open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Eric Garcetti

**Eric Michael Garcetti** (born February 4, 1971) is an American politician who was the United States Ambassador to India from 2023 until 2025. He had served as mayor of Los Angeles from 2013 to 2022. He is a former member of the Los Angeles City Council, representing the 13th District. He served as Council President from 2006 to 2012.

## Mayoralty of Los Angeles
He is a member of the Democratic Party. Garcetti won an election to become mayor on May 21, 2013. He defeated city Controller Wendy Greuel. Garcetti was the city's first elected Jewish mayor and its youngest in more than a hundred years. In May 2022, his nomination was put on hold while an investigation is being made about how Garcetti handled sexual harassment claims against his top mayoral aides. On May 22, 2022, U.S. Senate leader Chuck Schumer said that Garcetti did not have enough votes to have his nomination passed by the Senate. 

Biden renominated Garcetti in January 2023. His nomination was confirmed by the United States Senate by a 52–42 vote.

## Personal life
Garcetti was born in Los Angeles and was raised in the Encino neighborhood of Los Angeles. His father, Gil Garcetti, is a lawyer and was the Los Angeles District Attorney during the O. J. Simpson murder case. He studied at Columbia University and at Queen's College, Oxford.

Garcetti is a photographer, jazz pianist, and composer. In 2009, he married his longtime girlfriend Amy Elaine Wakeland. They have one daughter, Maya Juanita, who was adopted. Garcetti and his wife have also fostered seven children.

## References
Xenacoelomorpha

**Xenacoelomorpha** is a proposed grouping of the xenoturbellids and acoelomorph flatworms, suggested by molecular data. It may be a member of the deuterostomes,  and may be even more basal in the Bilateria.

## References
Lovely Professional University

**Lovely Professional University** (**LPU**) is a Private University in North India created under the Punjab State Private University Act 2005 and recognized by UGC under Section 2(f) of UGC 

### Schools 
The campus has four major faculties
* Faculty of Technology & Sciences.
* Faculty of Business & Arts.
* Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences
* Faculty of Distance Education.
* Faculty of Design(Gaming/Multimedia/Animation)by Navdeep Sindhu.

### Hostels 
*LPU* have residential facilities with capacity for more than 20,000 students. The university provides a range of facilities within the university campus, separately for boys and girls. **LPU** understand that most of their students are moving away from home for the first time, so they strive to make the transition as smooth as possible. The university has a wide range of accommodation options. Campus entry is controlled by turnstile and there are CCTV surveillance cameras all round to ensure safety and security.

## References
Leonel Marshall

**Leonel Marshall Borges Jr. ** (born September 25, 1979 in Havana) is a Cuban volleyball player. He was a member of the Cuban men's national team in 1997–2002. Marshall is an outside hitter. He is well known for his outstanding vertical jump.

## Other websites
* Sports-reference profile
Balram Jakhar

**Balram Jakhar** (23 August 1923 &ndash; 3 February 2016) was an Indian politician. He was a member of parliament and served as Governor of Madhya Pradesh from June 2004 to June 2009. Before being governor, Jakhar was the 8th Speaker of the Lok Sabha, serving from January 1980 to November 1989. He was born in Punjab.

Jakhar died from complications of pneumonia on 3 February 2016. He died in Delhi. He was aged 92.

## References
## Other websites
* Biography
Fernando Arrabal

**Fernando Arrabal Terán** (born August 11, 1932) is a Spanish playwright, screenwriter, movie director, novelist and poet. Arrabal was born in Melilla, Spain, but settled in France in 1955. He calls himself *desterrado*, which means "half-expatriate, half-exiled".

In 1962, Arrabal co-founded the Panic Movement with Alejandro Jodorowsky and Roland Topor. It was inspired by the god Pan. He was elected Transcendent Satrap of the Collège de Pataphysique in 1990.

## Other websites
*Fernando Arrabal's website 
*Fernando Arrabal : Excerpts, articles, interviews and videos on the website of the Prague Writers' Festival
*Fernando Arrabal's Cinématon – A 4 minutes online portrait by Gérard Courant
*Chess Express Arrabal – Arrabal's chess blog
*
Saulius Sondeckis

**Saulius Sondeckis** (11 October 1928 &ndash; 3 February 2016) was a Lithuanian violinist, conductor, orchestra leader and professor. He founded the Lithuanian Chamber Orchestra in 1960 and was its artistic director and principal conductor until 2004. 

Sondeckis was born in Šiauliai, Lithuania. He studied at Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theatre. Sondeckis died in Vilnius from a stroke on 3 February 2016. He was aged 87.

## References
Amanda Crew

**Amanda Crew** (born June 5, 1986) is a Canadian actress. She acts in both movies and television. She played Julie Christensen in *Final Destination 3*. She also played Wendy in *The Haunting in Connecticut*.

Crew was born in Langley, British Columbia.

