open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Avhareji

Avhareji (average in English) zvinoreva nhamba iri pakati pedzimwe inowanikwa nekuhwerengedza nhamba dziripo, mhinduro yacho yogovaniswa nehuwandu hwenhamba dziripo. Somuenzaniso vana vanopedza zvidzidzo zvePrimary School vari paavhareji yemakore 13 ekuberekwa. 

Kana tiine nhamba gumi sezvizvi: 13; 16; 22; 34; 37; 35; 11; 14; 19; 23 tinotanga tahwerengedza towana 224. Danho rinotevera tinogovanisa negumi tichizowana avhareji iri 22,4 inova pakati nepakati penhamba idzi.

## Kupiwa kwezita

*Pakutaura kwemazuva ano tinotaurawo kuti avhareji sokunge izwi reChiShona, saka pano pangonyorwawo nemanyorero edu echivanhu zvichibva pamataurire edu.
*Mazuvano mari yebhazi kubva Harare kusvika kwaHauna iri kuavhareja $10 kuenda chete.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*MaZulu vanoti **linda** (Be of average height or size; be of correct size). 
*MaZulu vanoti **Akamude ulindile-nje** (He is not too tall, he is just of average height). 
*MaZulu vanoti **umumo** (Feature, characteristic; state). Mamwe mazwi: **umumo** kana **ubumo** (average number).
*MaZulu vanoti **isimo** (Form, shape, nature, character). Muenzaniso: **isimo somuntu** (the character of a person) vachireva hunhu hwemunhu.
Rheti

Muchidzidzo cheMasvomhu, rheti (rate) izwi rinoreva hukama huripo pakati penhamba dzine nzenda dzakasiyana. Nokumwe kutaura rheti  igovano yezvinhu zviviri zvine nzenda yakasiyana. Muenzaniso wekupima nerheti inosanganisira spidhi, kurova hwehana (Heart beat), pawa. Izvi zvataurwa zvine nzenda dzinoti: spidhi (metres/second); kurova kwehana (beats/second); pawa (Joules/Second). 

Kazhinji rheti inotaurwa pakuverenga huwandu hwechipimwa huchiyereniswa nenguva yadarika; asi tinogonawo kushandisa nhambwe, huremu zvichingodaro. Sokuti tarakita yangu inofamba 10km pa Rita repeturu, kana kuti nyama iri kutengwa nemutengo we $5 pa Kg.
Lobengula

**VaLobengula Khumalo** (c.1845 - (kusvika pamwe) Ndira 1894) ndiye aive mambo weMandebele. Lobengula aive nevanakomana vatatu vainzi Mpezeni, Njube naNguboyenja. Vana ava vakaenda kunodzidza kuchikoro kuCape Town kuma 1895. Vana vaLobengula havana kuzotonga mushure mababa vavo. Mpezeni akafa muna 1899, Njube muna 1910 uye Nguboyenja akafa mugore ra1944.
Kugwishura (Masvomho)

Muchidzidzo cheMasvomhu shoko rokuti kugwishura **(truncate)** riri kushandiswa kureva kutema muganhu weminwe iri kurudyi rwakoma panhamba inenge iri mhando yedimbu remuravanegumi.

Sokuti nhamba dzinotevera dzikagwishurwa paminwe mina, tinosiya minwe mina iri kudivi rerudyi pedyo nakoma, sezvizvi:

3.45676345 inosara yava 3.4567 chete.

1.102311 inosara yava 1.1023 chete.

2.232649 inosara yava 2.2326 chete. 

Kugwishura nhamba kwakafanana nekurhaunda kwakanaga kuna zero.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaNyungwe vanoti **-gwatira** (shorten) kureva kupfupisa.
*VaNyungwe vanoti **-gwata** (cut hair or firewood) kureva kudimbura.
Chomutengure

Pakauya varungu kuma1890, vakanga vaine ngoro dzerudzi rwemawagoni dzaidhonzwa nemombe dzakawanda kwazvo. Ngoro idzi dzaigadzirirwa nzira nevanhu vatema vaitema miti nekugobora. Vamwe vanhu vatema vakapihwa basa rekutyaira mombe dzengoro, uye vamwe vari vatungamiri vemombe dzacho. Kufamba kwengoro mavhiri adzo achitenderera chaive chishamiso chaicho kuvanhu saka ngoro dzemawagoni idzi dzakapihwa zita rekuti chomutengure. Kutengura zvichireva kutakura. Ndipo pakabva chimbo chinonzi Chava Chemutengure Vhiri reNgoro.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Izwi rokuti butengu (n. disobedience, noncompliance) rinotaurwa mururimi rweLugwere kuUganda.
*Izwi rokuti kutengula (v. entice, lure, tempt, decoy, appeal to; win somebody’s heart) rinotaurwa mururimi rweLugwere.
*Izwi rokuti kutenguwa (v. refuse to do something when asked;disobey.) rinotaurwa mururimi rweLugwere.
Chitendero chechiKristu

**Chitendero chechiKristu** (Christianity).

Panguva yemukorezana wegumi nenhanhatu (16th Century) mamishenari echiPutukezi esvondo yeKatorike (Roman Catholic) akaedza kutendeutsa vanhu vemuzinda waMutapa kuchiKristu. Asi zvakanga zvakaoma kuti vatendeutse vanhu nekuti vanhu vazhinji vakanga vakabatira mutsika nehunhu hwavo.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaMambwe vanoti **mulondezi** (a follower, disciple) kureva mudzidzi.
Mamishenari

**Mamishenari ekutanga**
Baba Gonzalo da Silveira vaive mumishenari wesvondo yeKarorike. Vakatendeutsa vanhu vakawanda munzvimbo dzavakapfuura nadzo. Mugore ra1561, vakabudirira zvishoma pakutendeutsa mambo Mutapa. Asi mugore rimwe chete iroro Baba Silveira vakaurayiwa nekuda kwemakuhwa ekuti ma**Putukezi** akanga achiuya kuzopamba nyika yevatema.
Gonzalo da Silveira

**Kuurayiwa kwaBaba Gonzalo da Silveira**

Zvakazoonekwa kuti Baba Gonzalo da Silveira vakanga vasina hurongwa hwekupamba nyika. Mambo Mutapa vakave nehurombo nekuurayiwa kwemunhu waMwari uyu. Asi maPutukezi akatozowana mukana wekushandisa kuurayiwa kwaBaba Silveira kuronga zvekutora nyika ino.
Chirheyi

Kare vanhu vatema vaichengeta mombe sehupfumi. Mombe dzaive dzekudya nyama pamwe chete nekukama mukaka. Asi pakauya varungu, vanhu vatema vakatanga kusunga mombe kuti dzidhonze zvirheyi. Asi nekufamba kwenguva, zvakaonekwa kuti zvirheyi zvakanga zvichikonzera kukurwa kwevhu zvekuti kubva muna 1957, zvirheyi zvakanga zvisisabvumidzwe. Zvirheyi zvakazotsiviwa nengoro.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Lozi vanoti **silei** (n. sleigh, sledge for goods) kureva chirheyi.
Rukoto

*Rukoto (stream; tributary of river)
*Rukoto (payment for using land in another chief's area).

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Kikongo inoti **kota** (to enter, to come in, to pass in, penetrate, flow in, sink in, set as the sun).  
*VaKongo vanoti **kotwa** (to be entered). Mamwe mazwi: **kota kunanxi** (to put or pass under).
*VaKongo vanoti **kotesa** (cause to enter, put, take in, insert, admit, fetch in, load a canoe).
Rukoto (muripo)

Shoko rokuti rukoto (tribute) rinoreva mari inoripwa nenyika ndonda kune imwe nyika mhitsa iri mari yekubvuma kuti nyika ndonda yakakurirwa nenyika mhitsa, kana kuti nyika mhitsa ine chivimbiso chokudzivirira nyika ndonda kubva kumawuto emhandu dzayo. Izvi zvoreva kuti panenge paine chivimbo chokuti nyika mhitsa ichagona kudzivirira nyika ndonda. Ipapa nyika dzinogona kunge dziri pasi pamadzishe sechinyakare kana pasi pemakurukota ehurumende sazvino.

