Zimbabwe

:*<small>Hona zve[[Masvingo eZimbabwe]].</small>*
:*<small>Kana uchitsvaga zvakawanda nezvokuvhota gore ra2008, ona [[Zimbabwean presidential election, 2008|nyaya iyi.]]</small>*

**Zimbabwe** ichinzizve pachihofisi **Rudhende rwe Zimbabwe**,  inyika yakakomberedzwa iri kuchamhembe kwe Afurika, dzimwe nguva ichinzi iri kumabvazuva kana kuChamhembechemabvazuva kwe Afurika. 

Yakaganhurana neMazambuko kumabvazuva, Afurika Chamhembe kuchamhembe kwayo, Vutswana kumadokero, Zambia kumaodzanyemba. Zimbambwe ine mitauro guminetanhatu yepachihofisi, ruzhinji rwevanhu runogona kutaura Chingezi kwazvo nokuda kwe hukoloni we Mabhuritani, asi huwandu hungasvike 85% huno taura Chishona serurimi rwa mai. Chishona ndicho chaive mutauro wehugari weruzhinji rwe vanhu kubva muchikarekare, Chikaranga chichinzi ndicho chimutauronyina chezera rikurukuru pakati pezvishona zvose, uye ne Chikalanga icho chinehukama nahwo. Rurimi rwechipiri runotaura nepamwe 20% yehuwandu we Vanhu iChindeḅele rwunotaurwawo zvakare muZimbabwe nevanhu veMatabele. Ava vanhu vakasvikawo munzvimbo iyi apo veChishona vanga vatodzika midzi, avo VeMatabele vakabva kuAfurika Chamhembe sechikamu cheMazulu vachitiza Mambo Shaka Zulu. Asi nhasi, Vandeḅele vanosanganisa Vakaranga-Vakalanga, Vasutu, Vashangani nevamwe wo, nekuda kwekuti Mambo Mzilikazi vakaumba Mthwakazi (Umambo we Mandeḅele) vachisanganisa vanhu vavakawana vari muZimbabwe uye nevakabviwanawo kuAfurika Chamhembe.

Zvakare kuchamhembe kwenyika iyi kune rwizi rukuru rwunonzi Limpopo, ukuwo kumawodzanyemba kunezve rumwe rwizi rukuru runonzi Zambezi. Nzizi idzi ihuru kwazvo uye dzinodira muGungwa re India.

Kubvira makore 1250 kabanga kuzvika 1629, nzvimbo yavekuzikanwa seZimbabwe iyi yaitongwa neUbwami wa Mutapa (*Mutapa Empire*), vachizikanwazve sekuti Mwenemutapa. Nzvimbo iyoyi yaive nemukurumbira chaizvo panyaya dzendarama (kana goridhe), iro raifambiswa nevanhu vechiArabhu. Zvakadaro, veChiputukezi vakauya ndokuparadza hurongwa ihwohwo nokukasira, zvikasiya Monomatapa iri panguva yekusaziva zvekuita. Gore ra1834 veMatabele, ava vanga vakuzviti maNdebele, vakasvikawo munzvimbo iyoyi yamadzimambo Mutapa. Vakasvika nechekuchamhemhembechemadokero  kwenzvimbo yamadzimambo Mutapa. Tambo taura pamusoro kuti vanhu ava vakange vari kutiza kubva kunamambo wavowo Shaka ainge arikudya marasha chamhembe ikoko. VechiNdebele ava vaitungamirwawo namambo wavo Lobengula. Nzvimbo yavakagara iyi yaizozikanwa seMatabeleland munguva yaizotevera kusanginisira zvino uno.

