Maperembudzi

**Maperembudzi** kana **mapere**, ayo anozivikanwawo nokuti **Hansen's disease** (**HD**), utachiona hwenguva yakareba hunokonzerwa nebhakiteria *[[Mycobacterium leprae]]* uye *[[Mycobacterium lepromatosis]]*. Pakutanga, hapana zviratidzo zveutachiona uye izvi zvinowanzoramba zvakadaro kwemakore 5 kusvika 20. Zviratidzo zvinozobuda zvinosanganisira kubumba munzvimbo dzemanevhi, munofamba nemhepo yokufema, muganda, uye mumaziso. Izvi zvinogona kuguma munhu asisanzwe kurwadziwa zvoita kuti arasikirwe nemicheto yemuviri pamusana pekuramba achikuvara kana kukanganiswa neutachiona asi iye asinganzwi kuti ava nemaronda. Zvinogona kuitikawo kuti munhu ashaye simba kana kutadza kuona zvakanaka.

Maperembudzi anotapuriranwa muvanhu. Zvinodavirwa kuti izvi zvinoitika pakukosora kana pakugunzva mvura dzemumhino yemunhu ane utachiona. Maperembudzi anonyanya kuitika kuvaya vanogara muurombo uye zvinodavirwa kuti anoparadzirwa netumadonhwe twemvura inobuda pakufema. Kusiyana nezvagara zvichifungidzirwa, maperembudzi haasi chirwere chinonyanya kutapukira. Mhando mbiri dzechirwere ichi dzinosiyaniswa nekuwanda kwemabhakiteria anenge aripo: kune mhando yepaucibacillary neyemultibacillary. Mhando mbiri dzacho dzinosiyaniswa nekuti pane makamba mangani eruvara rusina kunyatsonaka, eganda risisanzwi kurwadza, paucibacillary iine mashanu kana mashoma uye multibacillary iine anodarika mashanu. Zvinozonyatsonzi munhu ane chirwere chacho kana ganda rake rikatorwa robva rawanika riine bhakiteriya bhakiteriya rinoramba kuchinjwa ruvara neacid  kana kuti atariswa DNA pachishandiswa nzira yepolymerase chain reaction.

Maperembudzi anorapika pachishandiswa mibatanidzwa yemishonga kana kuti pachirungu multidrug therapy (MDT) Kana ari maperembudzi epaucibacillary, panoshandiswa mushonga wedapsone newerifampicin kwemwedzi mitanhatu. Kana ari maperembudzi emultibacillary panoshandiswa werifampicin, dapsone, neweclofazimine kwemwedzi 12. Nzira idzi dzokurapa dzinoitwa mahara neWorld Health Organization. Mimwewo mishonga inouraya utachiona (antibiotics) inogona kushandiswa. Muna 2012, vanokwana 189,000 vaiva nechirwere ichi chenguva refu zvichireva kuti vakanga vadzikira kubva pamamiriyoni 5.2 vekuma1980. Vakabatwa kekutanga nechirwere chacho vaiva 230,000. Vakawanda vevakabatwa kekutanga ndevemunyika dzinokwana 16, uye vanodarika hafu yavo vari vokuIndia. Mumakore 20 adarika, vanhu vanokwana mamiriyoni 16 pasi rose vakarapwa chirwere chemaperembudzi. Vanokwana 200 vanobatwa nechirwere ichi pagore muUnited States.

Vanhu vatambudzwa nemaperembudzi kwezviuru zvemakore. Zita rechirwere ichi rinobva pashoko rechiLatin rokuti *lepra*, kureva "kuva nemakamba", asi rokuti "Hansen's disease" richibva pane rachiremba Gerhard Armauer Hansen. Zvokuchengeta varwere mumisha yevane maperembudzi kwavanenge vari kwavo vega zvichiri kuitwa munzvimbo dzakadai seIndia, China, nomuAfrica. Asi misha yevane maperembudzi yakawanda yakatovharwa sezvo chirwere chemaperembudzi chisinganyanyotapukire. Kusarurwa nevamwe kwevarwere ndiyo nyaya hombe kubva kare, uye izvi ndizvo zvinotadzisa vanenge vabatwa nechirwere chacho kubuda pachena vorapwa nguva ichiripo. Mashoko okuti "une maperembudzi" anogona kugumbura vamwe. Zuva Repasi Rose Remaperembudzi rakatangwa muna 1954 kuitira kuti vaya vane chirwere ichi vafungwewo nezvavo.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaMaconde vanoti **chipele** (n. rash) vachireva rhashi. VaWabo vanoti **pele** (n. scabies). 
*VaZigula vanoti **uhele** (n. a skin rash). Vanoisa h patinoisa p kuChiShona.
*Bavili vanoti **beelë** (v. to be sick) kureva kurwara. VaLamba inoti **impele** (n. Sores, skin eruption).
*Lubwisi vanoti buhele, kahele (n. Scabies) kureva mapere. Vanoisa h pamwe patinoisa p.

## Kunowanika mamwe mashoko