Johann Sebastian Bach

**Johann Sebastian Bach** (Kurume 21, 1685 - Chikunguru 28, 1750) aive muimbi wechiGerman wenguva yeBaroque. Anofungidzirwa semumwe wevaimbi vakakurumbira munhoroondo yekuMadokero. Bach akakurudzira vaimbi vakaita saMozart, Beethoven, naWagner. Mimhanzi yaBach inozivikanwa nekunaka kwayo, kugona uye kupenya. Nekuda kwekugona kwake kunoshamisa, anowanzodaidzwa kunzi muimbi mukuru munhoroondo yekuMadokero. Mimhanzi yaBach inoitwa, kunzwikwa uye kunakidzwa pasirese.

## upenyu nyaya
Bach akaberekerwa muEisenach muna 1685. Akadzidziswa kuridza violin nababa vake, Johann Ambrosius, hwamanda yedare mukushandira Duke weEisenach. Bach anga asati ave nemakore gumi pakafa baba vake, achimusiya ari nherera. Akaenda kunogara kumba kwemukoma wake; mukoma wake aigara muOrdrduf. Nekuda kwezwi rake rakanakisa, Bach akawana basa kumonastery yeMichaelis kuLüneberg muna 1700. Inzwi rake rakachinja chinguva chidiki gare gare, asi akaenderera semuimbi. Mushure mekutora basa renguva pfupi muWeimar muna 1703 semunhu airidza violinist, Bach akave muridzi weNeue Kirche muArnstadt (1703-1707). Hukama hwake nekanzuru yechechi hwainge hwakaoma sezvo muimbi wechidiki aigara achiregeredza mabasa ake, achisarudza kudzidzira nhengo. Imwe nhoroondo inotsanangura zororo remwedzi mina rakapihwa Bach, kuenda kuLubeck kwaaizozviziva nemumhanzi waDietrich Buxtehude. Akadzokera kuArnstadt kwenguva yakareba mushure mekunge aitarisirwa, akatsamwisa kanzuru. Akazoshanda kapfupi kuSt Blasius muMühlhausen semutambi, kutanga muna Chikumi 1707, ndokuroora hama yake, Maria Barbara Bach, mwaka wematsutso iwoyo. Bach akanyora yake inozivikanwa Toccata uye Fugue muna D madiki (BWV 565) uye kantata yake yekutanga achiri kuMühlhausen. Akazotevera kutora basa kuna Duke weSachsen-Weimar muna 1708, achishanda senhengo yedare uye achiridza muorchestra, achizopedzisira ave mutungamiriri wayo muna 1714. Akanyora nziyo dzakawanda panguva iyi, kusanganisira yake Orgel-Büchlein. Bach akasiya Weimar uye akawana basa muna Zvita 1717 saKapellmeister kuCöthen. Muna 1720, mudzimai waBach akangoerekana afa, achimusiya aine vana vana (vamwe vatatu vaive vafa vari vacheche). Nguva pfupi yapfuura, akasangana nemukadzi wake wechipiri, soprano Anna Magdalena Wilcke, waakaroora muna Zvita 1721. Aizobereka vana gumi nevatatu, kunyange vashanu chete vaizorarama vari vadiki. Iwo matanhatu Brandenburg Concertos (BWV 1046-51), pakati pemamwe akawanda mabasa ekuimba, anotangira pamakore ake eCöthen. Bach akazova Kantor weChikoro cheThomas muLeipzig muna Chivabvu 1723 uye akabata basa iri kusvika parufu rwake. Yakanga iri muLeipzig iyo yaakanyora mazhinji eacantata ake. Bach akazopedzisira asisina kugutsikana nebasa iri, kwete chete nekuda kwemubhadharo waro wakaderera, asiwo nekuda kwemabasa akaoma nemidziyo yakaipa. Naizvozvo, akagamuchira mamwe mabasa, kusanganisira kutungamira guta reColleggium Musicum, boka revaimbi neveamateur vaipa makonzati evhiki, muna 1729. Akave zvakare director director kuDresden Court muna 1736, achishandira Frederick Augustus II. Kunyangwe aive nemabasa mashoma, akapihwa rusununguko rwekunyora zvaaida. Bach akatanga kuita nzendo dzekuBerlin muma1740s, zvisingaite nekuti mwanakomana wake, Carl Philipp Emanuel, akashanda semuimbi ikoko. Achirwara nechirwere cheshuga, Bach akafa musi waChikunguru 28, 1750.

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