open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Dunzvi (Muzinda)

Shoko rokuti dunzvi (messenger at a function) rinoreva munhu angava murume kana mukadzi ari kushanda semutumwa zvikurusei parufu. Dunzvi anoita mabasa anosanganisira:

*Kufambisa mashoko pakawungana vanhu achiva ndiye anoshevedzera achitaurira vanhu hurongwa huri kutevera pane zvaanenge audzwa nevari kutungamira zvirongwa.

*Anofambisa mashoko pakati pevanyarikani sezvakaita mhuri dzevanhu vakaroorerana.

*Panogovewa mbatya dzomufi dunzvi ndiye anoshandiswa kusumudza nhumbi achinogachidza kwaanenge arairwa kuti agachidze. Apa panowanza kubatwa nematunzvi wechirume zvose newechikadzi.

Nokutaura kuri pamusoro dunzvi anoshanda achibata nokutaura pane zvaanenge atumwa; haasiri iye muridzi wezvirongwa asi mutumwa chete. Kazhinji basa rokuva dunzvi rinopiwa kumuzukuru mukuru pamusha zvichienderanawo nokukura kana kukosha kwebasa riri kubatwa uye makore okuzvarwa omuzukuru mukuru pamusha.  Imwe nguva kana muzukuru mukuru pamusha atove sekuru wevazukuru anokwanisa kupira mabasa madiki kuvani'ina vake.

Kune mamwe matunhu dunzvi anodaidzwa kunzi munyayi zvikurusei kana pari panhau dzokuroorerana.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaChewa vanoti **mtenga** (a messenger, a go-between in the settling of a mlandu or dispute).
Kudzadzambidza

Kudzadzambidza (1. To attempt, 2. To try) zvichireva kuedza kuita chinhu.

Dzadzambidzwa kana madzadzambidzwa (Attempt).

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Kuveza handichakwanisa zvakanaka, asi ndinombodzadzambidza. I am no longer much good at carving, but I will make an attempt.
Kuterama

Izwi rokuti kuterama riri kushandiswa pano kutaura kuva nepfungwa kana murangariro wakanaka pamusoro penhau iri mudariro - **being positive** kuEnglish.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Kuteramisa (settle an affair finally - I think in the sense of decide on or determine or to set or to fix).
*Kuteramisa (to be peaceful, calm). 
*Kuterama (to be flat, level, to be honest). Kuteramisa.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Psalm 107:29 Wakanyaradza dutu guru nemafungu egungwa akaterama.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaNyakyusa vanoti **telama** (be or become low). Mamwe mazwi: **telamika** (v. lower). VaKongo vanoti **ntelama** (attitude, posture, a standing).
*VaSwahili vanoti **mteremo**, **miteremo**, **nderemo** (joy, happiness; cheerfulness, contentment, comfort; light-heartedness, freedom from care; amusement).
*VaSwahili vanoti **terema** (be carefree, cheerful, happy). Mazwi Anotodzana: **teremesha**  (1. make someone carefree/ happy. 2. receive someone hospitably).
*VaMambwe vanoti **-tekanya** (to be calm, quiet, patient, attentive; to control oneself) vachireva kudekama.
Kuduka

*Kuduka Uchipfuurira (to go through).
*Kuduka paChidukiro (take shelter for a short time).

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Duka (take shelter for a short time). Fanoduka pano. Take shelter here for a short time.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaGanda vanoti **kidukiro** (refuge; a place of refuge).
Kuringana

Pano pakaunganidzwa mashoko anoreva zvimwe nokuringana uye kupirikirwa kwawo kuEnglish.

*Zvakaringana (being adequate; ample) zvichireva kukwana kana kukwanirana.
*Zvakaringana (Applicable) kuchirehwa zvafanirana.
*Kusa ringana (being deficient, insufficient) zvichitaura kusakwana kana kusakwanirana.
*Zvaringana (Enough) kureva kuti zvakwana, ndipo chaipo pazvasvika.
*Zvakaringana (fit, suited, suit).

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Kukodzera (to fit, suit, be becoming to) zvichireva kuringana.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Swahili inoti **linga** (make equal or harmonious, adapt, accommodate). Swahili inoti **lingana** (suit, match; be similar; harmonize, agree).
*VaSwahili vanoti **mlinganyo** (math equation). Swahili inoti **linganisha** kana **linganya** (compare; effect agreement or harmony). 
*Swahili vanoti **mlingano** (1, resemblance, similarity, 2. harmony, unison, 3, geom. symmetry, 4. math, equation).
*Chewa neMambwe vanoti **linga** (to measure, to weigh). Vanobva vati kulingana (to be equal, to compare). 
*Yao vanoti **mlingo** (a measure) kureva chipimo. Giryama vanoti **kuringanya** (adapt, to fit, to cut). 
*Mambwe inoti **-linganya** (to make equal, fit, adapt; to level, make even). Mamwe mazwi **-lingwa** (to be measured; to hold so many measures).
*Xitsonga vanoti **ringanisa** kana **tekelela** (v. adapt) kureva kuringanisa.
Kudzemberera

Kudzengerera kana kudzemberera (Circle purposefully). 

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaLozi vanoti **zembelela** (v.t. to hove-rover towards in order to attack .e.g. hawk) 
*VaLozi vanoti **zembelela** (fig. to walk about amusing people, in order to be given some-thing).
Hupamhi

Hwasha kana hupamhi (width) zvinoreva mufaruka kwakaita divi diki rechinhu. 

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Kufaruka (width). 
*Hufanzu kana hufaru (breadth, width) zvichireva kufaruka kwechinhu.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaLenje vanoti **wuamba** kana **wamba** (width, breath, extent, spread) kureva hupamhi kana hwasha. Sangho vanoti kota (adj. wide, thick, broad).
*Herero vanoti **ou-paranga** (broadness). VaHerero vanoti **omuvero omuparanga** (a wide, large door). Mamwe mazwi: **paranga**, **-para**, **-vare**, **okuvare**  (broad, wide, immense, extended).
*Herero vanoti **ondyira ombaparanga** (a broad, wide road). Mamwe mazwi: **otyirongo otyiparanga** (a wide, extended place). VaVenda vanoti **vhuphara** (n. width)
*VaHerero vanoti **otyirongo** (place, a prepared habitable place, farm, pasture, a piece of ground). Mamwe mazwi: **otyirongo otyikuvare** (a wide, extended place, a spacious).
*Maconde inoti **kwandaula** (v. to widen). Maconde inoti **shakwandauka** (n. wide). Gbeya vanoti fara (n. place). Tsuvadi inoti hwashi (wide) kureva hupamhi.
Mutandira weZuva

Muzvidzidzo zvinoti: taranyika; jekanyika; fundoyetsimba, Mutandira weZuva (Solar System), rinobatanidza zuva nezvindeya zvinopoterera nemaboterekwa akatenderera zuva. 

Idzi ndidzo nyeredzi dzine maboterekwa anopoterera zuva ratinoona rinobuda nokuvira panyika yatigere. Zvindeya izvi zvinoramba zviri mumaboterekwa iwaya nokuda kwefosi inokonzerwa negunganidzo rezuva inova inokweva zvindeya izvi kune zuva.
Chitendeso

Mazwi okuti chitendeso kana rutendo ari kushandiswa kutaura chitendero chemunhu chaanodaira kwachiri achitevedza saicho chinotonga sarudzo dzaanoita muhupenyu hwake.

