open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Curtis McClarin

**Curtis L. McClarin** (December 3, 1969 &ndash; March 3, 2014) was an American actor. He had roles in movies, television shows and musical theater plays. He appeared in the movies *The Hard Way* (1991), *Fresh* (1994) and *The Happening* (2008), the television movie *Murder Without Motive: The Edmund Perry Story* about the death of Edmund Perry, and on Broadway in the Tony Award-nominated musical ''Bring in 'da Noise, Bring in 'da Funk''. He was born in the borough of Brooklyn, New York City, New York.

McClarin died in his sleep from a brain aneurysm on March 3, 2014 in his hometown of Brooklyn. He was 44 years old.

## References
## Other websites
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Geoff Edwards

**Geoffrey Bruce Owen** "**Geoff**" **Edwards** (February 15, 1931 &ndash; March 5, 2014) was an American television actor, game show host, radio personality, writer, and broadcaster. He appeared in *I Dream of Jeannie*, *That Girl*, *Petticoat Junction*, ''Diff'rent Strokes*, and *Small Wonder''. He was born in Westfield, New Jersey.

Edwards died from complications of pneumonia at Saint John's Health Center on March 5, 2014 in Santa Monica, California. He was 83 years old.

## References
## Other websites
* Geoff Edwards' travel website 
* Geoff Edwards' blog 
*
Ron Murphy

**Robert Ronald** "**Ron**" **Murphy** (April 10, 1933 &ndash; March 6, 2014) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. he played for the New York Rangers, Chicago Black Hawks, Detroit Red Wings and Boston Bruins over the course of an 889-game National Hockey League (NHL) career. He was born in Hamilton, Ontario.

Murphy died on March 6, 2014 at the age of 80.

## References
## Other websites
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Robby Müller

**Robby Müller** (4 April 1940 &ndash; 4 July 2018) was a Dutch cinematographer. He worked with director Wim Wenders. He was known for his works in *To Live and Die in LA*, Sally Potter's *The Tango Lesson*, *My Brother Tom*, *Breaking the Waves* and *Dancer in the Dark*.

Müller was born in Willemstad, Curaçao. He died on 4 July 2018 from vascular dementia in Amsterdam at the age of 78.

## References
## Other websites
*
Baarle-Nassau

**Baarle-Nassau** is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant. In 2019, 6,847 people lived there.
Park Eun-ji

**Park Eun-ji** (23 January 1979 &ndash; 8 March 2014) was a South Korean politician. She was the vice delegate of the Labor Party. She also was a candidate of New Progressive Party in the 19th legislative election. She was born in Seoul. She also studied at the Korea University from 1997 to 2001.

Park Eun-ji committed suicide by hanging on the evening of 8 March 2014 in her Seoul home. She was 35 years old. She was outlived by her daughter.

## References
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*  
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Einar H. Ingman Jr.

**Einar Harold Ingman, Jr.** (October 6, 1929 - September 9, 2015) was a former United States Army soldier. He is a recipient of the Medal of Honor for his actions in the Korean War.

Ingman was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

## References
## Other websites
* Einar H. Ingman, Jr.  at the Victory Institute
Ronald E. Rosser

**Ronald Eugene Rosser** (October 24, 1929 &ndash; August 26, 2020) was a United States Army soldier. He was a recipient of the Medal of Honor for his actions in the Korean War.

Rosser was born in Columbus, Ohio.

Rosser died on August 26, 2020 at the age of 90.

## References
## Other websites
* Ronald E. Rosser  at the Victory Institute
Francis S. Currey

**Francis Sherman** "**Frank**" **Currey** (June 29, 1925 &ndash; October 8, 2019) was a former United States Army soldier. He was a recipient of the Medal of Honor for his contributions in World War II.

## Early life 
Currey was born in Loch Sheldrake, New York. He was an orphan and grew up in foster care. He enlisted in the Army one week after he graduated high school. He was sent to and completed Officer Candidate School but was refused a commission for being too young. With Anti-Tank grenades he caused the Germans to abandon the tanks so the Americans could escape. After nightfall Currey and his companions managed to find a jeep and return to their own lines. Belgium awarded him their nation's highest honor,the Order of Leopold. He started a landscaping business in his retirement. He moved to South Carolina where he lived for about 20 years, then he returned to Selkirk, New York.

Currey died on October 8, 2019 in Selkirk, New York at the age of 94.

## References
## Other websites
* Francis S. Currey  at the Victory Institute 
* Proclamation by the Governor of New York
Ono Academic College

**Ono Academic College** () is a private university in Kiryat Ono, Israel. It was opened in 1996.

The college has a separate campus that serves Haredi Jews. It was opened in 2001 by Renan Hartman. The college allows men to attend classes on different days than women. In 2003, Rabbi Yehezkel Fogel was appointed chairman to of the campus. Presently there is in the campus nearly 3,000 undergraduate students.

## References
Tibor Rubin

**Tibor "Ted" Rubin** (June 18, 1929 - December 5, 2015) was a Hungarian-born Holocaust survivor and a former United States Army soldier. He was a recipient of the Medal of Honor for his actions in the Korean War.

Rubin was born in Pásztó, Nógrád County.

## References
## Other websites
* Tibor Rubin at the Victory Institute
Richard Coogan

**Richard Coogan** (April 4, 1914 - March 12, 2014) was an American actor. He is best known for his role as Captain Video in *Captain Video and His Video Rangers* from 1949 to 1950. He was also known for his role in *The Californians*.

