open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Orange, New South Wales

**Orange** is a city in New South Wales, Australia. It is on the Mitchell Highway about 250 kilometres west of Sydney. The main street (where people do all the shopping) is quite large for a country town. There are five high schools and five primary schools in Orange. Orange has two tennis centres, a big pool, an indoor sports centre, a netball centre, football pitches, a university, hockey pitches and lots of parks. There is also a big mine called Cadia and a big fun lake located outside of the town. It has passenger trains to and from Sydney.

## References
Endometrium

The **endometrium** is the innermost membrane of the uterus. It sensitive to hormone changes and menstrual cycle. The endometrium is shed each month as menstrual flow. 

## References
Dwarf (mythology)

A **dwarf** is a humanlike creature from Norse and Germanic mythologies. They have been used in many fairy tales, fantasy, fiction and role-playing games. Pop culture depicts the Dwarves as being short, however original mythology does not, and they were described interchangeably with elves in some stories. 

In some stories, dwarfs are , living under bridges, and having a bad reputation for stealing treasure.  One example is the Norwegian Troll.  It is an ugly and foolish creature who tells lies.  It causes problems everywhere it goes.  That is how the Internet troll got its name.  In Robert Louis Stevenson's story, "Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde," Edward Hyde is described as "a dwarf."

On the other hand, J. R. R. Tolkien's hobbits and the munchkins in The Wizard of Oz are likeable, honest, good and smart.

## Related pages 
* Dvergr
* Goblin

## References 
## Other websites 
* Pictures from the "25cm dwarf", discovered in Iran. 
* Orange Alternative Website 
* Dwarves and Pygmies of ancient Egypt
Plesiosaurus

***Plesiosaurus*** was a large marine reptile from the Early to Late Jurassic period. It is one of the most famous plesiosaurs of all time. 

The first specimen discovered by Mary Anning in 1820-21 was missing its skull. She found it on the Jurassic coast of Lyme Regis, Dorset, England. In 1823 she found another one, this time complete with its skull. The name *Plesiosaurus* was given by the Rev. William Conybeare.

*Plesiosaurus* was a predator, living mostly on fish and belemnites. It would swim through schools of fish and use its long neck and sharp teeth to snap them up.

*Plesiosaurus* was a fairly typical member of its order, and measured around 3 to 5 metres (10 to 16 ft) in total length. The snout was short, but the jaws were able to open very wide, and had a series of conical teeth in sockets. The neck was quite long, and the short tail was used for steering. Like all plesiosaurs, it used its large paddles to swim.

Only two species are known, and the genus existed for about 25 million years from the beginning of the Jurassic period.

Scientists have wondered whether ancient reptiles like pleisiosaurs were warm-blooded or cold-blooded. Scientists from the University of Plymouth studied many animals of different sizes from insects to whales that dive and hold their breath. They found that larger animals can hold their breath longer than smaller animals because they can store more oxygen. They also found this difference was much bigger for warm-blooded animals than for cold-blooded animals. They said this could be why whales became so large. They think since plesiosaurs were also large, like whales, they were more likely to be warm-blooded than cold-blooded.

Scientists also looked at the phosphate molecules inside plesiosaurs' teeth and saw the oxygen isotopes that suggested they had been warm-blooded.
 
## References
Yggdrasil

**Yggdrasil** (Old Norse: *Yggdrasill*), also known as **King Drasil** (Old Norse: *Konungr Drasill*), is the name of the immense cosmic tree that serves as the connection between the Nine Worlds in Norse mythology. Referred to as the **World Tree**, Yggdrasil was said to lie at the very center of the universe, supported by three roots which extend far away into varying locations. Various creatures dwell within Yggdrasil. Upon the onset of Ragnarök, Yggdrasil will shudder and groan, ultimately crumbling as the universe meets its end.

## Yggdrasil and Its Structure 
Yggdrasil's roots extend into three locations: **Urðarbrunnr** (Old Norse: “Well of Urðr”), **Hvergelmir** (Old Norse: “bubbling" or "boiling spring"), and **Mímisbrunnr** (Old Norse: “Well of Mímir"). As seen in the Poetic Edda poem, Grímnismál (Old Norse: "Sayings of Grímnir"), various creatures dwell within the World Tree, including: 

**Níðhöggr** (Old Norse: *Níðhǫggr* - “Malice striker”), a massive dragon/serpent-like being that gnaws at its root(s), an unnamed eagle, and the hawk **Veðrfölnir** (Old Norse: “wind bleached” or “wind-witherer”), who sits between its eyes, along with the four stags **Dáinn**, **Dvalinn**, **Duneyrr**, and **Duraþrór**. 

The **Three Norns** (Old Norse: *Nornir*) - Urðr (Old Norse: “fate”), Verðandi (Old Norse: possibly “happening” or “present”), and Skuld (Old Norse: possibly “debt” or “future”) - attend to Yggdrasil, weaving the fates of both gods and men. 

