open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Kunyedza

Muchidzidzo fundoyetsimba shoko rokuti **kunyedza** (motion in English) rinoreva kusuduruka kwechinhu nekupfuurira mberi kwenguva. Kunyedza kunopimwa zvichibva panzvimbo yokutanga inozivikanwa kuenda pane imwe yepiri yave kuzivikanwa zvakare. Shoko rokuti kunyedza ratorwa kuchiKorekore kwavanotaura vachiti "Nyedza uko" kureva kuti "swedera uko" kana kuti "move over".
Marwadzo

**Marwadzo** (pain in English) zvinoreva izvo zvinonzwikwa panyama yemunhu kana chimwe chipenyu, zvinova zvinoenderana nokukuvadzwa kwemuviri kungadaro kwatoitika kana kuti kwaigona kuzoitika. Marwadzo anonzwikwa apo munhu anenge arohwa, abayiwa netsono, achitemwa nemusoro kana kurwra nezvimwewo zvirwere.

Marwadzo anotaurwawo zvakare pazvinhu zvinonzwikwa pamoyo kana pfungwa dzomunhu, sokuti munhu afirwa neumwe wake anoti ndarwadziwa.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*-konza. (Ache, pain). Ndiri kukonzwa: I am in pain. Zvichida ndipo panobva zita rokuti Mukonzo?
*Kudzimba apa kureva kurwadziwa. Unodzimbikana nei mudiwa wangu? - what are you suffering from my darling?
*Kumonyongwa (Suffer pains of child birth) kana kupfumbwa zvinotaurwa pamarwadzo ekuzvara mwana.

## [[ChiBantu]]

*Kalanga vanoti tundubadza (cause to calm down; cause pain to subside for a while).
*VaKalanga vanoti tundubala (quieten down or subside for a while, as of pain). Bavili vanoti **lwaasi** (v. to hurt).
*VaKabwa vanoti **obhusungu** (n. pain, anguish) kureva marwadzo. VaChewa vanoti **utete** (to shrink from pain, flinching).
*VaSwahili vanoti **uchungu** (n. pain, anguish) kureva marwadzo. VaNdebele vanoti **ubuhlungu** (n. pain, anguish) kureva marwadzo.
*Mbukushu vanoti tjitju (n. pain). Thimbukushu vanoti **mukatjitju** (n. patient; sick person).
Rusaruraganda

**Rusaruraganda** (racism in English) zvinotaura mabatiro evanhu anovapatsanura zvichienderana nekusiyana kweganda ravo. Rusaruraganda rwunosiyanisa mabatirwo evanhu, vamwe vachiitirwa zviri nani pane vamwe nechikonzero chokunge vakasiyana ganda kana boka retsika ravanobva kwariri.

Munhoroondo yeAfrica **rusaruraganda** inyaya huru zvikurusei pakudzvanyirirwa kwakanga kwakaitwa vanhu vatema. Tsika iyi inoonekwazve pakutapwa muhuranda kwakitwa vatema vachiyambutswa gungwa reAtlantic kuenda kuAmerica neEurope.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaZigula vanoti **ukabila** (1. tribalism; 2. racism) kureva rusarurarudzi.
Njee

Shoko rokuti njee (common in English) rinotaura chinhu chinowanikwa mazuvaose, chiri paruzhinji, kana chine vazhinji, kana nekumwe kutaura chisingashamisi.

## Tsika

Mukutaura mazuva ose shoko rokuti njee rinoshandiswa kusiyanisa zvinoshamisa nezvisingashamisi.

*Hunyanzvi hwakadai haungoitwe nemunhu njee.

*Kurongeka kwakaita basa riri pano hazvina kuitwa nemunhu njee.
Tsika yekurava nhamba

**Tsika yekurava nhamba** (numeral system in English) zvinoreva mitowo unoshandiswa pamanyorerwo nemaverengerwo anoitwa nhamba kuti dzive dzakarongeka dzinonzwisiswa nevanhu vose vanoda kudzishandisa. Tsika inoshandiswa kunyora nekuverenga nhamba inotevedza nzira yatingati muravanegumi *(decimal system)*. Izvi zvinoreva kuti nzira yokuverenga inoshandisa gumi sehwaro yoramba ichiwumba huwandu zvichienderana nemakumi. Nhamba dzose dzinoverengwa dzichifananidzwa negumi kana kuti zvitsama zvegumi sezvizvi:

*Kana pachiverengwa, nhamba inotevera gumi (10) inozova gumi nerimwe (11), kwouya gumi nembiri (12), gumi nenhatu (13), gumi nemana (14), zvichingodaro.

*Zvimwechetezvo kana pakwana makumi maviri (20) kunenge kwotevera, makumi maviri nerimwe (21), makumi maviri nembiri (22), makumi maviri nenhatu, zvichingoenda zvakadaro.

*Makumi gumi anonzi zana; makumi zana anonzi chiuru, zvichingodaro.
Hukuru

Hukuru (maturity, old age) zvinoreva kutanamara pakuwanda kwemakore.

*Hukuru (prominence, supremacy) zvinodudzawo kuti munhu ane chinzvimbo chakakosha.
*Hukuru (n. leadership, responsibility. 4. rank, status) kuva nechinhano chehutungamiri.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaGwere vanoti **bukulu** (n. maturity; old age) vachireva kukwegura. VaBukusu vanoti **buukhulu** (n. rank, degree, age, adulthood) kureva hukuru.
*VaGwere vanoti **bukulu** (n. importance, prominence, greatness, eminence, supremacy) kureva hukoshi. 
*VaGwere vanoti **bukulu** (n. leadership, responsibility. 4. rank, status) zvichireva hukuru pakutungamira. 
*VaGwere vanoti **kubba ekikulu** (v. be important, vital, pertinent) zvichireva kuva mukuru.
*VaYao vanoti **chikulungwa** (greatness ; the qualities of a chief or elder) vachireva hukuru hwashe kana hwemusharukwa.
Nhamba

**Numeri** (ku Chingezi: number ) kana **nhamba** muchidzidzo che masvomhu nezvimwe zvidzidzo zvizhinji**,** ivara rinoshandiswa pakuverenga zvinhu richitaridza kuti zvinhu zvingani.

Ndaudzo (odd number, sum over and above an agreed total) apa kureva nhamba dzakadai sedzidzi: 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13 zvichingodaro dzisingagoni kugovaniswa na**mbiri** (2).

Ndaudzo (Used in notation of odd numbers - over the complete tens) sokuti 25 inganzi makumi maviri ane ndaudzo shanu.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Humburira (Underestimation of amount required). Takanonoka kudya nokuti mubiki ane humburira: we were late in eating because the one who cooked under estimated the amount required and had to grind more meal.
*Hwerengedzo, dutu kana chivunga (Amount).
*Kuraudza kana kuravudza (to be over and above some complete group) zvinoreva kudarika huwandu hwakatarwa.

## Vambo rezita
Izwi rekuti *Nhamba* rakabva kuChingezi, asi rekuti *Numeri* rinogona kunge rakaunzwa ne Chiputukezi (mutuaro we Mozambiki ikozvino). 

Iro izwi rekuti *numeri* rinoshandiswa kumirira rimwe nwadhi re bhaibheri **Numbers''<nowiki/>'.

== Nhamba dzechishona ==
''<small>Tarisai futi peji rekuti [[Kurava]] uye [[Zviperengo zvehuwandu|Zviperengo Zvehuwandu]]</small>''


== Mazita e manhamba ==
''million'' - ***mille***-> 'thousand'; ***one***-> 'one' 

* mille = churu; chiuru
* one = poshi; potsi; motsi (mo-/po-)
*mille-one => million -> Churu + motsi; poshi; potsi

''billion'' - ***bi*** -> 'two'; -***llion*** -> 'million' 

* bi = piri; mbiri
* llion = 
*bi + million => billion -> piri; mbiri + -?

