January 24

## Events
### Up to 1900 
* 41 &ndash; Roman Emperor Gaius Caesar (Caligula), known for his eccentricity and cruel despotism, was assassinated by his disgruntled Praetorian Guards.
* 1438 &ndash; Pope Eugenius IV was suspended by the Council of Basel.
* 1458 &ndash; Matthias I Corvinus becomes king of Hungary.
* 1521 &ndash; Ferdinand Magellan reaches the Puka-Puka Islands in the Tuamotu Archipelago, Polynesia, South Pacific Ocean.
* 1624 &ndash; Alfonso Mendez, appointed by Pope Gregory XV as Prelate of Ethiopia, arrives at Massawa from Goa.
* 1679 &ndash; King Charles II of England disbands Parliament.
* 1742 &ndash; Charles VII Albert becomes Holy Roman Emperor.
* 1758 &ndash; Seven Years' War: The leading burghers of Konigsberg (now Kaliningrad) submit to Elizabeth of Russia, forming Russian Prussia (until 1763).
* 1772 &ndash; France takes control of the Crozet Islands in the Indian Ocean.
* 1817 &ndash; Crossing of the Andes: Many soldiers of Juan Gregorio de las Heras are captured in the Action Pichenta.
* 1835 &ndash; Slaves in Salvador da Bahia, Brazil, stage a revolt which is instrumental in ending slavery there 50 years later.
* 1848 &ndash; California gold rush: James W. Marshall finds gold at Sutter's Mill near Sacramento.
* 1857 &ndash; The University of Calcutta is founded.
* 1862 &ndash; Bucharest becomes the capital city of Romania.
* 1888 &ndash; Jacob L. Wortman patents the typewriter ribbon.

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1908 &ndash; Robert Baden-Powell begins the Boy Scout movement.
* 1916 &ndash; In Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad, the Supreme Court of the United States declares the federal income tax constitutional.
* 1918 &ndash; A decree of the Council of People's Commissars, introducing the Gregorian calendar in Russia from February 1, issued
* 1922 &ndash; Christian K. Nelson patents the Eskimo Pie.
* 1924 &ndash; St. Petersburg, Russia is renamed Leningrad.
* 1927 &ndash; Young director Alfred Hitchcock releases his first movie, *The Pleasure Garden*, in England.
* 1936 &ndash; Albert Sarraut becomes Prime Minister of France.
* 1939 &ndash; Chillan, in Chile, is hit by a deadly earthquake.
* 1942 &ndash; World War II: The Allies bomb Bangkok, leading to Thailand declaring war on the United Kingdom and United States.
* 1943 &ndash; World War II: Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill conclude a conference in Casablanca.
* 1945 &ndash; Auschwitz concentration camp in Poland is liberated by Soviet troops.
* 1946 &ndash; The United Nations General Assembly passes its first resolution to establish the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission.
* 1947 &ndash; Dimitrios Maximos becomes Prime Minister of Greece.
* 1952 &ndash; Vincent Massey sworn in as first Canada–born Governor-General of Canada.
* 1960 &ndash; Algerian War: Some units of European volunteers in Algiers stage an insurrection known as "barricades week", during which they seize government buildings and clash with local police.
* 1961 &ndash; A bomber carrying two hydrogen bombs breaks up in mid-air over North Carolina.
* 1962 &ndash; Brian Epstein signs to manage The Beatles.
* 1962 &ndash; 28 people manage to escape from East Berlin to West Berlin through a tunnel.
* 1966 &ndash; An Air India Boeing 707 jet crashes on Mont Blanc, on the border between France and Italy, killing 117
* 1972 &ndash; Shoichi Yokoi, a Japanese soldier, is discovered on Guam, where he was hiding in a cave since 1944.
* 1976 &ndash; An earthquake kills 3,850 people in Turkey.
* 1977 &ndash; Massacre of Atochi in Madrid.
* 1978 &ndash; Soviet satellite Cosmos 954, with nuclear weapons on board, burns up in Earth's atmosphere, scattering radioactive debris over Canada's Northwest Territories.
* 1982 &ndash; Super Bowl XVI: San Francisco 49ers defeat the Cincinnati Bengals, 26–21 in the first Super Bowl played north of the Mason-Dixon line
* 1984 &ndash; The first Apple Macintosh goes on sale.
* 1986 &ndash; Voyager 2 passes within 50,679 miles of Uranus.
* 1987 &ndash; In Lebanon, gunmen kidnap Alann Steen, Jesse Turner, Robert Polhill and Mitheleshwar Singh.
* 1989 &ndash; Serial killer Ted Bundy is executed in Florida's electric chair.
* 1990 &ndash; Japan launches Hiten, its first lunar probe.
* 1993 &ndash; Turkish journalist and writer Ugur Mumcu is killed by a car bomb in Ankara.
* 1995 &ndash; The prosecution delivers its opening statement in the O. J. Simpson murder trial.
* 1996 &ndash; Polish Premier Jozef Oleksy resigns amid charges he spied for Moscow.

