open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Cape Fear (1962 movie)

***Cape Fear*** is a 1962 American psychological thriller movie. It was directed by J. Lee Thompson and it was produced by Sy Bartlett. *Cape Fear* was released on April 12, 1962. It is adapted from the John D. MacDonald novel *The Executioners*. The movie is about an attorney who along with his family is stalked by a vengeful criminal who he had helped send to jail for rape. A remake of the movie was made by Martin Scorsese and was released in 1991.

The movie got positive reviews from critics. It has a 95% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Movie critic Bosley Crowther of the New York Times said that he liked the "tough, tight script" and the "steady and starkly sinister style" that the movie had to it. He finished his review by saying "this is really one of those shockers that provokes disgust and regret." Cady was ranked as #28 on the American Film Institute's list of top 50 movie villains of all time.

## Cast 
* Gregory Peck as Sam Bowden
* Robert Mitchum as Max Cady
* Polly Bergen as Peggy Bowden
* Lori Martin as Nancy Bowden
* Martin Balsam as Mark Dutton
* Jack Kruschen as Dave Grafton
* Telly Savalas as Charlie Sievers
* Barrie Chase as Diane Taylor
* Paul Comi as George Garner
* Edward Platt as Judge

## References
## Other websites
*
Pinto Colvig

**Vance DeBar "Pinto" Colvig** (September 11, 1892 - October 3, 1967) was an American actor, voice actor, newspaper cartoonist, circus performer, vaudeville performer, animator, and writer. He was best known as the original Bozo the Clown. He was the voice of Disney's Goofy. In 1993 he was honored with a Disney Legends award.

## Life and career 
Colvig was born in 1892 in Jacksonville, Oregon. He was the youngest of seven children. He was nicknamed "Pinto" because of all his freckles. Colvig grew up in Jacksonville and nearby Medford. He spend a good deal of time king the sounds he heard all around him. He could mimic the sound of farm animals, a y  and noises from around the village. He was a comedy writer and played bit parts for Mack Sennett. He eventually performed as a circus clown. In 1946 he was hired by Capitol Records to work on the world's first read-along book “Bozo at the Circus.” He was 75 years old.

## Filmography
## References
Hurricane Joaquin

**Hurricane Joaquin** (wah-keen) was a strong tropical cyclone. It threatened the Bahamas and the East Coast of the United States.

Joaquin  became the most powerful cyclone in the Atlantic in 2015.  Hurricane Joaquin passed over the warmest ocean temperatures since record keeping began in 1880, of near 86°F (30°C).

The storm developed on September 28. It became Tropical Storm Joaquin on September 29, and a hurricane the day after.

The storm later threatened Bermuda.

Thirty-four people were killed in the storm, including 33 on the ship *El Faro*.

The name *Joaquin* was retired. It was replaced with *Julian*.

## References
Bye (sports)

A **bye** in sports and other competitive activities can have two different meanings. Both mean that a  in a competition is not required to  while most of the other participants are. Its main use is in tournament competitions. In single- tournaments, when there are an odd number of participants, a bye allows one or more to play in a later round. Other types of eliminator tournaments may also include a bye for others reasons. An example would be as a reward for the best  team(s).

In  tournaments where there are an odd number of competitors, usually one gets a bye in each round. However, over the whole tournament, each team plays the same number of games.

Similar to the round-robin context, in s where most teams play on the same days during regular-season play, a team that does not play on a given day is said to be on bye. In sports that are played weekly, especially gridiron football, a team that does not play at all during a given week is said to be on its **bye week**. For example, during the regular football Season in the NFL, each team gets a week off (bye week) during the regular season.

## References
Ten Thousand Fists

***Ten Thousand Fists*** is the third studio album by Disturbed. Disturbed is an American heavy metal band. The album was released on September 20, 2005. It was the band's first album with John Moyer playing the bass guitar. This is because Steve Kmak left the band in 2003. The album was produced by John Karkazis. It was the band's third album produced by Karkazis.

The album was number one on the *Billboard* 200, an American music chart. It was Disturbed's second album to do this. In one week, over 200,000 copies of the album were sold. The album was certified platinum by the RIAA. The album also had a cover version of "Land of Confusion". This is a song by Genesis. The cover was number one on *Billboard*'s Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. The album was made for Dimebag Darrell, a music maker that was killed before it was released.

## Track listing
## References
Edith Claire Bryce

**Edith Claire Bryce** (May 6, 1880 – February 28, 1960) was an American peace activist. She founded the Peace House.

## Biography
Bryce was born on May 6, 1880. Her father was General Lloyd Stephens Bryce, the United States Ambassador to the Netherlands. Her mother was Edith Cooper Bryce, a Millionairess who died in 1916 leaving $ 3,000,000 to her family in her will. She married John Sergeant Cram. She founded Peace House, dedicated to the ment of peace. She died on February 28, 1960. She was buried in Green-Wood Cemetery.

## References
## Other websites
*Edith Claire Bryce at Findagrave
Rose Livingston

and Rose Livingston in New York City in 1913]]

**Rose Livingston** (circa 1885 - after 1937) was an American suffragist and former prostitute. She was known as the "Angel of Chinatown". She worked with prostitutes and victims of sexual slavery. 

## Biography
In 1912 while trying to rescue a prostitute she was severely beaten.

In 1914 she participated in one of the Suffrage Hikes from Manhattan to Albany, New York.

In 1929, she was given a gold medal by the National Institute of Social Science.

In 1937 she was awarded a silver cup by Edith Claire Bryce (1880-1960)  of the Peace House for her "deeds of courage without violence".

