open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Djurgårdsandan

**Djurgårdsandan** (literally translated as ‘the Djurgården spirit’) is a corporate social responsibility (CSR) commitment. It was founded in 2006 by the Djurgården football association with other organizations related to Djurgården. This programme actively works with adolescents through a variety of social projects that range from health issues, ethnic integration and to crime reduction. In addition, other highly notable aims of Djurgårdsandan are a promotion of the values of the association and a positive ‘supporter culture’. 

Djurgårdsandan’s deals primarily with:

*An active engagement with society
*Work surrounding core values
*Work in favour of a positive supporter culture

During the 2013 season of the elite and professional Swedish league (Allsvenskan), Djurgården’s kit will feature the logo of Djurgårdsandan.

## Other websites
*Djurgårdsandan 
*Djurgårdsandan sport center
César Évora

**César Évora** (born '**César Évora y Díaz**; November 4, 1959) is a Cuban-Mexican actor who is known for his roles on Mexican telenovelas. He is the cousin of Cuban writer Daína Chaviano.

Évora was born on November 4, 1959 in Havana, Cuba. He is divorced from his first wife. Évora is currently married to Vivian Domínguez and has three children. Évora acquired Mexican citizenship in 1999.

## References
Daína Chaviano

**Daína Chaviano** (born 1960 in Havana, Cuba) is a Cuban writer. She is thought to be one of the three most important female fantasy and science fiction writers in the Spanish language, along with Angélica Gorodischer (Argentina) and Elia Barceló (Spain), forming the so-called “feminine trinity of science fiction in Latin America.” She is the cousin of Cuban-Mexican actor César Évora.

## References
## Other websites
*Daína Chaviano's Official Web Site. English and Spanish.
*Amazon.com Official Author's Page
*Daína Chaviano's Page at Penguin
*GoodRead Author's Page
Ring of Brodgar

beyond]]

The **Ring of Brodgar** is a Neolithic henge and stone circle on Mainland, the largest island in Orkney, Scotland. It is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site known as the Heart of Neolithic Orkney.

The stone circle is  in diameter, and the third largest in the British Isles. The ring originally comprised 60 stones, of which only 27 remained standing at the end of the 20th century. The tallest stones stand at the south and west of the ring.

The stones are set in a circular ditch up to  deep,  wide and  in circumference that was carved out of the solid sandstone bedrock by the ancient residents. Technically, this ditch does not constitute a true henge as there is no sign of an encircling bank of earth and rock. However, many archaeologists refer to this structure as a henge. Aubrey Burl classifies the ditch as a Class II henge; one that has two opposing entrances, in this case on the north-west and south-east.

The Ring is in a significant ritual landscape. Within  there are the two circle-henges, four chambered tombs, groups of standing stones, single stones, barrows, cairns, and mounds. A number of flint arrowheads and broken stone mace-heads were found nearby. They seem to date from the Bronze Age. The nearby Standing Stones of Stenness and its Maeshowe tomb help to make the Ring of Brodgar a site of major importance.

## References
Tokyo Metropolis

:*This article is about metropolitan Tokyo. For more information, see Tokyo (disambiguation).*

 is the official name for of the traditional  (1869-1943) and the  municipalities of what was formerly  (1869-1943). It is the capital city and a prefecture of Japan on the island of Honshu.

Greater Tokyo includes land in the Kantō region and also the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands. Ten percent (10%) of the Japanese people live in Tokyo, and as many as twenty percent (20%) of the population live around it. As of 2007, the population was 12,790,000. Tokyo is in a part of Japan called the Kantō Plain. Two big rivers run through Tokyo. One is the Arakawa River which runs from the north to the south, and flows into Tokyo Bay. The other is the Tama River which runs from the west to the east. The Tama River is a border between Tokyo and its neighbor city, Kawasaki.

## History
In 1943, Tokyo prefecture's municipalities and city of Tokyo were associated in a special way. Tokyo Metropolis is governed by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government.

## Other cities
## Other towns/villages
## Izu & Ogasawara Islands
Tokyo has many outlying islands.

The Izu Islands include Izu Ōshima, Toshima, Niijima, Shikinejima, Kozushima, Miyakejima, Mikurajima, Hachijojima, and Aogashima.

The Ogasawara Islands include Chichi-jima, Nishinoshima, Haha-jima, Kita Iwo Jima, Iwo Jima, and Minami Iwo Jima. Minami Torishima, the  easternmost point in Japan, is also part of the Ogasawaras. Okinotorishima, the southernmost point in Japan, is also administered by Tokyo as part of this group.

## Transportation 
Tokyo is the cultural, business, and political center of the country. It is also the center of many transport systems. There are many air, rail, sea, and road links in and out of the city. Local subway and bus systems serve every part of the city.

Two commercial airports serve Tokyo. Haneda Airport is in the city limits next to Tokyo Bay. This airport is mostly for domestic travel. Most international flights to and from Tokyo go through Narita International Airport in Chiba Prefecture, opened in 1978.

Tokyo has a busy international and domestic port, but more traffic goes through the nearby port of Yokohama. There are domestic ferries to the islands of Tokyo, but also to other parts of the country such as Hokkaido.

