Rupande

Muchidzidzo Masvomhu, shoko rokuti **Rupande ** (fraction in English) rinoreva chikamu kubva pane chinhu mhumburu. Rupande  kana rwanyorwa rwunotaura kuti pari kuhwerengedzwa zvikamu zvakaenzana zvingani. Sokuti mapande matatu emana (3/4), Rupande  rumwe rwemaviri (1/2), mapande mana emasere (4/7). Pakunyora kwakapfupiswa tichati 4/7 inonyorwa ichingonzi mana-pausere.

Rupande  njee rwakafanana nekuti 1/2, 8/5, 4/7 chakaumbwa chiine nhamba izere pamusoro nenhamba izere pasi. Nhamba yepamusoro inonzi mberengi, iyi nhamba ndiyo inotaura kuti pane zvikamu zvingani zvakaenzana. Nhamba yepasi inonzi chirevazita, iyi nhamba inotaura kuti chinhu chizere (mhumburu) chakaumbwa nezvikamu zvakaenzana zvingani.

## Kupiwa kwemazita

*Shoko reEnglish rokuti **denominator** rinoreva **that which gives a name** - kuChishona kwapiwa zita rokuti chirevazita - apa tichirevera kuti ndicho chakabata zita rezvikamu zvakaenzana zviri kuverengwa. Paya panonzi *four-tenths* kuEnglish kureva kuti chiro mhumburu chakakamurwa muzvikamu gumi zvakaenzana - apa **chirevazita** igumi rezvikamu zvakaenzana. 
*Saka nhamba yepasi peRupande ndiyo inodudza kuti chiro mhumburu chakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvingani zvakaenzana. 
*Shoko reEnglish rokuti **numerator** rinoreva **that which is counted or the counter** - saka kuChishona kwapiwa zita rokuti mberengi - apa kurevera kuti nhamba iyi ndiyo inodudza kuti zvikamu zviri kuverengwa. Paya panonzi **four-sevenths** kuEnglish kureva kuti mapande mana emasere zvakaenzana ndzvo zviri kucherechedzwa.
*Saka nhamba yepamusoro peRupande ndiyo inoverenga kuti tiri kutaura pamusoro pezvikamu zvingani kubva pane zvikamu zvose zvakaumba mhumburu.
*Shoko rokuti Rupande  njee rinofanana nerekuti *common fraction* kuEnglish. Shoko rokuti njee rinoreva *common* kuEnglish.

## Mhando dzeRupande

**Rupande  njee nemhando dzacho**

Rupande  njee inhamba yakanyorwa sezvinoti **a/b**. Apa *a na b* dzinenge dziri nhamba dzizere; **a** anonzi mberengi, **b** anonzi chirevazita. Mberengi inotaura kuti pane zvikamu zvakaenzanz zvingani. chirevazita chinotiudza kuti pane zvikamu zvingani zvakaenzana zvinoumba chizere chose uye hachifanirwe kuva zero. Pamuenzaniso 7/3 uye 5/9, mutsetse uri pakati penhamba mbiri unonzi mutsetse weRupande - *fractional line*.

Rupande  njee chine mhando mbiri dzinoti Rupande rwakafanira uye Rupande rusakafanira. 

*Rupande rwakafanira rune mberengi diki pane chirevazita. Nokumwe kutaura Rupande rwakafanira runofanirwa kuva nehuhombe huri pasi pana 1 (imwe), kureva kuti rupande  urwu rune huhombe huri pakati pa 1 na -1. Mberengi nechirevazita zvinofanirwa kunge zvakakura kudarika zero. 
*Rupande rwakafanira ndicho chinonzi **proper fraction** kuEnglish.
*Rupande rusakafanira chine mberengi yakakura hombe kudarika chirevazita. 
*Rupande rusakafanira ndicho chinonzi **improper fraction** kuEnglish.