## References
Vanir

The **Vanir** are one of the two tribes of deities in Norse mythology, the other being the Æsir. Native to Vanaheimr, the Vanir are peace-loving gods, associated with nature and fertility, while the Æsir were chaotic and warlike. Members of the Vanir include:
*Njörðr - God of the sea and wind, he was chief of the Vanir in the years prior to the Æsir-Vanir War.
*Freyr - God of prosperity and sunshine.
*Freyja - Twin sister of Freyr, she is the goddess of love and beauty, magic, war, and death. 
*Skaði - Goddess of hunting and skiing, she is Freyr and Freyja's stepmother by way of her marriage to Njörðr. 
*Gerðr - Freyr's beloved wife, she is a jötunn native to the realm of Jötunheimr. 
*Oðr - Freyja's husband, who might be just a doublet of Odin. Nothing is known about Óðr except that he often went away on long journeys. When he was away, Freyja wept from loneliness. Her tears become the purest gold and amber.
*Gullveigr - A practitioner of dark magic, Gullveigr was a notably powerful sorceress. She was burnt and killed three times by the Æsir, which eventually led to the war between the two tribes. Loki ate the burnt heart of Gullveigr, causing him to give birth to a monster. Gullveigr still lived after all those punishments.
*Heimdallr - Guardian of the Bifröst. Whether he is Æsir or Vanir is unclear.
*Ullr - God of hunting. In later traditions, Ullr is considered as a stepson of Thor.

A number of the Vanir live in Asgard alongside the Æsir as a token of goodwill following the war between the two tribes, which resulted in them uniting into a single pantheon (group). The goddess Freyja receives half of those slain in battle as a share of power between the two clans.
Festival

A **festival** is a gathering of people to celebrate something. It can also refer to a one-day or more when people in a country have a holiday so that they can celebrate something. Festivals may be religious or national. They also may be events which feature different cultural programs such as music, dancing, poetry, movies, etc.

## Related pages
* Halloween
* Christmas
* Thanksgiving
* New Year
* Easter
* Pentecost
* Eid festival
* Divali
* Yom Kippur
* Guy Fawkes Night
Oort cloud

]]
]]

The **Oort cloud**, '''Oort's cloud**, or **Öpik–Oort cloud''', is a cloud of comets and other objects.  Astronomers believe it is way beyond the orbits of Pluto and the Kuiper belt. The Oort cloud is believed to be the source of long-period comets in the Solar System.

The Oort cloud may lie about 50,000 AU, or nearly a light-year, from the Sun. This means the cloud is nearly a quarter of the way to Proxima Centauri, the nearest star to the Sun. 

The Kuiper belt and scattered disc, the other two reservoirs of trans-Neptunian objects, are less than one-thousandth of the Oort cloud's distance. The outer limit of the Oort cloud defines the boundary of the Solar System and the region of the Sun's gravitational dominance.

The Dutch astronomer Jan Hendrik Oort published the Oort cloud idea in 1950. The Oort cloud was named after him, as were the Oort comet, and Oort constants.

## Structure 
The Oort cloud takes up a lot of space and is thought to have trillions of comets about tens of millions of kilometers apart. 

The Oort cloud is made up of an inner Oort cloud and an outer Oort cloud. The outer cloud is weakly bound to the Sun; long-term comets are thought to come from there. The Inner cloud is also called the **Hills cloud** and maybe the maker of comets.

The objects in the Oort cloud are believed to consist of much ice. Since the object 1996 PW was found to be a rocky body in an orbit typical of long-period comets, it is believed that rocky objects might be in the Oort cloud. 

### Origins 
The Oort cloud is thought to be the remains of a protoplanetary disk that surrounded the Sun long ago.

## References
Zhou dynasty

The **Zhou dynasty,** pronunciation ( ), replaced the Shang dynasty in 1046 BCE.  The kings of this dynasty made the empire a lot bigger.  For the first time in the history of China, many people began moving to far away places inside the empire.  The Zhou rulers moved the capital from Henan to a place near present-day Xi'an, near the Yellow River.  The Zhou Dynasty also brought the theory of the Mandate of Heaven.  This theory said that the fact that rulers were in charge proved that the gods wanted them to be in charge.  Almost all dynasties of Chinese rulers after the Zhou continued to believe this theory.

Mature Chinese philosophy developed during the Zhou Dynasty. The greatest Chinese philosophers were Confucius (), founder of Confucianism, and Laozi, founder of Daoism. Other philosophers, theorists, and schools of thought from the Zhou Dynasty were Mozi (Latin: Micius), founder of *Mohism*, Mencius (), a famous Confucian who expanded upon Confucius legacy, Shang Yang and Han Feizi, responsible for the development of *ancient Chinese* Legalism (the core philosophy of the Qin Dynasty), and Xunzi.

## References 
## Other websites
Tony Iommi

**Frank Anthony "Tony" Iommi** (born 19 February 1948, in Birmingham, England) is a British guitarist and songwriter. He is most famous for starting the heavy metal band Black Sabbath. He is the only person who has stayed a member of the band since it began in 1968. He lost two finger tips in a work accident, and made two fake finger tips from a plastic bottle. This helped give Black Sabbath their heavy sound.

In 2003, Iommi was listed at number 86 in Rolling Stone Magazine's *"100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time"* issue.

Along with Jimmy Page of Led Zeppelin, Iommi is oft considered one of the greatest riff writers of all time.  Iommi used several riffs in Black Sabbath's songs.

He was born to an Italian immigrant family and has dual Italian British citizenship. 

In 2006 Tony Iommi was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

## References
Yellow River

The **Yellow River** (Huáng Hé 黄河) is the second longest river in China (after Yangtze River) and the sixth longest in the world. The river is 5464&nbsp;km long and it drains at the Bohai Sea, a gulf of the Yellow Sea. The river is often called the "Mother River of China" and "the Cradle of the Chinese civilization" in China. In Chinese mythology, the river is home to the deity Hebo.

