open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Tsaza-

Mukutaura ChiShona vara rokuti Tsaza- (Equi-) chivakamberi chichange chiri kushandiswa kuratidza kuti zvakadomwa kumashure kwaicho chivakamberi ichi zvakaenzana uye zvakafanana. Tsaza- achange achisahndiswa nenzira imwe inoshandiswa prefix 'equi-' inoshandiswa kuEnglish pamwazwi akaita sa: *equidistant; equilateral; equiangular*. 

Sarudzo iyi yaitwa pachicherechedzwa kuti kufanana hazvirevi kuenzana; sokuti baba nemwana wavo nyangwe vakafanana, havana kuenzana.

Chivakamberi ichi chiri kubva paizwi reChiManyika rokuti *tsazana* rinoreva kuenzana.

## Muenzaniso weChivakamberi ichi

*Gonyaina tsazamativi (Rhombus) - iri izwi rinoreva **gonyaina rine mativi akaenzana** nhambwe. Gonya dzemukati dzakatarisana dzinenge dzakaenzana zvakare. Chiumbwa ichi chine madanhamakonya maviri anochekana negonya re 90o. Tsazano iri pamupanda wegonyaina tsazamativi zvakare.

*Gonyaina tsazamakonya (Rectangle) - iri izwi rapiwa kureva **chiumbwa chine makonya mana ose akaenzana**; gonya rimwe nerimwe riine 90o. Mativi maviri akatarisana anenge akaenzana uye akati sambamba. Tsazano rinogona kupinda pamupanda wechiumbwa ichi asi kazhinji tinosarudza kuti tsazano rimire roga.

*Tsazahusiku (Equinox)

Mazuva eTsazahusiku anoitika March 20-21 neSeptember 20-21. Pamazuva aya Denderedzwa reChiedza rinocheka North pole neSouth pole - mativi ose eAkiso anenge ari nhambwe dzakafanana kubva kuzuva - hapana divi rinenge riri pedyo nezuva kudarika rimwe. Zvakare hapana divi reAkiso rinenge rakanongedza kune zuva. Pamazuva aya nzvimbo dzose dziri panyika dzinowana husiku hwakaenzana, hwakareba 12 maawa - saka mazuva aya achinzi Tsazahusiku- equinox.

*Mutsazanisi (equator) mutsetse unopangidza pakati ne pakati penyika uchikamura hafu yekuChamhembe kubva kuhafu yekuMaodzanyemba - Southern and Northern Hemisphere. Mutsazanisi une nhambwe dzakaenzana kubva kuNorth pole ne South pole panzvimbo dzose.
Gunganidzo

Muchidzidzo cheScience gunganidzo (Gravity) izwi rinotsanangudza chiitiko chinoonekwa pazviumbwa zvemuchadenga kuti zvinokweva chero chipi chiumbwa nefosi rine kukura kunoyenderana nehuremu hwezviumbwa. 

Fosi regunganidzo ndiro rinokweva mvura kuti iwungane munzvimbo dziri pakaderera uye kuti chinhu chichinge chakandwa mudenga chidzoke zvakare pasi.

Fosi yegunganidzo pakati pezuva nenyika ndiyo inoita kuti Rinopasi (earth) rirambire muBoterekwa (orbit) rimwechete marinotenderera dendera rimwe (1) pagore risingatetereke muchadenga. Zuva rinokwezva nyika kuti irambe ichitenderera muBoterekwa risingashunduke.

Dzimwe nyeredzi dzose dzinofamba neBoterekwa rakatarwa dzinodariswo negunganidzo pakati penyeredzi (planets) idzodzo nezuva. Zuva rinokwezva nyeredzi kuti dzirambe dzichitenderera neBoterekwa risingashunduke. Chiitiko chegunganidzo chinotsanangurwa nedudzirazivo rakanyorwa naIsaac Newton rave kunzi Mutemo weGunganidzo waNewton - Newton's Law of Gravity.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*MaZulu vanoti **ubunzima** (Heaviness, weight; importance, prestige; difficulty).
*MaZulu vanoti **ubuzima** (Heaviness, weight; importance; difficulty).
*VaKagulu vanoti **usito** (n. weight) vachireva huremu.
Gonyonhatu mutseyekwa

Muchidzidzo chePimanyika, gonyonhatu mutseyekwa (scalene triangle) imhando yegonyonhatu rine mativi ose ane nhambwe dzakasiyana uye gonyo nhatu dzose dzakasiyana. Hazvinei gonyonhatu mutseyekwa agara nedivi ripi anotaridzika seanorerekera (kana kuwandira) kune rimwe divi nguva dzose.
Hurefu

Muchidzidzo chePimanyika, tsangudzo dzinotevera dzinopihwa maererano nekupimwa kwenhambwe.

*Hurefu (*length*) - shoko iri rinoreva kureba kwenzvimbo kana ichipimwa. Kana tiri kuMasvomhu, hurefu hunoshandiswa kududza divi rakanyanya kureba kudarika mamwe.
*Hwasha (*width*) - shoko iri rinoreva kupamhama kwenzvimbo kana ichipimwa
*Hudzamu (*depth*) - shoko rinoreva kudzika kwenzvimbo kana ichipimwa. Shoko iri rinoshandiswa kududza kupimwa kwenhambwe zvichitevedza rudzivo rwekudzika pasi.
*Hukwidza (height, altitude) - iri shoko rinonyanya kushandiswa kududza kupimwa kwenhambwe zvichitevedza rudzivo rwekuenda mudenga. Somuenzaniso tingataura hukwidza hwendenge iri kubhururuka kana chivakwa chemudurikidzanwa. Mukutaura kwamazuva ose tinoti chinhu chiri pakakwirira kana pakaderera, muzvidzidzo zveScience zvakafanira kuti titaure pamusoro pe*hukwidza*.

Mipimo yose yataurwa pamusoro inoshandisha chiyero chenhambwe chinonzi mita (metre).

*Musambara zvinoreva hurefu huripo kubva pahuma kusvika pabesu panotangira muswe wemhuka.
*Mudzukwa (Tall, straight object e.g. tree; skyscraper).  zvinoreva chiro chakareba kuenda mudenga uye chakatwasuka. 
*Mbimbi kana honokono (Short length e.g. of string; Cubit). 
*Mbombo (Very big).

Kuturama (to be exalted; lifted on high) apa kureva kuva pachinzvimbo chine hukuru hwakakwirira saMwari. Shoko iri rinotaurwa kuChiNdau *Psalm 138:6*.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Rakadzuka (Be eminent. Tower. 2. Grow as child does). Uri kuona here, gunde rakadzuka iro: can you see that stalk which is taller than all the others? 
*Dandara kana dzu (ideophone of Being high; of Being on highest point). Takaona Zhombwe kuti dandara: we saw that Zhombwe was higher than the other hills.
*Ngokuti kunyazwi Mambo Mwari **wakaturama**, unokarakadza ngevari pashi; Though the Lord is exalted, he looks kindly on the lowly.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaSwahili vanoti **urefu** (length) kureva hurefu. VaGulu vanoti **muntu ayu mtali** (this person is tall) kureva munhu uyu murefu.
*Bemba vanoti **butali** kureva hurefu. Nyakyusa vanoti **ndali** (long) kureva refu. Taabwa vanoti kulepa (adj. belong) kureva kureba.
*VaLungu vanoti **umulimi mutali** (tall farmer) kureva murimi murefu. Kimbundu vanoti **kuleba** (v. length) kureva kureba.
*Nyungwe inoti **citali** (long) kureva hurefu. VaKwere vanoti **lutali** (long) kureva hurefu. Kikongo inoti **levesa** (to make long) kureva kurebesa.
Tsazahusiku

Muchidzidzo cheTaranyika (Geography), mazuva eTsazahusiku anoitika March 20-21 neSeptember 20-21. Pamazuva aya *Denderedzwa reChiedza* rinocheka North pole neSouth pole - mativi ose eAkiso anenge ari hhambwe dzakafanana kubva kuzuva - hapana divi rinenge riri *pedyo* nezuva kudarika rimwe. Zvakare hapana divi reAkiso rinenge rakanongedza kune zuva. Pamazuva aya nzvimbo dzose dziri panyika dzinowana husiku hwakaenzana, hwakareba 12 maawa - saka mazuva aya achinzi Tsazahusiku- *equinox*. 