## References
Joe Wark

**Joe Wark** (9 October 1947 &ndash; 1 October 2015) was a Scottish professional footballer. He spent all of his professional career with Motherwell. He made 464 appearances for the club in the Scottish Football League between 1968 and 1984. He was born in Glasgow.

Wark died after a long illness on 1 October 2015. He was 67.

## References
Jacob Pressman

**Jacob** "**Jack**" **Pressman** (October 26, 1919 &ndash; October 1, 2015) was an American Conservative rabbi. He was the rabbi of Temple Beth Am in Los Angeles, California from 1950 to 1985. He was a co-founder of the American Jewish University in Bel Air. He also wrote a weekly column in *The Beverly Hills Courier* from 2004 to 2015.

Pressman was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was born to Jewish parents, Solomon and Dora Pressman. He was married to Marjorie. They had three children.

Pressman died on October 1, 2015 in Beverly Hills, California. He was 95.

## References
Max Keeping

**Winston Maxwell** "**Max**" **Keeping**  (April 1, 1942 &ndash; October 1, 2015) was a Canadian broadcaster and philanthropist. He was CJOH-DT vice-president of news and public affairs. CJOH-DT is the CTV station in Ottawa, Ontario. He was an anchor for the station from 1972 until his retirement in 2010.

Keeping was born in Grand Bank, Newfoundland. He died from cancer in Ottawa, aged 73.

## References
Usnija Redžepova

**Usnija Redžepova**  (; 4 February 1946 &ndash; 1 October 2015) was a Macedonian who belongend to the Romani people actress and singer. She appeared in the movies *Zenidba nosaca Samuela* (1973), *The Dervish and Death* (1974) and *Kostana* (1980). She was given a national pension from the Serbian government on 29 December 2011.

Redžepova was born in Skopje. She was of Romani people. She died from lung cancer in Belgrade, aged 69.

## References
## Other websites
*
Hedjet

**Hedjet** is the name for the White Crown of Upper Egypt, used in Ancient Egypt. The crown was white and after Lower and Upper Egypt joined together, it was combined with the Deshret, the Red Crown of Lower Egypt. This Double Crown was called the Pschent. The symbol sometimes used for the Hedjet was the vulture goddess Nekhbet. This would be shown next to the head of the cobra goddess  Wadjet, the Uraeus  on the Pschent.

## History 
The white crown has a long history, going back into the Predynastic Period. This shows that kingship had been the base of Egyptian society for some time. The earliest image of the Hedjet was thought to have been in the Qustul in Nubia. New discoveries, particularly the excavation of Cemetery U and the tome U-j, dating to Naqada IIIA have shown that it appears earlier in Egypt.

Nekhbet, the protective goddess of Nekhebet (modern el Kab) near Hierakonpolis, was shown as a woman, sometimes with the head of a vulture, wearing the White Crown. The falcon god Horus of Hierakonpolis (Egyptian: Nekhen) was generally shown wearing a White Crown. The White Crown is on the Narmer Palette found at Hierakonpolis. It shows the king of the South wearing the *hedjet*, triumphing over his northern enemies.  The kings of the united Egypt saw themselves as successors of Horus. Vases from the reign of Khasekhemwy show the king as Horus wearing the White Crown.

As with the Deshret (Red Crown), no example of the White Crown has survived.  It is unknown how it was made or what materials were used. It is possible it was made from felt or leather. The fact that no crown has ever been found, might suggest that the crown was passed from one ruler to the next, much as in present day monarchies.

File:NarmerPalette-CloseUpOfNarmer-ROM.png|Early Dynastic, the White crown: the Narmer Palette of Pharaoh Narmer
File:Louvre_032008_23.jpg|Small bronze statuary usage with the Hedjet, White crown

## References
Cape Fear (1991 movie)

***Cape Fear*** is a 1991 American psychological thriller movie directed by Martin Scorsese and it was produced by Barbara De Fina. *Cape Fear* was released on November 15, 1991. It is adapted from the John D. MacDonald novel *The Executioners*. It is a remake of the 1962 movie of the same name directed by J. Lee Thompson. The movie is about an attorney who is stalked along with his family by a vengeful criminal he had defended in court against rape charges, but was sent to jail for eight years.
## Reviews
The movie got positive reviews from critics. It has a 76% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Movie critic Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the movie 3 out of 4 stars and said that he liked the "Cape Fear is impressive moviemaking, showing Scorsese as a master of a traditional Hollywood genre who is able to mold it to his own themes and obsessions. But as I look at this $35 million movie with big stars, special effects and production values, I wonder whether it represents a good omen from the finest director now at work."
## Awards
At the 64th Academy Awards, Robert De Niro was nominated in the category of Best Actor and Juliette Lewis was nominated in the category of Best Supporting Actress but neither of them won. At the 49th Golden Globe Awards, De Niro was nominated for Best Actor – Drama and Lewis was nominated for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture.

## Cast 
*Robert De Niro as Max Cady
*Nick Nolte as Sam Bowden
*Jessica Lange as Leigh Bowden
*Juliette Lewis as Danielle Bowden
*Joe Don Baker as Claude Kersek
*Robert Mitchum as Lt. Elgart
*Gregory Peck as Lee Heller
*Illeana Douglas as Lori Davis
*Fred Thompson as Tom Broadbent
*Zully Montero as Graciella
*Martin Balsam as Judge
*Charles Scorsese as Fruitstand Customer

## References
## Other websites
*
Hovsta

**Hovsta** is a locality in Örebro Municipality in Örebro County in Sweden. In 2010, 2,785 people lived there.

## References
Saqqara Tablet

The **Saqqara Tablet** is stone from Ancient Egypt. On it is written a list of Egyptian pharaohs from the New Kingdom. It was found in a tomb at Saqqara in 1861. The tomb belonged to Tjenry (or Tjuneroy), an official of the pharaoh Ramesses II. He was a priest and "Overseer of Works on All Royal Monuments". The stone is now in the Egyptian Museum.