## Sister cities
* Beijing, China
* Berlin, Germany
* Cairo, Egypt
* Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
* Jakarta, Indonesia
* London, England, United Kingdom
* Mumbai, India
* São Paulo, Brazil
* Algiers, Algeria
* Rome, Italy
* Venice, Italy

## Related pages
* Tokyo
* Provinces of Japan
* Prefectures of Japan
* List of regions of Japan
* List of islands of Japan

## References
## Other websites 
*Tokyo Metropolitan Government
Soakage

A **soakage**, or **soak**, is a source of water in the deserts of Australia. It is called a soak because the water generally  into the sandy ground, and is stored below. They sometimes form part of an ephemeral river or drainage system. Soakages were traditionally important sources of water for Aboriginal people in the desert, because they are the most reliable sources in times of drought. Knowing the exact location of each soakage was very valuable knowledge. In the 19th century, the explorers Peter Warburton and David Carnegie wrote that they had chased down Aboriginal people with camels and captured and chained them to force them to reveal their secret sources of water.

## References
Angélica Rivera

**Angélica Rivera Hurtado** (born 2 August 1969) is a Mexican singer, model and telenovela actress who served as the first lady of Mexico from 2012 to 2018. During her husband's tenure as president, she served in the role of Federal President of the Advisory Council of the National System for the Integral Development of the Family.

Rivera's work as an actress has included *Alcanzar una estrella II* (1991), *La Dueña* (1995), *Ángela* (1998), *Sin Pecado Concebido* (2001), *Mariana de la Noche* (2003) and *Tequila De Maguey* (2007), as well as the soap opera *Destilando Amor* (2007). As a singer she was a member of the short-lived fictional teen group Muñecos de Papel.

## Career 
### Early acting and modeling 
Rivera’s career began at the age of 17, when she won The Face of the Herald contest. She was a model in the video *Ahora Te Puedes Marchar* with Luis Miguel. She then filmed two TV and radio commercials, one for the United States and one for Japan, followed by the TNT video program hosted by Martha Aguayo.

In 1989, Rivera received the opportunity to play a small part in the soap opera *Dulce Desafío*. This part was followed by many others on shows such as *Simplemente Maria*, *Mi Pequeña Soledad* and *La Picara Soñadora*. In 1991 Rivera was selected to play the scheming and opportunistic Silvana in *Alcanzar una estrella II*. In 1995, Rivera was chosen to give life to Regina Villarreal in La Dueña; alongside Francisco Gattorno. In 2003 she played a villain Marcia in the soap opera *Mariana de la Noche*, produced by Salvador Mejía.

In 2007, Rivera had the lead role in the successful and popular novela *Destilando amor* as Gaviota, a young girl from the country who went to the big city to look for a better life. As a result of her work on this soap, Rivera is frequently referred to in popular media as "*La Gaviota*".

## Personal life 
In 1994, Rivera married producer José Alberto Castro, brother of Verónica Castro, with whom she had three daughters, including Angélica Sofía.

After divorcing Castro in 2008, Rivera married Enrique Peña Nieto, then Governor of the State of Mexico in 2010. In 2019, she announced on social media that she was divorcing Peña Nieto.

## References
Wuhan University

**Wuhan University** () is a university in Wuhan, China. It started teaching in 1893.  People think it is one of the most beautiful universities in China.

## References
Angélica Gorodischer

**Angélica Gorodischer** (28 July 1928 &ndash; 5 February 2022) was an Argentine  writer. She was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina. She was known for her collection of short stories, which belong to a wide variety of genres, including science-fiction, fantasy, crime and stories with a feminist perspective.

Gorodischer died on 5 February 2022 at her home in Rosario, Argentina from cancer at the age of 93.

## Some books
* Cuentos con soldados (Premio Club del Orden, Santa Fe, 1965. stories)
* Opus Dos (Ediciones Minotauro, Buenos Aires, 1967. novel)
* Las pelucas (Editorial Sudamericana, Buenos Aires, 1968. stories)
* Bajo las jubeas en flor (Ediciones De La Flor, Buenos Aires, 1973. stories)
* Casta luna electrónica (Ediciones Andrómeda, 1977. stories)
* Trafalgar (El Cid Editor, Buenos Aires, 1979. stories)
* Prodigios. Barcelona: Ed. Lumen, 1994. (novel)
* Tecnicas de supervivencia. Rosario: Ed. Municipal Rosario, 1994. (stories)
*  Buenos Aires: Emecé, 1996. (novel)
* Cómo triunfar en la vida. Buenos Aires, Emecé, 1998. (stories)

## References
America's Next Top Model, Cycle 17

'''''America's Next Top Model: All-Stars'''* is the seventeenth cycle of *America's Next Top Model''. This cycle features contestants from previous cycles who didn't win. They compete for a grand prize. The winner was 30-year-old Lisa D'Amato.

The prizes for this cycle were:
*A spread in *Vogue*
*A $100,000 contract with CoverGirl
*A correspondent for *Extra*
*A campaign with Express
*A chance to be the face of ''America's Next Top Model'' fragrance "Dreams Come True"

## Contestants
This cycle had 14 previous contestants:
* Shannon Ratliff (runner-up) | (6th)
* Camille McDonald (5th) | (11th)
* Brittany Brower (4th) | (14th)
* Lisa D'Amato (6th) | (Winner)
* Brittany "Bre" Scullark (3rd) | (10th)
* Bianca Golden (4th) | (8/9th)
* Dominique Reighard (4th) | (5th)
* Isis King (10th) | (12th)
* Sheena Satana (6th) | (13th)
* Allison Harvard (runner-up) | (Runner-up)
* Laura Kirkpatrick (runner-up) | (4th)
* Angelea Preston (3rd/4th) | (3rd)
* Kayla Ferrel (3rd/4th) | (8/9th)
* Alexandria Everett (4th) | (7th)

