open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Time of the Season

"**Time of the Season**" (where the breaths, sighs and flutish pianish organ were heard) is a single from The Zombies. It is a ballad about emotions in the Summer of Love. Colin Blunstone is lead singer.

The song hit #3 on the *Billboard* Hot 100, and #1 in Canada. It did not chart in Britain.

The song was sampled and covered by quite a few artists in the years after.
Sonny Ruberto

**John Edward** "**Sonny**" **Ruberto** (January 2, 1946 &ndash; March 25, 2014) was an American baseball backup catcher and pinch runner. He played in the Major League Baseball (MLB) and played two seasons for the San Diego Padres (1969) and the Cincinnati Reds (1972). He was born in the Staten Island borough of New York City, New York.

Ruberto died from cancer on March 25, 2014 in Ave Maria, Florida. He was 68 years old.

## References
## Other websites
* Sonny Ruberto at Baseball Reference
Harald Nugiseks

**Harald Nugiseks** (22 October 1921 &ndash; 2 January 2014) was an SS-Oberscharführer (Sergeant) in World War II. He served at his own free will in the 20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Estonian) of the Waffen SS. He was also one of the four Estonian soldiers who received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. He was born in Karjaküla, Särevere Parish, Järva County.

Nugiseks died from natural causes on 2 January 2014, aged 92.

## References
## Other websites
* Harald Nugiseks at Estonian Legion
Fernando Henrique Cardoso

**Fernando Henrique Cardoso** (; born June 18, 1931), also known by his initials **FHC** () is a Brazilian politician. He was the 34th President of Brazil. He served for two terms from January 1, 1995 to December 31, 2002.

## Related pages
*List of Brazilian scientists

## References
## Other websites
Tonie Nathan

**Theodora Nathalia** "**Tonie**" **Nathan** (February 9, 1923 &ndash; March 20, 2014) was an American politician. She is the first woman, as well as the first Jewish person, to have got an electoral vote in a United States presidential election. She was the 1972 vice presidential nominee of the Libertarian Party and running mate of John Hospers. She was born in New York City.

Nathan died from Alzheimer's disease on March 20, 2014 in Eugene, Oregon. She was 91 years old.

## References
## Other websites
* Tonie Nathan biography
Andrew Wyeth

**Andrew Newell Wyeth** ( ; July 12, 1917 – January 16, 2009) was an American visual artist, primarily a realist painter, working mostly in a regionalist style. He was one of the best-known U.S. artists of the middle 20th century.

Wyeth was born in Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania. He was the youngest of N.C. Wyeth's five children. His siblings included artists Henriette Wyeth and Carolyn Wyeth as well as inventor Nathaniel Wyeth. In 1940, he married Betsy James, who would often model in his paintings.

On January 16, 2009, Wyeth died in his sleep in Chadds Ford after a brief illness. He was 91 years old.

## References
## Other websites
Alemayehu Atomsa

**Alemayehu Atomsa** (; 12 February 1969 &ndash; 6 March 2014) was an Ethiopian politician. He served as the president of the Oromo Region, the largest of the country's regions, from 2010 until he resgined due to illness in 2014. He was born in Bonaya Boshe, Welega.

Atomsa died from food poisoning on 6 March 2014 at the Bumrungrad International Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand. He was 45 years old.

## References
Brett Borgen

**Brett Borgen** (7 November 1934 &ndash; 11 March 2014) was a Norwegian novelist and poet. Her best known works were *Fra en ikke helt vellykket skuespillerinnes dagbok* (1972), *Dualoger med Vår Herre and Isabella, sorgen og Don Juan* (1977), *En time med Jesus* (1978), *Den fortapte datter* (1979), *Heltinnen* (1981). She also wrote the memoir *Lillelord og Lady Brett* (1985). 

She was born and died in Oslo. She was 79 years old when she died.

## References
Anius

meeting with Anius]]
In Greek mythology, **Anius** was a king of Delos and priest of Apollo. He was the son of Apollo and Rhoeo.

Anius told the Greeks the Trojan War would not be won until the tenth year.
WrestleMania 31

**WrestleMania 31** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view and WWE Network livestreaming show made by WWE. It took place on March 29, 2015 at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California. It was the thirty-first WrestleMania event held by WWE. According to WWE, the event earned a record gate of $12.6 million and also broke Levi's Stadium's attendance record by 6,177 people.

The main event saw Roman Reigns face Brock Lesnar for the WWE World Heavyweight Championship. During the match, Seth Rollins ran to the ring and cashed in his Money in the Bank contract which made the match a triple threat match. Rollins won the match and the championship. Another match on the card saw Sting compete in his first WWE match where he was defeated by Triple H.

## Matches
### Battle Royal order of eliminations
## Footnotes
## References 
## Other websites
*Official WrestleMania 31 website
Lake Winnipeg

**Lake Winnipeg** is a big lake in the province of Manitoba, Canada. It is north of the city of Winnipeg. It is the biggest lake in south Canada.
## Area
Settlements(places where people live) around Lake Winnipeg include Grand Rapids,Winnipeg Beach, Grand Marais, Riverton, Gimli, Berens River, Victoria Beach, Bloodvein, Manigotagan and Pine Falls.

Lake Winnipeg is about 55 kilometers north of Winnipeg.

## Other websites
Leopoldo María Panero

**Leopoldo María Panero** (16 June 1948 &ndash; 5 March 2014) was a Spanish poet. He was often placed in the Novísimos group. He had fifteen poetic releases between 1970 and 2004. He was born in Madrid.

Panero died from heart failure on 5 March 2014 in Madrid. He was 65 years old.

## References
## Other websites
* Leopoldo María Panero biography
Richard W. Burkhardt

**Richard Wellington Burkhardt** (May 18, 1918 &ndash; March 4, 2014) was an American academic. He was the 8th President of Ball State University, from 1978 to 1979. He retired in 1985. He was born in Newton, Massachusetts.

