open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Norman Lear

**Norman Milton Lear** (July 27, 1922 – December 5, 2023) was an American television writer and producer. He produced 1970s sitcoms including *All in the Family*, ''Archie Bunker's Place*, *Sanford and Son*, *One Day at a Time*, *The Jeffersons*, *Good Times*, and *Maude*.

Lear won many awards, including six Primetime Emmy Awards, two Peabody Awards, the National Medal of Arts in 1999, the Kennedy Center Honors in 2017, and an honorary Golden Globe Award in 2021. He was a member of the Television Academy Hall of Fame.

Lear was known for his political activism and supporting liberal and progressive causes and politicians. In 1980, he founded the organization People for the American Way to push against the influence of the Christian right in politics. 

In 2001, Lear and his wife, Lyn, purchased one of the first published copies of the United States Declaration of Independence for $8.1 million. Lear said he went on a tour with the document around the United States so that the country could experience its "birth certificate" firsthand.

Lear was born on July 27, 1922 in New Haven, Connecticut to a Jewish family. He studied at Emerson College. Lear was married to Charlotte Rosen until they divorced. Then he was married to Frances Loeb from 1956 until they divorced in 1986. He was married to Lyn Davis from 1987 until his death.

In 2014, Lear published a memoir titled *Even This I Get to Experience*.

Lear died in his Los Angeles, California home on December 5, 2023, aged 101. The cause of death was cardiac arrest caused by heart failure.

## References
## Other websites
*
*The Official Norman Lear Website
*Biography of Norman Lear at the Museum of Broadcast Communications website 
*2005 interview with Norman Lear 
*2006 story on Lear and *All in the Family'' that describes Lear's interests and his life in Vermont 
*Independence Road Trip 
*463rd Bombardment Group Historical Society
*NNDB.com Profile
*Norman Lear Archive of American Television interview
*Born Again American website
381

## Events 
* Roman Emperor Gratian moves the capital to *Mediolanum* (modern Milan).
* The Visigothic chieftain Athanaric becomes the first foreign king to visit the East Roman capital of Constantinople.
* Flavian succeeds Meletius as Patriarch of Antioch.
* Timothy succeeds Peter as Patriarch of Alexandria.

## Births 
* Helian Bobo, emperor of the Chinese Xiongnu state Xia

## Deaths 
* Athanaric, king of the Visigoths
382

## Events 
* Roman Emperor Gratian removes the Altar of Victory from the Senate.

## Births 
* Jin Andi, emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty
* Sima Yuanxian, regent during the Jin Dynasty

## Deaths 
* Apollinaris the Younger
380

## Events 
* January or February – Emperor Theodosius I is baptized.
* February 27 – Edict of Thessalonica: Theodosius I, with co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II, say that all Roman citizens should become Christians.
* The Rock of Cashel is built in Ireland.
* The Visigothic chieftain Fritigern dies. His rival Athanaric becomes king of the entire Gothic nation.

## Births 
* Aelia Eudoxia, empress and wife of Arcadius
* Alexius, Eastern saint
* Eucherius, bishop of Lyon
* Hephaistio of Thebes, Egyptian astrologer

## Deaths 
* Peter II, Patriarch of Alexandria
* Samudragupta, ruler of the Gupta Empire
* Wang Fahui, empress of the Jin Dynasty
386

## Events 
* The Greuthungi cross the Danube to raid the Roman garrisons.
* Magnus Maximus invades Italy.
* The Northern Wei Dynasty begins in China.

## Births 
* Jin Gongdi, last emperor of the Jin Dynasty
* Nestorius, founder of Nestorianism

## Deaths 
* Cyril of Jerusalem, theologian and saint
* Duan Sui, ruler of the Western Yan
* Fu Pi, emperor of the Former Qin
* Jin Feidi, emperor of the Jin Dynasty
* Murong Chong, emperor of the Western Yan
* Murong Yao, emperor of the Western Yan
* Murong Yi, ruler of the Western Yan
* Murong Zhong, emperor of the Western Yan
387

## Events 
* Spring – Emperor Theodosius I increases the taxes in Antioch. The peasants start a riot.
* Magnus Maximus invades Italy. Emperor Valentinian II, age 16, is forced out of Rome.
* Winter – Emperor Theodosius I takes Valentinian II into protection.

## Deaths 
* Aelia Flaccilla, wife of Theodosius I
* Alatheus, chieftain of the Ostrogoths
* Saint Monica, mother of Augustine of Hippo
383

## Events 
* Niall of the Nine Hostages becomes the first High King of Ireland.
* Hadrian's Wall is overrun by the Picts.
* January 19 – Arcadius becomes Roman Emperor.
* Roman troops in Britain call Magnus Maximus Emperor. He crosses over to the continent and makes Trier his capital.
* King Ardashir II dies after a 4-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Shapur III.

## Births 
* Lupus of Troyes, French bishop and saint

## Deaths 
* August 25 – Gratian, Roman Emperor
* December 10 – Pope Damasus I
* Frumentius, the "Apostle to Ethiopia"
389

## Events 
* All pagan buildings in Alexandria are destroyed by fire.  This includes the library.

## Births 
* Geiseric, king of the Vandals and Alans

## Deaths 
* Mao, Chinese empress and wife of Fu Deng
* January 25 – Gregory Nazianzus, theologian
388

## Events 
* Battle of the Save: Emperor Theodosius I defeats Magnus Maximus near Emona.
* Valentinian II is restored as Roman Emperor.
* August 28 – Magnus Maximus surrenders at Aquileia and is executed.
* Bahram IV becomes the twelfth Sassanid king of Persia.
* Emperor Chandragupta II, ruler of the Gupta Empire, begins a war against the Shaka Dynasty in West India.