Kunonzi muripo werukoto wairipawo zvakare kana munhu arima bindu mudunhu remumwe Ishe asiwake, uri muripo wekuripa ivhu raShe iyeyo. Vamwe vaturi vanoti kuruva, sokuti mamwe marudzi airipa mutero wekuruva kumaPutukezi munguva dzakare. Wacho anotambira mutero wemhando iyi anonzi muruvisi. 

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Ishe akurirwa muhondo ndiye airipa rukoto kune mumwe Ishe ainge akunda muhondo yacho.
*Gore negore nyika yaShe Maringwa yaipereka rukoto rwemakumi mashanu emombe kuna Ishe Chimukaka.
*Chiruvo, mutero kana mupeto (tax) imari inoripwa kuhurumende yenyika, yeguta kana yedunhu yakanangana nekubhadhara hushumiri hunoitwa nehurumende kuvagari venzvimbo. 
*Wacho anotambira mutero iyi anonzi muteresi, mupetisi kana muruvisi.
Imbumbu

Imbumbu/vulva  libizo Lesitho somzimba sowesimame sangasese.
Kuvanywe ukutsho isitho sonke manganese sowesifane. 

Imbumbu iyindlela eya esibelethweni(uterus). Inemizwa eyenza ucansi lubemnandi, lomuntu wesifazane azizwe esitsha.
Ingakho singayihlukanisa kathathu, ukweza ucansi(sexual intercourse) , for ubunandi, ukubeletha umtwana(give birth) loluchema(urethra) amalebe(labia)
Indumba(for lack of a better word)(clit).

Imbumbu/sbumbu, ngamanye amazwi singathi ngamasimu, ngaphandle kwayo kuvame ukumila inwele/inzinza(pubic hair). Kuyalinywa.amanye amabizo embumbu yilawa
Gwayi, Golo, stere, nkomo.
Hwangwaridza

Shoko rokuti hwangwaridza (interstice, narrow gap) rinoreva kamutswe kana kahwangwadza kadikidiki kari pakati pezvinhu zvakabatana kana zviri pedyo napedyo.
Mutemo

Mutemo (a law, a decision) inoshandiswa kutaura zvinotenderwa kuitwa nezvisingatenderwe munyika kana sangano.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Chin'orwa (Object of avoidance rule)
*Chironzo (1. a law; 2. an urgent commission; 3. dictate - an authoritative order or command). Izwi rokuti Chironzo rinotaurwa kuChiNdau.
*Muko
*Murawu, murao kana murawo (law; regulation; rule).
*Chirevo (a law, a decree, an order).
*Nhemo (an order, decision or rules made by chief) apa kureva mutemo wakaitwa naShe wedunhu.
*Mupango (law, commandment, order) iri izwi reChiNdau rinoreva mutemo. Pakuwanda kwonzi mipango.
*Kutema Chirevo kana kutema mutemo (make a law).
*Kudarika mitemo kana kuputsa mutemo (break a law).
*Kutemera (to appoint). Mutemeri izita remhuri.
*Kutema mhosva (to give sentence; settle).
*Kutema (to decide a matter).
*Kukunukudza (rescind, reverse) izwi reChiNdau rinoreva kudzima zvanga zvatemwa nemutemo. 

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Kudzai Mambo Mwari! Unomuchena munhuwo unomutya Mambo Mwari, Unomuchena munhuwo unomutya Mambo Mwari, uwo unodakara kakurutu ngemipango yake. **Psalm 112:1** (Bhaibheri reChiNdau).
*Asi kuti musikandironzeri hope, chiripo chironzo chimwe kwomuri: I’ve decided that if you don’t tell me the dream, there is only one sentence passed on all of you. (*Daniel 2:9* Bhaibheri reChiNdau).
*.... ndinozo**pangazve** makore kuti asanayisa mvura padera pawo: I will command the clouds not to send rain. (Isaiah 5:6, Bhaibheri reChiNdau).

## Mitauro yeChiBantu

*Nyungwe  vanoti **mtemo** (n. law) kureva mutemo. Zigula vanoti **kutema** (n. rule) kureva kutema.  
*Luganda vanoti etteka (rule).  VaGogo vanoti **mtemi** (leader, rule) kureva mutongi.
*VaGogo vanoti **utemi** (right to rule; chiefdom, chiefship) kureva kodzero yokutonga uye hutongi.
* VaIkizu vanoti **-tema** (rule over, reign) kureva kutonga. VaFwe vanoti **muraho** (law) kureva murao. 
*VaLozi vanoti **mulao** (law) kureva mutemo. VaGanda vanoti **msangu** kana **etteeka** (law) kureva mutemo.
*VaGungu vanoti **kiragiro**  (Commandment) kureva murairo. VaNyoro vanoti **ekiragiro** (law) kureva murairo. 
*MaZulu vanoti **umthetho** (1. Law, custom, rule, edict, statute; 2. Pronouncement, arrangement, system) kureva mutemo.
Kuongorora

Shoko rokuti kuongorora kana kuwongorora (examine; analyse) rinoreva kutarisisa chinhu kana mhaka nechinangwa chekunzwisisa mamimiriro ezvinhu kana nhoroondo yekuti mhaka iripo yakambofamba sei.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Kupenengura (Analyzing; to look into something carefully)
*Mhenenguro (Analysis)

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Herero vanoti vonga kana onga (collect, gather up, heap up, accumulate) zvichireva
kuunganidza. Mamwe mazwi:
omuonge (n. collector).
*Herero vanoti omaongero (n. collection, gathering). Mamwe mazwi: vongara, ongara (gather together).
*MaZulu vanoti onga (Skim, take off the surface).
*Kimbundu vanoti -ongeka; lunjika kana -bongolola (assemble, gather, attach) vachireva kuwonga.
*Kimbundu inoti kuongoloa (v. observe; to repair; inspect; visit). Umbundu inoti ongolola (cut up meat). 
*Bushong vanoti **ongama** (Side by side).
Mutauro

**Mutauro** (ku Chingezi: language) kana **rurimi** hunhu wevanhu unoita vakwanise kutaurirana, uye mutauro unorevawo muenzaniso wezvinoitika. Ruzivo rwakadzama nezvemitauro runonzi ururimi (*linguistics*). Nyanzvi dzemitauro dzinonzi vanagodobori.

Pane kufungidzirwa kwehuwandu nezvemitauro pasirose yakasiyana-siyana pakati pe5000 ne7000.  Nyanzvi dzinofungidzira kuti pakati pemakumi mashanu kubva muzana yemitauro kuchange kuchina zvekuti pakupera kwegore 2100 inenge yaparara.

Mitauro iri kushanduka nekufamba kuri kuita nguva, nemunhoroondo yekushanduka inogona kuvakiridzwa nekuenzaniso nemitauro yemazuva ano. Mitauro inotaurwa nevanhu vakabva kumadzitateguru ane madzinza akafanana vanotaura mhuri ye mitauro yakafanana. 

Marudzi anonyanyotaurwa anosanganisira mitauro yeChiindo-Yuropu (neChirungu neChispanishi), mitauro yeChisino-Tibheti (neChimandarini, Chikandonisi), mitauro yeChiafurika-Ezhiya (neChiarabhu, Chiamhari, Chisomari, neChihebheru), nemitauro yeChibantu (neChiswahiri, Chizulu, Chishona).

