Frans Wildenhain

​**Frans Wildenhain** oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan **Franz Rudolf Wildenhain** (Juun 5, 1905 – Janaayo 25, 1980) wuxuu ahaa dhoobo-sameeye iyo farshaxan Jarmal ah oo ku soo bartay dugsiga Bauhaus, kaas oo sannado badan wax ka dhigayay Dugsiga Farsamayaqaannada Maraykanka (hadda loo yaqaan School for American Crafts) ee Rochester Institute of Technology ee Rochester, New York.

​

## Bauhaus iyo ka dib

Wuxuu ku dhashay Leipzig, Jarmalka, Wildenhain tababarkiisii hore ee farshaxanka wuxuu ku qaatay sawir-gacmeedka, naqshadaynta iyo litografiga. Bishii Febraayo 1924, wuxuu iska diiwaangeliyay Bauhaus ee Weimar, halkaas oo uu ku dhammaystay koorsada aasaasiga ah isagoo casharo ka qaatay László Moholy-Nagy. Wuxuu sidoo kale wax la bartay Paul Klee, iyo laga bilaabo Nofeembar 1924, Gerhard Marcks iyo Max Krehan oo ku sugnaa aqoon-is-weydaarsiga dhoobada ee Bauhaus ee Dornburg. Dadka dhoobada ka shaqaynayay ee halkaas joogay waxaa ka mid ahayd Marguerite Friedlaender, oo noqotay xaaskiisa mustaqbalka.
​Markii Bauhaus u guurtay Dessau sannadkii 1925, dhoobada waa laga saaray manhajka. Marcks wuxuu u guuray Dugsiga Gobolka ee Farshaxanka la Adeegsado ee Burg Giebichenstein, Halle, halkaas oo uu dhowaan noqday agaasimaha. Sannadkii xigay, markii Friedlaender ay noqotay madaxa aqoon-is-weydaarsiga dhoobada ee dugsigaas, Wildenhain wuxuu u raacay halkaas si uu u sii wato tababarkiisa ardaynimo. Wuxuu noqodaday Khabiir Dhoobo-sameeye (Master Potter) sannadkii 1930, isla sannadkaas oo ay is-guursadeen, ka dib markaasna waxaa xirfad ahaan loo yaqiinnay Marguerite Wildenhain.
​Sannadkii 1933, markii Naasigii ay la wareegeen Jarmalka, Marguerite ayaa laga eryay shaqadeeda sababo la xiriira abtirsiinteeda Yuhuudda. Iyada iyo Frans waxay markaas u guureen Putten, Nederlaan, halkaas oo ay ka fureen aqoon-is-weydaarsi dhoobada ah oo la yiraahdo *Het Kruikje* (Ashuunka Yar). Bishii Maarso 1940, waxay ku guulaysatay inay u soo hijrootay Maraykanka (laba bilood uun ka hor duullaankii Jarmalku ku qaaday Nederlaan), laakiin isaga (oo ahaa muwaadin Jarmal ah oo aan Yuhuudi ahayn) looma oggolaan inuu raaco. Sannadkii 1941, wuxuu u guuray Amsterdam, halkaas oo uu muddo gaaban wax ka dhigayay Dugsiga Farshaxanka iyo Farsamada, sidoo kale wuxuu farshaxanka dhagaxa la bartay Jan Bronner ee Rijksacademie. Markay ahayd 1943, waxaa loo qoray ciidanka Jarmalka, sannadkii xigayna wuxuu ka qayb qaatay Dagaalkii Arnhem. Bishii Abriil 1945, wuxuu noqday askari baxsade ah, waxaana maamulka ka qariyay saaxiibbadiis ku sugnaa Amsterdam.
​
## Pond Farm

