open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Muzvina

Shoko rokuti muzvina rinoshandiswa kureva muridzi kana mwene wechiro chiri kurehwa. Asi shoko iri rinotaurawo uyo anoshandisa chiro chiri kurehwa, anokwanisa kuva iye mwene wacho kana akabata chete anova ndiye anochishandisa. Sokuti muzvinapembe anokwanisa kune ari kuridza pembe isiri yake. 

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Muzvinapembe ishoko rinoshandiswa kutaura anonzi *referee* wemitambo inenge nhabvu kuChirungu.

*Tine mufungo mumwechete muzvinabhizinisi anokwanisa kunge ariye maneja mukuru anotungamira bhizinisi rine varidzi varo, asi iye ariye ane hudaviri pamusoro paro. Somuenzaniso makambani makuru anotora mukokeri mukuru anobva aita saiye muzvinabhizinisi nokuti mukokeri mukuru anotunamira bhizinisi zuvanezuva achizopa zvibereko kuvaridzi varo. Iye mukokeri mukuru anetenge ariwo mushandi wekambani.  Muzvinabhizinisi anokwanisa zvakare kuva iye muridzi achirishanda zuvanezuva.

## Chirevo

*Akura arehwa. One who has grown up is spoken of. 

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Lunyoro inoti **okutunga** (v. possess), kuva mwene. Lunyoro inoti **omutungi** kana **omukama** kureva mwene. Zigula inoti **kuvina** (v. to dance, to play).
*VaNyoro vanoti **itungo** (n. property) kureva nhumbi kana pfuma.VaTonga vanoti **fwua** kana **fwuba** (v. possess) kureva kuva mwene.
*Digo inoti **mchina** (n. owner) vachireva muzvina kana mwene. VaDigo vanoti **mchina-nyumba** (n. house owner) kureva mwene wemba.
*Digo inoti **mchina-dambi** (n. one who has sin) kureva mutadzi. Anufe inoti jin (v. To do; to make; to cause; to manage; to create; to perform).
Mugwazo

Mugwazo (Piece Job; assigned task) ibasa rinopiwa munhu rokuti akanga apedza basa iroro anenge otenderwa kukumuka achienda kumba. Mhando yebasa rakadai inowanza kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzinorimwa dzakadai semaruwa nemapurazi. Kazhinji vakuru vebasa vanenge vachida kuti ndima iri kusakurwa ikasire yapedzwa saka vanopa munhu umwe neumwe ndima yake yezuva iroro. Nguva zhinji inenge iri mizera yaanofanirwa kushanda kuti munhu azokotoka achienda kumba.

Asiwo mugwazo unokwaniswa kuitwa kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzisiri dzekurima.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Barotse vanoti **mukwazo** (piece-work) kureva mugwazo.
*VaLozi vanoti **-kwaza** (v.t. to complete an appointed task - derived from mukwazo) kureva kugwaza.
Dare reVakokeri

Sachigaro weDare reVakokeri *(Chairman of the Board)* mumwe pakati pevaSadare anotungamira mabasa nemisangano yavo.

Mukokeri wekunze *(Non-executive director or outside director)* anenge ari nhengo yeDare reVakokeri asi asiri mukokeri mushandi.

Mukokeri Mukuru kana kuti Mukokeri Muzvinabamba *(Managing Director or Chief Executive Officer)*' anenge ari mushandi wesangano uye ari nhengo yeDare reVakokeri aine basa rokutungamira mabasa esangano zuvanezuva. Mukokeri Mukuru anoshanda ari pasi peDare reVakokeri achipanga mazano mudare iri.

Mukokeri webamba kana kuti Mukokeri wemukati  *(Executive Director or inside director)* anenge ari mukokeri anoshandira sangano riri kutaurwa nezvaro zuva-nezuva, ari anoona kuti zvirongwa zvedare revakokeri, zviri kutevedzerwa nokuwaniswa midziyo, mari nehumhizha hunodikwana mubazi raanotungamira.

Mukokeri weMushininga *(Chief Operating Officer or Operations Director)* anenge ari mukokeri uye mushandi weSangano anotungamira mabasa esangano mazuva ose. Mukokeri weMushaninga anoshanda ari pasi peMukokeri Mukuru.

Kuronza (deputizing) zvinoreva kufana kubata chigaro cheuwo asipo kana kuva mutevedzeri wemukuru panzvimbo. Wacho anenge ari mutevedzeri anokwanisa kunzi muronzi.

Mukokeri wezveMari kana kuti Mukokeri wezveMuduso *(Finance Director or Chief Financial Officer)*

Mukokeri wezveVashandi *(Human Resources Director)*

Mukokeri wezveKutengeserana *(Marketing Director)*
Dunhu reMashonaland Central

**Dunhu reMashonaland Central** rimwe remazunde ari munyika yeZimbabwe. Nharaunda yezunde iri yakakura 28,347 km² uye rine hugari hwevanhu 998,265 (2002), ava vanhu vari zvikamu 8.5% zvehugari hwevanhu veZimbabwe. Guta reBindura ndiro guta guru redunhu.

## Maruwa eMashonaland Central
Zunde reMashonaland Central rakaumbwa nemabuwa manomwe anoti:

*Bindura
*Centenary
*Guruve
*Mount Darwin
*Rushinga
*Shamva
*Mazowe
Zanu-PF

Zanu-PF ibato rezvematongerwo enyika rakambotonga kwemakore mazhinji muZimbabwe. Kubva gore 2008 kusvika pari zvino 2013 bato reZanu-PF riri kutonga pamwe nebato reMDC zvichitevera chibvumirano chakaitwa mugore 2008 cheHurumende yeKuwadzanisa muNyika, *Government of National Unity*.

Emmerson Mnangagwa new president in November 2017.

Mutungamiri webato wemakore makumi mana neshanu Robert Mugabe, anofa musi waGunyana 6, 2019, aine makore makumi maviri nemasere.
Skweya remita

*<small>peji rino rinoda kugadziriswa.</small>*

**Skweya remita** (nge. *square metre; [[Chingezi che Amerika|NgeA]]: square meter*) kana **skweya mita**, idherivhiti yuniti ye MP ye ruwa ine chikwangwani **m<sup>2</sup>**. Iruwa reskweya rine mativi ane urefu hwe mita rimwechete.

## Mashoko ashandiswa

* Mayuniti e Mutandira we Pasirose (International System derived units)
* **MP** i SI
Mukokeri wekunze

Mukokeri wekunze *(Non-executive director or outside director)* anenge ari nhengo yeDare reVakokeri asi asiri mukokeri webamba.
Mukova (pokupinda)

**Mukova** (*Port of Entry* kuEnglish) inzvimbo inopindwa nayo nevanhu pamwe nenhumbi kana vachipinda kana kubuda munyika. Takatarisana nehushangazhi, mukova inzvimbo yakatenderwa pamutemo wenyika kuti ipindwe nayo nevanhu kana nhumbi. Pamitemo yenyika pamukova ndipo chete panotenderwa kupinda kwevanhu nenhumbi 

## Mhando dze[[Mikova_(pokupinda)|Mikova]]

Mukova unogona kuva pamuganhu wenyika kana kuva mukati menyika.

*Mikova iri pamiganhu yenyika yeZimbabwe anosanganisira: Beitbridge; Plumtree; Kazungula; Kariba; Chirundu; Nyamapanda; Forbes zvichingodaro. Mikova iyi inobatanidza Zimbabwe nenyika dzakaipoteredza dzinoti: Mozambique; South Africa; Botswana; Namibia; neZambia.

*Mikova iri mukati menyika inosanganisira: Harare Airport; Joshua Nkomo Airport neVictoria Falls Airport; iyi mikova yendege. Panzvimbo idzi ndipo panopinda napo vanhu nezvinhu zviri kuuya nendege.

