open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Hungwe

**Hungwe** (*African Fish Eagle*) ishiri huru inowanikwa muAfrica kuchamhembe kweSahara. Shiri iyi inogara munzvimbo dzine mvura yakawanda pane nzizi huru, madhamu kana nyanza; apa dzinenge dzichitevera pane chokudya chakawanda. Hungwe ndiwo shiri iri pamureza weZimbabwe, zvakare ndiyo iri pamureza weZambia. Hungwe yainzi na Vutata ishiri ine mikosh sikisitini, asi wechi seventeen ndewe jet propellation. 
 
## Chimiro cheHungwe

Hungwe ishiri huru; nzvari inokura kuita huremu 3.2-3.6kg, mukono uchiita 2-2.5kg pahuremu. Mukono unotambanuka mapapiro achipimwa 2m, iyo nzvari ichiita mapapiro anotambanuka 2.4m. Muviri wayo unokura kusvika 63-75cm dzokureba.

Muviri wehungwe yakura une ruvara rwe brown, namapapiro eshure matema ane simba samare. Musoro nemuswe wayo muchenachena, icho chiso chiri che yellow chsina makushe. Kudya kwehungwe ndizo hove dzainonyukura mumvura asi inodyawo dzimwe shiri dzinotambra pamvura. Anoinzwa kuchema kwayo hungwe anotorangaridzwa kumusha kuAfrica.

## Kwainogara

Hungwe inowanikwa kune mitumbi yemvura zhinji kune nyanza, madziva, nenzizi; zvakare inowanikwawo pedyo negungwa panosvika nzizi dzichidira mugungwa. Shiri iyi mumusha mayo muAfrica mainowanikwa kuchamhembe kwegwenga reSahara. Nzvimbo dzinoonekwa hungwe kunyanya dzinosanganisira: rwizi Orange kuSouth Africa neNamibia; Okavango kuBotswana; neNyanza yeMalawi. Shiri iyi inonzi inotambirawo kuNyanza Victoria nedzimwe nzvimbo dzine nyanza kuCentral Africa.

## Kuberekana

Mikono inotanda nzvari munguva yechirimo apo mvura inenge yakaderera. Zvinofungirwa kuti hungwe inotanda hadzi imwe kwehupenyu hwayo hwose. Mukono nehadzi zvinovaka matendere maviri kana kudarika dzichizopota dzichidzokera kumatendere aya. Nokuti dendere rimwe rinokwanisa kushandiswa kakawanda richivakurudzwa nguva dzose, dendere rinogumisidza rakura zvotambarara kuita 2m uye 1.2m pahudzamu . Matendere mazhinji anovakwa mumiti mikuru achivakwa netsotso dzemiti.

Nzvari inokandira zai rimwe kusvika kumatatu; mazai aya machena ane mavara matsvuku. Nzvari ndiyo inorinda mazai asi mukono unorindawo kana nzvari yaenda kunovhima. Mazai anorindirwa mazuva 42-45 asati achechenya. Mazai anokwanisa kuchechenya pamazuva akataramukana, kana zvakadai nhiyo huru ine musambo wekuuraya dzimwe ndiki. Nhiyo dzehungwe dzinogara mudendere kwemazuva 70-75, kwapera mavhiki manomwe (8) nhioy idzi dzinenge dzozvitsvakira chikafu dzochitanga kubuda mudendere.

## Tsika

Hungwe ndiyo shiri iri pa"Court of Arms" dzenyika dzinoti, Namibia, Zambia neSouth Sudan. Ndiwo zvakare iri pamureza weZimbabwe nepamureza weZambia.
Mhute

**Mhute** chiitiko chinoonekwa kana tumadonhwe twemvura tuchiyangarara mumhepo. Mhute inoitika ichikonzerwa nemamirio ekunze kana kuti pakutubuka kwechikwatamabwe. Inonyanaya kuonekwa apo pane mhepo inotonhora iri pamusoro pemvura inodziya. Kumwe kuitika kwemhute kunoonekwa pakufema pamusi wekuti kunze kune chando. Kupfungaira kunoonekwa kuchibuda pamuromo nemhuno inotova mhute.

MuZimbabwe mhute inoonekwa pedyo nemadhamu munguva yechando; chiitiko ichi chinoonekwa rungwanani padhamu reMazowe. Mhute inokonzera kuti zviri kure zvisanatse kuonekwa, zvokuti vatyairi vemuchovha vanonetseka kuona kwavari kuenda. 

Mhute kana yakanyanya imwe nguva zviri panhambwe inokwana 200m hazvioneke; mhute ichinge yawanda zvokuti zviri panhambwe iyi hazvichaonekwa inonzi bvungapfunga - kuEnglish yonzi **fog**. Musiyano uripo pakati pemhute nebvungapfunga kuwanda kudzivira kuwona kunenge kuripo kuburikidza nokukora kwacho kana kuti huduma hwemhute yacho.

## Mamwe mazwi

*... asi mhute yakapwititika kubva panyika, ikanyakatisa padera pemavhu eshe: but a mist went up from the earth and watered the whole face of the ground (Genesis 2:6 Bhaibheri reChiNdau).

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaNyoro vanoti **runombe** (atmospheric haze present in the hot season).
*VaNande vanoti **ekilú̧mbi** kana **omulumbi** (n. fog) kureva mhute.
Chiwundudzi

**Chiwundudzi** chinhu chipenyu chinoonekwa kana chingwa chashata choita ruvara rwe green kana grey.
Chiwundudzi chiri muboka rezvinorarama zvinonzi "fungi" kuEnglish.

*Nyimo dzakaita chakwindi.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Chimwe, chemina, chakwindi, chahuvhe (Mould, fungus) apa kureva chiundudzi
Nyamafingu

**Nyamafingu** (kureva *cobra*) inyoka ine huturu inowanikwa muAfurika, Ezhiya nekuIndia. Nyamafingu inoti kana yashatirwa inofutisa mativi emusoro - kunova kunobva zita rookuti nyamafingu; izvo zvakafuta kumativi ndizvo mafingu. Sezvinoita nyoka dzese inofutisa pahuro ichityisidzira chete. Inozviitira kuti isatambisa huturu hwayo uhwo inoda pakuvhima chikafu. Inokwanisa kuzviita izvi nekutambaradza mbabvu dzayo.

Kune mhando dzakatambarara dze nyamafingu, zvichienda zvakare nenzvimbo
Dziva

*Dziva reMvura (Pool on a river).
*Dziva (fontanel).
*Kwakadziva (opposite, facing) zvinodudza kwakatarisa chinhu - sokuti kwakadziva kumadokero (faceing the west, toward the west).
Bvungapfunga

Mhute kana yakanyanya kukora inonzi bvungapfunga. Musiyano uripo pakati pemhute nebvungapfunga kuwanda kwacho kunodzivira kuwona zviri mberi. Mhute ikange yakora zvokuti zviri panhambwe inokwana 200m hazvichaoneke; ndipo painonzi bvungapfunga.

Mhute chiitiko chinoonekwa kana tumadonhwe twemvura tuchiyangarara mumhepo. Mhute inoitika ichikonzerwa nemamirio ekunze kana kuti pakutubuka kwechikwatamabwe. Inonyanaya kuonekwa apo pane mhepo inotonhora iri pamusoro pemvura inodziya. Kumwe kuitika kwemhute kunoonekwa pakufema pamusi wekuti kunze kune chando. Kupfungaira kunoonekwa kuchibuda pamuromo nemhuno inotova mhute.

