open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
China

*<small>Kana muchitsavaka nyika tarisa peji iri: [[Chayina]], kana muchida zvimwe zvirevo tarisai: [[China (tsauranisa chirevo)]]</small>*

**China** (nge. *Thursday*) izuva repavhiki rinotevera chitatu richiteverwa nemusi wechishanu.

## Mitauro ye Chibantu

* MaZulu vanoti **ulwesine** (n. Thursday - lit. the fourth day of the week) vachireva musi wechina.
* VaWabo vanoti **cittaattu** kana **macittaattu** (n. Wednesday) vachireva chitatu.
Shanu

**Shanu** (zvishanu) inhamba inotevera ina. 

*Ruwoko rumwe rune minwe mishanu.
*Tsoka imwe ine zvigunwe zvishanu.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaLomwe vanoti okhwiri **thanu** kureva shanu.
*Vatauri veKizigua vanoti **shano, hashano, kashano, mashano, mishano, vishano, washano)** (n. five).
*VaDigo vanoti **Siku ya nne ya tsano** (on the fourth or fifth day) kureva **zuva rechina nerechishanu**.
Tanhatu

**Tanhatu** (nhanhatu) inhamba inotevera shanu iyo yoteverwa nenomwe.

## Tsika

*Mwari vakasika denga nenyika nezvose zvirimo mumazuva matanhatu, zuva rechinomwe vakaritara rive sabata rokuzorora.

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*VaGulu neVaZigula vanoti **mtandatu** (n. six) vachireva tanhatu.
*Herero inoti **ta** kana **tu** (to have the same size, length, rise to the same height). Sokuti **oviti vi ta pamue** - the sticks are equal length. 
*Gurma vanoti táá (1. of the same origin; 2. to be equal, to resemble). 
*Nawdm inoti taa (counterpart, with us, ours).
*Umbundu inoti epandu (n. six). Fananidzai nokuti **kupanduka** (branch out, separate).
Nomwe

Nomwe kana kuti Chinomwe inhamba inotevera nhanhatu iyo yoteverwa nesere.

## Tsika

*Vhiki rimwe rina mazuva manomwe.
*Musi weChinomwe kana mugovera ndiro zuva reSabata yaMwari.

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Nyungwe inoti nomwe (n. seven) kureva nomwe. Izon inoti sọ́nọmà (n. seven) kureva nomwe.
*Lingala inoti sambo (seven) kureva nomwe. VaGulu inoti mfungati (seven) kureva nomwe.
*IsiZulu inoti isikhombisa (n. Seven). Mamwe mazwi: isikhombisa (Index-finger, forefinger; pointer, indicator). Fananidza nokuti chikombedzi?
Sere

**Sere** inhamba inotevera nomwe iyo ichiteverwa napfumbamwe. Sere chaunga chapiri (2) naina (4).

*Mazana Masere (eight hundred, 800).

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Nyungwe inoti **sere** (n. eight) kureva sere. Portuguese inoti sete (n. seven) kureva sere.
*VaTsonga vanoti **nhungu** (n. eight) kureva sere. Mandinka inoti seyi (n. eight) kureva sere.
*Bunoge inoti sé:léwⁿ (eight) kureva sere. Mamwe mazwi: sè:léⁿ-sè:léⁿ (eight at a time) kureva sere sere.
Pfumbamwe

**Pfumbamwe** (Nine) inhamba inotevera sere, iyo ichizoteverwa nagumi. Pfumbamwe ndiyo nhamba yeminwe inosara kana munhu apfumba munwe mumwe kubva paminwe gumi yezvanza zviviri. 

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Mururimi rweNyungwe vanoti **pfemba** (n. nine).
*VaGungu neVaBwisi vanoti **mwenda** (nine), kureva pfumbamwe.
*VaGulu vanoti **kenda** (n. nine) kureva pfumbamwe. Lela vanoti dóorè (num. nine, 9).
Gumi

**Gumi** inhamba inoenderana nehuwandu hweminwe iri pamaoko ari maviri emunhu. Mhamba iyi inotevera pfumbamwe. 

Kare pakuverenga mari mashereni gumi ainzi mbofana kana kuti chumi.

## Tsika

*Mamwe maKristu vanobisa chegumi kuKereke dzavo pane mari yose vanenge vatambira kana goho ravanenge vakohwa kuminda.

## Mitauto yeBantu

*VaDigo vanoti **mrongo** (ten) kureva gumi.
*VaKwanyama vanoti **omulongo** (ten) kureva gumi.
*Sangho vanoti **bale** (group of ten) kureva boka regumi.
Gumi neimwe

**Gumi neimwe** inhamba inotevera gumi.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaWanga vanoti **ikhumi na ndala** (n. eleven) kureva gumi neimwe.
*VaBukusu vanoti **Liikhumi naa ndala** (n. Eleven) kureva gumi nerimwe
*VaWanga neVaBukusu vanoti **ndala** (one - the form used in counting). Sokuti **abomunzu ndala** (children of one woman).
Zana

**Zana** (hundred) kureva gumi remakumi kana kuti makumi gumi.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaZigula vanoti **gana** kana **magana** (hundred) kureva zana.
*VaKikuyu vanoti **magana matano** (five hundred) kureva mazana mashanu.
*VaBemba neBaila vanoti **mwanda** (hundred) kureva zana.
*VaKagulu vanoti **chidore, kidore** kana **gana** (n. hundred) kureva zana.
*Chiaushi vanoti **umwanda** (n. hundred) kureva zana
Matuzvi

**Matuzvi muchivanhu anoreva kurasa chikafu(food) yaunenge wadya nekumashure.Matuvhi anobuda nemumwe mukova unowanikwa pakati pemagadziko emunhu. Anogona kubuda zvinyoro nyoro kana kuita zvekunmanikidzira zvichienderana nechikafu chawadza.Matuzvi anonhuwa zvakanyanya zvekuti hakuna anobvuma juti ndiye ariita,asi kunyangwe achinhuwa zvavo  vashoma vanosimuka vasina kuritarisa.Kuridziro ndeyekuti kana wapedza kumama ngatipisikei!

Matuzvi anozivikanwa nerimwe zita rekuti dhodhi,tsvina kana kuti manyowa. Pane mhando nedzakawanda dzematuzvi! Dzishoma dzandakupai ndedzinotevera:

1 Manyoka- Matuzvi anenge achierera kunge mvura.haanetse kuita  asi anowanzoitwa nemunhu arikurwara nemudumbu.Manyoka anogona kuva chirwere chinoita kuti ufe uye anowanzokonzereswa nekushaya utsanana.

2 Godzva - Iri idhodhi rakasviba hombe zvekuti wakariona neariita hazvienderane.rinorwadza pakuriita.

3 Mushimba- Idhodhi rinoitwa rakabatana zvekuti nekumira nekukura kwarinenge rakaita, kamwana kanogona  kutodonha kakaritsika.

4 Murwi - iyi imhando yemadhodhi anoita akawanda achimonerera.anenge akaita kachikomo zvekuti nyamututa anonetseka kuti ariumbe.Murwi unanzoitwa nemunhu anodyisa uye achishanda zvakanyanya.

5 Mherevera- iri idhodhi rinenge riri doko doko asi rinoitwa munhu anetseka kazvinji rinenge richinhuwa zvekuti haumbobvuma kuti ndiro.

