Seo

## Search engine optimization
Search engine optimization (SEO) yɛ adeyɛ a ɛma wɛbsaet so akwantuo a ɛkɔ wɛbsaet anaa wɛbsaet krataafa bi so firi search engine ahodoɔ so no yɛ papa ne dodoɔ a ɛkɔ anim.SEO de n'ani si kar a wontua ho ka (a wonim no sɛ "abɔde mu" anaa "organic" aba) so sen sɛ ɛbɛfa kar a ɛkɔ tẽẽ anaasɛ kar a wotua ho ka. Ebia kar akwantu a wontua hwee fi nhwehwɛmu ahorow mu, a mfonini hwehwɛ, video hwehwɛ, adesua mu hwehwɛ,nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔ hwehwɛ, ne nnwuma pɔtee bi a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma a ɛda hɔ ka ho.

Sɛ́ Intanɛt so aguadi ho nhyehyɛe no, SEO susuw sɛnea nhwehwɛmu mfiri yɛ adwuma, kɔmputa so nhyehyɛe a ɛkyerɛ sɛnea nhwehwɛmu mfiri yɛ, nea nkurɔfo hwehwɛ, nsɛm a wɔhwehwɛ ankasa anaa nsɛmfua atitiriw a wɔkyerɛw gu nhwehwɛmu mfiri mu, ne nhwehwɛmu mfiri a wɔn a wɔde wɔn ani asi wɔn so no pɛ ho . Wɔyɛ SEO efisɛ wɛbsaet bi benya nsrahwɛfo pii afi search engine bi hɔ bere a wɛbsaet ahorow no di kan wɔ search engine results page (SERP) no so. Afei wobetumi adan saa nsrahwɛfo yi abɛyɛ adetɔfo.

## Abakɔsɛm
Wɛbsaet so ahwɛfoɔ ne wɔn a wɔde nneɛma ma no hyɛɛ aseɛ yɛɛ wɛbsaet ahodoɔ a ɛyɛ papa maa nhwehwɛmu mfiri wɔ 1990 mfeɛ no mfimfini, berɛ a na nhwehwɛmu afiri a ɛdi kan no reyɛ Wɛb a ɛdi kan no din. Mfiase no, na nea ehia ara ne sɛ wɛbmasters nyinaa de kratafa bi address, anaa URL, kɔma engine ahorow no, a ɛbɛsoma wɛb krawla bi ma wakɔhwehwɛ saa krataafa no, ayi link ahorow a ɛkɔ nkratafa afoforo so afi mu, na wasan de nsɛm a wɔahu wɔ kratafa a ɛbɛyɛ no so aba wɔde index ahyɛ mu. Adeyɛ no hwehwɛ sɛ search engine spider bi twe kratafa bi na ɔde sie search engine no ankasa server so. Dwumadi a ɛto so abien a wɔfrɛ no indexer no yi kratafa no ho nsɛm te sɛ nsɛmfua a ɛwɔ mu, baabi a ɛwɔ, ne nsɛmfua pɔtee bi mu duru biara, ne nkitahodi ahorow a kratafa no wom nyinaa. Afei wɔde saa nsɛm yi nyinaa gu nhyehyɛe bi mu ma wɔwea akyiri yi.

Wɛbsaet wuranom huu mfaso a ɛwɔ dibea a ɛkorɔn ne nea wotumi hu wɔ nhwehwɛmu engine aba mu, na ɛmaa hokwan maa wɔn a wɔyɛ SEO a wɔyɛ kyɛw fitaa ne kyɛw tuntum nyinaa. Sɛnea nnwuma mu nhwehwɛmufo Danny Sullivan kyerɛ no, ebia wɔde kasasin "search engine optimization" dii dwuma wɔ afe 1997. Sullivan de Bruce Clay ho anuonyam ma sɛ ɔyɛ nnipa a wodii kan maa asɛmfua no gyee din no mu biako.

Nhwehwɛmu nhyehyɛe a edi kan no de wɔn ho to nsɛm a wɛbsaet sohwɛfo de ma te sɛ asɛmfua titiriw meta tag anaa index fael ahorow a ɛwɔ engine ahorow te sɛ ALIWEB mu so. Meta tags ma akwankyerɛ a ɛfa kratafa biara mu nsɛm ho. Nanso, wohui sɛ metadata a wɔde bedi dwuma de ayɛ nkratafa index no nyɛ nea wotumi de ho to so, efisɛ nsɛmfua atitiriw a wɛbsaet sohwɛfo no paw wɔ meta tag no mu no betumi ayɛ nea ɛnyɛ nokware a ɛkyerɛ nea ɛwɔ wɛbsaet no so ankasa. Data a ɛtɔ sin wɔ meta tags mu, te sɛ nea ɛnyɛ nokware, edi mũ, anaa atoro su ahorow, maa tumi a ɛbɛma wɔakyerɛ nkratafa no su wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so wɔ nhwehwɛmu a ɛho nhia mu.akyinnyegye – susuw ho] Wɛb nsɛm a wɔde ma nso yɛɛ su ahorow bi a ɛwɔ HTML no mu nsakrae source of a page de bɔ mmɔden sɛ ɛbɛdi kan wɔ search engines mu. Eduu 1997 no, wɔn a wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu mfiri no hui sɛ wɛbsaet so ahwɛfo rebɔ mmɔden sɛ wobenya dibea pa wɔ wɔn nhwehwɛmu afiri no mu na na wɛbsaet so ahwɛfo binom mpo reyɛ nsakrae wɔ wɔn dibea a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu no mu denam nsɛmfua atitiriw a ɛboro so anaasɛ ɛho nhia a wɔde bɛhyɛ nkratafa mu no so. Mfitiaseɛ nhwehwɛmu mfiri te sɛ Altavista ne Infoseek yɛɛ nsakraeɛ wɔ wɔn algorithms mu sɛdeɛ ɛbɛyɛ a wɛbmasters rentumi nsakra rankings.

