open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Kupereka

Kupereka (handing over) zvinoreva kugamuchidza chinhu chiri kupiwa semubhadharo, kana mubayiro.

*Kupereka (to accompany, send one on his way).
*Kuperekedza (to accompany).
*Kupereka (to take or send a person or things to someone).
*Kupereka (to serve, to wait on).
*Mupereki (waiter at a table) munhu anoshandira vamwe panguva yekudya achivaigira chokudya.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Munhu ari kutenga anopereka mari kumutengesi.
*Tete vaenda kunopereka muzukuru wavo kumurume wake mutsva.

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*VaNyungwe vanoti **kupereka** (n. carry) zvichireva kubereka.
*Barawani neVaSwahili vanoti **peleka** (take to a particular place or person, convey, transport. 2. send, transmit, deliver. - simu. telegraph, wire. 3. lead, conduct, escort).  
*Swahili vanoti **mpelekwa** (1. messenger, courier. 2. envoy, delegate). Dinka inoti kam (n. forearm; cubit) kureva ruwoko.
*VaWabo vanoti **opelreka** (treat with malice) vachireva kupereka.
Kuyaruka

Kuyaruka (reaching age of accountability) zvinoreva kusvika pazera rokunge munhu asamhuka uye ave kuziva.

*Mayarutsiro (Training of children).
*Kuyarutsa
*Chiyaruko (n. adolescence - time of growing to manhood or womanhood). Izwi iri haritaurwi kuChiShona chamazuvano; ranyorwa pano kuti tiwane kuturikira chinonzi **adolescence** kuEnglish. Nokumwe kutaura tingati ndiwo hujaya nehumhandara.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaLozi vanoti **-yaluka** (v.i. to grow (animals) vachireva kukura. VaBemba vanoti **aluka** kana **sanguka** (v. become) kureva kuyaruka?.
*VaRundi vanoti **kwaruka** (reach the age of accountability). VaKabwa vanoti **ekikurunge** (1. adulthood, maturity, 2. something that is mature).
*Nsenga vanoti **yaluka** (v. change, turn, alter). Mamwe mazwi: **yaluzhya** (v. cause to change, cause to alter).
*Zigula vanoti **kugaluka** (v. to become) kureva kuyaruka. VaGiryama vanoti **ku-aluka** (n. blossom) kureva kutumbuka.
Paul Matavire

**[[Paul]] Matavire** *(mushakabvu)* aive chizvagwa chenyika yeZimbabwe iri yanzvi munezvekuimba nemimhanzi. Paul Matavire akazvarwa riri bofu  munzvimbo ye Maranda ku Mwenedzi District. Paul ainyanyisa kuzivikanwa nekuimba achishandisa mutauro weChiShona nemashoko akadzama, anonakidza, anosekesa zvaivumburudza vanhu muvhu nokuseka, uyewo aiimba achishandisa mashoko aidudzira mamiriro ezvinhu zvakanyatsojeka nokutsetsa zvinekutapira kunenge mutakunanzva. Ashandisa nyaudzosingwi, madimikira netsumo zvinehunyanzvi husina vamwe vaimbi. Paul aiimba nezvetsika dzinozivikanwa noruzhinji maitikiro adzo muupenyu hwavanhu, asi achidudzira tsika idzi nenzira inosekesa uyewo ichitaridza huipi nekushaya unhu kwevanhu vanoita tsika idzi dzakashata.

Paul akanyanya kuzivikanwa mugore ra 1980 paakave nhengo ye bato re Jairos Jiri Band raive nemukurumbira ku Bulawayo. Akasarudzwa kuve mukuru webato iri nepamusana pechipo chake chekugona kuimba. Akashaika mugore ra 2005 ave nemakore 44 papurazi rake reku Rutenga, kuMasvingo. 

Paul anofungidzirwa kuti panguva yekushaika kwake akange ave kuita zvekuchengeta mbudzi ne mombe kupurazi rake raaive apihwa nehurumende.  

## Dambarefu [Zadzikisa]

* The Sounds of The Jairos Jiri Band 
* The Sounds of The Jairos Jiri Band (Featuring Angifuni Ukwendiswa) (with Jairos Jiri Band, 1985 LP)
* J.J.B. Style (with Jairos Jiri Band, 1986 LP)
* Amatshakada (with Jairos Jiri Band, 1988 LP)
* Ethno-Rock Zimbabwe (live album of 1988 concert in Stuttgart, Germany with Jairos Jiri Band, 1989 LP)
* Matavire Mbune (with Jaios Jiri Band, 1989 LP)
* Doctor Love, Volume 2 (1990 LP)
* Back From College (1991 LP)
* Dhindindi Fulltime (Reissue of Doctor Love Volume 2, 1992 LP)
* Akanaka Akarara (with the Hit Machine, 1993 LP)
* Gakanje (with the Hit Machine, 1995 LP)
* Mapanga Muhomwe (with the Hit Machine, 1995 LP)
* Asipo Haapo (with the Hit Machine, 1996 CASS)
* Fadza Customer (with the Hit Machine, 1998 CASS)
* Govanai (1999 CASS)
* Zimbe Remoto (2003 CD)
* Gonye Remari (2004, CD)
* Paul Matavire, Vol. 3 (2005, CD)[2]  

## Zvimwewo [Zadzikisa]

# **^** Paul Matavire Discography
# **^** "Paul Matavire | Discography | Discogs".
Kumweta

Shoko rokuti **kumweta** rinoreva kucheka huswa zvikurusei huswa hwekupfirira imba. Vanomweta huswa vanoshandisa jeko, uye vanoita vachiunganidza huswa hwacho kuita zvimwanda zvinozosungwa nemakavi.

## Mazita

*Chimweta izita rinowanikwa muZimbabwe.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaWabo vanoti **kalruunga** kana **karuunga** (n. sickle) vachireva jeko.
*Barotse vanoti **-mweta** (n. cut with a sickle) vachireva kucheka nejeko.
Kukuya

Kukuya (grinding on stone) zvinoreva kutsetsa kana kupwanya magodo kuchishandiswa patombo maviri, guyo nehuyo. Mazuvano nzungu dzinokuiwa kuita dovi; makarekare kusati kwave nezvigayo chibage chaidzvurwa chozokuyiwa kuita hupfu.

*Morwa (Partially ground meal set aside for occasion when its final grinding will be done). 

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Baila vanoti **mandu** (coarsely ground meal) kureva hupfu hwakamanzika.
Kutyora

Shoko rokuti (breaking long stiff object) kutyora rinoshandiswa kutsangura kudimbura chinhu chikukutu uye chakareba. Zvinhu zvinotaurwa kutyorwa zvinosanganisira muti, nzimbe, mapfupa zvichingodaro. Chinhu chinotyorwa nekukombamisa.

Kuvhuna kana kuvhunika (to break e.g. a leg or the law; break or snap off a stick or branch). 
*Kuvhunanya ( break into many pieces).

## Chirevo

*Mwana waNzou akakwirirwa kudare raSabhuku nemhosva yekutyora gumbo romwanasikana waBangamuseve.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Chewa vanoti **chola** (to break something across, as a stick) kureva kutyora.
*Chewa vanoti **choka** (to be broken or separated, hence to go away or depart).
*Kizigua neLugwere vanoti **kuvunika** (to break; get broken; fracture) kureva kutyora kana kuvhunika
*Lugwere inoti **kuvuna**  (v. break, crack) kureva kuvhuna. 
*Bushong inoti **toka**  (v. come apart or out as a tooth; to be dislocated; be out of joint).
*VaLenje vanoti **kutyoka** (Break, be broken, snap - of something hard, brittle) vachireva kutyoka.
Kutema

Kutema (v. cut down, fell, chop) zvinoreva kucheka chiro kuchishandiswa demo, mbezo kana badza. Apa pashandiswa simba rokukanda chacho chiri kushandiswa kutema nokuzamurira pachinhu chiri kutemwa.

