open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
MUNZVI

Shoko rokuti **MUNZVI** riri kushandiswa pachinyorwa chino kuturikira chinonzi **GPS** kana **Geographic Positioning System** kuEnglish. KuChiShona **GPS** yadudzirwa ichinzi Mutandira Unopangidza Nzvimbo zvichireva gwaro rinoshandiswa kunongedza, nzira dzinosvitsa panzvimbo iri kutsvaga nemutyairi kana munhu ari parwendo.  

Pakutaura muchidimbu mutandira we**GPS** uchanzi MUNZVI, izwi iri richinyorwa nemabhii makuru. Nokumwe kutaura kunoreruka tingati **M**uchina **U**nopangidza **Nzvi**mbo - muchidimbu zita ndiro rimwero rokuti MUNZVI.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Kutyaira muJohannesburg kukektanga kuri nyore kana uchipangidzwa migwagwa neMUNZVI.
Gwara raKurumbi

**Gwara raKurumbi** kana **Gwararakurumbi** (Nge. the Milky Way galaxy) kana **Gwararezhou** zvinoreva muzvcazi we muchadenga unosanganisira Mutandira we Mushana. Gwararakurumbi rinoonekwa rakaita semhute iri muchadenga panguva dzemanheru; kutaridzika semhute uku kunokonzerwa nekuwand kwenyenyedzi dzisingagoni kupatsanurwa paumwe hwadzo neziso basi.

Zita re Chingezi nderekuti 'Gwara romukaka' richibva kumashoko eChiratini *via lactea*, kubva wo kuChigiriki γαλακτικός κύκλος (*galaktikos kýklos*), zvichireva "mukaka denderedzwa." Kubva kuRinopasi, Gwara raKurumbi rinoondeka se gunganidzo re chiwumbiko chinoita se dhiski rinooneka nemukati.

## Zita
Zita rokuti **Gwara raKurumbi** rakavamba kuboka reVashona ratinoti Vakaranga, vaitenda kuti Kurumbi ndiye aive munhu wokutanga. Uyo Kurumbi anonzi akafamba mugwara (kureva nzira) raive muchadenga arioga, apo ndipopakabva zita rokuti Gwara raKurumbi (nge. Path of Kurumbi).

**Gwara reZhou** kana **Gwara reNzou** nderimwe zita rinoreva chinhu chimwechete, muzvcazi watigere isu.

## Chiwumbiko ne nhambwe
Muzvcaci wedu uno fungidzirwa kuva ne nyeredzi dzinosvika mazana matatu e bhiriyoni (300 bhiriyoni). Rinoratidzika se ndiro ye chiwumbiko chezononoko. Gurapakati re ndiro maawunzi e zviuru zana (maawunzi 100,000) uye nekukora kwe maawunzi ezviuru zvitatu (maawunzi 3,000).

Muzvcazi uri pedyo chaizvo rinonzi Andyomedha (kana Andhlomedha) nhambwe re mamiriyoni emakore echiedza mbiri-shanu (makore echiedza 2.5 miriyoni).

Pasingasangisirwe zvindeya zve Zuva redu uye Muzvcazi re Andyomedha (rinoratidzi se nyeredzi imwe), nyeredzi dzese dzinenge Zuva redu, zvichireva kuti, dzinenge mburungwa huru re gasi rinogotesa.

## Maratidziko aGwara raKurumbi kubva ku Rinopasi
Nyeredzi dzese dzatinoona nemaziso edu ndedze chikamu che Gwara raKurumbi. Zvichienderana ne dhigiri re rima tinogona kuona nyeredzi dzinosvika pakati pe zviuru zvitatu (3,000) uye zviuru zvinhanhatu (6,000) tisina rubatsiro kubva kuchiringakure. 

## Mitauro ye Chibantu

*VaVenda vanoti **mulalavhungu** (n. Milky Way) kureva Gwara raKurumbi.
*VaWabo vanoti **nikwala** kana **makwala** (n. milky way) kureva Gwara raKurumbi.
*VaNande vanoti **ekilú̧mbi** kana **omulumbi** (n. fog) kureva mhute.
Kutambanura (nhamba)

Muchidzidzo masvomhu, **kutambanura** (Exponentiation in English) chiitiko chinonyorwa sezvizvi, **''b''<sup>''n''</sup>**, chinotora nhamba mbiri, hwaro **b** ne mutambanuri (kana munongedzo) **n**. Kana *n* ari nhamba izere uye ari nhamba yakakura kudarika zero, kutambanura kwakafanana nokupamha kuwanza. Izvi zvinonyorwa sezvizvi:

:b^n = \underbrace{b \times \cdots \times b}_n,

zvinoda kunofanana ne kuwanza kunova kunodzokorora kukumbanidza:

:b \times n = \underbrace{b + \cdots + b}_n.

**Kurerutsa Mutauro**

Zvakakosha kuti pave nekuturikirwa kwemazwi anoshandiswa kuEnglish kuti kutaura kureruke sezvizvi:

**5th power of 10* tinenge toti **pawa rechishanu ra gumi**.

**2 exponent 5* anenge onzi *mbiri no[[munongedzo_(mutambanuri)|munongedzo]] shanu*.

**b raised to the power n* inoturikirwa ichinzi **b achitambanurwa nepawa n**.

*10 to the third power inonzi *gumi kupawa rechitatu*. 

## Tsika

Mukutaura kwemazuva ose kutambanura zvinoreva kurebesa tambo nenzira yokubhedhenura kana kumononora - *(uncoil)*.

Shoko rokuti kutambanura **(hold out hand; open out roll)** rinoreva kutambanudza ruwoko kana kupetenura chinhu chakapetwa, izvi zvoita kuti hukuru hwacho huwonekwe.

Kutambanura (to stretch out thing that is folded) zvichireva kubhedhenura chiro chakapetwa. Apa zvoreva kuti chinotambanuka hukuru hwacho hunobva hwanatsa kuonekwa.

*Kudandamudza (Cause to enlarge or extend). 
*Kudandamuka, kudandamura kana kudandamutsa (Stretch out what was coiled - e.g. rope).
Kutambanura

Kutambanura (hold out hand) zvichireva kutambanudza ruwoko ruchiunzwa pamberi, pemunhu.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Kikongo vanoti **tamba** (extend the hand or arm, to hold out in the hand, offer, reach out, show, hold out to, extend).
*Vanotaura Kikongo vanoti **tambika** (v. offer).
*Sangho vanoti dambalo (n. expansion) kureva kutambanuka.
Mbariro dzeTaranyika

Muzvidzidzo zvinotevera: Taranyika; Jekanyika, nePimanzvimbo -  Mbariro dzeTaranyika, (Latitude) mitsetse inobatanidza nzvimbo dzine nhambwe yegonyo yakaenzana kana gonyo richipimwa kubva paMuenzanisi zvichienda kuMaodzanyemba kana kuChamhembe kweMuenzanisi. 

Rumbariro runoverengwa zvichibva paMuenzanisi uyo unopiwa nhamba 0o. Nhamba yerumbariro inokwira zvichienda kuNorth pole - nhamba dzichipiwa vara (+), kudzamara dzasvika pa +90o. Nhamba yerumbariro inodzika zvichenda kuSouth pole, nhamba dzichipiwa vara (-), kudzamara dzasvika pa -90o. Izvi zvinoreva kuti latitude 20o iri kuMaodzanyemba kweMuenzanisi; rumbariro -30o kana kuti 30oS iri kuChamhembe kweMuenzanisi. Mepu inotaridza mitsetse yelatitude ichibva kamadokero kuenda kumabvazuva.

