open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Divi (rekunhu)

Muchidzidzo chepimanyika, **rudzivo** kana divi (*Direction*) rinoreva mashoko anotigonesa kunongedzwa kuti nzvimbo iri kupi. Rudzivo runonongedza divi riri kutaurwa nezvaro. Rudzivo ndiyo mhinduro yatinotsvaga patinobvunzwa mibvunzo yokuti: 

* Uri kuenda kupi, papi chaipo?; 
* Uri kupi, papi chaipo?; 
* KuHarare ndinosvika sei, ndinotevedza nzira dzipi?; 
* Mabhazi anoenda kumusha akwirirwa kupi?' 

Mepu dzepanyika dzinotaridza mativi mana erudzivo anoti: Mabvazuva, Madokero, Maodzanyemba, neChamhembe.

## Tsanguro

*Mabvazuva idivi riri kunobuda nako zuva mangawani ega ega.
*Madokero idivi riri kunonyura nako zuva manheru ega ega. Panopimwa gonya rinokwana 180o kubva kuMadokero kusvika kuMabvazuva.
*Maodzanyemba: Iri idivi riri kurudyi kwemunhu kana akatarisa kunovirira zuva (kumavirazuva kana kuti kumadokero). Ku maodzanyemba kwakapesana nokuchamhembe.
*Chamhembe: idivi riri kwakapesana nokumaodzanyemba, uye kunenge kuri kurudyi kana munhu akatarisa kumabvazuva. Pane gonya rinokwana 180o pakati peMaodzanyemba neChamhembe.

## Kutsetsa Rudzivo

**Maodzanyemba kwakadziva kuMabvazuva** (North East in English) ndirwo rudzivo rwunoti kana munhu akatarisa kuMaodzanyemba, anofanira kutenderera gonya rinokwana 45o achinanga kuMabvazuva. Rudzivo urwu rwuri 45o kubva kuMaodzanyemba, uye 45o kubva kuMabvazuva.

Kana potaurwa muchidimbu kunonzi kuMaodzanyemba nechekuMabvazuva.

**Maodzanyemba kwakadziva kuMadokero** - ndirwo rudzivo rwunoti kana munhu akatarisa kuMaodzanyemba, anofanira kutenderera gonya rinokwana 45o achinanga kuMadokero. Rudzivo urwu rwuri 45o kubva kuMaodzanyemba, uye 45o kubva kuMadokero.

**Chamhembe kwakadziva kuMadokero** (South West in English) ndirwo rudzivo rwunoti kana munhu akatarisa kuChamhembe, anofanira kutenderera gonya rinokwana 45o achinanga kuMadokero. Rudzivo urwu rwuri 45o kubva kuChamhembe, uye 45o kubva kuMadokero.

Kana potaurwa muchidimbu kunonzi, **Chamhembe nechekuMadokero**.

**Chamhembe kwakadziva kuMabvazuva** (South East in English) ndirwo rudzivo rwunoti kana munhu akatarisa kuChamhembe, anofanira kutenderera gonya rinokwana 45o achinanga kuMabvazuva. Rudzivo urwu rwuri 45o kubva kuChamhembe, uye 45o kubva kuMabvazuva.

Kana potaurwa muchidimbu kunonzi, **Chamhembe nechekuMabvazuva**.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Hweve (side of an animal).
*Kuzasi, zasi kana munyasi (beneath, at lower side, below) dive riri kwekaderera kana pasi pechinhu.
*Kuuzuru, pauzuru kana papezuru divi riri kumusoro kana pamusoro kana kwakakwirira.
*Mukati, pakati, kukati (inside, middle).

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Tumbuka inoti **mpoto** (north). Mamwe mazwi: **Mvuma** (east). **Mwera** (south). **Zambwe** (west).
*VaBemba vanoti **ntunga** (direction). Mamwe mazwi: **tungulula** (direct - show). **Lubali** (n. side) kureva divi.
*VaBukusu vanoti **chuumbe** ( in the vicinity of, where s.t. is, in the direction of).
*Sangho vanoti mbage (n. side, direction, part, portion) kureva divi.
Kunyangarika

Kunyangarika (disappear; vanish) zvinoreva kushaika kubva panzvimbo kwechinhu kana munhu ambenge aripo. Vamwe vatauri vanoti kunyereteka, kunyerenyendeka, kunyangara. 

*Munguva yehondo yeChimurenga vanhu vazhinji vakanyangarika vakasazowonekwa zvakare.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Kunyereteka; kunyerenyendeka; kunyangara (disappear). 
*Kunyenguka (disappear into) apa kureva kunyangarika kwechinhu chapinda mune chimwe. Iri izwi rinokwanisa kuzoshandiswa kuturikira inonzi **fusion** kuEnglish.
*Kunyeruka kana kuverera (disappear by fleeing, abscond; ran away secretly) apa kureva kunyangarika kwekunge munhu achitiza kubva panzvimbo. 
*Kunyangaridza (delete, erase).

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*... Vakagondeka vanyangarika kubva pakati pevana vevanhu: the faithful have vanished from humankind (*Nduyo 12:2* Bhaibheri reChiNdau).

## Mitauro yeBantu

*BaKalanga vanoti nyeledza (cause to disappear). Mamwe mazwi: nyelela (disappear; evaporate).
*Herero vanoti kupenguka (disappear out of the midst of others; turn aside; turn out of the straight course; go sideward).
*MaZulu vanoti **nyelela** (to go privately) vachireva kunyeruka?
*MaZulu vanoti **nya** (of nothingness, disappearance, ending, silence) inyaudzosingwi inodudza kunyangarika kuti **nya**. Sokuti: **Ufe nya** (He is quite dead).
Mweni

Mweni, muenzi mushanyi, mumutsi (guest) apa kureva munhu awuya pamusha achishanya ari munhu asingagarepo mazuva ose.

Mwenzi (stranger to locality) zvinoreva munhu asingawanzi kugara panzvimbo iri kurehwa, munhu mutsva.

Mamwe mashoko anotodzana neiri ndeanoti vaeni, vayenzi, nhenzi kana zenzi.

*Hweni kana bweni (1. Quality of being a stranger. 2. Presence of strangers).  

## Tsumo neZvirevo

*Mweni, mweni zuva rimwe zuva repiri mupeyi badza.
*Mweni haaendi nedura. A guest does not carry away the granary. 
*Kuchengeta imbwa yomweni, kuda mwene wayo. Keeping a stranger's dog means liking its owner (too). 
*Ane mhuri ngeane mhurikadzi varume vaeni. The one with daughters has a family, sons are guests.
*Kubayira mweni mbudzi kuti vomo mumba vadye zvavo. To kill a goat for a guest implies that everybody in the family will have a share.
*Kubayira mweni mbudzi kuziva novohwo. To kill a goat for the guest (means) to know the family.*
*Kubikira mweni kunzwa neyakowo (nzara). To cook for a guest means you are also hungry. 
*Maramba kukombwa maramba hweni. One who does not like people around him also resents guests. 
*Chirega kuita muenzi muzukuru, pano pamusha pako.

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Lozi inoti mwenyi (guest, visitor) kureva mweni. Digo inoti mjeni (guest, visitor; foreigner) kureva mweni. 
*Nyanja inoti chirendo (manner of a stranger) kureva huenzi. Nyungwe inoti mlendo kana alendo (guest/s) kureva vaeni. Waalii vanoti saana (n. visitor) kureva mweni.
*Tsonga inoti endza (v. visit) kureva kushanya. Umbundu inoti ukombe (guest, visitor) kureva muenzi. 
*Barotse inoti muenyi, mupoti, mueti (n. guest, visitor, new-comer, stranger) kureva mweni. Lenje inoti mwansu (traveller; stranger; guest) kureva mweni. 
*Kinande inoti eritambira (v. to walk towards) kureva kutambira? Nyakyusa inoti ambilila (v. receive; entertain guests).
Gongwa

Gongwa, gombwe kana gombe (influential person, very rich man). 