''trillion'' - ***tri*** -> 'three'; -***llion*** -> 'million'

* tri = tatu; nhatu
* llion =
*tri + million-> tatu; nhatu + -?

==Mitauro yeAfrika==

*[[Mang'anja]] vanoti **mpambo** (n. an odd number). [[Shilluk]] vanoti **lau; lawo** (adj. far; to be far). 
*[[VaGiryama]] neVa[[Taita]] vanoti **kutala** (v. to number, to count). VaGiryama vanoti **mutalo** (n. a reckoning).
*VaGiryama vanoti **mwero** (n. sum-total). [[VaKongo]] vanoti **lutangu** (n. figure, number).
*[[VaVenda]] vanoti **mbalo** (n. sum, number). [[VaVenda]] vanoti **divhambalo''' (n. arithimetic).
Kutsinhanisa

**Kutsinhanisa** (kureva *exchange; to exchange*) kana **kutsinha** rinoreva kupesana kwenhumbi dzirikutengeswa nemari, kana kupesana kwenhumbi dziri kutengeswa nedzimwe nhumbi dziri kutengeswa. Apa nenhumbi nenhumbi kana nhumbi nemari zvinenge zviine hukoshi hwakaenzana. Paya munhu anotenga chingwa kuchitoro tingati pane kutenderana kuti chingwa nemari yapiwa zvakakosha zvakaenzana.

Rimwe shoko nderokuti Kutsinhana zvichireva kustinhanisa zvinhu, nhumbi kana mari.

## Tsika

MuBhaibheri kubhuku raLeviticus chitsauko 27 ndima ya 33 panotaurwa kuvaLevi kuti:

*Haafaniri kucherechedza kuti chakanaka kana kuti chakaipa, kana kuchi**tsinhanisa** nechimwe; kana achinge a**tsinhanisa** nechimwe zvose zviri zviviri, icho necha**tsinhaniswa**, zvichava zvitsvene; hazvingadzikinurwe.
*KuEnglish zvonzi, "He shall not inquire whether it is good or bad, nor shall he **exchange** it; and if he **exchanges** it at all, then the one **exchanged** for it shall be holy; it shall not be redeemed."

*Ndima iyi yaitaura pamusoro peku**tsinhanisa** zvipfuyo zvinenge zvaverengwa kuti chikamu chaifanirwa kuripwa kuchegumi. Apa kutsinhanisa kwaireva *exchanging* kuEnglish.

## Mitauro ye Chibantu

*Baila vanoti **ku shinta** (to give in exchange) kureva kutsinhanisa.

## Ringai zve:

* Kushandura
Mana

*Mana eMisha (Community; neighbourhood, large family unit of village, homestead)
*Mana (four)

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Bushong inoti mana (n. land, ground, soil, dirt, loose earth).
Boka (masvomhu)

Muchidzidzo masvomhu **boka** (set in English) ibumbiro rezvinhu zvakadomwa zviri kutaurwa pamusoro pazvo kana kucherechedzwa.
Hwaro (muradanuro)

Muchidzidzo masvomhu, muchikamu chinodzidzidzisa muradanuro, hwaro inhamba **b** inowanikwa patsazaniso inoti **x = ''b''<sup>''n''</sup>**. Nhamba **b** iri kuradanurwa ne pawa **n''  ndiyo inonzi **hwaro**. Zviri kuitwa pakuradanura nhamba b zvinogonga kunzwisiswa sezvizvi zvinotevera:

:<math>b^n = \underbrace{b \times \cdots \times b}_n,</math>


Nhamba **n** inonzi [[muradanuri]], iyi ndiyo nhamba inonongedza kana kutaridza kuti vana **b** vari [[kutsamana]] kangani.  

**Kurerutsa Mutauro**

*Ku[[English]] kunotaurwa zvichinzi ''nth power of b'' or ''b to the nth power''.

*KuChishona zvakafanira kuti titi **radanura b nepawa  n** kana kuti **radanura b nemuradanuri n'''.
Kubvisa

*Kubvisa (Subtracting)
*Kubvisa (Removing).

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaZigula vanoti **dumula** kana **kudumula** (minus) kureva kubvisa. Sokuti **Shano dumula mbiri ni ntratu** - shanu kubvisa mbiri ndi nhatu.
Nhamba svinu

Muchidzidzo masvomhu, **nhamba svinu** (rational number in English) inhamba inokwanisa kunyorwa sedimbu **p/q** rine nhamba dzizere mbiri. Apa chisengazita hachifanirwe kunga chiri zero, izvi zvinoreva kuti **q** anogona kuva 1. Nokudaro chero ipi nhamba izere inokwana muboka renhamba svinu

Kana nhamba isiri nhamba svinu, inodanwa kunzi nhamba isisvinu. Boka renhamba dzisisvinu rinosanganisira √2, π, pamwe na e. Nhamba isisvinu inoramba ichienderera isingadzokore kurudyi kwa koma wepamuravanegumi - *decimal comma*.
Kusuzumira

Shoko rokuti **kusuzumira** (standing on toes) rinoreva kumira munhu akatsika nezvigunwe zvetsoka asina kutsika netsoka yose, apa chitsitsinho chinenge chisina kutsika pasi.

Kazhnji munhu anosuzumira kuti akwanise kusveverera nokusvikira chinhu chiri padenga chaasinga kwanise kusvikira kana akamira akatsika netsoka yose.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Mang'anja vanoti **kusuzumira** (to peep; to look over; spy). Sokuti - **ku suzumira nkondo** - zvichireva kutarisa kuti hondo iri kuuya here?
Mudzi wenhamba

Muchidzidzo masvomhu, **mudzi wechi n** we nhamba iri kumurirwa na **x** (nth root of a number), inhamba inomirirwa na **r**, yokuti kana yaradanurwa padanho **n**, zvinoenzana na x. Hukama uhwu hunonyorwa sezvizvi,

:r^n  =  x,

apa *n* anenge ari *munongedzo* remudzi wacho. Mudzi wepiri unenge une munongedzo wa 2, mudzi wechitatu unenge une munongedzo wa 3, mudzi wemakumi maviri unenge une munongedzo wa 20, zvichingodaro. 

Somuenzaniso:

* 2 mudzi wepiri wa 4, nokuti 22 = 4.
* −2 mudzi wepiri wa 4, nokuti (−2)2 = 4.

* 9 mudzi wepiri wa 81, nokuti 92 = 81.
* −9 mudzi wepiri wa 81, nokuti (−9)2 = 81.

Mudzi wenhamba unowanza kunyorwa kuchishandiswa chiratidzo \sqrt{\,\,} kana \surd{}, kana \sqrt{x}\!\, kana \surd x kureva mudzi wepiri.

Apa \sqrt[3]{x}\!\, anoshandiswa kumiria mudzi wetatu, \sqrt[4]{x} anomirira **mudzi wechina**, zvichingodaro. Pakupangidza \sqrt[n]{x}, **n** anonzi munongedzo - index kuEnglish. Apa **n** anotiudza kana kunongedza kuti parikutsvagwa mudzi wenhamba wechingani.
Kuwombera

Kuwombera (Clapping one's hands) chiitiko chokurovanisa zvanza nokukasira chinoitwa senzira yokutenda kana kufarira chinhu chinenge chiri kuonekwa. Mutsika dzeZimbabwe vana vanodzidziswa kuombera apo vanopiwa chinhu kubvira vachiri vadiki; tsika iyi inotevedzwa pakukura kwemunhu. Vanhu kana vachinge vari kuona mutambo, pakaitika chimwe chavafadza zvakanyanya pamutambo uyu vanowombera zvakare. Imwe nguva kuwombera kunoenderana nokudzana.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Kuwuchira
*Kuwombera nhondo (possibly to clap in unison or clap at the start of a greeting).