Ɛdenam nneɛma te sɛ nsɛmfua atitiriw a ɛdɔɔso a na ɛwɔ wɛbsaet sohwɛfo nkutoo tumi so a wɔde wɔn ho too so kɛse so no, mfiri a edi kan a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu no huu amane wɔ ayayade ne dibea a wɔde di dwuma ho nsakrae ho. Nea ɛbɛyɛ na wɔanya nea eye ama wɔn a wɔde di dwuma no, na ɛsɛ sɛ mfiri a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu no yɛ nsakrae na ama wɔahwɛ ahu sɛ wɔn aba no nkratafa no bɛkyerɛ nea ɛfa nhwehwɛmu a ɛfata sen biara, sen sɛ wɔbɛkyerɛ nkratafa a ɛnyɛ nea ɛfa ho a wɔde nsɛmfua atitiriw pii ahyɛ mu ma denam wɛbsaet so ahwɛfo a wonni adwempa so. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wɔbɛtwe wɔn ho afi ahotoso a wɔde to asɛmfua density so kɛse so akɔ ɔkwan a ɛfa biribiara ho kɛse a wɔfa so de nkontaahyɛde ma ntease nsɛnkyerɛnne. Esiane sɛ sɛnea nhwehwɛmu afiri bi tumi yɛ nea ɛfata sen biara ma nhwehwɛmu biara na ɛkyerɛ sɛnea nhwehwɛmu afiri bi di yiye na agye din nti, nhwehwɛmu a ɛnyɛ papa anaasɛ ɛho nhia betumi ama wɔn a wɔde di dwuma no ahu nneɛma afoforo a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu. Mfiri a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu yɛɛ ho biribi denam ranking algorithms a ɛyɛ den kɛse a wɔyɛe so, na wosusuw nneɛma foforo a na ɛyɛ den ma wɛbsaet so ahwɛfo sɛ wɔbɛsakra no ho.

Nnwumakuw a wɔde akwan a ɛyɛ basabasa dodo di dwuma no betumi ama wɔabara wɔn afɛfo wɛbsaet ahorow wɔ nea wɔhwehwɛ no mu. Wɔ afe 2005 mu no, Wall Street Journal bɔɔ adwumakuw bi, Traffic Power, a wɔkyerɛ sɛ wɔde akwan a asiane kɛse wom dii dwuma na wɔantumi ankyerɛ saa asiane ahorow no ankyerɛ wɔn a wɔkra no ho amanneɛ. Wired nsɛmma nhoma bɔɔ amanneɛ sɛ adwumakuw koro no ara de blogger ne SEO Aaron Wall kɔɔ asɛnnibea sɛ ɔkyerɛw bara a wɔabara no ho asɛm. Akyiri yi Googleni Matt Cutts sii so dua sɛ nokwarem no Google bara Traffic Power ne n’afɛfo binom.

Nhwehwɛmu mfiri binom nso akɔ SEO adwumayɛ mu na wɔtaa boa ne ahɔho wɔ SEO nhyiamu, wɛbchats, ne nhyiamu ase. Nhwehwɛmu mfiri akɛseɛ de nsɛm ne akwankyerɛ ma a ɛbɛboa wɔ wɛbsaet no yiedie mu. Google wɔ Sitemaps nhyehyɛe bi a ɛbɛboa wɛbsaet so ahwɛfoɔ ma wɔahu sɛ Google rehyia ɔhaw biara wɔ wɔn wɛbsaet no index mu na ɛsan nso de data a ɛfa Google akwantuo a ɛkɔ wɛbsaet no so ma. Bing Webmaster Tools ma ɔkwan a wɛbmasters bɛfa so de sitemap ne wɛb feeds akɔ, ɛma wɔn a wɔde di dwuma no tumi hu "crawl rate," na wɔdi wɛb nkratafa index tebea akyi.

Wɔ afe 2015 mu no, wɔbɔɔ amanneɛ sɛ Google reyɛ na ɛrehyɛ mobile search ho nkuran sɛ ade titiriw wɔ daakye nneɛma mu. Nea ɛbɛyɛ na wɔayɛ eyi no, nnwumakuw pii fii ase faa ɔkwan foforo so wɔ wɔn Intanɛt so aguadi ho nhyehyɛe ahorow mu.

