open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
David Luiz

**David Luiz Moreira Marinho** (born 22 April 1987), known as **David Luiz**, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays for Pafos F.C. in Cypriot First Division and as vice-captain for the Brazil national team.

## Honours
### Team
;Vitória
*Campeonato Baiano (1): 2005

;Benfica
*Primeira Liga (1): 2009–10
*Taça da Liga (3): 2008–09, 2009–10, 2010–11

;Chelsea
*FA Cup (1): 2011–12
* UEFA Champions League (1):2011-12
*UEFA Europa League (1): 2012–13

;Paris Saint-Germain
*Ligue 1: 2014–15, 2015–16
*Coupe de France: 2014&ndash;15
*Coupe de la Ligue: 2014–15

#### International goals
:''Scores and results list Brazil's goal tally first:''

## References
## Other websites
*Chelsea official profile
*Stats and profile at Zerozero 
*Stats at ForaDeJogo 
*PortuGOAL profile 
*
*
*Transfermarkt profile
Jack Wilshere

**Jack Andrew Garry Wilshere** (born 1 January 1992) is an English football coach and former professional player who played as a midfielder. He is the head coach of the Arsenal under-18 team.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
:*England score listed first, score column indicates score after each Wilshere goal*
*FA Cup: 2013–14, 2014–15
*FA Community Shield: 2014
*Football League Cup/EFL Cup runner-up: 2010–11, 2017–18

**Individual**
*BBC Goal of the Season: 2013–14, 2014–15
*PFA Young Player of the Year: 2010–11
*PFA Team of the Year: 2010–11 Premier League

### Manager
**Arsenal**
*FA Youth Cup runner up: 2022–23

## References
## Other websites
*Jack Wilshire Profile Official PFA Profile
*Jack Wilshere profile at Arsenal.com
*
*ESPNsoccernet profile
Ruggero Leoncavallo

**Ruggero Leoncavallo** (April 23, 1857 – August 9, 1919) was an Italian opera composer and librettist. He is best known for his 1892 opera, *I pagliacci*. In 1906, he toured the United States with success. He was born in Naples, and died in Montecatini Terme, Tuscany.
Judy Baar Topinka

**Judy Baar Topinka** (January 16, 1944 &ndash; December 10, 2014) was an American politician. She served as the Illinois Comptroller and Illinois Treasurer, having served as Treasurer from 1995 to 2007, and former chairwoman of the Illinois Republican Party.

## Early life
Topinka was born on January 16, 1944 in Chicago, Illinois.

## Career
She was the first woman to become state treasurer, first to be elected to three consecutive terms and the first Republican to hold the post in more than thirty-two years. During her last term, she was the only elected statewide official from the Republican Party, in Illinois.

In November 2005, Topinka announced her decision to run for Governor of Illinois. In March 2006, she was nominated as the Republican candidate. She was the second woman (after 1994 Democratic nominee Dawn Clark Netsch) and first Republican woman to be nominated for governor of Illinois. She went on to lose the election to Rod Blagojevich.

In 2010, she successfully ran for the office of Illinois State Comptroller and was re-elected in 2014, one month before her death.

## Death
Topinka died in Berwyn, Illinois from a stroke, aged 70.

## References
## Other websites
*State of Illinois Comptroller 
* Official campaign website
Pagliacci

***I pagliacci*** or ***Pagliacci*** () is a short two-act opera with libretto and music by Ruggero Leoncavallo. It was first performed in the Teatro Dal Verme in Milan, Italy on May 21, 1892. It was conducted by Arturo Toscanini. 

The opera is about an adulterous love affair between the wife of a traveling actor and a village man that ends in the murders of both.

The role of Canio became Enrico Caruso's signature role. *Pagliacci* is the only opera by Leoncavallo still performed. It is usually paired with Pietro Mascagni's *Cavalleria rusticana*.
Lisa Madigan

**Lisa Madigan** (born July 30, 1966) was the 41st Attorney General of the US state of Illinois from 2003, when she became the first female attorney general for Illinois, until 2019.

She is a Democrat and the daughter of Michael Madigan, who has been Speaker of the Illinois House of Representatives for most of the last 50 years.

On December 12, 2008, she attracted national attention after filing a motion with the Supreme Court of Illinois to remove Governor Rod Blagojevich from office. The motion was denied by the court without a hearing.

Madigan was born on July 30, 1966 in Chicago, Illinois. She studied at Georgetown University and at Loyola University Chicago School of Law. Madigan has been married to Pat Byrnes.

She was once said by *The New York Times* to be among the seventeen most likely women to become the first female President of the United States.

On July 14, 2013 Madigan, who was widely expected to run, announced she would not run for governor in 2014 because of her father’s decision to stay in his post as speaker of the Illinois House, but that she would run for reelection instead.

## References
## Other websites
*Illinois Attorney General Lisa Madigan  *official government website*
**Biography 
*Lisa Madigan for Attorney General  *official campaign website*
Thematic map

's cholera map about the cholera deaths in London in the 1840s, published 1854]]

A **thematic map** is a kind of map. Different from normal maps, a thematic map is designed to show the distribution of human or natural features or data. The information may or may not be related to geography. For example, a map which shows population is a thematic map.

Thematic maps are called so because they show features relating to a particular theme or aspect of geography.

## Examples 
An early contributor to thematic mapping in England was the English astronomer Edmond Halley (1656–1742). His first important map was a star chart of the constellations of the Southern Hemisphere, published in 1686. In the same year he also published something new, a map of the globe (Earth) in an article about trade winds. This map is sometimes called the first weather map.