*Nyika dzine miganhu negungwa dzinoitawo mikova ari pamahombekombe egungwa. Somuenzaniso Mozambique ine mikova inoti: Maputo; Beira neNampula. South  Africa ine mikova inoti: Durban; Cape Town neRichards Bay.

***Mukova** weBeitbridge ndiwo unopinda nenhumbi dzakawanda kunyanya muZimbabwe. Mukova weVictoria Falls unobatanidza nyika dzinoti Zimbabwe, Zambia neNamibia paCaprivi Strip.

## Mabasa epaMukova

*Kuchengetedza mitemo yenyika.
*Kutendera nokudzivisa kupinda kwenhumbi zvichitevedza mitemo yenyika.
*Kutendera nokudzivisa kupinda kwevanhu zvichitevedza mitemo yenyika.
*Kutambira mitero inobhadharwa pakupinda kwenhumbi nevanhu munyika yeZimbabwe.
*Pamasuwo pane zvakagadzirwa kutura mitoro yakasiyana inofambiswa nezvikepe nemota huru dzemagonyeti. Izvi zvinosanganisira macrane nemaforklift.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Mang'anja vanoti **mturukiro** (way of exit) kureva kwekubudira. Zvichibva pakuti **turuka** zvichireva kubuda.
Gideon Gono

**Gideon Gono** (akaberekwa 29 November 1959) ndiye Mukokeri Mukuru weReserve Bank of Zimbabwe (RBZ) uye akambenge ari mukokeri mukuru weJewel Bank, inova yaimbonzi Commercial Bank of Zimbabwe.

## Mavambo neKukura kwaGono

Gideon Gono akatanga kushanda mugore 1977 ari mubiki wetiyi kukambani yeNational Breweries kuKweKwe. Murume uyu akanyora bvunzo dze*O-level* ne*A-level* achidzidza ari kumba. Akazoshandira Zimbabwe Fertiliser Company semuchengeti wemabhuku ezvemari - *Bookkeeper*. Mushure mekushandira Van Leer basa ra*Accountant* akashevedzwa kuita Maneja wezveMuduso *(Finance Manager)* ku Zimbabwe Development Bank (ZDB) mugore 1987. Akazosiya basa kuZimbabwe Development Bank mugore 1995, panguva iyo anga ava Maneja weBambarose *General Manager*. Akazokwirira achiita Mukokeri Muzvinabamba webhanga rakaparara reBank of Credit and Commerce of Zimbabwe (BCCZ). Gono anozivikanwa saiye munhu akamutsiridza bhanga reBCCZ rakanga rakundika, ndokurisimbisa rava kunzi  The Commercial Bank of Zimbabwe, kana kuti 'Jewel Bank'. Bhanga iri rakazokura rikabva rozivikanwa serimwe remabhanga makuru munyika yeZimbabwe. Kumutsurudza kwaakaita bhanga iri kwaita kuti Gideon Gono awonekere nokuva nomukurumbira izvo zvakabatsira kuti azopiwa basa reMukokeri Mukuru weReserve Bank of Zimbabwe

Gideon Gono akaverenga akapiwa degree reMasters in Business Administration paUniversity of Zimbabwe, akazova murariridzi pachikoro ichi uye akagadzwa kuti atungamire Dareguru reUniversity of Zimbabwe. Chikoro chikuru ichi chakamupawo dhigiri roruremekedzo
Vanhu vemumaruwa

Shoko rokuti vanhu vemumaruwa riri kushandiswa pano kureva vanonzi *civilians* kuChirungu - apa kureva vanhu vakazvigarira munzvimbo dzakagarwa nevanhu vasiri vemawuto.
Bhora Musango

Shoko rokuti bhora musango (decampaigning someone) rinotaurwa kureva apo munhu ari mubato rezvamatongerwo enyika anenge achifukura hapwa dzebato rake, achiramba kushambadzira bato rake mune zvakarurama zvaro. Panzvimbo yekuti mumiriri webato mudunhu rekuvhota ataure mashoko anokwezva vanhu kuti vavhotere bato rake, anoshanduka achitaura mashoko anoita kuti vanhu vavenge kana kusema bato rake. 

Chiitiko ichi chinonzi chakaitika pavhoti yegore 2008 apo panonzi vamwe vamiriri veZanu-PF vakaramba kushambadzira mukuru wavo vaRobert Mugabe kuti vange vachivhoterwa kuva mutungamiri wenyika. Kunonzi ivo vamiriri pachavo vakanga vazvishambadza kuti vavhoterwe asi vaisada kuti vaMugabe vadzokere pakuva mutungamiri wenyika.
Baradzarudzi

Shoko rokuti baradzarudzi (genocide kuChirungu) rinoreva chirongwa chakanangana nokuparadza vanhu verumwe rudzi vanhu ava vachiurayiwa nenzira yakarongwa neavo vanenge varangana kuti vaite huipi hwakadaro. Chiitiko chebaradzarudzi chakaitika kuEurope panguva yeHondo yePasirose yeChipiri apo pakaurayiwa maJudah vanosvika mamiriyoni matanhatu (6m) vakapondwa nemawuto aitungamirwa nemutongi godzonga (tyrant, dictator) ainzi Adolf Hitler. Nhoroondo yejambwa iri inowanikwa pachinyorwa chinonzi rushigido.

Baradzarudzi rakaitikawo zvakare munyika yeRwanda apo pakava nekupondwa kwemhomho yevanhu verudzi rwechiTutsi vachipondwa nevanhu verudzi rwechiHutu mugore 1994. Izvi zvakaitika kwenguva inokwana mazuva zana (100); nhamba inomisikidzwa yevanhu vakapondwa iri pakati pe 500,000 kusvika 1,000,000 vari chikamu chemakumi maviri pazana (20%) chevagari vemuRwanda panguva iyoyo.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Didinya kana didinyn'a (ideo of Being completely dead. 2. of Dying suddenly). 
*Kudidinya kana kudidinyn'adza (Kill suddenly; Die suddenly) kureva kukwishura kana kukwishuka.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*MaZulu vanoti **phephetha** (Clear off, destroy, wipe out.) vachireva kuparadza zvachose nerufu. 
*MaZulu vanoti **Isifo sabaphephetha abantu kulendawo** vachireva chirwere chakavapedza vanhu venzvimbo iyi.
*MaZulu vanoti **khu6isa** (v. Finish completely, wipe out, annihilate) vachireva kuparadza rudzi rwose.
*MaZulu vanoti **inku6isa** kana **izinku6isa** (v. Destruction, annihilation, wiping out) vachireva kuparadza rudzi rwose.
Kupondwa kwemhomho

Shoko rokuti kuponda mhomho kana kuti kupondwa kwemhomho rinotaura kupondwa kwevanhu vazhinji vachipondwa panguva imwechete kana kuti muchinguva chipfupi pasina nguva yokuti zvambokasa.

Muenzaniso wekupondwa kwemhomho unoonekwa pajambwa rerutsvamhumburu pakaurayiwa maJudah vanosvika mamiriyoni matanhatu (6m) panguva yeHondo yePasirose yeChipiri.
Kamba dzekuuraya

**Kamba dzekuuraya** kana kuti kamba dzekupfuudza (**Extermination camps** or **death camps** kuChirungu) zvinotaura kamba dzakavakwa neBato reNazi rekuGermany munguva yeHondo yePasirose yeChipiri (1939–45) izvi zvichiitwa nechinangwa chekuuraya mamiriyoni evanhu. Nzvimbo idzi dzaishandiswa nhungu dzechefu yegasi uye kushandisa vanhu kwenguva ndefu vasina chokudya chakakwana. Kwakaurayiwa vanhu vemarudzi akawanda asi vanhu vechiJudah ndivo vakanyanya kuurayiwa. Baradzarudzi iri ndiyyo yakanga iriyo nzira yakasarudzwa neBato reNazi kupedza Chinetso chemaJudah 

## Nhoroondo
 

Kamba dzekuuraya kana kuti kamba dzekupfuudza mazwi maviri anoreva zvimwechete, anoshandisa kureva kamba dzakavakwa nebato reNazi nechinangwa kwete chekuranga vasungwa asi chekuuraya vasungwa vakanga vaunzwa kunzvimbo idzodzi. Apa kuti vasungwa hazvireve kuti vanhu ava vakanga vaine mhosva dzavakanga vapara, vasungwa ava vaisungirwa *kuva verudzi rwavaiva*, maJudah kana maRomani. 