Munyika dzakatsaukana Pasirose kune makombwe anenge ana: Strive Masiyiwa, Bill Gates, Warren Buffet, Aliko Dangote, Patrice Motsepe zvichingodaro.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Lozi vanoti **bukombwa** (n. steward of a chief; office of a steward in the Litunga's household - King).
*Barotse vanoti **-kombweka** (v.t. to serve as a steward, to superintend another's affairs).
*Chuabo vanoti **koὁmbwe** (adj. basilic - kingly, royal).
Kudzikinura

Kudzikinura (Redeem) zvinoreva kuripira munhu kana chinhu chakabatwa nomumwe zvichibva pakuparwa kwemhosva, kuita chivi kana kunge pane chikwereti.

*Kusunhura (to redeem; to release; to loosen bonds).
*Kusunhurika (to be released).

## Chitendero

*Jesu vakatifira pamuchinjikwa paCalvary nechinangwa chekutidzikinura kubva kuzvivi zvedu.

## Mamwe Mazwi

Kuripira kana kudzikinura (Atone).

*Wakatumira kusunhurwa kuvanhu vake: He sent redemption to His people. *Psalm 111:9* - (kubva muBhaibheri reChiNdau).
* ... wakasunhura zvisungo zvangu: You loosed my bonds.  - (*Psalm 116:16*, Bhaibheri reChiNdau).
*Ndizvo munhu wakapotera mumhatso, naRabhani wakasunhura makamera..... (*Genesis 24:32*).
*Wakaereketa akati, “Ringira, ndinoona vanhu varongomuna vakasunhurika, vanohamba pakati pomuriro, navo avaremadzwi:  He said, “Look! I see four men walking around in the fire, **unbound** and unharmed (Daniel 3:25, Bhaibheri reChiNdau)..

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaYao vanoti **kuwombola** (to ransom). VaYao vanoti **chiwombolo** (the sum paid in redeeming a person).
*Mang'anja vanoti **wombola** kana **ombola** (redeem) vachireva kudzikinura.
*Mang'anja vanoti **muomboli** (redeemer) vachireva mudzikinuri. Kune zita remhuri rinonzi Chihombori.
*VaGiryama vanoti **ku-kombola** (v. to redeem) vachireva kudzikinura. Mamwe mazwi: **mukomboli** (n. redeemer). **Ukombozi** (redemption).
Kutsauka

Kutsauka, kupambuka kana kutsambuka (deviate) zvinoreva kubuda kubva panzira yanga iri kufambwa nayo.

*Kupauka (to turn aside).
*Kupambuka (v. Turn off, branch off,separate - from something, come apart).
*Mururimi rweLenje kune izwi rinoti **kupambana** (part, branch, divide e.g. road). Pacho panopambana nzira ponzi mapambanwe.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Mutsauko (deviation, difference)
*Veshe vakapauka, veshe vanetsvina; akuna naumwe unoita zvakanaka, haiwa, akuna naumwe hake: But **all turn aside**, all alike are corrupt; no one does what is right, not a single one. (*Nduyo 14:3* Bhaibheri reChiNdau).

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaKongo vanoti **mpambu** (bifurcation - of roads division of something into 2 branches or parts) kureva mhambu kana kupambuka.
*Kikongo inoti **vambula** (separate, divide or push apart) kureva kupambura. Kikongo inoti **vambuka** (separation or parting) kureva kupambuka.
*MaZulu vanoti **imphambosi** (Deviation; side issue; a turning from the usual course) vachireva mupambutsi.
*Luganda inoti **aukana** (part company; separate) kureva kutsaukana. Luganda inoti **aukanya** (part; separate; distinguish) kureva kutsaura.
*Hadiyya inoti xambayukko (vi. to be broken). Fananidzai nekutsambuka? Hadiyya inoti xinsisa (adj. black as charcoal) kureva chitema marasha.
Chigwindiri

Chigwindiri ( a strong and healthy person).

## Tsika

*Chigwindiri wauya, zinhu risina hama, tamba tione - chikamu cherwiyo rwakaimbwa nemuimbi Thomas Mapfumo.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Hongonya kana gongonya (Very strong person).

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaYao vanoti **chigwindilo** (a stout man) vachireva chigwindiri.
*VaMambwe vanoti **mupuma** (n. a healthy person, full of life).
*VaMambwe vanoti **ngululu** (n. in good health, wholesome, very healthy).
Chikukuvere

Chikukuvere (Moth).

Shaveshave kana nharira (butterfly). 


Image:Emperor Gum Moth eggs.jpg|Eggs after the caterpillars have hatched
Image:Caterpillars@2nd&3rd stage.jpg|Caterpillars at second and third stages in their growth
Image:Caterpillar shed 3rd stage.jpg|Caterpillar at fourth stage of growth. It's recently shed third stage skin is visible beside it
Image:Caterpillar feeding3.jpg|Caterpillar feeding on a eucalyptus leaf
Image:Caterpillar spinning cocoon.jpg|Caterpillar spinning its silken cocoon on a eucalyptus twig
Image:Moth Chrysalis.jpg|Moth pupa
Image:Opodiphthera_eucalypti_in_WA.jpg|Proof of WA sighting. Taken 10th Nov 2007 in Albany WA
Image:2010-01-04 moth2.jpg|An adult male emperor gum moth
Image:2010-01-04 moth3.jpg|An adult female emperor gum moth
Image:2010-01-04 moth1.jpg|An adult emperor gum moth
Rukweguro

Rukweguro kana kuchembera (old age).

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Kutanamara (to grow old).
*Mutana (An old person). Pakuwanda vonzi vatana

## Tsumo

*Chinokwegura chinokotama musoro wegudo chave chinokoro. 

## Mitauro yeBantu
 
*MaZulu vanoti **xhegula**  (Grow old, attain advanced age (of men). Mamwe mazwi: **amaxhegu** (old men). **Ubuxhegu** (old age of men). 
*VaSwahili vanoti **mtu mzima**  (grown person, adult). VaSwahili vanoti **uzee** (old age) kureva rukweguro.
*VaMambwe vanoti **ulanzi** (longevity, long life, durability, ability of surviving many confinements, sickness, etc) kureva kurarama nguva refu.
*Kimbundu vanoti **kufa ni ukota** (die in old age) kufa wakwegura. Mamwe mazwi: **ukota** (n. adulthood, majority).
*VaLenje vanoti **chekula**  (be old, worn out - of persons and things) - zvichida vachireva kukwegura.
Muyerero weMagetsi

Muchidzidzo fundoyetsimba, muyerero wemagetsi (current) zvinoreva kuyerera kwechaji yemagetsi muhwendedzo inopereka magetsi.

Mumaseketi emagetsi, chaji iyi inositakurwa nemaerekitironi muwaya. Inogonawo kutakurwa nemaayoni mumugetsenurwa (electrolyte) kana kuti nezvose maerekitironi nemaayoni mupurasima. 

Chiyero chemuyerero  mumaSI chinoyera reti yekuyerera kwechaji paumwe hwechiyero chenguva chinonzi **[[ambee]]** (A) (muChirungu, ampere). Ambee imwe chete inoyera chaji yecoulomb imwe chete inoyerera munguva yesekondi imwe chete. muyerero  rwemagetsi runopimwa nemuchina unonzi **amita**.

*Kutseneneka (ran in the form of a stream) zvichireva kuyerera serukova kusina mugumo asi kunoramba kuchiitika. Saka tinokwanisa kuturikira **current** kuti mutsenerero.
*Nhetemetsi (Electric Current; electricity).

## Mhando dzemuyerero

Muyerero  unonyanya kuwonekwa ruchifamba nenzira mbiri dzinoti: muyerero  unodungidzira *(alternating current)* uye muyerero  wakadondeka *(direct current)*.