## References
## Other websites 
* Yellow River delta Information at LSU
* Listen to the *Yellow River Ballade* from the *Yellow River Cantata*
* "A Troubled River Mirrors China’s Path to Modernity" *New York Times* November 19, 2006
* Illustrations of Guarding the Yellow River  is an old book that shows how China protected the cities around the River from flooding.
* Illustrated Work on the Storage and Drainage Activities at the Lakes and Rivers of the Yellow River and the Grand Canal
Han dynasty

The **Han dynasty** came to power in 202 BC. They followed the laws of Confucianism and legalism. This was called 'the Han synthesis'. 

The Han dynasty was considered the golden age of early China with many important events and discoveries.

## History 
The Han dynasty ruled China for over 400 years: from 206 B.C. to 220 A.D. Its first emperor was Liu Bang, known in Chinese as Emperor Gaozu of Han. 

Emperor Gaozu maintained a legalist ideology, just like the Qin dynasty had. However, the emperor also had ideas related to Confucianism about having a centralized system showing benevolence. 

After eighty years, Emperor Wu of Han launched a period of military expansion. The Han armies took control of many territories, including the extremely important Silk Road in Mongolia and Xinjiang. The Silk Road helped make the empire a political, economic, military, and cultural center, but it was very expensive to manage and further expansion was cut off. 

Several factors contributed to the fall of the Han dynasty, including uprisings of desperate and hungry people, the spread of attacks by nomadic groups, and official corruption.

## Importance 
### Accomplishments 
Under the Han dynasty:

* China made progress in arts and science
* The empire also became larger and larger
* China started trading with a number of other countries
* The Silk Road was formed. Merchants used the Silk Road to reach China for trade. 
* Buddhism was introduced in China. 

### Han Chinese 
In the Han dynasty, many of the features of Chinese culture (including Confucianism and Chinese characters) became firmly established. For this reason, the dominant ethnic group in China today calls themselves the Han Chinese.

## Literature 
Fairbank, John King and Merle Goldman 1992. *China: a new history*. 2nd enlarged edition 2006. Cambridge: MA; London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. 

## Other websites 
* Han Dynasty by Minnesota State University 
* Han Dynasty art with video commentary, Minneapolis Institute of Arts
Impeachment

**Impeachment** is a way to remove a government officer from their position in some countries. 

## Process 
Impeachment is like an indictment, which the prosecutor needs to get before a trial. First a legislature must vote to impeach a person. Later, there is another vote on whether or not to convict the person. This vote may be done by the same people who voted to impeach the person, or by someone else (like in a bicameral legislature). 

Several different types of office holders may be impeached, but cases against the President or leader of a country usually attract the most attention.

### United States 
In the United States, only Congress has the power to impeach a federal official (like a President, Vice President, judge, or legislator).
]]
First the U.S. House of Representatives votes to impeach the person and charge them with committing treason, bribery, or other "high crimes and misdemeanors". Next the U.S. Senate holds a trial. The accused person cannot be convicted and removed from office unless two-thirds of the Senators vote for it. Most of these (15 people) were federal judges; three were U.S. presidents; one was a Senator; and the rest were other federal officials. The process lasted for seven years and ended in his acquittal. So was South Korean president Park Geun-hye in 2017. 

Three Presidents of the United States were impeached: Andrew Johnson (in 1868), Bill Clinton (1998) and Donald Trump (in 2019 and again in 2021).

## Related pages 
* First impeachment of Donald Trump
* Second impeachment of Donald Trump
* Impeachment of Bill Clinton 
* Impeachment process against Richard Nixon 
* Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff 
* List of Impeached officials removed from office on English Wikipedia

## References
Rebellion

and Wijerd Jelckama fighting for the freedom of his people]]

A **rebellion** is when people refuse to obey orders and fight against authority. Those who do this are “rebels”. They may be citizens of a country who try to take over the government by force because they do not trust the current system. Some rebels in history were slaves who fought back against their masters or against slavery in general. Leaders of slave rebellions include Spartacus and Nat Turner.

The Zhou dynasty in China feared rebellion. Rulers of other Chinese states that were captured live were made to with their families in the Zhou capital, Anyang. However, this way failed to stop rebellion because groups of lords were brought together that could rebel. The Zhou dynasty declined because other lords who were ruling parts of China rebelled.

Rebellion is a usual method of secession.
Battle

A **battle** is a fight between two or more groups where each group is trying to  (beat) the others.  Battles are most often fought during wars.  A small battle fought by only a small part of the armies is called a skirmish.  Series of battles are called military campaigns.  The ground on which a battle is fought is called a battlefield.

Battles can very important, for example the 1389 Battle of Kosovo, which was a draw in military terms, and the 1798 Battle of the Nile which the French lost, changed the history of  Europe and the world. 

