open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ukoti

**Ukoti** kana **Uwongi** (Nge. *nursing*) kana futi **Chikoti** uye **Chiwongi** ibasa riri mukati mechikamu cheKuchengeteda Hutano rinonangana nekuchengeta vanhu, mhuri, uye nharaunda kuitira kuti vawane, kuchengetedza, kana kupora hutano hwakakwana uye mhando yehupenyu. Vanotorawo mabasa anokosha edzidzo, kuongorora mamiriro ezvinhu, setsigiro. Vakoti vanogona kusiyaniswa kubva kune vamwe vanopa hutano nenzira yavo yekutarisira murwere, kudzidziswa, uye chiyero chekudzidzira. Vakoti vanodzidzira mune zvakawanda zvehunyanzvi zvine mwero wakasiyana wemvumo yekuraira. Vakoti vanosanganisira chikamu chikuru chenzvimbo zhinji dzehutano; asi pane humbowo hwekushomeka kwepasi rose kwevanamukoti vanokwanisa. Vakoti vazhinji vanopa rubatsiro mukati mekurongeka kwavanachiremba, uye basa rechinyakare iri rakaumba chimiro cheveruzhinji chavakoti sevatarisiri. Vakoti vane dhigirii repamusoro pekudzidzira ukoti. Ivo zvakadaro vanotenderwa nematunhu mazhinji kuti vadzidzire vakazvimiririra mune dzakasiyana siyana. Kubva munguva yapashure pehondo, dzidzo yevakoti yave nemaitiro ekusiyana-siyana kune zvitupa zvepamusoro uye zvehunyanzvi, uye mizhinji yemitemo yechinyakare uye mabasa evanopa ari kuchinja.

Vakoti vanogadzira hurongwa hwekutarisira, vachishanda pamwe chete nevarapi, varapi, murwere, mhuri yemurwere, uye dzimwe nhengo dzechikwata dzinotarisa kurapa hurwere kuvandudza hupenyu. MuMubatanidzwa weUmambo ne Amerika, vakoti vemakiriniki nevarapi, vanoongorora zvinetso zvoutano uye vanopa mishonga yakarurama uye kumwe marapiro, zvichienderana nemirau yehurumende. Vakoti vanogona kubatsira kurongedza kuchengetwa kwevarwere kunoitwa nedzimwe nhengo dzeboka rehutano hwakasiyana-siyana sevanorapa, varapi, uye vanodya. Vakoti vanopa rubatsiro vari vaviri vachidyidzana, semuenzaniso, nevarapi, uye vakazvimiririra senyanzvi dzehukoti. Kunze kwekupa rubatsiro nerutsigiro, vakoti vanodzidzisa veruzhinji, kusimudzira hutano nekugara zvakanaka, uye vanoitira zvakanaka nzanga yedu nhasi.
Nyong'o

**Nyong'o** kana **Nyon'o** (Nge. *acid*) imorekyuri kana manonda inokwanisa kupa dararabari / purotoni (kureva nonda re Sikamadzi, H+), inozivikanwa senyong'o ye Brønsted-Lowry, kana kuumba Chisungo chegombedzwanwa (kureva *covalent bond*) nepeya re mhodzigetsi , inozivikanwa seNyong'o ye Lewis . 

## Kushandiswa kwe nyong'o
Nyong'o dzinoshandiswa mazuva ese dzinosanganisa:

* Vhiniga
* Nyong'o ye Ururu (*citric acid*) - shoko rokuti '''ururu''' ririkubva pazita rine zita rimwechete, mumimwe mitauro shoko rokuti ururu rinoreva kuvava.
* nyong’o yerutaritari (*tartaric acid*)
* nyong'o yerumadi (*malic acid*)
* nyong'o yerupfoli (*folic acid*) 
* nyong'o yerufumari (*fumaric acid*)
* nyong'o yerulakġita / rulaẋiti (*lactic acid*)

## Tsananguro
*Horokodzwa iyi inoda kuverengwa ne kugadziriswa:*

#### '''Chirevo'''
Nyong'o chinhu chinoshata muchimwe chirevo. Nyong'o iokusaidhi ye chimwe chinhu chichinyanya kuvanemvura, ino gadzirwa kubva kuokusaidhi yechinhu kana chimwewo chinoita (*litmuspaper*) kuti iva tsvuku. Mienzaniso ye nyong'o inosanganisa: nyong'o isafuri (*sulphuric acid*), nyong'o ihidhlokurori (*hydrochloric acid*), nyong'o ifhorumi (*formic acid*), nyong'o ye rw'azote (*nitric acid*), nyong'o ifosiforo (*phosphoric acid*) nemamwewo

#### '''Nyong'o ye Usafuri'''
sulphuric acid muZimbabwe inogadzirwa kuharare.Vanapisa element rinonzi sulphur.Sulphur rakabvira kuine mweya mukati inobuditsa sulphur trioxide.Trioxide means maOxygen matatu.Sulphur trioxide yakaiswa mumvura panobuda yatinoti sulphuric acid.Acid iye yakaiswa mumvura mvura Inotanga kuboiler.Pana uses eSulphuric acid enda sulphuric acid. acid iyi inopisa yakaiswa paganda nekuti panoitika chemical reaction .Sulphur dioxide igas rikwadza zvirimwa uye rinokonzera flue kuvanhu.Rinouraya zvirimwa nekuti zvirimwa zvinoda mvura kuti zviite green saka sulphur dioxide iya inoita chemical reaction nemvura ichikonzera plant acidfication.For mire sulphur dioxide.Zvinhu zvinesulphur mazviri zvinoti muti , marasha , mapuranga .Marasha ane oxygen , sulphur , nitrogen , phosphorus and carbon.

#### '''Nyong'o ihidhirokurori'''
hydrochoric acid ndeimwe acid inogadzirwa nemvura.Hydrochloric acid inogadzirwa nemvura nehydrogen chloride.Hydrogen chloride inogadzirwa kubva paelectrolysis yemvura nesodium chloride (munyu).Munyu kana kuti salt yakaiswa mumvura yinodissolver kana wakaiconnecter kuma getsi woisa tambo dziviri dzichibva kumagetsi inotakanga kukwata ichi buditsa hydrogen chloride.gas iri rakanangiswa mumvura rinoita hydrochloric acid

## Chibantu
Chitsonga chinoti: rimunywana kana asidi

## Mazwi ashandiswa

* manonda - *ions*
* morekyuri  - *molecule*
* dararabari - proton; "positive spark", positive charge
* sikamadzi - *hydrogen*

## Mabviro eruzivo
Munyairi sezita

**Munyairi** izita remhuri rinowanikwa muZimbabwe. 

*Vanhu vane zita iri: Caleb Munyairi; Anyway Munyairi.
*Mazwi ari pedyo: Nyaira.

## Mitauro yeBantu

Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeChiBantu, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. 

*Zigula inoti **kunyaira** (be absorbed totally in/with; to focus deeply).
*Zigula inoti **Sinyaira kusoma** (I'm deeply focused on studying). Mamwe mazwi: **Sinyaira (na) kulima** (I was totally absorbed (with) hoeing).
*Zigula inoti **kunyaira** (dry for/up on; dry in/with, use to dry).
Samaria

**Samaria** (Chihebheru: שֹׁומְרוֹן, *Šomron;* Chiarabhu: السامرة, *as-Sāmirah*) izita rekare, renhoroondo, remubhaibheri rinoshandiswa kudunhu repakati penyika ye Isiraeri, yakaganhurwa ne Yehudha (Vujudha) kuchamhembe neGarireya kumaodzanyemba. Munhoroondi wezanagore rokutanga Yosefa akagadza Bhahari re Medhiteraniya somuganhu waro kumadokero, uye Rwizi Jorodhani somuganhu warwo kumabvazuva.

Nharaunda yaro inowirirana zvikuru nemigove yeBhaibheri ye rusinga rwa Efuremu nechikamu chaManase chokumadokero; pashure porufu rwaSoromoni uye kukamukana kwoumambo hwake kuva Umambo we Judha  wekuchamhembe uye Umambo we Isiraeri wekumaodzanyemba, iyi nharaunda yaiumba rutivi rwokumaodzanyemba rwoUmambo hwaIsiraeri. Muganhu uri pakati peSamaria ne Vujudha wakaiswa parumbariro rwe Ramallah.