*Muyerero wakadara wakateramiswa nembungano kana muyerero wakadara wakapanganwa pambungano - **conventional positive current**.
*Sase, sasaradzi, bari, barikira, mabarikira kana tsatsi (spark/sparks).

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaLenje neVaBemba vanoti **mukuku** (Current, flow of a stream or river) kureva muyerero wemvura. Pane izwi rinonzi makukurudzi kuShona.
*VaWabo vanoti **ngwalra** kana **ngwara** (n. current; flow). VaWabo vanoti **ngwalra** (v. flow).
*VaKongo vanoti **kurá** (n. electric current, electricity) kureva muyerero wemagetsi.
Hembe

Hembe (Shirt) zvichibva pazwi reAfrikaans rinoti **hemp**.

*Gwanda (sleeveless shirt).

## Mitauro yeBantu

*MaXhosa vanoti **ihempe** (Shirt) kureva hembe.
Chimedu

Chimedu (a fragment, small part of a whole) zvinoreva chikamu chidiki chinobva pakumedura chinhu chizere.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Kinande inoti akatsaru (n. a little piece, a small part of a whole).
*Umbundu vanoti **ociwa** (n. fragment of gourd).
Chisazita

Chisazita (pronoun) zvinoreva izwi rinonongedza chnhu asi risina kududza zita racho chairo.

## Mienzaniso yeZvisazita

Zvisazita zvinoshandiswa zvichienderana neMipanda yeMazita.

*Ini kana inini (me).
*Ivo (them or honorific for elders him/her).
*Isu (Us).
*Izvo (those things).
*Imo (inside their).
*Ivavo (those very same ones).
*Ipo (that very same place or time).
*Iri (this one).
*Iro (that one).
*Ipapo (right there in that place, location or time).
*Icho kana isvo (that thing).
*kano (this little thing).
*chino (this thing).

## Mazwi eBantu

*Mururimi rweLingala vanoti **ngai** (me, mine).
Middle East

**Middle East** (Sho. *Mabvazuva ePakati*) izita rakapiwa neVarungu kureva dunhu rekuMadokero kweEzhiya pamwe neIjipita. Marudzi akatekeshera mudunhu iri vanosanganisira: Vaarabhu; Vaazeri; Vakurudhi; Vaperusiya; ne Vaturuki, ava variyo marudzi ane vanhu vakanyanya kuwanda mudunhu iri. Mamwe marudzi vane huwandu hudiki ndevanoti: Vaameniya; Vaasiriya; Vacherikesi (Vasikasi); Vakoputi; VaDruze,Vajudha Vamaronite, ne Vasomali.

Nhoroondo yedunhu reMiddle East inozivikanwa kubva kumhokore uye dunhu iri rakagara riri gombe munyaya dzinobata Pasirose. Zvitendero zvine chitsama zvakadzikwa zvichibva kuMiddle East - izvi zvinosanganisira Chijudha, Chikristu Chiislamu; ChiBaha'i, uye Unitarian Druze, nezvimwewo zvitendero zvakapfumbira mudunhu iri. Middle East idunhu rinopisa uye rakawoma; asi riiine nzizi huru dzinodiridza minda nokuraramisa hurimi munzvimbo dzeko. Nzizi idzi ndedzinoti: Rwizi Nairi kuIjipita uye Rwizi Tigirisi neRwizi Yufuratesi dzine muzanda kumatundu eMesopotamia inova nzvimbo inozivikanwa kunzi Fertile Crescent. Nyika zhinji dzedunhu iri dzakaganhurana neGhova rePerusiya  uye dzine hupfumi hwakakura hwemafutarubwe. Zvinonzi kune magodzonga eVatongi munhu iri vanosimbisa utongi hwavo nemari inobva mukutengesa mafutarubwe kunyika dzekunze. Dunhu reMiddle East idunhu rine makakatanwa mazhinji munhau dzinobata: matongerwo enyika; tsika; chitendero; hupfumi nerunyera mupingo - *strategy*. 

Mupingi - (leader). Rupingo (foremost).
## Nyika dzeMiddle East

Kana kuchinyorwa mazuvano, nyika dziri mudunhu reMiddle East ndedzinoti: Bahrain Cyprus; Ijipita (inyika yeAfurika); Irani; Iraki; Isiraeri; Jorodhani; Kuwaiti; Lebhanoni; Omani; Qatar; Saudhi Arabhia; Siriya; Turuki; United Arab Emirates; neYemeni.
Mwero weKucheka

Chinyorwa chino chiri kuunganidza mazwi anotaura mutowo wekucheka nayo:

*Kucheka (cut general word), . 
*Kutema (cut with axe). 
*Kugura; kudimura; kudimbura; kukweshura; kunyetura (cut through). 
*Kupazura; kukwazura; kupamura; kutsetsenura (cut lengthwise).
*Kuchekera; kuchecheudza; kuchecheura; kudendenura; kutendenura; kuchechenedza (cut out larger). 
*Kuchenyura (cut open), 
*Kutsemura; kupfemura; kubamura (split off), 
*Kugura nepakati (cut in halves),  
*Kuchekanya; kuguranya; kucheka-cheka; kupaza; (cut up small).
*Kujagada, kujagadudza kana kujagadura (1. Cut through several times; 2. Cut several times). Akajagada nyoka. Ari kujagada mafere enguruve
*Jagadu (ideo of Cutting through several times).  
*Kuvenda?? (cut cloth or bark). 
*Kushizha (cut the throat). 
*Kunyadura; kunyamura (off a small piece). 
*Kuvedzenga (cut in strips). 
*Kusendenudza cut out -as of rotten place), . 
*Kusema (of a splinter or grass). 
*Kurangura (cut off branches). 
*Kusanira (cut off branches, and place round stem). 
*Kupemena; kupunura; kukuhuna (cut down brushwood). 
*Kurigura; kumushura, (cut down to the ground). 
*Kumweta (cut grass with sickle). 
*Kurungura (cut off joint). 
*Chitemwa; chigurwa (cutting).
Chapotera cheNhangande Dzakadevana

| Nhangande ye Mishonga | Udorongodzwa hwe nhangande dze mushonga

**Tafura ye Rupotera** (kureva *periodic table; periodic table of elements*) kana **Chapotera cheNhangande Dzakadevana**  chinyorwa chinotaridza Nhangande dzemishonga dzakadungamidzana pamindanda. Apa Nhangande dzinenge dzakarongwa dzichichitevedza zvipimwa zvakacherechedzwa nenyanzvi kuti zvinoramba zvichidzokorora. Chapotera chinotaridza Nhangande dzakatevedzana: nehukuru hwenhamba yeHatomu; kurongeka kwegute rema *electron* nedzimwewo faniro dzakacherechedzwa. Nhangande dzinonyorwa dzichimirirwa nemavara anodudza mazita acho, imwe neimwe mubhokisi rayo. 

## Kupiwa kwezita

Shoko rokuti kudevanisa rinoreva kuronga wakadungamidza zvichitevedza hungava: hukuru; huremu; hwasha; zera kana chimwe chingacherechedzwa chinokwaniswa kupimiwa. Sokutaura kwaitwa pamusoro pane zviripo zvakacherechedzwa paNhangande zvinotigonesa kudzidevanisa saizvozvi dzakaita ruwarikano rwemindanda. 

Rupoterera zvinenge zvoturikira *periodicity* - apa kureva kupota kunoramba kuchidzoka panhambo inozivikanwa.

Boterero (Period) apa kureva mizera yakachinjika paChapotera. Sokuti muzera unovambira pane *Hydrogen (H)* kusvika pane *Helium (He)* iboterero rokutanga. Boterero rechipiri rinovambira pane *Lithium (Li)* kusvika pane *Argon (Ar)*.

