Robert S.P. Beekes

**Robert Stephen Paul Beekes** (2 shtator 1937 – 21 shtator 2017) ka qenë një gjuhëtar holandez i cili ishte profesor emeritus i gjuhësisë krahasuese indo-evropiane në Universitetin e Lejdenit dhe autor i shumë monografive mbi gjuhën proto-indo-evropiane.

## Punë shkencore 
Një nga librat e tij më të njohur është *Gjuhësia Indo-Evropiane: Një hyrje*, një manual standard mbi proto-indo-evropianishten që trajton tërësisht fushën e rindërtimit gjuhësor, por gjithashtu përmban rindërtimin kulturor dhe metodat krahasuese gjuhësore në përgjithësi.

Beekes ishte gjithashtu bashkautor, me L. Bouke van der Meer, i *De Etrusken spreken* (1991). Ai mbrojti teorinë e Azisë së Vogël për të shpjeguar origjinën e etruskëve. Në vitin 1993, ai u zgjodh anëtar i Akademisë Mbretërore të Arteve dhe Shkencave të Holandës.

Ai gjithashtu punoi në gjuhën paragreke, gjuhën (jo-indo-evropiane) që flitej në Greqi përpara greqishtes, ndoshta rreth vitit 2000 para Krishtit. Meqenëse kjo gjuhë nuk ishte e shkruar, Beekes mori informacionin e tij nga shumë fjalë në greqishten klasike që tregojnë një strukturë dhe zhvillim jogrek.

## Publikimet (përzgjedhje) 
### Monografitë 
* *The Development of the Proto-Indo-European Laryngeals in Greek*. The Hague–Paris: Mouton, 1969.
* *The Origins of the Indo-European Nominal Inflection*. Innsbruck: IBS, 1985.
* *A Grammar of Gatha-Avestan*. Leiden: Brill, 1988.
* *Vergelijkende taalwetenschap. Een inleiding in de vergelijkende Indo-europese taalwetenschap*. Amsterdam: Het Spectrum, 1990.
* with L. Bouke van der Meer, *De Etrusken spreken*. Muiderberg: Coutinho, 1991.
* *The Origin of the Etruscans*. Amsterdam: Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, 2003.
* , 2 vols. Leiden: Brill, 2009.
* *Pre-Greek: Phonology, Morphology, Lexicon*, Leiden: Brill, 2014. (Edited by Stefan Norbruis.)

### Vëllime të redaktuara 
* *Rekonstruktion und relative Chronologie. Akten der VIII. Fachtagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft, Leiden, 31. August – 4. September 1987*, ed. Robert S. P. Beekes. Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachwissenschaft, 1992. 

### Artikuj 
Shih faqen e internetit përkujtimore për Robert Beekes: https://www.robertbeekes.nl/bibliography/

* "*Mṓnukhes híppoi*", *Orbis* 20 (1971): 138–142.
* "H2O", *Die Sprache* 18 (1972): 11–31.
* "The nominative of the hysterodynamic noun-inflection", *Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung* 86 (1972): 30–63.
* "The proterodynamic perfect", *Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung* 87 (1973): 86–98.
* "Two notes on PIE stems in dentals", *Historische Grammatik des Griechischen: Laut- und Formenlehre*, ed. Helmut Rix. Darmstadt: 1975, pp.&nbsp;9–14.
* "Intervocalic laryngeal in Gatha-Avestan", *Bono Homini Donum: Essays in Historical Linguistics, in Memory of J. Alexander Kerns*, eds. Yoël L. Arbeitman & Allan R. Bomhard. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1981, pp.&nbsp;47–64.
* "The disyllabic reduplication of the Sanskrit intensives", *Münchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft* 40 (1981): 19–25.
* "The subjunctive endings of Indo-Iranian", *Indo-Iranian Journal* 23 (1981): 21–27
* "GAv. *må*, the PIE word for 'moon, month', and the perfect participle", *Journal of Indo-European Studies* 10 (1982): 53–64.
* "On laryngeals and pronouns", *Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung* 96 (1983): 200–232.
* "PIE 'sun'", *Münchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft* 43 (1984): 5–8.
* "On Indo-European 'wine'", *Münchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft* 80 (1987): 21–6.
* "The origin of the PIE pronominal inflection", *A Festschrift in honour of E. C. Polomé*, eds. M. A. Jazayery & W. Winter. NY: de Gruyter, 1987, pp.&nbsp;73–88.
* "The word for 'four' in PIE", *Journal of Indo-European Studies* 15 (1987): 215–19.
* "Laryngeal developments: A survey", *Die Laryngaltheorie und die Rekonstruktion des indogermanischen Laut- und Formensystems*, ed. Alfred Bammesberger. Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1988, pp.&nbsp;59–105.
* "PIE *RHC* – in Greek and other languages", *Indogermanische Forschungen* 93 (1988): 22–45.
* "The genitive singular of the pronoun in Germanic and Indo-European", *Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur* 110 (1988): 1–5.
* "The nature of the PIE laryngeals", *The New Sound of Indo-European: Essays in Phonological Reconstruction*, ed. Theo Vennemann. Berlin/NY: de Gruyter, 1989, pp.&nbsp;23–33.
* "Bloem en blad", *100 jaar etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands*, eds. A. Moerdijk et al. The Hague: 1990, pp.&nbsp;375–382.
* "De verwantschap van het Etruskisch", *Lampas* 23 (1990): 5–18.
* "The genitive in *-*osio*", *Folia linguistica historica* 11 (1990): 21–6.
* "The historical grammar of Greek", *Linguistic Change and Reconstruction Methodology*, ed. P. Baldi. Berlin–NY: de Gruyter, 1990, pp.&nbsp;305–329.
* "Wackernagel's explanation of the lengthened grade", *Sprachwissenschaft und Philologie*, eds. H. Eichner & Helmut Rix. Wiesbaden: 1990, pp.&nbsp;33–53
* "Who were the laryngeals?", *In honorem Holger Pedersen: Kolloquium der indogermanischen Gesellschaft vom 25. bis 28.* *März 1993 in Kopenhagen*, ed. J. Rasmussen. Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag 1994, pp.&nbsp;449–454.
* "Hades and Elysion", *Mír Curad.* *Studies in honor of Calvert Watkins*, ed. Jay Jasanoff. Innsbruck: 1998, pp.&nbsp;17–28.
* "European substratum words in Greek", *125 Jahre Indogermanistik in Graz*, eds. Michaela Ofitsch & Christian Zinko. Graz: 2000, pp.&nbsp;21–31.
* “Indo-European or substrate? φάτνη and κῆρυξ”, *Languages in Prehistoric Europe*, eds. Alfred Bammesberger & Theo Vennemann. Heidelberg: 2003, pp.&nbsp;109–116.
* “Armenian *gišer* and the Indo-European word for ‘evening’”, *Per aspera ad asteriscos: Studia Indogermanica in honorem Iens Elmegård Rasmussen sexagenarii.* *Idibus Martiis anno MMIV*, eds. Adam Hyllested et al. Innsbruck: 2004, pp. 59–61.
* “Palatalized consonants in Pre-Greek”, *Evidence and counter-evidence: essays in honour of Frederik Kortlandt*, eds. Alexander Lubotsky et al. Amsterdam: 2008, pp.&nbsp;45–56.
* Supervisor with Alexander Lubotsky of the *Indo-European Etymological Dictionary*, 1991 ff.

## Referime 
## Lidhje të jashtme 
* Faqja e internetit e Robert SP Beekes Memorial