Kubva pana March 20-21, nguva yechiedza inoenda ichireba kuhafu yekuMaodzanyemba - kutanga kwenguva yeChirimo (spring) kunzvimbo dziri kuMaodzanyemba kweMutsazanisi. Kunzvimbo dziri kuChamhembe, nguva yechiedza inenge ichiderera, kutanga kwenguva yeMatsutso (autumn) kunzvimbo idzi. 

Kubva pana Sep 20-21, nguva yechiedza inoenda ichiderera kuhafu yekuMaodzanyemba - iyi inguva yemwaka we[Matsutso] (autumn) kunzvimbo dziri ku[[Maodzanyemba kweMutsazanisi. Kunzvimbo dziri ku[Chamhembe, nguva yechiedza inenge ichireba, nguva yemwaka weChirimo kunzvimbo idzi.

Chivakamberi chekuti Tsaza- chiri pamberi peshoko rokuti tsazahusiku chinodudza kuti zvinhu zvakataurwa kumashure kwacho zvakaenzana. Vara rokuti Tsaza- rinofanana nerokuti *equi-* rinoshandiswa kuEnglish pamberi pemashoko anoti: equilateral, equidistant, equiangular.
Zuvaragodza

*<small>Zani rino rinoda kugadziriswa.</small>*

**Zuvaragodza** (kuChingezi kureva *solstice*) muchidzidzo cheTaranyika, mazuva anoitika muna Chikumi 20-21 ne Zvita 20-21. Pamazuva aya chikume chenyika chinowana chiedza chine manhambo kana maawa arakarebesa, chimwe chikamu chichiwana chiedza chine manhambo kana maawa akashomekesa (kureva akapfupikisa).

*Pamazuva Chikumi 20-21 Rinopasi inenge iri panzvimbo muboterekwa yokuti North pole inenge yakanongedza kuzuva yakatsveyamira kuzuva ne 23.5o. Denderedzwa rechiedza rinenge riri panzvimbo yokuti North pole haipinde murima zvokuti North pole inowana 24 maawa echiedza. Denderedzwa reChiedza rinenge rakaita muganhu palatitude 66.5oN panova ndipo panotangira Arctic Circle.  Panguva imwechete, South pole inenge yakanongedza kwakapesana nezuva, denderedzwa rechiedza rinenge riri panzvimbo yokuti South pole inoramba iri murima. South pole inowana 24 maawa erima. 

Pamazuva aya, nzvimbo dzose dziri kuMaodzanyemba eMutsazanisi dzinowana chiedza kwemahawa anodarika 12; nzvimbo dzose dziri kuChamhembe kweMutsazanisi dzinowana chiedza chiri kwemahawa ari pasi  pe 12. Hafu yekuMaodzanyemba inenge iri mumwaka weZhizha, hafu yekuChamhembe inenge iri mumwaka wechando.

*Pamazuva Zvita 20-21 Rinopasi inenge iri panzvimbo muboterekwa yokuti South pole inenge yakanongedza kuzuva yakatsveyamira kuzuva ne 23.5o. Denderedzwa rechiedza rinenge riri panzvimbo yokuti South pole haipinde murima zvokuti South pole inowana 24 maawa echiedza. Denderedzwa reChiedza rinenge rakaita muganhu palatitude 66.5oS panova ndipo panotangira Antarctic Circle.  Panguva imwechete, North pole inenge yakanongedza kwakapesana nezuva, denderedzwa rechiedza rinenge riri panzvimbo yokuti North pole inoramba iri murima. Nouth pole inowana 24 maawa erima. 

Pamazuva aya, nzvimbo dzose dziri kuChamhembe kweMutsazanisi dzinowana chiedza kwemahawa anodarika 12; nzvimbo dzose dziri kuMaodzanyemba kweMutsazanisi dzinowana chiedza chiri kwemahawa ari pasi  pe 12. Hafu yekuChamhembe inenge iri mumwaka weZhizha, hafu yekuMaodzanyemba inenge iri mumwaka wechando.
Marondera

**Marondera** kaguta kari makiromita anoita makumi matanhatu nechekumabvazuva kweguta guru reHarare makananga munzira inoenda kuguta reMutare. Marondera ndiro guta guru redunhu reMashonaland East. Vagari venzvimbo iyi vazhinji maZezuru. Iri guta rine zvikwata zvakawanda zvevabvakure. Kunoti varungu vanowanzowanika mumapurazi. Kwozotiwo vaMalawi. Zvidza zvegutu iri zveChiZezuru. Marondera inzvimbo ine dzimba huru dzakawanda dzakaipoteredza Svosve, Nysahanu, Chikwaka zvingodaro. Nzimbo dzinogara vanhu kunoti musha weDombotombo, Rujeko, Yellow City, Nyameni, Cherutombo, Rusike, Paradise Park neWeston Part. Zvinamati zvinowanikwa muguta iri kunotiMaKristu akare VaRoma, Ngirandi, Hwisiri nedzimwewo kwozotiwo maKristu emweya veZaoga, Family of God. Kunewo vavhangeri veChurch of Christ neBaptist zvichingodarowo. Kune vateveri vaMahamadhiwo(Muslims) vanova ivo vazhinji veChiMalawi neveChiIndia. Kunowanikwao Vapositori vakawanda. Nzvimbo yeMarondera ine zvikoro zvakawanda zvakanaka zvine dzidzo yepamusoro-soro, zvakaita sePeterhouse nechikoro cheWaddilove chinova icho kudhuze neguta iri.

Guta iri rakatanga kutungamirwa naMeya wechitema aiva Innocent Mutsanziri Shonhiwa kubva muna 1982 kusvikira 1987. Ndiye akava mutungamiri weChivanhu wekutanga kubva muHondo yeChimurenga yeChipiri. Innocent anga akaberekwa namai vake Ottillia Ziteya aiva mwana wa  Leonard Takaendesa Maresva. Innocent wakanga aine mukoma mumwe  aitwa Basil Siliva Takaendesa nehanzvadzi imwe mumba maMai vake aiitwa iye Juliet Pelagia Muzerengi. Baba VaInnocent vaiva vekwaZiteya. Innocent waiva nenzvadzi nemunin'ina mumba maBaba vake.Innocent wakazoteverwa naMeya Chiboth Dakura Mukange aiva mudzidzisi muiri guta. Vagari veMarondera vanowana mvura yekumwa kubva mumadhamu maviri anoitwa Nyambuya neRufaro. Nyambuya idhamu riri murwizi runoitwa Nyakambiri. MuMarondera munowakiwa nzvimbo dzakakosha dzinoratidza zvinyoro zvechinyakare zvepamatombo mumapako ari paTapfuma School. Kunewo Imire GamePark inowanikwapedyo neiri guta ine mhuka dzesango dzemhando dzakawanda.

Marondera inzvimbo ine mapani akwanda naizvozvo munguva dzechando kunotonhora zvakanyanya. Mvura inowanzo nayawo zvikuru munguva yezhizha. Iri guta riri kukura  zvikuru nevanhu vanofarira kuvakiramo vachishanda kuHarare nekuti mutengo wedzimba wakatidererei zvichienzaniswa neHarare.

## Tsika

*Dombatomba (Plant from which salt is extracted). Zvichida zita rokuti Dombatomba rinotodzana nezita remana ari muguta reMarondera anonzi Dombotombo?