Boka (Group) apa kureva shongwe dzinodzika kubva kumusoro ichienda zasi paChapotera.  Sokuti shongwe inovambira pane *Beryllium (Be)* kusvika pane *Radium (Ra)* iboka rechipiri. Boterero regumi rinovambira pane *Nickel (Ni)* kusvika pane *Darmstadtium (Ds) *.
## [[Nhangande Rudarikira]]

Nhangande Dzakadarikira (transition elements) imhando yenhangande dzine chikokerero **(shell/orbital)** chezasi chisina kuzara asi chikokerero chekumucheto chizere nema electron anokwanamo. Nhangande rudarikira dzine nhamba dzeHatomu dzinoti: 21–29, 39–47, 57–79, uye 89–107. Saka zita rokuti Nhangande Dzakadarikira rinobva pakuti dendera remukati igasva asi dendera rekumuchete rizere. Nickel imhando yenhangande rudarikira.

## '''Tafura'''
Marangwanda

Marangwanda, rangwanda kana macharangwanda (1. Skeleton, 2. scattered bones generally of animal).

*Chipfundo kana chifundo (skeletal joint) kureva panosangana mapfupa maviri sepabvi, pabendekete kana pagokora.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaMambwe vanoti **musakalala** (n. skeleton) vachireva rangwanda.
*VaLomwe vanoti **makhuva** kana **makuva** (skeleton; bones) vachireva rangwanda kana mapfupa.
*Lubwisi vanoti **ekuwa** (n. skeleton). VaGanda vanoti **gufa** (skeleton) vachireva rangwanda.
Kudzingiswa

* Dzingiswa *


Izwi rokuti kudzingiswa (circumcision in English) rinoreva kuchekwa kweganda rinovhara kumberi kwenhengo yesikarudzi yechirume inonzi mboro. Vamwe vanoshandisa izwi rokuti kuchecheudzwa kutaura tsika iyoyi.

Zvichienderana netsika munzvimbo dzakasiyana ganda iri rinochekwa pamazera akasiyana okuzvarwa. Zvakare zvikonzero zvinopiwa kutevedza tsika iyi zvinosiyana. Vamwe vanoita tsika iyi vachitevedza Chinamato. Vamwe vanoita vachiti inzira yokutaridza kuyaruka kwemukomana kuti ava murume. Vamwe vanoita senzira yokuchengetedza hutano vachiti nhengo yakachecheudzwa haichengete tsvina kumberi kwayo kana ganda riya rabiswa. 

Kurudzi rwemaJudah, tsika yokudzingiswa inoitwa kana mwana ave nemazuva manonwe (8) okuzvarwa. MaJudah vanoita izvi vachitevedzwa mhiko yakaitwa nababa vavo Abraham pamberi paMwari.

Vanamati vechiMuslim vanoitawo tsika yokudzingisa.

Kuno kuAfrica vaRemba vanowanikwa kunyanya mudunhu reMberengwa vanoitawo tsika yokudzingisa iyi. Rudzi rwevaRemba vanoti madzibaba avo maJudah kana kuti vakabva kwakare kunyika yemaJudah.

Mamwe marudzi anoita tsika iyi yokudzingiswa anosanganisira: Xhosa; Shangani; Chewa; Varungu nemamwewo marudzi.

Hurumende yeZimbabwe ichishanda mubazi rezveHutano iri kukurudzira kuti varume vadzingiswe senzira yokuderredza kutapurirana kwehutachiona hunokonzera AIDS hunonzi HIV.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Dzinga kana mudzingwa (one who is being circumcised).


File:plastibell circumcision.jpg|Mazuva 4 mushure mekudzingiswa
File:Covenant of Abraham.JPG|MaJudah vanodzingisa vacheche
File:Flaccid penis cropped.jpg|Mboro isina kuchecheudzwa.


## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaGanda vanoti **okukomola** kana **okutayirira**  (n. circumcise) kureva kuchecheudza. 
*VaSwahili vanoti **zingia** kana **zingira**. (appl.  cause to encircle, surround etc).
*VaZigula vanoti **vunga** kana **mavunga** (foreskin; uncircumcised penis) kureva nhengo yakachecheudzwa.
*VaHerero vanoti **omu-kova** (n. foreskin) kureva ganda remberi remboro.
*Baila vanoti **bushonto** (smallness). Baila vanoti **-shonto** (small, little).  Sokuti: **matwi mashonto** (the ears are small).
*MaZulu vanoti **soka** kana **ukusoka** (circumcize) kureva kudzingisa. VaBukusu vanoti **liisoondo** (n. foreskin).

*Tarisai chinyorwa chinonzi Dzingire.
Rupoterera

*<small>Tarisai futi peji re [[Chapotera cheNhangande Dzakadevana|Chipotera che Nhangande Dzakadevana]]</small>*

**Rupoterera** (ku chingezi: periodicity)

## Musvomhu

* Gorokodzwa ya Bott ye Rupoterera
* Rupotereta rwe Murimo (Murimo (Masvomhu) period function)
* Kumepa Rupoterera (periodic mapping)

## Musainzi ye fundoyetsimba

* Tirendi ye rupoterera (periodic trend)
* Chipotera che Nhangande dzakadevana

## Mamwe mapeji ekutarisa

* Masvomhu
* Sainzi
* Chemishonga
* Fundoyetsimba
* Nhangande yeMushonga
Hupenyu

Mazwi anoti ndaramo, huraramo kana hupenyu (life) anotaurwa pamusoro pezvinhu zvakacherechedzwa kuti: zvinorarama; zvinotsvaga kudya; zvinoberekana; zvinokura kana kukwegura uye zvinofa. Pane zviitiko zvitanhatu zvinotsawuranisa zvinhu zvipenyu nezvinhu zvisina upenyu. Zviitiko izvi zvinowanikwa muzvinhu zvose zvine hupenyu asi hazviitike pazvinhu zvisina hupenyu.Kuva nehupenyu kunotaridzwa nezviitiko zvinosanganisira: 

*Kutsvaga chokudya.
*Kushandudza simba kubva kumhando imwe kuenda kune imwe.
*Kurasa tsvina dzemuviri.
*Kubereka vana.
*Kusamhuka nekunhadzirisa nhengo dzemuviri. Apa kureva kukura miviri.
*Kufambisa mishonga inodiwa nemuviri.

Izwi rokuti ndaramo rinoshandiswa zvakare kutaura chinonzi *safety* kuEnglish apa kurevera Kati zviri kuitwa hazvina njodzi, hupenyu hwevanhu hunochengetedzwa. Nokumwe kutaura tingati rudekaro!!!

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Hupenyu, kurarama, kupona (life) zvinoreva nguva yekurarama kwemunhu, mhuka kana chimwewo chinhu chine hupenyu .
*Adhamu wakapona makore zana nemakumi matatu (130), wakabara mukororo: After Adam lived 130 years he fathered a son ... (*Genesis 5:3* Bhaibheri reChiNdau).
*Kune zita remhuri rinonzi Mupona.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaKongo, VaLenje neVaNyungwe vanoti **moyo** (life). VaChewa vanoti **umoyo** (life, constitution, soul). 
*VaBemba neBaila vanoti **bumi** (life) kureva hupenyu. VaTonga vanoti **buumi** kana **maumi** (n. life, health) kureva hupenyu. 
*Yao inoti **umi** (n. life) kureva hupenyu. VaKabwa neVaIkizu vanoti **-menya** (dwell; live) kureva kugara.
*VaLozi vanoti **bupilo** (n. life) kureva hupenyu. Vanobva vati **-pila** (v.t. to live) kureva kurarama. VaVenda vanoti **vhutshilo** (n. life - no plural).
*Tiriki inoti **khumenya** (live, dwell, stay at a place) zvichireva kugara panzvimbo. Maconde inoti **ulama** kana **umi** (life).
*Swahili, neDigo vanoti **uzima** (1. life, vitality; health, vigor, energy; 2. full development; 3. maturity; adulthood; 4. completeness, perfection; 5. existence, reality).
Ndaramo

Izwi rokuti ndaramo rinoshandiswa panokuturikira chinonzi **safety** kuEnglish. Mukutaura kwamazuva ose rinoreva kurarama hupenyu. Pano pashanda pfungwa inoti kana chinhu chisina ndaramo kureva kuti chine njodzi - hachisi **safe**.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*... muranda wako waona nyasha mukuona kwako, newe wakurisa nyasha dzako, dzewaonisa kwendiri ngokuponesa ndaramo yangu: Your servant has found favor in your eyes, and you have shown great kindness to me in sparing my life. (Genesis 19:18 Bhaibheri reChiNdau).

