open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Mueda, Sikhumbuto sekufa kwase Mueda

i**Mueda, Memória e Massacre ( Mueda, Sikhumbuto sekufa kwase Mueda)** lifilimu laseMozambique lelentiwa ngemnyaka wa-1979 lecondziswa ngu Ruy Guerra kantsi litsatfwa njengefilimi yekucala laseveni lase Mozambiki. Lelifilimu libonisa umbukiso wemnyaka we-Mueda Massacre yanga-1960 lowashiya bantfu labangetulu kwa-600 lababhikishako.

## Umlandvo
Lelifilimu liveta kudlalwa kabusha kwe-1960 Mueda Massacre leyadlaliswa badlali labamnyama baseMakonde labavela eMueda labaphindze badlalwe embikwebantfu kusukela batfola inkhululeko nga-1975. Lokubulawa kwebantfu kwaba yimbangela yekucala kweMozambican War of Independence kanye nekwakhiwa kwe FRELIMO.

## iPloti
Licembu lebantfu baseMozambique lebebatfunjiwe labavela eTanganyika bewela umncele bacele umphatsi wasePortugal kutsi atfole inkhululeko. Ngemuva kwekufika kwemacembu lamatsatfu futsi ngamunye afuna inkhululeko, umphatsi uyavuma kucatulula tikhalo tawo endzaweni yemphakatsi phambi kwaNdvunankhulu wesifundza. Sicumbi lesikhulu sebantfu sahlangana futsi Ndvunankhulu wala sicelo sekukhululeka ngesikhatsi abopha lababili labatfunjiwe, Faustino Vamomba na Mateus Waduvani, wase ubacosha ngemabhayisikili. Sicumbi sebantfu sibhikisha futsi setama kuvimbela i-jeep kutsi ingasuki ngaphambi kwekutsi emasotja adubule lesicumbi.

## Badlali

* Filipe Gumoguacala njengobe Cometeiro Cassimuca
* Romao Comapoquele njengobe Faustino Vamomba
* Baltazar Nchulema njengobe Tac TaC Mandusse
* Mauricio Machimbuco Njenge-Imterprete
* Alfredo Mtapumsunji njengeMcondzisi
* Cassiamo Camilio Aspirante
* Antonio Jumba as Cabo dos Cipauos

## Ema-credits

* Umcondzisi: Ruy Guerra
* Bakhiciti labakhulu: Jacques Schwarztein, Camilo de Sousa
* Titfombe: Ruy Guerra, Fernando Silva
* Basiti belikhamera: Fernando Silva, Isac Sodas
* Kuhlela: Ruy Guerra
* Basiti bebahumushi: Mario Felix, Moina Forjay, Fernando Silva, Jax, Jose Cabral, Emoque Mate
* Umcondzisi we-Sound: Valente Dimande, Gabriel Mondlande
* Kuhlanganisa: Ron Hallis
* Umcondzisi we-Drama: Calisto dos Lagos
* Umbhalo longentasi: Licinio de Azevedo, Roxo Leao
* Emahumusho: Joao Jonas, Victor Simba
* Sitfombe: Jose Cabral
* Kwembuleka: Pedro Pimenta
* Emakhadi: Carlos Silva
* Kutfutfukiswa kwesitfombe: Edgar Mousa, Antonio Tembe
* Incenye Lenkhulu: J. Bai Bai
* Sitfombe: D.N.P.
* Bufakazi: Faustimo Vanomba, Mutchamu Tumula, Saide Namuolo, Cristimo Maumda, Baltazar Nchulema, Ernesto TchipaKalia

## Imiklomelo
Lefilimu lawina imiklomelo emicimbini yemafilimini lehlukahlukene lefaka ekhatsi:

* Umkhosi Wemafilimu waseTashkent, 1980
* Umkhosi Wemafilimu Wetive WaseBerlin, 1981
* Umkhosi Wemafilimu Wetive WaseLocarno, 1980

## Imibhalo lebhalwe phansi

## Ema-link langaphandle

* Mueda, Memória e Massacre at IMDb
* Mueda, Memória e Massacre at Rotten Tomatoes
* Entire film on YouTube
Harry Gwala

**Harry Themba Gwala** (July 30, 1920 - 20 June 1995) bekangumholi we African National Congress (ANC) kanye ne South African Communist Party (SACP) eNingizimu Afrika.

## Umlandvo Wekuphila

### Umsebenti wakhe wekucala
Gwala wafundzela kuba nguthishela e-Adams College waphindze wafundzisa eSlangspruit lapho khona bafundzi bakhe bebafaka ekhatsi Moses Mabhida. Ngo-1942, Gwala wajoyina licembu lemaKhomanisi laseNingizimu Afrika, kwatsi nga-1944 wahlanganyela ne-ANC, wase ungena enhlanganweni yetinyonyane temakhemikhali, tekwakha, kanye netimboni te-rubber. Bekangulomunye wabahleli beluhlelo lwekuhlala lwavelonkhe nga-1950, futsi wavalwa ngaphansi kweMtsetfo weKucindzetela kweBukhomanisi.

### Kuboshwa
Kusukela ngemnyaka wa 1960, Gwala bekangenele i-ANC. Ngemnyaka wa-1964, waboshelwa eRobben Island ngetizatfu tebuphekulaskuni kanye nekujoyinisa  bantfu Umkhonto we Sizwe. Wakhululwa nga-1972, ngemuva kweminyaka lesiphohlongo, kepha wabese uya ePietermaritzburg ngesincumo sekuvimbela. Lapho, wasungula ibhizinisi lekucokelela timphahla tekuhlanta timphetfu njengendlela yekuvikela umsebenti lochubekako we-ANC, waphindze wetama kuvuselela i-South African Congress of Trade Unions. Nga-1975, Gwala waphindze waboshwa, kuloku wagwetjwa kuphila kwakhe konkhe ejele ngaphansi kweMtsetfo weBuphekula. Ngesikhatsi ase Robben Island, Gwala wafundzisa letinye tiboshwa ngemfundziso yetembusave. Ngemnyaka wa 1995, Nelson Mandela wakhumbula,

## Tinkomba
Indlela ye-Sompisi

**Ndlela kaSompisi** (wafa nga 1840) bekangumholi lomkhulu weMakhosi akaZulu Shaka kanye neDingane. Watiwa kakhulu njemholi lowasebenta kahle ngaphansi kwaShaka. Dingane wambeka kutsi abe ngumeluleki wakhe lomkhulu. Bekaphindze abe ngumphatsi lomkhulu wemabutfo aDingane. Nomakunjalo, kwehluleka kwa Ndlela kuncoba emaBhunu ngaphansi kwa-Andries Pretorius kanye nekuvukela Dingane kwaholela ekubulaweni kwakhe.Loku kwamenta wehluleka emehlweni ebantfu bakubo.
Cetshwayo

**Cetshwayo kaMpande** ( c1826 - 8 February 1884) bekayinkhosi yeMbuso wemaZulu kusukela nga 1873 kuya ku 1879 kanye neMholi wawo Lomkhulu ngesikhatsi seMphi yema-Anglo-Zulu yanga-1879. Ligama lakhe lihunyushwe ngekutsi yi-Cetawayo. Cetshwayo wachubeka amelana nemphi futsi wafuna kwenta kuthula nemaBritish, futsi wehlulwa waphindze watfunjwa ngemuva kwekwehlulwa kwemaZulu kulemphi. Ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi wavunyelwa kutsi abuyele eZululand, lapho ashona khona nga-1884.
Mzwanele Manyi

**Mzwanele Jimmy Manyi** ( 20 Januwari 1964) ungusopolitiki wase Ningizimu Afrika, somabhizinisi, mchumanisi wetekuchumana, kantsi bekabuye abe sisebenti sahulumende. Bekangumkhulumeli losemtsetfweni waMengameli wangaphambilini Jacob Zuma kanye ne-Jacob G. Zoma Foundation kusukela nga-2021. Emkhatsini waFebhuwari 2011 kuya ku-Agasti 2012, bekangumkhulumeli losemtsetfweni wahulumende wase Ningizimu Afrika futsi angumholi we-Government Communication and Information System (GCIS).

