open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Shyla Stylez

**Amanda Friedland** (September 23, 1982 – November 9, 2017), better known by her stage name **Shyla Stylez**, was a Canadian pornographic actress. She was born in Armstrong, British Columbia. She started as a stripper and a webcam model.

Friedland was of European-Canadian descent.

She was known for her works in *My Plaything: Shyla Stylez* and *Pirates II*. In 2010, she was named by *Maxim* as one of the 12 top female stars in porn. In 2005, she temporarily left the adult industry. She returned to pornography in 2006.

From 2002 through 2003, Stylez was married to Bob Friedland.

Stylez was found dead at her home in Armstrong, British Columbia on November 9, 2017 at the age of 35.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Sophia (robot)

, 2018.]]
**Sophia** is a human-like robot. Sophia was developed by Hong Kong-based company Hanson Robotics. The robot has been designed to learn and adapt to human behavior and work with humans. Sopia has also been interviewed around the world. In October 2017, Sophia became a citizen of Saudi Arabia. In 2024, Sophia delivered the first University commencement speech at D'Youville University. This means Sophia is the first robot to receive citizenship of a country. The robot is designed to look like British actress Audrey Hepburn (1929–1993).

## References
## Other websites
*
Daqing

**Daqing** (; used to be romanized as **Taching**) is a city in Heilongjiang province, China. Daqing is a prefecture-level city, which means it ranks below a province and above a county. The city is called the "Oil Capital of China" because oil was discovered at the Daqing Oil Field in 1959. It is one of China's most well-known places because of this.

The population of Daqing was 2,963,458 in 2010. Close to 1,400,000 people lived in the urban parts of town.

In 1959, oil was found in the Daqing Oil Field. It stopped the oil shortage in China. It was the largest oil field in the 1960s to the 1980s. It has 48 oil and gas fields. In 1960, the oil field began production. Over the next 50 years, the oil field produced over 50 million tons of oil. It has produced more than 40% of China's oil exports.

In 1959, a town close to the Daqing Oil Field was created. It was to house workers and to help companies and industries use the resources. In 1960, another city was created nearby, named Anda City. This city controlled the Daqing Oil Field area. The town grew too large eventually and became a special administrative region. In 1979, the city was renamed Daqing, after the oil field.

In the 1960s, Mao Zedong said the slogan "In industry, learn from Daqing". It meant that Daqing was very important for the Chinese industry. Daqing oil workers set an example for how cities in China should be.

Daqing has protested the Chinese government sometimes. In 2002, close to 100,000 oil workers from Daqing and Liaoyang gathered to protest how the government handled money and paid them. In 2017, there were plans to build an aluminum plant in Daqing. Thousands of people protested against the plans.

## Geography
Daqing is in the Songnen Plain, in a flat area. It has an average elevation of . The city is  southeast of Harbin and  northwest of Qiqihar.

## Economy
Daqing's economy is mainly based on oil and petroleum. There are lots of major pipelines that transport oil to and from the rest of China and Russia. In 2013, Russia agreed to send oil to China. That oil will be going through the pipeline to Daqing. Close to 60% of the gross domestic product (GDP) was because of petroleum and oil exports. Daqing had a GDP of 298 billion renminbi in 2015.

Daqing exports over 10 million tonnes of oil each year. Wax, tar, and benzene were also exported to countries including the United States. The main exports are oil and gas, construction materials, food, and furniture.

## Transportation
Daqing is a major railway stop in Heilongjiang. It connects two major railways, the Harbin-Manzhouli Railway and the Tongliao-Ranghulu Railway. It also has three major railway stations. Daqing also has an airport, the Daqing Sartu Airport. It opened on 1 September 2009. It has flights to large cities like Beijing, Guangzhou, and Shanghai. Daqing is linked to the Chinese highway network through the G45 Daqing-Guangzhou Expressway and the G10 Suifenhe-Manzhouli Expressway.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website (archived)
Nellie Bly

**Elizabeth Cochrane Seaman** (born **Elizabeth Jane Cochran**; May 5, 1864 – January 27, 1922), better known by her pen name **Nellie Bly**, was an American journalist, novelist and inventor. She was a newspaper reporter, who worked at various jobs for exposing poor working conditions. Nellie Bly, also, fought for women's right and was known for investigative reporting. She best known for her record-breaking trip around the world in 72 days, inspired by the adventure novel *Around the World in Eighty Days* by Jules Verne. In the 1880s, she went undercover as a mentally ill patient in a psychiatric hospital for ten days, with the report being made public in a book called "*Ten Days in a Mad-House*". She was added to the National Women's Hall of Fame in 1998.

Bly was born in Cochran's Mills, Pennsylvania. She married industrialist Robert Seaman in 1895. After his death in 1904, Bly took over his company.

Bly died of pneumonia on January 27, 1922 in New York City. She was 57.

## References
## Other websites
* Nellie Bly Online
Valery Rozov

**Valery Rozov** (December 26, 1964 – November 11, 2017) was a Russian BASE jumper. He was born in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.

On May 5, 2013, Rozov set a world record when he jumped off Changtse (the north peak of the Mount Everest massif) from a height of 7,220 metres (23,690&nbsp;ft). He glided down to the Rongbuk glacier more than 1,000 meters below.

Rozov died on 11 November 2017 while jumping from a height of 6,812 meters (22,349&nbsp;ft) off Ama Dablam mountain in Nepal at the age of 52.