## Births 
* Yao Hong, emperor of the Chinese Qiang state Later Qin

## Deaths 
* Flavius Victor, son of Magnus Maximus and co-emperor
* Qifu Guoren, ruler of the Xianbei state Western Qin
* Shapur III, king of the Sassanid Empire
G0 phase

The **G0 phase** (called the **G zero phase**) or **resting phase** is a period in the cell cycle in which cells are inactive. Cells enter G0 phase from G1 and stop dividing. Some cells, such as neurons, remain in G0 for indefinite period. Some cells enter G0 phase semi-permanently, such as some cells of the liver and kidney. Many cells do not enter G0 and continue to divide throughout an organism's life, e.g. epithelial cells.
Isabel Sanford

**Eloise Gwendolyn Sanford** (also known as **Isabel Sanford**; August 29, 1917 - July 9, 2004) was an American movie, television and stage actress. She acted in several notable sitcoms. She played Louise "Weezy" Jefferson in *The Jeffersons* (January 1975 - June 1985). She also had many movie roles.

Sanford was born in Harlem, New York. She died in Los Angeles from natural causes at age eighty six.
Juice Newton

**Judy Kay Newton** (known as **Juice Newton**; February 18, 1952) is an American pop and country singer. She has gotten five Grammy Award nominations. She won a Grammy in 1983. She has several gold or platinum albums in her credit, including the albums *Juice* and *Quiet Lies*. Newton was born in New Jersey.

## Related pages
*List of country musicians from New Jersey
Conductor

**Conductor** might mean:

* Conductor (music), a person who directs a group of musicians
* Conductor (transportation), a type of worker on a bus, train, etc.
* Electrical conductor
* A material with high Thermal conductivity
Imogene Coca

**Imogene Fernandez de Coca** (or **Imogene Coca**; November 18, 1908 – June 2, 2001) was an American actress and comedian. She was nominated for Emmy Awards five times. Coca was born in Philadelphia. She died in Westport, Connecticut due to Alzheimer's disease at age 92.

## Other websites
Ruth Gordon

**Ruth Gordon Jones** (or just simply **Ruth Gordon**; October 30, 1896 - August 28, 1985) was an American writer and actress who was extremely known by movie roles that she performed past age 70. She played Minnie Castevet in the movie ''Rosemary's Baby*. She also played Maude in *Harold and Maude''. She received an Academy Award, two Golden Globes and an Emmy Award for her acting. Ruth Gordon was born in Quincy, Massachusetts. She died from a stroke in Edgartown.
Edward Fuller

**Edward Fuller** ( 1575winter of 1620/21) was a passenger on the 1620 voyage of the *Mayflower*. He signed the Mayflower Compact. Fuller died with his wife soon after the passengers came ashore to their new settlement at Plymouth but their sons lived. 
Fuller was baptized in Norfolk, England on September 4, 1575. He was the son of Robert Fuller, a butcher.

There is very little known about Edward Fuller's life in England. He had a brother Samuel who also travelled with him on the *Mayflower*.

## The Voyage to the New World 
In 1651 William Bradford wrote a list of the *Mayflower* passengers which included “Edward Fuller, and his wife, and Samuell, their son.”

The *Mayflower* left Plymouth, England on 16 September 1620. There were 102 passengers and 30–40 crew. On 21 November 1620, the *Mayflower* spotted land. The *Mayflower* was headed for Virginia Colony, but the ship was damaged and they were forced to land at Cape Cod now called Provincetown Harbor.  The wrote the Mayflower Compact which was a list of rules on how they would live and treat each other.  Fuller signed that document.

## In Plymouth Colony 
Bradford kept a written record of the new settlement at Plymouth.  He wrote that: “Edward Fuller and his wife died soon after they came ashore. Their son Samuel is living and married, and has four children or more.”  After the death of his parents, Samuel, then about age twelve, was taken into the household of his uncle, Samuel Fuller.

## Fuller's family
Edward had two sons:  Matthew and Samuel.  Samuel went to live with his uncle and became a doctor.  Matthew came over to Plymouth Colony sometime after his parents.

## References
William Gopallawa

**William Gopallawa **(17 September 1897 - 31 January 1981) was the first President of Sri Lanka. He was the last Governor-General of Ceylon from 1962 to 1972 before independence from the United Kingdom. Gopallawa was the 1st President of Sri Lanka from 1972 to1978. After his presidency, the next president was J. R. Jayewardene. 

He represented an era where politics was conducted with a dignified aura and he had a reputation as being a man of integrity and humility. He served as Governor-General during  different governments headed by the SLFP led regime of Sirimavo Bandaranaike and the United National Party led regime of Dudley Senanayake. He upheld the law and the constitution to the letter and won respect and admiration of all political parties. William Gopallawa was born on 17 September 1897 at the Dullewe Maha Walauwa, Dullewe in the Matale District of Ceylon. He is related to Dullewe Dissava, a signatory on behalf of the Sinhalese to the Kandiyan Convention of 1815

## References
J. R. Jayewardene

**Junius Richard Jayewardene** (, ; 17 September 1906 – 1 November 1996), commonly abbreviated in Sri Lanka as **J.R.**, was the second president of Sri Lanka. Jayewardene introduced the Executive Presidency in 1978, and assumed the position of President of Sri Lanka.
75 (number)

**Seventy-five** is a natural number. It comes after seventy-four and before seventy-six.
25 * 3 is 75.
75 is a self number because there is no integer that adds up to its own digits adds up to 75. It is the sum of the first five pentagonal numbers, and therefore a pentagonal pyramidal number, as well as a nonagonal number. As the number 75 is a composite number, it has many factors other than one and the number itself. Thus, the factors of 75 are 1, 3, 5, 15, 25 and 75. What are the Multiples of 75? So, the first 10 multiples of 75 are: 75, 150, 225, 300, 375, 450, 525, 600, 675 and 750. 75 is a multiple of 3 
multiples of 3: 3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36,39,42,45,48,51,54,57,60,63,66,69,72,75,78,81,84,87,90,93,96,99. 
The number 75 is divisible by 1, 3, 5, 15, 25, 75.
Reginald Scot

**Reginald Scot** (ca. 1538-1599) was an writer who was born in Kent, England, who studied law and served as a justice of the peace. His first book was *Perfect Platform of a Hop-Garden*, about growing hops.

