open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Nirbhaya "Fearless"

“**Nirbhaya**” (In Hindi, it means "the fearless one") was a 22-year-old physiotherapy student. On December 16, 2012, she was raped on a bus in Delhi, India. Because rape laws in India do not permit using a victim's name she was known only as "Nirbhaya".
## Life 
“Nirbhaya” was born into a working-class family.  Her dream was to be a doctor.  Her family spent their life savings so “Nirbhaya” could study medicine. She had just graduated from a physiotherapy program. On the bus she and her male friend were beaten by six men. She was dragged to the back of the bus and repeatedly gang raped for over an hour. The bus driver drove all over Delhi while this was happening. Nirbhaya was in critical condition and on a ventilator. Doctors said there was no medical reason to move her.

## Aftermath 
“Nirbhaya”'s case started demonstrations and protests in India. It also started changes in the laws about violence against women. The five men and the bus driver were identified and arrested. They were charged with kidnapping, rape and murder.

One of the men arrested committed suicide in prison. One, who was a teenager at the time, was given three years in a reformatory. But the number of rapes had also risen sharply.

## Related pages
*2012 Delhi gang rape case

## References 
## Other websites 
* Remembering Nirbhaya
* 2013 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
*Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)
Feature phone

(ca 2003); a typical feature phone.|353x353px]]
A **feature phone** or a **dumbphone** is a type of mobile phone. The name "feature phone" usually means the phone cannot do things that a smartphone can do. Feature phones basically allow people to make phone calls and sent text messages, while a few may also be able to play multimedia and access the internet and other services offered by the user's wireless service provider.

Modern feature phones can have smartphone-like 3G connectivity, touchscreens, and access to popular social networking services. However, these phones do not support software made by other companies as much as smartphones—because of this, feature phones are also called **dumb phones**.

People often buy feature phones as they are cheaper than smartphones, especially in emerging markets. In the past few years, however, phone makers have begun to make and sell cheap smartphones for sale in places where high-end smartphones are not popular.
As a result, as of 2015, feature phones are now considered very low quality products.

## References
GM Lambda platform

**GM Lambda platform** is a car platform designed and used by General Motors. It is a full-size crossover platform. Lambda is based on the earlier GM Epsilon platform. The Lambda platform replaces GM's U minivan platform and the GMT360 SUV platform. This is used for the Chevrolet Malibu sedan and other similar models. Frank DuBois, of the Washington, DC-based American University created a new model for finding out which cars have the highest percentage of American-made parts and labor. His index shows the GM Lambda platform CUVs are the most "American made."

## References 
## Other websites
Perdiendo el norte

*
***Perdiendo el norte**'' is a 2015 Spanish comedy-drama movie. It was directed by Nacho G. Velilla, and starred by Yon González, Julián López and Blanca Suárez.

## Plot 
Hugo and Braulio are two young students with their respective degrees, but they're unable to find any job or future due to economic crisis in Spain.

After seeing a TV-program about how a Spanish citizen is living in Germany they decide to move to Berlin. However, the things did not turn out as they had believed.

## Cast 
* Yon González as Hugo
* Julián López as Braulio
* Blanca Suárez as Carla
* Úrsula Corberó as Nadia
* Javier Cámara as Próspero
* José Sacristán as Andrés
* Miki Esparbé as Rafa
* Carmen Machi as Benigna
* Malena Alterio as Marisol
* Alberto Chicote as Priest
* Arturo Valls as Spanish immigrant in Berlin interviewee on TV
* Arantxa Aranguren as Juana

## References 
## Other websites
* 
* Official website
Casanovas

**Casanovas** is a dansband in Vadstena, Sweden. The band was started in 1989. In 1998 the band won the Svenska dansbandsmästerskapen contest.

## Discography
### Albums
### Songs
*1998: "Kärleken lever"
*1999: "Minns du mig än"
*2000: "I varje del av mitt hjärta"
*2000: "Vem får din kärlek idag"
*2001: "Om natten"
*2002: "I dina ögon"
*2002: "Låt drömmarna leva"

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Donnez

**Donnez** is a dansband in Perstorp, Sweden. The band was started in the year 2000. In 2010 the band participated at  Dansbandskampen.

## Discography
### Albums
## References
## Other websites
*Official website 
*Facebook 
*Last.fm
Chang Ch'ung-ho

'''Chang Ch'ung-ho** or **Zhang Chonghe** (; May 17, 1914 – June 17, 2015), also known by her married name **Ch'ung-ho Chang Frankel''', was a Chinese-American poet, calligrapher, educator and Kunqu opera singer. She was called as "the last talented woman of the Republic of China" ().

On June 17, 2015, Chang Ch'ung-ho died in New Haven, Connecticut, aged 101.

## Related pages
*List of Chinese writers
*List of poets from North America

## References
William Devane

**William Joseph Devane** (born September 5, 1939) is an American movie,  television and theater actor. He is best known for his roles as Greg Sumner on the primetime soap opera *Knots Landing* (1983–1993) and as John F. Kennedy in *The Missiles of October* (1974).

## Other websites
*
Country rock

**Country rock** is a music genre of country music. It was formed by the wave of rock musicians who began to record country-flavored records in the late 1960s and early 1970s. These musicians recorded rock records using country themes. They used vocal styles and additional instrumentation, in particular pedal steel guitar. Country rock began with Bob Dylan. It reached its greatest popularity in the 1970s with artists like Emmylou Harris, the Eagles and The Doobie Brothers. Country rock also influenced artists in other genres. This included The Band, Grateful Dead, Creedence Clearwater Revival, The Rolling Stones, and George Harrison's solo work. It also played a part in the development of Southern rock.

