Kuchinja kwezvinhu munyika nekuda kwe denda re coronavirus muna 2019 na 2020

Kuvhiringika kwenyika kwakakonzerwa ne denda recoronavirus muna 2019 na 2020 kwakonzera mikanganiso yakawanda munharaunda nemumamiriro ekunze. Kuderera kwekufamba kwevanhu  kwakonzera kudedera kwemhepo yakasviba munzvimbo dzakawanda. Kuvharwa kwezvinhu nemamwe matano akatorwa muChina akakonzera kuderera kwecarbon emissions ne25 percent. Mumwe mu Earth systems scientist anofunga kuti zviitiko izvi zvakabatsira kuchengetedza hupenyu hwevanhu vanosvika 77,000 pamwedzi miviri yakapfuura. Kuparirana kwechirwere ichi kwakanganisa kuenda mberi kwenyaya dzemunharaunda, nekukonzeresa kumiswa kwemusangano we2020 United Nations Climate Change Conference. Kudonha kwehupfumi hwenyika dzose kwakakonzereswa nekukanganiswa kwenyika dzose kunofungidzirwa kunonotsa mari ichaenda ku green energytechnologies.

= Zvakamboitika =
Kusvikira 2020, huwandu wema greenhouse gases kubvira kutanga kwekuwanda kwema industry kwakakonzeresa kuti kupisa kweNyika dzose kukwire. Izvi zvakakonzeresa kunyungudika kwematombo echando mumagungwa nekuwanda kwemvura irimugungwa. Maitiro evanhu akonzeresa kushata kwemunharaunda munzira dzakawanda. Iyi ndiyo anthropogenic impact. Denda reCOVID-19 risati raitika, mutemo wanga uchifanirwa kupiwa kuvashandi vehutano kukaitika denda nderekuvharira vanhu futi nekusasangana kwevanhu. Zvisinei, ma researchers akataura denda reCOVID-19 risati raitika kuti kudzora kwezvinoitika mu economy zvinodzora kupisa kwenyika, kusviba kwemhepo nemvura yemugumgwa, zvichibvumira kuti nharaunda ikure zvishomashoma.

= Kusvibiswa kwemhepo =
Kuvhiringwa kwekufamba uye nema industry nekuda kwekutapukira kwe coronavirus, matunhu mazhinji akawana kudonha kwekusvibiswa kwemhepo. Kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo kunogona kuderedza kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uye nenjodzi dze COVID-19 asi hazvisati zvanyatsooneka kuti ndedzipi mhando dzekusvibisa mhepo (kana paine) dzakajairikwa senjodzi dzinoitika kumamiriro ekunze uye nekuCOVID-19. Iyo Centre ye Research Energy and Clean Air yakataura kuti idzo nzira dzekudzora kutapurira kwe coronavirus, sekuvharirwa mudzimba uye nekurambidzwa kufamba, zvakakonzera kuderedzwa kwe carbon emissions 25 percent ku China. Mumwedzi dzekutanga kwekuvharira vanhu, China yakagadzira ma metric tons e carbon dioxide arimashoma ne 200 million kunenguva yakafanana muna 2019 nekuda kwekuderera kwekufambiswa kwendege, kunatsa mafuta, uye nekushandiswa kwemarasha. Mumwe mu Earth systems scientist anokunga zviitiko izvi zvakabatsira kuchengetedza hupenyu hwevanhu 77,000. Nekudaro, Sarah Ladislaw anobva kuCentre for Strategic & International Studies akataura kuti kudzikisira kwema emissions nekuda kwekuderera kwehupfumi hwenyika hakufanirwe kuonekwa sezvakanaka nekuti kuyedza kweChina kudzoka kumitengo yekudara yekukura mukati mehondo dzekutengesa pamwe nekuvhiringidza nzira yekuwana zvinhu mumusika wemagetsi unozowedzera kukanganisa zvinhu munharaunda. Pakati pa 1 January na 11 March 2020, European Space Agency yakaona kuderera kweiyo nitrous oxide mumhepo kubva kumotokari, zvidyiro zvemagetsi, uye nemafekitori mudunhu rePo Valley kuchamhembe kwe Italy. Uku kuderedza kwakaita panguva yekuvharirwa kwevanhu mudzimba mudunhu.