Zita rokuti "Samaria" rinobva kuguta rekare reSamaria, guta guru reUmambo hwekumaodzanyemba e Isiraeri. Zita rokuti Samaria sezvingabvira rakatanga kushandiswa nokuda kwoumambo hwose nguva pfupi pashure pokunge taundi reSamaria rava kepitau re Isiraeri, asi zvakagwarwa pokutanga mushure mekukundwa na Sarugi II weAsiria, uyo akachinja umambo kuva ruwa rwe Samerina.
Zande

Zande mutauro unowanikwa kuDemocratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, neSouth Sudan

## Mamwe Mashoko

*Zande inoti toni (small) kureva diki. 
*Zande inoti kuari (top). Fananidzai nokuti Mwari?
*Zande inoti dungu (many) kureva zhinji. Mamwe mazwi: kuru (adj. old).
*Zande inoti gumba (v. speak) kureva kutaura. 
*Zande inoti zamba (red) kureva tsvuku. Mamwe mazwi: sunge (n work).
*Zande inoti boro (n. person) kureva munhu. 
*Zande inoti sende (n. ground) kureva pasi. 
*Zande inoti vunga (v. beget) kureva kubereka. 
*Zande inoti mbata (formerly) kureva zvakambenge. 
*Zande inoti kumba (n. man) kureva murume. 
*Zande inoti mbara (n. elephant) kureva nzou. 
*Zande inoti mbaga (n. waterbuck). Mamwe mazwi: gangara (n. mountain).
*Zande inoti bara (male) kureva mukono. Mamwe mazwi: dunduko (all).
*Zande inoti bambo (n. house) kureva imba. Mamwe mazwi: pati (besides).
*Zande inoti wene (good) kureva kunaka. 
*Zande inoti bakere (big) kureva hombe. Mamwe mazwi: gizaza (n. bottle).
*Zande inoti mangu (n. container) kureva chibatiro. Mamwe mazwi: sende (n. ground).
*Zande inoti gude (n. boy) kureva mukomana. Mamwe mazwi: bibiri (black) - fananidzai nokuti kuvira kwezuva?
*Zande inoti ngua (n. tree) kureva muti. Mamwe mazwi: bambata (first).
*Zande inoti rukurumo (stump) kureva chigutsa. Mamwe mazwi: vura (side).
*Zande inoti limo (n. name) kureva zita. Mamwe mazwi: sungu (v. sit).

## Kududza Nzvimbo

*Zande inoti ku (prep. to, towards) kureva ku-. 
*Zande inoti ti (prep. at, on) kureva pa-. Sokuti: ti-se (n. body) kureva muviri.
*Zande inoti dagba (prep. between; space between two points) kureva pakati pe. Fananidzai nokuti nhahwamaringa?
*Zande inoti ri (prep. on; top, head) kureva pa-. Sokuti: ri-se (n. head) kureva musoro.  
*Zande inoti ngba (prep. in front of) kureva mberi kwe-. Sokuti: ngba-se (n. mouth, opening, end).
*Zande inoti gi (prep. behind) kureva kumashure. Sokuti: gi-se (back)
*Zande inoti bari (prep. over, above) kureva padenga. 
*Zande inoti vuru (prep. inside) kureva mukati. Sokuti: vu-se, vuru-se (n. stomach). Fananidzai nokuti hura.
*Zande inoti pa(ti) (prep. beside, around) kureva parutivi. Sokuti: pati (n. circumference).
*Zande inoti tii (prep. below, under). Mamwe mazwi: sa (prep. towards, against).
*Zande inoti da (prep. as far as) kureva dakara. Sokuti: da (arrive) kureva kusvika.
*Zande inoti rogo (prep. in, inside) kureva mukati. Sokuti: rogo-se (n. interior of the human body) kureva mumuviri. 
*Zande inoti auru (prep. on top; above) kureva pamusoro. Sokuti: auru (adj. top, upper part of something).

## Kwakawanikwa Mashoko
Majaka

Majaka izita remhuri rinowanikwa muZimbabwe, Botswana neZambia. 

*Vanhu vane zita iri: Amogelang Majaka; Tapiwa Majaka; Richard Majaka; Judith Majaka, Nachitumbi Majaka.

## Mitauro yeAfrika

Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeAfrika, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya.

*Kutuk inoti majaka (n. guinea worm).
Kupendha

**Kupendha** (Chingezi: *to paint, painting*) kushandisa mavara kugadzira mifananidzo yekuona. Iri zvakare izwi rekuti basa rakapendwa remifananidzo. Mhando dzakawanda dzependhi dzinoshandiswa kugadzira useza. Izvi zvinosanganisira *watercolors*, *acrylics* uye mafuta. Vamwe vasezi anoda kushanda nepenzura kana choko. Dzimwe nguva marasha anogona kushandiswa.

Pendi dzine mukurumbira dzinowanzo chengetwa mumakamuri emifananidzo, se Ghaleri re Dhidhizha (''national gallery'') muLandani uye Louvre (Phari) uko kwakaturikwa imwe yemifananidzo ine mukurumbira pasirose, iyo Mona Lisa, yakapendhwa na Leonardo da Vinci. Vanhu havafanirwe kuenda kune yakakurumbira ghaleri kuti vaone useza. Kune nzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mifananidzo dzakazvimiririra mumaguta akawanda pasirose.

Pane musiyano mukuru pakati pekutara nekupendha. Mukutara, chidimbu chimwe chete ndicho chifananidzo chose. Mukupendha, rimwe reya (*layer*) rinopendhwa pamusoro perimwe kuti riwane mufananidzo wekupedzisira. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kazhinji yenguva chifananidzo hachizove chakajeka kusvika chasvika padanho rekupedzisira. 

Pane nhanho ina dzakakosha pakupenda: kugadzirira, kupatsanura, reya, uye kubata.

# Kugadzirira: vazhinji vasezi vanogadzirira kgamvasi (*canvas*) kana imwe nzvimbo. Chifukidziro chakapfava yunifomu kana "kushambidza" yemuchena kana rumwe ruvara rwakaiswa pamusoro pese. Izvi zvinogona kubatsira mashure ekupedzisira kuti awane kugadzirisa kumwechete pamusoro pese. Zvakare, kugezwa kusingaonekwe kunogona kubatsira kudzokororwa kwechiedza kubva pamusoro, nekudaro kunatsiridza maitiro kune anoona. Kune nzvimbo dzisina kuenzana kana dzine mavara, dzakaita sehuni kana khamvasi dzakakasharara, chifukidziro chakakura chinodiwa. Iyo inonzi gheso (*gesso)*, yakajairika musanganiswa wechoko ne jeratini (*gelatin*), asi mazuva ano inowanikwa seukiriri (*acrylic*) jena ukobvu. Kupendha pane dzimwe nzvimbo kunoda unyanzvi hunokosha. Kupendha papurasita kunoshandisa nzira ye furesko (*fresco*).
# Muchikamu chekuparadzanisa, canvas yakakamurwa kuita zvishoma nzvimbo huru (zvichienderana nemufananidzo waunopenda), uye kumashure kwenzvimbo idzodzo dzakarongwa.
# Muchikamu chemutsetse, mutsara unorongwa pamusoro peimwe danga, kuti uwane chimiro chinodiwa munzvimbo imwe neimwe. Pakupera kwenhanho iyi, zvinhu zvese zviri mumufananidzo zvichange zvave kunyatsozivikanwa.
# Iyo touchup nhanho inoda kuwedzera kushanda. Iyi nhanho ndeyekupa tarisiro yekuwedzera kumufananidzo, senge chaiyo muganhu, kubatanidza maseru uye mamwe maitiro ekuona.

