Ian Khama

**Seretse Khama Ian Khama** ( 27 Indlovana 1953) ungusopolitiki waseBotswana futsi bekangumphatsi wemphi futsi bekangumengameli wesine weRiphabhulikhi yaseBotswana kusukela mhlaka 1 Apreli 2008 kuya kumhlaka 1 Imphala 2018. Ngemuva kwekusebenta njenge Commander of the Botswana Defence Force, wangena kutepolitiki futsi waba liSekela laMengameli wase Botswana kusukela nga-1998 kuya ku-2008, wase ulandzela Festus Mogae njengeMengameli mhlaka 1 Apreli 2008. Wancoba sikhatsi lesiphelele elukhetfweni lwanga-2009 waphindze wakhetfwa nga-Okthoba 2014.

## Imphilo yakhe yasebuntfwaneni
Khama ngumntfwana wesibili waMnumzane Seretse Khama (July 1, 1921 - July 13, 1980), umholi lomkhulu waseBotswana lotimele kanye nemengameli wayo kusukela nga-1966 kuya ku-1980, kanye naNkhosikati Khama. Watalwa eChertsey, Surrey, ngesikhatsi babe wakhe ahlala ekutfunjweni e-United Kingdom, ngenca yekuphikisa kwahulumende welubandlululo eNingizimu Afrika emshadweni wakhe nemfati lomhlophe.

Uphindze abe ngumtukulu wa Sekgoma II (1869-1925), lobekangumholi lomkhulu webantfu base Bamangwato, kanye nemtukulu wa Khama III (1837ī1923), inkhosi yabo. Mkhulu wakhe Kgosikgolo Sekgoma I bekangumholi webantfu base Bamangwato (1815-1885). Leligama lelitsi "Seretse" lisho lubumba lolubopha ndzawonye, futsi laniketwa babe wakhe kute agubhe kubuyisana kwababe wakhe namkhulu wakhe; loku kubuyisana kwacinisekisa kutsi Seretse Khama utawutsatsa bukhosi ngesikhatsi babe wakhe losakhulile ashona nga-1925. Khama uphindze atiwe ngekutsi ngu-Ian Khama kute ahlukanise yena nababe wakhe. Tshekedi Khama II, umnakabo-Ian Khama, wetsiwa ligama ngemuva kwamalume wabo, TshekediKhama lobekangumholi kanye nemnakekeli waSeretse Khama, umengameli wekucala waseBotswana.

## Imfundvo kanye nemsebenti wetemphi
Ian Khama wafundza eWaterford Kamhlaba, e-United World College eMbabane, kanye neRoyal Military Academy Sandhurst. Ungumshayeli wetindiza lonelikhono. Nga-Epreli 1977, Khama wakhetfwa njenge-Brigadier General aneminyaka lengu-24 budzala ngesikhatsi sekuba nguMengameli waMnumzane Seretse Khama, lokwamenta waba liSekela leMcondzisi weLisekela laMengameli Lt. Gen. [Imibhalo lengentansi] Ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi waba yi-Commander of the Botswana Defence Force (BDF) kusukela ngesikhatsi akhetfwa nga-1989, watsatsa umhlalaphansi kulesikhundla nga-1998. .

## Umsebenti wetembusave

Khama, lowasebenta njenge Commander of the Botswana Defence Force, wamemetela mhlaka 16 Disemba 1997 kutsi utawutsatsa umhlalaphansi kumhlaka 31 Mashi 1998. Ngenca yekutsi bekulilanga lelifanako nalelo laMengameli Quett Masire lahlose kutsatsa umhlalaphansi, kwabangela kucabanga ngetembusave ngaKhama. Ngenyanga yeNdlovu emnyakeni wa 1998, ngesikhatsi liSekela laMengameli Festus Mogae alandzela Masire njengeMengameli, Khama wakhetfwa njengeSekela la Mengameli lomusha. Nomakunjalo, Khama akazange abe nesihlalo kuSigungu saVelonkhe, ngako-ke bekangakhoni kutsatsa sikhundla sekuba liSekela laMengameli ngekushesha. Ekucaleni kwaJulayi 1998 wancoba lukhetfo lolulandzelako eSerowe North, watfola emavoti langu 2,986 kulamanye emavoti langu 86 alokhetfwa yi-Botswana National Front. NgaJulayi 13, wahlala esihlalweni sakhe ePhalamende yaVelonkhe futsi wafungelwa njengeSekela laMengameli. Ngaletinyatselo, walahla sikhundla sakhe sekuba yinkhosi, njengoba emakhosi aseBotswana avinjelwe ngekwemtsetfo kutsi angenele tepolitiki. Kungakhatsaliseki kutsi kunjalo, bantfu labanyenti baseBamangwato bachubeka bamemukela njengenkhosi yabo.

