Pertussis

**IPertussis**, leyibuye yatiwe ngekutsi **kukhwehlela kubhadle sikhwehlela** noma **kukhwehlela emalanga lali-100**, sifo lesinemagciwane latsatselana ngalokundlulele. Timphawu tekucala tivamise kufana naleto temkhuhlane lojwayelekile ngekutsi uvute emafinyila, ifiva nekukhwehlela kancane. Loku kubese kulandzelwa kukhwehlela kakhulu lokungapheli. Loku kulandzelwa ngemaviki ekukhwehlela kamatima. Bese kulandzela kuhlala ukhwehlela njalo kulandzele kukhwehlela kubhadle sikhwehlela kantsi lomsindvo ungavakala noma umuntfu aphefumula.  Lokukhwehlela kungachubeka kundlula emalanga lalikhulu noma emaviki lalishumi. Umuntfu angakhwehlela kamatima aze ahlante, aphuke timbambu, noma ative akhatsele ngalesento. Bantfwana labangaphansi kwemnyaka munye budzala bangahle bakhwehlele kancane noma bangakhwehleli noma babe netikhatsi lapho bangakhoni kuphefumula khona. Lesikhatsi lesisemkhatsini wekusuleleka nekucala kwetimphawu kuvamise kuba ngemalanga lasikhombisa kuya kulalishumi. Tifo tingavela kulabo labagomile kodvwa timphawu tivamise kuba tincane. 

IPertussis ibangelwa ligciwane le*Bordetella pertussis*. Sifo lesibhebhetsekako lesisabalala kalula ngekukhwehlela nekutsimula kwemuntfu losulelekile. Bantfu bayabasulela labanye kusukela nakucala kubonakala timphawu kudzimate kufike emaviki lamatsatfu kulokukhwehlela kamatima. Labo labalashwa ngekunatsa ema-anthibhayothiki abasasindlulisi lesifo ngemuva kwemalanga lasihlanu. Kucwaningwa kwentiwa ngekubutsela isampuli ngemuva ngekhatsi emphumulweni nasemphinjeni. Losampuli ingabese iyahlolwa ngekusebentisa lisiko noma ipholimerasi lekuluchungechunge lwetento. 

Kuyivikela kuvamise kuba kutfola umjovo wepertussis. Kugoma kwekucala kuyanconywa emkhatsini wemaviki lasitfupha kuya kulasiphohlongo budzala ngemadosi lamane lewuniketwa wona kuleminyaka lemibili yekucala emphilweni. Lomjovo uya ngekungasebenti kahle ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi bese kudzingeka kutsi utfole lamanye emadosi kubantfwana labadzadlana nakulabadzala. Ema-anthibhayothiksi angasetjentiswa kuvikela lesifo kulabo lebasengotini yekutfola letinye tifo. Kulabo labanalesifo ema-anthibhayothiksi abalulekile uma ngabe acalwe kungakapheli emaviki lamatsatfu nakucala kubonakala timphawu kodvwa avamise kuba nemtselela lomncane kubantfu labanyenti. Kubantfwana labangaphansi kwemnyaka munye nakulabo labakhulelwe kunconywa kutsi baniketwe kungakapheli emaviki lasitfupha nakucala kubonakala timphawu. Ema-anthibhayothiki lasetjentiswako afaka ekhatsi i-erythromycin, azithromycin, noma itrimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Bufakazi bekusekela lemphumelelo yekusebenta kwemitsi kulokukhwehlela bubi. Bantfwana labanyenti labangaphansi kwemnyaka munye budzala badzinga kulaliswa esibhedlela. 

Kulinganiselwa ekutseni ipertussis ihlasela bantfu labatigidzi leti-16 mhlabawonkhe ngemnyaka. Kugula lokunyenti kwenteka emaveni lekasatfutfuka kantsi bantfu labaneminyaka lehlukene bangasuleleka noma bangakanani. Nga 2013 kubangele kushona kwebantfu labangu-61,000 – kwehla kusuka ku-138,000 wekushona kwebantfu nga-1990. Bantfwana labasulelekile labalinganiselwa ku-2% labangaphansi kwemnyaka munye bayashona. Kubhebhetseka kwalesifo kwacala kwachazwa ngesentjuri ye-16. Leligciwane lelibangela lokungenwa ngulesifo latfolakala nga-1906. Lomjovo wacala kutfolakala nga-1940.

## Emareferensi