The list names 58 kings, from Anedjib and Qa'a in the First Dynasty to Ramesses II in the Nineteenth Dynasty. The list is in reverse chronological order. It leaves out names of "rulers from the Second Intermediate Period, the Hyksos, and those rulers... who had been close to the heretic Akhenaten".

Each name is surrounded by a border known as a cartouche). The stone is badly damaged, and only 47 names have survived. There are mistakes in the list. For example, it only mentions four kings of the Third Dynasty. The order is correct only for the kings of the Twelfth Dynasty. The only known photograph of the king list was published in 1865.

## Kings in the list 
The names are listed in reverse chronological order from the upper right to the bottom left, as they were meant to be read.

## Other New Kingdom royal lists 
* Abydos King List
* Karnak king list
* Turin King List
* Medinet Habu king list

## References 
## Bibliography
* Auguste Mariette: *La table de Saqqarah* in *Revue Archeologique Vol 10*, Paris 1864, p.&nbsp;168-186, Pl. 17
* Emmanuel de Rougé: *Album photographique de la mission remplie en Égypte*, Paris 1865, Photographs, No. 143-145
* Auguste Mariette: *Monuments divers recueillis en Égypte et en Nubie (Tables)*, Paris 1872, Vol. II, Pl. 58
* Eduard Meyer: *Ägyptische Chronologie*, Pl. 1, (Berlin 1904)
Richard W. Mallary

**Richard Walker Mallary** (February 21, 1929 – September 27, 2011) was an American politician. He was as a U.S. Representative from Vermont representing Vermont's At-large congressional district from 1972 to 1975.

Mallary died of prostate cancer in Brookfield, Vermont, aged 82.

## References
Coronel Suárez

**Coronel Suárez** is a town in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It is the head town of the Coronel Suárez Partido.

## History
The Partido was created in 1882 and the city was founded in 1883. It was named after Manuel Isidoro Suárez, a colonel of Argentine army who fought in the Battle of Junín in 1824.
Eugene V. Debs

**Eugene Victor** "**Gene**" **Debs** (November 5, 1855 – October 20, 1926) was an American union leader, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or the Wobblies), and a five times candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States. Through his presidential candidacies, as well as his work with labor movements, Debs eventually became one of the best-known socialists living in the United States. He earned about a million votes in one election while being in prison.

## Early life 
Debs was born on November 5, 1885 in Terre Haute, Indiana. He left school when he was 14 in order to work on scraping paint and grease off cars in the Vandalia Railroad on a 50 cent a day wage.

## References
Gullane Entertainment

**Gullane Entertainment** (originally **The Britt Allcroft Company**) was a television production company and division by Lyrick Studios in the United Kingdom. They produced programs for children, including *Thomas and Friends*.

## Programs
* *Thomas & Friends* (1984-2003, series 1-7)
* *Fireman Sam* (1987–1994)
* *Shining Time Station* (1989–1996)
* *Art Attack* (1990–2007)
* *Magic Adventures of Mumfie* (1994-1998)
* *James the Cat* (1998 series)

## References
Doo-wop

**Doo-wop** is a genre of music that was developed in African-American communities in The USA. It started in the 1940s. Doo-wop achieved mainstream popularity in the 1950s and early 1960s. Built upon vocal harmony, doo-wop was one of the most mainstream, pop-oriented R&B styles of the time. Singer Bill Kenny (1914–1978) is often called the "Godfather of Doo-wop". He introduced the "top and bottom"  which featured a high tenor singing the lead and a bass singer reciting the lyrics in the middle of the song. Doo-wop features vocal group harmony, nonsense syllables, a simple beat, sometimes little or no instrumentation, and simple music and lyrics.

The first record to use the syllables "doo-wop" was the 1955 hit "When You Dance" by the Turbans. The term "doo-wop" first appeared in print in 1961. During the late 1950s many Italian-American groups added to the doo-wop scene. The peak of doo-wop was in 1961. Doo-wop's influence continued in soul, pop, and rock groups of the 1960s. At various times in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, the genre has seen revivals. Doo-wop was a  to many of the afro-American musical styles seen today. An  of jazz and blues, doo-wop also influenced many of the major Rock and Roll groups that defined the later decades of the 20th century. Doo-wop is ic for it’s swing-like beats and using the off-beat to keep time. Doo-wop laid the foundation for many musical innovations, for example, R&B.
 
It has had a revival recently as Meghan Trainor usually makes songs with in the genre.

## References
Holly Madison

**Holly Sue Cullen** (born December 23, 1979), the model is known mostly  as **Holly Madison**, is an American television personality. She is best known for being one of Hugh Hefner's girlfriends on the reality television series *The Girls Next Door*. She also had her own reality series, ''Holly's World''.

## References
Elder High School

**Elder High School** is a Catholic all-boys private high school in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.  The high school has been in existence for 90 years. It is a private high school within the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. This high school is known for its academic and athletic s. It has a strong following of students, alumni, and friends who support the school at sports events. They also support community events and fundraising for capital and operating budgets.