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaWabo vanoti **malrondda** (business, trading) vachireva mubisho kana kutengeserana.
*Mang'anja vanoti **kulonda** (barter goods). Mang'anja vanoti **malonda** (n. merchandise; trade goods).
*VaMakua vanoti **maronda** (trade) vachireva kutengeserana. 
*VaDigo vanoti **londera** (to incite). Mamwe mazwi: **londa** (to want, to like).
Tapiwa Ralph Junior Masvosva

Tapiwa Masvosva mwana wechipiri waRalph mwana wemuera Gumbo, madyira vanobuda nepaGutu paMutero. Pakadyiwa mabhuku pana Tapiwa ipapa. Kubva mubhuku rekutanga kusvika kufomu yechitanhatu haivakwanisa kumukunda muzvidzidzo avo vaakadzidza navo. Pachinhambo chino akapedza dzidzo yepamusoro paUnivesiti yekuCape Town, South Africa. Ava kushanda iye semunanánidzi wemafimbiro anoita mari mune ramangwana ari pakambani inobatsira veruzhinji kushandisa nekuchengetedza mari dzavo neungwaru inonzi iyo Convex Financial ari mubazu re LifeCheq.
Mucheko

Muchidzidzo chePimanyika, mucheko (*Cross-section*) izwi rinoreva uso hunoonekwa kana chiumbwa chine mumhu chachekwa. Chiumbwa chinogona chiri kuchekwa zvichitevedza: mutsetse wakati sambamba nehwaro hwachakagara nacho, mutsetse wakarurama pahwaro, kana mutsetse unoita gonya ripi zvaro pahwaro. 

**Ruvanze rweMucheko** (*Cross-sectional area*) - izwi iri rinotaura kukura kweuso hunoonekwa kana chiumbwa chine mumhu chachekwa. Muzvinyorwa zviri kutevera tichange tichidzidza pamusoro petsazaniso dzekutsvaka kukura kwakaita ruvanze rweMucheko.

## Muenzaniso
Denderende ndicho chiumbwa chemunyonga (uri pamutsendo), unoonekwa panochekwa charaka zvichitevedza mutsendo nenzira inopa munyonga wakavharwa kwese (closed curve). Izvi zvinoreva kuti mutsendo wacho unocheka nenzira yokuti chiumbwa chinosara pachekwa chine munyonga chete pasina mutsetse wakati twasa; mutsendo haucheke hwaro kana chisuvi chiri pacharaka.

Denderedzwa ndicho chiumwa chinowanikwa kana charaka chachekwa zvichitevedza mutsetse wakati sambamba nehwaro hwechakara chakarurama.
Denderedzwa reChiedza

Muzvidzidzo zvinotevera: Taranyika; Kupimanzvimbo; neJekanyika, Denderedzwa reChiedza mutsetse unokamuranisa divi reEarth rine chiedza nedivi rine rima. Pakuzeya kunoita nyika ichiita monerapo kamwe pazuva, hafu yenyika inenge yakatarisa zuva, imwe hafu iri kudivi rakapesana nezuva. Divi rinowana zuva ndiko kunenge kune chiedza, divi rakapesana nezuva ndiko kunenge kune rima.

Tsananguro izere inowanikwa pachinyorwa Mwaka yepaNyika.
Hufombwe

Muchidzidzo chePimanyika, hufombwe, fombwe (Concave) izwi rinotsanangudza chiumbwa chine uso hwakafovera mukati. Mufananidzo ungapiwa imbiya inopakurirwa usavi kana kuti mugero unocherwa pakugadzira gandiwa rinoeredza mvura.

*Difa kana defa (ideophone of 1. Sagging- person or animal, 2. Being concave). 
*-difa (1. Sag -person or animal, 2. Be concave). Vamwe vanoti kukombwera kana yakakombwera.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Kukombweshera, kombwe  kana kukombwera (Be concave in shape). Ana makumbo akakombweshera: he has bow-legs.
*Kukombweshedza (Make to bend, curve, adopt concave shape). Anokombweshedza makumbo pamoto: he sits with the fire between his legs
Hubumbe

Muchidzidzo chePimanyika, hubumbe (convex) izwi rinotsanangudza chiumbwa chine uso hwakabumbira kunze. Mufananidzo ungapiwa kuumbwa kwakaitwa dumbu rakaguta kana kuti dutu revhu rinounganidzwa pakugadzira gandiwa rinoeredza mvura.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*MaZulu vanoti **amangungu** (Curved, convex).
Nhambwe

Nhambwe (Distance) izwi rinotsanangudza kuti nzvimbo iri kure zvakadii kubva kune imwe. Nhambwe inopimwa nechiyero chinonzi mita - (metre).

## Mazwi anodudza nhambwe

**Hurefu** (length) - shoko iri rinoreva kureba kwenzvimbo kana ichipimwa. Kana tiri kuMasvomho, hurefu hunoshandiswa kududza divi rakanyanya kureba kudarika mamwe.

**Hwasha** (width) - shoko iri rinoreva kupamhama kwenzvimbo kana ichipimwa

**Hudzamu** (depth) - shoko rinoreva kudzika kwenzvimbo kana ichipimwa. Shoko iri rinoshandiswa kududza kupimwa kwenhambwe zvichitevedza rudzivo rwekudzika pasi.

**Hukwidza** (height, altitude) - iri shoko rinonyanya kushandiswa kududza kupimwa kwenhambwe zvichitevedza rudzivo rwekuenda mudenga. Somuenzaniso tingataura hukwidza hwendenge iri kubhururuka kana chivakwa chemudurikidzanwa. Mukutaura kwamazuva ose tinoti chinhu chiri pakakwirira kana pakaderera, muzvidzidzo zveScience zvakafanira kuti titaure pamusoro pehukwidza.

Mipimo yose yataurwa pamusoro inoshandisha chiyero chenhambwe chinonzi mita (metre).

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Chinharo kana chinhambo (fairly short distance).
*Mhokore kana teveteve (Place distant in time or space from where one is) apa kureva nzvimbo iri kure nepamunogara. Anogara kumhokore uko: he lives far from here. 
*Mufambo (A walking distance).
*Ruhweva (long distance) apa kureva nhambwe yakareba, iri kurefu, kure.
*Kutsenura (to displace, shove, pass).
*Padyo, pedyo kana pasinde (near or close).

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Shambala vanoti **tambo** (n. journey) kureva rwendo. Mamwe mazwi: **kutamba** (travel).
*BaKalanga vanoti pahwunde (Adv. Near; nearby). BaKalanga vanoti muhwunde (alongside; besides).
*Zigula neTaita vanoti **kutamba** (v. travel; journey). Fananidzai nokuti pane mutambo?
*Luganda inoti **kisera** (space, distance, time) kureva nzvimbo, nhambwe kana nguva. Digo inoti **mwendo** (n. distance) kureva nhambwe.
*Luganda inoti **okutambula** (v. travel) kufamba rwendo. Luganda inoti **omutambuze** (n. traveller) kureva murwendo.
Basa

**Basa**, **BASA** uye **basa** ishoko rinogona kuturukirwa zvinyorwa zviri zasiyo:

## Tsika
*Basa kureva kuva ne usevenzi; "*employment"*

## Sainzi
*Basa kureva chinonzi *Work* muchidzidzo cheFundoyetsimba.
Mabvazuva

**Mabvazuva** (kuChingezi: *East*) kana **kuhutonga** muzvidzidzo zvinotevera: pimanyika; Jekanyika; neTarachisi, idivi kana rudzivo kunobuda nako zuva mangawani ega ega.  Panopimwa gonya rinokwana 180o kubva kuMabvazuva kusvika kuMadokero.

## Horokodzwa

### Mamwe mashandisirwo:

* **[[Mabvirazuva]], uvutongi** - *eastern*
* Chamhembechemabviruva - *south*'eastern***
* [[Maodzanyembaemabvirazuva]] - ''north'''eastern***

### Mamwe mashoko
*Kubuda kwezuva, kuduka kwezuva kana kubangura (sunrise) zvichireva kuyedza kwezuva. 
*Zvichida izwi rokuti kubangura rinokwanisa kushandiswa kuturikira izwi rinoti: **oriental** rinoreva vanhu kana zvine chekuita nekuMabvazuva.
*Iti nzira bangwa - ideophone for following the path closely.