## References
Pierre Aubert

**Pierre Aubert** (3 March 1927 &ndash; 8 June 2016) was a Swiss politician, lawyer and former member of the Swiss Federal Council (1978–1987). He was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 7 December 1977 as member of the Social Democratic Party from the canton of Neuchâtel. He handed over office on 31 December 1987. He was born in La Chaux-de-Fonds, Canton of Neuchâtel.

Aubert died on 8 June 2016 in Neuchâtel, Switzerland at the age of 89. 

## Other websites
Archivist of the United States

, Tenth and current Archivist of the United States]]
The **Archivist of the United States** is the chief official in charge of the National Archives and Records Administration. The first Archivist, R.D.W. Connor, began serving in 1934, when the National Archives was established as an independent federal agency by Congress.

## Duties
The Archivist is appointed by the President and is responsible for safeguarding and making available for study all the permanently valuable records of the federal government, including the original Declaration of Independence, Constitution and Bill of Rights, which are displayed in the Archives' main building in Washington, D.C.

## Archivists of the United States
The following is a list of Archivists of the United States

Served first as Acting Archivist of the United States from Nov. 7, 1965, until his appointment as Archivist of the United States on January 16, 1966.

Served first as Acting Archivist of the United States from March 10, 1968, until his appointment as Archivist of the United States on May 2, 1968.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
* AOTUS Blog - from the "Collector in Chief"
* Archivists of the United States, 1934 – present
William Brantley Aycock

**William Brantley Aycock** (October 24, 1915 &ndash; June 20, 2015) was an American educator. He served as chancellor of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill from 1957 until 1964 and is the retired Kenan Professor of Law at the UNC School of Law. He was born in Lucama, North Carolina in 1915.

## References
Jack Aeby

**Jack W. Aeby** (; August 16, 1923 – June 19, 2015) was an American environmental physicist and photographer. He is known for having taken the only well-exposed color photograph of the first detonation of a nuclear weapon on July 16, 1945 at the Trinity nuclear test site in New Mexico. 

## Other websites
*Jack Aeby, Atom-Bomb Photographer  (MP3) on NPR's *All Things Considered* (July 15, 2005)
*Jack Aeby exhibit  at the Los Alamos Historical Museum (photos), *The Los Alamos Monitor*
Esther Brand

**Esther Cornelia Brand** (née **van Heerden**; 29 September 1922 &ndash; 20 June 2015) was a South African athlete. She was born in Springbok, Northern Cape. She competed in the high jump and won the gold medal for South Africa at the 1952 Summer Olympics held in Helsinki, Finland. 

Brand died after a fall at the age of 92.

## References
Anne Nicol Gaylor

**Anne Nicol Gaylor** (November 25, 1926 – June 14, 2015) was an American atheist and reproductive rights advocate. She co-founded the Freedom from Religion Foundation and an abortion fund for Wisconsin women. She wrote the book *Abortion Is a Blessing * and edited *The World Famous Atheist Cookbook.*

## References
Chile women's national football team

'''Chile women's national football team''' () represents Chile on the women's side in association football. It is controlled by ANFP and its member of CONMEBOL. Additionally, the team has qualified for FIFA Women's World Cup in 2019.

## Tournament records 
### FIFA Women's World Cup  
## Related pages 
* Chile national football team

## References
Gunther Schuller

Jazz Masters Award for Jazz Advocacy in 2008, alongside A. B. Spellman (right).]]
**Gunther Schuller** (November 22, 1925June 21, 2015) was an American composer, conductor, horn player, author, historian, and jazz musician. He was born in New York City.

Schuller died on June 21, 2015 in Boston, Massachusetts from leukemia, aged 89. 

## References
## Other websites
*Pro Arte biography of Gunther Schuller 
*GM Recordings Gunther Schuller's recording label
*Art of the States: Gunther Schuller  *Phantasmata* (1989)
*http://arts.endow.gov/av/video/2008jazzpanel/index.html 
*Extensive Gunther Schuller interview
*Two interviews with Gunther Schuller by Bruce Duffie (May 8, 1981 & October 15, 1988)
Division of Northern Territory

The **Division of Northern Territory** was an Australian Electoral Division in the Northern Territory from 1922 until 2001. During this time it was the only Division in the Territory.

The Division was set up in 1922, as a part of the *Northern Territory Representation Act 1922*. The Member for Northern Territory did not have full voting rights until 1968, and did not count for the purpose of forming government. Before 1936, the Member could speak in the House and take part in committee work, but could not vote. Between 1936 and 1959 the Member had limited voting on Territory laws. Between 1959 and 1968, the Member could only vote on laws that affected the Territory.

In December 2000, the Division was split into two new divisions, the Division of Solomon, which covered the area immediately around Darwin, and the Division of Lingiari, which covered the rest of the territory.

On 19 February 2003, the new Divisions were removed and a single Division was brought back. On 28 April 2004 the *Commonwealth Electoral Amendment (Representation in the House of Representatives) Act 2004* had the effect of leaving the Northern Territory divided into two Divisions.

## Members
## References
*
Golden Sun: The Lost Age

is a 2002 role-playing video game published by Nintendo and developed by Camelot Software Planning. It is the sequel to the 2001 video game *Golden Sun* and is the second game in the *Golden Sun* series. It was released for the Game Boy Advance and later for the Wii U Virtual Console. *The Lost Age* was released on June 28, 2002 in Japan, April 14, 2003 in North America, and on September 19, 2003 in Europe.

## Reception
The game was given positive reviews:

IGN rated the game a 9 out of 10. Craig Harris of IGN said that they liked the more complicated puzzles that were added even though most of the mechanics in the game did not change. IGN named *The Lost Age* as their "Game of the Month" in April 2003. IGN ranked the game at #78 on their Readers Choice Top 100 games ever in 2006.