### From 2001 
* 2001 &ndash; The last two of the Texas 7 are taken into custody in Colorado Springs, Colorado.
* 2002 &ndash; Enron congressional hearings begin.
* 2002 &ndash; Terrorist suspect John Walker Lindh's hearing begins.
* 2002 &ndash; The United States Department of Justice indicts Robert Nicholas Angleton for conspiring to murder his wife, Doris Angleton, along with his brother Roger.
* 2003 &ndash; The United States Department of Homeland Security officially begins operation.
* 2009 &ndash; The storm Klaus makes landfall in Bordeaux, France, on the way to causing large destruction and 26 deaths.
* 2011 &ndash; A bombing at Domodedovo Airport in Moscow kills 35 people.
* 2015 &ndash; An attack by Russian-backed rebels in Mariupol, Eastern Ukraine, kills at least 20 people.
* 2018 &ndash; Scientists in the People's Republic of China report in the journal "Cell" that the first monkey clones have been created.
* 2024 (Wednesday) &ndash; The UniTeam decides to throw the first ever general practice for their upcoming dance competition this year on October 18, 2024 (Friday)

## Births
### Up to 1900 
* 76 &ndash; Hadrian, Roman Emperor (d. 138)
* 1444 &ndash; Galeazzo Maria Sforza, Duke of Milan (d. 1476)
* 1540 &ndash; Edmund Campion, English priest and martyr (d. 1581)
* 1679 &ndash; Christian Wolff, German philosopher (d. 1754)
* 1705 &ndash; Farinelli, Italian singer (d. 1782)
* 1712 &ndash; Frederick II of Prussia (d. 1786)
* 1724 &ndash; Frances Brooke, English writer (d. 1789)
* 1732 &ndash; Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais, French playwright (d. 1799)
* 1742 &ndash; Anne, Duchess of Cumberland and Strathearn (d. 1808)
* 1746 &ndash; King Gustav III of Sweden (d. 1792)
* 1749 &ndash; Charles James Fox, British politician (d. 1806)
* 1752 &ndash; Muzio Clementi, Italian composer (d. 1832)
* 1776 &ndash; E. T. A. Hoffmann, German writer (d. 1822)
* 1778 &ndash; Ferdinand, Duke of Berry, French Prince (d. 1820)
* 1779 &ndash; Tsarina Elizabeth Alexeievna of Russia (d. 1826)
* 1792 &ndash; Friedrich Wilhelm, Count Brandenburg, Prussian statesman (d. 1850)
* 1816 &ndash; Coles Bashford, Governor of Wisconsin (d. 1878)
* 1828 &ndash; Ferdinand Cohn, German botanist and microbiologist (d. 1898)
* 1848 &ndash; Vasily Surikov, Russian painter (d. 1916)
* 1850 &ndash; Hermann Ebbinghaus, German psychologist (d. 1909)
* 1862 &ndash; Edith Wharton, American writer (d. 1937)
* 1864 &ndash; Marguerite Durand, French Women's rights activist (d. 1936)
* 1866 &ndash; Jaan Poskal, Estonian lawyer, diplomat and politician (d. 1920)
* 1872 &ndash; Konstantin Bogaevsky, Russian painter (d. 1943)
* 1872 &ndash; Ethel Turner, Australian writer (d. 1958)
* 1872 &ndash; Morris William Travers, English chemist (d. 1961)
* 1886 &ndash; Henry King, American movie director (d. 1982)
* 1888 &ndash; Ernst Heinkel, German aircraft designer (d. 1958)
* 1888 &ndash; Vicki Baum, Austrian writer (d. 1960)
* 1891 &ndash; Walter Model, German field marshal (d. 1945)
* 1895 &ndash; Eugen Roth, German writer (d. 1976)
* 1900 &ndash; Theodosius Dobzhansky, Ukrainian-born American geneticist and biologist (d. 1975)