Zvizere zvinotsanangura kukosha kwerumbariro zvinowanikwa pachinyorwa Mwaka yepaNyika.
Nokumwe kutaura tingaturikira tichiti runera kana kuti muyeramwaka. Gonga rekuChamhembe riri parumbariro 90oS.
Mitemo yaNewton paMuhambo

Muchidzidzo fundoyetsimba, Mitemo yaNewton paMuhambo inotsanangura hukama huripo pakati pefosi dziri kubata mutumbi nekuhamba (motion) kwemutumbi kunokonzerwa nefosi idzi. Kwemazana emakore hukama uhwu hwakataurwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana; Isaac Newton akazonyora **mitemo yemuhambo yaNewton** inotaura sezvizvi:

***Mutemo wekutanga**: Pachinge pasina fosi yekunze inotsimbira, mitumbi yose inoramba iri pakuzorora, kana pamuhambo usingashanduke unotevedza gwara rakatwasuka. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mutumbi wakazorora unoramba wakazorora kusvika watekenyewa nefosi rokunze risina rimwe fosi rinorigadadza. Zvakare mutumbi uri kuhamba unoramba uri kuhamba nespidhi imwechete uye rudzivo rusingachinje kusvika apo unotekenyewa nefosi rokunze risina rimwe fosi rinorigadadza. Uyu mutemo unotaura pamusoro pechinepfu.

***Mitemo wechipiri**: Apo mutumbi unohamba, rufangu rwacho **a** rwunotevedza divi rwakati sambamba nefosi iri kutekenya; rufangu nefosi zvine rupandavaro rwakadondeka uye rufangu nehuremu zvine rupandavaro rwakakondeka. Izvi zvinoreva kuti rufangu rwunokwira panokwira fosi uye rufangu rwunodzika panokwira huremu. Mutemo wechipiri uyu unonyorwa netsazaniso inotevera **F = m.a**

## Mutemo wechitatu

*Pose pane fosi inopinga panoita fosi inopingura;  mafosi maviri aya akaenzana uye akadzivana.
*Pose pane chinobinga panoita chinopingura;  izvi zviviri aya akaenzana uye zvakadzivana.

Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana mitumbi miviri ichisundana kana kudhonzana, fosi inopinga yakaenzana nefosi inopingura asi fosi idzi dzichinongedza mativi akapesana.

Mitemo iyi yakadhindwa mubhuku rakabuda mugore 1687.  

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Fosi inopinga ndiyo inonzi **acting force** kuEnglish kureva racho fosi ratanga kusunda kana kuzvuva. 
*Fosi inopingura  ndiyo inonzi **reactive force** kuEnglish kureva fosi rinopikisana nefosi ratanga kumutsa rinosunda kana kuzvuva.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaNdau vanoti kupingura  (interject to correct, reply) vachireva kupindura.
*Vatauri veUmbundu vanoti **pinga** (ask) kureva kubvunza.
Spidhi yepaGonyo

**Spidhi yepaGonyo** (angular velocity) unotaurwa kana chinhu chiri kutenderera pamunyonga kana kuti pachikamu chedenderedzwa. Pakadai chiumbwa ichi chinenge chisingatize kubva pakati pedenderedzwa panova ndipo pane akiso yekutenderera. Saka muchacha wepa gonya unokwanisa kupimwa kuchitevedzwa kuti chatenderera gonya rakakura zvakadii. 

Muchacha pima negonya unopimwa nechiyero chinonzi radian pa mineti uye unonyorwa uchiratidzwa nevara rinoti  omega (**ω**, kana kuti **Ω**).

## Kujekesa

**Spidhi yepaGonyo** unoshandiswa kunyanya panotaurwa kuti muchina inotendera pamutanda weakiso inomhanya zvakadini. Michina iyi inosanganisira: injini, gwenya, vhiri nemimwewo.

Somuenzaniso kana injini ichimhanya kunotaurwa **Spidhi yepaGonyo** yeinjini unopimwa nechiyero chinonzi dendera pa mineti. Injini inokwanisa kumhanya nemuchacha wepa gonya unosvika 2000 dendera pa mineti kana kuti 2000 revs per minute. Zvakakosha tionesane kuti dendera roga-roga rinomirira 360o, saka dendera pacharowo rinopima gonya.
Mitambariko yeTaranyika

Muzvidzidzo zvinotevera: Jekanyika; Taranyika nepimanyika, Mitambariko (Longitude) mitsetse inobatanidza nzvimbo dzine nhambwe yegonyo yakaenzana kana gonyo richipimwa kubva paPrime (Greenwich) zvichienda kuMabvazuva kana kuMadokero ePrime Meridian. Pahumwe tochiti Mutambariko.

Mitambariko inoverengwa ichibva paPrime Meridian iyo inopiwa nhamba 0o. Nhamba yemitambariko yeTaranyika inokwira zvichienda kuMabvazuva - nhamba dzichipiwa vara (+), kudzamara dzasvika pa +180o. Nhamba yeMitambariko inodzika zvichenda kuMadokero, nhamba dzichipiwa vara (-), kudzamara dzasvika pa -180o. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mutambariko weTaranyika +20o huri kuMabvazuva kwePrime Meridian; mutambariko weTaranyika -30o huri kuMadokero kwePrime Meridian.

Mitambariko yeTaranyika inobatanidza gonga remaodzanyemba negonga rechamhembe. Nzvimbo dzose dziri paMitambariko imwe dzinenge dziri panhamba yemutambariko weTaranyika yakaenzana.

## Kujekesa

Mitambariko yeTaranyika inoverengwa iri 0-180oE tichienda kuMabvazuva uye 0-180oW tichienda kuMadokero. Zvinoreva kuti gonyo reMitambariko yeTaranyika dzinohwerengedzwa kusvika pa360o. Taona zvakare kuti nyika inoziririka kutenderera kamwe pamahawa 24h - mahawa 24h anoenderana ne 360o. Panofambwa 15o yoga-yoga nguva inochinja nehawa imwe (1h). 

Nyika yeZimbabwe iri murumana rwemutambariko weTaranyika (longitude) +30oE. Pose panoshanduka mutambariko weTaranyika ne 15o, nguva inoshanduka awa rimwe (1h). Nokudaro Zimbabwe inopiwa nguva yakawedzerwa 2h (awa 2) zvichienzaniswa nenguva iri paPrime Meridian. Somuenzaniso kana nguva iri paPrime Meridian iri pa 06:00hrs, nguva yeZimbabwe inenge iri pa 08:00hrs. Nguva iri paPrime Meridian inonzi Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). Nokumwe kutaura nguva yeZimbabwe inodanwa ichinzi GMT + 2hrs.

Zvizhinji zvinotsangura kushanda kwemitambariko yeTaranyika zvinowanikwa pachinyorwa Mwaka yepaNyika.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Mang'anja vanoti **kutantalika** (be stretched across, to lie across, stretching form one side to the other).
*Mang'anja vanoti **mtanto** (a tree laid across a stream as a bridge).
*Mang'anja vanoti **kutanta** (to cross along upon anything stretched across) kureva kuyambuka uchishandisa chinhu chakatandarika mhiri nemhiri.
Dofo

*Dofo kana matofo (Mentally retarded person) zvichireva munhu ane pfungwa dzakaremara. Vamwe vatauri vanoti pfeya, rema. 
*Dofo (Soft, fertile vlei soil) zvichireva ivhu rakapfava rine mutsakwani.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*MaZulu vanoti **tofo** (ideophone of downy softness) inyaudzosingwi inodudza kupfava semakushe eshiri.
*MaZulu vanoti **tofoza** (v. Feel a soft, downy surface). Mamwe mazwi: **pass. tofozwa ; neut. tofozeka ; ap. tofozela ; caus. tofozisa**.
Gwatinyanya villagw

**Musha uri mudunhu rekwa chivi pedyo ne Befura primary school
Pedyo ne rwizi tokwe (tugwi).
Comecial activities
Farming-animal husbandry 
Gwatinyanya is located on the east of Madan'ombe high school
Misha
**Gwatinyanya family (renias.paradzai.mdusvu.....
-mauto family . (Sfiso, masocha, hlomai, Humphrey, tanyaradzwa .farai, takunda.. ..
-bere family (terence , tafadzwa...
-mabika family (faith, sharon, illet, Connie, jabson , ...
-chingorongori (john.....
Idzi ndidzo dzimwe dzemhuri dziri ma Gwatinyanya
...oral direction from mainroad.....
Take the Befura road .
At mhonde (shops) take a right handside exit to the village residence

