Silvio Berlusconi

**Silvio Berlusconi** wuxuu ahaa siyaasi talyaani ah, hal-abuur ganacsi iyo dambiile https://www.today.it/rassegna/tangenti-berlusconi-milano-due.htmlhttps://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/in-edicola/articoli/2017/11/16/b-e-previti-arcore-e-le-loro-truffe-milionarie-contro-la-casati-stampa/3981258/https://www.antimafiaduemila.com/home/opinioni/305-mafia-in-pillole/80556-i-rapporti-tra-silvio-berlusconi-e-cosa-nostra-parte-1-le-sentenze.htmlhttps://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2013/08/08/berlusconi-storia-dellevasore-corruttore-da-craxi-a-mills/679749/https://ilmanifesto.it/archivio/2003189771https://www.swissinfo.ch/ita/ruby-prove-univoche-su-prostituzione-ad-arcore/41264376https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/politica/2019/11/20/m5s-berlusconi-e-il-re-degli-evasori_922d6749-48ae-4be3-a88c-479b83def30a.html  1994-tii May ilaa December 1994-kii ayuu ahaa Ra’iisul Wasaare, 2001 ilaa 2006 iyo 2008 ilaa 2011, waxa uu ahaa shaqsi aad loogu muransan yahay dalka Talyaaniga, waxaana uu isbedel ku sameeyay siyaasadd,isagoo ah tiirka ugu weyn ee Jamhuuriyaddii Labaad ee Talyaaniga

## Taariikhda Hantidiisa
"Waxaan idiin sheegayaa inaan awoodno, waxaan idiin sheegayaa inay tahay inaan si wadajir ah u dhisno nafteena iyo caruurteena, mucjiso cusub oo Talyaani ah." [Silvio Berlusconi, Janaayo 26, 1994] 

Erayadan ayuu Silvio Berlusconi ku dhawaaqay inuu siyaasadda soo galay bilowgii 1994-kii, laakiin ugu dambeyntii maxaa ka haray isaga iyo wixii uu ballan qaaday? 

Berlusconi waxa uu siyaasadda ku soo biiray 1994-tii, waxa uu maamulayay muddo 7 bilood ah, isaga oo meeshaas u daayay xukuumaddii Diini, oo uu ka doortay wasiirrada caddaaladda iyo boostada iyo isgaarsiinta. Laga soo bilaabo 1996 ilaa 2001, dawladaha bidix-dhexe ayaa marka hore ku adkaystay daacadnimada Mediaset iyaga oo kor u qaadaya "dhaxalka qaranka" ka dibna diidey in ay adeegsadaan xukunka ay tahay in la siiyo inta jeer ee shabakada 4 ilaa Europa 7. Inta lagu jiro sanadaha 5 ee dawladda bidix dhexe, wareejinta Mediaset ayaa ku dhufatay 25 jeer https://michelesantoro.it/2013/04/violante-berlusconi-discorso-parlamento-sul-conflitto-dinteressi/ . Soo noqoshada Berlusconi, xogta laga helay Sanduuqa Lacagta Adduunka ayaa muujisay in, intii u dhaxaysay 2001 iyo 2011, GDP-ga dhabta ah ee qof kasta, taas oo ah, hantida uu soo saaro qof kasta oo Talyaani ah oo tixgelinaya sicir-bararka, ayaa hoos u dhacay 3.1%. Waxqabadkii ugu xumaa ee aagga Euro oo dhan, marka loo eego in muddadaas Qaaradda Hore ee Talyaanigu kaliya uu lahaa calaamad "laga jaray". Tobankii sano ee 2001-2011, markii aan hoos u dhacnay, dhammaan dalalka kale ayaa sii kordhaya: laga bilaabo Jarmalka (12.9%) ilaa Giriigta, haa xitaa Giriigta. Taas oo keliya ma aha: haddii 2001 farqiga u dhexeeya GDP-ga qofkasta iyo kan Jarmalku uu ahaa 1,610 euro, 2011 wuxuu afar laabmay ilaa 6,280 euro. Tirada dadka Talyaaniga ah ee ku nool faqiirnimo buuxda ayaa gaartay rikoor 3.5 milyan ah. Shaqaaluhuna waxay bilaabeen inay hoos u dhacaan, gaar ahaan dhalinyarada, halka Cavaliere uusan helin wax ka fiican inuu sameeyo marka loo eego inuu abuuro shaqo halis ah Sharciga 30 ee 2003. Tobankii sano ee mugdiga ahaa, Berlusconi wuxuu xukumay 8 sano oo ka baxsan 10. 