Bilihii ka dambeeyay markii ay u soo hijrootay Maraykanka 1940, Marguerite ma hayn wax warkooda ah halka uu ninkeedii ku sugnaan karo. Laga soo bilaabo May 10 (maalintii duullaanka Jarmalka ee Nederlaan) ilaa Sebtembar 10, 1940, waxay u qortay waraaqo aan la dirin, oo u qoran qaab xusuus-qoraal ah, iyadoo si tartiib tartiib ah u dhex maraysay Maraykanka, New York ilaa California. Waraaqahan ayaa markii dambe lagu daabacay *Marguerite: A Diary to Franz Wildenhain* oo uu tifatiray Dean Schwarz (2004). Sannadkii 1942, waxay degtay Pond Farm, oo ahayd gumeysi fannaaniin oo u dhow Guerneville, California, oo ay aasaaseen Gordon iyo Jane Herr.
​Ka dib kala maqnaansho qiyaastii toddoba sano ah, Frans iyo Marguerite Wildenhain ayaa ugu dambeyntii dib u midoobay sannadkii 1947, markii ugu dambeyntii la siiyay fiisada. Isaguna wuxuu ku biiray bulshadii Pond Farm, halkaas oo uu farshaxan iyo macallin ahaan ugala shaqaynayay xaaskiisa, farshaxanka dharka Trude Guermonprez, naqshadeeyaha dahabka Victor Ries, iyo qoyska Herr.
​==Sannadihii dambe==

Markay ahayd 1950, guurkii Wildenhain wuxuu noqday mid burburay, Frans ayaana markaas aqbalay dalab uu ku biirayo macallimiinta School of American Craftsmen ee Rochester Institute of Technology ee Rochester, New York, halkaas oo uu wax ka dhigayay muddo 20 sano ah. Ardaydiisa qalin-jabineysay waxaa ka mid ahaa dhoobo-sameeyaha caanka ah ee mustaqbalka Ron Meyers. Frans iyo Marguerite furiinkoodu wuxuu dhammaaday sannadkii 1952, Frans ayaana markii dambe dib u guursaday Marjorie McIlroy (oo dhimatay 1967), ka dibna wuxuu guursaday Elisabeth (Lili) Brockardt, oo ahayd farshaxan dhar-sameeye ah. Wuxuu ku dhintay Rochester sannadkii 1980.
​
## Abaalmarinnada iyo ururinta

Frans Wildenhain wuxuu helay abaalmarino badan oo farshaxankiisa ah, kuwaas oo ka yimid (kuwa kale dhexdooda) International Exposition ee Paris (1939), Albright Art Gallery (1952), Brussels World's Fair (1958), iyo deeqda Guggenheim Fellowship (1958). Shaqadiisu waxay ku jirtaa ururinta Stedelijk Museum (Amsterdam), Smithsonian Institution (Washington, DC), Everson Museum (Syracuse, NY), Seattle Art Museum, Art Institute of Chicago, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York City), Victoria and Albert Museum (London), iyo University of Michigan Museum of Art.
​Ururinta ugu weyn ee shaqadiisa (oo ka kooban in ka badan 300 oo shaqo) waxay taal Rochester Institute of Technology (Rochester, NY). Bandhig loogu talagalay farshaxankiisa dhoobada ayaa la qabtay Ogosto ilaa Oktoobar 2012 gudaha Rochester Institute of Technology. Bandhigga waxaa weheliyay buug ka kooban 256 bog (*Frans Wildenhain 1950-75: Creative and Commercial American Ceramics at Mid-Century*) oo wata sawirrada dhammaan dhoobadii la soo bandhigay iyo qoraallo aqooneed oo ku saabsan noloshiisa iyo shaqadiisa.
​
## Sidoo kale eeg

​Marguerite Wildenhain
​Pond Farm
​Bauhaus
​Gerhard Marcks
​
## Tixraac

## Isha laga soo xigtay
​
Dean and Geraldine Schwarz, eds., *Marguerite Wildenhain and the Bauhaus: An Eyewitness Anthology*. Decorah, IA: South Bear Press, 2007. .
​Dean Schwarz, ed., *Marguerite A Diary to Franz Wildenhain*. Decorah, IA: South Bear Press, 2004. .
​Ruth R. Kath, *The Letters of Gerhard Marcks and Marguerite Wildenhain 1970-1981: A Mingling of Souls*. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press, 1991.
​Bruce A. Austin, *Frans Wildenhain 1950-75: Creative and Commercial American Ceramics at Mid-Century*. Rochester, NY: Printing Applications Lab, 2012. 
​

## Xiriirinta dibadda
​
 Marguerite Wildenhain iyo Bauhaus
​ Ururinta Frans Wildenhain ee Luther College 
​ Waraaqaha Frans Wildenhain ee Archives of American Art
​

​