Crime rate ....0%
Vandalisation of natur. ....normal
Estimated population.....^250 
"                    "         animals. .....uncertain
## Heading text
Seasonal droughts affect the annual agricultural outcome of this village
:co operative irrigation schemes from the Befura supply with the
Vegetables and water for livestock  


Example
Example.jpg|Caption2

Uploaded by r.t.mauto Small text
Shava Mufakose

**Shava Mufakose**

Maita Shava,
Maita Mufakose, vokwaNyamhangambiri.
Maita Chidavarume,
,
Pavakadzi pasina anovakunda.
Maita mwana waHwata,
Mukonde wangu yuyu,
Maita veGomba vakabva kwaNyashanu,
Mwana waShirichirima,
Ano mutsa nengoni,
Akaitira ngoni vakanga vatandwa,
Akavadzorera muShavarunzwe,
Maita vokwaSadzadete,
Gobvu rinokonza chitsi,
Maita Gurudza vokwatsangadzi
Isakacherwa ikapera,
Maita Nhuka yangu yiyi,
Matuka, mhofu yomukono.
Kudya mhofu kudya munyepfu,
Kudya bvupa meno omokotoka.
Aiwa zvaonekwa Shava yangu yiyi,
Tatenda mwana waHwata.
Shava Mutenhesenwa

Shava Mutenhesanwa

Maita Mutenhesanwa,

Shava yangu yiyi,

Zvaitwa mwana waChiweshe,

Mugova wakarasika,

Mutsika pane mbiri,

Mhandamakan'a,

Marambakukundwa,

VokwaMutovamombe,

Makatova mombe neshamhu ikamuka.

Hekani Masvinga,

Dzvangaranga,

Venzanga chena,

VaChimbare, Chidavarume.

Maita Nhuka, Mhukahuru,

Maita VaShava,

VeGumbakumba,

Vepfupa gobvu.

Maita Shava, Mukonde wangu yuyu,

Mwana waMbiru wakabva Rwira,

Maita vokwaSadzadete,

Gobvu rinodzipa mwana.

Aiwa zvaonekwa Nechombo

Mwana wachiweshe.amen
Shava Mazarura

Shava Mazarura

Maita Shava,

Mazarura,

Mwana waRwizi mukonde,

VeMadzure,

Muti mutema Chitungwiza,

Maita Mazarura,

Mukombe wendye,

Vokwanyangenyange,

Vakanyanga churu namate,

VokwaMuchenje wachuru,

Vari Madzure mukonde,

Aiwa zvaitwa Mazarura,

Mwana waRwizi
Shava Mwendamberi

Shava Mwendamberi

Maita Shava, Mwendamberi.

Mhofu yomukono,

Maita vokwaGwenzi rakaviga mambo,

VeChitemberere.

Maita Mvurayadzongwa

Matangakunwa, Shava yangu yiyi,

Varishure vanomwa mabvondwe,

Isu vemberi tichinwa tsvene,

Nyahunzvi, Shava yangu yiyi,

Zvaitwa vari Tsonzo,

Vana vaChikonochengwe

VokwaZongororo kunava,

Ariona ragonya hunzi rafa,

Zvaitwa vaChitemberere,

Vaera Mhofu,

VokwaMazurukuwanda,karimugungwa,

Maita VaKarimudunhu uchizvinzwira.

Zvaitwa VaShava vana vaChivero,

Aiwa zvaonekwa Mwendamberi.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*BaKalanga vanoti **ma enda-mbeli** (first fruits; corn that ripens before the rest of the harvest; poor quality of sorghum).
 Shava is not Mwendamberi. This chidawo is being abused. The only Muendamberi/ Mwendamberi is Nondo of Chief Chirau,
Shava Mvuramavi

Shava Vhuramavi

Zuruvi, Vhuramavi,

VaSeke Mukonde,

VaVhanganyama,

Vakavhanga nyama nohwahwa.

Maita VaSeke,

Chikove,

Chidziva china masahwa,

Maita waZengeza,

Vokwa Sadzadete,

Gobvu rinokonza chitsi.

Zvaitwa Chinerembe,

Evo Masvinga, Ziwewera,

VokwaMuchenje, vokwaMunakirapasi,

Maita zvenyu Zuruvi.

Kuziva zvenyu vari Nharira,

Tinotenda vari Zvipindu,

VaHarava vokwaSeke,

Vari Rare,

Aiwa zvaitwa Vhuramavi.
Chihera

Chihera

Ana Chihera vakadzi vanoyera Mhofu. Kana kuti ihanzvadzi dzevana Museyamwa. Vana Chihera vanozivikanwa ne rudo ra vanarwo nevanhu.Pavano detemberwa vanonzi Mbiru, Mbiru zvichireva kuti mapango anomisa imba. Kana uchitenda Chihera unotenda uchiti.

MAITA VACHIHERA CHIEDZA
Kuyambuka rwizi mvura yakwira makomo
Totenda voMuchimbare, veGuruuswa
Vane nzangachena kunge mwedzi wejenachena
Kuziva zvenyu VaShava Mukonde, vari Gombe
Zvaonekwa vahombarume, zvaitwa Mbiru

Aiwa, zvaonekwa Sarirambi, zvaiitwa Nyashanu.

Aiwa vane pamuromo pasina shoko risina maturo, vane shoko rinobanda kunge mvura yechando.

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Herero inoti oty'era (v. show splendour).
Nhangande yeMushonga

Mazwi okuti nhangande dzemushonga (Chemical Elements) ari kushandiswa pano kutaura zviro zvokutanga zvinovambwa nazvo kusati kwaendwa kune zvikuru zvinozotevera. Muchidzidzo chemishonga kusanganiswa kwenhanga dzinonzi carbon nehydrogen unoumba misakwa inoti methane, ethane, propane nezvimwewo. Pahumwe kunonzi nhangande.

Nhangande yemushonga ine rudzi rumwe rwehatomu. Mhando dzehatomu dzichitsauraniswa nenhamba yehatomu iyo inotaura huwandu hweproton mushomwe yehatomu. Kune nhangande zana negumi rine nomwe (118) dzine mazita anozivikanwa. Panhangande idzi, kune nhanga makumi mapfumbamwe nenomwe (98) dzinowanikwa muzvisikwa zviripo Pasirose, nemakumi manomwe enhangande dzakatsigama, nedzimwewo dzinobvurunuka dzichiwumbuka kuita nhanga dzakareruka.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*The elements that cause a fire are heat, oxygen and fuel. Nhangande dzinokonzera kuvamba kwemoto ndedzinoti: madziya, oxygen, zvinobvira.
*Chapotera cheNhangande Dzakadevana - Periodic Table of Elements.
Denha

Denha (Provoke, Challenge, Defy).

*Kwakadenhanwa muromo saka havasi kufambidzana mazuvano.
*Nhasi uno ndinoda kukudenhai panhau yekuvamba mabhindauko anopa mari mudunhu rino.
Derera

Derera (1. Move straight downwards 2. Lower. 3. Lessen. 4. Humiliate). 

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Deredza tambo: let the rope down. 
*Roora ngarideredzwe: roora should be decreased.
*Mutengo wefodya wakaderera.
*Kana mukara achikarara, derera zvako: when an elder gives you instructions, humble yourself.
*Chadereka sezita remhuri.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaZigula vanoti **kusereza** (lower, take down) kureva kuderedza.
*VaZigula vanoti **kuserezwa** (be lowered, be taken down) kureva kuderedzwa.
Mhiribidi

*Mhiribidi sezita (family name).
*Mhiribidi pamuteyo (Frantic struggle e.g. of anirnal caught in trap).

