ChiShona

**Chishona** (kana *Chistandadhi Shona*, **Chivanhu**), mutauro (uye boka remitauro) weChibantu inowanikwa kuChamhembe che Afurika munyika dzinosanganisa Zimbabwe kwairi mutauro wechihofisi uye wo, Mozambiki, Zambia, Afurika Chamhembe ne Bhotswana. Chishona chinemitauro zhinji iripedyo nayo uye nimtauro nyina inosanganisa Chindau, Chikorekore, Chikaranga, Chimanyika, Chibuja (Chibudya), Chitewe, Chitawara (Chitavara). Zvakadaro zvakafanira kuti tionesane kuti kune vamwe vatauri vasingafare kuti vanzi vari muboka remutauro weChishona - ivava vanoona mitauro yavo semitauro yakazvimirira yoga isiri pasi peChishona.

Chishona chinehukama huri pedyo ne Chikalanga, Chivhenda ne Chinambya nokuda kwokuti mitauro yaitarwa ne vanhu vaive (uye vachiine) hukama huri pedyo.

N'wadhi renganonyorwa rekutanga rakanyorwa mugore ra1957 naSolomon Mutswairo rinonzi Feso. 

Vanhu vakaronga kuti Chishona chive chinonyoreka ndiClement Doke naGeorge Glynn Fortune.

Kune kusa wirirana kwemanyorerwo emutauro weChishona zvichibva pakuti vatauri vazhinji vari kutadza kubvuma kuvake kwemashoko madiki akaita sekunge anotevera aya: ku, pa, ma, va, aka, zvichingo daro. Zvakafanana nekuvapo kwemashoko anenge *I, of, is, for* paChirungu. Semuenzaniso, ndima yechipiri kubva kumusoro yaifanira kunyorwa ichiti, "Zvakadaro zvava kufanira kuti tiwonesane kuti kune vamwe vatauri".

Tika kwanisa kunyora tichidai zvinoitanyore kunevanodaka kunyora zvose nekusikamapurogiramu kana svofutiwari kana maAphu ekuturukira mutauro wedu weChishona.

## Bumbiro remabhi eChivanhu
Bumbiro remabhi eChishona (kana Chivanhu) rine mapoka maviri ezvinyoreswa, **Zvinzvovera** kana **Mavaramwana** (nge. *vowels*) ne **[[Nzvanyira|Zvinzvanyira]]** kana **Mavaramai** (nge. *consonants*). Mubumbiro remabhi eChishona mune zvinzvovera zvishanu (5) ne zvinzvovera zvikumimasere-nembiri (82), pasingasanganiswi matarabhi . Somuenzaniso, 「Dh-」 inzvanyira rakazvimirira, asi 「Dhw-」  itarabhi rinovumbwa kubva pana 「Dh-」. Nokudaro, panoverengerwa 「Dh-」 sechinzvanyira, 「Dhw-」  hariverengerwe nekuti harisi nzvanyia rakazvimirira rineruzha rwaro pacharo, nokuti rinosanganisa zvinzvanyira zva 「Dh-」 na 「W-」uye rinogona kuumbwa nedzimwe nzira).

### Tafura ye Mabhi eChivanhu

#### Zvinzvovera
Zvinzvovera zve Chishona zvishanu basi, mukunyorwa pachitodzwa Umbamukeruro ichatsanangurwa pachikamu che zvinzvanyira, pane zvirakidzo zvinoshandiswa kurakidza zvinzvovera. Panonyorwa zvinzvovera kaviri panechirakidzo chinozivisa munyori nemuverengi kuti nzvovera ranyorwa richaverengwa kaviri, chiratidzo ichi chakapuwa zita rokuti ibhidurika. Semuenzaniso, 「-e-」 inzvovera rakazvimirira, pakunyorwa muChishona zvinzvovera hazvishanduriki kunyangwe zvikanyorwa zvichitevedzerana, senge「-ee-」 . Sokudaro, panonyorwa ne Umbamukeruro yakasikirwa Chishona panoshandiswa chiturikwa chinoiswa kurakidza kuti nzvovera ririkurebeswa / kutaurwa kaviri: **ë** = **ee**.