Coogan died in Beverly Hills, California from natural causes, aged 99.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
After Forever

**After Forever** was a Dutch symphonic metal band. The band started in 1995 as **Apocalypse**. They played death metal. In 1997 the singer Floor Jansen joined the band. After Jansen joined the band its sound became more like symphonic metal. In 2000 the band released their first album *Prison of Desire* in Europe. The band's last album *After Forever* was released on September 28, 2007. The band broke up in 2009.

## References
Too Weird to Live, Too Rare to Die!

***Too Weird to Live, Too Rare to Die! ***is the fourth studio album recorded by American rock band, *Panic! At The Disco*.  This is also the first album introducing bassist, Dallon Weekes, who originally joined the band on tour in 2009.

The album was named after a quote from *Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas*. *Too Weird to Live, Too Rare to Die!* made it to number two on ''Billboard's Top 200'' soon after it was released.  "There's some glitz, some glamour, but there's also the dingy, old Vegas side to the music", lead vocalist, Urie states to MTV.  He also explained that the content of the album reflects on experiences he had.  Overall, he expressed his desire for the album to be ''"music that makes you feel good."
List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft

The list of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft has been split up by year. They can be found at:
*List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft 1919 – 1959
*List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft 1960 – 1989
*List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft 1990 – 2021
Bison antiquus

***Bison antiquus***, sometimes called the "ancient bison", was the most common large herbivore that lived in North America during the Pleistocene for over ten thousand years, and is a direct ancestor of the living American bison.

## References
Mersin Province

**Mersin Province** is a province in southern Turkey. It is on the Mediterranean coast between Antalya and Adana. 

## Name
In 2002, the province's name was changed from İçel to Mersin. The province retained the license plate number of 33, İçel having been the 33rd in the alphabetical order of Turkish province names.

## Geography
87% of the land area is mountain.
About 50% of the population of the province is younger than 24 years of age. 68% were born in Mersin. The literacy rate is 89%. 

## Districts 
Mersin Province is divided into thirteen districts. Four of them are actually included within the municipality of Mersin city (shown in boldface letters).

*Anamur
*Aydıncık
*Gülnar
*Akdeniz
*Mezitli
*Toroslar
*Yenişehir
*Bozyazı
*Çamlıyayla
*Erdemli
*Mut
*Silifke
*Tarsus

## Population of the province 
In the table below, the four second-level municipalities are merged within Mersin proper.
Carbon-14

**Carbon-14** is an isotope of the element carbon, so named because it has an atomic mass of 14. It has an atomic nucleus containing 8 neutrons and 6 protons. 6 is the Atomic number for all carbon isotopes. Carbon-14 is also called “carbon 14” or “radiocarbon”, or in symbols: 14C, or 146C, or C14.

Carbon 14 is the only radioactive isotope of carbon found in nature. It is generated in the Earth’s atmosphere by Cosmic rays and decays with a Half-life of about 5700 years. This long half life makes Carbon 14 exist for enough time to be detected. Other isotopes of carbon are either stable, or have a short half life. 

The amount of carbon 14 that remains after the death of a living thing is a measure of that time. This is useful for as long as 60,000 years. This measurement is radiocarbon dating.

Neutrons in cosmic rays collide with nitrogen in the atmosphere and the collision produces carbon 14 and hydrogen. Plants and other living things take up carbon in the carbon cycle. When a thing dies, there is no source of carbon, and the carbon 14 in the body decays to nitrogen (and also to electrons, antineutrinos, and gamma rays).
Ahmad Tejan Kabbah

**Alhaji Ahmad Tejan Kabbah** (February 16, 1932 &ndash; March 13, 2014) was a Sierra Leonean politician, economist and lawyer. He was the third President of Sierra Leone from 1996 to 1997 and again from 1998 to 2007. He was born in Pendembu, Kailahun District.

Kabbah died after a long illness on March 13, 2014. He was 82 years old.

## Related pages
*List of African scientists by country

## References
## Other websites
*
Richard Sacher

**Richard Sacher** (1 September 1947 &ndash; 27 February 2014) was a Czech politician and civil servant. He was the Interior Minister for Czechoslovakia for a year. He served from 1989 through 1990. He was also a member of the federal assembly for two years. In 2000, Sacher ran for the senate, but lost the election.

Sacher died on 27 February 2014 in Prague, Czech Republic, aged 71.

## References
Ahmad Reza Baharlou

**Ahmad Reza Baharlou** (, born in Darab, Iran) is a former television presenter, movie director, producer and the first director of the Voice of America Persian Service (VOA-PNN).

## Biography 
Baharlou studied economics at the National University (Shahid Beheshti University). He went to the United States of America in 1973 and studied moviemaking. He stayed there until 1978. He made his first movie called *The End of Childhood*. In 1978, he came back to Iran for a very short time and then came back to the United States and started to work for the Voice of America. He quit working for the VOA-PNN in 2008.

## References
Icchokas Meras

**Icchokas Meras** (8 October 1934 &ndash; 13 March 2014) was a Lithuanian-Israeli writer and screenwriter. On 6 December 2010, he was awarded the Lithuanian National Prize. He was born in Kelmė, Šiauliai County. He was Jewish and survived the Holocaust.

Meras died in Tel Aviv, Israel. He was 79 years old.

