open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Circuit breaker

A **circuit breaker** is a device designed to shut off an electrical circuit when too much current is flowing. This usually occurs if too many devices are plugged in or if there is a short circuit. Circuit breakers are usually installed in the electrical panel. Some circuit breakers also have GFCI protection. Inside the circuit breaker, there is usually an electromagnetic coil. When too much current flows through the coil, it pulls on the switch, shutting the power off. The coil reacts to immediate short circuits. There is also a bimetal strip that will bend and pull on the switch if it gets too hot. This reacts to extended periods of too much current. 

Some advanced circuit breakers monitor current electronically, and shut the power off when an electronic sensor detects too much current. A circuit breaker does the same job as a fuse, but unlike a fuse, a circuit breaker does not need to be replaced to be reset, except in some severe cases such as very high-current short circuits and lightning strikes that may damage the circuit breaker.

## Types
### By voltage level
* Low voltage circuit breaker.
* Medium voltage circuit breaker.
* High voltage circuit breaker.

### By medium of arc suppression
* Air circuit breaker
* CO2 circuit breaker
* Disconnecting circuit breaker 
* Oil circuit breaker
* Sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker
* Vacuum circuit breaker

## Related pages
* Electricity
Yoji Koda

is a Japanese naval officer, academic, writer and senior fellow in the Asia Center at Harvard University.

## Early life
Koda was born in December 1949 at Tokushima Prefecture.  He studied at the Defense Academy at Yokosuka in 1968-1972.

## Career
Koda served on several JMSDF ships, including the *Yudachi* (DD-108), the *Shirayuki* (DD-123), and the *Sawayuki* (DD-125).
* **2003**: Vice Admiral

## References
## More reading 
* Chun, Tarryn. "Profile: Retired Vice-Admiral Yoji Koda, Asia Center Senior Fellow, 2009-2011," *Harvard Asia Newsletter* (Winter 2010), p.&nbsp;5.
Regionalliga Mitte

The **Regionalliga Mitte**is one of three 3rd level leagues in Austrian football. It is formed by teams from Upper Austria, Styria, Carinthia and East Tyrol. It is the highest level of amateur football in Austria. The champion plays a relegation match versus the champion of the Regionalliga West. In the 2010/11 season the champion was the LASK Juniors team. In Austria second teams of professional clubs are not allowed to promot to professional football. In the relegation match versus WSG Wattens Blau Weiß Linz, the second of the season won and was promoted to Austrian Football First League .
## Teams of the 2025-26 season
*  SV Ried II
*   LASK Amateure
*  Wolfsberger AC Amateure
*   Union Dietach
*   ASK Voitsberg
*  SV Lafnitz
*  Union Gurten
*  ASKÖ Oedt
* SV Wallern
*  USV St. Anna/Aigen
*  Deutschlandsberger SC
* SK Treibach
*  FC Gleisdorf 09
*  ATUS Velden
*  SC Kalsdorf

## Other websites 
*Regionalliga Mitte (german) 
## References
Porsche 911

The Porsche 911 is a luxury two-door sports car made by Porsche AG to replace the Porsche 356 since 1964, in Stuttgart. Now in its eighth generation (992) In 1964 it used to be called as, Porsche 901 but, due to trademark problems with Peugeot, Porsche changed the name to Porsche 911 before it went on sale. Every 911 engine was placed in the rear of a car, which makes it iconic since then.

The Porsche 911 was mostly known for fun-to-drive cars that can be used daily, but because the engine was placed at the rear of the car, make it often unstable and hard to control for early models. Porsche 911 was thought to be one of the longest-running car models. 

**The Original (1963-1973)**

The original 911 was designed as a larger, more  practical version of the Porsche 356 with an extra pair of seats. As such, critics were quick to pounce on its lack of focus.

**G-series (1973-1989)**
The G-Series also known as "930 Generation " ran for a long time, too, starting in 1973 and only being replaced in 1989. The most significant move made in this time was the introduction of turbocharging to the 911, the Turbo you see above arriving in 1975 with a mighty 260bhp powering the rear wheels. Making the 911 Turbo the most powerful car on the market.**964 (1989-1994)**

The 964 arrived at the very end of the 1980s, with a little design change and more modern technology, such as the ABS and airbags.

**993 (1994-1998)**

Five years after the 964, the 993 was put onto the production run. It’s the last Porsche with an air-cooled engine. The highest model able to buy are the 911 GT2 (993) , a powerful badge that’s defined Porsche racing and race cars since then.

**996 (1998-2004)**

The first water-cooled engine 911, with many technologies put into the car. The interior was improved a lot compared to the “993” Therefore, it’s the most hated Porsche 911 with a very cheap second-hand price, because of its “Fried Egg Headlight” car experts often thought it ruined the iconic design that Porsche keeps the same for a long time.

**997 (2004-2011)**

Porsche has done their homework well, Round headlights come back to the 911 again. Similar shape to the 996 but with more technology and more safety for drivers. Also, it’s the last Porsche 911 Turbo that you can get with a manual transmission.

**991 (2011-2018)**

The 991 was made from 2011 to 2019. It kept the classic 911 shape but was larger and more modern than older models. This is the last Porsche 911 Carrera or “base model” with naturally aspirated engine

**992 (2018-Now)**

992 started in 2019 and is the newest version of the 911. It looks similar to older models but is wider and more high-tech. All Carrera models use turbocharged flat-six engines. The 992 also has hybrid-ready, but no hybrid model yet. It is one of the best sports cars today, keeping the 911’s tradition while adding modern performance.
Mucous membrane

A **mucous membrane** (or **mucosae**; singular **mucosa**) is a skin-like lining. A mucus membrane is covered in epithelium. They secrete mucus, and in the alimentary canal they absorb nutrients. They line cavities that are exposed to the external environment and internal organs. 