*The Lost Age* was also ranked at the 69th best game made on a Nintendo System by *Nintendo Power* in their "Top 200 Games" list.

## References
## Other websites
*
Dylann Roof

**Dylann Storm Roof** (born April 3, 1994) is an American white supremacist and mass murderer convicted for the Charleston church shooting on June 17, 2015.

On December 15, 2016, Roof was convicted in federal court of all 33 federal charges (including hate crimes) against him stemming from the shooting; on January 11, 2017, he was sentenced to death for those crimes. In March 2017, he was sentenced life in prison without parole. On April 10, 2017, Roof was sentenced to nine consecutive sentences of life without parole.

## References
David Blatt

**David Michael Blatt** (; born May 22, 1959) is an Israeli-American professional basketball coach. He is currently the head coach of the Cleveland Cavaliers. Blatt played point guard at Princeton University from 1977 to 1981. He played in the Maccabiah Games for the USA national team that won a gold medal in 1981. He then played professional basketball in Israel for nine of the next 12 years. An injury ended his playing career and he began coaching full-time.

Blatt is one of the most successful American coaches in European basketball history. As a coach, Blatt has been the Israeli League Coach of the Year four times (1996, 2002, 2011, and 2014). He was the Russian Super League Coach of the Year (2005). In the 2012 Summer Olympics he led the Russian national team to win a Bronze medal. Blatt was also the Euroleague Coach of the Year (2014). He took over as Cleveland's head coach in 2014 His lifetime .639 winning percentage after the 2014–15 season was the best of any Cavaliers head coach in team history.

Blatt was born on May 22, 1959, in Boston, Massachusetts.

On August 19, 2019, he announced that he has Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis, the most advanced form of the autoimmune disease.

## References
Azerbaijan Carpet Museum

**Azerbaijan Carpet Museum**  (formerly called the **State Museum of Azerbaijan Carpet and Applied Art**) displays Azerbaijani carpets and rugs. The display shows various weaving techniques and materials from various periods. It is named after Latif Karimov and has the largest  of Azerbaijani carpets in the world.
It moved to a brand new building on the Baku's seafront park during 2014 from its   on Neftchiler Avenue.

## History
]]

The museum was established in 1967 and was first located in the Juma Mosque in the Old City. The mosque was built in the 15th century and then renovated in the 19th century. Its first exhibition was held in 1972. In 1992, after the collapse of the USSR, the museum was moved to the second floor of what is now the Baku Museum Center, a building that had originally been the Lenin museum.
The new building was due to open in late 2012  but as of March 2014 the new building had not yet officially opened its doors to the public. In April 2014 the museum was  Azerbaijan Carpet Museum dropping its much longer official title.

## Collection
The collection of the museum includes over 10,000  of ceramics, metal works of the 14th century, jewellery from the Bronze Age, carpets and carpet items from the 17th-20th centuries, national garments and embroidery, and applied art works (decorative arts and design) of the Modern Age. 
The museum organizes public lectures, study courses on carpets and applied arts.
It has a book store selling books on Azerbaijani crafts and carpet art.
The museum also holds a  collection from the Shusha Museum of History, from the city of Shusha, looted after occupation by Armenian troops in 1992. Part of the exhibited items of the Shusha museum were saved when the director of the museum moved out 600 carpets before the occupation. They are now displayed at the museum in an exhibition titled "Burned Culture".

## International exhibitions
The museum does research and   work. Every year, state and international  are organized and  on carpets are printed by the museum. The museum has also held exhibitions in more than 30 countries including France, Germany, England, Japan, the Netherlands. In 1998, the museum participated in a UNESCO-organized exhibition in Paris  to Fuzûlî and in 1999 dedicated to the 1,300th anniversary of the *Book of Dede Korkut* and  carpets, folk applied art items, including copper , mugs, buckets and saddle-bags.

## Related pages
* Azerbaijani carpet

## References 
## Other websites
*
Raymond Aubrac

**Raymond Aubrac** (31 July 1914 – 10 April 2012) was a French engineer and leader. He was the leader of the French Resistance during the Second World War and a civil engineer after the Second World War.

## Other websites
*
*
*
Heinrich Rau

**Heinrich Gottlob "Heiner" Rau** (2 April 1899 – 23 March 1961) was a German communist politician during the time of the Weimar Republic. He was a leading member of the International Brigades, a  member of the Landtag of Prussia (1928-1933) and after World War II an East German statesman. He was the chairman of the German Economic Commission, the precursor to the East German government.

## References
## Other websites
Laura Antonelli

**Laura Antonelli** (28 November 1941 – 22 June 2015) was an Italian movie and television actress. She appeared in 45 movies between 1965 and 1991. Her most movies were *Malicious*, *Till Marriage Do Us Part*, and *The Innocent*.

Antonelli died on 22 June 2015 in Rome from a heart attack, aged 73.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* MySpace Tribute Page 
* "Divina Creatura"&nbsp;– Tribute to Laura Antonelli
Kristine Lilly

**Kristine Marie Lilly Heavey** (born July 22, 1971), née **Kristine Marie Lilly**, is a retired American soccer player. She last played professionally for Boston Breakers in Women's Professional Soccer (WPS). She was a member of the United States women's national soccer team for 24 years. Lilly has won two World Cup Championships. She is twice an Olympic gold medalist (1996 and 2004) and won an Olympic silver medal (2000). Lilly is the most capped soccer player in the history of the sport. No other women's or men's player has done this. She gained her 352nd and final cap against Mexico in a World Cup qualifier in November 2010. Lilly scored 130 goals for the United States women's national team. This placed her behind Mia Hamm's 158 goals and Abby Wambach's ongoing tally of 182. On Feb. 14, 2015, Kristine Lilly was inducted into the National Soccer Hall of Fame.