## References
## Other websites
* Icchokas Meras at Famous Birthdays
Decimal Day

**Decimal Day** is the name that was given to 15 February 1971 in the United Kingdom (UK). It was the day that the UK decimalised (converted to a decimal-based system of currency). Before that date the UK used the "pound (£) - shilling (s) - pence (d)" currency system. The old system was known as the "£sd" system, after the abbreviations of the unit names. £sd is pronounced L-S-D. In the £sd system £1 = 20s and 1s = 12d, so £1 = 240d. In the new decimal system there are no shillings and there are 100 (new) pence (abbreviated as "p") in a pound - so £1 = 100p.

## References
Joe M. Jackson

**Joe Madison Jackson** (March 14, 1923 &ndash; January 13, 2019) was a retired American soldier. He served as a career officer in the United States Air Force. He received the Medal of Honor during the Vietnam War for a dangerous rescue operation of three American military personnel. He was born in Newnan, Georgia.

Jackson died on January 13, 2019 at his home in Washington state at the age of 95.

## References
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge

The **Arctic National Wildlife Refuge** (abbreviated ANWR) is in northeastern Alaska. It was created to protect and keep the area's Wildlife and wilderness.  Some of these are polar bears, grizzly bears, grey wolves, and caribou. Fish species include Dolly Varden, Arctic char, Lake trout and several kinds of salmon. There are at least 194 species of birds that visit or live here. The refuge totals 19,286,722 acres. 

In the ground under ANWR is one of the last major oil reserves in the United States. There are debates on whether or not to allow oil drilling. Those in favor have argued that removing the oil will make the U.S. less dependent on foreign supplies of oil. In the 1990s, the U.S. imported over half of the oil it used.  ANWR is also near the Prudhoe Bay Oil Field. It contains large oil deposits that are already providing oil.  But, the refuge land is a fragile natural environment. The area proposed for oil drilling is also the calving grounds for the Porcupine caribou herds.

## References
Silver Star

The **Silver Star** (officially the **Silver Star Medal**), is the United States third highest military decoration for valor. It can be awarded to any person serving in the United States Armed Forces. The medal is awarded for gallantry in action against an enemy of the United States.

## History 
The *Silver Star* is the successor award to the earlier "Citation Star". The Citation Star was established by an act of Congress on July 9, 1918. On July 19, 1932, the Secretary of War approved changing the "Citation Star" to the Silver Star Medal. The original "Citation Star" is added to the center of medal. The ''Silver Star's'' ribbon is red, white and blue. Authorization for the Silver Star Medal was placed into law by an act of Congress for the U.S. Navy on August 7, 1942. An Act of Congress for the U.S. Army was authorized on December 15, 1942. The US Army and Air Force currently awards the medal as the "Silver Star". The US Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard continues to award the medal as the "Silver Star Medal".

## Award criteria 
The Silver Star is awarded to anyone serving in or with the United States Armed Forces, for "gallantry in action". The Silver Star may also be awarded to members of the armed forces of friendly foreign nations meeting the criteria.

## Order of Precedence 
The Silver Star is worn on the uniform after the Distinguished Service Medal. It is to be worn before the Defense Superior Service Medal. When a second (or more) award is given for the Silver Star, an oak leaf cluster is added to the ribbon.

## Related pages 
* Bronze Star Medal

## References 
## Other websites 
* The Pyramid Of Honor; Order of Precedence of Military Awards
Scrubber

**Scrubber** systems are used to make coal a "cleaner" fuel.  Scrubbers remove sulfur from a power plant's exhaust.  

## Types 
There are two types of scrubbers: wet scrubbers and dry scrubbers. Wet scrubbers use liquid chemicals to remove pollutants. As polluted air passes through a wet scrubber, chemicals in the scrubber react with the air pollution causing it to precipitate out.  

Dry scrubbers typically use fabric filters. In many cases, both wet and dry scrubbers are used together. 

## Uses 
Modern scrubbers can remove up to 98% of the sulfur and 99% of the precipitate matter from within smokestacks. 

The sulfur and metals that are removed from the scrubbers can be sold.  Sludge from lime scrubbers can be sold to wallboard manufacturers, and fly ash from chimney flues can be sold to make lightweight concrete that can substitute for wood. 

## Effects 
The use of coal in the United States about d during the last quarter (25 years) of the 20th century. However, sulfur in the air was reduced by 30% during that same period. This shows that scrubbers work.

## References
Floyd Adams Jr.

**Floyd Adams, Jr.** (May 11, 1945 – February 1, 2014) was an American politician. He was from the state of Georgia. He was the former Mayor of Savannah, Georgia. He was a Democrat.

Adams died in Savannah at the St. Joseph's Hospital from unknown causes. He was 68 years old.

## References
Anthracite

**Anthracite**, often referred to as **hard coal**, is a type of dark coloured coal.  Anthracite produces the fewest pollutants per unit of heat released, having the highest-heat value, and the lowest sulfur content.  At the moment, deposits are largely depleted.

Anthracite is the most metamorphosed type of coal currently known to science.

China does most mining of anthracite. Other producers are Russia, Ukraine, North Korea, South Africa, Vietnam, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada and the United States (east of the Mississippi River and Pennsylvania). Total production in 2010 was 670 million tons.

## References
Gerd Albrecht

**Gerd Albrecht** (19 July 1935 – 2 February 2014) was a German conductor. He was a first-prize winner at the International Besançon Competition for Young Conductors at age 22. He composed with many famous European orchestras such as Deutsche Oper Berlin, the Tonhalle-Orchester Zürich and the Hamburg State Opera.

Albrecht was born in Essen. Albrecht died at the age of 78 on 2 February 2014 in Berlin, Germany.