6 Mukonde- Iyi itsvina inowanzoitwa nemurume uye inotsvetera nemagaro zvekuti wakasapisika unenge unemadhodhi kumashure kwese uku. Chinoumba mukonde chete isadza,hakuna chimwe chikafu chinoumba ,ukonde wedhodhi.**
Zviperengo zvehuwandu

**Zviperengo Zvehuwandu**: izwi zviperengo zvinoshandiswa kumirira huwandu muzvinyogwa.

**Ngatitangei nezviperengo zvehuwandu:

0 = ''chipasina'' (iri ishoko idzva rinoreva chiperengo 0)

1 = [[motsi]] (imwe)

2 = [[piri]] (mbiri)

3 = [[tatu]] (nhatu)

4 = [[china]] (zvina)

5 = [[shanu]] (zvishanu)

6 = [[tanhatu]] (nhanhatu)

7 = [[nomwe]]

8 = [[sere]]

9 = [[pfumbamwe]]

10= [[gumi]]

100 = [[zana]], iri riri ''gumi raka gumirana''

1,000 = [[chiuru]], ichi chiri ''gumi ramazana''

10,000 = [[Zviuru gumi]] kana kuti ''mazazanana'' awa ari ''mazana akazanirana'' 

100,000= [[Zviuru zana]] kana kuti zviuru zana kana kuti ''zana rezviuru'' (zvuru zana)

1,000,000 = ''miriyoni'' kana kuti ''churuzvuru'' zvichireva ''chiuru chezviuru''


**Muenzaniso**: 

347 = mazana matatu anemakumi mana nenomwe<br />


431,257,698 = Mazana mana ane makumi matatu nechimwe echuru chezviuru, zvine mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu anezvinomwe zvezviuru, zvine mazana matanhatu ane makumi mapfumbabwe nesere. Mamiriyoni mazana mana ane makumi matatu neimwe, zviuru mazana maviri ane makumi mashanu nenomwe, mazana matanhatu ane makumi mapfumbamwe nesere.


==Kurerutsa Mutauro==
**(Pfungwa neyambiro zvakanyogwa pano zvaida kunyogwa kuHurukuro nokuti zvinoda vamwe tese tinyorewo pfugwa nemazano zveduwo. Pfungwa dzevanyori nemazano avanopanana hazvifaniri kunge zviri mukati megwaro rino nokuti hazvisi mumusoro wenyaya yegwaro rino. Gwaro rino rinofanira kunyogwa pamusoro peZviperengo Zvohuwandu chete chete kwete mazano nekupana pfungwa kwevanyori.)**

Zvakafanira kuti pave nokupfupisa manyorerwo enhamba kuti usava murabaraba wemashoko. Imwe yenzira  ingatevedzwa kubvisa mashoko anotaura pahuzhinji sokuti nokubatanidza mashoko ari kutaura nhamba imwe. Sokuti panzvimbo pokuti ''makumi matatu'' poshandurwa kuti **guminhatu**; panoti ''mazana maviri'' pomira pakati **zanambiri*'. Hongu zvinoita sokunge zvabuda pamatauriro emazuvaose asi zvinobatsira kupfupisa. 


Cherechedzai zvakare kuti ana [[koma]] vanotsvetwa mushure menzvimbo nhatu dzega-dzega zvichibva ku[[rudyi]] kuti nhamba ireruke kuverenga. Pakati pe[[zvibodzi]] nezvikamu panotsvetwa [[poyindi]]. Pakunyora zvakara panotsvetwa koma anotaridza kuti pave kutaurwa nhamba dziri pakati pakoma. Ngatitarisei muenzaniso 431,257,698 nokunyora kwemazuvaose, kunyora kunopfupisa, manyorero ku[[English]]  sezvizvi:


*Miriyoni mazana mana ane makumi matatu neimwe, zviuru mazana maviri ane makumi mashanu nenomwe, mazana matanhatu ane makumi mapfumbamwe nesere

*Miriyoni zanaina guminhatu neimwe, zviuru zanambiri gumishanu nenomwe, zana nhanhatu gumipfumbamwe nesere.

== Chiperengo chinomirira pasina zvinhu (0) ==

Chiperengo ichi, 0, chinomirira kusavapo kwechinhu.

Chi Vanhu changa shisina shoko rinoreva chiperengo 0.

*Chipasina* kana kuti *chishaiwe/shaikwe'' mashoko anga shandiswe here?
Huwandu

Huwandu kuverengwa kwezvinhu kuti zviripo zvingani kana kuti zvine mwero wekukura wakadini.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaYao vanoti **kuwanda** (to be common or general) vachireva kuwanda. VaZigula vanoti **ukomo** (n. quantity, capacity).
*MaZulu vanoti **anda** (Increase, multiply; spread) vachireva kuwanda. Mamwe mazwi: **anda** (Breed, increase by births). 
*MaZulu vanoti **Anda** (Be common). Muenzaniso: **iyoli elandileyo** (the common datura plant). Chopi vanoti **kuanda** (v. increase in number) kureva kuwanda.
*VaGiryama vanoti **ki-ezo** (quantity). VaGiryama vanoti **unji** (large quantity). VaGiryama vanoti **uchache** (small quantity).
*VaKongo vanoti **jingi** (variety, many). Apa **j** anodudza sezvinoitwa **z** pazwi reEnglish rokuti **azure**.
Mhumburu

*Mhumburu apa kureva tambo inorukwa nemhande ina.

*Mhumburu apa kureva chinhu chizere chisina kudimburwa kana kuwedzerwa. Sokuti shato inokwanisa kumedza mhembwe mhumburu.

*Mhumburu apa kureva nhamba dzizere dzisina musarirwa kana dimbu - sokuti 1, 2, 3, 4, 5...... zvichingodaro.

*Mhumburu (1. Naked person, ) apa zvichireva munhu asina kupfeka.

*Mhumburu (Exposed object) one generally kept in box or receptacle).
Tsvimborume

**Tsvimborume** kana svimborume : izwi rinoreva murume anenge asina mukadzi 

*Pfunda (bachelor) kureva murume ave zera rokuroora asi asati aroora.
*Tsvimborume hora (old bachelor; senior bachelor) kureva murume akura zvakanyanya asati aroora.

## Tsumo

*Pfunda chenga urarami, hama dzife ugogara nhaka. A bachelor should seek a long life; when relatives die he will inherit (a wife).
*Madanha etsvimborume, kudya yawarira. It is a bachelor's longing to eat after preparing his sleeping place. 
*Mwoyochena wei, tsvimborume kubvisa mwana wemvana madzihwa?
*Tsvimborume kutenga duri kuona mashoko kunaka. A bachelor is buying a mortar (because) he is doing well in his love affairs. 
*Inhamo zvayo, tsvimborume kuveza duri seine mukadzi. 
*Tsvimborume haina mugoni inotuka waipa masese. 
*Tsvimborume kutandara nemvana mwoyo uri kumhandara. 

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaLenje vanoti **mushike** (Widow; widower) kureva munhu akafirwa nemukadzi kana murume wake.
*BaKalanga vanoti buhwola (position of seniority; adulthood) vachireva husharukwa hwemunhu.
*BaKalanga vanoti hola (elder, grown-up, senior) vachireva munhu musharukwa.
Mukurungai

**Mukurungai**: zvinoreva mumwe wevabereki vemuroora wako, kana kuti vabereki wemukuwasha wako.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*MaZulu vanoti **umkhozi**, **umlingani** kana **abalingani** (term of relationship between parents-in-law) kureva vakurungai.
*AmaZulu vanoti **umlingane** kana **abalingane** (term of relationship between a man's parents and those of his wife) kureva vakurungai.
*MaZulu vanoti **usebele** kana **abasebele** (Fellow parent-in-law (term used between bride's parents and bridegroom's parents) kureva vakurungai.
*Mururimi rweLingala vanoti **ngai** (adj. me, mine). Sokuti **komela ngai** - write to me - ndinyorere.
Matongerwo eNyika

Matongerwo enyika mubatanidzwa wezvidzidzo zvinoenderana nekuti nyika yofambiswa sei mberi, budiriro yenyika uye ongororo yezvinoitwa nehurumende dzepasi rese.