#### Zvinzvanyira
Tafura yepazasi iyi inotovedzera Umbamukeruro ye Chivanhu yakagadzirwa asi isiri yechihofisi, umbamukeruro irikutevedzerwa inopatsanura Chivanhu ne zvinzvovera uye nezvinzvanyira zvayo sezvinogaro itwa. Asi, inosiyana nekeruro ye Chiratini inoshandiswa pakuti yakadzidza Chivanhu nokuronga keruro yekunyoresa inonanganisana nemabhii anonzwiwa muChivanhu sezvakaita mimwe mitauro yepasirose. 
Keruro iyi, inoronga zvinzvanyira kutevedzera manzwi anotoodzerana senge 「Ch-」na 「J-」zvichidaro, manzwi iwayo anodanwa sokunzi mabhiihwaro, nokuti zvimwe zvivarwa zvemabhii anoumbwa achisanganisa mabhihwaro ne mabhiidurika, sengekuti 「Ch- 」na 「W-」zvinovumba 「Chw- 」. Apa Ch- ibhihwaro, W- ibhidurika, chakakosha kuranganira kuti Mabhihwaro ne Mabhidurika zvinzvanyira, asi zvimwe zvinonyorwa sechivarwa chizere zvimwe zvichiwedzerwa sechiturikwa senge kudai: **ph = p̄.** P ibhihwaro -h ndibhidurika, bhihwaro rinonyorwa, asi bhidurika rinoratidzwa nechivara chekuturika. 
Patafura yepazasi, zvose mabhihwaro ne mabhidurika acharatidzwa nokuti pano parikungotaura nezvekeruro yamazuvaose yeChivanhu asi ichinyorwa kutodza mutandira weumbamukeruro yatsanangurwa pamusoro.

Pamusoro peizvo, mamwe mabhi anonyorwa nezvirakidzo, senge mabhi anoridzwa senge zv-, sv-, dzv- zvichidaro, anezvirakidzo zvinowedzerwa kurakidzwa kuti mabhi ekuridza.

### Keruro ye Chiratini

Mabhii eRatini akagadziridzwa kuStandadhi Shona anoratidzaka se zviri pazasi:

#### Tsananguro ye mitauro.
Standadhi Shona hayina *C*', **L**, **X''ne ''Q**, ***nekuti yakaumbwa nemabhi echiZezuru***. **C**, **X'' uye Q mumitauro ye Bhandu inozivikanwa semabhii e Kudzvanya, uye muStandadhi Shona kudzvanya kunoonekera zvakareuruka muzvinzvanyira zvakaita sa **D**. Zvakadaro, rangarirai kuti kunyangwe hazvo zvinzvanyirwa zvataugwa nezvazvo zvisingawanikwe muStandadhi Shona zvirimo mumimwe mitauro ye Shona, senge chiNdau, Chikorekore uye Chikaranga. Chimanyika uye Chizezuru ndiwo mitauro viri yeChishona isina zvinzvanyira C, X na Q.

=== Ndau, Karanga, Korekore ===
Mukunyora [[Chindau]], [[Chikaranga]] ne [[ChiKorekore|Chikorekore]] chinoshandisa mabhi anoshandiswa ku Standadhi Shona kunyangwe achinzwika zvakasiyana. Chishona chese chinodaro futi, pakazhinji mataurirwo eshoko anogona kusiyana nemanyorerwo aro nekuti hapana nzira yekusiyanisa. Muenzano, zvinzvanyira zvakaita sa: 

* b na bh, d na dh, m na mh, mb na mbh, n' na n'h, ny na ny' 

ne mamwe wo anokwanisa kusiyanaswa, asi 

* h na hh, nd na ndh, ng na ngh, k na kh, p na ph, t na th, r na rh (dzimwe nguva)

haakwanise kusiyaniswa kunyangwe pakutauro inzwi dzakasiyaniswa.

