open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Kuba

**Kuba** zvinoreva kutora chinhu chisiri chako nechinangwa chokushandisa kunge chako uye pasina chinangwa chozodzosera mwene wacho.

Tsotsi kana kuti mbavha zvinoreva munhu anoita mabasa ekuba. Vamwe vatauri vechimanje-maje vanongoti *vakomana* kureva iwo matsotsi. Kuba zvinoreva kutora chinhu chisiri chako usina urongwa hwekuzivisa muridzi wacho kuti watora uye usina urongwa hwekudzosera. 

*Matsviture (Sneak thief who steals anything he finds lying about) - apa kureva mbavha inoverera ichiba chero chayawana pamusha. 

*Makonya zvinoreva munhu anofurira vamwe kuita tsika kana mabasa akaipa - *bad influence*.
*Kuboya kana kubodza, kuboza, kubozha (find by chance) zvinoreva kuwana kana kunhonga chinhu usiri kuzvitarisira. Kuboya hakuzi kuba. Ipapa panobva mazwi anoti bozho, uye bodzo.
*Muronda (Watchman, security guard) zvinoreva munhu ane basa rekuchengeta nzvimbo achidzivirira umbavha. Vatauri veChewa vanoti *mulonda*.
*Kupinga (to trap thives by putting intoxicating substance in food they are likely to steal) apa kureva kuteya mbavha nokuisa mushonga unodhaka kana kukora muchikafu chingangobiwa nembavha.
*Kubinya (cheat, defraud). Anoita izvi anonzi mubinyi, chiito chinonzi mubinyo.
*Mubinyi (Fraud. Cheat).
*Mubinyo (Fraud or cheating - act, or habit of).
*Nharirire (sentinel).
*Kubvuta (to snatch, to sieze). Kubvutwa kana kubvukwa. 
*Kuchakatwa kana kupambwa (to be looted) iri rinotaurwa kuChiNdau. (Isaiah 13:16, Bhaibheri reChiNdau)

## Tsika

*Mirairo gumi yaMwari ine mumwe unoti **Usaba**.
*Chikwene kana chinanga (Distinguishing mark. 2. Mutilation to mark thief) zvinoreva vanga rainyorwa pambavha kana vamwe vainge vapara mhosva.
*Kumberereka  (Wander aimlessly). kana kutimhaira zvinoreva kungofamba uchitenderera panzvimbo zvisina chinangwa. Handidi kuti vana vamberereke kana vaburuka mubhazi: I do not want the children wandering about after getting off the bus. 
*Abraham wakagunun'unira Abimelech ngendaa yechinyuka chemvura, icho chaiya chabvukwa ngesimba ngevaranda vaAbhimerekhi. (*Genesis 21:25* Bhaibheri reChiNdau).

## Tsumo

*Kugona mbavha huirongera.
*Mbavha ibatwi mbavha rutsoka ishamwari. 

## Mitauro yeBantu

*MaZulu vanoti **eba** (Steal, pilfer, thieve) lureva kuba. Sokuti **ukweba impahla** (to steal goods). 
*VaYao vanoti **kukwakula** (to snatch away) kureva kuhwapura.
*VaMakua vanoti **wiya** (steal) kureva kuba. Kaviya izita remhuri. Nsenga vanoti **mbafa** (n. thief). 
*VaGanda vanoti okubbirira (v. cheat) kureva kubirira. Omubbi (n. Thief).
*VaKiikizu vanoti **-zwamura** (v. steal) kureva kudzvamura.
*VaChewa vanoti **mbala** (a thief; burglar). Kinande vanoti **obulahi** (n. thief, robber) kureva mbavha.
Mambakwedza

Mambakwedza kana kuti mavambakuyedza zvinoreva rungwanani pakutangisa kwawo. 

*Utonga kana utongwa hwakatsvuka (first glow).

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaTsonga vanoti vurhonga (n. east or direction where the sun rises). Mamwe mazwi vurhonga (n. dawn ) kureva mambakwedza.
*Taabwa vanoti lukula (n. dawn ) kuyedza kwezuva. Taita vanoti kuela (v. to be light) kureva kuyedza kana kuchena kwekunze.
*Xilenge vanoti vutonga  (n. east). Babungo vanoti tɔŋ (v.itr to rise - of the sun).
*Chuabo vanoti ebembembe (n. dawn) kureva kuyedza kwekunze.
Mbambiro

Mbambiro kana kuti mavambo (first step in procedure, baseline, source, origin) zvinoreva danho rokutanga pamaitirwo ebasa kana pane zviri kucherechedzwa.

Shoko iri rinokwanisa kushandiswa kuturikira inonzi **baseline** kuEnglish.

## Mashoko Anotodzana

*Kuvamba
*Mavambo
*Mbamba
*Kuvambira
*Kupambira
*Mhambi

*Kutangurura, kuvamburura (recommence).

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Kutungamira; kutangira (antecede; to go before, in time, order, rank). 
*Jekese kana rivata (ideo of Beginning together (many).  Ngatiti pabasa jekese: let us begin the work together. 

## Mitauro yeBantu

*BaKalanga vanoti bu dwilo (beginning or origins of something) kureva mbambiro. VaBemba vanoti **ntulo** (source).
*VaNyoro vanoti **okubanza** (origin, to begin).
*VaSwahili vanoti **chanzo** (source, beginning). VaDigo vanoti **chandzo** (source, beginning).
*VaGungu vanoti **ntandiko** (origin, beginning, source, initiation, foundation, basis, inception, first part of a series or an activity) kureva mavambo. 
*VaKongo vanoti **etuku** (origin, source, cause, derivation - often used in plural). VaKongo vanowanzosiya **e** anovamba mazwi anenge **etuku**.
Manyukira

Manyukira (Tropical ulcer) zvinoreva duzu rinoitika pamuviri wemunhu zvikuru sei kunyika dzinopisa. Vamwe vanoti ndyonga kana manyuku.
Mbikiti

Shoko rokuti mbikiti rinotaura kuti chiro changa chiri kutekaira chasvika pamumira chisisafambe.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Akambikitidza motokari isati yasvika parukova: apa kureva *he pulled up the car before it reached the river*.

*Dhongi rakasvikoti mbikiti parukova: apa kureva *the donkey stood still when it reached the river*.
Mbimba

Mbimba  (Exaggerated self-confidence) rinoreva kuzvitemba kwakapfurikidza, kuzviti ndini ndinogona pane zvimwe zvikuru kwauri zvausingakwanise. Vamwe vatauri vanoti manyemwe kana manyawi. 

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Ane mbimba: he is self-assured.
Mbavarira

Mbavarira (Determination; perseverance) zvinoreva kusimbirira kuita chinhu chingadaro chichirema, chakaoma, chinotora nguva ndefu kana chinonetsa. Vamwe vatauri vanoti rusimbiriro, ruchamiro kana hutsungi.

*Mbavarira (a war song) kureva rwiyo rwehondo.

## Tsumo

*Mbavarira inoda vane nharo. Perseverance calls for impetuous people.
Manika

Shoko rokuti kumanika (press between two surfaces, put in a narrow place) rinoreva kudzvanyidzira pakati pezviro zviviri. Zvakafana nokuti kumanika puranga ne *vice grip*.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Manikana, -tetepa, -sunha, -pata (narrow).
*Sunha (Narrow).

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Nzira yakasvika pakamanyana: apa kureva *the path reached a narrow place*. 
*Guta rinonzi Chimanimani rinodaro richitodza zita raro kubva pakumanikwa pakati pemakomo.
*Hari yakasunha muromo: the pot is narrow at the mouth.

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Hadiyya inoti tukka (adj. narrow).
Kuserera

Kuserera (to subside swelling) zvinoreva kuderera kwepanhu pakazvimba.