## References
Alexander Schalck-Golodkowski

**Alexander Schalck-Golodkowski** (July 3, 1932 – June 21, 2015) was a East German politician and trader. He was born in Berlin. He was director of a main department ('Hauptverwaltungsleiter') in the Ministry for Foreign Trade and German Domestic Trade (1956–62), the Deputy Minister for External Trade (1967–75), and head of the GDR's *Kommerzielle Koordinierung* (KoKo, 1966–86). He was also a Stasi colonel.

## Other websites
*Biography
Lucie Aubrac

**Lucie Samuel** (29 June 1912 – 14 March 2007), born **Lucie Bernard**, and better known as **Lucie Aubrac**, was a French history teacher. She was a member of the French Resistance during World War II.

Aubrac died in Issy-les-Moulineaux, near Paris, on 14 March 2007, aged 94. She was survived by her three children and her husband, Raymond Aubrac.

## Other websites
* Guardian obituary, 16 March 2007
*
Võ Nguyên Giáp

**Võ Nguyên Giáp** (25 August 1911 – 4 October 2013) was a general in the Vietnam People's Army and a politician. He fought during World War II, where he served as the military leader of the Viet Minh resistance against the Japanese occupation of Vietnam. 

Giap was a principal commander in two wars: the First Indochina War (1946–54) and the Vietnam War (1960–75). He fought in the following historically significant battles: Lạng Sơn (1950), Hòa Bình (1951–52), Điện Biên Phủ (1954), the Tết Offensive (1968), the Easter Offensive (1972), and the final Ho Chi Minh Campaign (1975).

Võ Nguyên Giáp was also a teacher and a journalist, an interior minister in President Hồ Chí Minh's Việt Minh government, the military commander of the Viet Minh, the commander of the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN), and defense minister. He also served as a member of the Politburo of the Vietnam Workers' Party, which in 1976 became the Communist Party of Vietnam.

On 4 October 2013, Võ Nguyên Giáp died in Hanoi at the age of 102. He was given a state funeral on 12 and 13 October 2013 and his body lay in state at the national morgue in Hanoi until his burial at the Vũng Chùa - Đảo Yến in his home province of Quảng Bình.

On 8 February 2015, Nhat Tan - Noi Bai freeway renamed to Vo Nguyen Giap street in Dong Anh and Soc Son, Hanoi.

On 9 March 2021, Ho Chi Minh City named Vo Nguyen Giap street in Thu Duc city.

## References
## Other websites
* General Giap Biography
* National Liberation Front
* General Vo Nguyen Giap – Asian Hero 
* Vo Nguyen Giap's interview – PBS
* Bibliography: Writings of Vo Nguyen Giap, and Books about Him
* Vo Nguyen Giap on Britannica
* General History 
**Booknotes* interview with Peter MacDonald on *Giap: The Victor in Vietnam*, 29 August 1993. 
* Brief tribute with 5 selected photos
Maqil

The **Maqil** () were an Arabian nomadic tribe.  In the 11th century they migrated from Yemen into what is now the Sahara Desert and Morocco. They mainly settled near forests and oases.

Despite their originally small number (less than 200), they were later involved in fighting a dynasty of Sunni Muslims. They also brought change to the culture of these regions, and a new language.

## Genealogy 
They descend from Yoktan son of Eber, father of the Hebrews and coming from the line of Seth, son of Adam.

## History 
The exact origin of the Maqil tribe is unknown. They claimed for themselves a prestigious Banu Hashim descent from Jaafar ibn Abi Talib, son of Abu Talib and brother of Ali ibn Abi Talib. Arabian genealogists categorized them as Hilalians.

## Further reading 
* Almsaodi, Abdulaziz. Modern history of Yemen

## References
Azerbaijani carpet

**Azerbaijani rugs** () are carpets made in Azerbaijan, an ancient center of carpet weaving. The Azerbaijani carpet is a traditional handmade textile of many sizes, with  texture and a  or  surface, whose patterns are  of Azerbaijan's many carpet-making regions. Traditionally, since ancient times the carpets were used in Azerbaijan to cover floors,  interior walls, sofas, chairs, beds and tables.

## Tradition
, Azerbaijan in the late 19th century.]]
The rugs have unique patterns with characteristics of Azerbaijan's carpet-making regions. These carpets are used to cover floors, decorate interior walls, sofas, chairs, beds and tables.

Carpet making is a Azeri family tradition, carpet making and rug making is solely a women's occupation. In the past, every young girl had to learn the art of weaving carpets. If a son of a family is newly married, it was his mother who wove a large rug for his new household. Traditionally, men sheared the sheep in the spring and autumn, while women dyed the yarn in the spring, summer and autumn.

## Related pages
* Azerbaijan Carpet Museum

## References 
## Other websites
Hugh O'Brian

'''Hugh O'Brian** (born **Hugh Charles Krampe'*; April 19, 1925&mdash;September 5, 2016) was an American actor. He was known for his starring role in the 1955-1961 ABC western television series, *The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp''.

O'Brian died at his home in Beverly Hills, California on September 5, 2016 at the age of 91.

## References
## Other websites
* Hugh O'Brian (Official website)
* Hugh O'Brian Youth Leadership Foundation (Official website)
* 
* 
*
Henry Morton Stanley

**Sir Henry Morton Stanley** GCB (born **John Rowlands**; 28 January 1841 – 10 May 1904) was a Welsh journalist and explorer. He was famous for his exploration of central Africa, and his search for missionary and explorer David Livingstone.

When he found Livingstone, Stanley reportedly asked, "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?" Stanley is also known for his search for the source of the Nile, his work in the Congo Basin, and for commanding the Emin Pasha Relief Expedition.