## References
Luiz Felipe Lampreia

**Luiz Felipe Palmeira Lampreia** (19 October 1941 – 2 February 2016) was a Brazilian diplomat and sociologist. He was born in Rio de Janeiro. Lampreia worked at as a professor at Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro. He served as chairman of the Industry Federation of the State of Rio de Janeiro. He created a blog during his later career called *O Globo*.

Lampreia died in Rio de Janeiro from a heart attack on 2 February 2016. He was aged 74.

## References
Mark Farren

**Mark Farren** (1 May 1982 &ndash; 3 February 2016) was an Irish footballer. He played as a forward for Derry City. He was born in Donegal, Ireland. He played for Finn Harps F.C. from 2000 to 2001, Monaghan United F.C. from 2001 to 2003, Derry City F.C. from 2003 to 2012, and Glenavon F.C. from 2013 to 2014.

Farren died on 3 February 2016 of cancer. He was aged 33.

## References
Henry Gibson

**Henry Gibson** (September 21, 1935&nbsp;– September 14, 2009) was an American actor, singer and songwriter. He was best known as a cast member of ''Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In*, for his role as Haven Hamilton in *Nashville*,  for his recurring role as Judge Clark Brown on *Boston Legal*, the Illinois Nazi leader in *The Blues Brothers* and as Bob Jenkins in *King of the Hill''.

## Other websites
* 
* Obituary at the Daily Telegraph
Alba Solís

**Alba Solís** (née Ángela Herminia Lamberti; 18 October 1927 – 3 February 2016) was an Argentine singer, actress and vedette. She was born in Buenos Aires. She was known for her roles in *La cigarra está que arde*, *Estrellas de Buenos Aires*, *De turno con la muerte* and *Escándalo nocturno*.

Solís died in Buenos Aires on 3 February 2016 from heart failure. She was aged 88.

## References
## Other websites
* Alba Solís at IMDB
Mere Broughton

**Mary Mereiwa Broughton**  (née **Whakaruru**, 24 December 1938 – 31 January 2016), known as **Mere Broughton**, was a New Zealand Māori language activist and unionist. She was born in Hastings, New Zealand.

In the 1970s and 1980s, she worked at Victoria University. She created Te Herenga Waka Marae with her husband, Te Huirangi Waikerepuru, and Wiremu Parker. At the university she became active in union affairs, in the Association of University Staff (now the TEU). Broughton was on the Tekaumārua, the advisory board to the Māori King, Tuheitia Paki. In 2014, she was part of the New Zealand delegation that sent off the canoes of the Polynesian Voyaging Society, Hōkūle'a and Hikianalia.

Broughton died on 31 January 2016 at her home in Waitara. She died from heart failure. She was aged 79.

## References
Kim Yong-nam

**Kim Yong-nam** (; 4 February 1928 &ndash; 3 November 2025) was a North Korean politician. He served as President of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly. He was in this position from 1998 to 2019. Previously, he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1983 to 1998. He was elected a member of the Presidium of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) in 2010.

Kim died from multiple organ failure caused by colorectal cancer on 3 November 2025 at a hospital in Pyongyang, North Korea at the age of 97.

## References
Final Destination 3

***Final Destination 3*** is a 2006 American horror movie. This is the third movie of the *Final Destination* movie series.

## Plot
A high school student named Wendy Christensen visits an amusement park with her boyfriend Jason, best friend Carrie Dreyer and Carrie's boyfriend Kevin for their senior class field trip. When they board the Devil's flight roller coaster, Wendy has a premonition that the roller coaster will have an accident. When Wendy panics, a fight breaks out and several people leave or are forced off the ride. As they leave, the roller coaster goes off its tracks and kills the remaining passengers, including Carrie and Jason.

## Cast
* Mary Elizabeth Winstead as Wendy Christensen
* Ryan Merriman as Kevin Fischer
* Kris Lemche as Ian McKinley
* Alexz Johnson as Erin Ulmer
* Sam Easton as Frankie Cheeks
* Jesse Moss as Jason Wise
* Gina Holden as Carrie Dreyer
* Texas Battle as Lewis Romero
* Chelan Simmons as Ashley Freund
* Crystal Lowe as Ashlyn Halperin
* Amanda Crew as Julie Christensen
* Maggie Ma as Perry Malinowski
* Ecstasia Sanders as Amber Regan
* Dustin Milligan as Marcus
* Cory Monteith as Kahill
* Agam Darshi as Laura
* Dylan Basile as Sean

## Release
*Final Destination 3* was released on February 10, 2006 under New Line Cinema. The movie is rated R for violence, profanity and sexual situations.

### Box office
The movie took in $19,173,094 on its opening weekend. Worldwide, it got $186,187,139.

## Reception
### Critical response
The movie received mixed reviews from critics. Rotten Tomatoes gave the movie a 43% rating.