## References
Guido Altarelli

**Guido Altarelli** (July 12, 1941 - September 30, 2015) was an Italian theoretical physicist. He was born in Rome, Italy. 

He held positions at New York University (1968–69), the Rockefeller University (New York, 1969–70),  l' École Normale Supérieure in Paris (76-77, 81), and Boston University (85-86).

## Awards
* Member of the Polish Academy of Sciences
* 2011 Julius Wess Award for Outstanding Achievements in Elementary Particle and Astroparticle Physics - The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
* 2012 J. J. Sakurai Prize for Theoretical Particle Physics - The American Physical Society
* High Energy and Particle Physics Prize - EPS HEPP Prize, 2015.

## References
## Other websites
*Scientific publications of Guido Altarelli on INSPIRE-HEP
Lubomír Lipský

**Lubomír Lipský** (April 19, 1923 &ndash; October 2, 2015) was a Czech actor. He was known for his roles in *Four Murders Are Enough, Darling*, *Grapes*, and in *Six Bears and a Clown*.

He was born in Pelhřimov. His brother was director Oldřich Lipský. He died in Prague, aged 92.

## References
## Other websites
*
Ernest Deane

**Ernest Cotton Deane**  (born 4 May 1887 and died 25 September 1915) was a medical officer of the British Indian Army.  He was born in the city of Limerick, Ireland. He went to school in Dún Laoghaire (then called Kingstown) in County Dublin. Deane studied medicine at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, graduating in 1909. He played rugby for Ireland in one match, against England in February 1909. However, his rugby career was cut short after he  his leg soon after in a game against Oxford University.

Deane became a surgeon at the Adelaide Hospital, Dublin. He was then commissioned into the Royal Army Medical Corps in 1911. In 1913, he was posted to India and served in Burma. He was sent to Meerut at the start of the First World War. He went to France with the Garhwal Brigade of the Indian Expeditionary Force. They arrived in Marseilles in September 1914. He was then sent immediately to the Western Front. There he served first with the 20th Field Ambulance. Then he served as a medical officer of the 2nd Battalion, The Royal Leicestershire Regiment. His unit saw much active service. On 22 August 1915, he was awarded the Military Cross after running out under machine gun fire to  four men who had been wounded by artillery fire. A month later, his regiment participated in the Battle of Loos, and was almost entirely destroyed. He was shot dead after going to help some injured soldiers. His action earned him a mention in dispatches.

## References
Javid Iqbal

Justice **Javed Iqbal** (Urdu: &lrm; 5 October 1924 – 3 October 2015) was a Pakistani philosopher and senior justice of Supreme Court of Pakistan. He was internationally known for his publications on philosophy of law and modern Islamic philosophy.

Javed began his career as an advocate in Lahore High Court, and later became a judge in 1971 and then Chief Justice of the court. He was also a judge in the Supreme Court of Pakistan

Iqbal died while under treatment for cancer at the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital in Lahore, aged 90.

## References
Tyrus Wong

**Tyrus Wong** (; October 25, 1910 &ndash; December 30, 2016) was a Chinese-born American artist. 

He was a painter, muralist, ceramicist, lithographer, designer and kite maker. Wong has worked for Disney and Warner Brothers. Wong's most famous work was for the Disney animated classic, *Bambi*.

## Other websites
*A Profile of Tyrus Wong  by Rosalind Chang. Angel Island Immigration Station Foundation.
*Tyrus Wong. Disney Legend Disney Insider.
Eric Arturo Delvalle

**Eric Arturo Delvalle Cohen-Henríquez** (2 February 1937 &ndash; 2 October 2015) was a Panamanian politician and a member of the Republican Party. He served as the Vice President of Panama from 1984 until 28 September 1985. He then served as the President until 26 February 1988 under Manuel Noriega. He tried to overthrow Noriega but went into hiding and left the country.

Delvalle was born in Panama City. He was of Jewish ancestry. His uncle, Max Delvalle, was the first Jewish president in Latin America. He was married to Mariela Delvalle.

Delvalle died on 2 October 2015 in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. He was 78.

## References
Ricky Talan

**Rick** "**Ricky**" **Talan** (3 November 1960 &ndash; 30 September 2015) was a Dutch footballer. He was striker. He played for the clubs AZ Alkmaar, Vitesse, Cercle Brugge and Haarlem between 1979 and 1988.

Talan was born in Katwijk, South Holland. His younger brother, Jeffrey Talan, was also a footballer.

Talan died from brain cancer on 30 September 2015 in Zevenaar, Gelderland. He was 54.

## References
Mabel Boll

**Mabel Boll** (December 1, 1893 – April 11, 1949) was an American socialite. In 1927 she planned, with Charles A. Levine, to be the first woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean as a passenger. She was known as the "Queen of Diamonds" as the owner of the 46.57-carat emerald-cut Mabel Boll diamond.

## References
Compurgation

**Compurgation** was an ancient type of defence in a legal trial. An accused person could call a number of people, usually twelve. They swore to their belief in his or her innocence.

In England, it was abolished in common law by the *Constitutions of Clarendon* of Henry II in 1164. The defence was still permitted in civil actions for debt. Eventually, it was entirely abolished in England in 1833.

## References
Bathory

The word **Bathory** may refer to:

* Bathory (band), a Swedish black metal and Viking metal band
* The Báthory family, a Hungarian noble family
Nordland I

***Nordland I*** is the eleventh studio album by the Swedish extreme metal band Bathory. It was released on 18 November 2002 through Black Mark Productions The album is mainly viking metal, so the songs have lyrics about Norse mythology. The album was the first in a two-album set, and no plans for Nordland III ever existed.