MuZimbabwe mhute inoonekwa pedyo nemadhamu munguva yechando; chiitiko ichi chinoonekwa rungwanani padhamu reMazowe. Mhute inokonzera kuti zviri kure zvisanatse kuonekwa, zvokuti vatyairi vemuchovha vanonetseka kuona kwavari kuenda.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaRundi vanoti **igi-pfungu** (n. fog, mist) vachireva mhute.
*VaKagulu vanoti **chifungi** (n. hiding-place) vachireva nzvimbo yekuhwanda.
Hozhwa

**Hozhwa** imhuka inogwesha nepasi ine chimudende pamusoro pemuviri wayo. Kune dzimwe nyika hozhwa inodyiwa nyama uye inotengeswa kuma hotera.

*Homba kana humba (shell of snail)

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Yao vanoti **dande** (the slime from a snail). MaZulu vanoti **umnenke** (n. Snail; slug).
*MaZulu vanoti **nenkezela** (v. Approach slowly; move like a snail). Zigula vanoti **nkhola** kureva hozhwa.
*Nyanja vanoti nkonono (n. snail). Tonga vanoti nkumba (n. snail).
*Shimaore vanoti **kowa** kana **makowa** (n. a snail) kureva hozhwa.
Muchato

**Muchato** chiitiko chekunge murume nemukadzi vari kuroorana vachiita mhiko dzavo dzokugara vose. kazhinji kuitwa kwemhiko kunoteverwa nemhemberero apo vanhu vakakokwa vanenge vofara pamwe nevachati.

Muchato unokwanisa kuitirwa muKereke kana kuitirwa mudare raMudzviti. Vanochata vanowanza kunge vaine vafakazi vanopupura kuti vaona muchato uwu vachiisa runyoro rwavo pagwaro remuchato. Mukadzi anenge achichata anonzi mwenga, murume anenge achichata anonzi sakuwana kana kuti zenda - saka vachati vanenge vari zenda nomwenga.

MuZimbabwe nekune dzimwe nyika nhau yekuroorana inoperera pamberi pemhuri nevabereki pasina kuenda kunochata kuKereke kana kuhurumemnde. MuZimbabwe murume anenge aripa roora paanozopiwa mukadzi natezvara. Kunyika dzevarungu mukuwasha anopiwa mukadzi asina roora raaripa. Kune dzimwe nyika mukadzi ndiye anoripa mari achitora mururme kuti ave wake; iyi tsika inowanikwa kuIndia.

## Mitauro ye[[ChiBantu]]

*VaChewa vanoti **chikwati** (wedding) kureva muchato. VaTaita vanoti **mwali** (bride) kureva mwenga.
*Herero vanoti **omutyato** kana **orutyato** (delicacy; deliciousness; sweetness; preference, liking). Mamwe mazwi: **tyata** (v. please; be agreeable; sweet; relish, prefer).
*VaTonga vanoti **muchado** (n. wedding) kureva muchato.VaLozi vanoti **wenga** (n. marriage feast.) kureva mabiko emuchato.
*VaDigo vanoti **mwari** (n. girl who is betrothed or engaged to be married; fiancé) kureva mwanasikana akavimbiswa kuroorwa.
Gore

**Gore** (Chirungu: year) muchidzidzo cheSayinzi vanoti: Rinopasi rinodzunguruka richitevera boterekwa rakakomberedza zuva. Nguva inotorwa neRinopasi richipoterera zuva kamwe inonzi **Gore**. 

Pakufamba kwegore nyika inopfuura mwaka yakasiyana-siyana inoonekwa: nokushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze; kureba kwenguva iri pakati pakubuda nokuvira kwezuva; chimiro chemiti nebundo; uye michero inowanikwa panzvimbo.  Gore rine misi mazana matatu nemakumi matanhatu nemashanu kana riri makore nje. Kana rasvika gore remucharikwa (leap year) rine mazuva mazana matatu nemakumi matanhatu nematanhatu.

## Gore sechikamu chinoshandisiwa kuera nguva

Gore repa*Calendar* ndiyo nguva iri pakati pemisi miviri ine zita rimwechete pa*Calendar*.

Hafu yegore inokwanisa kutanga January ichipera June kana kutanga July ichipera December.

Gore rinopimwa nedzimwe nzira dzakawanda.

Gore repaCalendar rinoda kuenderana nedendera rePasi parinopoterera zuva. Gore repaCalendar yaGregory (uye Calender yaJulian) rakareba mazuva 365 kana kuti 366 kana riri gore remucharikwa (Leap Year).

## Mamwe Mazwi

Shoko rokuti makei rinoshaniswazve kureva gore. 
*Makei anouya zvinoreva gore rinouya. 
*Makei akapera zvinoreva gore rakapera. Vamwe veChiManyika vanoti makanyi.
*Makodya kana gore rakapinda kureva gore rakapera.
*Nhaka (this year) apa kureva gore rino.
*Munofanirwa kurima minda yenyu nhaka, Kati masafe nenzara gore rinouya.

## Tsumo

*Gore harizi pakaza rimwe. The same year can never come again.
*Gore nderino. There is only one year (like this one).
*Gore musandu. Every year means a change. 

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Nyungwe inoti **gole** kana **magole** pakuwanda (year) kureva gore. Bor inoti **koro** (year) kureva gore.
*Chimele vanoti kole (n. Ring, bracelet, armlet) kureva rhingi.
*VaDigo vanoti **mwaka** (season of the heavy rains) kureva nguva yekunaya kwakanyanya. VaLunda neVaZigula vanoti **mwaka** (year) kureva gore.
*VaMaconde vanoti **chaka** kana **vyaka** (year) kureva gore. VaHaya neVaGanda kuUganda vanoti **omwaaka** kana **omwaga** (year)  kureva gore.
*VaYao neVaChewa vanoti **chaka** (year) kureva gore. VaYao vanoti **namiyaka** (this year).
*VaFwe vanoti **cirimo** (year)  kureva gore. VaLozi vanoti **silimo** (year) kureva gore.
*Mang'anja vanoti **makono** (season; year; this year). Sokuti **makono kwadza ntenda** - zvichireva kuti gore rino kwauya chirwere.
*Chakali inoti jowa goro (n. circle) kureva denderedzwa.
Mushenjere

**Mushenjere** idzinde rinenge uswa rinokura riine mhango pakati. Mushenjere unorarama uri green nguva dzose.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaChewa vanoti **mpindi** (a joint of bamboo or finger).
*VaGiryama vanoti **marangi** (n. bamboos) vachireva mishenjere.
*VaGiryama vanoti **muvungu** (n. thick bamboo) vachireva mushenjere mukobvu.
*VaSena vanoti mulanzi (bamboo) kureva mushenjere.
Madzinde

**Dzinde** (stalk of a plant or the plant itself) zvinoreva zvisikwa zvinopona nokumera muvhu. Iri ndiro zita raonekwa rakafanira kutsanangudza zvizhinji zvinonzi "plants" kuEnglish.

Zvisimwa zvinosanganisira: miti; huswa; miriwo; michero etc.

Kutumbuka (1. To blossom, 2. To appear-of flowers, 3. To bud, to sprout, to shoot - of plant or seeds). zvinoreva kuburitsa maruva, mwonzora kana muchekechera.
*Mwonzora (ear of corn).

