Udhëheqës të shteteve në vitin 1861

'*** janë të radhitur sipas kontinenteve dhe pastaj në kontinente janë të radhitura shtetet sipas shkronjës.

## Afrikë 
* **Konfederata Ashanti** – Kwaku Dua I Panyin Asantehene (1834&ndash;1867)
* **Emirati Bade** - Al-Hajji dan Babuje, Emiri i Bade (1842–1893)
* **Basutoland** - Shefi Suprem Moshoeshoe I (1822&ndash;1870)
* **Buganda** – Mutesa I, Mbret i Buganda (1856&ndash;1884)
* **Bunyoro** – Kyebambe IV, Omukama i Bunyoro (1852&ndash;1869)
* **Burundi** – Mwezi IV Gisabo, Mbret i Burundit (1852&ndash;1908)
* **Dahomey** – Glele, Mbreti i Dahomey (1856&ndash;1889)
* **Dosso** - Zarmakoy Kassam, Mbreti i Dosso (1856–1865)
* **Etiopia** - Tewodros II, Perandori i Etiopisë] (1855&ndash;1868)
* **Sulltanati Geledi** - Ahmed Yusuf (1848–1878)
* **Jimma*' - Abba Bok'a, Mbret (1859–1862)
* **Liberia** - Stephen Allen Benson, Presidenti i Liberisë (1856&ndash;1864)
* **Madagaskari** – Ranavalona I Rabodoandrianampoinimerina, Mbret i Madagaskarit (1828&ndash;1861)
* **Ruanda** – Kigeli IV, Mbret i Ruandës (1853&ndash;1895)
* **Kalifati Sokoto**
**Kalifi - Ahmad bin Atiku (1859–1866)
**Veziri i Madh - Ibrahim Khalilu (1859-1874)
* **Sulltanati Warsangali** - Gerad Aul (1830–1870)
* **Perandoria Toucouleur** - El Hadj Umar Tall, Kalif (1850–1864)
* **Wituland** - Ahmad ibn Fumo Bakari, Sulltan (1858-1888)
* **Zanzibari** - Sayyid Majid bin Said Al-Busaid, Sulltani i Zanzibarit (1856&ndash;1870)
* **Zulu** – Mpande kaSenzangakhona, Mbret i Zuluve (1840&ndash;1872)

## Amerika e Jugut 
* **Argjentina** - 
*#Santiago Derqui, President (1860&ndash;1861)
*#Juan Esteban Pedernera, President provizor (1861)
****Shteti i Buenos Aires** - Bartolomé Mitre, Guvernator (1860&ndash;1862)
* **Bolivia**
*#José María Linares Lizarazu, President (1857&ndash;1861)
*#José María Achá Valiente, President (1861&ndash;1864)
* **Brazili** - Pedro II, Perandori i Brazilit (1831&ndash;1889)
* **Ekuador** - Gabriel García Moreno, President (1859&ndash;1865)
* **Konfederata Grenadine(Kolumbia)**
*#Mariano Ospina Rodríguez, President (1858&ndash;1861)
*#Julio Arboleda, President (1861&ndash;1862)
* **Kili** - 
*#Manuel Montt, Presidenti i Kilit (1851–1861)
*#José Joaquín Pérez Mascayano, President (1861&ndash;1871)
* **Paraguaj** - Carlos Antonio López, Drejtori Suprem (1844–1862)
* **Peru** - Ramón Castilla, Presidenti i Perusë (1855-1862)
* **Uruguaj** - Bernardo Berro, President (1860–1864)
* **Venezuela**
*#Manuel Felipe Tovar, President (1859&ndash;1861)
*#Pedro Gual Escandón, President (1861)
*#José Antonio Páez, President (1861&ndash;1863)

## Amerika e Veriut 
* **Guatemala** - Rafael Carrera, Presidenti i Guatemalës (1844–1848, 1851–1865)
* **Hondurasi** - José Santos Guardiola,  Presidenti i Hondurasit (1856&ndash;1862)
* **Kanada** - 
*#Sir Edmund Walker Head, Guvernator (1854&ndash;1861)
*#Charles Stanley Monck, Guvernator (1861&ndash;1867)
* **Kosta Rika** - José María Montealegre Fernández, Presidenti i Kosta Rikës (1859–1863)
* **Meksika** - Benito Juárez, President (1861&ndash;1863)
* **Miskito** - George Augustus Frederic II, Mbret i Miskito (1842–1865)
* **SHBA** – 
*# James Buchanan, Presidenti i SHBA (1857&ndash;1861)
*# Abraham Lincoln, Presidenti i SHBA (1861&ndash;1865)
***Shtetet e Konfederatës së Amerikës** - Jefferson Davis, President (1861&ndash;1865)