Burkhardt died from natural causes on May 18, 1918 in Muncie, Indiana. He was 95 years old.

## References
## Other websites
* Richard W. Burkhardt biography
Aularches

***Aularches miliaris*** is a grasshopper found in south and southeast Asia. It is protected by powerful chemical defences, and its warning colour signals its foul taste.

When it is disturbed or grabbed, it makes a sharp rasping noise with its thoracic segments. Then, if its thorax is pinched, it gives off a toxic foam. It squirts a clear viscous mucus with unpleasant smell and a bitter taste, faintly alkaline, with many bubbles. This foam comes out as a strong jet from openings in the thorax, and more gently from other openings in the body (ten in total). The foam heaps up around the insect and partly covers it.

## Colouring and behaviour 
The head and thorax are dark green with a canary-yellow band on the side.  The leathery front wings are green with many yellow spots; the legs are blue, with a yellow serrated pattern on the hind legs.  The abdomen is black with bright red bands. 

Like most  animals, it is very visible and slow-moving on vegetation. It pays to advertise, and it does not need to hide.

## References
## Other websites
* Orthoptera Species File
Mitsubishi Outlander

The **Mitsubishi Outlander** is a mid-size crossover SUV that is built by Mitsubishi Motors. The Mitsubishi Outlander has had three generations, the newest one in 2012. When it was first introduced in Japan in 2001, the vehicle was known as the **Mitsubishi Airtrek** and it was based on the **Mitsubishi ASX** concept vehicle that was exhibited at the 2001 North American International Auto Show.

They chose the name Airtrek because it was to "describe the vehicle’s ability to transport its passengers on adventure-packed journeys in a 'free-as-a-bird' manner" and was "coined from Air and Trek to express the idea of footloose, adventure-filled motoring pleasure." The new name Outlander was chosen because it suggested a "feeling of journeying to distant, unexplored lands in search of adventure."

## PSA rebadges
## Other websites
## Other websites
*Official Global website
Steppe bison

The **steppe bison**, or **steppe wisent** (*Bison priscus*), is an extinct bison. It lived on steppes in Europe, Central Asia, Beringia, and North America during the Quaternary. It is believed that it evolved somewhere in South Asia, That would mean it appeared  at about the same time and region as the aurochs, with which its descendants are sometimes confused.

The steppe wisent became extinct in the Pleistocene. It was replaced in Europe by the modern wisent species. It was replaced in America by *Bison latifrons*, then later *Bison antiquus*), and finally the modern American bison.

Steppe wisent occasionally appear in cave painting. They are in the famous Cave of Altamira and Lascaux. They have also been found in naturally ice-preserved form.

## Blue Babe 
**Blue Babe** is the name of a mummified male steppe bison which was discovered north of Fairbanks in July 1979. It is called that because the creature is coated with vivianite.

Meanwhile, in 1984, scientists cut up a portion of the neck. The piece was simmered in stock and vegetables and made into a stew. It was described as having a strong Pleistocene aroma.

## References
Camelops

***Camelops*** is an extinct genus of camel which lived in North America during the Pleistocene. from two million years ago to about 10,000 years ago.

They were prey for the wolves, bears, lions and *Smilodon*. *Camelops* disappeared at the end of the last ice age, as did many other animals.

## Changes in their environment 
Evidence of its environment comes from Natural Trap Cave in Wyoming, and from Rancho La Brea in the modern Los Angeles area. These studies suggest that it was not, like modern camels, adapted to desert conditions. It lived in woodland and grasslands with mixed vegetation.

Before the climate change at about 11,000 years ago it lived in "conifer parklands" on the Montana-Wyoming border, and in "coastal shrublands" in California. After the climate change, what had been woodland became "deserts and treeless steppes of the sort so extensive in the present western U.S.A". Even the type of grass which grew there changed.

Evidently, for this animal, the climate change was very significant. Also, the arrival of man as a hunter may have made the situation worse. A few Clovis points have been found in the cave site.

## References
If You Asked Me To

**"If You Asked Me To"** is a popular single first performed by Patti LaBelle. The song was from the *Licence to Kill* movie soundtrack. It was also on LaBelle's album *Be Yourself*.

The song was released in 1989. It hit top ten on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. Three years later, it hit #4 on the *Billboard* Hot 100. That version was done by Celine Dion in April 1992. Her version hit in America and Canada.
Pam Tillis

**Pamela Yvonne "Pam" Tillis** (born July 24, 1957) is an American country music singer and actress. She began her career in 1981. In 1991, she had a song in the Top 40 on the *Billboard* Hot Country Songs for the first time.

Tillis has released many albums. Two of them are *Put Yourself in My Place* and ''Sweetheart's Dance''.

Tillis was born in Florida. She was raised in Nashville, Tennessee. Her father is the late country music singer Mel Tillis.

## Related pages
*List of country musicians from Florida
## References
Lawrence Walsh

**Lawrence Edward Walsh** (January 8, 1912&nbsp;– March 19, 2014) was an American lawyer and former U.S. District Court judge and Deputy Attorney General.

Walsh grew up in New York City. He was appointed Independent Counsel in December 1986 to investigate the Iran-Contra affair during the Ronald Reagan Administration.

Walsh died from natural causes at the age of 102 at his Nichols Hills, Oklahoma home.

## References
## Other websites
Patrick Joseph McGovern

**Patrick Joseph McGovern, Jr.** (August 11, 1937 – March 19, 2014) was an American businessman. He was known for being chairman and founder of International Data Group (IDG). He was listed on the Forbes 400 list of the richest Americans in September, 2013 as having a net worth of $5.1 billion.

McGovern died on March 19, 2014, aged 76.