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Pakaitwa hura nomwe padzinde rimwe chete: there were seven ears on one stalk. 
*Ko dzinde iri rinonzi chii zita raro?
*Akadyara madzinde makumi maviri emadomasi.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaNyanja vanoti **nsinde** (stem, stalk, trunk; also a part of the root just in sight) kureva dzinde.
*VaNyungwe vanoti **tsinde** (tree trunk) kureva hunde.
*VaSwahili vanoti **mbegu** kana **mbeyu** (parent) kureva mubereki.
*VaBemba vanoti **mukonso** (n. stem) kureva dzinde.
Guva

*Guva (Grave) apa kureva rinda rinovingwa munhu afa.
*Guva, butu kana mabutu (1. Husk or bran of bulrush millet or sorghum; 2. Husk of maize grain).
*Guva (Dust place for sitting; floor). Zvichida ndipo panobva zita rokuti Ruguva?
*Ruguva izita remhuri.
*Chikuva kana huva (a platform made in the chicken for placing claypots) inzvimbo yakakwirira inovakwa mukicheni iri nzvimbo inorongerwa hari.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Nyanja inoti **gua** (n. dry heaps of sand left when the river falls; sandbanks; heaps of sand; ribs of sand).
Mbatatisi

Mbatatisi chirimwa chinokurira pasi pevhu sembabaira. Chirimwa ichi chinokura kuita zimudzi rinobumba pasi rinova ndiro rinocherwa richizodyiwa. Mbatatisi ndiwo kudya kukuru kunyika dzeEurope.

Vamawe vatauri vanoti mbatata kana matapiri. Izwi rokuti mbatata rinotodzana neChiPortuguese chinoti batata.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Lingala inoti libenge (potato, sweet potato). Kinande inoti eki-tsungu (n. Potato).
*VaChewa vanoti mbatata (sweet potato). Shimwali vanoti batata (potatoes) kureva mbatatisi.
*VaNyungwe vanoti batata (potatoes) kureva mbatatisi. MaZulu vanoti ubatata (sweet potatos) kureva mbambaira.
*Barotse vanoti litapule kana matapule (n. potato) kureva matapiri. Basotho vanoti tapole kana litapole (n. potato) kureva matapiri.
Derere

**Derere** idzinde rinokura richiita zvimapodzi zvinodyiwa semurirwo. Derere rinodyiwa Pasirose kusanganisira kuEurope neNorth America.

Panochekwa derere panoonekwa mucherechedzo wegonyoshanu.

## Mhando dzeDerere

*Gomaranga, gombo, magombo kana Nyatando (Okra variety Abelmoschus esculentus).
*Jekwa imhando yederere.
Mhandamareva imhando yederere.
*Hundi kana hwindi (Chaff of threshed millet and sorghum) apa kureva magufu erukweza kana mhunga. 

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Nyungwe inoti **therere** (n. okra) kureva derere.
*Zigula inoti **kudela** (v. to be slack, to be loose).
Gavakava

**Gavakava** idzinde rinokura rine chimunyepfu chine mvura yakawanda. Chimunyepfu ichi chinorera kana chabedurwa. Gavakava rinoshandiswa kurapa zvirwere zvakawanda.
Sipo

**Sipo** (Soap in English) inoshandiswa pakugeza muviri. Sipo yakagadzirwa kuti ibatsire kubvisa tsvina zvikurusei tsvina inobva kumafuta. Kune mhando dze**sipo** dzakasiyana, dzimwe dzemagodo, dzimwe mutuvi; dzimwe dzehupfu.

*Murota iyi isipo yaigadzirwa kare nedota rukupisa muti wavaiziva.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaYao vanoti **usakwa** (n. filth) kureva **tsvina**.
Mafuta

Mafuta (Oil in English) zvinoreva mutuvi unowanikwa panosvinwa mbeu dzinoti: nzungu; donje; sunflower; chibage ndzimwewo dzine mafuta. Mafuta anowanikwa pamhuka anonzi manda.

Zvakara mafuta anowanikwa kubva pamhuka dzinenge dzakafuta. Pamhuka mafuta anoratidzika senyama chena.

Mafuta anowanikwa achicherwa pasi pevhu achizogadziriswa, **petrol, diesel, paraffin** nezvimwewo.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Madobo (melted fat).
*Manda

## Mitauro yeBantu

Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mime mitauro yeChiBantu, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. Chinangwa ndechekutsvaga zvinoreva mazita, zvikurusei kana mazita aya asisiri kutaurwa mumutauro wemazuva ano.

*Chewa vanoti **mafuta** (oil). Lozi vanoti **simwe** (n. mark left on the mouth by fatty food).
*Swahili vanoti **mafuta** (oil) kureva mafuta. VaSango vanoti **mafuta** (oil) kureva mafuta.
*Giryama vanoti **mafuha** (oil) kureva mafuta. Ava vanoisa **h** pamamwe mazwi atinoisa **t**.

## Kuumba Mazwi

***Trans-fat** ingaturikirwa ichinzii? Ko tikati mafutarutara zvichibva pazwi rokuti kutaramuka (distant) nokuti mafuta aya ane **hydrogen** kumhiri mbiri dzedouble-bond? **Cis-fat** ine hydrogen mbiri kudivi rimwe re**double bond**.
Hupfu

**Hupfu** (maize meal or corn meal) hunowanikwa kana chibage chichinge chagayiwa nokutsetswa. KuChamhembe kweAfrica hupfu hunoshandiswa kubika sadza nebota. Kune mamwe marudzi ehupfu hwezvimwe zvirimwa zvinosanganisira: rukweza; mhunga; mufarinya nezvimwewo.

*Bvengo (mixture of meal of one sort mixed with meal of different kind) zvichireva musanganiswa wehupfu hwemhando dzakasiyana.
*Kudzaitana (mix well). Ndikadira doro ndinorega masvusvu nemhanga zvitange zvadzaitana. Before straining beer I give the mhanga and masvusvu time to mix together. 

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Baila vanoti **bufu** (flour, meal) vachireva hupfu. VaTonga vanoti **bufwu** (flour, meal) vachireva hupfu.
*VaGanda vanoti **busera** (flour of any meal or plantains; porridge) kureva hupfu. Nsenga vanoti **unga** (n. flour, meal).
*VaGanda vanoti **utandi** (n. flour) kureva fulawa. VaShambala vanoti **unga** (n. flour) vachireva fulawa.
*Taabwa vanoti buunga (n. flour) kureva flawa. Iton vanoti ù-vùg (n. flour) kureva flawa.
Oliver Mtukudzi

**Oliver "Tuku" Mtukudzi** muimbi wemuZimbabwe akaberekwa gore ra1952 muHarare. Muimbi uyu anodanwa nezita remusere rokuti Tuku

## Nhoroondo yaTuku

Mtukudzi akatanga kuimba mugore ra 1977 nechikwata Wagon of Wheels vari vese nomuimbi Thomas Mapfumo. Vakaimba rwiyo rwakaita mukurumbira rwainzi "Dzandimomotera". Mtukudzi akazobatana nechikwata chizviti Mahube, chaisangana vaimbi vekuchamhembe kweAfrica.

Mtukudzi ndiye mumwe wevaimbi vanemukurumbira muZimbabwe uye kunze kwenyika iyi. Akaberekwa kurudzi rweChiKorekore, ari wedzinza Nzou Samanyanga. Musambo wenziyo dzaanoimba unodanwa kunzi "Tuku Music". Mtukudzi akafamba nebasa rokuimba kumhiri kwemakungwa achisvika kunyika dzinosanganisira UK, US and Canada uko aiunganirwa nevanhu vazhinji.

Mumwaka uno wemamiriro ehupfumi nehutongi munyika yeZimbabwe, Tuku akaimba rwiyo rwunonzi "Ndakuvara".  Rwiyo urwu rwunotaura pamusoro pekushungurudzwa kwevanhu zvichienderana nematongerwo enyika. Akatsikisawo rwumwe rwiyo "Bvuma Wasakara" rwunokurudzira vachembera kusiyira vechidiki mabasa nehutungamiri.