## Track listing 
## People 
* Quorthon – all instruments
* Kristian Wåhlin – album cover artwork

## References
Blood Fire Death

**Blood Fire Death** is the fourth studio album by the Swedish extreme metal band Bathory. It was released on 8 October 1988, through the music label of Under One Flag. The album is mainly black metal, but it is sometimes called the first viking metal album.

## Track listing 
## People 
* Quorthon – guitar and vocals
* Vvornth – drums
* Kothaar – bass
* Peter Nicolai Arbo – album cover painting, *The Wild Hunt of Odin (Åsgårdsreien)*
* Pelle Matteus – sleeve photography

## References
Quorthon

**Tomas "Ace" Börje Forsberg** (often called **Quorthon**;born on 17 February 1966 in Sweden) was a Swedish musician. He was the founder and songwriter for the extreme metal band Bathory. Bathory was known for laying out the groundwork for black metal and later viking metal. Quorthon was a multi-instrumentalist. He wrote all the music and lyrics for Bathory, and on some albums he played all the instruments (guitar, bass, drums, etc.). He also made solo albums. Quorthon died around 3 June 2004 in Stockholm, Sweden. He died of heart failure.

## Other websites 
* Bathory on Allmusic
* Official Myspace page

## References
Co-education

**Co-education** is the education of males and females in the same schools. The practice has been different in different countries and at  different times.

Most primary schools have been co-educational for a long time since it was believed that there is no reason to educate females separately from males before the age of puberty. Also, the curriculum in primary schools is not controversial since it emphasizes reading, writing, and arithmetic, with some elementary knowledge of geography and history. In some countries, it includes some religious and cultural education.

However, before the mid-19th century, girls were often educated at home or not educated at all. There were great differences in different parts of the world. In England and Wales, universal primary education was set up by the Elementary Education Act of 1870, and attendance from the ages of 5 to 10 was compulsory. That was extended in another Act of 1880. Since then, almost all primary education in the United Kingdom has been co-educational, as it is in many other countries.

With secondary education, children go through the process of puberty. There is no general agreement as to whether both sexes should be educated together. People make arguments both for and against the idea. At one extreme is the United States in which both sexes are usually educated together at all stages. At the other extreme are certain traditional societies in which girls do not get a secondary education at all. More and more countries have moved to co-education as the standard at every level of education. An exception would be the Islamic world, where girls are educated separately from boys or even not educated at all.

The world's oldest co-educational school may be Archbishop Tenison's Church of England High School, Croydon. It was established in 1714 in  what in Surrey but is now in South London. It has admitted both boys and girls since its opening. It has always been a day school only and is thought that to be the oldest surviving mixed-sex school in the world.

## References 
## Related pages 
*Gender equality
The Temple Institute

**The Temple Institute** ( – '''') is a museum, research institute and education center in Old City of Jerusalem. It was established in 1987 by Rabbi Yisrael Ariel. The institute is dedicated to the two Temples in Jerusalem (called the First and Second Temples). Rabbi Ariel plans to rebuild the Second Temple on the man-made plateau the Jews call the Temple Mount. The site is currently occupied by an Islamic shrine, the Dome of the Rock. The institute has collected tens of thousands of dollars, mostly from Jews in the United States. This is in spite of the fact that rebuilding the temple of Herod, destroyed by the Romans in 79 AD, would almost certainly cause a major war.

## Gallery 

File:2014-06 Israel - Jerusalem 099 (14753225607).jpg|The model of the Menorah
File:רחבת המנורה - 1.jpg|the Menorah Square

## References 
## Other websites 
* The Temple Institute
*
Multi-party system

A **multi-party system** is a system where multiple political parties take part in national elections. Each party has its own views. A lot of countries that use this system have a coalition government, meaning many parties are in control, and they all work together to make laws. Good examples of countries that have this system include Brazil, Denmark, Finland,  Germany, Iceland, India, Indonesia,  Ireland, Israel, Italy, Mexico, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Taiwan, Philippines, and South Korea. There is no limit to the number of parties that can take part in a British election, but the government must command a majority in the House of Commons, and is usually formed from one party.

## References
List of political parties in Iceland

This article is a **list of political parties in Iceland**.

The last election was held on 30 November 2024. 

## Parties in the *Althing* 
## Other parties 
These are the parties that are not in the Althing and have no political power.

### Left wing 
* Humanist Party
* Rainbow
* Iceland Democratic Party
* People's Front of Iceland
* Liberal Democrats

### Right wing 
* Households Party
* Christian Political Movement

### No spectrum 
* Rural Party
* Dawn
* Solidarity

## References
Reykjanesbær

**Reykjanesbær** is a municipality in south western Iceland. It is made up of the towns Keflavík, Njarðvík, the village of Hafnir and Ásbrú. The municipality was created in 1995. Reykjanesbær is the fifth largest municipality in Iceland. It has a population of 14,527 people.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Thinis

**Thinis** or **This** (Egyptian: **Tjenu**) was the capital city of the first dynasties of ancient Egypt. The actual site of Thinis has not yet been discovered. Ancient writers, such as Manetho, said it was the centre of the Thinite Confederacy. Their leader Menes (or Narmer), united Egypt and was its first pharaoh. In the Third Dynasty the capital was moved to Memphis. This meant that Thinis was no longer important. It still played a role in administration  becauset was close to border of the competing Heracleopolitan and Theban dynasties of the First Intermediate Period. It was also near oases of  military importance, during the Old and New Kingdoms. Thinis lost its position as a regional administrative centre by the Roman period.