## Australia dhe Oqeania 
* **Australia** - Victoria, Mbretëresha e Britanisë së Madhe (1837&ndash;1901)
* **Hawaii** - Kamehameha IV, Mbret i Hawaiit (1854&ndash;1863)
* **Huahine** - Ari'imate, Mbret i Huahine (1852–1868)
* **Ishulli i Pashkëve** - Maurata, Mbreti i Rapa Nui (1859–1862)
* **Samoa** - Malietoa Talavou Tonumaipe’a, Malietoa (1860–1880)
* **Tahiti** - Pomare IV, Mbretëresha e Tahitit (1827–1877)
* **Tonga** - Tāufaʻāhau, Tu'i Kanokupolu (1845&ndash;1893)
* **Zelalanda e Re** - Victoria, Mbretëresha e Britanisë së Madhe dhe Irlandës (1837&ndash;1901)

## Azi 
* **Abkhazia** - Mikhail, Princi i Abkhazisë (1822&ndash;1864)
* **Afganistan** – Dost Mohammad Khan, Mbret i Afganistanit (1842&ndash;1863)
* **Brunei** - Abdul Momin, Sultani i Bruneit (1852–1885)
* **Birmania** - Mindon Min, Mbret i Birmanisë (1853–1878)
* **Japonia** 
**Monarku – Kōmei, Perandori i Japonisë (1846–1867)
**Shoguni (Tokugawa) – Tokugawa Iemochi, Shoguni i Japonisë (1858–1866)
** **Mbretëria Ryūkyū** – Shō Tai, Mbret i Ryūkyū (1848-1879)
* **Kina** - 
****Dinastia Qing** – 
**#Xianfeng, Perandor i Kinës (1850&ndash;1861)
**#Tongzhi, Perandor i Kinës (1861&ndash;1875)
** **Mbretëria e Parajsës së Taiping** - Hong Xiuquan, Mbret i Parajsës (1851&ndash;1864)
* **Korea** (Dinastia Joseon) – Cheoljong, Mbret i Joseonit (1849–1864)
* **Maldivt** - Muhammad Imaaduddeen IV, Sulltani i Maldiveve (1835–1882)
* **Mbretëria Sarawak** - James Brooke, Raxhai i Sarawak (1841–1868)
***Shtetet Shan**
****Hsamönghkam** - Maung Shwe Min, Mbret (1848–1867)
****Hsihkip** - Hkun Ton, Mbret (1851-1862)
****Hsipaw** - Sao Kya Htun, Mbret (1853–1866)
****Kokang** - Yang Guo Hwa, Mbret (1840–1874)
****Lawksawk** - Sao Waing, Mbret (1854–1881)
****Loi-ai** - Kaw Thaw, Mbret (1834–1864)
****Loimaw** -  Maung Shwe Pyi, Mbret (1847-1874)
****Mawkmai** - Ko Lan, Mbret (1844–1867)
****Mong Nai** - Hkun Nu Nom, Mbret (1850–1875)
****Mongnawng** - Heng Awn, Mbret (1851–1866)
****Mong Pai** - Hkun Yon, Mbret (1836–1891)
* **Tailanda** - Mongkut, Mbreti i Siamit (1851–1868)
* **Vietnam** (Dinastia Nguyễn) - Tự Đức, Perandor i Vietnamit (1847–1883)