*Kuserera (to be level, smooth).
*Kuserera (to subside as a flood or storm).
*Kuserereka (to crouch, to sink gradually in water).
*Kuseredza (to cause to abate, to cause to sink).

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Lenje inoti **kuseluka** (come (go, get, walk, climb) down; descend) kureva kuburuka kana kudzika. Mamwe mazwi: **selushya**.
*Zigula inoti **kusela** (v. come down; go down; descend; setting of the sun) kureva kudzika. Mamwe mazwi: **mselo** (n. descent).
*Nsenga inoti **seluzhya** (v. lower) kureva kudzikisa. VaTaita vanoti **kuselela** (to go down; descend; put down) kureva kuserera.
*Saghala inoti kuselela (to come down; to go down; to look down). Shambala vanoti **kushelela** (v. to go down) kureva kuserera.
*Lugwere vanoti kuseereeta (v. v. be level, evened out, flush, flat or straight).
Muururo

Muururo kana kuti mbururo (Auger) zvinoreva chibooreso chine kuumbwa kana shepi yezononoko chinoshandiswa kuboora maburi pamapuranga.

Mazuvano nekuwanda kwehumhizha kwave nembururo dzinoshandiswa kuchera makomba anodzimikwa mapango emagetsi kana enhare. Kunoitawo mbururo dzinoshandiswa kucheka mazaya echando panzizi dzakagwamba nechando munyika dzakadai seCanada.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaZigula vanoti **kubovola** (v. to bore) kureva kuboora.
Mburuzvira

Mburuzvira (Roundness, evenness. slipperiness of shape) vinotaura chiro chine rukanda kana uso hwakakwenenzverwa pasina kumanzika kana chimwe chaka chachamara kana kuchanjamara. 

*Mabvivi, man'aran'azhu kana bvivi (1. Roughness of a surface, 2. Rough marks). Ukapara dehwe kunosara mabvivi.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Muviri wayo wakangoita mburuzvira: apa kureva *its body is smooth shaped, without protruding joints*.
*Kushanda chiro kuti chive mburuzvira kunonzi kukwenenzvera, icho chiro chacho chonzi chakakwenenzveka kana kutsvenenzveka. 

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaZigula vanoti **kudeleka** (be smooth). Mamwe mazwi: **-deleka** (adj. smooth). **Kudelesa** (v. make smooth).
*VaGulu vanoti **ku-paluka** (rough) vachireva kuparuka.
Kumaira

Shoko rokuti kumaira (to visit) zvinoreva kushanyira munhu zvikurusei murwere. Vamwe vatauri vanoshandisa shoko rokuti kumema ipapa futi.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Vabereki vake vaisafara nenhau yokuti Sarudzai akanga asisavamaira.
*Kushanyira, kufambira, kukanda mumvuri, kuvhakachira.
Mbune

Shoko rokuti mbune (Self, own) rinoreva iye munhu pachake. Shoko rokuti ndomene rinoshandiswa futi richiturikirwa kunzi *personally* kuEnglish.  

Mambune (purposely, deliberately).

## Tsika

*Musiki iye mbune akava munhu: apa kureva *the Creator Himself became a man*. 
*Handisi kutaura zvekuunzwa nemumwe munhu, ndakazviona mbune nemaziso angu aya.
*Kana kuri kutaurwa mumwe munhu, shoko rokuti omene ndiro rinoshandiswa, sokuti:
*Chisikana chaenda chomene: the little girl herself went. 
*Mukomana aenda omene: the boy himself went.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Ndomene, ndimene, chimene, vomene.

## Tsumo

*Zvamina hazvina mafi. My own affairs cause no grudge. 
*Ndomene haichemedzi. What you do on your own does not make you cry. 

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaTonga vanoti ndemwini (I myself) vachireva ndomene. Vanobva vati mwini (himself). Tumbuka inoti chomene  (very much).
*Zigula inoti emwenye (himself; herself). Mamwe mazwi: chenye (itself)- sokuti: chintru chenye (the thing itself).. Luganda inoti moyo  (self). 
*Swahili inoti uzima  (1. life, vitality; health, vigor, energy; 2. full development; 3. maturity; adulthood; 4. completeness, perfection).
*Swahili inoti uzima (existence, reality). Mamwe mazwi: uzima wote  (1. rare lifetime; one's entire lifetime).
*VaMambwe vanoti mweneco (himself, herself). Sangho inoti mveni (n. self, owner) kureva ndimene kana mwene.
*Kabwa vanoti enye, chenye, dyenye, henye, kenye, kwenye, mwenye, venye, wenye, yenye, (1. self; 2. selves).
*Kabwa vanoti omwene (himself; herself). Chikunda inoti wamene, kamene, pamene, kwamene, mwamene (itself).
Mhambu

Mhambu (Side of path or parting of ways) zvinotaura parutivi penzira kana kuti paye panoparadzana nzira. Shoko iris rinotaurawo chiitiko chekuparadzana kwevanhu vambenge vary kufamba vese.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Kumhambu kwenzira kuno muti: there is a tree at the side of the path. 

*Ukasvika pamhambu, tsambuka uende kurudyi: when you come to the fork take the path to the right. 

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Kikongo vanoti mpambu (bifurcation - of roads division of something into 2 branches or parts) kureva mhambu.
*VaChewa vanoti mbali (alongside, near to). Kimbundu vanoti mpambu (n. crossroads; intersection; crossing).
Musiyano

Musiyano kana mutsauko (difference) zvinotaura kusiyana kwakaita zvinhu zviri kucherechedzwa. Vamwe vatauri vanoti mhatsa zvichibva pashoko rokuti kupatsana.

*Kupatsana kana kupatsanya (to differ, to separate).
*Kupatsanisa (cause to separate, sort out). 
*Kupesana kana kupatsana (to differ, or be different) apa kureva kusiyana zvikurusei kusiyana mafungiro kana maitiro .

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

Hapana mhatsa pakuti  mumwe ofamba nechitima mumwe nemotokari, nokuti vose vanotakurwa: apa kureva **one goes by train another by car, there is no difference between them since both are carried**. 

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*VaLungu vanoti **ukupasana** (to differ) kureva kupatsana. Mamwe mazwi: **ukupasanya** (to distinguish; compare) kureva kupatsanisa.
*VaTonga vanoti **bumbi** (differently) kureva nemutowo wakasiyana. Mamwe mazwi: **kumbi** (Another place; a different place) imwe nzvimbo. **Mbudi** (like, as) kureva nemutowo wakafanana.
*Nsenga vanoti **-mbi** (different, of another kind). Mamwe mazwi: **-iyakwe** (another of the same kind).
*Lenje vanoti **wumbi** (n. difference, another kind) kureva musiyano kana rumwe rudzi. Mamwe mazwi: **kumbi, pambi, mumbi** (at different time or place) kureva imwe nguva kana kumwe kunhu.
*Lenje neBemba vanoti **-mbi** (a second; other; another; of another kind; different) kureva cherudzi rwepiri kana cherumwe rudzi.
*Lenje inoti **-mwi** (one; some; another of same sort) kureva chimwecho. Hadiyya vanoti annanna (adj. different; except).
Mhaka

*Mhaka (Crime; affair; debt). Jesu akauraiwa asina mhaka.
*Mhaka (cause). Nemhaka yei madaro?
*Mhaka sezita (a family name).

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaKongo vanoti **uma** (n. matter - abstract; affair, palaver, concern, case, statement, subject, word, cause, fault).
*Basotho vanoti **taba** (matter, affair, subject, news).
*VaTsonga vanoti **mhaka** (n. affair, issue) vachireva mhaka.
Mhaka (chikonzero)

Shoko rokuti mhaka (affair, cause, debt) rinokwanisa kureva chikonzero.

*Imhaka yei usakauya: what was the cause of your not coming? 