Shoko reEnglish rokuti **politics** rinotodzana neGreek yekuti **politikos** rinodudzirwa richinzi **pertaining to public affairs, of the citizens, pertaining to the state and its administration**. Zvakare kune izwi rekuti **polis** rinoreva **city**, guta. Rimwe izwi rokuti **polity** rinodudzirwa kunzi, **particular form or system of government**.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Guta (city, a very large village, polis) zvichireva dhorobha.
*Chita (confratenity, congregation, association, assembly, polity) zvichireva boka revanhu, sokuti chita chevarimi.
*Gute (Act of surrounding, encircling) apa kureva kukuta kana kukomberedza. Vanhu vainge vakaita gute vachionekana naye: the people crowded round him to say farewell.
*Kukutwa (to be surrounded) zvichireva kukomberedzwa.
*Kukutuza (1. Acquire more than is one's share by cheating, 2. Defraud). 
*Gutuza izita rinowanikwa muZimbabwe.
*Politicking (1. Activity directed towards acquiring power and influence, achieving one's own goals, etc; 2. political activity, esp seeking votes).

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaDigo vanoti **siasa** (politics) vachireva matongerwo enyika.
*Luganda vanoti eby’obufuzi (n. Politics) kureva matongerwo enyika. Munna by’obufuzi (n. Politics).
SAT

**SAT** (*South African AIDS Trust*) isangano remudunhu mu*Africa* rakazvimirira rinopa rubatsiro kuti nharaunda dzikwanise kurwanisa nechirwere cheHIV neAIDS, richiita izvi kubudikidza nokuvaka hukama nokubata pamwe nezvikwata zvemunharaunda mu*Southern Africa*.
Dhumbudya

**Dhumbudya**: aya zvipembenene zvinodyiwa uye zvakafanana nemhashu asi zvakatitsongei zviri zwidiki uyewo zviine muviri uneruvara rwakafanana nemashizha emiti. Zvinonyanya kuonekwa munguva yokunaya kwemvura. Madhumbudya anobhururukawo semhashu. Madhumbudya, kana abikwa, ane mafuta akawanda kudarika mhashu.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Vamwe vatauri veShona vanoti **tsunu** kana tsumwarumwa kureva dhumbudya.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Vatauri veSwahili kuKatanga DRC vanoti **tsenene** kureva dhumbudya.
*VaVenda vanoti **nzie** kureva dhumbudya.
*VechiNdebele vanoti swabanda kureva dhumbudya
Chamhembe

**Chamhembe** (Chingezi: *south*) **Kuzasi** kana **Zasi** kwenyika kudivi riri kwakapesana nokumaodzanyemba, uye kunenge kuri kurudyi kana munhu akatarisa kumabvazuva. 

*Afurika Chamhembe inodanwa kunzi Mzansi.

### Mamwe mashandisirwo
*Chichamhembe kureva *southern*.
*Chamhembechemadokero - *southwest*
*Chamhembechemabvazuva - *southeast* 
*Chichachembechemadokero - ***southern'''west''
*[[Chichamhembechemabvazuva]] - ***southern**east''

==Mitauro ye Afrika==

*[[VaVenda]] vanoti **tshipembe** (n. South) kureva [[chamhembe]]. Mamwe mazwi: **Afurika Tshipembe** kureva [[South Africa]].
*[[VaTonga]] vanoti **kumusanza** kureva ku[[chamhembe]]. [[Lugwere]] vanoti **mpembi** (n. tip; end point of something).
*[[VaWanga]] vanoti **emulambo** (n. south) vachireva ku[[chamhembe]]. [[Xilenge]] vanoti **vulambwi** (n. south).
*[[Xilenge]] vanoti **vulenge** (n. north). [[Xilenge]] vanoti **vutonga** (n. east). Mamwe mazwi: **vupemba''' (n. west).
Maodzanyemba

**Maodzanyemba** (Chingezi: *north*): Iri idivi rekurudyi kwemunhu kana akatarisa kunovirira zuva (kumavirazuva kana kuti kumadokero). Ku maodzanyemba kwakapesana nokuchamhembe.

### Mamwe mashandisirwo

* Maonderanyemba - *northern*
* Maodzanyembaemadokero - *northwest*
* Maodzeranyembaemadokero - ***northern'''west''
* [[Maodzanyembaemabvazuva]] - ''northeast''
* [[Maodzeranyembaemabvazuva]] - ***northern**east''

=== Mamwe Mazwi ===
Vatauri ve[[Chindau]] vanoti [[dera_(divi)|dera]] kutaura [[maodzanyemba]]. Iri izwi riri nani takatarisa nhau yekuti ma[[Duramazwi]] akare ane makakatanwa pakududzira kuti [[maodzanyemba]] idivi re**north** kana re**south**.

*Ndakabva [[dera_(divi)|dera]]: I came from the north. Izwi rokuti [[dera_(divi)|dera]] richishandiswa kureva ku[[maodzanyemba]] rinobva kumutauro we[[Chindau]].
*Moses akanga ari [[padera]] pegomo paakapiwa mirairo gumi na[[Mwari]].

==Mitauro ye Chibantu==

*[[VaChewa]] vanoti **mpoto** (north). [[Xilenge]] vanoti **vulenge** (n. north).
*[[VaTonga]] vanoti **kunyika** (n. north) vachireva ku[[maodzanyemba]]. [[VaZigula]] vanoti **chibura** (in the north).
*[[Xilenge]] vanoti **vulenge** (n. north). Mamwe mazwi: **vulambwi** (n. south).
*[[Xilenge]] vanoti **vutonga** (n. east). Mamwe mazwi: **vupemba''' (n. west).
Dzimudzangara

*'Dzimudzangara* chinhu chinofungidzirwa kuti aimbova munhu akashaya asi adzoka (ghost). kazhinji munhu uyu anofungirwa kuti akauraiwa kana kuroyiwa.
Nhetembo dzemadzinza

Detembo mazwi akanyorwa kana anotaurwa anobudisa dingindira ranyanduri, achishandisa mutauro wakapfuma unosanganisa, tsumo, madimikira, mizvambarara, minzvengure nezvimwewo. Mutupo umwe noumwe une detembo rawo.

* Ngwenya Chipfeke
* Bonga Chihwa
* Dziva Sambiri Ganda
* Gumbo Madyirapazhe
* Gwai
* Mhara-Mbuya Chikonamombe
* Moyo Nyajena
* Moyo Dhehwa
* Nzou - Samanyanga
* Samaita Mutasa
* Shava Museyamwa
* Shoko - Mhizha
* Shoko - Mukanya
* Shoko - Vhudzijena
*Shumba Gwara
* Shumba Nyamuzihwa
* Shumba -Mhazi
*Shumba - Murambwi
*Musoni - Mushavi

## Mitauro yeBantu

*MaZulu vanoti **thakaza** (Speak praisingly, show kindness). Mamwe mazwi: **Isithakazelo** (n. tribal praise name or salutation). **Isithakazo** (Title, surname, cognomen; name of distinction).
Bonga Chihwa

Chihwa chebonga,

Mutupo watakagurirana,

**Mwati kaha ngekuone tsimba,**

Kuona mumhu todedera,

Mwaita Ngonyama,

Chiramba kudya uswa,

Kuona zuva musi wainodya,

Kuvhima pamwe sedanga,

Mhumhi chidyandimire,

Vanodya ichafamba,

Chawa pasi chaora,

Mwaita vaera imbwa,

Vavhimi venjere,

.
Vanoridza ngoma ikataura,

Ngemidzonga yenyama,

Zvaitwa vaGarwe

Kupepeta vatorwa,

Nerurimi chibhende,

Veukama vanonzwa,

Chichengeta varanda,

Haiwa chihwa,

Vanodya zveziya,

Vemawara machena,

Anonga dehwe rehosi,

Rinofukwa musi webira,

Zvaitwa Chihwa!