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaLenje vanoti **puluka** (be saved, safe).
*VaLenje vanoti **wuumi** kana **wumi** (n. life, health, soundness, safety) vachireva hupenyu, hutano, chisvinu, ndaramo.
*VaGiryama vanoti **muzima** (healthy) zvichireva kuva mutano.
*Izwi rokuti  **uzima** (completeness) rinotaurwa mururimi rwe**Swahili**.
*Vatauri veKinyarwanda neKirundu vanoti **-zima** (alive, whole, healthy) vachireva mupenyu, bumburu, mutano.
*Vatauri veKinyarwanda vanoti **izima** (to be firm, stubborn).
*Vatauri veKinyarwanda vanoti **ubuzima** (life, wholeness) vachireva mupenyu, bumburu, mutano.
Hwada

Muchidzidzo cheKupimanzvimbo, hwada (*layer* kuEnglish) ndicho chimwe nechiwarikwa. Tsananguro izere inowanikwa kuchinyorwa chinonzi chiwarikwa

Zita iri rinotoredzera pakuti *layer* ine kuumbwa kunenge kweruware; rinova dombo rakapararira panharaunda yakakura asi risina hudzamu hwakanyanya.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Kikongo inoti **mbandu** (a layer, a stratum, a generation). VaKongo inoti **kunda** (a layer, a stratum, a storey in a building).
*Yao inoti **mbuwa** (a layer). Lugwere inoti **lususu**  (a layer).
*Lugungu inoti **mungunira**, **mu̱ki̱ki̱ma** kana **mu̱zi̱mbo**  (a layer).
*Zigula inoti **tabaka**  (a layer).
Mwero weMaitiro

Chinyorwa chino chinounganidza mazwi anodudza maitirwo akaitwa basa, chinhu, kana chirongwa chiri kucherechedzwa.

*Kutunha, kutunhidzira, kutunhiridza (defer, postpone). 
*Do - kuita.

*Do just in time - kutevedzera. 

*Do on purpose - kuita maune kana kuita bwoni. 

*Do in unison, - kuita mama. 

*Do in quick succession, - kuita mutute; kuita chingaya-ngaya; kuita mudove; kuita mukata-mukata, 

*Do quickly and badly, - kuita mvinya-mvinya. 

*Do badly or incomplete job, - kuita zvakaipa; kusiyira kana kusiyirira. 

*Do together (as in stamping), kudzidzana. 

*Do an improper thing, kupata. 

*Do reluctantly, kukaza kana kunyongoroka. 

*Do in a wrong way, kuresva. 

*Do abundantly, kuwanza. 

*Do again, kupamha kana kupamhidza. 

*Do regularly, at right time, kuita mashonga. 

*Do carefully, - natso kana -nyatso. 

*Do in a different way, kupiningura. 

*Do well and abundantly, - kuzazambura. 

*Do in turn, - kuravana.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

Nyoka inonzi ino hwoni nokuti inouraya chaisingadyi: a snake is said to be malicious because it kills what it does not eat. 

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Rurimi rweLugwere rune izwi rokuti mafa (tug of war, heated showdown; fierce contest between equally matched groups, with the potential of causing fatalities among those involved). Mafa izita remhuri.
Chinepfu (pamuhambo)

Chinepfu (inertia) zvinoreva chiitiko chinoonekwa chokuti mutumbi kana uchidenhedzwa nefosi hazvidi kushanduka kubva pamafambiro kana kumira kwawanga wakaita. Chiitiko ichi chinonyorwa pamitemo yeruhambo yaNewton sezvizvi.

***Mutemo wekutanga**: Pachinge pasina fosi rokunze rinotsimbira, mitumbi yose inoramba iri pakuzorora, kana pakuhamba kusingachinje kunotevedza gwara rakatwasuka. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mutumbi wakazorora unoramba wakazorora kusvika watekenyewa nefosi rokunze risina rimwe fosi rinorigadadza. Zvakare mutumbi uri kuhamba unoramba uri kuhamba nespidhi imwechete uye rudzivo rusingachinje kusvika apo unotekenyewa nefosi rokunze risina rimwe fosi rinorigadadza. Uyu mutemo unotaura pamusoro pechinepfu.
Mukwashi

Muchidzidzo chezvipenyu mukwashi, mukwasi kana kuti hororo (crane) ishiri ine mhando dzinowanikwa kuzviwumbe zvose kunze kweSouth America neAntarctica.
Gwarazima

**Gwarazima** (kuturikira, nge. *algorithm*) kana futi **mukwarazima** paimwe nzira yekutaura. Apa gwarazima unenge uri mutowo wakarongeka uye wakanatsa kudenengurwa unotaura matanho akafanirwa kutevedzwa pamishumo yeMasvomhu uye yemaKombiyuta.

## Kupiwa kwe Zita

KuChingezi izwi rokuti Algorithm rinodudzirwa richinzi: - *a set of rules for solving a problem in a finite number of steps, as for finding the greatest common divisor.* Izwi iri rinotodza zita remurume wekuPerusiya aiva nyanzvi yeMasvomhu ainzi Al-Khwarizimi. Mukuturikira kuChiShona pashandiswa mazwi anoti: gwara kureva nzira, uye nzima kureva divi renzira risina kureruka kudarika. Izwi rokuti nzima rapfupiswa rikava **zima** kuti zvitodzane nekutaurika kwezita raAl-Khwarizimi.  

Izvi zvoreva kuti *Algorithm* inodiwa pakushanda zvinhu zvisina kureruka, zvinoda kuitwa nomutowo wakanatsa kudenengurwa. Pahuzhinji *Algorithms* inenge yonzi makwarazima.
 
*Zvakanaka kuonesana kuti mazwi okuti mukwarazima kana gwarazima haako kuChiShona inodzidziswa kuZvikoro, asi munyori ari kuedza kuumba mutauro unoturikira zviri kutaurika mazuva ose kuChingezi.
Mvumi

*Mvumi (Puff Adder snake).
*Mvumi (thick blanket of cloud or smoke?).

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaVenda vanoti **mvumi** (n. dark clouds) kureva mvumi.
Musoko

*Musoko (Shower of rain).
*Musoko-Musoko (Eating mouthfuls).
*Musoko sezita (n. a family name).

*Chisi chako, kuita musoko-musoko kana kuti unodya wakatarisa kumusuo. What is not yours, you are bound to eat in mouthfuls while facing the door.
Munyire

**Munyire** (ku Chingezi: ethos; ethics) ishoko rinoshandiswa ku tsanangura zvitendo zvevanhu kana maitiro avo anopa runyire mu musha, dhidhizha kana idhiyoroji.

* Unyire (ethics)

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Waalii vanoti nyira; chenla (adj. perceptive) kureva kuchenjera. Mamwe mazwi: dangnyira (n. prescient).

## Mamwe mapeji ekutarisa

* Musambo 
* Mutowo 
* Tsika 
* Hunhu
Kuyambikana

Muchidzidzo chePimanyika, kuyambikana (*parallel*) izwi rinotsangangudza mitsetse miviri yakati twasa yakataramukana nhambwe dzakaenzana panzvimbo dzose kana nhambwe ichipimwa pakati pemitsetse iyi. Apa nhambwe inofanirwa kunge iri kupimwa kuchitevedzwa mitsetse wechitatu unocheka mitsetse miviri yokutanga. Mutsetse wechitatu unofanirwa kunge uchicheka miviri iyi pamukwava une gonyo rakaenzana panzvimbo dzose. Muenzaniso wemitsetse wakati sambamba isimbi mbiri dzenjanji nokuti dzinofamba dzakayererana asi dzisingapesane. 