*Haisi mhaka yako: it is none of your business. 
*Unengava kana unemhaka (debtor).
Mhindu

Mhindu (versatility, ability to change plans, alternative) zvinotaura munhu anokwanisa kushandura zvirongwa kana pfungwa kubva pane chimwe kuenda pane chimwe asingarambe akati nanga-nanga nechimwechete kana namafungiro mamwe. Vamwe vatauri vanoti munhu ane mabhindauko.

*Munhu asina mhindu haabudirire: a person with a one-track mind cannot get on. 
*Rufu runoshayisa mhindu: death is inevitable. 

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaTonga vanoti **mpindu** (n. business, profit).
*Vatauri veUmbundu vanoti **ocipindi** (trade).
*VaTsonga vanoti **bindzu** (n. business). Mamwe mazwi: **bindzula** (v. profit). **Bindzulo** (n. profit).
Mhoni

Mhoni (Blister on the hands caused by friction) zvinoreva duzu rinoitika kana munhu ari kushanda ganda richikweshera pamubato wechombo chaari kushanda nacho. Mhoni dinoitika pakutimba, kutema muti kana kusakura.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*BaKalanga vanoti **phoni** (blisters on the hands) vachireva mhoni.
-mima

-mima (Continue to carry out an action repeatedly) zvinotaura kuramba uchiita chinhu uchidzokorora kuchiita. Shoko iri rinokwanisa kushandiswa kutaura chinonzi *regular* kuEnglish.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Vanhukadzi  vanomima kutsime:women are continually going to the well.
Kumotsodza

Shoko rokuti kumotsodza (cause to abound, flourish, overflow) rinoreva kukonzera kuti zvibereko zviwande sokuti kuwanda kwemazambiringa patsumbu rawo.

*Kumotsoka.

*Motso - pfungwa yacho yokuwanda.

Shoko iri richakosha pakuturikira zvinoti: *maximum, optimum* kuchirungu.
Muvakidzani

Muvakidzani (neighbour) zvinotaura vanhu vanogara pamhatso kana misha iri pedyo napedyo kungava kudhorobha kana kumaruwa. Vamwe vatauri vanoti mubanze. Kumaruwa vabanze vanosangana pabanze rimwero.

*Banze (Meeting-place of men of a village). Pakuwanda toti mabanze.
*Mubanze kana mubanzi (neighbour; one living in a neighbourhood).

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Vavakidzani vanobatsirana panguva yenhamo.

*Chibanze chedu kana mubanze wedu (our neighbour) apa kureva muvakidzani.

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Xilenge inoti banza (n. fire around which men sit) kureva banze. IsiNdebele inoti umakhelwane (n. neighbour).
*Lenje inoti mwansi (one of same village, friend, neighbor). Xhosa inoti makhelwana (n. neighbour).
*Kikongo vanoti mbanza (city; metropolis). VaMbugwe vanoti pendo (n. neighbour).
*Hadiyya inoti amba (n. vicinity, village, settlement, neighborhood). Mamwe mazwi: ambi (n. neighbor). Amba'a (n. village; surrounding area).
Mukuchidzi

Mukuchidzi (Agitator) kana kuti mhesvamukono munhu anofuruira kana kukurudzira kuti vanhu varwe kana kuti vaite imwe nyonganyonga isiri pamutemo.

## Mamwe Mazwi

Mamwe mazwi anoturikira agitator ndeanoti: mupesaisi; mupesanisi; muparanzongo; mubvanago. 

## Mitauro yeBantu

*MaZulu vanoti **umshushiso** (1.  Encouragement, urging on. 2. Persecution, nagging). Mamwe mazwi: **amashushu** (Strong desire, longing; restlessness.).
*MaZulu vanoti **umshushisi** kana **abashushisi** (1. Prompter; one who keeps things going. 2. Court prosecutor).
*MaZulu vanoti **shushisa** (Urge on, encourage, invigorate). Mamwe mazwi: **ukushushisa indaba** (to carry a matter forward).
Mucheto

Mucheto (Edge, end or border of a surface) zvinoreva kwakagumira ndima iri kutaurwa nezvayo. Vamwe vatauri vanoti muganhu.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Sakurai kusvika kumucheto wemunda wenzungu.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaFwe vanoti **museto** (n. border) kureva mucheto.
Muratu

Muratu (suspension foot bridge) zvinoreva bhiriji rekufamba netsoka rakavakwa rakarembera patamba kana cheni.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Izwi rokuti **mlatho** (a bridge) rinotautwa mururimi rweChewa, kureva muratu kana murato.
*VaNyungwe vanoti **mlatho** (bridge) kureva **muratu**.
*VaWabo vanoti **muratto** kana **miratto** pakuwanda (bridge) vachireva muratu.
Mudove

Mudove (Succession of acts) zvinoreva kuti chiito chimwecho zvakatevedzana. Vamwe vatauri vanoti muduri.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Akaita doro mudove: he drank one cup of beer after the other.
Muchete

Muchete kana kuti matewo (satisfactory state of affairs or health) zvinotaura kuti zvinhu zvakamira zvakanaka pasina dambudziko kana unorwara. 

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Vana vakadii; muchete here vazukuru vangu vose?

## Kurerutsa Mutauro yeBantu

*Mang'anja vanoti **tewa** (flat) vachireva kuti vavatara.
*Mang'anja vanoti **kutewama** (to be flat) vachireva kuti vavatara.
Muhwadzamba

Muhwadzamba kana kuti muhwamba (Underneath) zvinoreva pasi pechiro sekuti pasi pemubhedha, hozi kana motokari. 

*Muhwadzamba memotokari hamupindiki: there is no getting under a motor-car.
Kukachidzwa

Kukachidzwa kunoitika kana uchinge wakanganisa kumedza chikafu kana zvinwiwa zvekuti chikafu chinonopinda nepaburi rekufema naro. Kukachidzwa kunooneka nekukosora zvakanyanya, kubuda misodzi mumaziso, kubuda dzihwa, kutadza kutaura kana kufema zvichienderana nekukura kwakaita chikafu chinenge chamanikira pahuro. Kazhinji munhu anokachidzwa nenzira dzinotevera:

*Kutaura munhu achidya kana kunwa.

*Kuseka munhu achidya kana kunwa.

*Kudya munhu achikasira zvakanyanya.
Kokorodzano

Kokorodzano (Congregation, gathering of living things) zvinoreva gungano kana kuungana kwevanhu kana mhuka.

Shoko iri tinokwanisa kushandiswa kuturikira inonzi **congress** kuEnglish. Nokumwe kutaura tingati guruundano.

*Kukuruunda (Go to, or from, a place in a great crowd) apa kufamba vanhu vakawanda kuita guruundano.
*Kukurundundudza (Drive many cattle together).
*Danha, Danhadanha, matanhatanha kana matanha pahuwandu (Gathering of people) apa zvichireva kokorodzano.
*Mbungano (Assembly, Congregation).

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Kokorodzano yeKereke gore rino iri kuitirwa kuSanyati.
*Vanhu vanokokorodzana nokuita gungano guru pamuzinda wachangamire.

## Kurerutsa Mitauro yeBantu

*VaTonga vanoti **mbungano** (Assembly) kureva mbungano. Baila vanoti **imbungano** (n. Gathering, Assembly) kureva mbungano.
*VaNyakyusa vanoti **bungaana** (be assembled; assembled) kureva kuungana. Mamwe mazwi: **bungaania** (gather) kureva kuunganidza.
*VaBemba vanoti **cibungwe** (congregation) kureva mbungano.
*VaYao vanoti **kukokola** (to gather up; to gather together in a heap) kureva kukokorodza.
Dare (bhero)

**Dare** kana kuti bhero chiridzwa chinoridzwa kuudza vanhu kuti nguva inotanga kana kupera chiitiko yakwana. Dare rinogadzirwa nesimbi.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Mujejeje (Stone gong) muta, ndangu. Zvichida ndipo panobva zita rokuti Mandangu.