***Nechiturike***
Dziva Sambiri Ganda

*Maita Dziva Ganda Sambiri*
Maita Dziva, Ganda sambiri, mbonyeya
Munaiyisi  vemvura,
Sambiri
Dambiro revasikana
VeGanda gobvu,
Vari KwaSave.Vanogara mumvura.Panzr idambiro kumafuro.
Chirombo chinobvundura mvura,vanogara mumvura vano vhura muromo kaviri. Weganda gobvu.Manjenjenje.Maita Save.

Musaigwa, mucheka uzere mavi, dambiro revasikana, gurajena. Mutsika panotinhira.Mutambira pajecha, hunga, dedza, shure kunemidzi
Duramazwi

**[[Duramahwi]]** *(ChiKaranga)* kana kuti **[[duramazwi]]** *(ChiZezuru)*: Chinyogwa chinounganidza mahwi kana kuti mazwi ese emutauro weChiShona chigodudzira zvese zvinoreva ihwi/inzvi rimwe nerimwe, chichibetsera avo vanosangana nemahwi avasingazivi zvaanoreva kana manyorego awo kuti vadziidze izvi.
Moyo Dhehwa

Maita moyo

Maita Sahai

Dhehwa
Bvumavaranda
Vakadzi vanouya vega
Vachirumwa nenda vachifa

Moyondizvo_vokwarupwazhu rupwetete

Rwunodzura imba ikakwana
Shava Museyamwa

*Maita [[Shava]] [[Museyamwa]]*
Maita Shava,
Mhofu yomukono, Ziwerera 
Hekani Mutekedza
Vakatekedzana paJanga 
Vakapiwa vakadzi munyika yavaNjanja
Nyashanu

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Zigula inoti **kuteketeza** (destroy utterly). Sokuti: **Wateketeza isi yetu** (They utterly destroyed our country).
*VaZigula vanoti **kuteketezana** (to destroy each other utterly) vachireva kuparadzana.
*Nyanja inoti teka (v divide, assort, shake apart). Dinka inoti tek (v. Divide, distribute).
Mumhu

Muchidzidzo chemasvomhu, mumhu (*Volume*) - izwi rinoreva kukura kwakaita nzvimbo. Mumhu unosamhurwa pakuunga hwasha, hurefu, nehudzamu. Mukutaura kwemazuva ose izwi iri rinoreva kukura kwakaita munhu, mhuka kana chinhu. Mumhu ndiro shoko raonekwa riri pedyo kutsanangudza inonzi *volume* *kuEnglish*.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaLozi vanoti **mutama** (n. capacity of a container).
*Eton vanoti e-neni (n. volume, corpulence. Derived from **nen** meaning be fat).
Gonyozhinji

Muchidzidzo chePimanyika, **gonyozhinji** (*polygon* kuChirungu) chiumbwa chine mativi mazhinji; kubvira pamatatu zvichikwira. Mitsetse inobatana pamikwava inenge yakati twasa.

## Kupihwa kwezita
KuChirungu izwi rokuti "polygon" rinoreva chiumbwa chine mativi mazhinji uye gonyo zhinji. Shoko rinoti **poly** rinoreva **many** - kuwanda. Shoko rinoti "gon" rinobva pashoko rekuti **gonia** (Latin) rinoreva **bend** kana kuti **ankle**. Isu kuChiShona tichapa zita rokuti gonyozhinji kududzira shoko rokuti **polygon**. Zvichinge zvamira nenzira iyoyi hazvichanetsi kupa mazita eShona kuzviumbwa; tinenge toverenga kuti chiumbwa chine gonyo (mikwava) ngani kana kuti mativi mangani.

* Triangle ine mativi matatu inenge yonzi gonyonhatu.
* Quadrilateral ine mativi mana inenge yonzi gonyoina.
* Pentagon ine mativi mashanu inenge yonzi gonyoshanu.
* Decagon ine mativi gumi inenge yonzi gonyogumi, zvichingodaro.

Tichiri ipapo zvakafanira kuti tionesane kuti gonyozhinji rega-rega rakaumbwa riine mativi anoverengwa kuenzana nemagonyo ari mukati mechiumbwa ichocho.

## Magonyo egonyozhinji
gonyozhinji rega-rega rine mativi anoverengwa kuenzana nemikwava yarinaro. Mukwava wega-wega une magonyo ane chitsama. Magonyo anonyanya kuwongororwa ndeaya:

**Magonyo emukati** – Magonyo emukati egonyozhinji ine mativi n (n-gonyo) anohwerengedzwa kusvika (n − 2)180o. gonyozhinji ine mativi *n* inokwanisa kutariswa sokunge yakavakwa negonyonhatu *n* dzinosangana paGoko regonyozhinji. gonyo inotenderera pagoko yakakura 360o, kana kuti 180(2). Tikabvisa kukura kwegonyo riri pagoko kubva pakukura kwemagonyo ari mugonyonhatu dziripo "n", tinowana (n − 2)180o kukura kwemagonyo emukati, megonyozhinji. Poinsot ndiye akatanga kutsvakurudza nekunyora pamusoro pemagonyo emukati egonyozhinji.

**Makonyo ekunze** - aya magonyo anohwerengedzwa kuita 360k, apa *k* anenge ari nhamba yakazvikwanira (interger).

## Mipanda yeGonyozhinji

Kune gonyozhinji rinenge rine mativi akaenzana uye mikwava yakaenzana; irori rine kuchenzana kwemativi nemagonyo ndiro rinonzi gonyozhiji remachenzano - **(regular polygon)**. Kunoitawo gonyozhinji rine mativi kana magonyo asina kuenzana; irori risina kuchenzana kwemativi nemagonyo ndiro rinonzi gonyozhinji risakachenzana - **irregular polygon**.
Dumba

*Dumba (Sheave of Grain)
*Dumba (Birth Room)
*Dumba (Dilapidated House; shack)
*-dumba (to ponder)
*Dumba (Drum)
*Dumba sezita (n. A family name).

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Vakamuona achikuretu, asati akwedzera kwavari, vakaita **dumba** ndiye rokumuuraya: And when they saw him afar off, even before he came near unto them, they **conspired** against him to slay him (*Genesis 37:18* Bhaibheri reChiNdau)
Gonyonhatu

Muchidzidzo chePimanyika, gonyonhatu chiumbwa chine mativi matatu nemagonyo matatu. gonyonhatu chiumbwa chiri pamupanda wegonyozhinji. gonyonhatu rine mikwava A, B, C rinonyorwa sezvizvi, ΔABC. 

## Mhando dzegonyonhatu

Muchikamu chino tichataura pamusoro pemarudzi egonyonhatu; mhando dzegonyonhatu dzinotumidzwa mazita zvichienderana nekupimwa kwemativi uye magonyo ari pakati paro. 

*Kune gonyonhatu tsazakose (equilateral triangle) - iri rine mativi ose akaenza uye gonyo nhatu dzose dzakaenzana. 
*Kune gonyonhatu mutseyekwa (scalene triangle) - iri rine mativi ose ane nhambwe dzakasiyana uye gonyo nhatu dzose dzakasiyana. Hazvinei gonyonhatu mutseyekwa agara nedivi ripi anotaridzika seanorerekera (kana kuwandira) kune rimwe divi nguva dzose. 
*Kune gonyonhatu tsazamaviri (isosceles triangle) - iri rine mativi maviri akaenzana, negonyo mbiri dzakaenzana. 

Kunoitawo gonyonhatu yemutwi (right-angled triangle) - iyi ine mativi maviri anosvika pamukwava une gonyo re 90o.

## Nharaunda yegonyonhatu

Nharaunda yegonyonhatu runonyorwa netsazaniso inoti:

**Nharaunda = 1/2(b.h)** 

Patsazaniso iri, *b*, anomirira hwaro hwegonyonhatu; *h* achimirira hudzamu. Panotsvakwa nharaunda, tinogona kusarudza divi ripi zvaro kuti rive hwaro. Kana tadaro, hudzamu hunenge hwave nhambwe yemutwi unobva pagonyo rakatarisana nehwaro uchinobata pahwaro hwegonyonhatu.