*Kugondeka (faithfulness) apa zvichireva kutendeka - iri izwi rinotaurwa kuChiNdau.
*Dendeso kana tendeso (cause for belief) zvichireva icho chinosaka utende.
*Nhendedzero (superstition; pretence belief) kureva kutenda kusina kurevesa, kungava kwehunyengeri kana kutenda zvinhu zvisina idi mazviri zvemanyepo.
*Mutendi kureva munhu ane rutendo - anganzi zvakare ane rudaviro kana rubvumiro.
*Kunyunyuta (to doubt) zvichireva kutsutsumwa kana kururumwa.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaWanga vanoti **omwisikwa** (adj. trustworthy; faithful; reliable) vachireva munhu akatendeka. Ko Rusike?
*VaWanga vanoti **omwitsikhulu** (grandchild) vachireva muzukuru.
Chuma

**Chuma** (ku Chingezi: bead) kana **Shambo** chinhu chidiki, chekushongedza chinoumbwa mumhando dzakasiyana uye saizi yechinhu chakadai sedombo, bhonzo, goko, girazi, pwastiki, huni kana parera uye ine gomba diki rekusunga kana tambo.

## Mutsika dzeVashona

Chuma chinoshandiswa panguva yekuroorwa, vakadzi vanoipfeka pahuro. Pamusoro pezvo chuma chinopfekwa mumaoko, mumakumbo, pahuma, mumusoro uye muchiuno nehudyu.

Chinyorwa chino chiri kuunganidza mashoko anoreva chuma kana zvirukwa zvine chuma.

*Chuma (*small beads*),
*Chimhote kana mukanda (waist beads; gedho (g*irdle*), dumwa (*sash*) kana bhande rechuma rinopfekwa nevakadzi). Kune zita remhuri rinonzi Muganda.
*Chinhowe kana chuma chekiwani (pink/rose-coloured bead).
*Ruzuma  (chuma chidiki diki),
*Rundanyara (chuma kana chishongo chinoiswa pahuma (across forehead) kana runaro; tsungare, rusore.
*Chamugo (stringed to tuft of hair).
*Mukonde (geridho ye zvuma (*girdle of beads*).  
*Hadza?? (large string of beads).
*Chipete (sewn in a circle, for head-dress)
*Nanda (sewn zigazag) kana nhanda.
*Chinyamungwari (Beads sewn on in lozenge (rhombic) pattern. 
*Mhanda (Large bead). Zvichida ndipo panobva zita rokuti Chimhanda?

File:Wrists adorned with beads.jpg|Chuma che chiningoningoni (wrists beads)
File:Waist beads.jpg|Chuma chechiuno
File:Roze ketting van gemarmerde kunststofkralen, objectnr 76270.JPG|Chuma chehuro 
File:Hand made necklace with beads.jpg|Chuma 


## Mamwe Mazwi

*Kutunga Chuma (tp string beads together) zvinoreva kuruka chuma.
*Chuma chiswita (n. Pink beads).
*Mundende wechuma (n. Bunch of beads).

## Mitauro yeBantu

*MaZulu vanoti **amadube** (n. Beadwork with different coloured stripes running horizontally) kureva chuma chine mitsetse inotevedza tambo.
*Baila vanoti **kutunga** (to pierce as when sewing thatch on), kutunga rwodzi pakupfirira imba. 
*Baila vanoti **kutunga** (to thread a needle, to thread beads) kutunga tsono kana kutunga chuma.
*VaKwere vanoti **usalu** (n. beads) kureva chuma. 
*Chuwabo vanoti **zango** kana **mazango** (n. beads) vachireva chuma.
*VaWanga vanoti **eshuma** (string of beads; sometimes used of a single bead) vachireva chuma.
*Nsenga vanoti **cuma** (n. property, effects) vachireva pfuma
Dandadzi

*Dandadzi (convalescent person).
*Dandadzi, matandadzi kana dandemutande (Spider's web, Cobweb) apa zvichireva utandande kana dandadzira. 
*Dandadzi (General name for climbing and twining forest plant).
*Dandadzi (Weak vision), Harahwa iyo ine dandadzi: that old man cannot see a distant object.
Gurunera raMaslow

Gurunera raMaslow kuturikirwa kwegwaro rakanyorwa nemurume anonzi Abraham Maslow rinonzi **Maslow's Hierachy of Needs** kuChingezi. Gwaro iri  rinotaura pamusoro pezvinhu zvakakosha zvinokwashiwa nevanhu pakurarama kwavo, ichidudzira hukoshi hwezvinhu izvi zvichienderana nedanho rasvikwa nemunhu pahupenyu hwake. Saka gwaro raMaslow rinotaura pamusoro pekutanhikidwa kwezvinhu zvakakomba zvinokwashiwa nevanhu - apa kureva kuti kune matanho akasiyana ezvikombe izvi. Shoko rokuti gurunera  riri kushandiswa kuturikira chinonzi *hierarchy* kuChingezi chinova gwaro rinodudza kutevedzana kwakaita vanhu kana zvinhu nemwero wehukuru hwavo kana hukoshi - mawuto, nzanga, masangano, hurumende zvose zvine gurunera  hunodudza kuti munhu nemunhu chinzvimbo chake ndechipi, ndiyani mukuru wake uye vadiki kwaari ndevapi.

Shoko rokuti gurunera  riri kushandiswa pano kuturikira **hierachy**. Saka pano matanho ehukuru kana hukoshi hwezvinhu ari kuonekwa segurunera. Pfungwa yatevedzwa ndiyo iri pamazwi anoti: gurudadi, gururunda; gurusvusvu; gurumwandira.

### Gurunera raMaslow

.

Gurunera raMaslow rinobata zvinhu zvinosanganisira:

*Ruambamuta (Physiological) zvinhu zvinodiwa nemuviri zvinosanganisira: mweya wekufema; zvokudya; zvokunwa; imba yokugara; bonde uye kurara hope.
*Ndaramo (Safety) inobata nhau dzinosanganisira: rugare; rudekaro; mutemo; rugadzikano; kuchengetedzeka kwenzvimbo nevanhu.
*Rudo neHukama (Love and Belonging) kuva nemhuri; kuva nevanokuda; kuva nevaunoshandidzana navo.
*Ruremekedzo (Esteem) ruchisanganisira: ruremekedzo panzvimbo dzokushanda kana muruwa matinogara; kuva nezita rakanaka muvanhu.
*Ruwonekero (Self-Actualization) zvinobata nhau dzinosanganisira: kusimukira pahupenyu uye kugutsikana nehupenyu hwako.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

Pane mazwi akakosha pakutsanangura magwaro akanyorwa naMaslow; aya mazwimawunganidzwa pano kuti azoshandiswa mberi.

*Kuda
*Kupanga (to desire).
*Zvipangwa kana mbangwa (needs) apa kureva zvinhu zvatinopanga muhupenyu zvakadai sekudya. Kana chiri chimwe toti chipangwa.
*Mapangiro (strong desire) zvichireva rudiso.
*Kusumba
*Kushava
*Kuvinga (to want, to wish for).
**Kudinga
*Kushuva.
*Kukwasha (Search, look for) - zvinoreva kutsvaka. 
## Mitauro ye Chibanthu

*Herero vanoti **otyi-vangua** (n. desideratum - something wanted or needed). Swahili vanoti **matakwa** kana **kutaka** (Need) kureva zvipangwa.
*Noni vanoti **shiee** (n. 1. need, 2. want, 3. wish, 4. desire, 5. reason for doing something, 6. interest). Mamwe mazwi: **shieele** (v. 1. need, 2. want, 3. require, 4. wish, 5. desire, 6. interest, 7. search for).
*Sangho vanoti kota (big, large, enormous, important, superior) kureva huru. Ko tikati ukotabuwa kana ukotaguru kuturikira hierarchy? Apa buwa zvichireva boka.
Mupimbira

Mupimbira, mupimbiri kana mupambare (shin-bone) chikamu chegumbo chinobva patsoka kusvika pabvi icho chiri divi rakadzivana netsapfu.