## Tsananguro ye mutauro
Mashoko aripazasi ndiwo anoshandiswa kutsanangura zvemaumbirwo omutauro. 

## Umbamutauro
*Tarisafuti [[Umbamutauro]]*

*Constructed language* kana *Conlang* mutauro une ruambainzwi (*phonology*), maumbirwo, uye mazwi, pachinzvimbo chekukudziridza zvakasikwa, zvine hungwaru zvakaumbwa kana kugadzirwa sebasa rekunyepedzera. Mitauro yakaumbwa inogona zvakare kutaurwa semitauro yekunyepedzera, mitauro yakarongwa kana mitauro yakaumbwa uye mune dzimwe nguva, mitauro yekunyepedzera.

## Mitauro yeBantu
*VaGanda vanoti **olulimi** (language) kureva rurimi. VaKongo vanoti **ndinga** (language) kureva mutauro.
*VaBukusu vanoti **chiindomo** (languages, dialects) kureva mutauro kana muyambonyina.
*VaNgala vanoti **lokota** (language) kureva mutauro. VaShambala vanoti **mbuli** (n. language).
*VaGanda vanoti **bigambo** (language) kureva mutauro. VaIkizu vanoti **ikigambu** (n. speech; language).
*Lugha (n. language). SOkuti Atlas ya lugha za Tanzania (Atlas of the languages of Tanzania.

## Mabviro eruzivo
Nhohwe

Shoko rokuoti nhohwe (person of no importance) rinotaurwa kurevera munhu asina kukosha mumeso evavo vanofunga kudaro.

Lonely person - nhohwe

## Kurerutsa mutauro

*Munguva yehurumende yaIan Smith vanhu vatema vakanga vachibatwa senhohwe munyika yemadzitateguru avo.
Mhodzi

**Mhodzi** (seed) inhengo yedzinde inokura pane ruva mumadzinde mazhinji inova ndiyo inomera kana ichinge yadyarwa muvhu pane mvura. Shoko iri rinoshandiswa kureva mbeu dzemichero inoti: manhanga, manwiwa, mapudzi; magwavha.  Izwi iri rinoshanda kana mbeu dziri mukati memuchero uye dzichiwanikwa dzakawanda mumuchero umwe.

*Mhudzi  (seeds of melon species).

Havire (seed selected and preserved for the planting season) kana havira kureva mbeswa dzakachengeterwa kudyarwa mwaka unotevera.
Mudodo

Mudodo (slim, lightly built person) zvinoreva munhu mutete. 

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Kuwondoroka kana kuwonda (emaciated) apa kureva kuva ndonda.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaZigula vanoti **udodo** (littleness; smallness; youngness; singularity; small amount or small number) kureva hudiki kana hushoma.
*Baila vanoti **tushimbi tukofu** (thin little girls) kureva tusikana tutete.
*VaTsonga vanoti **tsongo** (little, small). Mamwe mazwi: **xitsongo** (n. minor). Fananidzai nokuti kutsonga?
Kudonongora

Shoko rokuti kudonongora (tell fully) rinoreva kutaura zvose pasina chinosara. Vamwe vatauri vanoti kudenengura, kana kumotsa. Motsi rikagova zita remhuri. 

*Horokodzwa (1. Detailed information, 2. Exhaustive account) apa kureva hudonongodzwa hwenhau iri kutaurwa.
*Kudorongodza (Explain in detail and in order) zvichireva kutaura zvose zvakaitika zvakarongeka semaitikiro azvo.
*Kudorongosha (Over-talkative).
*Kumotsa (to explain minutely)
*Udorongodzwa (list, enumerate)

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Natsa kudonongora zvose zvakaitika pamakaenda kuKariba.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Kimbundu vanoti kutongonoka (v. be understandable).
*Sangho vanoti dongo (classification, sub-divide, measure out). Mamwe mazwi: dongbi (v. classify, organise). Dongbise (n. hierachy). 
*Sangho vanoti **dongbingo** (n. classification, organization). Mamwe mazwi: dongongbi (organise, plan, organization, planning).
Rombedza

Shoko rokuti rombedza (soften by soaking) rinoreva kunyika zvinhu kuti dzipfave - uku kungava kunyika mbeu kuti dzitotere nemvura dzisati dzadyarwa kana kunyika chibage chisati chadzvurwa kuti sadza romudzvurwa.

*Kumbombeka (Soften by soaking) kana kuombeka kureva kupfavisa nenzira yekunyika mumvura. 
*Kumbombera (Become soft through soaking) kana kurombera.
*bvuve kana bvuvi (ideophone of immersing something in water for a long time).
*Kubvuvika (Immerse or soak - for a long time) zvichireva kuombeka chinhu mumvura.
*Kubvuvira (to add malt or yeast when brewing beer) Vanobika hwahwa vanobvuvira nezuva retatu. Brewers of beer add malt on the third day of its preparation. 

## Zvenyika yeZimbabwe

*Mudunhu rekwaZvimba kune ruwa runonzi Murombedzi.

*Dombe  ideo of Softening by soaking. 
*Kudombedza Soak (e.g. hide; bark) zvichireva kuombeka. 
*Kudombeka, kurombera kana kunyadzika (1. Soak; 2. Make soft, pliable - through soaking). Zvichida izwi iri rinokwanisa kushandiswa kuturikira chinonzi **conditioning** kuEnglish?
*Kudombera (1. Be pliable - through soaking; 2. Become soft through soaking e.g. rice). 
*Dehwe radombera: the hide is not stiff any more.
Kudosha

Shoko rokuti kudosha rinoreva kushungurudza munhu nenzira yekumubvunza mibvunzo yakawandisa. Vamwe vatauri vanoti kunhosha.

Shoko iri tinokwanisa kurishandisa kuturikira inonzi *interogating* kuEnglish.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Vasungwa vehondo vakadoshwa nayo mibvunzo kuti vadudze pavakanga vaviga zvombo.
Kumhanya

Kumhanya (running) zvinoreva kukanda tsoka imwe pamberi peimwe uchiita izvi nokukasira.

## Mamwe mashoko

*Dovo kana dowo  (act of running). Ita dovo. 
*Tarisai mudovodzanwa.
*Kunzunzuta kana kudorinha zvinoreva kumhanya zvishomane kunonzi *trotting* kuChirungu.
*Kurumba, kukwirima zvinoreva kumhanya.
*Kumhiniminika (run as fast as possible) zvichireva kukwetura kana kumhanya zvakasimba somunhu anomhanyiswa nembwa.
*Hwitikwiti (ideophone of 1. Running as fast as possible; 2. Turning over and over in the air as a stick thrown).
*Kuhwitikwidza (1. Cause to run as fast as possible; 2. Throw an object that turns over and over in the air).

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaRundi, VaRwanda neVaGwere vanoti **kwiruka** (run , take of, flee, hurry) vachireva kumhanya. 
*VaRwanda vanoti **kwirukana** (to run after). Bunoge inoti dù:nù (v. run) kureva mhanya.
*VaTiriki vanoti **khwirukha** (to run away, to flee). Mamwe mazwi: **khwirukha kalaha** (run slowly). **Khwirukha miriviri** (run quickly). **Khwirukha tsimbiru** (run quickly from).
*VaYao vanoti **kuutuka** (to run). VaWabo vanoti **aguva** (hurry oneself). 