Hurumende yaGermany ichitungamirwa nebato reNazi 1933–45) yakavaka kamba dzekupfudza dzaizezesa muPoland panguva yehutapwa. Kamba idzi dzakanga dzakasiyana nekamba dzekufurutsa dzinenge Dachau neBelsen dzakanga dzavakirwa kuchengetera vanhu vaisungwa mushure mokunge bato reNazi rati vanhu vakazvidzwa zvichitevedza maoenero ematongerwo enyika uye kugarisana munzanga dzemisha. Mumakore ekutanga erutsvamhumburu maJudah vaiendeswa kukamba dzenhapwa asi zvichitanga gore 1942 vakanga voendeswa kukamba dzekuuraya.

Kamba dzekupfuudza dzakanga dzakasiyana nekamba dzechibharo (forced labor camps) idzo dzakavakwa mumatunhu akapambwa neGermany senzvimbo dzaishandiswa vasungwa vaisanganisira vasungwa vehondo vachishanda  sevaranda. Mumakamba ekupfuudza mazhinji vanhu vaifa nerheti yakakwira; zvaiti: vamwe vachiurayiwa, vamwe vachifa nenzara, vamwe nezvirwere, vamwe nekuneta uye hutsinye hwemawuto eGermany.

## Makamba ekupfuudza

Nyanzvi dzenhoroondo yerutsvamhumburu dzinoti bato reNazi rakavaka makamba ekupfuudza matanhatu (6) muPoland panguva yehutapwa. Kamba dzinonzi  Chełmno neAuschwitz II dzakanga dziri kumadoekero kwePoland mumatunhu akabvutwa nemaNazi ekuGermany mugore 1939, mamwe makamba mana akavakirwa mumatunhu ehurumende yePoland. Mazita emakamba aya ndeanotevera:

1. Auschwitz II (Auschwitz-Birkenau)
2. Chełmno
3. Belzec
4. Majdanek
5. Sobibor
6. Treblinka
Nhungu dzechefu yegasi

Shoko rokuti nhungu dzechefu yegasi (Gas chambers kuChirungu) riri kushandiswa pano kureva chombo chekuuraya mhuka kana vanhu chinoshandisa chefu yegasi inopomberwa mumba yakavharika kwose zvokuti hapana pokuti gasi ringabude kana kuti munhu angabude. Gasi rinonyanya kushandiswa sechefu rinonzi **hydrogen cyanide**, asi  **carbon dioxide uye carbon monoxide** dzinomboshandiswawo. nhungu dzechefu yegasi dzaishandiswa senzira yekuuraya vasungwa vainge vatongerwa kufa muUnited States of America mumwaka wechizana 1920. Hurumende yebato reNazi rekuGermany yakashandisa nhungu dzechefu yegasi senzira yokuuraya vanhu vazhinji muzvirongwa zvebaradzarudzi zvakauraya maJudah mamiriyoni matanhatu; chiitiko ichi chinozivikanwa nezita rokuti rutsvamhumburu. Kunonzi nyika yakasununguka yeCroatia yakashandisawo nhungu dzechefu yegasi kukamba yekuuraya yaive kuJasenovac.

## Germany panguva yeNazi

Nhungu dzechefu yegasi dzakashandiswa zvakanyanya muGermany panguva yeNazi, iyi iri nzira yekuparadza vanhu vakaremara mitezo kana pfungwa neavo vaizvidzwa semhandu panhau dzematongerwo enyika. Izvi zvakaitika mumwaka wechikumi 1930 uye 1940. Mugore 1942 mwedzi waJune vasungwa vane chitsama chemazana vaisanganisira 45 vebato remaCommunist rekuNetherlands vakaurayiwa nechefu yegasi paBernburg. Panguva iyi gasi raisarudzwa pakuita izvi raive carbon monoxide iro raitorwa kubva pamuchovha uri kutinhira.

Dzimwe kamba dzekuuraya dzemaNazi dzaishandisa *hydrogen cyanide* yainge yakanhadzirwa seZyklon B.

Panguva yerushigido, nhungu dzechefu yegasi dzakanga dzakavakwa kuti dzikwanise kupinda vanhu vazhinji zvichitevedza murayiro wakanga watemwa nebato reNazi webaradzarudzi waivavarira kuparadza maJudah.  Bato iri rakanga rakateya kuti riuraye vanhu vechiRomani, ngochani, vanhu vakaremara mitezo nepfungwa, nyanzvi dzakadzidza uye vafundisi. Gwaro rakaparurwa neNizkor Project mugore 1941 (September 3) rinoti vasungwa vehondo vekuSoviet Union vanosvika 600 vakaurayiwa neZyklon B pakamba yekuuraya yeAuschwitz, uku ndiko kwakava kutanga kupagidza mashandiro egasi iri paAuschwitz. Magwaro anonyorwa naJürgen Langowski padandirautande anotaura kuti carbon monoxide yakashandiswa kuuraya vanhu pakamba yekuuraya yeTreblinka.
Musungwa wehondo

Izwi rokuti musungwa wehondo kana kuti mubopwa (prisoner of war kuChirungu) rinoreva munhu, angava ari murwi wehondo kana asiri murwi, anobatwa ochengetedzwa nemawuto emhandu, munguva yehondo kana kuti nguva yokunge hondo ichangopera. 

Vasungwa vehondo vanotenherwa mukamba sevatapi nezvikonzero zvinosanganisira:

*Kuitira kudzivisa kusangana kwevasungwa vehondo nevarwi vachiri pahondo,
*Kuchengetedza vasungwa vehondo kuitira kuti vazodzorerwa kunyika dzavo mune zvakanaka mushure mokunge hondo yapera,
*Senzira yokutaridza kukunda muhondo,
*Kuranga masoja emhandu,
*Kuitira kuzosvitsa mhosva dzingadaro dzakaparwa muhondo kumatare emhosva dzehondo,
*Kuti vasungwa ava vashandiswe kuita mabasa angavapo anofanirwa kuitwa,
*Kuitira kuti vatore vasungwa ava kuti vapandutswe vachizova nhengo dzemawuto emhandu yavabata,
*Senzira yekutapa mashoko ehuchenjeri hungava hwechiwuto kana huchechenjeri hwematongerwo enyika,
*Kupingudza mawuto emhandu kuti adzidziswe mafungiro matsva.
Kunyorova

Shoko rokuti kunyorova rinotaura chinhu chinofanirwa kunge chakaoma asi chava nemvura kana mumwe mutuvi. Mbatya dzikange dzayanikwa pazuva dzinowoma asi kana mvura iri padziri isati yapera dzinonzi dzakanyorova. 

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Kana mbatya dzakaita kuzara nemvura dzinonzi dzakatota, kuny'ata kana kuchakwata.
*Mvura iri pachiro inonzi hunyoro - *moisture* kuChirungu.
*Mvura iri mumhepo inonzi munyonhi.
*... asi mhute yakapwititika kubva panyika, ikanyakatisa padera pemavhu eshe: but a mist went up from the earth and watered the whole face of the ground (Genesis 2:6 Bhaibheri reChiNdau).