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Chewa inoti kuomba (to shake, beat or rattle; to sound a trumpet; blow a horn; ring a bell; beat a drum; clap the hands; to thresh corn) kureva kuomba.
*VaChewa vanoti kuombera (to sound for anyone; to be for sounding) vachireva kuridzira. VaChewa vanoti kuomba (to sound) vachireva kuridza.
*Mang'anja vanoti kuomba manja (to clap one's hands) vachireva kuwombera. Mamwe mazwi kuomba mchemo (to raise an alarm) vachireva kuridza mhere?
*VaYao vanoti kugomba chanja vachireva kuwombera mawoko. VaZigula vanoti kutowa magasa vachireva kuwombera mawoko.
*Vai vanoti dondo (n. one). Mamwe mazwi: dondori (at once). Kimbundu vanoti kutonda kureva kuwombera mawoko. Mamwe Mazwi: kutondela (v. clap for).
Kurutsa

Shoko rokuti **kurutsa** (vomiting in English) rinoreva kudzosa chikafu changa chamedzwa chichibuda kumuromo. Chiitiko ichi chinonyanya kuitika kana munhu ari kurwara kana kuti adya zvinodarika mwero.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Kudzurudzuta (Nauseate) zvinotaurwa pachinhu chinokonzera kuti munhu anzwe kuda kurutsa. 
*Izvi zvinodzurudzuta mwoyo: these things make me feel sick. 
*Ndiri kudzurungwa mwoyo: I feel nausea and pain.
*-nenga kana svotwa (to be nauseated, to feel sick).
*Muchimbo (nauseating quality of over-fatty food).

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Chewa inoti **bikula** kana **bukula** vachireva kurutsa.
*Bemba inoti ukulusha (v. to vomit) kureva kurutsa.
*Kwanyama inoti **kunga** kana **kungu** (v. vomit) kureva kurutsa.
Kukorobha

Shoko rokuti **kukorobha** (Mopping floor in English) rinoreva kuchenesa pasi mumba kuchishandiswa jira rakanyoroveswa nemvura ine sipo kana kuti mopu. Mumba munokorobhewa kuiitira kubvisa tsvina inonamira inodaro isina kubviswa nemutsvairo.

## Tsika

*Aaah manje wati ndingabhadhare mazimari akawanda kudaro kuti wakorobha dhamu here? Apa panenge pari kutaurwa kuti mari iri kurehwa nemushandi yawandisa haienderane nebasa rashandwa.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Barotse vanoti **-kolopa** (to scrub, to polish floor) kureva kukorobha. Mamwe Mazwi: **mukolopi** (n. scrubber - from: -kolopa) kureva munhu anokorobha.
*Basotho vanoti **ho koloba** (to become wet) vachireva kutota. Basotho vanoti **ho kolobisa** (to wet) vachireva kutotesa.
*VaBemba vanoti **kolopa** kana **pukusa** (v. scrub) kureva kukorobha.
*VaVenda vanoti **-koropa** (v. scrub. From Afrikaans: **skrop**) kureva kukorobha.
Nhamba mhumburu

Muchodzidzo masvomhu **Nhamba mhumburu** (Whole Number in English) inhamba izere isina dimbu pairi. Nhamba mhumburu inogovaniswa na 1 pasina musarirwa. Nemamwe maonero boka iri ringanzi nhamba dzekuverengesa asi pasina zero - *counting numbers*. Nokudaro nhamba dziri mariri dzinosanganisira 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ..... zvichingodaro. Shoko rokuti mhumburu rinoreva chinhu chose chizere chisina kugurwa kana kumedurwa - *whole object, rounded*.

## Tsika

*Shato inokwanisa kumedza nguruve iri mhumburu - a python is able to swallow a pig whole.
Kufema

Kufema chiitiko chinokonzera mweya kupinda nokubuda mumapapu.

*Chifemo kana mafemo (breath) zvinoreva mweya unobuda nokupinda kana munhu achifema.
*Kufemedzeka kana kufemereka (to be out of breath; to breathe pantingly).
*Kukanhaira kana kukanyaira (Pant) zvichireva kufemereka.
*Kubefura (Breathe out).
*Kutura befu kana kubefura zvinoreva kufemera kunze - asi rinonyanya kuturwa munhu paanofemera kunze nenzira inonzi *sighing* kuEnglish.
*Kubefera (breath in) zvichireva kufemera mukati - iri izwi hariko kuShona yemazuvaose asi ranyorwa pano kuedza kupfupisa matauriro.
*Kufenga (draw in one's breath). 

## Mitauro yeBantu

*MaZulu vanoti **amaphefu** (A breather, respite, rest for breathing) kureva kutura befu.
*MaZulu vanoti **phefumula** (breathe) vachireva kufema. Mamwe mazwi: **umphefumulo** (n. breath, life, soul).
*VaZigula vanoti **kuhema** (breathe) kureva kufema. Mamwe mazwi: **kuhemera** (breath on) kureva kufemera. **Mpumuzi** (n. breath) kureva mafemo.
*VaTiriki vanoti **khuheera** (n. breathe) kureva kufema. VaTsonga vanoti **hefemula** (breath, breathe) kureva kufema.
*Yao inoti **kupumula** (to breath; to rest) kureva kufema kana kuzorora. VaYao vanoti **kupumasika** (to breath heavily) kureva kufema zvakanyanya.
*Olunyaneka inoti **okufima** (n. breathe) kureva kufema.
Kudhoma

**Kudhoma** (kureva *to study, studying*) rinoreva kuverenga mabhuku nenzira yokuda kunyatsa kuziva zvakadzama sezviya zvinoita munhu ari kunonyora zama. Kudhoma tingati mutauro wechimanje-manje asi nokutekeshera kwaita izwi iri ratova mukutaura kwevazhinji.

Vanhu vazhnji vanofarira kudhoma vari panzvimbo dzine runyararo dzisina ruzha. Asi kunoitawo vamwe vanokwanisa kudhoma vaine mimhanzi iri kurira pavari.

### Mamwe mashoko

* chidhomo, zvidhomo (study, studies)
* udhomo

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Izwi rokuti **kushoma** (to study) rinotaurwa mururimi rweKihaya.
Nhengo

*Endai ku: [[Nhengo (tsauranisa chirevo)]] kuti muwane zvimwe zvirevo.*

**Nhengo** (kureva *an organ; member of the body*) kana **Ndhengo** muChindau, muchinyanhengo chenyerezhinji, nhengo chiunga che matishuu akafundikwa (kana kubatanidzwa) muchivumbikwa chinoshanda kuita basa rimwechete. Muhurongekwa mehupenyu, nhengo irere pakati pematishuu ne dandira renhengo. Matishuu anovumbwa kubva pamhando ye nyere imwechete kuti ave nechishando chimwechete. Matishuu emhando dzakasiyana anosanganiswa kuvumba nhengo inechishando chakanatsika, somuenzaniso, ukuri we matumbu wakavumbwa nematishuu echiepiteri ne ne tishuu re tsandanyama rakadereka. Nhengo mbiri kana dzinodarika dzikasanganiswa dzichishandapamwe mumwiri dzinovumba dandira re nhengo, rinodanwa kunzi mutandira we mwiri.

*Tarisai zita rinonzi Mutengezanwa.