NASA ne ESA vanga vachiona kuti sei Nitrogen dioxide gas yakadzikira zvakanyanya pakutanga kwedenda re COVID-19 kuChina. Kuderera kwehupfumi hwenyika kwakakonzereswa nahutachiona hwakadonhedza zvakanyanya huwandu hwekusvibisa, kunyanya mumaguta akaita seWuhan, China ne 25%. NASA inoshandisa inonzi ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) kuongorora ozone layer nezvinosvibisa kunge NO2, aerosols ne zvimwe. Ichi chishandiso chakabatsira NASA kududzira data ranga richiuya nekuti nyika yese yanga yakavharwa.

= Migwagwa yemvura nehupenyu hwemumvura =
Kudiwa kwehove nemitengo yehove kwese kwadzikira nekuda kwedenda, uye zvikepe zvevarauri vehove hazvisi kufamba. Rainer Froese akati kuwanda kwehove kuchawedzera nekuti kubata hove kwaderera zvakanyaya, uye akafungidzira kuti mumvura dzeEurope, dzimwe hove dzakaita se herring dzinogona kuwedzera mbiri dzadzo. Kubva muna April 2020, zviratidzo zvekupora kwehupenyu hurimumvura zvingorinyaya.

= Kutsvaga nekusimudzira =
Kunyangwe carbon emissions dzenyika dzakaderera, International Energy Agency yakataura kuti kushunguridzika kwehupfumi hwenyika kwakakonzereswa nekutapurika kwe coronavirus kunogona kudzivirira kana kunonotsa makambani kuisa mari mu green energy. Nekudaro, kuwedzera kwenguva yekuvharira vanhu mudzimba dzavo kwakasimbisa mutemo wekushandira kure nebasa. Mumhedzisiro wekushandisa ma masks echiso kusina kujairikwa, kwawedzera kuwanda kwavo munharaunda, izvi zvirikuwedzera kumutoro wetsvina ye plastic panyika.

European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) yakatizivisa kuti kudzikiswa kwekufamba kwendege munyika kwakakonzerwa nedenda kunogona kuvhiringidza maMeteorologist kunyatsoziva mamiriro ekunze. Zvinodaro nekuti ndege dzinofambiswa neruzhinji dzinoshandisa Airlines Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) sechinhu chakakosha pakunyatso ziva mamiriro ekunze. ECMWF yakatotaura kuti kushanda kwe AMDAR kuchadonha ne 65% kana kudarika nekuti ndenge dzinoita zvekutengesa dzavashoma.

= Zvematongero enyika =
Musangano we2020 United Nations Climate Change wakamiswa kusvika muna 2021 sepinduro yedenda kumashure kwekuchinjwa kwedzvimbo yavo yesangano kuitwa chipatara. Musangano uyu wanga wakakosha sezvo mazwi angaagadzirira kupa mifungo yavo kunyaya ye Paris Agreement, nechinangwa. Futi denda iri rinomisa kugona kupa mifungo dzemazwi,sezvo ivo varikutarisisa iro denda.[5] Time Magazina yakanyora kuti chishuwo cheku "tangidza" hupfumi hwenyika huchakonzeresa kukwira zvakanyanya kwema greenhouse gas. Nekudaro Executive Director we Energy Agency akataura kuti kudonha kwemitengo yemafuta panguva ye coronavirus kunogona kurimukana wakanaka kubvisa mari irimuma fossil fuel.

= Rebound effect irikutarisirwa =
"Kutangazve" kwema industry anogadzira greenhouse-gas uye nenzira dzekufamba kwevanhu mushure mekuvharirwa kwevanhu mudzimba mu COVID-19 kwakange kuchiratidzwa sechiitiko chaizobatsira kuwedzera greenhouse gas pane kuideredza.

## External links
·         United Nations: Six Nature Facts Related to Coronaviruses

= References =