*Kune chidawo chemutupo wemhofu chinonzi nyakuyiruka.
Yakawa nemusana

Chirevo chokuti yakawa nemusana chinotaura kana munhu asangana nechinhu chamurerukira kuita kana achifananidza nedzimwe nhambo dzaakamboita chinhu ichi. Chirevo ichi chinotaurwawo zvakare apo kuwana zviro zviri kutsvagwa kwareruka zvakanyanya tichifananidza nenguva dzakapfuura.

Mashoko ekuti kuwa nemusana anofananidzira mhuka yawa nemusana zvokuti haichanetsi kutema uye haichagoni kudzinganisa munhu zviri nyore - simba rayo raita seratapudzwa.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Mazuvano goridhe rakawa nemusana kwaMutare, nokuti makorokoza vakabata bhande rine hunzanza hwechitofu chine mukute wakawanda.
Kurova pasi petsoka

**Kurova pasi petsoka**, chirevo chinoreva kuita zvinhu zvekubira kana kucheredza nenzira yokuti uyo ari kuzviitirwa anotadza kuzviona kana kuti nyangwe akazviona haana chaanokwanisa kuita pamusoro pazvo. Vamwe vanoti chirevo ichi chakavamba apo mawuto evasori veCIO vanonzi vairova vasungwa pasi petsoka kuri kuedza kuvanza kuti musungwa akarohwa zvakaomarara. Kunonzi apo vasungwa vairohwa pasi petsoka panguva iyo vaidoshwa nemibvunzo nechinangwa chekuti vadure mhosva dzavaipomerwa. Vanotaura vanoti pasi petsoka hapakasire kuzvimba kana kusara pachitaridza kuti parohwa saka vasori vakasarudza kurova nhengo iyoyi yemuviri.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Varume vari kuyambutsa vanhu pana Limpopo vari kurova pasi petsoka kana munhu achida kuyambutswa kupinda muSouth Africa.
Dopfa

Dopfa (tender meat) zvinoreva nyama yakapfva zvakanyanya yakadai sechitaka.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Chitaka idopfa.

*Bhanana idopfa.
Mhororodzi

Mhororodzi (water stain) zvinoreva mavara anosarira payererwa nemvura kana kuti pajira ranga riri nyoro. Mhororodzi inobuda zvikurusei kana mvura yayerera iyi isina kuchena kana kuti yasiya chimwe chawomerera change chakanyungudika mairi. Vamwe vatauri vanoti dororodzi.
Ziso rakasara panzara

Chirevo chokuti kutarisa neziso rakasara panzara zvinoreva kutarira uchiita zvekubira uchitarira nedivi reziso usinganatsi kudondeka zvauri kutarisa.
Bhora Pasi

Kana munhu achiudzwa kunzi bhora pasi anenge achiyambirwa kuti asapaparike, asataurise, azvibate. Kazhinji mashoko aya anotaurwa nokuti maitiro emunhu anenge aine achizokonzera  kuvhiringa mafambiro ebasa riripo. Apa munhu anenge achinzi adzikame, kana kuti kueuchidzwa miganhu yekuzvibata nayo.

Mashoko okuti bhora pasi anotodza zvinotarisirwa nedzimwe nyanzvi dzemutambo wenhabvu kuti bhora kana rabanhwa rirambe riri pasi kwete mudenga.
Musana wemunhu

Musana wemunhu chikamu chemuviri chiri kumashure, chinobvira pamusoro pemagaro kusvika seri kwemutsipa nemapendekete. Musana uri seri kwedundundu wakamira uchitevedza mapfupa emuzongoza, uye une hwasha hwakatsigirwa nembabvu uye nemapendekete. 

Mudinhi (the coccyx, bone at the end of the spine).

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Kufuratira kunoreva kuti munhu akupira musana atarira divi rimwe risiri kwauri.
*Mhuvha kana muvha (Place or direction behind one's back).

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaChewa vanoti **msana** (the back). VaBukusu vanoti **kúmúkóongo** (n. back of body, spine, backbone) kureva **musana**.
*VaYao vanoti **mgongo** (the back, the backbone) vachireva musana. VaNgala vanoti **mokongo** (back of body) kureva **musana**.
*VaKikuyu neVaShambala neVaNyoro vanoti **mugongo** (back of body - lumbar region) kureva **musana**. VaShambala vanoti **pingili** (n. vertebrae).
*Luwanga inoti **omukongo** (n. back) kureva **musana**. Zigula inoti **mwiwa** (spine) kureva muzongoza. Shilluk inoti **chan** (adj. behind).
*VaBwisi vanoti **mughongo** (n. back) kureva **musana**. VaBwisi vanoti **chiwisa cha mgongo** (a vertebra) kureva rimwe remapfupa anomisa musana.
Kurova

Kurova zvinoreva kuunza pamuviri wemunhu (zvine simba) chinhu chingava: shamhu; ruwoko; bhande; mupinyi; tambo; tsoka; chitorobho; tyava; chamboko kana chiwewo chinhu chinodzimba kana chasangana nemuviri wemunhu. Munhu anorohwa nezvikonzero zvakasiyana zvinosanganisira: kurwa; kurangwa; kuzvidzwa; kushungudzwa muwanano; kushungurudzwa kwevaranda zvichingodaro.

Kudakarira kana kudekerera (beat to death). Akaviruka nehasha sokunge kuda kumudakarira: he became so enraged that he wanted to beat him to death. 

*Rumano (strictness, discipline) kureva munhu asingatendere musakanzwa. Ane rumano: he is very strict.
*Kutsindika kana kutsindikidza (beat because of a debt or promise) zvichireva kurova munhu pamusana pechikwereti kana Kati chivimbiso.
*Kudzadzamira (threaten with hand or weapon). Iwe mwana unodzadzamira ini Baba vako: how could you my child, raise your hand against your own father!

## Mashoko anoreva kurova

Mamwe mashoko anotaura kurova ndeanoti: kukwatura; kuzvambaradza; kubinha; kushwapura; kukanda chibhakera; kudhinda nezvibhakera zvichingodaro.

*Kukwishura (beat with a stick) apa kureva kurova neshamhu yechitanda.

*Kabinhe kana kasinganzwi zvinoreva vakuru.
*Kukododzvora kana kukoda (Provoke a person by flicking under lip with finger or stick) zvichireva kubaya munhu nemunwe kana chimuti kumeso kana mumusoro. 
*Kuzvambura (beat very hard), kupura; kurikita; kudzana; kushashanga; kushana; kusodogora; kutibura; kurinha; kurakasha; kusukuta; kuvundura. 
*Kupadura; kugutsura; kugwetsa (beat with the hand).
*Kudzemura, kudzemaura kana kukwama (Slap Face).
*Kunyaputsira (beat gently). 
*Kuworora (beat for correction). 
*Kurovengedza (beat from both sides). 
*Kukamukira (beat the innocent).

*Kushiva (Endure without flinching).

*Andirova namambune: he hit me on purpose.
*Mudzidzisi mutsva ane rumano.

## Hurapi

Mbibvira (Swelling - not a bruise, resulting from a blow). Akaitwa kafiramberi nembibviramo: he subsequently died of an internal swelling (or haemorrhage). 

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaKongo vanoti **beta** kana **weta** (hit, beat, strike) vachireva kurova. VaNgala vanoti **kobeta** (to strike, beat, knock, hit).
*VaHerero **veta** kana **oku-tona** (v. lash, whip, striking; hitting; also conquer, defeat; overcome) vachireva kurova neshamhu. 
*VaVenda vanoti **-zhambula** (v, crack a whip). VaGiryama vanoti **ku-tsambula** (to flog) kureva kuzvambura. 
*VaChewa vanoti **kwapula** (to flog; to beat) vachireva kukwapura. VaChewa vanoti **likita** (beat, strike) vachireva kurikita.
*VaZigula vanoti **kutowa** (spanking, spank, beat, hit, smack) vachireva kurova.
*Iton vanoti bímî (v. hit). Fananidzai nokuti kubimhidza?
Kuyera nyoka negavi

Kuyera nyoka negavi iyo iripo zvinoreva kutaura kana kuita chinhu uchinyenyeredza usingati nanga-nanga naicho chiripo chaunoda kutaura nezvacho. 