His second book was *The Discoverie of Witchcraft* (1584), which took a skeptical look at witches and witchcraft. It also  the tricks used by s and magicians to fool people. His purpose in writing the book was to prevent old, ill, and simple people from being charged with witchcraft. The book was important by being one of the first to move away from mediaeval superstition during the Renaissance. However, King James I believed in witchcraft. When he read the book, he ordered all copies to be burnt.

## References
* *Encyclopedia of British writers, 16th and 17th centuries*. (2005). Book Builders LLC. p. 348.
Bob Steele

**Bob Steele** (**Robert Adrian Bradbury**; January 23, 1907 &ndash; December 21, 1988) was an American actor. He was known for his roles in *Carson City Kid*, *Island in the Sky*, *Rio Bravo*, ''Hang 'Em High*, *Rio Lobo*, and in the television sitcom *F Troop''.

Steele was born on January 23, 1907 in Portland, Oregon. He was raised in Hollywood, California. Steele was married to Louise A. Chessman from 1931 until they divorced in 1933. Then he was married to Alice Petty Hackley from 1935 until they divorced in 1938. Then he was married to Virginia Nash Tatem from 1939 until his death in 1988. He had no children. Steele died on December 21, 1988 in Burbank, California from emphysema, aged 81. 

## References
## Other websites
*[Bob Steele](http://www.searchmytrash.com/articles/bobsteele(5-07).shtml) - A Biography on (re)Search my Trash
*
*
*
Allen Ludden

**Allen Ludden** (**Allen Packard Ellsworth**; October 5, 1917 &ndash; June 9, 1981) was an American television personality and game show host. Ludden was well known for hosting many game shows. He hosted *Password* and *Password Plus* between 1961 and 1980.

Ludden was born on October 5, 1917 in Mineral Point, Wisconsin. He was raised in Mineral Point, Wisconsin and in Chicago, Illinois. Ludden studied at the University of Texas. 

Ludden was married to Margaret McGloin from 1943 until her death in 1961. Then he was married to Betty White from 1963 until his death in 1981. Ludden died on June 9, 1981 in Los Angeles, California from stomach cancer, aged 63.

## References 
## Other websites
*The Allen Ludden & Betty White Archive 
*Allen Ludden's biography 
*Allen Ludden's Photo & Gravesite
*
Conus

***Conus*** is a large genus of small to large predatory sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs, with the common names of *cone snails*, *cone shells* or *cones*.

Shaped, as the name suggests, like a , many species have colorful patterning on the shell surface. *Conus* snails are mostly tropical in distribution. Geologically speaking, the genus is known from the Eocene to the present.

All *Conus* snails are venomous. They hunt and eat marine worms or molluscs. The larger ones prey on small bottom-dwelling fish. Cone snails use a hypodermic-like modified radula tooth and a venom gland to attack and paralyze their prey before eating it. The tooth is sometimes likened to a dart or a harpoon. It is barbed and can be extended some distance out from the mouth of the snail, at the end of the proboscis. They can "sting" humans, and should be handled with great care or preferably not at all.

Cone snail venoms are mainly peptides. The venoms contain many different toxins that vary in their effects; some are extremely toxic. The sting of small cones is no worse than a bee sting, but the sting of some larger species can be serious, occasionally even fatal to humans. Cone snail venom may be a source of new, medically important substances. 

Some Cone snails are no longer living, like Conus adversarius.  

## References
Ben Johnson (actor)

**Ben Johnson, Jr.** (June 13, 1918 &ndash; April 8, 1996), or **Son Johnson**, was an American actor. He was mostly known for being in Western movies such as *Rio Grande*, *Shane*, and *The Wild Bunch*. He was also a world champion rodeo cowboy, stuntman, and rancher. Johnson won an Academy Award for his role on *The Last Picture Show*.

Johnson was born on June 13, 1918 in Foraker, Oklahoma. He was of Irish descent. Johnson was married to Carol Elaine Jones from 1941 until her death in 1991. They had no children. Johnson died on April 8, 1996 in Mesa, Arizona from a heart attack, aged 77.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture - Johnson, Ben, Jr.
Conidae

**Conidae** is a family of minute to quite large sea snails. They are marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Conoidea. Their beautiful shells are highly collectible.

The snails within this family are sophisticated predatory animals. The snails have eyes, and are active hunters. They immobilize prey with a modified radular tooth. The tooth delivers venom with neurotoxins; it is launched out of the snail's mouth in a harpoon-like action.

There have been many suggested changes to the classification of cone shells, and the details are still under investigation. The very large genus *Conus* has 600 species, and there are six other subfamilies.

## References
Bellona

.]]

**Bellona** was an Ancient Roman goddess of war.

All Roman Senate meetings about foreign war were held in the Templum Bellonae.

Bellona's festival was celebrated on June 3. She was married to Mars or the Greek god named Ares
Ranasinghe Premadasa

**Ranasinghe Premadasa** (; ; 23 June 1924 – 1 May 1993) was the third President of Sri Lanka. He was president from 2 January 1989 to 1 May 1993. Before that, he served as the Prime Minister in the government headed by J. R. Jayewardene from 6 February 1978 to 1 January 1989.