## Land battles 
*300 Spartans at Thermopylae: Battle of Thermopylae 480 BC
*Siege of Carthage: 149146 BC
*Battle of Hastings – 1066
*Battle of Kosovo – 1389
*Battle of Waterloo – 1815
*The Battle of Trenton 1776 saved the American Revolutionary cause.
*Battle of Gettysburg – 1863
*Battle of Verdun – 1916
*Battle of the Bulge – 1944
*The firebombing of Tokyo on the night of March 9-10, 1945.
*Battle of Inchon – 1950, Korean War
*Tet Offensive – 1968, Vietnam War

### Naval battles
*Battle of Trafalgar – 1805
*Battle of Midway – 1942

## Related pages 
* Siege

## References
Device

**Device** could mean:
* A machine or part of one
* A tool or part of one
* An information appliance, such as a cell phone
* *Device* implying computer hardware
* A peripheral device attached to a computer
* A display device (or graphics device), for visual or tactile presentation of images and/or text
* An electronic component
* A device file, in computing
* *Device No.1* (Flint album), an album by Flint
* Heraldic device, part of a coat of arms
* An attachment to a medal's ribbon denoting special service, participation in a battle, or additional awards. Examples include a service star and the oak leaf cluster.

**Devise** could mean:
* To invent
* A disposition of real property in a will, like a bequest
Edward IV of England

**Edward IV** (28 April 1442 — 9 April 1483) was the King of England from 1461 until he was deposed in 1470 and again from 1471, when he was restored to the throne, to his death. He was one of the main figures in the Wars of the Roses, a series of civil wars in England that were fought between the House of York and the House of Lancaster between 1455 and 1487. 

Edward became the leader of the Yorkists when his father, Richard, Duke of York, died at the Battle of Wakefield in December 1460. Edward and his forces beat the Lancastrian armies at Mortimer's Cross and Towton in early 1461. Then, he deposed King Henry VI and became King of England.  In 1464, he married Elizabeth Woodville., which led to conflict with his chief advisor, Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, known as the "Kingmaker". Warwick wanted Edward to marry a princess from another country. In 1470, Warwick and Edward's brother George, Duke of Clarence led a revolt and briefly reinstalled Henry VI as king. 

Edward fled to Flanders, where he gathered support. His forces invaded England in March 1471. After winning the Battles of Barnet and Tewkesbury, he became king again. Soon afterward, Henry VI was found dead in the Tower of London. Edward ruled in relative peace for the next twelve years. He died suddenly in April 1483.

He was succeeded by his son Edward V, but Edward IV's brother Richard III soon took the throne.

## Popularity and appearance 
Edward was seen as a strong and popular king.  He was also tall at . That was very tall for a man in the 15th century. The only taller monarch was the later Peter I of Russia, who was  tall.

## References
Mozilla (web browser)

**Mozilla** was a web browser that was made open source. It was developed by Mozilla Foundation. It was the base of Mozilla Firefox.

## Other websites
* Mozilla's official website

## Related pages
* Internet Explorer
* Google Chrome
Quetzalcoatlus

***Quetzalcoatlus***  is a genus of giant pterosaur, the largest animal ever to fly. The largest individuals measured a size of 10 to 12 meters wing-span (33-40 feet), but was light in construction (~200 pounds). *Quetzalcoatlus* had an unusually long neck, and when it stood on the ground it was as tall as a giraffe. Its fossil record is from the Late Cretaceous of North America, between 68 to 66 million years ago. *Quetzalcoatlus* became extinct at the K/T extinction event. 

The genus include two valid species, the type named as ***Q. northropi*** and the recent named ***Q. lawsoni***. The *Q. lawsoni* is the smaller species, with a maximum size of 4.5 to 6 m (11.5-19.6 ft) in lenght, and a weight probably up to 30 kg (66.1 lbs). It was not a dinosaur, but was related. *Quetzalcoatlus* coexisted with the massive theropod *Tyrannosaurus rex*.
## Its discovery 
A college student found the first *Quetzalcoatlus* fossil in Big Bend National Park in Texas. His name was Douglas Lawson, from the University of Texas in Austin. When he was in the park, he saw a bone sticking out of a rock. Since the bone looked , like the bone of a bird, he thought it was part of a flying creature – and he was right. With his professor's help, he kept digging until lots of bones from an arm and wing were found. The rest of the animal's body was missing. Many others have looked for the rest of that huge pterosaur, but it has never been found. Other fossils of *Quetzalcoatlus* have been found, but none are as big as the one Lawson found.

## Flight 
 hunting a juvenile Titanosaur.]]
Since *Quetzalcoatlus* was so large, two researchers suggested it was too heavy to fly. This would have been astonishing, because in the whole fossil record there is no flightless pterosaur. It has been thought their mobility on the ground was too poor for them to survive without flight. However, a recent discussion of this idea concluded they probably could fly after all. Another analysis suggested their flight was quite strong. Since we have only a few bones, the question of weight cannot be settled at present.

## Lifestyle 
The feeding habits of *Quetzalcoatlus* (which had a long beak with no teeth) are unknown. This question, and its flight, are still being discussed. The lack of a more detailed skeleton is the main problem in reaching conclusions. Two theories have been proposed.

One idea is that it ate fish, by flying with its jaw in the water, and snapping up fish when it hit them. Texas was largely covered by the Western Interior Seaway at the time. "Of these proposed lifestyles, in-flight piscivory [fish-eating] appears to have gained the most acceptance, with skim-feeding being a frequently suggested foraging method."

## Media 
*Quetzalcoatlus* was shown in the movie *When Dinosaurs Roamed America* eating a dead *Triceratops* carcass.

## References
Bagel

.]]

**Bagels** are a type of bread made with flour. They look like doughnuts, and they are leavened with yeast. They have a , shiny crust and a dense inside. Bagels are glazed, and in a ring-shaped roll. They are different from doughnuts because they are boiled before baked. Bagels are sometimes called "the cement doughnuts". 
The bagel is regarded as a special kind of Jewish food. They are eaten usually for breakfast or a snack.