## References
Jimmer Fredette

**James Taft "Jimmer" Fredette** (born February 25, 1989 in Glens Falls, New York) is an American professional basketball player. In 2014, he joined the Chicago Bulls of the National Basketball Association (NBA).

## References
Ivan Nagy (dancer)

**Ivan Nagy** (28 April 1943 &ndash; 22 February 2014) was a Hungarian ballet dancer. During the Cold War, Nagy began to dance in Washington, D.C. and soon became a well known ballet dancer. 

Nagy was born in Debrecen, eastern Hungary on 28 April 1943.

He worked with Carla Fracci and with Marianna Tcherkassky. His career began in 1965. Nagy retired in 1978. Since the 1980s he worked as an artistic director.

Nagy died on 22 February 2014 in Budapest from an illness, aged 70.

## References
Jerry Sloan

**Gerald Eugene "Jerry" Sloan** (March 28, 1942 &ndash; May 22, 2020) was a National Basketball Association player and head coach, and a member of the Basketball Hall of Fame. He played for the Chicago Bulls from 1966 to 1976. He soon coached them from 1979 to 1982. He also coached the Utah Jazz from 1988 to 2011. Sloan was born in McLeansboro, Illinois.

In April 2016, Sloan was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia.

Sloan died on May 22, 2020 in Salt Lake City, Utah at the age of 78.

## References
Zbigniew Brzezinski

**Zbigniew Kazimierz Brzezinski** (  ; &nbsp; ; March 28, 1928 &ndash; May 26, 2017) was a Polish American political scientist, geostrategist, and . He served as the United States National Security Advisor to President Jimmy Carter from 1977 to 1981.

Brzezinski died at a hospital in Falls Church, Virginia on May 26, 2017 from congestive heart failure at the age of 89.

## References
Amy Smart

**Amy Smart** (born March 26, 1976) is an American actress and former fashion model. She played Julie Harbor in *Varsity Blues* (1999). She played Lillian Hart in *Columbus Circle* (2012).

Smart was born in Topanga, California.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Larry Mickey

**Robert Larry Mickey** (October 21, 1943 – July 23, 1982) was a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger. Mickey played a total of 11 years in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the Chicago Black Hawks, New York Rangers, Toronto Maple Leafs, Montreal Canadiens, Los Angeles Kings, Philadelphia Flyers, and Buffalo Sabres.

When he was playing in the Central Hockey League with the Omaha Knights, he was named to the first team of the All-Stars during the 1966-67 season. His team also made it to the Adams Cup finals the same year.

On April 16, 1967, the night before the third game of the Adams Cup play-off series versus the Oklahoma City Blazers, Mickey got into a car accident on a country road near Seward, Nebraska. The crash was caused by the visibility of the road being almost zero because of dust that was blowing from a nearby field. Mickey suffered a broken left arm, cuts, and bruises. His wife Eleanor, who was a passenger in Mickey's car, died in the accident.

On July 23, 1982, Mickey committed suicide in Buffalo, New York by sitting in his car while the engine was running in his garage.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Bronchiectasis

**Bronchiectasis** is an obstructive lung disease. It is caused by chronic inflammation of the bronchi inside of the lungs. People with bronchiectasis have swollen bronchi. It is sometimes said to be part of the group of diseases called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 

Around 1,500 deaths reported in UK each year are thought to be caused by bronchiectasis. It is more common in males than females and 350,000 to 500,000 people are affected by bronchiectasis each year in America. 

## Signs
People with bronchiectasis have signs and symptoms such as: pain in the chest, tiredness, bad breath, sinusitis, coughing up blood (haemoptysis), and a wheeze. Coarse crackling sounds can be heared when the person breathes in. 3 out of 4 people cough up a lot of sputum that is green or pale yellow. 9 out of 10 people with the disease have a cough that does not go away. The defect can cause finger clubbing.

Chronic inflammation of the airways in bronchiectasis causes permanent dilation and thinning of the airways. 

## Types
There are three kinds of bronchiectasis. These are:
*Cylindrical bronchiectasis
*Varicose bronchiectasis
*Saccular or cystic - This is the most severe type. It is often found in people with cystic fibrosis.

## Causes
People can be born with bronchiectasis or they can develop it later. In about 4 out of 10 cases, a cause is found. People who have rheumatoid arthiritis and smoke are ten times more likely to have the disease. Patients with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency have also been found to be more likely to get bronchiectasis but it is not known why.

## Diagnosis
It is usually diagnosed using a CT scan.

## Treatment
Antibiotics are used to treat bronchiectasis. It can also be treated with other drugs. Sometimes surgery is needed.

## Prevention 
To prevent bronchiectasis, it is essential to avoid lung infections and lung damage that can cause it. Children should get vaccines to protect against measles, whooping cough, and pneumonia. Parents should watch their children to prevent them from breathing in small objects like food or toys. People with bronchiectasis should avoid smoking and breathing in harmful fumes or gases that can cause infections and more problems.

To slow down the progress of this long-term disease, doctors try to the airways clear and remove mucus from the lungs with drugs or surgery. Antibiotics can be used to treat infections and stop the cycle of damage and more infections. A machine might be used to help the patient breathe if needed. Regular vaccines for pneumonia, the flu, and whooping cough can also help. Maintaining a healthy body weight and seeing a doctor regularly can also be helpful. The severity of symptoms and the extent of damage seen on X-rays can affect how likely a person is to survive this disease.