Sannadkii 2011, maneuverkii ugu dambeeyay ee labada B.-Tremonti ayaa ka tagay dhaxal culus: tallaabooyin aan la daboolin oo loogu talagalay 20 bilyan euro. Lacagta la helayo Sebtembar 30, 2012 oo leh dib-u-habayn - aan xitaa la qeexin - ee canshuur dhimis. Haddii kale, gooyn toosan ayaa kicin doonta. Xukuumadda Monti waxay qaadataa inta badan qiimaha aan la jeclayn ka dibna waxay helaysaa, iyada oo ka soo qaadaysa fasallada ugu liita, 13.4 ka mid ah 20 bilyan, halka inta soo hartay loo gudbin doono dawladaha xiga.
Kuwani waa hal-ku-dhegyadii ugu waaweynaa ee dhammaan toddobada olole ee doorashada Berlusconi. Waa wax laga xishoodo in mar dawladda, Cavaliere uusan waligiis u suurtagelin inuu kacaano Irpef ama dhammaan nidaamka canshuuraha. Dawladdiisii ​​labaad, oo ahayd tii keli ahayd ee dhammaatay sharci-dejinta, culayska cashuuraha (tusaale ahaan dhacdooyinka cashuuraha ee GDP) ayaa hoos u dhacay dhawr dhibcood oo tobanle ah shantii sano ee la soo dhaafay, iyada oo aan cidina dareemin. Taasi waa (Istat data) waxay ka socotaa 40.1% 2001 ilaa 39.1 ee 2005. Saddexdii sano ee dawladnimadiisa saddexaad, iyada oo aan la helin halbeeg dhaqaale oo wax looga qabanayo dhibaatooyinka maaliyadeed ee caalamiga ah, culeyska canshuurtu dhab ahaantii wuu kordhay: laga bilaabo 41.3 ee 2008 ilaa 41.6 ee 2011. Ka fog cashuurta qof walba: canshuur yar oo loogu talagalay dadka oo dhan. khayaano, kuwaas oo ka faa'iidaysanaya cafis joogto ah iyo "cashuurta gaashaan". 

Sababta mega-flop-maaliyadeedku waa mid fudud: sida populist weyn ee uu had iyo jeer ahaa, B. waligiis ma rabin in la yareeyo kharashaadka hadda (sida Prodi uu sameeyay), taasoo ka dhigaysa hoos u dhigista joogtada ah ee culeyska canshuurta aan macquul ahayn. Inta u dhaxaysa 1999 iyo 2005 (muddadii labada sano ee D'Alema iyo Amato iyo muddada shanta sano ee Berlusconi), kharashka isticmaalka kama dambaysta ah ee Maamulka Dadweynaha, halkaas oo qashinka dhabta ah been, kordhay 3.3% sanadkii. Waxayna kaliya ku istaagtay dawladii labaad ee Prodi (2006-2008). Aynu aragno faahfaahinta, oo uu dhawaan soo koobay Sergio Rizzo ee La Repubblica. Kharashka dadweynaha ee 2001 wuxuu ahaa in ka badan 600 bilyan, halka dhamaadka 2011 ay ku dhowdahay 800 (797,971), iyada oo korodhka lacageed ee 32.8 boqolkiiba iyo kobaca dhabta ah (ka dib markii laga jaray sicir bararka) 8.5: taas oo ah, 62 bilyan. Lacag si fiican loo qaatay? Waan aragnaa. 62-kaas bilyan, 57 ka mid ah waxay ku dhammaadeen cutubka daryeelka: badidoodu waxay ahaayeen hawlgab. "Cutubkaas - ayuu qoray Rizzo - kaas oo nuugay 36.1% kharashka dadweynaha ee 2001, wuxuu gaadhay 40.4% 2011. Kharashka weyn ee gargaarka ee ay sababtay dhibaatada ayaa hubaal ah inuu wax ka qabanayo. waxbarashada ayaa la dhimay 10.2%: 7 bilyan iyo badh dhabta ah ayaa lumay tobankaas sano, sidaas darteed, waxaan maalgashannay dadka waayeelka ah, iska indha tiraya dhalinyarada. Ka dib waxaa jira lacagihii la khasaariyay. Tusaale ahaan, kharashka ciidanku wuxuu kordhay 35.2%, halka kharashka dhaqanka uu hoos u dhacay 31.7%. 