## References
Michael Madigan

**Michael J. Madigan** (born April 19, 1942) is an American politician. He was the Speaker of the Illinois House of Representatives and Chairman of the Democratic Party of Illinois. A Democrat, he has held the position of Speaker of the House for all but two years since 1983—those two years being a brief interregnum of Republican majority and is the longest serving Speaker.
He has been a member of the Illinois House  1971-2021, and represented the 22nd district. He was the longest serving Speaker in Illinois and was known for having a rough rivalry with former Illinois Governor Rod Blagojevich.

On January 11, 2021, Madigan announced he would be ending his bid to be elected to a nineteenth term as Speaker of the Illinois House of Representatives.

## Early life
Madigan was born on April 19, 1942 in Chicago, Illinois. He studied at University of Notre Dame and graduated from the Loyola University Chicago School of Law.

## Speaker of the House of Illinois
He has been Speaker of the Illinois House since 1982, with the exception of 1995&ndash;1996 when Republicans took control of the chamber.  Madigan engineered a Democratic comeback and regained his majority at the elections of November 1996, which he continues to defend today. He has feuded with other Democratic leaders since 2002when Democrats took control of all branches of the state governmentmost notably Governor Rod Blagojevich and Senate President Emil Jones.

One of Madigan's chief Democratic deputies in the House was Gary Hannig, who often handles budget issues.

He was the longest-serving leader of any state or federal legislative body in the history of the United States, having held the position for all but two years since 1983.

In January 2021, Madigan refused to run for State House Speaker again following bribery allegations. Madigan operated a property tax consulting enterprise that prosecutors alleged to facilitate a bribery enterprise

On February 18, 2021 Madigan resigned from the state legislature.

## Criminal charges
On March 2, 2022, Madigan was indicted on federal racketeering charges. He was convicted at trial on October 8, 2024, and has appeals of the conviction pending.

On February 12, 2025, Madigan was convicted on ten counts of bribery, wire fraud, and Travel Act violations. However, none of these convictions were related to his alleged racketeering partnership with Michael McClain. He was sentenced to 7½ years in prison and a $2.5 million fine.

## Personal life
Madigan is married to Shirley Madigan. They had one daughter. His daughter is former Illinois Attorney General Lisa Madigan. He lives and represents West Lawn, Chicago.

## References
## Other websites
*Representative Michael J. Madigan (D) 22nd District at the 98th Illinois General Assembly
**Previous sessions: 97th , 96th , 95th , 94th, 93rd
*Chairman Michael J. Madigan  of the Democratic Party of Illinois
Ken Norton

**Kenneth Howard Norton Sr.** (August 9, 1943 – September 18, 2013) was an American heavyweight boxer and WBC world Heavyweight Champion. 

He was best known for his 12-round victory over Muhammad Ali, when he famously broke Ali's jaw, on March 31, 1973, becoming only the second man to defeat a peak Ali as a professional (after Joe Frazier, who won a 15-round unanimous decision against Ali on March 8, 1971).

Norton was born on August 9, 1943 in Jackson, Illinois. He studied at Northeast Missouri State University. Norton had two sons. 

Norton died on September 18, 2013, at a care facility in Las Vegas, Nevada from heart failure. He was 70 years old and had suffered a series of strokes in later life.

## References
## Other websites
*
*Ken Norton's Biography at BoxRec Boxing Encyclopedia
*Ken Norton Gallery from BoxRec Boxing Encyclopedia
*International Boxing Hall of Fame's page about Ken Norton
*Marine Corps Community Services: Marine Corps Sports Hall of Fame's article about Ken Norton
American Airlines Flight 191

**American Airlines Flight 191** was a scheduled commercial flight from O'Hare International Airport in Chicago to Los Angeles International Airport. The aircraft used was a McDonnell Douglas DC-10-10. On May 25, 1979, the aircraft crashed into an open field in Des Plaines, Illinois. All 271 people (258 passengers and 13 crew) on the flight were killed. Two people on the ground were killed and five others were hurt. The crash was caused by the loss of one of the engines, which caused damage to the left wing.

## Accident 
The plane, which just arrived from Phoenix, was assigned to fly Flight 191 from Chicago to Los Angeles. At 2.59pm (local time GMT-6), the plane began its taxi to Runway 32R, and at 3.02pm was cleared to takeoff. However, as First Officer Dillard began to rotate, the number one engine broke off from its pylon on the left wing. With the remaining length of the runway, stopping the plane would be impossible, so the pilots continued with the takeoff, knowing that two engines are enough to fly a DC-10, but not knowing that the engine had completely separated from the aircraft..

Shortly after the engine broke off, the plane began a stabilized, steep climb to 300&nbsp;ft. The left wing's leading edge slats then retracted, raising that wing's stall speed from 124 knots to 159 knots. The DC-10, travelling at V2 speed (153 knots) then uncontrollably began to roll to the left, as the pilots tried to control the aircraft. The plane reached a maximum bank angle value of 112 degrees left as the nose dropped through 20 degrees below the horizon, and the airplane crashed into an open field in front of an aircraft hangar near a trailer park 4,680 feet northwest from the end of the departure runway, with the left wing hitting the ground first. 

All 258 passengers and 13 crew members aboard died plus 2 people on the ground. This became the worst ever plane crash in the United States, not counting the September 11 attacks which were crashed by hijackers and had more ground fatalities than those passengers killed in the planes.

