Sifo Semzinyane

**Sifo semzinyane**, lesibuye satiwe ngekutsi **yi-postpartum**, **ngumkhuhlane wemzinyane** noma **sifo lositfola nawuyo[[Kubeleka|beleka]]**, ngunoma ngusiphi sifo noma ligciwane lelitfolwa ngumake esitfweni sakhe sangasese lapho kundlula khona umntfwana nakabelekwa loko kwenteka nakacedza kubeleka noma aphunyelwa sisu. Timphawu netinkhomba tivame kufaka ekhatsi kuchucha lokundlula , emakhata, buhlungu besinye, kantsi lokuyaye kuhambisane nekunuka kabi nekuphuma kweluketjezi esitfweni sangasese. Kuvamise kuba khona ngemuva kwemahora lange-24 nangemuva kwemalanga lalishumi ngemuva kwekubeleka. 

Kugula lokukhulu kuvamise kuba ngulokubambeka kwesibeletfo kanye nemitsambo lesedvute naso leyibitwa ngekutsi **ngema-puerperal sepsis ** noma **ema-postpartum metritis**. Titfo letingaba bungoti tifaka ekhatsi kubeleka ngesiza (kujutjwa), kuba khona kwemagciwane langafaka ekhatsi licembu B le-streptococcus esitfweni sangasese, kudzabuka kwemitsambo sikhatsi singakafiki, kanye nekuhelwa sikhatsi lesidze kuletinye tintfo letingaba khona.  Kungenwa tifo letinye kungafaka ekhatsi emagciwane lahlukahlukene.  Kutfola tindlela tekulapha kungasita  yelusiko lwetekulashwa kwengati kanye nesitfo sangasese. Kulabo labangakhombisi kuba ncono kungadzingeka kwekutsi kusetjentiswe imitsi yekwelapha.  Leminye imikhuhlwane leba khona ngemuva kwekubeleka ifaka ekhatsi: kugcwala kwelubisi emabeleni, kuba buhlungu kwemzila wemchamo, kuba buhlungu kwesinye noma buhlungu besitfo sangasese  lapho usikwe khona nawubeleka noma, kanye nekungasasebenti kahle noma kungasasebenti kwemaphaphu.

Ngenca yebungoti lobuba khona ngemuva kwekuhlindvwa kuyanconywa kwekutsi bonkhe bomake batfole umutsi wekuvikela loyi-anthibhayothiki lenjenge ampicillin ngaleso sikhatsi sekusikwa.  Kulashwa kwetifo letibe khona tilashwa ngema-anthibhayothiki kubantfu labanyenti baba ncono ngemuva kwemalanga lamabili kuya kulamatsatfu. Kulabo labanetifo letingasilukhuni bangasebentisa ema-anthibhayothiksi lanatfwako noma uma kungenjalo kungasetjentiswa ema-anthibhayothiksi lahlukile.  Ema-anthibhayothiksi lajwayelekile afaka ekhatsi i-ampicillin kanye ne-gentamicin ngemuva kwekutibelekela noma  i-clindamycin ne gentamicin kulabo lababeleke ngekusikwa.  Kulabo labangabi ncono ngekulashwa lokufanele lokunye kugula lokungahle kube khona lokufana nematfumba kufanele kutsi kunakwe. 

Emaveni lesekatfutfukile kuba neliphesenti linye noma mabili ebantfu labagulako ngemuva kwekutsi batibekele ngekwabo. Loku kuyakhula kusukela kumaphesenti lasihlanu kuya kulalishumi nakutsatfu kufaka ekhatsi labo lababeleke kalukhuni kanye nemaphesenti lalishumi nesihlanu alabo lababeleke ngekusikwa ngembi kwekutsi basebentise ema-anthibhayothiki ekutivikela.  Ngemnyaka wa 2013 loku kugula kwabangela kutsi kushone  24,000 kantsi bekwehle kusuka ku 34,000 walabashone nga 1990.  Inchazelo yekucala yalokushona isibuyisela emuva lokungenani kusentjuri ye-5 BCE lapho kubhale khona emahiphokhrithi. Loku kungenwa kugula bekuba yimbangela yekufa lokunyenti ngalesikhatsi kubelekwa lokwacala lokungenani kumasentjuri abo 18 kuya kubo 1930 ngalesikhatsi sekutfolakala ema-anthibhayothiki.  Nga 1847, e-Austria, Ignaz Semmelweiss ngekusebentisa  indlela yekugeza tandla kusetjentiswa iklorini kwehlisa emazinga ekubulawa ngulesifo ngemaphesenti lalinganiselwa kulangemashumi lamabili kuya kumaphesenti lamabili.

## Emareferensi