## Ko sei kuyera nyoka negavi

Kazhinji maitiro aya anoitwa nokuti: mutauri ari kutya munhu waari kureva; mutauri haana umbowo hwakakwana hwezvari kutaura; mutauri ane shanje; mutauri haasi kuda kubuda pachena nedivi raakarerekera.
Mujenya (kukanda)

Mujenya (casting lots) zvinoreva sarudzo inoitwa nokukanda mujenya. Apa mujenya ungava mari yemusvo ine mativi maviri akasiyana kana kuti dhai rine mativi matanhatu, divi rimwe nerimwe rine nhamba dzinoti 1, 2 , 3 ,4 ,5 6. Vamwe vatauri vanoti chin'ange.

## Tsika

*Pakafa Jesu Kristu vaivepo vakagovana mbatya dzake vachikanda mujenya.
Mujenya (dare)

Kana nhau ichinge yakandwa mujenya kureva kuti yasumwa kudare paruzhinji kuti dare ripe mazano ekuti nhau yacho ingafambiswa sei

Nyaya yako toikanda mujenya kuti itsengwe.
Gonga reChamhembe

Gonga reChamhembe kana kuti  Gonga reTaranyika rekuChamhembe ndiko kuturikirwa kweiya inonzi South Pole kuEnglish. Gonga rechamhembe rinotaridza panoburikira akiso yekuzeya kweRinopasi uye riri kuChamhembe mudunhu reAntarctica. Gonga reChamhembe riri parumbariro 90oS.  Gonga reChamhembe rezveTaranyika harina kufanana ne Gonga reMagineti rekuChamhembe nokuti iri rinodudzirwa zviri maringe neDandare remagineti yeRinopasi. Kuuzuru kweRinopasi kune Gonga reMaodzanyemba rinowanikwa mudunhu reArctic.

## Taranyika

Tichitaura maringe nezvinangwa zvizhinji, Gonga reChamhembe ndiyo poyindi iri kuchamhembe (iyi iri imwe yenzvimbo mbiri) inotaridza panoburikira akiso yekuzeya kweRinopasi. Ringaniso dzeTaranyika dzinopangidza Gonga reChamhembe dzinopiwa dzakanzi 90oS; hunhungo hwaro hauna kududzirwa uye hauna maturo. Kana zvadaro kuti hunhungo hunodiwa, apa hunonyorwa hwakanzi 0o. Kana munhu ari paGonga reChamhembe kwose kwaanotarisa anenge akatarisa kuMaodzanyemba.

## Nguva paGonga reChamhembe

Munzvimbo zhinji pane Rinopasi nguva inotodzana nehunhungo hwepo, zvichireva kuti nguva pamusi mumwe inoenderana nepane zuva mudenga - sokuti kana dziri nguva dza-12 masikati zuva rinenge riri pakanyanya kukwira parinogumira. Murangariro uyu haushande paGonga reChamhembe nokuti ikoko zuva rinoyedza uye richizodoka kamwe pagore. Nhungo dzose nemipanda yenguva yose zvinobatana pagonga iri. Pakashaikwa chikonzero chakafanira chekuti nguva paGonga reChamhembe ive inoringaniswa nemipanda wenguva upi zvawo. Kwaaitwa sarudzo yokushandisa mupanda wenguva yekuNew Zealand nokuti Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station inoshandisa nguva yekuNew Zealand - chikonzero chiri chekuti station iyi inoyigirwa nhumbi nemidziyo zvichibva kuChristchurch, New Zealand.
Gonga reMaodzanyemba

Mazwi anoti Gonga reMaodzanyemba ari kushandiswa pano kuturikira inonzi North Pole kuEnglish. Gonga iri rinotaridza panoburikira akiso yekuzeya kweRinopasi kuMaodzanyemba uye riri pakati peGungwa reArctic iri riri gungwa runogara rakafukidzwa neayizi yegungwa. Gonga reMaodzanyemba riri parumbariro 90oN.

Kuchamhembe kweRinopasi kune Gonga reChamhembe rinowanikwa mudunhu reAntarctica. Gonga reChamhembe riri pahumbariro 90oS.
Nhanga Imba

Nhanga imba inorarwa nevasikana vasina kuroorwa. Vamwe vatauri vanoti kagero, diye kana kuti ruvhevhe.

Harahwa murume hazvienzane nekurara munhanga
Kokanguva

Pano shoko rokuti kokanguva riri kushandiswa kuturikira zvinonzi *temporary* kuEnglish. Kana kuchinge kwazobuda rimwe izwi rakakodzera zviri nani irori rinobva rabva.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Akapinda basa kokanguva paDelta.
Dandare reKubatana muAfrica

Dandare reKubatana muAfrica, kana kuti **Africa Unity Square** idandare riri pakati peguta guru reHarare rekuti vanhu vanopindamo vachizorora nekutandara. Kare dandare iri raichinzi Cecil Square. Tsazano iri rine tunzira twakashongedzwa nemaruva nemiti yakanaka samare. Imomo munowanikwa miti yejacaranda. Kudivi rakadziva kuchamhembe ndiko kune Meikles Hotel; kudivi riri kuMaodzanyemba kune Parliament of Zimbabwe pamwe neAnglican Cathedral, Harare.
Kutsika konzi

Kutsika konzi kana kutsikana konzi zvinoreva maitiro evanhu vari kukwikwidzana pangava pazvigaro kana pabasa ekuti vanoitirana zvakaipa nechinangwa chekutadzisa mumwe kubudirira kana kuita kuti awore moyo abude pamakwikwi aya.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Pakukwikwidza kupinda mudare reMabhuyo pane kutsikana konzi kwakaoma pakati pevakwikwidzani.
Shomwe

Izwi rokuti shomwe kana chisomo riri kushandiswa pano kuturikira inonzi **nucleus or core** kuEnglish.

Izwi rokuti *nucleus* rakabva pazwi reLatin rokuti **nuc** rinoreva **little nut, kernel or core**  - apa kuchirehwa chikamu chenzungu chakapfava, chinodyiwa chisiri mateko. Saka pano kuturikira *kernel* kuChiShona tinenge toti shomwe. Shomwe zvinoreva mhodzi dzinowanikwa mukati memateko enzungu kana pakati petsongoro pamichero yakadai sehacha kana pfura - idzi dziri mhodzi dzakapfava uye dziine mafuta.

Zvose zvinowanikwa pashomwe zvinenge zvonzi ushomwe kana usomo - *nucleons*.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Chishomwe (core of a boil or abcess).

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Vatauri veKikongo vanoti **ntima** (core).
*VaNyungwe vanoti **cibere** (kernel).
Dandare remagineti yeRinopasi

Dandare remagineti yeRinopasi (earth's magnetic field) rinoreva dandare remagineti rinobva pakati peRinopasi richitambanuka kunosvika parinosangana nemhepo yezuva inova hova yemheu dzine chaji dzinobva kuzuva. Nokumwe kureva dandare iri rinoita serinobva pachitanda gongakuviri rehumagineti *(magnetic dipole)* yakateyana nemugwava we 10 dhigiri kana ichipimwa kubva paakiso yeRinopasi.
Akiso yeRinopasi

Rinopasi rinopoterera (revolves) riri pamutsendo denderende (elliptical plane) unochekana neboterekwa reRinopasi kamwe pagore. Panguva imweyo Rinopasi rinoita rinozeya rumonerapo richiziririka paAkiso inobatanidza Gonga reMaodzanyemba neGonga reChamhembe. 