### 1901 &ndash; 1950 
* 1901 &ndash; A. M. Cassandre, Ukrainian-born French artist (d. 1968)
* 1901 &ndash; Mikhail Romm, Soviet-Russian film director (d. 1971)
* 1907 &ndash; Maurice Couve de Murville, Prime Minister of France (d. 1999)
* 1910 &ndash; Doris Haddock (Granny D), American political activist (d. 2010)
* 1913 &ndash; Norman Dello Joio, American composer (d. 2008)
* 1915 &ndash; Robert Motherwell, American painter (d. 1991)
* 1916 &ndash; Arnoldo Foa, Italian actor and director (d. 2014)
* 1916 &ndash; Rafael Caldera, President of Venezuela (d. 2009)
* 1916 &ndash; Gene Mako, Hungarian-American tennis player (d. 2013)
* 1917 &ndash; Ernest Borgnine, American actor (d. 2012)
* 1918 &ndash; Oral Roberts, American evangelist (d. 2009)
* 1920 &ndash; Jerry Maren, American actor
* 1922 &ndash; Daniel Boulanger, French actor and screenwriter (d. 2014)
* 1925 &ndash; Gus Mortson, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2015)
* 1925 &ndash; Maria Tallchief, American ballerina (d. 2013)
* 1926 &ndash; Georges Lautner, French movie director and screenwriter (d. 2013)
* 1928 &ndash; Desmond Morris, British zoologist, publicist and artist
* 1928 &ndash; Michel Serrault, French actor (d. 2007)
* 1931 &ndash; Lars Hörmander, Swedish mathematician (d. 2012)
* 1935 &ndash; Bamber Gascoigne, British actor and broadcaster
* 1940 &ndash; Joachim Gauck, German pastor, activist, publicist and former President of Germany
* 1941 &ndash; Neil Diamond, American singer and songwriter
* 1941 &ndash; Dan Shechtman, Israeli scientist and winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
* 1941 &ndash; Aaron Neville, American musician
* 1942 &ndash; Gary Hart, American wrestler and manager (d. 2008)
* 1943 &ndash; Subhash Ghai, Indian director, screenwriter and politician
* 1943 &ndash; Peter Struck, German politician (d. 2012)
* 1943 &ndash; Sharon Tate, American actress (d. 1969)
* 1944 &ndash; Klaus Nomi, German singer (d. 1983)
* 1945 &ndash; John Garamendi, American politician
* 1947 &ndash; Masashi Ozaki, Japanese golfer
* 1947 &ndash; Michio Kaku, American theoretical physicist
* 1947 &ndash; Giorgio Chinaglia, Italian footballer (d. 2012)
* 1948 &ndash; Michael Des Barres, British actor and singer
* 1949 &ndash; John Belushi, American actor (d. 1982)
* 1950 &ndash; Gennifer Flowers, American actress

### 1951 &ndash; 1975 
* 1951 &ndash; Mike Thompson, American politician
* 1952 &ndash; Raymond Domenech, French football coach
* 1953 &ndash; Moon Jae-in, South Korean lawyer and President of South Korea
* 1953 &ndash; Matthew Wilder, American singer-songwriter
* 1955 &ndash; Jim Montgomery, American swimmer
* 1957 &ndash; Mark Eaton, American basketball player
* 1957 &ndash; Adrian Edmondson, English comedian
* 1958 &ndash; Jools Holland, English pianist, bandleader and television presenter
* 1959 &ndash; Vic Reeves, English comedian
* 1959 &ndash; Michel Preud'Homme, Belgian footballer
* 1961 &ndash; Guido Buchwald, German footballer
* 1961 &ndash; Natassja Kinski, German-born actress
* 1965 &ndash; Andreu Buenafuerte, Spanish humorist
* 1966 &ndash; Shaun Donovan, American politician
* 1966 &ndash; Julie Dreyfus, French actress
* 1968 &ndash; Mary Lou Retton, American gymnast
* 1971 &ndash; Cory Bailey, American baseball player