## Mitauro ye Afrika

*VaTonga vanoti **kuteta** (become soft, become wet) vachireva kupfava. VaTonga vanoti **kuteta** (become wet) vachireva kutota.
*VaTonga vanoti **tete** (adj. damp, moist) vachireva kutota kana kunyorova. VaTonga vanoti **tete** (adj. fresh, green) kureva chinyoro kana **munyoro**?.
*VaSwahili neVaZigula vanoti **kutota** (to be soaked, to get wet) vachireva **kutota**. Zigula vanoti **kutota** (v. to get wet) kureva kutota.
*Dinka vanoti nyaŋ (v. moisten the hands (with water or saliva).) vachireva kunyorovesa mawoko nemvura kana mate.
*Chewa inoti mtota (a wet place in the ground) inzvimbo yakatota. Kirundi inoti gutota (to be saturated wet) kureva kutota.
Kucheza

Izwi rokuti kucheza, kuchedza, kukupura kana kuti kuninira (to signal) zvinoreva kupa chiratidzo chingava chinoitwa neruwoko, neziso, negumbo kana muromo chiri chiito chinozivikanwa pakati pevari kuninirana. Avo vanoninirana vanoziva pakati pavo kuti voita sei kana chiratidzo ici chapiwa.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Mupurisa akaninira motokari dzaibva kuchamhembe kuti dzimire.
*Kutsara  kana kutsarira (to nudge, touch to call attention). Kune zita remhuri rinonzi Tsara.
*Kuchedza kana kucheza (to beckon, to signal, to make a sign).
*Kuchedzera kana kuchezera (to beckon, to signal, to make a sign). Ndakamuchezera neziso. Ndakamuchezera kuti ndichamurova - I warned him that I would beat him.
*Kuchora kana kuninira (to beckon; to make a sign).
*Kuchorera (to beckon to).
Ngochani

Shoko rokuti ngochani (homosexual kuChirungu) rinoreva munhu anoita zvehushumiri hwepabonde achivata nemurume iye pachake ari murume, kana kuvata nemukadzi iye pachake ari mukadzi. Kuti tisiyanise pano tichati kune ngochanirume nengochanikadzi.
Kamba dzenhapwa

Shoko rokuti kamba dzenhapwa (Concentration camp kuChirungu) rinoreva kamba dzinotenherwa vanhu nenzira yekumanikidzwa uye zvisiri pamitemo yakaysarukana. Kazhinji vanhu ava vachigara zvisina kusununguka munzvimbo dzisina kutsvinda uye dzisina kudya kwakakwana. Magariro emukamba dzenhapwa haagamuchirike pamberi pemutemo wenyika zhinji nokuti vanhu vakatapwa havana mukana wekuva nemumiriri pamberi pedare remhosva. Nokumwe kutaura idzi ikamba dzevakokorodzwa vasina mhaka pamberi pemitemo yenyika, chikonzero chekusungwa chiri: ruvengo, rusarurarudzi, rusaruraganda kana imwewo mhando yerusaruraboka.

Munguva yaitonga bato reNazi kuGermany, nyika iyi yakavaka kamba dzenhapwa zhinji dzaitenherwa vanhu vanosanganisira maJudah, vaRomani nengochani. Kamba dzevatapwa dzekutanga dzakavakwa muGermany pakagadzwa Adolf Hitler kuva mutungamiri wehurumende yeGermany muna ndira wa1933. Kamba idzi dzaitenherwa vainzi vavengi vebato reNazi uye vatungamiri vemasangano evashandi; pakupera kwegore 1933 kamba idzi dzakanga dzave nevasungwa 45,000 uye huwandu hwakakura mushure mekupiswa kwakaitwa dare reReich mugorero.
Rwiyo rwezvishuvo zveZimbabwe

Urwu rwiyo rwune mazwi akanyorwa naSolomon Mutsvairo ruri rwiyo rwunosuma zvishuvo zvevana veZimbabwe rwuchiyeuchidzawo nhoroondo yenyika yedu.

Simudzai mureza wedu weZimbabwe   
Yakazvarwa nemoto wechimurenga; 
Neropa zhinji ramagamba 
Tiidzivirire kumhandu dzose 
Ngaikomborerwe nyika yeZimbabwe. 
Tarisai Zimbabwe nyika yakashongedzwa 
Namakomo, nehova, zvinoyevedza 
Mvura ngainaye, minda ipe mbesa 
Vashandi vatuswe, ruzhinji rugutswe 
Ngaikomborerwe nyika yeZimbabwe. 
Mwari ropafadzai nyika yeZimbabwe 
Nyika yamadzitateguru edu tose; 
Kubva Zambezi kusvika Limpopo, 
Navatungamiri vave nenduramo; 
Ngaikomborerwe nyika yeZimbabwe.
Dandiranyika

Shoko rokuti dandiranyika (International kuChirungu) riri kushandiswa kutsanangura chiro (chingava nhau, mutauro, sangano, kambani,  kana mitemo) chinobata nyika dzakawanda, idzi dzingava nyika mbiri kana kudarika. Somuenzaniso Chirungu mutauro wakadandiranyika (International language), apa kureva kuti mutauro unotaurwa munyika dzakawanda dzinodarika nyika imwe. Mutemo Unodandiranyika (International law) mutemo unoshandiswa munyika dzakawanda dzinodarika imwe; mitemo wakatendera kuti Charles Taylor atongwe kudare riri kuHague, kunyika isiyake, mutemo dandiranyika.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

Zvakakosha kuonesana kuti pane nhambo dzokuti shoko rokuti dandiranyika riri nyore kushandisa mukutaura kwoita pamwe pokuti rinoremera zvichienderana nekubatanidzwa kwemazwi ari kutaurwa. Shoko rokuti Pasirose rinokwanisa kushandawo panzvimbo pokuti dandiranyika zvikurur sei kana chirongwa chiri kutaurwa chichibata huzhinji hwenyika dzePasirose. Sarudzo yokuti kwashandiswa izwi ripi, Pasirose kana dandiranyika zvinoenderana nokureruka kutaurwa zviripo zvacho uye kuti shoko rasarudzwa rinokwanisa kunatsa kutsanangura zviripo here.

KuChirungu tinoona kune sangano rinonzi *World Trade Organisation* asi richisiya dzimwe nyika dzakawanda, dzakakurumbira kana dzine hugari hwevanhu vakawanda kubva panhengo dzaro. Kwenguva huru China yakanga isiri nhengo ye**World Trade Organisation** asi iyi ndiyo nyika ine hugari hwevanhu vazhinjisa Pasirose uye ndiyo iri panhamba yechipiri pakutengeserana nhumbi nedzimwe nyika. 