## Overview
Bagels are made from the basic bread ingredients of flour, yeast, salt, and sweet kinds of spices. Flour gives the bread its chewy taste, which can be made more light by eggs, milk, and butter. They are the only bread product that is boiled before it is baked. Bagels are often toasted in a toaster and then paired with foods like cream cheese (a soft cheese that tastes a little sweet) and jam, or with butter. Bagels can also be used to make sandwiches, with meat (for example smoked salmon) and egg and cheese. Bagel sandwiches are usually eaten for breakfast or lunch.

## History
Bagels were formally an obscure ethnic treat found only in the city's Jewish neighourhoods. Bagels were first sold in grocery stores in the 1950s. Frozen bagels were first introduced in 1960. When Polish Jews went away to America, they brought the beugel with them. The first beugel bakeries were founded in New York City in the 1920s. Later the name was changed and called a bagel. Bagels have been used as a symbol of the continuous cycle of life—without beginning and without end. In the East End of London, the bagel is known as a beigel, and poplar in many of the areas where many Jewish immigrants first arrived in London in the 19th century, such as Whitechapel and Spitalfields, and Brick Lane in particular, home to the Beigel Bake.

## References
Doughnut

Donuts]]
A **doughnut** (spelled **donut** in various marketing sectors) is a type of deep fried dessert food made out of dough or batter.

## How they are made
 on a doughnut]]
Round ringed doughnuts are made by joining the ends of a long, thin piece of dough into a ring or by using a doughnut cutter, which perfectly cuts the outside and inside shape, leaving a doughnut-shaped piece of dough and a doughnut hole from dough removed from the center. This smaller piece of dough can be cooked or re-added to the batch to make more doughnuts. A disk-shaped doughnut can also be stretched and molded into a torus until the center breaks to form a hole. Or, a doughnut  can be used to place a circle of liquid dough (batter) into the deep fryer. Doughnuts can be made from a yeast-based dough for more puffy doughnuts or a special type of cake batter. Yeast-raised doughnuts contain about 25% oil by weight, whereas cake doughnuts' oil content is around 20%, but they have extra fat in the batter before frying. Cake doughnuts are fried for about 90 seconds at about 190 °C to 198 °C, turning once. Yeast-raised doughnuts absorb more oil because they take longer to fry, about 150 seconds, at 182 °C to 190 °C. Cake doughnuts normally weigh between 24 g and 28 g, whereas yeast-raised doughnuts normally are 38 g and are mostly larger when finished. Some types of cake doughnuts are also baked,  as opposed to fried, which greatly reduces the fat content.

## Types
"]]
The two most common types of doughnut are ring doughnuts, which are shaped like rings, and filled doughnuts, which are round and have jam, jelly, custard, whipped cream, or chocolate inside them. There are also "doughnut holes" or "munchkins" which come in the shape of small balls. Most doughnuts have an icing (also called a "frosting") made with icing sugar, water, and flavourings (such as chocolate). Some doughnuts are rolled in sweet foods such as sugar or shredded coconut.

## Pictures

File:Krispy Kreme Doughnuts counter, Wetherby Service Station.jpg|Krispy Kreme donuts counter in the UK 
File:Doughnuts cz.jpg|Doughnuts from the Czech Republic
File:Munkinpaisto.jpg|Doughnuts being cooked in a deep fryer
File:Krispykremesbeingmade.JPG|Glazed doughtnuts being made at a Krispy Kreme factory
Doughnuts 7.jpg

## Related pages
*Pastry
*Cake
*Dough

## References
Fedora (operating system)

**Fedora Linux** is a distribution (or *distro*) of Linux. It is developed by the community-supported Fedora Project and sponsored by Red Hat. Fedora's mission statement is: "Fedora is about the rapid progress of Free and Open Source software."

Linus Torvalds, author of the Linux kernel, says he uses Fedora because it had fairly good support for PowerPC when he used that processor architecture. He became used to the operating system and continues to use it.

## Releases
### Fedora Core 1 - 4
*Fedora Core 1*, codenamed Yarrow, was the first version of Fedora. It was released on November 6, 2003. Fedora Core 1 was based on Red Hat Linux 9 and shipped with version 2.4.19 of the Linux kernel, version 2.4 of the GNOME desktop environment, and version 3.1.4 of KDE (the K Desktop Environment).

*Fedora Core 2*, codenamed Tettnang, was released on May 18, 2004. It shipped with Linux 2.6, GNOME 2.6, KDE 3.2.2, and SELinux XFree86 was replaced by the newer X.org, a merger of the previous official X11R6 release, which additionally included a number of updates to Xrender, Xft, Xcursor, fontconfig libraries, and other significant improvements.

*Fedora Core 3*, codenamed Heidelberg, was released on November 8, 2004. This was the first release of Fedora Core to include the Mozilla Firefox web browser, as well as support for the Indic languages. It shipped with Linux 2.6.11, This version introduced the new Clearlooks theme, which was inspired by the Red Hat Bluecurve theme. It was the first Fedora release to include Mono and tools built with it such as Beagle, F-Spot and Tomboy.