## References
Ian Wachtmeister

Count **Ian Melcher Shering Wachtmeister af Johannishus** (; 24 December 1932 – 11 November 2017) was a Swedish businessman and politician. He was a member of the Swedish Riksdag from 1991 to 1994.

## References
## Other websites
Carlos Dívar

**José Carlos Dívar Blanco** (December 31, 1941 – November 11, 2017) was a Spanish government official. He was born in Málaga, Spain. He was President of the General Council of the Judiciary and the Supreme Court from September 2008 to June 2012.

He was the President of the National Court from 2001 to 2008. He resigned in June 2012 when it was uncovered a scandal of alleged misappropriation of public funds.

Dívar died of pulmonary edema in Madrid on November 11, 2017 at the age of 75.

## References
Jack Ralite

**Jack Ralite** (14 May 1928 – 12 November 2017) was a French politician. He was elected in 1973 to the Seine-Saint-Denis constituency for the French Communist Party. In 1981 he became Minister for Health and Minister for Employment from 1981 to 1984. In 1984 he became Mayor of Aubervilliers, a post he retained until 2003. He was born in Châlons-en-Champagne, France.

Ralite died in Aubervilliers, France of respiratory failure at the age of 89.

## References
Freddy Cole

**Lionel Frederick** "**Freddy**" **Cole** (October 15, 1931 &ndash; June 27, 2020) was an American jazz singer and pianist. His recording career has spanned over sixty years. He was the brother of musicians Nat King Cole and Ike Cole, father of Lionel Cole, and uncle of Natalie Cole, Timolin Cole, and Casey Cole. He was known for his moderate success of *Whispering Grass* in 1953.

During the 1970s, Cole recorded several albums for European and English based labels. He was the subject of the 2006 documentary *The Cole Nobody Knows*. In June of that year, Cole was added to the Steinway Artist roster.

Cole died from heart disease-related problems in Atlanta, Georgia on June 27, 2020 at the age of 88.

## References
## Other websites
*
*Freddy Cole: *Heir To The Throne*  by Alex Henderson, *The New York City Jazz Record*
*filmmaker Clay Walker's webpage on Freddy Cole 
*PBS video of performance at the Georgia Music Hall of Fame induction ceremony
Ray Lovelock

**Raymond Lovelock** (; 19 June 1950 – 10 November 2017), most often known as **Ray Lovelock**, was an Italian actor and rock musician. He was born in Rome, Italy. He performed in a rock band with longtime friend and actor Tomas Milian, where he was discovered by a talent agent.

Lovelock appeared in many movies such as: *Fiddler on the Roof* (1971), *Let Sleeping Corpses Lie* (1974), *Almost Human* (1974), *Violent Rome* (1975), *Live Like a Cop, Die Like a Man* (1976), *The Cassandra Crossing* (1976) and *The Last House on the Beach* (1978).

Lovelock died in Trevi, Italy on 10 November 2017 of bone cancer at the age of 67.

## References
## Other websites
*
Roman calendar

The **Roman calendar** was a lunar calendar used by the Roman Kingdom and the Roman Republic.

## Calendar system 
The year started on 1 March and had only 304 days or 10 months (March, April, May, June, Quintilis, Sextilis, September, October, November and December). These 304 days were followed by an  50-day winter period. The Roman king Numa Pompilius (c. 715-673 BC)  February and January (in that order) between December and March, increasing the length of the year to 354 or 355 days. In 450 BC, February was moved to its current position between January and March.

In order to make up for the lack of days in a year, an extra month, Intercalaris or Mercedonius, (allegedly with 22 or 23 days) was introduced in some years. In an 8-year period the length of the years were:

# 12 months or 355 days
# 13 months or 377 days
# 12 months or 355 days
# 13 months or 378 days
# 12 months or 355 days
# 13 months or 377 days
# 12 months or 355 days
# 13 months or 378 days

A total of 2930 days corresponding to a year of 366¼ days. This year was discovered to be too long, and therefore 7 days were later dropped from the 8th year, yielding 365.375 days per year.

It was the duty of the priesthood not to have any mistake of the intercalary month. However, leap years were considered unlucky. Therefore, they were avoided in time of crisis, such as the Second Punic War. In order to fix the problem, Julius Caesar made his famous calendar reform in 45 BC.

## References
James T. Butts Jr.

**James Thurman Butts Jr.** (born August 1, 1953) is an American politician. He is currently the mayor of Inglewood, California. He started out in law enforcement in Inglewood during the 1970s and 1980s, and later became a captain. He worked as Chief of Police in Santa Monica, California from 1991 to 2006. After that, in 2006, he worked in public safety  with Los Angeles World Airports. In 2010 he was elected mayor of Inglewood. In 2014 he was re-elected with an 84% vote. He led efforts to renovate and reopen the sports stadium The Forum in Inglewood. He also worked to develop a plan for a new NFL stadium in Inglewood. Butts holds an MBA degree from California State Polytechnic University, Pomona. He also holds a Bachelor of Science from California State University, Los Angeles.

## References
Tamara Natalie Madden

**Tamara Natalie Madden**  (August 16, 1975 – November 4, 2017) was a Jamaican-born American painter and mixed-media artist working. Madden's paintings are allegories whose subjects are the people of the African diaspora. After her solo exhibition in 2004, Madden relocated near Atlanta, Georgia. She was born in Kingston, Jamaica. She studied at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee.