## Rheshiyo dzePimagonyonhatu

Ichi chidzidzo chononzi *trigonometric ratio* ku*English*. Chidzidzo chino chinotaura pamusoro pehukama huripo pakati penhambwe dziri pamativi nemagonyo egonyonhatu. Chikamu ichi tinoshanda negonyonhatu yemutwi tichidzidza nezve rheshiyo dzinoti tangent, sine uye cosine. Rheshiyo idzi dzinoshandiswa kuti tizive mativi uye magonyo ane hukuru hunenge husinga zivikanwe.

Kuti tipinde muchidzidzo cheRheshiyo dzePimagonyonhatu tinotanga tadudza mazita anopiwa kumativi egonyonhatu. Mativi matatu anopiwa mazita zvichibva pakuti tiri kushanda negonyo ripi regonyonhatu. 

* *Divi rakabatana negonyo ratiri kushanda naro rinonzi [[divi remuny'asi]] (adjacent kuEnglish), 
* *Divi rakatarisana negonyo ratiri kushanda naro rinonzi *darisanwa* (opposite kuEnglish) ; iri divi rakaita mutwi nehwaro.
* *Divi guru rine nhambwe yakareba kupfura mamwe rinonzi muzendami (hypotenuse) nokuti rinoita sokunge rakazendamiswa rakatsigirwa kuhwaro nedarisanwa.


[[Sine]] yegonyo iRheshiyo yenhambwe dze[[darisanwa]] ne[[muzendami]]. Sine ine tsazaniso inoti:

*'Sine = *darisanwa/muzendami***

[[Cosine]] yegonyo iRheshiyo yenhambwe dze[[divi remuny'asi]] ne[[muzendami]]. Cosine ine tsazaniso inoti:

**Cosine = *divi remuny'asi/muzendami***

[[Tangent]] yegonyo iRheshiyo yenhambwe dze[[darisanwa]] ne[[divi remuny'asi]]. Tangent ine tsazaniso inoti:

**Tangent = *darisanwa/divi remuny'asi*'

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Nsenga vanoti **paka** (v. be adjacent; adjoin) kureva kupakana. Fananidzai nokuti mupaka.
*Luwanga vanoti **mulwalo** (adv. underneath; below; mulwalo we imesa 'under the table').
*Lubwisi vanoti busaghikilo (n. Basis).
Gonyoina sambamba

Muchidzidzo chePimanyika, gonyoina sambamba (parallelogram) chiumbwa chine mativi mana - mativi maviri akati sambamba anenge akaenzana - uye gonyo mbiri dzakatarisana dzinenge dzakaenzana. Zvimwe zvinoonekwa ndezvekuti guramakonyo mbiri dzinochekana kuita zvikamu zviviri zvine nhambwe dzakaenzana.

## Mhando dzegonyoina Sambamba

Zviumbwa zviri pamupanda *wegonyoina sambamba* zvinosanganisira: tsazano; gonyoina tsazamativi uye gonyoina tsazamakonyo.

Skweya (Square) iri shoko rinoreva chiumbwa chine mativi mana ose akaenzana negonyo ina dzose dzakaenzana. Skweya iri pamupanda wegonyoina.

gonyoina tsazamativi (Rhombus) - iri izwi rinoreva gonyoina rine mativi akaenzana nhambwe. gonyo dzakatarisana dzemukati dzinenge dzakaenzana zvakare. Chiumbwa ichi chine madanhamakonyo maviri anochekana negonyo re 90o. Skweya iri pamupanda wegonyoina tsazamativi zvakare.

gonyoina tsazamakonyo (Rectangle) - iri izwi rapiwa kureva chiumbwa chine makonyo mana ose akaenzana; gonyo rimwe nerimwe riine 90o. Mativi maviri akatarisana anenge akaenzana uye akati sambamba. Skweya rinogona kupinda pamupanda wechiumbwa ichi asi kazhinji tinosarudza kuti skweya rimire roga.
Skweya

Muchidzidzo chePimanyika (geometry), skweya (square) chiumbwa chine mativi mana ose akaenzana negonya ina dzose dzakaenzana. Skweya riri mumupanda wegonyaina.

## Pimamuganhu neNharaunda

Pimamuganhu yeskweya rine mativi akareba nhambwe **K** inowanikwa netsazaniso inoti: 

**Pimamuganhu, P = 4.K**,

uye Nharaunda yeSkweya inowanikwa netsazaniso inoti:

**Nharaunda, A = K<sup>2</sup>**

## Zvifaniro zveSkweya

Skweya iri mumupanda wegonyaina tsazamativi neruramamakonyo, saka zvinoreva kuti ine zvose zvifaniro (properties) zviumbwa zviviri izvi; sokuti:

* Guramakonya mbiri dzinochekana negonya re 90o uye dzinochekana kuita zvikamu zviviri zvakaenzana.
* Guramakonya dzeSkweya dzinocheka makonya muzvikamu zviviri zvakaenzana.
* Mativi akatarisana eSkweya akaenzana uye akati sambamba.
* Guramakonya mbiri dzeSkweya dzakaenzana
* Makonya ose ari mana eSkweya akaenza ari 90o
Gonyoina tsazamativi

Muchidzidzo chePimanyika, gonyoina tsazamativi (Rhombus) chiumbwa chine mativi mana ose akaenzana. gonyo dzemukati dzakatarisana dzinenge dzakaenzana zvakare. Chiumbwa ichi chine madanhamakonyo maviri anochekana negonyo re 90o. Skweya iri pamupanda wegonyoina tsazamativi. Zita rokuti tsazamativi rinotsangangurwa kuchinyorwa chinonzi pimanzvimbo. Chivakamberi chokuti tsaza- chinobva kushoko rechiManyika rokuti **tsazana** rinoreva kuenzana.

## Zvifaniro zvegonyoina tsazamativi

Gonyoina tsazamativi rega-rega rine maguramakonyo mbiri anobatanidza mikwava *(vertices)* miviri yakatarisana, uye mativi maviri akati sambamba. Kuchishandiswa gonyonhatu dzine chidzudzani pane umbowo hwokuti gonyoina tsazamativi rine kupimirana kunotevedza madanhamakonyo maviri ari mariri. Chiumbwa ichi chine faniro *(properties)* dzinotevera:

* Gonyo mbiri dzakatarisana dzakaenzana
* Guramakonyo mbiri anochekana negonyo re 90o; akaita mutwi.
* Guramakonyo maviri anochekana kuita zvikamu zviviri zvakaenzana.

Faniro yekutanga inotiudza kuti gonyoina tsazamativi riri pamupanda wegonyoina sambamba 

## Nharaunda yegonyoina tsazamativi

Nharaunda yechiumbwa ichi runowanikwa netsazaniso inoti:

**Nharaunda, A  =  1/2.b.h**

Apa *b* anomirira nhambwe yehwaro; *h* achimirira nhambwe yehudzamu. Tinotora hwaro sedivi ripi zvaro; hudzamu hunozotorwa senhambwe yemutwi unobatanidza mativi maviri asina kutevedzana.

Imwe nzira inokwaniswa kushanda ndeyekuti tinopangidzwa mikwava yegonyoina iri nemavara ABCD; nharaunda tinenge toiwana netsazaniso inoti:

**Nharaunda, A  = (AC.BD)/2**

Apa *AC* na*BD* dzinenge dziri nhambwe dzemaguramakonyo maviri.
Gonyoina sambambiri

Muchidzidzo chePimanyika, gonyoina sambambiri (trapezium, trapezoid) chiumbwa chine mativi mana; zvakare chine mativi maviri akati sambamba.
Gonyonhatu tsazakose

Muchidzidzo chePimanyika, gonyonhatu tsazakose (equilateral triangle) igonyonhatu rine mativi ose akaenza uye gonyo nhatu dzose dzakaenzana. Makonya ari mukati megonyonahatu tsazakose ane chidzudzani, imwe neimwe ine 60o. Chivakamberi chokuti **tsaza-** chinobva pazwi rechiManyika rokuti **tsazana** rinoreva kuenzana kana kuti *equal* kuEnglish.