Ngaphambi kwekutsi angene kuhulumende nga-2009, Manyi bekasebenta emkhakheni wetinkampani lokufaka phakatsi ebhange nasetinkampanini te-blue-chip. Ngaleso sikhatsi, waphakama esikhundleni waba ngummeli lowatiwako wekuniketa emandla kutemnotfo webantfu labamnyama i BEE, usihlalo we-Commission for Employment Equity, kanye nemengameli we Black Management Forum. Sikhatsi sakhe kulesikhundla, kusukela nga-2006 kuya ku-2012, sahlangana nemsebenti wakhe kuhulumende, futsi kwaholela ekutseni ngemnyaka wa-2011 kutfolakale kutsi Manyi wehlulekile kulawula lokuphikisana lokwaba khona.

## Imphilo yakhe
Manyi bekatiwa ngaJimmy kwate kwaba ngumnyaka wa 2015, lapho acala kubitwa ngekutsi nguMzwanele. Ngekusho kwaManyi, wancuma kwenta lolushintjo ngesikhatsi sekubhikisha kwe-Rhodes Must Fall nga-2015, ngelilanga lelifanako lapho sitfombe sa-Cecil Rhodes sabhidlitwa khona eNyuvesi yase Cape Town. Nyalo ulahla leligama ngenhlitiyo yonkhe, njengentfo yekwehlukana nemakholonisi, kantsi waphindze watjela i-Sunday Times nga-2017 ngalesincumo:
Dinuzulu

**Dinuzulu kaCetshwayo** (c. 1868 ̊ -18 October 1913) bekayinkhosi yesive semaZulu kusukela mhlaka 20 Inkhwenkhweti 1884 kwate kwaba sekufeni kwakhe ngemnyaka wa 1913.
Walandzela babe wakhe Cetshwayo, lobekayinkhosi yekugcina yemaZulu leyatfolwa ngalokusemtsetfweni ngemaNgisi. I-Zululand yahlukaniswa yaba tindzawo letincane letilishumi nakutsatfu nguhulumende waseBrithani ngemuva kweMphi ye-Anglo-Zulu, letinye tato tanikwaCetshwayo, kwatsi ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi Dinuzulu kwaba nguye umphatsi ngemuva kwekufa kwababe wakhe. Ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi emaBritish abona kutsi angeke aphumelele kwehlukanisa i-Zululand ibe ngemave futsi abuyisela Cetshwayo njengemholi lomkhulu waletindzawo. Nomakunjalo, bashiya lomunye wetihlobo taCetshwayo, Usibepu (Zibhebhu), ayedvwa netindzawo takhe. NgaJulayi 22, 1883, Usibepu wahlasela sigodlo lesisha saCetshwayo e-Ulundi, walimala inkhosi futsi wamenta wabaleka.

## Kuvukela kweBambatha
Ngemnyaka wa-1906 kwacala kuvukela lokutsiwa yiBambatha. Ngemuva kwekucedza kuvukela, Dinuzulu wamangalelwa ngekuniketa umyalo kuBambatha kutsi acale kuvuka umbuso kantsi wabekwa licala lekuvukela umbuso . Nanobe angamange alivuma lelicala, watfolakala anelicala futsi wagwetjwa iminyaka lemine ejele ngenyanga yeNdlovu, ngo1908.

Ngemuva kweminyaka lemibili umngani wakhe lomdzala, Jenene Louis Botha, waba nguNdvunankhulu we-Union of South Africa. Botha wakhipha umyalo wekutsi Dinuzulu akhululwe ayiswe epulazini lase *Uitkyk* eTransvaal, lapho ashona khona mhlaka 18 Imphala 1913 aneminyaka lengu 44 nobe 45.  Ngemuva kwemngcwabo wembuso, wangcwatjwa eNobamba eSigodzini saseKhosini (31°16'E; 28°26'S), lesise-Upper White Umfolozi.

Walandzelwa yindvodzana yakhe Solomon kaDinuzulu.
Terminator 2: Judgment Day

***Terminator 2***: **Judgment Day** lifilimu laseMelika letinganekwane tesayensi yango-1991 leyacondziswa nguJames Cameron, lowabhala luhlelo kanye naWilliam Wisher. Badlali labasembili kulelifilimu bafaka phakatsi Arnold Schwarzenegger, Linda Hamilton, Robert Patrick, kanye na-Edward Furlong, ingumlandvo we-The Terminator (1984) futsi ingumdlalo wesibili we-Terminator franchise. Kulelifilimu, i-artificial intelligence Skynet itfumela i-Terminator - umshini wekubulala lophucukile - emuva ngesikhatsi sa-1995 kute kubulawe umholi wesikhatsi lesitako we-human resistance John Connor, ngesikhatsi asengumntfwana. Lokuphikisa kutfumela emuva i-Terminator lengasekho kahle, lehlelwe kabusha kute ivikele Connor iphindze icinisekise likusasa lebantfu.

*I-Terminator 2* yatfola tigidzi letingu-$519-520.9, lokwenta kutsi kube lifilimu lelenta imali lenyenti ngo-1991 emhlabeni wonkhe, kantsi libe lifilimu lesitsatfu lelakhicita imali lenyenti ngalowo mnyaka. Tati ngemafilimu tancoma lelifilimu ngebuciko balo ekusebentiseni isayensi, tintfo letenteka kanye nalabo labadlala indzima, ikakhulukati indlela Patrick lasebenta ngayo njenge-T-1000 njengemuntfu lomubi kakhulu, kantsi labo labahlolisisa bebabuke ebudloveni balefilimu. *I-Terminator 2* yawina imiklomelo leminyenti, kufaka ekhatsi i-Saturn, i-BAFTA, kanye nemiklomelo ye-Academy. Imikhicito ye-Terminator 2 ifaka ekhatsi imidlalo ye-video, tincwadzi temahlaya, tincwadzi, kanye ne-T2-3D: Battle Across Time, lokukhanga bantfu.

*I-Terminator 2* itsatfwa njengalenye yemafilimu lamahle kakhulu lake akhiwa, futsi ingulenye yemafilimi lamahle kakhulu esayensi yetinganekwane, ema-action, kanye nemafilimu lalingana nobe lancono kuna-The Terminator. Iphindze ibukwe njengalenye yemafilimu lanemtselela lomkhulu kunawo onkhe, kucalisa ingucuko kusuka ku-practical effects kuya ku-depth ku-computer-generated images. Nanobe Cameron bekahlose kutsi *i-Terminator 2* ibe siphetfo salomdlalo, kwalandzelwa luhlelo lolulandzelako, kufaka ekhatsi *i-Tereminator 3*: Rise of the Machines (2003), i-Teriminator Salvation (2009), i-Terminator Genisys (2015), kanye ne-Terminador: Dark Fate (2019), kanye neluhlelo lwethelevishini lwanga-2008.
Arnold Schwarzenegger

**Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger** ( 1947) ungumdlali wase-Austria kanye naseMelika, usomabhizinisi, umdlali wemafilimu, sopolitiki, kanye nemdlali wemtimba losatsetse umhlalaphansi lowatiwa kakhulu ngendzima yakhe kumafilimu lanemandla. Bekaphetse hulumede wesi-38 waseCalifornia kusukela nga-2003 kuya ku-2011 futsi bekangulomunye webantfu labangu-100 labanethonya lelikhulu emhlabeni wonkhe nga-2004 na-2007.
Lojiba Simelane

**Lojiba Simelane** bekayindlovukazi yaseSwatini kusukela nga-1836 ngemuva kwekufa kwaSobhuza I kwate kwaba ngu-1840 ngesikhatsi iNkhosi Mswati II iba yinkhosi. Indvodzana yaLojiba Simelani yekucala, inkhosana, Sononde, beyisemncane ngesikhatsi sekushona kwababe wakhe. INkhosi Mswati II yentiwa inkhosi ngenca yaleso sizatfu. Sononde kanye namake wakhe bavukela umbuso yaseSwati futsi ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi bacoshwa Eswatini.

## Tinkoma
Mswati II

**INkhosi Mswati II** (Watalwa:1820-Washona:1868), lephindze yatiwe nga **Mswati** kanye na **Mavuso III**, bekayinkosi yasEswatini emkhatsini wa 1850 na 1868. Bekaphindze abe ligama lelisemtsetfweni lase Eswatini. Mswati utsatfwa njengalomunye wemakhosi laphikisako ase-Eswatini.
Tsandzile Ndwandwe

**Tsandzile Ndwandwe**, lophindze atiwe ngaLaZidze (indvodzakati yaZidze), bekanguNdlovukati nobe indlovukazi lenkhulu yaseSwaziland kusukela ngaJuly 1868 kuya kuJune 1875. 

