Upanganhundu

**Upanganhundu** (kureva *economics*) ishoko riri kushandiswa kurava denhe reruzivo rinodzidzisa zvehupfumi hwenyika. Chidzidzo ichi chinotarisa zvinosanganisira: mhando dzehupfumi huri panyika; kuunganidzwa kwehupfumi; kukotsa hupfumi kuti husaparadzwa; mitemo yekuchengetedza hupfumi; mashandirwo  ehupfumi kuti hubereke; kuwanikwa kwendimo dzinobereka hupfumi uye kugoverwa kwehupfumi hunoberekwa munyika. 

Nyika dzakasiyana dzine hupfumi hwakasiyana. Zimbabwe ine hupfumi hwesimbi dziri muvhu dzakadai segoridhe; platinum; nickel uye chrome. Humwe hupfumi huri mubanganhundu reZimbabwe hunosanganisira: vanhu vane humhizha hwemabasa; mhuka dzesango dziri mumarimuka; hova nenzizi; mapurazi; maguta nemana anogara vanhu; uye zviptara nezvikoro. Pakuwanikwa kwehupfumi hakuna nyika ingati mubanganhundu redu tine zvose zvatinoda tinokwanisa kurarama sechitsuwa tiri toga. Nyika dziri Pasirose dzinoshavana; dzichifambidzana nekudyidzana kuti vagari vadzo vawane michina, nhumbi nemichero inobva kune dzimwe nyika dzokunze.  Kana totaura pamusoro pehupfumi munyika zhinji toti mapanganhundu - *economies*.

## Kupiwa kwezita

Izwi rokuti economy rinobatanidza maviri anoti **eco** uye **nomos**. Chivakamberi **eco** chinobuda mumazwi eEnglish anoti economy, ecology, ecosystem - chichireva **house, dwelling place, habitation**. Chivakashure chinoti **nomos** chinoreva **distribution, managing, control or arrangement**.  Saka pakuumbwa kwezwi iri *economics* zvaireva machengeterwo akanaka emusha ungava musha mudiki, musha mukuru. KuChishona kwatorwa izwi rokuti nhundu kuturikira **eco**. Izwi rokuti nhundu (a family and its belongings) rinotaura mhuri pamwe nepfuma kana nhumbi. Chivakashure **nomos** chaturikirwa kupanga (to make a law, command, order,  arrange, organise, align, to devise). 

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

Zvakanaka kuonesana kuti mazwi ari pano haako kuChiShona chinoturwa mazuvano (2015); chiri kuitwa kuedza kuumba mazwi matsva anoturikira mazwi eEnglish kuti tigokwanisawo kutaura zviri kuEnglish tichishandisa mutauro wedu. Chikamu chino chiri kunyorwa kuti zvive nyore kutaura kuchishandiswa mazwi anotodzana nerinoti Upanganhundu riri kuturikira **economics**. Saka pakutaura zvinenge zvoutrikirwa sezvizvi:

**Economy* riri kuturikirwa richinzi banganhundu; pahuwandu kwonzi mapanganhundu. Mhangwanhundu. Bangwanhundu.
**Economic* riri kuturikirwa richinzi zvine rupanganhundu.
**Economist* riri kuturikirwa richinzi mupanganhundu, pahuwandu kwonzi ana mupanganhundu. Izvi zvinoda kufana nokuti mukoti mumwe uye vana mukoti vatatu.
**Economiser* riri kuturikirwa richinzi chipanganhundu, pahuwandu kwonzi ana zvipanganhundu.
**Economising* riri kuturikirwa richinzi kupanganhundu.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaChewa neVaLenje vanoti **panga** (build; to make do; fabricate, create, to devise) kureva kuvaka kana kuwumba. 
*VaGwere neVaGungu vanoti **kupanga** (v. arrange, organise, align, queue or line up; put such that in a certain order or arrangement).
*VaGanda vanoti **kupanga** (to set up; to pile; to assemble). VaZigula vanoti **kupanga** (v. divide; distribute; separate; arrange in order; plan; planning).
*VaLenje vanoti **panga** (make, used of constructive work of any kind, construct, put together, build, contrive).
*VaSwahili vanoti **panga** (1. put in order, line up, set up, arrange; 2. fig., liter.: compose, write (a book, poem). 3. form, conclude. 3. classify, organize).