Vatauri veSwahili vanoti sambamba.

## Mazwi ari Pedyo

*Kuyambuka (to cross over) zvichireva kubira rwizi.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*AmaZulu vanoti **lungana**  (Be opposite, parallel). Mamwe mazwi: **lungelela** (Place parallel; place in line (end wise).
*Swahili inoti **amba** (be in contact, stick together, adhere). VaSwahili vanoti **ambika** (hold/stick together, cohere). 
*Lenje inoti **ambana** (touch each other, be close together, stand in line, abreast) vachireva kugumana, kuva pedyo nepedyo, kuita mudungwe. 
*Tiriki inoti **khulondana** (lie alongside, go along with, go together, be next to) kureva **kurondana**. 
*Lubukusu inoti khukhwakana (vi. be parallel, meet in a straight line, be equal, be level) kureva kuyambikana.
*Zigula inoti **kuandama; kuandamila** (to walk by the side of; to cleave, to stick together). 
*Hadiyya inoti amba (vicinity, village, neighborhood, settlement).
Gukurahundi

*Gukurahundi muZimbabwe (Brutal killings of Ndebele people in the 1980s) zvinoreva kuurayiwa kwakaitwa vanhu verudzi rweMaNdebele kuma 1980.
*Gukurahundi (First Rains that wash away the chaff).
Tafura yeKuwanza Huwandu

Muchidzidzo masvomhu, Tafura yeKuwanza Huwandu (Multiplication Tables or Times Tables ) zvinoreva tafura inoshandiswa pa[.kuwanza. Kuruboshe kwetafura iyi ndiko kune mberengi, kumusoro kwetafura kune nhamba dzinotaura kuti mberengi iri kuungwa kechingani. PaMuravanegumi, Tafura yeKuwanza Huwandu inoonekwa sehwaro pachidzidzo chemasvomhu. Vadzidzisi vazhinji vanerudaviro rwekuti zvakakosha kuti vadzidzi vange vachiziva Tafura yeKuwanza Huwandu nemusoro kusvika pana 12 x 12.

Tafura iri pasi apo inosvika pana 20 x 20. MuZimbabwe vadzidzisi vazhinji  vanodzidzisa vanoda kuti vana vazive kusvika pana 12 x 12.

## Kupiwa kwezita

Panoitwa Tafura yeKuwanza Huwandu,  *(multiplication table)*  sezviri pamufananidzo uri pamusoro, kune nhamba inoverengwa nayo inonzi mberengi, **n**. Kuruboshwe kwetafura zvichidzika ndiko kune mberengi, pamusoro petafura kubva kuruboshwe zvichienda kurudyi ndipo panoverengwa kuwanzwa kwemberengi.

*Kana mberengi yadanwa kamwe, zvakafanana nokuti **n x 1**. 

*Kana mberengi yapamha kudanwa kagumi izvi zvakafanana nokuti **n x 10** zvichingodaro. 

*Kana mberengi yapamha kudanwa kechi *makumi maviri*, zvakafanana nokuti **n x 20**.

*Zvakafanira tiwonesane kuti pana **n x 20**, kana *makumi maviri* iriyo mberengi **n** ndiko kuverengwa kwekuti mberengi yadanwa kechingani. Saka nhamba dzose dziri mbiri dzinogonha kuva mberengi.

## Nhoroondo

Murume wekuGreece ainzi Pythagoras aiva godobori remasvomhu, akanyora Tafura yeKuwanza Huwandu iri kutaridzwa pamufananidzo uri pano.

Mugore 1820, godobori remasvomhu John Leslie akadhindisa bhuku rainzi *The Philosophy of Arithimetic* iro raiva nebamhamberengi ya 99 kusvika pana 99 x 99. John Leslie aikurudzira vadzidzi vake kuti vazive Tafura yeKuwanza Huwandu nemusoro kusvika pana 25 x 25.
Chizvarirwo

Izwi rokuti chizvarirwo riri kushandiswa pano kuedza kuturikira chinonzi **nature** kuEnglish.

Izwi rokuti *nature* rinodudzirwa kuEnglish richinzi - the material world, especially as surrounding humankind and existing independently of human activities.

*Matumbwa (tribe, clan, family name) zvichireva rudzi, dzinza kana mhuri.
*Chibarinye (Nature of thing of person) zvichireva chizvarirwo.
*Dumburira (nature as in the place and location).?? Uku kuyedza kuvaka mazwi. Fananidzai nekuchera michero mujerera.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Irikidzayi munhu ane mwoyo werudo, icho chizvarirwo chake. Irikidzayi is by nature a loving person.
*Chizvarirwo chadzo mhumhi kuti dzinovhima dziri danga. It's the nature of wild dogs to hunt in a pack.
*Baba vaRopafadzo vaiva chizvarwa chekuZambia. Ropafadzo's father was a native of Zambia.

## Mazwi eBantu

*VaWanga vanoti **imero** (n. nature; life; make-up; habits; customs; what s.o. is like - character & appearance). 
*VaVenda vanoti **Saintsi dza mupo** (Natural Sciences).
*MaZulu vanoti **imvelo** (n. 1. Nature, natural state. 2. Habit, natural custom). Mamwe mazwi: **ngokwemvelo** (naturally).
*MaZulu vanoti **imilo** (n. nature). Mamwe mazwi: **isimilo** (Nature; characteristic). **Mila** (Germinate, sprout).
*MaZulu vanoti **Yisimilo sesikhova ukulala emini** (It is the nature of the owl to sleep in the daytime). 
*VaMambwe vanoti vanoti **kakwatilo** (an innate quality - good or bad). Apa **-kwata** (to give birth to, to bring forth) zvinoreva kuzvara.
*Bemba vanoti **cifyalilo** (n. heredity).
Munhu

**Munhu** (kana *mundu* uye *munthu* muChindau) chisikwa chakanaka chakasikwa naMwari pazuva rechitanhatu ravakasika denga nenyika nazvose zvirimo.

*Mutsa (humans considered as a group; the human race).   

*Munhu paakaya ane mweya usingarovi. Man has this essential quality, he has an immortal soul.

## Mitauro ye Chiafurika

*VaLenje vanoti **muntu** (person) vachireva munhu. VaGungu neMaZulu vanoti **bantu** (people) vachireva vanhu.
*Lenje vanoti **mwana** (person) vachireva munhu. Mamwe mazwi: **mwanike** (child - either boy or girl, son or daughter) vachireva mwana mudiki.
*Lenje vanoti **mwanakashi** (female person) kureva munhukadzi. Baila vanoti **mumi** (a living person) kureva munhu mupenyu.
*Lenje vanoti **mwanalume** (male person, husband) kureva munhurume. Sangho vanoti **zo** (n. human) kureva munhu.
*Digo vanoti **mwanadamu** (n. human) kureva munhu. Shilluk vanoti **tero** (n. people) vachireva vanhu
*VaMambwe vanoti  **mulawa** (n. person, a human being) kureva munhu.
Goromokwa reDunhu

Shoko rokuti Goromokwa reDunhu (landslide) riri kushandiswa pano kutsangura gukuravhu rinoyeredza ivhu zhinji pamateru egomo mushure mokunaya kwemvura zhinji. Apa chinoitika ndechekuti ivhu rinenge raguta nemvura, rotsvedza pamateru egomo.