## Zvifaniro zvegonyonhatu tsazakose

Kana mativi egonyonhatu tsazakose akareba nhambwe *a*, tinokwanisa kunyora tsazaniso dzinotevera kutsanangudza zvifaniro *(properties)* zvechiumbwa ichi:

**Ruvanze, A  = (3)<sup>(1/2)</sup>.a<sup>2</sup>/2**

**Pimamuganhu, P  = 3a**

**Hudzamu, h  = (3)<sup>(1/2)</sup>.a**
Poyindi

Muchidzidzo chePimanyika, poyindi kana shanga (point) izita rinoreva kanzvimbo katokotoko, katopoka, kasina hwasha, herufu, kana hudzamu. Takatsimbidzira penzura papepa tingaedzesera kucherechedza poyindi; asi kana nepo doo rinoitwa nemurumo wepenzura rine nhambwe - poyindi haina nhambwe.

*Munzi (a pointed sharp object)
*Kuva nomunzi (to be sharp pointed).
*Kanzvi (tip of tongue or spear) apa kureva munzi werurimi kana pfumo.

Kune nzvimbo inonzi Kunzvi kwakanga kuine hurongwa hwekuvaka dhamu.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Kutesva, kutesvera kana kuva nemutesverwa (to sharpen, to put a point, to be pointed). 
*Muromo wepfumo wakatesveka.
*Kuparira (to sharpen a stick) apa kureva kurodza chimuti. Kuti izwi iri rinotodzana nerinoti chaparira?

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaHerero vanoti **o-nyoro** kana **oka-nyoro** (tip). VaLenje vanoti **chelo** (point, tip, end, extremity) vachireva munzi.
*VaYao vanoti **lusongo** kana **lusonga** (a point, a tip; a pointed stick) vachireva poyindi kana chimuti chine munzi. 
*VaYao vanoti **kusongoka** (to be pointed) vachireva kuva nemunzi. Vanobva vati **lusongola** (the kernel a grain) kureva tsanga yezvirimwa.
*Mang'anja neVaMambwe vanoti **nsongo** (point; the apex or point of anything; the point or extremity of any instrument, as spear, arrow, knife, pen, etc) kureva munzi.
*VaYao neMang'anja vanoti **kusongola** (to sharpen a point; to point) vachireva kurodza munzi. 
*VaMambwe neVaBemba vanoti **songola** (to be pointed, sharp) vachireva kuva nemunzi kana kutesva. VaGanda vanoti **msa** (point) kureva poyindi.
Jekanyika

Muchidzidzo cheJekanyika *(Geodesy)*, nyika yakatarwa nemhando mbiri dzemitsetse. Kune mitsetse yakatarwa yakayambikana neMuenzanisi inonzi Mbariro dzeTaranyika, **(lattitude)**. Kune mitsetse yakatarwa ichibata kuNorth pole neSouth pole inonzi mitambariko yeTaranyika, **longitude**. Mitsetse iyi inoshevedzwa nenhamba dzakarongeka. Nhamba dzemitsetse yeMbariro dzeTaranyika dzinoveregwa dzichibva paMuenzanisi dzichienda kumavirira nekumadokero. Nhamba dzemitambariko yeTaranyika dzinoverengwa dzichibva pamutsetse weGreenwich Meridian zvichienda kuNorth pole neSouth pole. Greenwich Meridian mutsetse welongitude unopfuura pedyo neRoyal Observatory, Greenwich, kuUnited Kingdom. 

Naizvozvo nzvimbo dzose dziri panyika dzine nhamba inotaura kuti nzvimbo iri papi mudandemutande remitsetse iyoyi. Ruzivo urwu ndirwo rwakashandiswa muhumhizha hweGPS, Geographical Position System chinova chombo chinobatsira kutaura kuti tiri papi uye kuratidza divi (direction) rine nzvimbo yatinoda kuenda.
Nharaunda

Muzvidzidzo zveMasvomhu nePimanyika, nharaunda (1. Area, 2. Territory, district, province, 3. Environment) izwi rinoreva kukura kwakaita nzvimbo kunowanikwa nokuunga hwasha  nehurefu hwenzvimbo iyoyo.

*Nharaunda inodudza kukura kwenzvimbo ine nzenda mbiri.
*Nharaunda inogonawo kutsvakwa pazviumbwa zviri pamutsendo uye chiso chine nzenda nhatu.
*Nharawanzi

## Kupima nharaunda

Nharaunda inomimwa nezviyero zvinoti: skweya remita; skweya rekiromita; skweya refutu zvichingodaro. Kana kuchinzi skweya remita zvinoreva nharaunda yakakura kuenzana neye skweya rine mativi akareba mita rimwe. Ndizvo zvimwe neskweya rekiromita rine nharaunda yakakura kuenzana neye skweya rine mativi akareba kiromita rimwe.

## Mitauro yeAfrika

Takatarisa mazwi eSwahili ari pasi ayo tinoona **unda** zvichireva nzvimbo yakavakwa!

*Kinyarwanda inoti **intara** (region, area) kureva dunhu kana nzvimbo. Djimini inoti tara (n. land, soil, continent, countries) vachireva nyika kana ivhu.
*Luwanga inoti **litala** (village or kraal belonging to same family). Taabwa inoti mitala (n. the inhabited surroundings) inzvimbo igere vanhu - pavakavaka.
*Swahili inoti kuunda (make, construct, fit together, form; put together; to assemble), kuvaka  kana kuumbanidza. Mamwe mazwi: muundo (1. building, structure, 2. pattern , model; 3. form, shape).
*Digo inoti **unda** (to make, to create, to construct) kureva kuvaka. Swahili inoti **muunda** kana **muundi** (one who builds or constructs something usually of wood) kureva muvaki.
*Lugwere inoti **mutala** (locality, local area) idunhu kana nharaunda. Mandinka inoti dalaa (adj. near; besides) kureva pedyo kana parutivi.
Gonyo

Muzvidzidzo zvePimanyika (*Geometry*) gonyo (**an angle** or corner) izwi rinoreva kushama kwakaita mukwava uri pakati pemitsetse miviri inosangana pamukwava iwoyo. Kukura kwegonyo kunopimwa nenhamwe yekushama kwakaita mukwava uri pakati pemitsetse miviri, gonyo rinokura apo mitsetse iyi inenge iri kutaramukana. 

Gonyo kana ichipimwa inopimwa nechiyero chinonzi dhigiriyi chinova chinomirirwa nevara iri (o). Mitsetse miviri kana ichinge yabatana zvokunge yakanamana, tinoti pane gonyo  0o. 

Mitsetse kana yakaita mutwi (yakarurama) inenge ine mupimo wegonyo 90o. 

Gonyo rinopoteredza poyindi rinopimwa kuita 360o. Iri ndiro gonyo riripo kana tapoteredza denderedzwa kamwechete zvizere.

Mukutaura kwemazuva ose gonyo zvinoreva *angle or corner*.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Panosngana mitsetse miviri paninzi pamukwava kana mugwava.
*Kona inzonzi murombe, pakuwanda kwonzi mirombe.