### Episodes
Episode 1
*Best: Isis King
*Worst: Alexandria Everett & Brittany Brower
*Eliminated: Brittany Brower

Episode 2
*Best: Lisa D'Amato 
*Worst: Kayla Ferrel & Sheena Satana
*Eliminated: Sheena Satana

Episode 3
*Best/Immune: Allison Harvard
*Worst: Isis King & Angelea Preston
*Eliminated: Isis King

Episode 4
*Best: Angelea Preston
*Worst: Lisa D'Amato & Camille McDonald
*Eliminated: Camille McDonald

Episode 5
*Best: Laura Kirkpatrick
*Worst: Lisa D'Amato & Angelea Preston
*Eliminated: None

Episode 6
*Best: Dominique Reighard
*Worst: Alexandria Everett & Bre Scullark
*Eliminated: Bre Scullark

Episode 7
*Best/Immune: Lisa D'Amato
*Worst: Bianca Golden, Kayla Ferrel & Shannon Ratliff
*Eliminated: Bianca Golden & Kayla Ferrel

Episode 8
*Best: Allison Harvard
*Worst: Alexandria Everett & Angelea Preston
*Eliminated: Alexandria Everett

Episode 9
*Best: Dominique Reighard
*Worst: Laura Kirkpatrick & Shannon Ratliff
*Eliminated: Shannon Ratliff

Episode 10
*Best: Laura Kirkpatrick
*Worst: Dominique Reighard & Angelea Preston
*Eliminated: Dominique Reighard

Episode 11
*Best: Lisa D'Amato
*Worst: Laura Kirkpatrick & Allison Harvard
*Eliminated: Laura Kirkpatrick

Episode 12
*Disqualified: Angelea Preston

*Final Two: Lisa D'Amato & Allison Harvard
*America's Next Top Model: Lisa D'Amato
Mantarur

**Mantarur** is a hilly area in the southwest of the Northern Territory, Australia. It forms the southeastern end of the Olia Chain of mountains. This outcrop includes '''Butler's Dome** (; 1102&nbsp;metres above sea level). The granite escarpment called **Foster's Cliff''' is nearby to the east. Mantarur is located about  southwest of Kata Tjuṯa. It is on Pitjantjatjara land, part of the Petermann Aboriginal Land Trust. A family outstation was established here in the 1980s, at a  in the western slopes. It has since been abandoned.

Frank Rees George led a prospecting expedition through the area between 1905 and 1906. George gave names to several of the landforms, including Butler's Dome, which is believed to have been named after Richard Butler, who was a minister of South Australia. He named Foster's Cliff after R. W. Foster, the South Australian Commissioner of Public Works. The expedition found traces of gold at Foster's Cliff, but not enough of it to warrant mining. It was the only place in the Petermann Ranges found to contain any gold. 

## References
Olia chain

The **Olia Chain** (or **The Olias**) is a mountain range in the southwest of the Northern Territory, Australia. It forms the southeastern end of the Petermann Ranges, and connects these ranges with the Musgrave Ranges further south. The Olia Chain consists of scattered outcrops of rocky hills, separated and surrounded by sandy plains. It extends from Katamala Cone (828&nbsp;m) at its northern end to Mantarur (including Butler's Dome, 1102&nbsp;m) in the south. The centre of the chain is dominated by Stevenson Peak (1025&nbsp;m). A few kilometres northeast of this peak is a Pitjantjatjara outstation, called Pirrulpakalarintja.

The Olia Chain mostly consist of flat-topped ridges composed of sandstone, slate, quartzite, and limestone rock beds.
Frank Bank

**Frank Bank** (April 12, 1942 &ndash; April 13, 2013) was an American actor. He was best known for his role as Clarence "Lumpy" Rutherford on the situation comedy television series *Leave It to Beaver*.

Bank was born on April 12, 1942 in Los Angeles, California. He died on April 13, 2013 from unknown causes, aged 71.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Harvey Fierstein

**Harvey Forbes Fierstein** (born June 6, 1954) is an American actor and playwright. He is known for playing his voice role as Yao in the 1998 animated movie *Mulan*. He won two Tony Awards and two Drama Desk Awards.

Fierstein was born on June 6, 1954 in Brooklyn, New York. He was raised Jewish, but he is an atheist. Fierstein is openly gay. He now lives in Ridgefield, Connecticut. Fierstein is an activist for Gay Rights as supporter for the Democratic Party.

## Filmography
### Film 
### Television 
### Video games 
## References
## Other websites
*
*
*Review of Torch Song Trilogy, with information about Fierstein 
*TonyAwards.com Interview with Harvey Fierstein 
* Donald L. Brooks' memoir of early casting of Fierstein and commissioning and directing Fierstein's first play.
James Whistler

**James Abbott McNeill Whistler**  (; July 11, 1834July 17, 1903) was an American painter, most famous for a portrait of his mother.  He was also known for using musical terms in naming his paintings. Some examples of these are his "*Symphony and Harmony*" and his painting collections called "*nocturnes*". 

Whistler was also an outspoken advocate of Japanese calligraphy.