At several places they connect up (are contiguous) with the skin. For example, at the nostrils, the mouth, the lips, the eyelids, the ears, the genital area, and the anus. Unlike skin, which has hair growing out of it, mucous membranes are hairless.

The sticky, thick fluid secreted by the mucous membranes and glands is called "mucous". The term *mucous membrane* refers to where they are found in the body. However, not every mucous membrane secretes mucous.
Eyelid

An **eyelid** is a thin piece of skin that covers and protects the eye. It is one of the thinnest areas of skin on a persons body. A muscle pulls back the eyelid to "open" the eye. The eyelids are the last muscle to stop working when the body undergoes death. People do this willingly or without thinking.  The human eyelid has a row of eyelashes that help protect the eye from dust and other small objects. Eyelashes also keep sweat out of the eye. Eyelids regularly spread tears and other secretions on the surface of the eye to keep it moist. The cornea is one part of the eye that must be kept moist.  Eyelids keep the eyes from drying out when asleep.  Also, the blink reflex protects the eye from things touching it.

## Image gallery

 Image:Eye makeup.jpg|Eye makeup
 Image:Gray515.png|Bloodvessels of the eyelids, front view
 Image:Gray866.png|Horizontal section through the eye of an eighteen days' embryo rabbit. X 30
 Image:Gray888.png|Sagittal section of right orbital cavity
 Image:Gray893.png|Sagittal section through the upper eyelid
 Image:Gray894.png|The tarsi and their ligaments. Right eye; front view
 Image:Gray896.png|The lacrimal apparatus. Right side

{{Navbox
 | name =
 | title = Illness relating to the eyelid of humans
 | state = {}
 | listclass = hlist

| group1 = .
   | list1 =
* Abadie's sign of exophthalmic goiter
* Boston's sign
* Dalrymple's sign
* Stellwag's sign
}}
Korean Americans

**Korean Americans** (Korean: ; Hanja: ; *Hangukgye Migukin*) are Americans of Korean descent. They are mostly from South Korea. A small amount are from North Korea. The Korean American community comprises about 0.5% of the United States population or about 1.6 million people and is the fifth largest Asian American subgroup, after the Indian American, Chinese American, Vietnamese American and Filipino American communities. The U.S. has the second-largest Korean community in the world. The largest is in the People's Republic of China.

## References
Gentlemen's agreement

A '''gentlemen's agreement''' is an agreement made between two or more people. It can be written down, spoken, or just understood. A gentlemen's agreement needs people to be honourable and stick to the agreement, instead of  the agreement. Because of this, it is different from a legal agreement or contract, because a legal agreement or contract can be enforced if needed.
Anthropometry

**Anthropometry** is the study of measurement and proportions of the human body.

## Alphonse Bertillon and Criminology 
Anthropometry was first created by Alphonse Bertillon (April 24, 1853 – February 13, 1914). He was born in Paris, France. When he became a policeofficer, he created Anthropometry so that criminals could be easily identified. The system helped the police to get through many criminal records quicker. Having produced a set of  of criminals, it became easier for the police to identify offenders.

## Anthropometric measurements 
The system involves 10 measurements:
*Height
*Stretch
*Bust  
*Head length (crown to forehead)
*Head width (temple to temple)
*Cheek width
*Ear length (both left and right)
*Middle finger
*Foot length
*Cubit (length from elbow to middle finger)

## References 
*Burnett, “Introduction to Human factors, Human anatomy and Biomechanics”.  Web.10 Dec.2011
* "Anthropometry." Ergonomics4schools. Web. 10 Dec. 2011
* Webster's Online Dictionary  - Web. 11 Dec. 2011
Hovenia dulcis

***Hovenia dulcis*** is also called the **oriental raisin tree**. It is a plant that lives in Japan, Korea, Eastern China and the Himalayas.

## Life cycle 
The oriental raisin tree grows about 10 meters tall. Its bark of the tree is dark gray. Its flowers are white, and they open between June and July. The tree grows fruit in September and October. The fruits are brown, and they are shaped like a chicken's claw.  Its seeds fall off from February to March.  Its germination rate, which is the number of seeds that begin to spore or grow, is about 2 &ndash; 15%. Most trees begin to grow their own fruit when they are two years old.

## Living conditions 
The oriental raisin tree can grow with shade or light. Cold does not hurt the tree, but too much time without rain does hurt it. Unlike many other plants, the oriental raisin tree can grow even if the soil has lots of salt in it, so often lives near the sea. Pollution does not hurt the oriental raisin tree either, so it can live in cities and other industrial areas. 

## Uses and effects 
The wood of the oriental raisin tree can be used to make buildings, musical instruments, ships, and furniture. Because the stem tastes sweet, people like to eat it and make drinks from it. This stem is also used for medicine.
Mesosaurus

***Mesosaurus*** is an extinct marine  reptile from the early to late Permian of southern Africa and South America. It was one of the first known marine reptiles, and had many adaptations to a fully aquatic lifestyle. 

It is sometimes considered an anapsid, but there is some disagreement about that. It is described by Benton as a 'parareptile', that is, a sauropsid.

## Palaeobiology
*Mesosaurus* was one of the first reptiles to return to the water after early tetrapods came to land in the later Devonian. 