## Death 
On May 1, 1993, Premadasa was killed by an LTTE with a suicide bomb. He was 68 years old. 22 others were also killed in the attack and 60 others were injured.
Inger Stevens

**Inger Stevens** (born **Inger Stensland**; October 18, 1934 &ndash; April 30, 1970) was a Swedish-American actress who was best known for her role as Katy in the television sitcom ''The Farmer's Daughter''.

Stevens was born on October 18, 1934 in Stockholm, Sweden. She was raised in New York City, New York and in Manhattan, Kansas. Stevens studied at the Manhattan High School and at the Actors Studio. 

Stevens was married to Anthony Soglio from 1955 until they divorced in 1958. Then she was married to Ike Jones from 1961 until her death in 1970. Stevens committed suicide after drinking barbiturate (poison). She died on her way to the hospital in Hollywood, California on April 30, 1970, aged 35.

## Other websites
* 
*
Dingiri Wijetunga

Sri Lankabhimanya **Dingiri Banda Wijetunga** (,; 15 February 1916 – 21 September 2008) was the fourth President of Sri Lanka from 1 May 1993 to 12 November 1994, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka from 3 March 1989 to 7 May 1993 and the Governor of North Western province, Sri Lanka from 1988 to 1989. He was awarded Sri Lanka's most highest award to a civilian Sri Lankabhimanya in 1993 by President Ranasinghe Premadasa
930

## Events 
* The Althing of the Icelandic Commonwealth is founded.  It is now one of the world's oldest parliaments.
* Emperor Suzaku ascends to the throne of Japan.
* Prince Bei, oldest brother of the Khitan Emperor, leaves for China.

## Deaths 
* Emperor Daigo of Japan
* Ma Yin
931

## Events 
* Ramiro II of León becomes king of Kingdom of León.
* Eric Bloodaxe becomes the second king of Norway.
* March – Pope John XI succeeds Pope Stephen VII as the 125th pope.

## Births 
* Adelaide of Italy, wife of Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor
* Emperor Muzong of Liao

## Deaths 
* Emperor Uda of Japan
* King Harald I of Norway
932

## Events 
* Wildeck Castle is built by King Henry I in Zschopau, Germany.
* The movie *Monty Python and the Holy Grail* is set in this year.

## Births 
* Empress Xiao, empress and regent of the Liao

## Deaths 
* Qian Liu
933

## Events 
* 15 March – Henry the Fowler defeats the Magyars in the Battle of Riade.
* Cotentin and Jersey are taken by William I, Duke of Normandy.
* The Kingdom of Lower Burgundy is given to King Rudolph II of Upper Burgundy.

## Deaths 
* King Alfonso IV of Leon
* December 15 – Li Siyuan, Emperor Mingzong of Later Tang
934

## Events 
* The German king Henry I, the Fowler defeat King Gnupa and take Hedeby.
* The Eldgjá volcanic eruption is the largest basalt flood in history.
* Einsiedeln Abbey is founded.

## Births 
* Dong Yuan, Chinese painter

## Deaths 
* Meng Zhixiang, Chinese general
* Queen Emma of France
* St Gervadius Irish Saint
* Ubayd Allah, political and religious leader, founder of the Fatimid Caliphate
Heptathlon

**Heptathlon** is an athletics event meaning 7 contests. The male and female events are different. It has been an Olympic event for women since 1984.
It consists of:
*100 m hurdles
*High jump
*Shot put
*200 m
*Long jump
*Javelin throw
*800 m

As of 2013, Jessica Ennis is the current Olympic Gold medalist in Heptathlon.
As of 2018, Swapna Barman is the current Gold medalist in Asian Games.
938

## Events 
* The Liao Dynasty takes over Peking.
* Battle of Bach Dang: Vietnam wins its independence from China.

## Births 
* Hugh Capet, King of France

## Deaths 
* Lady Ise, Japanese poet
935

## Events 
* The Fatimid dynasty makes a third failed attempt to conquer Egypt.
* Córdoba is thought to be the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Baghdad.
* Haakon the Good, son of Harald Fairhair, once again brings together the Norwegian lands.
* Gyeon Hwon, the king of Hubaekje, is overthrown by his eldest son Singeom.
* The Later Shu Kingdom is founded by Meng Zhixiang in Chengdu.

## Births 
* Ferdowsi Tousi, Persian poet

## Deaths 
* Harald Fairhair, King of Norway
* Wenceslas I, Duke of Bohemia
Electronic waste

**Electronic waste** or **e-waste** are electronics that have been discarded.  This includes any electronics e.g., computers, power tools etc.

E-waste is a concern for every country in the 21st century. Over time, people throw away their old devices, either due to their technology breaking down and becoming unusable, or due to advances in technology causing people to buy new. This creates a large amount of e-waste, some of which can still be used and others that are unusable. Some countries have e-waste recycling companies and e-waste recycling programs to ensure proper disposal of electronic devices. Due to the way electronics are made, there are some parts that can be reused if disposed of properly. However, many people do not recycle their electronics properly, and toxic substances from those electronics can enter the environment when not disposed of correctly. 

Adding up the billions of computer users in the world, over 30 million tons of e-waste is created nearly every year.
Abderrahman Ait Khamouch

**Abderrahman Ait Khamouch**  (born November 9, 1986)  is a T46 Paralympic track and field athlete from Spain. He runs in 800 meter, 1,500 meter, 5,000 meter and marathon races.  He was born in Morocco, and he later moved to Spain.  He became a citizenship in August 2008. He ran for Spain at the 2008 and 2012 Summer Paralympics,  and he finished second in the 1,500 meters and third in the in the 800 meters in 2008, and finished second in the marathon in 2012.

