Kuchekwa kwenhengo yemunhukadzi

'*Kuchekwa kwenhengo yemunhukadzi*' (****), kunozivikanwawo se**kucheka** uye **kuchecheudza vakadzi**, kunotsanangurwa neWorld Health Organization (WHO) se"zvese zvinoitwa zvinosanganisira kubvisa zvese zvekunze zvenhengo yekubereka nayo yemunhukadzi kana kukuvadzwa kwechero nhengo dzekubereka nadzo dzemunhukadzi asi zvisiri kuitirwa kurapa." Izvi zvinoitwa setsika nemapoka emarudzi enyika 27 dziri musub-Sahara uye kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweAfrica, asi tsika yacho yakati dererei muAsia, Middle East nemuvanhu vanobva kune dzimwe nyika.  Tsika yacho inoitwa panguva dzakasiyana-siyana dzinobvira pamazuva munhu achangoberekwa kusvika ayaruka; muhafu yenyika dzinozivikanwa kuti dzine vanhu vangani, vakawanda vevasikana vanochekwa vasati vasvika makore mashanu.

Tsika iyi inosanganisira chimwe chete kana zvinodarika chezvinotevera, uye zvinosiyana-siyana neboka rerudzi riri kuiita. Zvinosanganisira kubvisa chidimbu kana gongo rese uye ganda repamusoro pegongo; gongo rese kana chidimbu charo uye matinji; uye kana vari vaya vanonyanyisa vacho (vanobvisa zvachose) vachibvisa chidimbu kana zvese zvepakati uye zvekunze ganda rakatenderedza sikarudzi uye kuvhara sikarudzi. Pamaitiro apedzisira kutaurwa, ayo anodaidzwa neWHO kuti Type III yekuchekwa kwevanhukadzi, panosiiwa kamwena kadiki keweti neropa rekuenda kumwedzi, uye sikarudzi inozovhurirwa bonde uye kuzvara. Matambudziko eutano anoparirwa nemaitiro aya anotsamira pakuti zvii zvaitwa asi anogona kusanganisira utachiona hunoramba huchidzoka, kurwadziwa kweupenyu hwese, mabundu anonzi macyst, kutadza kuita nhumbu, matambudziko pakuzvara uye kubuda ropa kwakaipisisa.

Tsika iyi inobata vakadzi zvisiri izvo, ndeyekuedza kuva nechisimba chisiri icho paupenyu hwemunhukadzi, pakuchena uye pakutaridzika kwavo. Inokurudzirwa uye inoitwa nevanhukadzi, vanenge vachifungidzira kuti inounza rukudzo pavakadzi, uye vanenge vachityira kuti kana vakatadza kuiita pavanasikana vavo kana pavazukurusikana zvichaita kuti vasikana vacho vasaremekedzwe nevamwe. Vakadzi uye vasikana vanodarika 130 miriyoni vakachekwa nhengo dzekubereka nadzo munyika 29 munonyanya kuitwa tsika iyi. Vanodarika mamiriyoni masere vakabviswa zvachose nhengo dzekunze, izvo zvinonyanya kuitwa muDjibouti, Eritrea, Somalia nemuSudan.

Kucheka nhengo dzekubereka nadzo kwava kuonekwa sekutyorwa kwemutemo munyika dzakawanda, asi hazvitariswi zvakasimba kana mitemo yacho iri kutevedzwa. Kubvira kuma 1970 zvave zvichiedzwa pasi rose kukurudzira vanhu kuti vasiye tsika iyi, uye muna 2012 United Nations General Assembly, yakatema kuti kuchecheudza vanhukadzi kutyora kodzero dzavo. Kupikisa tsika iyi kunoshorwawo nevamwe, kunyanya vaya vanoita zvekudzidza nezvetsika nemagariro zvemarudzi evanhu. Eric Silverman akanyora kuti kuchekwa kwenhengo dzekubereka dzevanhukadzi inyaya inonyanya kutaurwa nevanodzidza nezvetsika nemagariro zvemarudzi evanhu, uye pane zvakaoma zvinobvunzika nezvekuremekedza tsika nemagariro sezvazviri, kusapindira uye kuziva kuti vanhu vese panyika vane kodzero dzavo.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaNyungwe vanoti **mtsunulo** (female excision) kureva kuchekwa kwenhengokadzi.

## Kunowanika mamwe mashoko