## References
Railgun

A **railgun** is a gun that fires a projectile (bullets or plasma) using a magnetic field produced by electricity. Unlike regular guns, it does not use gunpowder or other explosive propellants, and rarely needs to be cleaned or unjammed. Currently, most railguns are experimental and are not used in actual combat, but the United States Navy is expecting to have one operating soon. In theory, a railgun could fire a bowling-ball-sized projectile fast enough to destroy a small building, even over long distances. An ordinary gun can fire its projectile as fast as 2 km/s but a railgun might reach 3 km/s. Railguns are usually very large and not portable because of the need for a large power supply. There have been proposals to use ths technology for non-weapon purposes, such as aircraft and space launch vehicles and specialized tools.
The driving force of a railgun power is the magnetic field created when electricity runs through the rails from the positive to negative ends. The more electricity running through the rail, the stronger the magnetic field. The railgun projectile is positively charged so it is repulsed by the positive end. In most railguns millions of amperes are ran through the positive end to the negative end. When the positive charge run through the railgun nears and leaves the projectile lorentz force acts on the projectile. This propels it out of the rail gun.
Maria Tallchief

**Elizabeth Marie Tall Chief** (stage name **Maria Tallchief**; January 24, 1925 - April 11, 2013) was the first person of Native American descent to become prima ballerina for a major company. She is especially well known for her time with the New York City Ballet, where she performed between 1948 and 1965. 

Maria Tallchief grew up on an Indian reservation in Oklahoma. Her father was Osage. Her mother was Scottish-Irish. She started doing ballet at age four. By the time she was eight, she had already gone through all teachers at her level in Oklahoma, so her family moved to Beverly Hills. She was trained by Bronislava Nijinska, David Lichine, and George Balanchine. Balanchine became her husband in 1942. She starred in many of her husband's ballets including *The Firebird*. After she starred in *The Firebird*, she got international recognition. She was an artistic director of the Chicago City Ballet from 1980 to 1987. She was recognized in the National Women's Hall of Fame. 

Maria Tallchief died due to complications from surgery to fix a broken hip at the Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago at age 88.

## References
*Anderson, Jack. "Maria Tallchief, a Dazzling Ballerina and Muse for Balanchine, Dies at 88." New York Times Apr 13 2013, Late Edition (East Coast) ed. ProQuest. 29 May 2015.
*Matheson, Katy. "Tallchief, Maria."  World Book Advanced. World Book, 2015. Web.  29 May 2015.

## Other websites
*Archive footage of Maria Tallchief and Michael Maule performing Firebird in 1951 at Jacob's Pillow 
*Biography for Maria Tallchief at the Internet Movie Database
*Maria Tallchief from Upstream Video Productions
*Maria Tallchief interview by Bruce Duffie
* Maria Tallchief Dances  TV appearance, Christmas 1952
Beneficiary

A **beneficiary** is someone who gets money or other things from somebody else. For example, in a life insurance policy the beneficiary gets the money after the insured person dies. A beneficiary can also be the person chosen in someone's will. The person or group who gives the money is called the benefactor. In Trust law the beneficiary is the person who receives property from a trustee.

## References
Wuhan

**Wuhan** () is the capital of Hubei province, People's Republic of China, and is the city with most people in Central China. It is at the east of the Jianghan Plain, where the Yangtze and Han rivers meet. Joining three nearby cities, Wuchang, Hankou, and Hanyang, Wuhan is a center of transportation, with many railways, roads and expressways passing through. Because of its important role in transportation, Wuhan was sometimes called the "Chicago of China." It is also recognized as the political, economic, financial, cultural, and educational center of central China. In the 1920s, Wuhan was the national capital of a Kuomintang (KMT) government led by Wang Jingwei when he was against Chiang Kai-shek, and it was also the capital in 1937.

In December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic started in Wuhan.

## References
EPR paradox

The **EPR paradox** is an early and strong criticism of quantum mechanics. Albert Einstein and his co-workers, Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen, said that Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, and the other scientists in Copenhagen were wrong about uncertainty. Heisenberg claimed that you could never know, for any one time, both the position and momentum (or velocity, or trajectory) of any atom-sized or smaller particle. The idea was that the two could not be measured at the same time, and that as soon as one was measured a change would occur and you would not get the same answer for the other one that you would have gotten if you had measured it first. Einstein and his group said that Heisenberg should think again. Suppose you had two very small particles. You measured the weight of each of them and then stuck them together. You gave them a little push. Then something broke them apart. They should have both positions and velocities that were related. So if you measured the position of one of them, then even if you assumed that Heisenberg was right and you could not avoid messing up its velocity in the process of measuring it, surely that did not mean that it never had a definite velocity. For proof, Einstein said that you could next measure the velocity of the second particle and, since everything was mathematically related, you would then know the velocity of the first particle. 

There was one way that Heisenberg could be right, a reason that Einstein thought was nonsense: What if measuring the position of the first particle would mess up the velocity of the second particle. That would be like magic. How could anybody explain such an influence? Suppose that the two particles were moving away very fast and a long time had gone by. If something that happened to the first particle somehow influenced the second particle, its influence would have to travel faster than the speed of light, which is impossible. Physicists like Erwin Schrödinger suggested that maybe the relationship in position and velocity would just gradually go away somehow. Schrödinger called the connection between the two particles (and anything like it that happened to other things) "entanglement." 

"Spooky action at a distance," as Einstein called it, is one way of understanding this paradox. Einstein had no way of knowing that future experiments would show that entanglement exists. In the end, John Stewart Bell showed mathematically (Bell's theorem) that there is no way that hidden variables could account for experimental results that show entanglement.

## References
Star Fox Adventures

***Star Fox Adventures*** is an action-adventure video game for the Nintendo GameCube game console. It was developed by Rare and published by Nintendo. It was released in North America on September 23, 2002, in Japan on September 27, 2002, and in Europe on November 22, 2002. It was Rare's last game for a Nintendo console before they were bought by Microsoft as a developer for their Xbox console. The plot centers around Fox McCloud restoring the remote Dinosaur Planet by finding pieces that have broken off of it.