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Sangho vanoti bira (n. struggle).
*Sangho vanoti biringi (v. roll, rotate).
Thomas Mapfumo

Thomas Mapfumo (Akazvarwa 3, Chikunguru 1945) muimbi wemuZimbabwe anoimba musambo wenziyo unonzi Chimurenga. Anozivikanwa mune zvimwe zvikwata nezita rekuti ‘ *The Lion Of  Zimbabwe*’ , kumwewo, anorehwa achinzi VaMukanya. Mapfumo ndiye akatanga zvekuimba nziyo dzeChimurenga muZimbabwe, iye nechikwata chake chevaimbi ‘*The Black  People Sound’ .*  Mapfumo akambosungwa nehurumende yeZimbabwe ichirikunzi Rhodesia, akazopesana zve nehurumende yaVaMugabe vachirikutonga ZANU PF.  Zvadaro,  Mapfumo akafunga  mhiri kwemakungwa, akanogara kuUnited States kwemakore makumi maviri, ndikokuzodzoka muna Kubvumbi gore ra2018.

## Nhoroondo Youpenyu
Mapfumo akazvarwa mugore ra1945 kuMarondera, Mashonaland East, mudhuze neHarare. Asi hazvo, mazuva iwayo, yainzi Marandellas, Zimbabwe ichirikutongwa neGreat Britain nezita reSouthern Rhodesia. Thomas Mapfumo akakurira kumusha, akazotama nemhuri yake mugore ra1955, aine makore makumi, kuzogara kuMbare, nharaunda yemuHarare inozivikanwa nezvakawanda-wanda.Uku ndikokwaaka dzidza zvenhapitapi, kunyanya mishandiso yengoma nembira munziyo. Mbira midziyo inodiwa nevakawanda vekuZimbabwe.

## Nziyo dzaMapfumo

*Kuyaura kwavasina musha.m
*Corruption in the Society.
*MaDhebhura
*Bhutsu Mutandarika.

## Kurerurtsa Mutauro

*Kuyaura (to seek help; be in need)

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Mang'anja vanoti **kutantalika** (stretched across, lie across, stretching form one side to the other). Mamwe mazwi: **mtanto** (a tree laid across a stream as a bridge). 
*Mang'anja vanoti **kutanta** (to cross along upon anything stretched across) kureva kuyambuka uchishandisa chinhu chakatandarika mhiri nemhiri.
*Luwanga vanoti **okhwiyaula** (v. separate oneself). Mamwe mazwi: **omwaukho** (n. separation; partition; sect). **Omwaule** (n. chosen one; one elected, ordained, set aside).
Gutse reVarapwa

Mazwi ekuti Gutse reVarapwa ari kushandiswa pano kuturikira chinonzi **Medical Aid Society or Medical Insurance** kuEnglish. Nokumwe kutaura tinokwanisa kuti Nzanga yeChikutse cheVarapwa. 

Duramazwi rinoturikira izwi rokuti Society richiti Nzanga. Mhando dzeNzanga idzi dziri boka revarapwa vanokutsirana kuripa mari inodiwa kuti nhengo yeNzanga inenge yarwara kana kurwarirwa iwane rubatsiro rweVarapi. Mazwi okuti chikutse kana kukutsira tinoanzwa kazhinji kana vanhu vaviri kudarika vakabatsirana kurwisa munhu mumwe anonetsa kukurira wamurwisa uri wega. Aya ndiwo mashandiro anoita Gutse reVarapwa pakuti mwedzi uchipera nhengo dzeGutse dzinoripa mari inopinda muguvi remari inozoshandiswa kana imwe nhengo yarwara kana kurwarirwa.

Kune mitemo inotevedzwa inotaura kuti guvi remari iyi rinoshandiswa sei. Nzanga zhinji dzinoripa chikamu chemari yekurapa nhengo dzarwara; imwe mari yasara inoripwa nomurapwa.
Chiparadenda

Mazwi anoti, chiparadenda kana chibaradenda (pathogen) - apa kureva chacho chinokonzera chirwere chingava bhakitiriya kana vhairasi.

*Nyaruparadenda (pathologist) kureva munhu anoshanda nezviparadenda
Mipanda yeRopa

Vanhu tine ropa rakasiyana. Nyanzvi dzehurapi dzakawongorora ropa nokurironga muMipanda yeRopa zvichienderana nokusiyana kwarakaita.

### Dandira reMipanda ABO

Ropa rinowanikwa mumipanda inonzi Mupanda A, Mupanda B, Mupanda AB neMupanda O. Mipanda yeRopa inotevedza madzivaureya  **(antibodies)** anowanikwa mumutuvi weropa uye mabaraureya **(antigens)** anowanikwa padeko renyere tsvuku dzeropa - **red blood cells**. Mhasa iri kurudyi iyo inotaridza mipanda yeropa saizvozvi - kuronga uku kunotevedza Dandira reMipanda ABO rakaitwa nemuJudah ainzi Karl Landsteiner. Kune dzimwe nzira dzokuronga nadzo Mipanda yeRopa dzinoshandisa maDandira akasiyana.

Vanhu vane ropa reMupanda O vanokwanisa kupa nyere tsvuku dzeropa kuvanhu vamwe vose. Nokudaro mupanda O unodanwa kunzi mupi wedekeshera - universal donor. Vanhu vane ropa remupanda AB vanokwanosa kugashira nyere tsvuku dzeropa kubva kuvanhu vose. Nokudaro mupanda AB unodanwa kunzi mugashiri wedekeshera - universal recipient.  Pano izwi rokuti dekeshera riri kushandiswa kuturikira chinonzi **multitude** kana **universal** kuEnglish - vamwe vatauri vangati dekeshera.   Izwi rokuti nyere riri kushandiawa kuturikira chinonzi **cell**.

### Dzivaureya

Mazwi anoti dzivaureya  kana mhikisaureya ari kushandiswa pano kuturikira chinonzi **antibody** kuEnglish – apa kureva murimo uri mumuviri unoshanda basa rekurwisa kareya kose kapinda mumuviri. Chinongo kana kareya takatarisana nehurapi chinenge chiri chiro chisina kunakira muviri: ichi chingava chinokonzera hurwere; kusashanda nemazvo kwenhengo dzemuviri kana kuti chiro chisina kugona kuzivikanwa nomuviri. Chinongo kana kareya zvinoreva **blemish or flaw** kuEnglish. Kuwanda kwemazwi asarudzwa kududzira **antibody** inzira yokubvuma kuti pachiri kutsvagwa izwi chairo rakafanira, rinova ndiro richazopfumbira.
Baraureya

Mazwi okuti mabaraureya kana baraureya ari kushandiswa pano kuturikira chinonzi antigen kuEnglish chinova chiro chinokonzera kuti muviri uburitse mhando yemurimo unonzi dzivaureya – **antibody**.

### Kupiwa kweZita

Chivakashure chokuti **ureya** chiri kutodzaniswa nezwi rinoti kareya (blemish, flaw) rinoreva chiro chinonyangadza kana kushatisa panhu - takanangana nehurapi chinenge chiri chinhu chinokanganisa hutano hwemuviri kana chapinda. Chivakamberi chokuti **bara-** chiri kutodzaniswa nezwi rinoti Kupara (Set-up, Establish, Found) rinoreva kuvamba knap kudzika sangano, nzanga kana Kereke. Takanangana nehurapi baraureya ndicho chipenyu chiri kukonzeresa kuti muviri uburitse madzivaureya – **antibodies**. Apa kureva kuti baraureya riri kudenha kubuda kwedzivaureya.

Vamwe vangada kuturikira vachiti baradzivaureya kureva icho chinodenha kubuditswa kwemurimo unonzi **antibody** kuEnglish.