Her first solo exhibition was in 2004, and it got her an interview with the late James Auer of the *Milwaukee Journal Sentinel*. In 2007, Madden debuted a series entitled, "Kings & Queens", which focused on heightening the everyday person. Her work continues to focus on recognizing nobility, honor and respect in those often overlooked by society.

Madden died of ovarian cancer on November 4, 2017 in Atlanta, Georgia at the age of 42.

## References
Ron Gardenhire

**Ronald Clyde Gardenhire** (born October 24, 1957) is the manager of the Detroit Tigers. He was born in West Germany. He was a shortstop for the New York Mets from 1981 to 1985 and managed the Minnesota Twins from 2002 to 2013. He replaced Brad Ausmus as manager of the Tigers following the 2017 season.

## Other websites
* 
* Managerial record at Baseball-Reference.com
Norman Hallendy

**Norman E. Hallendy** (April 7, 1932 — October 27, 2023) was an Arctic researcher, writer and photographer.  Hallendy's Arctic journeys began in 1958 at a time when many Inuit, who traditionally lived on the land, were moving to permanent settlements created by the Federal government. Returning north year after year, he was befriended by Inuit elders who shared with him their perception of their material and spiritual world.

## Works 
His previous books include the best selling Inuksuit: 

* Tukiliit: The Stone People Who Live in the Wind
* Wilderness: Arctic Voices from a Land of Vast Horizons

He has been a lecturer at Oxford, Cambridge, UNESCO (Paris) including numerous universities in Canada and abroad. His most enjoyable presentations were to Inuit elders and their children in several Arctic communities. 

## Awards and recognitions 
Norman Hallendy has been named one of Canada’s 100 greatest modern-day explorers by Canadian Geographic Society.  

His contribution to geographical knowledge through documenting Arctic landscapes and ancient sites earned him the coveted Mungo Park Medal of the Royal Scottish Geographical Society in 2007 placing him among such esteemed persons as Professor Jean Malaurie, Count Eigil Knuth and Thor Heyerdahl. 

In 2001, the Royal Canadian Geographical Society awarded Hallendy the Gold medal for his internationally acclaimed work on inuksuit and ethnographic work in southwest Baffin Island placing him among such outstanding contributors to geography as Michael Palin, Gilbert Grosvenor and Sir Christopher Ondaatje.

His ethnographic documentation of the Inuit of southwest Baffin Island is regarded as a major contribution to the appreciation of Inuit intellectual culture. Dr. William Fitzhugh Director of the Arctic Studies Centre of the Smithsonian Institution regards Hallendy as a modern day Knud Rasmussen.

The Right Honourable Julie Payette Governor General of Canada has awarded Norman the Polar Medal created by Her Majesty the Queen of England in recognition of his ethnography of the Inuit in the Canadian Arctic. 

## Death 
Norman E. Hallendy of Carp, Ontario **passed away at the Heart Institute at the age of 91.**

## References 
## Other websites 
* Greystone Books
Göksel Gümüşdağ

**Göksel Gümüşdağ** (born 10 October 1972, Istanbul) is a Turkish businessman, former president of İstanbul Başakşehir and former Vice President of the Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu. He is the Chairman of the Board of Directors of LTD.

## Early life and career
Gümüşdağ was born in Istanbul on October 10, 1972. He graduated from Anadolu University Economics and Bilgi University Business Administration Department.

In 2014, he was elected president of Istanbul Başakşehir from Süper League teams. He is still a member of the Istanbul Bilgi University Board of Trustees.

## References
Michael Imperioli

**Michael Imperioli** (born March 26, 1966) is an American actor, writer and director. He is best known for the role of Christopher Moltisanti in the HBO drama series *The Sopranos*. The role earned him a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series in 2004. He has also had roles in movies and television shows such as *Goodfellas*, *The Addiction*, *The Lovely Bones*, *Clockers*, *Law & Order*, *Californication* and *Hawaii Five-0*.

Imperioli was born in Mount Vernon, New York, to an Italian American family. He married Victoria Chlebowski in 1995. The couple have three children.

## References
## Other websites
*
Alan MacDiarmid

**Alan G. MacDiarmid** (April 14, 1927 – February 7, 2007) was a New Zealand chemist. He received the 2000 Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Alan  Heeger and Hideki Shirakawa for "the discovery and development of conductive polymers". 

He was born in Masterton, New Zealand and died in Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania, United States.

## References
Solothurn (city)

**Solothurn** (, , , ) is a district and the capital of the Swiss canton of Solothurn. As of December 2016, 16,697 people lived there. It is the only municipality of the district of the same name.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website of the city of Solothurn 
* Solothurn tourist office  D/F +
Allschwil

**Allschwil** is a municipality of the district of Arlesheim in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland. It is right next to the city of Basel. With nearly 22.000 people it is the biggest city in Basel Landschaft.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Wojciech Zabłocki

**Wojciech Mikołaj Zabłocki** (December 6, 1930 – December 5, 2020) was a Polish architect and fencer. He was born in Warsaw.  He was a founding member of the Art of the Olympians.

Zabłocki participated in four Olympic Games: 1952 Helsinki, 1956 Melbourne, 1960 Rome, 1964 Tokyo and won two silver (1956, 1960) and one bronze medal (1964) in team sabre fencing.