Akiso yeRinopasi haina kururama pamutsendo wedenderende asi yakatsveyama negonyo re 23.5o. Gonyo riri pakati pemutsendo denderende neAkiso yeEarth harichinje; akiso inoramba yakanongedza divi rimwe muchadenga uye inoramba yakatsveyama negonyo rimwe re 23.5o. Asi chinoshanduka ndechekuti gonga riri pedyo nezuva nderipi zvichireva kuti divi reAkiso rakatarisana nezuva rinoshanduka zvichienderana nemwaka wacho. Divi riri pedyo nezuva rinowana mirazvo yakanyanya - iri divi ndiro rinenge riri mumwaka wekupisa, zhizha (summer), divi riri kure rinenge riri muchando (winter).
Dandare remagineti

Dandare remagineti (magnetic field) inzvimbo yakakomberedza rufuvha rwemagetsi kana zviro zvine humagineti iri riri dandare rinobatwa nesimba remagineti .
Dandare remagetsi

Dandare remagetsi (Electric Field in English) inzvimbo yakapoteredza tubanzu tune chaji yegetsi kana dandare rakakomberedza humagineti hunoshanduka. Dandare remagetsi rine fosi inobata pane mimwe mitumbi ine chaji inopfuura mudandare remagetsi iri. Kuti kune chinonzi  dandare remagetsi zvakatanga kutaurwa nemurume ainzi Michael Faraday.
Arctic

Artic idunhu rakakomberedza gonga remaodzanyemba rinowanikwa kwagumira maodzanyemba eRinopasi. Dunhu reArtic rinosanganisira Gungwa reArtic, chikamu cheAlaska, Canada, Finland, Greenland (Denmark), Iceland, Norway, Russia, neSweden. Mudunhu mune gungwa guru rinofukidzwa neayizi ine hudzamu hunoshanduka nemwaka yeko; gungwa iri rakakomberedzwa nechandochisipera. Dunhu riri kumaodzanyemba kwedenderedzwa reArtic (66° 33'N) ndiro rinowanikwa zuva rakavheneka husiku uye husiku hwemwedzi mitanhatu.
Murisi

**Murisi** (ku Chingezi: herder, shepherd) **[[mufudzi]]** uye **mulisi** (ku Chikaranga), vanhu vanofudza mushandi basa rokuchengeta uye kurapa imwe mombe kana makwai zvipfuwo , kazhinji musi mafuro rakashama. Inonyanya kusanganisirwa neyekutama- tama kana *transhumant* manejimendi yemasheya, kana neyakajairika mafuro epasi. Basa racho rinowanzoitwa chero netsoka kana kukwirwa.

## Mamwe mapeji ekutarisa

* Kufudza
* Mufudzi
Chitate

Chitate (in the manner of fatherhood, paternal) nenzira kana mutowo wemadzibaba.

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Mambwe inoti **utata** (n. fatherhood, paternity). Uyo Ibibio inoti **tata** (address form for father, grandfather, old man).
*Kikongo vanoti **tata** kana **ese** (father). VaKongo vanoti **kitata** (paternity).
*VaKongo vanoti **tata**  (master) kureva tenzi. Nyanja vanoti **utate** (n. fatherhood, paternity).
*MaZulu vanoti **utata** kana **otate** (friend, chum, mate, sweetheart, pet).
Usoma

Izwi rokuti usoma, ushoma kana ukata rinotura apo munhu anenge ari ega pasina mumwe - state of being alone or loneliness.

Mazwi aya angagona kuturikira chinononzi **privacy** kana **private** kuEnglish zvinoreva zvinhu zvakabviswa kuruzhinji kana zvakaita pasina ruzhinji - **withdrawn from public life**.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaGanda vanoti **chama** (privacy) vachireva usoma.
*MaZulu vanoti **isizungu** (loneliness) vachireva kusurukirwa.
*MaZulu vanoti **nesizungu** (lone) vachireva kuva wega.
Kusika

Kusika zvinoreva kugadzira chinhu changa chisipo panyika sokusika kwakaita Mwari achisika denga nenyika. Izwi iri rinoturikira chinonzi **create** kuEnglish. 

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Chewa vanoti **kupanga** (create, to make). Mamwe mazwi: **wopanga** (creator) kureva musiki. VaBwisi vanoti **kuhanga** (create) kureva kusika.
*VaZigula neVaDigo vanoti **muumba** (creator) kureva musiki. Zigula vanoti **chiumbe** (n. creature) kureva chisikwa.
*Bushong inoti **anga** (create) kureva kusika. Mamwe mazwi: **muangi** (creator).
*VaGanda vanoti **Katonda** (creator) kureva musiki. VaNyole vanoti **ehitonde** (n. creature; creation) kureva chisikwa.
*Herero inoti **uta** (create, begin, found) kureva kusika. 
*Herero inoti **omuute** (creator) kureva musiki. **otyi-utua** (n. creature) kureva chisikwa. 
*Bambara vanoti da kana dan (vt. create, make, weave) kureva kusika kana kuruka.
Deredza, Shandisazve, Dzororodza

Mashoko anoti Deredza, Shandisazve, Dzororodza ari kutaurwa pano achiturikira dandira rinonzi *reduce, re-use, recycle* kuEnglish iro rakanangana nekuchengetedza nhumbi nemidziyo zvatinoshandisa pakurarama, riine donzvo rekuchengetedza mari; kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzakatikomberedza; kuchengetedza chero chipi chouviri chatiwana nokushandisa pamabasa edu.

*Deredza (Reduce) kana kupungudza.
*Shandisazve (Re-use)
*Dzororodza kana kuti dzoronodza (Recycle). Iri shoko riri kubva pane rokuti dzoro *cycle, turn*
*Hwiridzira kana kuhwiridzira (repeat an action) apa kureva kupamhidza.
*Hwirira (1. Go back; 2. Return).

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

Rinohwiridzika, chinohwiridzika, zvinohwiridzika (Recyclable, returnable).

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Mbwiridzurwa (Second cooking after consumption of what was cooked first). Imbomirira sadza rembwiridzurwa: please wait for the second cooking (second sitting).
*Kubwiridzura.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaSwahili vanoti **punga** (decrease, diminish, let up; shorten e.g a dress, etc.). 
*VaSwahili vanoti **kipunguo** (1. reduction, decrease, 2. absence, lack, shortage. ). 
*VaDigo vanoti **phunguza** (to reduce) vachireva kupungudza.
*VaTaita vanoti **kupunguza** (v. lessen, decrease) vachireva kupungudza. VaTaita vanotaurawo iwi rokuti kupunguka.
Nzira

**Nzira** (Nge. *road, path, means*) kana **zhira**, zvinoreva mukana unofambwa ungava unoshandiswa nemhuka kana vanhu. Vamwe vatauri kuchiManyika inoti gwanza.

*Masonga, mashonga kana mawira (meeting place of rivers or roads) apa kureva panosangana nzira kana nzizi.