Stanley's expeditions are known for the cruelty and murders of Africans. He has the highest kill rate among Africa's explorers. Despite this, he was highly admired and supported by British and Belgian monarchies and knighted in 1899.

Stanley was MP for Lambeth North from 1895-1900.

## Early life 
Stanley never knew his father, and was abandoned by his mother after birth. His birth certificate describes him as John Rowlands, a bastard. The stigma of illegitimacy weighed heavily upon him all his life.

## Claiming the Congo for the Belgian king 
Stanley was approached by King Leopold II of the Belgians, the ambitious Belgian monarch. In 1876 the king organized a private holding company disguised as an international scientific and philanthropic (goodwill) association. He called it the *International African Association*.

The King spoke of his intentions to introduce Western civilization and bring religion to that part of Africa. He did not mention he wanted to claim the lands. At the end of his life, the King was embittered that his establishment of a Congo Free State was spoilt by its unscrupulous government. Also, the spread of sleeping sickness across central Africa may have been caused by the movements of Stanley's enormous baggage train, and the Emin Pasha relief expedition.

## Emin Pasha Relief Expedition 
In 1886, Stanley led the Emin Pasha Relief Expedition to "rescue" Emin Pasha, the governor of Equatoria in the southern Sudan. King Leopold II demanded that Stanley take the longer route, via the Congo River. He hoped to get more territory. After immense hardships and great loss of life, Stanley met Emin in 1888, charted the Ruwenzori Range and Lake Edward, and emerged from the interior with Emin and his surviving followers at the end of 1890.

This expedition tarnished Stanley's name because of the conduct of the other Europeans: British gentlemen and army officers. An army major was shot by a carrier, after he behaved with extreme cruelty. James Sligo Jameson, heir to Jameson's, an Irish whiskey manufacturer, bought an 11-year-old girl and offered her to cannibals to document and sketch how she was cooked and eaten. Stanley found out only when Jameson had died of fever.

## References
Magali Noël

**Magali Noëlle Guiffray** (27 June 1930 – 23 June 2015), better known as **Magali Noël**, was a French actress and singer. She was known for her song "Fais-moi mal, Johnny" ("Hurt me Johnny"). Her best known movie was *La Dolce Vita*.

Noël died on 23 June 2015, aged 84.

## References
## Other websites
* Official site 
* 
*
Helmuth Lohner

**Helmuth Lohner** (24 April 1933 – 23 June 2015) was an Austrian actor and theatre director. From 1997 to 2006, Lohner was director of the Theater in der Josefstadt. Lohner was born in Vienna.

Lohner died on 23 June 2015 at the age of 82.

## References
## Other websites
*
Slade Gorton

**Thomas Slade Gorton III** (January 8, 1928 &ndash; August 19, 2020) was an American politician. He was a U.S. senator from Washington state from 1981 to 1987, and from 1989 to 2001.

He held both of the state's Senate seats in his career and was narrowly defeated for reelection twice as an incumbent: in 1986 by Brock Adams, and in 2000 by Maria Cantwell after a recount. Gorton was twice both Senior Senator (1983–87, 1993–2001) and Junior Senator (1981–83, 1989–93).

Gorton died on August 19, 2020 in Clyde Hill, Washington from Parkinson's disease-related problems at the age of 92.

## References
## Other websites
*Congressional Bio
*Kirkpatrick & Lockhart Preston Gates Ellis LLP ("K&L Gates")  Lawyer Bio 
*The Next Ten Years of Post-9/11 Security Efforts, Q&A with Slade Gorton (September 2011)
Thomas Kean

**Thomas Howard "Tom" Kean, Sr.** (; born April 21, 1935) is an American Republican Party politician. He served as the 48th Governor of New Jersey from 1982 to 1990.

## References
## Other websites
* Thomas H. Kean biography at 9/11 Commission Official Web Site.
* New Jersey Governor Thomas H. Kean biography , National Governors Association.
* *Governor Tom Kean* , a biography by Alvin S. Felzenberg, Rutgers University Press.
* "A View from Outside the Beltway: Winning Policy Themes for the 1990s" , by Thomas Kean, Heritage Lecture No. 357, Heritage Foundation, December 15, 1991.
* "9/11 Panel Suspected Deception by Pentagon", *The Washington Post*, August 2, 2006.
* "Stonewalled by the C.I.A.", op-ed by Kean and Lee H. Hamilton, *The New York Times*, January 2, 2008.
* .
* The Thomas H. Kean Archive, Rutgers Program on the Governor
Banu Sulaym

The **Banu Sulaym** () was a group of Nomadic Arabs. In the 11th century they migrated from Upper Egypt into what is now Tunisia and eastern Algeria. They defeated the Berbers.  

## History 
Oral tradition says that the tribe would have left Arabia to go to Egypt. According to their legend they rebelled against the Caliph of Baghdad in the second half of the 10th century. In 1049, when the Zirid ruler of Tunisia rebelled against Egypt, nomads were sent to punish them. Even though it was an oral history, they were a real tribe. They did come from the Arabian Peninsula. They did  much of North Africa for over a century. They were mostly installed in the south of Tunisia and Libya as well as a minority in the south of Algeria and the Moroccan plains.

## Further reading 
* Almsaodi, Abdulaziz. Modern history of Yemen

## References 
## Other websites
* Power and Interest News Report
Chris Woodhead

**Sir Christopher Anthony Woodhead** (20 October 1946 – 23 June 2015) was a British educator. He was head of Ofsted, the Office for Standards in Education, Children's Services and Skills, from 1994 to 2000. Ofsted is a non-ministerial department of the UK government. The head of Ofsted is also Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Schools in England, which is a crown appointment.

## Career 
Woodhead graduated in English at the University of Bristol, where he also took a PGCE. He obtained a Master of Arts in English from Keele University in 1974.