Due to its ancient heritage, Thinis remained a significant religious centre. It was the home to the tomb and mummy of the local god.  In ancient Egyptian religious cosmology, as seen (for example) in the *Book of the Dead*, Thinis played a role as a mythical place in heaven.

The exact site of Thinis is unknown. Historians believe its was near ancient Abydos and modern Girga.

## References
* Gardiner, Sir Alan Henderson. *Egypt of the pharaohs: An introduction*, Oxford University Press, 1964, Oxford. https://books.google.com/books?id=lzhBbsElbKAC&vq=Thinis, isbn 978-0-19-500267-6
* Massey, Gerald. *Ancient Egypt: The light of the world*, T. Fisher Unwin, Vol 2, 1907, London, https://books.google.com/books?id=peLVNWKd_zAC
* Ryholt, K. S. B., *The political situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c. 1800&nbsp;– 1550 BC*, Museum Tusculanum Press, 1997, Copenhagen, https://books.google.com/books?id=ANRi7cM5ZwsC&dq=thinis isbn 87-7289-421-0
* Strudwick, Nigel C., *Texts from the pyramid age, Society of Biblical Literature*, 2005, Atlanta, https://books.google.com/books?id=sgoVryxihuMC isbn 978-1-58983-138-4
Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation

The **Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation** is the  of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

## Responsibilities
The director is responsible for the day-to-day operations. Along with the deputy director, the director makes sure s and operations are handled correctly. The director also is in charge of hiring the leaders in any one of the FBI field offices with qualified s. The director d the president on any issues that arose from within the FBI. This was until the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 was enacted in response to the September 11 attacks.  Since then, the director s to the Director of National Intelligence, who in turn reports to the president.

## Background
Directors are appointed by the President of the United States and confirmed by the Senate. In theory, they serve ten-year terms unless they resign, die, or are let go. In reality, none have served a full ten years, except J. Edgar Hoover and Robert Mueller. They both served longer than ten years. J. Edgar Hoover was appointed by Calvin Coolidge to the office in 1924. He was by far the longest-serving director. Hoover held the position from its establishment under the current title in 1935 until his death in 1972 because there was then no law limiting service time. In response to Hoover's lengthy tenure, Congress imposed a term limit of ten years (waived by the Senate for Robert Mueller on July 27, 2011). The current FBI director is Christopher A. Wray, who assumed his position on August 2, 2017.

When the Bureau of Investigation (BOI) was established in 1908, its head was called the **Chief of the Bureau of Investigation**. It was changed to the **Director of the Bureau of Investigation** since the term of William J. Flynn (1919&ndash;1921), and to its current name when the BOI was renamed FBI in 1935.

## List of all directors
## References
Black Magic (Little Mix song)

**"Black Magic"** is a dance pop song by the girl group Little Mix. The song is of using magic to promote love. It was released as the lead single from their third studio album *Get Weird*.

The song has many versions. One of them is four minutes long.

## Critical reception
Upon its release, "Black Magic" was liked by music critics. The song was influenced by 1980s music. On the UK Singles Chart, the song reached #1. It also reached the Top 10 in some other countries. However, the song only reached #68 on *Billboard* Hot 100.

## References
Cartouche

, Karnak, Egypt.]]

A **cartouche** is a hieroglyphic symbol of an ancient Egyptian pharaoh. It is oval with a horizontal line at one end, showing that the text enclosed is a royal name. The Ancient Egyptian word for it was *shenu*. In demotic writing, the cartouche was reduced to a pair of brackets and a vertical line.

Of the five royal titles it was the *prenomen*, the throne name, and the "Son of Ra" titulary, the so-called *nomen* name given at birth, which were enclosed by a cartouche.

At times amulets were given the form of a cartouche displaying the name of a king and placed in tombs. Such items are often important to archaeologists for dating the tomb and its contents. Cartouches were only worn by pharaohs.

## References
Khayu

**Khayu** is a king from the Early Dynastic Period who ruled in Lower Egypt. The only mention of his name is on the Palermo Stone. there are no other records of Khayu. He could be a mythical king preserved through ancient stories, or may even be completely fictitious.

## References
Kirsten Holmstedt

**Kirsten A. Holmstedt** is an American author and journalist. She has written for newspapers, magazines and business publications. Holmstead is the author of two books on women in the military.

## Early life
She was born and grew up in Mystic, Connecticut, USA. In 1985 she earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in journalism  from Drake University.

## Awards
* 2007 Golden Quill Award, American Authors Association
* 2007 Founder's Award, Military Writer's Society of America

## Bibliography
* 
* 

## References
## Other websites
* Biography on Shesource.com
* Discussion of Band of Sisters on C-SPAN
Božo Bakota

**Božo Bakota** (5 October 1950 &ndash; 1 October 2015) was a Croatian footballer. He played as a forward and midfielder professionally between 1971 and 1986. He played for NK Zagreb and SK Sturm Graz. He also played for the Yugoslavia national team in 1978. He was born in Zagreb.

Bakota died on 1 October 2015 in Graz, Austria. He was 64.

## References
J. Whyatt Mondesire

**J. Whyatt Mondesire** (October 10, 1949 &ndash; October 4, 2015) was an American journalist and civil rights activist. He was a reporter at *The Philadelphia Inquirer* during the early career. He now owns the *Philadelphia Sun* newspaper. He was president of the Philadelphia branch of the NAACP for over ten years.