## Mamwe mashoko anotaura nzira

*Kondo (game path) apa zvichireva gwara rinofambwa nemhuka. Zvichida ndipo panobva zita rokuti Mukondo.
*Mugwagwa mugwanyo muvha kana muva (Rhodhi). KuChiNdau inoti pato.
*Gwara, (faint game path) zvinoreva nzira inoshandiswa nemhuka.
*Mutome, dome kana mudome (1. Aside; 2. Path astray; 3. Side of the path) zvichireva nzira inorasisa. 
*Gwanza kana magwanza (trail; path through trees) inzira inopinda nepakati pemiti musango.
*Muhure zvinoreva nzira yakaitwa nevanhu nechinangwa chekuteya mhuka kana shiri.
*Mukoto (worn path; narrow path between buildings) inzira yetsoka.
*Mushwaira, mukwaira kana muhwayira (a narrow path, a track through grass). Mukwaira izita remhuri.
*Gumbu, makumbu kana mupuyuwuyu (broad much frequented path) inzira pamhi iri yetsoka inoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Mamwe maDuramazwi anoturikira kuti *highway*.
*-dzemberedza (1. Stand in one's way and cause to take a detour, 2. Place one in a dilemma).
*Mwanza kana mwazha (trail made by livestock in the forest). Mwazha izita remhuri.
*Nonda (ideophone of following closely in pursuit, of following path without detouring). Akati nenzira nonda.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Dendere kana bangwa (idea of following - especially a path). Iti nzira bangwa.
*Akaenda dome: he got lost. 
*Famba nomudome: walk on the side of the path. 
*Wareva padome: you missed the whole point.
*Kupfumba kana kupfumbira (to be clear, to be distinct).
*Ngeiro zuva pato rinozoapo rinobva Egipite kuenda Asiria:  On that day, there will be a highway from Egypt to Assyria. (Isaiah 19:23, Bhaibheri reChiNdau).

## Tsumo

*Panoda mwoyo nzira haisviki. Where the heart wants (to go) the path does not reach.
*Apo mwoyo ungoda gwanza harisviki. Where the heart wants to go the path does not reach
*Nzira masanga. (Getting onto) a path is sheer chance.
*Nzira inofamba yomuzvinamimba yomuzvere haifambi. The journey of a pregnant woman is quicker than that of a woman with a child. 
*Nzira haidzimiri munhu. A path does not disappear before one.

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Yao inoti **mpita** (a track) kureva nzira. Yao inoti **mlamba** (a by path). Zigula inoti **sira** kureva nzira.
*Chewa inoti **mapita** (paths, passages) kureva nzira - zvichibva pakuti **kupita**. VaZigula inoti **mkumbi** (n. a broad road) kureva mugwagwa.
*Digo inoti **njira** kureva nzira. VaKwere inoti **nzila** (n. road) kureva nzira. Tsuvadi inoti 'ure (path, trail) kureva muhure.
*Lenje neGiryama vanoti **mukondo** (track, trail, spoor, by-path) kureva mwanza. Luganda inoti **kubo** (n. way) kureva nzira.
*Kikongo inoti **koka** (n. path, highway) kureva nzira. Lunyoro inoti **ikute** (a made road). VaMakua inoti **ipiro** (path) kureva nzira yetsoka. 
*MaZulu vanoti umkhondo (n. track, trail, spoor). Mambwe vanoti mukondo (beaten track followed by wild animals) kureva mwanza.
Kushambidzika

Shoko rokuti kushambidzika kana kuti kutsvinda (orderly, neat, tidy) zvinoreva zvose kuchena kwenzvimbo nekurongeka kwakanaka kwenhumbi nemidziyo iri panzvimbo.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Kushandira panzvimbo yakatsvinda kunoderedza njodzi dzekukuvara pabasa.

*Mbuya Gwaze vaifarira kugara mumba makatsvinda.
Mudonzvo

**Mudonzvo** (walking sick, staff) zvinoreva muti wakavezwa unoshandiswa zvikurusei nechembere wavanobata muruwoko uchishndiswa kuvatsigira pakufamba.

*Kudunduzira kufamba munhu achishandisa chimuti kana mudonzvo kutsvaka pakufamba napo pasina njodzi yekuwa kana kurovera.

## Ringai zve:
*Tsvimbo.
*Mudondoro (rod).
Ruva (mudikani)

Shoko rokuti ruva (beloved) rinokwaniswa kushandiswa kureva munhu anodikanwa.

*Ruva romoyo wangu.
*Ruvarashe.
Kuvirima

Kuvirima (boast) zvonoreva kutaura munhu uchizvikudza pamusoro pezvawakagona kuita. Vamwe vatauri vanoti kuganza.

Kuvirima kana kuirima (be disrespectful).
Rushambwa

Shoko rokuti rushambwa kana kuti jambwa (1. calamity, 2. misfortune, ill-luck, 3. disaster, accident) rinoreva nhamo huru kana kuti dambudziko guru yakadai serushigido rwavaJudah. 

*Dzambwa kana madzambwa (Calamity, misfortune). Chidzambwa izita remhuri.

*Kukwangwaya (Desire vehemently; 2. Suffer intensely from lack of necessaries of life.) kureva kubatwa neshungu. Munhu ari kukwangwaya nenzara anochera midzi nokutsenga rwodzi: a person tormented by hunger digs up roots and chews bark. 
*Kubomerwa kana kuchona (be destitute).
*Chivi (Calamity; tragic happening) zvichireva ndondo.
*Baya kana mabaya (Misfortune e.g continual ill-health).

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Rukono, nhamo, rumhambanda; rupfupfuneko (calamity).
*Tsekwende, tahwa kana jambwa (problem).
*Kuorora kana kuworora (to punish; to bring disaster).  

## Tsumo
 
*Nhamo haizivi pakagara imwe. A misfortune does not avoid another one.
*Nhamo haityi imwe. A misfortune is not afraid of another one. 
*Nhamo urimbo inonamira. Misery is like bird-lime; it sticks (to men). 
*Nhamo ine dzimba dzayo. Misery haunts its (chosen) families. 
*Njodzi hadziiti mbiri. Danger never comes in twos.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaChewa vanoti **masoka** (misfortune) kureva rushambwa.
*VaMakhuwa vanoti **mashoka** (spirits) kureva mweya.
Kuriritira

Shoko rokuti kuriritira (care or provide for) rinoreva kuchengeta munhu uchimuwanisa zvinodiwa zvoupenyu zvakadai sechokudya, mbatya, imba yokugara nezvimwewo. Shoko iri rinoshandiswa zvikurusei kutaura pamusoro pekuchengetwa kwevana vadiki vachichengetwa nevakuru. Asi rinokwanisa kutaurawo kuchengetwa kwevachembera. Vamwe vatauri vanoti kukotsvera.
Ubvo

Shoko rokuti ubvo (consistent characteristic) rinotaura hunhu huri pachinhu kana munhu hunoonekwa semagariro kana masikirwo acho.

Maberekerwo, chizvarirwo, chibarinye (individual characteristic, nature of a thing or person).

## Mazwi eBantu

*Mururimi rweKinyarwanda vanoti **kamere** (nature, character).
*Mururimi rweKinyarwanda vanoti **imimerere** (attitudes, characteristic).
*Mururimi rweKinyarwanda vanoti **kuba** kana **kumera** (to become; to be - in a certain state; to be like).
*Mururimi rweKinyarwanda vanoti **kumera** (to be like).
*Mururimi rweKinyarwanda vanoti **kumera** (to germinate).
*Mururimi rweSwahili vanoti **mea** (1. sprout, germinate, 2. grow - of the hair or fingernails) zvichireva kumera.
*Mururimi rweYao vanoti **ndamo** (nature, habit, disposition, custom).
Zviuya

Shoko rokuti **zviuya** kana **zvivuya** rinoreva zvinhu zvakanaka kana zvinoburitsa mhedzisiro yakanaka - good, positive, advantageous, excellent.