## Mitauro ye Chibantu

*Barotse vanoti **bucabela** kana **upa** (n. east; orient) kureva kumabvazuva. 
*VaTsonga vanoti **vurhonga** (n. east or direction where the sun rises). VaTsonga vanoti **vurhonga** (n. dawn ) kureva mambakwedza.
*Xilenge vanoti **vutonga**  (n. east). VaTonga vanoti **kujwe** (n. east) kureva mabvazuva. VaTakwane vanoti **mpaddi** (n. direction).
*VaDigo vanoti **mlairo we dzuwa** (n. east, direction from which sun rises) zvichireva kumabvazuva
*Lingala inoti **monyele** (n. east) kureva mabvazuva. VaTonga vanoti **pata** (to rise - of the sun) kureva kuyedza kwezuva.
Madokero

**Madokero** (Chingezi: *West*) kana **Mavirira**, muzvidzidzo zvinotevera: pimanyika; Jekanyika; neTarachisi, zvinoreva divi kana rudzivo kunonyura nako zuva manheru ega ega. Panopimwa gonya rinokwana 180o kubva kuMadokero kusvika kuMabvazuva.

### Mamwe mashandisirwo

* **[[Madokeri]], Mavirira** - *western*
* Maodzanyembaemadokero - *north*'west***
* [[Maodzanyembaemadokeri]] - ''north'''western***
* Chamhembechemadokero - *south*'west***
* [[Chamhembechemadokeri]] - ''south'''western***

### Mamwe Mazwi
*Kunhoka (to burn out - of fire).

## Mazwi e Chibantu

*VaMambwe vanoti **wila** (n. nightfall, dusk) zvichireva pakuvira kwezuva. Kikongo vanoti **yila** (to begin to grow dark) vachireva kuvira kwezuva.
*Luwanga vanoti **okhwira** (to become dusk) vachireva kuvira kwezuva. VaTonga vanoti **kumbo** (n. west) zvichireva kumadokero.
*Herero vanoti **toka, tokera** kana **tokerua** (n. sunset; continue till evening; spend the evening or part of the night). **Okutoka** (n. sunset).
*VaSangho vanoti do (n. west; downstream).
Simba

Muchidzidzo Fundoyetsimba, simba (Energy) zvinoreva kupimwa kwehuwandu hwebasa rinotarisirwa kuitwa nemutandira (zvakarongeka) (*system*). Kune marudzi esimba akawanda ose anopimwa nechiyero chinonzi Joule - kunova kuyerwa kwesimba rinenge rashanda kana Fosi ye 1 newton yafamba nhambwe ye 1m ichisunda chinhu. Tsanangudzo yokuti chinonzi gumbapamwe chii iri kutevera mberi.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Kinande vanoti **obutoki** (n. power).
*Chikunda vanoti **mphambvu** (n. power).
*Kikongo vanoti **ngolo** (n. power, force, strength).
Rufangu

**Rufangu** (Acceleration)- iri izwi rinoreva kuchinja kweSpidhi paumwe hwechiyero chenguva. Rufangu rune chiyero (m/s2). Rufangu runowanikwa nekugova spidhi pane nguva.

Tsazaniso inoti Rufangu = (kuchinja kwemuchacha/nguva), (m/s2).

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Barotse vanoti **-fwankula** (to run at full speed) vachireva kumhanya bara rakasimba.
Mutsindo

Muchidzidzo fundoyetsimba, **Mutsindo** (Impact in English) zvinoreva fosi yakakura iri kubata ichisayirira kwekanguva kadikidiki panodhumana mitumbi inokwana miviri kana inodarika. Fosi kana kuti rufangu runobata  nemutowo uyu inokonzera zvikuru kudarika fosi diki iri kubata kwenguva yakareba. Kuti chii chinokonzerwa kuitika zvinoenderana nemuchacha wemitumbi unosangana nawo

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Vatauri veKizigua vanoti **sino** (stomping, trampling of feet, thud) kureva mutsindo.
*VaYao vanoti **usindo** (the sound of walking) kureva mutsindo.
Mutuvi

Muzvidzo zvinotevera Fundoyetsimba neScience, mutuvi (*Liquid*) izita rapiwa kududza chinhu chine kutaridzika kunenge kwemvura inoyerera. Chinhu chine musandu weMutuvi chinoyerera uye chakadirwa mudemhe, chinotora kuumbwa kwakaita demhe iroro zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemutuvi wacho. Muenzaniso wemituvi inosanganisira mvura, mukaka, huchi, peturu, zvichingodaro. 

Iri zita rapiwa richitoredzera mutuvi unova mvura iya inowanikwa kana mukaka wakoresa; apa pari kusiyaniswa mutuvi (*liquid*) nehorakora (*milk solids*).

*Masvumbwi (Full liquid contents).

## Mitauro yeBantu

*MaZulu vanoti **tshekeza** kana **ulutsheke** (1. Molten matter; liquid. 2. Liquid food; gruel). 
*MaZulu vanoti **ulutshoko** (Liquid). Mamwe mazwi: **utshoko lokudla** (liquid food).
Godo

Muzvidzidzo zvinotevera: fundoyetsimba; ne**science**, godo  (solid) izwi rinotsangudza chinhu chakaumbana chisingayerere chingafananidzwa nedombo kana simbi. Takatarisana nemvura tinoona inoita magodo emazaya echando (ice) kana mvura yatondodzwa zviri pasi pe 0 Celsius. Magodo haayerere uye anochengeta kuumbwa kwaakaitwa, pasina kutsindirika kwakanyanya kungaitwa.

### Mamwe Mazwi

*Mazwi okuti mufemu kana femu anenge anoshandiswawo kureva *solid*?
*Gwada (congealed mass).

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaBemba vanoti **kosa** (n. solid, tough, hard) kureva godo. VaBemba vanoti **kosha** (harden) kureva kukukutara.
*MaZulu vanoti **songela** (Get solid, begin to harden; become constipated) kureva kukukutara.
*VaNande vanoti **eriwata** (n. be solid). Mamwe mazwi: **enyúmba yámáwáta** (the house is solid).
Mhanda

**Mhanda** zvinoreva zvirizasiyo.

## Zviumbwa
*Mhanda (chiumbwa) - kureva mhuti wakaumbikwa senge fokoro.

## Mazita
*Mhanda (sezita) - rinoshandiswa zve sezita remhuri.

## Zvimwe
*Mhanda - imhando yemurgwisano futi.
Muchacha

Muchidzidzo fundoyetsimba, Muchacha (*velocity*)- iri izwi rinodudza nhambwe yafambwa nenzira yakatwasuka paumwe hwechiyero chenguva. 

Muchacha une tsazaniso inoti Muchacha = (nhambwe/nguva); uye une chiyero chinonzi *mita pa sekondi* (m/s). 

Muchacha unopimwa kushanduka kwerudzivo zvakare; apa ndipo panosiyana neSpidhi.
Hudaviri

Pakushanda kunoita zvirongwa nemabasa muhushangazhi, hudaviri (responsibility) ishoko rinodudza uyo anotarisirwa kunge  achibvunzwa maererano nekufambiswa kwezvirongwa nemabsa panzvimbo iri kutaurwa nezvayo. Iye mudaviri anokwanisa kunge asiriye anobata zvombo kuita mabasa anofanirwa kuitwa asi ndiye ane chinhanho chekuronga kuti mari nezvombo zvose zvinodiwa kuti basa ribudirire zvivepo.

Munhu ane hudaviri pamusoro pekufambiswa kwezvirongwa nemabasa anofanirwa kunge akapiwa simba rehutongi pamusoro pezvinhu izvi. Kana munhu achinge asina kupiwa hutongi hazvina kufanira kuti ange ariye anobvunzwa pamusoro pekukundika kana kubudirira kwezvirongwa kana mabasa.