### Awards
The movie was nominated at the 33rd Saturn Awards for Best Horror Film and Best DVD Special Edition Release.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Edward Babiuch

**Edward Mikołaj Babiuch** (; December 28, 1927 &ndash; February 1, 2021) was a Polish politician. He was a member of the Polish United Workers' Party, a Communist party. He was one of four deputy chairmen of the Polish Council of State from 1976 to 1980. Babiuch served as the Prime Minister of Poland in 1980, from February 18 to August 24 of that year.

Babiuch died in Warsaw on February 2, 2021 at the age of 93.

## References
Derry, New Hampshire

**Derry** is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 34,317 at the 2020 census. Although it is a town and not a city, Derry is the fourth most-populous community in the state.

## References
Everton Weekes

Sir **Everton DeCourcy Weekes**, KCMG, GCM, OBE (26 February 1925 &ndash; 1 July 2020) was cricketer who played for West Indies. Along with Frank Worrell and Clyde Walcott, he formed what was known as "The Three Ws" of West Indian cricket. He was born in Saint Michael, Barbados.

Weekes began his career in 1948. Earlier that year, he scored 88 and 117 runs (retired) in domestic cricket and got selected for the tour. He played his first match for Barbados on 24 February 1945. He was aged 19 years at that time, and it was the day before his 20th birthday. The match was against Trinidad and Tobago at Queen's Park Oval, Port of Spain. Batting at number six, he scored 0 and eight runs. Barbados lost by ten wickets. He retired in 1958.

Weekes died on 1 July 2020 in Christ Church, Barbados at the age of 95.

## References
Mike Mansfield

**Michael Joseph "Mike" Mansfield** (March 16, 1903 – October 5, 2001) was an American politician. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He served as a U.S. Representative (1943–1953) and a U.S. Senator (1953–1977) from Montana. He was the longest-serving Senate Majority Leader, serving from 1961 to 1977.

During his time, he led Great Society programs through the Senate and strongly opposed the Vietnam War.

After retiring from the Senate, Mansfield served as U.S. Ambassador to Japan from 1977 to 1988. On retiring as ambassador, he was awarded the nation's highest civilian honor, the Presidential Medal of Freedom (1989). He won this in part for his role in the resignation of Republican President Richard Nixon. Mansfield is the longest-serving American ambassador to Japan in history.

After his ambassadorship, Mansfield served for a time as a senior adviser on East Asian affairs to Goldman Sachs, the Wall Street investment banking company.

Mansfield died of congestive heart failure in Washington, D.C. on October 5, 2001. He was aged 98.

## References
Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors

**Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors** () is a South Korean football club from Jeollabuk-do.

## Records
;Key
*Tms. = Number of teams
*Pos. = Position in league

## Honours
### Domestic
#### League
* **K League 1**
: **Winners (10):** 2009, 2011, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2025
: **Runners-up (2):** 2012, 2016

#### Cup
* **FA Cup**
: **Winners (5):** 2000, 2003, 2005, 2020, 2022
: **Runners-up (2):** 1999, 2013
* **League Cup**
: **Runners-up (1):** 2010
* **Super Cup**
: **Winners (1):** 2004
: **Runners-up (2):** 2001, 2006

### Continental
* **AFC Champions League**
: **Winners (2):** 2006, 2016
: **Runners-up (1):** 2011
* **Asian Cup Winners Cup**
: **Runners-up (1):** 2002
Nawab of Awadh

The **Nawab of Awadh** or the **Nawab of Oudh** () was the title of the rulers who governed the state of Oudh or Awadh in south India during the 18th and 19th centuries. The Nawabs of Awadh belonged to a dynasty of Qara-Qoyunlu origin from Nishapur. Saadat Khan (1722–1739) became the first Nawab of Awadh in 1722. He was a Mughal wazir and the founder of the state of Awadh.

## References
Antioch College

**Antioch College** is a private, liberal arts college in Yellow Springs, Ohio, in the United States. Established in 1850 by the Christian Connection, the college began operating in 1852; politician and education expert Horace Mann became its first president. It was the founding, forming college of Antioch University, which Antioch College outlived until 2008. The College remained out of business for three years before being reestablished in 2011, and fully disconnected from the university as an independent institution by 2014.

The College has produced two Nobel Prize winners. José Ramos-Horta, the 1996 laureate for Peace, earned his Master of Arts in 1984. Mario Capecchi, the 2007 laureate for Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, earned his Bachelor of Science in 1961.

## References
Spintronics

**Spintronics** is a kind of electronics that uses the tiny magnetic fields that come from electrons as well as their electric charge. The word *spintronics* is made up of the words *spin* and *electronics*

In atoms, electrons can be said to go around the nucleus of an atom and possess some  energy. They also have  their own spin, like a spinning top, which  is separate from the atom and they keep even when they are moving  freely. There are two ways for  something  to spin, clockwise and anti-clockwise. In the tiny quantum world the terms  'up' or 'down' are used instead. 