Mondesire died in Philadelphia from a brain aneurysm, aged 65.

## References
## Other websites
*Philadelphia NAACP Official Website 
*The Philadelphia Sun website
Amarna period

, Pharaoh of Egypt. Egyptian Museum, Cairo]]

The **Amarna period** was an era of Ancient Egypt in the last half of the Eighteenth dynasty.

The royal residence of the pharaoh and his queen was shifted to Akhetaten ('Horizon of the Aten') in what is now Amarna. It was marked by the reign of Amenhotep IV, who changed his name to Akhenaten (1353–1336 BC). This was to underline the dramatic change of Egypt's polytheistic religion into one where the sun disc Aten was worshipped over all other gods. Aten was not solely worshipped (the religion was not monotheistic), but other gods were worshipped to a significantly lesser degree. The Egyptian pantheon of the equality of all gods and goddesses was restored under Akhenaten's successor.

During Akhenaten's reign, royal portraiture changed.  Sculptures of Akhenaten are different from those of earlier pharaohs.  Akhenaten is shown in an  (less manly) and stylized manner, with large thighs, a slim torso, drooping belly, full lips, and a long neck and nose. Some believe that the break with convention was due to "the presence at Amarna of new people or groups of artists whose background and training were different from those of the Karnak sculptors".

The events following Akhenaten's death are unclear and the identity and policies of his co-regent and immediate successor Smenkhkare are unclear.

## Tutankhamun and the Amarna succession
Tutankhamun died before he was twenty years old, and the dynasty's final years clearly were shaky. The royal line of the dynasty died out with Tutankhamun. Two fetuses found buried in his tomb may have been his twin daughters who would have continued the royal lineage, according to a 2008 investigation.

The last two members of the eighteenth dynasty – Ay and Horemheb – became rulers from the ranks of officials in the royal court. Ay may have married the widow of Tutankhamun in order to get power and she did not live long afterward. Ay's reign was short. His successor was Horemheb, a general in the Egyptian army, who had been a diplomat in the administration of Tutankhamun. He may have been named as a successor by the childless Tutankhamun. Horemheb may have taken the throne away from Ay in a coup. He also died childless and appointed his successor, Paramessu who, under the name Ramesses I, ascended the throne in 1292 BC. He was the first pharaoh of the Nineteenth dynasty.

## References 
, Paris.]]
Whitney Houston (album)

***Whitney Houston*** is the self titled debut album of American recording artist Whitney Houston, released February 14, 1985 on Arista Records.

## Reviews
*Whitney Houston* received positive reviews.

## Track listing
## Personnel
### Musicians
* Lead vocal – Whitney Houston
* Duet vocals – Jermaine Jackson, Teddy Pendergrass
* Clarinet – John Barnes
* Keyboards – Robbie Buchanan, Randy Kerber, Yvonne Lewis, Richard Marx
* Bass guitar – Nathan East, Freddie Washington, Randy "The Emperor" Jackson
* Synthesizer – Preston Glass, Greg Phillinganes
* Drums – Ed Greene, John "J.R." Robinson, J.T. Lewis, Steve Rucker
* Background vocals – Cissy Houston, Jermaine Jackson, Julia Tillman Waters, Maxine Willard Waters, Oren Waters, Yogi Lee, Mary Canty, Deborah Thomas
* Guitar – Paul Jackson, Jr., Dann Huff, Tim May, Ira Siegel, David Williams, Louie Shelton

* Percussion – Bashiri Johnson, Joe Lala
* Rhythm and string arrangements – Gene Page, Jr
* Synth guitar – Corrado Rustici
* Saxophone – Tom Scott, Ernie Watts, Premik Russell Tubbs

### Production
* Producers: Jermaine Jackson, Kashif, Michael Masser, Narada Michael Walden
* Executive producer: Clive Davis
* Engineers: Michael Barbiero, Michael Mancini, Michael O'Reilly, Russell Schmitt
* Mixing: Michael Barbiero, Michael O'Reilly, Bill Schnee
* Arrangements: Gene Page Jr., Kashif, Narada Michael Walden
* Art direction: Donn Davenport
* Photographer: Garry Gross
* Fashion stylist: Tiagi Lambert (Gown by Giovanne De Maura, Bathing Suit by Norma Kamali)
* Makeup: Quietfire
* Coordinator: Brenda Gorsky
* Hair sylist: Jeffrey Woodly

## Charts and certifications
### Chart positions
### Year-end charts
### Decade-end charts
### Certifications
### Singles chart positions
## References
Betty Williams (peace activist)

**Betty Williams** (22 May 1943 &ndash; 17 March 2020) was a Northern Irish peace activist. She was born in Belfast. She started the organization "Community of Peace People", who worked toward getting peace in Northern Ireland. In 1976, she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, together with Mairead Corrigan, who also co-founded the organization.

Williams died on 17 March 2020 in Belfast at the age of 76.

## References
## Other websites 
* Nobel Committee information on 1976 Peace Laureates 
* Short biography 
* Peace People in Northern Ireland – a socialist position
Rusty Staub

**Daniel Joseph "Rusty" Staub** (April 1, 1944 &ndash; March 29, 2018) was an American Major League Baseball right fielder, designated hitter, and first baseman and philanthropist. He has a 23-year baseball career with 5 different teams. He was an original member of the Montreal Expos.

Staub also played for the Houston Colt .45s, the New York Mets, the Detroit Tigers and the New York Yankees.

On April 4, 1986, Staub established the Rusty Staub Foundation to provide educational scholarships for youth and fight hunger.