*Fedora Core 6*, codenamed Zod, was released on October 24, 2006. This release introduced the Fedora DNA artwork, replacing the Fedora Bubbles artwork used in Fedora Core 5. The codename is derived from the infamous villain, General Zod, from the Superman DC Comic Books. This version introduced support for the Compiz compositing window manager and AIGLX (a technology that enables GL-accelerated effects on a standard desktop).

### Fedora 10 
Fedora 10, codenamed *Cambridge*, was released on November 25, 2008.

### Version history 
### Fedora gallery

File:Fedora_Core_1.png|Fedora Core 1
File:Fedora_Core_2.png|Fedora Core 2
File:Fedora_Core_3.png|Fedora Core 3
File:Fedora_Core_4.png|Fedora Core 4
File:Fedora_Core_5.png|Fedora Core 5
File:Fedora Core 6 Desktop.png|Fedora Core 6
File:Fedora_7_Desktop.png|Fedora 7
File:Fedora 8 GNOME.png|Fedora 8
File:Fedora.png|Fedora 9
File:Fedora 10 GNOME.png|Fedora 10
File:Fedora 11 GNOME.png|Fedora 11
File:Fedora_12_Constantine_GNOME.png|Fedora 12
File:Fedora 14 GNOME.png|Fedora 14

## Related pages
* List of Linux distributions

## References 
## Other websites 
* Fedora Project homepage
*
Goal

**Goal** can mean more than one thing. These meanings are listed as follows.
* A goal can be a task.
* Game Oriented Assembly Lisp
*Goal (sport), the result of a score. It can also be the actual thing the player aims at to make a score, e.g. a goalpost in football.
Superconductor

levitating above a high-temperature superconductor, cooled with liquid nitrogen. Persistent electric current flows on the surface of the superconductor. This excludes the magnetic field of the magnet (Faraday's law of induction). In effect, the current forms an electromagnet that repels the magnet]]

A **superconductor** is a substance that conducts electricity without resistance when it becomes colder than a "critical temperature." At this temperature, electrons can move freely through the material. Superconductors are different from ordinary conductors, such as copper. Ordinary conductors lose their resistance (get more conductive) slowly as they get colder. In contrast, superconductors lose their resistance all at once. This is an example of a phase transition. High magnetic fields destroy superconductivity and restore the normal conducting state. Some examples of superconductors are the metals mercury and lead, ceramics and organic carbon nanotubes.

Normally, a magnet moving by a conductor produces currents in the conductor by electromagnetic induction. But a superconductor actually pushes out magnetic fields entirely by inducing surface currents. Instead of letting the magnetic field pass through, the superconductor acts like a magnet pointing the opposite way, which repels the real magnet. This is called the Meissner effect, and it can be demonstrated by levitating a superconductor over magnets or vice versa.

## Explanation 
Physicists explain superconductivity by describing what happens when temperatures get cold. The thermal energy in a solid or liquid shakes the atoms so they randomly vibrate, but this gets less as the temperature drops. Electrons carry the same negative electric charge which makes them repel each other. At higher temperatures each electron behaves as if it were a free particle. There is also however a very weak attraction between electrons when they are in a solid or liquid. At rather large distances ( many hundreds of nanometers apart) and low temperatures (near absolute zero), the attractive effect and lack of thermal energy allows pairs of electrons to hang together. This is called a cooper pair and it is a quasiparticle, that is it acts as if it were a new kind of particle in its own right even though it is made up of two fundamental electrons.

Many overlapping cooper pairs can exist in the same nanometer sized space. Since paired electrons constitute a boson the motions of all of the cooper pairs within a single superconductor synchronize and they function as if they are a single entity. Small disturbances such as scattering of electrons are forbidden in this state, and it moves as one, showing no resistance to its motion. Thus, it is now a superconductor.

## History of superconductors 
## Applications 
* Superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID)
* Powerful magnets
** Particle accelerators
** Small particle accelerators in health
** Levitating trains
** Nuclear fusion
** MRI Scanner

## References
## Related pages
*Superfluidity
Bathurst, New South Wales

**Bathurst** is a city in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is about 200km west of Sydney. Bathurst has a campus of Charles Sturt University and a cathedral.

Bathurst is famous for Mount Panorama racetrack. Every year the Bathurst 1000 motor race happens over Easter. The race is a 1000 km event. The racetrack is 6.213km. It usually takes drivers about 7 hours to complete the race. 

Bathurst has passenger trains to and from Sydney. 

## References
List of Pacific typhoon seasons

The following is a **list of Pacific typhoon seasons**. Unlike Atlantic and Pacific hurricane seasons, they run for the whole year, starting on January 1 and ending on December 31. These dates are when tropical cyclones usually form in the western half of the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator.

## 1900s
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959

1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

## 2000s
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009

2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019

2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025

## Related pages
*List of Pacific hurricane seasons
*List of Atlantic hurricane seasons
Songhai Empire

The **Songhai Empire** dominated the western Sahel in the 15th and 16th century. 

At its peak, the empire was one of the largest in both Islamic and African history. The Songhai people were the ruling elite in the empire. Gao was the capital of the empire. Other important cities in the empire were Timbuktu and Djenné, conquered in 1468 and 1475 respectively. Trade flourished in those towns. 