In 1963, he married actress Alina Janowska. She died in 2017.

Zabłocki died on December 5, 2020 just one day before his 90th birthday.

## References
Bernard Panafieu

**Bernard Louis Auguste Paul Panafieu** (26 January 1931 – 12 November 2017) ) was a French prelate of the Catholic Church. He was Archbishop of Marseille from 1995 until his retirement in 2006. He was made a cardinal in 2003. He was born in Châtellerault, France.

Panafieu died on 12 November 2017 at a hospital in Venasque, France of complications from Parkinson's disease at the age of 86.

## References
## Other websites
Edith Savage-Jennings

**Edith Mae Savage-Jennings** (March 17, 1924 &ndash; November 12, 2017) was an American civil rights leader from New Jersey. She was known for her association with civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr.. Savage was notable for being a guest to the White House under every President of the United States from Franklin Delano Roosevelt through Barack Obama.

Savage-Jennings was born in Jacksonville, Florida.

In 2016 she was inducted into the New Jersey Women's Hall of Fame.

Savage-Jennings died on November 12, 2017 at her home in Trenton, New Jersey at the age of 93.

## References
Highland County, Ohio

**Highland County** is a county in Ohio in the United States. In 2020, 43,317 people lived there. The county seat is Hillsboro.

## References
Gholamreza Hassani

Ayatollah **Gholamreza Hassani** (, ) (30 August 1928 &ndash; 21 May 2018) was an Iranian conservative politician and cleric. He was the previous Friday prayer, first First imam of Masjid-e-Jamé mosque of the city of Urmia. He was born in Urmia, Iran. 

He was a member of the Islamic Consultative Assembly in the first term from electoral district of Urmia and representative of the Iranian Supreme Leader Grand Ayatollah Ali Hosseini Khamenei in West Azarbaijan Province.

Hassani died on 21 May 2018 in Tehran at the age of 90.

## References
## Other websites
* حجت الاسلام قریشی به امامت جمعه ارومیه و نماینده ولی فقیه در آذربایجان غربی منصوب شد/ تقدیر از مجاهدت و خدمات حجت الاسلام حسنی
Mary Wells Lawrence

**Mary Wells Lawrence** (born **Mary Georgene Berg**; May 25, 1928 &ndash; May 11, 2024) was an American advertising executive.  She was the founding president of Wells Rich Greene, an advertising agency. Lawrence was the first female CEO of a company listed on the New York Stock Exchange.

Lawrence died on May 11, 2024 at a hospital in London, England at the age of 95.

## References
## Other websites
* Braniff Flying Colors Historical Page
* Mary Wells Lawrence  at wowOwow
* "Madison Avenue", BBC Adam Curtis blog discusses Wells' career and features a film about Braniff from 1967 in which Wells speaks.
Cindy Adams

**Cynthia "Cindy" Adams** (née **Sugar**; later **Heller**; born April 24, 1930) is an American gossip columnist and writer. She is the widow of comedian/humorist Joey Adams. She was born in New York City. 

She began to work as a photographer's model in Manhattan. Since 1979, Adams has written a gossip column for the *New York Post*, a New York City newspaper. She also contributed to *Sunday Today in New York*. Adams became a syndicated newspaper columnist in 1981.

## References
## Other websites
*
Sam Johnson

**Samuel Robert Johnson** (October 11, 1930 &ndash; May 27, 2020) was an American politician. He was the U.S. Representative for  serving in Congress from 1991 to 2019. He was a member of the Republican Party.

On January 6, 2017, Johnson announced he will not run for reelection in 2018.

He was the last Korean War veteran to serve in Congress.

Johnson died at his home in Plano, Texas on May 27, 2020 of natural causes at the age of 89.

## References
## Other websites
* Congressman Sam Johnson  official House site
* Sam Johnson for Congress
* 
* 
* Tribute to Sam Johnson, Smithsonian Institution
* Texas Nonprofit Is Cleared After GOP-Prompted Audit: Group Says Probe Was 'Political Retaliation' by DeLay Allies, Washington Post, February 27, 2006
President of Singapore

The **President of the Republic of Singapore** is the country's head of state. Singapore has a parliamentary system of government. Executive authority is exercised by the Cabinet who was led by the Prime Minister of Singapore. The current president is Tharman Shanmugaratnam, who was elected with the 70% of the vote at the 2023 presidential election.

The president's official residence and office is the Istana. However, no presidents since Yusof bin Ishak (1965–1970) have lived there. The current president, Halimah Yacob, had wanted to stay in the HDB flat at Yishun, but if she fails to comply with the security requirements, she will have to move out. She is also the first female President of Singapore and first Malay head of state in 47 years since the death of Mr Yusof bin Ishak who was Singapore's first president.

## List of presidents of the Republic of Singapore 
## References
Botanic Gardens MRT station

**Botanic Gardens MRT Station (CC19/DT9)** is an interchange MRT station in Singapore. It is one of four stations where commuters can transfer from the Circle MRT Line to Downtown MRT Line,

This station is located near the Singapore Botanic Gardens at the intersection of Bukit Timah Road and Cluny Park Road, hence its name. It is also near the National University of Singapore Bukit Timah campus and is behind Serene Centre. 

As Bukit Brown Station will only be operational after the Bukit Brown area has been developed enough, the section of track between Botanic Gardens and Caldecott is the longest on the Circle Line. 