## Masangano akadandiranyika

Masangano akatandira nyika zhinji dzePasirose anosanganisira anotevera:

Sangano reMushando Pasirose, Sangano reMubatanidzwa weAfrica,  Sangano reHutano Pasirose, Sangano reKurima neChokudya, Sangano reMubatanidzwa weNyika Pasirose, Sangano reNhabvu yeMabandiko ePasirose
Sangano reMushando Pasirose

Sangano reMushando Pasirose (International Labour Organisation) isangano rakaumbwa kuti rikuridzire kubatwa kwakanaka kwevashandi munyika dziri Pasirose.
Sangano reNhabvu yeMabandiko ePasirose

Sangano reNhabvu yeMabandiko ePasirose (FIFA - International Federation of Association Football) isangano rakadandiranyika rinotonga kufambiswa kwenhabvu yemabandiko, nhabvu yepajecha nenhabvu yemumba. Sangano iri rine nhengo 209, idzo nhengo dziri masangano enyika dzakasiyana. Muzinda webandiko iri uri kuZurich Switzerland uye mutungamiri waro ndiSepp Blatter.
Sangano reKurima neChokudya

Sangano reKurima neChokudya (SKC) kana kuti (Food and Agriculture Organisation - FAO) ibazi reMubatanidzwa weNyika Pasirose riri sangano rakadandiranyika richiita mabasa ane chinangwa chokurwisa nzara Pasirose. Sangano iri rinoshandira nyika dzakabudirira pamwe nenyika dzichiri kubudirira. Sangano iri rinobata risina kwarakarerekera richisanganisa nyika dzose pahurukuro dzezvibvumirano nokurangana mirawo ine chokuita nekurima uye kuwanikwa kwechokudya. SKC-FAO inopanga mazano ehunyanzvi hwekurima ichibatsira nyika dzichiri kubudirira kuti dzivandudze mabasa ekurima, ekupfuya miti nekuchengeta hove. Mugore 2008 SKC-FAO yakanga ine nhengo dzinokwana 191.
Mutauro wePasirose

Mutauro wePasirose (*World language*) mutauro wakadandiranyika unotarwa nevanhu vazhinji uye unodzidzirwa nevanhu vazhinji semutauro wechipiri. Mutauro wePasirose unoonekwa wakatekeshera munyika zhinji uye uchishandiswa nemasangano akadandiranyika uye mumisangano yenhume dzenyika. Mitauro yePasirose mizhinji yakabva kuEurope ichitekeshera munguva iyo Europe yakanga yakapamba nzvimbo dzakakura.

* Ido, Mutauro wePasirose
Imba yeSatyagraha

Imba yeSatyagraha,sekuzivikanwa kwainoitwa seImba yeGandhi,musha unowanikwa munzvimbo yeJoni waiva waMahatma Gandhi uyezve nzvimbo yaaigara nekushandira pakati kwemakore 1908 ne 1909.Imba yakanyoreswa sechidimbu chenhoroondo yenhaka yeJoni. Imba inowanikwa nekuchengeterwa zvinhu zvaaishandisa munguva yekare uyezve senzvimbo inovhakachirwa nekugarwa nevashanyi. Satyagraha zvinoreva kurudziro yechokwadi. Imba iyi yakagadzirwa zvakafanira nemuvaki Herman Kallenbach achigadzirira Gandhi naiye pachezvake.

## NHOROONDO
Ghandi akagara muSouth Africa kwemakore 21 kubva muna 1893 kusvika  muna1914, kunyangwe zvazvo aimboshanyira nyika ye India zvese ne nyika ye UK. [1]  Zvinonzi Ghandi akazotoziwa nezvehusaruraganda paakasungirwa pachiteshi chechitima che Pietermaritzburg apinda maisabvumirwa vanhu vatema.[2]

Muna 1904, Ghandi akasangana na Kallenbach MuJerimani akanga auya ku South Africa muna 1896. Kallenbach akanga ari bhiridha. Muna 1907, Kallenbach akavaka dzimba mbiri  dzakafanana nedzaivakwa nevatema asi achishandisa zvaishandisa varungu. Imba iyi yakapihwa zita rekuti 'Kraal'  rinoreva danga muchirungu ne Afrikaans.

Imba yeSatyagraha yaive nedanga remhuka nepanotambirwa mutambo weTennis,asi vese vairarama hupenyu hwerunyararo hwakadzikama. Ghandi airara muimba yaive pamusoro paaikwira neladder asi iye naKallenbach vaishandisa vese imba yekubikira nekugamuchira vaenzi muimba yekutandarira.
Imba yacho yaive isina musuwo inosangana,saka vaifanirwa kutanga vabuda mune imwe imba kuti vakwanise kupinda mune imwe imba. Hupenyu hwaKallenbach hwakashandurwa nemararamiro avaiita vari vaviri uyezve mari yaaishandisa iye Kallenbach pachezvake yaidamburwa kagumi pane yaaiwana. Vakabva mugore ra1909,imba yavaigara ikazogarwa nevakawanda mushure mekuzotengwa mugore ra2009 nevezvemabhizimusi vanova Voyageurs du Monde vachitengera Hurumende yeINDIA senharaunda yenyika ndokuzoigadzira kuti veruzhinji vakwanise kushanya mugore. Zvese izvi zvakaitika mugore ra2011.

Museum inochengetwa na Lauren Segal, anochengeta mamwe ma museum,zvese ne museum ye Rusaruraganda ku South Africa (Apartheid). Satyagraha zvinoreva kuti simba re chokwadi, tichitarisa ku nyunyuta murunyararo kwakatangwa na Gandhi achigara mu South Africa.
Chembere

**Chembere** (kureva *old woman; older aged woman*) zvinoreva munhukadzi asharuka zvikurusei uyo asvika pamakore ekuguma ura - asisabereki vana. Vamwe vangati makore 60 kana kudarika ndiko kuchembera.

## Tsumo

*Ziriwo rechembere ziramba waravira. An old woman's relish is refused (only) after tasting. 
*Chembere mukadzi hazvienzane nekurara mugota.
*Mhanje isina mwana hainzi ichembere. A barren woman should not be considered as an old one. 
*Chiro irombo kuroora mbuya ikazvara. It is sheer luck to marry an old woman who happens to bear a child. 

## Mazwi eChibantu

*VaYao vanoti **mjembele** (a woman who has borne children) kureva mukadzi akazvara vana. 
*VaLenje vanoti **kuchembela** (Be old, worn out). VaFwe vanoti **mucembere** (old woman) kureva muchembere.
*Barotse vanoti **bucembele** (old age) kureva huchembere. Baila vanoti **muchembele** (aged person) kureva muchembere.
*VaVenda vanoti **mukegulu** (n. old woman) kureva chembere.

## Ringai zve:

* Mutana
* Mudhara
* Ambhuya
* Kuchembera
Harahwa

**Harahwa** (kureva *old man; older aged man*) kana **harabwa**, uye futi mutana zvinoreva murume achembera tingati asaruka zvokuva nemakore ari murumana rwemakumi masere (70) zvichikwira. Maonero anosiyana pakuti harahwa ndiani.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Mutana, chitatarara.
*Dana, chitole kana goka.
*Muchembere kana chembere (Old woman). 

## Tsumo

*Kwava kusakara kwedoo kuita serisakambodyiwa nyama. It is the wear and tear of a hide that makes it (appear) as if it had never encased meat. It is the aging of a fishing trap as if meat was never consumed from it. Duwo, is fishing trap usually thrown into a river. When it wears out it rusts and the plastic covering it becomes tattered. 
*Bvupa jena rakabva munyama. A white bone stems from meat.
*Chinokwegura chinokotama, musoro wegudo chave chinokoro. What gets old gradually bends, the head of a baboon is a scoop. 
*Kukwegura kunotanga meso mukarirano. Old age begins by 'passing the buck' with the eyes. 
*Ishungu dzomutana waswera padare kuramba nemhandire seane meno.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*BaKalanga vanoti buhwola (position of seniority; adulthood) vachireva husharukwa hwemunhu. BaKalanga vanoti hola (elder, grown-up, senior) vachireva munhu musharukwa.
*VaGwere vanoti mukaire (old person) rinoreva munhu achembera; kana vawanda voti bakaire. KuChishona tinoti mukare kana vakare uureva vang vakararama munguva dzekare. 
*VaYao vanoti **kola umi** (live, live happily; be healthy, to be well) vachireva kurarama kana kuva mutano.
*VaYao vanoti **-a kola** (ancient. with class prefix) vachireva mutana. fananidzai nokuti pfunda hora kana tsvimborume hora?
*VaSwahili vanoti **mkale** kana **wakale** (ancestor, forebear, ancient). 
*VaWabo vanoti **mwanakalaba** (old person) rinotodzana nokuti **kalaba** (old person) zvichireva harahwa.
Mukombe (mudziyo)

Mukombe (Ladle, cup) zvinoreva mudziyo unoshandiswa kuchera mvura kana mimwe mituvi kazhinji kubva muchirongo, hari kana poto.