Bekayindvodzakati ya Zwide kaLanga, umfati lomdzala wa Sobhuza I wase Swaziland, kanye namake wa Mswati II wase Swazilandi.

## Tinkomba
Sive sakaKhumalo

**Sive sakaKhumalo** sive sase-Afrika lesisuka enyakatfo yeKwaZulu, eNingizimu Afrika. Sive sakaKhumalo siyincenye yelicembu lemaZulu nemaNguni latiwa ngekutsi ngemaMntungwa. Letinye tifaka ekhatsi i-Blose ne-Mabaso kanye ne-Zikode, letisemkhatsini we-Ndwandwe ne-Mthethwa. Inkhulumo yabo ledvume kakhulu bekungu-Mzilikazi kanye na-Mbulazi, umuntfu lonemandla ku-simplecane, kanye nemsunguli wesive saseNyakatfo yeNdebele.
I-Mfecane

**I-Mfecane** bekusikhatsi sempi emlandvweni sekungevani lokukhulu kwemphi kanye nekutfutsela lokuhambisana nekwakhiwa kwembuso kanye nekwandza eNingizimu ye-Afrika. Lempi yenteka emkhatsini weminyaka yabo 1810 kuya ku 1840. Lomcondvo wavela kwekucala ngemnyaka wa 1830 futsi wasola lokuphazamisa ngetento ta Shaka Zulu, lobekatsatfwa ngekutsi bekalwile timphi leticishe tibe yincenye yebantfu kulelive futsi kwabangela kutsi kube neludlame njengoba emacembu lababaleka afuna kuncoba emave lamasha. Kusukela ngasekupheleni kwelikhulu leminyaka lema-20 lenchazelo ayisasetjentiswa tati ngenca yekushoda kwebufakazi bemlandvo.
Sigujana

**Sigujana kaSenzangakhona** (wafa nga-1816) bekangumholi wemaZulu ngemnyaka wa-1816. Bekayindvodzana yaSenzangakhona kaJama kantsi angumnakabo Dingane kaSenzanghona kanye naShaka kaSenzagakhona. Watsatsa sikhundla seyise ngeminyaka yabo-1816. Make wakhe bekungu Bhibhi kaSompisi. Ngekushesha ngemuva kwekuba yinkhosi, wabulawa ngumnakabo ngemtali munye, Shaka. Kuphikisana ngekutsi ngabe Shaka wambulala, nobe Shaka naye wambulala Sigujana ngekumgwaza. Lusuku lwakhe lwekutalwa alwatiwa, kepha washona ngemnyaka wa 1816, ngekushesha ngemuva kwekutsi abe yinkhosi.

## Tinkomba
Sobhuza I

**Sobhuza I** (lophindze atiwe nga **Ngwane IV**, Kumbe **Somhlolo**) ( watalwa ngabo 1788-1850) bekayinkhosi yase Eswatini, kusukela nga 1815 kuya ku 1850.  Babe wakhe bekuyiNkhosi Ndvungunye, kantsi make wakhe bekungu Somnjalose Simelane.  Wabitwa ngekutsi nguSomhlolo, ngobe ngesikhatsi atalwa babe wakhe, Ndvungunye, washaywa wabulawa ngumbane welitulu.  Ngesikhatsi Sobhuza ayinkhosi, Lojiba Simelane, esikhundleni samake wakhe, Somnjalose bekanguNdlovukazi ngobe Somnjaloke bekangumakoti nobe umakoti losekela Lojiba. Somhlolo yinkhosi lehlonishwa kakhulu yase Eswatini. Waba nenhlokodolobha yakhe yekucala yase Zombodze esifundzeni sase Shiselweni, kepha wayitfumela enyakatfo eZombodze lensha lese Eswatini. EmaSwazi agubha Lusuku lweSomhlolo njalo mhlaka 6 Inyoni njengeLusuku LweNkhululeko futsi inkundla yavelonkhe ibitwa ngekutsi yiSomhlolo Stadium. Sobhuza walandzelwa yindvodzana yakhe Mswati II kanye nemkakhe Tsandzile Ndwandwe njengeNdlovukazi ngemuva kwekubusa sikhashana kweNdlovukazi Lojiba Simelane. Sobhuza ngesikhatsi sekushona kwakhe bekancobe live lebelitsi lifika nalamuhla eBarberton ngasenyakatfo, eCarolina ngasenshonalanga, eMfuleni wePongola ngaseningizimu kanye nasetintsabeni taseLubombo ngasemphumalanga.

## Imphilo yakamuva
Sobhuza wekucala wakhotsama ngemnyaka wa 1850 kantsi yangcwatjwa endzaweni yekungcwatjwa yasebukhosini eMbilaneni. Sobhuza washiya indvodzana yakhe Mswati II live lebelitsi lifika ku Barberton ngasenyakatfo, Carolina ngasenshonalanga, Pongola River ngaseningizimu kanye ne Lubombo Mountains ngasemphumalanga, lokukhulu kunaloku lokukhona lamuhla e-Eswatini. Emacembu lancotjwa ngaphambi nangesikhatsi sekubusa kwaSobhuza abitwa ngekutsi yi-Emakhandzambili.
Ndvungunye

**Ndvungunye** (lowatiwa nangekutsi ngu **Zikodze** (Zwane), **Mavuso II**) bekayinkhosi yasEswatini kusukela nga 1780 kwate kwaba sekufeni kwakhe nga 1815 ngemuva kwekulandzela babe wakhe, iNkhosi Ngwane III ngemuva kwekubusa kwesikhashana kwa Ndlovukati LaYaka Ndwandwe. Kuncane kakhulu lokubhalwe ngebuholi bekubusa kwakhe. Ndvungunye wakha indlu yakhe noma Sigodlo eceleni kwe Mhlosheni eceleni temagcuma aseMhlosheni eShiseleni, eningizimu mpumalanga yeSwatini eceleni kweZombodze, lapho babe wakhe Ngwane bekahlala khona ngesikhatsi sekubusa kwakhe. Kubusa kwakhe kwaba sikhatsi sekukhula kanye nekucinisa lokwavalwa yindvodzana yakhe iNkhosi Sobhuza wekucala. Tindzawo tekuhlala tase Shiselweni letasungulwa ngaphansi kwekubusa kwakhe letatibeka ngaphansi kwekunakekela kwendvuna yakhe Sukumbili Mbokane bekungeke kunikete sisekelo lesicinile sesimo sesikhatsi lesitako semaSwazi njengoba kukhonjiswe ngekuhlaselwa kweSobhuza ngemuva kwekufa kwakhe kwebaholi baseNdwandwe. Ndvungunye washona ngemnyaka wa 1815 ngemuva kwekushaywa ngumbane. Ndvungunye bekashade na Lojiba Simelane kanye na Somnjalose Simelane. Nguye lowatfola indvodzana yakhe Sobhuza I. Lojiba waba ngunina weNdlovukazi njengoba bekangudzadzewabo Somnjalose lomdzala. Sobhuza I waba yinkhosi ngemnyaka wa 1815 ngemuva kwekubusa kweNdlovukazi Lomvula Mndzebele.
Henry Francis Fynn

**Henry Francis Fynn** (1803) bekangumtsengisi waseNgilandi. Bekangulomunye webantfu bekucala baseYuropu labahlangana na Shaka Zulu. Fynn, Coenraad De Buys, John Dunn kanye na Nathaniel Isaacs bebangulabanye bebantfu labadvumile baseNingizimu Afrika lababitwa ngekutsi yi White Chiefs.

## Imphilo yakhe
Ngesikhatsi asePort Natal, Fynn watsatsa bafati labane labamnyama waba nebantfwana labalishumi nakubili. Umfati wakhe lomkhulu bekungu-Princess Mavundlase. Kutsiwa waba yinkhosi ngemuva kwekufa kwakhe. Indvodzana yaFynn nemfati lomncane, naye lobitwa ngekutsi nguHenry Francis Fynn, wafundza eSt. Andrew's College, Grahamstown ngemnyaka wa 1858 na 1859.[4]

Eminyakeni lembalwa ngemuva kwekubuyela eKapa, ngo-1841, washada nemfati waseYurophu, Christina Brown, lowaba nendvodzana, Henry Francis Fynn Junior, nga-1846 .