## Mitauro ye Chibanthu

*VaBukusu vanoti **eenyeengo** (joint, node, space between two joints, of finger, wrist, sugarcane, measurement of one joint of a finger). 
*VaTege vanoti **kasiga** (n. body part) kureva nhengo yemuviri.
*VaZigula vanoti **vihendo** kana **chihendo** (n. body parts; segments of the body). Madudzirwo: **vihanda** (n. studs - slender, upright members of wood, forming the frame of a wall) kureva mapanda kana mapango.
*VaKongo vanoti **to** (n. member of the body). Kinande vanoti **ekitambo** (n. body part human or animal). 
*Nsenga vanoti **chizo** (n. member of the body, organ, limb). Mbukushu vanoti **thipo** (n. organ; part of the body).
*Swahili vanoti **mtenga** (one who separates from society, solitary person, recluse, separatist.). Mamwe mazwi: **mtengano** (n. split, faction, separatism). **Mtengo** (act of separating, withdrawing, removing; 2. dismissal).
Chiziviso

Chiziviso (notice, announcement) mashoko ekushambadza zvinhu zvinenge zvichinzi zvizivikanwe neruzhinji kana kuti neboka revanhu vakanangana nemashoko iwayo. Kuti chiziviso chinoiswa papi zvinoenderana nokuti chinofanirwa kusvika kunani, ari kupi uye anobatika papi. Chiziviso kunyika yose chinonyanya kushambadzwa paradio nepepanhau.

## Tsika

Munyika kune vanhu vanokoshesa kuteerera zviziviso zverufu paradio zuva nezuva.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaLozi vanoti **zibiso** (n. notice, information, announcement, proclamation) kureva chiziviso.
*Mururimi rweNyungwe vanoti **cidziwitso** (n. announcement) kureva chiziviso.
*Mururimi rweKiikizu vanoti **riraarika** (n. announcement) kureva chiziviso. Ko zita rinonzi Mararike?
Kufuta

Muzvizdzidzo zvehurapi **kufuta** (Obesity in English) zvinotaura kuwanda kwemafuta mumuviri kunenge kwasvika padanho rokugona kukanganisa hutano hwemunhu, kukonzera hurwere kana kudamburira hupenyu hwemunhu pakati. Munongedzo weHuremu hweMuviri (Body Mass Index) chikero chinofananidza huremu nehurefu hwemuviri wemunhu. Chikero ichi chinoti huremu hwemunhu hwapfuura mwero kana **Munongedzo weHuremu hweMuviri** huri pakati pa 25 na 30 kg/m2, munhu akadarika 30 kg/m2 anenge ave kunzi afutisa. Tsazaniso inotsvagiswa Munongedzo weHuremu hweMuviri inonyorwa sezvizvi:

**Munongedzo weHuremu hweMuviri, MHM = Huremu/(Hurefu)<sup>2</sup> kg/m<sup>2</sup>**

*Huremu hwemunhu huchigovaniswa nehurefu hwakaradanurwa nepawa repiri (2).

## Tsika

* Kune dzimwe tsika, munhu akafuta anoonekwa kunge munhu ane mari yakawanda. Izvi zvinenge zvinodaro nokuti ana muzvina bhizinisi vakawanda vakafuta vaine matumbu akakura.
* Mukutaura kwemazuva ose kunonzi *Munhu ari kusimba* apo panenge pachirehwa kuti ari kufuta.
* Mutauro wechimanje manje unotaura uchiti munhu ari kuwanda kana kuti mudhafu.
*Kakara kununa hudya kamwe.

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*VaBemba vanoti **nona** (be fatty or oily) vachireva **kununa**. VaDigo neVaGiryama vanoti **kunona** kana **nona** (to be fat, to get fat) vachireva kununa. 
*VaUmbundu vanoti **kola** (v. s., be great; strong, solid, firm). VaShambala vanoti **azaneneka** (he is fat) vachireva akafuta.
*MaZulu vanoti **nonisa** (1. make fat. 2. Please, make comfortable. 3. Make interesting, improve) kureva kununa. VaNande vanoti **erinuna** (exude fat) kureva kununa.
*MaZulu vanoti **ukunonisa amagama** (to qualify or moderate words). Mamwe mazwi: **ukunonisa indaba** (to make a story interesting).
*MaZulu vanoti **dilika** (v. Be very stout (lit. be hanging with fat) vachireva kufuta zvokurembera mafuta. Lela vanoti nòoká (be fat).
Yambiro

Yambiro (warning in English) zvinoreva mashoko anotaurwa nechinangwa chokuudza munhu kuti achenjerere njodzi iripo zvino pane zvaari kuita kana kuti njodzi iri mberi. Yambiro inopiwa pazvinhu zvakasiyana zvinosanganisira: pamugwagwa, doro, mushonga, chokudya, basa riri kubatwa zvichingodaro.

*Kunyowedzwa (to be warned) izwi iri rinotaurwa kuChiNdau.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Mamwe mazwi anoturikira **warn** ndeaya: kuraira; kuchenjedza; kuudza; kungwadza; kunyevera; kukaza; kukazira.
*Ndizvozve muranda wako **unonyowedzwa**; mukuzvingwarira zvino musharo mukuru: Moreover by them is thy servant **warned**: In keeping them there is great reward. (*Genesis 19:11*, Bhaibheri reChiNdau ).

## Tsika

*Akuruma nzeve ndewako.
*Mazuvano vanotengesa fodya vanopa yambiro inoti, Kuputa fodya kungango kanganisa hutano. 
*Vanotengesa doro vanopawo yambiro yokuti: "Musatyaire muchovha kana kushanda pamichina panguva yokunge mambonwa doro

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaTonga vanoti **ambila**  (to tell someone; feedback) kureva kutaurira. VaKaonde vanoti **kwamba**  (to speak) kureva kutaura. VaGanda vanoti **kigambo** (n. word).
*VaChewa vanoti **kuambira** (admonition) kureva kuyambira. VaDigo vanoti **ambira** (to tell something to somebody) kureva kuyambira.
*VaLenje vanoti **ambana**  (1. greet each other;  2. salute each other), kukwazisana. Mamwe mazwi: **kuambana** (converse, gossip, communicate, salute, greet).
*VaLenje vanoti **kuamba** (speech, utterance; expression) kureva kutaura. Mamwe mazwi: **chambo, shambo** kana **mwambo** (mode of speaking; expression) kureva matauriro. 
*VaSwahili vanoti **ambia** (1. speak to someone; inform, tell, relate). VaBukusu vanoti **khuukaambila** (advise, give instructions, command,warn) kureva kuyambira.
Musarirwa

Muchidzidzo masvomhu **musarirwa** (remainder in English) chikamu chinosara kana nhamba huru yagovaniswa munhamba diki, govaniso iyi ichiitika nenzira yokuti nhamba diki haipindi kuti gedye-gedye kune nhamba huru.

Somuenzaniso tikagovanisa 3 anopinda muna 14 kanokwana ka 4 kuchisara **musarirwa** wezviviri (2).

Izvi zvinonyorwa zvichinzi:

:14 ÷ 3 = 4 sare 2
Chiuru

Chiuru (thousand) zvinoreva mazana gumi.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaNyungwe vanoti **culu** kana **bzulu** (thousand) kureva chiuru.
*Baila vanoti **chulu** (thousand) kureva chiuru.
*MaXhosa vanoti **iwaka** (thousand) kureva chiuru.
*VaKikuyu vanoti **ngiri inya** (four thousand) kureva zviuru zvina.
Tsika yezvinzvimbo zvenhamba

**Tsika yekutsveta nhamba muzvinzvimbo** (positional numeral system) zvinoreva tsika inoshandiswa pakunyora nhamba kumasvomhu. Tsika iyi inopa vara rimwechete renhamba huhombe hwakasiyana zvienderana nekuti vara iri rakanyorwa pachinzvimbo chipi.