Muhupe (Disturbance in air due to an object passing through it). Akatonzwa muhupe wedemo chete: he heard only the whizzing of the axe as it passed him. 

*Muhupe, mufika kana musika (Tapered end of blade of axe or hoe).

## Zvirevo

*Chinokanganwa idemo asi muti watemwa haukanganwi.

## Mazwi eBantu

*Mururimi rweLuwanga vanoti **okhurema** v.tr. cut down; fell; chop) zvichireva kutema.
*Mururimi rweYao vanoti **kutema** (to cut) kureva **kutema**.
*Mururimi rweYao vanoti **kutemanya** (to break) kureva **kutema**.
Hupombwe

Hupombwe zvinoreva mhosva kana kuti chivi chokurara nomurume kana mukadzi wausina kuroorana naye. Pamirairo gumi yaMwari vakati kuvanhu "Musaite hupombwe". Munyika yeZimbabwe hupombwe imhosva inogona kusvitswa kuMatare eMhosva.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*MaZulu vanoti **ebana** (Get possession of one another surreptitiously (i.e. without parent's knowledge)) vachireva kubana kwemukomana nemusikana - apa zvichidudza kurara vose zvisiri pamutemo.
*Giryama neVaTaita vanoti **ku-zinga** kana **kulaka** (to commit adultery, fornicate). Zigula neKinande vanoti **obukondo**  (n. adultery) kureva hupombwe.
*VaGiryama vanoti **uzindzi** kana **ukolo** (adultery). Vanobva vati m'zindzi kana **mukolo** (adulterer) kureva mhombwe.
*VaChewa vanoti **chigololo**  (improper sexual conduct or adultery). Xilenge vanoti **kusiha**  (v. commit adultery) kuita hupombwe.
*VaZigula vanoti **kutomba**  (v. to commit adultery). Kinande vanoti **omutombi**  (n. a fornicator). Nsenga vanoti **upombo** (n. fornication).
Izwi

*Kuona zvimwe zvirevo ringai: [[Izwi (tsauranisa chirevo)]]*

**Izwi** (kureva *voice*)  kureva kuomba kwemunhu paanotaura achivhura muromo.

## Mitauro ye Chibantu

* Lenje vanoti **liswi** kana **maswi** (sound - articulate or other; cry; voice; word) kureva izwi. 
*VaLenje vanoti **mwambo** (word, utterance, speech) kureva izwi, kana kutaura. VaRwanda vanoti ijwi (n. voice) kureva izwi.
* VaKongo vanoti **ezu** (sound; report of a gun; echo) kureva izwi. Mamwe mazwi **mazu** (noise) zvichireva ruzha. 
* VaGwere vanoti **kigambo** (word) zvichireva izwi kana shoko. VaGanda vanoti **kigambo** (affair, matter, word) vachireva mhaka?.
* Kimbundu vanoti **rizui** (n. voice) kureva izwi. Umbundu vanoti **lilowe** (a sound; a word; a voice) kureva izwi. 
*VaTaita vanoti **iwaka** (n. voice) kureva izwi. Kimbundu vanoti **rizui** (n. voice) kureva **izwi**.
*VaLamba inoti **ishiwi** (n. voice, sound, utterance; cry of any kind) kureva izwi.

## Ringai zve:

* Kuomba
* Inzwi
* Ruzha
* Kutaura
Chikonzero

**Chikonzero** zvinoreva izvo zvinoitisa kuti chinhu chiitike. Vamwe vatauri vanoti chisakiso.

Vanhu vanotenda kuti chinhu chose chine chikonzero, hapana chiitiko chinongoitika chega, kunotova nechimwe chinochisunda kuti chiitike. Zvinhu zviri panyika hazvina kungoitika zvoga asi kuna Mwari akazviita kuti zvivepo. Asi ivo Mwari havana akavakonzera, vanorarama voga kubva kusingaperi kusvika kusingaperi.

Tsaona dzose dzine chinokonzera hadzingoitike dzoga.
*Pamusana (on behalf of, for the sake, on account of).

## Tsika yeHumaneja

Mutemo waPareto unoti, pakuverengwa kwemusaka nehonzeri, zvikamu makumi masere kubva muzana (80%) zvemusaka dzinoonekwa muzviitiko zvizhinji, zvinokonzerwa  nehonzeri zvikamu makumi maviri kubva muzana (20%). 

Zvichitodzana nemutemo uyu, kunonzi mumabhindauko chikamu makumi manomwe kubva muzana (80%) chezvinotengwa chinotengwa nechikamu makumi maviri kubva muzana (20%) chevatengi - kureva kuti ruzhinji rwevatengi (80%) vanotenga zvjnhu zvine hukoshi hwunosvika 20%.  Hapana chakakosha panhamba 80% asi kungoti ndiyo nhamba inonyanya kuwonekwa panocherechedzwa hukama hwezvikonzero nemhedzisiro pazvinhu zvizhinji.

## Zvirevo

*Kamuti kupinyuka mheno akapinyura. If a (burning) stick springs up someone must have made it do so. 

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaHerero vanoti **otyi-ungura** (result; advantage; effect).
*VaWanga vanoti **khuchira** (causes, reasons, be the reason for). **Eshichira** (n. reason, cause). VaBukusu vanoti **khuukila** (v. cause, be reason of).
*VaZigula vanoti **chisa** kana **visa** (cause, be the reason for). Mamwe mazwi: **Visa va hondo ya Somaliya ni vingi** (The causes of the war in Somalia are many).
*MaZulu vanoti **isisusa** kana **izisusa** (Cause, origin, motive). Mamwe mazwi: **umsusi** (One who starts or originates anything).
Kubare

Kubare surname for the kubare clan from Manicaland, Zimbabwe. The kubare clan their totem is bonga, chihwa (wild cat), ikatsi yemusango.
Tsamba

Tsamba kana mwadhi (letter) zvinoreva gwaro rinonyorwa kubva kumunhu kuenda kune mumwe munhu riine mashoko akanangana nemunhu ari kunyorerwa zvichienderana nokuti hukama huri pakati pavo hukamayi. Tsamba dzinokwanisawo kunyorwa dzichibva kumasangano akasiyana siyana kuenda kune avo vavanoshanda navo kana kudyidzana navo. Kana tsamba ichinge yanyorwa inonosiyiwa kuPost Office kune avo vanoifambisa kuenda kwari kufanirwa kunosvika.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaTonga vanoti **lugwalo** (letter) kureva tsamba.
*VaTonga vanoti **ing'wadi** (n. letter) kureva tsamba.MaZulu vanoti **incwadi** (n. book) kureva bhuku.
*Mang'anja vanoti **tsamba** (n. a leaf) kureva shizha.
*VaVenda vanoti **garata** (n. card. From Afrikaans: **kart**) kureva kadhi. VaChewa vanoti **karata**.
Nzou - Samanyanga

Maita nzou Samanyanga maita  mhukahuru mutsika panotinhira vanofamba sevanokavira nyimo vakaita hasha vanodzura miti

maita mhukahuru
dzese mbwende dzinopatiza masvika
vasina hanganwa
vakakubata iyewe wedzoro huru
unotochiona chete
vanorangarira

Maita nzou 
machengeta sango 
ivo zhou vanadzo dzisingabhende
dzinoti dzikabaya dzino svikakunhongonya
mupa murikita pakati nedzakasimba
maita madyemhihwa
magutsa vana 
vakuru vomusha
Mhuka isina mushishi

Malvern yangu yiyi
Vari Manyika Nzou[[
Mukweso

**Mukweso wemagetsi** (muChirungu: electrical resistance) wechinhu chinoshanda nemagetsi zvinoreva kupikisa kwekufamba kwemuyerero wemagetsi muchinhu ichocho. Kana mukweso wakondekwa (inverse) unonzi mugwinho; izvi zvinoreva kuti zviri nyore sei kuti muyerero wemagetsi upfuure muchinhu chinoshanda nemagetsi. Chiyerwo chemukweso mudandira rezviyero pasirose (SI) chinonzi ohm. Mugwinho hunoyerwa mumasiemens.