The electron spin of large numbers of electrons plays a role as a source of the magnetism in permanent magnets. In most materials these spins are random in direction and so no magnetic field results. In normal electronics  the flow of current in a wire  can also be used to produce a magnetic field which is known as electromagnetism. Neither of these form a part of spintonics.

In spintronics the property of the spin of the electrons themselves is used directly.  It  makes use of the electrons in a solid metal or semiconductor.

In spintronics the electron spin of just a few electrons in a material are made to align in one direction by briefly applying a very large magnetic field. Even when the magnetic field is removed the electrons will remain aligned in  their spins. This alignment will slowly fade away over time but will persist for a while.

Since these aligned spins produce a resultant  magnet field they can be detected and even used to move  the electrons.  

The deliberate moving of only those electrons with a certain spin  can be used to store information and this technology has been called spintronics to distinguish it from conventional use of electrons in electronics which uses their electric charge only.

Spintronics is an area of research in which scientists are trying to make useful devices and are making progress. Some devices write the electron spin codes into the surface of a moving disk and others make them in sold transistor junctions as RAM. They promise a technology that could create faster and  smaller electronic devices that  use less energy.

## Other websites 
* Utilization of Spintronics, Jitendra S. Pingale, Mukesh D. Patil, Umar I. Masumdar. *International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications*, Volume 3, Issue 6, June 2013. ISSN 2250-3153 .
Melody Thomas Scott

**Melody Ann Thomas Scott** (b. April 18, 1956) is an American actress who acts in soap operas. She played Nikki Newman on the soap opera *The Young and the Restless*. She also played Darlene Jarvis in *The Waltons* in the 1970s. She won awards for Outstanding Actress from the 17th Soap Opera Digest Awards for her act as Nikki Newman.

Thomas Scott started her career as a child actress. 

Thomas Scott was born in Los Angeles, California.

## Acting roles
## Awards and nominations
## References
Marlow Cook

**Marlow Webster Cook** (July 27, 1926 &ndash; February 4, 2016) was an American politician. He was a member of the Republican Party. He served as the United States Senator from Kentucky from December 17, 1968 to December 27, 1974. He was born in Akron, New York.

Cook died in Sarasota, Florida on February 4, 2016. He died from complications of a heart attack. He was aged 89.

## References
## Other websites
*
Joe Alaskey

**Joseph Francis "Joe" Alaskey** (April 17, 1952 &ndash; February 3, 2016) was an American actor, impressionist, stand-up comedian and voice actor. He was known for voicing Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Sylvester the Cat, Tweety and other characters from Warner Bros. cartoons. He voiced Plucky Duck on *Tiny Toon Adventures* from 1990 to 1995.

Alaskey won an Emmy Award in 2004.

Alaskey was the second actor to voice Grandpa Lou Pickles on *Rugrats*. He voiced Lou again in the *Rugrats* spin-off series, *All Grown Up!* and all three movies. He also voiced Stinkie in *Casper*.

Alaskey died in Green Island, New York from cancer on February 3, 2016. He was aged 63.

## Filmography
* *The Undersea World of Fifi* (1992) ... Plucky Duck/Duck Servant/Additional voices (voice)

## References
## Other websites
*
CBRNE

**CBRNE** is an acronym for **Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosive** materials.  These materials are very dangerous, and can hurt many people.  When they are used on purpose, CBRNE materials are weapons of mass destruction.  However, CBRNE events can also happen accidentally.

A report from the White House in 2011 said "there is no greater danger to the [United States] than a terrorist attack with a weapon of mass destruction."  Because CBRNE weapons are so dangerous, countries around the world are working on preventing CBRNE attacks, and learning how to react to them if they do happen.

## Types of CBRNE weapons
### Chemical
The main types of chemical weapons are: and killed 60,000 to 80,000 people right away.  More people later died from radiation sickness and cancer caused by radiation, so historians think about 135,000 people were killed by the one nuclear bomb that hit Hiroshima.

In Nagasaki, the nuclear bomb created about  of heat, and winds as fast as .  It killed somewhere between 39,000 and 80,000 people.

The United Nations later made the use of Nuclear weapons illegal which is largely due to the radiation that is brought along with as well as earthquakes and other natural disasters. While true to this day many countries still manufacture these weapons today.

### Explosives
E as in explosives stands for high-yield explosive. High-yield explosive is materials that rapidly release large amounts of energy and produce a pressure shock wave during detonation. 

High-Yield Explosions can occur in labs and hospitals that contain compressed gas. One highly explosive gas is Acetylene which is commonly found under pressure to containment and later use. There are types of liquids like Nitroglycerin that can be subjected to pressure explosion as well.