## References
## Other websites
Skin Diamond

**Skin Diamond** (real name: **Raylin Christensen**; She is of Ethiopian, Danish, Czech, Yugoslav, and German descent. Her father is American actor Rodd Christensen. She appeared in the TV series *Balamory* as a child, alongside her only sister, Heather.

## Career
Diamond started her career as a mainstream model and posed, among others, for Louis Vuitton, American Apparel and Atsuko Kudo. She made her pornographic debut in a 2009 Burning Angel film. In that film, she was originally only supposed to perform a girl/girl scene, but, in the end, she shot two boy/girl scenes. In 2013 she posed for photographer Terry Richardson.

In 2014, Diamond was on CNBC's list of "The Dirty Dozen: Porn's Most Popular Stars". Diamond was also cast (with Jenna Haze) in an acting role in the music video for hip-hop artist B.o.B for his song *John Doe* which features Priscilla Renea. The single is from B.o.B's third album, *Underground Luxury*. She also appeared in the music video for Cheerleader by Omni in 2012.

## Awards and nominations
Diamond has been nominated for, and won, lots of awards. 

|}

## Personal life
Diamond has several tattoos, including a Phoenix on her back, which she got to cover an accidental burn. She is also well known for her distinctive shaved-on-one-side haircut; because of this, she has been featured in the column "Beauty Showdown" in the magazine *Cosmopolitan*.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Ronald Selmour

**Ronald Selmour** is a Canadian actor. He is well known for his role as Firecracker Man in ABC's *Kingdom Hospital*, Sundown in the Discovery Channel's TV miniseries *Klondike* and  The Butcher in the CW's *Arrow*.

Selmour has been involved in the performing Arts from the early years of his life. Though Profoundly religious, his father was very involved with local theatres taking him to see presentations throughout Port-au-Prince, Haiti. In the early 1980s the family made the difficult decision to let him go to Canada, stayed with his aunt while pursuing his studies. In Montreal, Quebec, there he made the acquaintance of several instrumental people in his life, teachers, professors and a mentor name Solly Levy who introduced him to the Commedia dell'arte. Ever since then, the love for the craft became the guiding light in his life.

## Other websites
*
Geopolitics

**Geopolitics** is the study of how a country's geography (location, terrain, land size, climate, soil and raw materials) affect its foreign, economic, military policy and strategy. The word *geopolitics* comes from the words "geography" and "politics". 

## Examples 
* Russia is a large country. Its land is mostly flat. This makes defending its borders (where no mountains or natural obstructions exist) a difficult task. It is expensive to build infrastructure in Russia. Its extreme climate makes poorly built roads break more often.
* The United Kingdom is a small island with a mild climate and access to warm water ports. It is easy to defend because any foreign country has to cross a body of water to attack. In addition, since it is small and warm the cost of construction is cheaper than in Russia.

## Related pages 
* Political geography

## References
Goji

**Goji**, **goji berry** or **wolfberry** is the fruit of *Lycium barbarum*  and *Lycium chinense*. These are two very closely related species of boxthorn in the family Solanaceae (which also includes the potato, tomato, eggplant, deadly nightshade, chili pepper, and tobacco). The two species are native to Asia.

## References
Alfredo Alcón

**Alfredo Félix Alcón** (; 3 March 1930 – 11 April 2014) was an Argentine theatre and movie actor. Alcón born in Buenos Aires. Widely considered one of the best, one of the most important and most acclaimed Argentine actors. 

He worked in more than 50 movies. His first movie was, *El amor nunca muere* (*Love Never Dies*), in 1955.

He died in Buenos Aires at the age of 84 from a respiratory illness.

## References
## Other websites
*
Omer Beriziky

**Jean Omer Beriziky** (born 9 September 1950) is a Malagasy politician and diplomat. He was the Prime Minister of Madagascar from 2011 to 2014. He was elected in 2011.

## References
## Other websites
*
Jesse Winchester

**James Ridout Winchester** (May 17, 1944 – April 11, 2014) known as **Jesse Winchester**, was an American musician and songwriter. He was known for being a Vietnam War activist. To avoid going to the war, he moved to Canada. He became a Canadian citizen in 1973, gained amnesty in the U.S. in 1977 and resettled there in the U.S. in 2002.

He recorded many songs with many musical artists. Some of them included Patti Page, Elvis Costello, Jimmy Buffett, Joan Baez, Anne Murray, Reba McEntire, The Everly Brothers and Emmylou Harris.

Winchester died at his home in Charlottesville, Virginia from bladder cancer, aged 69. 

## References
## Other websites
*
*radio interview at WRN
*HOTSEAT- Southern gent? Folk legend moves to town 
*Fame & Fortune: Jesse Winchester
Nandu Bhende

**Sadanand Atmaram** "**Nandu**" **Bhende** (; c. 1956 &ndash; 11 April 2014) was an Indian musician, singer-songwriter and actor. He was best known for being a member of bands such as Nandu Bhende Band, Savage Encounter, The Brief Encounter and Velvette Fogg. He performed mostly under blues, pop, rock, and soul music genres.

Bhende died from a heart attack on 11 April 2014 in Mumbai, Maharashtra.

## References
## Other websites
*
Didier Ratsiraka

Vice Admiral **Didier Ratsiraka** (4 November 1936 &ndash; 28 March 2021) was a Malagasy politician. He was the President of Madagascar from 1975 to 1993 and from 1997 to 2002. He was in exile from 2009 to 2011.

Ratsiraka died on 28 March 2021 in Antananarivo, Madagascar from cardiac arrest caused by the influenza at the age of 84.

## References
## Other websites
Hery Rajaonarimampianina

**Hery Martial Rakotoarimanana Rajaonarimampianina** (born November 6, 1958) is a Malagasy politician. He was the 5th President of Madagascar from January 2014 until his resignation in September 2018.