It was around  in length, with webbed feet, a streamlined body, and a long tail that may have supported a fin. It probably propelled itself through the water with its long hind legs and flexible tail. Its body was also flexible and could easily move sideways, but it had heavily thickened ribs, which would have prevented it from twisting its body. Specimens show it was viviparous, bearing live young.

*Mesosaurus* had a small skull with long jaws. The nostrils were located at the top, allowing the creature to breathe with only the upper side of its head breaking the surface. Its teeth were suitable for catching small nektonic prey such as crustaceans.

## Distribution
*Mesosaurus* was significant in providing evidence for the theory of continental drift, because its remains were found in southern Africa and eastern South America, two far away places. As *Mesosaurus* was a coastal animal, and therefore could not have crossed the Atlantic Ocean, this distribution indicated that the two continents used to be joined together.

## References
Bokbunja ju

**Bokbunja ju** (hangul: 복분자주; hanja: 覆盆子酒; also spelled ***bokbunjaju***, ***bokbunja-ju***, or ***bokbunjajoo***, and also called ***bokbunja*** **wine**) is a Korean traditional wine made from fermented Korean black raspberries called *bokbunja* (hangul: 복분자; hanja: ; *Rubus coreanus*). It is made by fermenting berries with water.

*Bokbunja ju* is crimson in color and sweet. It has between 15% and 19% alcohol by volume, depending on the brand. Koreans believe that it is good for health  and promotes male sexual stamina. It is often drunk on special occasions.

## References
Hangwa

A **hangwa** is a Korean traditional cookie. Hangwa includes Yumilgwa Yugwa, Dasik Dasik and Yeot Gangjeong. Hangwa is also called *Jogwa* since it is made of diverse grains and looks like fruits. 

## Origin 
Hangwa was very popular among people over the Shilla and Goryeo because the yield of grains had went up a lot and people tried not to eat meat for religious reasons. The religion at that time was Buddhism. Since then, Hangwa has become necessary in wedding ceremonies, memorial sacrifice days, and social dinners.

## Types of Hangwa 
The basic materials of Hangwa are mostly natural and based on the materials Hangwa is primarily divided into seven kinds and the recipes are slightly different.

## Characteristics 
Hangwa does not go bad easily because it is very good at preservation. This comes from the fermentation of grains and use of honey. Also, Hangwa is very nutritious. Ancestors thought that food was natural medicine and the idea was reflected on the nutrition of Hangwa too. Also, Hangwa shows Korean traditional virtue and emotions. It represents the warmth of neighbors. In ancient times, when people had ceremonies or social meetings, they made their guest go back with some food, which was mostly Tteok and Hangwa. In other words, Hangwa talks about the kindness and the affection between people in Korea.

## References 
*한과의 디저트 상품화를 위한 브랜드아이덴티티 디자인 개발 연구
*International Strategy of Rice Cake and Korean Traditional Cookie

## Other websites 
* What is Hangwa
* The origin of Hangwa
Hōei

was a  after *Genroku* and before *Shōtoku.* This period started in March 1704 and ended in April 1711. During this time, the emperors were   and .

## Events of the *Hōei* era
* **11 November 1707** (*Hōei 4, 14th day of the 10th month*): 1707 Hōei earthquake, also called the "Great Hōei Earthquake".
* **16 December 1707** (*Hōei 4, 23nd day of the 11th month*): After the eruption of Mount Fuji, cinders and ash fell like rain in Izu, Kai, Sagami, and Musashi.
* **1708** (*Hōei 5*): The shogunate introduces new copper coins into circulation; and each coin is marked with the *Hōei* nengō name (*Hōei Tsubo*).
* **16 January 1710** (*Hōei 6, 17th day of the 12th month*): Former-Emperor Higashiyama died.
* **7 July 1710-22 March 1711** (*Hōei 7, 11th day of the 6th month &ndash; Shōtoku 1, 4th day of the 2nd month*): Diplomatic mission from Ryukyuan Kingdom was received in Edo.

## Related pages 
* Edo period
* Hōei eruption of Mount Fuji

## References
## Other websites 
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt

The **Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt** *(Eje Volcánico Transversal)* also known as the Transvolcanic Belt and locally as the **Sierra Nevada** (Snowy Mountain Range), is a volcanic belt that extends 900&nbsp;km from west to east across central-southern Mexico.

Several of its highest peaks have snow all year long, and during clear weather, they can be seen bythose who live in Mexico on the many high plateaus from which these volcanoes rise.

## References
Tawakel Karman

**Tawakel Karman** (born 7 February 1979)

She won the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize with two other women. She is the first Yemeni and the first Arab  woman to win the prize. She is the second Muslim woman to win any Nobel Prize and the youngest to win the Nobel Peace Prize.

## Journalist, politician, and rights worker
Karman is a journalist, politician and senior member of Al-Islah, a political party. She is also works to improve human rights. She is one of the people who started the group "Women Journalists Without Chains". 

She helped lead the Yemeni protests to support the Arab Spring after the people in Tunisia overthrew the government of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali in January 2011. She opposed Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh and thought that he should leave office.

## Personal
Karman earned a college degree in commerce from the University of Science and Technology, Sana'a. She also completed a graduate degree in political science from the  University of Sana'a. She is married to Mohammed al-Nahmi

## Spelling her name in English
**Tawakel** is sometimes spelled differently in Englishsuch as **Tawakul**, **Tawakkol**, **Tawakkul** and **Tawakel Abdel-Salam Karma**n

## Some of her writing in English
Karman, Tawakkol. "Our revolution's doing what Saleh can't - uniting Yemen." *The Guardian*, 9 April 2011.

Karman, Tawakkol. "Yemen’s unfinished revolution." *New York Times*, 18 June 2011.