Initially, the empire was ruled by the Sonni dynasty (c. 1464–1493), but it was later replaced and then ruled by the Askiya dynasty (1493–1591). After, the death of Sonni Ali and Askia Mohammed the empire was ruled by weak leaders and the Moroccans weakened and destroyed the empire.
SeaMonkey

**SeaMonkey** is a free and open source Internet application suite, which uses the Gecko rendering engine.  It works on many operating systems.  It is very useful, and includes an e-mail client, a calendar, a HTML editor, an IRC client, and a web browser. It is made by the SeaMonkey Council, formerly by Mozilla Foundation.

## History 
On March 10, 2005 the Mozilla Foundation said that they will not develop the **Mozilla Application suite**, including the Netscape web browser, because Firefox and Thunderbird were more popular. The SeaMonkey Council renamed the project **SeaMonkey** and continued its development.

## Features 
The web browser of SeaMonkey contains a lot of features used in new web browsers like tabbed browsing, pop-up blocking, e-mail, newsgroups, web editing software, spell checking, and an address book.

Optionally included in the SeaMonkey suite is an IRC chat application.

## Related pages
*List of IRC clients

## References 
## Other websites 
* Seamokey project site
* SeaMonkey Wiki
* SeaMonkey Download
Proceratosaurus

***Proceratosaurus*** was a small dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic, about 165 million years ago. It was found in Gloucestershire, England, in 1910. It was a  carnivorous theropod.

*Proceratosaurus* was first believed to be an early ancestor of *Ceratosaurus*, but it was actually an ancestor of the coelurosaurs. Thus, it was an early ancestor of *Tyrannosaurus* and its relatives in the Upper Cretaceous.

The animal in life was about 3m long and weighed up to 60kg.

## References
Conifer cone

]]
]]

A **confier cone**, or **pine cone**, is an organ on plants in the division Pinophyta (conifers). It is the part of a tree that lets the tree reproduce. Its name in botany is **strobilus**, plural *strobili*.

 cone]]
, are actually modified cones]]
 cone. Yew cones are the most modified of all]]

The familiar woody cone is the female cone, which makes seeds. The male cones, which make pollen, are usually smaller and much less easy to see, even when fully grown. The smaller plates of a cone are known as scales.

The **male cone** (**microstrobilus** or **pollen cone**) is similar across all conifers, differing only in small ways across each species, mostly in scale arrangement. Extending out from a central axis are **microsporophylls** (modified leaves). Under each microsporophyll is one or many **microsporangia** (pollen sacs).

Conifer cones and their seeds have been used for lots of different purposes. They are often used for . Some seeds, such as the seeds of pinyon pines, are used in prepared foods and baking. 

Most mature cones are closed when wet and open when dry. In a few species, it takes fire to open the cones.

## References
Fusion

**Fusion** means to merge or combine. It could also mean:

*Nuclear fusion, in physics
**Fusion power, energy generated by nuclear fusion reactions
*Fusion (student movement), Christian charity that serves students
*Electoral fusion, in politics *fusion* refers to two parties with the same candidate
*Fusion (music), especially Jazz fusion
*Fusion cuisine, combines elements of various traditions of cooking
*A type of car
**Ford Fusion (Americas)
**Ford Fusion (Europe)
The Vision of Escaflowne

***The Vision of Escaflowne*** is a Japanese anime television show that aired in Japan on April 2, 1996. It is called ***Tenkuu no Escaflowne*** in Japanese which means *Escaflowne of the Heavens*. It was made by Sunrise and directed by Kazuki Akane. Escaflowne has 26 episodes.

*Escaflowne* has two mangas based on it, a videogame that was made for Playstation, and a movie.

## Characters 
*Kanzaki Hitomi
*Van Fanel
*Allen Schezar
*Dilandou Albatou
*Folken Fanel
*Merle
*Dornkirk
*Balgus
*Millerna Sarah Aston
*Dryden Fassa
*Naria
*Eriya
*Jajuka
*Susumu Amano
*Uchida Yukari

## Countries and Places
***Gaea**
***Earth (Mystic Moon)**
***Fanelia**
***Asturia**
***Zaibach**
***Freid**
***Atlantis**

## Episode List 
Episode 1 Faiteful Confession

Episode 2 The Girl From the Mystic Moon

Episode 3 A Gallant Swordsman
 
Episode 4 The Diabolical Adonis

Episode 5 Seal of the Brothers

Episode 6 City of Intrigue

Episode 7 Unexpected Partings

Episode 8 The Day the Angel Flew

Episode 9 Memories of a Feather

Episode 10 The Blue Eyed Prince

Episode 11 Prophecy of Death

Episode 12 The Secret Door

Episode 13 Red Destiny

Episode 14 Dangerous Wounds

Episode 15 Paradise Lost

Episode 16 The Guided Ones

Episode 17 The Edge of the World

Episode 18 Gravity of Destiny

Episode 19 Operation: Golden Rule of Love

Episode 20 False Vows

Episode 21 Reaction of Fortune

Episode 22 The Black Winged Angel

Episode 23 Storm Premonition

Episode 24 Fateful Decision

Episode 25 The Zone of Absolute Fortune

Episode 26 Eternal Love

## References
Fir

**Firs** (*Abies*) are about 45-55 species of evergreen trees in the family *Pinaceae*. Fir trees can reach heights of 10–80 m tall and trunk diameters of 0.5–4 m when mature. The difference between firs and other members of the pine family is that their needle-like leaves are attached to the twig by a base that resembles a small suction cup, and by erect, cylindrical female cones 5–25&nbsp;cm long that release the winged seeds. The male cones are normally much smaller and spread through the tree so that the wind can help pollinate the female cones.

