Azote

**Azote** (kuChingezi *nitrogen*) kana **nito**, inhangande yechemushonga ine chiratidzo **N** ne chiperengo che atoma cha nomwe (7). Azote i-sinasimbi uye chikamu chakarerukisisa muboka re gumineshanu (15) murupotera rwe nhangande, anovanzodanwa kunzi dzisikazote. Inhangande isingakoni kuwanikwa murudunhumwe, inofungairwa kuwapanzvimbo yechinomwe pakuwanda muGwararezhou ne Mutandira we Mushana. Pahujoto ne nzvinya dzakajairika, mahatoma maviri,  enhangande anobatana ovumba N2, gasi ye maatoma maviri isina ruvara kana hwema. N2 inovumba muzana wemakumimanomwe-nesere (78%) ejingamweya re Rinopasi, zvichibva zvariisa pamusoro senhangande inowanikwa kakurusa isina kugumbanidzwa iri mumweya. Nekuda kwevupapariko hwe mambundanirwa eazote, inhangande yeushomekari muzvikamu zvekaoma zve Rinopasi.

Yakatanga kubvumbunurwa nekupatsanururwa na chiremba wechiSkoti Daniel Rutherford muna-1772 uye na Carl Wilhelm Scheele pachake, na Henry Cavendish munguva yaivepedyo. Zita rokuti *nitrogène* rakayambiswa na mhizhamushonga wechiFurenji Jean-Antoine-Claude Chaptal muna1790 pazvakawanikwa kuti azote yainge iri munyong'o ye rw'azote uye maazoteri. Antoine Lavoisier akayambisa zita rokuti azote, kubva pakuChigiriki-chekare ἀζωτικός "pasina vupenyu", nekudakwokuti raive gasi inovhumidzisa.

Azote yechinhangande inowanzo gadzirwa nemweya ne ruambahweza rwe runamatiro nemushanduruko wenzvinya. Pamusviko wembiri-dzemunhatu (2/3) dzeazote yechinhangande inogadzirwa zvepamutengeso inoshandiswa segasi iri ineti (isina-ufemo) pakuita nezvepamutengeso senge kuphekeja chikafu, uye uwandu hwayo hwunoshandiswa seazote yeumadzi muzviiswa zverusikarutonho. Huzhinji hwe mambundanirwa akakosha muhushangazhi, senge amoniya, nyong'o yerw'azote, maazoteri echerumhenyu (chityovhesi, uye zviputiko), masiyanidhi, aneazote. Musungo weutatu wakasimba kakuru kwazvo muazote yechinhangande (N=N), musungo wechipiri pakusimva mumamorikyuri yemaatoma maviri mushure mechimurasha chenyong'omwe (CO), inokurira chemushonga cheazote. Izvi zvinokonzeresa kukoniwa kwezvinyanhengo ne hushangazhi pakushandurudzwa N2 kuvamambundanirwa anemushando, asi pamwepo zvinoreva kuti kupisa, kuputisa, kana kubvurunura mambundanirwa eazote kuitira kuwumba gasi ye azote zvinobuditsa huwandu hwukuru hweito inemushando. Amoniya ne maazoteri anogadzirwa zveukotsvanidzwa akakosha mufetiraiza yechishangazhi, uye maazoteri efetiraiza itsviniso dzakakosha mukutyofikechwa kwe mitandira ye mvura. Kunze kwekushandiswa mumafetiraiza nemukubangwa kwe ito, azote chikamu chemabundanirwa echerumhenyu anosiyana-siyana semaaramidha anoshandiswa munduko dzesimba-huru ne sayanoakrireti anoshandiswa munamiridzidzo. 

Azote inowanikwa muzvinyanhengo zvose, kunyanya mudzinyong'o dzeamino (uyezve muzvwakanyama), mudzinyong'o dzerusomo (DNA ne RNA) uye mumorekyuri rinotapuridza ito rinonzi adhenosini terafosifeti. Mwiri wemunhu une muzana wechitatu (3%) we ndemu ye azote, ichiva nhangande yechina pakuwanda mumwiri ichitevera ufemo, chimurasha, ne husikamadzi. Rudzovo rwe azote rwunotsanangura kufamba kwe nhangande mumweya, ichipinda mujingabenyu ne mambundanirwa echerumhenyu, ichizodzoka mujingamweya. Azote inoshandiswa mumadharaki mazhinji anoshandiswa kurapa, zvichisanganisa makazautachiwana. Madharaki mazhinji anoitazvekutevedza kana maprodrugs eazote yechekusikwa inemamorekyuri anoninira  : semuenzaniso, maazote echerumhenyu nitirogiriseni ne nitiropurisidhi  anodzoredza nzvinya ye ropa  nekuimetabholaiza kuva chitutso che azote. Madharaki anozivikwa ane azote, kusanganiswa dzekusikwa senge kafeni ne morufini kana iyo  amufetamini yeukotsvanidzwa, dzinoshanda pamarhiseputa emanyurotiranzimita emhuka.

Tafura ye horokodza 

  

## Zita

### Unenashoko
Zita iri rinowanikwa ku Chistandadhi Shona, hariko kuChishona chakadzama saka rinogona kunge richibva kuChiputukezi kunyangwe zvisina kugwarwa paDuramazwi reVashona. MuChiputukezi iyo nitrojeni inonzi *azoto* kana *azote*.

Zita rokuti sikanito ririkubva pachirevo cheChingezi, *nitrogen* kana rikapatsanurwa shoko rokuti *nitro* ndiro "nito" muChishona uye chivakamberi *-gen* zvinoreva kuti "sika; umba; gadzirwa ne-". Sika shoko rokuti *nitrogen* ndiro sikanito kana umbanito.

### Chibanthu
Mazita renhangande zhinji haawanikwi kumitauro yakawanda yeChibanthu. Chiswahiri pachinoshaya mazwi rinotora kubva kuChiarabhu nokuti kubva kudhara wakambo tora mazwi kubva kumutaura wacho. Mitauro zhinji yekuMabvazuva kwe Afurika inotodza Chiswahiri saka inowanzo tora wo mazita ezvinhu kubva kuChiswahiri nokuti chinotaurwa vanhu hobho.

* Chiswahiri chinoti: **Nitrojeni** kutodza Chingezi.
* KuChindevele, Chizulu ne Chixhosa inonzi: **I-Nitrogeni**
* Chingala chinoti: **Azoti**
* Chivhenda chinoti: **naiṱhrodzheni**
* Chitsonga choti wo: nayitirojeni

## Mabviro eruzivo
**C** = chirevo pachivanhu. **A** = Anodinga uturikiso pachivanhu.