## Mitauro yebantu

*VaNyungwe  vanoti **mphimbili** (n. shin) kureva mupimbiri.
*VaFwe vanoti **n-gwengwe** (n. ankle).
*Sangho inoti **pambo** (n. flat; panel).
Zevezeve

Kuita zevezeve, kuita kateketeke kana kuita nyewe-nyewe (whisper). Zvichida ndipo panobva zita rokuti Manyewe?

## Tsumo

*Zevezeve chirevo. A whisper is a spoken word.
*Katekete chirevo. A little whisper is a word.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Nsenga vanoti **kawelewele** (n. whisper) kureva kazevezeve.
Chiwumbiko

Muchidzidzo chePimanyika, chiwumbiko kana shepi (Shape; figure) chinoonekwa muganhu wacho, chine mupimo unodudza kukura kwachakaita. Chiumbwa inogona kunge ine nzenda imwe, nzenda mbiri kana nzenda nhatu. Nokumwe kutaura tinagti chiumbiko - *structure*.

Muchidzidzo chePimanyika, chiumbwa dzinosanganisira: mutsetse, munyonya, mutsendo iyo inokwanisa kushandiswa kutsanangudza dzimwe mhando dzechiumbwa dzisiri nyore kutsangudza. Zvuimbwa zvinotaurwa zvanyanya zvinowanikwa muchinyorwa Pimanyika.

## Mamwe Mazwi

Kuwumba (v. mould, form).

Form (i.e body) muturu; mugomu??.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaHerero vanoti **omu-tungo** (n. form) vachireva chiwumbiko. VaHerero vanoti **tungua** (p.p. formed) vachireva chakawumbwa.
*VaHerero vanoti **otyi-tungua** (n. something built, constructed, fabrication, structure) vachireva chiwumbwa.
*VaGiryama vanoti **kuumbwa kwe-** (form of person etc). VaZigula vanoti **umbo** (n. form, shape of human being).
*Mang'anja vanoti **mpunga wa tupi lina** - rice of a different colour, also shape.
*VaKongo vanoti **mpwa** (Form (shape, appearance); style; sort; Species; quality, description, form, shape, pattern).
Gora (Shiri)

**Gora** kana godzi (*Vulture* in English) ishiri huru inogara musango inowanikwa muZimbabwe. Gora ishiri inodya nyama inotevera zvinenge zvasiyiwa nezvikara zvesango pamapfupa emhuka dzinenge dzaurayiwa. Kana shumba; dindingwe; nembada zvapedza basa razvo magora anoswedera pedyo achidya zvasara.
Magora anodya chero chafa chega.

Shiri iyi ine muromo wakapinza zvokukwanisa kubvarura dehwe remhuka.

## Tsumo

*Godzi paakadya nhiyo haapakanganwi. Where a hawk has eaten a chick it does not forget. 

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*VaNyungwe vanoti **gola** (n. vulture) kureva gora.
*VaMaconde vanoti **shipuungu** (n. vulture). 
*Dinka vanoti göör (search, want; hover (of bird searching for food).
Chakata

**Chakata** (Chirungu: mobola plum; Chindebele: umkhuna) muchero unowanikwa kubva pa**muchakata** (*parinari curatellifolia*), muti unogara uri wezerere unotonhorera muAfurika, unowanikwa munzvimbo dzemhando dzakasiyana, kazhinji dzinowanikwa munzvimbo dzisina kunyoroveswa uye mukati menzvimbo dziri pakati (dzakanyorowa-nekuoma). Chakata inozivikanwa sekuti *mmupudu* (nevatauri veChitswana muChamhembe cheAfurika), chakata inoonekwa semuchero unonaka uye unoita kuti muti usaregedzwe pano paradzwa nzvimbo munguva yekurima.

Govore (mash of chakata fruit).

## Ratidziko

Huruku yemuchakata idiki ichisvika wepakati, muti wakasvibira une mumbirwo inotia senge yehowa.

Maruva anomera pamuchakata aneruvara ruri pakati pechena nekiwani, uye madiki muhuruku, iwo *macalces* uye madzinde akafukidzwa mune rakakora mvere dzemakwai, dzakaita ngura.

Muchero uyu unotsvakwa zvakanyanya uye miti yacho inowanzo kusiiwa yakamira kana nzvimbo dzehuni dzacheneswa, zvichiita kuti dzive chinhu chinoonekera mumigwagwa iri mudunhu repamusoro.

## Zvimwe zvekuziva
Muchakata unokura mu*woodland* yakashama, muivhu rine jecha rakawanda (*sandy soil*), uye kukwira kwerenji (*altitude range*) yayo inosvika 980-2200m.

Muchakata unowanzo tanga kumera maruva mumwedzi waChikunguru kusvika mumwedzi waGumiguru. Unogovevwa pasirose kubva kuSenegawu kusvika kuKenya, uye kuChamhembe kuenda kuBhotswana, Zimbabwe nekuEswatini.

Munyika yeZimbabwe, muchakata wakagovevwa kubva kumaodzanyemba, chamhembe, madokero, mabvazuva uye nepakati penyika.

## Mamwe mazita
Hacha (chakata); Muhacha (muti wechakata; muchakata)

Buni (chakata); Mubuni (muti wechakata; muchakata)

Isha (chakata); Muisha (muti wechakata; muchakata)

MuChindebele muchakata unonzi **Umkhuna**

Asi, mobola, chakata ne mmupundu ndiwo mazita anowanzo shandiswa.

Kunyangwe Vachewa vanoshandisa izwi rekuti 'Mpundu' rinoshaniswa neVatswana.

## Mazwi ashandiswa

* Hupangu muSainzi (*classification in science*) 
* Muvuso kubva kuizwi rechishona rekuti Muvuso (*Kingdom; state*)
* Bazu (*clade*)
* Raya (*order*)
* Mhuri (family)
* Jinasi (genus)
* Rudzi (species)

## Tsumo

*Tinotenda maruva tadya chakata.
*Chakata kutsvukira hunzi ndipotserwe. The chakata fruit. ripening on the tree says, "Throw at me."
*Made echakata kutsvukira mumuti kuti ndiposherwe. It is the trick of a chakata fruit to ripen (while still) on the tree so that it can be thrown at.

## Mabviro eruzivo
Kupangura

*Kupangura (force way into) kureva kupazura kana kupazanura.
*Kupangura (go right into).
*Kupangura (intrude).
*Kupangura (Make a way) kupasura.

*Kune mazita emhuri dzinonzi Chipangura, Mupanguri kana Kapangura.

## Mazwi eBantu

*VaKongo vanoti **bangula** (v. to take to pieces, pull down, destroy, demolish, lay open, make plain, clear, disclose, divulge as a secret). Izwi iri rinodudza zvimwe nokuti figure out muEnglish.
*VaHerero vanoti **pangura** (divide, sever, cut, rend) kureva kugura.
*VaHerero vanoti **pangura** (discriminate, make a distinction).
Kupanga

**Kupanga** zvinoreva sezviri pazasi:

### Zviito
*Kudokwaira (kupanga) (crave, desire, to long for) zvichireva kudokwaira, kuvinga, chidaka-daka, kudonyongoka.
*kudomba (kupanga) (desire food) kuva nenhomba.
*kushuvirira (long for, yearn) kushuva kana kushuvira, kudakarira, chidokwa-dokwa.
*kuchiva (lust, desire) kuvinga, kuva nemwoyo kushuvira.
*Kupanga (to order, to command) apa zvichireva kuraira zvokuita kana zvakafanirwa kuitwa. Izwi iri rinotaurwa nemutowo uyu kuChiNdau.
*Kupanga Mazano (form a plan; advise, to counsel) apa zvichireva kupa mazano nechinangwa chokuti basa riripo rirongeke zvakanaka.
*kudinga - kana kuvinga, kureva kuda chinhu nekuti haukwanisi kurarama  kana kurarama zvinogutsikana kana usinacho.