Karman, Tawakkol. "The world must not forsake Yemen's struggle for freedom." *The Guardian*, 1 November 2011. (Includes a link to the Arabic version.)

Karman, Tawakkol. "Tawakkol Karman - Nobel Lecture." *Nobelprize.org*. 10 Dec 2011. (Includes links to the English, Norwegian, and Arabic versions.)

## Related pages 
* List of Nobel Prize winners by country
* Leymah Gbowee 
* Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf

## References
## Other websites 
* Renowned activist and press freedom advocate Tawakul Karman , interviewed by Nadia Al-Sakkaf, *Yemen Times*, 17 June 2010
* Tawakel Karman interview with Al Jazeera
* Press Conference of 2011 Nobel Laureate, Tawakkul Karman Women's eNews.
* Tawakkol Karman's Official Facebook
* Tawakkol Karman's official Twitter
* Tawakkol Karman's Official website
Boltzmann constant

:*For the constant pertaining to energy of black body radiation see Stefan–Boltzmann constant*

The **Boltzmann constant** (*k* or *k*B) is a physical constant. It is defined to be  J/K. It relates the average kinetic energy of a particle in a gas with the temperature of the gas. It is the gas constant *R* divided by the Avogadro constant *N*A:

:k = \frac{R}{N_{\rm A}}\,

The Boltzmann constant has SI units of J⋅K−1 (also written J/K), the same as entropy. It is named after the Austrian physicist Ludwig Boltzmann.

## References
December Boys

***December Boys*** is a 2007 Australian movie. It was directed by Rod Hardy and written by Marc Rosenberg. It was taken from the 1963 novel of the same name by Michael Noonan. It was released on 14 September 2007 in the UK and US and 20 September 2007 in Australia. *December Boys* is Daniel Radcliffe's first non-*Harry Potter* movie role since 2001's *The Tailor of Panama*.

## References
Anapsid

An **anapsid** is an amniote whose skull does not have openings on the sides behind the eyes. This is
#A primitive ('basal') condition for early amniotes in the Mississippian (early Carboniferous).
#A secondary ('derived') condition of some other reptile groups, probably including turtles (Chelonia).

Some other groups were anapsids, such as the mesosaurs.

## References
Verdin

The **Verdin** (*Auriparus flaviceps*) is a small bird. It is the only species in the genus *Auriparus*, and the only species in the family found in the New World.

The Verdin is a very small bird. At 4.5&nbsp;inches in length, it rivals the Bushtit as one of the smallest passerines in North America. It is gray overall, and adults have a bright yellow head and rusty "shoulder patch" (the lesser coverts). Unlike the tits, it has a sharply pointed bill.

Verdins are insectivores. They keep looking among the desert trees and scrubs. They usually live alone except when they pair up to make their nests. They are very friendly birds. Verdins occasionally try to get tidbits of dried sugar water from hummingbird feeders.

Verdins always have and will live in southwestern United States and northern Mexico, ranging from southeastern California to Texas, throughout Baja California and into central Mexico, north of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt.
Hoei

**Hoei** may mean:
* Hōei, a Japanese era name (1704-1711)
* 1707 Hōei earthquake
* Hōei eruption of Mount Fuji, most recent event at this active volcano (December 1707-January 1708)
Diapsid

* skull shows the two temporal fenestrae typical of diapsids, plus the antorbital fenestra in fron of the eyes.]]

A **diapsid** is a reptile with two fenestrae (holes) behind the eye on each side of its skull. Most reptiles are diapsids, and the condition does not occur in mammals. The function of the holes is to improve jaw movements, and to reduce the weight of the skull. The holes give places for muscle attachment; also, as jaw muscles contract, the holes allow space for the muscles to bulge.

The *Allosaurus'' skull shows the way the skull became lighter in dinosaurs, especially the large theropods. It is here not much more than a series of struts, yet provides massive bite power.

## Euryapsids 
Some aquatic reptile groups lost the lower of the two openings, leaving just one behind the eye. This is called the **euryapsid** condition. It is fairly certain that this is secondary, and that the groups were originally diapsids. The groups include:
*Ichthyosaurs
*Plesiosaurs
*Placodonts
Copenhagen Airport

**Copenhagen Airport**  () or **Copenhagen Airport** (; ) is an international airport in Denmark that has 3 terminals. It is the largest airport in the Nordic countries.

Scandinavian Airlines and Norwegian Air Shuttle are the largest airlines in Copenhagen.

It is located 8 kilometres (5.0&nbsp;mi) south of Copenhagen city centre, and 24 kilometres (15&nbsp;mi) west of Malmö city centre.

There are three runways: 3,600m, 3,300m and 2,800m, all are asphalt.

The most popular flight destinations from Copenhagen are London, Oslo and Stockholm.

## History
*1925 - Opens for service.
*1939 - The first Terminal ever was built.
*1940 - The Runway was expanded
*1946 - SAS got a building near it
*1960 - Terminal 2 was built
*1969 - Terminal 1 was upgraded
*1982 - The Cargo terminal opens.
*1998 - Terminal 3 was built
*2006 - 20 million passengers for the first time.
*2007 - A metro station opens, connecting the airport to the Copenhagen Metro.
*2010 - The new low cost terminal CPH Go opens the 31st of October.

Passengers (2010)  21,501,750

* 2015 - The airport got a renovation

* 2025 - 100 years anniversary 

## Sources
Multiplayer online game

A **Multiplayer Online Game** is a multiplayer video game which can be played over the internet, with other players around the world. Some examples of this are *Battlefield 2*, *Halo 3*, *Counter-Strike*, *Quake 3*, *StarCraft*,  *Call of Duty: Black Ops*, *NBA 2K11*, and the Sega Meganet.