In 1976, he left teaching, allegedly as the result of an  with a sixth-form pupil, something he always denied. Later, he moved into teacher education.

Woodhead was one of the most controversial figures in debates on the direction of English education policy. Woodhead advocated "traditional teaching methods". He took a scornful view of "progressive educational theories" introduced into English schools from the 1960s onwards.

He was Chairman of Cognita, a company dedicated to fostering private education, from 2004 to 2013.

## Death
Woodhead died after a nine-year battle with motor neurone disease, aged 68.

## Books 
* 1984. *Nineteenth and twentieth century verse: an anthology of sixteen poets*. Oxford University Press. 
* 2002. *Class War: the state of British education*. Little, Brown. 
* 2009. *A desolation of learning: is this the education our children deserve?*. Harriman House. 

## References
## Other websites
* His departure as seen by *The Guardian* in November 2000
* The public view on his departure in 2000
* *Telegraph* 2001 article
* TV appearances
Petit Ballon

**Le Petit Ballon** (*The Little Balloon*) is one of the highest peaks of the Vosges Mountains in Haut-Rhin, Alsace, France. Its height is  above sea level.
Posadas, Misiones

**Posadas** is the capital city of the Misiones Province in Argentina. In 2012, about 344,833 people lived in the city area.

## Other websites 
* Municipality of Posadas - Official website 
* Posadas Information
Elgin Baylor

**Elgin Gay Baylor** (September 16, 1934 – March 22, 2021) was an American basketball player, coach, and executive.  He played 13 seasons as a forward in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Baylor played for the Minneapolis / Los Angeles Lakers, appearing in eight NBA Finals.  Baylor was a gifted shooter, strong rebounder, and an accomplished passer. Baylor was famous for his acrobatic moves on the court. He regularly dazzled Lakers fans with his trademark hanging jump shots. Baylor was the No. 1 draft pick in the 1958. He was NBA Rookie of the Year in 1959. Baylor was named an NBA All-Star 11 times. He is regarded as one of the game's all-time greatest players. In 1977, Baylor was  into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. He wore number 22, which was retired by by the Lakers in 2018.

## Early years 
Baylor was born September 16, 1934 in Washington, DC. He attended high school at Washington, D.C.'s Springarn High. He was an All-American at Seattle University. In 1958 he led his team to the NCAA finals.

## Professional career 
In 1958 he was the number 1 overall in the NBA draft by the Minneapolis Lakers. He scored 71 points and 25 rebounds in one game. He was strong and graceful on the court. During his 14-year career with the Minneapolis and Los Angeles Lakers Baylor averaged 27.4 points a game.

## Death
Baylor died on March 22, 2021, at age 86 of natural causes in Los Angeles.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Elgin Baylor Stats
* Baylor lawsuit
Grefrath, Neuss

**Grefrath** is a district of Neuss, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. 

## Population 
## Notable People 
* Mathias Weber (1778-1803), robber

## Other websites 
* Tourism brochure (in German)
São Gonçalo, Rio de Janeiro

**São Gonçalo** () is a city in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Its population (as of 2009) is 1,010,212 inhabitants, and it is the second most populous city in the state after the capital, Rio de Janeiro.

## Statistics 
Its population was 1,010,212 in 2009.
It is the second most populous city in the state after Rio de Janeiro, the capital of the state.

## Geography 
### Climate 
São Gonçalo has a tropical Atlantic climate, with rainy summers and relatively dry winters. The city has different temperatures at different times of the year. They can be up to  in summer and  during winter. Generally, the temperature is between the maximum of  and minimum .
But for most part of the year, i.e. from May to October, the temperature is milder because the climate is drier and less hot.

## Demographics 
According to the 2022 census,

## Education 
The Rio de Janeiro State Teachers' Training College (FFP-UERJ) stands out in the city. It is the largest teachers' college in Rio de Janeiro state. Its students are mostly residents from Sao Goncalo, but many come from Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Itaboraí, and cities of the Baixada Fluminense region, among others. For many years, students from this campus have asked for a bus route to the Saint Mary UERJ Maracanã.

## Health 
São Gonçalo has the following hospitals: Hospital Estadual Alberto Torres; Eye Hospital Niteroi; Hospital Luiz Palmier; Hospital Adam Pereira Nunes; Barone Hospital de Medeiros; Silveira Hospital Infantil Darcy Vargas, Hospital Pads, Hospital Santa Maria.

### Garbage collection crisis 
São Gonçalo has poor garbage collection services. Garbage sometimes collects on the streets for this reason. In December 2008, waste collectors went on strike, which made the problem even worse. In January 2011, garbage collection stopped for more than a week in some parts of the city.

## Notable residents 
Zélio Fernandino de Moraes, founder of the Umbanda Branca religious sect, was born in São Gonçalo.

## References 
## Other websites
Nicola Badalucco

**Nicola Badalucco** (13 May 1929 &ndash; 17 June 2015) was an Italian screenwriter. He has written for 38 movie since 1969. He was nominated for an Academy Award at the 42nd Academy Awards in the category Original Screenplay for the movie *The Damned*.

## References
## Other websites
*
Pokémon Colosseum

is a 2003 role-playing video game published by The Pokémon Company and developed by Genius Sonority. It was only released for the Nintendo GameCube. *Pokémon Colosseum* was released on November 21, 2003 in Japan, March 22, 2004 in North America, and on May 14, 2004 in Europe.

The concept for *Pokémon Colosseum* was influenced by RPGs like *Final Fantasy VII* and *Persona 2: Innocent Sin*. During an interview with Prima Games, *Pokémon* director Junichi Masuda was asked why the gameplay did not mirror that of the other games in the series. Masuda said "How players communicate with each other has been key to the *Pokémon* games – it is the backbone of all *Pokémon* game designs. I feel that the handheld systems work better than the home-based consoles. It's certainly possible to come up with concepts for home-based consoles, but we might then have to change the core of the game."