Kukoromoka kweDunhu kunoitika kana kudzikama kwemawere kwashunduka kubva pakudzima kuenda pakusadzikama. Kushanduka kwemadzikamiro emawere kunokonzerwa nezvikonzero zvizhinji, zvangava zvinobatirana kana zvichishanda zviri zvoga. Zvikonzero zvakasikwa zvinowanikwa zvinosanganisira:

*Puresha inokonzerwa neMvura yemuvhu inosakisa kusadzikama kwemawere.
*Kuparadzwa kwemiti yakadzika midzi muvhu, kushayikwa kwezvirungavhu uye kaumbirwo kakaita ivhu racho.
*Gukuravhu rinoyeredza ivhu mujinga megomo, richikonzerwa nenzizi kana gungwa.
*Kusekesa kwevhu riri pamawere kunokonzerwa nekuwandisa kwemvura inonaya, kana sinowo inonyungudika.
*Kundengenyeka kwenyika kunosakisa kusadzikama kwamawere zvichibva pakuti ivhu riri pamawere rinenge rave matope.
*Mitoro inowedzerwa pamawere zvichibva paKundengenyeka kwenyika
*Kuduruka kwechikwatamabwe.

Kukoromoka kwemawere kunowedzerwa nebishingo revanhu rinosanganisira:

*Kutema miti, kurima pamawere uye kuvaka kunounza kusadzikama kwemawere anga asekesawo.
*Kundengenyeka kunokonzerwa nemichina kana michovha.
*Kudhuurwa kwematombo.
*Mibisho yekuchera ivhu inoshandura chimiro chemawere kana inounza mutoro mutsva pamawere.
*Kana ivhu risina kudzika, kubviswa kwemiti ine midzi yakadzika
*Mabasa ekuvaka, kurima kana kutema miti anoshandura huwandu hwemvura inosinina ichipinda muvhu.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Mhoromoka (1. Fallen soil on river-bank); tumbled stone (hillside) kureva panokoromoka nyika kari matombo achidzika kumatero kuenda mujinga regomo.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaKabwa vanoti **-oromoka** (slide down; erode e.g. of the soil).
*VaSwahili vanoti **-poromoka** (slide down; erode e.g. of the soil).
*VaTiriki vanoti **khukholomokha** (to descend a slope; go down) vachireva kukoromoka.
*ChiNembe vanoti **koro** (v. fall - of rain, dew, night, darkness; descend; drop; come down; rain).
*ChiNembe vanoti **koro** (v. drop from; cease from; alight from; come down from; drop, come, fall, land, on).
Kubvisa (nhamba)

Muchidzidzo masvomhu, **Kubvisa** (-) (Subtration in English) zvinoreva kutapudza kubva pane huwandu hwezvinhu zviripo. Kana paine huwandu **a** kuchibviswa huwandu **b**, chiitiko ichi chinonyorwa sezvizvi a - b.  
 
**a - b** zvinoreva kuti huwandu hunosara pakubvisa zvinhu b kubva muzvinhu a.
 
Muenzaniso;
 
6 - 4 = 2: zviviri ndihwo huwandu hunosara mukubvisa zvhinhu zvina kubva muzvitanhatu
 
Pane hukama pakati pekuwedzanisa nekubvisa. Kubvisa kwakafanana nekuwedzanisa zvauinazvo nezvawakakwereta uchirangarira kuti zvawakakwereta zvinoita kuti zvauinazvo zvive zvishoma nehuwandu hwezvikwereti.

Kubvisa, chiitiko chingashandiswa kupangidza zviitiko zvina (4) zvinoda kunofanana sezvizvi:

* Kubva paboka rezvinhu tinoda kubvisa zvinhu zvine huwandu hunozivikanwa. Ngatitii semuenzaniso tine maapple 5 tobvisa 2, tobva tasara ne 3.

* Kubva pane chinhu chakapimwa tinoda kubvisa huwandu hwakapimwa nechiyero chimwecho. Kana ndairema 100 kg ndodonhedza 5 kg, ndinenge ndave kurema 100 - 5 = 95 kg.

*Kufananidza zvinhu zviviri zvine huwandu hunopimwa nechiyero chimwe. Somuenzaniso ngatitii tinoda kutsvaga musiyano pakati pa $800 na $600, tinoti $800 - $600 = $200.

*Kutsvaga nhambwe iripo pakati penzvimbo mbiri tichitangira kubva pahoko imwe chete inozivikanwa, isingatsukunyuke. Somuenzaniso kana pari pamugwagwa mumwe taona chikwangwari chinoti 150 km, shure kwezvo tozoonazve chimwe chinoti 160 km. Kureva kuti pafambwa 160 - 150 = 10 kilometres.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Kudusa (Take, or bring, away, or out or off) apa kureva kubvisa chinhu panzvimbo kana panhu.
Rusengedzano

Pachinyorwa chino shoko rokuti ruchichinuko rusengedzano (convection) riri kushandiswa kuturikira mafambiro anoita madziya mumvura iri pachoto nenzira inoti madziya anosimuka pamwe nemvura yakadziyiswa pagaro repoto kuenda kumusoro kwepoto kunodziya zvishoma. Nekune rimwe divi mvura yakatonhora iri pamusoro inonyura kuenda pasi; ipapo inodziyiswa yobva yasimukawo zvichingodaro. Mafambiro aya anokonzerwa nokusiyana kwehuduma hwemvura dzine hujoto hwakasiyana.

*1. Mvura yakadziya ine huduma hwakaderera saka inonyenguka kuenda kumusoro.
*2. Mvura yakatonhora ine huduma hwakakwira saka inonyura kuenda pasi.  

Gute romweya wakatikomberedza rinotaridza mafambiro emadziya nemutowo werusengedzano zvakare . Kana muri mudzimba mweya unodziya unokwira kuenda kudenga kumarata, mweya unotonhora uchidzika pasi panogara vanhu. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonero zvinoti dzimba dzivakwe sirin'i (ceiling) kuitira kuchengata mweya unodziya muchikamu chemba chinogarwa nevanhu kwete kudenga kumbariro kusina anogara kana kuvatako.

## Kupiwa kwezita

Izwi rokuti rusengedzano rinotodzana nerokuti kusenga rinoreva kutakura kuendesa kune imwe nzvimbo - to transport.
Dzoma

Dzoma (bushbuck) rudzi rwemhuka inowanikwa muAfrica Zasi kweSahara. Vamwe vatauri vanoti soma, tsoma kana goho.

Gwete (ram of a bushbuck) apa kureva dzoma hono rinozvarisa.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaWabo vanoti **baala** (n. bushbuck) kureva dzoma.
Muserimadzwa

Muserimadzwa (*subsidy*) zvinoreva chikamu chemutengo wenhumbi chinobhadharwa nehurumende ichibhadhara kambani dziri kutengesa nhumbi. Muserimadzwa rinoripwa kuzadzisa zvinangwa zviviri zvinoti: chekuti mutengo wenhumbi unge wakaderera kusvika pokuti vatengi vanokwanisa kutenga nyore; uye kuti kambani dzikwanise kuramba dzichigadzira nhumbi dzisingarasikirwe nemari. Saka Muserimadzwa rinoderedza mutengo kuvatengi asi risingaderedze mari inogamuchirwa nemwene wekambani.

Izwi rokuti *subsidy* rinobva pakuti *sitting behind* apa kureva kuti *subsidy* muripo wakaitwa kare ugere seri kwemutengo unobhadharwa nevatengi. Saka kuChiShona zvanyorwa kunzi muserimadzwa kureva mari igere seri kwemutengo.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Hurumende iri kuripa muserimadzwa unokwana $0.25 parita repeturu. Apa kureva – the Government is subsiding petrol at $0.25 per litre.
Gwatara (paRwizi)

Gwatara zvinoreva vhu riri pedyo nerwizi pane dhaga gukurwa nehunyoro zvinokonera kuti zvirimwa zvikure zvakanaka. Kana nzvimbo idzi dzawanda dzinonzi makwatara.