## Mamwe mapeji ekutarisa

* Pendhi 
* Useza
* Kutara
* Kuskecha
Makeba

**Makeba** izita remhuri uye rekupihwa rinowanikwa kuSouth Africa, Zambia neUnited States of America. 

*Vanhu vane zita iri: Miriam Makeba; Makeba Woods; Mirriam Makeba; Makeba Paul.

## Mitauro yeAfrika

Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeChiBantu, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya.

*Sangho vanoti kebe (n. axle; axis).
*Kutuk inoti keba (v. to work in wood;  to carpenter.).
Majora

**Majora** izita remhuri rinowanikwa kuSouth Africa, Zambia, neTanzania. 

*Vanhu vane zita iri: Munyaradzi Majora; Majora Luhui; Leen Majora; Martha Majora.

## Mitauro yeAfrika

Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeChiBantu, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya.

*Kutuk inoti jora (n. pond) kureva dziva.
Kurume 7

**Kurume 7** musi we matanhatunhanhatu (*66*) wegore (kana gore rechi67 mugore mucharikwa) mukarenda ya Gregori; Kwasara misi 299 kusvika pakupera kwegore.

* makumimatanhatu (60) tanhatu (6) - kana matanhatunhanhatu (kupfupisa)
Kurume 8

**Kurema 8** musi wegore we matanhatunomwe (kana wo we68 mugore remucharikwa) muKarenda ya Gregori; pasara misi 298 kusvika pakupera kwegore.

* Makumimatanhatu (60) nomwe (7) - matanhatunomwe (kupfupisa)
Kurume 9

**Kurume 9** musi wegore we matanhatusere (kana wechi 69mugore remucharikwa) muKarenda ya Gregori; pasara misi 297 kusvika pakupera pekwegore.

* Makumimatanhatu (60) sere (8) = matanhatusere (kupfupisa)
Kurume 10

**Kurume 10** musi wegore wematanhatupfumbamwe (kana musi wechi70 pagore remucharikwa) muKarenda ya Gregori; pasara misi 296 kusvika pakupera kwegore.

* makumimatanhatu (60) pfumbamwe (9) - matanhatupfumbamwe (kupfupisa)
Kurume 11

**Kurume 11** musi wegore wemanomwe (kana musi wechi71 pagore remucharikwa) muKarenda ya Gregori; pasara misi 295 kusvika pakupera kwegore.

* Makumi (10) manomwe (7s) - manomwe (kupfupisa)
Kurume 12

**Kurume 12** musi wegore manomwemodza (kana musi wechi72 pagore remucharikwa) muKarenda ya Gregori; pasara misi 294 kusvika pakupera kwegore.

* Makumimanomwe (70) modza (1) - manomwemodza (kupfupisa)
Kurume 13

**Kurume 13** musi wegore manomwembiri (kana musi wechi73 pagore remucharikwa) muKarenda ya Gregori; pasara misi 293 kusvika pakupera kwegore.

* Makumimanomwe (70) mbiri (2) - manomwembiri (kupfupisa)
Kurume 14

**Kurume 14** musi wegore makumimanomwenetatu (kana musi wechi74 pagore remucharikwa) muKarenda ya Gregori; pasara misi 292 kusvika pakupera kwegore.
Tanaka Chinyahara

**Tanaka Chinyahara** (akazvarwa 12 Gumiguru 1995) mutambi wenhabvu muZimbabwe anotambira chikwata chekuZambia Red Arrows, semutambi wepakati.

## Usevenzi mukirabhu
Chinyahara akapedza basa rake rekutanga aine CAPS United, Kaizer Chiefs neBidvest Wits.
Muna Chikunguru 2015, Chinayhara akatamira kuDanish kirabhu Hobro IK. Akaita ligi rake rekutanga kukirabhu musi wa18 Gumiguru 2015 mukukundwa 3-1 kure neFC Copenhagen. Akatsiviwa naMads Jessen muminiti yechi62.Muna Nyamavhuvhu 2016, akapihwa chikwereti kuDanish 2nd Division kirabhu Jammerbugt FC kwegore rose ra2016.

Musi wa7 Kurume 2019, Chinyahara akabatana nechikwata chekuSouth Africa Witbank Spurs. Muna Kukadzi 2020 aive mumwe wevatambi vatanhatu vakasaina kirabhu yekuZambia Red Arrows.

## Usevenzi paudhidhizha
Akashevedzwa nechikwata chenyika cheZimbabwe muna Gumiguru 2020.
Pendhi

**Pendhi** (Nge. *paint*) chigadzirwa chemvura chinoiswa pamusoro pezvinhu medonzvo rekunyerenyeta, neufambe we nguva pendhi inooma (kushanduka kubva kufezi ye mutuvi kuita godo) pamusoro pechinhu chinenge chapendhwa. Sechiito, ikupendha uye munhu anopendha anonzi mupendhi.

Kare pendhi yaigadzirwa ne bhesi ye huvara (''pigimende'').

Inowanzo shandiswa nemidziyo yakadai semabhurasho, marhola (''roller''), pfuti kana zvakananga nekunyudza.

## Mhando dze pendhi
Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana ependhi zvichienderana nekushandiswa. Semuyenzaniso, sezvinofananidzirwa nependhi uye vhanishi (*varnish*), kazhinji imvura uye inoomesa uye inonamatira nekuputika uye kuomeswa kweanonyungudutsa kugadzira firimu rekuputira pamusoro kuti rigadzirise uye kudzivirira kutaridzika kwechinhu. Neimwe nzira, ine yakaderera vhiskoti (*viscosity*), yakadai se steini yemafuta, inopinda mukati mezvinyorwa (munyaya iyi, rukuni), inodzivirira kuparara kwezvinhu pachayo, uye ine ruvara. Kune zvigadzirwa zvehunyanzvi zvezvinangwa zvakasiyana sezvivakwa, mastirakcha (*structures*), hambautare, mota dzakaita senjanji, ngarava, muchina wemagetsi, mapurodhakti esimbi, zvirimiso zvekurima nazvo, fenicha, matehwe, uye modhi.

KuJapani, mitemo yavo yakasiyana-siyana yezvigadzirwa zvezvigadzirwa zvezvigadzirwa zvemhando yemhando yemhando yemhando inotara kuti kunyora kunoitwa zvinoenderana nerudzi rwechikamu chikuru chekugadzira firimu rekukochekera, uye kunyanya, izvo zvine mafuta ekuomesa sechikamu chikuru anonyanya kupendhi ane mafuta uye *nitrocellulose*. Izvo zvinoshandiswa zvinofanira kunyorwa se lakieri (*lacquer*), avo vane rhezini (*resin*) yekugadzira sechinhu chikuru zvakanyorwa sependhi yakagadzirwa nependhi, uye avo vane shelaki (*shellac*) sechikamu chikuru zvakanyorwa sependhi inodhaka.

Munguva yakapfuura, yakawanda yepende yakasvibiswa ne masoruvhandi ari oganiki (*organic solvents*), asi munguva pfupi yapfuura, chikamu chependhi chinogona kuderedzwa nemvura mvura-based paints iri kuwedzera mukufungisisa kwezvakatipoteredza, hutano, nyore, nezvimwewo .. In kuwedzera, mapepa ehupfu , ayo ari mavara akaumbwa nechikamu chekugadzira ruvara uye chikamu chekugadzira firimu pasina kushandisa soruvhandi, akaonekwawo.

## Chikonzero chekushandiswa
**Kudzivirirwa kwezvinhu**

* Anticorrosion, antiseptic, antifungal, antproof, antifouling, waterproof, sterilizing, chemical resistance, fireproof

**[[Rufadzameso]] (''aesthetic'')**

* Kutsvedza, kupenya, kupenda, mapatani, magadzirirwo, kusikwa kwenzvimbo

**Wedzera kushanda**

* Heat shield, kudzivirira mvura, fluorescence, phosphorescence, camouflage, adsorption yezvinhu zvinokuvadza zvemakemikari.