## Mamwe Matauriro

Kubvuvana (1. Be burdened, 2. Be responsible) Ndiwe unobvuvana nayo: you are the one burdened by that.

*Mufundisi ndiye ane rudayirira kana takatarisa zvidzidzo nemharidzo dzinoshumairwa paKereke - Pastor is responsible. 

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Kanzuru dzine hudaviri panhau yokusvitsa mvura yakachena mumana mazhinji munogarwa nevanhu.

*Sahomwe ndiye anobvuvana nokuchengeta mari: the treasurer is responsible for keeping the money.
Chidzikwe

Pakushanda kunoita hushangazhi pane mipimo yakatarwa pamitemo yenyika Pasirose kuti ive mipimo yechokwadi inofananidzwa Pasirose. Izvi zvinoitwa kuti pakutengeserana pave nekuwirirana kuti huwandu wezviri kutengeswa hwakakura zvakadii. 

Mipimo yakatarwa iyi inonzi chidzikwe **(Standard kuEnglish)**. Nyika dzose dzinosungirwa kuenzanisa zviyero zvadzo ne**chidzikwe** chakatarwa ne**ISO - International Organisation for Standardisation** rinova sangano rakapiwa hutongi pamusoro pezvidzikwe zvakasiyana-siyana.

Somuenzaniso panopimwa huremu kunoshandiswa chiyero chinonzi kilogram - ichi chiyero chinofanirwa kuenzana munyika dzose.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaVenda vanoti **tshilinganyo** (n. standard). 
*VaVenda vanoti **-linganyisa** (n. standardize).
Bundutso

Bundutso (a benefit, a development, a gain) izwi rinodudza kuti zvinhu zvapfuurira kuenda pari nani, kana kuti zvabuditsa zvibereko zvakatarisirwa.

*Chipundutso (Advantage. Help. Use) zvichireva chigura kana chimuko. 
*Kupundutsa. Izvi hazvina chipundutso: there is no point in doing this. 

Tiine murangariro mumwe chete, mabasa ebudiriro anokwanisawo kunzi mabasa ebundutso kana mabasa ane bundutso.

## Mazwi eBantu

*VaNyungwe vanoti **-pfundira** (n. bud). Mamwe mazwi: **-pfundizira** (n. wrap up) kureva kuputira.
*Kikongo vanoti **bundu** (n. bud, fruit) kureva bukira kana muchero. Kimbundu vanoti bundu (fruit) kureva muchero.
*VaKongo vanoti **bundula** (v. open, unfold, unwrap). Mamwe mazwi: **bunduka** (v.i. to develop, unfurl, unfold, be open - of the mouth).
*VaKongo vanoti **bunda** (1. enshroud, wrap; 2. to combine, put together). 
*Ikizu vanoti **-pundurira** (accomplish one's goal) kureva kuwana bundutso pazvinangwa.
*Shimakonde inoti kupunda (v. to surpass; exceed; surpass). Mamwe mazwi: kupundanyanga (excess; surplus; glut).
Nhika

Muchidzidzo chemasvomhu, nhika imhando yezvinyanye inoreva kushomekesa kunotenderwa pauhwandu hwechinhu chiri kutaurwa nezvacho.

*Zvinyanye (Extrema) - iri shoko rinodudzira panogumira hukuru uye huduku hwemupimo uri kutaurwa nezvawo. Sokuti mvura inowanikwa pakati pezvinyanye zve 0-100o Celsius. Zvinyanye izita rapiwa richitora pakutaura kwemazuva ose patinoti "zvanyanya, zvanyanyisa kana kuti zvakanyanya - kuChirungu vachiti extreme or extremely". Kana totarisa humwe hweZvinyanye tinoti chinyanye (extremum, singular)
*Nharire (Maximum) - iri izita rapiwa kududzira panogumira hukuru hwemupimo uri kutaurwa nezvawo. Sokuti muZimbabwe motokari dzinotenderwa nharire yemuchacha we 120 km/hr pamigwagwa mikuru. Mukutaura kwemazuva ose nharire inzvimbo yakakwirira, paive nemunhu airinda nyika yaShe achitarira kuti kune vavengi vanouya here.
*Nhika (Minimum) - iri izita rapiwa kududzira panogumira huduku hwemupimo uri kutaurwa nezvawo. Sokuti hurumende inoronga kutara mari inotambiriswa vashandi ive panhika ye$150 pamwedzi. Pakutaura kwemazuva ose nhika inzvimbo iri pakadzika tichifananidza nenhraunda yenzvimbo iyoyo.
*Avhareji (Average) - iri izita rapiwa kudzudzira nhamba inowanikwa kana nhamba dziripo dzahwerengedzwa, dzichizogovaniswa nehuwandu hwenhamba dziripo. Sokuti vana vanopedza Chikoro ChePrimary vaine avhareji yemakore 13 ekuberekwa.
*Chiwanza (Mode) - iri zita rapiwa kududzira nhamba inoonekwa zvizhinji paboka renhamba dziri kutaurwa nezvadzo. Sokuti kana tiine boka (set) renhamba dzinotevera: 3,4,6,7,8,9,10,4,11,2,1,4; tinennge toti nhamba 4 ndiwo chiwanza

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Kimbundu vanoti **kateke-teke** (n. minimum).
Mazita eChishona

Mazita eChishona ari pachinyorwa chino mazita ari kushandiswa mazuva ano semazita ekupiwa. Mazita eChishona akawanda nokuti mamwe mazita anopiwa zvichienderana nokuti vabereki kana mhuri iri padanho rakadii muupenyu. Sokuti mhuri yabva mukufirwa inokwanisa kupa mwana azvarwa panguva iyoyo zita rokuti **Munyaradzi** kana kuti **Tanyaradzwa**.

Pachikamu chino hapana kunyorwa mazita emhuri. Mazita ari pano akanyorwa zvichitevedza marongerwo ezviperengo zvemavara nemashoko kana bumbiro re mabhi.

## Chinangwa

Chinangwa chechinyorwa chino ndiko: kudada nerudzi rwedu; chimiro chedu; nekwatinobva, kuita manyawi nemutauro wedu; kutenda nekurumbidza Mwari kuburikudza nemazita edu; tiine tariro yokuti ramangwana redu rinodadisa.

Vamwe vedu vechitema vari kune dzimwe nyika vanopa vana vavo mazita emutauro wavo; ndicho chishuwo chiri pano kuti tipfumbidze nokupemberera rurimi rwedu rwatakapiwa naiye musiki.

Tarisiro ndeyekuti mazita ari pachinyorwa chino achapfuuura 500; pari zvino mazita aripano anodarika 400.

## Mazaita Anodikanwa

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## Z
Hushumiri

Mukushanda kunoita hushangazhi, *hushumiri* (services) chikamu che**Hushangazhi Hwetatu** (Tertiary Industry). Iri iboka reHushangazhi rinoshumira mumabasa akasiyana-siyana; zvibereko zveHushangazhi uhwu hazvisiri zvinhu zvinobatika asi kubatsira: kuwanikwa; kufambiswa; kuchengetedzwa; kushambadzwa; nekutengeswa kwezvinhu zvinobatika. Marudzi *eHushangazhi Hwetatu* anosanganisira maBhangi; Zvitoro; Kufambiswa kwezvinhu pamwe nevanhu; Insurance; mabasa eHurumende, matare emhosva; maHotera; nzvimbo dzemafaro nedzekushanya, zvichingodaro. Iri boka reHushangazhi rine chekuita nekusvitsa *hushumiri* (Service) kuvanhu uye kune mamwe mapoka e*Hushangazhi*.
Chirimo

Chirimo kana ruswiswi (springtime) iyi inguva inotevera chando apo varimi vanotanga kurima minda, miti inotanga kudenhera mashizha matsva.