### Mazita
*Kupanga sezita (n. a family name).

## Mitauro ye Chibanthu

*VaChewa, VaYao VaGanda neVaLenje vanoti **kupanga** (build; to make do; fabricate, create, to devise, to set up; to pile; to assemble) kureva kuvaka kana kuwumba. 
*VaGwere neVaLugungu vanoti **kupanga** (v. arrange, organise, align, queue or line up; put such that in a certain order or arrangement).
*VaLenje neVaHerero vanoti **panga** (make, used of constructive work of any kind, construct, put together, build, contrive, Join, fix, stick, fasten together).
*VaZigula vanoti **kupanga** (v. divide; distribute; separate; arrange in order; plan; planning).
*VaSwahili vanoti **panga** (1. put in order, line up, set up, arrange; 2. fig., liter.: compose, write (a book, poem). 3. form, conclude. 3. classify, organize).
*VaSwahili vanoti **jipanga** (put one- self in position, straighten oneself up). Mamwe Mazwi: **pangilia** (set up in rows/lines, set out e.g. plants).
Mafuta eKuzora

Mafuta ekuzora (lotion, petroleum jelly) anoshandiswa paganda kuti: risawomarara, kuti ripfavirire uye mamwe anoita kuti rinhuwirire.

*Kuzora (rub on ointment) zvichireva kuzodza mafuta. 
*Kunyarira, kunyanga;  kupoma; kutsvetera; kupomera (rub on softly).

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Zigula inoti **kuhaka** (applying, apply on/to; smearing, smear, spread). Sokuti: **Sihakwa mavuta mo uso** (Oil has been applied to my face).
*Zigula inoti **kuhaka rangi** (painting, paint; coloring, color). Mamwe mazwi: **kuhakirwa** (be applied for; be applied in/to/with).
*Zigula inoti **kuhakigwa** (be applied). Mamwe mazwi: **kuhakwa** (be applied). VaGungu vanoti **kuhoma** (v. plaster -apply mud or cement) vachireva kupoma.
*Zigula vanoisa **h** pamwe panoiswa **p** kuShona. Sangho inoti **bela** (coating, anointing; coat, anoint).
Kutonga

*Kutonga Nyika kana kuvusa (to rule or govern) zvichireva kuva mubati mukuru wenzvimbo kana kuva bato guru renzvimbo.
*Kutonga Mhosva (to judge, decide a case) zvichireva kugamuchira humbowo hwemhaka nekududzira kuti pakaparwa mhosva here.
*Chiri Kutonga (to be prominent, leading) zvichitaurwa pamusoro pechinhu chiri kutungamira panguvayo maringe nezvinhu zvinoshaviwa nevanhu. Sokuti mazuvano ane mari ndiye ari kutonga.

## Mazwi eBantu

*VaNyungwe vanoti **-tonga** (v. govern; judge) kureva kutonga. VaNyungwe vanoti **-tongesa** (v. judge) kureva kutonga mhosva.
*VaKabwa vanoti **-tunga** (rule over a certain area) kureva kutonga. Kimbundu vanoti **kutonga** (handle, manage, manipulate, sway).
*Kinyarwanda inoti **iteko** (rule). Mamwe mazwi: **gutegeka** (to rule; govern). **Ubutegetsi** (to rule; govern).
*MaZulu vanoti **umgwebi** (Judge, magistrate, one who passes judgement). Mamwe mazwi: **isigwebi** (Decision, judgement).
*Kikuyu inoti **kotonga** (v. to prosper; be well off; rich). Mamwe mazwi: **otongi** (n. prosperity).
Chivizhe

**Chivizhe** izita remhuri rinowanikwa muZimbabwe. 

**Chivizhe** (one who inteferes in talking)?? Kukamukira, kubizha (to intefere).

*Vanhu vane zita iri: **Tinaye Chivizhe, Takunda Chivizhe**.

## Mitauro yeBantu

Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeChiBantu, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. Chinangwa ndechekutsvaga zvinoreva mazita, zvikurusei kana mazita aya asisiri kutaurwa mumutauro wemazuva ano.

*MaZulu vanoti **bije** (ideophone 1. of penetrating or piercing deeply a soft object, 2. of being engrossed, involved (in an affair) ; of being sucked into a bog).
Muruko weMukotsvanidzwa

Mazwi okuti Muruko weMukotsvanidzwa kana utunganidzwa (synthetic material) ari kushandiswa pano kureva chiro chakarukwa kana kugadzirwa nokubatanidzwa kwezvinhu zvakashandwa nemunhu. Chiro kana chine muruko wemukotsvanidzwa kureva kuti chimiro chacho hachiwanikwe pakati  pezvisikwa asi chinenge chashandurwa nokubatanidzwa kwezviro zvakasikwa zvinenge zvavandudzwa nevanhu. 

Izwi reChirungu rinoti *synthetic* rinoreva **put together or placed together**. Izwi rokuti kukotsvanidza rinoreva kuunganidza pamwe zvinhu zvakasiyana - **to gather together different things**.

KuChiShona shoko rokuti kukosa rinoreva kurukanisa tambo mbiri dzemakavi. Tambo idzi dzinomonwa dzichipuruzirwa nechanza pagumbo remuruki, ruwoko rwuya parunodzokera shure dzobva dzamonana kuita tambo imwe inonzi mukosi. Kukosanidzwa kungaitwa zvimwe zviro hakuitwe nemutowo uyu asi chakakosha pano kuti zvinhu zviviri zvakasiyana zvinogumisidza zvava chiro chimwechete.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Donje harina muruko wemukotsvanidzwa nokuti donje rinokohwewa mumunda ringori shinda yakangosikwa yakadaro iri shinda. Chinozoitwa nevanhu kuti varuke machira edonje, kupatsanura donje kubva kumbeu yaro, nekukosa donje riya kugadzira shinda refu.  

*Asi **nylon** imhando yeshinda yatingati shinda yemukotsvanidzwa nokuti hakuna shinda yakasikwa iri nylon. **Nylon** inowanikwa panoshandwa kana kuvandudzwa mafutarubwe (petroleum) anocherwa kubva pakati pemabwe ari pasi pevhu kana mugungwa.

*Kune mishonga yokurapa inowanikwa muzvisikwa inenge ichibva kumakwenzi akasiyana siyana mimwe inodyiwa yakadaro riri shizha kana mudzi wegwenzi. Kunoitawo mimwe mishonga inokohwehwa kubva pamakwenzi ichizokombodzwa kuitwa mapiritsi. Mimwewo mishonga inenge iri mukotsvanidzwa wakagadzirwa nevanhu pasina chinotorwa kubva kumakwenzi.

Kuti pazotaurwa muruko wemukotsvanidzwa nguva zhinji kunenge kune chimwe chiro chemhando iri kucherechedzwa chinowanikwa chakasikwa chakangodaro; saka apa panenge pava kuda kusiyaniswa pakati peicho chakaumbwa nebamba revanhu, neicho chinowanikwa kubva muzvisikwa.