## Accidental CBRNE events
Examples of accidental CBRNE events include:
* Chemical: Accidental chemical spills (like an oil spill, or a dangerous chemical leaking out of a laboratory)
* Biological: Outbreaks of infectious disease (like a flu epidemic)
* Radiological: Accidental spills of radioactive chemicals in laboratories or hospitals (like a spill of uranyl nitrate, which is used to look at viruses under electron microscopes); accidents during radiation therapy
* Nuclear: Accidents at nuclear power plants like Chernobyl and Three Mile Island
* Explosive:  A person who is on oxygen for breathing problems lights a cigarette and accidentally blows up their entire apartment building

## Photo gallery

File:British 55th Division gas casualties 10 April 1918.jpg|British soldiers who were blinded by tear gas in World War I
Image:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-F0313-0208-007, Gaskrieg (Luftbild).jpg|A German gas attack during World War I
File:Ghouta massacre1.JPG|Victims of a sarin gas attack in 2013, during the Syrian Civil War
File:Anthraxnote2.jpg|A letter sent to two U.S. Senators in 2001 with anthrax inside
File:Hiroshima aftermath.jpg|Hiroshima after being bombed with one nuclear weapon during World War II
File:2013 Boston Marathon aftermath people.jpg|Photo from right after the Boston Marathon bombings

## References
Tweety

**Tweety** (or **Tweety Bird**) is a fictional character from *Looney Tunes*. He is a yellow canary. He has also appeared in comic books. He was voiced by Mel Blanc. He is mainly known for saying “I tought I taw a puddy tat”, which is a babyish way of saying that he saw a cat. This cat is usually Sylvester, who tries to eat Tweety. 
]]

## References
Maurice White

**Maurice White** (December 19, 1941 – February 4, 2016) was an American singer-songwriter, musician, record producer, arranger and bandleader. He was the founder of the band Earth, Wind & Fire. He was also the older brother of current Earth, Wind & Fire member Verdine White, and former member Fred White. His career began in 1961. He retired in 2014 due to his health.

White was born in Memphis, Tennessee. He was raised in Memphis and in Chicago, Illinois. 

White served as the band's main songwriter and record producer, and was co-lead singer (along with Philip Bailey).  White won seven Grammys, and was nominated for 21 Grammys in total.

White died in his sleep on February 4, 2016 from complications of Parkinson's disease. He died at his home in Los Angeles. He was aged 74.

## References
## Other websites
*
*Kalimba Entertainment
*Kalimba Music
*Official Earth, Wind & Fire Website
Precognition

**Precognition** (also known as *premonition* or *second sight*) is an alleged psychic ability to see events in the future. However, as with most other forms of extra-sensory perception, there is no evidence any person has ever had precognition ability. But it still appears within movies, books and discussions within the parapsychology community. 

## Related pages
* Prediction
* Synchronicity

## References
Peter Barry

**Peter Barry** (10 August 1928 &ndash; 26 August 2016) was an Irish politician and businessman. He was from Cork city. He was a member of Fine Gael. He was a Teachta Dála (TD; member of parliament) from 1969 to 1997, and Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1982 to 1987. He helped negotiate the Anglo-Irish Agreement. In 1987, he served for a short time as Tánaiste (deputy prime minister).

## References
Chalice

A **chalice** is a cup that has a footed part on the bottom. It is used in some religious ceremonies for drinking. 

## Other websites 
* "Chalice" article from the *Catholic Encyclopedia*
Max Kaur

**Max Kaur** (born December 9, 1969 in Tallinn) is an Estonian politician. He is a member of the Centre Party. He was Mayor of Mustvee 2013-2017. Since 2018 he was a Jõhvi municipality vice-governor. Since 2019 he was a Mayor of Jõhvi. Since 2025 he is a Mayor of Kohtla-Järve.

## Education 
Max Kaur studied law at Moscow International Independent University of Environmental and Political Sciences (IIUEPS), LL.B., and economics at Saint Petersburg State University of Engineering and Economics, MS in Economics. He earned his PhD in 2013 from Saint Petersburg State University of Economics.

## Career 
Max Kaur was counsellor of the Mayor of Tallinn, Edgar Savisaar from 2002 to 2005. He was vice-mayor of Maardu from 2005 to 2006. Max Kaur was first elected to Tallinn City Council in the Estonian local elections 2009. He was elected Mayor of Mustvee in April 2013. He was re-elected in December 2013.

He was a founder and leader of the Estonian social movement against gambling. He is an author of the idea to create a unique sculpture in Tallinn against addiction.

## References
## Other websites
IOS 9

**iOS 9** (codenamed *Monarch*) is a version of iOS released on September 16, 2015. iOS 9 added many things to make the operating system better. Some of the things it added were a new News application, updates to the Notes and Map applications, and improvements to Siri and the Spotlight feature. For the iPad, iOS 9 also added a split screen feature. The current version of iOS 9 is iOS 9.3.6.

## References
Intervertebral disc

An **intervertebral disc** is a kind of padding between vertebrae in the vertebral column. They are shock absorbers in the spine, and are very important to the health of the spine. The disc is a fibrocartilaginous joint. It allows slight movement of the vertebrae, and acts as a ligament to hold the vertebrae together.

