Shataranjiga

**chess (ciyaar)** (;)   ama *shataranjiga* waa ciyaar alwaax miis ee lagu tala galay  labo ciyaartoy. 

Chess waa ciyaar xeeladeed ah oo aan lahayn macluumaad qarsoon iyo waxyaabo nasiib, ayaan ama kama' ah. Waxaa lagu ciyaaraa madal ciyaar oo afar gees ah oo loo yaqaan "chess", oo ka kooban 64 afargees oo lagu habeeyay qaab 8×8. Ciyaartoyda, oo loo yaqaan "Caddaan" iyo "Madow", mid walba wuxuu maamulaa 16 gabal: boqor, boqorad, laba daar, laba baadari (chess), laba fardoole, iyo sideed hoosjooge. Caddaan ayaa marka hore dhaqaaqda, kadibna Madow ayaa dhaqaaqda; ka dib dhaqaaqyada ayaa gafootan, gafeysi, dhaafdhaafi, tallantaali, darandoori ama u moogtan noqda. Ujeeddada ciyaarta waa in la gaadho kaalinta *jeegmayd*. Sidoo kale, waxaa jira siyaabo kala duwan oo ciyaar lagu soo gabagabeyn karo barbardhac.

## FIDE
Xiriirka Caalamiga ah ee Chess-ka (**FIDE**, ee Faransiiska Fédération Internationales des Échecs) ayaa mas'uul ka ah horumarinta shuruucda ciyaarta iyo la socodka u hoggaansanaantooda.

FIDE waa urur kulmiya in ka badan 200 oo ka mid ah ururada shataranjiga qaranka ee shanta qaaradood.  Waxaa la aasaasay París(**France**) bishii luulyo 20, 1924, waxay qaadatay hal-ku-dhiggeeda "Gens una Sumus" (Laatiin, Waxaan nahay hal qoys).

Waxay mas'uul ka tahay abaabulka **Horyaalada Adduunka** (labadaba jinsi, waayeel iyo da'yarba) iyo **Olombikada Chess-ka**.  Waxay dejisaa xeerarka tartanka, waxay xisaabisaa qiimaynta ciyaartoyga, waxayna abaal-marinaysaa koobab sharafeed caalami ah.  Sannadkii 1999-kii, FIDE waxaa aqoonsaday **Guddiga Olombikada Caalamiga ah** (IOC) laba sano ka dib, IOC-da xeerarka ka hortagga doping-ga ee tartamada Shataranjiga ayaa la soo bandhigay.

### Madaxweynayaasha FIDE
* 1924 - 1939:  Alexander Rueb,  Holland  
* 1939 - 1946:  Augusto de Muro, 
* 1946 - 1949:  Alexander Rueb,  Holland
* 1949 - 1970:  Folke Rogard, Iswiidhan
* 1970 - 1978:  Max Euwe,  Holland
* 1978 - 1982:  Fridik Olafsson,  Ayslaan
* 1982 - 1995:  Florencio Campomanes,  Filibiin
* 1995 - 2018:  Kirsan Ilyumzhinov,  
* 2018 - ....:  Arkady Dvorkovich,  

## Horyaalka Shataranjiga Adduunka

Sannadkii 1886-kii, saddex naadi oo Maraykan ah oo Chess-ka ayaa abaabulay ciyaar dhexmartay labadii ciyaartoy ee wakhtigaas ugu caansanaa: Wilhelm Steinitz (Awstriya) iyo Johannes ZuKertort (Jarmalka).  Si loo siidaayo sumcad weyn, waxay tilmaameen in ku guuleystaha loo aqoonsan doono inuu yahay  Horyaalkii ugu horeeyay ee Chess-ka Aduunka.  Steinitz wuu guuleystay, wixii markaas ka dambeeyayna boqorku wuxuu dooran tartame wuuxuuna dejin doonaa xaaladaha ciyaaraha iyo dhaqaalaha.

Sannadkii 1924-kii ayaa la aasaasay FIDE, waxaana la isku dayay in la xakameeyo ururkeeda, balse dadaalladaas ayaa fashilmay, kaddib markii ay ka soo horjeesteen horyaalladii kala duwanaa.  1946, geeridii Alekhine ka dib, FIDE waxay si go'aan leh u qaadatay hindisaha waxayna dejisay marxaladda xulashada musharraxiinta jagada bannaan iyo habka loo go'aamin doono tartamayaasha mustaqbalka.

 
* 1886 - 1894:  Wilhelm Steinitz,  Awstriya
* 1894 - 1921:  Emanuel Lasker,  Jarmalka
* 1921 - 1927:  José Raúl Capablanca,  Kuuba
* 1927 - 1935:  Alexander Alekhine,  
* 1935 - 1937:  Max Euwe, Holland
* 1937 - 1946:  Alexander Alekhine,  
* 1948 - 1957:  Mikhail Botvinnik,  Midowga Sofiyet
* 1957 - 1958:  Vasily Smyslov,  Midowga Sofiyet
* 1958 - 1960:  Mikhail Botvinnik,  Midowga Sofiyet
* 1960 - 1961:  Mikhail Tal,  Midowga Sofiyet
* 1961 - 1963:  Mikhail Botvinnik,  Midowga Sofiyet
* 1963 - 1969:  Tigran Petrosian,  Midowga Sofiyet
* 1969 - 1972:  Boris Spassky,  Midowga Sofiyet
* 1972 - 1975:  Robert Fischer,  
* 1975 - 1985:  Anatoly Karpov,  Midowga Sofiyet
* 1985 - 1993:  Garry Kasparov,  Midowga Sofiyet
* 1993 - 1999:  Anatoly Karpov,  
* 1999 - 2000:  Aleksandr Khalifman,  
* 2000 - 2002:  Viswanathan Anand,  Hindiya
* 2002 - 2004:  Ruslan Ponomariov,  
* 2004 - 2005:  Rustam Kasimdzhanov,  
* 2005 - 2006:  Veselin Topalov,  Bulgaariya
* 2006 - 2007:  Vladimir Kramnik,  
* 2007 - 2013:  Viswanathan Anand,  Hindiya
* 2013 - 2023:  Magnus Carlsen,  Norway
* 2023 - 2024:  Ding Liren,  
* 2024 - ....:  Dommaraju Gukesh,  Hindiya

## Sidoo kale fiiri
* Feedh
* Ciyaaro
* Noocyada Dagaalka Ciyaaraha

## Tixraac