## References
Albert Zafy

**Albert Zafy** (1 May 1927 – 13 October 2017) was a Malagasy politician. He was the President of Madagascar from 27 March 1993 to 5 September 1996.

Zafy died on 13 October 2017 at a hospital in Saint-Pierre, Réunion in France of a stroke at the age of 90.

## References
Lapiro de Mbanga

**Lambo Sandjo Pierre Roger** (7 April 1957 &ndash; 16 March 2014), better known as **Lapiro de Mbanga**, was a Cameroonian singer. He is best known for his 1985 recording of “Pas argent no love” and for being imprisoned in 2008 after criticizing Cameroon president Paul Biya in the song “Constitution constipée” (“Constipated Constitution”). He was born in Mbanga, Southwest Region.

Mbanga died from cancer on 16 March 2014 in Buffalo, New York in the United States. He was 56 years old.

## References
Kia Forte

The **Kia Forte** is a small automobile that is built by Kia Motors. The Kia Forte has had two generations, the newest one in 2014. In some places like Costa Rica, Australia and Brazil, the Forte is known as the **Kia Cerato**, which replaces its former automobile of the same name. The automobile is known as the **Kia Cerato Forte** in Colombia and Singapore and is known as the **Naza Forte** in Naza of Malaysia where it has been assembled since 2009.

## Other websites
## Other websites
*Kia Forte on Kia.com
Perfume Genius

**Perfume Genius** is the stage name for **Mike Hadreas**. Hadreas released his first album *Learning* in 2010. *Pitchfork* gave it a score of 8.2 out of 10. In 2012 he released his second album, *Put Your Back N 2 It*.

## Personal life
Hadreas is gay. He lives in Seattle.

## References
Riina Gerretz

**Riina Gerretz** (8 July 1939 &ndash; 22 March 2014) was an Estonian pianist. She was best known for performing with artists such as Georg Ots, Tiit Kuusik, Hendrik Krumm, Ivo Kuusk, Anu Kaal, Margarita Voites, Jüri Gerretz, Ivo Juul, Yolanda Hernandez, Artur Rinne, Hannes Altrov, Pille Lill and Heidy Tamme. She worked mostly in her native Estonia as well as Finland. During her life, she had the surnames **Põder** (1939&ndash;1958),  **Villum** (1958&ndash;1961), **Mikiver** (1969&ndash;1971), **Viljanen** 1983&ndash;2002, **Gerretz** (until 2014).

Gerretz died after a long illness on 22 March 2014 in Tallinn. She was 74 years old.

## References
## Other websites
* Riina Gerretz biography
Percy Lavon Julian

**Percy Lavon Julian** (April 11, 1899 – April 19, 1975) was an American research chemist and a well known scientist in the chemical synthesis of medicinal drugs from plants. His works would lead to the invention of birth control pills. He was born in Montgomery, Alabama.

Julian died in Waukegan, Illinois from liver cancer, aged 76.

## References
La Wantzenau

**La Wantzenau** is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department, Alsace, France. It is close to Strasbourg. There are many Alsatian-style houses left in La Wantzenau. There are also modern houses.
Jerry Tarkanian

**Jerry Esther Tarkanian** (August 8, 1930–February 11, 2015), also known as "Tark the Shark", was an American college basketball coach. Tarkanian was one of the most successful coaches in college basketball history, most notably at UNLV. He was a coach for the San Antonio Spurs from 1992 to 1993.

Tarkanian was born in Euclid, Ohio. On February 11, 2015, Tarkanian died at the age of 84 in Las Vegas, where he had been hospitalized days earlier after "difficulty breathing", aged 84.

## References
Gabriel Ramanantsoa

**Gabriel Ramanantsoa** (13 April 1906 Antananarivo - 9 May 1979 Paris) was an Malagasy politician. He was the President and Prime Minister of Madagascar from 1972 to 1975.

He died in Paris from a heart attack, aged 73.

## References
Chicago Public Library

The **Chicago Public Library** (**CPL**) is the public library system that serves the City of Chicago in the U.S. state of Illinois. It has over 80 libraries in the city. The system was made in 1873.

## References
## Other websites
Chicago Public Schools

- old headquarters]]
**Chicago Public Schools** (**CPS**) is a system of public schools in the city of Chicago. It is the third largest school district in the United States. CPS reported having 681 schools including 472 elementary schools, 106 high schools, 96 charter schools, and 7 contract schools. 

## List of CEOs
## References
## Other websites
* Chicago Public Schools
Richard Lewis

**Richard Philip Lewis** (June 29, 1947 &ndash; February 27, 2024) was an American comedian and actor. He was known for his roles as Marty Gold in *Anything But Love* and as himself in *Curb Your Enthusiasm*.

Lewis was born in Brooklyn, New York. He was raised in Englewood, New Jersey. Lewis is Jewish.

In April 2023, Lewis revealed he was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. He died of a heart attack on February 27, 2024 at his home in Los Angeles, California at the age of 76.

## References
## Other websites
*
WWE Payback

**WWE Payback** is a series of professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) and livestreaming shows made by WWE. The concept of the event is the wrestlers looking for payback against their opponents.

The first event happened on June 16, 2013 at the Allstate Arena in Rosemont, Illinois and took over the slot of No Way Out. Payback then took place yearly until 2017, with that year's event being exclusive to the Raw brand. It then no longer was a yearly show, but the name was used for two events in 2020 and 2023. 

## Dates and venues 
## References 
## Other websites 
*
Vladimir Ivashko

**Vladimir Antonovich Ivashko** (Russian language: Влади́мир Анто́нович Ива́шко 28 October 1932 – 13 November 1994) was a Ukrainian politician. He was the leader of the Soviet Union for a short time. He became the leader in 1991. He ruled for five days until his political party was declared politically impotent and on 29 August 1991 when the party was banned.

