Chirwere cheEbola

**Ebola virus disease** (**EVD**) kana kuti **Ebola hemorrhagic fever** (**EHF**) chirwere cheEbola chinobata vanhu zvichikonzerwa neutachiona hweEbola. Zviratidzo zvechirwere ichi zvinowanzooneka mumazuva maviri kusvika kumavhiki matatu pashure pokunge munhu ava neutachiona, zvichitanga nefivha, pahuro, kurwadza kwetsandanyama, uye kutemwa nemusoro. Izvi zvinowanzoteverwa nekuda kurutsa, kurutsa, uye manyoka, pamwe chete nokutadza kushanda zvakanaka kwechiropa neitsvo. Kana zvadai, vamwe vanotanga kubuda ropa.

Utachiona uhwu hunogona kutapukira kana munhu akabata kana kuguma ropa kana mvura dzomumuviri dzemhuka inenge inahwo (kunyanya kana iri yerudzi rwetsoko kana chiremwaremwa chinodya michero). Hazvisati zvanyatsoonekwa kana chirwere ichi chichitapukira nomumhepo. Zviremwaremwa zvinodya michero zvinonzi zvinotakura uye kuparadzira utachiona uhwu asi izvo zvisingarwariswi nahwo. Kana munhu angobatira utachiona hwacho, chirwere chacho chinogona kutapukirawo vamwe. Varume vanenge vapukunyuka pachiri vanokwanisa kuramba vachichitapurira vamwe nomuurume hwavo kwemwedzi inoda kusvika miviri inotevera. Kuti munhu azonzi ane chirwere ichi, zvinowanzotanga zvaonekwa kuti haana zvimwewo zvirwere zvine zviratidzo zvakafanana nacho here, zvakadai semarariya, korera kana kuti umwewo utachiona hunoparira kupisa kwomuviri uye kubuda ropa. Kuti panyatsova nechokwadi chokuti munhu ane utachiona uhwu, ropa rake rinoongororwa kuti zvioneke kana rava nezvinorwisa utachiona, RNA, kana kuti utachiona hwacho chaihwo.

Kuzvidzivirira pachirwere ichi kunosanganisira kuderedza kutapukira kwachinoita kuvanhu chichibva kumhuka dzerudzi rwetsoko kana nguruve dzinenge dziinacho. Izvi zvingaitwa nokuongorora kuti mhuka dzacho hadzina chirwere ichi here, uye kana dziinacho, kwava kudziuraya uye kudzirasa nenzira yakakodzera. Kunyatsobika nyama nemazvo uyewo kupfeka zvokuzvidzivirira nazvo pakuibata, zvinogona kubatsirawo, sezvinongoitawo kupfeka zvokuzvidzivirira nazvo uye kugeza maoko kana tiri pedyo nomunhu ane chirwere chacho. Mvura dzomuviri pamwe nenyama zvemiviri yevanhu zvinotorwa kuti zvizoongororwa zvinofanira kungwarirwa chaizvo pakuzvitakura.

Hapana marapiro ati awanikwa echirwere ichi; vanhu vanacho vanobatsirwa nemvura yesauti neshuga (kuvapa mvura iri kuti tapirei uye ine sauti yokuti vanwe) kana dhiripi. Chirwere ichi chinoparira nhamba yakakura yeuwandu hwevafi: chichiwanzouraya vanhu vari pakati pe50% ne90% vevanenge vabatwa noutachiona hwacho. EVD yakatanga kuonekwa kuSudan nekuDemocratic Republic of the Congo. Chirwere ichi chinoita zvokuita denda chairo munzvimbo dzinopisa dzeSub-Saharan Africa. Kubvira 1976 (pachakatanga kuonekwa) kusvikira 2013, vanhu vanoda kusvika 1 000 vanobatwa nacho gore negore. Kusvika iye zvino,  denda reEbola ra2014 rokuWest Africa ndiro rinodarika mamwe ose, uye riri kuwanika munyika yeGuinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia uye ringangosanganisira Nigeria. Kubvira muna August 2014 vanhu vanopfuura 1 600 vakabatwa noutachiona uhwu. Zviri kuyedzwa kuti pagadzirwe mushonga; asi hapana wati wawanika.

## Kwakatorwa mashoko

; Zvinyorwa

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## Kumwe kunotaurwa nyaya iyi

* ViralZone: Ebola-like viruses – Virological repository from the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
* CDC: Ebola hemorrhagic fever – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Special Pathogens Branch
* WHO: Ebola haemorrhagic fever – World Health Organization, Global Alert and Response
* Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR): Filoviridae
* 3D macromolecular structures of the Ebola virus archived in the EM Data Bank (EMDB)
* Google Map of Ebola Outbreaks
* WHO recommended infection control measures