## Mitauro yeAfrica

*Elip vanoti **ì≠bèⁿgé** (n. bell) kureva bhero.
Bete

Bete (cockroach) kapembenene kanowanikwa mudzimba asi kanouya kachibva musango.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaVenda vanoti **bete** (n. cockroach) kureva bete. Kinande vanoti **enyenze** (n. cockroach) kureva bete.
*VaJita vanoti **riyenje** kureva bete. Chichewa vanoti mphemvu kureva bete.
*Bemba vanoti **impemfu** kureva bete. Kikuyu vanoti nyenje kureva bete.
*Nsenga vanoti **nyendule** kureva bete. Lozi vanoti mafele kureva mapete. Xitsonga vanoti mahele kureva mapete.
Chizivano

Shoko rokuti chizivano (favouritism) rinoreva maitiro ekubata vanhu vekuziva zviri nani pane avo vausingazive. Shoko iri rinonyanya kutaurwa kana paine chinu chiri kuwaniswa sokuti pane mabasa ari kuforerwa, nzvimbo dzechikoro dziri kutsvgwa kana minda iri kuchekwa.

Chizivano chakatekeshera muZimbabwe, zvokuti munhu ane hama yake pachinzvimbo chakakwirira anotarisira kuti ichamugadza pakanaka uyewo hama iri panzvimbo yakakwirira inotarisirwa kuti inge ichichengetedza vekwayo.

## Zvirevo

*Chawawana idya nehama mutorwa ane hanganwa.
Mapisarema 96

Mapisarema ndima 96 chikamu 1
Imba nziyo kuna Tenzi
Iwe nyika imbira Tenzi 
2 Imbira Tenzi urumbidze zita rake ,dana rudzikinuro rwake misi yose.
3Danidzira hutsvene panyika nokuda kwemabasa ake akarurama kuvanhu.
4Nokuti mutsvene Tenzi akafanira kurumbidzwa ,anofanira kutyikwa pamusoro pemadzimambo ese
Rumazvitinhura

Shoko rokuti rumazvitinhura (self-moving, self-initiating, automatically) riri kushandiswa pano kutsanangura chinhu chinoshanda chiri choga chisina munhu unochiudza kana kuchisunda panguva iyoyo. Kana chiro chichishanda **rumazvitinhura** chinoonekwa sokunge chinofunga choga kuenda padanho rinotevera rinova rakafanira maererano nezviripo zviri munharaunda yachiri kucherechedza. Nokumwe kutaura tinokwanisa kuti chimazvikuchidza, chimazvidenhedza kana chimazvitsedura kureva chinovamba kushanda chega uye chinozviendesa padanho rakafanira zvichienderana nenharaunda yachiri.

## Kupiwa kwezita

Shoko reEnglish rokuti **automatic** rinoreva **self-acting or self-moving or self-thinking**. Shoko rokuti kutinhura rinoreva kukonzera kuti chinhu chivambe kushanda, kutinhira, kufamba kana kuenda chichiita zvachakafanirwa kuti chiite - *set in motion or to get something going, initiate or trigger*.

*Akatenga mota inofamba rumazvitinhura.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Guma (1. Start to act - e.g. to talk; 2. Set in motion). Gumurai rumbo: start singing. Gumura dombo: start the stone rolling. Ndagumurwa mwoyo: my stomach is upset.
*Chimazvigumura kana chimazvigumudza (automatic).
Ngozi

Ngozi (Avenging spirits) zvinoreva chiitiko chinotaurwa kumarudzi evatema chokunge munhu akauraiwa nenzira isina kururama omukira avo vakamuuraya kuti atsive rufu rwake. Kumukira vakauraya uku kunonzi kupfuka ngozi.

## Chirevo

*Kugona ngozi kuiripa.
*Kune nhetembo inozivikanwa zvikuru inonzi **Ngozi yerombe igandanzara**.

## Mitauro yeBantu

Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mime mitauro yeChiBantu, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. Chinangwa ndechekutsvaga zvinoreva mazita, zvikurusei kana mazita aya asisiri kutaurwa mumutauro wemazuva ano.

*MaZulu vanoti **ingozi** (1. severe wound; 2. throbbing pain from an old wound). 
*MaZulu vanoti **ingozi** (danger, risk, accident, misfortune). 
*VaTaita vanoti **kukosa** (transgress, to sin, to offend, to wrong) kureva kutadzira. VaTaita vanoti **mkosi** (offender) kureva mutadzi.
*Vatauri veEkegusii vanoti **kosera** (to grind), kureva kugaya.
*VaDigo vanoti **koseka** kana **kukoseka** (to be faulty, to be at fault). VaDigo vanoti **koserwa** kana **kukosesa** (to be wronged by another).
Nhoozhinji

Muchidzidzo Pimanyika, **nhoozhinji** (*polyhedron* kuChirungu) zvinoreva shepi ine mitsendo mina kana kudarika.Mitsendo iyi inenge ichibatana pamikwava nenzira inoita kuti shepi iyi ive chiumbwa chakavharika kwose.

## Kupiwa Kwezita

KuEnglish shoko rokuti **polyhedron** rinobva pamashoko anoti **poly** rinoreva **many**, uye **hedron** rinoreva **base, chair or face**. Saka zvichibatanidzwa zvoreva **many faces or many bases**.

Zita rokuti nhoozhinji rinobva pakuti shepi dzemhando iyi dzakavharwa mativi ose nenhoo dzinoonekwa kunze kwechiumbwa. Nhoo mbiri dzega-dzega dzinosangana pamikwava kana kuti pamutsetse mumwe. Nhoo nhatu kana kudarika dzinosangana pachisuvi chimwe. Kuverengwa kwehuwandu hwenhoo dziri pachiumbwa ndiko kunopa chiumbwa zita racho. Pano pasarudzwa kuti boka rezviumbwa izvi zvinzi nhoozhinji zvichitodzana nenhoo (Sheild) inodzivirira ari seri kwayo akaibata. Panotariswa zviumbwa izvi mativi acho ndiyo ari kufananidzwa nenhoo.

## Mipanda yenhoozhinji

Kune mhando yenhoozhinji inoita zviso zvakaenzana nekufanana; nhoozhinji ine kuchenzana kwezviso inonzi nhoozhinji yemachenzano - **regular polyhedron**.  Boka renhoozhinji rinoitawo zviumbwa zvisina kuchenzana kwezviso, apa kureva kuti zviso hazvitodzani pakuenzana kana kufanana. Nhoozhinji ine zviso zvisina kuchenzana inonzi nhoozhinji isakachenzana - **irregular polyhedron**.

## Mhando dzenhoozhinji

*Nhooina (**tetrahedron** kuEnglish). Iyi ishepi ine zviso kana kuti mitsendo mina. Nokumwe kutaura ndiyo shepi imwe inonzi dumba regonyonhatu - triangular pyramid.
*Nhooshanu (**pentahedron**) Iyi ishepi ine zviso kana kuti mitsendo mishanu. Dumba reSkweya - (square pyramid) riri muboka reshepi iyi.
Nhooina

Muchidzidzo Pimanyika, nhooina (tetrahedron kuChirungu) chiumbwa chemhando wenhoozhinji chine zviso zvina zvemhando gonyonhatu, uye zvitatu zvacho zvichisangana pachisuvi. Chiumbwa ichi chine micheto mitanhatu, nezvisuvi zvina. Pakupiwa kwezita, zviso zvechiumba zviri kufananidzwa nenhoo; kuverengwa kwehuwandu hwemativi aya ndiko kunopa chiumbwa zita racho.