## History
René Laennec wrote the first description of bronchiectasis in 1819.

## Related pages 
* Exudate
* Cor pulmonale
* Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

## References
Rick Blight

**Richard Derek Blight** (October 17, 1955 – April 3, 2005) was a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger. Blight played a total of 5 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the Vancouver Canucks and Los Angeles Kings.

Blight was drafted with the 10th overall by the Vancouver Canucks in the 1975 NHL Entry Draft. After Blight retired from hockey, he became a stockbroker and marketing consultant. He was inducted into the Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame in 1995.

Blight disappeared on April 3, 2005. After two weeks and a Canada-wide search, his body was found dead in a field on his farm near Lake Manitoba with his pickup nearby. It was confirmed that Blight had committed suicide.

## References
## Other websites
*
Bob Love

**Robert Earl "Butterbean" Love** (December 8, 1942 &ndash; November 18, 2024) was an American professional basketball player. In 1968, he joined the Chicago Bulls of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He retired in 1976. Love then worked as the Bulls' Director of Community Affairs. 

Love was born in Bastrop, Louisiana. He was raised in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. He studied at Southern University.

Love also played for the Cincinnati Royals from 1966 to 1968. In 1968, he played for the Milwaukee Bucks. From 1976 to 1977, Love played for the New York Nets. In 1977, he then played for the Seattle SuperSonics.

Love died on November 18, 2024 from cancer in Chicago, Illinois at the age of 82.

## References
## Other websites
*Bob Love NBA career statistics
*Chicago Bulls: Bob Love, Former Stutterer article and video at Sterling Speakers website
*Bio of Bob Love at AEI Speakers
Wiring diagram

A **wiring diagram** is a diagram that shows electrical devices and the electrical wires that connect them. It shows the position and arrangement of each device to be connected by those wires. It may be used to plan where things should be located and wired, or to find them afterwards.

## Related pages 
* Circuit diagram

## References
Hans Blix

**Hans Martin Blix** (born 28 June 1928) is a Swedish politician, civil servant, educator, activist, businessman, diplomat, and chief executive.

He was the Minister of Foreign Affairs for Sweden from 1978 to 1979. He was one of the first Swedish representatives to inspect the Chernobyl disaster in the Soviet Union.

Blix was born on 28 June 1928 in Uppsala, Sweden. He studied at Uppsala University, Columbia University, University of Cambridge and at Stockholm University.

## References
## Other websites
*Annotated Bibliography for Hans Blix from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues 
*WMD Commission Biography 
*UN Maxims Biography
*United Nations Biography
*Dr. Hans Blix's BBC Profile
Vybz Kartel

**Adidja Azim Palmer** (born 7 January 1976) better known as **Vybz Kartel**, is a Jamaican dancehall musician. Kartel started a line of liquor in 2008.

## Career
Kartel has worked with Jay-Z, Rihanna, Missy Elliott, Busta Rhymes, M.I.A, Pharrell, Kardinal Offishall, Akon, Jim Jones, Lil Wayne and Eminem.

## Personal life
On 29 September 2011, Kartel was arrested. Jamaica's Major Investigation Taskforce (MIT) charged him with murder. Kartel was found guilty after a 65-day trial. He was sentenced to life imprisonment on 3 April 2014.

## References
Sidharth Malhotra

**Sidharth Malhotra** (born 16 January 1985) is an Indian actor and former model. He appears in Hindi language films of Bollywood. He started his career in movies with Karan Johar's movie Student of the Year (2012), along with other newcomers, Varun Dhawan and Alia Bhatt, for which he received a nomination in the Filmfare award for Best Male Debut. Later, he gained appreciation in the 2014 movie *Hasee Toh Phasee* in which he was paired opposite Parineeti Chopra, recently he has been paired opposite Shraddha Kapoor in *Ek Villain* which has been released on June 27, 2014. Besides acting in movies, he performs in award functions and is a celebrity endorser for many brands.

## Filmography
## Awards and nominations
## References
## Other websites
*
Harry Harlow

**Harry Frederick Harlow** (October 31, 1905 – December 6, 1981) was an American psychologist. He did experiments on rhesus monkeys in which he separated babies from their mothers.

## Early life
Harlow was born **Harry Israel** on October 31, 1905. He changed his name from Israel because he did not want to be treated badly for seeming Jewish. Harlow started working at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

## References
Neovenator

***Neovenator*** is a dinosaur related to the clade which contains *Allosaurus* as its key member. Since the discovery of *Neovenator* on the Isle of Wight, UK, it has become one of the best-known large carnivorous dinosaurs in Europe.

*Neovenator* was about 7.5&nbsp;meters (24.5 feet) in length, and was of a slim build, weighting 10002000 kg. Some fossils suggest a length of about 10 meters (33 feet), but these fossils are very fragmentary. It lived during the early Cretaceous), about 125 million years ago.

Fossil remains of *Neovenator* have been found on the Isle of Wight (southern England), and were first discovered in the 20th century. *Neovenator* existed alongside *Baryonyx*, *Polacanthus* and *Iguanadon* in the early Cretaceous. It was one of the top predators of its day.

The holotype of *Neovenator salerii* had many pathologies. They were "midcaudal vertebrae fusions, healed fractures of mid-caudal vertebra transverse processes; osteophytes affecting pedal phalanges, healed gastralia rib fractures, some forming false joints... [and] scapula fracture". This means the individual survived and healed after a number of bone fractures.

## References
We All Sleep Alone

**"We All Sleep Alone"** is a hit song from Cher's 1987 album, *Cher*. The song was released in late January 1988.

There are several versions of the song.
Vanessa Carlton

**Vanessa Lee Carlton** (born August 16, 1980) is an American singer. She was born in Milford, Pennsylvania. In 2002 her first album *Be Not Nobody* was released. It reached number one in Australia.