## References
## Other websites
* "Public Lessons Learned from Accidents – American Airlines Flight 191" (archive)
* PlaneCrashInfo.Com – American Airlines Flight 191
* Flight 191 Remembered (Fox Chicago website, archive)
Beorhtric of Wessex

**Beorhtric** (also **Brihtric**; meaning 'Magnificent ruler') (died 802) was the King of Wessex from 786 to 802. He ruled Wessex as a figurehead king. His wife and father-in-law exercised most of the power. 

## King of Wessex 
The names of his parents and his ancestry are unknown. In 786, Cynewulf, king of Wessex, was killed by Cyneheard, brother of the former King Sigeberht. Either with help of Offa of Mercia or quickly coming under his influence, Beorhtric became King of Wessex. In 787, he held the Synod of Chelsea jointly with Offa. In 789 he married Eadburh, Offa's daughter. In style they are very similar to coins struck by Offa. They were probably minted at Southampton after Offa's death. But she was the reason Wessex would not have another queen for several generations. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that Beorhtric was buried at Wareham in 802. He left no heirs.

## Notes 
## References
## Other websites 
* Britannia: Kings of Wessex
Michael Giannatos

**Michael** or **Mihalis Giannatos** (1941 &ndash; 17 September 2013), alternatively spelled as **Yannatos** (), was a Greek actοr. 

Giannatos was born in Istanbul, Turkey in 1941. He left the city for Greece in 1964 during the long eviction period of Greeks. He was married to Chaido Giannatos. Giannatos died on 17 September 2013 from a heart attack in his Athens, Greece home, aged 72.

## References
## Other websites
*Actor entry at IMDB
*Actor entry at ishow.gr (mostly in Greek but also some in English)
Eiji Toyoda

was a Japanese industrialist. He was largely responsible for bringing Toyota Motor Corporation to profitability and worldwide prominence during his tenure as president and later, as chairman.

Toyoda was born on 12 September 1913 in Nagoya, Japan. He studied at Tokyo Imperial University. Toyoda was married to Kazuko Toyoda until her death in 2002. They had three children. Toyoda died on 17 September 2013 in Toyota, Aichi from natural causes, aged 100.

## References
## Other websites
*
Erich Loest

**Erich Loest** (24 February 1926 – 12 September 2013) was a German writer. He also wrote under the pseudonyms **Hans Walldorf**, **Bernd Diksen**, and **Waldemar Naß**. From 1965 to 1975, he wrote eleven novels and 30 short stories, some under pseudonyms. In 1979 he was ostracized from East Germany and did not return until after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1990. In his later years, Loest became seriously ill and announced at an Academy of Arts ceremony in 2010 that he did not have the strength to write another novel. On the morning of 12 September 2013, he committed suicide by falling from a second-floor hospital window in Leipzig, Saxony. He was 87 years old.

## References
## Other websites
*
Giovanni Battista Tiepolo

**Giovanni Battista Tiepolo** (March 5, 1696 – March 27, 1770) was an Italian decorative painter of the Baroque. He was born in Venice and died in Madrid. He had nine children upon his wife Maria Cecilia Guardi. Two of his three sons became his assistants; the third became a priest. He worked churches and palaces in Italy, Germany, and Spain.

## Related pages
* List of Italian painters
Elegy for Brahms

**Elegy for Brahms** is a short orchestral work. It was written by Hubert Parry in 1897. It is in the key of A minor, and is marked *Maestoso espressivo - Largamente - Tempo primo*. The work quotes Brahms's music in several places. 

It was first performed after Parry's death in October 1918 at a memorial concert for him at the Royal College of Music on 8 November 1918. It received its second performance in 1977. It has been recorded by Sir Adrian Boult and Matthias Bamert.
Das Lied von der Erde

***Das Lied von der Erde*** is a piece of music and symphonic song cycle. It was written by Gustav Mahler in 1908-1909 as a symphony with sonata form. It is a large work of six separate songs for two voices and orchestra. It is based on Hans Bethge's *The Chinese Flute*, an anthology of ancient Chinese poetry. It was first performed on November 20, 1911 in Munich by Bruno Walter.
Evaporating dish

An **evaporating dish** is used to evaporate solutions - that is, to turn them from a liquid state into a gaseous (gas) state. They are often made from ceramics.

## References
Marcel Reich-Ranicki

**Marcel Reich-Ranicki** (2 June 1920 – 18 September 2013) was a Polish-German literary critic and member of the literary group Gruppe 47. He was regarded as one of the most influential contemporary literary critics in the field of German literature and has often been called *Literaturpapst* ("Pope of Literature") in Germany.

Reich-Ranicki was born on 2 June 1920 in Włocławek, Poland. He was raised in Berlin, Germany. Reich-Ranicki was married to Teofila Reich-Ranicki from 1942 until her death in 2011. They had no children. Reich-Ranicki died on 18 September 2013 in Frankfurt, having previously been diagnosed with prostate cancer.

## References
## Other websites
*Reich-Ranicki.com  
*Marcel Reich-Ranicki on literaturkritik.de
Cynewulf of Wessex

**Cynewulf** (died 786) was a West Saxon nobleman, a member of the West Saxon witan, and was King of Wessex from 757 until his death in 786.

## Career 
Cynewulf was a member of the West Saxon witan. He led that council in expelling Sigeberht. Cynewulf was elected by the witan to rule Wessex in place of Sigeberht. He attested a charter at the court of King Æthelbald of Mercia. The charter was for Cynewulf to grant land to an abbot in Wiltshire. This indicates Wessex was still a dependency of Mercia. Æthelbald died a few months later.  and Offa then retook Berkshire, and perhaps also London. Despite this defeat, there is no evidence to suggest Cynewulf became subject to Offa (as his successor, Beorhtric was). Cynewulf had a long reign of twenty-nine years.