### Mamwe Mazwi

Barandemo,  kana barandemeredzi riri kuturikira chinonzi **immunogen** kuEnglish - pahuwandu toti mabarandemo kana mabarandemeredzi.
Nyere (Dzezvipenyu)

Nhengo dzose dzezvinhu zvinorarama dzakaumbwa ne**nyere** (cells) dzinova ndidzo zvikamu zvidukusa zvinokwanisa kuita mabasa anoraramisa zvinhu zvipenyu. Kune marudzi akawanda e**nyere** ane mabasa akasiyana uye zvimiro zvakasiyana. 

**Nyere** dzinonyanya kutaurwa inyerehadzi nenyererume dzemhuka kana madzinde. Mudzimai paanobata pamuviri nyererume inowanikwa muhuronyo inenge yabatana nenyerekadzi inosvinwa kubva kumunhukadzi kamwe pamwedzi. Panonyengana nyere mbiri idzi ndipo panovamba hupenyu hwemunhu muchibereko chemunhukadzi. Mururimi rweChiShona chipenyu chinoumbwa panobatana nyere mbiri idzi tichati chinonzi chipandamwana **zygote**.

Shoko rokuti Nyere rinowanikwa panotaurwa chizinga chinorongerwa huchi nenyuchi - **cell of a honeycomb**. Chizinga chehuchi chine nyere dzine chiumbiko chakaita gonyanhanhatu **(hexagon)**. Kuumbwa kwakaitwa chizinga nekubatana kwenyere dziri pachiri kunoda kufanana nekuumbwa kwakaitwa nhengo dzemuviri dzichibatanidza nyere dzakatsaukana. 

### Mamwe Mazwi

*Shomwe yeNyere (Cell Nucleus).

*Tsatsimuvara (Chromosomes). Izwi iri rakaumbwa nezvikamu zviviri zvinoti **tsatsi**  uye muvara. Izwi rokuti **tsatsi** (small buch) rinoreva katsumbu kadiki kakadai semaruva.  Izwi rokuti **muvara** (dye, colour) rinoreva rudzi rweruvara. Nyanzvi dzeHurapi dzinoshandisa mukando (dye) wemhando dzakasiyana kuti dzikwanise kutsauranisa nhengo dzemuviri nechinangwa chokuziva nhengo dzine hutano nedzisina. Zvakaonekwa kuti tsatsimuvara dzinokasira kugashira nokunwira mhando dzemikando inoshandiswa ku**Laboratory** - ndiko kusaka zita iri rakapiwa. Izwi rokuti **Chromosome** rakaumwa nezvikamu zviviri zvinoti: chroma (kureva colour) uye soma (kureva body) - tabatanidza zvodudza *coloured body*.

*Matumbwa (genes) iri shoko riri kushandiswa kufanoturikira chinonzi **genes** kuEnglish. Mbara  inhengo dzinowanikwa pa**shomwe yenyere**, dziri idzo dzinotakura kana kupirikira nhaka yemuropa raBaba naAmai vemunhu.
Muviri

Muviri, muiri kana mwiri (n. body) zvinoreva bumburu rinobatanidza nhengo dzose dzakaumba munhu zvichibva kumusoro kusvika kutsoka nezvose zviri pakati nemukati. Toti musikana uyo ane muviri wakakobvuka kana mukomana uyo ane muviri wakateteka.

## Mazwi ari Pedyo

*Pamuviri (pregnancy).
*Kuirikidza (v. to add to).

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Makhuwa inoti irutu (body) kureva muviri. Herero inoti oru-tu (n. Body) kureva muviri. Yao inoti chilu (n. body) kureva muviri.
*Ife inoti ari (body) kureva muviri. Kenzi inoti jitta (n. body) kureva muviri. Lingala inoti nzoto (n. body) kureva muviri. 
*Kikongo inoti ta kana to (n. the body, trunk, part or portion of the body, a limb, member, joint of meat) kureva muviri. 
*Nyungwe inoti thupi; mathupi (body) kureva muviri. Nyanja inoti tupi (the body; one's person; one's body - hence one's self; and figuratively, kind). 
*IsiZulu inoti umzimba (boy; Build, bodily appearance; skin-texture). Mamwe mazwi: ubuzimba (Normal, healthy physical condition).
*Bambara inoti fari (n. body; health) kureva muviri. Sangho vanoti **tere** kana **tara** (n. body) kureva muviri.
*Chuabo vanoti maningo (n. body) kureva muviri. Chimbalazi vanoti maluungo (n. body) kureva muviri.
*Mandinka vanoti bala (body) kureva muviri. Kikwere vanoti mtufi (n. body) kureva muviri. Kimbundu inoti mukutu (n. body).
Chouviri

Mazwi anoti chouviri kana uviri riri kushandiswa pano kutaura zviwanikwa zvakadai sendarama, ngoda, nzizi, michero zvirimo munyika zvekuti vanhu vanokwanisa kukohwa kubva pazviri vachishandisa - apa kureva chinonzi *resources*  muChirungu. Nekumwe kutaura tinokwanisa kuti zviwanikwa.  Nokumwe kutaura shoko rokuti chouviri rinoshanda kuturikira panoda kunzi **resources** - apa chouviri chiri chiro chinobatsira munhu kugona kuzviraramisa achiwana kudya, mbatya neimba yekugara.

Izwi rokuti kuvirika kana kuirika rinoreva kuwedzera pane zvisina kuzara kuti zvisvike pakuzara. Mwero uyu wezvinhu zvinowedzerwa kusvika pakuzara unonzi mhiriko. Chouviri zvinoreva chiro chiripo chokuti munhu anopota achinokora, kutanha, kana kuwana mamwe mabatiro nacho kuti ararame. Izwi rokuti mhirimo rinoshandiswa kureva hari inotakurirwa doro kubva pamabiko panga pane doro zhinji. Aya ndiwo mashandiro echinonzi **resource**, chinenge chiri chiro chinokwanisika kunoshandiswa kumwe. Nokudaro mazwi anotodzana aya anenge ndiwo akafanira kuturikira chinonzi **resource** kuEnglish.

*Mbirimi (Resourceful or Industrious person)

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

Nyika yeZimbabwe yakashongedzwa *(is resourced)* nemhirimo zhinji dzinosanganisira: ngoda; platinum; marasha; nzizi; mapopoma; ivhu rekurima; mhuka dzesango zvichingodaro. 

*Kuti basa riri pagutse rino rifambe zvakanaka, vanyori vanofanirwa  kushongedzwa zvakakwana, vaine: ruzivo rwemutauro weChiShona;  vaine duramazwi uye kugona kushanda paWikipidhiya. 

*Mushandirwi anofanirwa kupa vashandi vake chouviri chinosanganisira: zvombo nemidziyo yebasa; humhizha hwebasa; uye ruzivo rwenjodzi dziri pabasa iri. Pakuturikira toti *An employer must resource his employees with work tools and equipment, work skills and training on the hazards of the job*.

*Kazhinji zviri nani kuwanisa munhukadzi chouviri nokuti vanhukadzi vazhinji vane moyo wekubatsira mhuri yose iri pamusha.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaMambwe vanoti **wila** (it is my property). Mamwe mazwi: **wila sile** (gratuitously, freely, without claim, pay or reward).
*VaLenje vanoti **wila**, wuwili, mawili (have riches, possessions or property e.g. cattle, houses, farm land, mines etc) vachireva chouviri.
*VaZigula vanoti **uwili** (the work of a labourer). VaLenje vanoti **wuwoni; mawoni** (property, goods, possessions) vachireva pfuma.
*Barotse vanoti **buswa** (1. wealth, property, state; 2. inheritance, portion) vachireva pfuma kana nhaka. VaHerero vanoti **oru-hupo** (resource).
*Kimbundu inoti **kibiri** (n. need; nessecity; requirement).
Mbirimi

*Mbirimi (to boast, to be obstinate).
*Mbirimi (Resourceful or Industrious person).
*Mbirimi sezita izita remhuri rinowanikwa muZimbabwe.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Kuvirima (v. obstinacy in following one's own will).
*Muvirimi (one who is obstinate in following one's own will).