#### Abusuabɔ a ɛda wɔne Google ntam
Wɔ afe 1998 mu no, sukuufo baanu a wɔawie sukuu wɔ Stanford Sukuupɔn mu, Larry Page ne Sergey Brin, yɛɛ "Backrub," nhwehwɛmu afiri a ɛde ne ho to akontaabu nhyehyɛe bi so de kyerɛ sɛnea wɛbsaet nkratafa agye din. Dodow a algorithm, PageRank, bu akontaa no yɛ adwuma a ɛfa dodow ne ahoɔden a ɛwɔ nkitahodi ahorow a ɛba mu no ho. PageRank bu akontaa sɛ ɛbɛyɛ yiye sɛ obi a ɔde wɛb di dwuma a ɔhwehwɛ wɛbsaet no so kwa na odi nkitahodi ahorow a efi kratafa biako so kɔ foforo so no bedu kratafa bi. Sɛ yɛbɛka no yiye a, eyi kyerɛ sɛ nkitahodi ahorow bi mu yɛ den sen afoforo, efisɛ ɛda adi sɛ nea ɔhwehwɛ wɛb so random no bedu PageRank krataafa a ɛkorɔn so.

Page ne Brin hyehyɛɛ Google wɔ afe 1998 mu. Google twee akyidifo anokwafo baa wɔn a wɔde Intanɛt di dwuma a na ɛrenya nkɔanim no mu, a wɔn ani gyee ne nhyehyɛe a ɛnyɛ den no ho. Wɔsusuu nneɛma a ɛwɔ kratafa no akyi (te sɛ PageRank ne hyperlink nhwehwɛmu) ne nneɛma a ɛwɔ kratafa no so (te sɛ nsɛmfua titiriw mpɛn dodow, meta tags, asɛmti, links ne site nhyehyɛe) sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a Google atumi akwati nsakrae a wohu wɔ search engine ahorow mu no a wosusuw nneɛma a ɛwɔ kratafa so nkutoo ho ma wɔn dodow a wɔde di dwuma no. Ɛwom sɛ na ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛbɔ PageRank ho agoru de, nanso na wɛbsaet so ahwɛfo ayɛ nnwinnade ne nhyehyɛe ahorow a wɔde bɛkyekye nkitahodi dedaw de anya Inktomi nhwehwɛmu afiri no so nkɛntɛnso, na saa akwan yi daa adi sɛ ɛfata wɔ agodie PageRank ho saa ara. Wɛbsaet pii twe adwene si link ahorow a wɔsesa, tɔ, ne tɔn so, na mpɛn pii no ɛyɛ kɛse. Saa nhyehyɛe yi bi, anaasɛ link farms, hwehwɛ sɛ wɔyɛɛ site mpempem pii a atirimpɔw nkutoo ne sɛ wɔde link spamming bɛkɔ.

Eduu afe 2004 no, na mfiri a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu de nneɛma ahorow pii a wɔanda no adi ahyɛ wɔn ranking algorithms mu de atew nkɛntɛnso a link manipulation nya no so. Wɔ June 2007 mu no, The New York Times kyerɛwfo Saul Hansell kae sɛ Google de nsɛnkyerɛnne ahorow bɛboro 200 na ɛde wɛbsaet ahorow to hɔ. Nhwehwɛmu mfiri atitiriw, Google, Bing, ne Yahoo, nkyerɛ algorithms a wɔde di dwuma de hyehyɛ nkratafa. SEO adwumayɛfo binom asua akwan horow a wɔfa so hwehwɛ engine optimization na wɔakyekyɛ wɔn ankasa adwene. Patents a ɛfa search engine ho no betumi ama nsɛm a ɛbɛma wɔate search engine ase yiye. Wɔ afe 2005 mu no, Google fii ase yɛɛ nhwehwɛmu a wonyae no sɛnea obiara a ɔde di dwuma no ankasa. Ɛgyina wɔn abakɔsɛm a ɛfa nhwehwɛmu a atwam ho so no, Google yɛɛ nea efii mu bae maa wɔn a wɔakɔ mu.

Wɔ afe 2007 mu no, Google de ɔsatu bi too gua tia link ahorow a wotua ho ka a ɛde PageRank kɔ baabi foforo. Wɔ June 15, 2009 no, Google daa no adi sɛ wɔayɛ nneɛma bi de abrɛ PageRank sculpting nkɛntɛnso ase denam nofollow su a wɔde bedi dwuma wɔ link ahorow so no so. Matt Cutts, software engineer a wagye din wɔ Google, de too gua sɛ Google Bot rennyɛ no follow links biara bio, wɔ ɔkwan koro no ara so, de siw SEO service providers kwan sɛ wɔmfa nofollow nni dwuma mma PageRank sculpting. Esiane nsakrae yi nti, nofollow a wɔde dii dwuma no maa PageRank no yɛɛ hyew. Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛkwati nea yɛaka ho asɛm wɔ atifi hɔ no, SEO mfiridwumayɛfo yɛɛ akwan foforo a ɛde JavaScript a ɛyɛ obfuscated si nofollowed tags ananmu na ɛnam so ma kwan ma wɔyɛ PageRank sculpting. Bio nso, wɔahyɛ ano aduru pii ho nyansa a nea ɛka ho ne iframes, Flash, ne JavaScript a wɔde bedi dwuma.