## Kujekesa

PaMuravanegumi nhamba dzinonyorwa kuchishandiswa mavara gumi akasiyana anoti: **0, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9**. Panotangwa kuverengwa nhamba mavara aya anodanwa akatevedzana saizvozvi. Mushure ma *9* hakuchina rimwe vara rakasiyana. Panhamba inotevera panowedzerwa chimwe chinzvimbo mavara otanga kuchidzokorora. Saka panhamba inotevera *9* panonyorwa pachitsvetwa *1* achiteverwa na  *0* kuti pave nenhamba inonzi *10*. 

Tsika yokutsveta nhamba muzvinzvimbo zvakasiyana tichaidana kuti tsika yezvinzvimbo zvenhamba - **positional numeral system**. Tsika iyi inopa vara huhombe hwakasiyana zvichienderana nokuti vara ratsvetwa pachinzvimbo chipi. Kana vara *1* ari panzvimbo yokutanga anomirira huwandu hwechinhu chimwe Kana vara *1* ari pachinzvimbo chechipiri anomirira huwandu hwezvinhu gumi, apa nzvimbo yokutanga inenge yakanorwa vara *0*. Panokwidzwa nhamba kamwe nzvimbo yokutanga kuruboshwe inoshandurwa kuenda pana *1* kuti nhamba ichiva 11; izvi zvoreva kuti pava negumi nerimwe.

## [[Huhombe]] wenzvimbo paMuravanegumi

Chinzvimbo choga choga pamuravanegumi chine huhombe hwakasiyana nyangwe vara riri pazvinzvimbo izvi riri rakafanana. Huhombe uhwu hunomirirwa nekuradanuka kwa 10 nepawa rinokura zvichienda kuruboshwe.  Somuenzaniso kana nhamba 3523 ichipenengurwa inonyorwa sezvizvi:

: 3523 = 3 \times 10^3 + 5 \times 10^2 + 2 \times 10^1 + 3 \times 10^0 .

Izvi zvinoreva kuti *3* ari panzvimbo yekutanga kurudyi anomirira huwandu hwechinhu chimwe. Mumwe *3* ari pachinzvimbo chechina kubva kurudyi anomirira huwandu hwezviuru zvitatu.

Nzvimbo dzenhamba idzi dzinopiwa mazita azvo sezvizvi:

*100 inonzi Zvibodzi, **Units or Ones** kuEnglish.

*101 inonzi Makumi, **Tens** ku English.

*102 inonzi Mazana, **Hundreds** ku English.

*103 inonzi Zviuru, **Thousands** ku English.

*104 inonzi Makumi reZviuru, **Ten Thousands** ku English.

*105 inonzi Zana reZviuru, **Hundred Thousands** ku English.

*106 inonzi Miliyoni, **Million** ku English.

*107 inonzi Makumi eMiliyoni, **Tens of Millions** ku English.

*108 inonzi Mazana eMiliyoni, **Million** ku English.

Zvakafanira kuti tinoensane kuti marongerwo akaitwa mapawa agumi pamusoro, kana onyorwa senhamba anenge akarongeka achibva kurudyi kuenda kuruboshwe. Shoko rokuti zvibodzi rashaniswa kuturikira **units** rinobva kuchiKorekore; chibodzi rinoreva chimwe (1), pakuwanda konzi zvibodzi.

Tichitarisa chero ipi tsika inoshandisa hwaro -*b*, tinoona ine mavara ane huwandu  *b*, uye nhamba

: a_3 a_2 a_1 a_0 = a_3 \times b^3 + a_2 \times b^2 + a_1 \times b^1 + a_0 \times b^0  

(Zvakakosha tionesane kuti  a_3 a_2 a_1 a_0  anomirira kutevedzana pamarongerwo emavara, kwete tsamaniso)
Gova

*Gova kana chimbangu (rich red soil; red loam soil) apa kureva dhaga dzvuku.
*Gova (dry river bed).
*Gova (low lying marshy land - drained or marshy in summer).

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaMaconde vanoti **chikunda** (n. red soil) vachireva ivhu dzvuku.
Kuketa (Kupatsanura)

Kuketa (sorting, separating) zvinoreva kusarudza zvinhu zvichipatsanurwa. Kuketwa kwezvinhu ibasa rakakosha zvakanyanya muhushangazhi rinobatsira kuronga zvinhu nokunzwisisa huwandu hwazvo maererano nehukoshi hwazvo.

Vafudzi vemombe vanoketa mombe dzavo kana vabva kumafuro vodzitenhera mumatanga akasiyana. 

Vanochera ngoda vanoketa matombo acho maererano nehukoshi, kukura kwawo, ruvara, husvinu, zvichingodaro.

Post Office inoketa matsamba zvichienderana nokuti dziri kuenda kupi.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Kushara, kushanangura, kusanangura  kana  kunyurura (to select; choose). 
*Kuparadzanisa; kuiita mhotsa; kuparadzanya; kutsawuranya; kuravuranya (separate, divide). 
*Kutotota (to select carefully). 
*Kusengudza (select from remainder) iri izwi reChiKorekore rinoreva kusarudza kubva pane zvasara.
*Kurawura, kutsawura (to separate, set aside, select, favour). . 
*Tsawuro, chishananguro kana shananguro (selection, choice).
*Kupandanisa, kupandanitsa kana kupasanura (sorting).
*Kununura kana kunanura (separate two fighting parties).
*Kutakanura (to break away from another's grasp; to remove something that sticks fast). Kutakanuka (to get away).

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaLozi vanoti **-keta** (v.t. to choose, to select, to vote, to take one thing in preference to another).
*Basotho neMaZulu vanoti **khetha** (to choose, pick out, select, to vote, separate from, differentiate) vachireva kuketa.
*VaLozi vanoti **muketi** kana **baketi** (n. someone choosing a thing from another; voter) kureva muketi.
*VaNyakyusa vanoti **pangukana** (break apart) vachireva kupangukana.
*VaNyakyusa vanoti **panguka** (to collapse) vachireva kupanguka.
Kusuma

**Kusuma** (nge. *to inform; informing;* swa'':'' *kuarifu*) ishoko rinoreva kupira (kana kuti kuudza) vanhu mashoko anotaura zviri kurongwa kuitwa kana zvichaitika mberi. Kazhinji vanosumwa vanenge vari vanhu vane chekuita nezvirongwa zvacho zvichaitika zvikurusei vanhu vakuru pabasa, kana pamusha, paKereke, kana muboka, bato zvichingodaro.

Mashoko anosumwa angava mashoko asisachinje kana angava mashoko achazeyewa achizochinjwa.

## Mitauro ye Chibantu

*VaGiryama vanoti **masumuriro** (n. conversation) vachireva hurukuro.
Pimanzvimbo

Pimanzvimbo (Survey in English) chidzidzo uyezve mushando unechekuita nokupimwa pagere chinhu, kudoma pachigere; nhambwe pakati penzvimbo uye magonya ari pakati pezviri kupimwa. Kazhinji nzvmbo dzinenge dzichipimwa dziri pano Panyika uye kupima uku kunoshandiswa kutara muganhu pakati pemusha uye kutara mepu.
Muzera

Shoko rokuti **muzera** (row; line; row of plants in a field) rinoshandiswa pane mitsetse yakawanda yezvinhu zvakatevadzana. Muenzaniso ndeiyi: mizera yakadyarwa donje kan kuti muzera wechibage pamuguri. Shoko iri rinonyanya kushandiswa kuchiKorekore.