***Rubber** mumwe muenzaniso wechiro chine muruko wemukotsvanidzwa uye boka rezvinokohwewa kubva kuzvisikwa.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaHerero vanoti **omu-tungo** (n. form) vachireva chiwumbiko.
*VaHerero vanoti **tungua** (p.p. formed; fashioned) vachireva chakawumbwa.
*VaHerero vanoti **otyi-tungua** (n. something built, constructed, fabrication) vachireva chiwumbwa.
*VaHerero vanoti **tunga onyungu** (to make a pot) vachireva kuumba hari.
*VaDigo vanoti **kutunga** kana **tunga** (to put together, to arrange, to compose).
*VaDigo vanoti **tengeza** (to make, to construct, to repair). Ko tikati mutengezanwa zvinorevei?
Bendekete

*Bendekete (shoulder).
*Bendekete (ideophone of sitting with arms and legs crossed (an attitude of respect). 2. M of Following path).
Dendera (rekumonereka)

Muzvidzidzo zvinotevera: fundoyetsimba; nemasvomhu, dendera kana kupotereka (rotation, revolution) izwi rinoshandiswa kutsanangudza kana chiumbwa chichipoterera akiso (axis), zvikuru sei kana akiso iri kunze kwechiumbwa ichochi. 

Muenzaniso kufamba kunoita nyika muboterero mainotenderera ichipoterera zuva. Dendera rinoguma kuverengwa paratangira kuverengwa. Sokuti nyika inoita dendera ichipoterera zuva kamwe (1) pagore.
Dzvatsvatsva

Dzvatsvatsva kana nyarutanda (Jerrymunglum) kapuka kemhando ye buwe (spider) kane makumbo masere(eight). Kanomhanya mhanya kwese kwese kachitsvaga chikafu. Mhando yechipuka ichi hayina huturu ende inoda kufambira murima asi inoruma zvinorwadza.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Dandira, dandadzi; dandadzira mutandira; mutandiro kana dandemutande (cobweb).
*Kutandira kana kutanda  (spin as of spider) zvichireva kuruka dandadzi sezvinoita dzvatsvatsva. Vamwe vanoti kutandidza.
*Kutandira (Enclose with rope or wire) zvichireva kukomberedza netambo kana waya.
*Kutandira kana kutanda  (climb as creeper plants do).
*Mutandiro (enclosure inside of net for game).

## Mitauro yeBantu

*BaKalanga vanoti ludandi (spider's web) kureva dandadzi. Yangben vanoti **mà≠làlà** (n. spider's web) kureva dandadzira.
*VaZigula vanoti **kutanda** (spread out, spreading out). Sokuti **Nkhunde zitanda** - (the beans have spread out) - bhinzi dzatandira.
*VaLuba vanoti **mitanda** (spiders) vachireva nyarutanda.
*MaZulu vanoti **ulwebu, ubulembu** kana **ululembu** (n. Spider's web). Muenzaniso: **ulwe6u lolwembu** (web of spider) kureva dandemutande.
*Nsenga vanoti **gungu** (n. spider, scorpion). Mamwe mazwi: **vugungu** (n. cobweb).
*Lubwisi vanoti mbambaali (n. Spider) kureva dzvatsvatsva.
Chituta Ndove

Chituta Ndove imhando yechipembenene chinounganidza ndove sechidyo chayo. Chituta ndove chinokwanisa kuunganidza ndove inorema kakapetwa ka 250 kudarika icho. Ndove iyi inowumbanidzwa kuita zvibhora zvinozoshaniswa sechikafu kana nzvimbo yekuberekera. Zvimwe zvituta ndove zvinofushira ndove ipapo painenge yawanikwa. 

Zvituta ndove zvinokura kureba 3 cm uye hupamhi 2 cm.

## Zvimwe Zvipembenene

*Demwe
*Ziriri
*Chikuhuhu
*Dundira
*Gutaguta
*Nyangari kana nyangariro
*Nyenze kana nyezhe.
*Ndere (edible).
*Nharara, chipembenene
*Chikumbwe 
*Harurwa.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*MaZulu vanoti **thuthaza** (n. 1. Scavenger, dustman. 2. Rubbish cart. 3. Person who undertakes dirty work) vachireva munhu kana chinhu chinotuta tsvina kana kuita basa rine tsvina.
Kukuta

*Kukuta (surround) zvichireva kukomberedza kana kuita gute. Ndakaona baba vakakutwa navana vavo: I saw the father surrounded by his children.
*Kukuta (break up clods) zvichireva kupwanya mavhinga.

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Nyaneka inoti okukuta (v. tie, bind, fasten, band, attach).
Huruva

Huruva kana mhukutu (dust settled or suspended).

*Bukuta, mhukuta, mapukuta kana bvudze (Dust that has settled on a surface or a person). 
*Huruva kana guruva ( Dust in the air).

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Sunye kana unyiriri (fine dust of grain). 
*Mupfupfumidzwa (fine dust caused by weevil). 
*Kupfumburira huruva (make dusty) - kupfumbudza kana kupfumbura huruva. 
*Gwati kana gwande (dust-pan). 

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*NaMambo Mwari wakasika munhu ngebukuta remavhu, akafemera mumiro dzake mweya wokupona; nomunhu wakaita unopona. (*Genesis 2:7* muBhaibheri reChiNdau).

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Nyungwe vanoti **pfumbi** (n. dust) kureva huruva. Fananidzai nokuti kupfumbura huruva.
*Chewa vanoti **fumbi** (n. dust) kureva huruva. Sangho vanoti butu (n. dust).
*Digo vanoti **vumbi** kana **mavumbi** (n. dust) kureva huruva. Shambala inoti **luvumbi** (n. dust) kureva huruva.
*Sangho inoti **luba** (v. trouble; blur - make indistinct, muddle; confuse). Mamwe mazwi: **luba** (adj. disorder, blur).
Dzingo

Dzingo (affliction, hardship) zvichireva kutambura kana kuwomerwa nehupenyu.

*Nhamburiko (poverty, want).

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*Kuchikidza (cause to suffer).
*Chichiso kana dambudzo (cause of suffering) zvinotaura maitiro anokonzera kutambudzika kwevanhu.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaLozi vanoti **-zinga** (v.t. to embarrass, to puzzle, to perplex). VaLozi vanoti **zingo** (n. embarrassement, puzzlement, perplexity).
*VaMambwe vanoti **cice** (n. trouble, worry, suffering, affliction - physical or moral). Fananidzai nokuti chichiso.
*VaSwahili vanoti **kizingo**, **zingo** kana **mazingo** (turn, twist; rotation, revolution). VaSwahili vanoti **mazingiwa** kana **mazingo** (pl. siege; blockade).
*MaZulu vanoti **sika** (distress mentally) vachireva kushusha pfungwa. Sokuti: **Kuyasika kunina nxa 6eyiphatha ka6i ingane yakhe** ((It distresses the mother when they treat her child badly).
*MaZulu vanoti **ulusizi** (Mental pain ; grief, distress, affliction, sorrow, misery). Mamwe mazwi: **Nginosizi** (I am in trouble). **Ukuphathwa usizi** (to be seized with distress).
Kukamura

Chinyorwa chino chiri kuunganidza mazwi anoreva kukamura.