### From 1976 
* 1976 &ndash; Shae-Lynn Bourne, Canadian ice dancer
* 1976 &ndash; Cindy Pieters, Belgian cyclist
* 1977 &ndash; Kensuke Kita, Japanese guitarist
* 1977 &ndash; Michelle Hunziker, Swiss television presenter, singer and model
* 1978 &ndash; Kristen Schaal, American actress
* 1979 &ndash; Tatyana Ali, American actress and singer
* 1979 &ndash; Nik Wallenda, American acrobat and daredevil
* 1979 &ndash; Leandro Desabato, Argentine footballer
* 1980 &ndash; Rebecca Romero, English track cyclist and rower
* 1980 &ndash; Nicole Marie Lenz, American actress
* 1981 &ndash; Michael Wolf, German ice hockey player
* 1981 &ndash; Travis Hanson, American baseball player
* 1982 &ndash; Claudia Heill, Austrian judoka (d. 2011)
* 1983 &ndash; Shaun Maloney, Scottish footballer
* 1983 &ndash; Scott Speed, American racing driver
* 1983 &ndash; Diane Birch, American singer-songwriter and pianist
* 1983 &ndash; Davide Blondini, Italian footballer
* 1984 &ndash; Scott Kazmir, American baseball player
* 1984 &ndash; Wietold Kieltyka, Polish drummer (d. 2007)
* 1986 &ndash; Mischa Barton, English-born actress
* 1986 &ndash; Michael Kightly, English footballer
* 1987 &ndash; Wayne Hennessey, Welsh footballer
* 1987 &ndash; Luis Suarez, Uruguayan footballer
* 1988 &ndash; DaJuan Summers, American basketball player
* 1988 &ndash; Jade Ewen, English singer
* 1989 &ndash; Ki Sung-Yueng, South Korean footballer
* 1989 &ndash; Samba Diakité, Malian footballer
* 1989 &ndash; Calvin Goldspink, English actor and singer
* 1989 &ndash; Gong Lijiao, Chinese shot putter
* 1990 &ndash; Mao Abe, Japanese singer-songwriter
* 1992 &ndash; Becky Downie, British gymnast
* 1993 &ndash; Tanja Frank, Austrian sailor
* 1995 &ndash; Callan McAuliffe, Australian actor
* 1997 &ndash; Dylan Riley Snyder, American actor, singer and dancer
* 2012 &ndash; Princess Athena of Denmark

## Deaths
### Up to 1900 
* 41 &ndash; Caligula, Roman Emperor (b. 12)
* 772 &ndash; Pope Stephen III (b. 721)
* 817 &ndash; Pope Stephen IV (b. 770)
* 863 &ndash; Charles of Provence (b. 845)
* 1002 &ndash; Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 980)
* 1125 &ndash; King David IV of Georgia (b. 1073)
* 1349 &ndash; Luchino Visconti, Regent of Milan (b. 1287)
* 1366 &ndash; Alfonso IV of Aragon (b. 1299)
* 1595 &ndash; Ferdinand II of Austria (b. 1529)
* 1813 &ndash; Theodore Sedgwick, American politician (b. 1746)
* 1861 &ndash; Robert P. Letcher, American politician, Governor of Kentucky (b. 1788)
* 1877 &ndash; Johann Christian Poggendorff, German physicist (b. 1796)
* 1879 &ndash; Heinrich Geissler, inventor (b. 1815)
* 1882 &ndash; Levi Boone, Mayor of Chicago (b. 1808)
* 1895 &ndash; Lord Randolph Churchill, British politician (b. 1849)