## Europë 
* **Belgjika** - 
**Monarku - Léopold I, Mbret i Belgjikës (1831&ndash;1865)
**Kryeministër - Charles Rogier (1847&ndash;1852, 1857&ndash;1868)
* **Britania e Madhe** –
**Monarku – Victoria, Mbretëresha e Britanisë së Madhe dhe Irlandës(1837&ndash;1901)
**Kryeministër – Henry John Temple (1859–1865)
* **Danimarka** –
** Monark – Frederick VII, Mbreti i Danimarkës (1848–1863)
** Kryeministër – Carl Christian Hall (1860–1863)
* **Finlanda** - Alexander II, Duka i Madh i Finlandës (Cari i Rusisë) (1855–1881)
* **Francë** – Napoleon III, Perandori i Francës (1852–1870)
* **Konfederata Gjermane**(1815–1866)
** **Austria** - Franz Joseph I, Perandori i Austrisë (1848–1916)
** **Bavaria** - Maximilian II, Mbreti i Bavarisë (1848–1864)
** **Baden** - Friedrich I, Duka i Madh i Badenit (1856–1907)
** **Bremen** - Arnold Duckwitz, presidenti i senatit, Burgomaster (1858, 1860, 1862, 1867 and 1869), (1857–1863)
** **Hanover** - 
***Monark - George, Mbreti i Hanoverit (1851&ndash;1866)
***Kryeministër - Eduard Kielmansegg-Gülzow (1855–1862)
** **Saksonia** -
***Monark - Johann, Mbreti i Saksonisë (1854–1873)
***Kryeministër - Friedrich Ferdinand Graf Beust (1858–1866)
** **Hesse-Darmstadt** - Ludwig II, Duka i Madh i Hesse (1848–1877)
** **Hesse-Homburg** - Ferdinand, Landgravi i Hesse-Homburg (1848–1866)
** **Hesse-Kassel** - Friedrich Wilhelm I, I Zgjedhuri i Hesse (1847–1866)
** **Holstein** - Frederick VII, Duka i Holstein (1848–1863)
** **Lauenburg** - Frederick VII, Duka i Lauenburg (1848–1863)
** **Lippe** - Leopold III, Princi i Lippe (1851–1875)
** **Prusia** – 
***Monarku - 
***#Friedrich Wilhelm IV, Mbret i Prusisë (1840&ndash;1861)
***#Wilhelm I, Mbret i Prusisë (1861–1888)
***Regjent - 
***#Princi Wilhelm (1858–1861)
***#*bëhet mbret*
***Kryeministër - Karl Anton of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1858–1862)
** **Saksonia** - Johann, Mbreti i Saksonisë (1854&ndash;1873)
** **Württemberg** - 
***Monark - William, Mbreti i Württemberg (1816&ndash;1864)
***Kryeministër - Josef von Linden (1850–1864)
** **Luksemburg** - 
***Monark - William III(Mbret i Hollandës), Duka i Madh i Luksemburgut (1849&ndash;1890)
***Kryeministër - Victor, Baron de Tornaco (1860–1867)
** **Brunswick** - William, Duka i Brunswick (1831&ndash;1884)
** **Mecklenburg-Schwerin** - Frederick Francis II, Duka i Madh i Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1842&ndash;1883)
** **Nassau** - Adolf, Duka i Nassau (1839&ndash;1866)
** **Oldenburg** - Peter II, Duka i Madh i Oldenburg (1853–1900)
** **Saxe-Coburg dhe Gotha** - Ernest II (1844&ndash;1893)
** **Saxe-Meiningen** - Bernard II (1803&ndash;1866)
** **Mecklenburg-Strelitz** - Frederick William, Duka i Madh i Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1860–1904)
** **Anhalt-Dessau** - Leopold IV, Duka i Madh i Anhalt-Dessau (1817&ndash;1871)
** **Anhalt-Bernburg** - Alexander Charles, Duka i Anhalt-Bernburg (1834&ndash;1863)
** **Schwarzburg-Sondershausen** - Günther Friedrich Karl II, Princi i Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (1835&ndash;1880)
** **Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt** - Friedrich Günther, Princi i Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (1807&ndash;1867)
* **Greqia** - 
**Monark - Otto, Mbret i Greqisë (1832&ndash;1862)
**Kryeministër - Athanasios Miaoulis (1857&ndash;1862)
* **Hollanda** - 
**Monark - William II, Mbret i Hollandës (1849&ndash;1890)
**Kryeministër - 
**#Floris Adriaan van Hall (1853–1857, 1860–1861)
**#Jacob van Zuylen van Nijevelt (1861)
**#Schelto van Heemstra (1861&ndash;1862)
* **Hungaria** - Franz Joseph I, Mbret i Hungarisë (1848–1916)
* **Irlanda** – Victoria, Mbretëresha e Britanisë së Madhe (1837&ndash;1901)
* **Italia**
** Monark - Vittorio Emanuele II, Mbreti i Italisë (1861&ndash;1878)
** Kryeministër -
**#Conte di Cavour (1861)
**#Bettino Ricasoli (1861&ndash;1862)
* **Monako** - Charles III, Princi i Monakos (1856&ndash;1889)
* **Norvegjia** - Mbretëria e Bashkuar e Norvegjisë dhe Suedisë - Charles XV, Mbret i Norvegjisë (1859–1872)
* **Perandoria Osmane**
**Sulltani – 
**# Abd-ul-Mejid I (1839&ndash;1861)
**# Abd-ul-Aziz (1861&ndash;1876)
**Veziri i madh – 
**# Kibrisli Mehmed Pasha (1860&ndash;1861)
**# Mehmed Emin Ali Pasha (1861)
**# Keçecizade Mehmet Fuat Pasha (1861&ndash;1863)
* **Polonia** – Alexander II(Cari i Rusisë), Mbret i Polonisë (1855&ndash;1881)
* **Portugali** – 
*#Pedro V, Mbret i Portugalisë (1853&ndash;1861)
*#Luis, Mbret i Portugalisë (1861&ndash;1889)
* **Rumania** - Alexander John Cuza, Princi i Rumanisë (1859–1866)
* **Rusia** – Alexander II, Cari i Rusisë (1855&ndash;1881)
* **Spanja** – Isabella II, Mbretëresha e Spanjës (1833&ndash;1868)
* **Suedia** – Charles XV, Mbret i Suedisë (1859–1872)
* **Tavolara** - Paolo I, Mbret i Tavolara (1845&ndash;1886)
* **Vatikani** - Pius IX, Papa (1846–1870)

## Lindje e Mesme dhe Afrikë veriore 
* **Egjipt**(*nën Sundimin Osman*) - Said, Guvernator i Egjiptit (1854&ndash;1863)
* **Maroku** – Mohammed IV, Sulltani i Marokut (1859–1873)
* **Omani** – Thuwaini bin Said, Sulltani i Omanit (1856–1866)
* **Persia** – Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar, Shahu i Persisë (1848–1896)
* **Tunizia** (*nën Sundimin Osman*)
***Monark - 
***Veziri i madh - Mustapha Khaznadar (1837–1873)

## Referimet
*Rulers