As the distance between the Circle Line and Downtown Line platforms is relatively long, it has travelators, the fourth station after Dhoby Ghaut, Serangoon and Bugis to have travelators within the paid area.

## History
The Downtown Line station (DT09) was designed by AEP Consultants and Geoconsult Asia and was constructed by Sembawang Engineers & Constructors. Botanic Gardens station is one of only two MRT stations in Singapore to have an official Malay name. The other station will be the future Gardens by the Bay MRT Station.

Prior to the opening of the station, it was named Adam. Public consultation of the station began in January 2006 and only two names were selected - Botanic Gardens and Cluny Road. Botanic Gardens was eventually selected because this station also goes to the popular UNESCO World Heritage Site. Cluny Road was also selected because it was served by the railway station "Cluny Road" that was closed down in 1930s. On 12 September 2006, the final name is renamed to Botanic Gardens.

## References
MacPherson MRT station

**MacPherson MRT Station (CC10/DT26)** is an underground Mass Rapid Transit interchange station between the Circle Line and the Downtown Line in Geylang. It is located along Paya Lebar Road, near the Geylang Neighbourhood Police Centre. The station, and the nearby housing estate, is named after Colonel Ronald Macpherson, the first Colonial Secretary of the Straits Settlements in 1867.

This is one of the few stations on the network which has easy transfers between the Circle Line and Downtown Line platforms, connected through escalators.

## References
Lavender MRT station

**Lavender MRT Station** (EW11) is an underground Mass Rapid Transit station on the East West Line in Kallang, Singapore. It is located underneath the junction of Kallang Road and Kallang Walk. This station is within the vicinity of Bendemeer and Jalan Besar stations on the Downtown Line. It is also near to ICA Building.

It was formerly known as E2 before 2001.

## References
## Other websites
Bugis MRT station

**Bugis MRT Station (EW12/DT14)** is an underground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) interchange station on the East West Line and the Downtown Line. It is located in Bugis, Singapore, at the boundary (border) of Downtown Core and Rochor planning areas.

This station serves Bugis+, Sim Lim Square, Bugis Village, Bugis Junction and many housing retail and food outlets. It is close to the National Library and Kampong Glam. There are also many private educational schools nearby, like Nanyang Academy of Fine Arts and LASALLE College of the Arts. The station is within five minutes walk of Jalan Besar Station on the Downtown Line. It is one of the stations that serves the huge demand when transferring from East West Line to Downtown Line.

## Station details 
The East West Line part of the station is located next to Bugis Junction, which has a direct link to the mall. It has almost the same design as the neighbouring Lavender station. The Downtown Line section is built on the site of the demolished (torn down) The New 7th Storey Hotel, and opened on 22 December 2013. This station served as the northern terminus (final station) of the Downtown Line until 27 December 2015, when it was replaced by Bukit Panjang as the second phase of the line opens. As the distance between the platforms is quite long, it is one of four stations to have travelators. The other stations are Dhoby Ghaut, Botanic Gardens and Serangoon.

## References
Tanjong Pagar MRT station

**Tanjong Pagar MRT Station** (EW15) is an underground Mass Rapid Transit station on the East West Line in Downtown Core, Singapore. The station caters to people, especially businessmen and residents, working and living in the Shenton Way and Robinson Road areas. Currently the station is surrounded by recent developments of Tanjong Pagar Centre, of which it is the tallest skyscraper in Singapore (290 metres). Permission is required by the authority and it is exempted from the height restrictions due to Paya Lebar Airbase.

## History
The station was first opened on 12 December 1987, as part of the extension of the system to Outram Park.

The station was expanded in 2004 to facilitate disabled access and the new Exit I was later opened. Exit I was effectively replaced by Exit J as Exit I was cleared for the development of Guoco Tower.

*A: Peck Seah Street
*B: Maxwell Road
*C: Anson Road
*D: Prince Edward Road
*E: AXA Tower (formerly Temasek Tower)
*F: Robinson Road
*G: Telok Ayer (Amoy Street Market)
*H: Springleaf Street
*I: Choon Guan Street
*J: Guoco Tower
*K: Underpass to Frasers Tower
The faregates at this station were replaced in 12 October 2012 and the Exit I faregates were replaced on 20 August 2017.

## References
Tiong Bahru MRT station

**Tiong Bahru MRT Station (EW17)** is an underground station located on the East West Line of the Mass Rapid Transit in Bukit Merah, Singapore. It is the last underground MRT station on the line westwards. The station is directly connected to a shopping mall, Tiong Bahru Plaza and is at Tiong Bahru Road and Jalan Membina. The MRT Station serves the surrounding residential neighborhoods of Bukit Ho Swee, Bukit Merah View and Tiong Bahru. This station was named after the Tiong Bahru Estate, together with Tiong Bahru Market and Tiong Bahru constituency.

It was the closest station to Sentosa before the opening of North East Line station on 20 June 2003. Shuttle bus services linking Sentosa to Tiong Bahru MRT operated for several years until it was eventually withdrawn in 2004.

## References
Kallang MRT station

**Kallang MRT Station (EW10)** is an above-ground Mass Rapid Transit station on the East West Line in Kallang, Singapore. It is painted in yellow livery and located next to the Kallang River, which is famous for its water sports. This is the last above-ground station westbound until Redhill. Westward of the station towards Lavender, the tracks lose elevation until they level out when sufficiently underground. This is because of space limitations in the Central Business District.