Daaweeyaha iskiis u yaqaan ee dhaqaalaha dadweynaha waxba ma qaban, laakiin kordhinta deynta dadweynaha: + 539 bilyan,ku dhowaad dhammaan mahad isaga. Nasiib wanaag, lacagta euro-da ee aadka loo xumaado, isla muddadaas, waxay sababtay heerka dulsaarka curaarta dawladda inuu hoos u dhaco ku dhawaad ​​18 bilyan oo dhab ah. 

 Dawladdii labaad ee Berlusconi, maalgelinta sanduuqa caafimaadka qaranka waxay ka qaraxday 71.3 bilyan 2001 ilaa 93.2 bilyan 2006 (in ka dib waxay kordhin doontaa 20 bilyan oo kale 10 sano gudahood). Sababta: Shuruudaha gunnada ee ku biirista euro-da ayaa daalan, heerka dulsaarka hooseeya ayaa oggolaanaya kordhinta maalgelinta daryeelka caafimaadka dadweynaha (iyo daryeelka caafimaadka gaarka ah ee heshiiska, kaas oo macno ahaan qarxay gaar ahaan gobollada ay maamusho midig-dhexe). Laakiin xilligaas, iyo xitaa in ka badan oo ka mid ah dawladda saddexaad ee Berlusconi, ayaa lagu xasuusan doonaa sababo aad u kala duwan: fashilka federaalka daryeelka caafimaadka (oo ay rabaan labada bidix ee dhexe iyo midigta dhexe), taas oo ay ahayd inay ka dhigaan gobollada mas'uul ka ah iyaga oo siinaya miisaaniyad iyo heerarka saxda ah ee ixtiraamka (Lea: heerarka muhiimka ah ee gargaarka). Taa beddelkeeda weligeed ma shaqayn doonto. Runtii - sida uu sharaxay dhaqaaleyahan Gilberto Turati, oo ah khabiir ku takhasusay siyaasadaha caafimaadka ee Jaamacadda Katooliga ee Rome - ee hoos yimaada Berlusconi mabda'a ayaa la aasaasay, "si loo dammaanad qaado Lea, ugu yaraan kharashaadka sannadkii hore ayaa loo baahan yahay, markaa sharciyadu dhab ahaantii waxay dhiirigeliyaan Gobollada si ay u qaataan wax badan oo dheeraad ah ". Haddaba, si loo naaxiyo macaamiisha iyo maafiyada caafimaadka, adeegyada bulshada ayaa si bahalnimo ah loo jarayaa. Laga soo bilaabo 2008 ilaa 2011, sanduuqa siyaasadaha qoysku wuxuu ka socday 346.5 milyan (2008) ilaa 52.5 (2011), sanduuqa siyaasadaha dhalinyarada laga bilaabo 137.4 milyan ilaa 32.9, sanduuqa isku filnaansho la'aanta kaas oo maalgeliya gargaarka dadka aadka u xanuunsan min 300 milyan ilaa eber
Berlusconi "dib u habeyn" ee waxbarashada dadweynaha, oo ay hogaaminayaan Letizia Moratti (2003) iyo Maria Stella Gelmini (2008), oo ku salaysan falsafada "privatist-confindustria", waxay kicisaa cadaawad isku mid ah macalimiinta, ardayda iyo qoysaska, iyada oo aan la xalin dhibaatooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee qaybta, laakiin halkii ay ka sii dari lahaayeen. Dawladdii saddexaad ee Berlusconi ayaa markaa dhamaystirtay shaqada iyada oo gooysay sanduuqa maalgelinta caadiga ah ee Jaamacadda laga bilaabo 7.4 bilyan 2008 ilaa 6.9 ee 2011. Waxay ku soo noqon doontaa in ka badan 7 bilyan oo keliya 2014. 

Xagga shaqooyinka fircooniga ah ee aan faa'iido doonka ahayn, Berlusconi's ace ee godka, Sharciga Ujeeddada, ayaa isu rogay masiibo xilliyeedka miisaaniyadda dadweynaha. Miyay ahayd inay dardar geliso dhismaha kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha iyadoo dammaanad qaadaysa qiimayaasha qaarkood? Hagaag, dhamaadkii 2011 waa la dhameeyay kaliya 10% shaqada la qorsheeyay, iyadoo kharashaadku meel walba ku qarxo. Ma aha in la xuso qaar ka mid ah hadiyado yaryar oo ur leh sida kuwa ay si naxariis leh u bixiyeen fadeexada musuqmaasuqa ee Muuse ee Venice. Lacagaha xorta ah, sida lagu sheegay daraasad ay samaysay dawladda Monti, waxay kordhin lahayd kharashka ku baxa wax soo iibsiga dadweynaha ilaa 40%. 