Oliver Mtukudzi ndiye mumwe wevaimbi vane mukurumbira muZimbabwe; vamwe vacho vanosanganisira Alick Macheso, Charles Charamba, Olivia Charamba, Pardon Mutsago, Mercy Mutsvene, Joyce Simeti nevamwewo.
### Madambarefu aMtukudzi

* 1978 Ndipeiwo Zano (yakatsikiswa zvakare 2000)
* 1979 Chokwadi Chichabuda
* 1979 Muroi Ndiani?
* 1980 Africa (yakatsikiswa zvakare 2000)
* 1981 Shanje
* 1981 Pfambi
* 1982 Maungira
* 1982 Please Ndapota
* 1983 Nzara
* 1983 Oliver's Greatest Hits
* 1984 Hwema Handirase
* 1985 Mhaka
* 1986 Gona
* 1986 Zvauya Sei?
* 1987 Wawona
* 1988 Nyanga Yenzou
* 1988 Strange, Isn't It?
* 1988 Sugar Pie
* 1989 Grandpa Story
* 1990 Chikonzi
* 1990 Pss Pss Hallo!
* 1990 Shoko
* 1991 Mutorwa
* 1992 Rombe
* 1992 Rumbidzai Jehova
* 1992 Neria Soundtrack
* 1993 Son of Africa
* 1994 Ziwere MuKobenhavn
* 1995 Was My Child
* 1996 Svovi yangu
* 1995 The Other Side: Live in Switzerland
* 1997 Ndega Zvangu (yakatsikiswa zvakare 2001)
* 1998 Dzangu Dziye
* 1999 Tuku Music
* 2000 Paivepo
* 2001 Neria
* 2001 Bvuma (Tolerance)
* 2002 Shanda soundtrack
* 2002 Vhunze Moto
* 2003 Shanda (Alula Records)
* 2003 Tsivo (Revenge)
* 2004 Greatest Hits Tuku Years
* 2004 Mtukudzi Collection 1991-1997
* 2004 Mtukudzi Collection 1984-1991
* 2005 Nhava
* 2006 Wonai
* 2007 Tsimba Itsoka
* 2008 Dairai (Believe)
* 2010 Rudaviro
* 2010 Kutsi Kwemoyo 
* 2011 Rudaviro
Mukonikoni

**Mukonikoni** (dragonfly in English) kapembenene kane maziso makuru nemuviri wakareba uye mapapiro anonjenjemera. Setumwe tupembenene mukonikoni une makumbo matanhatu (6) asi haugone kufamba zvakanaka. Zvinonzi mukonikoni ndiko kamwe ketupembenene tunobhururuka neSpidhi wakakura kunyanya.

Kapuka aka kanodya humhutu; nyuchi; igo; uye shaveshave. Mukonikoni unonyanya kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzine mvura pane nyanza; madziva; nzizi; matoro nemajahwi.

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*ChiNembe vanoti **konikoni** (adj. punctilious; attentive to petty formality).
Igo

**Igo** (kureva *wasp*) kana **go**, kapembenene kane mumhu nechimiro chinenge chenyuchi. Kunonzi tupembenene twose tunodya zvirimwa tune rudzi rwemago anotudya sechikafu - izvi zvinoreva kuti mago akakosha pakudzivisa kuwanda kwetupembenene. Kune dzimwe nyika seUSA mago ava kushandiswa saizvozvi sezvikara zvinodya tupembenene tunoparadza zvirimwa. 

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Kimbundu inoti **rimbondo** (n. wasp) kureva igo. Swati vanoti manyovu kureva mago.
*Sesotho inoti **bobi** (n. wasp) kureva igo. Chewa vanoti mabvu (n. wasp) kureva mago.
*Kwanyama inoti **omambodwe** (n. wasp) kureva mago. Venda vanoti mabo kureva mago.
Humhutu

**Humhutu**, nhunga kana utunga (mosquito in English) kapembenene kanonyanya kuzivikanwa nenahu yekuruma vanhu kachisveta ropa. Nzvari dzehumhutu ndidzo dzinonyanya kusveta ropa panguva imwechete dzichitapurira zvirwere zvinosanganisira malaria.

Kunonzi kune marudzi 3,500 ehumhutu Pasirose. Marudzi ehumhutu aya anotapurira zvirwere zvinosanganisira malaria ne **West Nile**.

Zvikara zvinodya humhutu zvinosanganisira mukonikoni nehove.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

Humhutu imhando yesengende inotapurira malaria.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaNyakyusa vanoti **imbwele** (n mosquito) vachireva humhutu.
*Nyanja inoti **unjenjema** kana **anjenjema** (n. mosquito) vachireva humhutu.
Dzinde

*Dzinde kana dzinda (stool of grain or other plant).
*Dzinde (Butt).
*Dzinde (stalk of plant, stubble, stump of a plant or tree) zvichireva chikamu cheruva kana chezvirimwa chinomera kubva muvhu.Pakaita hura nomwe padzinde rimwe: there were seven ears on one stalk. 

## Mitauro YeAfrika

*Nyanja inoti tsinde, sinde (n. base of stalk) kureva dzinde.
Shangu

**Shangu** (shoe in English) chpfeko chinopfekwa kutsoka chichivhriridza pasi nepamusoro petsoka. Shangu zhinji dzinogadzirwa nedehwe asi kune shangu dzejira uye dzeplastic. 

Mukutaura kwemazuva ose tinofananidza shangu nebhutsu asi zvipfeko izvi zviviri zvakasiyana. Bhutsu ishangu ine chipika nemativi anovhara chikamu chezasi chemupimbira uye inonyanya kupfekwa kumabasa muhushangazhi. Dzimwe bhutsu dzinogadzirwa dzine simbi mberi inodzivirira kukuvara kwezvigunwe kana zvikadonherwa nezvinorema..

*Gwada (shoe). **Psalm 108:9** ... pana Edhomu ndinozokandirapo gwada rangu. Vhesi iri rakatorwa kuBhaibheri reChiNdau. Kune zita remhuri rinonzi Magwada.
*... Naye wakaita kudaro, echihamba mutitinini asina magwada patsoka.:  And Isaiah did this, walking naked and barefoot. (Isaiah 20:2).

## Tsika

Vamwe vanoti shangu dzemunhu ndidzo dzinotaura kuti munhuyi maererano nehupfumi hwepano panyika. Saka kana vachida kuona kuti munhu mupfumi zvakadii vanotarira shangu dzaakapfeka.

## Tsumo

*Kupfuura nomuchinanga, hugonda neshangu. To pass through a thicket you have to rely on shoes.
*Kupfuura nomuchinanga, hunzwa kupitsa hwakwata.To pass through a **thicket** you have to know about relying on sandals.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*MaXhosa vanoti **izihlangu** (shoe) kureva shangu.
*VaGungu vanoti **mugogo** (pair of shoes).
*VaFwe vanoti **nshangu** (shoe) kureva shangu.
Dehwe

**Dehwe** (kureva *raw hide*) kana **debge** zvinoreva ganda remhuka zvikurusei mhuka huru dzinowanikwa pamusha uye musango. Matehwe emhuka anoshandiswa kugadzira zvipfeko zvinoti: shangu; bhutsu; mabheki; mabhachi; zvigaro nezvimwewo zvinhu.

Dehwe rakanhadzirwa kuti richishanda kuruka mbatya kana shangu rinonzi chikumba.

Gwivi (1.Tough, hairless hide. 2. Animal with such a hide e.g. elephant). Rega kuvata mubvumburukatu, muviri wako unozova gwivi: do not sleep on a dusty floor, your body will become with a hide like an elephant's.

Doo, dovo kana matovo (treated skin or hide of an animal). Imbwa nyoro ndidzo tsengi dzamatoo.

Gukuta kana bapata (dry skin).

## Tsumo

*Imbwa nyoro ndidzo tsengi dzamatovo.
*Kwava kusakara kwedoo kuita serisakambodyiwa nyama.It is the wear and tear of a hide that makes it (appear) as if it had never encased meat. 