## Notes 
## References 
## Other websites 
* Cynewulf and Cyneheard , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
* Britannia: Kings of Wessex
Mengjiang United Autonomous Government

The **Mengjiang United Autonomous Government** () was a puppet state of the Japanese Empire. It was located in Inner Mongolia, and its capital was Kalgan.

It existed from 1939 to 1945. Its ruler was Demchugdongrub.

## References
Andrea Palladio

**Andrea Palladio** (November 30, 1508 – August 19, 1580) was an Italian architect. He was born in Padua and died at Maser, near Treviso. He worked in and around Venice. He was influenced by Greek and Roman architecture. He influenced architects for centuries.

He wrote several books about architecture. His most famous buildings are: Villa Barbaro, Villa Capra "La Rotonda", Basilica Palladiana, Church of San Giorgio Maggiore, Il Redentore, and Teatro Olimpico.

Monument to Andrea Palladio (Vicenza).jpg|Andrea Palladio
Basilica Palladiana (Vicenza) - facade on Piazza dei signori.jpg|Basilica Palladiana
Palazzo del Capitanio (Vicenza).jpg|Palazzo del Capitanio
Palazzo Chiericati (Vicenza).jpg| Palazzo Chiericati
Interior of Teatro Olimpico (Vicenza) scena .jpg|Teatro Olimpico
Basilica di San Giorgio Maggiore (Venice).jpg|San Giorgio Maggiore
Sigeberht of Wessex

**Sigeberht** (died ) was a West Saxon nobleman and atheling. He was King of Wessex from 756 to 757.

## King of Wessex 
Sigeberht was a West Saxon atheling (prince) who in 756 succeeded Cuthred as King of Wessex. in 756. After ruling a year he was accused of unlawful acts and removed from power by the witan. This council was led by Cynewulf. This same council then elected Cynewulf to replace Sigeberht as king.

This series of events formed the basis for the story of Cynewulf and Cyneheard. Thirty years later Cynewulf was killed by Cyneheard, the brother of Sigeberht.

## Notes 
## References 
## Other websites 
* Cynewulf and Cyneheard , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
* Britannia: Kings of Wessex
The Amazing Spider-Man 2

***The Amazing Spider-Man 2*** is a 2014 superhero-action movie directed by Marc Webb based on the Marvel Comics character Spider-Man. It is the sequel to the 2012 movie *The Amazing Spider-Man*. Andrew Garfield, Emma Stone, Jamie Foxx, Dane DeHaan, Paul Giamatti, Martin Sheen, Denis Leary, Colm Feore, Chris Cooper, Sally Field, Chris Zylka, Marton Csokas, and Felicity Jones are in the cast. Shailene Woodley played Mary-Jane Watson in deleted scenes.

Hans Zimmer composed the music for the movie. Spider-Man co-creator Stan Lee once again had a cameo appearance as a graduation guest. It was released in theaters on May 2, 2014. The movie is 141 minutes long. and it's Rated PG-13.

## Plot
Confident in his powers as Spider-Man, Peter Parker (Andrew Garfield) embraces his new role as a hero and spends time with Gwen Stacy (Emma Stone) in between protecting New York from criminals. However, his greatest battle yet is about to begin. With the emergence of Electro (Jamie Foxx), Peter must confront an enemy far more powerful than he is. And when his old friend Harry Osborn (Dane DeHaan) returns, Peter comes to realize that all his enemies have one thing in common: Oscorp.

## References
## Other websites
*
Cuthred of Wessex

**Cuthred** (died )  was a West Saxon nobleman and atheling. He was King of Wessex from 740 to 756.  Cuthred succeeded in restoring much of the prestige of Wessex.

## King of Wessex 
At the death of King Athelheard, his kinsman Cuthred became king. During the time of Athelheard much of Wessex had been lost to King Aethelbald of Mercia. Cuthred made it known he was not as weak a ruler as Athelheard and struggled against Aethelbald being his overlord. By all appearances this was a friendly alliance between the two kings. But the friendship soon ended. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the rebellion was encouraged by the Mercian king.

Two years later in 750 Cuthred put down another rebellion by Athelhun, one of his ealdormen. In the day-long battle, Athelhun had fewer men but was winning until he was severely wounded. In 752, Cuthred again tried to get free of King Aethelbald. This led to a battle at Burford where Cuthred, assisted by a now faithful Athelhun, met Aethelbald and his army. The battle ended up with Aethelbald fleeing the battlefield. From that time on Cuthred maintained independence from Mercia for the rest of his reign. Cuthred died in 756. But he left a much stronger Wessex free of Mercian rule. He was succeeded by Sigeberht.

## Family 
The name of Cuthred's wife is unknown. His son:

* Cynric was killed in 746.

## Notes 
## References
## Other websites 
* Britannia: Kings of Wessex
Joplin tornado

The **2011 Joplin tornado** was a windy and dangerous EF5 tornado that hit Joplin, Missouri on the afternoon of May 22, 2011. It had winds of over 200 miles per hour. It killed 158 people and hurt 1,150 others. It was the third tornado to hit Joplin since May 1971.

## References
## Other websites
*Time-lapse of the May 22 tornado outbreak
*Radar loop of the Joplin tornado
*NOAA's Aerial Survey of Joplin, Missouri 
*Slideshow of damage from the tornado
Alex (footballer, born January 1982)

**Alex Henrique da Silva**, better known as **Alex** (; born 6 January 1982), is an Armenian-Brazilian football player. He played as a defender for the club Mika Yerevan in the Armenian Premier League. He also played for the Armenian national team.