These games are different from MMORPGs because they do not create a persistent world, but create a playing arena for the purpose of a single game or round.
NBA 2K11

***NBA 2K11*** is a basketball video game. It was developed by Visual Concepts and 3K Sports and published by 2K Sports. It was released on October 5, 2010 on Xbox 360, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PSP, PC, while the Wii version came out on October 21, 2010. Retired Chicago Bulls star Michael Jordan is the cover athlete of the game and is featured in the game in different ways. *NBA 2K11* is the successor to *NBA 2K10* and is succeeded by *NBA 2K12*.

## References
Heydar Aliyev International Airport

**Heydar Aliyev International Airport** (IATA: **GYD**, ICAO: **UBBB**) is the international airport in Azerbaijan. It is 20&nbsp;km (12&nbsp;mi) northeast of the capital city Baku. The airport is the home of Azerbaijan Airlines (AZAL).

Runways: 2,700x60m (8,858&nbsp;ft) Asphalt, 3,200x45m (10,499&nbsp;ft) Asphalt/Concrete

## Other websites 
* Heydar Aliyev International Airport Renovation Project  
* Baku International Airport Official Website
Doug Hutchison

**Doug Hutchison** (born 26 May 1960) is an  American actor. He was in the *X-Files* and *The Green Mile*.  He owns the production company Dark Water Inc.Hutchison was born in Dover, Delaware, the son of Deloris and Richard Hutchison.

## Personal life
On May 20, 2011, Hutchison married Courtney Alexis Stodden (born August 29, 1994) in Las Vegas, Nevada. Stodden is Hutchison's third wife.

## Filmography
## References
Weapons of World War I

Major advances were made to weapon technology during World War I.  There were better grenades, flame throwers,  poison gas, and artillery. The submarine, warplane and the tank were new weapons. 

Both sides used a much better heavy machine gun than they had used before in Europe. Four to six people worked one. They fired 400 to 600 bullets per minute. The machine guns got too hot and needed water on them. This kind of  gun was invented in 1884 by Hiram Maxim. The German version was the MG08. The British used the Vickers machine gun, which was very safe and easy to use.  The machine guns changed how war went; and killed many soldiers.  Because they sometimes got too hot, they could be slow. In case that one of the crew of the machine gun were shot, the whole squad were trained to fill their spot. As the war progressed, more machine guns were used in trench warfare in combination with barbed wire defensive positions, making them the most deadly weapon on the battle field.

The normal British army rifle was the Lee Enfield 0.303. This was made in 1907 by James Lee. The Lee Enfield could fire twelve bullets per minute. The Germans used the Mauser rifle made in 1898 by Paul Mauser. This was an excellent rifle, but it only held five bullets.

## References
Yume Nikki

is a PC game. It was made in 2007 by a Japanese game creator named Kikiyama. It was created using RPG Maker 2003. It is about a girl named  who has odd dreams when she falls asleep.

The game is known for its strange and sometimes scary content, such as an alien who plays piano and a girl who sometimes turns into a monster when you turn off the light.

The game is free, and the official English version was put on Steam.

## Gameplay
Madotsuki lives alone in a small apartment with a bed, an old game console, and a desk where she writes a diary of her dreams. The player controls Madotsuki and can move her using the arrow keys. If you make her go to sleep by interacting with the bed, she goes into a dream version of her room. From there, you can make her explore 12 different dream worlds by going through doors that are in a large, dark place north of her room. From these worlds, other dream worlds can be accessed.

To beat the game, the player has to find all 24 "effects" that are hidden in Madotsuki's dreams. Effects cause a change to Madotsuki, like turning her into a witch or making her small. The player can drop them in the main dream area, where they turn into egg-like objects. When they wake up, there is a step-ladder on Madotsuki’s balcony. Walking off it makes Madotsuki jump off the building to her likely death, ending the game.

## Other websites 
*Yume Nikki & KIKIYAMA's Official Website
Dean Edwards

**Dean Edwards** (born July 30, 1970) is an American actor and comedian. Edwards joined the cast of *Saturday Night Live* in 2001. He created several impressions. These include Michael Jackson, Wayne Brady, Chris Tucker, Don Cheadle, Colin Powell, Serena Williams, Nipsey Russell, Denzel Washington, Grace Jones, and Billy Ocean. Chris Tucker was Edwards' first impression. This was also the an impression done by Jay Pharoah on his first *SNL* episode on September 25, 2010. Even though Edwards was very good at impressions, he was not used much during his time working on the program. He left after the program's 28th season. He said it was because of creative differences. He also appeared in ''Tony N' Tina's Wedding*, *The Sopranos*, *Robotomy*, and *Scared Shrekless*. In *Scared Shrekless* and *Thriller Night'', he voiced the part of Donkey.

Many feel that Edwards voice and style is very similar to that of Eddie Murphy. 
 
On YouTube, Edwards currently has his own channel known as "deanedwardscomedy".

## References
## Other websites
* Official website 
* 
* Dailycomedy.com
Shōtoku (era)

was a  after *Hōei* and before *Kyōhō.*  This period started in April 1711 and ended in June 1716.  During this time, the emperor was .

The *nengō* *Shōtoku* means "Correct Virtue".

## Events of the *Shōtoku* Era
* **1711** (*Shōtoku 1*): An ambassador from Korea was received at Court.
* **12 November 1712** (*Shōtoku 2, 14th day of the 10th month*): Shogun Tokugawa Ienobu died.
* **1714** (*Shōtoku 4*): The poet Nozawa Bonchō died. 
* **20 April 1715** (*Shōtoku 5, 17th day of the 3rd month*): The 100th anniversary of the death of Tokugawa Ieyasu was celebrated.