Ngemuva kwekuncoba kwe-Botswana Democratic Party (BDP) elukhetfweni lwanga-Okthoba 1999, Khama wahlala njengeSekela laMengameli kanye neNdvuna Yetindzaba teMengameli neKuphatsa kweMphakatsi. Mogae waniketa Khama liviki lemnyaka munye ngasekupheleni kwalowo mnyaka, sincumo lesasolwa licembu le-Botswana Congress Party kanye ne-Botswa Council of Non-Governmental Organizations. Ikhefu yaKhama yacala kusebenta ngo 2000. Wabuyela emsebentini wakhe njengeSekela laMengameli mhlaka 1 Inyoni 2000, nanobe atsatfwa sikhundla sekuba yiNdvuna yeTindzaba teMengameli kanye nekuphatsa sive ngaleso sikhatsi.

Khama, lobekavele alilunga leKomidi Lenkhulu ye-BDP, wakhetfwa njengesihlalo we-BDP ngo 2003 emhlanganweni welicembu; wancoba sihlalo wangaphambilini, Ponatshego Kedikilwe, watfola emavoti langu-512 kulamanye langu-219 e-Kedikilwe. Khama bekasekelwa nguMengameli Mogae, wavula indlela yekutsi Khama agcine atsatse sikhundla saMogae njengeMengameli.

Ngemnyaka wa 2007, Khama wavela kuthelevishini yaseBrithani eluhlelweni lwe-BBC lwe-Top Gear motoring, wahlangana netintsatseli ngesikhatsi balungiselela kwewela i-Makgadikgadi Pan enyakatfo yeBotswana ngemoto.

Nga-Ephreli 2022, Ian Khama wabitwa lijaji lelive lakhe. Lona lobekangumholi wembuso usolwa, emkhatsini waletinye tintfo, ngekuba nesibhamu ngalokungekho emtsetfweni. Lelicala lacala ngo 2016.

Ngenyanga yeNgongoni nga-2022, imvumo yekuboshwa kwaKhama yaniketwa ngesizatfu sekuphatsa tibhamu ngalokungekho emtsetfweni. Lesincumo saniketwa ngemuva kwekutsi angafuni kubitwa enkantolo ekucaleni kwalomnyaka.

## Umengameli

### Sikhatsi sesikhashana, 2008-2009
Mogae washiya sikhundla sakhe, njengobe bekasho sikhatsi lesidze kutsi utawenta, mhlaka 1 Apreli 2008; Khama wamlandzela waba nguMengameli. Emcimbini wakhe wekufunga eGaborone, Khama watsi kutawuba nekulandzelana kwenchubomgomo futsi kute "ingucuko lenkhulu", nanobe atsi "inguculo yesitayela kanye nekugcizelela lokukhulu etindzabeni letinyenti" kungabonakala, futsi wagcizelela kutinikela kwakhe ekubuseni ngentsandvo yelinyenti. Ngekushesha wenta lushintjo lolukhulu lweKhabhinethi, futsi wabeka Mompati Merafhe, lobekanguNdvuna yeTindzaba taNgaphandle, njengeSekela laMengameli lomusha. Ngemuva kwekuba nguMengameli, Khama washiya sikhundla sakhe sekuba ngusihlalo we-BDP; Daniel Kwelagobe wakhetfwa kutsi atsatse sikhundla saKhongolose. Khama akazange akhetfwe kutsi abe ngumengameli emnyakeni wakhe wekucala emsebentini, wakhetfwa ngenca yesikhundla sakhe sekuba lisekela laMengameli. [kucaciswa lokudzingekako] Labanye bakhulumeli betembusave labafana naKenneth Good babona liphutsa eluhlelweni lwekuvota eBotswana.

Mengameli Khama wacala waveta sifiso sakhe sekubeka 70% wemtselo wetjwala, lokuhloselwe kulwa nenkinga yekunatsa kakhulu eBotswana. Umphumela lofanele walomtselo ngekushesha wabonakala unemphumela lomubi embonini yekuphisa, lebeyimelana nekukhokhelwa kwalomtselo, kanye netindzawo tekunatsa kanye naletinye tindzawo tekunatsatsa. Ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi Mengameli wabeka 30% wemtselo ngemuva kwekubonisana nebaholi betimboni, kufaka ekhatsi i-Botswana Confederation of Commerce, Industry and Manpower. I-SAB Miller yatfola kumelwa kwe-British diplomatic kwetama kwehlisa umtselo.

Ngemnyaka wa-2008, i-The Media Practitioners Act yangeniswa emtsetfweni waseBotswana, futsi igcekwe ngekutsi ivimbela inkhululeko yekukhuluma ngetindlela letinyenti. Lulwimi lwalomtsetfosivivinyo lufuna kugcugcutela lizinga letintsatseli. Lomtsetfo ubonakele kutsi kulukhuni kuwuphocelela nobe kuwusebentisa.