Chiro chine mucheko wenharaunda, wakaenzanirana chinoratidza mukweso une rupandavaro rwakadondeka hurefu. Zvinhu zvese zvine mukweso wemagetsi, kunze kwemasupakondakita asina mukweso.

Mukweso (R) wechiro unodudzirwa semudida webasa paumwe hwechaji (vhoruteji) kumativi kwechiro (V) nerufuvha muchiro ichocho (I) pachiva nemugwinho (G) iri pindukwo yacho:

:R = {V\over I}, \;\;\;\;\; G = {I\over V}

Kune zviro zvizhinji, **V** na **I** zvine rupandavaro rwakadondeka; izvi zvoreva kuti **R** na **G** mikokonerwa **(constants)** (asi zvinogona kushanduka zvichienderana nezvimwe zvinhu somuenzaniso, hujoto). Rupandavaro urwu runodudzirwa neMutemo waOhm uye zviro zvinotaridza rupandavaromsaizvozvi zvinonzi zviro zviri ohmiki.

Mukweso wemagetsi unoyerwa ne**ohmita** (ohmmeter).

Rimwe izwi rinoreva **resist** nderekuti kutayira, kutavira.???

*Kukwesa (Be defiant, contumacious).

## Mikweso inogarowanikwa

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaWanga vanoti okhukhwesa (pull; draw; drag). Olunyala vanoti khwesa (v. Pull).
*VaNyole vanoti **ohuhwesa** (pull; drag; stretch).
*VaVenda vanoti **nungo** kana **maanda** (n. resistance).

## Kwakawanikwa Ruzivo
Sharaude

Sharaude ivara rinoshandiswa kutsiva kana kuti panzvimbo (as a direct replacement) pezwi rekuti  menu pachirungu. Izwi rekuti sharaude rinokwaniswa kushandiswa chero papi zvapo panoshandiswa izwi rekuti menu muchirugu kusanganisira muruzivo rwemakombuyuta, mumahotera  chero mu consumer electrics zvakadai senge  muma t.v , dvd, maphone zvichingodaro.
Mhana-mhana

Mhana-mhana  izita rechiManyika rinoreva imwe mhando yembeva inemitsara pamusana. Mbeva iyi nozivikanwa nekumhanya uye ndiyo inomhanya kupfuura dzimwe dzese. Pachirungu inodanwa kuti rhabdomys.
Dunhu reManicaland

**Dunhu reManicaland** idunhu munyika yeZimbabwe.

Dunhu reManicaland rine nharaunda ye36,459 km2 nehugari hwemamirioni 1.57, sokubvira 2004. Guta reMutare ndiro guta guru redunhu.

## Nzvimbo

Dunhu rakapoteredzwa nedunhu reMashonaland East kumaodzanyemba, nyika yeMozambique kumabvazuva, dunhu reMasvingo nedunhu reMidlands kumadokero. Guta guru redunhu, Mutare (hugari:184,205), rinova iro 265km kubva kuHarare, inova guta guru yenyika yeZimbabwe neguta rakakurisisa munyika iyoyo, netara.

## [[Dunhu|Zvikwata]]

Manicaland yakagovaniswa kuita zvikwata zvinomwe:

*Buhera
*Chimanimani
*Chipinge
*Makoni
*Chikwata Mutare
*Mutasa
*Nyanga

## Vanhu
Vanhu veku Manicaland vanotaura chiShona asi zvikwata zvakasiyana siyana zvinoitawo mitauro-pazasi (sub-dialect) wawo wega. Somuenzaniso, chikwata Mutasa chinoshandisa mutauro pazasi wechiManyika. Kuchikwata Makoni, vanhu vanoshandisa mutauro-pazasi unonzi Maungwe. vanhu vazhinji vanotevera zvinamato zvechivanhu asi vanoteverawo ChiKristu. Vazhinji maKristu vanova vatendi ve Kereke yeMethodist, vamwe veKereke yeEngland (kereke Anglican) asi vamwewo maRoma. Vamwewo vanopinda makereke echipostori.

## Zvikoro muManicaland
Kazhinji muManicaland munova nechikoro mukati metaramunyongo ye5km. Kune zvikoro zvakawanda zvepuraimari nesekondari zvinowanikwa mudunhu iri. Govaniso yezvikoro inoratidzwa mutafura iri pazasi.

## Mabviro eruzivo
Chirandu

Mazviita Moyo Chirandu 
Gonoren'ombe mushayachirashwa 
Chiri kudanga ganyamatope
Mukaka tinonwa,mafuta tichizora 
Nyama tinodya 
Ganda tichikakisa ngoma 
Ndove tinodzurisa mudzimba 
Muswe tinopumhisa 
Nyanga tichiita gonan'ombe 
Maita Gonyohori Matake 
Vakatakira nedzavamwe paruware 
Gono raMutindi naGochedza 
Vari Maronga neUshava 
Vari Muduma neChiduma 
Mushenjere waVaduma usina pakaminama 
Pakaminama tinoorora 
Vamarera nherera vanorera nedzevamwe 
Ndikafira pano wani 
Kudai kuenda ndichidzoka zvinoita huyo 
Chinondiona sechinameso 
Navaripowo namangwana musanyara
By TT
Ngoda

Ngoda chicherwa chakakosha chino zivikanwa nezita rekuti diamond pachirungu. MuZimbabwe kune migodhi kuChiadzwa, Chimanimani, Beitbridge nekuZvishavane. Kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakaita seku Bhinga dzinozivikanwa kunzi dzinowanikwa ngoda kunyangwe hazvo kusati kwavane mugodhi wacho.

## Tsanangudzo

Zita rekuti ngoda izita itsva rakabva pachiManyika; "kuda" zvinoreva kuyereswa pachiZezuru. Izvi zvakabva pakuti vanhu vaitya kududza nezita nepamusana kwezvaiitika kuChiadzwa vobva vati "kanhu kangoda" zvichireva "kanhu kanoyera" kangoda akazova ndiye ngoda. Ndiko kunamira kwakaita zita.

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Xitsonga inoti **ndzala** (n. diamond) kureva ngoda.
Tsumo

**Tsumo** kana futi zve **shumo** (kureva *idiom*) zvirevo zvinotaurwa zvine hudzamu pakureva mashoko muchidimbu.

## Muenzaniso yeTsumo

*Kare haagari ari kare.
*Chembere mukadzi hazvienzani nokurara mugota.
*Rukova rwizi, kuyambuka unotokwinya nguo.
*Nhaka mbuya ndeye mombe, yemunhu inozvinonera.
*Musande (A proverb or saying) zvichireva chirevo kana tsumo kuChiNdau.
*Din'a kana madin'a (Figure of speech - parable, allegory; 2. Obscure allusion. Double-talk). kureva dimikira kana chibhende. Rega kuita din'a: speak plainly.
*Ndomene haizvichemedzi

## Mitauro yeBantu

*MaZulu vanoti **insumo** (Folk tale; fable).
*VaTonga vanoti **kapango** (Proverb).
*Sangho vanoti dame (n. saying, proverb) kureva chirevo.
Dong Hoi Airport

Guta reDong Hoi, guta guru reQuang Binh (Vietnam), rinova nenhandare yendege inonzi Dong Hoi Airport (Sân bay Đồng Hới).
Curitiba

]
**Curitiba** guta neBrazil, guta guru reParaná.

* https://web.archive.org/web/20140626034932/http://www.curitiba.pr.gov.br/ 
* http://www.curitiba-brazil.com
Guta reHo Chi Minh

**Ho Chi Minh Guta** (Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, Ho Chi Minh City), **Saigon** guta neVietnam. Zvinofungirwa kuti muguta reHo Chi Minh chaimo mune vanhu 7,406,000 (2010), pachiva nevanhu 9,000,000 (2011) mumetropolitan area yayo. 