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Yao vanoti **mbirimo** (haste; diligence; obstinacy in following one's own will).
*Kikongo inoti **bilama** (to abound, be abundant). Mamwe mazwi: **bidi** (an abundance, a great crowd, quantity, number, mass).
Murimo

*Murimo (Herbal medine, generally liquid).
*Kushanda Murimo (Labour, employment, function).

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaChewa vanoti **mirimo** (work, business, duty).
*Vatauri veKirundi neKinyarwanda vanoti **umurimo** (action, business, task, occupation) kureva murimo.
*VaBemba vanoti **umulimo** (business) kureva murimo.
*VaLenje neVaTonga vanoti **mulimo** (labour, work).
*Mururimi rweLuwanga vanoti **mulimo** (piece of work; job).
*Mururimi rweLuganda vanoti **omulimo** (exercise).
*VaYao vanoti **chitendo** kana **matendo** pahuwandu (action).
*VaYao vanoti **kutenda** (to do). **Kutendela** (to do anything to another).
Kupara

*Kupara apa kureva kukwenga ingava pendi, deko, poto, ganda zvichingodaro.
*Kupara moto (to obtain hot coals so you start a fire elsewhere) apa kureva kugoka moto. Kune zita remhuri rinonzi Muparamoto.
*Kupara chokudya (to obtain food by working for neighbours) apa kureva kushandira vavakidzani Kati uwane chokudya.
*Kupara sembwa apa kureva kusaidzira imbwa kuti itevere hwema.
*Kupara (Set-up, Establish, Found) apa kureva kudzika sangano, nzanga kana Kereke.
*Kupara Mhosva iri izwi rishandiswa kureva kuita mhosva.
*Kupara sezita (a family name).
*Ko zita rokuti Mupariwa rinopinda papi pamashandisirwo emazwi aari pamusoro ayo?
*Vapara kana venyika mukanza (Foreigners; strangers) mazwi eChiNdau rinoreva venyika dzokunze. Tarisai Psalm 18:44-45 muBhaibheri reChiNdau.

***Psalm 109:11** ... nevapara ngavachakate michero yokushanda kwake. (Kubva muBhaibheri reChiNdau.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Mang'anja vanoti **pala** (adv. coming out of in great quantity great numbers) kureva kubuda zvakawanda.
*VaChewa vanoti **kupara** (go an errand for, be sent by someone).
*VaChewa vanoti **kupala** (betroth) kureva kuroodza.
*VaZigula vanoti **kupala** (marry - a woman previously married). Sokuti: **Mpale!** (Marry her (who was previously married!).
Mapeya

Mapeya (pair) zvinoreva zvinhu zviviri zvakasikwa kana kugadzirwa kuti zvishande zviri pamwechete sepeya dzebhutsu.

## Kurerutsa Mukauro

*Peya dzeshangu.
*Peya yemapatya.
*Peya yechigero.

## Mitauro ye[[ChiBantu]]

*Herero vanoti **ombangane** (pair; couple) kureva **pea**.
Kukomberwa

Kukomberwa (Infect seriously). Murume wenyu akakomberwa nechirwere: your husband is seriously infected by the sickness. 

*Kugombera (to make weak). 

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaMambwe vanoti **-kombela** (to be without strength, to walk slowly, painfully, a sick or old person) vachireva kukomberwa.

## Mazwi Anotodzana

*Gombera izita remhuri.
Rukato

**Rukato** (kureva *thistle*) akan **Gato** idzinde rinoita mashizha ane minzwa inobaya. Vamwe vatauri vanoti gato, chifakusi, rutumbambeya kana mutumbambeya. 

*Makato (Brier or briar).
*Rukato (toddalia asiatica) 
*Rukato (n. Vachellia sieberiana) muti unowanikwa muZimbabwe.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Ndichauparadza; haungarangurwi, kana kurimwa; asi uchamera minzwa norukato: It will turn into a desert, neither pruned nor hoed; it will be covered with thorns and **briars**. (Isaiah 5:6, Bhaibheri reChiNdau).
*Ngeiro zuva ndau dzeshe apo paisiita mivhini gumi remazana, yaitengwa ngezvigurwa zvesirivha gumi remazana, inozoita makato neminzwa: On that day, there will be thorns and **thistles** in every place where a thousand vines worth a thousand silver shekels once grew.   (Isaiah 7:23, Bhaibheri reChiNdau).

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Kihehe inoti mutona (n. Toddalia asiatica) kureva gato.

## Zvakakochekerwa
Hwanga

Hwanga kana uroyi (poison) mushonga unoshandiswa kukuvadza kana kuuraya vanhu.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Mombe dzakadya chepfu ndokufuma dzakati chinjinji: the cattle ate poison and in the morning they were Iying dead with legs in the air.

## Tsumo

*Mushonga haubati pasina ronda. Medicine does not work where there is no wound. 

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaTonga vanoti **bwanga** (n. poison) kureva hwanga.Herero vanoti **ouanga** (n. poison) kureva hwanga.
*Kimbundu inoti **uanga** (n. poison, spell, witchcraft). VaFwe vanoti **jefu** (n. poison) kureva chefu.
*VaUmbundu vanoti **owanga** (charm, fetish). VaBemba vanoti **uhwanga** (n. charm, spell) kureva hwanga.
*Lenje vanoti **wuanga** kana **wanga** (drugs, medicines, poison). Swahili vanoti anga kana wanga (bewitch, enchant, cast a spell).
*Nyaneka inoti **ouanga** (n. poison, spell, witchcraft; charm) kureva hwanga.
Shongwe yeBabel

Shongwe yeBabel  (Tower of Babel) inotaurwa muBhaibheri senzvimbo yakaungana guwende revanhu vaine chinangwa chokuvaka shongwe inosvika kudenga. Vanhu ava vakanga vaine donzvo rimwe; vaida kuti zita ravo nemabasa avo akurumbire. Vakati kana tavaka shongwe iyi, tichaita mukurumbira uchapfumbira pakutaurwa kwenhoroondo yevanhu. Mavambo 11:1-9.   

## Adam kusvika Noah

Shoko raMwari rinotaura kuti Mwari vakasika munhu wokutanga anonzi Adam. Uyu Adam ndiye akazova tateguru wevanhu vakapararira Pasirose. Mushure memakore 1656, Mwari vakaparadza nyika neguwe remvura rakatekeshera Pasirose. Guwe iri rakaparadza vanhu vose kukararama vanomwe chete. Panyika pakasara: Noah nemudzimai wake; vanakomana vake vatatu nemadzimai avo - kureva kuti kwakararama vanhu vanomwe (8). Mushure mezvi, Mwari vakaraira vanhu kuti vaberekane vagowanda zvokuzadza Pasirose - **Genesis 9:1**.  

## Noah kusvika Babel

Vanhu vakazvarwa mushure meGuwe raNoah havana kuda kutya Mwari; vakaita chirangano chokuti vavake Shongwe paBabel kuti mazita avo nemabasa avo agove nemukurumbira kana vachinge vapararira nenyika. Shoko raMwari (Genesis 11:3-4) rinoti panguva iyi vanhu vakanga vari verudzi rumwe, vaine mutauro mumwe uye vachigona kunzwisisana vose. Shoko rinowonesa kuti Mwari havana kufara nechinangwa chevanhu chekuda kuzvitsvakira mbiri, saka Mwari vakaranga vanhu nokuvapa mitauro yakasiyana kuti vasakwanise kunzwanane. Kubva pakurangwa ikoku, Mwari vakaparadzanisa vanhu ndokuvaendesa kunyika dzakasiyana. (Genesis 11:6-9).