## Tsika

*Mugwazo wanhasi mumwe nemumwe anofanirwa kusakura mizera mishanu obva akotoka.
*Tonongora mizera mina yechibage upewo mwana.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Chewa neNyanja vanoti **mzere** kana **mzera** kana **mfunde** (a line; a row) kureva mutsetse. 
*Nyanja inoti **mzere** (n. lines, strips of meat, of reeds for mats).
Kukanga

Shoko rokuti **kukanga** (Dry roasting; parch) rinoreva kubika chikafu murwenga, poto kana pani isina mvura. Chikafu ichi chinogonga kubikwa chine mafuta mashoma kana kuti pasina mafuta zvachose. Vanhu vanokanga nzungu, chibage, nyimo uye vanokanagwo nyama zvakare. 

## Tsika

Akanga nyimo avangarara.

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Umbundu vanoti **olukango** (n. parched corn) kureva chibage chakakangwa. 
*Kikuyu vanoti **kokaranga** (n. to fry) kureva kukaringa
*Kimbundu vanoti **kukanga** (v. fry). VaTaita vanoti **kukalanga** (n. to fry) kureva kukaringa.
*Herero inoti **vaura** (v.t. parch - roast lightly e.g. corn, peas etc). 
*Sagara vanoti kukaanga (n. to fry) kureva kukanga.
*Chewa inoti **kukanga** (v. to be hard, tough, strong, firm, intractable - not docile or manageable).
*ChiNembe vanoti **kanga** (adj. dry; without water). Mamwe mazwi: kanga (v. become dry by evaporation, draining, wiping, etc.).
Mhangura

**Mhangura** (Nge.: *copper*) isimbi ine ruvara rwakada kutsvukuruka ichipenya kana kuti kutaima. Zita iri rinofanira kunge rakabva pakuti simbi iyi yakatsvukuruka uyewo nekuti ngura yaka tsvukurukawo kunyangwe hazvo kutsvuka kwacho kusina kufanana. Mu Zimbabwe yaisi cherwa pamugodhi unonzi Mhangura. MuAfurika, Zambia ndiyo iri pamusoro munyaya yekucherwa kwesimbi iyi. 

Mhangura ine numeri ye hatomu **29** uye inhangande ye chemushonga ine ratidziko **Cu** (kubva pashoko roChiratini rokuti *Cuprum*)
Mabwe

Ibwe kana buwe (rock in English) imhando yegodo rinowanikwa Pasirose. Matombo ane marudzi akasiyana ose akagadzirwa nokuwumbana kwezvinhu zvinosanganisira muchegwa, madzinde akafa, Ivhu rakakukurwa rikazowumbana, manyau echikwatamabwe nezvimwewo. Pahuzhinji anonzi matombo, mabwe kana mapuwe.

Mamwe maDuramazwi anodudzira achiti dombo ibwe guru - boulder or large rock. Kune nzvimbo iri pedyo neHarare inonzi Domboshava ine mabwe makuru. Domboramwari inzvimbo iri kuEpworth muHarare ine dombo rine tsoka yakatsikapo.

Matombo akakosha pakuti anoshandiswa: kuvaka dzimba, kuveza mifananidzo, uye kukorora simbi kubva maari.

## [[Marudzi ematombo]]

## [[Matombo echikwatamabwe]]

Igneous rocks

## [[Matombo emadzikinyira]]

Sedimentary rocks

## [[Matombo eruvandudzo]]

Metamorphic rocks.

Chivhungahwe (Decomposed rock) apa kureva bvubvururwe rinobuda kana dombo rabvurunhurwa nezvinhu zvinosanganisira mvura inoyerera, gukuravhu, zuva, chando, midzi yemiti uye mhuka dzinofamba dzichitsika matombo aya.

## Shepi dzeMabwe

*Shongwe (tall rock).
*Chikope (overhanging)
*Rukangarabwe (rocky place)
*Munyakwe kana munyaka (soapstone) kutaura mhando yedombo rinotsvedzerera, risina kukukuta.
*Hwendefa kana fendefa (flat stone).
*Chikodziro (overhanging rock).
*Musarasara (small white stones) tutombo tuchena. KuChiweshe kune nzvimbo inonzi Musarara kwete musarasara.
*Dombo (large high rock) kureva ibwe guru rakakwirira. Kune nzvimbo inzonzi Domboshava iri pedyo neHarare.

## Tsumo

*Chigere ibwe, muti unowa. It is the stone that remains (but) the tree will fall. 

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaRundi vanoti ibuye (stone) vachireva ibwe. Kinande vanoti eribwe (the stone, the pebble, the rock, the rock) vachireva ibwe. 
*VaChewa vanoti mwala (stone) vachireva ibwe. VaTaita vanoti iwe (n. stone) vachireva ibwe.
*VaNyakyusa vanoti ilibwe kana amabwe (stone) kureva mabwe. VaWabo vanoti libwe kana malibwe (n. stone) vachireva ibwe.
*VaTonga vanoti indomba kana mandomba (n. rock) vachireva dombo. Gbeya vanoti ta (n. a stone) kureva ibwe.
*[Kimbundu]] vanoti ritari kana matari (stone) kureva ibwe.
Chikwereti

Chikwereti (loan, debt) zvinoreva mari yokupihwa inofanirwa kuzodzorerwa. Mabhanga ane donzvo iroro rokukweretesa mari.

*Kunonzi izwi rokuti chikwereti rakabva kuAfrikaans inoti **skuld**. ChiShona chakras chinoti mungava kureva chikwereti - pahuwandu toti mingava.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Ngava, mangava, mungava, gwanya, magwanya kana mhaka - apa kureva chikwereti.
*Kukwereta kana kutora mungava (to borrow) ndiko kunoitwa nemukumbiri wemari.
*Gwanya kana magwanya (Debt) apa kureva Chikwereti. Zvichida ndipo panobva zita rokuti Magwanyata?
*Kutora mutari (borrow grain).
*Mutari kana mutare (a loan of foodstuff).
*Kuposa kana kuposha (borrow, exchange).
*Kuposana kana kuposhana (exchange). Zvichida ndipo panobva zita rokuti Maposa??
*Kukweretesa (to lend) ndiko kunoitwa nemukumbidzi wemari.

## Tsumo

*Ngava hariripi rimwe ngava. A debt does not settle another debt.
*Mungava haaripi mumwe mungava. A debt does not give to its fellow debt.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaNyungwe neVaWabo vanoti **mangawa** (n. debt) kureva mangava.
*Basotho vanoti **sekoloto** kana **likoloto** (n. debt) vachireva chikwereti.
*Barotse vanoti **mukolotisi** (n. lender, money-lender, etc) kureva munhu anokweretesa.
*VaRwanda vanoti **umwenda** (n. debt) kureva chikwereti. VaGungu vanoti **Ibanza** (n. debt), kureva **chikwereti**. 
*VaGungu vanoti **kuhora** (to lend money), kureva **kukweretesa** mari. Mang'anja vanoti **kubwereka** (borrow) kureva kukwereta.
Ndarama

Iyi isimbi ine ruvara rwakada kuita kunge pakati pezai mbishi uye riine kupenya. Simbi iyi inodaidzwa kunzi *gold* pa chiRungu. Simbi iyi ndiyo inokwanisika kupambadzirwa kupfura dzimwe simbi dzese. Inoshandiswa pakugadzira zvinemeso zvinodhura zvinenge mhete, ndoro, chuma. Inoshandiswawo kugadzira zvinhu zvemagetsi zvinodhura nekuti ino kwanisa kufambisa magetsi (conductor).