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Chewa inoti **malimwe** (the dry season from June to September) kureva chirimo.
*Malinke inoti **tilimo** (n. the dry season) kureva chirimo.
*Nyungwe inoti **cirimo** (the dry season, spring) kureva chirimo. VaVenda vanoti **tshilimo** (n summer) vachireva chirimo.
*Kinande inoti **ekirimo** (the period of cultivation) kureva chirimo. VaGanda vanoti **dumbi** (the dry season) kureva chirimo.

## Mamwe mapeji ekutarisa

* Mwaka
* Zhizha
* Matsutso
* Maenza
* Mwaka weChando
Pimagonyonhatu

Muchidzidzo Pimanyika, **pimagonyonhatu** chidzidzo chinoongorora hukama huripo pakati penhambwe dziri pamativi nemagonyo egonyonhatu. Kukura kwakaita gonyo kunodudzwa negovano dzinoti *sine, cosine, uye tangent*

Govano (ratio) izwi rinoreva hukama huripo pakati penhamba mbiri dzine utandu (dimensions) dzakafanana. Govano inonyorwa seizvi (a:b), izvi zvichitiudza kuti nhamba yechipiri inopinda kangani mune yokutanga.

## Rheshiyo dzePimagonyonhatu

Ichi chidzidzo chononzi *trigonometric ratio* ku*English*. Chidzidzo chino chinotaura pamusoro pehukama huripo pakati penhambwe dziri pamativi nemagonyo egonyonhatu. Chikamu ichi tinoshanda negonyonhatu yemutwi tichidzidza nezve rheshiyo dzinoti tangent, sine uye cosine. Rheshiyo idzi dzinoshandiswa kuti tizive mativi uye magonyo ane hukuru hunenge husinga zivikanwe.

Kuti tipinde muchidzidzo cheRheshiyo dzePimagonyonhatu tinotanga tadudza mazita anopiwa kumativi egonyonhatu. Mativi matatu anopiwa mazita zvichibva pakuti tiri kushanda negonyo ripi regonyonhatu. 

* *Divi rakabatana negonyo ratiri kushanda naro rinonzi [[divi remuny'asi]] (adjacent kuEnglish), 
* *Divi rakatarisana negonyo ratiri kushanda naro rinonzi *darisanwa* (opposite kuEnglish) ; iri divi rakaita mutwi nehwaro.
* *Divi guru rine nhambwe yakareba kupfura mamwe rinonzi muzendami (hypotenuse) nokuti rinoita sokunge rakazendamiswa rakatsigirwa kuhwaro nedarisanwa.

[[Sine]] yegonyo iRheshiyo yenhambwe dze[[darisanwa]] ne[[muzendami]]. Sine ine tsazaniso inoti:

*'Sine = *darisanwa/muzendami***

[[Cosine]] yegonyo iRheshiyo yenhambwe dze[[divi remuny'asi]] ne[[muzendami]]. Cosine ine tsazaniso inoti:

**Cosine = *divi remuny'asi/muzendami***

[[Tangent]] yegonyo iRheshiyo yenhambwe dze[[darisanwa]] ne[[divi remuny'asi]]. Tangent ine tsazaniso inoti:

**Tangent = *darisanwa/divi remuny'asi*'

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Nsenga vanoti **paka** (v. be adjacent; adjoin) kureva kupakana. Fananidzai nokuti mupaka.
Guramakonyo

Muchidzidzo chepimanyika, **[[Guramakonyo]]** (Diagonal kuEnglish) izwi rinoreva mutsetse wakati twasa unobva pagonyo uchidanha nemukati megonyozhinji kuenda pane rimwe gonyo. Guramakonyo rinobatanidza makonyo asina kutevedzana chete. 

Kana chiumbwa chiri tsazana, guramakonyo rinobatanidza munzi wepakati (centre) negonyo mbiri dzakatarisana. Zviumbwa zvine mativi anodarika mana zvinoita guramakonyo dzinodarika maviri.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Kudimbira (cross diagonally) zvinoreva kudimbudzira munhu achitora nzira pfupisa - sokuti kana munhu ari kudarika mumunda guramakonyo ndiyo nzira pfupisa. Saka **guramakonyo** tingariti ndiro dimbira.
*dimbi (ideophone of taking a short cut).
*Dimbidza (1. Cause to take a shortcut, 2. Forestall). Akadimbidzira mibvunzo yavo yose nokufanodudzira zvomutero. He forestalled their questions by explaining about the tax.
*Kudimbira (1. Take shortcut, 2. Cross diagonally).
Huremu

Muchidzidzo fundoyetsimba, huremu izwi rinoreva kupimwa kwehuwandu hwesebhe (matter kuEnglish) anoumba chiro (object) chiri kutaurwa nezvacho. Huremu hunopimwa nechiyero chinonzi kilogram.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Kupangamuka kana kupangama (to be bulky) zvinoreva chinhu chine mumhu wakakura, imwe nguva chisina huremu hwakakura.
*Mhizu (ideophone of lifting heavy object).
*Kumhizura (lift heavy object) zvichireva kunyamura kana kusesenya.
*Kumhizudza (cause to lift heavy object).
*Kumhizuka (be able to be lifted - heavy object).
*Kutsikirirana, kuunganira, kumandana (mass together).
*Kudzitsinyira (Exert all one's strength to lift, push, pull, etc. a heavy object). Zvichireva kushandisa simba rako rose uchisunda kana kuzvuva mutoro unorema.

*Dhindishidza (Cause heavy object e.g pumpkin to rebound).
*Kudhindishika (Rebound heavy object).
*dhindishiri kana dindiziri (ideophone of Rebounding slightly - generally heavy object). 
*Kumbindidza (1. Load heavily- kuvivitidza, 2. Transfer heavy weight from one to another. 3. Weigh down - kutsitsa.
*Kumbindika (Be weighed down, oppressed).

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Kimbundu vanoti **munemu** (n. weight). VaKabwa vanoti **obhurito** (n. weight) kureva huremu.
*MaZulu vanoti **ubuzima** (n. Heaviness, weight; importance; difficulty) kureva huremu kana kugozha. 
*VaLozi vanoti **bukiti** (n. heaviness, weight) kureva huremu. VaSwahili vanoti **uzito** (n. weight) kureva huremu. 
*Kikongo neLingala vanoti **kilo** (n. heavy) kureva kuremera. VaKongo vanoti **mfinga** (n. heaviness; weight) vachireva huremu. 
*VaKongo vanoti **ejitu** (n. heaviness, weight, density) kureva huremu. VaMbugwe vanoti **-rito; ndito** (adj. heavy).
*VaNyoro vanoti **obulemezi** kana **bulemezi** (weight) kureva huremu.
Mutoro

Mutoro (burden, load kuEnglish) izwi rinotaura mutsindo wechinhu wakatsigirwa kana kutakurwa pane chivakwa kana chiumbwa. Vamwe vatauri vanoti musengwa kana mutwaro.

Kana uri mutoro wenhumbi dzinotakurwa unonzi mukwende.

Kukwidzika (to load).

## Mitauro ye[[ChiBantu]]

*VaNyungwe  vanoti **mtolo** (n. baggage) kureva mutoro. Mang'anja vanoti **mtolo** (n. a bundle) kureva mutoro.
*MaZulu vanoti **thwala** (v. carry on head, shoulders or hands) kureva kutakura. Zulu inoti **umthwalo** (load, burden). 
*VaTaita vanoti **kutwala** (contain). Kikuyu vanoti **kotwara** (to convey) kureva kutwara.
*VaHerero vanoti **omutuaro** (burden; load). VaHerero vanoti **tuarua** (carried away) kureva kutwarwa.
*VaRwanda vanoti **umutwaro** (burden, load) vachireva mutwaro. VaRwanda vanoti **gutwara** (to carry a load, take away) kureva mutwaro.
*VaYao vanoti **ndundu** (baggage).  VaYao vanoti **katundu** (a small basket ; a small fowl coop).
Masvingo eZimbabwe

**Masvingo eZimbabwe** idongo reguta guru repasichigare renyika yeZimbabwe riripadhuze nedziva reMutirikwe iro raigara vanhu kubva mugore ra 1100 kusvika mugore ra 1450 kubva kuzvagwa kwaJesu Kirisitu avo aive mazuva ekupedzisira kwenguva yokutanga kwekushandiswa kwesimbi muZimbabwe *(late Iron Age)*.