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Shambala inoti **ku-konya** (to fold) zvichireva kupeta. Kimbundu inoti kukoteka (v. bend, shrink, arch).
*Kimbundu inoti **hota** (n. corner, angle). Fananidzai nokuti kukotama (to bend down; to bend).
*Baila vanoti **chikokola** kana **mwako** (n. angle) kureva gonyo. Kinande vanoti **erigonyoka** (v. turn) kureva kugonyoka?.
*MaZulu vanoti **iligosi** kana **amagosi** (Corner, sharp recess in a building, cave, or river) kureva **kona**.
*MaZulu vanoti **iligumbe** kana **amagumbe** (Corner of room) kureva **kona yerhumu**.
Denderende

Muchidzidzo chePimanyika, denderende (Ellipse) izita rinoreva munyonga uri pamutsendo, unoonekwa panochekwa charaka zvichitevedza mutsendo nenzira inopa munyonga wakavharwa kwese (closed curve). Izvi zvinoreva kuti mutsendo wacho unocheka nenzira yokuti chiumbwa chinosara pachekwa chine munyonga chete pasina mutsetse wakati twasa; mutsendo haucheke hwaro kana chisuvi chiri pacharaka. 

Denderende harisi denderedzwa asi rine chiumbwa chinoda kufanana nezai.
Boterekwa

Boterekwa (round-about way especially through mountains) zvinoreva nzira inopoterera ichikwira kana kudzika mugomo.
Zvinyanye

Muchidzidzo cheMasvomhu, zvinyanye (extrema) izwi rinodudzira panogumira hukuru uye huduku hwemupimo uri kutaurwa nezvawo. Sokuti mvura inowanikwa pakati pezvinyanye zve 0-100o Celsius. Zvinyanye izita rapiwa richitora pakutaura kwemazuva ose patinoti "zvanyanya, zvanyanyisa kana kuti zvakanyanya - kuChirungu vachiti extreme or extremely". Kana totarisa humwe hweZvinyanye tinoti chinyanye (extremum, singular)

Nharire (Maximum) - iri izita rapiwa kududzira panogumira hukuru hwemupimo uri kutaurwa nezvawo. Sokuti muZimbabwe motokari dzinotenderwa nharire yemuchacha we 120 km/hr pamigwagwa mikuru. Mukutaura kwemazuva ose nharire inzvimbo yakakwirira, paive nemunhu airinda nyika yaShe achitarira kuti kune vavengi vanouya here.

Nhika (Minimum) - iri izita rapiwa kududzira panogumira huduku hwemupimo uri kutaurwa nezvawo. Sokuti hurumende inoronga kutara mari inotambiriswa vashandi ive panhika ye$150 pamwedzi. Pakutaura kwemazuva ose nhika inzvimbo iri pakadzika tichifananidza nenhraunda yenzvimbo iyoyo.

*Manziwo (1. Boundary, 2. Outside edge e.g of sleeping-mat, or field) zvinoreva zviri kumucheto kunopera chiro - sokuti kumanziwo kwerupasa kana munda. Shoko iri rinokwanisa kuzoshanda kuturikira inonzi *extreme* kuEnglish.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Kimbundu vanoti **kateke-teke** (n. minimum).
Pimamuganhu

Muchidzidzo chePimanyika, pimamuganhu (Perimeter) izwi rinoreva nhambwe yemitsetse inovaka chiumbwa chine nzenda mbiri. KuChiShona tichashandisa zita rimwechete kududza pimamuganhu yezviumbwa zvose kusanganisira denderedzwa.
Taramunyongo

**Taramunyongo** (kureva *radius*) muchidzidzo chePimanyika, izwi rinoreva mutsetse unobatanidza goko redenderedzwa nemuganhu wedenderedzwa; taramunyongo ndiyo inotara panogumira denderedzwa. Muganhu wedenderedzwa une nhambwe dzakafanana panzvimbo dzose zvichibva pakati (centre) pedenderedzwa. 

Izwi iri rinoshandiswazve kutsanangudza mutsetse unobatanidza goko reurungano, neuso hweurungano - uso hweurungano hune nhambwe dzakaenzana panzvimbo dzose kubva pakati.
Denderedzwa

Muchidzidzo chePimanyika, denderedzwa (*circle* kuChirungu) chiumbwa chine munyonya wakavharika panzvimbo dzose uye munyonga une nhambwe dzakaenzana panzvimbo dzose zvichibva pakati (centre) redenderedzwa racho. Nhambwe kubva pakati kusvika nemuganhu wedenderedzwa inodanwa kunzi taramunyongo, (radius kuChirungu).

*Denderedzigama ndiro rinonzi **semi-circle** kuChirungu.
*Bandiko (Sector) - iri izwi rinoreva nzvimbo iri pakati pemutaro miviri (radii) yakanyorwa kubva pakati pedenderedzwa kuenda pazvimiso zviviri zvakasiyana zviri pamuganhu wedenderedzwa.

*Chitendenedze (round enclosure)
*Mburungwagama ndiyo inonzi **hemisphere** kuChirungu.

## Nhambwe yemuganhu wedenderedzwa
Muganhu we denderedzwa une nhambwe inopiwa netsazaniso inoti

Pimamuganhu, P  =  2πR  = πD

Apa π igovano yePimamuganhu neDiameter yeDenderedzwa, R ndiyo taramunyongo yedenderedzwa, D ndiyo Diamater yedenderedzwa. Govano inonzi π, inoda kuyenzana na (22/7) kana kuti 3.14159 nekumwe kunyora.

## Nharaunda yeDenderedzwa

Nharaunda rwuri mukati medenderedzwa runowanikwa netsazaniso inoti:

Nharaunda, A  = πR2  =  (πD4)/4

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Chinenderere, chitenderedzwa, chitenderedzi kana chitenderere. 

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Herero vanoti **omuruko** kana **omiruko** pakuwanda (circumference) kureva mutsetse wakatara denderedzwa.
*Digo vanoti **mzunguruko** (circumference) vachireva pimabote. Tudaga vanoti kûru (n. circle) kureva denderedzwa.
*VaLozi vanoti **litengo** kana **matengo** (n. circle; people sitting in a circle; halo around the moon) kureva denderedzwa.
*VaSwahili vanoti **mzingo** (1. circle, curve, bend. 2. circumference, periphery. 3. environment, neighborhood. 4. mil. encirclement, investment).
*MaZulu vanoti **thenda** (v. Roll along) vachireva kukunguruka.
Rurama

*Rurama (pimanyika)
*Rurama (to go direct). Ndichibva kwaGutu ndakabva ndarurama Jerera.
*Rurama (righteousness) zvichireva kuva nehunhu nemaitiro anofadza pambaeri paMwari

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaLenje vanoti **lulama** (be straight).
Akiso

Muchidzidzo chePimanyika Akiso (Axis) inoreva mutsetse unoshandiswa kufananidza kuumbwa kwakaitwa zviumbwa kana pari kutaurwa nhau yekupimirana. Chiumbwa kana chiine kupimirana, zvinoreva kuti zviri kumativi ose emutsetse weAkiso zvinenge zvakafanana pakuenzanza huremu nekuumbwa kwazvo. 

Takatarisana neEarth, akiso yekuzeya inoreva mutsetse *wemonerapo* panove ndipo panoziririka Earth kamwe pamusi mumwe - izvi zvinokonzera kubuda nokudoka kwezuva. Akiso iyi mutsetse unobatananidza North pole neSouth pole. Earth inoziririka kamwe pamusi umwe *ichizvimonerera* paAkiso iyoyi - kamwe pa24 maawa.
Chiyero chekupimisa

Chiyero chekupimisa (kureva *Unit of measurement*) zvinoreva mwero une huwandu hwakatarwa pamitemo yenyika kana Pasirose, kuti uve chidzikwe chinoshandiswa pakupima mhando yehuwandu ihwohwo. 

Somuenzaniso kana tichipima nhambwe tinoshandisa chiyero chinonzi mita.

Pasirose sangano re International Organisation for Standardization ndiro rine hugabe hwekutara **zvidzikwe** zvinoshandiswa pakupima mipimo yakasiyana-siyana.