*Kukamura; kuganura; kugura ; kugova; kupambura (to divide). 
*Kukamukana (to go separate ways; to separate; to divide).
*Kugovanisa; divide amongst, - kukovaisa kana kuringanisa. 
*Kuravura; kupambazura; kusamhazura (divide from one another; to classify). 
*Kuguranya kana kuchekanya (divide into pieces). 
*Kupima doro (divide beer) apa kugovera kana kukota. 
*Kuparadzana; kupesana (be divided). 
*Mugoveri kana govere (divider). 
*Kupanda kana kupaura (to divide).
*Kupanda Mipanda (divide into rooms or groups).
*Kupandana (divide, go in different directions).
*Kupandanisa (divide; separate).
*Kupandana (Go apart, go in different directions) zvinoreva kuparadzana.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

* Ndinoda kuti ufumire kudanga remombe, undiravurire mhou nemhuru, ugoudza mufudzi kudzifudza paviri.
***Psalm 108:7** ....ndichadakara ndichapaura Shechem.
*Kukamura (Remove part from of something. Break into parts. Divide). Kamura upfumi hwako undipe umwe: divide your possessions and give me part of them.
*Kukamura (Take loose handful) zvichireva kunokora, 
*Kukamura (Nearly finish).  Takamura kurima: we have nearly finished ploughing. 
*Takamura sadza: we have nearly finished what there is to eat.

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Herero vanoti **pangurura, timbura** kana **tembura** (divide) kupatsanura. Mamwe mazwi: **paura** kana **yapura** (separate).
*MaZulu vanoti **isigamu** kana **izigamu** (Piece chopped or cut off; portion; anything cut short, stump.) kureva chikamu.
*MaZulu vanoti **umgamu** (1. interval of space, distance - as between towns; 2. Interval of time). Mamwe mazwi: **gamuka** (Get broken or cut off; come to a stop, cease; come to an end) kukamuka.
*Zigula vanoti **kukamka** (v. to fade) kureva kukamuka. Dinka inoti **kam, kaam, kɛm** (prep. between, among).
*Dinka inoti kaam (v. separate, be between) kureva kukamura. Mamwe mazwi: kam (n. time; distance; space) kureva nguva, nhambwe.
Kupopota

Chinyorwa chino chakaunganidza mazwi anoreva kupopota:

*Kurwa; kujejedana (chechetana); kuita gakava; kuita gangai; kupesana. (quarrel, fight).
*Kuita rukave; kutukana ; kuchenjezana; kutekesana; kupopongana; kupopotana (quarrel with words). 

*Kuva neziyambira kana kuvamba (seek a quarrel). Vemamwe matunhu vangati kuva neziyambira. Zvichida ndipo panobva zita rokuti Ziyambi? 
*Ruyambira (n. quarrelsomeness) zvinoreva kuva nemweya wekungopopota.
*Kutukana, nhatara, bope kana makovore.

## Mamwe Mazwi

Mashoko anoreva katsika kekupopota - quarrelsomeness: rusosera, rutaya, rutsida, ruyambira, chikungo. 
*Rukave, rutaya (strife, controversy, quarrelsomeness).

## Tsumo

*Mvura bvongodzeki ndiyo garani. Apa kureva - Zvinhu zvinotanga zvakaoma kana zvakagosha zvisati zvanaka. Rough and difficult times usually precede stable and peaceful times.
*Chigarisano ndicho chine mhosva. Acquaintance is the source of friction. 
*Chigarisano chinodana matukano. Acquaintance breeds quarreling. 
*Nharokadzi ihunza mhosva. 

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Swahili vanoti **gomba** (quarrel, squabble, wrangle; oppose, contradict; refuse. 2. go on a strike, strike). Mamwe mazwi: **gombea** (appl. quarrel, argue (about something); stand up for, lay claim to).
*VaSwahili vanoti **gombezeka** (be reprehensible). VaSwahili vanoti **gombana** ( ass. quarrel fall out, have words (with each other).
*Zigula vanoti **kugomba** (fight, quarrel, complain, argue). Mamwe mazwi: **kugombana** (fight each other; argue with each other).
*VaZigula vanoti **kugombera** (fight for/over; defend; stick-up, protect; argue for). Mamwe mazwi: **kugomberwa** (be fought for; stuck up for).
*VaWanga vanoti **okhusolana** (quarrel, squabble) kureva kusorana. Yao vanoti **ndeo** (a quarrel) kureva bopoto. Lugwere vanoti **kutongana** (v. quarrel).
Kukoniwa

Kukoniwa (fail, to be unable) zvichireva kukundika kana kutadza kubudirira pakuita chinhu.
*Kukonesa (to make impossible, hinder, cause to fail). 
*Kukona (to defeat, make to fail). Kurima kwandikona.

Makonese, Gonese, Chakona mazita emhuri.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Kufoira
*Kuponga
*Kushwenga
*Kudofora

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaLozi vanoti **-kona** (v.t. to be capable, to be qualified; to have ability  or skill, to be able - with reference to work) kureva kugona.
*VaLozi vanoti **-konwa** (to be overpowered by someone) kureva kukonwa. Mamwe mazwi: **-konana** (to be of equal strength) kureva kukonana.
*VaLozi vanoti **-konela** (be able to do something for someone, overpower for someone) kureva kugonera. Mamwe mazwi: **-konela** (be able to do anything by oneself, be self-reliant) kureva kuzvigonera.
*MaZulu vanoti **umhlwenga** kana **imihlwenga** (Conceit, self-confidence). Ku kushwenga?
Hozi

Hozi imba yokurara, inozivakanwa nezita rokuti "bedroom"￼ muchingezi.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Dara (receptacle for unthreshed corn made of poles and thatch).
*Dura, (granary).
*Gombana kana chitura (small granary).
*Tsapi (granary for storing grain before threshing). 
*Chihera (small granary) kureva tsapi diki.
*Chipebwe (full of last year's grain).
*Gudzururu kana **mhungu** (space below raised building).

## Tsumo

*Zuva rimwe haripedzi dura. One day's stay does not empty a granary. 
*Nhumbu tatanana hunzi ndiwo mugariro, kutuka muna wedura. (You think) that when you have your fill you can scold the owner of the granary. 

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaWanga vanoti **eshiachi** (small granary) kureva dura.
*VaGiryama vanoti **muvungu-ni** (in the space under a bedstead etc).VaZigula vanoti **vungu** kana **mavungu**  (space under bed or table) kureva mhungu.
*Digo inoti **chitsaga** kureva dura. VaFwe vanoti **ziongo** (store houses). 
*Kinande vanoti **eritula** (adj. last) chinogara nguva refu - fananidzai nokuti dura?. 
*Mang'anja vanoti **kwikwiziri** kana **kwingwiziri** (the space under the nkokwe grain store, or bedstead) vachireva gudzururu?.
*Mang'anja vanoti **nkokwe** (n. a large basket where maize is stored - also beans or any kind of food) kureva dengu rekuchengetera chibage.
Gwerekwete

*Gwerekwete kana magwerekwete (Antbear) kureva bikita kana hwiribidi. 
*Gwerekwete kana magwerekwete (Good farmer) kureva murimi anogona kurima.
Hambuko

Hambuko (Impulsiveness) apa kureva mhupu.

## Mitauro yeAfrika

*Sangho vanoti pupu (n. wind; air) kureva mhepo.
Hanya

*Hanya (Aromatic shrub: Stoebe vulgaris). 
*Hanya (Concern, Heedfulness). Havana hanya naye: they are not concerned about him.
Gwipa

Gwipa kana magwipa (Red-eyed Turtle Dove) zvichireva bvukutirwa, bvukutwa kana vhukutwa.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*MaZulu vanoti **vukuthu** (ideophone. of Cooing).
*MaZulu vanoti **vukutha** (Coo as wild pigeon).
*MaZulu vanoti **ilivukuthu** kana **amavukuthu** (Speckled rock pigeon, Columba arquatrix).
*MaZulu vanoti **ilivukuthu** kana **amavukuthu** (Common rock pigeon, Dialiptila phaeonota).
*MaZulu vanoti **ilivukuthu** kana **amavukuthu** (Olive pigeon, Stictoenas arquatrix).
Hwishu (Chipotswa)

Hwishu chombo chino bhuruka chega chichiudzwa kwekunaga. Inogadzirwa nezvinhu zvina zvinoti, musorohondo (chinova ndicho chinoputika kana kuti bhomba racho), injini, chinangiso nechino bhurusta kana kuti chipapo. Hwishu dzino siyana siyana dzinenge pasi-ku-pasi, denga-ku-denga, denga-ku-pasi nepasi-ku-denga zvichienderana nemashandisirwo.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

Hwishu pachiVanhu zvinoreva chinhu chinopotserwa kana vanhu vachirovana sokuti;

Vakatanga vachiwirirana vakazobva ipapo vava kukandirana hwizhu zvaburana.