## Mamwe mapeji ekutarisa

* Kupendha
* Soruvhandi (*solvent*)
* Mukando
* Ingi
* Huvara (*pigment*)
Mudzimu

**Mudzimu** (Nge. *spirit of family; ancestral spirits*) **midzimu** kana **vadzimu** pahuwandu zvinoreva shavi re mhuri ne hama dzakafa. Mutsika ye Vashona kuti munhu aitwe mudzimu kunobatwa seremoni re Kurova guva makore maviri apfuura kubva musi wakafa munhu, ndipo pano danwa shavi rake kujoinha vamwe vakafa vemhuri yacho. Vanhu vanotenda kuti kana munhu akasainvhaitwa piriyodhi ye nguva ichipo anoipedzisira aita chipo, ndipopaanozoita shavi rakashata, kana chipoko.

Muchikaranga chedu tinotenda zveNyikadzimu iyi ndiyo nyika igere Vadzimu parufu (munhu wese achazove mudzimu rimwe zuva, saka zvinoreva kuti Nyikadzimu ndiro "denga" rinotendwa mutsika yedu). Midzimu inodanwa nevanhu pavanoda rubatsiro sezvinoita Vakristu kudana Vasande.

* Mudzimu waive *Disembodied spirit* futi.

## Mitauro yeAfrica

*Chuabo vanoti muzimu (n. spirit).

## Tarisai futi

## Mabviro eruzivo
Maseremoni eVashona

Maseremoni kana Miito ye Vashona.
* Kurova guva - seremoni ye kuinvhaita shavi remhuri kana hama yakafa kuti idzoke kuvamwe vayo.
* Mukwerera - seremoni ye kuti kunaye
* Bira
* Kurova gata
* Muchato
* Kuripa Ngozi
* Kurasira Ngozi
Shavi

**Shavi** (nge. *spirit, wandering spirit; alien spirit*) kana **mweya wemutorwa,** pahuwandu anonzi **mashavi**. Pane zvitendo zviri pamusoro pemashavi.

# Chitendo chokutanga ndechekuti shavi harisi shavi re munhu anehukama newe, zvichireva kuti nderemunhu wekumwe rinenge richifama-famba rozowana munhu anoda kuritora nemoyo wose. Rinobetsera munhu wacho nezvaanodawo, kana kuti rinopa munhu iye hunhu hwaro. Senge shavi rekuyimba rinoita kuti munhu iyeye agone kuyimba zvokuti kunyangwe anga asingagoni mushure mekusangana naro. Shavi rekumwe ndiro "alien spirit" shavi rausina hukama naro.
# Chitendo chechipiri ndeckekuti shavi rinogona kuva nehukama newe kana kusava nehukama newe, senge shavi sekuru wako rinogona kukupinda. Kana riri shavi remunhu anehukama newe munhu wacho anogona kunge akafa kure asina kuitirwa seremoni ye kurova guva kuti aite mudzimu, kana kuti akamukira ngozi (iri rinenge ratova shavi rakasiyana). Shavi remhuri ndiro "wandering spirit", rinofamba-famba.
Pane furezi yeChishona inoti:**Muchenjere kupembedza [[ngozi]] muchiti [[mudzimu]].**

Zvireva kuti: *"*Be careful of venerating an avenging spirit thinking it's your ancestral spirit."

## Mhando dzemashavi
Pane mashavi akawanda zvokutoti haawerengeki, nekuti chimwe ne chimwe chine shavi racho, shavi zvinoreva futi kungoti "spirit", kunyangwe rakanaka kana rakashata, shavi ishavi. 

### Udorongodzwa hudoko

# Shavi rekuvhima - iri rinonzi wo '''hombarume''' 
# Shavi rerudo 
# Shavi rehutsinye 
# Shavi rekudzana 
# Shavi rekuba
# Shavi rekuroya
# Shavi rekunyora
# Shavi reupi 
# Shavi rekumhanya 
# Shavi rekushava
# Shavi rekuvaka, zvakangodaro zvichienderera mberi.
# Shavi rehupombwe
Udorongodzwa hwe mashoko eChishona akabva kuChiswahiri

## Bh

* Bhahari - rakabva pashoko rokuti *Bahari*, uye Vaswahiri vakaritorawo kubva kuChiarabhu. Shoko iri raishandiswa kudhara kazhinji, rinotsauranisa gungwa (*ocean*) ne bhahari *(sea)*.

## Ch

* Chuma

## D

* Dausi - kureva pikoko

## E

* enewo; enevo kureva *teritori.* tarisai futi *wenewo* kana *venevo*.

## M

* Mari - kureva mbong'o, shagi, mashereni
* Miriki - kureva propati (*property*) - rinonyanyo shandiswa muSainzi.
* musherisheri - kureva *breadfruit*, rakabva pashoko rokuti *mshelisheli*.

## N

* Neno - kureva kuti shoko kana izwi, shoko iri rinowanzo shandiswa.  
* Ndimu - kureva Dhimu (lemoni)
* Ngamera - kureva nghamera kana futi *gamera*.
* Ngarava - rakabva pashoko rokuti *galawa*, Vaswahiri vakatorawo shoko iri kubva kuChiarabhu.
* Nyundo 

## R

* Rhangi - kureva chroma; chrome rakabva pa chirevo cheshoko rokuti *rangi*.

## S

* Sokwe - kureva chinonzi *Chimpanzi* muChishongrish.

## U

* Unga - kureva *gunpowder*.
* **Uzima** - tarisai vuzima.
* **umarika; umalika** - kureva *mornachy* kubva pa *malika.*. Asi shoko ringa shandiswa iuvumambo (reChishona).

## V

* Vuzima, uzima, - kureva *existence*
* **viraya** - tarisai futi wiraya kureva kuti "district"

## W

* wiraya kana viraya, kureva "district"

## Mabviro eruzivo
Chifemo

**Chifemo** (Nge. *breath*) kana **femo** uye pahuwandu **mafemo**.

## Tarisai futi

* Shavi
* Mweya
* Hwewa
* Moyo
* *Soul*
Mhondoro

**Mhondoro** (nge. Spirit; spiritual messenger) yakafanana ne Shavi, ndidzo dzaive ngirozi dzeChishona shoko rokuti ngirozi risati raunzwa ne Vazungu. 

Homwe yaive host of a spirit, kureva musvikirwa aipindwa ne Mhondoro kana Shavi - kana chinonzi ne Vakristu "ngirozi". Asi kuChihebheru ne Chiarabhu ngirozi haiko, chinonzi ngirozi ne Vazungu, munyai (*messenger*) kuVajudha ne Vaarabhu, kuChishona ndidzo mhondoro ne shavi, vanyai (*messengers*).

### Mubhaibheri
Murhipota wekuPatriot akanyora achiti:The statement below, namely: *“The angel Gabriel and the Christ of God, the Lord of hosts…,’ is translated as such in the Shona Bible: “Ngirozi yaGabriel naKristu waMwari, Jehovah wehondo.”*

This is totally dissociated from Shona and applies foreign words for things we already had words for prior to the coming of whites.

The proper way to translate the above is: “Mhondoro Gabriel, nemuzodzwa waMwari, Ishe wehomwe.”