## Related pages 
* Edo period

## References 
## Other websites 
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Ice storm

**Ice storms** are weather phenomena caused by freezing rain. The falling rain comes into contact with surfaces and turns into a thin sheet of ice. Ice storms cause accidents, take power lines down and cause serious damage.

## Formation 
It starts with a layer of warmer (not freezing) air above a layer of huge-freezing temperatures lower down. Frozen precipitation melts to rain while falling into the warm air layer, and then begins to refreeze in the cold layer below. 
#If the precipitate refreezes while still in the air, it will land on the ground as sleet. 
#Or, the liquid droplets continue to fall without freezing. They pass through the cold air just above the surface. This thin layer of air cools the rain to a temperature below freezing (), but the drops themselves do not freeze. This is a phenomenon called supercooling. When the supercooled drops strike ground or anything else below  (e.g. power lines, tree branches, aircraft), a layer of ice builds up, hence "freezing rain".

## Reeferences
Miguel Cabrera

**José Miguel Cabrera Torres**, commonly known as **Miguel Cabrera**, is a former baseball player who played for the Detroit Tigers and Florida Marlins of Major League Baseball (MLB). He was born on April 18, 1983 in Maracay, *Venezuela*. He is a first baseman and a right-handed player; he bats and throws right-handed.  At the beginning of his career, he was a third baseman.  Cabrera is regarded as one of the best batters of all time - he currently holds the highest batting average among active players and is 2nd among active players in career home runs.

## Games 
Cabrera has played a total of 2,226 games and compiled .317 average with 462 homers and 1,613 RBIs from 2003 to 2017. He is a seven-time Silver Slugger Award winner. Also, he was an American League (AL) Home run leader in 2008, a AL RBI Champion in 2010, a AL leading hitter in 2011.  In 2012, Cabrera won the AL Triple Crown, leading the league in home runs, RBI and average.  He won the 2012 AL MVP.  In 2013, he improved on the previous year's performance, and won a second AL MVP.

## Popularity 
Also, Cabrera is a popular MLB player. He is an 11-time All Star. He was a National League All Star in 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and an AL All Star every year from 2010 to 2016. He is nicknamed '***Miggy***' by his fans.

Cabrera is well known for his ability to drive pitches.  He hits for power to all fields, and is able to hit every type of pitch.

Cabrera's wife is named Rosangel. They have two daughters and one son. Cabrera and his family live in Birmingham, Michigan.

## References 
*Batting stats at Baseball-reference.com. Retrieved December 13, 2011.
*Biography.  Jockbio.com. Retrieved December 13, 2011.
Bushtit

The **bushtit** (*Psaltriparus minimus*) is a long-tailed tit found in North America. It is the only species in the family found in the New World, and the only member of the genus *Psaltriparus*.

The bushtit lives in mixed open woodlands. It also lives in parks and gardens. It lives in the western United States and highland parts of Mexico all year, ranging from Vancouver through the Great Basin and the lowlands and foothills of California to southern Mexico and Guatemala.

The bushtit is one of the smallest passerines in North America, at 11&nbsp;cm in length and 5.3&nbsp;g in weight. It is gray-brown overall, with a large head, a short neck, a long tail, and a short stubby bill. The male has dark eyes and the adult female, yellow.

The bushtit is active and gregarious, searching for small insects and spiders in mixed-species feeding flocks with species such as chickadees and warblers, of 10 to over 40 birds. Members of the group keep making calls to each other that can be described as a short *tsit*.
Heterojunction bipolar transistor

The **heterojunction bipolar transistor** (**HBT**) is  a type of bipolar junction transistor (BJT) which uses different semiconductor materials for the emitter and base regions, making a heterojunction. The HBT  can handle signals of much higher frequencies, (up to several hundred GHz) than BJT. HBT is commonly used in modern ultrafast circuits, mostly radio-frequency (RF) systems, and in applications requiring a high power efficiency, such as RF power amplifiers in mobile  phones. The idea of using a heterojunction is as old as the conventional BJT, dating back to a patent from 1951.

## Materials
 in base assists electron transport in base region; Light colors indicate depleted regions ]]
The principal difference between the BJT and HBT is in the use of different semiconductor materials for the emitter and base regions, making a heterojunction. This limits the injection of holes from the base into the emitter region, since the potential barrier in the valence band is higher than in the conduction band. Unlike BJT technology, this allows a high doping density to be used in the base. The high doping density reduces the base resistance while maintaining gain. The efficiency of the heterojunction is measured by the Kroemer factor.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* HBT Optoelectronic Circuits developed in the Technion (15Mb, 230p)
* New Material Structure Produces World's Fastest Transistor  604&nbsp;GHz Early 2005
World of Tanks

***World of Tanks*** is a team-based massively played multiplayer online game featuring tanks from the World War II era. the 1930s to the 1950s. World of Tanks includes more than 500 armored vehicles from China, the Soviet Union, Germany, the United States, France, Britain, Japan, Italy, Sweden, Poland and Czechoslovakia.  The vehicles have been carefully detailed with historical accuracy. Eventually, there will be around 500 vehicles available in the game. World of Tanks was released on April 12, 2011 in Europe and North America. There has been a mobile version of the game, World of Tanks Blitz

## References
Wet chemistry

**Wet chemistry** studies chemical reactions that  in the liquid phase. It is also called **bench chemistry** because many of the tests performed are done at a lab bench.

