Mharadzirwa yemaJudha

Mazwi anoti Mharadzirwa yemaJudha ari kushandiswa pachinyorwa chino kuturikira zvinonzi **Jewish Diaspora** kuEnglish, kunova kupararira kwevanhu verudzi rwemaJudha kubva munyika yechipikirwa yeIsrael vachikandwa mune dzimwe nyika dziri Pasirose. 

Kune maJudah achiriko anogara munyika yeIsrael inova nzvimbo yavanokoshesa senyika yechipikirwa chakaitwa pakati paMwari namadzibaba avo. MaJudah akawanda vakapararira Pasirose vaine hugari hwakawanda munyika dzinoti: USA; France; United Kingdom; Russia Argentina; Brazil nedzimwewo nyika. Pachinyorwa chino mazwi anoti mharadzirwa yemaJudha (Jewish Diaspora) ari kureva vanhu vose veRudzi rwaIsrael vanogara mune dzimwe nyika dzisiri Israel. Kuno kuAfrica maJudha vane hugari hwakawanda kunyanya muSouth Africa; hugari hwavo hunoda kusvika 71,100 munyika iyi. MuSouth Africa maJudah vakauya panguva yekupambwa kwenyika iyi, vamwe vachizouya munguva yohutongi hwevachena. Kune maJudah ari muSouth Africa akabva kuRussia uye kunyika dziri kumavirira kweRussia. Nyika idzi dzinosanganisira Lithuania; Poland; Estonia neLativia.

*Mugore 722 BC mawuto amambo weAssiriya akarwisa Israel akaikurira - nyika yamambo akakurirwa yaiva kumaodzanyemba weIsrael yatinoziva nhasi - northern kingdom. Mushure mezvi marudzi gumi vaigara munyika yamambo weIsrael vanodzingwa kubva munyika mavo, apo mambo weAssyria anovamwararidza mumatunhu enyika yake. 

*Mumakore 597 na586 BC, Nebuchadnezzar mambo weBabylon anorwisa Judaea achibva aikurira. Mushure mezvo Nebuchadnezzar anodzinga vanhu veJudea achinovagarisa muhutapwa kuBabylon. Vari kuBabylon maJudha vanotenderwa kugara mumana mamwe nerudzi rwavo vasina kumwararidzwa. 

*Mushure memakore makumi masere muhutapwa hweBabylon, Cyrus mambo wePersia anotendera vanhu vakabva Judea kuti vadzokere kunyika kwavo. Vakadzokerera panguva iyoyi vanosanganisira Ezra naNehemiah. Asi kune vamwe maJudha vasina kudzokera kumusha, ava vakasarudza kuramba vari muBabylon makare. 

*Munguva iyo nyika yeIsrael yakanga iri pasi pehutongi hwemadzimambo ePersia neGreece, maJudha vakanga vachitenderwa kutevedza tsika dzemadzibaba avo, uye vachirarama zvinoenderana nemitemo yechinamato chavo. Zvinonzi vamwe vavo katendeukira kune zvimwe zvinamato; vamwe vakatanga kusanganisa tsika yokunamata Yahweh nokunamata vamwe vamwari. Asi chikamu chihombe ndicho cheavo vakaramba vachinamata netsika dzechiJudha vachitevedza zvinyorwa zveTorah. 

*Mugore 63 BC Judea yakapambwa ikava nyika yaitongwa nemakurukota eVaRoma. Vatongi veChiRoma vakanga vaine hutsinye samare, vaitora mari zhinji kubva kumaJudha yavairipiswa semitero. Mugore 70 AD vagari veJudea vakapanduka vakamutsa chimurenga chekuda kusvisunungura kubva pahutapwa hwevatongi veChiRoma. Chimurenga ichi chakakundika, mawuto emaJudha vakaurawa, vamwe vakatizira kumakomo kwavaigara mugona reMasada. VaRoma vakakomba gona reMasada kwemakore maviri, vanhu vakapoteramo vakange vave kuziya nenzara mugore 73 AD. Asi kunonzi vanhu vakahwanda kuMasada vakasarudza kuzviuraya pane kuzvipira kuti vaurawe neVaRoma. VaRoma vakaparadza Jerusalem panguva iyoyi, vakatora Judea seimwe yematunhu aiva pasi pamambo weVaRoma. 

*Saka mushure megore 73 AD, nhoroondo yemaJudha inenga yotaurwa ichionesa ruzhinji rwavo vapararira munyika dzeAfrica, Asia, uye Europe.