Ngemnyaka wa 2009, Khama wavela ku-CNN's African Voices leyakhombisa sitfombe lesihle sa Khama, futsi yabitwa ngekutsi yi-Botswana "indzaba lephumelelako" yase-Afrika.

### Lukhetfo lwanga-2009
In the 2009 Botswana general election, Khama was elected to the first of two terms as president. Politically, Khama's election campaign was dominated by internal squabbling in the Botswana Democratic Party (BDP), which was clearly divided into two major factions, the A-Team and the Barata Phati factions. The A-Team was led by President Khama, Jacob Nkate, the former minister of education, and the late former vice president Mompati Merafhe. The Barata Phati faction was led by former BDP secretary general Daniel Kwelagobe, formerly the chairman of the party, the late Gomolemo Motswaledi, and also retired former vice president Ponatshego Kedikilwe, who wished to bring about constitutional reform not only to the BDP but also to the country's constitution. In the run-up to the 2009 elections, Motswaledi, who gave up on his ambition to run for a seat in Serowe in order to make way for Ian Khama's brother, Tshekedi Khama II, was also excluded from representing Gaborone when he ran afoul of President Khama. Motswaledi lost a law suit against Khama when the High Court ruled that the president enjoyed constitutional immunity from litigation by virtue of his position. After this incident, critics accused Khama of authoritarian tendencies; More than half of the BDP central Committee at one time felt that Khama had on many instances acted beyond his powers. Others, including Khama and his legal representation, said that he was simply instilling discipline as part of his role as the head of the party.

Khama watfola emavoti langu-53.26%, kanye netihlalo letinyenti ePhalamende yaVelonkhe.

### Sigaba sekucala, 2009-2014
Ngemuva kwelukhetfo lwanga-2009, Motswaledi waphuma ku-BDP wakha lelinye licembu lepolitiki, i-Botswana Movement for Democracy (BMD).

Khama wabeka imitsetfo yekuvimbela kutingela tindlovu nga-2014.

Kufa kwa John Kalifatis, lowafa ngesikhatsi seluphenyo lwekuphanga, kwenteka ekucaleni kwekubusa kwa Khama. Sitatimende semaphoyisa lesimayelana naKalifatis sifundzeka kanje: "Lona loshonile, John Kalafatis, bekanencwadzi yekumbopha leyakhishwa mhlaka 12 kuBhimbidvwane 2009 ngekweba ngesibhamu kanye nalabanye. Ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi, bekangumbaleki webulungiswa". Emaphoyisa labatsintsekako atsi ngephutsa bekakholelwa kutsi ufunana nesibhamu sakhe ngesikhatsi sekudubula. Letinye tincwadzi tiphikisana naloku, futsi titsi Kalafatis wabulawa ngemalunga eBotswana Defense Force. Emalunga lamatsatfu e-BDF labangela kufa kwaKalifatis atfolwa anelicala lekubulala, futsi ngamunye wagwetjwa iminyaka lengu-11 ejele. Batfola intsetselelo kuMengameli kuKhama nga-2012. Loku kwabonwa njengebufakazi kuletinye tintfo kutsi Khama bekatsintseka ekubulaweni. Umshushisi waKalifatis watsi: Yini lenshisekelo yakhe lekhetsekile kuletigebengu letitsite, singeke sisole kutsi unenshisekelo kulelicala?

### Lukhetfo lwanga-2014
Elukhetfweni lwanga-2014 eBotswana, Khama wancoba kwesibili. Licembu lakhe latfola emavoti langu-46.45%, kanye netihlalo letinyenti ePhalamende yaVelonkhe. Ngaphambi kwelukhetfo, Gomolemo Motswaledi, losopolitiki lophikisanako washona ekushayisaneni kwetimoto mhlaka 30 Kholwane 2014. Nanobe bekukhona kucagela kutsi lesentakalo besisuselwa kutembusave, emaphoyisa aphetsa ngekutsi kufa kwakhe bekuyingoti.

### Sigaba sesibili, 20142018
Ngemnyaka wa 2015, Khama waniketwa umklomelo we honorary doctorate ku political science kusuka e-Konkuk University eSouth Korea. Ngemuva kwekutfola le digri, ligama laKhama lelisemtsetfweni bekungu "Mengameli Lieutenant General Dr Seretse Khama Ian Khama".