Nhooina imhando yedumba ine shepi yegonyozhinji pahwaro hwayo nemativi matatu akaumbwa negonyonhatu anonosangana papoyindi imwe. Nhooina ndiyo shepi imwechete inodanwa kunzi dumba regonyonhatu (triangular pyramid). 

Zvakanaka kuti tionesana kuti nhooina yega-yega ingaumbwa ine mburungwa yakakomberedza nenzira yokuti zvisuvi zvose zve**nhooina** zvinenge zvakabata pauso hwemburungwa iyi. 

## Mukumbanidzwa weNhooina

Image:CubeAndStel.svg|Nhooina dziri mbiri mukati mechikwembe
Image:Compound of five tetrahedra.png|Mukambanidzwa weNhooina dziri shanu
Image:Compound of ten tetrahedra.png|Mukambanidzwa weNhooina dziri gumi
Nhooshanu

Muchidzidzo Pimanyika, **nhooshanu** (*pentahedron* kuChirungu) chiumbwa chemhando wenhoozhinji chine zviso zvishanu. Pakupiwa kwezita, zviso zvechiumba zviri kufananidzwa nenhoo; kuverengwa kwehuwandu hwemativi aya ndiko kunopa chiumbwa zita racho.

Zviumbwa zviviri zviri paboka iri ndezvinoti: Dumba reSkweya uye Zhumwi regonyonhatu. Boka rezviumbwa izvi zvinokwaniswa kuva gonyozhinji remachenzano, apa kureva kuti zviso zvacho zvinotodzana pakufanana uye kuenzana . Boka irori rinoitawo zviumbwa zvisina muchenzano wezviso, apa kureva kuti zviso hazvitodzani pakuenzana kana kufanana. 

Nhoozhinji ine zviso zvisina kuchenzana inonzi nhoozhinji isakachenzana - **irregular polyhedron**.

**Nhooshanu** hainyanye kutaurwa sekutaurwa kunoitwa nhooina kana nhoosere.
Murayiranwa

Pano shoko rokuti murayiranwa riri kushandiswa kuturikira shoko reChirungu rokuti **regular** rinoreva *usual, normal, or having rules of guidance*. Zvinhu zvine murarayiranwa zvinofamba kana kudyidzana zvichipana mirawu inotara mutowo wazvinofamba nawo. Nokumwe kutaura tingati zvinotodzana pakufamba, kuumbwa kana kutaridzika kwazvo.

Chiro chisingatevedzi mutemo kana mutowo wokufamba nawo chinongonzi chisina murayiranwa - **irregular**.

## Kurerutsa

*May I have regular tea please. Ndaikumbira munditirewo tii yakare yemazuva ose, yemurayiranwa.

## Mitauro ye[[ChiBantu]]

*VaHerero vanoti **osemba** (regular). 
*VaHerero vanoti **oku-kara osemba** (regularity).
Mupomerwi

Mupomerwi (the accused kuChirungu) munhu ari kunzi ane mhosva iri kukwidzwa kudare remhosva kuti itongwe kana kusvitswa kumapurisa kuti itswakurudzwe. Pamitemo yenyika yeZimbabwe munhu anotariswa seasina mhosva nguva dzose kudzamara apo kunenge kwazooneswa kuti akapara mhosva yacho.

## Chinamato

*Satani mupomeri wemhosva anopomera vatendi pamberi paMwari sekunonzi haazive kuti Jesu vakavaregerera zvivi zvavo.
Gonyoshanu

Muchidzidzo pimanyika gonyoshanu ishepi ine mativi mashanu nemagonyo mashanu.

### Kudhara Gonyoshanu

Gonyoshanu rinokwanisa kudharwa neznira yakatsangangurwa pasi iyo:

#Dhara denderedzwa iro uchashandisa kubuditsa gonyoshanu wochipangidza mboni yaro *O*. (Iri ndiro denderedzwa rine ruvara green padariro riri kurudyi).
#Sarudza poyindi *A* iri padenderedzwa ichava iyo chisuvi chegonyashanu. Dhara mutsetse unobatanidza *O*na *A*.
#Dhara mutsetse wakarurama 90o paunobata *OA* pana *O*. Maka na *B* papoyindi panosangana mutsetse uyu nedenderedzwa radharwa pakutanga.
#Chinyora poyindi  *C* sepoyindi iri pakati pemutsetse *OB*.
#Dhara denderedzwa rine mboni pana *C* richidarika nepa poyindi *A*. Maka panosangana denderedzwa iri nemutsetse *OB* nevara *D*.  (umu munenge muri mukati medenderedzwa repakutanga) 
#Dhara denderedzwa rine mboni pana  *A* richidarika nepa poyindi *D*. Maka panosangana denderedzwa iri nedenderedzwa repakutanga (green) wonyora ipapo mavara *E* na *F*.
#Dhara denderedzwa rine mboni pana  *E* richidarika nepa poyindi *A*. Maka pamwe panosangana denderedzwa iri nedenderedzwa repakutanga pave poyindi *G*.
#Dhara denderedzwa rine mboni pana  *F* richidarika nepa poyindi *A*.  Maka pamwe panosangana denderedzwa iri nedenderedzwa repakutanga pave poyindi *H*.
#Chidhara  gonyoshanu remachenzano *AEGHF* - **regular polygon**.

## Gonyoshanu muzvisikwa


Image:BhindiCutUp.jpg|Gonyoshanu rinoonekwa pachekwa derere.
Image:Morning_Glory_Flower.jpg|Morning glories, aya maruva ane shepi yegonyoshanu.
Image:Sterappel dwarsdrsn.jpg|The gynoecium of an apple contains five carpels, arranged in a five-pointed star
Image:Carambola Starfruit.jpg|Starfruit umwe muchero unopangidza gonyoshanu.
Rurama (pimanyika)

Muchidzidzo chePimanyika kururama (Right angled, normal) izita rapiwa kutsangangudza mitsetse inosangana pamukwava ne90o. Iri zita rapiwa kubatsira kuti titaure muchidumbu. Apa kufananidza kutaura kuri kuEnglish kunonzi *the wall is normal to the floor* - zvinoreva kuti madziro anosangana nepasi pamukwava une gonya re 90o.

Nokutaura uku, *right angled triangle* inenge yave kunzi gonyanhatu yakarurama.

Shoko rokuti kururama (going straight, direct) rinoreva kuenda nenzira yakatwasuka.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaLenje vanoti **lulama** (1. be straight, even, level 2. be straight-forward, honest, upright).
*VaLenje vanoti **lulamika** (1. set right, straight, level).
*VaDigo vanoti **twaa** (vertical, very straight, upright) vachireva twasa.
*VaDigo vanoti **mwana akaima twaa** (The child has stood upright) vachireva mwana akamira akati twasa.
SADC

Sangano reBudiriro kuChamhembe kweAfrica, (Southern Africa Development Community) - **SBCA-SADC** isangano rinokotsvanidza nyika dziri mudunhu rekuchamhembe kweAfrica kuti dzishande pamwe mumabasa ebudiriro anosanganisira: kuronga zvokuchengetedza hupfumi; kutengeserana; kudzivirira nyika; uye matongerwo enyika. Muzinda weSADC uri muGaberone gutaguru reBotswana.