Ivashko died from an "undisclosed long-illness" in Moscow, aged 62.
Sirp

***Sirp*** is the only cultural newspaper published in Estonia. It was first published on 5 October 1940. Until 2013, it was released in black and white.

## References
## Other websites
*
Philibert Tsiranana

**Philibert Tsiranana** (18 October 1912&nbsp;– 16 April 1978) was a Malagasy politician and leader. He served as the first President of Madagascar from 1959 to 1972.

## References
Pietro Ingrao

**Pietro Ingrao** (March 30, 1915 &ndash; September 27, 2015) was an Italian politician, journalist and former partisan. He had been, for many years, a senior figure in the Italian Communist Party (PCI). He served as President of the Chamber of Deputies from June 5, 1976 to July 19, 1979.

Ingrao was born in Lenola, Italy. He died on September 27, 2015 at the age of 100 in Rome.

## References
### Further reading
*

## Other websites
Boston Public Library

The **Boston Public Library** is a municipal public library in Boston, Massachusetts. It was established in 1848. This library is also called **Library for the Commonwealth**.

## References
Clovis point

antler or wooden hammer)Image courtesy of the Virginia Dept. of Historic Resources.]]

**Clovis points** are the characteristic spear-heads used by the North American Clovis culture. They date from about 13,500 years ago. They are called after the city of Clovis, New Mexico, where examples were first found in 1929.

To the right is a typical Clovis point. The length is 4–20&nbsp;cm/1.5–8 inches, width: 2.5–5&nbsp;cm/1–2&nbsp;inches. The sides are parallel to convex, and show careful pressure flaking along the blade edge. The back end of the blade and base are shaped for hafting (attaching) to a wooden spear or knife-handle. 

## References
Kingdom of Sardinia

The **Kingdom of Sardinia** was a monarchy that ruled the Italian island of Sardinia. It was established in 1324. It was given to the House of Habsburg. They were eventually forced to give it to the House of Savoy. Since the House of Savoy also ruled Piedmont, the Kingdom was sometimes referred to as **Sardinia-Piedmont**. The Savoy family ruled from 1720 till 1861 when Italy officially united itself. Under the Savoy family, the capital of the state was Turin. The territory also included the city and surrounding land of Genoa. In Italian it was known as the *Regno di Sardegna*.

The kingdom was originally made up of the islands of Corsica and Sardinia. Sovereignty over both of those was claimed by the Popes. While under Spanish rule, the state was ruled by viceroys.

## Notable monarchs
*Philip V of Spain ruled over the vast Spanish Empire including Sardinia. 
*Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia first of the House of Savoy to rule the territory.
*Victor Emmanuel II of Italy later the first king of a united Italy.
Bangladesh–Laos relations

**Bangladesh–Laos relations** refer to the bilateral relations between Bangladesh and Laos. Diplomatic relations between the two countries were officially started in 1988. Laos also supports Bangladesh getting observer status in ASEAN.

## References
Brita Koivunen

**Brita Koivunen-Einiö** (31 August 1931 &ndash; 12 April 2014) was a Finnish jazz and schlager singer. Some of her most famous songs include "Suklaasydän", "Sävel rakkauden" and "Mamma, tuo mies minua tuijottaa" all from the 1950s. She was born in Helsinki.

Koivunen died on 12 April 2014 in Helsinki, aged 82.

## References
## Other websites
* Brita Koivunen biography
Norman Girvan

**Norman P. Girvan** (1941 &ndash; 9 April 2014) was a Jamaican economist, educator, and politician. He was Secretary General of the Association of Caribbean States from 2000 until 2004. He was born in Saint Andrew Parish, Surrey County.

Girvan suffered a fall in Dominica sometime in early 2014. He died on 9 April 2014 in Cuba, aged 72.

## Related pages
*List of scientists from North America

## References
## Other websites
*
Michael Sheen

**Michael Christopher Sheen**  (born 5 February 1969) is a Welsh actor. He was first known as a stage actor and appeared in plays such as *Romeo and Juliet* (1992), ''Don't Fool With Love* (1993), *Peer Gynt* (1994), *The Seagull* (1995), *The Homecoming* (1997) and *Henry V* (1997). He soon became a screen actor and had many roles in movies such as *The American President* (1995), *The Deal* (2003), *The Queen* (2006), *Frost/Nixon* (2008), *The Twilight Saga: New Moon* (2009), *The Damned United* (2009), *Unthinkable* (2010), *Alice in Wonderland* (2010), *Tron: Legacy* (2010), *Beautiful Boy* (2010), *The Special Relationship* (2010) and *The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn &ndash; Part 2'' (2012).

Sheen was born in Newport. He was in a relationship with English actress Kate Beckinsale from 1995 until 2003. They have a daughter, Lily Mo Sheen (born 1999). In mid-2019 Sheen announced that he and his partner, Anna Lundberg, were expecting their first child together. The couple's daughter Lyra was born in 2019.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Pastaza River

The **Pastaza** (formerly known as the **Sumatara**) is a large tributary to the Marañón River in the northwestern Amazon Basin of South America. It is in Ecuador.

## References
List of Thomson MRT Line station names

The Land Transport Authority (LTA) began conducting a public consultation exercise over the internet as well as through survey forms to gather public feedback on the naming of stations for the Thomson Line. Public consultation to source names for all the stations was held from 8 January 2013 to 17 February 2013. Three names for each station were shortlisted for public voting from 23 May 2013 to 17 June 2013.

## Related pages
* List of Singapore MRT stations

## References
Pinwheel galaxy

.]]
, , ultraviolet and x-rays from four NASAs space telescopes. This view shows that both young and old stars are evenly distributed along M101s tightly-wound spiral arms.]]