Sannadkii 2011-kii ayuu go’aansaday in uu Talyaanigu u oggolaado in uu ka qayb qaato dagaalka Liibiya ee ka dhanka ah saaxiibkiis iyo saaxiibkii Qadaafi, isaga oo u hoggaansamay cadaadiska Obama, Sarkozy iyo Napolitano, iyada oo ay taasi keentay koror weyn oo dhinaca dhulka ah. Laakiin ma aha oo kaliya: cafiska ugu weyn ee "qarsoon" ama soogalootiga aan caadiga ahayn ayaa saxiixiisa, iyo sidoo kale codadka FI, AN iyo Lega Nord (qiyaastii 800 kun oo codsiyo, kuwaas oo 694,224 la aqbalay, 2002 oo keliya, iyada oo lala kaashanayo ansixinta sharciga Bossi-Fini). Sannadkii 2003, dawladda Berlusconi waxay saxeexday axdiga Yurub ee loo yaqaan "Dublin II" iyada oo aan la garaacin indho-shareer: qof kasta oo ka soo degaya Talyaaniga wuxuu joogayaa Talyaaniga. Sannadkii 2009, dawladdii saddexaad ee B., oo haddana haysata codadka Leegada, ayaa billowday cafis labaad oo loogu talagalay soogalootiga aan caadiga ahayn (294,744 codsi waa la aqbalay).

### '''Saamaynta'''
Laga soo bilaabo 1995 ilaa 2016, saamiga ay haystaan ​​kuwa ugu qanisan 1% ayaa kordhay 16% ilaa 22%, 0.1% ee ugu sarreeya waxay arkeen koror celcelis ahaan hantida saafiga ah ee € 7.6 milyan ilaa € 15.8 milyan ee 2016, oo ka socday 5.5% ilaa 9.3%, kuwa ugu qanisan 0.01% maalkooda ayaa ka kacay 5% 10% oo ka soo kacay 44% ilaa 56% halka celceliska 40% ay arkeen hoos u dhac boqolkiiba 5 ah iyo 50% saboolka ah (kala badh dadweynaha) waxay ka tageen xakamaynta 11.7% kaliya 3.5% hantida, taas oo u dhiganta 80% hoos u dhac ku yimid celceliska hantida saafiga ah (laga bilaabo € 27,000 ilaa €7,000 qiimaha 2016)https://www.finanze.gov.it/export/sites/finanze/.galleries/Documenti/Varie/Wealth_inequality_Italy-04-May-2021.pdf Taa beddelkeeda 1994kii Berlusconi hantidiisu waxay ahayd 162 milyan oo Yuuro https://www.repubblica.it/economia/2012/10/26/news/la_discesa_in_campo_ha_portato_bene_a_berlusconi-45381118/ halka wax yar ka hor dhimashadiisa ay ahayd €6.42 bilyan ($6.8 bilyan) oo korodhay 40 jeer! noqday qofka saddexaad ee ugu qanisan Talyaaniga  https://forbes.it/2023/04/04/miliardari-italiani-giovanni-ferrero-ricco-2023/halka laga soo bilaabo 1991 ilaa 2022 mushaharka dhabta ah ee Talyaanigu uu kordhay kaliya 1%https://www.inapp.gov.it/stampa-e-media/comunicati-stampa/14-dicembre-2023-lavoro-inapp-ripresa-con-il-freno-a-mano-tirato-pesano-bassi-salari-scarsa-produttivita-poca-formazione  hoos u dhac kale oo 7% ah hal sano https://pagellapolitica.it/fact-checking/ocse-salari-italia-2023  qoysaska iyo muwaadiniinta saboolka ah waxay ka tageen 10.2% iyo 11.5% 1994 https://www.lavoro.gov.it/sites/default/files/archivio-doc-pregressi/Documents/Resources/Lavoro/CIES/LapovertainItalia1995.pdf, 2011 ka dib 17 sano oo Berlusconism ah.https://www.istat.it/comunicato-stampa/la-poverta-in-italia-anno-2011/ 12 sano saboolnimada qoysaska iyo shakhsiyaadka ayaa hoos ugu dhacay 8.5% iyo 9.8% 2023 https://www.ilpost.it/2024/05/19/poverta-assoluta-lavoro-inflazione/