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Mambo Mwari wakaitira Adhamu nomukadzi wake mabhachi ematoo, akavafukidza: Also for Adam and his wife the Lord God made tunics of skin, and clothed them. (Genesis 3:21 Bhaibheri reChiNdau)

## Mitauro yeBantu

*MaZulu vanoti **isikhumba** (n.hide, skin, pelt; leather) kureva dehwe. Muenzaniso: **isikhumba sengwe** (a leopard's skin).
*VaBemba vanoti **mukupo** (n.hide, skin) kureva dehwe. Ko Chikupo? VaFwe vanoti **ku-suka** (n. to soften a skin).
*VaKikuyu vanoti **njowa** kana **rowa** (n.hide) kureva dehwe. Xilenge vanoti **dovo** kana **cidovo** (n. leather) kureva dovo.
*Herero vanoti omukova (n. skin, hide) kureva dehwe. Mamwe mazwi: tandaura omukova (stretch the skin).
Vanhu vemuAfrica

**Vanhu vemuAfrica**

Huwandu hwevagari veAfrica hwakakwira zvakanyanya pamakore makumi mana (40) apfuura, nokudaro Africa ine vanhu vazhinji vechidiki. Mune dzimwe nyika dzeAfrica chikamu chidarika 50% yevanhu vari pasi pamakore 25 ekuberekwa. Huwandu hwevanhu muAfrica hwakakwira kubva pa 221 million muna 1950 kusvika pa 1.0 billion muna 2009. 

Marudzi evanhu vanotaura mitauro yechiBantu ndivo vakawanda kubva pakati peAfrica zvichienda kuchamhembe nekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva. Mudunhu iri munowanikwawo marudzi eNile vanowanikwa kuSouth Sudan nekuMabvazuva kweAfrica, pamwe nemaSwahili nemaKhoikhoi vanowanikwa kuchamhembe kweAfrica. Marudzi emaKhoikhoi ndiwo anonzi akatanaga kusvika kuchamhembe kweAfrica kuchizotevera vatauri vendimi dzechiBantu. MaKhoikhoi ndivo vane rudzi runonzi San kana kuti rwainzi Bushmen kare.

KuMaodzanyemba kweAfrica kune mapoka maviri: Berber neArab kumadokero; vaEgypt nevaLibya kumavirira. Verudzi rwechiArab  vakasvika mudunhu iri mwaka wechizana 7, vakaunza mutauro weArabic nechinamato cheIslam kunzvimno idzi. Vanhu veMarudzi aShem vakauyawo mudunhu iri vachisanganisira: vaPhoenician nevaHysko - maGreek nemaRoman vakagara munzvimbo iyi. Verudzi Berber ndivo vanova ruzhinji munyika yeMorroco uye muAlgeria mune vane chitsama chakati kuti. Rudzi urwu ndirwo rune vanhu vanogara mugwenga reSahara kunyanya. 

Munyika dzeEritrea neEthiopia mune vaAmhara neTigryans vanotaura mitauro yemarudzi aShem iri pamupanda wendimi dzeAfro-Asiatic. Mudunhu rimwechetero mune vaOromo nevaSomali vanotaura mitauro yemarudzi aCush iri pamupanda wendimi dzeAfro-Asiatic.

Mumwaka wakanga Africa ichiri pasi peVarungu kwakanga kuine varungu munyika zhinji asi iye zvino vasara vane chitsama munyika shoma. Mumakore akawana nyika dzeAfrica kuzvitonga varungu vakatama kubva munyika dzinoti: Algeria, Kenya, Congo, Rhodesia, Mozambique neAngola. Zvinofungirwa kuti maPortuguese vanokwana 1.0 millin vakabuda muAfrica mumwaka 1960-1979. Parizvino varungu vanowanikwa vashoma munyika dzinoti:  South Africa, Zimbabwe, Namibia and Réunion. Nyika ine varungu vakawanda ndiyo South Africa uye nyika iyi ndiyo ine verudzi rwechiJudah zvakanyanya muAfrica. Marudzi ane madzitateguru vekuEurope anosanganisira,  Afrikaner, Anglo-Africans (vakabva Britain) uye Coloureds.

Kuuya kweVarungu vakauya nechitsama chevanhu vakabva kuAsia zvikurusei marudzi eIndia. Misha inogara marudzi echiIndia inowanikwa muSouth Africa uye muKenya neTanzania. Zvitsuwa zviri mugungwa Indian Ocean zvakagarwa vevanhu vakabva kuAsia imwe nguva vairoorana neVanhu VeAfrica pamwe neveEurope. Vanhu vari muMadagasca ndeverudzi rweAustronesian 
asi vanosangana nemarudzi anoti Bantu, Arab, Indian and European. Mumwaka wechizana 20 kumahombekombe eAfrica kumabvazuva nekumadokero kwakasvikavo vane chitsama vemarudzi eku Lebanon neChina.


File:Baka Drf Dja.JPG|Pigmy (Cameroon) 
File:Hoggar caravane2.jpg|Berber (Algeria)
File:Ethiopian mothers with babies.jpg|Ethiop (Ethiopia)
Nhunzi

**Nhunzi** kapembenene kanowanikwa Pasirose kanowanikwa mudzimba uye munzvimbo dzinogara vanhu. Nhunzi inotakura zvirwere.mwana wacho anonzi nhunzana. Nhunzi inokura kuita 8-12mm, uye nzvari dzakakura pane mikono yacho.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Nhunzi dzinomhumha pamurwi worukweza - apa kureva kumomotera ronda.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Herero inoti **-pumura** (v. hit).
Dzinokambaira

Mhuka dzinokambaira (reptiles) kana dzinozoya iboka remhuka dziri pamupanda wemhuka dzemuzongoza; mhuka idzi dzine mapapu; dzine makwati uye dzinobereka dzichikandira mazai. Boka iri mazuvano rine mhuka dzinoti: kamba yepadunhu; kamba yemumvura; madzvinyu uye makarwe. 

Boka remhuka idzi dzine makumbo mapfupi anoita kuti dziite sedzinokambaira miviri yadzo iri pedyo nevhu.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Makwapa (rough surface, as the body of a reptile).

## Chirevo

*Chidamoyo hamba yakada makwati.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaGiryama vanoti **mududu** (reptile).
Dzehugaro huviri

**Dzehugarohuviri** (amphibians) iboka remhuka dzinogara padunhu asi dzichiberekera vana mumvura. Mhuka idzi dzinosanganisira datya. Boka remhuka idzi dzinoita nguva dziri padunhu dzoitawo nguva dziri mumvura - saka dzichinzi dzine hugaro huviri.
Marudzi aShem

Kutaura kwekuti **Marudzi aShem** rinobva pazita roumwe wevanakomana vatatu vaNoah vanotaurwa muBhaibheri. Noah akanga aine vanakomana vatatu vanoti: Shem, Ham naJapheth (Genesis 5.32, 6.10). 

Kubva pana Shem ndipo pakaberekwa Abraham (Genesis 11.10-28), Abraham akazobereka rudzi rwemaJudah nemaArab.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Mudzungairi kana mudzungi (wanderer; tramp) apa kureva munhu asingagari panzvimbo imwe anogaro famba kana anorambotama.
Mbwa

**Mbwa** (kureva *Canidae*; sokutodza Chiratini) pahuwandu tichiti **Madzimbwa**, imhuri ine zvikara uye zvidyazvese zvinoyamwisa zveraya rechikara. Mhuka dzinobva mumhuri ye mbwa, dzinonzi **imbwa**. Mhuri ye mbwa yakakamurwa ine madzinza maviri: Gava-dzinza (*Vulpini*) ("makava chaivo") uye Humbwa kana Mbwa-dzinza (*Canini*) ("imbwa dzechokwadi"). Mbwa dzerudzi re gava-dzinza (makava) dzinonzi "zvikava". Mbwa dzedzinza re humbwa kana mbwa-dzinza (bhumi, imbwa, kxoyoti nemamwe) dzinonzi "imbwa". Vamwe vanhu vanodana zvese izvi kuti "imbwa", asi izvi hazvina kunaka.