Wɔ December 2009 mu no, Google de too gua sɛ wɔde wɔn a wɔde di dwuma nyinaa wɛb hwehwɛ abakɔsɛm bedi dwuma sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛhyɛ nhwehwɛmu aba no ma. Wɔ June 8, 2010 no wɔde wɛbsaet indexing nhyehyɛe foforo a wɔfrɛ no Google Caffeine too gua. Wɔyɛɛ no ​​sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔn a wɔde di dwuma no betumi ahu nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔ, nsɛm a wɔde bɛto gua, ne nneɛma afoforo ntɛm ara bere a wɔatintim akyi sen kan no, na Google Caffeine yɛ nsakrae wɔ ɔkwan a Google faa so yɛɛ ne index no foforo sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a nneɛma bɛda adi ntɛmntɛm wɔ Google so sen kan no. Sɛnea Carrie Grimes, software engineer a ɔde Caffeine too gua maa Google kyerɛ no, "Caffeine ma ɔha biara mu nkyem 50 a ɛyɛ foforo wɔ wɛb hwehwɛ mu sen yɛn index a etwa to no..." Wɔde Google Instant, bere ankasa mu hwehwɛ, bae wɔ afe 2010 awiei wɔ mmɔden a wɔbɔ sɛ wɔbɛma nea wɔhwehwɛ mu aba no ayɛ nea ɛfata na ɛfata. Abakɔsɛm mu no, wɛbsaet so ahwɛfo de asram anaa mfe mpo ayɛ wɛbsaet bi yiye na ama nhwehwɛmu dodow akɔ soro. Ɛnam sɛ social media sites ne blogs agye din kɛseɛ nti, engine ahodoɔ a ɛdi kan no yɛɛ nsakraeɛ wɔ wɔn algorithms mu sɛdeɛ ɛbɛyɛ a nneɛma foforɔ bɛtumi akɔ so ntɛmntɛm wɔ nhwehwɛmu aba no mu.

Wɔ Ɔpɛpɔn 2011 mu no, Google de Panda update too gua, a ɛtwe wɛbsaet ahorow a nsɛm a wɔayɛ no abien afi wɛbsaet afoforo ne mmeae afoforo wom no aso. Abakɔsɛm mu no, wɛbsaet ahorow ayɛ nneɛma a ɛwɔ hɔ no ho mfonini afi wɔn ho wɔn ho hɔ na wɔanya mfaso wɔ search engine rankings mu denam saa adeyɛ yi a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛɛ mu no so. Nanso, Google de nhyehyɛe foforo bi a ɛtwe wɛbsaet ahorow a emu nsɛm nyɛ soronko no aso dii dwuma. Afe 2012 Google Penguin bɔɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛtwe wɛbsaet ahorow a wɔde akwan a wɔfa so yɛ adwuma di dwuma de ma wɔn dibea tu mpɔn wɔ nhwehwɛmu afiri no so. Ɛwom sɛ wɔde Google Penguin akyerɛ sɛ algorithm a wɔde asi wɔn ani so sɛ wɔbɛko atia wɛb spam deɛ, nanso ɛde n’adwene si spammy links so ankasa denam gauging a ɛyɛ yiedie a ɛwɔ sites a links no firi mu ba no so. 2013 Google Hummingbird update no de algorithm nsakraeɛ a wɔayɛ sɛ ɛbɛma Google abɔdeɛ kasa dwumadie ne nkyerɛaseɛ nteaseɛ a ɛfa wɛb nkratafa ho no atu mpɔn. Hummingbird kasa ho dwumadie nhyehyeɛ no hyɛ asɛmfua foforɔ a wɔagye atom a ɛne "nkɔmmɔdie hwehwɛ" ase, baabi a nhyehyɛeɛ no de n'adwene si asɛmfua biara a ɛwɔ asɛmmisa no mu so kɛseɛ sɛdeɛ ɛbɛyɛ a nkratafa no ne asɛmmisa no nteaseɛ bɛhyia yie sene nsɛmfua kakraa bi. Ɛdefa nsakrae a wɔayɛ wɔ search engine optimization mu no, wɔ content publishers ne akyerɛwfo fam no, Hummingbird abɔ ne tirim sɛ ebesiesie nsɛm denam nsɛm a ɛho nhia ne spam a wobeyi afi hɔ no so, na ama Google atumi ayɛ nneɛma a ɛkorɔn na ɔde ne ho ato wɔn so sɛ wɔbɛyɛ akyerɛwfo a ‘wogye wɔn di’ .

Wɔ Ɔkɔtɔberɛ 2019 mu no, Google de too gua sɛ wɔbɛhyɛ aseɛ de BERT nhwɛsoɔ adi dwuma ama Borɔfo kasa hwehwɛ nsɛmmisa wɔ U.S. Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) yɛ mmɔden foforo a Google bɔe sɛ ɛbɛma wɔn abɔde mu kasa ho dwumadie atu mpɔn, nanso saa berɛ yi sɛdeɛ ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛte wɔn a wɔde di dwuma no hwehwɛ nsɛmmisa ase yie. Wɔ search engine optimization ho no, BERT yɛɛ n’adwene sɛ ɛbɛma wɔn a wɔde di dwuma no akɔfa nneɛma a ɛfa ho no ayɛ mmerɛw na ama traffic a ɛba wɛbsaet ahorow a ɛwɔ dibea wɔ Search Engine Results Page no so no ayɛ kɛse.