Nhengo dzesangano iri ndidzo dzinoti: Zimbabwe; Zambia; Mauritius; Seychelles; Madagascar; Angola; Namibia; South Africa; Mozambique; Democratic Republic of Congo; Malawi; Eswatini; Tanzania;Lesotho neBotswana. Nyika yeMadagascar yakambomiswa kuva nhengo yemukotsvanidzwa uyu mushure mokunge Andy Rajoelina abvuta zvechisimba chigaro chokuva mutungamiri wenyika. Nyika dziri murumana rweSADC *(SADC region)* dzine hugari hwevanhu mamiriyoni 277 vanogara munharaunda inoda kusvika mamiriyoni gumi eskweya rekiromita.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

Kune dzimwe nyika dzinogamuchira mitauro mizhinji pakushanda mumabasa, mitauro iyi inokwanisa kunyorwa iri miviri panotaurwa mazita emasangano. Kana nesuwo mukutaura zita resangano reSADC tinokwanisa kunyora sezvizvi:

* **Sangano reBudiriro kuChamhembe kweAfrica** - Southern Africa Development Community - **SBCA-SADC**.
Sangano reHutano Pasirose

Sangano reHutano Pasirose (World Health Organisation) ibazi reMubatanidzwa weNyika Pasirose rinoita mabasa anotsigira kuchengetedzwa kwehutano munyika dziri Pasirose.
Mubatanidzwa weNyika Pasirose

Sangano reMubatanidzwa weNyika Pasirose (nechirungu United Nations) **(MNP-UN)** isangano rinokotsvanidza nyika dziri pasirose; sangano iri rakaumbwa mugore 1945 zvichitevera kupera kweHondo yePasirose yeChipiri. Sangano iri rine zvinangwa zvina zvinoti: 

*Kuchengetedza runyararo Pasirose.

*Kukurudzira kuwadzana pakati pemarudzi nenyika pasirose.

*Kubatsira marudzi nenyika kushanda pamwechete nechinangwa chokupedza:hurombo; nzara; zvirwere; nekusadzidza, uye kururudzira kuremekedzana pakati pemarudzi nevanhu panhau dzine chokuita nekodzero dzevanhu nerusununguko rwevanhu.

*Kuva muzinda unoringanisa nokuyananisa mabasa anoitwa nemarudzi nenyika kuti vakunde pazvinangwa zviri pamusoro izvi. 

  

Muzinda weUnited Nations uri ku[[

.
Hondo yePasirose yeChipiri

Hondo yePasirose yeChipiri **(HP2)** (neChirungu: World War Two, WW2) kana kuti Hondo yaHitler  yaiva hondo dandiranyika yakarwiwa nenyika zhinji dzePasirose kuvamba mugore 1939 ichizopera mugore 1945. Hondo iyi yakarwiwa nehuzhinji hwenyika dziri pasirose, kusanganisira mhitsa dzehondo - *super-powers*. Pakuguma kwazvo kwakamuka mapoka enyika akabatana kurwa hondo aiti mawuto echikumbano *(allied forces)* nemawuto ezvikerema - *(axis forces)*, . Hakuna hondo pasirose yambotekeshera matunhu sehondo iyi, yakarwiwa nevarwi vemawuto vanosvika mamirioni zana (100 million) vaibva kunyika dzinodarika makumi matatu (30). Munguva iyi nyika dzakanga dziri muhondo dzakunga simba rose rehupumi, dzidzo yeScience, uye hushangazhi hwadzo kuti hushandire hondo iyi. Musiyano pakanga pasisina pakati pemawuto nevanhuwo zvavoakanga nokuti vose vakanga voita shishi nebamba rose kuti vatsigire nyika dzavo pakukunda hondo iyi.

Vanhu vazhinji vakafa muhondo iyi kusanganisira vazhinji verudzi rwaIsrael vakaurayiwa nemutongi godzonga (tyrant, dictator) ainzi Adolf Hitler muhuipi hunodanwa kunzi rushigido rwemaJudah - (*Holocaust*). Vanhu vakafa muhondo iyi vanofungidzirwa kusvika 50-70 miriyoni. Nhamba yevanhu vakafa iyi inoita kuti hondo iyi ive ndiyo hondo yakaipisa parufu rwevanhu munhoroondo yepasirose.

*Mawuto echikumbano, mawuto egumbano kana mawuto echinamatira (Allies or allied forces).
*Kukumbana (Form and maintain lasting friendship) apa kureva kumutsa hushamwari nekuramba muri pahushamwari.

## [[Zvombo zveShomwe]]

Apo Hondo yePasirose yeChipiri yanga yosvika pakupera kwakashandiswa zvombo zveshomwe zviviri, zvose zvakadonhedzwa  nendege dzemawuto eUnited States panyika yeJapan. Musi waAugust 6, 1945 bhomba rakasenga Uranium rakadhurwa kuJapan muguta reHiroshima. Mushure memazuva matatu bhomba rakasenga Plutonium rakadhuurwa kuJapan zvakare muguta reNagasaki. Zvombo zveshomwe zviviri izvi zvakauraya vanhu vanosvika chifo che 200,000 vakanga vakuvadzwa zvakaipisa nekudhuuka kwawo.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaVenda vanoti **pfano** (n. alliance).
Kuchaya mapoto

Shoko rokuti kuchaya mapoto (cohabitation kuChirungu) rinotaurwa kana vanhu vaviri munhurume nemunhukadzi vasina kuroorana pamberi patezvara vachigara pamwechete sokunge murume nemukadzi vakaroorana. Tsika yekuchaya mapoto inonyanya kuwanikwa kumadhorobha akadai seHarare uye inowanikwawo pakati pemaZimbabwe vakayambuka kunogara kumhiri kwemakungwa kunyika dzinosanganisira United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, neUnited States of America. 

## Tsika

Kugara nekugara varume vazhinji vanotya kuchengetana nemukadzi wavasina kuroora pamberi patezvara. Izvi vanotya kuzviita nokuti musi wokunzi mukadzi uyu afa kana kuti asangana netsaona ari  muakdzi anga achichaya mapoto murandu wacho unorpwa ipapo wakaoma. Kune nhau dzinotaurwa zhinji dzokuti tezvara vanoramba kuviga mwanasikana anga achibika mapoto kusvikira roora kana imwe mirandu yaripwa.

Varipo varumwe vanosvika pakutobereka mhuri dzichikura pasina roora rakaripwa kuna tezvara; zivi zvinhu zvinoshoresa zvikuru patsika dzevaShona. Musi wokuti murume ari kuchaya mapoto afa achisiya vana, zvinotarisirwa kuti mhuri yake kana vana vake ndivo vachazoripa mari yeroora kuroora mukadzi uyo akagara nehama yavo mushakabvu.

## Madambudziko ekuchaya mapoto

Madambudziko anosangana nevanhu vanochaya mapoto anosanganisira: 

*Kusagutsikana zvikurusei kumukadzi anenge asina kuroorwa pamberi pevabereki nehama dzaka sezvinoitwa vamwe vanhukadzi vokwedu; 
*Kushungurudzwa kwevanhukadzi vari mudzimba dziri kuitwa zvekuchaya mapoto vachishaya wokuzvikudza kana kwekupotera;
*Kusasununguka pakufambidzana nehama zvikurusei hama dzinotarisira kuti roora ringe rakaripwa vanhu vasati vagara vose setsika dzedu; 
*Vana vanokura vasingazive hama dzevabereki vavo zvikurusei hama dzekwaMai nokuda kwekusafambidzana kwakasununguka; 
*Uye matambudziko anyorwa pamusoro ekuwomerwa nokushaya masvikiro kwatezvara pamusi wokunge mumwe wevaviri vari kuchaya mapoto afa kana kuti arwara.
*mudzimai anenge akashoreka mumhuri uye anenge achigara achingofunga kuti dai ndaroorwawo sevamwe

## Mapoto mhiri kwemakungwa

Tsaika yekuchaya mapoto inowanikwawo pakati pevanhu maZimbabwe vakayambuka kunogara mhiri kwemakungwa; kuita izvi kunova nyore nokuti ikoko kure kazhinji kunenge kusina maziso evabereki kana vehama vanozviona kuti vatsiure kana hanzvadzi inonzi inochengera. Kunyika dziri kumavirira tsika yekuchaya mapoto yakatekeshera pakati pezvizvarwa zveko; vamwe vekwedu vanosvika vachipinda mutsika dzenyika idzodzi. 