## Kusiyana kweGanda neMarudzi

Nyanzvi dzinobata Bhaibheri neScience dzinoti ipapa pakuparadzaniswa kwakaitwa mapoka evanhu paShongwe yeBabel ndipo pakabvawo kuzosiyana kweganda revanhu vematunhu akatsaukana. Nokuti mapoka aya havaizova vakafanana pane zvose; vamwe vaiwandira pakuva nemelanin zhinji voita vatema, vamwe vachiwandira pakuva nemelanin shoma voita vachena, vamwe vaine melanin iri chepakati voita vashava zvichingodaro. Mapoka akaenda kwakasiyana akatanga kutsaukana patsika, ganda, vhudzi chiviri nechimiro. Nokufamba kwenguva zvaiti vanhu veboka rimwe vairoorana pachavo nokuti vainzwanana mutauro uye vaigara munyika imwe. Pakuzvarwa kwevanhu kwakatanga kuve nemusiyano weganda pakati pamapoka aya; izvi zvikapa kuti kuve nesu Vanhu Vatema; Varungu; maIndia; maChina; Marudzi eChivare kuNorth America; Marudzi eChivare kuAustralia; maArab zvichingodaro.
Mudzivare

Mudzivare izita remhuri rinowanikwa muZimbabwe. 

## Mitauro yeBantu

Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mime mitauro yeChiBantu, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. Chinangwa ndechekutsvaga zvinoreva mazita, zvikurusei kana mazita aya asisiri kutaurwa mumutauro wemazuva ano.

*VaHerero vanoti **rivara** kana **vanga** kana **kotora** (vt. claim;to get back what is yours).
*VaHerero vanoti **omukotore** kana **omurivare** (claimant - person making a claim to something).
*VaHerero vanoti **okurivara** kana **okukotora** kana **okuvanga** (act or process of challenging as a due or right).

*VaHerero vanoti **paranga**, **-para**, **-vare**, **okuvare**  (broad, wide, immense, extended).
Marudzi eChivare

Mazwi okuti Marudzi eChivare ari kushandiswa pano kuturikira chinonzi **indigenous tribe or peoples** kuEnglish, apa kuchirehwa vanhu vemarudzi akatanga kugara munyika dzavagere iko zvino. Ava vanhu ndivo vane matateguru vakavamba kutema ruvara munyika, vakava ndivo ana banguranyika vekatangidzira munyika idzi. Somuenzaniso vanhu vatema ndivo marudzi echivare munyika zhinji dzeAfrica.

Mazwi rokuti chivare rinoreva chinhu, chisakamboitwa chiri kuitwa kekutanga. Izwi rinotaura chiito (verb) nderinoti kuvarura kana kuparura. Saka Rudzi rweChivare zvoreva rudzi rwakavamba kugara munzvimbo isati yambogarwa nemamwe marudzi - apa tichitarisa nhoroondo ine humbowo hunozivikanwa chete.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Indigenous people tinenge toti vanhu veMarudzi eChivare.
*Indigenous person tinenge toti munhu weRudzi rweChivare kana murudzivare.
*Marudzi  eChivare kuNorth America vanonzi maRed Indian muUnited States kana First Nations kuCanada.

Aya mazwi haashandiswe mukutaura kweVaShona pari zvino, anyorwa pano nechinangwa chokuedza kuumba mutauro chete. Kana kuchizowanikwa mazwi ari nani aya mazwi achabviswa. Vamwe vatauri vangada kuti mwana wevhu, vana vevhu kana vene venyika.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaGwere vanoti **buzaaliranwa** (indigenousness) vachireva kuva chizvarwa chepo.
Dzikamudza

Izwi rokuti dzikamudza ari kushandiswa pano kuturikira chinonzi **substance** kuEnglish, unova mushonga usingashanduke pachiviri chawo uye pakukumbanidzwa kwemishonga. Kana pachinzi dzikamudza kureva kuti mushonga uyu haugone kupamburwa pasina kugura zvisungo zvemishonga. Nokumwe kutaura tingati *substance* ndiwo muro wakaumba chiro. 

### Kupiwa KweZita

Izwi rokuti **substance** rinobva kuzwi reLatin rinoti **substantia**; izwi iri rine zvikamu zviviri zvinoti **sub**  uye **stantia**.  Chivakamberi sub chinoreva **under**. Chivakashure **stantia** chinoreva **to stand**. Tichidzokera kuChiShona, chivakashure **mudza** chinoreva nzvimbo iri kutsi kana pasi pechinhu; chikamu chinoti **dzika** chiri kubva pazwi rokuti kutsika. Izvi zvoreva kuti **substance** iri kuwonekwa sechiro chakatsika mudza. Pahuwandu tinenge toti madzikamudza kureva **substances**. Vamwe vatauri vangada kuti dzikakutsi, apa izwi rokuti kutsi kuchireva nzvimbo iri pasi kana mukati.

Mvura muenzaniso wedzikamudza dzvene; rine faniro dzisingashanduke uye rheshiyo yeoxygen nehydrogen zvisingachinje - apa hazvinei kuti mvura  yacherwa murukova kana kuti yagadzirwa murabhotori. Mimwe **mirimo** inowanikwa iri mitsvene inosanganisira: diamond; munyu wekubikisa (Kloraidhi yeSodhiyamu); shuga negoridhe. Asi kashoma kuti dzikamudza riwanikwe uri muutsvene hwakaperera; asi hutsvene hunorehwa zvichienderana nezvikamu zvedzikamudza zviri pamushonga uri kuwongororwa.

## Mitaro yeBantu

*Mang'anja vanoti **chilengo** (n. substance).
*VaMaconde vanoti **chitukutuku** kana **vitukutuku** (n. substance - what a thing is made of).
Chinyanhengo

Izwi rokuti **chinyanhengo** riri kuturikira chinonzi **organism** kuEnglish, ichi chiri chinhu chinorarama. Zvinyanhengo zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvinoti: mhuka, madzinde; bhakitiriya; nenyerenzima (archaeon). Mhando dzose dzezvinyanhengo dzinokwanisa: kuberekana; kukura nekuyaruka; kudavira pakudenhewa uye dzine rujekenyeko rwemuviri - *having homeostasis*. Chinyanhengo chinofanirwa chakawumbwa  nenyere ingava imwe kana kudarika. Munhu chinyanhengo chinorarama chine nyere zhinjisa dziri muzvitsumbu zvinonzi nhengo kana mitezo.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Mazwi anoti zvisikwa zvinopona, zviro zvinopona kana zvisikwa zvinorarama ari kushandiswa pachinyorwa chino kuturikira chinonzi *Living Things or Living Organisms* kuEnglish.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Chisikwa chinopona chokutanga chaiya chakadai ngemhondoro....: The first living creature was like a lion... (Revelation 4:7 Bhaibheri reChiNdau).
*Chiro cheshe chinohamba chinopona chinozoita kudya kwomuri; kudai ngezvendakamupa miriwo yakasvipirika, ndinopa zveshe kwomuri (Genesis 9:3 Bhaibheri reChiNdau).
Shaveshave

**Shaveshave** (ku Chingezi: butterfly) **fufura** kana **nharira**. 

## Mamwe mazita aro
Vamwe vanoti bembenene kana betepesu. Shaveshave rine matanho mana ehupenyu hwaro anoti: zai; larva; gonye; nzvundu neshaveshave rinobhururuka.

Harati idzi dzinodukuta mubhu dzozoshanduka mashaveshave. These caterpillars burrow into the ground then change into butterflies.
*Kudukuta (burrow below ground without leaving a hole). Mudukuti izita remhuri.