==== Mabhi e Chindau ====
<sup>''Tarisai peji re: [[Vandau]] uye [[Chindau]]''</sup>

Mandau vanhu veChishona, vane hukama huri pedyo ne Samanyika uye Vakaranga, munhoorondo yavo zvinozivikanwa kuti Vandau vakasvikirwa ne MaGaza Nguni, vamwe vaka tandanidzwa vamwe vakagarisana navo. Pakugarisana Vandau vapedzisira vane mazita eChinguni, nekuda kweizvi mabhi anenge ''L'', ''C'', ''X'' na Q anowanikwa muChindau zvishoma mu''girama'' asi pakazhinji anowanikwa mumazita avo. Muchindau munhu anonzi ''munthu'' kana ''mundu''.<blockquote>Mabhi anowanikwa muChindau asiri muChistandadhi shona: 

* kh khw, gq ngq, h hh, ch chh, nt, nth, rh rhy, q qh, x xh, hl hlw, nhl, nx nc nq ndhl, dhl, mhl mp ml, </blockquote>

==== Mabhi e Chikaranga ====
Mumitauronyina ye Chikaranga L anowanikwa uye anoshandiswa achipesaniswa na R. Senge kurima/kulima kana kulisa/kurisa.

Uyezve hl, dhl na tl vanoshandiswa zve. 

* ''Kutyisa'' mumimwe mitauronyinsa anotaurwa sa ''kutlisa'', 
* ''Kudya'' kunonzi ''kudhla'' 

<blockquote>Mazwi anowanikwa muChikaranga ne mitauro nyina asingawanikwe muChistandadhi shona:

* l lw, hl hlw, dhl, tl, ndl, mbg bg, nt ndy ndyw, mp</blockquote>

== Mabhii ekudhara ==
Shona yakamboshandisa Keruro yeChiarabhu.

=== Keruro ye Chiarabhu. ===
Rangarirai kuti Shona haicha shandisi Keruro yeChiarabhu, yaishandiswa kudhara uye zvaisava kwenguva yakareba.<gallery>
File:Arabic-script.png|Keruro ye Chiarabhu
File:Arabic-script 28.png|Keruro ye Chiarabhu
File:Document in Kiswahili - Arabic alphabet - AfricaMuseum.jpg|Kushandiswa kweKeruro yeChiarabhu chakanyorwa muChiswahiri.
File:Utenzi wa Hirqal (MS 45022a).png|Kushandiswa kweKeruro yeChiarabhu muChiswahiri.
</gallery>Chishona chakafanana neChiswahiri saka mabhii acho aka fanana, uye mamwe mashoko acho akafanana ([[Vaswahili|Vaswahiri]] vanoti ***ng'ombe*** uye Isu tinoti ***n'ombe*** tese tichireva ''cow''). Nekuti mabhii emitauro iyi akafanana mabhii eSwahiri eChiarabhu anogona kushandiswa semuenzaniso wemabhii eChishona muChiarabhu.

=== Keruro ye Chiratini ===
Kubva muna 1931 kusvika 1955, Chishona chakabatanidzwa yakanyorwa iine mabhii akagadzirwa na muzvinafundo Purofesa/Pwafesa Clement Martyn Doke. Izvi zvaisanganisira tsamba dzinotevera:

: ɓ (b ane haka),
: ɗ (d ane haka),
: ŋ (n ane gumbo),
: ȿ (s ane muskwe weswashi),
: ʋ (v ane haka),
: ɀ (z ane muskwe weswashi).






== Mitauro ye Chibantu ==
*[[MaZulu]] vanoti **intshonalanga** (n. The west. Lit.  where the sun sets. **Shona''' + Ilanga).

## <small>Mabviro eruzivo</small>