## Imibono yetembusave
Khama watsatsa luhlangotsi lolucinile lwekumelana nahulumende waseZimbabwe, ikakhulukati Robert Mugabe. Wakwenta loko ngekutsi angavumi kuvuma hulumende ngaphandle kwekutsi afake emalunga e-Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) leholwa ngu-Morgan Tsvangarai.  Khama waphindze walahla sento saMengameli waseSudan Omar al-Bashir esifundzeni saseDarfur futsi wagceka bohulumende labamnyama e-Afrika kanye naMengameli Jakaya Kikwete waseTanzania kanye neMengameli Levy Mwanawasa waseZambia.

Khama ugcugcutelwe ngulabanye bantfu ngekwenta tincumo letimbi, kufaka ekhatsi lobekangumengameli Quett Masire, lowatsi i-BDP itsatfwe ngulabo labafuna kutfola ematfuba ekuzuza etikhundleni letiphakeme tahulumende.

Ngaphansi kwa Khama, hulumende uphindze wasungula i-Directorate of Intelligence and Security Services (DISS) lenemandla emaphoyisa, lebukeka njenge-Botswana lelinganako ne-Federal Bureau of Investigation eMelika. Nanobe loluhlobo lwenhlangano lungasilo luhlobo lolusha futsi lutfolakala emaveni lamanyenti, kunebantfu labaphikisako eBotswana labamangalela kutsi kunetinsongo letimbalwa tasekhaya nobe temhlaba wonkhe letingeke tikhone kubukana nemaphoyisa kanye nemasotja. Labanye, kufaka ekhatsi umcondzisi we-Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa, Siphosami Malunga, batsi lesikhungo, lebesicondziswa ngumngani lomkhulu waMengameli Khama, Issac Kgosi, singasetjentiswa kalula futsi sisetjentiswe ekulweni netitsa tepolitiki nobe labanye labamelene neMengameli nobe hulumende wakhe.

Endzabeni yetemnotfo, Khama bekangumlweli lomkhulu wekususa iBotswana ekutseni itsembele kakhulu emadayimane kanye nekwehlukahlukana kwemnotfo wayo, ikakhulukati kutekulima kanye nemkhakha wetekuvakasha.

Khama wabeka imitsetfo yekuvimbela kutingela tindlovu ngesikhatsi sakhe sekuba nguMengameli, waphindze wasekela imitamo yekulondvolota eBotswana. Ngemnyaka wa 2018, wagceka Mengameli Donald Trump ngekukhutsata kubulawa kwetindlovu ngalokungekho emtsetfweni.

Khama bekangumlweli lomkhulu wesimo sakhe sekunatsa tjwala, bekakutsatsa njengenkinga lenkhulu.

Ngekuchumana, watsatsa luhlangotsi lolucinile etindzabeni temalungelo ebantfu tase North Korea. Ngemuva kwekuncamula budlelwane ne North Korea ngemnyaka wa 2014 ngenca yekwephula emalungelo ebantfu, wachaza kuhlukunyetwa kwemalungelo ebantfu embusweni webachamuki 'kubi kakhulu kunetindzaba tebabaleki base-Afrika', ikakhulukati ngesikhatsi sendlala lenkhulu ngemnyaka wa-1990. Waniketa ingcoco ne-Yonhap News Agency ngesikhatsi avakashele e-Seoul, e-South Korea ngemnyaka wa-2015, agxeka baholi baseNyakatfo 'labaphila ngeNkathi yeLitje' futsi tento tabo tekulwa atiemukeleki.

## Kutsatsa umhlalaphansi
Nga-Ephreli 1, 2018, Mokgweetsi Masisi wafungelwa kutsi abe nguMengameli wesihlanu waseBotswana, alandzela Ian Khama kanye neminyaka lelishumi yekubusa kwakhe. Ngemuva kwekungavumelani lokunyenti naMasisi, ikakhulukati kugceka Masisi ngekutsandza kwebantfu, Khama wancuma kushiya i-BDP wajoyina i-Botswana Patriotic Front (BPF), lebeyisandza kwakhiwa lebeyihlukana ne-BDP. Wakhankhasela i-BPF, leyatfola tihlalo letintsatfu elukhetfweni lwango 2019 endzaweni yaseSerowe.

Ngo 2018, ngemuva kwekushiya sikhundla sakhe sekuba ngumengameli, Khama waba lilunga leBhodi yebacondzisi benhlangano yaseMelika i-Conservation International, lephindze isebente eBotswana.

Ngenyanga yeNgongoni ngo 2022 inkantolo yaseBotswana yakhipha imvumo yekubopha Khama ngekuba netibhamu letisihlanu letingekho emtsetfweni ngemuva kwekuhluleka kwakhe kubonakala enkantolo. Sekukonke ubhekene nemacala langu-14.

## Kuhlonishwa kanye nemiklomelo

## Imibhalo lebhalwe phansi

## Ema-link langaphandle

* Media related to Ian Khama at Wikimedia Commons