Mukutongwa, guta reHo Chi Minh rinovawo guta rinozvitonga rinofananidzwa nedunhu. Ho Chi Minh Guta ndiro guta rakakurisa muVietnam yose. Muguta umu munotengeswa nokutengwa zvinhu zvakaita sefodya, chibage, donje nemichero unonzi pachirungu, macitrus fruits. Hushangazhi hurimo hunosanganisira zvesimbi, machira nemakemikaru (chemicals). Munharaunda yeguta munocherwa goridhe.

MuHo Chi Minh ndimo munowanikwa Yunivhesiti yeVietnam, inova iyo yunivhesity ikuru zvakanyanya munyika yeVitenma. Guta reHo Chi Minh rinova nenhandare yendege inonzi Tan Son Nhat International Airport.
Jenjazi

**Jenjazi**  (Chingezi: *Parkinson's Disease, PD*) kana ***Chirwere cheJenjazi*** chirwere cheuropi chisinga rapike. Chiratidzo chikuru chechirwere ichi ndechekuti murwere anenge achi  jenjemera kana kuti kugwagwadza zvakanyanya asina zvaano kwanisa kuita nazvo. Kujenjemara kwacho kwunoitika nguva dzose.

Jenazi chirwere chechinguvarefu kureva kuti chinogarisa nguva yakareba kana hupenyu hwose hwemunhu, chiri mubazi re zvirwere zvinonzi hosha ye dhijeneritivhi (*degenerative disorder*) uye chinotambudza Udzira Mutandi Wepakati (CNS) rinonyanyisa kubata mutandira we uhamba.

Masimputomu anowanzo buda zvishoma nezvishoma, uye nekunyanya kwechirwere, masimputomu asiri e mtandira we mota anowonekawo. Masimputomu anotanga kuoneka inhetemwa, *rigidity*, uporepore we uhamba, uye kukona kutaura. Matambudziko e ungwaru ne maitiro anogona kuitikawo futi, pamwe ne vufukamoyo,  netsekanohuru, ne vushayashungu zvese zvinoitika muvanhu vane jenjazi. Hurivari kana urashakumbuko hwe jenjazi runooneka nekuenderera kwe masteji echirwere chacho. Avo vane jenjazi vanogonawo kunetsekana nemitandira yekurara ne kusensa. Masimputomu emota echirwere anopedzisira akonzeresa rufu rwe nyere mu *substantia nigra*, rhijoni yepakati pehuropi, zvichiita kuti dhopamini ipunguke. Rufu rwenyere dzacho hanunyatsonzwisiswa, asi unosanganisa kuunganidzwa kwe mapurotini asina kupeteka-kwazvo mumwiri ye Lewi mumanyuroni. Pamwe chete, masimputomu emota makuru anozivikanwa wo se ujenjazi (*parkinsonism*) kana dovodzano ye Jenjazi.

## Mazwi ashandiswa

* **[[chinguvarefu]]** kana **kuroniki** kureva (*chronic*)
* Shoko rechishongrish rokuti ***dhijeneritivhi*** ndirorashandiswa, reChivanhu chairo rinodikanwa (*degenerative*)
* **[[Hosha]]** kureva (*disorder*)
* **[[Udzira Mutandi we Pakati|Udzira Mutandi we Pakati (UMP)]]** kana futi **[[Udzira Mutanda we Pakati|Dandaudzira re Pakati (DP)]]** kureva (*central nervous sytem*)
* **[[Mutandira we Mota|Mtandira we Mota]]** kana **[[Mutandira we Uhamba|Mtandira we Uhamba]]** (*motor system*)
* **Hurivara** (kureva *dementia*, kubva pashoko rekuti kurivara rinoreva kukanganwa *forgetfulness*. Kana pane rimwe shoko ngariiswe pamusoro peiri, ndavonga)
** **[[Urashakumbuko]]** (lose memory) kureva *dementia* - kubva pashoko rokuti kukumbuka (*remember*) mumitauro ye Chibhantu.
*Dhopamini (kureva *dopamine*)
* Kupunguka (*deficiency*)
* Dovodzano ye jenjazi (*parkinsonian syndrome*)
* Mwiri-lewi (lewy bodies)
Samaita Mutasa

Maita Tembo 
Maita Mutasa 
Mbizi chivara  
Manjenjenje  
Chishongo cherenje  
Gandarevasikana  
Kuringa mbizi kuringa makumbo kumusoro kuvaraidza  
Chishonga masango 

Maita vari Manyika  
Vari Chirovarova  
Vari Mahwemasimike  
Maita Binga Gwara  
Chifambausiku  
Mutasa akachekwa  
Zuva rikaora  

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Sangho vanoti ita (n. a relative or someone whose friendship is so intimate as to warrant a sort of honorary inclusion in the family).
*Sangho vanoti ita (n. member of one's clan in the same generation, in particular one's siblings, but including parallel cousins).

## Mamwe Magwaro Anechokuita Nenhetembo Yokutenda Vana Samaita Mbizi
Nhetembo iyi ivandudzo yenhetembo yakatogwa kubva mugwaro iri rakanyogwa naVaKahari apo vaive godobori uye mudzidzisi mukuru wezve mitauro yemarudzi emuAfurika pachikoro chikuru chedzidzo dzemberi-mberi cheYunivhesiti yeZimbabwe:
:Kahari G P (1984), *Cultural Identity and Cross-Cultural Communication: Problems of Translation,* Zambezia, 1984-5, Volume XII, pp. 55 - 73
 maita tembo
D Rambs tembo vemashuwa
Vakazvarirwa renje
Chimera

Chimera mumera kana kuti mamera (*malt*; sprouted corn, used in brewing traditional beer) imbesa dzinoshandiswa mukubikwa kwedoro. Vamwe vanoti mvuriro. Chimera chinogadzirwa nekunyikwa mumvura kusvika mbesa dzacho dzava kutanga kumera. Padzinenge dzava kutanga kumera dzobva dzanyururwa dzowomeswa nekusasikwa pamushana dzobva dzatswiwa muduri kana kukuyiwa paguyo. Mbesa dzinonyanya kushandiswa dzinoti zviyo, semuenzaniso njera, mapfunde, chibage, barley negorosi.

Pazvinonyikwa zviyo, zvino funga kuti zvadyariwa. Mutota wobva wakonzeresa mbeu idzi kuti dzigadzire maenzymes akasiyana-siyana anosanganisira erwudzi rwemaprotease nemaamylase. Ma enzymes aya anotanga kugaya maproteins nemacarbohydrates ari mumbeu kuenda kumaamino acid netsvigiri izvo zvinodiwa pakumera kwembesa dzacho. Dzisati dzanyanya kukura vanobva vamisa kukura uku nekuwomesa mbesa dziya maenzymes aya asati ashandiswa nedzinde riri kumera. Ma enzymes aya ndiwo anozo shandiswa mukubikwa doro.  

## Mazwi eBantu

*VaSwahili vanoti **kimea** (sprouted seed of grain - used for making beer).
*Mururimi rweLuwanga vanoti **amamera** (yeast e.g., for making beer, often from finger millet or maize, see also limera)).
Nzwisa

Nzwisa (Sample, taster) zvinoreva chinhu chinopiwa somuraidzo kusati kwapakurwa zvizhinji, izvi zvichiitwa kuti munhu adavire wega kuti anoda kupakurirwa zvabikwa here kana kuti kwete. 

Shoko rokuti nzwisa rinokwanisawo kushandiswa pakuridzwa kwenziyo pamutambo - apa nzwisa kuri kuridzwa kudiki kwekuti vanhu vatorwe moyo nerwiyo ngoma ichizoenderera mberi pava pamberi. Saka nzwisa ndiyo inganzi zvakare maraidzo kan kuti *taster or sample* kuEnglish

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaTonga vanoti nzwisa (beer given freely for tasting) kureva doro rinopiwa mahara senzwisa.
Ruvara

*Ruvara (Colour) apa kureva rudzi rwechinhu rwatinoona neziso sokuti nhema, dzvuku, pfumbu, kiwani zvichingodaro.
*Ruvara rweMusha (Site of new house) apa kureva nzvimbo iri kuvakwa musha mutsva.