## Tsumo neMazta

*Zviuya hazviwanane - it is rare for both partners in a marriage to be perfect.
*Nhaka mbuya ndeye mombe, yemunhu inozvionera.
*Mazita anoti: Chiendambuya, Nyambuya uye Nyamauya anotaura pamusoro pezviuya.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Kinande vanoti **ebibuya** (beautiful things) kureva zviuya.
*MuChivhenda vanoti wo **Zwivhuya** kureva zviuya.
Kutonda

Shoko rokuti kutonda (to face; see straight; aim straight) rinoreva kutarisa wakati kwakananga maziso ndiko kwakananga chiso.

*Kudondeka (to look straight) zvirinoreva kutarisa wakati kwakananga maziso ndiko kwakananga chiso.
*Mutondokodzwa kana kuti mutondokozwa anenge mashoko asi anomborevei?
*Mutondwe (Destination).
*Kondeka (invert) apa kureva kupidigura chinhu kuti kunofanirwa kuva pamusoro kwave pasi.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Donda (1. Come across i.e happen to find; 2. Point to; 3. Head for a destination) kunanga  kana kutonda.
*Zviuya hazvidondani: it never happens that two perfect people get married.
*Madondekana nenguva: you arrived at the right time. 

## Kurerutsa Mutauro yeBantu

*VaLenje vanoti **tondeka** (point with finger; point out; point at; show; aim at) vachireva kutondeka.
*VaKomo vanoti **dhonda** (v. find, meet, rejoin).
Kukuva

*Kukuva (gather together) - Kuva rukweza ruri paruware: gather up the millet that has been spread out to dry on the rock. 
*Kukuva (come to an end) - Muhacha wakuva: the muhacha tree has come to the end of its fruit-bearing for this season. 

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaGwere vanoti **kubbiira** kana **kubbiirya** (v. amass, accumulate, stack, pile, crowd, heap, gather together) vachireva kukuva.
*VaGwere vanoti **kwebbiirya** (v. congregate, converge) vachireva kuungana.
*Kimbundu vanoti **múkua** (n. endowed with; possessor of). Mamwe mazwi: **múkua jisonhi** (bashful; embarrassed; shy). **Múkua kilêngu** (impatient, eager, restive, forward).
Makuwerere

Makuwerere (shouts of encouragement) zvinotaura apo panenge pane mufaro nemashoko ekufara nekupembera pakadai sepamuchato.

*Akachata muchato wemakuwerere.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaNgala vanoti **makelele** (noisy; noise).
Utetsa

Shoko rokuti utetsa kana runya, chivhinyu, chirabu (state of being sensitive, touchy, quick tempered) munhu asingadi kubatwa kana kutaurwa pamusoro pake, anokasira kushatirwa, kugumbuka kana kuramwa. Mashoko aya anokwanisawo kurevera musoro wenyaya unounza kupokana nguva zhinji.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Vhinyu - munhu ane chivhinyu. Mavhinyu izita remhuri.
*Ruzazu kana ruhandu (sensitiveness).
*Hasha (Anger).

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*... ngorunya rwavo vakatema-tema mirunda yekabi: and at their **whim** they maimed cattle (*Genesis 49:6* Bhaibheri reChiNdau).
Chizende

Shoko rokuti chizende (sensuality, lasciviousness) rinotaura zvinonzwikwa munyama zvine chekuita nezvinoshuvirwa nenyama zvikurusei zvine chekuita nebonde.

Chizende (Sensuality, self-indulgence) apa kureva dashira.
Hunyambiri

Shoko rokuti hunyambiri (duality, dual nature) rinotaurwa pane chinhu chinoonekwa kana kunzwisisika nemuonero iri pamativi paviri. Sokuti ushomwe hungadudzirwa semasaisai pane dzimwe nhambo asi pane dzimwe nhambo huchionekwa semhakatwa - zviro zvinobatika.
Mhakatwa

Muchidzidzo fundoyetsimba, **sebhe** (matter kuEnglish) izwi rinoreva chero chipi chiro chine mumhu, uye chine huremu. **Sebhe** inowanikwa pamisandu inoti: godo (solid), mutuvi (liquid), gasi (gas) uye plasma.

Mhando dzose dzegasi dzinosanganisira mweya watinofema **(air);  oxygen; nitrogen; chlorine; sulphur dioxide**, zvichingodaro dzose dziri muboka irori resebhe. Tingatadza kutaura kuti ndapfumbata gasi muruoko asi tinokwanisa kukohwa gasi takaritora kuripinza mubhodhoro sezvinoitwa ’’acetylene’’ inoshandiswa nevanonama simbi.

Sebhe inosanganisira zvinhu: zvinobatika nezvisingabatike; zvine mumhu nezvisina mummhu; zvinoonekwa neziso nezvisingaonekwe, zvatinokwanisa kushandisa tichiita mhindu kana bundutso nazvo.

Tiri ipapo zvakanaka kuti tionesane kuti sebhe inosanganisira zvinhu zvakaita semasaisai anowanikwa muchidzidzo chemagetsi nemagineti (Electromagnetic waves).  Masaisai aya tinokwanisa kuita mhindu dzakasiyana siyana nawo. Asi izvi zvichange zvichizokurukurwa mberi nokukura kwezvidzidzo zviri kuparurwa muChiShona.

## Kupiwa kweZita

Mukutaura kwemazuva ose vechidiki kana vachiti **sebhe**  vanoreva chinhu chavashaira zita kana chine zita risina kuuya mupfungwa panguva iyoyo. Muenzaniso wekutaura kwechimanjemanje.

*Ko ka**sebhe** kaye wakaisa kupi?

*Ndipowo ka**sebhe** ako.

Saka sebhe chinhu chinozivikanwa kunzi chiripo - pano pari kunzi zvinhu zvose zvakagadzirwa ne**sebhe** inozivikanwa kunzi iripo. Kupiwa kwezita kuchitora mazwi echimanjemanje chinhu chinoitwa mumutauro kazhinji, izwi richipedzesera rapinda mukutaurwa mazuva ose pamwechete nevakuru. Zvakanaka kuti patorwa izwi ragara richitoshandiswa nevezera rechidiki.
Musaka

Zviguro kana kuti musaka (Effects) zvinoreva mhedzisiro dzinoonekwa kana chiitiko chaitika. Chiguro chose chine chikonzero chinochidariso kuti chivepo; hapana chinhu chinongoitika chega.

*Chisaka (Cause: that on account of which something happens). Chingwa chinofuta nechisaka chembiriso: bread swells on account of the yeast.

*Chisakiso (cause).
*Kusakisa (to cause).

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Pahumwe tinoti chisaka kana musaka.
*Chipo haana kupedza chikoro nomusaka wekushaya mari.
*Chigonhi (result, destination, end).
*Musaka waCoriolis unotsanangura pafambiro emhepo pamusoro penyika.

*Mutemo waPareto unotaura pamusoro pehukama huripo pakati pezvikonzero nezvisakwa.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Mururimi rweKinyarwanda vanoti **igituma** kana **impamvu** (cause).
*Mururimi rweKinyarwanda vanoti **gutuma** kana **gutera** (to cause).
Mususu

Mususu (n. Terminalia sericea) rudzi rwemuti unowanikwa muZimbabwe neSouth Africa. Muti uyu unoita maruva eYellow anobuda kubva September kusvika January. Vamwe vatauri vanodana muti uyu namazita anoti mangwe; mutabvu; kana mukonono. 

## Kurapa

*Muti uyu unonzi unorapa zvmwe zvirwere zvepabonde.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Venda vanoti mususu (n. Terminalia sericea) kureva muti wemukonono. BaPedi vanoti mogonono kureva mukonono.
*IsiNdebele vanoti Umangwe (n. Terminalia sericea) kureva muti wemukonono.
*VaTsonga vanoti nkonono kana konono (n. Terminalia sericea) kureva muti wemukonono.

## Zvakakochekwa

https://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=142210