**Chirevo** 

Mhondoro Gabhurieri, nemuzodzwa waMwari, Ishe wehomwe =  *Spirit Gabriel and the anointer of God, the lord of hosts.*

## Mamwe mapeji ekutarisa

* Kuzodza (to anoint), 
** muzodzi (anointer), 
*** muzodzwa (anointed)
* Mweya
* Svikiro - svikiro dzinonzi "spirit mediums" asi pachokwadi ndiwo maporofita, ma pristi, ne vashe, asi mashoko eChishona haana kushandiswa mukunyorwa kweBhaibheri, takapuhwa mashoko eChingezi, tsika dzedu dzikaitwa sedzeuroyi. Asi pakuongorora, zvinoitwa na Mapristi ndizvo zvinoitwa ne svikiro, Maporofita ne Mapuristi vanoti vanonzwa kubva kuna Mwari uye Vakatholiki vanotoendera mberi kusvika pakutoti vatungamiri vavo, mazwi avanotaura akakosha seaMwari, uye nekuti vanotaurira Mwari. Pamusoro pezvo vanhu veChikatholiki vanonamata Vasande na Mai Maria, asi kuChivanhu kuna Mwari mumwechete, svikiro ("priests, prophets"; mediums) dzinonzwa kubva kuna Mwari dzoudza vanhu. Zvakafanana nezvakaitwa na Mhoze muMavambo (genesisi). Mwari vakuya futi kuna Abhurahama se mhondoro (ngirozi) tatu muna Mavambo. 
** Homwe
** Gombwe
* Murungu

## Mabviro eruzivo

## Zvîsikwà zvē Udzímu

**Mhondoro** Chisikwa che udzimu che VaShona chi no wanikwa mu ngano ne muzvinambiri. Mhondoro chisikwa chine muviri we Shumba, mapapiro e Gondo, uye nyanga dzaka koswa dzinenge dze nondo hono. Chisikwa ichi chi no ratidza simba, uchenjeri, chengetedzo, uye ndicho chisikwa chi no kudzwa pamusoro pezvisikwa zvose. Kuti hukuru wacho, huri pasi pa Mwari Mukurukuru, **Mwari Musikavanhu** Mwari Musikavanhu Mwari, Musikavanhu
Nyadenga

**Nyadenga** (Nge. The One above; The One who is above all) irimwe zita rinopuhwa mumitauro ye Chivanhu. Mamwe mazita angati Mwari Mutangakugara, Samasimbaose, Musikavanhu, Musikazvose, Muvumbi, Muvumbapasi ne mamwe mazita wo. 

Pamusoro pezvo Mwari Vanodanwa nezvidao zvokuti: Sororezhou uye Dzivaguru. 

Dzivaguru rinogona kungerakapuhwa kutodza nyaya yokuti Mwari vanonzi Dziva kana rwizi roupenyu, ndivo Dziva rinozadza dzimwe nzizi uye ndivo sosi yezvose.

## Tarisai futi

* Mwari
* Musikavanhu
* Yave

## Mabviro eruzivo
Lewis Howard Latimer

**Lewis Howard Latimer** (4 Gunyana 1848 – 11 Mbudzi 1928) aive muimventa uye mudhirafutimeni (*draftsman*) weku Afurika-Amerika.

## Uhwana
Mhuri yaLatimer yakanga iri varanda apo mushumiri womunzvimbomo akavatungamirira kurusununguko. Paaiva nemakore 16 Latimer akanyepa nezvezera rake kuti apinde muNevhi ye Amerika.

## Upenyu muUkurumbira
Latimer akatanga kushanda kuCrosby and Gould, femu yemutemo patent. Akadzidza kudhirowa madhayagiramu. Ndichiri kukambani yezvemitemo, Latimer akagadzira imba yekugezera yechitima yakagadziridzwa uye yekutanga air conditioning unit. Gare gare, Latimer akabatsira Alexander Graham Bell nekudhirowa madhayagiramu epatent yake yefoni yekutanga. Latimer akabatsirawo Thomas Edison nemvumo yake yegirobhu remwenje, uye akagadzira nzira iri nani yekugadzira kabhoni filaments yemagirobhu emwenje.

## Rufu
Latimer akafa muna Zvita 11, 1928 muFlushing Queens, New York aine makore makumi masere.

## Mabviro eruzivo
http://www.biography.com/people/lewis-howard-latimer-9374422
Kupfuma (tsauranisa chirevo)

**Kupfuma, KUPFUMA** kana **kupfuma** ishoko rinoshandiswa kureva zviri pazasi:

* Kupfuma - kureva futi kusona.
* Kupfuma - kureva kuva ne upfumi, kuva ne mari yakawanda kana kuwanezvose zvanoda muupenyu senge mufaro, kana mudikanwi wako.

## Tarisai futi

* Mutungi kana Mutungi (*designer*)
* Musoni (*tailor*)
* Mupfumiri kana mufumiri (*seamstress*) - kubva pa kupfuma
Nubhia

**Nubhia** kan **Nubhiya** (Chinobhiini: *Nobin;* Chiarabhu*: النُوبَة, an-Nūba*) **Nawuabhu** kana **Nawuabhiya** inzvimbo ye muAfurika iri kumaodzanyemba kuruwa riri kudhuze neRwizi rwe Nairi muIjipita (kumaodzanyemba kwe Aswani) ne Sudhani ( kuchamhembe kwe Kharitoumi). Yaimbozivikanwa seKushi uye kunyange Itopiya.

Munhoroondo yose yave iri nzvimbo ye umambo hwakasiyana-siyana, uye humambo hwe Kushi ne Meroe hwakanga huri hukurusa hwahwo.

Kubva kare maManubhiya vaive vavakidzani veIjipita Yekare kumaodzanyemba. Paiva nenguva apo Ijipita yaitonga nzvimbo huru dzeNubhia, pamwe chete nenguva apo Ijipita yekare yaikwikwidzana nevavakidzani vayo nokuda kwehondo .

Kubva pamadziro ekupenda mumakuva eIjipita zvinoita sekuti maNubhia vaive vatema vemuAfurika. Hondo yekare ye Ijipita\\ yaive nemauto eNubhia aigara. Kubva pamifananidzo iyi zvinoita sekunge kune akati wandei Mafarao eIjipitia (madzimambo).

Muna 700 BC maNubhia akapinda nechisimba ndokukunda Ijipita uye madzimambo avo akatonga humambo hwe Ijipita sedzinza rechimakumi maviri neshanu kusvika vadzingwa muIjipita nechisimba cheAsiriya.

Kubva 600 BC Nubhia yakawana epicenter yayo yekumaodzanyemba muLendiskepu ye Meroe.

Marhoma ekare akatonga Ijipita mushure maJulius Caesar vakarwazve kakawanda ne Manubhia.

Bhaibheri rinotaura nezvomukuru mukuru wokuItiopiya somushumiri wa “Mambokadzi we Itopiya” uyo akashanyira Jerusarema ndokuva muKristu man'wadhi raMabasa ganhuro 8.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti kubva muzana ramakore rechitanhatu AD Nubhia yaive nyika ye Ukristu. Humambo hwechiKristu hwakaenderera mberi nehondo uye Maarabhu akapinda nechisimba ndokukunda Ijipita muzana ramakore rechinomwe.

Kashoma nekashoma Uyisalama wakatanga kupararira pamwe chete nevapambi vechiArabhu uye humambo hwekupedzisira hwe Ukristu muNubhia hwakatorwa ne Vayisalama muna 1504.

Zvishoma nezvishoma vazhinji vevaNubhia vakasiya mutauro wavo uye vakashandisa Chiarabhu asi kune nzvimbo dzinotaurwa Chinubhia chanhasi.

Vakarambawo vachisiya Ukristu uye vachitendeukira kuUyisalama (maitiro akapera muzanagore rechi19).

Parizvino kune hondo huru mudunhu reNubhia pakati pe Maarabhu nevagari venzvimbo iyi. Maarabhu anoda kunyima Manubhia mugove wavo. Chii chave chiri chikonzero chehondo kwemakore nemakore sezvo Manubhia akarwira nharaunda yavo.
Kitule

Kitule kana Tula mutauro unowanikwa kuNigeria kuGombe State. Kitule mutauro uri muboka reMitauro yeSavhana.

## Mazwi Anotodza Bantu

*Tula inoti dum (v. bite) kureva kuruma. Mamwe mazwi: 
*Tula inoti bwə̀mbè (n. antelope) kureva mhembwe. Mamwe mazwi: 
*Tula inoti bwele (n. youth). Fananidzai nokuti pwere?