## Personal 
Ait Khamouch was born on November 9, 1986  He has an arm amputation.  His arm was amputated after he fell when he was a child.  The fall caused more medical problems.  He eventually got gangrene.  The doctors had to amputate his right arm at his shoulder.

When Ait Khamouch first got work in Barcelona, he worked at a parking lot. In 2012, he got a Plan ADO €2,500 coaching scholarship.  He lost part of his Catalonian scholarship a year and a half before the London Paralympics. Ait Khamouch said the loss of the scholarship was politically motivated.  In 2012, he set a world record  at the Barcelona Marathon. He also set a qualifying time in the event for the London Paralympics at the Barcelona Marathon.  In 2012, he competed in the Barcelona half marathon and he set a personal best time.

### Paralympics 
Ait Khamouch competed in the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, China. He finished second in the men's 1500 metres&nbsp;— T46 event and finished third in the men's 800 metres&nbsp;— T46 event. Four years later, he competed in the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, Great Britain. There he won a finished second in the men's marathon&nbsp;— T46 event.  His top three finish at the 2008 Games was the first time, Paralympic or Olympic,  that some one had finished in the top three by some one from Ait Khamouch's hometown in Morocco.  His parents watched him compete on television in Morocco.

## References
Thomas Sackville

**Thomas Sackville**, 1st earl of Dorset, (1535/6-1608) was an English playwright, poet, statesman, and the Chancellor of Oxford University. He was the son of Sir Richard Sackville, a member of the court of King Henry VIII of England. He married Cicely Baker in 1555.

Sackville was a London barrister, and entered Parliament in 1558. He was a member of the Privy Council in 1585. In 1586, he delivered the death sentence to Mary, Queen of Scots. He served on diplomatic missions to The Hague. In 1591, Sackville became Chancellor of the University of Oxford. He served as lord high treasurer, a life appointment, from 1599 to 1608. He died of a stroke. 

Sackville is famous for *Gorboduc* (1563), the first English tragedy written in blank verse.  He wrote this play with Thomas Norton. Sackville's two great poems, *Induction* and ''Buckingham's Complaint*, were published in *The Mirror for Magistrates* (1563). The play and the two poems make Sackville one of the major English poets and playwrights. 

## Notes
## References
**Encyclopedia Britannica: Thomas Sackville
**Encyclopedia of British writers, 16th and 17th centuries*. (2005). Book Builders LLC. 

## Other reading
* Complete text: *Gorboduc*
Tisha Campbell

**Tisha Campbell** (born October 13, 1968) is an American television actress and model. She played Gina Waters in the series *Martin* (August 1992 - May 1997) and Janet Marie "Jay" Kyle in the ABC series *My Wife and Kids. She also played Sydney in the *House Party'' movies. Campbell was born in Oklahoma City, though raised in Newark, New Jersey.

## References
Elkanah Settle

**Elkanah Settle** (1648-1724) was an English poet and playwright. He was born at Dunstable, Bedfordshire, England, the son of Josias Settle. In 1666, he went to Trinity College, Oxford, but did not take a degree.

His first tragedy was *Cambyses, King of Persia* (1667). It was the first English play to have its climax reached in a musical scene with an original score. It is believed to be the first play printed in England with illustrations.

Settle was briefly involved in politics when the succession of Catholic James II to the throne was being debated. He served briefly in James's army. He then abandoned politics.

In 1691, he was named City Poet of London.  His last days were spent as a poor brother in the Carthusian Order. He may have performed in street fairs as a dragon in a green leather suit. He died in 1724.

## Selected works
**The Empress of Morocco* (1673), a tragedy
**Ibrahim, the Illustrious Bassa* (1676), a tragedy 
**The Female Prelate: being the History of the Life and Death of Pope Joan* (1680), a tragedy
**The New Athenian Comedy (1693), a comedy
**The Ambitious Slave: or A Generous Revenge* (1694)
**The World in the Moon* (1697), an opera 
**The Virgin Prophetess, or The Fate of Troy* (1701), an opera
**The Lady's Triumph'' (1718), an opera

## References
## Other websites
* British Library  – Search on "Elkanah Settle" for images and catalogue entries on over 20 bindings by Settle.
* 
* Settle Plays Online.
Gorboduc

***The Tragedy of Gorboduc*** is the earliest English tragedy in blank verse. It was written by Thomas Sackville and Thomas Norton. The writers took the story of the play from Geoffrey of Monmouth's *History of the Kings of Britain* (1138). The play premiered before Queen Elizabeth I on 18 January 1561. It was first printed in 1565. It was printed again in 1570 as *The Tragedy of Ferrex and Porrex*.

The play is about a good king named Gorboduc. He gives his kingdom away during his lifetime to his sons. The sons quarrel over the throne. Porrex, the younger son, kills his brother, Ferrex. Their mother, Queen Videna, avenges the death of her older son by murdering Porrex. Gorboduc and Videna are then killed by their horrified former subjects.

Norton wrote the first three acts; Sackville wrote the last two. The playwrights took the tragedies of the Latin writer Seneca as their model,  but ignored the classical unities of time and place.  They used Classical elements such as the Chorus and the Messenger, but added non-Classical elements such as dumb shows (pantomimes) before each act. 

## References
## Other websites
*Complete text: *Gorboduc*
Pontefract

**Pontefract** is a town in West Yorkshire, England. It is part of the City of Wakefield. It has about 28,000 people. It is famous for its Liquorice flavoured Pontefract cakes.

## Other websites
*Yorkshire.com
David Barrallo Fuertes

**David Barrallo Fuertes** (born June 4, 1973 in Barcelona) is a track and field athlete from Spain.  He has a physical disability and is T44 type athlete. He raced at the 2000 Summer Paralympics. He finished second in the 4 X 400 meter T42-T46 race. He finished fourth in the 200 meter race.  He finished fifth in the 400 meter race. 