Like all members of the pine family, these trees have a sticky sap called resin.

Fir wood is not good to use in buildings because it is not very resistant to insects and decay. It is usually cut or squeezed into thin sheets or pieces and made into plywood or chipboard for indoor or temporary outdoor use. However, fir trees are used widely in gardening. They can be used as shelter trees to protect other plants from wind or grown alone as decorative trees.

## References
Ein

**Ein** or **EIN** can have different meanings:

*Employer Identification Number - a number assigned by the United States Internal Revenue Service to all employers. 

**Ein* means "a" or "one (of something)" in some Germanic languages for nouns with masculine or neuter grammatical gender in the nominative case. The feminine form is "*eine*". Example: in German "" is "A dog" ("" is "an ash" (the tree)). Not to be confused with "''*," which means "(the number) one". 

*Ein also means "a" and "one" in Faroese in the male and female grammatical genders but not in the neuter. Example "".

*Ein is a character in the Anime-series *Cowboy Bebop''.
* Ein is a character in the Anime series Phantom: Requiem from the Phantom
Spike Spiegel

**Spike Spiegel** is the main character from the manga and anime * Cowboy Bebop*. 

Spiegel is a bounty hunter and he pilots the spaceship Bebop. He smokes cigarettes and was born on Mars. His main rival is Vicious, a former partner of Spiegel's in the Red Dragon Syndicate.

In his former life, Spiegel was a member of the triad Red Dragon Syndicate. During his time with them, he fell in love with Julia, Vicious's girlfriend and they tried to leave together. Spiegel ended up faking his own death to escape with her but she went into hiding instead. During the finale, Spike reunites with Julia but she is killed by the Red Dragon Syndicate. Spike faces them and Vicious at their headquarters. Spike fights his way to the top and shoots Vicious before collapsing from gunshot wounds. When asked, *Cowboy Bebop* director Shinichirō Watanabe said that he can't say if Spike actually died or not.

Spike was voiced by Kōichi Yamadera in Japanese and by Steve Blum in English. John Cho played Spike in the Netflix live-action version.

Spike has been well liked by critics with IGN putting him on their Top 25 Greatest Anime List, ranking him #4 in 2009 and #2 in 2014. *Animage* named him Best Male Character at their Anime Grand Prix in both 1998 and 1999.

## References
Punch and Judy

***Punch and Judy*** is a very popular puppet show in Britain. It is traditionally performed at the seaside in a small booth which can easily be transported. The characters are all glove puppets. The story is told by a man who calls himself “The Professor”. He cannot be seen, but he wears the puppets on his hand like gloves and makes them move.

## Characters
Punch wears a jester's motley. He is hunchbacked and his hooked nose almost meets his curved chin. He has a big stick and hits the other characters with his stick, saying "That's the way to do it!". He speaks in a funny way called a *swazzle*. There is also a baby, a crocodile, a policeman and a string of sausages. The simple kind of humour used is called “slapstick”.

## History
The Punch and Judy show has its origins in the 16th century Italian commedia dell'arte. This sort of comedy always had the same people in the stories (“stock characters”). The figure of Punch comes from the stock character of Pulcinella, called *Punchinello* in English. Punch's wife was originally "Joan".

.]]

May 9, 1662 is said by 'Professors' to be Punch's UK birthday, for that was the first known date on which the figure who later became Mr. Punch was seen in Britain. The diarist Samuel Pepys saw a puppet show using an early version of the Punch character near St. Paul's Church in London's Covent Garden.
 
The British show developed into "Punch and Judy". In other countries the stories developed differently.  In Germany, Punch is called "Kasper" and Judy is "Grete". The characters date back to the 18th century in German-speaking countries. In The Netherlands Punch is called *Jan Klaassen* and Judy is *Katrijn*; in Denmark *Mester Jackel*; in Italy *Pulcinella* (with *Teresina* as the female part); in Russia *Petruschka*; in Romania *Vasilache*; and in France *Polichinelle*.

In 1827, *The Tragical Comedy or Comical Tragedy of Punch and Judy* became the first published Punch and Judy script. In 2006, the Punch and Judy show was named one of 12 icons of Englishness by the British government’s Department for Culture, Media and Sport.

## References
Boomerang (TV network)

**Boomerang** is an American cable television network owned by The Cartoon Network, Inc., a sub-division of the Warner Bros. Discovery Networks division of Warner Bros. Discovery. The network primarily broadcasts animated programming from the Warner Bros. Animation library, including Warner Bros. Cartoons and Hanna-Barbera productions among others.

Boomerang debuted in 1992 as a programming block on Cartoon Network dedicated to classic animation. The block eventually spun-off into its own separate network in 2000, and by the late 2000s, began airing more modern and contemporary programming, including reruns of Cartoon Network original series. A 2015 relaunch aimed to promote Boomerang as a "second flagship" brand alongside Cartoon Network, and saw the network produce its own original programming, with a focus on contemporary reboots of franchises such as *Looney Tunes* and *Scooby-Doo*. In 2017, as the cable network lost coverage, Boomerang launched a standalone SVOD over-the-top streaming service, which operated until 2024.

As of November 2023, Boomerang is available to approximately 26 million pay television households in the United States — down from its peak of 47 million households in 2019.

## Programming
## Other websites 
* Official website 
* BoomerangTV.co.uk - Official UK website
* BoomerangTV.de - Official DE website

## References