## Tsika

*Mombe dziri kufura mugwatara.
Nguva yaNoah

Nhoorondo ya Noah inowanikwa pana Mavambo 9:23. Noah aive mwanakomana wa Lamech. Bhaibheri rinotizivisa kuti Noah akanga akarurama, achifamba nenzira dzaifadza Mwari, asingatevedzi huipi hwakanga huzere munyika. Nokuda kwehuipi uhwu Mwari vakaita chitsidzo chokuti vaizoparadza Pasirose nemafashamo emvura - vachiponesa Noah nemhuri yake. Pakaitika mafashamo emvura iyi, kwakapona vanhu vanomwe (8) vanoti: Noah nemukadzi wake; vanakomana vaNoah vainzi Shem, Ham naJaphet; uye vakadzi vakanga vakaroorwa nevanakomana vaNoah.

## Mazuva Akanaya Mvura

Genesis 7:11 inotaura kuti, imwe mvura yainaya asi imwe mvura yaibva pasi muninga dzemvura dziri pasi pevhu. Pana Genesis 7:12 Bhaibheri rinotionesa kuti mvura yakanaya siku nesikati kwemazuva makumi mana.

## Nguva yavakagara muAreka

Bhaibheri rinotionesa kuti Noah akagara muAreka kwenguva inodarika gore. Genesis 7:11 inotaura kuti Noah akapinda muAreka riri zuva regumi nesere (17), mumwedzi wechipiri (2), riri gore remazana matanhatu (600) rokuberekwa kwake. Uyu ndiwo musi wakatanga kunaya kwemvura uye kutubuka kwemvura yakakonzera mafashamo Pasirose.  Genesis 8:13 inotaura kuti mvura yakawoma pasi mumwedzi wekutanga (1) wegore remazana matanhatu rerimwe (601) rokuzvarwa kwaNoah. Asi Noah akazobuda muAreka pazuva remakumi maviri nesere (27), mumwedzi wechipiri mugore remazana matanhatu nerimwe (601). 

Tichiverenga nemazuva ekuberekwa kwaNoah, musi wa 17-02-600 ndipo pakatanga mafashamo. Musi wa 27-02-601, Noah nemhuri yake vakabuda muAreka. Saka Noah nemhuri yake vakanga vagara muAreka kwenguva inodarika gore rose.

## Mhuka dzakapinda muAreka

Mhuka zhinji dzakapinzwa muAreka dziri zvikwata zvehono nehadzi mbiri dziine rudzi rwadzo. Asi kune dzimwe mhuka dzakapinda dziri zvikwata zvisere (7) zvehono nehadzi.

## Mamwe Mazwi

Kufukaidza, kufukamira kana kufukaira (1. Flood, 2. Innundate,3. Cover with water) mazwi anoreva kuti mvura yazara pamusoro penyika se**guwe** kana mafashamo. Vamwe vatauri vanoti kufukanyira. 
*Mumazuva aNoah, mvura yakafukamira nyika yose: In the days of Noah flood water covered the whole earth.
Mwero weKutsvaka

Chinyora chino chakaunganidza mashoko anoreva kutsvaga:

*Kutsvaka (Search, look for, hunt). 
*kukwasha (Seek, look for, hunt).
*Search everywhere, kupatarika ; kuyenda ; kuyendenura. 
*Search intently, - kufuwa ; kukwashisa ; kutsakisa; -kufuwurudza; kubomaira;  kugunya; kuhuna; kudonaira; kuhunaira. 
*Search as of dog, kudzingidzira. 
*Kunena (Go in search of). 
*Search in a party, - kuita gunda. 
*Kutotota (Search diligently).
Chipanda

*Chipanda (peg).
*chipanda (Hook on which to hang things). 
*Chipanda (Woman whose relationship to a man is this, that her roora is used for *obtaining a wife for him. More commonly such a woman may be a man's sister, but occasionally this is not so. 
*Chipanda (Small wooden pillar for veranda. Upright to support platform of dara i.e. hut built high off ground). 
*Chipanda (Portion of field allotted to be weeded by one person or one group) apa kureva ndima.
*chipanda (Beer) kureva doro. 
*Chipanda  (Compartment.Room of house) kureva kamuri kana mupanda womb.
*Chipanda sezita (a family name).
Muhambo weRukamukano

Mashoko anoti Muhambo weRukamukano kana muhambo wakakamuka (relative motion) ari kushandiswa pano kutaura kufamba kwezvinhu zviviri zviri kufamba nomutowo wekukamukana. Apa muhambo wekukamukana zvinotaura mutowo wemuhambo unosanganisira: kusiyana kwespidhi kana mafambiro; kuparadzana; kutarangana kana kusiyana kwedivi riri kuendwa. Mihambo yose inoonekera zvichienderana nokuti wacho ari kucherechedza ari kutarisa ndima ine miganhu ipi. Nzvimbo iri kucherechedzwa tichaiti ndima yakarehwa  - *frame of reference*. Saka maonero okuti chinhu chiri kuhamba zvakadini anobva pakuti ndima yakarehwa iri nomucherechedzi ndeipi.

Pamwe tingaturikira **relative motion** tichiti muhambo unotaranza.

## Muenzaniso

Ngatitii kuna Tendai akagara padivi penjanji. Tendai anokwanisa kuona chitima chichipfuura nespidhi 50 km/hr kubva ku[mabvazuva] kuenda ku[madokero. Kana Tendai ane meso akapinza anokwanisa kuona chigubhu chiri patafura iri muchitima zvakare. Kuna Tendai chigubhu ichi chinenge chihamba nespidhi 50 km/hr kubva kumabvazuva kuenda kumadokero zvakare. 

Ngatitii kuna Ngwarai akagara pabhenji riri muchitima pedyo netafura ine chigubhu. Ngwarai akatarisa chigubhu ari paagere anoona sokuti chigubhu hachisi kuhamba - nokuti iye pamwe nechigubhu vagere muchitima chimwe pasina chiri kufamba muchitima makare.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Kukamuka (become separated from). Mombe iyi **yakamukana** mudanga redzayo seiko?

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaTonga vanoti **amuka**  (to lessen - of rain) vachireva kukamuka kwemvura.
Kusengudza (murwere)

Shoko rokuti kusengudza (remove sick person to temporary shelter) zvinoreva kubvisa murwere kubva mudzimba dziri pamusha zvinogarwa nevamwe achiiswa kwake oga. Izvi zvingaitwa nechinangwa chokuti chirwere chisatapukira kana kuti murwere awane nzvimbo yaanowana kuzorora pasina vanomuona nguva zhinji.

Shoko iri ringadaro richireva zvimwe nerekuti **quarantine** kuEnglish.
Chirahwe

Chirahwe, musande, chirapi kana chipari (riddle) chirevo chinotaura nhau chisina kuti nanga-nanga, asi chinoda kupiripikirwa kuti zvachinoreva zvibude pachena. Anopirikira chirahwe anonzi mupirikiri kana murapanuri. Kare kumamisha pwere dzaita dambe rekuti mumwe anotaura chirahwe vamwe vachipirikira.

*Kurapanura (to solve) zvichireva kududzira kutaura zvinorehwa kana kupa mhinduro.
*Kuparikira (to give answer to a riddle).

## Mienzaniso

*Tuma John asinganyare. Kurapanura kwacho: tsamba.
*Kuenda humbangu, kudzoka humbangu. Ichi chinopirikira kunzi: gonhi.
*Ndakwira mugomo ndikaona 7. Kurapanura kwacho: demo.

## Mitauro yeBantu
 
*Baila vanoti **kalabi** (n. riddle) kureva chirahwe. Mamwe mazwi: **kulabika** (to answer correctly a ridddle) vachireva kurapanura.
*VaTumbuka vanoti **kuphala** (to tell) kureva kuudza. VaTumbuka vanoti **kuphalira** (to explain) kureva kutsanangura.
*VaNyakyusa vanoti **fumbula** (v. solve). Mamwe mazwi: **fumba** (v. enclose in mouth or hands).
*VaTsonga vanoti **mahiri** (n. proverb). Vanoisa h patinoisa p. Ngala vanoti **mbangu** (adv. early).