## References
Abel Avila Rodríguez

**Abel Avila Rodriguez** (born November 9, 1986 in Manresa) is a track and field athlete from Spain.  He has a disability: he is blind and is B3/T13 type athlete.  He raced at the 2000 Summer Paralympics.  He finished second in the 800 meter T12 race.  He raced at the 2004 Summer Paralympics.  He finished first in the 800 meter T12 race.   He raced at the 2008 Summer Paralympics. He raced at the 2012 Summer Paralympics.  He finished second in the 1,500 meter race. 

## References
Home Secretary

The **home secretary** in the United Kingdom is a senior minister of the British Government and the head of the Home Office. Since 5 September 2025, the office has been held by Shabana Mahmood. She is responsible for immigration, the police and other matters relating to the safety of the United Kingdom.

## References
David Casinos Sierra

**David Casinos Sierra** (born February 15, 1972 from Valencia) is a track and field athlete from Spain.  He has a disability: He is blind and is T11/F11/B1 type athlete. He competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics.  He finished first in the shot put and fourth in the discus. He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics.   He finished first in the shot put and seventh in the discus. He raced at the 2008 Summer Paralympics.   He finished first in the shot put and fifth in the discus. He raced at the 2012 Summer Paralympics.   He finished first in the discus  and fifth in the shot put. 

In 2012, he had a Plan ADO €23,000 athlete scholarship with a €3,000 reserve and a €2,500 coaching scholarship.

## References 
## Other websites 
* David Casinos Sierra: Twitter
Elena Congost Mohedano

**Elena Congost Mohedano** (born September 20, 1987 in Barcelona) is a track and field athlete from Spain. She has a disability: She is blind and is T12/B2 type athlete. She raced at the 2004 Summer Paralympics.  She finished 7 in the 200 meter race. She raced at the 2008 Summer Paralympics. She finished 6 in the 1,500 meter race.  She also raced in the 800 meter race and finished 6 in the semifinal. She raced at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. She finished second in the 1,500 meter race. 

## References
Pedro Cordero Martin

**Pedro Cordero Martin** (born January 28, 1972 in Barcelona) is a boccia player from Spain.  He has a physical disability: He has cerebral palsy and is a BC2 type athlete. He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics.  He competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics.  He was part of the Spain team in the BC1-BC2 boccia team game.  His team finished third.  He competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. 

## References
Francisco Javier Beltrán Manero

**Francisco Javier Beltran Manero** (born November 5, 1972 in Madrid) is a boccia player from Spain.  He has a physical disability: He has cerebral palsy and is a BC1 type athlete. He competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics in Sydney, Australia.  He finished third in the one person BC1 boccia game. He finished second in the BC1/BC2 team boccia game. He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics.  He competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics.   He competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. 

## References
José María Dueso Villar

**Jose Maria Dueso Villar** (born October 30, 1974 in Valencia) is a boccia player from Spain.  He has a physical disability, and is a BC4 type athlete. He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. He finished three in the one person BC4 game. He played against a boccia player from Slovakia when he finished three.  He competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics. He competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. 

## References
José Javier Curto Gines

**Jose Javier Curto Gines** (born December 31, 1964 in Madrid) is a boccia player from Spain.  He has a physical disability: He has cerebral palsy and is a BC2 type athlete. He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. He finished first in the one person BC2 boccia game. 

## References
Álvaro Galán Floria

**Alvaro Galan Floria** (born January 28, 1977 in Madrid) is a boccia player from Spain.  He has a physical disability: He has cerebral palsy and is a BC2 type athlete. He competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics.  He was on the BC1/BC2	team from Spain.  His team finished second.  In the first - second finish game, South Korea finished first by a score of 7-6. 

## References
951

## Events 
* Allat the Maharana of Mewar comes to power.
* The Later Zhou Dynasty is founded by Guo Wei in China.
* The Northern Han Kingdom is founded by Liu Min in northern China.

## Births 
* Gregory of Narek, Armenian monk, poet, and theologian
* Saint Romuald

## Deaths 
* Emperor Shizong of the Liao Dynasty
* 2 January – Liu Chengyou, Emperor Yin of the Later Han Dynasty
952

## Events 
* Kalbid forces defeat the Byzantines in Calabria.

## Births 
* Emperor Gongdi of Later Zhou

## Deaths 
* Emperor Suzaku of Japan
* Hugh, Duke of Burgundy
953

## Events 
* Liudolf, Duke of Swabia and Conrad the Red rebel against German King Otto I.

## Births 
* Charles, Duke of Lower Lorraine
* Herbert III, Count of Vermandois
* Al-Karaji, Persian mathematician and engineer
* Kisai Marvazi, Persian poet

## Deaths 
* Abas I of Armenia, King of Armenia
* Ismail al-Mansur. third Fatimid Caliph
* Empress Dowager Yingtian of the Liao Dynasty
* Muhammad bin Musafir, Sallarid ruler of Tarum and Iranian Azerbaijan
* Rasso, Bavarian count, military leader, pilgrim, and saint.
* Rhodri ap Hywel, king of Deheubarth
Manuel Angel Martin Perez

**Manuel Angel Martin Perez** (born January 30, 1980 in Portugos) is a boccia player from Spain.  He has a physical disability: He has cerebral palsy and is a BC2 type athlete. He competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics. He played in the one person BC2 game and he finished thir.  He competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, England. 

## References
Geosynchronous orbit

A **geosynchronous orbit** is an orbit at a height of  above sea level on the Earth.  At this height, the orbit takes 24 hours, so it is *in sync* with the land on Earth (the 'geo' part of geosynchronous).  