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Mukute kana Mukore (Gold) aya mamwe mazita endarama.
*Kuwonga Mukute (panning alluvial gold) zvinoreva kuunganidza mukute unowanikwa mujecha rerukova.

## Tsika

*Nharangani kana shomekari (scarce object;  rare) apa kureva chinhu chisingawanike nyore. Pamwe izwi rokuti nharangani ringashande kuzoturikira chinonzi *rare elements* kuEnglish.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Chewa vanoti **chikudu** (gold) vachireva ndarama. 
*VaVenda vanoti **ndalama** (n. money) vachireva ndarama. Izwi rokuti ndarama rinotodza Greek inoti **drachma** (money).
*VaDigo vanoti **nyiririka** (to glisten; to be shiny) kureva kuvaima. Ko manyiriri kana unyirinyiri chimbori chii?
*Mandinka vanoti sani (n. gold) kureva goridhe. VaTonga vanoti **kung'aima** (v. glisten, gleam) zvichireva kuvaima.
Ivhu

*<small>Kana murikutsvaka zvimwe zvirevo endai uku: [[Ivhu (tsauranisa chirevo)]]</small>*

**Ivhu** (kureva *land; earth*) kana **vhu,** zvinoreva chikamu kana kuti ndima yenyika. Ndima yenyika iyi inokwanisa kunge iri kushandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana zvinosanganisira: kurima, mugodhi, kuvaka musha, kuvaka guta, kuvaka mugwagwa zvichingodaro.

Nyaya yevhu kana kuti yeminda yakatanga kare pakauya varungu muno kuma 1890. Varungu vakanga vauya muZimbabwe vachitsvaga goridhe, asi pavakazoona kuti goridhe rakanga risingangowanikwe pese-pese sezvavaifunga, vakabva vatanga kuita chipata-pata kutora nzvimbo dzekurima nekuchengetera mombe. Kambani yeBSA yakaita kuti zvive nyore kuti varungu vawane minda, uye haina kumboita han’ya nekodzero dzevanhu vatema vakanga vari varidzi venzvimbo dzaitorwa idzi.

Mushure mekurwisana kwevanhu vatema nevarungu muna 1893 na1896/7, vanhu vatema vakakundwa zvekuti varungu ndivo vakanga vave nesimba rese. Vakabva vabvisa vanhu munzvimbo dzakanaka, vachivaisa mumaruzevha ane ivhu risina kunaka.  Vadaro, vakabva vatanga kubhadharisa vanhu vatema miripo yevhu ravo. Izvi zvakakonzera kuti vanhu vatema vatsvage basa kuvarungu avo vaivadzvinyirira vachivapa mari shoma.

## Mamwe Mazwi

* Chigurwa chenyika (parcel of land).
* Rupande rwemunda (part of a field).

## Tsika

* Mumakore ekurwa hondo yerusununguko vanhu vakanga vaine chinangwa chokudzora kuvanhu vatema, ivhu remadzitateguru avo.
* Kutanga gore 1997 Zimbabwe yakange yosimudzira kutaura nhau yokuti, ivhu kuvanhu.

## Mitauro yeAfrika

* Bor inoti fu (n. area; tribe) kureva nharaunda kana rudzi.
Bonga-musakwani

**Bunga-masakwani** (*Gaboon Viper* pachiRungu) inyoka inowanikwa munyika yeZimbabwe. Zita renyoka iyi rinobva pakuti mavara eganda rayo akada kufanana nemashizha akawoma (sakwani)-kunga-masakwani, bunga masakwani, senge masakwani, (mashizha akaoma). Izvi zvinoita kuti kana yakahwanda musakwani inetse kuwona. Zvinoibatsira pakutsvaga chikafu apo inoita zveku hwandira mhuka. Mhuka painoti ipfure ndopainobva yabatwa. Nyoka iyi ine mazino akareba kupfura edzimwe nyoka dzese pasi rese. Mazino acho anonzi anokwanisa kureba masendimita 5.5

Mu Zimbabwe inongowanikwa nzvimbo dziri kumabvazuva kwenyika uko kuno naya mvura yakawanda Huturu hwenyoka iyi imhando yehwuya hwuno kuvadza ropa (*haemotoxin* pa chiRungu) uye hwuno kwanisa kuwuraya munhu. Imwe mhando yehwuturu hwunowanikwa munyoka huturu hwunokuvadza uropi (*neuro-toxin* pa chiRungu)
Kuhamba

Shoko rokuti **kuhamba** (motion or moving) rinotaura chinhu chisina kumira panzvimbo imwe chiri kuenderera kuchinja nzvimbo yachiri nokufamba kwenguva. Kuhamba kunoitika nenzira dzakasiyana dzinosanganisira kuhamba kwakati twasu, kuhamba knoshanduka spidhi, kuhamba kunoshanduka rudzivo, kuhamba kwekutenderera zvichingodaro.

Izwi rokuti kuhamba rinobva kuchiManyika richireva kufamba kana kuenda kwechinhu kana munhu.
Kusunda

Shoko rokuti **kusunda** kana kuti kusairira (pushing) zvinoreva kuisa fosi pane chinhu munhu kana muchina uri kuisa fosi iri akatarisa kuri kuenda chinhu chacho kana chofamba nokuda kwefosi iyi. Muenzaniso yokusunda tingati kusunda bhara rinevhu kana paya  tinoona ana jega vachisunda ngoro dzavo.

Panosundwa mutoro panoitikawo imwe fosi inopesana neyatanga kusunda, fosi iyi inopesana tichaiti fosi inodzorera - reactive force. Fosi inodzorera inoenda kwakapesana nefosi inotekenya, asi fosi mbiri idzi dzine huhombe hwakaenzana.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Baila vanoti **ku sunda** (to shove) kureva kusunda.
*Vatauri veZulu vanoti **sunduza** (v. hustle, push) vachireva kusunda.
*VaWanga vanoti **okhusunda** (add fuel to fire; stoke; move the long sticks further into the fire; incite; provoke; cause to do; persuade to action).
*Luganda vanoti okusunda (v. Pump) kureva kupomba.
Muzasedimbu

Muchidzidzo masvomhu, izwi rokuti **rugamhidzano** (Proportionality in English) rinotaura huripo pakati pehuwandu hwezvipimwa zviviri. Ngatitii munhu anoshanda pabasa panobhadhara $60 pazuva (8hr). Kana akashanda 6 awa anenge akafanirwa kubhadharwa $45 kana kuti (60 x 6/8) nokuti ashanda dimbu rezuva chete. Iyi ndiyo mari inoyenderana nenguva yaashanda. Akashandawo 4  awa, anenge akafanirwa kubhadharwa $30 kana kuti (60 x 4/8). Saka apa mubhadharo unopiwa serugamhidzano rwemari yepazuva rose rokubata basa (8hrs).  Kutaura kwekuti muzasedimbu kunorevera kuti huwandu hwemari yabhadharwa hunofananidzwa nemari yekushanda zuva rose  nedimbu rinonyorwa patsazaniso sezvizvi:

**Mari yabhadharwa   =  (Mari yepazuva  x  Nguva yashandwa)/(Nguva yekushandwa pazuva)  =  (60 x N) x 1/(8)**

Kureva kuti chikamu chezuva chinobhadharwa chichitevera chivavatara chemuzasedimbu **1/8**, apa N anomirira awa dzashandwa pazuva. Munhu achinge ashanda zuva rose (8hr) anowana chikamu (8/8 =  1) chemari yepazuva, inova (60 X 1)

## Mhando dzeRugamhidzano

 : *y* = 1/*x* Kuti pabude *y* panokondekwa *x* kunze kwepana *x = 0*. 