## Akwan a wɔfa so yɛ

#### Nhwehwɛmu a wobenya
Mfiri a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu a ɛdi kan te sɛ Google, Bing, ne Yahoo!, de crawlers di dwuma de hwehwɛ nkratafa a wɔde hwehwɛ wɔn algorithmic search results. Ɛho nhia sɛ wɔde nkratafa a wɔde nkitahodi fi nkratafa afoforo a wɔde search engine ahyɛ mu no mena efisɛ wohu no ara kwa. Yahoo! Directory ne DMOZ, directory akɛseɛ mmienu a wɔtoo mu wɔ afe 2014 ne 2017 mu no, na ɛhia sɛ wɔde nsa de kɔma ne nnipa samufoɔ nhwehwɛmu. Google de Google Search Console ma, a wobetumi ayɛ XML Sitemap feed na wɔde amena kwa de ahwɛ ahu sɛ wobehu nkratafa nyinaa, titiriw nkratafa a wontumi nhu denam link ahorow a wodi akyi ara kwa de ka wɔn URL submission console no ho  . Yahoo! kan no na wɔyɛ adwuma bi a wotua ho ka a wɔde mena a ɛma awerɛhyem sɛ wɔbɛkɔ akɔhwehwɛ ɛka a wɔbɔ wɔ klike biara ho;nanso, wogyaee saa adeyɛ yi wɔ afe 2009 mu.

Ebia search engine crawlers bɛhwɛ nneɛma ahorow pii bere a wɔrehwehwɛ wɛbsaet bi so no. Ɛnyɛ kratafa biara na mfiri a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu na ɛyɛ index. Nkratafa ntam kwan a ɛda sait bi ntini kyerɛwtohɔ no ntam nso betumi ayɛ ade a ɛkyerɛ sɛ nkratafa no bɛkɔ anaasɛ ɛnkɔ so.

Ɛnnɛ, nnipa dodow no ara de mobile device rehwehwɛ wɔ Google so. Wɔ November 2016 mu no, Google de nsakraeɛ kɛseɛ too gua wɔ ɔkwan a wɔfa so hwehwɛ wɛbsaet ahodoɔ mu na wɔhyɛɛ aseɛ yɛɛ wɔn index no mobile-first, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ mobile version a ɛwɔ wɛbsaet bi a wɔde ama no mu no bɛyɛ mfitiaseɛ ma deɛ Google de ka wɔn index ho. Wɔ May 2019 mu no, Google yɛɛ wɔn crawler no rendering engine no foforo sɛ ɛbɛyɛ Chromium a aba foforo (74 bere a wɔde too gua no). Google kyerɛɛ sɛ wɔbɛtaa ayɛ Chromium rendering engine no foforo akɔ nea aba foforo so. Wɔ December 2019 mu no, Google hyɛɛ aseɛ yɛɛ wɔn crawler no User-Agent string no foforɔ sɛdeɛ ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛda Chrome version a ɛtwa toɔ a wɔn rendering service de di dwuma no adi. Na akyɛdeɛ no ne sɛ wɔbɛma wɛbsaet so ahwɛfoɔ anya berɛ de ayɛ wɔn koodu a ɛbua bot User-Agent nhama pɔtee bi no foforɔ. Google yɛɛ nhwehwɛmu na wɔtee ahotoso nka sɛ nkɛntɛnso no bɛyɛ ketewaa bi.

## Nneɛma a wɔwea a wobesiw ano
Asɛm titiriw: Robɔt ahorow a wɔayi afi mu gyinapɛn

Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛkwati nneɛma a wɔmpɛ wɔ nhwehwɛmu index ahorow no mu no, wɛbmasters betumi akyerɛ spiders sɛ wɔnnhwehwɛ fael anaa directory ahorow bi mu denam standard robots.txt fael a ɛwɔ domain no root directory no mu. Bio nso, wobetumi ayi krataafa bi afi nhwehwɛmu engine bi database mu pefee denam meta tag a ɛfa robɔt ho pɔtee a wɔde bedi dwuma so (mpɛn pii no  ). Sɛ search engine bi kɔ site bi so a, robots.txt a ɛwɔ root directory no mu no ne fael a edi kan a wɔhwehwɛ. Afei wɔpaapae robots.txt fael no mu na ɛbɛkyerɛ robɔt no sɛ nkratafa bɛn na ɛnsɛ sɛ ɔhwehwɛ. Sɛnea search engine crawler betumi de fael yi bi a wɔakora so asie no, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi ahwehwɛ nkratafa a wɛbsaet sohwɛfo mpɛ sɛ ɔbɛhwehwɛ. Nkratafa a wɔtaa siw kwan sɛ wɔbɛtwetwe no bi ne nkratafa a ɛfa login pɔtee bi ho te sɛ adetɔ teaseɛnam ne nneɛma pɔtee a ɛfa nea ɔde di dwuma ho te sɛ nea efi nhwehwɛmu a wɔhwehwɛ mu ba. Wɔ March 2007 mu no, Google bɔɔ wɛbsaet so ahwɛfoɔ kɔkɔ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wɔsiw indexing a ɛfa nhwehwɛmu a ɛwɔ mu no ano ɛfiri sɛ wɔbu saa nkratafa no sɛ search spam. Wɔ afe 2020 mu no, Google sunsetted gyinapɛn no (na open-sourced wɔn code) na seesei wɔfa no sɛ hint ɛnyɛ akwankyerɛ. Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛhwɛ yiye sɛ wɔmfa nkratafa no nhyɛ index mu no, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde robɔt a ɛwɔ kratafa so meta tag ka ho.