In 1986, Staub founded the New York Police and Fire Widows' and Children's Benefit Fund, which supports the families of New York City police officers, firefighters, Port Authority police, and emergency medical personnel who were killed in the line of duty. 

In July 2006, Staub teamed with Mascot Books to publish his first children's book, *Hello, Mr. Met*.

Staub died on March 29, 2018 of multiple organ failure complicated by respiratory tract infection-related pneumonia in West Palm Beach, Florida at the age of 73.

## References
Second Dynasty of Egypt

The **Second Dynasty** ruled ancient Egypt from c. 2890 to c. 2686&nbsp;BC It is the second dynasty of the Early Dynastic Period of Egypt. During this time the seat of government was centred at Thinis. Very little is known about this period in ancient Egyptian history.

There is very little archaeological evidence of the time. But to compare the differences between the First and Third Dynasties shows that there must have important institutional and economic developments during the Second Dynasty.

## Rulers
The names of the rulers of the Second Dynasty is not known exactly. Most sources agree on the names of the first pharaohs. These are:

The names of the next two or three rulers is unclear. We may have both the Horus-name or *Nebty* (meaning *two ladies*) name *and* their birth names for these rulers, however they may be entirely different individuals; or they may be legendary names. On the left are the rulers most Egyptologists place here; on the right are the names from Manetho's *Aegyptica*:

With the last ruler, we return to an agreement:

Manetho wrote that the capital was at Thinis, the same as during the First Dynasty. However, at least the first three kings were buried at Saqqara. This could mean the center of power had moved to Memphis. Beyond this, little can be said about the events during this period. The annual records on the Palermo Stone only survive for the end of the reign of Nebra and for parts of Nynetjer's. One important event possibly happened during the reign of Khasekhemwy: many Egyptologists read his name ("the Two Powers arise") as commemorating the union of the Upper and Lower Egypts.

## References
Emilia Clarke

**Emilia Clarke** (born 23 October 1986) is an English actress. She played Sarah Connor in *Terminator Genisys* and Holly Golightly in the stage play for ''Breakfast at Tiffany's*. In the Home Box Office television series, *Game of Thrones'', she played Daenerys Targaryen. Clarke was  twice for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2013 and in 2015. Clarke was born in London.

## References
## Weblinks
*Emilia clarke on fernsehserien.tv
Water for Your Soul

***Water for Your Soul*** is the seventh studio album by English singer-songwriter Joss Stone. It was d on 31 July 2015 by her own label, Stone'd Records.

## Critical reception
*Water for Your Soul* received mixed to positive reviews from music critics.

## Track listing
;Sample credits
*"Harry's Symphony" contains samples from "Here I Come" by Barrington Levy, "Young Lover" by Cocoa Tea, "Be Careful" by Matthew McAnuff and "Bad Boys" by Inner Circle

## Charts
## References
Donna Shalala

**Donna Edna Shalala** ( ; born February 14, 1941) is an American politician. She was the United States representative of Florida's 27th congressional district from January 3, 2019 to January 3, 2021.

She served as United States Secretary of Health and Human Services under President Bill Clinton from 1993 to 2001. She was the president of the University of Miami, a private university in Coral Gables, Florida, from 2001 through 2015.

In August 2018, she became the Democratic nominee for Florida's 27th Congressional District. She won the general election on November 6, 2018. She lost her re-election in 2020 to Republican Maria Elvira Salazar.

## References
## Other websites
*President Donna E. Shalala’s Biography at the University of Miami .
*"America's Best Leaders: Q&A with Donna Shalala, President of the University of Miami, *U.S. News & World Report*, October 22, 2005.
*Donna Shalala   Video produced by *Makers: Women Who Make America*
*President Donna E. Shalala Collection, 1980-1988, Hunter College Archives and Special Collections
*
Edward Sims Van Zile

**Edward Sims Van Zile** (May 2, 1863 - May 29, 1931) was an American writer. He published fiction, non-fiction, biographies, a commentary on war, and a history of the early days of movies. As a boy he read everything he could on every subject. He graduated from Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut in 1884. He was buried in Cedar Hill Cemetery in Hartford, Connecticut.

## A timely invention 
By 1876, baseball scores were telegraphed, inning by inning, to newspaper offices. Fans who did not want to wait for the newspaper coverage of  games waited at newspaper offices. Some newspapers put up blackboards trying to show the progress of a game as they received the telegraphs.
In 1888, Van Zile was working as an editorial writer at the New York World.
* *With Sword and Crucifix: Being an Account of the Strange Adventures of Count Louis de Sancerre, Companion of Sieur de la Salle, on the Lower Mississippi in  the Year of Grace 1682*. Published by Harper & Bros., New York and London, 1900 - Biography & Autobiography - 298 pages
* *Kings in Adversity*, Published by F. Tennyson Neely, 114 Fifth Avenue, 1897
* *The Game of Empires, a Warning to America; with Prefatory Note by Theodore Roosevelt*, published by Moffat, 1915. About 300 pages of cynical comments on war before page 302 reflected the Rooseveltian point of the book.

### Stories 
* The last of the Van Slacks; a story of to-day (1889)
* A magnetic man and other stories (1890)
* Don Miguel, and other stories (1891)
* The Manhattaners; a story of the hour (1900)
* A duke and his double (1903)
* Defending the bank (1903)

## References
## Other websites 
* Edward Sims Van Zile at Find a Grave
* Edward Sims Van Zile patent for a device for recording baseball games (1889)