The station is within the vicinity of Boon Keng MRT station on the North East Line, Stadium MRT station on the Circle Line and Geylang Bahru MRT station on the Downtown Line. Kallang station is located next to the Lorong 1 Geylang Bus Terminal and within walking distance to the Kallang Riverside Park located at Kampong Bugis.

When Stadium MRT Station was under construction, Kallang station would be crowded when either the Singapore Indoor Stadium or the National Stadium hosted an event. After the opening of the Singapore Sports Hub, a sheltered walkway was built to connect Kallang station to the Singapore Sports Hub to ease overcrowding on Stadium station which only caters to 3-car trains.

It was formerly E3, before 2001.

## References
Redhill MRT station

**Redhill MRT Station (EW18)** is an above-ground Mass Rapid Transit station on the East West Line located in Bukit Merah, Singapore. This is the last above-ground station eastbound until Kallang station. Eastward of the station towards Tiong Bahru Estate, the tracks lose elevation until they level out when sufficiently underground. This is because of the space limitations as there is no such elevation of tracks in the Central Business District. This station is near to Enable Village for people with special needs.

Redhill is the only MRT station in which the two platforms are not parallel to each other.

## References
Little India MRT station

**Little India MRT Station** (NE7/DT12) is an underground Mass Rapid Transit interchange station on the North East Line and the Downtown Line located at the boundary of the planning areas of Kallang and Rochor, Singapore. The station derives its name from the ethnic district of Little India. This station and Rochor is the nearest of any station on the Downtown Line as it takes only 20-25 seconds to reach.

This station was built in the heart of Little India, with Tekka Centre within walking distance of the station.

## References
Farrer Park MRT station

**Farrer Park MRT Station (NE8)** is an underground station along the North East Line of the Mass Rapid Transit at the boundary of Kallang and Rochor planning areas, Singapore. It is at the north end of the ethnic neighbourhood of Little India. This station is near Mustafa Centre, Serangoon Plaza, and City Square Mall.

## References
Chinese Garden MRT station

**Chinese Garden MRT Station** (EW25) is an above-ground Mass Rapid Transit station on the East West Line in Jurong East, Singapore. It serves residents in Yuhua and Hong Kah, as well people visiting tourist attractions in Jurong Lake, including the Chinese Gardens, which give the station its name. Its station colour is yellow. The roof of the station is based on a Chinese design.

The original name for Chinese Garden was Jurong Lake.

## References
Downtown MRT station

**Downtown MRT Station (DT17)** is an underground Mass Rapid Transit station on the Downtown Line in Downtown Core, Singapore under Central Boulevard. It serves the south part of the Marina Bay area.

## References
Telok Ayer MRT station

**Telok Ayer MRT Station (DT18)** is an underground Mass Rapid Transit station on the Downtown Line in Downtown Core, Singapore under Cross Street. This station uses side platforms.

## References
Rochor MRT station

**Rochor MRT Station (DT13)** is an underground Mass Rapid Transit station on the Downtown Line in the planning area of Rochor, Singapore. It is near Sim Lim Square, The Verge, the Lasalle College of the Arts and Tekka Centre. The station is white and grey with a futuristic design. This station and Little India is the nearest of any station on the Downtown Line as it takes only 20-25 seconds to reach. The station opened along with other station on the DTL2 in December 2015.

This station had basement 1 reserved for the future North-South Corridor, and basement 2 and 3 are typically station levels.

## References
Jalan Besar MRT station

**Jalan Besar MRT Station (DT22)** is an underground Mass Rapid Transit station on the Downtown Line in Rochor planning area, Singapore. The station is under Jalan Besar, at the junction with Weld Road. The station is also called *Sungei Road*. Sungei Road Thieves' Market was located next to this station, together with Sim Lim Tower.

The station is within five minutes walk of Rochor station on the Downtown Line and Bugis station on both the Downtown Line and East West Line, allowing an out-of-system transfer to those stations and lines. It opened on 21 October 2017.
Fort Canning MRT station

**Fort Canning MRT Station (DT20)** is an underground Mass Rapid Transit station on the Downtown Line at the boundary of Museum and Singapore River planning areas, Singapore. The station, is next to Liang Court shopping centre along River Valley Road. It is also within walking distance from UE Square. The station is close to Fort Canning Park. It is also near eateries and nightspots at Clarke Quay, so the Clarke Quay MRT Station is less crowded.

## References
Kevin Cramer

**Kevin John Cramer** (born January 21, 1961) is an American politician of the Republican Party. He is the junior United States senator of North Dakota since January 3, 2019.

He was a member of the United States House of Representatives for North Dakota from January 3, 2013 to January 3, 2019.

## References 
## Other websites
* Official U.S. House website
Earl Pomeroy

**Earl Pomeroy** (born September 2, 1952 in Barnes County, North Dakota) is an American lobbyist for hospitals and a former politician of the Democratic Party.

He was a member of the United States House of Representatives for North Dakota from 1993 to 2011.

## References 
* www.govtrack.us
District of Eixample

**Eixample,** also known as **Expansion** district in Catalan is the name of second district of Barcelona. 

It takes up  the central area of the city, in a big area of 7,46 km2 . Designed by Ildefonso Cerdà. It is the most populated district of Barcelona and of all Spain in absolute numbers (262.485 inhabitants) and the second to related to the surface (35.586 inhabitants/ km2).