## Mitauro ye Afrika

*VaYao vanoti **luwala** (an open space) kureva **ruvara**.
*VaUmbundu vanoti **ociwala** (ground that is broken - cleared) kureva **ruvara**. 
*MaZulu vanoti **ulubala** (Open country, empty of trees, etc., unoccupied by people) vachireva ruvara.
*Podoko vanoti bala (n. Open terrain) kureva chiwara.
Hurukuro

Hurukuro (discussion) zvinoreva kutaurirana pakati pevanhu vangava vaviri kana vanodarika. Kazhinji vanhu vari kuita hurukuro vanenge vachitaurirana mune zvakanaka pasina kupopotedzana. Hurukuro ingava yokutaurawo zvako pasina chinoda kugadziriswa asi inokwanisa kuvawo yokuita kuti zvinhu zvigadziriswe pakati pevanhu.Kana kudzirisana (play)

## Mazwi eBantu

*Lugungu inoti **makuru** (matters; situations or events that are thought about, discussed etc.)
*Lugungu inoti **mahuure; makuru** (news; new information that has just happened on something or what is happening around the world).
*Umbundu inoti ulongo/ohango (n. conversation) kureva hurukuro.
Rwendo

**Rwendo** (nge. *Journey,* tichiti futi: **rgwendo** kana **Gwendo** muChikaranga) pahuwandu tinoti **nzendo**, zvinotaura kufamba munhu achibva pamusha paari kuenda kumwe. Rwendo rungava rwemazuva mazhinji kana rwema hour mashoma. Rungava rwendo rwekufamba netsoka, muchovha, bhazi,ndege, chikepe, bhiza zvichingodaro. Rwendo rwose rune chinangwa.

*Bindirira (Continuation of a journey. Aita bindirira: he kept on walking and did not stop as he passed here.
*Kubumhudza (to rest, make a halt to rest on a journey).
*Bumhudzo (A resting place).
*Gwiri, kotsvi kana kwingwiri (ideophone of Starting to follow a spoor. 2. of Setting out on a Journey).
*Rwendo mutanda (long journey). 
*Rwendo ruuya (prosperous journey). 
*Mvurumuko (journey got up in a hurry).
 
## Tsumo

*Angoita fungira moyo rwendo rwembwa ndokusviko yambuka kuenda kwaMurambinda.
*Mwana muduku kubvuma rwendo rwake rwuri mukati. If a child agrees to a journey, his interest is involved. 
*Tasvika pachigonhi: we have come to the end of the journey.
*Kurova werwendo kuzvikohwera mapfumo mberi. 
*Kutuka werwendo kuzvisosera nzira ngeminzwa. To scold a traveller (means) to block one's path with thorns. 
*Kunyatsa kufamba unovirirwa womhanya. (If you begin by) walking slowly, you will run at sunset.
*Kufamba kwadi-kwadil unodokerwa womhanya. Walking slowly and carefully you will have the sun go down on you and you will have to run.
*Dzinobva ruuya, dzinoenda ruuya. Those that leave peacefully will go peacefully.
*Dzinoendera madzoko, marindo ariko mberi. They leave with the idea of returning but spending a night out lies ahead. 
*Usatuke verwendo rutsoka ndiMarashe.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaVenda  vanoti **lwendo** (journey). Mamwe mazwi: **-tshimbila** (v. take a journey; travel) kureva kufamba rwendo. **Mutshimbili** (n. traveller).
*VaRundi  vanoti **urugendo** (journey) vachireva rwendo. VaGwere  vanoti **lugendo** kana **ulugendo** (journey) kureva rwendo.
*VaChewa vanoti **mlendo** (a traveler; a visitor; a stranger) kureva rwendo. VaMbugwe vanoti **lwendo** (movement) kureva rwendo.
*VaKagulu vanoti **nhambo** (journey) vachireva rwendo. Zigula, Kagulu neTaita vanoti **kutamba** (v. travel; journey) - kufamba rwendo.
*VaLozi vanoti **muzamai** (n. traveller, person on a journey (from -zamaya). VaZigula vanoti **ntambo** (n. travel, journey) kureva murwendo.
Nhonho

Nhonho chirwere chinoitika kunyanya pasi petsoka. Chirwere ichi chinoonekwa nemavanga matema  anoita kunge ari pasi peganda retsoka. 
Mumwaka wokunge kuchidziya nhonho ndipo padzinonyanya kuvamba, naizvozvo dzinenge dzinokuchidzirwa nokunge tsoka dzemunhu dzichipiswa.
Hwindi

Hwindi zvinoreva munhu anoshanda muKombi kana Emergency Taxi anobata achiitambira  mari kubva kuvanhu vanenge vafamba nemuchovha uyu. Basa rahwindi rinosanganisira kukokera vanhu kuti vauye vapinde mubhazi kana muchovha waari kushandira.

## Zvakakosha paBasa raHwindi
*Kuva munhu anokwanisa kutaura nevanhu.
*Kuziva kubata mari achiziva masvomhu emari  dzaanobata.
*Munhu anokwanisa kuswera akamira asinganeti makumbo ake.
*Munhu anokwanisa kushevedzera parhenki asinganyare.

## Mukuswera nana Hwindi

Ana hwindi vanhu vanomukira basa rungwanani, vagoswera varipo pabasa nedzimwe nguva vachichayisa kwasviba. Imwe nguva vanhu vanoita hasha kana kutaura pfocho vachinge vasangana neavadenha.
Nhetemwa

**Nhetemwa** (kureva *tremor* muChingezi) zvinoreva chiitiko chokunge ruwoko rusingagone kudzikama kana munhu aine chaakabata. Ruwoko urwu runoita sorwunodedera kunyangwe munhu asiri kutonhorwa. Kana munhu ane nhetemwa akabata kapu ine mvura imwe nguva mvura iyi inenge ichirasika nokuda kwokuti ruwoko runenge ruchidedera. Nhetemwa inonyanya muvanhu vakura uye inokwanisa kuuya nokurwara. 

Nhetemwa inowanikwa muvanhu vane chirwere che jenjazi pakati pezvimwe.

## Tsika

*Kana munhu achinzi haana nhetemwa kureva kuti haazezi kuita zvinhu zvihombe, ane chivindi pakuita zvinhu zvinotyiwa nevazhinji.

*Kuti Dzidzinindi (be steady).
Masikati

Masikati (noon) inguva yokunge zuva rakwira zvichibva pana 12 dzezuva rakacheka nuira. Panguva iyi vanhu vanenge vokwazisana *Masikati* asi kwete *maswera sei?*. 

Rudziyakamwe inguva apo zuva rinopisa zvakanyanya; panguva iyi zuva rinenge riri pakati pedenga richirova nhongonya. Nokumwe kutaura nguva iyi inonzi yechikumura mabhachi.

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Lozi inoti **lisikati** (n. noon) kureva masikati. Tonga inoti **isikati** kana **isyikati** (n. noon; midday) kureva masikati.
*Lozi inoti **musihali** (n. daytime, daylight) kureva masikati. Sesotho inoti **motseare** (n. afternoon) kureva masikati.
*Kikongo inoti **mini** (n. light, a light, torch, candle, lamp, lantern) kureva chiedza kana mwenje. Ndebele inoti **emini** kureva masikati.
*Lunyoro inoti **nyamusana** (midday; noon) kureva masikati kana zuva rakacheka nyika. Sangho inoti **lakota** kureva zuvaguru.
*Mbugwe inoti **mo-nsekate** (n. daytime) kureva masikati.
Mangwanani

Nguva yemangwanani ndiyo nguva yokutanga kwezuva kubva pakuyedza  kwezuva vanhu vachimuka. Nguva iyi inotaurwawo nenzira dzimwe dzakasiyana. Kubata jongwe muromo kunotaura kuti munhu amuka rungwanani machongwe asati akukuridza. Mashambanzou inguva yerungwanani zvakare apo panoonekwa nzou dzichienda kudziva kunonwa mvura nokugeza miviri yadzo. Mambakwedza kana kuti mavambakuyedza zvinoreva rungwanani pakutangisa kwawo.