Mienzaniso yemakani imbwa, bhumi, makava, kxoyoti, uye mhungubwe.

## Mamwe mazwi

* canidae/canid - **Umbwa**
* canis - chimbwa
* canine - imbwa
* canini - mbwa-dzinza kana *humbwa*
* caninae - mbwa zasi-mhuri kana *inbwa* (kutorwa reChiruanda) kana *inja* (shoko rechinguni)
* caniformia (carnivorous) - hukari

## Mazita anodiwa muChishona

* Mashoko anopera na ***-idae*** senge *Canidae, Falidae, Accipitridae* ne mamwe
* Mashhoko anopera na ***-id*** senge *Canid, Felid,* ne mamwe
* Mashoko anopera na ***-inae***, senge *Caninae, Felinae,* ne mamwe
* Mashoko anopera na ***-ni*** senge *Canini, Vulpini, Felini* ne mamawe
* 

Mashoko anopera na ***-is*** ano iswa chivakashure "chi"

e.g. Canis => chimbwa, Felis => Chikatsi

## Upangamutowo
*<small>Tarisai futi peji re [[Udongorodzwa hweMbwa]]</small>*

## Mabviro eruzivo
Nhanga (Imba)

**Nhanga** izwi reChiShona rinoreva zvinhu zviviri. Chekutanga rinoreva imba inorara vanasikana sezvo kurudzi rwedu imba dzinemazita akasiyanasiyana. 

*Buwa (sleeping hut for unmarried girls or unmarried boys).
Kilimanjaro

**Kilimanjaro** igomo riri kuKenya; iri ndiro gomo rakanyanya kureba muziwumbe reAfrica. Gomo iri rinoita sinowo pamusoro paro nokuda kwekutonhora kunoita pamusoro ipapo.

Gomo iri rinoita vanhu vanoshanya vachiuya kukokwira kuti vasvike pamusoro paro.
Datya

**Datya** (*frog* in English) imhuka iri pamupanda dzehugarohuviri. Datya rinogara mumvura uye rinogarazve padunhu. Kune dzimwe nzvimbo datya guru rinonzi dzetse rinodyiwa nyama.
*Muchimbo kana bururu (tadpole) apa kureva buruvuru.
*Mamwe mazita anopiwa anoti, dafi; dawa; matawa; mutawa; jedye, zura kana kuti chura.
*Mwana wedatya anonzi buruvuru kana zunguzurwa.

## Mhando dzeMatatya
Nhahwi -  a type of frog which lives near water. It stretches itself by jumbing a long step going in water normally when it is disturbed. 
*Rwangachere kana tumbare (little poisonous frog — which encloses itself in grass). 

*Datya (land frog).

*Dzetse kana jichidza (bull frog).
*Chimviyo kana tokwe (type of Frog). 
*Chitobvu (Very small frog).
*Zunguzurwa Mwana we datya ane musoro bhangu.

## Tsumo
* Datya kugara mumvura sandi kunwa.
*Zviururwi zvinofara kana kondo afa ziso. **Small frogs** are happy when the hammer-head (bird) has lost one eye.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Shambala vanoti **jula** (n. frog), kureva datya. Taabwa vanoti kiula (n. frog) kureva chura.
*Lenje vanoti **wombwe** (frog) kureva datya. Kaonde vanoti **bombwe** (frog) kureva datya.
*VaKongo vanoti **luwanga** (frog) kureva datya. VaEmbu vanoti **koora** (a small frog) kureva kadatya.
*VaMaconde vanoti **chitowe** kana **vitowe** pakuwanda (n. frog) kureva datya.
Tsime

**Tsime** igomba rakacherwa richidzika pasi kudzamara rabata pane mvura. Matsime anocherwa kuchitsvakwa mvura yekunwa yevanhu kana yezvipfuwo uye kuwana mvura yekudiridza zvirimwa. 

*Jekecha (Abandoned, dry well) apa kureva tsime rakapwa rikasiyiwa risisashandiswe. 
*Kutsa (to dig).

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Mutsika zhinji tsime mucherechedzo wetariro nehupenyu.
*Nhundiramutsime uyu munhu anoita zvisina kukwana angafananidzwa neuyo anotundira mutsime.
*Makwai makadzi manomwe aya unozoatora kubva munyara yangu kuti aite chapupu kwendiri, kuti ndini ndakatsa ichi chinyuka. Accept these seven lambs from my hand as a witness that I dug this well. (Genesis 21:30 Bhaibheri reChiNdau).

## Mamwe Mazwi

*chimhu (ideophone of Drawing water).
*Kuchimhuka (Be, or be able to be, drawn - of water).
*Kuchimhura (Draw water).  apa zvichireva kuchera mvura.
*Isaka wakatsazve zvinyuka zvemvura, izvo zvaiya zvakatsiwa ngemazuva aAbrahama baba ake: Isaac reopened the wells which had been **dug** during the lifetime of Abraham his father. (*Genesis 26:18*, Bhaibheri reChiNdau).

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Maconde vanoti **muto** kana **myuto** (well) kureva tsime. Mamwe mazwi **kumuto** (place where there is water) inzvimbo ine mvura.
*VaKongo vanoti **xima** inodudzwa kunzi **sima** (pool, pond, hole for water, well).
*Kikuyu inoti **kethima** (n. well of water) kureva tsime. Pamamwe mazwi eKikuyu **thi** anotodza **tsi** kana **svi** kuChiShona.
*Zigula vanoti **masima** (n. water well) kureva tsime. ChiBaka vanoti **suwah** (n. water well) kureva tsime.
Jira

**Jira** (cloth in English) zvinoreva chiro chakarukwa nedonje kana dzimwe mhando dzeshinda. Machira anoshandiswa kusona hembe uye kugadzira zvimwe zvishongo zvnishandiswa mudzimba.

*Muruko kana nduko (fabric)

*Kupfumanidza kana kupfuma (make a seam). Mupfumanidzo (seam, noun).

*Dzindadzi kana madzindadzi (Piece of cloth no longer of any use) apa kureva chichira, jindadzi kana karenga.
*Rukangadza (linen) izwi reChiNdau rinotaura mhando yejira yarehwa kuEnglish.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Kinyarwanda vanoti **umwenda** (cloth, clothing) kureva jira. 
*Sangho vanoti bongo (n. cloth, fabric, textile, garment) kureva jira kana nguo.
*Giryama vanoti mufumo (n. seam) kureva musono.
*Xitsonga vanoti ceka (n. fabric) kureva jira.
Chanza

**Chanza** (Nge. *Hand*) **Chazha** kana **Chanja** ndicho chikamu cheruwoko chatinobata nacho zvinhu chine minwe. Pahuwandu toti tsvanza, zvanza kana manja. 

*Chao (*palm of hand*).

## Mazita eminwe

Chara (thumb) ndiwo munwe mupfupi mukobvu unopfumbana nemimwe minwe yose. Kana munhu akabata mupinyi webadza, chara chinopoterera nedivi racho chega. Chara chinshandiswa kutswanya sekutaura kwetsumo inoti: **Chara chimwe hachitswanyi inda**.