## [[Rupande Rwakavhengana]]

Rupande rwakavhengana chinowanikwa panowedzaniswa nhamba izere neRupande rwakafanira; apa nhamba izere inenge isiri zero. Somuenzaniso kana kuchitaurwa makeke maviri pamwe nehafu yekeke inonyorwa ichinzi 2+\tfrac{1}{2}=2\tfrac{1}{2}.

*Rupande rwakavhengana ndiro rinonzi **mixed fraction** kuEnglish

Rupande  rwakavhengana imwe nzira yokunyora nhamba mhumburu ichiwedzaniswa neRupande rwakafanira. Rupande  rwakavhengana runokwanisa kushandurwa kuva Rupande rusakafanira nenzira inotevera:

1. Nyora Rupande  rwakavhengana sesvomhu; sokuti 2\tfrac{3}{4} yoshandurwa kuva 2+\tfrac{3}{4}.

2. Shandura nhamba izere ive Rupande rusakafanira ruine chirevazita chakaenzana nedivi rine Rupande rwakafanira, \tfrac{8}{4}+\tfrac{3}{4}.

3. Wedzanisa mapande maviri aya. Hwerengedzo inowanikwa ipapa inenge iri Rupande rusakafanira. Pamuenzaniso wapiwa, 2\tfrac{3}{4}=\tfrac{11}{4}.

Zvinogonanwo kuti Rupande rusakafanira rushandurwe kuva Rupande rwakavhengana nenzira inotevera:

1. Gova mberengi nechirevazita. Pamusenzaniso uri pano, \tfrac{11}{4}, gova 11 na 4. 11 ÷ 4 = 2 uye pane musarirwa 3.

2. Mungani (pasina musarirwa) ndiyo nhamba inotaridza divi rine nhamba izere paRupande  rwakavhengana. Musarirwa ndiwo unova mberengi padivi rine Rupande rwakafanira. Pamuenzaniso wedu, 2 ndiye nhamba izere, 3 ndiye mberengi padivi rine Rupande rwakafanira.

3. chirevazita chitsva chakaenzana nechirevazita cheRupande rusakafanira. Pamuenzaniso chirevazita ndi 4. Saka \tfrac{11}{4} =2\tfrac{3}{4}.

Rupande rwakavhengana runogona kuva nhamba yakademera (negative number in English), sezvizvi -2\tfrac{3}{4}, zvichibva zvaenzana sezvizvi  -(2+\tfrac{3}{4}) = -2-\tfrac{3}{4}.

**Zvokucherechedza**

* Chiri kunzi **musarirwa** pano ndicho chinonzi *remainder* kuEnglish.
* Chiri kunzi mungani pano ndicho chinonzi *quotient* kuEnglish. Shoko rokuti *quotient rinoreva how many times*.

\
## Rupande  rweMuravanegumi

Shoko rokuti Rupande rweMuravanegumi riri kuturikira inonzi *decimal fraction* kuEnglish. Tarisai chinyorwa chinonzi Rupande rweMuravanegumi.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Chibimvu (A part) zvimwechete neRupande .
*Rupande (a portion, piece of anything broken, a chip of wood). Pakuwanda kwonzi mapande kana mhande.
**Ruth:3*, .... Echinongeredza kudaro wakaguma kurupande rwomunda waBoaz: She happened to be in the **part** of the field that belonged to Boaz (kubva muBhaibheri reChiNdau).

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaChewa vanoti **pande** kana **mapande** (a small part of the whole) kureva rupande. VaMaconde vanoti **shipande** (n. piece; part).
*VaSwahili neVaGiryama vanoti **upande** kana **pande** (n. part) kureva chikamu. VaSwahili vanoti **kipande** kana **vipande** (Part) kureva chikamu.
*VaLenje vanoti **chipande** (piece; part). VaBemba vanoti **cipande** (n. part, piece) kureva rupande.
*VaGungu vanoti **bibiri bya kasatu** (n. two thirds) kureva zvikamu zviviri pazvitatu.