Unlike the other *Star Fox* games, *Star Fox Adventures* plays as an action-adventure game similar to *The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time*. Instead of a blaster, Fox uses a staff as his weapon. Fox can find power-ups for his staff that allow it to fire projectiles, freeze enemies, and reach areas that he cannot reach on his own. Fox cannot jump unless he runs off of something, in the same way that Link jumps in *The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time*.
Katiti Aboriginal Land Trust

The **Katiti Aboriginal Land Trust** is a land trust for a block of land in the southwest of the Northern Territory, Australia. It was created through the Katiti Land Claim in 1980. The trust's owners include Pitjantjatjara, Yankunytjatjara and Luritja people. The block of land is officially referred to as **Northern Territory Portion 1818**. It borders the larger Petermann Land Trust area and Uluṟu–Kata Tjuṯa National Park to the north and west, and two pastoral stations to the east and south: Curtin Springs and Mulga Park. The town of Yulara is excluded from the Land Trusts, and sits between the Katiti block and Uluṟu–Kata Tjuṯa National Park.

The trust is named after Katiti (), a natural spring located about  south of Lake Amadeus. This spring was first written about by Baldwin Spencer and Francis James Gillen. They visited it in 1894 on their way to Uluṟu, and recorded the name "Kurtitina" (more accurately, ''''). The prospecting expedition led by Lawrence Wells visited the spring in 1903, and Herbert Basedow marked it on his maps as "Curtyteena".

## History
Before the 1970s, the area of land now held by the Katiti ALT was considered crown land by the government. The region to the southwest had been declared an Aboriginal  in 1920. An area of land around Uluṟu and Kata Tjuṯa had been made into the Ayers Rock–Mt Olga National Park in 1958. The Katiti block, however, was considered unused. In 1976, the Australian Federal Government passed the Aboriginal Land Rights Act. This law allowed Aboriginal communities to claim ownership of unused land, and to be granted freehold title to that land if they could show that they had a historical association with it. Section 4 of the act gave the Minister for Aboriginal Affairs the power to establish Land Trusts to look after the title.

The Katiti Land Claim was formally submitted in 1979. The claim was for a larger area than what is held by the Trust today, and included the Ayers Rock–Mt Olga National Park. It was sumbitted by the Central Land Council on the behalf of several hundred people, most of whom lived at Muṯitjulu. The people were granted legal ownership to the block of land now held by the Katiti ALT on 30 September 1980. They were not granted the title to Ayers Rock–Mt Olga because it was already being used as a national park. They were, however, recognised as the park's traditional owners (''''). Also excluded from the property granted were a  area surrounding the resort town of Yulara, and a  area covering the Petermann Road, which provided tourist access to Uluṟu.

Petermann Road was later replaced by the Lasseter Highway, and the government transferred the title to the old road to the Katiti ALT on 23 February 1990. Legal ownership over the national park's land was eventually granted to its traditional owners in 1985, and the title to this area is held by the Uluṟu–Kata Tjuṯa Aboriginal Land Trust. Ownership of the Yulara area was the subject of a court case, which ended in 2006.

## References
Fred Durst

**William Frederick Durst** is an American singer and movie director known for being the lead singer of the nu metal band, Limp Bizkit.

He is also known for his work in independent movies and made his directorial debut in with the 2007 movie *The Education of Charlie Banks*. The second movie he directed was the 2008 movie *The Longshots*. He was ranked at #71 in the *Top 100 Heavy Metal Vocalists* by Hit Parader.

## References
Mount Currie

**Mount Currie** is a mountain in the southwest of the Northern Territory, Australia. It is about  above sea level. It is part of the same line of conglomerate hills that includes Uluṟu and Kata Tjuṯa. These three formations have very similar compositions. The sheet of conglomerate that is shared by all three is called Mount Currie Conglomerate.

The peak was named Mount Currie by the explorer William H. Tietkens, who led an expedition through the area in 1889. He named the peak from a distance, and did not actually approach it. The first White explorers to reach Mount Currie were the Mackay Expedition in June 1926, which was led by Donald Mackay and Herbert Basedow.

## References
Dave Lombardo

**David Lombardo** (born February 16, 1965 in Havana, Cuba) is a Cuban American musician, best known as the co-founder and drummer of the American thrash metal band Slayer. 

Lombardo has also been a part of his side project Grip Inc., Fantômas, Philm, and Testament. He was born in Havana and moved to South Gate, California with his family when he was two years old. He was given his first drum set at the age of ten. He was given the title "the godfather of double bass" from Drummer World. He is known as an inspiration to many modern metal drummers, mainly within both the thrash and death metal genres. 

He left Slayer in 2013 and was replaced by Paul Bostaph. After he left Slayer, he decided to reform his side project Grip Inc.

Lombardo now plays for Suicidal Tendencies, Dead Cross, and The Misfits.

## References
Plastic Brit

"**Plastic Brit**" is a rude insult that is used towards sportspeople who were not born in the United Kingdom but were chosen to compete for Great Britain. It was mainly used by the Daily Mail in the build up to the 2012 Summer Olympics. It was argued against by some of the sportspeople who were called "Plastic Brits", including Yamilé Aldama who wrote a page against it in The Guardian.

## Sources
Aurora (disambiguation)

An **aurora** is a natural light display usually seen near the Earth's poles.