Fynn washona eThekwini ngenyanga yeNyoni nga-1861.
Umfula iTugela

**Umfula iTugela** ngumfula lomkhulu eSifundzeni saKwaZulu-Natal, eNingizimu Afrika. Inelinani lelingemakhilomitha langu-531 (330 mi), ingulenye yemifula lebaluleke kakhulu kulelive.
Umfula iMooi (Tugela)

**Umfula iMooi** ngumfula losesifundzeni saseKwaZulu-Natal, eNingizimu Afrika. Ivela eMkomazi Nature Reserve etintsabeni tase Drakensberg, bese igeleta iye eMfuleni iTugela eceleni kweMuden. Lidolobha leMfula iMooi lisemfuleni.

## Ligama
Leligama lisuselwa elulwimini lwemaDutch lelitsi Mooirivier, lokuchaza kutsi *umfula lomuhle*, njengoba wabitwa ngema Voortrekkers emkhatsini we-19th century. Ligama lemfula lesiZulu, Mpofana, lisho kutsi 'indzawo lencane'.

## Buka futsi

* Umfula iMooi (lidolobha)
* Umfula iTugela

## Ema-link langaphandle

* Litiko Letindzaba Temanti Netemahlatsi Lwati lwendzaba ye-Mooi-Mgeni Transfer Scheme Phase II
Umfula iMooi (lidolobha)

**Umfula iMooi** (ngesibhunu: Mooirivier) lidolobha lelincane lelibitwa ngeligama lwemfula lelisetulu ngemamitha langu 1,389 ngetulu kwelwandle futsi likhilomitha langu 160 kusuka elugwini lwase KwaZulu-Natal, eNingizimu Afrika. Bantfu bekucala baseYurophu labahlala kulendzawo bebakhona eMfuleni iMooi Drift ngemnyaka wa 1852. Loku kwabitwa ngekutsi yi-Weston ngemnyaka wa-1866 ngemuva kwaMartin West, lobekangumbusi wekucala waseNatal.
Mbali Frazer

**Mbalenhle Cleopatra Frazer**, lowatiwa ngekutsi ngu **Mbali Frazer**, ungusopolitiki wase Ningizimu Afrika kantsi bekanguthishela futsi alilunga le-KwaZulu-Natal le-Executive Council (MEC) yeMfundvo kusukela ngo-Agasti 2022. Usebente ku-KwaZulu-Natal Legislature njenge-African National Congress kusukela nga-2014.

## Umsebenti wakhe
Frazer bekanguthishela futsi angumlweli wenyonyane yetisebenti. Ngemnyaka wa 2014, Frazer wakhetfwa kutsi abe lilunga leSigungu Lesishayamtsetfo sakaKwaZulu-Natal emathikithini e-African National Congress. Ulilunga lelisetulu le-African National Congress Women's League leseKwaZulu-Natal. Frazer wasekela umkhankaso waNkosazana Dlamini-Zuma wekuba ngumengameli we-ANC ngemnyaka wa-2017. Waphindze wakhetfwa kutsi abe lilunga lesishayamtsetfo sesifundza ngemnyaka wa 2019 wase ukhetfwa kutsi ube ngusihlalo wekomidi yemisebenti yemphakatsi.

## Tinkomba
Moses Mabhida

**Moses Mncane Mbheki Mabhida** (11 October 1923 - 8 March 1986) bekangusopolitiki wase Ningizimu Afrika. Mabhida bekangumholi welicembu lemaKhomanisi laseNingizimu Afrika kusukela ngo-1978 kwate kwaba sekufeni kwakhe nga-1986.
Pixley ka Isaka Seme

**Pixley ka Isaka Seme** (c. 1881 - June 1951) bekangummeli wase Ningizimu Afrika aphindze abe ngumsunguli kanye neMengameli we African National Congress.

## Imphilo yakhe yasebuntfwaneni
Seme bekayindvodzana yesine yaSinono Kuwana Seme eThekwini, endzaweni lebeyibitwa ngekutsi yiKoloni yaseNatal, esiteshini semishini saseNanda se-American Zulu Mission ye-American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. Waphotfula e-Mount Hermon School, MA, ngemnyaka wa-1902 (nyalo lese Northfield Mount Hermon School). Wafundza e-Adams College lebeyiyincenye yemsebenti.

## Tinkomba

* Bryant, A. T. ([1929] 1965).  *Olden Times in Zululand and Natal*.  Cape Town: C. Struik
* Smith, Edwin W. (1952). *The Life and Times of Daniel Lindley, Missionary to the Zulus, Pastor of the Voortrekkers, Ubebe Omhlope*.  New York: Library Publishers. The man who founded the ANC.
Josiah Tshangana Gumede

**Josiah Tshangana Gumede** (aphindze abitwe ngekutsi nguJ.T. Gumede) (9 October 1867 - 6 November 1946) bekangusopolitiki wase Ningizimu Afrika futsi anguyise wa-Archie Gumede. Watalwa endzaweni yase Healdtown, eFort Beaufort lese Eastern Cape.

Gumede bekangumXhosa, kantsi bokhokho bakhe bungalandvwa emuva kuNdvuna Khondlo kaMncinci we Qwabe. Kungenteka kutsi wacala imfundvo yakhe yemabanga laphansi e-Healdtown Wesleyan Mission School. Ngemuva kwekucedza tifundvo takhe temabanga laphansi, wachubeka waya e-Native Institute e-Grahamstown ngemnyaka wa-1882/83 lapho afundzela khona kuba nguthishela. Wacala umsebenti wakhe wekufundzisa eSomerset East e-Eastern Cape.
John Langalibalele Dube

**John Langalibalele Dube** (February 22, 1871 - February 11, 1946) bekangumbhali wetindzaba wase Ningizimu Afrika, sati sefilosofi, umfundzisi, sopolitiki, umshicileli, umbhali wetincwadzi kanye nembongi. Bekangumengameli lowasungula i-South African Native National Congress (SANNC), leyaba yi-African National Congress nga-1923. Bekangumalume waDokotela Pixley ka Isaka Seme lowasungula naye i-SANNC. Dube bekangumengameli we-SANNC emkhatsini wa-1912 na-1917. Waya eveni lase eMelika aletfwa bashumayeli belivangeli, waphidze wafundza e-Oberlin Preparatory Academy. Wabuyela eNingizimu Afrika, lapho khona ngemnyaka wa-1903 yena nemfati wakhe wekucala, Nokutela Dube, basungula liphephandzaba, nyalo lelibitwa ngekutsi yi-Ilanga lase Natal.
Zacharias Richard Mahabane

**Zaccheus Richard Mahabane** (15 Agasti 1881 - September 1971) bekangusopolitiki wase Ningizimu Afrika, angumengameli we-African National Congress kusukela nga-1924 kuya ku-1927 waphindze futsi kusukela nga-1937 kuya ku-1940. Bekaphindze abe ngumfundisi we-Weseli.

## Leminye yemibhalo yakhe

* Ngo 1923 wabhala libhuku lellisihloko lesitsi: “The Colour Bar in South Africa”
* Ngaphambi kwekutsi ashone, wabhala lenye lebeyitawuba sihloko sakhe sekugcina lesitsi: "The Good Fight: Selected Speeches of Rev. Zacchaeus R. Mahabane", ngaphansi kweligama lakhe, kepha luhlelwe ngu-G. M. Carter kanye na-S. W. Johns, base-Evanston: Northwestern University.
James Moroka

**James Sebe Moroka** (16 March 1891 &#x2D; 10 November 1985) bekangudokotela wetekwelapha waseNingizimu Afrika aphindze abe ngusosopolitiki, lobekangumengameli we African National Congress kusukela nga-1949 kuya ku-1952.

Moroka wakhetfwa njengemengameli we-ANC ngekusekelwa yi-African National Congress Youth League kanye nebaholi bayo Walter Sisulu kanye naNelson Mandela ngenyanga yeNgongoni nga-1949. Ngesikhatsi sekuba ngumengameli waMoroka, i-ANC yacala kusebentisa emasu ekulwa nekubusa kwelibandlululo kulelive.
Thabo Mbeki

**Thabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki** (watalwa mhlaka 18 Inhlaba 1942) ngusopolitiki wase Ningizimu Afrika lobekangumengameli wesibili lomnyama wase Ningizimu Africa kusukela mhlaka 14 Inhlaba 1999 kuya kumhlaka 24 Inyoni 2008. Mbeki washiya sikhundla sakhe ngemuva kwesicesilo selicembu lakhe, i-African National Congress (ANC). Ngaphambi kwaloko, bekalisekela lamengameli ngaphansi kwaNelson Mandela emkhatsini wa-1994 na-1999.