The geostationary orbit is the most common type of geosynchronous orbit.  This is right above the equator, so the satellites in this orbit do not swing north or south, but stay perfectly still above a point on the equator.  This is useful for communication satellites (including satellite TV).

Geosynchronous also includes orbits that are not above the equator, but since every orbit goes around the center of the Earth, the satellite must spend an equal amount of time north of the equator as it does south of the equator, so it appears to slide up and down when viewed from the Earth.
APG

**APG** is an abbreviation.  Some of the things it can mean are:

* Aboriginal Provisional Government, Indigenous Australian independence movement
* Android Privacy Guard, privacy for the Android operating system
* Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, a work of several botanists
* Anterior Pituitary Gland, an endocrine gland
* Artist Publishing Group
* Association of Professional Genealogists
* Associated petroleum gas
* Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies
* Austrian Power Grid, Austrian electric power transmission company
* Assists per game, in basketball
Localhost

**localhost** means *this computer* in computer networking. On most computers `localhost` resolves to the IP address `::1` in IPv6 and `127.0.0.1` in IPv4. The localhost is useful for programmers to test software independent of a network connection. Using the localhost bypasses the network card in a computer.

## Loopback
The loopback function of localhost can be used to run a network service without needing a physical network card. It can also be used to not let a network access the service that the computer is connected to.

IPv4 network standards  the address block *127.0.0.0/8* for loopback.

## References
Governorate of Dalmatia

The **Governorship of Dalmatia** (or *Governatorato di Dalmazia* in Italian) was a territory united to the Kingdom of Italy in April 1941, after the military conquest of the Jugoslavian Dalmatia by Italian general Vittorio Ambrosio during WWII. It lasted until September 1943.

## Characteristics
The Governorship of Dalmatia was made up of parts of coastal Kingdom of Yugoslavia that were occupied and annexed by Italy from April 1941 to September 1943. Italy already had, since 1919, the Italian Province of Zara (*Provincia di Zara*) on the Dalmatian coastline with Zara as capital and the island of Lagosta (actually called Lastovo) after World War I (for a total area of about 200 square kilometers).

The creation of the Governorship of Dalmatia fulfilled the requests of the Italian Irredentism, that already were expressed during the "Incidents of Spalato". But not all of Dalmatia was annexed by Italy, as the German puppet state - the Independent State of Croatia - took some sections of the Dalmatian areas, though the Italian army held control over all of Dalmatia.

The Kingdom of Italy divided the Governorship into three Italian provinces: *Zara* (Zadar), *Spalato* (Split) and *Cattaro* (Kotor), but never created officially an Italian region with the name "Dalmatia" (waiting for the future peace conference). While the Governorship was not officially a region of Italy, the northern Dalmatian islands of Krk (*Veglia*) and Rab (*Arbe*) were united to the Italian province of Fiume and became part of the Kingdom of Italy.

In September 1941 Benito Mussolini, ordered the military occupation of the entire Dalmatian coast and islands (like Ragusa, Lissa, and Pago) that belonged to fascist Croatia of Ante Pavelić: he tried to annex those areas to the Governorship of Dalmatia, but was temporarily stopped by the strong opposition of Pavelić, who retained nominal control of those areas.
## Territory
The Governatorate of Dalmatia consisted of three provinces: Zara, Cattaro and Spalato. The administrative capital was Zara. After autumn 1941 also the Dalmatian islands of Pago and Lesina  were annexed. These islands were occupied militarily by the Italian army, along with an area of fascist Croatia that was off the coast of Segna to the center of Bosnia (near Sarajevo and Banja Luka).

After the Kingdom of Italy changed sides to the Allies in 1943, German forces took over the area. This territory was not given to the fascist Italian Social Republic (which was a puppet state of Nazi Germany), but instead completely dissolved and added to the puppet Independent State of Croatia.  Zara remained Italian (even under control of the German Army) until 1945. The city suffered a terrible bombing in 1944. 

## References
## Bibliography
* Dalbello M.C.; Razza antonello. *Per una storia delle comunità italiane della Dalmazia*. Fondazione Culturale Maria ed Eugenio Dario Rustia Traine. Trieste, 2004.

## Related pages
* Italian irredentism in Dalmatia
* Incidents of Spalato
10,000

**10000** (**10,000**, or simply **ten thousand**) is the number after 9999 and before 10001. The Ancient Greeks gave it the name **myriad**.
Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator

***Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator*** (1972) is a children's book by British author Roald Dahl.

## Plot
The book continues directly from the events of *Charlie and the Chocolate Factory*. Willy Wonka has just given his factory to Charlie. In a flying machine known as the Great Glass Elevator, they crash through the roof of Charlie's house and tell his family the good news.
 
On their way to the factory, the elevator makes a noise. Charlie and his family find themselves in orbit around the Earth.  An adventure begins with Willy Wonka leading the way.

## Other websites
*Official Roald Dahl Website
101 (number)

**101** (**one hundred [and] one**) is a number. It comes between 100 and 102. 101 is a prime number.

In Binary and BCD -code, 101 means number 5.
The product of any 2 digit number and 101 will always be in the form of abab.
Team Hell No

**Team Hell No** were a tag team in WWE. The team was made up of Kane and Daniel Bryan. 

They were champions from *No Way Out* 2012 to *Extreme Rules* 2013. The team split up on the June 17 episode of Raw because both of them announced that they had intentions of becoming WWE Champion.

## References
Madison, South Dakota

**Madison** is a city in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Lake County. It became a city in 1885, and 6,474 people lived there at the 2020 census. Madison is home to Dakota State University.

## References 
## Other websites 
*City of Madison website
SpongeBob SquarePants season 9

The ninth season of ***SpongeBob SquarePants*** began on July 21, 2012 with the episodes "Extreme Spots" and "Squirrel Record". It ran through February 20, 2017, ending with "Goodbye, Krabby Patty?".