Dzimba dzemabwe kana kuti masvingo ndipo panobva zita renyika yeZimbabwe. Mazimbabwe ayo akavakwa nevaShona anowanikwa kuMasvingo, asiwo nyangwe mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakaita seMutoko. Asi masvingo ari kuMasvingo ndiwo makuru pane ese anowanikwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo.

Mukati neMasvingo aya mune mabwe akadurukidzana kuita rushongwe rusinha charwakatsigira.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Lenje inoti **shinko** (stopper, bung, barrier).
*Kikuyu inoti **rothingo rua nyumba** (n. wall of a house) kureva rusvongo rwemba.
Maturo

Izwi rokuti maturo (making sense) rinoreva tsarukano, musoro, pfungwa, shumo.

Mukutaura kazhinji kunonzi hazvina maturo kureva kuti **It does not make sense**.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaVenda vanoti **shumo** (n. work).
*VaVenda vanoti **mushumo** (n. task; function; duty; job; labour).
Hujoto

Muchidzidzo fundoyetsimba, **hujoto** (temperature) chiyero chinopima kutonhora kana kupisa kuri kuita chiro kana nzvimbo. Hujoto hunodudza kuti chiro chinokwanisa kudziyisa chimwe zvakadii. Sokuti madziya (heat) anoyerera kubva panzvimbo pane **hujoto** hwe 100oCelsius kuenda kune **hujoto** hwe 40oCelsius.

## Zvikero zveHujoto
**Celsius** ndicho chikero chinoshandiswa munyika zhinji kupima hujoto. Chikero ichi chinoura kuti 0oCelsius inowankwa pa**hujoto panogwamba mvura** - *freezing point of water*. kana mvura yasvika pahujoto painofashaira inenge yava pa 100oC.

**Kelvin** ndicho chikero chinoshandiswa zvikurusei kufundoyetsimba; ichi chikero chinoti 0oC = 273,15K. Kuchishandiswa chikero ichi, 0 Kelvins inenge yaenzana ne -273,15K.

**Fahrenheit** ndicho chikero chinoshandiswa kupima hujoto kunyika ye**USA**. Kuchitevedzwa chikero cheFahrenheit, mvura inogwamba pa 32oF ichizofanza pa 212oF.  Kushanduka kwemvura uku kunenge kuchipimwa papuresha yemweya (atmospheric pressure) unoita 101.365kPa. Mvura iri pamusoro pegomo refu inokurumidza kufanza kupfuura iri pasi nokuda kwemusiyano wemutsindo wemweya.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Chinyudza madziya (heat sink).
*Chiposha madziya (heat exchanger).

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Chewa inoti **chitukuta** kana **mtukuta** (n. heat).
*Fwe inoti **mutukuta** (heat) kureva madziya. Kinande vanoti **ekitutu** (n. heat) vachireva madziya.
*Lenje inoti **lumwi** kana **nkasalo** (n. heat). VaMbugwe vanoti **mbiro** (heat) kureva madziya.
Gasi

Gasi (Nge. *gas*) muchidzidzo fundoyetsimba izita rinoreva zvinhu zvinenga mweya watinofema, zvisingabatike, asi zvichigona kunzwika kuti zviripo. **Gasi** imhando yesebhe dzinozivikanwa dzinosanganisira godo ne mutuvi.

Gasi rinotambanuka kuzadza nzvimbo kana rongo rarinenge raiswa, zvakare rinogona kutsindirwa kana puresha yawedzerwa. Izwi rokuti gasi ratorwa kune shoko reChingezi.  Mienzaniso yegasi inosanganidza **oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, hydrogen sulphide** zvichingodaro.

Mweya watinofema wakaumbwa nemagasi anoti: nitrogen; oxygen; carbon dioxide; munyonhi; nemagasi nharangani. Nitrogen ndiyo ins huwandu hwemakumi masere nemapfumbamwe kubva pazana (79%). Oxygen ine 20%, hwemakumi maviri kubva pazana.

Magasi Nharangani anoonekera pakuti haana munhuwi, haana ruvara uye ane hatomu nyaumwe - **monoatomic**. Magasi nharangani anosanganisira: Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe), Radon (Rn). Shoko rokuti **nharangani** rinodudzira chinhu chisingawanikwi nhando - *rare, scarce*.

Mweya wakakomberedza kana mweya wakapoteredza (ambient air) zvinoreva mweya uri munharaunda yakamborerera nzvimbo iri kucherechedzwa.

## Mitauro yeBantu

* Basotho vanoti **moea** (wind,air) kureva mhepo kana mweya.
* Baila vanoti **umwela** (n. air) kureva mhepo kana mweya.

*VaTonga vanoti **ciya** (n. gas) kureva gasi.
Mutsetse

Muchidzidzo Pimanyika, **mutsetse** kana mutaro (straight line) chiro kana kuti chiumbwa chakati twasa chiine mupimo wehurefu asi chisina hwasha uye chisina hudzamu. Mutsetse unoumbwa kana chimiso chafamba nhambwe nerudzivo rumwe rwakati twasa; mutsetse uyu unenge wakareba nhambwe yakaenzana neyafambwa nechimiso chacho.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaChewa vanoti **mpingo** (a line that is vertical or in single file).
*VaChewa vanoti **mpingo** (a line in file, a flock in file, a column).
*VaChewa vanoti **mpambo** (a line that is horizontal or extended; a row of people side by side).
Madziya

Muchidzidzo fundoyetsimba, **madziya** kana dziya (**heat**) zvinoreva mhando yesimba rinoyerera pakati pezviro zviviri zvine hujoto hwakasiyana. 

Madziya anoyerera kubva panzvimbo ine hujoto huri hukuru kuenda kune ine hujoto hudiki. Sokuti madziya anoyerera kubva panzvimbo ine hujoto hwe 100o kuenda kunzvimbo ine hujoto hwe 40o.

Madziya anopimwa nechiyero chinonzi **Joule** chinove chimwechete chinoshandiswa kupima dzimwe mhando dzesimba.

## Tsika

Kana nzvimbo ine kudziya kwakanyanya inonzi ine mbirira, mbiriviri kana kuti chifundi.

*Ndatadza kupinda mumba nokuti mune mbirira.
*Akatadziswa kufema nembirira yesora raitsva.
*Isa mvura pachoto ibve chivhutira - apa kureva - put the water on the fire to take the chill out of it. 

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Diutiu kana matiutiu (Sultry, hot weather). Munhuruka ndopanoita diutiu just before the rains we have sultry weather.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Mang'anja vanoti **chitukuta** (Heat, inside heat - as of house or body) kureva madziya. VaYao vanoti **citukuta** kureva kupisa. 
*Mang'anja vanoti **kutukutira** (to be hot inside or underneath; to boil with the lid on, broil). VaMbugwe vanoti **mbiro** (n. heat).
*VaFwe vanoti **kutukuta** (v. to become warm). Mamwe mazwi: **kutukusa** (vtr. to warm up). **Mutukuta** (n. heat). VaMaconde vanoti **litukuta** (n. heat).
*VaKabwa vanoti **emikama** (n. weather) - mamirire ekunze. MaZulu vanoti **isamvu** ( n. hot, sultry weather - oppressively hot), kupisa kwakanyanyisa.
*VaMambwe vanoti **maziya** (period of heat) vachireva nguva yemadziya. VaGwere vanoti **buyo** ( n. heat, warmth) kureva madziya.
Sinowo

**Chapuku, sinuu** (kureva *snow;* kana futi *ritwa, rithlwa* kubva kumimwe mitauro ye Chibantu) kana **sinowo** kutora izwi reChingezi ne Chibhunu. Muchidzidzo cheTaranyika, sinowo imhando yekuturuka kwemvura inoitika munzvimbo dzinotonhora zvakanyanya. Sinowo zhinji inonaya kunyika dzinotonhora dziri kuYuropu (Rhashiya, Vukireni), Ezhiya, neAmerika Maodzanyemba. Mazaya echando anowanikwawo munzvimbo dzakakwirira zvakanyanya segomo reKilimanjaro kuKenya nekumakomo makuru ari kuChile kuAmerika Chamhembe.