## Club career
Alex Henrique da Silva started playing football for Botafogo-SP in 2011. This is his hometown's club. In 2005, he moved to São Carlos. After getting an Armenian passport, Alex moved to Armenia in the next season. He joined Mika Yerevan. Alex, with Mika, won the Armenian Cup in 2011 and the Armenian Supercup in 2012–13.

## International career
He became a member of the Armenian national team in 2012. Alex played in two 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification matches that year. The matches were against Malta and Bulgaria.

## Statistics
### Club
### International
*Statistics accurate as of match played 31 May 2014*

## Honours
### Club
 **Mika Yerevan**
*Armenian Premier League Runner-up (2): 2009, 2012–13
*Armenian Cup (1): 2011
*Armenian Supercup (1): 2012–13

## References
## Other websites
*FootballDatabase.eu
*Transfermarkt.co
*Soccerway.com
Enrico Caruso

**Enrico Caruso** (February 25, 1873 – August 2, 1921) was an Italian operic tenor. He was born and died in Naples. He sang at La Scala and the Metropolitan Opera House. In 1987, he received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.
## References
Tsubasa Imai

is a Japanese singer, actor and dancer. 

Imai works for the Japanese agency Johnny & Associates. He joined Johnny & Associates in 1995. He officially debuted in 2002 in the duo Tackey & Tsubasa with Hideaki Takizawa. They are signed under the record label Avex Trax.

Imai released his solo debut single "Backborn" on 24 February 2010.

## Filmography
* *Mokuyou no kaidan* (1995)
* *Brothers (ブラザーズ)* (1998)
* *Summer Snow* (2000)
* *Never Land* (2001)
* *Saigo no Bengonin* (The Last Lawyer) (2003)
* *Yoshitsune* (2005)
* *Haru to Natsu* (2005)

## References
## Other websites
* Tackey & Tsubasa official webite
Hideaki Takizawa

is a Japanese actor and musician. 

He is a member of the J-pop duo Tackey & Tsubasa from Tokyo. In 2012 he reached the age of 20 and completed his graduation from Johnny's Junior. In the same year he debuted with Tsubasa Imai in the group *Tackey & Tsubasa* under the record label Avex Trax.

## Dramas 
* *Ai Love Jr.* variety show
* *Mokuyou no Kaidan Kaiki Curabu ~ Shogakusei Hen ~* (1995)
* *Mokuyou no Kaidan Kaiki Curabu ~ Chuugakusei Hen ~* (1995)
* *The Chef* (1995)
* *Shin Mokuyou no Kaidan ~ Gakko no Nanafushigi Hen ~* (1996)
* *Dareka ga Dareka ni Koishiteru [Drama SP]* (1996)
* *Mokuyou no Kaidan: Time keepers* (1997)
* *News no Onna* (1998)
* *Kokoro No Tobira* (1998)
* *Majou no Jōken* (1999)
* *Genroku Ryoran* (1999)
* *Taiyou wa Shizumanai* (2000)
* *Antique* (based on manga, *Antique Bakery*) (2001)
* *Strawberry on the Shortcake* (2001)
* *Taiyō no Kisetsu (2002)|Taiyō no Kisetsu* (2002)
* *Boku Dake no Madonna* (2003)
* ''My Father's Ocean, My Sky* (Chichi no Umi, Boku no Sora) (2004)
* *Yoshitsune* (2005–2006)
* *Satomi Hakkenden" (2006)
* *Kimi ga Kureta Natsu* (2007)
* *Romeo and Juliet* (2007)
* *Yukinojo Henge* (2008)
* *Kokuchisezu* (2008)
* *Orthros no Inu* (2010)*
* *Akutou (2012)*
* *Mayonaka no Panya San (2013)''

## Songs written by Takki 
* Words of Love
* Everlasting Love
* 894 … Hakushi
* Madonna (for DreamBoy musical in 2004)
* Futari no Yoru
* My Angel, You are Angel (for KAT-TUN; released in Cartoon KAT-TUN II You album 2007)
* Fight All Night (for KAT-TUN; for DreamBoy musical in 2004; released in Cartoon KAT-TUN II You album 2007)
* Da.ke.do
* Jūnigatsu no Hana
* With Love
* Ai. Kakumei
* Mugen no Hane

## References
## Other websites
* Tackey & Tsubasa official webite
Pietro Mascagni

**Pietro Antonio Stefano Mascagni** (December 7, 1863 – August 2, 1945) was an Italian composer. He was born in Livorno, Tuscany and died in Rome. In 1890, he wrote the one-act opera, *Cavalleria rusticana*. This famous opera is often paired with Ruggero Leoncavallo's *I pagliacci*. Mascagni also wrote *Iris*, ''L'amico Fritz'', and other operas. He married Lina Carbognani in 1889. They had two sons and one daughter.
Combat Zone Wrestling

**Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW)** is an independent professional wrestling company founded in 1999 by John Zandig. The company is headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. They are known for their hardcore wrestling style which is dubbed as "ultraviolence". The company holds an annual Tournament of Death show that highlights the ultraviolent style of CZW and their annual Best of the Best highlights the technical and aerial style of professional wrestling. They hold annual shows at the Asylum Arena which was the former home to Extreme Championship Wrestling.

## Champions
### Current championships
### Former championships
## References
## Other websites
*Official CZW website
Enough Said (movie)

***Enough Said*** is a 2013 American comedy movie directed and written by Nicole Holofcener. It is a romantic comedy with Julia Louis-Dreyfus, James Gandolfini (in one of his final film roles), Toni Collette, Catherine Keener, Ben Falcone, and Toby Huss. The movie was released to very positive reviews on September 18, 2013.