## Mamwe Mashoko

*Tula inoti kar (n. headpad) kureva hata. 
*Tula inoti  feer (v. to stretch out, expand) kureva kutambanuka. Mamwe mazwi: 
*Tula inoti kuu (n. farm) kureva purazi. Mamwe mazwi: ku (v. to flay, to skin) kureva kuvhiya.
*Tula inoti kun kana **báŋ** (n. mountain) kureva gomo.
*Tula inoti fèbu (all) kureva ose. Ko panoti kupfeva? Mamwe mazwi:  fwɛ̀bʊ (quickly, rapidly, soon).
*Tula inoti kada (n. dog) kureva imbwa. Mamwe mazwi:  kwada (n. stool, excrement, faeces, dung, manure).
*Tula inoti ma (v. to do) kureva kuita. Mamwe mazwi: mwa (v. to inform).
*Tula inoti sàr (v. to clear land for farming) kureva kutema muti kuita munda.  
*Tula inoti ya (v. to go) kureva kuenda. Mamwe mazwi: fùmbà (n. poor quality crops reserved for later in the season)
*Tula inoti aram (never) kureva haisva?. Mamwe mazwi: kwi (clear iquid on beer).
*Tula inoti bwaram (n. tiredness) kureva kuneta. Mamwe mazwi: bewure (n. finger) kureva munwe.
*Tula inoti dur (n. head) kureva musoro. Mamwe mazwi: dire (n. hedgehog).
*Tula inoti bura (n. corner, angle of an object) kureva kona yechinhu. Mamwe mazwi: fura (n. corner of the house).
*Tula inoti din (n. name) kureva zita. Mamwe mazwi: sele (n. elder) kureva munhu mukuru.
*Tula inoti tuke (n. grandfather) kureva sekuru. 
*Tula inoti wubare (n. wild animals) kureva mhuka dzesango. Mamwe mazwi: 
*Tula inoti dinur (n. laughter) kureva kuseka. 
*Tula inoti k (n. ) kureva . Mamwe mazwi:
Senga, Gweru

**Senga** izita remusha unowanikwa kuGweru muZimbabwe.

## Mitauro yeBantu

Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mime mitauro yeChiBantu, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. Chinangwa ndechekutsvaga zvinoreva mazita, zvikurusei kana mazita aya asisiri kutaurwa mumutauro wemazuva ano.

*MaZulu vanoti **senga** kana **okusenga** (to milk a cow) apa kureva kukama mombe. Nsenga vanoti **senga** (beg, be a beggar).
*VaYao vanoti **chisenga** (a curved knife or hook) kureva banga rakakombama. Luwanga vanoti **okhushenga** (v. cut) kureva kucheka.
*VaYao vanoti **lusenga** kana **senga** (dregs; the straining of beer) kureva masese. Mamwe mazwi: **senga** (coarse grains of flour) kureva rumanzwa muhupfu.
*VaHerero vanoti **senga** (curse) apa kureva kutuka nehuroyi. VaHerero vanoti **okusenga** kana **okutukana** (accursed; to be bewitched) apa kureva kutuka nehuroyi.
Malonda

Malonda izita remhuri muMalawi, Angola neCongo, Kinshasa. 

*Vanhu vane zita iri: Jose Malonda: Simon Malonda; Joao Malonda; Chrispin Malonda.

## Mitauro yeBantu

Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeChiBantu, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. Chinangwa ndechekutsvaga zvinoreva mazita, zvikurusei kana mazita aya asisiri kutaurwa mumutauro wemazuva ano.

*Yao inoti maronda kana malonda (n. business, trade goods; barter). Senga inoti malonda (n. business).
*Nyanja inoti malonda (n. merchandise; trade goods). Mang'anja vanoti kulonda (barter goods).
*Makua inoti maronda (trade) vachireva kutengeserana. VaMambwe vanoti ulonsi (commerce, or work at a good salary far away).
*Chuabo inoti marondda kana malrondda (trading, business) kureva kutengeserana kana mubisho.
*Maconde inoti malonda (n. dialogue between the elders).
Chinobhiini

**Chinobhiini** (Nobiin, Mahas) kana futi **Chimahasi** mutauro wekuMaodzanyemba eNubhia wemhuri ye mutauro weNilo-Sahara. "Chinobhiini" ndiyo ndiyo mhando yekuperetera *Nòbíí* ("Chinubhia") uye zvichireva kuti "(mutauro) weVanubhia". Rimwe izwi rinoshandiswa ndi Chinobhi Tameni, zvinoreva kuti "mutauro weChinubhia".

Anosvika makore 2500 apfuura, vatauri vekutanga vechiNubhia vakatamira mumupata weNairi kubva kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero. Chinubhia cheKare inofungidzirwa kuve madzitateguru eChinobhiini. Chinobhiini mutauro wemanzwi une mavhawero akasiyana uye kureba kwezviwumbe. Murongerwo wemazwi enoendera sezvo: msorowenyaya-chinhu-chiito.

Chinobhiini parizvino unotaurwa kumahombekombe eNairi kuUzuru kwe Ijipita uye kuchamhembe kweSudhani nevanhu 610,000 weVanubhia. Vatauri vemazuva ano veChinobhiini vangangoita mitauro yakawanda mumarudzi emuno eChiarabhu, kazhinji vachitaura Chistandadhi Arabhu chanhasi (nezvinangwa zvepamutemo) pamwe ne Chiarabhu cheChisaʽidhi kana Chiarabhu cheSudhani. Vanubhia vazhinji vaitaura Chinobhiini vakamanikidzwa kutama muna 1963-1964 kuti vawane nzvimbo yekuvakwa kweDhamu re Aswani kuAswani, Ijipita uye nepamusoro peNyanza Naseri.

Iko hakuna yakamisikidzwa Taraoroto (*orthography*) ye Chinobhiini. Yakanyorwa muzvinyorwa zvose zveChiratini ne Chiarabhu; zvakare, munguva pfupi yapfuura kwave nekuedza kumutsidzira iyo bumbiro remabhi eChinubhia cheKare. Ichi chinyorwa chinotora manyorerwo eChiratini anoshandiswa mududziramutauro rakaburitswa reChinobhiini, Roland Werner's (1987) *Grammatik des Nobiin.*

## Bumbiro reMabhi
Zvichangoburwa zvinyorwa zvedzidzo zvinoshandisa kudzidzisa nekushandisa kweBumbiro reMabhi eChinubhia.

## Mapeji ekutarisa

* Chinobhiini cheKare
Mitauro ye Chinubhia

**Mitauro ye Chinubhia** (Chiarabhu: لُغَات نُوبِية, *lughāt nūbiyyah*) iboka remitauro ine hukama inotaurwa ne Vanubhia. Ivo vanoumba bazi remitauro ye Chisudhani chekuMabvazuva, inova chikamu cheyakafara faramu re Chinilo-Sahara. Pakutanga, mitauro ye Nubhia yaitaurwa munzvimbo zhinji dzeSudhani, asi nekuda kweKuarabhwa (*Arabization)* nhasi yanyanya kuganhurwa kuMupata waNairi pakati peAswani (kumaodzanyemba kweIjipita) neAl Dabba pamwe nemisha iri muMakomo eNubha neDarfur.
Kakwa

Kakwa mutauro weVaKakwa unowanikwa muUganda, Democratic Republic of the Congo, neSouth Sudan. Kakwa hausi mutauro weBantu, asi mutauro weNilote.