**Aurora** might also mean:

## Places
### Cities and towns in the United States
*Aurora, Colorado
*Aurora, Illinois
*Aurora, Indiana
*Aurora, Iowa
*Aurora, Kansas
*Aurora, Maine
*Aurora, Minnesota
*Aurora, Missouri
*Aurora, Nebraska
*Aurora, Ohio
*Aurora, Texas
*Aurora, Utah
### Other places
*Aurora (province), in the Philippines

## Other
*Aurora (aircraft), an alleged surveillance aircraft
*Aurora (mythology), Roman goddess of the dawn
*Aurora Pro Patria 1919, an Italian football club
Slovak

**Slovak** might mean:

*Something related to the country Slovakia
*Slovaks, the people of Slovakia
*Slovak language, the language of Slovakia
Valencian

**Valencian** might mean:

*Something related to Valencia (autonomous community), part of Spain
*Something related to the city Valencia, which is in the autonomous community
*Valencian language

## Related pages
*Valencia (disambiguation)
Worm charming

**Worm charming**, **worm grunting**, and **worm fiddling** are methods of getting earthworms out from the ground. It is usually done to get bait for fishing, but it can also be a sport. Most worm charming methods involve vibrating the soil, which encourages the worms to the surface. One method involves twirling a steel pole in the ground, which moves the dirt, making the worms in the area go to the top of the ground.  

A lot of worm grunting is done in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Every year on June 21, thousands of fishermen show up for the annual worm grunting festival.
The activity is usually performed to collect bait for fishing. 

## References
Teresa Scanlan

**Teresa Michelle Scanlan** (born February 6, 1993) is a beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned as Miss America 2011. Before that, she was Miss Nebraska 2010. She became the youngest Miss America since Bette Cooper in 1937. She advocates for eating conditions, including bulimia. She was originally from California, but is now from Nebraska.

## References
James Jesus Angleton

**James Jesus Angleton** (December 9, 1917 – May 12, 1987) was chief of CIA counterintelligence from 1954 to 1975. His official title was Associate Deputy Director of Operations for Counterintelligence (ADDOCI). He started towards the end of World War II, and worked in Italy for the OSS (Office of Strategic Services) after the war. Returning to Washington DC, he became one of the founding members of the CIA in 1949.

The peak of his career was in detecting "moles", that is, foreign spies in American and western secret services. The 1970s Church Committee of the US Senate established that Angleton was in charge of the domestic spying activities of the CIA under 'Operation CHAOS'.

Eventually he was fired when he accused several western prime ministers of aiding the Soviet Union, and the anti-war and civil rights movements of the 1960s and 1970s as having foreign funding.

## References
* Engelberg, Stephen.  1987. James Angleton, Counterintelligence Figure, Dies. *The New York Times,* May 12, Late City Final Edition, Section D, Page 31, Column 1.
* Hersh, Seymour. The Angleton Story". *The New York Times Magazine,* June 25, 1978, p. SM4.
* Holzman, Michael. 2008. *James Jesus Angleton, the CIA and the Craft of Counterintelligence*, University of Massachusetts Press. 

## Other websites
* *Frontline*—"The Spy Hunter" May 14, 1991  by Tom Mangold for the PBS program
*
2013 FA Cup Final

The **2013 FA Cup Final** was the 132nd final of the FA Cup, the world's oldest football cup competition. The final took place on the 11 May 2013 at Wembley Stadium. Premier League clubs Manchester City and Wigan Athletic took part in the 2013 final, with Wigan Athletic defeating Manchester City 1–0 after an injury time goal from Ben Watson.

## References
Gentleman (PSY song)

"**Gentleman**" () is a song by South Korean singer PSY. The first public performance of the song, with its associated dance, was unveiled at 6:30 p.m. on April 13 at Seoul World Cup Stadium in Seoul.

## References
Ensemble Studios

**Ensemble Studios** was a video game developer. It was founded in 1995 at first as an independent company. It was founded by Tony Goodman, Rick Goodman and John Boog-Scott. It was acquired by Microsoft in 2001 and operated as an internal studio until 2009, when it was officially disbanded. Ensemble developed many real-time strategy games, including the *Age of Empires* game series, *Age of Mythology*, and *Halo Wars*. In addition to game development, Ensemble Studios also made the Genie Game Engine used in *Age of Empires*, *Age of Empires II: The Age of Kings*, and *Star Wars: Galactic Battlegrounds*.

## References
Yoruba religion

**Yoruba religion** is a traditional West African religion, mainly from Nigeria. It is the religion of the Yoruba people. It has influenced some off-shoot religious groups. Today, it is a minority religion. A central idea behind the Yoruba religion is that natural objects, like trees, rivers, stones, and iron have a spiritual existence.

The Yoruba religion has had great influence among black people in Cuba, many of whom are Yoruba descendants. The religion is sometimes used in other Caribbean islands and in the United States. 

In Cuba the religion is known locally as ''regla d'ocha'' (meaning 'the way of the spirits'). *Santería* is a slightly wider term referring to the merging ("syncretism") of African spirits and Catholic saints. Adherents in countries like Cuba may be received into the Catholic Church and initiated into the Yoruban religion, sometimes on successive days.

## References
Xbox Game Studios

**Xbox Game Studios** is the video game production wing for Microsoft, responsible for the development and publishing of games for the Xbox, Xbox 360, Games for Windows and Windows Phone platforms. They were established in 2002 as **Microsoft Game Studios** to coincide with the release of the Xbox, before being re-branded in 2011. Microsoft Studios develops and publishes games in conjunction with first and third party development studios under their publishing label.

## Other websites
* Microsoft's Official Xbox website
*
Blame It on the Rain

**"Blame It on the Rain"** is a song by Milli Vanilli. It was released in summer 1989. The song was their third and last *Billboard* Hot 100 number one hit before their lip synching scandal. The club mix version of the song was on their album *All or Nothing*. It hit number one in November 1989 and stayed there for two weeks.