## Other websites 
* 
*  at Fox Searchlight
* 
* 
* 
*
Jean de Venette

shown here in a miniature (illuminated manuscript)]]
**Jean de Venette** (circa 1307 – after 1360) was born in Venette, France. He was a chronicler of the Hundred Years' War. He also recorded the events of the Black Plague, the revolt of the  Jacquerie, and other historical events that occurred in his lifetime.  Venette studied at the University of Paris. He became a Carmelite friar and shared his knowledge with his fellow monks.  Jean de Venette realized the importance of education and taught many monks how to read and write.  He also wrote a history of the Order of the Carmelites.

Jean de Venette became the Prior of the Carmelite monastery in Paris from 1339 to 1342, and was the Provincial Superior of France from 1341 to 1366. This later title made him the head of all of the Carmelite monasteries in the Province.

About 1340, he began to write down historical events happening around him.  He said he recorded them   "...in great measure as I have seen and heard them". He describes a great famine that he witnessed at age seven or eight years old.  He states it started on the 15th day of March in 1315 and lasted more than two years and ended in 1318."

In that same year of 1340 he describes a great comet that appeared in Gaul. He believed, as did many people in his time, that these events were warnings from God of bad things that would happen.

In 1346 he announces that "King Edward of England set sail for Normandy with a great many armed men". 

In 1348, de Venette described the Black Plague and how brave the nuns were that cared for the people. Also how many of them died as a result of their dedication.

He wrote of battles between England and France during the Hundred Years' War where he was so close, "the arrows darkened the sky around him”.  Some of these battles he described were the siege of Calais in 1347 and the Battle of Poitiers (1356) where the French King and his son were captured.  He gives an account of what happened after Poitiers where he states that there seem to be no rule in the kingdom.  He wrote that "thieves and robbers rose up everywhere in the land and the Nobles also robbed and pillaged the peasants and took no thought for the people but rather for their own profit".

He states that in 1356, he witnessed the people of Paris building walls around their city because they did not trust the Nobles to protect them.  De Venette goes into great detail, stating that the "citizens placed iron chains across the streets and crossways of Paris".  They also built new walls, dug great ditches and tore down houses near the walls whether they were new or old.

Jean de Venette's writings are considered very important because he was an eye witness to many historical events.  His writings are detailed and vivid.  Many of the other well-known chroniclers wrote about events much later then they actually happened and relied upon one-sided accounts.  They were often commissioned by Kings and Nobles who wanted their particular point of view to be stressed.

Jean de Venette died after 1360.

## References
David Wright (baseball)

**David Wright** is an American professional baseball player. He plays on the New York Mets of Major League Baseball. He plays third base. He wears number 5.

Wright was born on December 20, 1982 in Norfolk, Virginia. He was drafted by the Mets in the 2001 draft. He started playing in the minor leagues later that year.

Wright first played for the Mets in July 2004. Since that time, he has been the Mets regular third basemen. He has been in 7 all-star games. Wright was chosen as captain of the Mets in 2013

## Other websites
* David Wright MLB Blog
* David Wright at the Ultimate Mets Database 
* Yahoo MLB Profile
*
Installation art

**Installation art** is a style of visual art that uses three-dimensional objects. These artworks are usually meant to change the perception of a space (the way a space is seen). Installation artworks can be permanent or temporary and are shown in museums, galleries or in public spaces.

Some of the earliest installation artworks were Marcel Duchamp's *readymade* objects. However, the real development started in the 1970s. Today, with the improvement of technology, artists use and mix new medias and may involve sensors too in order to make the visitors interact with the installations.

## Gallery
## Bibliography
* Bishop, Claire. Installation Art a Critical History. London: Tate, 2005.
* Coulter-Smith, Graham. Deconstructing Installation Art. Online resource
* “Installation.” Oxford English Dictionary. 2006. Oxford English Dictionary Online. 30 January 2006 http://dictionary.oed.com/ .
* “Install, v.” *Oxford English Dictionary*. 2006. Oxford English Dictionary Online. 30 January 2006 http://dictionary.oed.com/ .
* Reiss, Julie H. *From Margin to Center: The Spaces of Installation Art*. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001. 
* Rosenthal, Mark. *Understanding Installation Art: From Duchamp to Holzer*. Munich: Prestel Verlag, 2003. 
* Suderburg, Erika. Space, Site, Intervention: Situating Installation Art. Minneapolis London: University of Minnesota Press, 2000. 
* Ferriani, Barbara. *Ephemeral Monuments: History and Conservation of Installation Art*. Los Angeles: Getty Publications, 2013.
Arthus reaction

In immunology, the **Arthus reaction** is a kind of local allergic reaction, when antibodies react to a chemical or protein in a person's blood, and have the antibodies get stuck in the walls of blood vessels in organs such as the heart, in joints, and kidneys.

## History
The Arthus reaction was discovered by Nicolas Maurice Arthus in 1903. Arthus repeatedly injected ingredients of horse blood under the skin of rabbits. After four injections, he found that there was swelling and that the mixture was absorbed slowly.  Further injections eventually led to dying of cells.

Arthus reactions have been infrequently reported after diphtheria and tetanus toxoid vaccinations. They are rare and can cause pain, swelling, bleeding, and occasionally death of tissue within 4–12 hours after the vaccine is given.