## Mamwe Mashoko

*Kakwa inoti bolo kana bholo (n. porridge) kureva bota.
*Kakwa inoti bala (bald headed) kureva muparavara.
*Kakwa inoti bala kana bhala (n. salt) kureva munyu.
*Kakwa inoti tora (v. to bear fruit) kureva kubereka muchero.
*Kakwa inoti nyari (love) kureva kuda.
*Kakwa inoti ŋun (n. God) kureva Mwari.
*Kakwa inoti kima (n. fire) kureva moto.
*Kakwa inoti roro (n. information, message, voice, throat) kureva mashoko kana huro.
*Kakwa inoti uti (v. to go) kureva kuenda.
*Kakwa inoti kaakutu (n. door) kureva gonhi.
*Kakwa inoti piyo (n. water) kureva mvura.
*Kakwa inoti nyir (n. pangolin) kureva haka.
*Kakwa inoti miru (v. to imitate) kureva kuteedzera.
*Kakwa inoti meja (n. table) kureva tafura.
*Kakwa inoti koŋo (n. face) kureva kumeso.
*Kakwa inoti noka (n. wife) kureva mukadzi wa.
*Kakwa inoti noka (v. to burn) kureva kubvira.
*Kakwa inoti kakwa (n. thorn) kureva munzwa.
*Kakwa inoti konye (n. eyes) kureva maziso.
*Kakwa inoti rumbo (to ripen) kureva kuyibva.
*Kakwa inoti ndindi (n. a sweet smell) kureva munhuwi unozipa.
*Kakwa inoti nderi (n. a bad smell) kureva munhuwi wakashata.
*Kakwa inoti ngari (something seen prominently) kureva chinhu chinoonekwa pachena?.
*Kakwa inoti njuwaa (n. a feeling of pain which gradually gets deeper) kureva .
*Kakwa inoti gbanda (n. cassava) kureva mufarinya.
*Kakwa inoti mŋuwa (n. a nasty smell) kureva munhuwi wakashata.
*Kakwa inoti kine (n. goat) kureva mbudzi.
*Kakwa inoti duma (big) kureva hombe. Mamwe mazwi: dudu (bigger). Dududu (biggest).
*Kakwa inoti kalamulo  (n. pen) kureva penzura.
*Kakwa inoti kolo (n. sun) kureva zuva.
*Kakwa inoti piri (n. place, location) kureva nzvimbo.
*Kakwa inoti logo (hard) kureva hukukutu.
*Kakwa inoti kuwa (v. biting, be bitten) kureva kurumwa.
*Kakwa inoti ŋʊ́tʊ́  (n. person, human being) kureva munhu.
*Kakwa inoti maku (n. potatoes) kureva mbatata.
*Kakwa inoti sara (v. announcement, pronouncement) kureva kuzivisa.
*Kakwa inoti mora (v. to unite, reconcile, unity, reconciliation) kureva kuyanana.
*Kakwa inoti gugu (n. granary) kureva dura.
*Kakwa inoti giri (all) kureva ose.
*Kakwa inoti kuru (worms, germs) kureva makonye.
*Kakwa inoti kutu (n. mouth, language) kureva muromo kana mutauro.
*Kakwa inoti toro (n. sin, mistake) kureva chitadzo.
*Kakwa inoti mali (to be crazy; mental problem) kureva kupenga.
*Kakwa inoti toto (equal) kureva kuenzana.
*Kakwa inoti ngulupi (whole, intact) kureva mhumburu. Mamwe mazwi: ndulu (n. whole, complete).
*Kakwa inoti woro (movement, walking, locomotion) kureva kufamba.
*Kakwa inoti nuwa (n. shrinkage in volume or quantity) kureva kuziyama.
*Kakwa inoti nenga (inclined, slope, tilted) kureva kutsveyama.
*Kakwa inoti juru, njuru, nzuru (v. jeering) kureva kusveeredza.
*Kakwa inoti ŋérâ (cutting, be cut) kureva kucheka.
Laro

Laro, Yilaro kana Laru mutauro unowanikwa kuSudan.

## Mamwe Mashoko

*Laro inoti ari (v. to act) kureva kuita.
*Laro inoti dari (n. tree) kureva muti.
*Laro inoti duru (n. dung of animal) kureva ndove.
*Laro inoti guri (n. farm) kureva purazi.
*Laro inoti ŋaŋa  (v. to rub) kureva kukwiza.
*Laro inoti gola (n. livestock) kureva zvipfuyo.
*Laro inoti guwa (n. root) kureva mudzi.
*Laro inoti ma (v. to pile) kureva kuita murwi.
*Laro inoti uri (v. to collect) kureva kuunga.
*Laro inoti dɛdɛ (v. to cut) kureva kucheka.
*Laro inoti orta (v. to praise) kureva kurumbidza.
*Laro inoti ŋàlá (v. to open up) kureva kuzaruka.
*Laro inoti gora (n. foot) kureva tsoka.
Fur

Fur mutauro unowaikwa kuSudan unotaurwa nerudzi rweFur kudunhu reDarfur.

*Fur inoti ume (n. fog, mist) kureva mhute.
*Fur inoti duo (n. person) kureva munhu.
*Fur inoti tɔŋ  (n. an old house) kureva imba tsaru. Fananidzai nokuti dongo.
*Fur inoti sikka (sharp) kureva rakapinza.
*Fur inoti kurra (tall) kureva refu.
*Fur inoti appa (big) kureva hombe.
*Fur inoti kwede (n. boy) kureva mukomana.
*Fur inoti jitti (ugly) kureva kushata.
*Fur inoti utu (n. fire) kureva moto.
*Fur inoti ngora (n. hill) kureva chikomo.
*Fur inoti tong (n. house) kureva imba.
*Fur inoti doonga (hard) kureva hukukutu.
*Fur inoti dua (n. eagle) kureva chapungu.
*Fur inoti dua (n. headpad) kureva hata.
*Fur inoti dei (n. ant) kureva svosve.
*Fur inoti puro (n. beard) kureva ndebvu.
*Fur inoti ari (n. forehead) kureva huma. Mamwe mazwi: ari (thing) kureva chinhu.
*Fur inoti roo (n. well) kureva tsime.
*Fur inoti koro (n. water) kureva mvura.
*Fur inoti kirro (green) kureva grin.
*Fur inoti duwo (n. man) kureva murume.
*Fur inoti uri (n. desert) kureva gwenga.
*Fur inoti diya (n. bird) kureva shiri.
*Fur inoti pukka (red) kureva tsvuku.
*Fur inoti jitti (v. hate) kureva kuvenga.
Kayeruza

Kayeruza izita remhuri rinowanikwa muZimbabwe. 

*Vanhu vane zita iri: Alpha Kayeruza; Nyasha Kayeruza; Taurai Kayeruza; James Kayeruza.
*Mazita ari pedyo: Muyeruza, Kayera, Kaela, Mayere, Chiera, Rwere, Mayera, Kuyere, Mwayera, Mayeresa.

## Mitauro yeAfrika

Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeAfrica, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. 

*Nyanja inoti **kuyera** (of whiteness, cleanliness, brightness, clearness, purity, holiness) kureva kuchena. Mamwe mazwi: kuera (to be white or light) kureva kuchena. 
*Zigula inoti **kuelusa** (to converse or watch at night time). Takwane inoti **weela** (v. be white). **Yoweela** (adj. white). 
*Lugwere vanoti **bweru** (1. whiteness, 2. transparency, honesty, intergrity) kureva huchena. Herero vanoti **oku-yerisa** (v. to glorify, exalt). 
*Kidawida inoti **kuela** (v. to be light) kureva kuyedza kwezuva. Mamwe mazwi: **kuelesa** (to purify) kureva kuchenesa. Kagulu inoti **numba yera** (clean house), imba yakachena.
Mudhudhudhu

**Mudhudhudhu** (Nge: *motorcycle; *'trike**'' kana ine mavhiri matatu) unonzi futi **motabhaiki** kana **bhaiki,*' i[[mota]] ine mavhiri maviri kana matatu. Dhizaini yemudhudhudhu inosiyana zvakanyanya kuti ienderane nemhando yezvinangwa zvakasiyana: kufamba nzendo refu, kuenda chero kunoda kuendwa, kufamba ne[[chikepe]], [[Spoti|maspoti]] (kusanganisira [[mijaho]]), uye kukwira kunze kwemugwagwa. [[Kuchovha mudhudhudhu]] ndiko kutyairwa kwemhando ye mota iyi, uye mazwi aya anoshandiswa futi pa maektivhiti ari ezvepanze sekujoinha kirabhu yemudhudhudhu uye kuenda kumisangano evadhudhudhu.

ge of different purposes: long-distance travel, commuting, cruising, sport (including racing), and off-road ridin

[[Daimler Reitwagen]] yakagadzirwa muna [[1885]] na [[Gottlieb Daimler]] na [[Wilhelm Maybach]] mu[[Germany|Jerumani]] ndiyo yaiva yekutanga kupisa mukati (*internal combustion*), mudhudhudhu inoshandisa [[peturu]] pakufamba. Muna [[1894]], [[Hildebrand & Wolfmüller]] vakave vekutanga kugadzira mudhudhudhu.