The game was first shown at E3 2003.

## Reception
IGN rated the game a 7.5 out of 10. Craig Harris of IGN said that the *Pokémon* RPG's move to 3D "does a decent enough job" and is "a bit more linear and straightforward".

In 2006, *Nintendo Power* ranked the game as the 121st greatest video game to appear on a Nintendo console.

## References
## Other websites
*
The Producers (TV series)

***The Producers*** () is a 2015 South Korean television series. It stars Kim Soo-hyun, Cha Tae-hyun, Gong Hyo-jin and IU. It was shown on KBS from May 15 to June 20, 2015.

## Characters
* Kim Soo-hyun as Baek Seung-chan
* Cha Tae-hyun as Ra Joon-mo
* Gong Hyo-jin as Tak Ye-jin
* IU as Cindy

## References
## Other websites
*
Shere Hite

**Shere Hite** (born as **Shirley Diana Gregory**; November 2, 1942 &ndash; September 9, 2020) was an American and a German feminist and sexologist. She was known for her research on women's orgasms. *The Hite Report: A Nationwide Study of Female Sexuality* was published in 1976. The report is Hite's most famous work. 

## Early life
Hite was born in St. Joseph, Missouri. She received her masters degree in History from the University of Florida in 1967. She then moved to New York City.

## Personal life
In 1985 Hite married Friedrich Horicke, a German concert pianist. The couple divorced in 1999.

She moved to Germany in 1989 and became a German citizen in 1996. She isn't an American citizen anymore.

Hite died on September 9, 2020 in London from problems caused by Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, aged 77.

## References
Wild grape

**Wild grapes** are natural, uncultivated grapes. There are many species. Most are similar to each other, and difficult to tell apart. Fox grape (*vitis labrusca*), summer grape (*vitis aestivalis*), and riverbank grape (*vitis riparia*) are some common species.

Wild grapes have woody vines which can climb over thirty feet tall. They have large, three-lobed leaves with teeth on the edges. They can be found on streambanks, pond edges, roadsides, and in open woods. In woods, the vine is probably very large and has grown up with the tree.

Wild grapes use tendrils (like above-ground roots) to grab onto branches or bark of larger plants. The bark is brownish-gray and very shreddy.

Wild grape flowers are green and small. They bloom from May to July. The fruit, of course, is what grapes are known for. They grow large berries in clusters of up to twenty. Fruits become ripe from August to October. The fruit is very important for wildlife. Each berry contains two to six seeds. When animals eat the fruit, they help spread the vines by defecating seeds in new places.

Many birds nest in wild grape tangles, and many use bark from the vine to build nests.

## Gallery 
 
File:Vitis-labrusca-berries.JPG| *Vitis labrusca* with berries
File:Vitis_riparia_(USDA).jpg| *Vitis riparia*
File:Vitis_riparia_HabitusLeavesFruits_BotGardBln0906.JPG|*Vitis riparia* leaves and fruit
Douglas Spalding

**Douglas Alexander Spalding** (1841–1877) was an English biologist. He was one of the founders of ethology (animal behaviour), but it took a long time before this was .

He was born in Islington in London in 1841, and began life as a workman. Later, when he lived near Aberdeen, he attended courses without charge. He studied philosophy and literature, but after a year he returned to London. Spalding trained to be a lawyer, but contracted tuberculosis.

He travelled in Europe in hopes of finding a cure. In Avignon he met John Stuart Mill, and through Mill he met John Russell, Viscount Amberley. Russell was the son of the former British Prime Minister Lord John Russell. Spalding became tutor to Viscount Amberley's children, including perhaps the very young Bertrand Russell. He also carried on an intermittent affair with Katharine Russell, Lord Amberley's wife. After Lord Amberley's death in 1876, Spalding returned to the continent and died there the following year.

## Ethology 
Spalding carried out some remarkable experiments on animal behaviour, and discovered the phenomenon now known as imprinting. This was later rediscovered by Oskar Heinroth, then studied and popularised by Konrad Lorenz and Niko Tinbergen.

Instinct and imprinting were the first scientific concepts in ethology. Spalding was able to prove that the behaviour of chicks after hatching from the egg happened even when they had *no experience, practice or even information from the senses*. Therefore the capacity was inherited. J.B.S. Haldane reprinted Spalding's essay *On Instinct* in 1954 to show how important it was for the history of ethology.

## Birds v. mammals 
If we realise that birds are descendants of dinosaurs, and (say) cats are mammals, the we can understand the effects of their births. A bird comes out of the shell ready-made. After an initial feeding that's it as far as the parents are concerned. On the other hand, cats have quite a long period when the mother looks after them. They are initially almost helpless. The role of play is very much another mammalian learning device. On the other hand, birds do not learn to fly. They fly when their anatomy is developed.
This is what Spalding proved. 

## References
Cara Delevingne

**Cara Delevingne** (born 12 August 1992) is a British supermodel, actress and singer of Jewish descent. Delevingne was named Model of the Year in April 2015 by the British Fashion Awards.

Delevigne is in a relationship with the musician, Annie Erin Clark, better known by her stage name, St. Vincent.

## References
## Other websites
* The divine Delevingnes: Cara Delevingne's society family
Statik Selektah

**Patrick Baril** (born January 23, 1982), also known as **Statik Selektah**, is an American record producer from Boston, MA. Selektah is also a disc jockey (DJ) and radio announcer. He is also the founder of Showoff Records. 

In 2010, he began a hip hop group named 1982, with two other American rappers.