Discs have an outer fibrous ring, made up of both type I and type II collagen. Type I is concentrated towards the edge of the ring where it provides greater strength. The fibrous intervertebral disc contains the *nucleus pulposus* and this helps to  distribute pressure evenly across the disc.  

The nucleus pulposus contains loose fibers suspended in a mucoprotein gel. The nucleus of the disc acts as a shock absorber, absorbing impacts and keeping the two vertebrae separated. It is the remnant of the notochord.

## References
Dave Mirra

**David Michael "Dave" Mirra** (April 4, 1974 – February 4, 2016) was an American BMX athlete. He was also a driver for Subaru Rally Team USA. He was born in Chittenango, New York.

Mirra held the record for most X-Games medals until being passed by Bob Burnquist at X Games Munich in 2013. Mirra has won medals in every X Games from when they started in 1995 up to 2008. He has won a total of 24 medals at the X Games. In 2008, he placed second in BMX Big Air and third in Rally Car Racing at the X Games.

He was known mainly as a vert ramp and park rider. He rode and was sponsored by Haro Bikes from the mid 1990s. He later started his own bike company, and rode those instead. In 2004, Mirra appeared on an episode of *George Lopez*. Mirra was a member of the team which won the 2014 Race Across America Four-Person Male (Under 50) category.

He also was the host for two seasons of MTV's *Real World/Road Rules Challenge.*

## Personal life and death 
Mirra and his wife, Lauren, had two daughters. In 2010, Mirra was sick with bacterial meningitis. After he recovered, he went back to rallying.

On February 4, 2016, Mirra died of suicide by a gunshot wound in Greenville, North Carolina. Police answering an emergency call found his body in a truck. He had been visiting friends in the area. Allen Thomas, the mayor of Greenville, said Mirra was "a great friend and wonderful human being".  He was 41 years old. After his death, an autopsy revealed that Mirra had been suffering from chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). He became the first action sports athlete to be diagnosed with it.

## References
Property (disambiguation)

**Property** is the ownership of land, resources, objects, or intellectual property.

The word **property** can have several other meanings:

## Philosophy and science
* Property (philosophy), in philosophy and science, a feature or characteristic of something
**Material property, a feature or characteristic of a material
**Chemical property, a feature of a material that appears during a chemical reaction
**Physical property, a feature or characteristic of something which can be measured
**Thermodynamic properties, physical properties of substances
**Mental property, a feature or characteristic of the mind

## Other uses
* Real property, a piece of land that is owned by somebody, including any buildings on this land
* Theatrical property (usually known as a "prop"), any object used by a performer
Show, don't tell

'''Show, don't tell''' is a type of writing technique used by authors. Instead of explaining a story, as in a summary, a writer makes the reader feel what is happening. It creates a picture of something in the reader's mind. When the reader gets a clear mental picture the story becomes more interesting. The technique is used in both fiction and non-fiction writing. 

## Examples of show, don't tell 
* **Telling**: "The room was perfect. She saw it and was immediately transported back to her childhood because it had all the elements she remembered."
* **Showing**: "She threw open the wide oak door and stepped into a past from twenty years ago. The bedroom she remembered, down to the last detail. Pink candy-striped walls with white trim. A thick white shag carpet, two plush maroon velvet chairs flanking a silent fireplace." A  shows the reader what is happening.  It allows the reader to experience the  and emotions of the people in the story. A summary is often used between scenes to connect them together to create a story. Another use of summaries is in places where a part of the story needs to be . Showing takes more words than telling. Less important parts of a story are sometimes mentioned very briefly.

## References
Material property

In science, a **property** is anything that  a material or substance. It is a  of that material. For example, how hard the material is, its colour, or its shape. Elasticity is a property of rubber; in other words: rubber is elastic. A property may be a constant (always the same) or it may only appear when something changes, such as temperature.

Chemical properties include things like surface tension, pH, reactivity, allotropy. Conductivity is how able a material is to transport electric charge or heat.

## Other examples
* Ductility, how easy it is to stretch a material
* Flammability, how easily a material will catch fire
* Luminosity, how bright an object is
* Malleability, how easy it is to re-shape a material without damaging it
* Permeability, how dense a magnetic field would be if current passes through it
* Tensile strength, how much force must be applied to a material to break it
* Viscosity, how thick a fluid is

## Related pages
* Physical property
* Chemical property
Approximation theory

**Approximation theory** is a field of mathematics which is concerned with approximating the values of a function. Usually, the approximation is only needed for a range of values or domain. A good approximation will only have a small error in the domain of interest.

There are different ways in which this approximation is done: common ones are using a combination of simpler functions or using polynomials. 