*Munongedzi kana kuti Mutendeki (index or pointing finger) ndicho chigunwe chinotevedzana nechara chinova ndicho chinoshandiswa kunongedza.
*Mudapakati ndiwo munwe uri pakati pechanza wakareba kudarika mimwe minwe yose.
*Kasiyanwa (pinky finger) ndiwo munwe mudukusa uri kune rimwe divi rakapesana nechara. Kukwenya munho nekasiyanwa kunotaurwa apo munhu anenge achiita tarisiro rokuti ave nerombo rakanaka pane chaakamirira kuti chiitike.
*Kutsvanzadzira zvinoreva kutsvaka kwokufamba nako uchibata-bata nemawoko zvikurusei murima. Vamwe vanoti kubumbuzira kana kubamadzira??.
*Rupi (the flat of the hand, the palm). Pakuwanda kwonzi ndupi. Kurova nendupi kurova mbama.
*Kutsinza (to give something, to put something into the hand).
*Kubamura (smack or hit hard with the palm of the hand).

## Tsika

*Ridzai manja nemhururu. Apa kureva kuti womberai mawoko.

*Kana munhu achishandisa tsvanza kubata-bata, achitsvaka kuti ofamba nepapi murima sezvinoita bofu anonzi ari kutsvanzadzira. Pahuwandu chanza kunenge kwonzi tsvanza.

*Akanokorera hanzvadzi take rwanza rwumwe rwenzungu dzakakangwa ndokuisa mumbiya yaiva patafura. Apa rwanza rwenzungu kuchirehwa chanza chizere nenzungu - *a handful of peanuts*
*Tsama, chitsama, dzama (a handful, a moderate amount) kureva zvinozara muchanza kana zvine mwero wepakati.
*Kudzamura kana kutsamura (take a handful) kutora chanza chizere.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaTonga vanoti **ijanza** kana **manza** (hand) kureva chanza. Barotse vanoti **siata** (n. palm of hand) vachireva chanza.
*BaKalanga vanoti chiazha (hand; palm of hand) vachireva chanza. BaKalanga vanoti azha (to help someone) vachireva kubatsira mumwe. 
*VaMambwe vanoti **cinzanza** (the palm of the hand) kureva chanza. VaBemba vanoti **cisansa** (hand) kureva chanza. Mamwe mazwi: **lupi** (palm) kureva rupi.
*VaZigula vanoti **lugasa** kana **magasa** (n. hands) kureva mawoko. Mamwe mazwi: **kutowa magasa** kuwombera mawoko.
*VaZigula vanoti **ebyala** kana **ekiganza** (n. hand) kureva chanza. Nsenga vanoti **lupi** (n. palm of hand) kureva rupi.
*Gĩkũyũ vanoti **gwoko** (hand) kureva chanza. Mamwe mazwi: **rũhĩ** (palm)
Ruwoko

**Ruwoko** (*arm* in English) ndiyo nhengo inobuda kubva pamutumbi wemunhu yatinotakura nayo zvinhu.

*Nyara (hands) apa kureva mawoko kururimi rweChiNdau. Paumwe nepakuwanda tinoti nyara.
*Ruchechete (collar bone).
*Kumbandidza (Grip firmly) Akati musika webadza mbandi nembato: he gripped the spike-head of the hoe with the tongs. 

## Tsika

*Chinopa mawoko; muromo haupi.
*Ane ruwoko rwekurima mbambaira.
*Ane ruwoko - kureva kuti anoba.
*Ane ruwoko rwegudo - kureva kuti anonyanya kurova vana.
*Vairima nechibhakera: they used to turn the soil by hand (i.e using hoe). Shoko iri ringagona kushandiswa kuturikira inonzi *manual or manually* kuEnglish.  Vamwe vatauri vanoti huri kana tsiva kureva chibhakera.
*Miruka, umirudze murumbwana, umutengure munyara dzako;  ngokuti ndinozomuita dzinza guru.: Get up, lift the boy up, and hold him tightly in your hand, because I am going to make him a great nation (*Genesis 21:18* Bhaibheri reChiNdau).

## Kupeta mawoko

*Kugumbatira kana kugumbata (clasp hands across chest) zvinoreva kupeta mawoko akabata mapendekete - rudyi ruchibata kuruboshwe, ruboshwe ruchinobata bendekete rorudyi.????
*Kupfumbatira zvinoreva kubata chinhu wakavharira muchanza.
*Kufunyisa zvinoreva kupeta mawoko akabata pachipfuva.
*Kufungatira (to embrace).
*Kubungatira kana kufungatira zvinoreva kupeta mawoko akabatana pachawo - kana kunge wakabata chinhu iwo mawowko akarongeka nenzira iyoyi.
*Kutambanura (hold out hand) zvichireva kutambanudza ruwoko ruchiunzwa pamberi, pemunhu.
*Hwenze (back between shoulders) akatakura mwana pahwenze pake.

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Kikuyu inoti **gwoko, kuoko** kana **maoko** (n. hand) kureva ruwoko.
*VaLenje neVaGiryama **mukono** (arm, forearm, hand) vachireva ruwoko. Mbukushu inoti **nyara** kureva ruwoko.
*VaChewa vanoti **mkono** kana **nkono** (an arm, forearm) kureva ruwoko.
*Swahili neLuganda vanoti **mkono** (hand or arm; sleeve) kureva ruwoko. 
*VaMaconde vanoti **nkono** kana **makono** (hand, arm) kureva ruwoko.
*Herero vanoti **oku-oko** kana **e-kono** (n. arm) kureva ruwoko. MaZulu vanoti **umkhono** (Arm, forearm) kureva ruwoko.
*Zigula vanoti **lugasa** kana **magasa** (n. hands) kureva mawoko. Mamwe mazwi: **kutowa magasa** vachireva kuwombera mawoko.
*Uyo Ibibio inoti **ubok** (n. arm and/or hand; handle; power, strength, ability) kureva ruwoko.
Gumbo

**Gumbo** (leg) ndiyo nhengo inobuda kuzasi kwemutumbi wemunhu iyo tinoshandisa pakufamba nepakukava 
                                                                                                                                                                                                   
*Kugumburwa (to be hurt by knocking the foot).
*Murenje kana mwendo zvichitaurwa kuChiNdau.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Gumbo rakakuvara zvakaipa, uri fambise chinyai, kusvika rapora. 

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Nyungwe  inoti **mwendo** (n. foot, leg) kureva tsoka kana gumbo. Kwanyama  inoti okuulu (n. leg) kureva gumbo.
*Fwe vanoti **rushonsho; rushosho** (tibia) ibvupa guru remupimbiri. Lunda vanoti **mwendu; nyendu** (leg, legs) igumbo.
*Luganda inoti **mugulu** (leg) kureva gumbo. VaTonga vanoti **kulu** kana **maulu** pakuwanda (n. leg) kureva gumbo.
*VaLamba vanoti **kulu** kana **maulu** pakuwanda (n. leg) kureva gumbo.
*Kikongo inoti **kia kulu** (hind leg) kureva gumbo reshure. VaKikuyu vanoti **guru** kana **maguru** pakuwanda (leg, legs) kureva gumbo.
*Digo inoti **gulu** kana **chigulu** (leg, including the foot of a person) kureva gumbo pamwe netsoka yemunhu.
Chitsitsinho

Chitsitsinho, nhende, chitende chikamu chetsoka chiri kumashure nechepasi panotsika uye panogonya gumbo richiita tsoka.