#### Nnipa a wogye din a ɛrenya nkɔanim
Akwan ahorow betumi ama wɛbsaet krataafa bi agye din kɛse wɔ nea wɔhwehwɛ no mu. Sɛ wobɔ wɛbsaet koro no ara nkratafa ntam na ama woanya nkitahodi pii a ɛkɔ nkratafa a ɛho hia so a, ebetumi ama wɔahu no yiye. Kratafa nhyehyɛe ma wɔn a wɔde di dwuma no nya sait bi mu ahotoso na wɔpɛ sɛ wɔtra hɔ bere a wɔahu no. Sɛ nkurɔfo tu fi wɛbsaet bi so a, ɛkan wɛbsaet no na ɛka sɛnea wogye di no.  Sɛ wɔkyerɛw nsɛm a nsɛmfua titiriw a wɔtaa hwehwɛ ka ho sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛfata nsɛmmisa ahorow pii a wɔhwehwɛ ho a, ɛbɛma nnipa a wɔba no akɔ soro. Sɛ woyɛ nneɛma foforo sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a mfiri a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu no bɛkɔ so akɔ akyi mpɛn pii a, ebetumi ama wɛbsaet bi ayɛ kɛse kɛse. Sɛ wode nsɛmfua titiriw a ɛfata ka wɛbsaet krataafa bi metadata ho, a asɛmti tag ne meta nkyerɛkyerɛmu ka ho a, ɛbɛma sɛnea wɛbsaet bi so nhwehwɛmu a wɔahyehyɛ no afata no atu mpɔn, na ɛnam so ama nnipa a wɔba no akɔ soro. URL canonicalization a ɛwɔ wɛb nkratafa a wotumi fa URL ahodoɔ so kɔ hɔ, de canonical link element anaa 301 redirects di dwuma no bɛtumi aboa ama wɔahwɛ sɛ link a ɛkɔ URL no nkyerɛaseɛ ahodoɔ nyinaa bu akontaa kɔ krataafa no link agye din nkontabuo mu. Wonim eyinom sɛ link ahorow a ɛba, a ɛkyerɛ URL no na ebetumi abu akontaa akɔ krataafa link no agye din nkontaahyɛde mu, na ɛka wɛbsaet bi ahotoso.  .

#### White hat versus tuntum kyɛw akwan horow
Wobetumi akyekyɛ SEO akwan mu akuwakuw abien a ɛtrɛw: akwan a nnwumakuw a wɔhwehwɛ mfiri kamfo kyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ nhyehyɛe pa fã ("kyɛw fitaa"), ne saa akwan a nhwehwɛmu mfiri mpene so ("kyɛw tuntum"). Mfiri a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu bɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛtew nea etwa to no nkɛntɛnso so, na nea ɛka ho ne spamdexing. Nnwuma mu nkyerɛkyerɛmufoɔ akyekyɛ akwan yi ne wɔn a wɔde di dwuma no mu sɛ white hat SEO anaa black hat SEO. kyɛw fitaa taa ma nea efi mu ba a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ, bere a kyɛw tuntum hwɛ kwan sɛ awiei koraa no wobetumi abara wɔn wɛbsaet ahorow no bere tiaa bi anaasɛ daa bere a nhwehwɛmu mfiri ahorow no ahu nea wɔreyɛ no.

Wobu SEO kwan bi sɛ kyɛw fitaa sɛ ɛne search engine ahorow no akwankyerɛ hyia na ɛnyɛ nnaadaa biara a. Sɛnea wɔankyerɛw search engine akwankyerɛ sɛ mmara anaa ahyɛde ahorow a ɛtoatoa so no, eyi yɛ nsonsonoe a ɛho hia a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhyɛ no nsow. White hat SEO nyɛ akwankyerɛ a wobedi akyi nko na mmom ɛfa hwɛ a wɔbɛhwɛ sɛ nneɛma a search engine bi de index na akyiri yi ɛde rank no yɛ nneɛma koro no ara a ɔde di dwuma no behu. Wɔtaa bɔ afotuo a ɛfa white hat ho no mua sɛ wɔbɛbɔ nsɛm ama wɔn a wɔde di dwuma, ɛnyɛ nhwehwɛmu afiri, na afei wɔama saa nsɛm no ayɛ mmerɛw ama intanɛt so "spider" algorithms no, sen sɛ wɔbɛbɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛdaadaa algorithm no afi nea wɔahyɛ da ayɛ no mu. White hat SEO wɔ akwan pii so te sɛ wɛb nkɔso a ɛma wotumi kɔ hɔ, ɛwom sɛ abien no nyɛ pɛ de.