## Related pages
* Serum sickness

## References
WataMote

commonly called , is a manga series written by Nico Tanigawa. It was made into an anime series which is directed by Shin Ōnuma.

## Plot
The series follows fifteen-year-old Tomoko Kuroki during her time in high school as she tries to change from an unsociable loner into a popular teenager.

## Anime
The anime started broadcasting in Japan on July 8, 2013 and ended on September 23, 2013. The anime was directed by Shin Ōnuma and is written by Takao Yoshioka. An original video animation episode was released with the seventh manga volume on October 22, 2014.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website  (manga) 
*Official website  (anime)
Joakim Nordström

**Joakim Nordström** (born February 25, 1992) is a Swedish professional ice hockey centre. He is currently playing for HC Davos of the NL.

He has also played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Chicago Blackhawks, Carolina Hurricanes, Boston Bruins, and Calgary Flames, the Elitserien (SEL) for AIK IF, and in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) for CSKA Moscow.

## Career
He debuted in the SEL on 23 September 2010 in a game against Södertälje SK. He was drafted 90th overall by the Chicago Blackhawks in the 2010 NHL Entry Draft. On January 5, 2012, he won the gold medal with Sweden during the 2012 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships.

On May 29, 2012, he was signed a three-year, entry-level contract with the Blackhawks but remained with AIK for the 2012–13 season.

On March 13, 2015, Nordström was suspended for two games for boarding after hitting Arizona Coyotes defenseman Oliver Ekman-Larsson.

On June 15, 2015, he won the Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks after they defeated the Tampa Bay Lightning in six games.

On September 11, 2015, Nordström was traded along with Kris Versteeg to the Carolina Hurricanes in exchange for a 3rd round draft pick in the 2017 NHL entry draft. Nordström and Versteeg were traded because the Blackhawks had to make cap space for Marcus Kruger.

## References
## Other websites 
*
*
Vampire Weekend

**Vampire Weekend** is an indie rock band. They have released three albums.

## Albums 
Their 2011 album *Contra* was nominated for Best Alternative Music Album at the Grammy Awards. 

Their third studio album, *Modern Vampires of the City*, was released on May 14, 2013. Like *Contra*, it was nominated for a Grammy for Best Alternative Music Album. Pitchfork gave the album a score of 9.3 out of 10. Rolling Stone put it at number one on their list of 50 Best Albums of 2013.

## Members
*Ezra Koenig – lead vocals, guitar, lyrics
*Rostam Batmanglij – producer, keyboards, guitar, backing and lead vocals, lyrics
*Chris Tomson – drums, percussion
*Chris Baio – bass guitar, backing vocals

## References
Draco (lawgiver)

Draco (7th century BC), also known as Dracon was the first legislator of the city of Athens in Ancient Greece. He wrote laws that were to be enforced only by a court. This constitution replaced the system of oral law and blood feuding that had ruled Athens since the city was founded. Draco's laws were known for being harsh. The word **draconian** has come to mean unforgiving rules or laws.

Draco created this legal system during the 39th Olympiad, in about 622 or 621 BC. The laws ( - *thesmoi*) he set formed the first written constitution of Athens. They were displayed in public, so that nobody would be unaware of them. The death penalty was the punishment for most crimes, even minor ones. Plutarch states: "It was a lot for himself, when asked why he had fixed the punishment of death for most offences, answered that he considered these lesser crimes to deserve it, and he had no greater punishment for more important ones."

Not much is known about Draco's life or who he was. The 10th-century Suda text tells a legendary story of his death. He was said to have died on the stage of the theatre in Aegina. In a traditional ancient Greek show of approval, his supporters threw so many hats and pieces of clothing onto his head that he suffocated.

All of Draco's laws, except the law concerning murder, were abolished by Solon in the early 6th century BC.

## Related pages 
* Athenian democracy

## References
Athelheard of Wessex

**Athelheard**, also spelled **Æthelheard** (died 740), was a West Saxon nobleman and atheling. He was the King of Wessex from 726 until his death. He took the powerful kingdom of Wessex left to him by his father, Ine and gained a bit more from Mercia. He was seen as one of Wessex’s most powerful kings.

In 740, he died probably due to food poisoning & was succeeded by his son, Cuthred.

## King of Wessex 
When Ine stepped down as King of Wessex it caused a problem of succession. Ine's son had been killed rebelling against Ine a year earlier. Ine was now in his sixties and retired to Rome. Oswald was descended from Ceawlin. The same entry calls Athelheard kinsman to Ine.

In 733 Somerton was lost to King Aethelbald of Mercia. This was quickly followed by the territory beyond Selwood being lost to Mercia. Athelheard died in 740, his successor was his kinsman Cuthred.

## Family 
He married Frithugyth. They had no known children.

## Notes 
## References
## Other websites 
* Britannia: Kings of Wessex
Draco

**Draco** can mean several things:

* Draco, the Latin word for dragon
* Draco (constellation)
* *Draco* (genus), a genus of lizards
* Draco (lawgiver), the first lawmaker of ancient Athens
* Draco GNU/Linux, a Linux distribution
* Draco Malfoy, a character in the *Harry Potter* series of books and movies
* Draco, a warlord character in the television series *Xena: Warrior Princess*
Peasants' Revolt

The '''Peasants' Revolt''' was a rebellion of peasants in England, in 1381. It was the biggest rebellion of farmers in medieval England.

The Peasants' Revolt is also called '''Wat Tyler's Rebellion**, after Wat Tyler, who was a local leader of the peasants in the rebellion.  It has also been called the **Great Rising'''.