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1911 &ndash; David Graham Phillips, American journalist and novelist (b. 1867)
* 1918 &ndash; George Arthur Crump, American architect (b. 1871)
* 1919 &ndash; Ismail Qemali, 1st Prime Minister of Albania (b. 1844)
* 1920 &ndash; Amedeo Modigliani, Italian painter and sculptor (b. 1884)
* 1924 &ndash; Marie-Adelaide, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (b. 1894)
* 1924 &ndash; Anna Bayerova, Czech physician (b. 1853)
* 1930 &ndash; Rebecca Latimer Felton, American politician (b. 1835)
* 1937 &ndash; Andrew J. Montague, Governor of Virginia (b. 1862)
* 1939 &ndash; Maximilian Bircher-Benner, Swiss physician (b. 1867)
* 1948 &ndash; Maria Mandl, Austrian concentration camp overseer and convicted Nazi war criminal (b. 1912)
* 1955 &ndash; Henry Potter, American golfer (b. 1881)
* 1955 &ndash; Ira Hayes, American marine (b. 1923)
* 1960 &ndash; Edwin Fischer, Swiss pianist and conductor (b. 1886)
* 1961 &ndash; Alfred Carlton Gilbert, American pole vaulter and inventor (b. 1884)
* 1962 &ndash; Ahmet Hamdi Tanpinar, Turkish writer (b. 1901)
* 1965 &ndash; Winston Churchill, British statesman, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1874)
* 1969 &ndash; King Saud of Saudi Arabia (b. 1902)
* 1971 &ndash; Bill W., American activist, co-founder of Alcoholics Anonymous (b. 1895) 
* 1980 &ndash; Lil Dagover, Dutch-German actress (b. 1887)
* 1982 &ndash; Alfredo Ovando Candia, 56th President of Bolivia (b. 1918)
* 1986 &ndash; Gordon MacRae, American actor and singer (b. 1921)
* 1986 &ndash; L. Ron Hubbard, American writer and founder of Scientology (b. 1911)
* 1988 &ndash; Werner Fenchel, German mathematician (b. 1905)
* 1989 &ndash; Ted Bundy, American serial killer (b. 1946)
* 1992 &ndash; Ken Darby, American composer and conductor (b. 1909)
* 1993 &ndash; Thurgood Marshall, United States Supreme Court Justice (b. 1908)
* 1993 &ndash; Ugur Mumcu, Turkish journalist and writer (b. 1942)

### From 2001 
* 2003 &ndash; Gianni Agnelli, Italian businessman and auto executive (b. 1921)
* 2004 &ndash; Leonidas da Silva, Brazilian footballer (b. 1913)
* 2006 &ndash; Chris Penn, American actor (b. 1965)
* 2007 &ndash; Emiliano Mercado del Toro, Puerto Rican supercentenarian (b. 1891)
* 2009 &ndash; Kay Yow, American basketball coach (b. 1942)
* 2011 &ndash; Bhimsen Joshi, Indian musician (b. 1922)
* 2011 &ndash; Bernd Eichinger, German movie director and producer (b. 1949)
* 2012 &ndash; Theodoros Angelopoulos, Greek movie director and screenwriter (b. 1935)
* 2012 &ndash; James Farentino, American actor (b. 1938)
* 2012 &ndash; J. Joseph Garrahy, Governor of Rhode Island (b. 1930)
* 2014 &ndash; Shulamit Aloni, Israeli politician (b. 1928)
* 2015 &ndash; Otto Carius, German World War II tank commander (b. 1922)
* 2015 &ndash; Johan Ferner, Norwegian sailor (b. 1927)
* 2015 &ndash; Toller Cranston, Canadian figure skater (b. 1949)
* 2015 &ndash; Link Byfield, Canadian conservative columnist, politician and publisher (b. 1951)
* 2015 &ndash; Joe Franklin, American television and radio host (b. 1926)
* 2015 &ndash; Julio Canessa, Chilean diplomat and general (b. 1925)
* 2015 &ndash; Frances Lennon, British artist (b. 1912)
* 2016 &ndash; Jimmy Bain, Scottish musician (b. 1947)
* 2016 &ndash; Fredrik Barth, Norwegian social anthropologist (b. 1928)
* 2016 &ndash; Forouzan, Iranian actress (b. 1937)
* 2016 &ndash; Marvin Minsky, American scientist (b. 1927)
* 2016 &ndash; Henry Worsley, English adventurer (b. 1960)
* 2017 &ndash; Fred André, Dutch footballer (b. 1941)
* 2017 &ndash; Chuck Canfield, American businessman and politician (b. 1932)
* 2017 &ndash; Carlos Verdejo, Chilean footballer (b. 1934)
* 2017 &ndash; Chuck Weyant, American racing driver (b. 1923)
* 2017 &ndash; Butch Trucks, American drummer (b. 1947)
* 2017 &ndash; Robert Folsom, American politician (b. 1927)
* 2017 &ndash; Gil Ray, American drummer (b. 1956)
* 2018 &ndash; Marcos Carvajal, Venezuelan baseball player (b. 1984)
* 2018 &ndash; Gonzalo Facio Segreda, Costa Rican politician (b. 1918)
* 2018 &ndash; Renaud Gagneux, French composer (b. 1947)
* 2018 &ndash; Jack Ketchum, American novelist and screenwriter (b. 1946)
* 2018 &ndash; Mark E. Smith, English singer-songwriter (b. 1957)

## Observances 
* Feast Day of Our Lady of Peace (Roman Catholicism)
* Unification Day (Romania)