## Past and present radio stations
* *WPEA* 90.5fm - Exeter, NH (1996–1998)
* *WERS* 88.9fm - Boston, MA (2000)
* *WBOT* 97.7fm - Boston, MA (2001–2004)
* *WBLX* - Mobile, AL (2005–2009)
* *KMJJ* - Shreveport, LA (2006–2008)
* *Shade 45* Sirius/XM (2005–present)
* *KDON* 102.5fm - Santa Cruz, CA (2009–2011)
* *WJMN* 94.5fm - Boston, MA (2008–2011)

## Discography
### Studio albums
* *Spell My Name Right: The Album* (2007)
* *Stick 2 the Script* (2008)
* *100 Proof: The Hangover* (2010)
* *Population Control (album)|Population Control* (2011)
* *Extended Play * (2013)
* *What Goes Around * (2014)
* *Lucky 7 (Statik Selektah album)|Lucky 7* (2015)

### Collaborative albums
* ''All In A Day's Work* (with Saigon) (2009)
* *1982 * (with Termanology - as 1982) (2010)
* *1982 1982: The EP* (with Termanology - as 1982) (2010)
* *The Evening News EP* (with Termanology - as 1982) (2010)
* *Statik-Free EP* (with Freeway)  (2011)
* *Lyrical Workout* (with Bumpy Knuckles) (2011)
* *Lord Giveth, Lord Taketh Away* (with Freddie Gibbs) (2011)
* *State of Grace* (mixtape) (with Slaine) (2011)
* *Well-Done (album)|Well-Done* (with Action Bronson) (2011)
* *Straight, No Chaser* (with Reks) (2012)
* *2012* (with Termanology as 1982) (2012)
* *Stereo Type* (with Strong Arm Steady) (2012)
* *Ambition* (with Bumpy Knuckles) (2012)
* *Boom Bap & Blues* (with Jared Evan) (2013)
* *The Proposal * (with Ransom) (2013)
* *Still Blue* (with Jared Evan) (2014)
* *Statik KXNG* (with Crooked I) (2015) 

### EPs
* *Statik Selektah's "Lost & Damned EP"* (2009)
* *The Left-Overs (Of What’s To Come…) EP'' (2010)

## References
## Other websites
* Showoff Records Website
* Statik Selektah intimate interview on Conspiracy Worldwide Radio Sep 2010
Oleg Tymoshenko

**Oleg S. Tymoshenko** (Ukrainian: [ɔlɛg tɪmɔʃɛ'nkɔ]; born December 4, 1932; died December 20, 2010), was a Ukrainian choral conductor, professor, artist and academician. Tymoshenko was the honorary President of Green Cross Ukraine. He was a People's Artist of Ukraine, a member of The Lviv National Academy of Arts, and a full Cavalier of the Order of Merit.

## Biography 
Tymoshenko was born on December 4, 1932, in Kreminna, in the Luhansk Oblast (province) of Ukraine. 

Starting in 1949, he studied at Luhansk College of Music. He graduated from there in 1953. He then studied at the Kiev Conservatory, graduating in 1960.

From 1960–1963, he worked as Director and teacher at the Nikolai Leontovich Music College in Vinnytsia.

In 1963-2004 he worked at the Kiev Conservatory. His positions there included:

*1963–1965—Senior Lecturer
*1965–1983—Vice-rector for Educational
*1983–2004—Rector

In 1996, he was selected as a founding member of the National Academy of Arts of Ukraine. 

In 2000, Oleg Tymoshenko, supported by the founding president of Green Cross International (en), Mikhail Gorbachev, created a national branch of Green Cross (English name Green Cross Ukraine), which he headed until 2010.

He died on December 20, 2010, in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites
* About founding Green Cross Ukraine ;
* Memorial plaque
Bobby Jindal 2016 presidential campaign

The **2016 presidential campaign of Bobby Jindal**, the Governor of Louisiana, was formally launched on June 24, 2015. It's headquarters is in New Orleans, Louisiana.

## Background
His candidacy for the Republican nomination for President of the United States in the 2016 election comes after years of speculation concerning a possible candidacy following the 2012 election. Jindal is the first Indian American and third Asian American to run for President of the United States.

On November 17, 2015, Jindal officially suspended his presidential campaign, saying "this is not my time".

## Announcement
Jindal officially launched his campaign for the 2016 Republican presidential nomination on June 24, 2015 with an announcement via Twitter, ahead of a planned formal announcement in the New Orleans suburb of Kenner later that day.

## Polling
As of late July 2015, Jindal has been polling about 1.4 % of the Republican primary electorate.

## Supporters
* Willie Robertson, TV personality

## References
## Other websites
* www.BobbyJindal.com
WCSH

**WCSH** is the NBC television station for Southern Maine as well as Eastern and Northern New Hampshire. Its studios are in Portland. It broadcasts a high definition digital signal on UHF channel 44 from a transmitter on Winn Mountain in Sebago, Maine. It is owned by the Gannett Company.

The station airs syndicated programs including: *Who Wants to Be a Millionaire*, *The Doctors*, *Rachael Ray* and *Inside Edition*.

WCSH is the sister station to Maine's other NBC affiliate, WLBZ in Bangor. The twin stations run much of the same programming.  Syndicated programming shown only on WCSH includes *The Andy Griffith Show*. WLBZ also airs separate station identifications and advertising. With the two stations essentially operating as one, they give statewide coverage not offered by any other channels in Maine.

## Other websites 
*
*WCSH mobile
*WLBZ
*
Yvonne Furneaux

**Yvonne Furneaux** (born 11 May 1928 in Roubaix, Nord-Pas-de-Calais died 5 July 2024) is a French movie actress. She is known for her role as Emma in *La Dolce Vita*.

## Other websites
*