Indvodzana yaGovan Mbeki, losati semfundvo lesidvumile seANC, Mbeki bekangenele tembangave teANC kusukela nga1956, ngesikhatsi ajoyina iNhlangano Yelusha yeANC, futsi bekayilunga leKomidi Leliphetse Yavelonkhe yelicembu kusukela nga1975. Watalwa eTranskei, wasuka eNingizimu Afrika aneminyaka lengemashumi lamabili budzala wayokufundzela enyuvesi eNgilandi, waphindze wacitsa cishe emashumi lamatsatfu eminyaka ahlala ngesheya kwetilwandle, kwaze kwaba ngulapho iANC ivalwa ngemnyaka wa 1990. Wenyuka ngekuhlanganisa lelicembu kutekwatisa kanye nekukhangisa kanye nekuvikela kwa Oliver Tambo, kepha bekaphindze angumbhali lonelikhono, asebenta njengemmeleli we ANC etindzaweni letiningi tase Afrika. Bekangumsekeli wekucala kanye nemholi wemicimbi yetemachinga leyaholela ekucocisaneni kwekucedza lubandlululo. Ngemuva kwelukhetfo lwekucala lwentsandvo yelinyenti eNingizimu Afrika nga-1994, wakhetfwa waba lisekela lamengameli walelive. Eminyakeni leyalandzela, kwacaca kutsi nguye lobekangumlandzeli waMandela, futsi wakhetfwa ngaphandle kwekuphikiswa njengemengameli weANC nga-1997, lokwamenta kutsi akhone kuba ngumengameli njengalomele iANC elukhetfweni lwanga-1999.

Ngalesikhatsi angumsekeli wemengameli, Mbeki bekatsatfwa njengemgcini wenchubomgomo yahulumende Yekukhula, Imisebenti kanye nekwabiwa kabusha kwemnotfo, leyasungulwa nga-1996, futsi njengaMengameli wachubeka nekusekela imigomo yemnotfo lomnyenti. Ngalesikhatsi angumengameli, iNingizimu Afrika yabhekana nekwehla kwetikweleti tahulumende, kwehla kwekwehla kwemali lengenako, kanye nekukhula kwemnotfo lokunciphile. Noma kunjalo, nangetulu kwekugcina kwakhe tinhlelo letehlukene te social democratic, kanye nekwandzisa lokubonakalako kweluhlelo lwekuhlomisa bantfu labamnyama kutemnotfo, bagcugcuteli bavame kutsatsa inchubomgomo yetemnotfo yaMbeki njenge neoliberal, ngekunganaki lokwenele kwetinjongo tekutfutfukisa kanye nekwabela kabusha. Ngaletizatfu, Mbeki wakhula waba khashane nelicembu leANC, kanye nebaholi belicembu leANC's Tripartite Alliance, iCongress of South African Trade Unions, kanye ne South African Communist Party. Bekungemacembu esancele labesekela Jacob Zuma kunaMbeki ngekungevani kwepolitiki lokwacala ngemuva kwekutsi Mbeki amkhiphe esikhundleni sakhe sekuba lisekela lamengameli nga 2005.
Clive Barker (Umceceshi welibhola Letinyawo)

**Clive William Barker** (23 June 1944 &#x2D; 10 June 2023) bekangumceceshi welibhola letinyawo wase Ningizimu Afrika. Wahola licembu lesive laseNingizimu Afrika kutsi litfole umklomelo we African Nations Cup ngo1996, kantsi bekaphindze abe ngumalume walomunye umdlali welibhola letinyawo waSteve Barker.

## Umsebenti wakhe

### Njengemdlali
Barker watalelwa eThekwini, KwaZulu-Natal. Waba ngumdlali welibhola ngemnyaka wa 1960, adlalelela i-Durban City kanye ne-Durban United ngemuva kwekucala aneminyaka lengu-17. Watsatsa luhlolo ne-Leicester City, kepha kulimala lokumatima kwemadvolo kwacedza umsebenti wakhe ngekushesha.

### Umcondzisi
Baker bekateketiswa  nga"The Dog", kantsi waba ngumphatsi ngemnyaka wa 1970, acondzisa emacembu lamanyenti eNingizimu Afrika, kufaka ekhatsi iDurban City, i-Manning Rangers, i-AmaZulu (Zulu Royals) kanye ne-Santos Cape Town.

Wancoba ema-league championships lamabili kanye nema-league cup lamabili ngesikhatsi asengumdlali welibhola, kantsi bekangulomunye webaphatsi bekucala labamhlophe ku-league yaseNingizimu Afrika.

Watsatsa sikhundla sekuba ngumphatsi welicembu lesive iBafana Bafana ngemnyaka wa-1994 ngemuva kwekutsi lelicembu libuyiselwe ngemuva kwekuvalwa ngenca yelubandlululo. Watsatsa licembu lesive lase Ningizimu Afrika kutsi litfole umklomelo we African Nations Cup nga-1996, ngekuncoba nge-2-0 emdlalweni wekugcina neTunisia. Ngaphansi kwesicondziso sakhe iNingizimu Afrika yafanelekela iNdzebe yeMhlaba yekucala nga-1998 eFrance. Washiya ngenyanga yeNgongoni emnyakeni wa 1997, ngaphambi kwekutsi lelicembu likwati kuncintisana emdlalweni wekugcina weNdzebe yeMhlaba, ngemuva kwekubonakala kabi emdlalongweni weNdzebi yeMhlaba we-1997.

### Imphilo yakhe
Indvodzana yaBarker, John Barker, ungumkhiciti wemafilimu wase Ningizimu Afrika.

Barker watfolwa anesifo se-Lewy body dementia nga-2023. Washona mhlaka 10 Inhlaba 2023.

## Imibhalo lebhalwe phansi
Kenny Lattimore

**Kenny Lattimore** (10 Apreli 1970) ngumculi waseMelika we-R&B.

## Imphilo yakhe yasebuntfwaneni
Lattimore wacala kutsandza umculo ebuncaneni, kantsi wangenela luhlelo lwelicembu lelisesikolweni lesiphakeme e-Eleanor Roosevelt High School eGreenbelt, eMaryland. Uvame kubonga Dokotela Barbara Baker ngekumfaka endleleni yakhe yamanje. Lattimore wakhuluma ku-Eleanor Roosevelt High School Graduation yanga-2005. Ungumfundzi wase Howard University eWashington, D.C.
Ingoma yaMoore

**Chanté Torrane Moore** ( 17 Indlovana 1967) ngumculi waseMelika, umbhali wetingoma kanye nemidlalo yabomabonakudze, uphindze abe ngumlingisi. Watfola ludvumo ekucaleni kwemnyaka wa-1990, Moore watibonakalisa njengemculi we-R&B.
Donald Trump

**Donald John Trump** (Juni 14, 1946) ungusopolitiki waseMelika, umlweli wetindzaba, futsi usomabhizinisi lowakhonta njengemengameli wesi-45 waseMelika kusukela nga-2017 kuya ku-2021. Uphindze futsi abe ngumengameli we-47 waseMelika kusukela nga-2025
Barack Obama

**Barack Hussein Obama II** (watalwa mhlaka 4 Ingci 1961) ungusopolitiki waseMelika lowaba ngumengameli wesi-44 wase United States kusukela nga-2009 kuya ku-2017. Abelilunga lelicembu le-Democratic Party, waba ngumengameli welibala lelimnyama eMelika. Obama usebente njenge-US Senator amele i-Illinois kusukela nga-2005 kuya ku-2008 futsi usebente njengenhloko ye-Illino State Senator kusukela nga-1997 kuya ku-2004, waphindze wasebenta njengemmeli wemalungelo ebantfu ngaphambi kwekutsi atfole sikhundla sahulumende. 

Kuba ngumongameli kwente Obama wenta imali. Ngemnyaka wa 2010 watfola tigidzi letingu-$1.7, wanikela ngemaphesenti langu-14 etinhlanganweni letingazuzi, kufaka ekhatsi i-$131,000 ku-Fisher House Foundation, inhlangano lenakekela imindeni yalabo labalimele, leyabavumela kutsi bahlale dvutane nalapho lona lona lona labalimele atfola khona kwelashwa. Ngekwembula kwakhe imali nga-2012, Obama angahle abe nemali lefika ku-$10 million.