The **Pinwheel galaxy** (**Messier 101**, **M101** or **NGC 5457**) is a face-on unbarred spiral galaxy in the constellation of Ursa Major, the Great Bear.

The galaxy is 21 million light-years (six megaparsecs) away from us. It was  first discovered by Pierre Méchain on March 27 1781. Charles Messier verified its position and included it in the *Messier Catalogue* as one of the last entries.

In 2006, NASA and the ESA released a very detailed image of the Pinwheel Galaxy, which was the largest and most detailed image of a galaxy by the Hubble Space Telescope at the time. The image was composed from 51 individual exposures, plus some extra ground-based photos.

## Interesting features 
On August 24 2011, a Type Ia supernova, SN 2011fe, was discovered in M101.

A remarkable property of this galaxy are its huge and extremely bright H II regions, of which about 3,000 can be seen on photographs like the Hubble image. H II regions have numbers of short-lived young and massive blue stars formed from clouds of high density molecular hydrogen. These regions give off huge amounts of ultraviolet light that ionizes the surrounding gas. 

The galaxy contains ULX-1 (an ultra-luminous X-ray source), which is a relatively small black hole, just 20 to 30 times the mass of our Sun.

## References
Pairi Daiza

**Pairi Daiza** (before **Paradisio**) is a private-owned property that has 55 hectares. It is a zoo and a botanical garden open to the public in Hainaut, Belgium. It has more than 55 acres. In this zoo there are approximately 5,000 animals. Pairi Daiza is owned by Pairi Daiza Belgium SA.

The parks has many different animal species. It also has many different activities and attractions for children.

## Related pages
* List of botanical gardens

## References
## Other websites
Michael Fabricant

**Sir Michael Louis David Fabricant** (born 12 June 1950) is a British Conservative Party politician. He was the Member of Parliament for Mid Staffordshire from 1992 to 1997. He has been the MP for Lichfield since 1997. 

## Early life
Fabricant was born in Brighton into a Jewish family. He went to Brighton Secondary Technical School.
Peter Liechti

**Peter Liechti** (8 January 1951 &ndash; 6 April 2014) was a Swiss movie director. He directed over 100 Swiss-German movies. He was nominated for many awards. 

Most of his movies were shown at the Berlin International Film Festival (BIFF). Recently, he was awarded an honorary awards at the BIFF in 2013. He was born in St. Gallen, Switzerland.

Liechti died on 6 April 2014, aged 63.

## References
Tropical Storm Thelma

**Tropical Storm Thelma** was a 1991 tropical storm. Its winds were near 45-50 mph. It killed between 5,000 and 8,000 people in the Philippines. It hit Negros Occidental, Leyte Island, and Vietnam. The storm caused also about $28 million in damage.

After this, the name *Thelma* was not used for tropical storms. It was replaced by *Teresa*.
Jos Chabert

**Jozef P. A.** "**Jos**" **Chabert** (16 March 1933 &ndash; 9 April 2014) was a Belgian politician for Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams (Christian Democratic and Flemish; CD&V). He was a Minister of State from 24 November 2009 until his death. Before this, he was a member of the Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region. He was born in Etterbeek, Brussels-Capital Region.

From 1965 to 1976 he was an alderman of Meise.

Chabert died on 9 April 2014 in Brussels, aged 81.

## References
Emilee Wallace

**Emilee Wallace** (born September 19, 1989) is an American actress.

## Career
Wallace began her acting career in 2005. She has appeared in episodes of the television series *Judging Amy* (2005), ''Grey's Anatomy* (2006), *Cold Case* (2008), *Boston Legal* (2008), *Glee* (2009, 2013), *Ghost Whisperer* (2010), *Workaholics* (2012), *Rizzoli & Isles* (2012&ndash;present). Apart from television work, she also appeared on the television movies *Company Town* (2006) and *Amish Grace* (2010), and her first feature movie *Balls Out: Gary the Tennis Coach'' (2008).

## Filmography
### Television
### Other
## Personal life
Wallace was born in Oklahoma City and raised in Edmond, Oklahoma. Her brother, BJ (born 1991), is also an actor. She went to California State University (CSU) and now lives in Los Angeles, California.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Fred Kida

**Fred Kida** (December 12, 1920 &ndash; April 3, 2014) was a Japanese-American  comic book and comic strip artist. He was best known for the 1940s aviator hero Airboy and his antagonist and sometime ally Valkyrie during the Golden Age of Comic Books. He was born in Brooklyn, New York City, New York.

Kida died from natural causes on April 3, 2014, aged 93.

## References
## Other websites
* Fred Kida  at The Comic Book Database
Apple Jacks

**Apple Jacks** is a type of breakfast cereal made by the cereal maker Kellogg's. It has the flavor of apples and cinnamon. The cereal was invented by William Thilly and was introduced in 1965 as "Apple O's". Kellogg's Apple Jacks introduced "Cinnamon Jacks", a multi-grain cinnamon flavored cereal in 2013.

## Advertising 
The first Apple Jacks mascot in the 1960s was "Apple Guy", a figure made from cutting a face onto an apple and applying a hat and pieces of cereal for eyes. 
In the late 60s the box related an "Apple Car" with pieces of cereal for wheels. This campaign retired around 6 years later in 1971.

## References
## Other websites 
*Apple Jacks  on kelloggs.com
*Cinnamon Jacks website
Harry Melling

**Harry Edward Melling** (born 13 March 1989) is an English actor. He is best known for playing Dudley Dursley in the Harry Potter films. 

## Early life
Melling was born in London. He became a member of the Millfield Theatre Youth Drama Group when he turned 9.

## Career
Melling appeared in five of the Harry Potter films as Harry Potter's cousin Dudley Dursley. After the Harry Potter films ended Melling went to Lamda drama school.