## Tsika

*Tinaye naIrikidzai vakanga vaine hushamwari hwemukombe nechirongo.

## Miytauro yeBantu

*MaZulu vanoti **ingweshe** kana **izingweshe** (n. ladle). Ndau vanoti **tsani** kureva mukombe.
*Sepedi vanoti **mokope** kureva mukombe. Sesotho vanoti **mohope** kureva mukombe. Setswana vanoti **mogope** kureva mukombe.
*Tumbuka vanoti **nkhombo** kureva mukombe. Bemba vanoti **ulukombo** kureva mukombe. Lambya vanoti **ulupindi** kureva mukombe.
*Chewa vanoti **chikho** kureva mukombe. Nsenga vanoti **nthumo** kureva mukombe.
Mukombe (chituso)

Mukombe (Trophy in English) chishongo chinopiwa munhu kana chikwata chinenge chakunda pamitambo yakadai senhabvu, kumhanya, kushambira nemimwewo. Kazhinji mukombe unopiwa pamwe nemubayiro we mari pamusoro. Avo vanenge vakunda vanotenderwa kuchengeta mukombe kusvikira mamwe makwikwi azoitwazve apo mukombe unosvitswa kune anenge akunda mutsva.
Kutizira mukumbo

Shoko rokuti kutizira (Elope kuEnglish) rinotaura apo mwanasikana anotiza pamusha pevabereki achienda kumurume asina kumuroora pamberi pevabereki vake. Kazhinji musikana anotizira anenge abata pamuviri pasina roora rakabviswa. Kana zvadayi vaviri ava vanonzi vakatizisana kana kuti mukomana akatizisa kana kutizirwa zvichibva pakuti ndiyani akavamba nyaya yacho.  

Kutizira mukumbo kunowanzoitwa panguva dzousiku apo musikana anotiza mumba oenda kumukomana. Muchivanhu chedu, atete vemusikana vanenge vachiziva kwaenda muzukuru wavo izvo variwo vanenge vachiziva mukomana womuzukuru wavo. 

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaWanga vanoti **okhubayira** (of a girl, go to live with a man who has not paid dowry or made the usual marriage arrangements; elope).
*VaWanga vanoti **okhubayisia** (v. of a man, take a girl away as wife without having paid dowry).
*VaWanga vanoti **okhubayira na chenda** (v. live with one man after another).
Mukundo

Shoko rokuti mukundo kana chiremera (Authority kuChirungu) rinoreva simba kana mvumo yokurayira zvinofanirwa kuitwa panzvimbo kana nhambo nenzira yakatarwa pasi pemutemo wenyika kana murawo wesangano. Pakushanda kunoita masangano akatsaukana chinhu chakakosha kuti zvitsungo kana zvirongwa zvinoitwa zvidavidzirwe kana kurayirwa nemunhu kana boka revanhu rine mvumo yekuita saizvozvo. Masangano ose anosanganisira mapato matongerwo enyika, hurumende, madzishe, makanzuru, makambani zvichingodaro, anoita zvakarurama kana achitevedza mutowo wemashandiro akadaro.

Kuti shoko rashandiswa nderipi mukundo kna hugabe zvinoenderana nemunhu ari kutaura, ose anoreva zvakafanana.

Chisimba (Use of force to bring about a decision). Vamwe vatauri vanoti mukundo.

## Muenzaniso

Madzishe ematunhu muZimbabwe vane mukundo wekugovera  minda mumaruwa ari pasi pavo. 

Mapazi ehurumende ane hudaviri pamusoro pezvirongwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvine chinangwa chekuchengetedza mitemo yenyika  -  kuEnglish anonzi **(Responsible Authorities)**. Mapazi aya akapiwazve mukundo kuti ave anotarira kuti mitemo yakasiyana yehurumende yatevedzwa.  Mapazi  aya anobata basa zvichienderana nemitemo yakatarwa nedare reParamende - (Acts of Parliament). MuZimbabwe kune 
mapazi ane hugabe pamusoro: pemvura; mitero; ndege, kutakurwa kwenhumbi nevanhu; uye michero nemhuka. Muenzaniso ndiyo inoti: *ZIMRA; ZINWA; ZINARA; Municipalities; Natural Resources Board; Environmental Protection Authority; Civil Aviation Authority; POTRAZ zvichingodaro.   

==Shoko idzva==

Nokumwe kutaura tichitodza mutauro weKirundu wekuBurundi, [[mukundo]] unganzi [[hugabe]]; izwi iri rinotodza rechi[[Kirundu]] rokuti *'ubugabe** rinoreva **authority'''. Mutauro weKirundu uri pamupanda wemitauro yechiBantu inotaurwa kuno kuChamhembe kweAfrica uye une mashoko mazhinji akatodzana neChiShona 

Mukundo kana kuti hugabe isimba rakapiwa pasi pemitemo yenyika kana sangano kuti munhu kana boka revanhu rive neutongi pamusoro pemabatirwo ezvinhu zvinosanganisira: vanhu; basa; mari; ivhu; michero; hutano; mishonga zvichingodaro.
Murombe

Murombe (n. Angle, corner) inonzi murombe, pakuwanda yonzi mirombe. 

Muchidzidzo Pimanyika, **mukwava** (vertex, corner kuEnglish) izwi rinoreva panosangana mitsetse miviri kana zviso zviviri  - *(where two surfaces or lines meet to form an angle)*.

Panosangana marata akapfirira imba pasi pechisuvi pane mukwava pakati pemarata iwayo.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Skweya mirombe mina.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaTonga vanoti **kaswi** (n. corner, inner corner).
*Baila vanoti **mwako** (n. corner) kureva kona.
*VaLenje vanoti **mutwi** (n. corner - external, angle, projection).
Muzinda

Shoko rokuti muzinda rinoreva padare paShe kana mambo panotongwa mhosva.

Kumutauro weChewa shoko rokuti muzita rinoreva guta - *city*, sokuti muzinda weLilongwe.

Pachinyakare muzinda (village of chief, walled and large) zvaireva musha waShe wakanga wakakura uine ruzhowa rwakakomberedza.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Kumuzinda hakuna woko. Apa kureva padare raShe hapana anobatwa zviri nani nokuda kwehukama kana hushamwari.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Nyungwe inoti **mzinda** kana **mizinda** pakuwanda (n. city) kureva **guta**.
*Nyanja inoti **mzinda** (n. a large village; the head village; a capital; city) kureva musha mukuru kana **guta**.
*VaGwere vanoti **muzindo** (n.  n. immenseness, vastness, enormity; something unusually great in size, degree, extent or scope).
Musaku

Shoko rokuti musaku kana mhando (sets, a kind, class) rinoreva mapoka akasiyana.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Pane misaku mitatu yevana. There are three sets of children.
Mutaro (chisungo)

Shoko rokuti mutaro rinokwanisa kumira pakuturikira mavara ekuChirungu anoti **provided that**.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Ndinokubvumira kuenda mutaro usinganonoki kudzoka.  Apa kureva: I give you permission to go provided that you are not late in getting back.

*Pinda zvako chero wabvisa mari. Apa kureva: Come in by all means, provided you have paid the entrance fee.
Kumwakatika

Shoko rokuti kumwakatika (friable kuChirungu) rinoreva chinhu chinopfupfunyuka zviri nyore.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

Jecha rinoita kuti dongo rimwakatike.
Nembo

Nembo (tribal markings) zvinoreva mavanga aitarwa pamuviri wemunhu zvichienderana nedzinza rake. Marudzi ekuNigeria kune vachiri kucheka nembo; ava vanosanganisira vaYoruba nevaIbgo.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Kunemba nembo.
*MaKereke ndiwo akavamba kunemba ChiShona vaine vavariro yekudzidzisa vanhu kuverenga Bhaibheri.