## Related pages 
*Curve fitting
*Rounding
*Taylor series

## Further reading
* Trefethen, L. N. (2019). Approximation theory and approximation practice. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.
Mark B

**Mark Barnes** (1970 – 1 January 2016) also known as **Mark B**, was a British hip-hop record producer. He was most active in the 1990s and early 2000s. He worked with Task Force and Blade on many of his records. Barnes was a disc jockey for Jazz Fudge Recordings for much of his career. Mark B first signed with Jazz Fudge in 1995. He produced some tracks for DJ Vadim's U.S.S.R. albums. His first individual album was *Underworld Connection*, released in 1997. He died in January 2016.

## References
Theatrical property

'']]

A **property**, commonly shortened to **prop** (plural: **props**), is any object used in performing arts during a performance. They are used on the stage in theatre, and on the screen by actors in movies and television. A prop is anything on a stage or a set that is able to be moved. It is different from the scenery, costumes and production equipment.

Anything that is used but is not part of the scenery (the set) is a prop, e.g., furniture, a book that an actor pretends to read, a pipe that they smoke. Food appearing in the production is also a prop.

Props are looked after by a properties master.  Sometimes, for small things like books or , it is the actor who is responsible for making sure he has the prop. This is called a "personal prop".

People have been accidentally killed by props. One case is from 2021.

## Related pages
*The death of Brandon Lee
*Rust shooting incident

## References
Abe Waddington

**Abraham Waddington** (4 February 1893 – 28 October 1959) was an English professional cricketer who was born in the village of Thornton, near Bradford. He was a left arm fast-medium bowler who took 852 wickets in his first-class career, with a best return of 8/34. Besides being a useful lower order batter, he was a good fielder who held 232 catches in his 266 matches. Waddington played for Yorkshire from 1919 to 1927, and in two Test matches for England against Australia in 1920/21.

He also played football for Halifax Town.

## References
Killer Mike

**Michael Santiago Render** (born April 20, 1975), better known by his stage name **Killer Mike**, is an American rapper, activist, and occasional actor. He was born in Atlanta, Georgia. He is the founder of Grind Time Official Records. 

## Career
Mike was first heard on "Snappin' and Trappin, a song from the hip hop duo OutKast's album *Stankonia* (2000). He later appeared on the Grammy-winning song "The Whole World", a single from OutKast's greatest hits album *Big Boi and Dre Present...OutKast*.

In December 2008, Mike signed to T.I.'s Grand Hustle Records. In 2012, he released *R.A.P. Music*, produced by rapper and producer El-P. In 2013, the two formed a duo called Run the Jewels. The two signed to Fool's Gold Records and released *Run the Jewels* in June of that year.

## Politics
Killer Mike is a member of the Democratic Party. He supports Bernie Sanders for President of the United States in the 2016 U.S. presidential election. After introducing Sanders at a rally held in Atlanta November 23, 2015, Mike spent time recording an interview with the presidential candidate. Mike released his interview with Bernie Sanders as a six-part video series the following month.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Sweet Hearts Dance

***Sweet Hearts Dance*** is a 1988 American comedy drama movie directed by Robert Greenwald. It was written by Ernest Thompson. It is about two small-town couples, one married for several years and the other at the beginning of their relationship. It stars Don Johnson, Susan Sarandon, Jeff Daniels, and Elizabeth Perkins. 

It was filmed in Hyde Park, Vermont. The mayor of Burlington and future United States senator Bernie Sanders had a cameo appearance in the movie. It was released on September 23, 1988 to mixed reviews. Critic Roger Ebert gave the movie two out of four stars.

## Other websites
*
Kristine Miller

*, 1957]]
**Kristine Miller** (June 13, 1925 – late 2015) was an American movie actress. She was known for her appearances in film noir and Western movies. She appeared in *I Walk Alone* (1948) with Lizabeth Scott and Burt Lancaster, *Jungle Patrol* (1948), *Too Late for Tears* (1949), *Shadow on the Wall* (1950), and the television series *Stories of the Century'' (1954–55).

Miller was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, to a Danish father and an American mother. She was raised in the United States (in New Orleans, Fresno, Long Island, New York and San Francisco) and in Copenhagen in Denmark. Miller studied at San Francisco State College. She was married to William Schuyler from 1953 until his death in 2013. They had two daughters.

Miller died in late 2015 in a hospital from congestive heart failure in Monterey, California. She was aged 90. Her death was announced on February 4, 2016.

## References
## Other websites
* Kristine Miller at the American Film Institute
*
Laramie

**Laramie** may refer to.

## People
*Jacques LaRamie, Canadian fur trapper, who was killed near the namesake river

## Places
*Laramie, Wyoming
*Laramie County, Wyoming
*Laramie Mountains, a range of peaks in the Rocky Mountains in the states of Wyoming and Colorado in the United States
*Laramie River
*North Laramie River
Katie Ledecky

**Kathleen Genevieve Ledecky** (born March 17, 1997) is an American competition swimmer. At the 2012 Olympics in London, she won the gold medal in the 800-meter freestyle. At the 2016 Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, she won four gold medals.