## Notable areas 
In the Eixample District, there are the big streets and avenues and popular squares of Barcelona, like: Passeig de Gràcia, Rambla Catalunya, Plaça Catalunya, Avinguda Diagonal, Carrer d’Aragó, Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, Carrer de Balmes, Ronda Sant Antoni, Ronda de Sant Pere, Passeig de Sant Joan, Plaça de la Sagrada Familia, Plaça Gaudí, and at one end there is Plaça de les Glòries Catalanes and at the opposite end Plaça Francesc Macià.

There are also touristic places like Basílica de la Sagrada Família, Casa Milà, Casa Batlló, Teatre Nacional de Catalunya, Auditori de Barcelona, Plaça de Toros Monumental, la Casa de les Punxes, as well as a lot of movie theaters, restaurants, hotels, and other leisure places.

## Historic context 
During the first half of 19th century Barcelona saw a booming Industrial Revolution. The cities with a medieval street structure and many of them surrounded by walls were collapsing under the expansion of recently born industries. For this reason the population increased a lot.

The city of Barcelona, like many other european cities, was limited in its growth by the its walls. Behind the walls it was considered military zone. This implied the no construction of industries. This zone only could be use to agriculture.

## References 
## Further Research 
https://www.lonelyplanet.com/spain/barcelona/leixample

https://plus.badi.com/blog/on-the-grid-discovering-barcelonas-eixample-district-2/
Mayor of Coimbatore

The Mayor of Coimbatore is the first citizen of the city of Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
## List of mayors
# V. Gopalakrishnan 1996-2001
# T. Malaravan 2001-2006
# R. Venkatachalam 2006-2011
# S. M. Velusamy 2011-2014
# Ganapathi P. Raj Kumar 2014-present

## Reference
Hurst-Euless-Bedford Independent School District

**Hurst-Euless-Bedford Independent School District** (HEB ISD) is a government organization that runs public schools. HEB ISD has students in pre-kindergarten to grade 12. Almost all students in Bedford, Euless, and Hurst go to HEB ISD schools. Some students in North Richland Hills, Colleyville, Fort Worth, and Arlington go to HEB ISD.

The district runs twenty elementary schools, five junior high schools, two large high schools, and some schools for special purposes. HEB ISD schools offer special classes about foreign language, art, science, and work skills.

In 2018, HEB ISD was rated "A" by the Texas Education Agency.

## History 
There were other schools in this area before HEB ISD, including Bedford College, Bedford School, and Euless School.

Mosier Valley School was in the Euless School District. It opened in 1883 and closed in 1949 because it was in bad condition. In 1950, a judge said the Euless School District had to have a separate school for African-American students. The school district opened the old building again for one year. In 1951, Mosier Valley School moved into a new, brick building.

The Euless and Hurst school districts combined in 1955.  The Hurst-Euless School District had 1,418 students and grew to almost 2,300 students in the next two years. HEB ISD had 3,116 students and seven schools during its first year.

## Students
In 2016, the school district had 22,780 students.  On tests that year, 85% of HEB ISD students earned good scores. (Only 77% of students near HEB ISD and 75% of students in the state of Texas earned good scores.) Schools in HEB ISD have students of more different races than almost all other schools in the United States.

## Other websites 
* HEB ISD official website

## References
The War of the Worlds (radio drama)

In 1938, Orson Welles produced a radio version of the 1898 book *The War of the Worlds* by H. G. Wells. Wells only produced one episode of the  American radio drama anthology series *The Mercury Theatre on the Air*. This episode was produced as the Halloween episode. It was broadcast on Sunday, October 30, 1938. It became famous for allegedly causing mass panic, although the scale of the panic is disputed as the program had relatively few listeners.

The first two-thirds of the one-hour broadcast was presented as a series of simulated news bulletins. The first news update interrupted a program of dance music to report that a series of odd explosions had been spotted on Mars, which was followed soon thereafter by a seemingly unrelated report of an unusual object falling on a farm in Grover's Mill, New Jersey. Martians emerged from the object and attacked using a heat ray during the next interruption, which was followed by a rapid series of news reports describing a devastating alien invasion taking place across the United States and the world. The illusion of realism was increased because the *Mercury Theatre on the Air* was a sustaining show without commercial interruptions, and the first break in the program came almost 30 minutes into the broadcast. Popular legend holds that all of the radio audience may have been listening to Edgar Bergen and tuned in to "The War of the Worlds" during a musical interlude, thereby missing the clear introduction that the show was a drama, but research beginning in the 2010s suggests this only happened in rare instances.In the days following the adaptation, widespread outrage was expressed in the media. The program's news-bulletin format was described as deceptive by some newspapers and public figures, leading to an outcry against the perpetrators of the broadcast and calls for regulation by the Federal Communications Commission. The episode secured Welles' fame as a dramatist.

## References
Thruepang Palace

**Thruepang Palace** is a royal dzong (a form of fortress) or palace in Bhutan. It is a historic building in Bhutan.

## History 
### Early History 
The hillside placement of the palace was considered important in establishing control in the early days of the kingdom.

The dzong (fortress) portion was built in 1648. The first and second kings used the fortress to rule the kingdom from this crucial position.

### Modern History 
It is the birthplace of the third Druk Gyalpo (King) Jigme Dorji Wangchuck of Bhutan in 1928. He spent is early days growing up in the palace. 