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Lenje inoti **chishishilo** kana **chishindi** kureva chitsitsinho. VaZigula vanoti **chisigino** (heel of foot) kureva chitsitsinho. 
*Kinyarwanda inoti **igitsitsino** (heel) kureva chitsitsinho. VaWanga vanoti **oshisisiro** (n. heel) kureva chitsitsinho.
*Nyungwe vanoti **mdzayo** (n. sole) kureva pasi petsoka. Mandinka vanoti **siήo** (n. foot, leg) kureva gumbo kana tsoka.
*Lugungu vanoti **Kisinde** (foot print, track, trail) kureva chidhindo chetsoka.
*MaZulu vanoti **isintende** (n. heel) kureva chitsitsinho.
Guvhu

**Guvhu**, mukuvhu kana muchombo (belly button, navel) inhengo yemuviri iri padumbu inoratidza pakabva rukuvhute rwaibatanidza mwana ari munhumbu kuna amai vake. Kana guvhu rakabuda kunze rinonzi guvhudende. PaChiNdau voti mukumvu.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*BaKalanga vanoti **kombo** (navel; belly button) vachireva guvhu. Gombo (enlarged navel). VaTonga vanoti **ikombo** (navel; belly button) vachireva guvhu.
*VaRundi vanoti **umukondo** (navel; belly button) kureva guvhu. VaGungu vanoti **mukondo** (navel) kureva guvhu. Kinande vanoti **omukundi** kureva guvhu.
*VaTaita vanoti **mkuvu** (n. navel) kureva guvhu. VaZigula vanoti **lukuvu** kana **mikuvu** (n. belly button; navel; umbilical cord) kureva guvhu kana tambo yerukuvhute.
*VaBwisi vanoti **mukundi** (n. navel, umbilical cord) kureva guvhu. VaSwahili vanoti **kitovu** (1. navel, umbilical cord; 2. middle, centre, 3. home, place of origin).
*MaZulu vanoti **umnyela** kana **umnyele** (Dark line on the belly of some people from navel to pubes) kureva mutsetse mutema unobva paguvhu uchidzika kuvhudzi.
Nyamuragira

**Nyamuragira** igomo rine chikwatamabwe muMakomo eVirunga kuDemocratic Republic of the Congo. Chikwatambawe ichi chiri 25km kuMaodzanyemba eNyanza Kivu.

MuAfrica Nyamuragira ndicho chikwatamabwe chinonyanya kutubuka, chakatubuka kansvika ka40 kubva mugore ra 1885. Kunze kwechitubu chinoonekwa pachisuvi pegomo iri kunoitawo zvimwe zvikwatamabwe mumativi egomo iri zvinokwanisa kurarama makore mashoma. Somuenzaniso Murara chikwatamabwe chakararama kubva 1976-1977.

## Kutubuka kwa2010

Rungwanani musi waJanuary 2, Nyamuragira akatanga kufashama achiburitsa mabwe anokwata. Zvinozni hakuna misha yevanhu pedyo negomo iri asi vatariri vemasango vanotyira kuti zvimupanzi zviri pedyo zvingakuvadzwa. Zvinonzi kuchamhembe kwemakomo eVirunga kune miasha yevanhu inotyirwa kuti rimwe gore ingafushirwa.
Tsoka

**Tsoka** (*feet* in English) inhengo yemuviri yatinotsika nayo iri kunoperera makumbo. Sedzimwe nhengo, nhego iyi inokura pakukura kunoitawo munhu.

## Tsika

* Katsoka ndibereke - kureva kutiza zvebasa.
*Dzara kana gunwe (a toe).
*Chikanwe (little toe) kureva chigunwe chidiki chetsoka.
*Chitsitsinho, nhende, chitende chikamu chetsoka chiri kumashure nechepasi panotsika uye panogonya gumbo richiita tsoka.
*Chitambarariro chetsoka kana chitsiko chetsoka (footstool).
*Usatuke verwendo rutsoka ndiMarashe.

Tsunda (a muscle or a tendon).

## Zvirevo

*Mutsa worutsoka, kuperekedza ziso. The food is kind (feels obliged) to accompany the eye. 
*Chitsva chiri murutsoka - kureva kuti pfungwa dzitsva nezvinhu zvitsva zvinowanikwa mukufamba kune dzimwe nzvimbo.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaTonga neBaila vanoti **mukondo** (foot print) kureva chindindo chetsoka - pakutaura mazuvaose tinongoti tsoka. 
*VaTonga vanoti **tende** (n. foot). VaFwe vanoti **mutara** kana **mitara** (n. footprint) kureva tsoka.
*VaBemba vanoti **lukasa** (n. foot) kureva tsoka. Mamwe mazwi: **makasa** (n. footprint) kureva tsoka.
*Chewa neVaYao vanoti **chindende** (heel) kureva nhende. Venda vanoti **vhutala** (n. footprint; track).
*VaGungu vanoti **Kisinde** (foot print, track, trail) kureva chidhindo chetsoka. VaNyungwe vanoti **mdzayo** (n. sole) kureva pasi petsoka.
Nhumbu

Munhukadzi anonzi ane **nhumbu** kubva panguva yaanosangana nemurume mwana obva aumbwa muchibereko chemukadzi. Panguva yokunge mukadzi ave nenhumbu dumbu rake rinotanga kukura zvichienderana nekukura kuri kuita mwana muchibereko. Vamwe vatauri vanoti mimba.

Nhumbu yemunhu inotakurwa kwemwedzi mipfumbamwe (9). Vanhu vanoberekana nenzira inokumbanidza mbeu yemurume nezai remukadzi mushure mokunge murume nemukadzi vasangana kana vakumbana panguva yakafanira. 

Kutsika mwedzi (to miss a period and become pregnant).

Zvinosarira muchibereko mushure mokunge mwana abuda zvinonzi rusarira, musana kana kuti chavakuru - *after-birth*.
*Mungoza kana muzvere (nursing mother) mukadzi akazvara achiri kuyamwisa.
*Guyu (prolapse of uterus).
*Musari (afterbirth).
*Chikosha kana chikotsa (Pregnant woman (whose pregnancy is apparent). Vatauri veKabiye vanoti **hosi** (n. pregnancy) kureva nhumbu.
*Kukurirwa (be in an advanced stage of pregnancy).
*Nyangarahadzi kana nyangahadzi (stretchmarks on the body).

## [[Kusurumuka]]

Mazwi anoti rusurumuko kana nguva yekusurumuka iri kuturikira *gestation period* inova nguva kubva pakunamba pamuviri kusvika kuzvarwa kwemwana. Munhukadzi anosurumuka mavhiki makumi mana. Asi vana chiremba vanotarisira nguva yekusurumuka kubva pamavhiki makumi matatu nemasere (37) kusvika makumi mana nemaviri (42). Zvakakosha kuzivisana kuti izwi iri haritaurwe kuShona saizvozvi - pano kuda kuvaka mutauro chete - kana pane izwi riri nani ngaripinde.
*Kusurumutsa (Act as Midwife) apa kureva basa ranyamukuta ari kugamuchira mwana pakuzvarwa.

## Tsumo

*Zvikoni zvikoni mimba haibvi negosoro: what is impossible is impossible, a foetus is not killed by coughing.
*Nhumbu inorema yasvika. A womb is heaviest near (the time of) delivery. 
*Nhumbu mukadzi mukuru hairevi chayadya.
*Mudzimai wake akanga ati chikotsa akafufudzika: his wife who was with child has had a miscarriage.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaDigo vanoti **mimba** (pregnancy) vachireva mimba. VaMambwe vanoti **mutokoma** (fetus). Nsenga vanoti **mimba** (n. an unborn child).
*Baila vanoti **ku mita** (to be pregnant) kureva kumita. VaFwe vanoti **kusumbara** (to become pregnant).
*VaMakonde vanoti **libongo** kana **mabongo** (foetus or fetus). VaTonga vanoti **nseke** (embryo) vachireva mwana achitanga munhumbu
*VaMakonde vanoti **chitumbo** (pregnancy, embryo). VaWanga vanoti **okhubereka** (to conceive a child) vachireva kunamba nhumbu.
*VaGungu vanoti **kibbyolo** (n. placenta; afterbirth) kureva musari. VaWanga vanoti **okhubereka** (to conceive a child) vachireva kunamba nhumbu.
*Herero vanoti **okusurumuka** (v. swelling of a river). Mamwe mazwi: **omusuro** (n. swelling on the body, boil, tumour). *Sura*' (pp. swollen).