## Mamwe Mashoko

* Hupangu muSainzi (scientific classification)
* Kingdom - Muvuso kubva kushoko rekuti Muvuso (kingdom; state)
* Phylum - faramu
* Class - musaku
* Order - raya 
* suborder - chiraya (suborder "under order")
* Subgroups - chiboka

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaTonga vanoti inzyundu (pupa of a butterfly) kureva kana reshaveshave richakaputirwa.
Leishmaniasis

**Leishmaniasis**, inonyorwawo kuti **leishmaniosis**, chirwere chinokonzerwa neprotozoa parasaiti remhando ye*[[Leishmania]]* uye chinoparadzirwa munhu paanorumwa neimwe mhando yeumhutu hwemunzvimbo dzine jecha. Chirwere ichi chinobudira munzvimbo nhatu: muganda, muganda nemikana inobuda kunze kwemuviri, kana leishmaniasis yemuchipfuva nemudumbu. Kana riri ganda, panoita maronda, kana riri ganda nemikana inobuda kunze kwemuviri panoita maronda paganda, muromo uye mhino, nepo kana muri muchipfuva nemudumbu, panotanga maronda paganda, pozova nefivha, kushomeka kwemasero matsvuku eropa, uye kukura kwechiropa nechitaka.

Utachiona muvanhu hunokonzerwa nemhando dzinodarika 20 dzeumhutu hwe"Leishmania". Zvinowedzera dambudziko iri zvinosanganisira urombo, kushaika kwezvokudya zvinovaka muviri, kuparadzwa kwemasango, uye kuwedzera kwevanhu mumaguta vachibva mumamisha. Mhando dzose dziri nhatu dzechirwere ichi dzinogona kuzivikanwa nokutarisa utachiona hwacho pachishandiswa maikorosikopu. Uyewo, kana iri mhando yemuchipfuva nemudumbu, inogona kuzivikanwa nekuongororwa kweropa.

Leishmaniasis inogona kudzivirirwa nekurara munhu akazvidzivirira nemambure akaiswa mishonga inouraya zvipembenene. Dzimwe nzira dzinosanganisira kufirita kuti umhutu hwemujecha hufe uye kukurumidza kurapa varwere kuitira kuti utachiona husarambe huchipararira. Marapirwo anozoshandiswa anotsamira pakuti chirwere chacho chawanika kupi, mhando yeumhutu hwe"Leishmania", uye mhando yeutachiona hwacho. Mimwe yemishonga inogona kushandisirwa kurapa mhando yemuchipfuva nemudumbu inosanganisira liposomal amphotericin B, mubatanidzwa wepentavalent antimonials neparomomycin, uye miltefosine. Kana chiri chirwere chemuganda, paromomycin, fluconazole, kana pentamidine inogona kushanda.

Kutaura kuno, vanhu mamiriyoni 12 vatori neutachiona munyika dzinokwana 98. Vanokwana mamiriyoni maviri vakabatwa nahwo kekutanga uye vari pakati pe20,000 ne50,000 vanofa gore negore. Vanenge mamiriyoni 200 muAsia, Africa, South nemuCentral America, nekumaodzanyemba kweEurope vanogara munzvimbo dzinonyanya kuwanika chirwere ichi. World Health Organization yakaita kuti mimwe yemishonga inorapa chirwere ichi iwanike nemitengo yakaderedzwa. Chirwere chacho chinogonawo kuva pane dzimwe mhuka, dzinosanganisira imbwa uye mbeva nezvimwe zvakada kudaro.

## Kunowanika mamwe mashoko
Zika fivha

**Zika fivha** (inozivikanwawo se**Zika virus disease**) kurwara kunokonzerwa neZika vhairasi. Kakawanda hapana zviratidzo zvinovapo, asi kana zvikavapo, kazhinji zvinenge zvisinganyanyi kurwadza uye zvinogona kuda kufanana nezviratidzo zvedengue fivha. Zviratidzo zvinogona kusanganisira fivha, kutsvuka maziso, kurwadziwa munobatana mabhonzo, kutemwa nemusoro, uye tumapundu twemaculopapular. Zviratidzo zvacho zvinowanzogara kwemazuva asingasvike manomwe. Hapana vanozivikanwa kuti vakauraiwa nayo munguva yainotanga kutapukira. Zvakaoneka kuti utachiona hwacho hwakabatana neGuillain–Barré syndrome (GBS).

Zika fivha inonyanya kuparadzirwa munhu paanorumwa neumhutu hwerudzi rwe*[[Aedes]]*. Inogonawo kuparadzirwa pabonde ichibva kumurume kuenda kuvaanoita zvepabonde navo uye inogona kuparadzirwawo nekuisirwa ropa. Utachiona huri mumukadzi ane nhumbu hunogonawo kukanganisa mwana uye zvakaonekwa kuti hunogona kukonzera kubvisika kwepamuviri uye kutadza kukura kweuropi kana kuti microcephaly. Zvinozozivikanwa kuti munhu ane chirwere chacho kana aongororwa ropa, weti, kana mate pachitsvagwa Zika vhairasi RNA munhu paanenge achirwara.

Kudzivirira kunosanganisira kuderedza kurumwa neumhutu munzvimbo dzinowanika chirwere chacho uye kushandisa zvakanaka makondomu. Kuedza kuzvidzivirira kunosanganisira kushandisa mishonga inodzinga zvipembenene, kupfeka hembe dzinonyanya kuvhara muviri wose, mambure eumhutu, uye kuparadza zvimadziva zvemvura isingayerere umo munoberekera umhutu. Hapana mushonga wokudzivirira unoshanda. Vezvoutano vanokurudzira kuti vakadzi vari munzvimbo dzakawirwa nedenda ra2015–16 vafunge nezvokumbomira kuita nhumbu uye kuti vane nhumbu vasashanyire nzvimbo dzacho. Nepo pasina mushonga chaiwo wokurapisa, paracetamol (acetaminophen) inogona kubatsira kuderedza marwadzo. Kashoma chaizvo kuti munhu agariswe muchipatara nechirwere ichi.

Vhairasi rinokonzera chirwere ichi rakatanga kunyatsozivikanwa muna 1947. Denda rokutanga kuitika pavanhu uye rakanyorwa nezvaro ndiro rakaitika muna 2007 muFederated States of Micronesia.  Kubvira January 2016, chirwere ichi change chichiwanika munharaunda makumi maviri dzeAmericas. Chinonzi chinowanikawo muAfrica, Asia, nemuPacific. Pamusana pedenda rakatangira muBrazil muna 2015, World Health Organization yakazivisa kuti chirwere chacho chakanga chava dambudziko renyika yose, pachirungu Public Health Emergency of International Concern muna February 2016.

## Kunowanika mamwe mashoko
Hosha

Pachinyorwa chino izwi rokuti hosha riri kushandiswa kuturikira chinonzi **medical disorder** kuEnglish. 

*Hosha inopangidzwa nekusaterama, kuvhiringika kana kudzivaidzwa pakushanda kwemuviri.
*Chirwere chine zvikonzero zvakadudzika ne**symptoms** dzinozivikanwa.

## Tsetsenuro yeEnglish

A medical disorder is a relatively distinct condition resulting from an organismic dysfunction which in its fully developed or extreme form is directly and intrinsically associated with distress, disability, or certain other types of disadvantage. The disadvantage may be of a physical, perceptual, sexual, or interpersonal nature. 

## Mitauro yeBantu

Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mime mitauro yeChiBantu, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. Chinangwa ndechekutsvaga zvinoreva mazita, zvikurusei kana mazita aya asisiri kutaurwa mumutauro wemazuva ano.

*VaDigo vanoti **makosa** (fault, wrong). VaDigo vanoti **makosano** (misunderstanding) kureva kusawirirana.
*Zigula inoti **kosa** kana **makosa** (fault, mistake, wrong doing). Giryama inoti kukosa (v. err, to do amiss). Mamwe mazwi: **kosa** (n. error, mistake, fault). 
*Swahili vanoti kosa (v. 1. do wrong; sin, commit a sin. 2. lack, be wanting. 3. be unsuccessful, not achieve one's purpose; 4. deviate, go astray; miss one's mark).
*Luganda vanoti **kosa** (v.a. to hurt, injure) kureva kukuvadza.