Black hat SEO bɔ mmɔden sɛ ɛbɛma rankings atu mpɔn wɔ akwan horow a search engine ahorow no mpene so anaasɛ ɛfa nnaadaa ho. Black hat kwan biako de nsɛm a ahintaw di dwuma, sɛ nsɛm a wɔde kɔla ayɛ te sɛ akyi, wɔ div a aniwa nhu mu, anaasɛ wɔde si screen no akyi. Ɔkwan foforo ma kratafa soronko bi a egyina sɛ ebia onipa nsrahwɛfo bi na ɔrebisa kratafa no anaasɛ afiri a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu, ɔkwan a wonim no sɛ cloaking. Ɔfã foforo a ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔde di dwuma ne grey hat SEO. Eyi wɔ kyɛw tuntum ne kyɛw fitaa akwan no ntam, baabi a akwan a wɔfa so no kwati sɛ wɔbɛtwe wɛbsaet no aso nanso ɛnyɛ adwuma wɔ nneɛma a eye sen biara a wɔbɛyɛ ama wɔn a wɔde di dwuma no mu. Grey hat SEO no nyinaa de n’adwene si search engine rankings a ɛbɛma atu mpɔn so.

Ebia mfiri a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu bɛtwe nsɛmma nhoma ahorow a wohu no aso denam akwan a wɔfa so de kyɛw tuntum anaa fitaa di dwuma so, denam wɔn dodow a wɔbɛtew so anaasɛ wobeyi wɔn din ahorow afi wɔn databea ahorow so koraa no so. Wobetumi de asotwe a ɛte saa no adi dwuma ara kwa denam search engine ahorow no algorithms so anaasɛ wɔde nsa a wɔde hwɛ wɛbsaet no so. Nhwɛsoɔ baako ne February 2006 Google yii BMW Germany ne Ricoh Germany nyinaa firii hɔ ɛnam sɛ wɔde nnaadaa nneyɛeɛ dii dwuma nti. Nanso, nnwumakuw abien no nyinaa paa kyɛw ntɛm ara, wosiesiee nkratafa a ɛhyɛ abufuw no, na wɔsan de wɔn baa Google nhwehwɛmu engine aba krataafa so.

## Sɛ́ aguadi ho nhyehyɛe
SEO nyɛ ɔkwan a ɛfata ma wɛbsaet biara, na Intanɛt so aguadi ho akwan afoforo betumi ayɛ nea etu mpɔn kɛse, te sɛ aguade ho dawurubɔ a wotua ho ka denam pay-per-click (PPC) ɔsatu ahorow so, a egyina wɛbsaet no sohwɛfo botae ahorow so. Search engine marketing (SEM) yɛ adeyɛ a ɛma wɔyɛ search engine dawurubɔ ɔsatu ahorow ho nhyehyɛe, wɔyɛ no yiye, na wɔyɛ no yiye. Ne nsonsonoe a ɛda SEO ntam no yɛ nea wɔda no adi kɛkɛ sɛ nsonsonoe a ɛda nea edi kan a wotua ne nea wontua ho ka ntam wɔ nhwehwɛmu aba mu. SEM twe adwene si dibea a obi di so kɛse sen nea ɛfa ho; ɛsɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔyɛ wɛbsaet no bu SEM sɛ ɛho hia kɛse a wosusuw sɛnea wotumi hu ho bere a dodow no ara kɔ wɔn nhwehwɛmu no din titiriw no so. Intanɛt so aguadi ɔsatu a edi mu nso betumi agyina wɛb nkratafa a ɛkorɔn a wɔbɛkyekyere de agye wɔn a wɔde intanɛt di dwuma no adi dwuma na wɔadaadaa wɔn, nhwehwɛmu nhyehyɛe ahorow a wɔbɛhyehyɛ na ama sait wuranom atumi asusuw nea efi mu ba, ne wɛbsaet bi nsakrae dodow a wɔbɛma atu mpɔn so. Wɔ Ɔpɛpɔn 2015 mu no, Google yii ne Search Quality Rating Guidelines a ɛwɔ nkratafa 160 a edi mũ adi kyerɛɛ ɔmanfo,[60] a ɛdaa nsakraeɛ adi wɔ wɔn adwene a wɔde si "mfaso" ne mobile local search so. Nnansa yi mfeɛ mu no, mobile gua no ayɛ kɛseɛ, ɛboro desktop a wɔde di dwuma no so, sɛdeɛ StatCounter daa no adi wɔ Ɔkɔtɔberɛ 2016 mu, baabi a wɔyɛɛ wɛbsaet ɔpepem 2.5 mu nhwehwɛmu na wɔhunuu sɛ nkratafa no mu 51.3% na wɔde mobile device na ɛhyɛ mu. Google ayɛ nnwumakuw a wɔde mobile a wɔde di dwuma a agye din no redi dwuma no mu biako denam nkuranhyɛ a wɔhyɛ wɛbsaet ahorow sɛ wɔmfa wɔn Google Search Console, Mobile-Friendly Test, a ɛma nnwumakuw tumi susuw wɔn wɛbsaet no ma ɛne nea efi nhwehwɛmu engine mu ba no hyia na ɛkyerɛ sɛnea ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wɔde bedi dwuma no nni dwuma no so wɔn wɛbsaet ahorow no yɛ. Dodow a nsɛmfua atitiriw no bɛn wɔn ho wɔn ho no, dodow a wɔde di dwuma no bɛkɔ anim a egyina nsɛmfua atitiriw so.  .