## Materials
Wet chemistry uses laboratory glassware, such as beakers and flasks, without quantitative chemical analysis using instrumentation. Many high school and college laboratories teach students basic wet chemistry methods.

## History
Before the age of theoretical and computational chemistry, it was the main form of scientific discovery in the chemical field. So, some people call wet chemistry **classic chemistry** or **classical chemistry**. Today's society and quality control requirements need a high volume of wet chemistry. So, many wet chemistry methods have been automated and computerized for faster analysis.

## Uses
Wet chemistry techniques can be used for qualitative chemical measurements, such as changes in color (colorimetry), but often involves more quantitative chemical measurements, using methods such as gravimetry and titrimetry. Some uses for wet chemistry include tests for:

* pH (acidity, alkalinity)
* concentration
* conductivity (Specific Conductance)
* cloud point (nonionic surfactants)
* hardness
* solids or dissolved solids
* salinity
* specific gravity
* density
* turbidity
* viscosity
* moisture (Karl Fischer titration)

Wet chemistry is also used in environmental chemistry settings and is used for to test:

* Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
* Chemical Oxygen Demand
* eutrophication
* coating identification

It can also involve the elemental analysis of samples, e.g., water sources, for items like:

* Ammonia Nitrogen
* Chloride
* Chromium
* Cyanide
* dissolved Oxygen
* Fluoride
* Nitrogen
* Nitrate
* Phenols
* Phosphate
* Phosphorus
* Silica
* Sulfate, Sulfide

## Further reading
* 

## Other websites
*Wet Chemistry Lab Photo
Placodont

of placodonts. They had front teeth which grabbed shellfish, and flat back teeth which crushed the shells.]]

**Placodonts** were a group of Triassic marine reptiles which had heavy flat teeth. These teeth were used for crushing shellfish. Placodonts are in the Order Sauropterygia, the group that includes Plesiosaurs. Placodonts were mostly between  in length, up to a maximum  long. They are found in marine sediments of the Middle and Upper Triassic, 235&ndash;250 million years ago.

The first specimen was discovered in 1830, and the group was very widely distributed. Shellfish were common throughout the Mesozoic period, but this group of shellfish-eaters went extinct at the end of the Triassic. They were clearly a victim of some event which disturbed their lifestyle. The end-Triassic had several extinction events which are not well understood.

## Palaeobiology
The earliest forms like ***Placodus***, in the early to middle Triassic, looked rather barrel-shaped. Later placodonts had bony plates on their backs which protected their bodies while they were feeding.

By the Upper Triassic, these plates had grown so that some placodonts of the time looked like the sea turtles of modern day.  Other placodonts developed plates that resembled the shells of horseshoe crabs and trilobites rather than those of sea turtles. These adaptations are examples of convergent evolution. 

Because of their dense bone and heavy armour plating, these creatures would have been too heavy to float in the ocean. They would have used a lot of energy to reach the water surface. For this reason, and because of the type of sediment found with the fossils, it is suggested placodonts lived in shallow waters and not in deep oceans.

### Feeding 
The placodonts ate shellfish. Their front teeth stuck out: they would be used to dig up the shellfish, and pull them from any attachment to the ground. Inside their mouth, the teeth were large and flat: they were used to crush the shells.

:"Spade-like incisors at the front, for snipping and scraping oysters from the rocks; and broad circular back teeth that acted as a pounding board to crush the shells, before the flesh was swallowed". Benton.p119

Their diet consisted of marine bivalves, brachiopods, and other invertebrates.

## References
Becoming Jane

***Becoming Jane*** is a movie directed by Julian Jarrold in 2007. The setting of this movie is Hampshire, England in the 1700s. The movie’s story was based on a fictional biography written by Jon Spence. Anne Hathaway played Jane Austen. James McAvoy played Thomas Lefroy. This movie won the 2007 People's Choice Award for "Favorite Independent Movie". It was nominated for 2008 Ivor Novello Award for Best Original Film Score.

## Plot
Jane (played by Anne Hathaway) is a writer. She lives in a rural area. Her father is a pastor of small church. Her family is poor. She is under a lot of stress since her mother wants her to marry Mr. Wisley (Laurence Fox). He is the nephew of the wealthy Lady Gresham (Maggie Smith).

Meanwhile, Thomas Lefroy (played by James McAvoy) is working with his uncle as a lawyer in London. He is ordered to go Hampshire due to his dissipated life. When they meet the first time, Tom criticizes Jane’s works and she becomes angry about that. Both of them have hostile feelings toward each other. However, the feelings changes into affection as they meet several times. Finally they decide to marry. With a lot of expectation, they visits Tom’s uncle Judge Langlois. The uncle does not approve of the marriage due to Jane’s poverty. They break up, but since they love each other deeply, they elope. But after knowing about the fact that Tom is the only hope of his family, Jane gives up their elopement and leaves to go home.

Twenty years later, Jane becomes famous writer and after a gathering, Jane and Tom meet again. There, Tom is with his daughter who likes Jane’s book a lot. His daughter asks Jane to read the novel. To stop her Tom called his daughter’s name – Jane. Knowing that Tom named his daughter after her, Jane accepts her request and reads her book, *Pride and Prejudice*.
Styx Records

**Styx Records** is an Austrian record label. It was founded in 1999  by the former drummer of theMojo Blues Band, Peter Müller. The label focuses on blues, rhythm&blues and boogie woogie from Austria.
## Artists
* Mojo Blues Band;
* Frank Muschalle Trio; 
* Vince Weber; 
* Martin Pyrker; 
* Andreas Sobczyk;
* Siggi Fassl;
* Norbert Schneider’s R&B Caravan; 
* Henning Pertiet Trio; 
## Other websites 
* Styx Records Homepage with samples from the labels records
Queen Seondeok of Silla

**Queen Seondeok of Silla** (606 – 8 January 647) was 27th ruler of Silla, one of the three ancient kingdoms of Korea. She was a daughter of King Jinpyeong and Lady Maya of the Kim clan. Because King Jinpyeong did not have any sons, Queen Seondeok became the first female ruler in Korean history after her father died. Besides the name Seondeok, she was also called **Sung-Jo Hwang-Go** which means "sacred and dedicated queen".