## Personal life
Carlton came out as bisexual on June 19, 2010.

## References
Louise Post

**Louise Lightner Post** (born December 7, 1966) is the guitarist for the rock band Veruca Salt. 

## Career
In 1993 Post started Veruca Salt with her friend Nina Gordon in Chicago. The band released their first album *American Thighs* in 1994. In 1998 Gordon left the band. The band broke up in 2012. In 2013 the band got back together.

## References
Richmond, Rhode Island

**Richmond** is a town in Washington County, Rhode Island. It is in the southwestern region. At the 2020 census, 8,020 people lived in Richmond. There are several villages in the town.

## References
Dušan Pašek

**Dušan Pašek** (7 September 1960 – 15 March 1998) was a Czechoslovakian professional ice hockey centre. Pašek played one season in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the Minnesota North Stars. Pašek was drafted with the 81st overall pick by the Minnesota North Stars in the 1982 NHL Entry Draft.

He also played for Czechoslovakia at the 1984 Winter Olympics where they won a silver medal. When he retired, he became the president of the Slovak Ice Hockey Federation.

On 15 March 1998, Pašek committed suicide by gunshot in his office at Slovan Bratislava in the wake of Slovakia's disappointing performance at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan. He left six suicide notes for his wife, his three children, the Slovak Ice Hockey Federation and Slovan Bratislava officials. He said that he was sorry for killing himself and asked that others try to understand his decision.

## References
## Other websites
*
Meir Har-Zion

**Meir Har-Zion** (25 February 1934 &ndash; 14 March 2014) was an Israeli military commando. He was a key member of Unit 101. Chief of Staff Moshe Dayan described him as "the finest of our commando soldiers, the best soldier ever to emerge in the IDF." Meanwhile, Ariel Sharon described him as "the elite of the elite." He was born in Herzliya, British Mandate of Palestine.

Har-Zion died from natural causes on 14 March 2014. He was 80 years old.

## References
## Other websites
* Meir Har-Zion at the UCC Palestine Solidarity Campaign
Ken Utsui

(24 October 1931 &ndash; 14 March 2014) was a Japanese actor. He had roles in stage plays, movies and television shows from the 1950s to the 2010s.  *Ningen gyorai kaiten* (1955), *Senun Ajia no joo* (1957), *Evil Brain from Outer Space* (1964), *Attack from Space* (1964), *Invaders from Space* (1964), and *Saimin* (1999). He was born in Tokyo.

Utsui died from natural causes on 14 March 2014 in his hometown of Tokyo. He was 82 years old.

## References
## Other websites
*
Bronze Star Medal

The **Bronze Star Medal** is the fourth-highest individual military award. It is the ninth-highest award by order of precedence in the US Military. It may be awarded for acts of heroism, acts of merit, or meritorious service in a combat zone. When it is awarded for acts of heroism, the medal is awarded with the "V" device attached. The required acts are less heroic than those that qualify for the Silver Star.

## Eligibility 
The medal is sometimes called the **Bronze Star.** Foreign soldiers, as well as officers from the other federal uniformed services are also eligible to receive the decoration. They must be serving with a service branch of the United States Armed Forces.

## History 
The Bronze Star Medal was an idea by Colonel Russell P. "Red" Reeder in 1943. He believed it would aid morale if there was a medal which could be awarded by captains of companies or batteries to deserving people serving under them. Reeder felt another medal was needed for ground forces that was equivalent to the Air Medal. He proposed that the new award be called the "Ground Medal". The idea eventually gained support. General George C. Marshall wrote a memorandum (note) to President Franklin D. Roosevelt dated 3 February 1944. He wrote: 

The Air Medal had been adopted two years earlier to raise airmen's morale. President Roosevelt authorized the Bronze Star Medal by Executive Order 9419 dated 4 February 1944. The order was made retroactive to 7 December 1941. The Executive Order was amended by President John F. Kennedy. The Executive Order 11046 dated 24 August 1962 expanded the authorization to include those serving with friendly forces. This allowed for awards where US service members might be involved in an armed conflict where the United States was not a belligerent. At the time of the Executive Order the US was not a belligerent in Vietnam. So any US advisers serving with the Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces would not have been eligible for the award.

A study was conducted in 1947. The outcome was the policy was changed to make the retroactive award of the Bronze Star Medal (without the "V" device) to all soldiers who had received the Combat Infantryman Badge. It also included those who received the Combat Medical Badge during World War II. The reason for doing this was that the badges were awarded to soldiers who experienced the hardships described in General Marshall's memorandum. Both badges required a recommendation by the commander and a citation in orders.

## Order of Precedence 
The Bronze Star is worn on the uniform after the Soldier's Medal or the Airman's Medal. It is to be worn before the Purple Heart. When a second (or more) award is given for the Silver Star, an oak leaf cluster is added to the ribbon. The "V" device (for valor) is worn on the center of the ribbon. Any oak leaf clusters are worn to the right or left of the "V".

## References 
## Other websites 
* The Pyramid Of Honor; Order of Precedence of Military Awards
Roman Lyashenko

**Roman Yurievich Lyashenko** (May 1, 1979 – July 7, 2003) was a Russian professional ice hockey centre. Lyashenko played two seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the Dallas Stars and New York Rangers.