Rugamhidzano rwakadondeka runoitika apo huwandu hwechinhu huchinge huchikura panokurawo huwandu hwechimwe chepiri. Somuenzaniso wapiwa pamusoro wokuti mari inobhadhrwa munhu inowanda nokuwandawo kuniota nguva yaashanda. Mumwe muenzaniso weRugamhidzano rwakadondeka runowonekwa nderwekuti chikafu chinodyiwa nevanhu pamabiko chinowanda nokuwanda kunoitawo vanhu vauya pamabiko.

Rugamhidzano rwakakondeka runoitika apo huwandu hwechinhu huchinge huchidzika apo panenge pachikwira huwandu hwechimwe chepiri. Somuenzaniso kana muchovha uri kufamba kubva Harare kuenda kwaMutare, nguva inotorwa kufamba rwendo urwu inodzika apo panokwira spidhi yemuchovha. Apa tinoti spidhi nenguva yerwendo zvine Rugamhidzano rwakakondeka. Kana pachisakurwa maricho, nguva inotorwa kusakura munda acre rimwe inodzika kana huwandu hwevanhu vari kushanda maricho huchikwira. Apa zvakare nguva  yekusakura nehuwandu hwevanhu zvine Rugamhidzano rwakakondeka.

Mashoko ari pano achada kugadziridzwa kuti areve zvinodiwa nemazvo.
Kuturika

Shoko rokuti **kuturika** (to hang, suspend) rinoreva kutsveta chinhu panzvimbo yokuti chinenge chakarembera padenga pangava pamuti, pachipikiri chiri kumadziro, pamutariro, kana papi pamwe pachingarembedzwa. Shoko rokuti kuturika rinoshanidswawo kutaura chiitiko chekugadza marata kana huswa panhungo nembariro panopfirirwa denga remba.

*Kuturuka (to come out, come down, dismount).
*Kutura (to put down load, perch).
*Kukorekedza (to hang up on a hook; hook up) zvichireva kukochekera pachikochechero chiri padenga.
*Kukorekera (be and remain hanging or suspended) zvichireva kurembera pachikochechero chiri padenga.

## Tsika

Kupa kuturika. Apa kureva kuti kana wapa mumwe musi uchapihwawo.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Kikongo vanoti **kutula** (to untie). Mamwe mazwi: **kutuluka** (to come loose, get free, come undone, untied).
*Kikongo vanoti **kutulula** (to untie, undo, unfasten, liberate, loose, free, release, extricate).
*Bavili vanoti **tulikë** (v. to be constructed).  Mamwe mazwi: **tululë** (v. to destroy).
Kuvinga

Shoko rokuti **kuvinga** (to come for) rinoshandiswa kutaura chikonzero munhu awuya panzvimbo yaauya. Somuenzaniso tingati "Jesu **akavinga** kuzoponesa vatadzi achivaregerera zvivi zvavo". Apa patotaurwa chikonzero icho Jesu vakauyira panyika. Munhu akabvunza kuti "Wavingeyi?" anenge ari kuda kuziva chawauya kuzoona, kuzotora, kunzwa, kuita zvichingodaro.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Lugwere inoti **mubbingi** (n. pursuer, chaser) vachireva mudzinganisi. Mamwe mazwi: mubbumbi (n. potter) kureva muumbi, muvumbi kana muwumbi.
*BaRonga vanoti **n'wingi** kana **vingi** (v. daughter-in-law) vachireva muroora.
*Chindali inoti biinga (v. hunt) kureva kuvhima. Mamwe mazwi: umubiingi (n. hunter) kureva muvhimi. Apa bii achidudzwa kunzi **βii**.
Kusvuura

Kusvuura kana kusvuvura (remove outer covering e.g. skin or bark from tree) zvinoreva kupatsanura zvinhu zviviri zvakanama kana kubatana kusvika zvave chimwe nechimwe kwacho chega. Kusvuura kunogona kuitika nenzira yokukakata zvinhu zviviri zvakatetepa sezviya zvinoitwa kana munhu achisvuura rwodzi kubva pagwati remuti. Kusvuura kunokwanisa kuitika nenzira yokupara kana kumara chinhu chakapendewa kana chakanamirwa bepa, sokuti munhu akatora banga anokwanisa kupara pendi yakapenda muchovha.

Ganda remunhu rinogona kusvuuka kana rakwesherana nechinhu chinomara kana chikukutu sepaya pokuti munhua apunzika achimhanya osviko kweshera ibvi padombo kana pahuswa. Ipapa ganda repabvi rinokwanisa kusvuuka. Panobviswa *cellotape* kuti tiname zvinhu tinoita yokukwatanura kana kuti kusvuura.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Kupondora, kuponora kana **kubura** (strip bark from a tree).
*Kusvuura kana kusvuuka (v. To chafe).

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Kinande inoti **eríhonóla** (v. remove the crust on a wound). Vanoti muhini** (n. handle) kureva mupini. 
*[[Kinande]] vanoti **eríhonóka''' (v. to hurt yourself lightly producing a scratch a wound). Vanoisa h pamwe patinoisa p.
*Mandinka vanoti sura (v. separate grain from stalk by pounding).
*Lubwisi vanoti kuhonola (v. Abrade your skin by rubbing your skin against something) kureva kuponora.
Kukwachura

Shoko rokuti kukwachura (snap off or shear in English) rinoreva kupatsanura zvinhu nenzira inokasira uye nefosi rakakura, pasina hurubvu hunosara pakwachura. Kazhinji kana chinhu chichikwachurwa kunenge kwashandiswa fosi rakati sambamba nemutumbi wacho. Somuenzaaniso munhu akagwinha mubato wegonhi zvine fosi huru inonanga pasi, mubato unokwanisa kukwachuka wosara uri mumaoko ake. Kana tichitanha mashizha emuriwo tinogona kuita nenzira yokukwachura mashizha acho. Apa zvakare fosi racho rinotanha muriwo rinonanga pasi. Pakubvisa muguri wechibage kubva padzinde tinoita zvokukwachura zvakare.

## Tsika

*Bhachi dzvuku riya ndairida nemoyo wangu wose zvokuti pandakapa Kudzai ndakatoita zvokukwachura kubva pamoyo wangu. Apa kureva chinhu chaaida nomoyo wose zvokuti chinetsa kuchisiya kana kupa mumwe munhu.

*Iwe usarembera pamubato wegonhi unozo**kwachuka**.
Chiso (Chiumbwa)

Muchidzidzo chePimanyika, chiso (surface) inzvimbo ine miganhu unotarwa nehwasha uye hurefu asi pasina hudzamu. Muenzaniso ungapiwa ndeuyo watinoouna takatarisa pamusoro petafura, madziro emba, garo repoto, denga remba zvichingodaro. 

Zvakakosha kutsambidzira kuti chiso hauna hudzamu nyangwe zvavo uchitsigirwa nechivakwa kana mbiru dzine hudzamu.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Tumbuka vanoti mtunda (surface, ground) kureva nzvimbo iri pamusoro pechinhu. KuShona tingati dandare.
*Kimbundu vanoti **mutala** (n. face; on the top) kureva kumeso kana pamusoro.
Kubvarura

Shoko rokuti kubvarura rinoreva kutsemura zvinhu zvitete nenzira yokukakata kana kudhonzerana. Zvinhu zvinotaurwa kuti zvinobvaruka zvinosanganisira izvo zvakagadzirwa nemapepa kana machira. Saka mbatya, magumbeze, pepanhau, jira, dehwe zvinotaurwa kunzi zvabvaruka.

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*VaBambara vanoti fara (v. 1. rip, tear, separate; 2. vi. rip, separate; 3. turn, branch off, diverge, fork; stem from). 
*VaBambara vanoti fara (n. n. separation).