### Imibono Yenkholo
F. W. de Klerk

**Frederik Willem de Klerk** 18 Mashi 1936 - 11 Lweti 2021) bekangusopolitiki wase Ningizimu Afrika lowaba ngumengameli wase Ningizimu Africa kusukela nga-1989 kuya ku-1994 futsi waba liSekela laMengameli kusukela nga-1996 kuya ku-1996. Njengenhloko yekugcina yase Ningizimu Afrika ngesikhatsi sekubusa kwebantfu welibandlululo, yena kanye nahulumende wakhe banconywa ngukucedza luhlelo lwekubusa ngelubandlululo base batfula luhlelo lwekubusa ngentsandvo yelinyenti. Ngekwemibono, bekangumlandzeli wetemnotfo futsi angumholi welicembu le-National Party (NP) kusukela nga-1989 kuya ku-1997.
Billy McFarland (umkhohlisi)

**William Z. McFarland** (watalwa ngo-1991) ngumkhohlisi waseMelika lobekwe emacala enkohlakalo nekukhwabanisa asebentisa inkampani yakhe i-Fyre Festival. Wakhwabanisa timali tebantfu letifinyelela etigidzini letingu-$27.4 ngekukhangisa nekutsengisa emathikithi alomkhosi kanye naleminye imicimbi. I-Vanity Fair imchaza ngekutsi "ngumfana losemkhatsini wekukhwabanisa".

Ngo 2013, McFarland wasungula i-Magnises, lebekuyinkapani lebeyinika bantfu emanani laphansi uma babhadala imali ekhadini, kantsi lenkapani beyihlose kubantfu labangeMillennial, asebentisa imali lengemadola latigidzi letingu-1.5. Ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi wasungula futsi waba yi-CEO ye-Fyre Media, leyasungula i-app ye-Fyrre mobile yekubhuka emathalenta emculo. Ngasekupheleni kwemnyaka wa 2016, kanye nemculi we-rap Ja Rule, McFarland wasungula i-Fyre Festival, umcimbi wemculo "lonhle" lohloselwe kutfutfukisa i-Fire app. Lomcimbi bewuhlelelwe kutsi wentiwe ngaMabasa nangoMeyi 2017, kepha wakhipha sisu ngemuva kwekutsi labo lebebakhona bafikile ngenca yetinkinga tekuphepha, kudla, kuhambisa tintfo, kungena kwebasebenti, tindzawo tekuhlala, kanye nebudlelwane bemakhono.
Dokotela Khumalo

**Doctor Khumalo** ( 26 Inhlaba 1967), ungumdlali welibhola letinyawo wase Ningizimu Afrika. Watiwa kakhulu ngekuba ngumdlali lomkhulu we-Kaizer Chiefs nelicembu lesive laseNingizimu Afrika.
ENyanga, eWestern Cape

**iNyanga,** lilokishi lelisendzaweni yase Western Cape, eNingizimu Afrika. Ligama layo ngesiXhosa lisho "inyanga" kantsi lingulelinye lemadolobha lamadzala alabamnyama eKapa. Lasungulwa ngenca yeluhlelo lwetisebenti letivela kulamanye emave. Ngemnyaka wa 1948 bantfu labamnyama baphocelelwa kutsi bahlale eNyangas njengoba iLanga beseyincane kakhulu. Nyanga bekungulenye yetindzawo letiphuyile eKapa futsi solo ingulenye yetindzaba letiyingoti kakhulu eKapa. Ngemnyaka wa-2001 lizinga lekungasebenti lalinganiselwa ku-56% kantsi i-HIV/AIDS yinkinga lenkhulu emmangweni.

Nyanga itfolakala emakhilomitheni langu-20 (12 mi) kusuka eKapa eceleni kwemgwaco lomkhulu i-N2, dvutane ne-Cape Town International Airport eceleni kwemadolobha ase-Gugulethu nase-Crossroads.

## Umlandvo
Lendzawo yasungulwa ngo-1946 futsi, ngalowo mnyaka, yamenyetelwa njengelidolobha lelisebenta bantfu lababuya kulamanye emave labavela e-Eastern Cape. Wacale wasungulwa njengendzawo yekugeleta uma indzawo yaseLanga seyiphelelwe bantfu.
Gugulethu

I-**Gugulethu** lilokishi lelisendzaweni yase Western Cape, eNingizimu Afrika kantsi likhashane ngemakhilomitha lalishumi nesihlanu nelidolobha laseCape Town. Ligama layo liyincenye yeligama lelitsi *igugu lethu*, lelisho *kutigcabha kwetfu*. Lelilokishi lasungulwa kanye ne Nyanga ngemnyaka wa 1960.

## Umlandvo
Leligama liyincenye yeligama lelitsi *igugu lethu*, lelisho *kutigcabha kwebantfu*. I-Gugulethu, kanye ne-Nyanga, yasungulwa ngemnyaka wa-1960 ngenca yekugcwala kweLanga, lebeyindzawo yekuhlala yebantfu labamnyama eKapa ngaleso sikhatsi. Ngesikhatsi selubandlululo bantfu labamnyama baseNingizimu Afrika bebangavunyelwa kutsi bahlale edolobheni laseKapa, futsi bantfu labanyenti basuswa etindzaweni letifana neDistrict Six baya eGugulethu, Nyanga, nase Langa. Lulwimi lolukhulunywa kakhulu ngesiGugulethu siXhosa. I-Gugulethu ibitwa ngekutsi yi- "Gugs" bantfu bendzawo, lokuligama lelisidlaliso lelisuselwa ekufushanisweni kweligama lelitsi Gugulethu.
ILanga, Lilokishi lase Kapa

I-**Langa** lilokishi lelisedolobheni laseKapa, eNingizimu Afrika. Ligama layo ngesiXhosa lisho "lilanga". Lelidolobha lakhiwa ngetigaba ngaphambi kwekutsi livulwe ngalokusemtsetfweni nga-1927. Lelidholobha lasungulwa ngenca yeMtsetfo weTindzawo telibandlululo wango-1923 i "group areas act" , lebeyakhelwe kuphocelela bantfu base-Afrika kutsi basuke emakhaya abo baye etindzaweni letihlukanisiwe. Njenge Nyanga, iLanga ingulenye yetindzawo letinyenti eNingizimu Afrika lebetikhetselwe bantfu labamnyama base-Afrika ngaphambi kwesikhatsi selubandlululo. Yindzawo lendzala kunawo onkhe eKapa futsi bekuyindzawo yekumelana nelubandlululo.
EBaptini

**iBarberton,** lephindze yatiwe nge **Baptini** lidolobha lelisesifundzeni sase Mpumalanga eNingizimu Afrika, lelasungulwa ngemnyaka wa-1880 kulesigodzi. Itfolakala eSigodzini sase De Kaap futsi igcwele tintsaba tase Makhonjwa. Icishe ibe ngemakhilomitha langu-43 (27 mi) eningizimu yeMbombela kanye nemakhilomitha langu-360 (220 mi) emphumalanga yeGoli.
Sibongile Khumalo

**Sibongile Khumalo**(24 September 1957 - 28 January 2021) bekangumculi kanye nembhali wetingoma wase Ningizimu Afrika. Wacula umculo we-classic, we-jazz, we-opera kanye nemculo wesintfu waseNingizimu Afrika.  Watiwa ngekuhlabela ngesikhatsi sekwetfulwa kwaNelson Mandela nga-1994, kanye nasemncintiswaneni wekugcina weNdzebe yeMhlaba yeRugby ngemnyaka lolandzelako. Waniketwa i-Order of Ikhamanga nga-2008.