Pasirose, midhudhudhu inofananidzwa kufarirwa kumota senzira yekufambisa. Muna [[2021]], midhudhudhu mitsva inosvika 58.6 miriyoni yakatengeswa pasirose. Izvi zvishoma pane [[hambautare]] 66.7 miriyoni dzakatengeswa munguva imwe cheteyo.

Muna [[2014]], vagadziri vatatu vepamusoro midhudhudhu pasi rose nehuwandu hwaive [[Honda]] (28%), [[Yamaha]] (17%) (vose kubva ku[[Japan|Japani]]), uye [[Hero MotoCorp]] ([[India]]). Munyika dzichiri kusimukira, midhudhudhu inoonekwa sekushandisa nekuda kwemitengo yakaderera uye [[banganhundu re peturu]]. Pamidhudhudhu yese iri pasirese, 58% ari muEzhiya-Pasifiki uye Maodzanyemba ne marhijoni ekuMabvazuva eEzhiya, kusingasanganisire nyaisamotapakati (*mota-centric*) Japani.

Maererano ne[[Dhipatimende Rezvokufambisa reAmerika]], nhamba ye[[Nzufu|nzufu (*fatalities*)]] pakiromita imwe neimwe yakafamba yakanga yakakwira neka 37 pamudhudhudhu pane hambautare.

== Mazwi ashandiswa ==

* [[Banganhundu]] - *economy*
* [[Peturu]], fweri; fueri - *fuel''
Chiera

**Chiera** kana **[[Chiyera]]** izita remhuri rinowanikwa muKenya. 

*Vanhu vane zita iri: Esther Chiera; Chiera Waithaka; Monique Chiera, Chiyera Williams.
*Mazita ari pedyo: Muyeruza, Kayera, Kayeruza, Mayere, Rwere, Mayera, Kuyere, Mwayera, Kaela, Mayeresa.

## Mitauro ye Afrika

Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeAfrica, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. 

*Nyanja inoti **kuyera** (of whiteness, cleanliness, brightness, clearness, purity, holiness) kureva kuchena. 
*Nyanja inoti kuera (to be white or light) kureva kuchena. Luganda vanoti eru (adj. plain, clear; transparent; limpid).
*Nyakyusa inoti **unkasi umwelu** kureva mukadzi muchena. VaTakwane vanoti **weela** (v. be white). **Yoweela** (adj. white).
*Herero vanoti yera (to shine, be bright). Mamwe mazwi: oku-yere (n. open plain as opposed to dark bushy parts). 
*Herero vanoti **oku-yerisa** (v. to glorify, exalt). Kagulu inoti **numba yera** (clean house), imba yakachena.
*Taita inoti **kuela** (v. to be light) kureva kuyedza kwezuva. Mamwe mazwi: **kuelesa** (to purify) kureva kuchenesa.
Maonga

Maonga izita remhuri rinowanikwa muZimbabwe, Malawi, Tanzania neKenya. 

*Vanhu vane zita iri: Phanice Maonga; Beston Maonga; Ruth Maonga; Mitchel Maonga.

## Mitauro yeAfrika

Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeAfrica, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. 

*Herero inoti onga, vonga (v. gather). Mamwe mazwi: oma-ongero (n. gathering) kureva gungano.
Rusero sezita

Rusero izita remhuri rinowanikwa muZimbabwe. 

*Vanhu vane zita iri: Tsitsi Rusero; Tinashe Rusero; Jane Rusero; Getrude Rusero.
*Zvinyorwa zviri pedyo: Rusero, Chisero.

## Mitauro yeAfrika

Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeAfrica, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. 

*Lozi inoti **liselo** kana **maselo** (n. winnowing basket) zvichireva rusero. Luwanga vanoti **okhuseretsa** (v. winnow) kureva kusera.
*Nyungwe inoti **cisero** (basket used for winnowing grain) kureva rusero. Venda inoti **tselo** kureva rusero.
*Herero inoti serura (v. to make level, to make straight, plain, make smooth). Mamwe mazwi: seruka (v. to be level, to be even).
Marinda

Guva, bvumba kana rinda inzvimbo yakavigwa mutumbi wemunhu akafa. Tsika zhinji Pasirose vanotevedza yekucherera chitunha pasi pevhu kana munhu achinge afa.

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Herero inoti okupakua (n. burial in grave) kureva kuviga chitunha. Mamwe mazwi: omapakero (n. place to bury; preparation to bury).
*Sangho vanoti linda (v. penetrate; enter; entry).
Mukonge

Mukonge izita remhuri rinowanikwa kuUganda. 

*Vanhu vane zita iri: Olive Mukonge; Eric Mukonge; Jimmy Mukonge.
*Mazita ari pedyo: Chikonge, Makonga sezita, Magonga sezita, Konga, Rukonge.

## Mitauro yeAfrika

Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeChiBantu, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. 

*Umbundu inoti kongela (v. put together; unite) kureva kukumbanidza. Umbundu inoti kongola (n. collect, collect debts). 
*Umbundu inoti ocikonge (n. Mustering camp). Mamwe mazwi: konga (n. muster, assemble) kuunganidza bato nekuverenga varipo nevasipo.
Chisongo

Chisongo izita remhuri rinowanikwa kuZambia. 

*Vanhu vane zita iri: Musonda Chisongo; Linda Chisongo; Michael Chisongo; Mwape Chisongo.
*Mazwi ari pedyo: Masongo sezita, Songo.

## Mitauro yeAfrika

Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mime mitauro yeChiBantu, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. Pane tarisiro yekuti mamwe mazwi emitauro yeAfrika anotodzana.

*VaMambwe vanoti nsongo (point; apex or point of anything; the point or extremity of any instrument, as spear, arrow, knife, pen, etc).
*Lubwisi vanoti busonga (n. point, tip, point of something sharp). Mamwe mazwi: kusongola (v. be pointed, sharp).
*Umbundu inoti ocisongo (n. stinger). Umbundu inoti osongo (n. thorn, private enclosure, compound). 
*Lenje inoti songa (press together, heap up, pile up, cram, give full measure).
Mayera

Mayera kana Maera mazita emhuri anowanikwa muZimbabwe.

*Vanhu vane zita iri: Benard Mayera; Mennard Mayera; Takudzwa Mayera; Sharon Mayera.
*Mazita ari pedyo: Muyeruza, Kayera, Kaela, Kayeruza, Mayere, Chiera, Rwere, Kuyere, Mwayera, Mayeresa, Tayera sezita, Hweru sezita, Mweru sezita; Kuyera sezita.

## Mitauro yeBantu

Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeChiBantu, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. 
 
*Nyanja inoti **kuyera** (of whiteness, cleanliness, brightness, clearness, clarity, purity, holiness) kureva kuchena. Edo inoti ere (white bean) rudzi rwebhinzi chena.
*Kinande inoti amayele (n. intelligence) kureva huchenjeri. Mamwe mazwi: **ni mundu w' amayele** (n. she or he is a smart person) kureva munhu akachenjera. 
*Herero inoti yera (to shine, be bright). Mamwe mazwi: oku-yere (n. open plain as opposed to dark bushy parts). Umbundu inoti yela (n. white, clean) kureva huchena.
Biti

Biti izita remhuri rinowanikwa muZimbabwe. 

*Vanhu vane zita iri: Tendai Biti; Batsirai Biti; Stanford Biti.
*Kubwitira kana kubitira kana kubitidza  (Suffocate; drown). 
*Mabiti kana biti kureva maheu.

## Mitauro yeAfrika

Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeAfrica, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. 

*Lela vanoti bìtí (v. bury, cover). Fananidzai nokuti kubitirwa? Mamwe mazwi: bìtìsí (v. cover oneself up, wrap up).
*Umbundu inoti pita (v. to go) kureva kuenda.
Zvita sezita

Zvita izita remhuri rinowanikwa kuZimbabwe. 

*Vanhu vane zita iri: Kate Zvita; Zvita Mutambirwa; James Zvita.

## Mitauro yeBantu

Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeChiBantu, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. 

*Umbundu inoti ovita (n. war) kureva hondo.