Zvakafanana nepa chiRungu “the football team’s supporters started throwing missiles following a controversial decision by the ref"
Vhuramuromo

Vhuramuromo imari inobhadharwa nemukwasha arikuda kuroora. Pamari dzese,ndiyo inotanga kubhadharwa. Chinangwa chayo ndechekuti uwane mukana wekutanga kutaura; sezvinoreva zita racho, imari yekuti ukwanise kuvhura muromo.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*MaZulu vanoti **imvulamulomo** (Beast or money presented to bride's father by bridegroom's people before the legal lobolo) vachireva vhuramuromo.
*MaZulu vanoti **amavula** (Goat presented by the bridegroom to commence the wedding ceremony).
*MaZulu vanoti **vula** (1. Open; open up, make a way clear; 2. start).
Nyakabau

**Nyakabau** izita remhuri rinowanikwa muZimbabwe. 

*Vanhu vane zita iri: Webster Nyakabau; Grace Nyakabau; Barbra Nyakabau.
*Kubaukira (Be quick) rinoreva kuita nokukasira. Kune nyaudzosingwi inoti bau (Acting quickly).
*Muenzaniso: Aifamba achibaukira: he walked quickly.

## Mitauro yeAfrika

Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeAfrika, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. 

*Kolokuma Izon inoti bau (n. girl, daughter) kureva musikana kana mukunda
*Chuwabo vanoti **maváwu** (n. asthma).
Hwiringwindi

*Hwiringwindi (Large entrance to termite nest). Akawira muhwiringwindi yegomba: he fell into a big termite hole.
*Hwiringwindi  (Huge person). apa kureva mukwandari.
Hwaradada

Hwaradada kana hwa-a (ideophone of Being empty; **2. of Lacking completely**). Musoro wake wakati hwaradada: he has nothing on his head. 

*Kuhwaradadidza (Remove contents completely). Mhepo yakahwaradadidza miti mashizha: the wind has stripped the leaves from the trees. 
*Kuhwaradadika (Be. or be able to be emptied, or stripped, completely). Makore anga avako ahwaradadika: the clouds that were in the sky have disappeared completely. 

## Kutamba neMazwi

Mienzaniso iri pasi iyo inozama kuturikira mazwi eEnglish anoti: **negative** uye **positive**.

*Tauya tested HIV negative: Kuvhenekwa kwaTauya akabuda hwaradada yeHIV.
*Tangai tested HIV positive: Kuvhenekwa kwaTangai akabuda nharadada yeHIV.
*Muchena tested HIV negative: HIV yakahwaradadika pakavhenekwa Muchena.
*Ranganai tested HIV positive: HIV yakadaradadika pakavhenekwa Ranganai.

*-236 inhamba hwaradada: -236 is a negative number.
*+275 inhamba nharadada: +275 is a positive number.

*Izwi rokuti yakadara rinoreva kuti nyaya yataurwa nenzira yakajeka, zvichinatsa kunzwisisika - (in reference to speech that is **clearly stated** and understandable; **explicit**).

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Kinande vanoti **erihwa** (to be finished) vachireva kuti hwa-a.
Chitsva-a

*Chitsva-a (Pitch darkness) kureva tsvitsva kana zarima.
*Chitsva-a (1. Privacy; 2. Secret place) kureva tsva-a kana ruvande.
Chinya

*Chinya (1. Irascibility, impatienee, quick temper. 2. Spitefulness) zvichireva pfini. Akaita chinya chegurwe. he was enraged (madly angry).
*Chinya (1. Do wrong, 2. Commit a crime, 3. Sin, 4. Spoil) zvichireva kukanganisa. Ndakachinya hangu: I have done wrong. Akasanganisa hembe chena nenhema muto wenhema waenda pachena nokudaro chena dzachinyika.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Kuchinya  (Set hard (mortar) zvichireva kugwamba.
*Kuchinyika kana kuchinyikara (Be spoilt e.g. clothing). 
*Chinyiko, nyangadzo kana nyamadzi (Damage to thing).  

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Bushong vanoti **tshinyi** (v. frighten, scare, alarm, make  afraid, terrify, excite, horrify, intimidate, terrorize, dismay, etc.).
*Lozi neNsenga vanoti **lunya** (n. cruelty, hardness of heart) zvichida vanoreva **chinya**.
*MaZulu vanoti **ulunya** (n. Cruelty, callousness; hardness of heart; lack of mercy; harshness) zvichida vanoreva **chinya**.
Gwiri

*Gwiri kana kwingwiri (ideo of Starting to follow a spoor. 2. of Setting out on a Journey). 
*Gwiri  kana magwiri (Potato).
Denga neNyika

**Denga neNyika** (Chirungu: universe) kana **Denganyika** mashoko aya ari kushandiswa pano kuturikira chinonzi *universe*. Denganyika zvinoreva kuhwerengedzwa kwezvinhu zvose zvakasikwa naMwari. Denga neNyika rinobata nokusanganisira: sebhe dzose (*matter* kuChirungu); simba; nyeredzi; nyenyedzi; nguva nedengezeze rechadenga. Izwi rokuti Denga neNyika rinongova kubatanidzwa kwemazwi anoti denga nenyika.

## Kupiwa kwezita

Zita iri rapiwa richicherechedza kuti icho chinonzi *Universe* kuChirungu idunhu rimwe rine mamwewo matunhu anopatsanurwa mariri. Nyangwe zvaro rine zvikamu zvizhinji nemapoka mazhinji, rudunhumwe idunhu rimwe rine mitemo yaro, nekudyidzana kwezvinhu zvirimo. Iko kudyidzana kwezvinhu mu**rudunhumwe** hakusati kwapera kuongororwa nyangwe naivo ana mazvikokota vanofunda chikamu chemitumbi iri pamukaha wechadenga; kana nemiganhu yerudunhumwe hapana chaiye anoziva kuti inogumira kupi. 

Chakakosha pakupiwa kwezita iri ndiko: kugonawo kutaura nerurimi rwedu zvinhu zvikuru, zvinoshamisa, zvisina mukare wakamboona akatizuwira kuti kwakadai kumatenga kuziyenda-nakuenda uko.

Denga neNyika rinobatawo Rinopasi ratinorarama pariri nedengezeze rechadenga chatinoona zuva nenyeredzi, kunova ndiko kunobhururuka chitundumusere.

## Tsananguro
Izvo zvakasikwa zvinoonekwa zvinotsanangurwa senzvimbo yese nenzvimbo (pamwe chete zvinonzi nguva yemuchadenga) nezviri mukati. Zvemukati izvi zvine simba rese mumhando dzaro dzakasiyana, kusanganisira remagetsi remagetsi nemagetsi, uye nekudaro mapuraneti, mwedzi, nyeredzi, magaraxies, nezviri mukati meiyo intergalactic space.  Zvese zvakasikwa zvinosanganisirawo mitemo yepanyama inokanganisa simba uye zvinhu, senge mitemo yekuchengetedza, echinyakare makanika, uye hukama.