Kunoti vanochaya mapoto vari maZimbabwe pachavo kwoitawo vamwe vanochaya mapoto nemarudzi mamwe akauya kunyika idzi kana marudzi ezvizvarwa zveko kunyika idzi. Matambudziko anoita kuti vamwe vagumisidze vagara mukuchaya mapoto anosanganisira:

*Kusayemura runako rwetsika nemagariro edu anoti musikana akafanirwa kubisirwa roora asati anogara pamurume;
*Kuna sokunge hupenyu hwaoma munhu ashaya chouviri chinoraramisa nokuti mabasa anenge achishaika kana kuti mabasa ari kushandwa anenge asingabhadhare zvakakwana.
ZAOGA

Kereke yeZAOGA muZimbabwe yakavambwa nasakuwana vanonzi Baba Ezekiel Guti avo vanotaura nhoroondo yokavamba Kereke iyi mushure mokunge vasangana nokutaura kwaMwari muguta reBindura. Kereke yeZaoga ndiyo yedzimwe hombe pakati pemaKereke akavambwa nevatema muZimbabwe. Pari zvino ZAOGA ine masangano munyika zhinji dziri mudunhu reSADC uye ine masangano munyika dziri kumavirira dzinosanganisira: United States of America; Canada; United Kingdom nedzimwewo.
Hondo yePasirose yeChiposhi

Hondo yePasirose yeChiposhi **(HP1)**, World War One **(WW1)** ihondo yakarwiwa neruzhinji rwenyika Pasirose yakawandira mudunhu reEurope kutanga musi wa 28 July 1914 kusvika 11 November 1918.
Mhitsa dzehondo

Mhitsa dzehondo kana kuti nyika dzine hondohuru (super powers kuChirungu) inyika dzine zvombo zvehondo nehunyanzvi hwekurwa hondo hwemhando yepamusoro hunodarika nyika dzose. Mhitsa dzehondo dzine zvombo zvemhando ye *nuclear*; nyika idzi dzinosanganisira United States of America neRussia.
Gumbo Madyirapazhe

Mazvita Gumbo Maita zvenyu sambiri Chaurura waGutu, Shava huru yaka pamba Gona Gara ramasango Chipauro chamafuta Chikodza mhandara vaidyira panze nekutya vayerashiri Godza muto mhuru inobva Gona Vezheve, Vanotova nedzevamwe. Rudzi urwu runozivikanwa nekuva nerudo uye kukara nyama. Vanonzi vana Chitova nedzevamwe nekuti madzitateguru avo aitora chero vakadzi vevanhu, rudzi rwacho kana rwada Mukadzi havanei nekuti akaroorwa here kana kwete, Zvinotoita sekuti vakadzi vevamwe ndivo vavanonyanya kuda
Hawa (nguva)

Hawa chiyero chinosandiswa kupima nguva; hawa imwe ine mamineti makumi matanhatu (60m) nemasekondi zviuru zvitatu nemazana matanhatu (3,600s). Hawa rinenge riri chikamu chimwe kubva mumakumi nemana chezuva (1/24). Hawa rinotaridza nevara **h** kana **hr**, sokuti mahawa maviri (2h). KuChishona zviri nyore kungoshandisa **h** sezvizvi 10h kureva mahawa gumi. Vamwe vatauri vanokwanisawo kutaura nokunyora vachiti awa
Baba Jukwa

Baba Jukwa izita remadunhurirwa rinoshandiswa pamagwaro ezve matongerwo enyika ari kunyorwa padandirautande - *internet*.  Magwaro anonyorwa naBaba Jukwa akanangana nekufumura mabasa ehuwori akaitika, ari kuitika, neaari kurongwa kuitwa  munyika yeZimbabwe.  Baba Jukwa vanonyanya kunyorera boka riri papeji yeFacebook.  Kune vanhu vanodarika 300,000 vanovashanyira paboka iri apo pavakavarura peji ravo rine zita irori rokuti Baba Jukwa. Hazvizivikanwe kuti Baba Jukwa munhu mumwechete here kana kuti chikwata chevanhu, uye hazvizivikanwe kuti vanonyora vari muZimbabwe here kana kuti kunze kwenyika. Mukutarisa musiyano wemanyorero ezvinotaridwa papeji yaBaba Jukwa, kune fungidziro yokuti Baba Jukwa havasiri munhu mumwechete asi chikwata chevanhu vanobatirana pabasa iri.

## Huchapupu hwaBaba Jukwa

*Baba Jukwa vanonyora vachipupura kuti ivo inhengo yebato reZanu-PF. Mukutaura kwavo Baba Jukwa vanoti ivo vatove nhengo yakapanduka kubva kubato iri asi moyo wavo uchiri mariri kuti rimutsiridzwe nokuparadza huwori huri mukati maro.

*Baba Jukwa vanotaridza kuti vane ruzivo pamusoro peSangano reChenjedzo yeZimbabwe kana kuti *Central Intelligence Organisation*, muchidimbu **(SCZ-CIO)**. Pane imwe nguva Baba Jukwa vakaburitsa mazita evanhu vanonzi inhengo dzeSangano iri pamwe nenhamba dzavo dzenhare, nenyembe dzavakashongedzwa muSangano iri. Izvi zvinopawo pfungwa yokuti pamwe Baba Jukwa inhengo yeSangano iri kana akamboshandamo ane shamwari dzichirimo dzinomupa humbowo hwezviri kuitika.

*Baba Jukwa vanotaura zvinhu zvavanoti zvichangobva kuitika; izvi zvoda kuonesa kuti Baba Jukwa munhu ari pedyo nevakuru veZanu-PF uye pedyo neSangano reChenjedzo yeZimbabwe.

*Zvimwe zvakafemburwa naBaba Jukwa zvinonzi zvakazoitika zvinosanganisira: tsaona yemugwagwa yaDzikamai Mavhaire; rufu rwaEdward Chindori Chininga uye kubviswa kwemapurisa aichengetedza pamba paGideon Gono.

*Baba Jukwa havanyore zvizhinji pamusoro penhoroondo yeHondo yeChimurenga saka hazvizivikanwe kuti mumwe wevanhu vakarwa muhondo iyi here. Vanonyora kunyanya zvine chekuita nevatungamiri vachiri kurarama.
Grace Mugabe

Grace Mugabe kana kuti Grace Marufu mukadzi wechipiri waRobert Mugabe; vaviri ava vakachata vose mugore 1996 kuchikoro cheKutama  College kwaZvimba.

Grace Mugabe akambenge akaroorwa naStanley Goreraza vari vaviri vakazvara mwanakomana anonzi Russell Goreraza Uyo Stanley Goreraza  aimbova mutyairi wendege dzechiuto, akazenge ave kushanda kuhofisi dzemumiriri weZimbabwe kuChina achishanda sejinda rezvekudzivirira nyika. 

Zvinonzi mudzimai uyu akanga mabharani waVaMugabe, vaviri ava ndokubva vadanana, vari vose vakazvara vana vaviri vanoti dangwe Bona Mugabe kuchizotevera Robert Mugabe mudoko. Muchato wemakuwerere wakazotevara mugore 1996 mushure mokusaya kwavahosi Sally Hayfron Mugabe; vaMugabe vakatora Joachim Chissano semuperekedzi mukuru. Gotwe ravo Chatunga Mugabe akazvarwa gore 1997.
Hugari hwevanhu

Muchidzidzo cheTaranyika, hugari hwevanhu (population) ishoko rinoreva huhwandu hwevanhu vanogara munzvimbo iri kutaurwa nezvayo. Someunzaniso, guta reHarare rine hugari hwevanhu mamiriyoni 2,8 zvichitevedza manhamba akaburitswa mugore ra 2006.