*Mazambambira (Early morning, just after sunrise when dassies sun themselves) inguva yemangwanani Suva richangoyedza apo mbira dzinozamba zuva.
*Chedza (first dawn).

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*MaZulu vanoti **ekuseni** (n. In the morning, at dawn; early morning) kureva makuseni. 
*Basotho vanoti **hoseng** (n. morning) kureva makuseni. Nyungwe vanoti **macibese** (n. morning) kureva mangwanani. 
*Sepedi vanoti **goseng** (n. morning) kureva makuseni. 
*MaZulu vanoti **ukusa** (to dawn, rising of the sun) kureva pakuyedza kwezuva. Zigula vanoti **kucha** (n. dawn).
*Nyungwe inoti **kweru** (early afternoon) pakuvamba kwemasikati. VaGanda vanoti **kikeru** kana **nakeru** (early) vachireva kweru.
*Hadiyya inoti **dara** (n. morning) kureva mangwanani. **Daridara** (n. every morning). Zigula inoti **mtondo** (n. morning) kureva mangwanani.
Kubvumbi

**Kubvumbi** (kureva *Epurewu* paChishongrish muKarenda ya Gregori) mwedzi wechina unoteera Kurume uye ichizoteverwa na Chivabvu. MuKarenda ye Chivanhu, Kubvumbi anoteverwa na Chivabvu makore maviri uye na Bandwe mugore rechitatu rine mwezi guminetatu. 

## Vambo rezita
Kubvumbi zvinoreva mwedzi wemvura. Kazhinji muZimbabwe mvura inonaya nemvura zhinji-zhinji uye mabhanan'ana. Pava pakupera kwemwaka wemvura ndipo panonaya mvura nyoro muna Kubvumbi.

## Mwaka

## Tsika dzevanhu

### Zimbabwe

* Musi wa18 Kubvumbi izuva rekupemberera Kusununguka kweNyika yeZimbabwe.

## Mabviro eruzivo
Kutandara

Kutandara (v. to visit; spend time in social conversation) zvinoreva kunge vanhu vari vese vachikurukura nyaya dzinovaraidza pasina gakava. Vanhu vanonyanya kutandara nguva dzamanheru, vapedza mabasa uye vapedza kudya chirariro. Vanhu vanokwanisawo kutandara vachiita mabasa madiki asingaremi sokuti: kutokonora nzungu kana chibage, kusona, nezvimwewo zvidiki. Vamwe ndivo vanotandara vari panguva yekudya.

*Dandaro (Relaxed conversation especially in the evening).
*Nhandari
*Dandadzo (Past time especially in the evening).

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Chikunda vanoti tandala (v. to visit).
Kuwomera

Kuwomera zvinoreva kusada kuburitsa mari panguva dzokunge munhu akafanirwa kunge achiburitsa mari yokubhdhara zviripo zvinofanirwa kuitwa. Apa kazhinji panenge pachitaurwa munhu anayo mari asi asingadi kuishandisa.

## Tsika
*Akawomera sechapungu chisingadonhedzi munhenga.
Nyota

Nyota ihavi yokuda kunwa mvura kana zvimwe zvinonwiwa. Nyota inokonzerwa nokushomeka kwemvura mumuviri kana kuvepo kwezvinhu zvakadai semunyu zvinokonzera kuti munhu ade kunwa mvura.

*Kamhutu kana kudzvutura (to sip, to take a sip) kutaura kunwa zvishomane.

## Mamwe mazwi

*Dope kana matope (muddy water; mud).
*Yatsika dope yanwa.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaFwe vanoti **nyota** (thirst) kureva nyota.
*Yao vanoti **njota** (thirst) kureva nyota. Kikuyu vanoti **kunyota** (v. to thirst) kureva kuva nenyota.
*Kirundu vanoti **kunyoterwa** (to be thirsty) vachireva kuva nenyota. Mamwe mazwi: **kunyotera** (to make thirsty).
Mvana

Hapana mukadzi anonzi mvana
## Tsika

*Tsitsi dzeyi tsvimborume kubvisa mwana wemvana.
*Mvana inoshushira ngeine mwana. An unmarried mother, although difficult to approach, can still bear another child. 
*Usikana idamba kamwe chikuru umvana. Girlhood is something enjoyed once (but) motherhood remains great.
Mandianike

mandianike originally madziyanike from mutambara. (pliz fill in the correct infomation about the mandianike family history)thank you
Nguva dzezuva

Nguva dzemazariramombe

## Mangwanani

Nguva yemangwanani ndiyo nguva yokutanga kwezuva kubva pakuyedza  kwezuva vanhu vachimuka. Nguva iyi inotaurwawo nenzira dzimwe dzakasiyana. Kubata jongwe muromo kunotaura kuti munhu amuka rungwanani machongwe asati akukuridza. Mashambanzou inguva yerungwanani zvakare apo panoonekwa nzou dzichienda kudziva kunonwa mvura nokugeza miviri yadzo. 

*Mazambambira (Early morning, just after sunrise when dassies sun themselves) inguva yemangwanani Suva richangoyedza apo mbira dzinozamba zuva.
*Chedza (first dawn).

## Masikati

Iyi inguva yokunge zuva rakwira zvichibva pana 12 masikati. Panguva iyi vanhu vanenge vokwazisana *Masikati* asi kwete *maswera sei?*.
Rudziyakamwe inguva apo zuva rinopisa zvakanyanya; panguva iyi zuva rinenge riri pakati pedenga richirova nhongonya. Nokumwe kutaura nguva iyi inonzi yechikumura mabhachi.

## Manheru

Nguva yemanheru inotaurwa kana zuva rarereka paye parinenge ronodoka. Apa vanhu vanenge vokwazisana *manheru, maswera sei?*. Nguva iyi inotaurwa nenzira dzimwe dzakasiyana. Rubvunza vaeni inguva dzekunge zuva ronodoka vanhu vabva kumabasa kana kumunda apo paisvika vanhu mumisha kwobvunzwa kuti *ko ndiani mueni asvika pamusha uyo*. Nokumwe kutaura nguva iyi inokwanisa kunzi madeko.

*Madeko (evening at twilight).
*kweru kana rukungurima (Twilight - morning or evening). Fanoenda kuchiri kweru: set off early in the first light. 
*kwerure (ideo of Spending whole night doing something).

## Husiku

Shoko rokuti husiku rinotaura nguva iyo zuva rinenge radoka kwasviba, kusisina vazhnji vanobata basa kana kufamba. Nguva iyi inobatanidza apo vanhu vanenge varara ichinopinda murungwanani.

Ticharara kwaMutoko husiku huviri. We shall sleep two nights in Mutoko.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaNyungwe vanoti **macibese** (n. morning) kureva mangwanani. 
*VaNyungwe vanoti **kweru** (early afternnon) kureva pakuvamba kwemasikati.
*VaGanda vanoti **kikeru** kana **nakeru** (early) vachireva kweru.
*MaZulu vanoti **nkwela** (Dawn, clear; become light, bright) kureva kweru.
Mhombwe

Mhombwe zvinoreva murume anorara nemunhukadzi uyo asina kuroora. Shoko iri rinokwanisawo kushandiswa pamunhukadzi anorara pabonde nemurume waasina kuroorana naye.

*Muchindi (Adulterer, fornicator) zvinoreva mhombwe.

## Tsika

Mubhaibheri mutemo wechinomwe (7) pamitemo gumi yaMwari unoti "Usaite hupombwe".