Kazhinji sinowo inoturuka kana kuri kutonhora zviri pa 0 Celsius zvichidzika, panova ndipo panogwamba mvura kuita magodo echando. Sinowo yakareruka pahuremu uye painoungana inosiya tuhomwe twemhepo pakati payo tunova tunoita kuti isarema. Munyika dzinotonhora, kune mhuka dzinohwanda musinowo kana chando chasvika izvi zvichidzivirira kutonhorwa nechando kwakanyanya. Mhuka dzakita setsuro neshiri dzinonzi **Ptarmigan** dzinofukura zvipako zvokuhwanda musinowo; apa sinowo inenge iri kuita se**mashe** ichishanda kudzivira chando zvinoita iye inonzi **insulation** kuChingezi. Mhuka yakahwanda musinowo inodzivirira chando kupfuura iyo iri pamhene inorohwa nemhepo inovhuvhuta.

## Vambo rezita
Chishona hachina izwi rekuti *snow* nekuti vatauri havana kugara munzvimbo ine *snow,* saka mutauro we Chishona unotora shoko kubva kumimwe mitauro. Mazwi anobva kuChingezi ndeekuti *sinoo* kana *sinuu*, asi izwi rinobva kumitauro ye Chibantu nderekuti *ritwa* kana *rithlwa/rithywa* richibva kumitauro iyi: **Iqhwa** muChizulu, **litwa** muChilozi, **lehlwa** muChisutu ne Chitswana.

Zvakanaka kuziva kuti Vashona vanogara padhuze ne Vavhenda, kana Vakalanga vanogona kunge vachishandiswa mazwi avo; kapuku, gambogo kureva *snow*. Shoko rokuti *chapuku* rinogona richibva pamwepo. 

## Nyika dze muAfurika dzine sinoo
Kunyangwe hako kuchisinowa muAfurika, hazviwanzo itika nguva dzakawanda, inyika shoma dzinosinowa muAfurika.

* Vusutu (Resutu)
* Moroko - maodzanyemba e Afurika
* Afurika Chamhembe
** Sutherland
** Cederberg
** Rhodes
** Hogsback
* Tanzania - gomo re Kilimanjaro 
* Vuganda - makomo eRwenzori 
* Kenya - Gomo Kirinyaga
* Itopiya - makomo eSemieni 

## Rumwe ruzivo

### Kurerutsa Mutauro
*Kubvunda, kugwenda kana kungwenda (shake with cold or fear) zvinoreva kudedera nechando kana nokutya.

### Mitauro yemuAfurika
*Lozi inoti **litwa** vachireva sinowo. Lunyoro inoti **birika** vachireva sinowo. Herero inoti **oma-kende** (snow).
*Venda inoti **gambogo** (n. snow. From Afrikaans: **kapok**) vachireva sinowo.
*BaKalanga rokuti kapuku (Snow)  vachireva sinowo. Malinke vanoti **nεzi** (n. snow).
*MaZulu vanoti **Liyakhithika** vachireva kuri kusinowa. Mamwe mazwi: **khithika** (v.intr Snow).
*MaZulu vanoti **ingele** (n. Sleet, snow, biting cold wind) vachireva sinowo kana mhepo inotonhora.

## Mamwe mapeji ekutarisa

* Hwewa
* Hujoto
* Mhepo
* Zaya

## Mabviro eruzivo
Tsivatsaona

Mukushanda kunoita hushangazhi, *Tsivatsaona* chirongwa chinobatsira vemabhizinisi munguva yokunge nzvimbo dzavo dzehushangazhi dzarasikirwa nemari kuburikidza nenjodzi dzinoitika muhushangazhi. Vamabhizinisi vanoripa muripo kuKambani dzeTsivatsaona (Insurance) mwedzi wega-wega; musi unoitika tsaona munzvimbo yehushangazhi, makambani eTsivatsaona anotsiva hukoshi hwechinhu chinenge charasika mutsaona. Izvi zvinobatsira kuti vemabhizinisi vakwanise kudzoka pakushanda zvakare mushure metsaona. Kambani dzeTsivatsaona dzinogamuchira mudeme-mudeme kubva kumabhizinisi akawanda, izvi zvichibatsira kuti pave nehomwe yemari inoshandiswa musi unoitika tsaona kune avo vanenge vakaita mudeme-mudeme.
Gungwa

*<small>Tarisai futi [[Magungwa e pasirose]]</small>*

**Gungwa** (Chirungu: ocean) muchidzidzo taranyika izwi rinoreva nzvimbo dzakakurisa dzinochengeta mitumbi yemvura yakawanda samare, iyi mvura iri mugungwa inowanikwa iine munyu zvokuti hainwike. Magungwa makuru anosanganisira Gungwa reIndiya, Gungwa rePasifiki, ne Gungwa reAtirandiki, Gungwa rekuChamhembe ne Gungwa reAkitiki.

Kana uso hwePasirose hwapimwa panoonekwa kuti chikamu che 71 pazana (71%) chakafukidzwa nemvura yegungwa. 

## Mamwe mashoko

*Chikuva cheGungwa (seabed) - mazwi aya ari kuumbwa pachinyorwa chino kududza pavhu riri pasi pegungwa. Iro izwi rokuti **guva** (floor, dusty sitting place) rinoreva pasi patinotsika kana kugara.
*Menderekedzo, mhendero gombe kana mahombekombe (shore) zvinoreva chikamu chenyika chiri pedyo uye chakabatana negungwa, rwizi kana nyanza.
*Chipforo chegungwa (Seashore, coast) (*Genesis 49:13* Bhaibheri reChindau)
***Muchenga** (Sand, Beach) iri izwi rinoreva jecha kuChichewa asi pano riri kushandiswa kuturikira *beach*. Izwi rokuti rushesha rinoreva jecha, asi pano riri kushandiswa kuturikira chinonzi **beach** kuChirungu nokuti **beach** rinotaurwa pane jecha. Pahombekombe pasina jecha, hapana **beach**. 
*Guva reGungwa (Sea floor) iri izwi riri kushandiswa kuturikira pavhu pasi pegungwa.
*Yesu vakatsiura bhahari rikadzikama pakare pakare - Jesus rebuked the sea and it became calm right away. 
***[[Bhahari]]** (sea) raive shoko rekudhara raishandiswa kumirira rinonzi 'sea' muChirungu.  
*Ruandhle (sea, ocean, marine) ishoko reChindau rinomirira zvose kuti bhahari uye gungwa, asi richange richishandiswazve kumirira chinonzi marini kuChishongrish kutora shoko reChingezi *marine*. 

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Tonga inoti **kunga** (in front of) kureva kuunganidza. VaMaconde vanoti **kukunga** (collect, gather together) vachireva kuunganidza.
***Tonga** inoti **lwanze** kureva gungwa. Mamwe Mazwi: kunga (v. gather) kureva kuungana.
8VaBarawani vanoti **tawala** (ocean;sea) kureva gungwa.
*Lozi inoti **-kunga** (v.t. to gather, to collect, to muster) kureva kukunga. Kikongo inoti **kunga** (v. to gather together).
*Barotse vanoti **-kunga** (v.t. to gather, to collect, to muster). Mamwe Mazwi - kungile, -kungushula** kana **kungushuzi**
*[[Herero]] inoti **oku-vare** (n. ocean;sea) kureva [[gungwa]]. Mamwe mazwi: **omu-vare** (n. sheet of water). [[Hadiyya]] inoti **dambala''' (n. sea, ocean) kureva gungwa.

## Mabviro eruzivo