## Imphilo yakhe yasebuntfwaneni
Khumalo watalwa e-Orlando West, Soweto, eJozi, eNingizimu Afrika, mhlaka 24 Inyoni 1957.  Make wakhe abesebenta njengemhlengikati; babe wakhe, Khabi Mngoma, bekanguPhrofesa wemculo.  Wamkhutsata kutsi achubeke nemculo futsi Khumalo wacala kufundza aneminyaka lesiphohlongo budzala.  Wafundza umculo e-University of Zululand, watfola timfundvo te-Bachelor of Arts kulesikhungo.  Wachubeka watfola i-Bachelor of Arts yesibili (ngemagugu) eNyuvesi yaseWitwatersrand, kanye ne-Postgraduate Diploma in Personnel Management yase-Wits Business School.
IWakkerstroom

**iWakkerstroom**, lidolobha lesibili ngebudzala esifundzeni sase Mpumalanga, eNingizimu Afrika. Lelidolobha lisemnceleni waseKwaZulu-Natal, emakhilomitha langu-27 emphumalanga yeVolksrust kanye nemakhilomitha langu-56 eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Amersfoort.
Sterkfontein

**iSterkfontein** iyinhlanganisela yemihume ye-limestone lenenshisekelo lekhetsekile ye paleoanthropology lesesifundzeni sase Gauteng,  lacishe abe ngu-40 (25 mi) enyakatfo-nshonalanga yeJohannesburg, eNingizimu Afrika endzaweni yase Muldersdrift eceleni kwelidolobha lase Krugersdorp. Tindzawo temlandvo tase Swartkrans nase Kromdraai tisendzaweni yinye. I-Sterkfontein iyindzawo yemagugu esive saseNingizimu Afrika futsi yaphindze yabekwa njengendzawo yemagciwane emhlaba ngemnyaka wa-2000. Lendzawo leyakhiwe kuyo yatiwa ngekutsi yiCradle of Humankind. Lemihume yase Sterkfontein iphindze ibe yindzawo yetilwane letinyenti tasendle tase-Afrika kufaka ekhatsi i-Belonogaster petiolata, inhlobo yeminyovu lenetidleke letinyenti.
Emapaki aseTau

**Parks Tau** (watalwa ngo 1970) ngusopolitiki wase Ningizimu Afrika lowaba liSekela leNdvuna yeMbuso kanye Netindzaba Temasiko kusukela ngaMashi 2023 futsi abelilunga leSigungu saVelonkhe sase Ningizimu Afrika kusukela ngenyanga yeNdlovana 2023, amele i-African National Congress. Ngaphambi kwekutsi abe lilunga lePhalamende, Tau abelilunga leSigungu Lesishayamtsetfo Sesifundza saseGauteng lapho asebenta khona eMkhandlwini Wekuhola WaseGauteng njenge-MEC for Economic Development kusukela ngaDisemba 2020 kuya ku-Okthoba 2022. Ngaphambi kwaloko, bekanguSekela leNdvuna yeMbuso we-Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs emkhatsini waMeyi 2019 kuya kuDisemba 2020.
INyuvesi yase Witwatersrand

**I-University of the Witwatersrand**, iyunivesithi yelucwaningo yemphakatsi yaseNingizimu Afrika lesenyakatfo yeGoli. LeNyuvesi yatiwa kakhulu ngekutsi y**i-Wits** University noma i-Wits. Kantsi lenyuvesi inetimphandze tayo embonini yetetimayini, njengoba kwenta iJohannesburg kanye neWitwatersrand jikelele. Lasungulwa nga-1896 njenge South African School of Mines e-Kimberley, iyunivesithi yesitsatfu lendzala yase Ningizimu Afrika lechubekako.

Lenyuvesi yasungulwa eKimberley ngemnyaka wa-1896 njenge South African School of Mines. Kantsi iyinyuvesi yesitsatfu ngebudzala eNingizimu Afrika lechubekako, ngemuva kwe-University of Cape Town (lesungulwe nga-1829), kanye ne-Stellenbosch University (lesungulwa nga-1866). Ngemuva kweminyaka lesiphohlongo, nga-1904, lesikolwa sashintja saya eGoli futsi sabitwa ngekutsi yi-Transvaal Technical Institute. Ligama lesikolwa laphindze lashintjwa nga-1906 laba yi-Transvaal University College. Ngemnyaka wa 1908, kwakhiwa indzawo lensha ye-Transvaal University College ePitoli. Ema-campus aseJohannesburg nasePitoli ehlukana mhlaka 17 Inkhwenkhweti 1910, ngayinye yaba sikhungo lesehlukile. I-campus yase-Johannesburg yahlanganiswa kabusha njenge-South African School of Mines and Technology, kantsi i-campus lese-Pitoli yahlala iyikolishi yase-Transvaal University kwaze kwaba ngu-1930 lapho yaba yi-University of Pretoria. Ngemnyaka wa 1920, lesikolwa sabese sibitwa ngekutsi yi-University College, Johannesburg.
Orlando, Soweto

**I-Orlando** yincenye leselokishini yase Soweto, eNingizimu Afrika. Lelidolobha lasungulwa nga-1931 futsi laqanjwa ngeligama la-Edwin Orlando Leake, lobekangumphatsi welidolobha laseGoli kusukela nga-1925 kuya ku-1926. Ihlukaniswe ngetindzawo letimbili: i-Orlando West ne-Orlando East.
Indzawo yemlandvo wase Kromdraai

**I-Kromdraai** ngumhume logcwele i-breccia lotfolakala emakhilomitheni lamabili (1.2 mi) empumalanga yendzawo leyatiwako yaseNingizimu Afrika lenema-hominid eSterkfontein futsi lokungaba ngemakhilomitha langu-45 (28 mi) enyakatfo-nshonalanga yeGoli, eNingizimu Afrika. Itfolakala ku-Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site kantsi iyindzawo yemagugu esive saseNingizimu Afrika.

## Tintfo letafa letitfolwe
Kutfolakale emahominid langu 29 eluhlobo lweholotype specimen ye-P. robustus, ngesikhatsi sekubhalwa kwalesihloko. Tinkulungwane letinyenti tetintfo letafa tetilwane nato tatfolwa ku-Kromedraai A na-B. Nga-2014, ema-Kromdreai B ema-fossil ahlanganisiwe abalelwa ku-6,067 .
Hector Pieterson

**Zolile Hector Pieterson** (19 Agasti 1963 - 16 June 1976) bekangumfana wasesikolweni wase Ningizimu Afrika lowadutjulwa wabulawa aneminyaka lelishumi nakubili ngesikhatsi sekuvukela kwase Soweto, ngesikhatsi emaphoyisa acala kubulala bafundzi labamnyama lababhikisha kwekufundzisa kwelulwimi lwesibhunu, lokwakukhulunywa kakhulu bantfu labamhlophe nalabamnyama eNingizimu Afrika, kantsi bebafuna kufundza tilwimi tabo tendzabuko, siXhosa nesiZulu. Sitfombe setindzaba sa-Sam Nzima sa-Pieterson lowalimala kakhulu aphetfwe ngulomunye lohlala eSoweto ngesikhatsi dzadzewabo agijima eceleni kwabo sashicilelwa mhlabawonkhe. Umkhosi wekushona kwakhe ubitwa ngekutsi Lusuku Lwebantfu Labasha.
Desmond Tutu

**Desmond Mpilo Tutu** (7 October 1931  26 December 2021) bekangumbhishobhi wase Anglican wase Ningizimu Afrika aphindze abe ngusosayensi wetenkolo, lowatiwa ngemsebenti wakhe wekulwa nelubandlululo kanye nemlweli wemalungelo ebantfu. 

## Umlandvo
Tutu bekangumbhishobhi waseJozi kusukela nga-1985 kuya ku-1986 wase uba ngumbhishobhi lomkhulu waseKapa kusukela nga-1986 kuya ku-1996, kuto totimbili letimo waba ngumuntfu lomnyama wekucala wase-Afrika lowabamba lesikhundla. Ngekwemfundziso yenkholo, wafuna kuhlanganisa imibono yemfundziso yenkolo yebantfu labamnyama nemfundziso yenenkholo yase-Afrika.