*Mwerero zvinoreva mudziyo unoshandiswa kupimisa zvinhu.
*Mueresero kana Mueresera (Exact quantity required) zvinoreva huwandu hwakati gejegeje nehuri kudiwa. 

## Mipanguro ye Zviyero zvekupimisa
Pane mipanguro yakasiyana inoshandisa panoringwa zvekupima, nechikonzero chekuti pane zviro zvepasirose nechadenga zvinopimwa.

### Nhambwe ne Hurefu

### Unda

### Huremu ne Sebhe

### Mumhu ne Chikwaniso

### Nguva

### Mari
ndarama, mashereni, 

## Mamwe Mazwi

Mazwi ari pandima ino ndeekuzama kuumba mutauro, haako kuChiShona chemazuva ose.

*Chimotsi cheMbimo (Unit of measure).
*Chimotsi cheHuremu (Unit of Mass).
*Chimotsi cheNhambwe (Unit of distance).

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Mururimi rweLuwanga vanoti **okhuyerana** (to be equal).
*VaGwere vanoti **kugera** (v. weigh, measure, estimate, gauge; make an assessment of the weight or value of something) vachireva kuyera.
*VaGwere vanoti **kugereka** (v. determine, set bounds or limits) vachireva kuyera kana kutara miganhu. Mamwe mazwi: **kugereesa** (v. guestimate, surmise, imagine to be the case or true or probable). 
*Baila vanoti **ku eleka** (to measure) vachireva kuyera. Mamwe mazwi: **ku ela** (to be fit, to fit exactly) vachireva kukwanirana.

Apa Lugwere inoshandisa **g** panopinda **y** muChiShona.

## Chirevo
Charaka

Muchidzidzo chePimanyika, charaka (Cone) izwi rinoreva chiumbwa chine uso huviri; humwe uso huri hwaro hwedenderedzwa huri pamutsendo, uso hwepiri huri uso hunopfirira hwaro kusvika pachisuvi (apex). Nguva zhinji chisuvi chinenge chakaita mutwi nemunzi wepakati (centre) pedenderedzwa riri pauso hunova hwaro. 

Shoko reShona rokuti charaka rinotodzana necharaka chinowanikwa paduwo rinoteyeswa hove chine kuumbwa kweiya inonzi "cone kuEnglish". Hove inopinda nekwakapamhama, yave mukati charaka chakamanika zvokuti hove inotadza kubuda.

Charaka chinoumbwa kana tikatenderedza gonyonhatu yemutwi pa**hwaro** hwayo, ichiita monerapo padivi rakarurama pahwaro.

## Tsika

Kare kare varimi vaivaka dununu rokuchengetera chibage chinege chakororwa. Dununu raitaridzika sedenga rekicheni yekumaruwa rakasunamiswa chisuvi chichiva pasi - uku ndiko kuumbwa kwecharaka. Vamwe vatauri vanoti dununu ndiro rujada, rudada kana chitanangare.
Mutsendo

Muchidzidzo chePimanyika, mutsendo (Plane, flat area) izwi rinoreva uso hwakatichechetere kunge pamusoro pemvura. Mutsendo unogonga kunge wakamiswa wakaita mutwi kana kurara kuti sandarara (horizontal) kana kurereka neipi zvayo gonya. Mutsendo uso hune nzenda mbiri chete, hwasha nehurefu; mutsendo hauna hudzamu. Somuenzaniso kana takatarisa pamusoro petafura yakanatsa kukwenenzverwa tinenge tiri kuona mutsendo

Izwi iri ririkutorwa kubva pamutsendo chinova chombo chinoshandiswa nevanoveza mapuranga. Mutsendo (plane kuEnglish) unoshandiswa kuveza mapuranga kuti puranga rive neuso hwakati chechetere husina makomba uye husina kumanzika.

## Kujekesa

Kuveza, kusenda (to plane, to make smooth, to peel).
Tsendo (plane, carpentry equipment).

Kutsepeteka (fit flushly). Akabatanidza mapuranga akasara anatsoti tsepete.
Sandarara

Muchidzidzo chePimanyika, sandarara (Horizontal, straight and flat) izwi rinoreva uso hwakati chechetere kunge pamusoro pemvura yakagadzikana isina masaisai. Mutsetse wakatichechtere semvura unonzi musandarara.

Nokumwe kutaura jechetere rinoreva chinhu chisina pamwe pakaderera kana kukwira kupfuura pamwe; nzvimbo dzose dziri pakaenzana.

Masandarasi (Level stretch of road).

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Bani kana fenje (flat country). 
*Hwendefa, kana fendefa (flat stone). 
*Sandairira (flat place or sheet of water). 
*Kupambadzika, kuita chivata kana kuita bayapaya (to be flat). 
*Kuradzika (to put down flat).
*Kupambadzira (to flatten). 

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

* Mukaka wakaita jechetere muhari. Apa kureva - the milk was level in the clay pot.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Mang'anja vanoti **tasa** kana **kutasalala** (flat; to be flat). Sokuti **poti tasa** (being flat, or where it is flat).
*VaTonga vanoti **elana** (adj. flat) vachireva kuti sandarara.
*Luwanga vanoti **okhuyenzera** (be flat; be level; lie still; be stagnant; be calm). Mamwe mazwi: **okhuyenzesia** (flatten; calm; quieten; knock down flat).
Uso

**Uso**, **vuso**, **chiso** kana hope (kureva *face*) zvinoreva kumberi kwemusoro wemunhu kana mhuka kunova ndiko kune mhuno nemaziso. Chiso chemunhu chinotangira munoperera vhudzi.

* Chombe (bone above the eye) apa kureva bvupa riri pamusoro peziso.
* Chavovo (temple on the head) apa kureva kumativi emusoro kuri kuri kumusoro kwematama.
* Manhanda (wrinkles on face).
* Mhutu (cheek).

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

* Mwana uyu ane chiso chakati baranganda - apa kureva chiso chakajeka chisina kurema, chemunhu anotaridzika seakasununguka.
* Kusekera mumhutu (laugh without showing it; laugh up the sleeve).
* Kuita mhutu (drink a mouthful) kureva kunwa zvinozadza mukanwa kamwe - kanonzi kamhutu.

## Mitauro yeAfrika

* Tumbuka inoti chisho kureva **chiso**. Giryama inoti **uso** (v. counternance) kureva chiso. Lusoga inoti obwanga (n. face).
* Fwe inoti **buso** (front) kureva kumberi. Chuwabo inoti **kove** kureva kumeso. Nsenga inoti **chinso** (face, appearance, complexion) kureva kumeso.
* Nyungwe neChewa vanoti **nkhope** kana **nkope** (the face, countenance) kureva **chiso**. Yao vanoti **ngope** (n. face) kureva **hope**.
* VaHerero vanoti **omurungu** (n. face) kureva chiso. Mamwe mazwi: **omurungu omupepu** (n. thin face; narrow face) kureva chiso chitete.
* VaMambwe vanoti **cata** (countenance, looks, features). VaBemba vanoti **mpumi** (face). VaMaconde vanoti **ing'ope** (face) kureva **uso**.
*Nyaneka vanoti **otyipala** (n. face) kureva chiso. Umbundu vanoti **ochipala** (n. face) kureva chiso.
* Uyo Ibibio inoti **iso** (n. face, front, future) kureva **chiso**. Shambala inoti **chene** (n. face) kureva **chiso**.
Gonyanhatu tsazamaviri

Muchidzidzo chePimanyika, gonyanhatu tsazamaviri (isosceles triangle) imhando yegonyanhatu rine mativi maviri akaenzana, negonya mbiri dzakaenzana.

Vara rokuti tsaza- rinoreva kuti zvakaenzana; vara iri rinofanana neiro rinoshandiswa kuEnglish rokuti 'equi-'. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana tati *tsazamaviri* tinenge tichiti rakaenzana maviri.