## References
Palestinian political violence

march in Beirut, Lebanon in 1979.]]' military wing Al-Qassam Brigades on parade in 2011.]] founder George Habash, who coordinated the hijackings of four Western airliners to Jordan, which led to the bloodshed of the *Black September.*]].]] following a terrorist bombing in Haifa, Israel. The Second Intifada (2000–2005) saw a sharp rise in Palestinian political violence, including countless instances of suicide bombings against Jews.]] classroom in Beer Sheba, Israel following a BM-21 Grad rocket fired from the Gaza.]] of a house in a kibbutz following the Nahal Oz massacre.]] following a Palestinian rocket strike on a shopping mall in Israel.]] of mostly Jewish Israelis and Palestinians killed in the Israel and Palestine between 2008 and October 6, 2023, a day before the October 7 massacre – the worst massacre of Jews since the end of the Holocaust.]]**Palestinian political violence** refers to violence or terrorism for which some Palestinians were responsible with a view to achieving goals associated with the Israeli–Palestine conflict (1948 – ). The goals of Palestinian political violence include the disestablishment of the current State of Israel and the recognition of an all-Palestinian state.
## Overview
Palestinian groups engaging in political violence include but are not limited to the Hamas, PLO, PFLP and Palestinian Islamic Jihad, most of which are designated as terrorist groups by several governments, particularly that of the United States (US), New Zealand and the European Union (EU).

## Targets
Targets of Palestinian political violence include but not limited to Jews, Lebanese, Egyptians, Jordanians and Americans.

## Methods
Such violence often manifests itself as massacres by means of suicide bombings, mass shootings, plane hijackings and vehicle-ramming attacks, which were typical in the Second Intifada (September 28, 2000 – February 8, 2005). The worst atrocity committed by Palestinian terrorist groups so far is the October 7 massacre in 2023.

## Statistics
Government statistics showed that at least 3,500 Israelis had been killed in Palestinian-related terrorist attacks since Israel's reestablishment in 1948. In 2022, 59% Palestinians believed that terrorist attacks on Israeli Jews were justified.
## Critique
The legitimacy of Palestinian political violence has long been a subject of contention due to an intersection of complex geopolitico-historical factors, widespread involvement of antisemitic rhetoric and transnational institutional implications.

## Selected list of suicide attacks
### 1989
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### 2024
## Related pages
* Antisemitism
* Disinformation
* The Holocaust
* Islamic terrorism
* Islamic extremism
* Charlie Hebdo shooting
* November 2015 Paris attacks
## References
Museo Reina Sofía

**Museo Reina Sofía** is a museum in Madrid, Spain. Picasso's painting *Guernica* is there.

The Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía (MNCARS, also called the Museo Reina Sofía, Queen Sofia Museum, El Reina Sofia, or simply The Sofia) is Spain's national museum of 20th century art. The museum was officially inaugurated on September 10, 1992 and is named for Queen Sofia of Spain. It is located in Madrid, near the Atocha train and metro stations, at the southern end of the so-called Golden Triangle of Art (located along the Paseo del Prado and also comprising the Museo del Prado and the Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza).

The museum is mainly dedicated to Spanish art. Highlights of the museum include excellent collections of Spain's two greatest 20th century masters, Pablo Picasso and Salvador Dalí.  The Reina Sofia Museum also hosts a free-access library specializing in art, with a collection of over 100,000 books, over 3,500 sound recordings and almost 1,000 videos.

The central building of the museum was once an 18th-century hospital. Extensive modern renovations and additions to the old building were made starting in 1980. In 1988, portions of the new museum were opened to the public, mostly in temporary configurations; that same year it was decreed by the Ministry of Culture as a national museum. Its architectural identity was radically changed in 1989 by Ian Ritchie (architect) with the addition of three glass circulation towers.  A €92 million designed by French architect Jean Nouvel opened October 2005.

The building has been functioning as the Centro del Arte (Art Center) since 1986 but was established as the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía in 1988. But analyzing the building's history up until these events, it appears that the building was subjected to being tested out as different representations of what it is today.

## Photo Gallery, Reina Sofía Museum

File:MNCARS Patio Escultura Miro.JPG|Surrealism artist Miro, Sculpture at The Reina Sofia Museum
File:MNCARS ampliación 12.jpg|The Reina Sofia Museum
File:Patioreinasofia.jpg|The Reina Sofia Museum

File:Museum Reina Sofía Madrid Spain Espana this is a front photo close up at the Queen Sofia Museum in 2011 month of June.jpg|Close up of the front of the Reina Sofía in Madrid Spain.
File:Reina Sofía interior.jpg|Interior gallery photo inside the Reina Sofía Museum
Lin Biao

**Lin Biao** (Birth name: Lin Yurong: Chinese: 林育蓉) (Chinese: 林彪; December 5, 1907 – September 13, 1971) was a Chinese communist military leader. Lin was a general in the First Chinese Civil War (1927-1936),the  Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945),World War 2 (1939-1945) the Second Chinese Civil War (1945-1949),the Korean War (1950-1953),and the Cultural Revolution (1966). He was general of the People's Liberation Army from 1927-1971.

After the war, Lin was key in creating Mao Zedong's personality cult. He wrote the introduction to *The Little Red Book*. Lin was rewarded for his service to Mao by being named Mao's successor in the Ninth Party Congress, 1966. This he remained until his death in 1971 and was considered a traitor just like Ernst Röhm during Night of the Long Knives (1934) in Nazi Germany as well as Genrikh Yagoda,Nikolai Yezhov in 1938 and 1940 and Lavrenty Beria in 1953 in the Soviet Union before and after Stalin’s death.

