Motion Picture Association film rating system

The **Motion Picture Association film rating system** is a system used by the MPA. It is meant to help parents and movie-goers decide which movie is suitable for their families and children.

## Ratings 
### MPA film ratings 
The MPA film ratings are as follows:

In 2013, the MPA ratings were visually redesigned, with the rating displayed on a left panel and the name of the rating shown above it. A larger panel on the right provides a more detailed description of the film's content and an explanation of the rating level is placed on a horizontal bar at the bottom of the rating.

## History of Movie Ratings 
The MPA has made many changes to its movie rating system. When the film ratings were created in 1968, it consists of only four movie ratings. From 1968 to 1970, the four ratings were:
* **Rated G** - Suggested for general audiences.
* **Rated M** - Suggested for mature audiences. Parental discretion advised.
* **Rated R** - Restricted. Persons under 16 are not admitted unless accompanied by parent or adult guardian.
* **Rated X** - Persons under 16 will not be admitted.

In 1970, the M rating became replaced with "GP" because of the confusion as to whether "M-rated" movies would be appropriate for their children. In addition, the minimum age for R and X-rated movies were raised from 16 to 17. From 1970 to 1972, the movie ratings consisted of four new ratings:
* **Rated G** - General Audiences. All ages admitted.
* **Rated GP** - Guidance Parental. May contain some suggestive content.
* **Rated R** - Restricted. Persons under 17 are not admitted unless accompanied by parent or adult guardian.
* **Rated X** - Persons under 17 not admitted.

In 1972, the "GP" rating was renamed to "PG" and renamed to "Parental Guidance Suggested". From 1972 to 1984, the ratings were:
* **Rated G** - General Audiences. All ages admitted.
* **Rated PG** - Parental Guidance Suggested. Some material may not be suitable for pre-teenagers.
* **Rated R** - Restricted. Persons under 17 are not admitted unless accompanied by parent or adult guardian.
* **Rated X** - Persons under 17 not admitted.

In 1984, the "PG-13" rating was created after some parents were unhappy about some movies like Gremlins and Temple of Doom being rated PG and felt the content was given the wrong rating. They asked the MPAA to raise their ratings from PG to R. However, the MPAA felt neither films were strong enough to be given an R-rating so as a response, the MPAA introduced the PG-13 rating warning parents some material may be inappropriate for children under 13. From 1984 to 1990, the ratings were:
* **Rated G** - General Audiences. All ages admitted.
* **Rated PG** - Parental Guidance Suggested. Some material may not be suitable for children.
* **Rated PG-13**- Parents Strongly Cautioned. Some material may be inappropriate for children under 13.
* **Rated R** - Restricted. Persons under 17 are not admitted unless accompanied by parent or adult guardian.
* **Rated X** - Persons under 17 not admitted.

In 1990, the X rating had been discontinued and replaced with "NC-17" because some people incorrectly assumed "X" films meant the movie was pornographic. From 1990 to 1994, the ratings were:
* **Rated G** - General Audiences. All ages admitted.
* **Rated PG** - Parental Guidance Suggested. Some material may not be suitable for children.
* **Rated PG-13**- Parents Strongly Cautioned. Some material may be inappropriate for children under 13.
* **Rated R** - Restricted. Persons under 17 are not admitted unless accompanied by parent or adult guardian.
* **Rated NC-17** - No one under 17 admitted.

In 1995, the minimum age for the NC-17 rating was raised from 17 to 18, and re-worded as "No one 17 and under" to exclude 17 year olds. In the mid-2010s, the NC-17 rating was titled "Adults only".

From 1995 to 2014, the ratings were:
* **Rated G** - General Audiences. All ages admitted.
* **Rated PG** - Parental Guidance Suggested. Some material may not be suitable for children.
* **Rated PG-13** - Parents Strongly Cautioned. Some material may be inappropriate for children under 13.
* **Rated R** - Restricted. Persons under 17 are not admitted unless accompanied by parent or adult guardian.
* **Rated NC-17** - No one 17 and under admitted.

Since 2014, the ratings are:
* **Rated G** - General Audiences. All ages admitted.
* **Rated PG** - Parental Guidance Suggested. Some material may not be suitable for children.
* **Rated PG-13** - Parents Strongly Cautioned. Some material may be inappropriate for children under 13.
* **Rated R** - Restricted. Persons under 17 are not admitted unless accompanied by parent or adult guardian.
* **Rated NC-17** - No one 17 and under admitted.

### NC-17 
The NC-17 rating is the highest rating (even higher than the R-rating) that a film can be given, and it means the movie is for adults only (ages 18 and older) and no one age 17 or younger will be admitted. This rating, prior to 1990, was previously rated X. As the 1980s was ending, the MPA announced that beginning in 1990, the X-rating will be replaced with NC-17.

The NC-17 rating is very rare because most retailers, newspapers, advertisers, streaming service providers (like HBO), and movie theaters refuse to stock, air, or premiere NC-17 rated content. For this reason, movie directors view the NC-17 rating as a death sentence because viewership for their film will be very low. This encourages directors to edit their movies, making changes to the scenes that the MPAA raised as the reasons for the NC-17 rating, including editing or cutting the scene completely. They then resubmit the movie for a classification, in which most of the time, they successfully get the R-rating. Some examples of NC-17 rated films include *Henry & June* (1990), *Showgirls* (1995) and *Blonde* (2022). Films are given the NC-17 rating primarily due to their use of sexual activity including nudity, whereas a few of them are given the classification because of their extreme violence that is too cruel to be allowed in an R-rated film.

Prior to 1995, NC-17 stood for "**No Children under 17 admitted** when 17 was the minimum age for admittance. In 1995, the MPA raised the minimum age from 17 to 18. Beginning with 1995, the rating was retitled for **No one 17 and under admitted** to exclude 17 year olds.

### Difference between R and NC-17
The main difference between an R and NC-17 rating follows:
* **R-rated** films allows viewers of any age to be admitted to the feature. However, patrons under the age of 17 are required to be accompanied by their parent or legal guardian to be admitted. Otherwise, they will not be allowed in.
* **NC-17 rated** films only allow adults to be admitted to the feature. No one under the age of 18 is allowed admittance.

## Related pages 
* Film rating systems

## References