SEO betumi ama wɔanya mfaso a ɛfata afi sika a wɔde asie no mu. Nanso, wontua search engine ahorow ho ka wɔ organic search traffic ho, wɔn algorithms sesa, na wonni awerɛhyem biara sɛ wɔbɛkɔ so de wɔn akɔma. Esiane saa ahotoso a enni hɔ ne adwenem naayɛ yi nti, adwuma a ɛde ne ho to search engine traffic so kɛse no betumi ahwere ade kɛse sɛ search engine ahorow no gyae nsrahwɛfo a wɔde wɔn bɛkɔ a. Search engine ahorow betumi asesa wɔn algorithms, na aka wɛbsaet bi search engine ranking, na ebia ɛbɛma traffic ahwere kɛse. Sɛnea Google CEO, Eric Schmidt, kyerɛ no, wɔ afe 2010 mu no, Google yɛɛ nsakraeɛ bɛboro 500 wɔ algorithm mu – ɛkame ayɛ sɛ 1.5 da biara. Wobu no sɛ ɛyɛ adwumayɛ mu adeyɛ a nyansa wom ma wɔn a wɔyɛ wɛbsaet adwuma no sɛ wobegye wɔn ho afi ahotoso a wɔde to search engine traffic so no ho. Wɔ akwan a wɔfa so nya wɔ wɛb krawlers (a wɔadi ho asɛm wɔ atifi hɔ) akyi no, wɛb a wɔde di dwuma no abɛyɛ nea ɛho hia kɛse ama SEO.

## Amanaman ntam gua ahorow
Optimization akwan no yɛ tuned kɛse ma search engine ahorow a ɛwɔ tumi kɛse wɔ gua a wɔde wɔn ani asi so no. Ɛsono sɛnea mfiri a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu no gua so kyɛfa wɔ gua biara so, na saa ara na akansi nso te. Wɔ afe 2003 mu no, Danny Sullivan kaa sɛ Google gyina hɔ ma bɛyɛ 75% wɔ nhwehwɛmu nyinaa mu.Wɔ gua ahorow a ɛwɔ United States akyi no, Google kyɛfa taa yɛ kɛse, na Google da so ara yɛ nhwehwɛmu afiri titiriw wɔ wiase nyinaa de besi afe 2007. Ɛde besi afe 2006 no, na Google wɔ gua so kyɛfa 85–90% wɔ Germany. Bere a na SEO adwumakuw ɔhaha pii wɔ U.S. saa bere no, na bɛyɛ anum pɛ na ɛwɔ Germany. Ɛde besi June 2008 no, Google gua so kyɛfa wɔ UK no bɛn 90% sɛnea Hitwise kyerɛ no.Wonya saa gua so kyɛfa no wɔ aman dodow bi mu.

Ɛde besi afe 2009 no, gua akɛse kakraa bi pɛ na ɛwɔ hɔ a Google nyɛ nhwehwɛmu afiri a edi kan. Mpɛn pii no, sɛ Google nni kan wɔ gua bi a wɔde ama mu a, ɛka akyi wɔ mpɔtam hɔ agofoni bi akyi. Nhwɛso gua ahorow a ɛda nsow sen biara ne China, Japan, South Korea, Russia, ne Czech Republic, baabi a Baidu, Yahoo! Japan, Naver, Yandex ne Seznam yɛ gua so akannifo.

Nhwehwɛmu a ɛbɛdi nkonim ama amanaman ntam gua no betumi ahwehwɛ sɛ wɔkyerɛ wɛbsaet nkratafa ase wɔ adwumayɛfoɔ mu, wɔkyerɛw domain din a ɛwɔ domain a ɛkorɔn wɔ gua a wɔde wɔn ani asi so no so, ne wɛb hosting a ɛma mpɔtam hɔ IP address. Sɛ ɛnte saa a, nneɛma atitiriw a ɛwɔ nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no yiye mu no yɛ ade koro titiriw, a kasa mfa ho.

## Mmara kwan so nhwɛso ahorow
Wɔ October 17, 2002 no, SearchKing de asɛm kɔdan United States Ɔmantam Asɛnnibea, Oklahoma Atɔe Fam Mantam, tiaa afiri a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu a wɔfrɛ no Google. SearchKing asɛm no ne sɛ Google akwan a wɔfaa so siw spamdexing ano no yɛ apam mu abusuabɔ a ɛde ne ho hyɛ mu wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ atoro so. Wɔ May 27, 2003 no, asɛnnibea no penee Google asɛm a ɔkae sɛ wɔmfa anwiinwii no ntom no so efisɛ SearchKing "antumi anka asɛm bi a wobetumi de ama ahotɔ wɔ so."

Wɔ March 2006 mu no, KinderStart de asɛm kɔdan Google wɔ search engine rankings ho. Wɔyii KinderStart wɛbsaet no fii Google index no mu ansa na wɔrekɔ asɛnnibea no, na nnipa dodow a wɔba wɛbsaet no so no so tew 70%. Wɔ March 16, 2007 no, United States Ɔmantam Asɛnnibea a ɛhwɛ California Atifi Fam Mantam so (San Jose Division) buu KinderStart anwiinwii no animtiaa a wɔamma ho kwan sɛ wɔnyɛ nsakrae na wɔpenee Google nsɛm a ɔkae sɛ wɔmfa Mmara 11 asotwe mma KinderStart mmaranimfo no fã bi, na ɛhwehwɛɛ sɛ otua Google mmara kwan so sika no fã bi ɛka a wɔbɔ.