Lin died in September 1971 when his aeroplane crashed in Mongolia. He was attempting to flee China with his son after what appeared to be a failed military coup. After Lin Biao's death, he was branded a traitor by the Communist Party of China. He, along with Jiang Qing (Mao's forth wife) and the Shanghai Radicals are still officially blamed for the excesses of the Cultural Revolution (1966).

## References
* Lin's introduction to the Little Red Book
* The Encyclopaedia Britannica's article on the man
Globe Theatre

The **Globe Theatre** was a theatre in London where Shakespeare's plays were held. It was built in 1599 by Shakespeare's company, the Lord Chamberlain's Men. Over the years, several theatres have held this name, all in central London.

The Globe could seat 3000 people and 1000 standing in the yard. It was destroyed by fire on 29 June 1613.  A second Globe Theatre was built on the same site by June 1614. It was closed in June 1642, with other theatres, by order of the Puritan Long Parliament.
## Drawings
There are drawings of the outside of the theatre, but historians do not really know what the inside of the Globe looked like. They have had to use written descriptions, details from the building contracts, drawings of other theatres, and clues in the plays written to be performed in the Globe. In 1989 an archaeological dig at the site showed that the building was in the shape of a polygon, with 20 sides. They also discovered the building was 100 feet (31.3 m) in diameter.

## Reconstruction
A modern reconstruction of the Globe, named "Shakespeare's Globe", opened in 1997 about 750 feet (230 m) from the site of the original theatre. The rebuilding was a project started by an American actor, director and producer, Sam Wanamaker. He set up the Globe Theatre Trust, and spent years raising money and researching so that the theatre could be built. He died before the new Globe was finished.

## References
Donald A. Glaser

**Donald Arthur Glaser** (September 21, 1926 &ndash; February 28, 2013) was an American physicist and neurobiologist of Jewish descent. He won the 1960 Nobel Prize in Physics for his invention of the bubble chamber used in subatomic particle physics.

Glaser was born on September 21, 1926 in Cleveland, Ohio. He studied at Case Western University and at the California Institute of Technology. Glaser was married to Ruth Bonnie Thompson from 1960 until they divorced in c. 1970. Then he was married to Lynn Bercovitz from 1975 until his death in 2013. Glaser died on February 28, 2013 in his home in Berkeley, California from natural causes, aged 86.

## References
## Other websites
*Biography and Bibliographic Resources, from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, United States Department of Energy
*Biography of Glaser, Donald A.
The City of God

***The City of God*** is a work of Christian theology. It was written by Augustine of Hippo in Latin in the early 5th century.

The work's full title is **On the city of God against the pagans** (Latin: *Dē cīvitāte Deī contrā pāgānōs*). It is made up of 22 books. Augustine began to write it in 412 or 413. He finished it sometime between 422 and 429. 

## References 
## Other websites
*Latin text
*English translation by Marcus Dods
*SparkNotes: The City of God
Freemium

**Freemium** is a business model, and a marketing term, used for digital products. It means that the base features of a product can be used without payment, but that more advanced features require payment. 

This business model has been used in the software industry since the 1980s. A subset of this model used by the video game industry is called free-to-play. 

## References
Kirby Tilt 'n' Tumble

'''''Kirby Tilt 'n' Tumble'''* is an action puzzle video game for the Game Boy Color game console. It was developed by HAL Laboratory and published by Nintendo. It was released in Japan on August 23, 2000, and in North America on April 11, 2001. It is a spin-off game in the *Kirby'' series of video games.

The player controls Kirby by moving the game console. The game comes with a built-in accelerometer to allow the player to do so. The object of the game is to guide Kirby to a level's goal within the time limit. To do so, the player tilts the console in the direction they wish to move Kirby. 

Kirby can jump if the player moves the console vertically in a jerking motion (moving the console forward quickly). The game involves the collection of stars that are in the level. Levels also have one secret star. The player has to collect all of the secret stars to fully complete the game.

## References
Credit history

**Credit history** or   **credit report** is, in many countries, an information about  past borrowing and repaying, including information about late payments and bankruptcy. The term "**credit reputation**" can be also used to describe *credit history* or *credit score*.

In many countries, when a customer apply for credit from a bank, store or credit card company, their information is checked with credit monitoring organization. Such an organization will check if potential lender have history of some unpaid loans or other problems.

## References
Rachel Robinson

**Rachel Robinson** (born **Rachel Annetta Isum** July 19, 1922) is a former nurse, educator, activist, and the widow of baseball player Jackie Robinson. 

Robinson was born in Los Angeles, California on July 19, 1922. Robinson was played by Nicole Beharie in the movie *42*.

## Personal life 
She studied at the University of California, Los Angeles. While she was at the University, she met Jackie in 1941. They married in 1946. Their son, Jackie Robinson, Jr., was born in November 1946. They later had a daughter, Sharon, and another son, David. Jackie Robinson died in 1972.

She currently resides on a  farm in Salem, Connecticut.

## References
## Other websites
* Jackie Robinson Foundation Website
* Timeline in the Life of Jackie and Rachel Robinson
* USA Today Q&A
* Rachel Robinson's oral history video excerpts at the National Visionary Leadership Project
Fundamental

**Fundamental** may refer to:
* Fundamental frequency, as in music or phonetics
* Fundamentalism, the belief in the basic ideas based on the faith of a system of thought
* Any of a number of fundamental theorems in mathematics, such as:
** The fundamental theorem of algebra
** The fundamental theorem of arithmetic