This was a secondary resident and served as a, but not main, royal palace for the second Druk Gyalpo (king)  Jigme Wangchuck and Queen Ashi Puntsho Choden. The Trhruepang Palace currently is still in use as a winter royal palace for the current king Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck. 

## Description 
### Location 
The dzong is located in Thruepang village section of Nubi gewog (village block) in the District of Trongsa.  Not far from the palace is the local market place.  The palace sits upon a hill that leads straight to the Thruepang village. 

Travel from the capital Thimpu requires 192 kilometers of travel and 8 hours of time.

### Architecture 
The palace largely can be attributed a large house rather than a full scale palace. There are 2 stories palace that sits on 10 acres of land.

## References
Santiago Vernazza

**Júlio Carlos Santiago "Ghito" Vernazza** (September 23, 1928 &ndash; November 12, 2017) was a former Argentine footballer. He was a forward who played for Platense and River Plate until 1956, when he moved to Italy and signed for newly promoted Serie A club Palermo.

He was born in Buenos Aires.

In 1960/1961, Vernazza played for AC Milan, where he obtained a second place. In 1961/1962, he moved to Vicenza, where he played two seasons before retiring in 1963 at the age of 35.

Vernazza died in Buenos Aires on November 12, 2017 at the age of 89.

## References
## Other websites
*Argentine players in Italy at rsssf
* Platense profile
Untervaz

**Untervaz** is a municipality of the district of Landquart in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

## References
## Other websites
Levoncourt, Haut-Rhin

**Levoncourt** is a commune of the Haut-Rhin department.

## Related pages
* Communes of the Haut-Rhin department

## References
*INSEE commune file
Backbend

]]
A **backbend** is a body movement where the spine is bent backwards, catching oneself with the hands. The backbend is used in gymnastics, contortion, or as a dance move.
Sindhi writers

Sindhi language is spoken by more than 50 million people and Sindhi literature is as rich as of any language known to human society. Shah Abdul latif Bhittai, Sachal  Sarmast and Sammi are considered as the legendary trio of Sindhi literature.  Here in this discussion we concentrate  on the Sindhi writers from India. This is quite possible that Sindh, presently part of Pakistan may appear in our discussion as this has passed only 70 years since the partition of the country which forced Indian Sindhi community to leave the motherland of many generations of their forefathers. Many of the contributors to Sindhi literature - Sindhi writers were born in Sindh though they live and worked in India. This might be the Rashtriya Kavi Padam Shri Dada Hundraj Dukhayal or unparalleled Sindhi writer poet Padma Shri Prof Ram Panjwani.

When we are discussing about Sindhi writers we must mention  Sindhi women. Sindhi literature has revolutionary woman writers like Popati Hiranandani [Sindhi Sahitya Academy Award 1982] , Indira Vaswani, Maya Rahi and many more who have contributed to enrich the Sindhi literature. Many of Sindhi women have contributed poetry.

We will start list of Sindhi writers from India with Tirth Basant who wrote a biography of the famous Sindhi Saint Bhagat Kanwarram Sahib with Title "Kanwar" and was first awardee of Sindhi Sahitya Academy award in 1959.
David Poisson

**David Poisson** (31 March 1982 – 13 November 2017) was a French World Cup alpine ski racer. He was born in Annecy, Haute-Savoie, France.

Poisson represented France at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver. At the 2013 World Championships, Poisson made his first podium, taking bronze in the downhill.

Poisson died in a crash during training in Nakiska, Alberta, Canada on 13 November 2017, aged 35.

## References
Alex Azar

**Alex Michael Azar II** (born June 17, 1967) is an American politician and businessman. He was the 24th United States Secretary of Health and Human Services from January 29, 2018 to January 20, 2021. He was the United States Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services under George W. Bush from 2005 to 2007. From 2012 to 2017, Azar was President of Eli Lilly and Company. He was a member of the board of directors of the Biotechnology Innovation Organization, a pharmaceutical lobby.

On November 13, 2017, President Donald Trump nominated Azar to be the next United States Secretary of Health and Human Services.

## Career
Azar was as a law clerk for Judge J. Michael Luttig of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit and then as a law clerk for Associate Justice Antonin Scalia of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1992 to 1993.

## Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services (2005&ndash;2007)
On August 3, 2001, Azar was confirmed to be the General Counsel of the United States Department of Health and Human Services.

On July 22, 2005, Azar was confirmed as the United States Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services. He was twice confirmed unanimously by the United States Senate. He worked under Secretary Mike Leavitt. Azar resigned in January 2007.

## Business career
In June 2007, Azar joined Eli Lilly and Company as its Senior Vice President of Corporate Affairs and Communications, where he led “Lilly public affairs and lobbying efforts.”

On January 1, 2012, Azar became President of Lilly USA, LLC, the largest division of Eli Lilly and Company and was responsible for the company's entire operations in the United States. In January 2017, Azar resigned from Eli Lilly.

## Secretary of Health and Human Services (since 2018)
On November 13, 2017, President Trump announced via Twitter that Azar was his nominee to be the next United States Secretary of Health and Human Services.

His nomination was confirmed by the United States Senate on January 24, 2018. He was sworn in on January 29.

## Personal life
Azar is married to Jennifer Azar. They have two children. They live in Indianapolis, Indiana.

## References
## Other websites
*