MuZimbabwe vanhu vanosiverengwa mushure memakore gumi (10). Saka nhoroondo yokuverengwa kwevanhu inoti izvi zvakaitwa mukakore 1982, 1992, 2002. Kuverengwa kwevanhu kunotevera kuri kutarisirwa mugore ra 2012. Chirongwa ichi chinotungamirwa neCentral Statistics Office.

Tsinhano yeHugari mazwi Ari kushandiswa pachinyorwa chino kuturikira chinonzi **population density** kuEnglish, inodudzirwa sehuwandu hwevanhu vanogara munharaunda yeskweya rekiromita. MuAfrica nyika dzine **tsinhano yehugari** yakaderera dzinosanganisira Botswana neNamibia.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Dekenye zvinoreva huwandu hwevanhu vazhinjisa.
*Dekenyera revanhu: (vast multitude of people, generally spectators). Dekenyera revanhu: mass
*Matekeshe (Act of spreading out (e.g. herd of cattle). 2. Very large number of people or animals spread out over an area. Apa kureva kupararira kana kutekeshera.
Hushavi

Shoko rokuti hushavi (trade, occupation or profession, to sell, barter) rinoreva humhizha, hunyanzvi kana mabhindauko anoitwa nevanhu kuti vawane chouviri chinovararamisa ivo nemhuri dzavo. Kana munhu ari murimi wenzungu irori basa ndiro rinenge riri iro hushavi hwake.

Pano shoko rekuti hushavi kana kushava harisi kutaura zvemashave kwete asi riri kutaura mabasa ekubata kwemaoko kana kushandisa huchenjeri anoitwa nevanhu vachitengesa zvibereko zvekushanda kwavo uye nguva yavo.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Kushava (to sell, to barter).
*Shavo (1. Merchandise, 2. Goods that are available for sale) apa kureva zvinhu kana nhumbi dziri kutengeswa.
*Muzvinashavo (Merchant) apa kureva munhu anotengesa zvinhu.
*Kushavara (to have enough, be well).
*Kusunza kana kushuzha (to barter grain) zvichireva kutenga kwete nemari asi nezvirimwa.
*Chikovero (Place where men of a big village meet to prosecute their crafts (e.g. fashion arrows, make spear-heads, etc).
*Kubinduka kureva kushanda zvisina zororo.
*Binduko (n. occupation). Tarisai izwi rokuti **ocipinduko** riri kumutauro weUmbundu rakanyorwa zasi kwegwaro rino.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Kushavana (trading together) zvoreva kutengeserana.

## Tsumo

*Cheshavo yemombe huonerana. Cattle sales require both parties to see (the beast).
*Shavo meso. Sales involve your eyes. 
*Nhandanyadzi neshavo. It is not shameful if one who has something asks for something.
*Madzinganyadzi kukumbira uine shavo. It is not shameful to ask for something of one who has it.*
*Cheshavo mwene wayo.The price of any article for sale depends o the trader.
*Chomushambadzi chinozara tsvina. A trader's article is bound to get dirty.
*Chomutengesi chinozara tsvina. A trader's article is bound to get dirty.* c!
*Shavo imbonekwi. An article (for sale) has to be seen. 

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaVenda vanoti **vhushavi** (n. trade) apa kureva hushavi. Mamwe mazwi: **mushavhi** (n. trader) kureva mushavi.
*Mururimi rweUmbundu vanoti **ombilo** kana **ocipinduko** (occupation) kureva basa rinoshandwa kana binduko remunhu.
*VaLenje vanoti **sunsha** (barter, bargain; offer for sale, sell) kureva kusunza.
Kutsanangura zveMishando

Hunyanzvi, 
Hushavi
Godzi
Kudavada
Bhindauko
Mhizha, 
bamba
mugwazo
kumuka, kukotoka
bundutso
shasha
buwa
maduro
mushininga
kurayiridza
njodzi
Tsaona
Muridzi Mwene vene

Nyanzvi

Kudavada

kushongedza

zvishongo

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Umbundu inoti ocipinduko (n. Business) kureva bhindauko.
Muridzi

Muridzi, tewe kana mwene zvinoreva munhu ane chinhu chinonzi ndechake pamberi pomutemo. Munhu anokwanisa kuva muridzi wechinhu kuburikidza nokunge akachitenga, kupihwa, kugara nhaka, kana kuchishandira. Pahuwandu vanenge vonzi varidzi. KuChiNdau vanoti mune, kududza muridzi.

Mamwe mashoko anoreva muridzi ndiwo anoti mwene kana vene pahuwandu. Shoko rokuti muzvina rinoshandiswawo, asi iri rinoreva uyo anoshandisa chiro chiri kurehwa, anokwanisa kuva iye mwene wacho kana akabata chete anochishandisa. Sokuti muzvinapembe anokwanisa kune ari kuridza pembe isiri yake. Tine mufungo mumwechete muzvinabhizinisi anokwanisa kunge ariye maneja mukuru anotungamira bhizinizi rine varidzi varo, asi iye ndiye ane hudaviri pamusoro paro. Izwi rokuti kuzvina rinoreva kudzana (to dance) kuChiNdau.

*Mungwariri (one who watches over; the one in charge; keeper of facility).

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Tenzi (master, lord) kureva muridzi webasa riripo kana muridzi wemhuka. 
*Imbwa iyi inotevera tenzi wayo kwese kwaanoenda.
*Kabi inozia mune wayo, nembongoro chidziyo chatenzi wayo; asi Isuraeri aazii, vanhu vangu avazwisisi: An ox knows its owner and a donkey its master’s feeding trough. But Israel doesn’t know; my people don’t behave intelligently. (*Isaiah 1:3*,Bhaibheri reChiNdau).
*One's very own - changu pauzima, changu paganda.
*....  echipetuka kumhatso yechipiri yevakadzi, **yaingwarirwa** ndiShaashigazi...  (*Esther 2:14*, Bhaibheri reChiNdau).
*....Hegai muthenwa wamambo mungwariri wevakadzi. (*Esther 2:15*, Bhaibheri reChiNdau).
*.... Andizii, ndini mungwariri womunun'una wangu here?: I don’t know; am I my brother’s guardian? (*Genesis 4:9*,Bhaibheri reChiNdau).

## Tsumo

*Chinokura choga isango munda kukura huona tewe. What grows alone is a forest, a field grows when it sees its master. 
*Chedahunha chiri kumusoni. What happens to a kaross is up to the owner.
*Kusiri kwako masango. A place other than yours is bush-veld. 

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Lenje vanoti **mwine, mwini** kana **wene** (owner, possessor) vachireva mwene. Kabwa vanoti **omwene** (n. owner) kureva mwene. 
*Kikuyu vanoti **muene** (n. possessor) kureva mwene. Kimbundu vanoti **muene** (owner), kureva mwene.
*Chewa vanoti **mwene** (self, self-same, genuine, owner, owning). Sokuti **mfumu mwene** (the chief himself). 
*VaYao vanoti **mwenya** (master; lord; owner) kureva mwene.
*Herero vanoti **omuini** (own; owner). Mamwe mazwi: **ou-ini** (n. property). **ovityuma** (n. goods; effects).
*Sangho vanoti mveni (similarly, oneself, personally). Sangho inoti **mveni** (n. owner; self - [reflexive]).
*Umbundu vanoti **umwini** kana **umwene** (owner). Digo vanoti **mwenye** (owner), kureva mwene. VaNyakyusa vanoti **mwene** (self). 
*VaManda vanoti **mukola** (owner) kureva mwene. Chuabo inoti **muliba** (owner) kureva **mwene**. 
*VaTonga vanoti **mwadimunzi** (head of village) kureva samusha. Mamwe mazwi: **mudimunda** (owner of garden), mwene wemunda. **Mudimugutu** (owner of sheep ram) kureva mwene wegotora.