Patsika nemitemo wemaZimbabwe, hupombwe imhosva inoripiswa.
Mhere

Mhere (loud cry; raising alarm) zvinotaura kuchema munhu achishevedzera nezwi riri pamusoro. Munhu anokwanisa kuridza mhere zvichikonzerwa nezvinhu zvakawanda zvinosanganisira: kuvhundutswa nechinhu chinotyisa, kunzwa nhau dzerufu, kana kurohwa.

## Tsika

*Kuridza mhere kana kubura mhere (to howl or cry out) zvinoreva kuzhamba kana kuchema nezwi rakakwira.
*Kana pamusha pachinge pafa munhu, varipo vanoridza mhere senzira yokuudza vavakidzani kuti pano pamusha paita rufu.
*Akaimba muimbi Oliver Mtukudzi akati - *Tumirai [[mhere]] kuvakuru kuno kwaita mabasa ...*.
*Brenda Fassie akaimba: **Noma nginga memeza ma akusizi lutho** (Even if I scream, it won't help) - kunyangwe ndikazhamba hazvibatsire.

## Tsumo

*Aridza mhere, atya. One who has called for help has surrendered.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Mang'anja vanoti **kubula** (to howl or cry out) kureva kuzhamba kana kushevedzera. VaDigo vanoti **chema** (to shout) kureva kushevedzera. Mamwe mazwi: **chemi** (yell, scream).
*VaMambwe vanoti **-pongomola** (to raise the voice, to speak loudly) zvinoreva kubongomora.
*MaZulu vanoti **bongoza** (Wail, cry aloud) kureva kubongomora. Mamwe mazwi: **bongozela** (Wail for).
*MaZulu vanoti **mbongoza** (Wail loudly, howl with grief) kureva kubongomora. Sokuti: **Abesifazane bakhala ngokumbongoza** (The women are wailing loudly).
Kutondera

**Kutondera** (kureva *to reminisce; reminiscence*)  

### Mamwe mashoko

* Kurangarira - to memorize 
* Kuyeuka - to remember
* kuchechuka - to realize

## Ringai futi:

* Nhoto
* Kugaya
* Kufungisisa
Chipakati

Chipakati (median in English) ndiyo nhamba iri pakati penzimwe kana dzichinge dzarongwa maererano nehukuru hwadzo. Sokuti kana pane nhamba dzinoti 1,2,3,5,7,8,9,11,12,15,18,27,30 chipakati anenge ari 9 nokuti ane nhamba nhanhatu kurudyi nekuruboshwe.
Guwe

*Guwe (laugh in unison - many people).
*Guwe (a flood on the land - not merely a river in flood) apa zvichireva jezi kana boporodzi remvura yazara panyika.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaZigula vanoti **ngalika** (n. deluge). Sokuti: **Ngalika ya Nuhu** (Noah's deluge).
*VaZigula vanoti **ngalika** (major flood). 
*VaZigula vanoti **ngalika** (n. hurricane).
Kumhura

Kumhura zvinoreva kutaura mashoko asina kururama pamusoro pemumwe munhu, zvikurusei mashoko asina chokwadi chizere. Mashoko ekumhura anoita kuti uya munhu ari kutaurwa nezvake agumisidze ave kuzvidzwa kana kushorwa munzvimbo iyo anobata ari. Kumatare emhosva, kumhura mumwe munhu imhosva inoripiswa muripo; imhosva inoda kunofanana nekupumha huroyi.

## Mitauro yeAfrika

Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeAfrica, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. 

*Luganda inoti okukonjera (v. slander) kureva kumhura.
Hutong'o

Hutong'o kana chiunwa (toughness) zvinoreva kusimba kwechinhu kwekusada kutatamuka zvakaita serunda kana richifananidzwa nemunyepfu wenyama.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Nyama yedore remombe ine chiunwa saka inofanirwa kubikwa kwenguva yakareba kuti inatse kuibva.
Pasirose

Shoko rokuti Pasirose (World in English) rinoshandiswa kureva nyika dzose dziri pano pasi zvichisanganisira zvitsuwa, zviumbe, negungwa.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Taita vanoti **msanga** (earth) kana **isanga lyose** (the whole world). Luwanga vanoti  **eshialo** (country, world, land) kureva nyika kana Pasirose.
*Tumbuka vanoti  **charu** (land, earth, field)  vachireva nyika, ivhu kana munda. Lugwere vanoti **kyalo** (nation, world).
*Nsenga vanoti  **charo** (land, earth) kureva nyika kana ivhu. Lunda vanoti  **chalo** (land, earth) vachireva nyika kana ivhu.
*Lenje vanoti **chisi** (country, region, land, district, village and its neighbourhood). Kirundi kune izwi rekuti **i-si** (earth, world), pakuwanda zvonzi **amasi**.
*Chisena vanoti  **dziko** (land) kureva nyika. Lenje vanoti  **museye** (earth, soil, mould, ground) kureva ivhu kana pasi. 
*Kikongo vanoti **nza** (the world, the earth, the globe). Kalanga vanoti  **shango** (country; land; earth; the world) kureva nyika.
Muchovha Mota

Muchovha zvinoreva ngoro ine maviri ine injini inoshandiswa kutakura vahu kana nhumbi kubva pane panzvimbo kuenda pane imwe. Izvi zvoreva kuti motokari; bhazi; gonyeti zvose muchova nokuti zvinokwanisa kuchova munhu kubva panzvimbo kuenda pane imwe. Mutauro wekuti **muchovha** ungaita kunge wechimanjemanje asi panhau yokunge towumba mazwi matsva mururimi rweShona, shoko iri ndiro riri pedyo kududza chinonzi "vehicle" muchirungu. Zvakanaka kuti paonekwe kuti muchovha hazvisiki kureva chitsaru aiwa, kana chitsva chacho muchovha.

Chitsaru chave kunetsa kufamba kwacho ndicho chinonzi **sikorokoro**.

Simbi yakaita denderedzwa inopoteredzwa nevhiri remuchovha kana bhasikoro (rim) inonzi gangari paChiShona.

## Nyika
Kutakurwa kwepasi kunobata ese epasi-akavakirwa masisitimu ekufambisa ayo anopa mafambiro evanhu, zvinhu uye masevhisi. Zvifambiso zvepasi zvinoita basa rakakosha mukubatanidza nharaunda kune mumwe nemumwe. Zvifambiso zvepasi ndicho chinhu chakakosha pakuronga maguta. Inosanganisira 2 mhando, njanji uye mugwagwa.

Motokari dzinopa kuchinjika kwepamusoro, asi dzinoonekwa dzine simba rakawanda uye kushandiswa kwenzvimbo, uye sosi huru yeruzha uye kusvibiswa kwemhepo mumaguta; mabhazi anobvumira kufamba kunoshanda zvakanyanya pamutengo wekuderedzwa kuchinjika. Kutakura mumigwagwa nerori kazhinji ndiyo yekutanga uye yekupedzisira nhanho yekutakura zvinhu.

## Kurerusa Mutauro
* Kugadzira (to make)
* Kunhadzira kana kunasira kuChiNdau (to make).
* Kufotokoza (repair in Chewa) 
* Kasira kunasira zvipimo zvitatu zvoufu hwakamoseka, uhukanye, uite zvingwa.

## Mabviro eruzivo
Choto

**Choto** (fireplace; hearth) zvinoreva nzvimbo yakaveswa moto nehuni, uyu uri moto une chinangwa chokudziyisa kana kubikisa kana kuitawo mamwe mabasa. Kare choto chaigadzirwa chiine mabwe matatu kana mana anonzi mapfihwa. Basa remapfihwa raive kugadzikira hari dzekubikisa, saka mapfihwa aifanirwa kuve akaenzana hurefu hwawo.