## Mazwi eBantu

*VaLenje vanoti **ndembo** (incisions made on the body to apply traditional medicine) zvichireva nembo kana nyora.
*VaTonga vanoti **inembo** (n. mark, seal) zvichireva nembo. VaMaconde vanoti **inembo** (n. incision; tattoo) kureva nembo.
*VaYao vanoti **nembo** (the tribal marks) vachireva nembo.
Nguwi

Shoko rokuti nguwi (Scandal kuChirungu) rinoreva myaya kana maitiro anopa kutaura pakati pevanhu.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Gumba (scandal, ill reports).
*Kutaura gumba (to slander).

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Maitiro ake ekufambidzana nevakadzi vevanhu anopa nguwi.
*Chikuhuniso (Grievance, stumbling block, scandal).
*Guwi kana udzenga (Unconventional behaviour giving rise to talk).

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Nsenga inoti **mtima nguuwi** (n. evil temper; evil character).
Chitenderano

Chitenderano (covenant) zvinoreva chibvumirano chinoitwa nemhiko chine zvisungo zvinofanirwa kutevedzwa uye zvibereko zvinowanikwa kubva pachiri kana munhu atevedza murayiro wechitenderano ichi.

*Tsarukana (to be or to make sure; to make up one's mind). Natsa kutsarukana - make up your mind and don't change. Handinatse kutsarukana kwandiri kuenda - I am not sure where I am going.
*Zvakatsarukana kana yakatsarukana (that which is sure, established) zvichireva zvinhu zvine zvakadzikama pakusashanduka. 

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*VaVenda vanoti **thalukanyo** (n. intellect; Inteliigence) vachireva huchenjeri.
*Kutuk vanoti sar (v. to direct, to judge) vachireva kutonga mhaka. Mamwe mazwi: sara (judge). Saran (v. to judge).
Gura

*Gura kana makura (old agricutural land; deserted garden going back to bush) apa kureva munda wakarimwa kwemakore mazhinji ungava uchiri kurimwa kana usisarimwe.
*Gura kana kutyora (Cut off or across) apa kureva kugura kwekucheka kana kudimbura chinhu.
*Gura (Cut across). Akagurira nebani kuti akasire kusvika.
*Gura (Give up completely an evil course of action or bad habit) Apa kureva kupfidza chivi uchibva wasiya kuchiitazve. Ndagura, handichapannhidzi: I have given up that way of acting, I will not do so again.
*Gura  (Do usefully) Badza iri harina icho richagura: this hoe is no longer of any use.
*Gura (Extract an object (e.g. tooth, hoe blade) by knocking or by moving it to and fro). Mukoti Sarudzai aigura zino asingakuvadzi nakashoma kose. Gura demo: knock the business end of the axe handle against something so that the blade falls out.
*Gura (Decide a law case) apa kureva kutonga mhosva uchitaura kuti ari kutongwa akapara mhosva here kana kwete. Ndiani anogura mhosva iyi: who will decide this case? 

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Hadiyya inoti kuula (n. brown).
Kukoera

Panoitwa mabasa ehushangazhi, shoko rokuti **kukoera** (Assembling or putting together) rinoreva kubatanidza nhengo dzechinhu dzambotanga dzakapararana. Chinobatanidzwa chingava turuzi kana muchina wakaita semuchovha, kana television.

Mashandisirwo eshoko iri pano anoda kufanana nokushandiswa kunoitwa mukurima nokuti kukohwa pakurima kunoreva kubatanidzwa kana kuuunganidzwa pamwe kwezvirimwa zvasvika.

## Tsika

*Michovha iri **kukoerwa** kuHarare paWillowvale Madza Motor Industries.

*Kukohonoka shoko iri rinotaura kupatsanuka kwechinhu chinenge chakambo koedzwa. KuEnglish kwonzi *come to pieces from assembled object, become undone*.
Kurungama

Shoko rokuti kurungama (to be right, set right, upright, rectitude, straight, fair) rinotaura kuti chiro chakamira nemutowo wachakafanirwa kumira nacho. Kazhinji rinoreva kuti chiro chakajanjaridzwa kubva pachimire chakati tasa kuenda mudenga.

Kurungamisa (to rectify, to straighten, make fair).
*Kurungamika (to be straight).

## Mamwe Mashoko

Kudendemadza (Make to sit up straight. 2. Set up) apa kureva kugariswa zvakanaka musana wakati twasu. 

Kudendemara (Sit up straight. 2. Sit comfortably) apa kureva kugara pachigaro musana wakati twasu mudenga - magariro aya obva anzi dendemaro.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Dendemadza mwana pachigaro: make the child sit up straight on the chair. 

## Mitauro yeBantu

*MaNdebele neMaZulu vanoti **kulungile** (That's right; Right ho!) vachireva zvarungama kana zvakarungama. VaTsonga vanoti **lungha** (upright) kureva kurungama.
*MaZulu vanoti **ukulungisa** (Put in order, arrange, adjust; set as it should be, tidy) vachireva kurungamisa. MaZulu vanoti **ukulungisa** (Correct, rectify; chastise) vachireva kurungamisa.
*VaYao neVaChewa vanoti **kulungama** (to go in a straight line) kureva kurungama. VaYao vanoti **kulungamika** (to go in a straight line; to be straight) kureva kurungamika. 
*VaGungu vanoti **burungi** (1. goodness, niceness; state of high quality that is acceptable and not bad. 2 • beauty, attractiveness. 3 • state of valuableness, preciousness), kureva kurungama. 
*VaNyoro vanoti **burungami** kana **Burundi** (beauty, goodness), kureva kurungama. VaHaya vanoti **kirungi** kana **ndungi** (good) vachireva kurungama.
*VaMambwe vanoti **ulungami** (justice, righteousness, to be straight, even, level) kureva kurungama. Nsenga vanoti **lungama** (v. be level). **Lungamika** (v. make level).
Rondo (hurongwa)

Shoko rokuti rondo (Order of succession) rinotaura kurongeka kwakaita vanhu kana zvinhu nemutowo wehukuru hwavo kana kuti zvichitevedza mapindiro avanofanirwa kuitwa panzvimbo kana pachigaro chiri kutaurwa nezvacho.

Shoko iri rinoda kutodzana nerinoti rondedzero uye rokuti nhoroondo.
Ruponeso (chiKristu)

Shoko rokuti ruponeso rinotaura kuregererwa kwezvivi nokugamuchirwa kwemunhu pamberi paMwari kana munhu achinge agamuchira Jesu Kristu.
Masese

Masese (strainings; dregs) imhando yedoro rinobikwa munyika zhinji dzemuAfrica kusanganisira Zimbabwe. Doro iri rinobikwa kuchishandiswa chibage nechimera chezviyo kumaruzevha. Mumaindasitiri vanoshandisa chibage nechimera chemapfunde. Chibage chinoshandiswa kuita sitachi (starch) inova ndiyo inozoshandurwa kuva tsvigiri nemaenzyme anonzi α-amylase ne β-amylase anowanikwa muchimera. Tsvigiri idzi ndidzo dzinoshandurwawo kuva doro nembiriso.Masese itsvina inoburitswa panogadzirwa doro.Masese aya anoshandiswa sechikafu chemombe dzimukaka Munyika yeZimbabwe.Masese anotengeswa neDElta baverages

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaYao vanoti **senga** (dregs) vachireva masese.
*VaSangho vanoti sese (n. earth, world, land; soil, ground). Mamwe mazwi: pupu sese (n. dust).
*VaTiriki vanoti **isese** (small scraps or lumps, tiny lumps in badly cooked porridge, scraps of food sticking to teeth or fingers).
Kachasu

Kachasu imhando yedoro riri muchikamu kana bato rimwe nekangopisa. Kachasu nekangopisa zvakasiyana pakuti kachasu kanoda kusvika hukorwa zvikamu zana muzana (100%, absolute alcohol).