## Episodes 

## DVD release
The DVD boxset for season nine was released by Paramount Home Entertainment and Nickelodeon in the United States and Canada on October 10, 2017, eight months after the season had completed broadcast on television. The DVD release features bonus materials, including "animated shorts".

## Notes
## References
## Other websites 
* Season 9 at Metacritic
76 (number)

**Seventy-six** is a number. It comes after seventy-five and before seventy-seven. It is also divisible by 1, 2, 4, 19, 38, and 76.
Chandrika Kumaratunga

**Chandrika Kumaratunga** (born 29 June 1945) is a Sri Lankan politician. She was the leader of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party until 2005. She was the fifth president of Sri Lanka. She survived many assassination attempts.

## Before politics 
Chandrika was born into a political family. Her parents were Solomon Bandaranaike and Sirimavo Bandaranaike, who both served as Prime Minister of Sri Lanka. Her father was the fourth Prime Minister of Sri Lanka. He was murdered in 1959, when Chandrika was 14 years old. Her mother was the first woman in the world to serve as head of government.

Chandrika studied at Saint Bridgets Convent in Colombo. While her mother was head of government, Chandrika was the chairwoman of the National Estate Development Board. In 1977 she was married to the movie actor, Vijaya Kumaranatunga. They had two children together: Yasodara and Vimukthi. In 1984, her husband formed a new political party, the Sri Lanka Mahajana Party. Chandrika became an active member of it. She left the country in 1988 immediately after the murder of her husband. She returned in 1992 and joined the Sri Lanka Freedom Party.

## Political life 
Chandrika contested the provincial council elections in 1993. She became the chief minister of the Western Province. She was the most popular person in the 1994 general elections, which her party won. She became the Prime Minister of Sri Lanka on 19 August 1994. She became the president of Sri Lanka with a record number of votes a few months later, on 12 November 1994. Her mother took over as Prime Minister.

She won the next presidential elections in 1999 with a good share of the votes. Her prime minister under this term was Ratnasiri Wickremanayake.

Chandrika survived an attack from a suicide bomber in 2000. In 2001 some of her cabinet ministers crossed over to the opposition and Chandrika was forced to dissolve Parliament and call an election several years early. Her party lost to the United National Party at the election. However, Chandrika would continue in office as the executive president. In 2004, she dissolved Parliament and called a general election and was able to win this time.

She retired from politics in 2005. Mahinda Rajapaksa replaced her as president.
Munenori Kawasaki

**Munenori Kawasaki** (川﨑 宗則, Kawasaki Munenori) (born June 3, 1981) is a former Japanese baseball player. He last played for the Wei Chuan Dragons in 2019.

He has also played for the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks of Nippon Professional Baseball, from 2001 to 2011. He also played for the Seattle Mariners, and the Toronto Blue Jays. He also played for the Japanese national baseball team in the 2008 Summer Olympics and both the 2006 and 2009 World Baseball Classics.

## Other websites
*Official website  (in Japanese)
*Munenori Kawasaki's MLB player profile
Yuki Kato

**Yuki Anggraini Kato** (born 2 April 1995 in Malang, East Java, Indonesia) is an Indonesian actress. Yuki Kato became known after starring in the soap opera *Primata Cantik*. In addition to being the main character in the soap opera series *Heart* and *My Love*, Yuki Kato also starred in *Jodoh Arietta* as the sister of Raffi Ahmad's character.

## Filmography 
* *Basahhh...* (2008)
* *Operation Wedding* (2013) with Adipati Koesmadji

## Television 
* Inikah Rasanya
* Matahariku
* Primata Cantik
* Heart (series 1)
* My Love
* Pelangi-pelangi Cinta
* Pintu Hidayah
* 3 Pengantin Untuk Ayahku
* Arti Sahabat
* Gol-Gol Fatimah
* Dia atau Diriku
* Cahaya Gemilang
* Cinta Cenat Cenut 3
* Heart Series 2
* Namaku Mentari
* Monyet Cantik
* Arti Sahabat Musim Kedua

## Other websites 
* Yuki Kato on Twitter
Yankton, South Dakota

**Yankton** is a city in and the county seat of Yankton County, in the southern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It became a city in 1889, and 15,411 people lived there at the 2020 census. Yankton is located near the Missouri River.

## References 
## Other websites 
*City of Yankton website
The Mirror for Magistrates

***The Mirror for Magistrates*** is a collection of English poems from the Tudor period. The first edition was published in 1559. These poems were written by different writers. The poems are about the lives and the tragic ends of historical figures. They are concerned with expounding the proper behaviour of a prince and the proper relation between ruler and ruled. In taking characters from the time of Richard II to that of Henry VIII and making them speak of their fortunes, the authors seek to show a mirror, in a way, to those who govern regarding the consequences of good or bad governance. The best poems are *Induction* and ''Buckingham's Complaint'' by Thomas Sackville.
Boysenberry

A **boysenberry** is an aggregate fruit. It has large seeds and a maroon color. It is commonly used in jams and pies. When cooked into jams and pies, it changes color.

It is not a natural species: it is a cultivated variety. A boysenberry is a cross between a European raspberry (*Rubus idaeus*), a common blackberry (*Rubus fruticosus*), an American dewberry (*Rubus aboriginum*) and a loganberry (*Rubus* × *loganobaccus*).

## References
Carmel-by-the-Sea, California

**Carmel-by-the-Sea**, often called simply **Carmel**, is a municipality in Monterey County, California, United States. It was founded in 1902 and incorporated on October 31, 1916. Carmel is on the Monterey Peninsula. It is known for its natural scenery and rich artistic history. Actor Clint Eastwood was mayor of Carmel-by-the-Sea for two years.
 
## References