Nyika ye Zimbabwe yakawana kuzvitonga mugore ra1980, apo bato reZanu-PF raRobert Gabriel Mugabe rakavhoterwa neruzhinji rwevanhu. Mureza weBhiritani wakadzikiswa musi wa18 April 1980, mureza weZimbabwe ukasimudzwa. VaMugabe vakatonga nyika iyi kwemakore anopotsa makumi mana. Mushure mekudaro, mutevedzeri wavo Emmerson Mnangagwa akatora chinzvimbo chazvo mushure mekunge va Mugabe vamanikidzwa kuti  vasiye basa. Emmerson Mnangagwa uyu haana kuzvitorera chigaro ega, akabatsirwa nemauto uyezve aiva nerubatsiro rwebato raitonga rinova Zanu PF. Iri ndiro bato richirikutonga munyika ye Zimbabwe zuva ranhasi. Emmeson Mnangagwa akatpinda pachigaro mugore ra 2017 mumwedzi waMbudzi, netarisiro yekuti gore raitevera paitwe sarudzo yekutsvaga mutungamiri wenyika anodiwa nevanhu. Ruzhinji rwakamusarudza zvakare asi pakaita mutauro nemutungamiriri webato rinopikisa MDC rinotungamirirwa na VaNelson Chamisa. 

Nyaya iyi yakanetsa ikatozoenda kudare redzimhosva rinoona nenyaya dzebumbiro remitemo. Nyaya yaVaChamisa yekupikisa zvakabuda musarudzo yakaonekwa nedare isina humbowo, dare rikati Emmeson Mnangawa ndiye akasarudzwa neruzhinji.

## Kupiwa kwe Zita

Republic of Zimbabwe kuChirungu inokwanisa kuturikirwa kuchinzi Nyika yeRuzhinji rweZimbabwe kana Nyika yeRudhende rweZimbabwe kana Nyika yeMukumbi weZimbabwe. 
*Republicanism yoturikirwa kuchinzi chinyaruzhinji, chinyarudhende kana chinyamukumbi.

## Matongerwo eNyika
Zimbabwe inyika yakapatsanurwa kuva nematunhu makuru masere nemaguta mairi anotarisirwa sematunhu mukuva kwawo. Dunhu rese rine guta guru imo munoitirwa mabhizimusi ehurumende.

Mazita ematunhu akagadzirwa kubva mumazita eMashonaland neMatabeleland iwo akagadzirwa nevarungu munguva yekutongwa neBhritani. Mashonaland ndiyo yaive nzvimbo yatanga kugarwa neBritish South Africa Company Pioneer Column uko Matabeleland yaiva nzvimbo yakatorwa mukupera kweHondo yekutanga yemaMatabele (*First Matabele War*). Nzvimbo idzi dzinotevedzawo nyika dzaigarwa nemaShona nemaNdebele varungu vasati vauya, zvisinei kuti izvozvi kunoita kusangana kwevanhu mumatunhu aya. Dunhu rese rinotongwa naProvincial Governor, uyu anosarudzwa nemutangimiri wenyika yeZimbabwe. Hurumende yematunhu inotungamirwa naiye Provincial Administrator, uyu anosarudzwa ne''Public Service Commission''. Zvimwewo zvinhu zvinoitwa nehurumende yenyika mumatunhu zvinoitwa nemahofisi emapoka ehurumende yenyika.

## Zimbabwe pa[[Dandira reMbariro neNhungo dzeTaranyika]]

Nyika yeZimbabwe iri murumana rwembariro 20oS neNhungo 30oE. Zimbabwe iri pakati peMutsazanisi neTropic of Capricon, inova nzvimbo iri mudunhu reTropics rinowana murazvo wezuva zvakanyanya. Nzvimbo dziri muTropics dzinodziya nguva zhinji, kana tichienzanisa nenzvimbo dziri kunze kweTropics. Zvakadaro tinoda kuonesana kuti nyika yeZimbabwe inotonhorera zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nzvimbo dziri mudunhu reTropics. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nokuti chikamu cheZimbabwe chiri panzvimbo yakakwirira inonzi duvurwi (*plateau*). Nzvimbo dziri pahukwidza (*altitude*) huri pamusoro dzinotonhorera pane nzvimbo dziri pahukwidza huri pasi.

Hezvinoi zviringani zveTaranyika zvemaguta ari muZimbabwe:

* Harare iri parumbariro  nemutambariko 17o43'S; 31o02'E

* Bulawayo iri parumbariro  nemutambariko 20o07'S; 28o32'E

* Mutare iri parumbariro  nemutambariko 18o58'S; 32o38'E

* Gweru iri parumbariro  nemutambariko 19o28'S; 29o45'E

* Masvingo iri parumbariro  nemutambariko 18o0'S; 27o0'E

* Victoria Falls iri parumbariro  nemutambariko 17o58'S; 25o52'E