Utachiona hwemunzira inobuda nemwana

**Utachiona hwemunzira inobuda nemwana**, uhwo hunozivikanwawo nekuti **utachiona hunotevera kubuda kwemwana**, **fivha yemunzira inobuda nemwana** kana kuti **fivha yepanozvarwa mwana**, ibhakiteriya rechero utachiona hwenzira yemukadzi inobuda nayo nemwana pashure pekuzvara kana kupfupfudza. Zviratidzo zvacho zvinowanzosanganisira fivha inodarika , kupindwa nechando, kurwadziwa  nechemuzasi medumbu, uye kakawanda kacho kunhuwa kwezvinoyerera zvichibuda musikarudzi. Izvi zvinowanzoitika padarika maawa 24 uye mukati memazuva gumi kubva panobuda mwana.

Utachiona hunowanzoitika ndehwechibereko nenzvimbo dzakachitenderedza uye hunozivikanwa paChirungu se**puerperal sepsis** kana kuti **postpartum metritis**. Utachiona hunowanzovapo kana pakaitwa zvinotevera oparesheni yeCesarean section, kuvapo kweutachiona hwakaita sehwestreptococcus yechikamu B musikarudzi, kukurumidza kubuda mvura yemuchibereko, uye kurebesa kwenguva yekuzvara nezvimwewo zvakawanda. Utachiona hwakawanda hune chekuita nemubatanidzwa wemabhakiteriya akasiyana-siyana. Saka hazvinyanyobatsiri kutora uye kuongorora mabhakiteriya anenge atorwa musikarudzi kana muropa. Kana vari vaya vanenge vasiri kupora, zvingadiwa kuti vavhenekwe pachishandiswa michina. Zvimwe zvinokonzera fivha inouya pashure pekuzvarwa kwemwana ndeizvi: kuzvimba kwemazamu, utachiona hwemunzira yeweti, utachiona hwepadumbu panenge pachekwa kana kuchekwa kwesikarudzi, uye kudhirika kwebapu.

Pamusana pematambudziko anokonzerwa neoparesheni yeC-section, zvinokurudzirwa kuti vakadzi vese vadzivirirwe nemishonga inouraya utachiona yakaita seampicillin oparesheni isati kana kuti yaitwa. Kana zvajeka kuti paita utachiona, panoshandiswa mishonga inouraya utachiona uye vanenge vachirapiwa vanotanga kuratidza kupora mumazuva maviri kana matatu. Vaya vanenge vaine chirwere chisina kunyanya kukomba vanogona kushandisirwa mishonga inouraya utachiona inoita zvekunwiwa, asi inoita zvekubaiwa ndiyo inokurudzirwa. Mishonga inowanzoshandiswa kuuraya utachiona inosanganisira musanganiswa weampicillin negentamicin zvichitevera kuzvara nekusikarudzi kana clindamycin negentamicin kuvaya vanenge vaitwa oparesheni yeC-section. Kana vari vaya vasiri kupora nepo vachirapiwa sezvinodiwa, panofanira kuongororwa kana pasina mamwe matambudziko akaita sekuungana kweurwa.

Munyika dzakabudirira vakadzi vari pakati pe1 ne2% vanoita utachiona hwemuchibereko zvichitevera kuzvara nekusikarudzi. Uwandu uhwu hunozosvika pa5 kusvika 13% yevaya vanoita matambudziko pakuzvara uye 50% yevaya vanoitwa oparesheni yeC-section pasati pashandiswa mishonga inouraya utachiona. Muna 2013 utachiona uhwu hwakakonzera kufa kwevanhu 24 000 kana tichienzanisa ne34 000 vakafa muna 1990. Chirwere ichi chakatanga kutsanangurwa nezvacho kuma 400 BCE muzvinyorwa zvaHippocrates. Utachiona uhwu hwainyanya kuuraya vanhu panguva yekuzvarwa kwevana kutangira kuma 1700 kusvikira kuma 1930 pakazotanga kugadzirwa mishonga inouraya utachiona. Muna 1847, muAustria, Ignaz Semmelweiss kuburikidza nekugeza maoko achishandisa mushonga unonzi chlorine akaderedza nzufu dzinokonzerwa nezvirwere kubva panenge pa20% kusvika pa2%.

## Kunowanika mamwe mashoko