Lusha Nemzabalazo Wenkhululeko Yavelonkhe

**Lusha nemzabalazo** wankhululeko yavelonkhe. Kuhlanganyela kwebantfu labasha kulomzabalazo wekukhululwa kwacala ngemuva kwekuphakama kwebafundzi nga nhlaba 16, 1976. Ngaphambi kwekusungulwa kwe African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) nga 1944, bantfu labasha bebabambe lichaza emikhankasweni leminyenti yetepolitiki lebeyiphendvula tinyatselo nemitsetfo lebeyitsintsa bantfu labamnyama. Ngemnyaka wa 1920, Licembu LemaKhomanisi eNingizimu Afrika (CPSA) beselivele linaloluphiko lwelusha.

Bantfu labasha bacala kungenela tepolitiki basesebancane. Emacembu lamanyenti etepolitiki lasungulwa ngasekupheleni kwelikhulu lesi-19 kanye nasekucaleni kwelikhulu lesi-20 leminyaka bekakhiwa bantfu beminyaka leyehlukahlukene. Letinye tetintfo letibaluleke kakhulu bekubantfu labasebasha. Gandhi bekaneminyaka lengu-24 kuphela budzala ngalesikhatsi asita ekusunguleni i-Natal Indian Congress futsi waba ngumabhalane wayo wekucala. Ngalokunjalo, Sol Plaatje kanye naPixley ka Seme batsatsa tikhundla tebuholi ku South African Native National Congress ngesikhatsi basesemncane. Dokotela Abdullah Abdurahman wangenela tembusave ngaphambi kwekutsi abe ngumuntfu wekucala longumuntfu lomnyama lokhetfwe kuba lilunga leKhansela lelidolobha laseKapa, nga-1903, aneminyaka lengu-34 budzala.

Lesitukulwane sebaholi labasebasha kusukela ngemnyaka wa-1930 saphakama saphindze salawula imphilo yetfu yetepolitiki iminyaka lengetulu kwemashumi lasitfupha kufaka ekhatsi Peter Mda, Anton Lembede, Yusuf Dadoo, Joe Slovo, Oliver Tambo, Albertina Sisusu, Walter Sisulu, Nelson Mandela, Ray Alexandra, Lilian Ngoyi, IB Tabata, naRobert Sobukwe. Bagucula simo sekulwela inkhululeko yesive.Balandzelwa ngeminyaka ya 1970 baholi labafana na Steve Biko na Rick Turner, lokwaphefumulela tinkhulungwane tebantfu labasha labadlala indzima lematima etitelekeni tase Durban nga 1973 kanye nekuhlukumeteka kwebafundzi nga 1976, tintfo letaletsa tingucuko letaholela enkhululekweni.

Kuvela kwebantfu labasha kulesikhundla sekuba baholi kutepolitiki kwenteka ngenca yemfundvo. Bantfu labanyenti labasha batfola imfundvo, kantsi batali babo kungenteka kutsi bebaphila esikhatsini lapho imfundvo beyingabhekwa njengentfo lebalulekile kute umuntfu aphile imphilo lenhle. Ngako-ke kubalulekile kutsi baholi labanyenti labatiwako beANC, iAfrican People's Organisation (APO) kanye neNatal kanye neTransvaal Indian Congress bebangemashumi lamabili kuya kumashumi lamatsatfu ngesikhatsi batsatsa tikhundla tebuholi etinhlanganweni tabo.

### '''1976 -''' '''Inhlaba 16'''
Sikhatsi seminyaka yabo-1970 saba sikhatsi sekugucuka kutepolitiki yelusha eNingizimu Afrika. Inhlangano yebafundzi baseNingizimu Afrika (SASO) beyibutsanela kusekela kusuka ekhampasi kuya ekhampasi. Imisebenti yabo beyiya ngekuba yinkhulu kakhulu futsi beyiphikisana ngalokusuka enhlitiyweni nelubandlululo kanye nekubusa kwebantfu labamhlophe. I-SASO yatsatsa umlayeto wayo wetembusave yaya nawo etikolweni letiphakeme. Nomakunjalo, bekusolo kuyindlela lecondzile, ngenhloso lelinganiselwe yekulungiselela bafundzi labasha kutsi bahole emmangweni webantfu labamnyama. Nomakunjalo, lesimo selitulu besicondzene netembusave tekuphikisana netindlela kanye netinchubomgomo lebetitama kucinisa kucindzeteleka kwebantfu labamnyama.

Ngemnyaka wa 1972 iBlack People's Convention (BPC) yasungulwa kwentela kuhlanganisa bantfu labamnyama kanye nekutfutfukisa imfundziso ye Black Consciousness, kwengeta ku SASO lebeyicondziswe kubafundzi. Emadolobha lamanyenti kulelive abekhula ngebunyenti bebafundzi kanye netikolo. Loku bekusho kutsi lusha lolusemadolobheni belugcugcutela kakhulu etikolweni kantsi netinhlangano telusha beseticala kufinyelela etindzaweni letinkhulu.Nga-1974 Inhlangano Yebafundzi baseNingizimu Afrika (SASM) yasungulwa. I-SASM itsatfwa njengentfo leyentiwe yiBlack Consciousness Movement (BCM), kepha kwabonwa kutsi labanye baholi bebabese bayatsintseka ngekusebenta kwe-ANC. Murphy Morobe, Billy Masetlha kanye nalabanye baholi labahloniphekile bebafundziswa lisiko le Congress ngu Joe Gqabi. Kuvukela kwa-1976 kwaphakamisa kucaphela kwebafundzi ngetepolitiki kwaphindze kwaletsa umcondvo lomusha wekutitsatsela sincumo kanye nekutikhetsela emkhatsini webantfu labasha, kwabakhutsata kutsi bagucule indzawo yabo, netikolo njengendzawo yabo yekucala. Nomakunjalo, lomkhankaso wawugcine eSoweto, ngaphandle kwemitamo lecinile yekwakha umtimba wavelonkhe.

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