## Tsika

*Choto, Nyachoto, Mukombachoto mazita emhuri.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Izwi rokuti chibeso (cooking places; grates; grid-irons; fire place; a hearth) rinotaurwa kuKalanga richireva choto. Zvichida ndipo panobva zita rokuti Chiveso. Kumaruwa ekwaMusana kune nzvimbo inonzi Chiveso.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaGanda vanoti **choto** (fireplace; hearth, oven; baking place) kureva choto.
*VaGungu vanoti **kyoto** kana **byoto** (n. fireplace) kureva choto.
Rinopasi

Rinopasi, Ethi kana Eretsi (Earth; chikwangwani: ) mashoko anotaura ino nyika ine matunhu negungwa. Rinopasi imwe yemitumbi iri muchadenga uye ndiwo woga mutumbi unozivikanwa kuti unogona kuraramisa zvipenyu. Dzimwe nyeredzi dzose nemimwe mitumbi iri muchadenga hadzina hupenyu hunozivikanwa huriko.
Africa Zasi kweSahara

Muchidzidzo cheTaranyika **Africa Zasi kweSahara** zvinoreva dunhu rine nyika dziri kuchamhembe kwegwenga reSahara. Dunhu iri rinosanganisira nyika dzinoti chimwe chikamu chiri mugwenga reSahara chimwe chikamu chiri kuchamhembe kweSahara.
Munangatire

**Munangatire** izita remhuri rinowanikwa muZimbabwe. 

*Vanhu vane zita iri: Temba Munangatire; Tawanda Munangatire; Nyarai Munangatire; Herbert Munangatire.
*Kunangatira (v. Earn).

## Mitauro yeAfrika

Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeAfrica, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana **zvachose** nemazwi ari pasi aya. Pane tarisiro yekuti mitauro yeAfrika inotodzana mazwi.

*Bushong inoti **nangata** kana **bakata** (v. to adhere; adhere as servant to master; be firm, steady or solid; be stiff; immovable). 
*Swahili vanoti nanga (Anchor). Lugungu vane izwi rokuti **nanga** (n. Anchor, something that prevents a canoe from moving). 
*Vatauri verurimi rweBaila vanoti **nanga** (v. to seize - in reference to seizing of one's property by older kinsmen). 
*Kikongo vanoti **nanga** (v. Sojourn - live temporary, tarry; to reside for a time, stay, delay) zvichireva kugara panzvimbo kwenguva pfupi.
*Lenje vanoti **nanga** (walk on toes; go gently) kureva kunyahwaira. Bavili vanoti **bunaangë** (importance).
Nhutirwa

Nhutirwa (Inputs in English) zvinotaura chero zvinhu zviri kupinda panharaunda iri kucherechedzwa. 

*Kana pari pakurima nhutirwa zvinhu zvinosanganisira: mbeu, mvura, mufudze nezvimwewo.

*Kana pari pakufamba kwebhazi nhutirwa zvinhu zvinosanganisira peturu, mafuta nezvimwewo.

*Zvacho zvinobuda panharaunda iyi zvinonzi nhururwa. 

*Hukama huripo pakati penhutirwa nenhururwa hunotsanangurwa nemunangatire.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

Shoko rokuti nhutirwa rinotodza rokuti kututira rinoreva kupinza zvinhu panharaunda iri kucherechedzwa iri kutaurwa nezvayo. Shoko ndiro rimwe kuti nhutirwa paumwe nepakuwanda.
Nhururwa

Nhururwa (Outputs English) zvinotaura chero zvinhu zviri kubuda panharaunda iri kucherechedzwa. 

*Kana pari pakurima nhururwa zvinhu zvinosanganisira: goho rembeu dzingava chibage kana zviyo, nyama yezvipfuyo, mukaka nezvimwewo.
*Kana pari pabhazi nhururwa ndiyo mari yabatwa uye kushandirwa kwaitwa vafamba parwendo nebhazi.
*Zvacho zvinopinda panharaunda iyi zvinonzi nhutirwa.
*Hukama huripo pakati penhutirwa nenhururwa hunotsanangurwa nemunangatire.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Shoko rokuti nhururwa rinotodza mashoko  anoti kudurura, kuturura kana kuturuka. Kuturura zvinoreva kuburutsa kana kubvisa zvinhu panharaunda iri kucherechedzwa, iri kutaurwa nezvayo. Kuturuka zvinoreva kuburuka kana kudonha sokunaya kunoita mvura.
*Shoko ndiro rimwe kuti nhururwa paumwe nepakuwanda.
 
## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaDigo vanoti **turuka** kana **kutoka** (to come out) kureva kubuda.
Nhekairo

Shoko rokuti kutekaira rinoreva kufamba kuchiBudya. Saka nhekairo ringaturikirwa kuti **motion, movement or kinetic** kuEnglish.

Pakutaura mazuva ose unonzwa kuchinzi:

*Zviri kutekaira here?

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Dzerevende ( Wander about. Be at a loose end) kana kutekaira. Sokuti - Ndiye anodzverevenda: he is the one who hangs about and delays his departure.
*Kutekaira (carry heavily in hands).

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

***Kinetic Energy** inenge yonzi Simba reNhekairo kana kuti simba rezvinotekaira.
Mutekairi

Mutekairi izita remhuri rinowanikwa munyika yeZimbabwe.

## Mitauro yeBantu

Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeChiBantu, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. Chinangwa ndechekutsvaga zvinoreva mazita, zvikurusei kana mazita aya asisiri kutaurwa mumutauro wemazuva ano.

*VaMaconde vanoti **kudeka** kana **kunema** (to walk with a swagger).
*VaKongo vanoti **teka** (trade, buy, sell).
Dunhu reMuny'asi meArctic

Dunhu reMuny’asi  meArctic zvinoreva nzvimbo dzenyika dzakapopteredza denderedzwa reArctic iro riri kuMaodzanyemba kweRinopasi. Dunhu iri rinotonhora samare.
Runhanhira

Muchidzidzo chefundoyetsimba, runhanhira (momentum in English) zvinoreva simba riri pamutumbi uri kufamba rokuti  unoda kupfuurira mberi nokufamba. Runhanhira runowanikwa nokuunga huremu nemuchacha wemutumbi uri kucherechedzwa.

**Runhanhira   =  huremu  x muchacha**

Shoko reEnglish rokuti **momentum** rinoreva **power of movement** kureva masundire echinhu chiri kufamba, ane chekuita nehuremu uye muchacha uri kufambwa nawo.. 

## Kupiwa kwezita

*Kana munhu achimanya, akanzi chimira pakare-pakare, panoonekwa kuti izvi hazvigoneke - munhu anotomboramba achibanha dzimwe nhanho kuenda mberi asati akwanisa kumira. Ipapa pakuramba munhu achibanha dzimwe nhanho kuenda mberi, asi iye ati anoda kumira ndipo pabva zita rokuti runhanhira. Nokuti pane simba riripo pakumhanya ratisingagoni kumisa pakarepo. Munhu anodanha kupfuura apo afunga zano rokuti amire, zvoita sokunge ave kunhanhira kuenda mberi uko anga asisafanire kuenda.

* Zvimwechete nebhazi kuti haringamire kuti tsvii panzvimbo pavambwa kutsikwa bhureki, asi rinombosundira mberi kwechinhambwe. Kana zviya bhazi richimhanya, mutyairi otsika mabhureki panoonekwa bhazi richipfurira mberi nokufamba zvisinei kuti mabhureki atsikwa.
Hunyong'o

Hunyong’o izita rinopiwa zvinhu zvinon’ura zvimwe -acid pachirungu. Mienzaniso yehunyong’o ndeinoti suphuric, nitric, nyong’o (hydrochloric) nedzimwewo. Makare-kare simba rehunyong’o raitsanangudzwa richishandiswa mupimo unonzi *pH* scale unotangira pa 0 kusvika pa 14.

**Tsanangudzo**

Hunyong’o huri kubva panyong’o inoitika mudumbu memunhu  inowanzoita kana munhu aine bhabharasi. Nyong’o iyi inozivikanwa kunzi ihydrochloric acid. Nyong’o haifanirwe kufananidzwa nenhengo yemuviri inodaidzwa nezita rimwechetero rekuti nyong'o kana kuti pancreas pachirungu