## References
## Other websites
*
Scott Walker (singer)

**Scott Walker** (born **Noel Scott Engel**; January 9, 1943 – March 22, 2019) was an American-born British singer and record producer. He was born in Hamilton, Ohio. He became famous as the lead singer of the pop group The Walker Brothers in the 1960s. After The Walkers Brothers, broke up Walker released albums on his own. Walker was signed to 4AD Records. From 1965, he lived in the United Kingdom. He was an only child. On February 25, 2009, there was a tribute concert to Walker's music in Los Angeles.

Walker died at the age of 76 in London on March 22, 2019 from cancer.

## References
Bittern

**Bitterns** are waterbirds, living mostly in freshwater sites. They are a type of heron, wading birds in the family Ardeidae. They are shorter-necked, and more secretive than other herons.  Most of them have good camouflage amongst the reeds where they make their nests.

Bitterns form a monophyletic subfamily of the herons, the Botaurinae.

Bitterns usually frequent reedbeds and similar marshy areas, and feed on amphibians, reptiles, insects, and fish. Unlike the similar storks, ibises, and spoonbills, herons and bitterns fly with their necks retracted, not outstretched.

They were called *hæferblæte* in Old English; the word "bittern" came to English from Old French.

Bitterns are in three genera. The genus *Ixobrychus* contains mainly small species. The genus *Botaurus* has the larger bitterns. There is a single species in a third genus, *Zebrilus*. The distribution of bitterns is pretty much worldwide.

## References
Fred Ho

**Fred Ho** (; born **Fred Wei-han Houn**; August 10, 1957 &ndash; April 12, 2014) was an American jazz baritone saxophonist, composer, bandleader, playwright, writer, and social activist. He was known for his place in the African-American and Asian-American music movement. He was born in Palo Alto, California.

Ho died of colorectal cancer at his home in Brooklyn, New York City. He was 56.

## References
## Other websites
*
Alton Towers

**Alton Towers** is a theme park in Staffordshire, England. It is near the town Alton.

It has seven large roller coasters and three smaller roller coasters.

Theme: Escapism or escaping normal life

## Roller coasters
*Galactica - riders fly under the track. First flying roller coaster built by Bolliger & Mabillard.
*Nemesis - riders sit under the track.
*Oblivion - first vertical drop roller coaster [ 87 degrees drop ]
*Rita - 61 mph launched roller coaster.
*The Smiler - first roller coaster that turns riders upside down 14 times.
*Thirteen - riders travel forwards and  backwards., and also has the first free fall drop.
*Wickerman  - wooden roller coaster with fire effects.

## Other websites
*
*
*
Fine Wind, Clear Morning

***Fine Wind, Clear Morning*** (also known as **South Wind, Clear Sky** and **Red Fuji**) is a woodblock print made by Hokusai. 

The art work was printed somewhere between 1830 and 1832 which was during the Edo period. It is the second print in the series, Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji. It shows that in early autumn when the wind is southerly and when the sky is clear, the rising sun can turn Mount Fuji red.

## References 
## Other websites
*Fine Wind, Clear Morning on the Indianapolis Museum of Art website
*Fine Wind, Clear Morning  on the British Museum website
Hockey Night in Canada

***Hockey Night in Canada*** is a branding that is used for presentations of the National Hockey League (NHL) by CBC Sports. It started in 1931 on the CNR Radio network. It debuted on television on October 11, 1952. It has different segments during intermissions and between games including Don Cherry's ''Coach's Corner''. 

On November 26, 2013, it was announced by the NHL that they had reached a 12-year, $5.2 billion deal with Rogers Communications for exclusive television and digital rights to all their national NHL broadcasts starting at the beginning of the 2014-15 season.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
* 
*
Scott Putesky

**Scott Mitchell Putesky** (April 28, 1968 &ndash; October 22, 2017), more famously known as **Daisy Berkowitz**, was an American musician. He was the guitarist for Marilyn Manson until 1996.

Putesky met Brian Warner at a party in 1989. They started Marilyn Manson & the Spooky Kids. He left the band on May 8, 1996.

In March 2013, he  joined with THEE PAUSE, to form "The Daisy Kids".

## Death
Putseky was diagnosed with stage-four colorectal cancer in September 2013. He started chemotherapy that month.

## References
Palaeoclimatology

**Palaeoclimatology** (or **paleoclimatology**) is the study of changes in climate over paleontology or the entire history of Earth. Modern interest in climate change has caused a great increase in the climates of the past.

The climates of the past can only be studied by proxy. Data comes from studying rocks, sediments, ice and tree rings, corals, shells and microfossils. These records are used to work out the past states of the Earth's climate and its atmospheric system.

Studies of past changes in the life and ecosystems of the past may throw a light on the present. An example is the effect of climate on mass extinctions and the recovery of life after those extinctions.

## Notable climate events in Earth history 
Knowledge of precise climatic events decreases as the record goes further back in time. Some notable climate events:
* Faint young Sun 
* Huronian glaciation (~2400 mya Earth completely covered in ice probably due to Great Oxygenation Event)
* Later Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth (~600 mya, precursor to the Cambrian Explosion)
* Carboniferous rainforest collapse (~300 mya)
* Permian–Triassic extinction event (251.4 mya)
* Oceanic Anoxic Events (~120 mya, 93 mya, and others)
* Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event ( mya)
* Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum (Paleocene–Eocene, 55mya)
* Younger Dryas/The Big Freeze (~11 kya)
* Holocene climatic optimum (~7-3 kya)
* Climate changes of 535–536 AD
* Medieval warm period (900–1300)
* Little ice age (1300–1800)

## References
Ground tissue

**Ground tissue** is the name for a number of different kinds of tissue of plants. These kinds are usually classified by looking at the cell walls. There are three different main kinds:
***Parenchyma** cells have thin primary walls and usually remain alive after they become mature. Parenchyma forms the "filler" tissue in the soft parts of plants. 
***Collenchyma** cells have thin primary walls with some areas of secondary thickening. Collenchyma provides extra structural support, particularly in regions of new growth. 
***Sclerenchyma** cells have thick lignified secondary walls and often die when mature. Sclerenchyma provides the main structural support to a plant.