Zvepasi rose zvinowanzotsanangurwa se "hupenyu hwese", kana zvese zviriko, zvese zvakambovapo, uye zvese zvichave zviripo. Ichokwadi, vamwe vazivi nevasayendisiti vanotsigira kuiswa kwemazano uye zvisinganzwisisike- senge masvomhu uye pfungwa - mukududzirwa kwezvinhu zvese. Izwi rokuti muchadenga rinogona zvakare kureva zvinhu zvakaita sedenga, nyika, uye zvakasikwa.

## Mabviro eruzivo
Njandaya yemaJudha

Mazwi anoti Njandaya yemaJudha ari kushandiswa pano kuturikira chinonzi **pogroms of the Jews** kuEnglish, izvi zvichidudzira kupfurutswa kukuru kwakaitwa maJudha munyika dziri kuMabvazuva kweEurope dzinosanganisira Russia, Ukraine, Belarus nePoland.

Izwi rokuti njandaya (brutal treatment) rinoreva kutambudzwa kukuru.

## Njandanya muHutapwa hweRussia

Njandaya yemaJudha yakatanga apo Hupambi hweRussia hwakatapa matunhu akanga ava nehugari hwemaJudha vakawanda, izvi zvakaitika mumakore 1791-1835. Hurumemnde yeRussia yakatara matunhu aitenderwa kugarwa nemaJudha, matunhu aya akapiwa zita rokuti Rumanda rweHugari kureva kuti maJudha vakasungirwa kugara imomu chete. Njandaya huru yakaitika mumatunhu eRumanda rweHugari uye maJudha mazhinji vaisatenderwa kutamira kune mamwe matunhu ari kunze kwenzvimbo yakatarwa seRumanda rweHugari - **Pale of Settlement**.

## Odessa, 1821

Njandaya yekutanga yaiva Njandaya yepaOdessa yakaitika mushure mekuurawa kweGregory V Mukuru weGreek Orthodox kuConstantinople. Njandaya iyi yakauraya maJudha gumi nevana (14). Vakavamba njandaya iyi vakanga vari maGreek avo vakanga vakawanda mumaguta anosvikira ngarava mudunhu reNovorossiya. Vamwe vanyori vanoti njandaya yekutanga ndiro bongozozo rakaitika 1859 paOdessa.

## Mamwe Mazwi

*Kupfurutsa, kupfutsa (1. persecute, 2. to pursue with harassing or oppressive treatment) zvichireva kutambudza kana kunetsa. 
*Kudidiritsa (Expel; drive away; dismiss many; Drive away one or many; making them run) zvichireva kudzinga kana kutanda.
*Nyatwa kana nhamo (trouble, distress, extreme affliction, tribulation).
Rubefuro rweNyere

Rubefuro rweNyere ari kushandiswa pano kuturikira chinonzi **Cellular Respiration** kuEnglish.

Paunofema unotora oxygen nefemo rimwe nerimwe uye unoburitsa carbon dioxide nefemuro rimwe nerimwe. Kuposhana kwegasi uku kwakakosha parubefuro nokuti rubefuro chiitiko chinotora mishonga iyoyi. Zvinyanhengo zvose kubva pabhakitiriya, coral rhifi nenzou zvinoita rubefuro.

Zvidyo zvinopinda mumuviri mushure mekuwoteswa kwezvidyo, zvichibva zvashandiswa kugadzira simba rekuti mitezo ifambe uye kuita zvose zvinodiwa zviri maererano ne Chironzo cheMuviri. Rubefuro chiitiko cheMishongamhenyu chinoti nyere dzezvinyanhengo zvinowana simba nokumbundanidza oxygen neglucose, zvichikonzera kuburitsa carbon dioxide, mvura uye ATP.

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaBemba vanoti **mpemo** (n. respiration) kureva rebefuro kana mufemo.
*VaBemba vanoti **pema** (v. respire) kureva kubefura kana kufema.
Charles Charamba

**Charles Charamba** (akazvarwa 27 Kubvumbi 1971) muimbi wenziyo dze Chikristu anemukurumbira muZimbabwe. Anoyimba mumhanzi wezvechitendero achishandisa mitauro yakaita se Chishona, Chindebele ne Chingezi.

## Mhanzi

### Nziyo
Nziyo dzake dzakafarirwa zvokuti:

* "Machira Chete"
* "Sarudzai",
* "Masimba Ndeenyu",
* "Kumakomo Uko",
* "Handidi Naye",
* "Tauya Kuzomutenda".
* "Buruka"
* "Nyika
* "Mhinduro Iripo"

kushevedzwa kwe madhisaipo

* "Abba Father"

### Maungamhanzi
Maungamhanzi ake anosanganisa:

* *Tinashe Akatendeka* (1997)
* *Johanne 3:16* (1998)
* Vhuserere (2000)
* *Exodus* (2001)
* *Sunday Service* (2002)
* *Verses and Chapters* (2004)
* *New Testament in Song* (2007)
* *Pashoko Pangoma* (2010)
* *WeNazareta* (2014)
* *Abba Father* (2017)
Mhiti

Mhiti kana deke (Grysbok) kamhuka kaduku, kanonyara uye kanogara kega kachiwanikwa kumatunhu ari kuMabvazuva ekuChamhembe kweAfrica.

Mhiti dzinowanikwa kuTransvaal (South Africa), Caprivi Strip (Namibia), Botswana, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi uye kuTanzania neLake Victoria.

## Chimiro

Mhiti ine mumhu wakaenzana nemhembwe pfumbu, asi iyo ine muviri mupamhi. Pakumira yakareba 20" (45–60 cm) pabandauko uye ine huremu hwunosvika 7–11.5 kg. Ruvara rweganda rayo rwutsvuku rune mawururwi machena. Maziso akakomberedzwa neruvara ruchena, uye muromo nemutsipa une ruvara ruchena. Muhwamba mayo mune ruvara ruchena zvakare. Mukono une nyanga pfupi dzakatarangana.

Bandauko (front leg, shoulder of animal).

## Mitauro yeBantu

*Baila vanoti **timba** (n. grysbuck or grysbok) kureva mhiti.
Mucheni

Mucheni,  cheni kana muranga imhando yehove inonzi (Tiger fish) kuEnglish. 

Kune zita remhuri rinonzi Nyamuranga.
Bani

Bani (1 Wide level land between hills; 2. Open, level veld) kureva nzvimbo yakatambarara isina miti iri pakaderera. Kana awanda anonzi mapani.

*Bomho kana mapomho pakuwanda (grassy plain; treeless veld; a narrow valley but open veld).

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaVenda vanoti **bani** (n. plain covered mostly by mopani trees).
*VaVenda vanoti **bale** kana **mavhale** (n. treeless plain).
*Bushong inoti **lubana** kana **mbana** pakuwanda (n. valley) kureva mupata.
*Bambara inoti **bani** (n. little river) kureva rukorodzi.
*Dinka vanoti bar (n. place in forest which is clear of undergrowth, area of no trees) kureva chiwara.
Kubitirirwa

Izwi rokuti kubitirirwa (to drown, to be choked) rinoreva kunyura mumvura.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

*bwiti kana pwiti (ideophone of Suffocating or drowning). 
*Kubwitidza, kuvhumidza, kumwidza kana kubitidza  (Suffocate; drown). 
*Kubwitira kana kubitira anotaurwa zvakare.
*Kubitirisa (to choke).

## Mitauro yeBantu

*VaYao vanoti **kunyikula** (to lift up ; to raise up one side) - zvichida vachireva kunyukura?
*Lela vanoti bìtí (v. bury, cover). Fananidzai nokuti kubitirwa? Mamwe mazwi: bìtìsí (v. cover oneself up, wrap up).