## Mazwi eBantu

*VaChewa vanoti **chasu** (brandy, spirits).
*VaChewa vanoti **kachasu** (wine).
*VaTakwane vanoti **kacaso** (Hard liquor, homemade strong alcoholic drink made through distillation).
Mbombedza

Mbombedza (subsidy) zvinoreva chikamu chemutengo wenhumbi chinobhadharwa nehurumende ichibhadhara kambani dziri kutengesa nhumbi idzo. Mbombedza inoripwa kuzadzisa zvinangwa zviviri zvinoti: kuderedza mutengo wenhumbi kusvika pokuti vatengi vanokwanisa kutenga nyore; uye kuti kambani dzikwanise kuramba dzichigadzira nhumbi dzisingarasikirwe nemari. Saka Mbombedza inoderedza mutengo kuvatengi asi risingaderedze mari inogamuchirwa nemwene wekambani.

Izwi rokuti *subsidy* rinobva pakuti **sitting behind** apa kureva kuti **subsidy** muripo wakaitwa kare ugere seri kwemutengo unobhadharwa nevatengi. Asi ChiShona yashandisa mbombedza izvi chichireva icho chinodzeredzesa mutengo. Kumbombedza zvichitaura kuseredza.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Hurumende iri kuripa mbombedza inokwana $0.25 parita repeturu. Apa kureva – the Government is subsiding petrol at $0.25 per litre.
Huwori

Huwori (corruption) zvinotaura kuita zvechitsotsi apoa munhu anenge achibata basa. Munhu anoita huwori anotora kana kugamuchira zvinhu kana mari achizviita zvake izvo zviri zvinhu zvaasingatenderwe kugamuchira. Kugamuchira chiokomuhomwe imwe nzira inoitwa nayo huwori yakanyanya kutekeshera muZimbabwe. Kuwanisa madzimai mabasa nenzira yekuti tanga-wandida huwori zvakare.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Mururimi rweKiwanga vanoti **obuboli** (n. corruption, rotting).
Kuzeza

Kuzeza (to dread doing something; hesitate) zvinotaura chinhu chokuti munhu haadi kuita chingava chinotyisa, chinorema kuita, kana chine chimwe chikonzero chokusada kuchiita kana kupfuura nemazviri.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Asi wakazungaira; vamuna avo vakabata nyara yake ...: When he hesitated, the men grasped his hand ... (Genesis 19:16 Bhaibheri reChiNdau).

## Mazwi eBantu

*VaKongo vanoti **zeza** (v.i. to be, become or get slack, or loose; to slacken, abate, relax, melt, thaw, give, yield, become weak, to despair, to abandon what one had determined to do).
*Mururimi rweKikongo vanoti **zeza** (n. slackness, relaxing, thaw, despair, melt as oil). 
*Mururimi rweKikongo vanoti **zezesa** (v.t. to cause to loosen, to make slack, slacken, loosen, ease, relax). 

*Mururimi rweKikongo vanoti **zezula** (v.t. see **zezesa** above). 
*Mururimi rweKikongo vanoti **zezuka** (v.i. see zeza above).
Mhitsa

Mhitsa zvinoreva munhu ane mhasuru dzakasimba anokwanisa kutakura zvinorema kana kuita mabasa anorema. Vamwe vatauri vanoti hwendere.

Mhitsa kana mbinga (1. Heavy object, 2. large piece of anything cut or broken off). Akamedza mhitsa yemusuva wesadza.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Vakatya kumurwisa nokuti akanga ari mhitsa yerume.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Sangho vanoti misa (n. meat; muscle).
Binga

*Binga (type of snake)
*Binga (District in Zimbabwe)
*Binga (1. Tree with dense foliage. 2. Kloof with water and tree ferns - a kloof is a ravine or gorge).
*Binga (Fault, cause for blame). Nhasi ndabinga nokudya natezvara: today I put myself in the wrong by eating with my father-in-law. Usawane nechaungabingiswe nacho: do not do anything for which you can be shown to be at fault.
*Binga kana mapinga pahuwandu (Chief's enclosure in own village). Mubinga (Chief or King's messenger) apa kureva nhume yamambo.
Kukungudza

Kukungudza (recalling with regret) zvinotaura chiitiko chokuti ukarangarira unodemba kana kukungura kuti dai zvisina kuitika.

*Kudumba kana kurangarira (1. Ponder, 2. Be solemn). 
*gungura kana magungura (Regret) zvichireva kukungura. Chacho chinosaka munhu akungure chonzi gungudzo. 
*Kugungudzika, kuzukumwara (Regret, distressed, aggrieved). zvichireva kukungura, kudemba kana kusumba. 

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Zvinokungudza kana mwana achigaro paramura mhosva kumaraini.
*Anoita gungura nokuti haana kutengera mwana zviwitsi: he regrets not having bought sweets for his child. 
*Harakwa inogungura zvoujaya hwayo: an old man wishes he were young again.
Shava Musimuvi

Maita Manhize 
Maita Shava
Vari Manhize, 
Vari Chikapakapa, 
Vari Gorioto, 
Vari Dombe, 
Vari Chinyanya
Vari Mutirikati
Vari Mabweadziva
Shava nhuka 
Mhofu inofura tsangadzi yarwizi Zambezi
Mahombekombe ezambuko kariva

Mazuru kuwanda, mazhinji ndeane tsine 

Maita Musimuvi ndomuuya
VekwaMatizambwashava
Vakaramba vakadzi vachida imbwa
Vadzimba vahombarume
Kusaseva nemuto hutera hokutya marimuka

Vanasikana vachinzi vaMushava
Kana vofamba votomuka
Vasingameri mhezi
Vanomera dzekuroyiwa
Vadyi vemupunga
Hekani Nhuka
Shava yangu yiyi
Kupinga

Shoko rokuti kupinga rinotaura kushandisa mushonga unodzivirira kungava kurwara kana kukuvadzwa nemuchetura kana mishonga inganzi yeuroyi. Mushonga unoshanda sezvizvi pakudzivirira chirwere unonzi mupingi. Zvichida shoko rokuti kupinga ringaturikira kubaiwa kwenhomba - kureva apo vanhu vanopiwa mishonga inodzivirira zvirwere; iya inonzi **vaccination or immunization** kuChirungu.

## Mazwi an Hukama

*Mupingo
*Chipinge
*Mhingo

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Lenje inoti **pingila** (block or obstruct; fasten or bar a door). Kirundi inoti gutota (sprinkling medicine to protect from evil). 
*Digo inoti **pinga** (to oppose) kureva kupinga. VaLamba vanoti **pinga** kana **kanga** (v. hinder) kureva kupinga. 
*VaNyakyusa vanoti **pinga** (to obstruct) kureva kupinga. VaNyakyusa vanoti **pingana** (debate, disagree).
*MaZulu vanoti **finga** (Render harmless, destroy the virtue of a harmful charm), kupinga. 
*MaZulu vanoti **finga** (Cause to forget, dull the memory) vachireva kukonzera hanganwa.
*VaBukusu vanoti **khuubiinga** (stop someone from something bad) kureva kupinga.
Kuzvidza

Kuzvidza (to despise; contempt) zvinoreva kutarisira munhu pasi nenzira yokumushora.

*Zvidzai izita remunhu.