## Umtfombo welwati
Klerksdorp

**IKlerksdorp** lodolobha lelitfolakala eSifundzeni sase North West, eNingizimu Afrika. IKlerksdorp, lidolobha lelikhulu kunawo onkhe eSifundzeni sase North West, lisebangeni lelingemakhilomitha langu-165 (103 mi) eningizimu mpumalanga yeMahikeng, inhlokodolobha yesifundza. IKlerksdorp beyiyinhlokodolobha yekucala ye-Transvaal Republic futsi beyilikhaya le-Stock Exchange yekucala kulesigodzi. Yaba lidolobha lelibalulekile lekuhweba lelisondzelana neKimberley neGoli. Kwaba likhaya lebalimi, basebenti bemayini kanye netakhamuti letisebenta kuletimboni letimbili.
Mafikeng

**iMahikeng**, lebeyatiwa ngekutsi yi-Mafikeng lidolobha lelikhulu lesifundza sase North West eNingizimu Afrika.

Lelidolobha liseceleni kwemncele weNingizimu Afrika neBotswana, kantsi lingemakhilomitha langu 1,400 (870 mi) enyakatfo-mpumalanga yeKapa kanye nemakhilomitha langu  (160 mi) enshonalanga yeGoli. Ngemnyaka wa-2001 bekunebantfu labangu-49,300. Ngemnyaka wa 2007 Mafikeng kwabikwa kutsi inebantfu labangu-250,000, lapho khona i-CBD yaba semkhatsini wa-69,000 na-75,000. Yakhiwe endzaweni levulekile endzaweni lephakeme ngemamitha langu-1 500 (4,921 ft), eceleni kweMfula i-Upper Molopo. Tindzawo teligolide taseMadibi tingemakhilomitha lalishumi nesihlanu (9.3 mi) eningizimu yelidolobha.
Umfula iMolopo

**Umfula iMolopo** ungulomunye wemifula lemikhulu eNingizimu ye-Afrika. Lomfula unebudze lobungaba ngemakhilomitha langu-960 kanye nendzawo lenemanti lengemakhilomitha lamakhulu lasitfupha nemashumi lasitfukkane nemashumi lasikhombisa nemashumi lamabili nesigamu kanye neBotswana, iNamibia kanye neNingizimu Afrika lehlukaniselana cishe incenye yesitsatfu yesigodzi ngasinye.
Umfula we-Orange

**Umfula** i-Orange ngumfula loseniNgizimu ye-Afrika. kantsi ungumfula lomudze kakhulu eNingizimu Afrika. I-Orange River Basin inebudze lobungemakhilomitha langu-2,432 (1,511 mi), isuka e-Lesotho iye eNingizimu Afrika nase-Namibia ngasenyakatfo. Ivela etintsabeni tase Drakensberg eLesotho, igeleta iye enshonalanga yendlula eNingizimu Afrika iye eLwandle i-Atlantic. Lomfula uyincenye yemincele yemave emhlaba emkhatsini weNingizimu Afrika neLesotho kanye neNingizimu Afrika neNamibia, kanye neminyele leminingi yetigodzi eNingizimu Afrika. Ngaphandle kwe-Upington, ayidluli emadolobheni lamakhulu. Umfula i-Orange udlala indzima lebalulekile emnotfweni wase Ningizimu Afrika ngekuniketa emanti ekunisela kanye nemandla agezi kantsi lomfula wetsiwa ligama lelitsi Umfula we-Orange ngekuhlonipha umndeni lobusako waseDutch, i-House of Orange, ngumhloli wetindzawo waseDutch Robert Jacob Gordon. Lamanye emagama afaka ekhatsi ligama lelisho umfula, ngekubhala kweKhoekhoegowab lokubhalwe ngekutsi !**Garib**, lehunyushwe ngesi-Afrikaans njengeMfula we-Gariep ngekungena kwe-velar fricative esikhundleni se-alveolar click, i-Groote River (lesuselwa ku-Kai !**Garib**) noma **Umfula** Senqu (losetjentiswa eLesotho). Lwatiwa ngesiZulu ngekutsi yi-isAngqu.
Kimberley, eNyakatfo yeKapa

**I-Kimberley** inhloko-dolobha, iphindze ibe lidolobha lelikhulu kunawo onkhe esifundzeni sase Northern Cape eNingizimu Afrika. Itfolakala emakhilomitheni la-110 emphumalanga lapho kuhlangana khona imifula iVaal ne-Orange. Lelidolobha libaluleke kakhulu emlandvweni ngenca yemayini yalo yedayimane kanye nekuhlaselwa ngesikhatsi semphi yesibili yema-Anglo-Boer. Bosomabhizinisi baseBrithani boCecil Rhodes naBarney Barnato batfola imali lenyenti eKimberley, futsi Rhodes wasungula inkampani yelidayimane iDe Beers ngetikhatsi tekucala talelidolobha lemayini.

Ngemhlaka 2 Inyoni 1882, iKimberley yaba lidolobha lekucala eNingizimu yeMhlaba futsi yaba lidolobha lesibili emhlabeni wonkhe ngemuva kwelidolobha iPhiladelphia, ePennsylvania eMelika kutsi ifake tibane temgwaco. Lamasheya ekucala e-Afrika akhiwa eKimberley, ekucaleni kwa-1881.
Mampuru II

**Mampuru II** (1824 - 22 November 1883) bekayinkhosi yebantfu bamaPedi eningizimu ye-Afrika. Mampuru bekayindvodzana yemnakabo Sekwati lomdzala futsi watsi bekabekwe kutsi atsatse sikhundla sakhe. Sekwati washona ngemnyaka wa-1861 kantsi indvodzana yakhe, Sekhukhune yatsatsa bukhosi. Sekhukhune wabusa kwaze kwaba ngu-1879 ngesikhatsi kuhlasela kwemaSwati alekelelwa Mangisi kumkhipha esikhundleni wase ubeka Mampuru njengenkhosi. Mampuru wakhipha umlayeto wekutsi kubulawe Sekhukhune ngemnyaka wa 1882 lokwamenta waboshwa waphindze walengiswa yi-Boer South African Republic ngemnyaka lolandzelako. Mampuru utsatfwa njengemlingisi wekucala wenhlangano yekukhululwa eNingizimu Afrika futsi lijele lapho abulawa khona libitwa kabusha ngekumhlonipha.
Matsulu

**Matsulu** lilokishi lelisedolobheni lase Mbombela ngaphansi kweMasipala Wesigodzi sase Ehlanzeni esifundzeni sase Mpumalanga eNingizimu Afrika. Itfolakala eceleni kwemgwaco wavelonkhe i-N4 ngemakhilomitha langu-41 emphumalanga ye-Nelspruit (Mbombela) CBD, ngemakhilomitha lamatsatfu ngaphambi kwesiteshi sesitimela i-Kaapmuiden.

Lelilokishi lehlukaniswe ngetincenye letintsatfu: Matsulu A, Matsulu B kanye ne Matsulu C.

## Umlandvo
Lelilokishi lasungulwa ngemnyaka wa 1970, kantsi kubakhona kwalo kwenteka ngesikhatsi bantfu baselabamnyama basuswa ngenkhani etindzaweni letisedvute kwentela kwakha titjalo temhoba base batfutsela endzaweni nyalo leyatiwa ngeMatsulu. Kutsiwa lendzawo yetsiwe ngeligama lesakhamuti lebesihlala khona ngaphambi kwekukhishwa kwemali; ligama lesakhamuzi bekungu-Matsulu.

Kusukela ngemnyaka wa 1970 kuya ku 1994, lelilokishi beliphetfwe yi-KaNgwane District Bantustan. Yadlala indzima lenkhulu njengendzawo yekuhlala lesemtsetfweni yemalunga ePhalamende (KaNgwane District Bantustan).

## Imitfombo yelwati
https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/EJC111816
KaNgwane

**KaNgwane** bekuyindzawo lebekelwe bantfu labamnyama ngapansi kwembuso welibandlululo leyatiwa ngeBantustan eNingizimu Afrika, lebeyihloswe nguhulumende welubandlululo kutsi ibe live lelitimele lebantfu baseSwazi. Beyibitwa ngekutsi yi "Swazi Territorial Authority" kusukela nga-1976 kuya ku-1977. NgaSeptemba 1977 yabitwa ngekutsi yi-KaNgwane futsi yatfola umhlangano losemtsetfweni. Ngemuva kwekumiswa kwesikhashana kwesimo sekuba live lakubo nga-1982, lesigungu lesishaya umtsetfo savusetelwa ngaDecember 1982. KaNgwane waniketwa bukhosi ngeNgci 1984. Inhlokodolobha yakhona beyisendzaweni yase Louieville. Bekungumbuso lonebantfu labambalwa kuletindzawo letilishumi, netakhamuti letilinganiselwa ku-183 000. Ngekungafani nalamanye emave ase Ningizimu Afrika, iKaNgwane ayizange itsatse ifulegi yayo kodvwa yaphakamisa ifulegi yesive yase Ningizimu Afrika.