Queen Seondeok was an intelligent and capable ruler who established the foundation of Silla's unity of Korea peninsula. She ruled her kingdom wisely and improved her people’s life. Also, she made a lot of effort to accept advanced culture of ancient China by sending international students and monks. The star-gazing tower named Cheomseongdae and wooden tower with nine floors in Hwangnyongsa temple are the results of her effort.

According to some legend (in Korean history book *Samguk Sagi*) related to her, Queen Seondeok had great intuition and foresight. She noticed where the enemy was hiding by natural phenomena, predicted many incidents before it happened, and even knew when she would die a couple of days ago and left her will before death. Because of her extraordinary and heroic life, many Korean people make novels, plays, musicals and so on till now.

## References
Disability Discrimination Act 1995

The **Disability Discrimination Act 1995** (c 50) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which has now been repealed and replaced by the Equality Act 2010 (http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/15/contents), except in Northern Ireland where the Act still applies. Formerly, it made it unlawful to discriminate against people in respect of their disabilities in relation to employment, the provision of goods and services, education and transport.
Harrington Hump

railway station]]
The **Harrington Hump** is a modular and easy-to-install system by which the height of a railway platform can be increased at relatively low cost. The system takes its name from the Harrington railway station, which was the location of the first production version. Harrington Humps are slowly being installed on other UK railway stations.
Pachypleurosaur

**Pachypleurosaurs** were primitive sauropterygian reptiles that vaguely resembled aquatic lizards, and were limited to the Triassic period.  They were long animals, ranging in size from 20 cm to about four metres in length, with small heads, long necks, paddle-like limbs, and long deep tails.  The limb girdles are greatly reduced, so it is unlikely these animals could move about on land.  The widely spaced peg-like teeth project at the front of the jaws, indicate that these animals fed on fish.

Pachypleurosaurs are usually included among the Nothosaurs. 

## References
Pororo the Little Penguin

***Pororo the Little Penguin*** () is a Korean animated children's television series planned by Iconix Entertainment. Each season has 52 episodes and three seasons have been aired in South Korea until now. The series was ran since November 27, 2003 on the Korean channel, EBS. About 110 countries imported Pororo and aired it. Pororo is so loved by children in South Korea, and he is perceived as an idol of children, so he is called Bbo-tong-ryung () which means president Pororo.

## Characters 
* **Pororo** - The main character of this animation. He is little blue penguin. He always acts on impulse, because he is very curious. He is obsessed about unusual stuff. He enjoys adventures and challenges.
* **Crong** - A little dinosaur who is found in the snow. He is a troublemaker. He wants to know many things and do many things.
* **Eddy** - A little fox who wants to be a scientist. He invents many things that cause problems. He shows off himself and his inventions.
* **Rody** - A robot who is strong. He has arms and legs stretch. Eddy made Rody, imitating before.
* **Poby** - A big polar bear. He is so kind that he is always there to help his friends when they are in trouble.
* **Tongtong** - A little dragon who has magical powers. He can fly and transform before. He appears in the animation from the third season.
* **Loopy** - A little beaver. She is a crybaby who is very timid. However, she is nice to her friends and takes care of them.
* **Petty** - A little female penguin. She is good at sports although bad at cooking.
* **Harry** - A little bird who is pleasant. Even though he is tone-deaf, he enjoys singing. He always brightens up the atmosphere.
* **Popo and Pipi** - Funny aliens. Popo is timid and feminine, and Pipi is eager and outgoing.

## Episodes
### Season 1 (2003–04)
### Season 2 (2005–06)
### Season 3 (2009)
Indigo bunting

The **indigo bunting** (*Passerina cyanea*) is a small seed-eating bird. It is migratory. Its range is from southern Canada to northern Florida during the breeding season, and from southern Florida to northern South America during the winter. It often migrates by night, using the stars to navigate. Its habitat is farmland, brush areas, and open woodland. The indigo bunting is closely related to the lazuli bunting. 

The indigo bunting is a small bird, with a length of 11.5&ndash;13&nbsp;cm (4.5–5&nbsp;in). The male is a vibrant blue in the summer and a brown color during the winter months, while the female is brown year-round. The male displays brightly colored plumage during the breeding season to attract a mate. Nest-building and incubation are done solely by the female.  The diet of the indigo bunting is insects during the summer months and seeds during the winter months.
The Railway Magazine

***The Railway Magazine*** is a monthly British railway magazine, aimed at the railway enthusiast market, that has been published in London since July 1897.  it has been, for three years running, the railway magazine with the largest circulation in the U.K., having a monthly average sale during 2009 of 34,715 (the figure for 2007 being 34,661). It was published by IPC Media until October 2010, with ISSN 0033-8923, and in 2007 won IPC's 'Magazine of the Year' award. From November 2010, The Railway Magazine is now published by Mortons Media Group Ltd. (Mortons of Horncastle).

## References
## Bibliography
*  
*  
* 
* 

## Other websites 
* Official website