Before he played in the NHL, he played 3 seasons in the RSL with Yaroslavl Torpedo. He was drafted with the 52nd overall pick by the Dallas Stars in the 1997 NHL Entry Draft. He has also played 15 games in the IHL with the Michigan K-Wings and Utah Grizzlies, as well as playing 2 seasons in the AHL with the Utah Grizzlies and Hartford Wolf Pack.

On July 7, 2003, Lyashenko committed suicide while on vacation in Antalya, Turkey with his mother and sister. Turkish police said that Lyashenko left a suicide note and tried to cut his wrists and arms before he hung himself. Glen Sather, general manager of the New York Rangers said "Roman was a quality individual who had a positive impact on everyone he touched, both on and off the ice." Dallas Stars general manager Doug Armstrong also said: "Roman was a quality young man who we were privileged to have in our organization for three years." Lyashenko was buried in Yaroslavl on July 12, 2003.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Otakar Brousek, Sr.

**Otakar Brousek** (28 September 1924 &ndash; 14 March 2014) was a Czech actor and voice actor. He appeared in the movies *Andělská tvář* (2002), *Svatby pana Voka* (1971), and *Můj brácha má prima bráchu* (1975). He also appeared in the television show *F. L. Věk* in 1971. He was born in Krhanice, Czechoslovakia.

Brousek died on 14 March 2014 in Prague, Czech Republic. He was 89 years old. He was outlived by his children, actors Otakar Brousek, Jr. and Jaroslava Brousková.

## References
## Other websites
*
Kannapolis, North Carolina

**Kannapolis, North Carolina** is a city in Cabarrus and Rowan counties in North Carolina. It is near Charlotte. In 2020, 53,114 people lived there.

## References
Marc Potvin

**Marc Potvin** (January 29, 1967 – January 13, 2006) was a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger. Potvin played six years in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the Detroit Red Wings, Los Angeles Kings, Hartford Whalers and Boston Bruins. He was the second cousin of Hall of Famer Denis Potvin and cousin of Jean Potvin.

Before he played in the NHL, he played 4 years of college hockey at Bowling Green State University. He was drafted with the 169th overall pick by the Detroit Red Wings in the 1986 NHL Entry Draft. Potvin also played in the AHL with the Adirondack Red Wings, Providence Bruins and Portland Pirates, as well as one season in the IHL with the Chicago Wolves. When he retired, he became the assistant coach of the Adirondack Red Wings. After that, became the head coach of the Mississippi Sea Wolves in the ECHL for a year. He went on to coach the Springfield Falcons of the AHL for 2 seasons, in the UHL with the Adirondack IceHawks for 2 seasons and 1 season when it was renamed the Adirondack Frostbite. 

On January 13, 2006, Potvin was found dead in his Kalamazoo, Michigan hotel room. He was found hours before the Frostbite were set to play the Kalamazoo Wings. On February 10, police ruled that his death was a suicide. Police said that he hung himself with a belt from the shower rod in his hotel bathroom.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Tom Cavanagh (ice hockey)

**Thomas Garrett Cavanagh** (March 24, 1982 – January 6, 2011) was an American professional ice hockey center. Cavanagh played 18 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the San Jose Sharks.

Before he played in the NHL, he played 4 years of college hockey at Harvard University. During his time there, he was named the ECAC Hockey Best Defensive Forward in the 2004–05 season. He was drafted with the 182nd overall pick by the San Jose Sharks in the 2001 NHL Entry Draft.

During his time with the San Jose Sharks, he set a franchise record for the quickest point scored by a rookie when he assisted on a Joe Thornton goal that came 36 seconds into Cavanagh's first game in the NHL. He was also the Worcester Sharks' all-time scoring leader with 138 points in 202 games. The police said that his death was a suicide. He had been diagnosed with schizophrenia and was put into institutions during the last months of his life.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Purple Heart

The **Purple Heart** is a United States military decoration. It is awarded in the name of the President to those wounded or killed, while serving, on or after April 5, 1917, with the U.S. military. It is the successor to the Badge of Military Merit, which took the form of a heart made of purple cloth. The Purple Heart is the oldest military award still given to U.S. military members. The National Purple Heart Hall of Honor is located in New Windsor, New York.

## History 
The original Purple Heart, called the "Badge of Military Merit", was established by George Washington in 1782. The Badge of Military Merit was only awarded to three Revolutionary War soldiers. If any more had been awarded, any records of being given that award have been lost. 

In 1932 General Douglas MacArthur urged the revival of the Purple Heart medal and he was awarded the first one. The War Department authorized the medal under General Order Number 3. The award was "to be awarded to persons who, while serving in the Army of the United States perform any singular meritorious act of extraordinary fidelity or essential service." 
   
With the establishment of the Legion of Merit award, the Purple Heart was no longer awarded for meritorious service. By Executive Order 9277, dated December 3, 1942, the award was to only be given for wounds received. Additional Executive orders added circumstances where the award can be given. In 1962 it was ordered the medal could be given posthumously (after the person died). A 1984 change allowed the award to be given for wounds received as a result of terrorist attacks or while serving as part of a peacekeeping force. In 1986 public Law 99-145 authorized the award for wounds received as a result of friendly fire. 

Because the medal was given out during many conflicts, the exact number of Purple Hearts awarded is not known.

## Order of Precedence 
The Purple Heart medal is worn on the uniform after the Bronze Star Medal. It is to be worn before the Defense Meritorious Service Medal.