File:Strahlparenchym Picea abies.jpg|Parenchyma tissue
File:Plant cell type collenchyma.png|Collenchyma tissue
File:Plant cell type sclerenchyma fibers.png|Sclerenchyma tissue
Rolf Brem

**Rolf Brem** (12 February 1926 &ndash; 11 April 2014) was a Swiss graphic artist. He was best known as a draftsman, sculptor and illustrator. Many of his sculptures are on display all over Switzerland in public and art galleries. He was born in Lucerne.

Brem died on 11 April 2014 in Meggen, Canton of Lucerne, aged 88.

## References
## Other websites
*
Wall Street (1987 movie)

***Wall Street*** is a 1987 American crime drama movie directed by Oliver Stone. It stars Michael Douglas, Charlie Sheen, Daryl Hannah, Martin Sheen, Eli Wallach, Terence Stamp, and Hal Holbrook. It was released on December 11, 1987 to very positive reviews.

It was followed by a sequel, Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps.

## Other websites 
*
The Fog

***The Fog*** is a 1980 American horror movie directed by John Carpenter. It is set in California. It stars Adrienne Barbeau, Jamie Lee Curtis, Tom Atkins, Janet Leigh, and Hal Holbrook. It was released to positive reviews on February 1, 1980.

A remake was made in 2005. 

## Other websites 
*
Magnum Force

***Magnum Force*** is a 1973 American action movie directed by Ted Post. It stars Clint Eastwood, Hal Holbrook, and Mitchell Ryan. It is the first sequel to *Dirty Harry*. It was released to positive reviews on December 25, 1973.

## Other websites 
*
McLemoresville, Tennessee

**McLemoresville** is a small town in Carroll County, Tennessee. It has the population of 288. 

## Notable people 
Actress Dixie Carter was born here.
Denison University

**Denison University** is a university in Granville, Ohio. It is a liberal arts college. It is Ohio's second oldest liberal arts colleges. It was founded in 1831.  

## References
The History Boys

***The History Boys*** is a play by Alan Bennett. It was first shown on 18 May 2004 in London at the Royal National Theatre. It was first shown on Broadway on 23 April 2006 at the Broadhurst Theatre.

## Plot
The play starts in Cutlers' Grammar School in Sheffield. It is set in the early 1980s.
Barry Corbin

**Leonard Barrie Corbin**, known as **Barry Corbin** (born October 16, 1940), is an American actor. He is known for his roles in *Northern Exposure*, *Lonesome Dove*, *WarGames*, *One Tree Hill*, and in *Anger Management*.

Corbin was born in Lamesa, Texas.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*
*
William Russell

**William Russell Enoch** (19 November 1924 &ndash; 3 June 2024), better known as **William Russell**, was an English actor. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. He was best known for the role as Ian Chesterton in *Doctor Who*. He also had several movie roles such as in *The Man Who Never Was* (1956), *The Great Escape* (1963) and *Superman* (1978). His son, Alfred Enoch, is also an actor.

Russell died on 3 June 2024 from pneumonia, at the age of 99.

## References
## Other websites
*
Ernesto Laclau

**Ernesto Laclau** (; 6 October 1935 – 13 April 2014) was an Argentine political theorist. He was a post-Marxist. His career began in 1986 as a professor at the University of Essex. He was born in Buenos Aires.

Laclau died of a heart attack in Seville, Spain, aged 78.

## References
Harvey Pekar

**Harvey Lawrence Pekar** (; October 8, 1939 – July 12, 2010) was an American comic book writer, music critic and media personality. He is best known for his autobiographical *American Splendor* comic series. 

In 2003, the series inspired a well-received movie version of the same name.

Pekar was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He suffered from prostate cancer and clinical depression. He died in Cleveland Heights, Ohio from an accidental overdose of antidepressants fluoxetine and bupropion, aged 70.

## References
## Other websites
Jelly bean

jelly beans]]
**Jelly beans** or **jellybeans** are a bean-shaped candy. They have a gel inside in a soft candy shell. They can come in many different flavors. They were created by William Schrafft and were first introduced in 1861. Schrafft wanted people to send the jelly beans that he made to soldiers during the American Civil War. 

## History 
Historians today believe that jelly beans were first linked with the celebration of Easter in the United States during the 1930s. There are different brands of jelly beans, but the main brand is Jelly Belly. Jelly Beans come in a variety of different flavours. They are chewy candies that are small and gooey. There are also Beanboozled jelly beans which are Jelly Beans with varying flavours. An average jellybean is  x  x  and weighs .

## References
Tax Reform Act of 1986

signs the Tax Reform Act of 1986 on the South Lawn.]]
The U.S. Congress passed the **Tax Reform Act of 1986** (TRA) to simplify the income tax code, broaden the tax base and take away many tax shelters and other preferences. It was part of a set of bills known as the "Reagan tax cuts".
Reagan's Neshoba County Fair "states' rights" speech

'''States' rights''' was a speech made by President Ronald Reagan in 1980. It happened in a county fair in Philadelphia, Mississippi. 

This is what Reagan said:

Reagan's speech was controversial.

## Other websites
* Recording of Reagan's speech. 

## References
An American Life

***An American Life*** is the 1990 autobiography by former American President Ronald Reagan. It was released almost two years after Reagan left office. The book reached number eight on *The New York Times Best Seller list*.

## References