Dhaga

Shoko rokuti dhaga rinoreva ivhu ratinotsika tichifamba, rinova ndiro rinomera mbeu, miti nemadzinde akasiyana-siyana. Dhaga rinowanikwa riine ruvara rwakasiyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana; kune jecha, gova, shapa, munyakwe, zvichingodaro. Mumatunhu eDomboshava neMazowe munowanikwa ivhu dzvuku rinonzi gova kana kuti katondo.

Zvakaworera muvhu zvinobva pamadzinde semashizha nemakwati akaworera zvinodanwa kunzi mutsakwani kana matsakwani - *humus*.

*Kuchinga (restore soil fertility).
*Mududu, muhori kana rondo (Hole from which soil is taken for smearing floors). 

## Mhando dzevhu

*Chishava (gravely red soils, unsuitable for cultivation, but suitable for construction).
*Dhakamunyama (slang term for black clayey soils, cracking when dried).
*Chivavane (grey, sodic, weakly salted soils, on the surface of which water stagnates in the rainy season).
*Dema (black soil).
*Dikwindi (patch of black fertile soil) zvichireva nzvimbo ine dhaga dema rakapfuma.  Vamwe voti dhakamunyama.
*Chiombwe, mpunzo kana rondo (clayey soils, unsuitable for cultivation, but used for pottery).
*Gwangwari kana gan'a?? (dry soil with short grass). Zvichida ndipo anobva zita rokuti Gwangwava?
*Gova kana chimbangu (red loam soil) apa kureva dhaga dzvuku. Vamwe inoti gova (black clayey soils, cracking when dried) ivhu dema rine munyakwe.
*Gwangwarati (barren soil; very dry soil).
*Gwakwari kana magwakwari (1. Place where fertile soil is shallow because rock or salty soil is near surface. 2. Place where both water and salty soil are sought by animals) apa kureva gokoro.
*Bukutu kana jiho (red clayey soils, usually productive, extremely slippery when wet). Zvichida panoti jiho ndipo panobva zita rokuti Jiro.
*Mhukutu (soil on side of, or at foot of a hill, mixed with detritus- generally red) zvichireva dhaga dzvuku rinowanikwa mujinga megomo rakabva pakubvurunyuka kwematombo.
*Ndoronya (hydromorphic, greyed, thixotropic sandy soils).
*Bungure, shapa kana mushapa (light sandy soil).

*Bare (hard black salty soil, barren soil) dhaga dema iro rionowanikwa munyu mariri. Mudunhu reChiweshe kune musha unonzi Bare. Izwi iri rinoshandiswa kuChiNdau.
*Gokoro (light grey sodic, strongly salted soils) apa kureva dhaga pfumbu rine munyu muzhinji.
*Dofo (Soft, fertile vlei soil) zvichireva ivhu rakapfava rine mutsakwani.
*Jecha
*Rukuvi kana gwatara (soil on river bank).
*Mhemba (Light-coloured soil used as colour wash).
*Munyakwe, chinyakwe, chinamwe, rondo, dongo (clayey soil) imhando yedhaka rakatsetseka rinonamira kana ratoteswa. Dhaka iri rinoshandiswa kuumba hari nezvimwe zviumbwa. 
*Mhamhare kana mamhare (Soil in which thorn trees flourish) apa kureva ivhu rinokudza miti yeminzwa.
*Rusekenya kana ruzekete (infertile, deep sandy soils).
*Rukangarahwe kana tsangarahwe (shallow gravely soil with perfect drainage).

*Izwi rokuti isikwaka (grey, sodic, weakly salted soils, on the surface of which water stagnates in the rainy season) rinotaurwa kuNdebele richireva dhaga rinonzi chivavane.

## Gukuravhu

Shoko rokuti gukuravhu (soil erosion) rinoreva kutakurwa kwevhu kubva panzvimbo pari richikukurwa nemvura yekunaya kana nemhepo. Gukuravhu rinokonzera kuti nzizi nehova dzizare nevhu dzichigumisidza dzapwa sezvakaita rwizi Save mune dzimwe nzvimbo.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Psalm 107:33-34 Anopindura nzizi kuita sango, nezvinyuka zvemvura kuita mavhu akaoma; nenyika yakavhundira kuita bare.

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*VaWabo inoti mattaka (n. soil, sand) vachireva madhaga. Luganda inoti taka (n. soil, earth, dirt) kureva dhaga. Kinande inoti ekitaka (n. earth, domain).
*Yao inoti katondo (red clayey soil). Chewa inoti katondo (a kind of red soil) kureva dhaga dzvuku. Hadiyya inoti shapha (marshy area - impassable).
*Lubwisi inoti kukangama (n. to be on top) kureva kukangama. Kimbundu inoti mavu (n. earth, clay, floor) kureva mavhu.
*Lenje inoti lukungu kana lusuko (loose, sandy soil) vachireva ivhu rine jecha. Lenje inoti lilowa kana malowa (soil, earth) kureva dhaga. 
*Lozi inoti litongo (n. sandy unfertile land) kureva ivhu jecha risina kudya. Mambwe inoti mumelo (fertility of soil) kureva kuberekesa kwevhu.