The causes of the rebellion are unclear today, but there are different candidates:
*There was a large epidemic of the Black Death, which lasted from 1347 to 1353. This reduced the number of workers and caused economic problems.
*To finance Hundred Years' War, the English crown raised taxes several times within a short period of time.
*The central government in London was weak at the time.

## Life of peasants 
There were two types of peasants: serfs and free peasants.

Serfs were tenant farmers who worked without pay for a lord.  In exchange, they got permission to live on the lord's land.  They also got protection from the knights living on the lord's manor.  Under feudalism, serfs had many difficulties.  They barely had enough food to live on, and they had few possessions.  They were not slaves, but they were not completely free.  Serfs had less than any of the other social classes in medieval society.

Though they had more freedoms than serfs, life was also difficult for free peasants.  Even though they were "free," they were still controlled by the higher social classes.  They had to pay rent to live "free."  They had to pay for many other things too, like collecting water or getting married.

Most peasants lived in houses which also housed the animals of the village.

## Timeline 
* May 30th: The peasants of Essex chase Thomas Bampton out of Fobbing.
* June 1st: The revolt spreads through Essex, Hertfordshire, and Suffolk.
* June 7th: Maidstone and Rochester castles surrender to the revolt.
* June 10th: A new leader, Wat Tyler, appears. The rebels of Kent and Essex march on London to explain their grievances.  However, Wat Tyler has a different plan: to attack London. King Richard II of England is completely surprised, and only has a few hundred troops in London.
* June 13th: The peasants kill many lawyers under the command of Wat Tyler. Most of London is not destroyed. King Richard agrees to meet the rebels at Mile End.
* June 14th: Richard meets with Tyler, and Tyler gives him the peasants’ demands. The king agrees to all of these demands. Meanwhile, a group of peasants goes to the Tower of London and beheads some of their worst enemies. These include Simon Sudbury, Robert Hailes, and John Legge.
* June 15th: Wat Tyler wants to meet with the king again to make more demands.  When they meet, Tyler is killed.  It is not clear what happened to cause Tyler's death.  King Richard orders his troops to destroy the rebels; they kill over a thousand.

Fifty years later, most of Wat Tyler's demands were put into place by the king.

## References
Leas Cliff Hall

**Leas Cliff Hall** is an entertainment and function venue in Folkestone, on the Kent coast of England.

## History
The Leas Shelter was built in 1894. In 1924, it was decided that a larger hall was needed. 28 months later, the building was finished. It was opened on 13 July 1927 by Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester.

The opening concert was performed by the Folkestone Municipal Orchestra. One thousand people attended.
It was closed for modernisation and refurbishment on 16 September 1980. It re-opened on 6 May 1981 in the form that it is today.
Dirty rap

**Dirty rap** (also called **porn rap** or **dirty hip hop**) is a type of music that mixes rap with sexual content. Some notable artists include 2 Live Crew, Megan Thee Stallion, Cardi B, Sexyy Red, GloRilla,  City Girls, Nicki Minaj, Plies, Lil Wayne, Lil' Kim, Ludacris and The Notorious B.I.G..
Blurred Lines (song)

"**Blurred Lines**" is an R&B song by Robin Thicke. It has vocals by Pharrell and T.I. and was produced by Pharrell. It was released on March 26, 2013. It was the lead single from his album *Blurred Lines*. It has reached number one in 14 countries. It became Thicke's most successful song, being his first to reach number one on the Hot 100.

"Blurred Lines" sold more than any other single in 2013. It sold over 1.44 million copies.

Two versions of the music video were made. The first version of the video was removed from YouTube for showing topless models Emily Ratajkowski, Elle Evans, and Jessi M'Bengue.  In the second version the models are not topless. Several parodies were made. On November 12, the English pop singer Lily Allen released the video for her single "Hard Out Here". It featured Mylar balloons spelling out "Lily Allen has a baggy pussy", spoofing the balloons in Thicke's video saying "Robin Thicke has a big dick".

Thicke wanted the song to sound like Got to Give It Up by Marvin Gaye. Members of Gaye's family have accused Thicke, T.I. and Pharrell of illegal copying. Thicke offered the family a six-figure sum of money to end the lawsuit but they did not accept it.

The song was banned by twenty UK universities. Essex University students started a petition to have the song banned there too. Alice Smart, a Leeds Student Union officer, said, “I’m proud that we’ve taken the decision to stop playing ‘Blurred Lines’ in our bars and clubs because the song undermines real and dangerous issues around consent. Just because the song has been commercially successful doesn’t mean we have to play it knowing that it offends a high proportion of our students.” Thicke responded on *The Today Show* to feminist criticism of the song by saying, "If you listen to the lyrics it says 'That man is not your maker.' It's actually a feminist movement in itself". He also said in an interview with the BBC that criticism of the lyrics by a rape charity is 'ridiculous'.

Thicke has said that he would like to do another song with T.I. and Pharrell.

On December 26, 2013, Rob Sheffield wrote for *Rolling Stone* that "Blurred Lines" was the worst song not just of the year, but of any year.

In December 2013, "Blurred Lines" was nominated for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance and Record of the Year at the Grammy Awards.

The video for "Blurred Lines" was the seventh most watched video on VEVO in 2013.

## References
Food photography

against a white background]]

**Food photography** is art made by taking photos of food. These photos are sometimes used for menus in restaurants, but they can also be used for advertising, or in a cookbook. System catering also needs images of their food. There are a number of techniques that are used when taking pictures of food, for example, when taking pictures of soft drinks, fake ice cubes are put in the drink instead of real ones, because real ice cubes would melt quickly.