## Notes 
## References 
## Other websites 
* Military Order of the Purple Heart
* The Purple Heart, US Department of Veterans Affairs
* The Pyramid Of Honor; Order of Precedence of Military Awards
Japanese people

**Japanese people** are an ethnic group native to the islands of Japan. They are ethnically related to other peoples of eastern Asia.  Japanese people make up 97.1% of the population of Japan.  Worldwide, around 125 million people are of Japanese descent, making them one of the largest ethnic groups.  Around 119.9 million Japanese people are residents of Japan, In recent decades, there has also been a growing number of people with both Japanese and non-Japanese roots, including those who are half Japanese.

## References
Glenn McDuffie

at Times Square]]
**Glenn Edward McDuffie** (May 31, 1927 &ndash; March 9, 2014) was an American retired World War II soldier. He was known for being the subject of Alfred Eisenstaedt's photograph *V-J Day in Times Square*. He was kissing nurse Edith Shain because World War II ended. 

McDuffie was born in Kannapolis, North Carolina. He died on March 9, 2014 in Dallas, Texas from a heart attack, aged 86.

## References
Robert M. Pirsig

**Robert Maynard Pirsig** (September 6, 1928 &ndash; April 24, 2017) was an American writer and philosopher. He is known for writing many philosophy books. They include: *Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance: An Inquiry into Values* (1974) and *Lila: An Inquiry into Morals* (1991).

Pirsig was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He died on April 24, 2017 at his home in South Berwick, Maine from a long-illness, aged 88.

## References
## Other websites
* Timeline of Pirsig's life
* Pirsig bio from the American Society of Authors and Writers
Lio Tipton

*This is about the American figure skater. For other people called Tipton, see Tipton (disambiguation).*

**Lio Tipton** (born November 9, 1988) is an American figure skater, actress, and fashion model. They became famous after coming third in Cycle 11 of ''America's Next Top Model*. They have also appeared in the movies *The Green Hornet* (2011), *Crazy, Stupid, Love* (2011), *Damsels in Distress* (2011), and *Warm Bodies'' (2013).

Tipton was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

## References
## Other websites
Carlos Moreno (actor)

**Carlos Moreno** (29 August 1938 &ndash; 9 March 2014) was an Argentine actor and director. He worked most on movies and television shows. He was born in La Plata, Buenos Aires Province.

Moreno had a heart attack on 6 September 2013 and survived. On 9 March 2014, he had another heart attack, and died from it, in Buenos Aires. He was 75 years old.

## References
## Other websites
*
T. Boone Pickens

**Thomas Boone Pickens** (May 22, 1928 &ndash; September 11, 2019), known as **T. Boone Pickens**, was an American businessman and financier. Pickens was the chairman of BP Capital Management. At the time of his death, Pickens had a net worth of $500 million. He was born in Holdenville, Oklahoma.

Pickens died on September 11, 2019 in Dallas, Texas from stroke-related problems at the age of 91.

## References
## Other websites
Chaohusaurus

***Chaohusaurus*** is an extinct genus of basal ichthyopterygian, or ichthyosaur, from the Lower Triassic of Chaohu and Yuanan, China. 

It was closer in time and form to *Cymbospondylus* and *Mixosaurus* than to more advanced genera like *Ichthyosaurus*. It did not have the dolphin-like form of later ichthyosaurs, but it was fully aquatic. The tail fin is wide-based and short. The neck is rather long, whereas later ichthyosaurs have no neck. There is no dorsal fin.

It was one of the smallest ichthyosaurs, about 70 to 180&nbsp;cm long. Its weight was about 10&nbsp;kg.

## Reproduction
A recent study of *Chaohusaurus* shows an early example of live birth. A remarkable feature was a baby close to emerging *head-first*. The authors comment:
:"Its headfirst birth posture... strongly indicates a terrestrial origin of viviparity, in contrast to the traditional view. The tail-first birth posture in derived ichthyopterygians, convergent with the conditions in whales and sea cows, therefore is a secondary feature". They comment "obligate marine amniotes appear to have evolved almost exclusively from viviparous land ancestors". 

In other words, ichthyosaurs gave live birth when they were still land dwellers. Then, later, they adapted to an aquatic life.

, including neural and haemal spines; blue, maternal pelvis and hind flipper; green, maternal ribs and gastralia. Embryos 1 and 2 are in orange and yellow, and neonate 1 is in red. Scale bar = 1 cm]] 

## References
Jean Vallée

1970.]]

**Jean Vallée** (born **Paul Georges M. J. Goeders**; 2 October 1941 &ndash; 12 March 2014) was a Belgian singer and songwriter. He was made Knight in the Order of the Crown by HM Albert II in 1999. He was born in Verviers, Liège.

Vallée died after a long illness on 12 March 2014. He was 72 years old.

## References
## Other websites
*
Kirka

**Kirill "Kirka" Babitzin** (22 September 1950 - 31 January 2007) was a Finnish singer. Kirka's most famous songs include "Hengaillaan", "Leijat" (Kites) and "Varrella virran" (Down by the River)". Kirill Babitzin was born in Helsinki in 1950. His parents were Russian emigrants. He first got into music at the age of five when his grandmother gave him an accordion. He won an accordion competition when he was ten years old. He was soon attracted to rock and roll music. His first band was 'The Creatures', which he joined in 1964 assuming stage name Kirka.

## Other websites
* website
Gastralia

'' gastralia]]

**Gastralia** are bones protecting the ventral area of a vertebrate. They are found in some living and fossil reptiles. Crocodiles, plesiosaurs, ichthyosaurs, and theropod dinosaurs have gastralia. Unlike ribs, they are not connected to the vertebrae.