At the world championships in 2013 in Barcelona, Spain, and the 2015 world championships in Kazan, Russia, she won 9 gold medals in total. She has broken a world record 13 times, in the 400-meter, 800-meter, and 1500-meter freestyle.

Ledecky was born in Washington, D.C.

## References
Vault (gymnastics)

A **vault** is an apparatus that male and female gymnasts perform on. A vault is included in gymnastics competitions such as the olympics. The gymnasts first run before they flip on the vault. Either the male or female gymnast perform a flip in the air and land on the floor. When the gymnast lands on the floor, he or she has to be in .

Early forms of the vault were invented by German Friedrich Ludwig Jahn. The apparatus itself originated as a "horse", much like the pommel horse but without the s. It was sometimes called a "vaulting horse". The horse was set up with its long side perpendicular to the run for women, and parallel for men. The vaulting horse was the apparatus used in the Olympics for over a century. It began with the 1896 Summer Olympics and ended with the Gymnastics at the 2000 Summer Olympics.

Following a number of problems, International Gymnastics Federation (FIG) changed the apparatus. They did it for both safety reasons and for better acrobatics. It features a flat, larger, and more cushioned surface almost parallel to the floor. It slopes downward at the end closest to the springboard. Gymnasts nicknamed it the "tongue".

## References
Robert Shapiro (lawyer)

**Robert Leslie Shapiro** (born September 2, 1942) is an American civil lawyer of Jewish descent. He is a senior partner in the law firm Glaser Weil Fink Jacobs Howard Avchen & Shapiro, LLP, which is based in Los Angeles.

Shapiro was born in Plainfield, New Jersey. He studied at the University of California, Los Angeles and Loyola Law School.

Shapiro is known for being part of the team which successfully defended O. J. Simpson in 1995 from the charges that he murdered his ex-wife Nicole Brown and Ronald Goldman in 1994. Shortly after the O. J. Simpson trial, Shapiro moved his practice away from criminal defense toward the civil litigation arena.

He is also the voice of, and pictured in, the television commercials for the LegalZoom company he co-founded.

## References
## Other websites
*
Grand jury

A **grand jury** is a legal body which has the power to conduct official proceedings to  possible criminal conduct. They also decide whether criminal charges should be brought. A grand jury may subpoena evidence and may compel the sworn  of witnesses who appear before it. Grand juries are made up of from 16 to 23 people in the United States. They meet for a period of one month up to a year. However, jurors may only have to meet for a few days each month. The juries meet in private. The suspected person, called a suspect, is not usually present. About half the states in the US do not regularly use grand juries.).

## History 
In 1166 an  of King Henry II of England, called the Assize of Clarendon, called for "the oath of *twelve men from every hundred and four men from every vill" to meet and decide who was guilty of robbery, theft or murder. It was the early ancestor of the jury system and of the grand jury. The United Kingdom abolished grand juries in 1933. Many of their former colonies including 
Canada, Australia and New Zealand have also stopped using them. But judges almost never . Their other purpose is to investigate and help the prosecutor gather evidence. Critics claim grand juries have failed to do both.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Handbook For Federal Grand Jurors 
* Grand Juries Resource Guide 
* American Bar Association
Show Don't Tell

"'''Show Don't Tell'*" is a 1989 song by Canadian progressive rock band Rush and is the leading single from their 13th studio album *Presto''. It went to number 1 on the Billboard Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart.

## Track listing
Music by Lifeson, Peart, and Lee. Lyrics by Peart.

**US release**:
#Show Don't Tell - 5:01

**Canadian release**:
#Show Don't Tell (Edit) - 4:17
#Red Tide - 4:29
#Force Ten (live) - 4:50

## References
Jefferson City

**Jefferson City** is the name of three places in the United States:
*Jefferson City, Missouri, the state capital of Missouri
*Jefferson City, Montana, small census-designated place in Montana
*Jefferson City, Tennessee, small city in Tennessee
Albany County

**Albany County** is the name of two counties in the United States:

* Albany County, New York
* Albany County, Wyoming
Sussex County

**Sussex County** may refer to:

In Australia
* Sussex County, Western Australia

In the **United States**:
* Sussex County, Delaware
* Sussex County, New Jersey
* Sussex County, Virginia
Kent County

**Kent County** may refer to:

## Australia
* the former name of Kent Land District, Tasmania, Australia 
* Kent County, Western Australia

## Canada
* Kent County, New Brunswick
* Kent County, Ontario

## United Kingdom
* The County of Kent 

## United States
* Kent County, Delaware 
* Kent County, Maryland 
* Kent County, Michigan - the most populous Kent County in the U.S.
* Kent County, Rhode Island 
* Kent County, Texas 
* New Kent County, Virginia
Sten Mk II

re-enactor with Sten]]

**The Sten Mk II** was the main submachine gun of the British military in World War II. 

Early in the war, the US lent many weapons to the British to fight German forces, including the Thompson submachine gun. However, since the Thompson was expensive to make in large numbers, the British made a submachine gun of their own, that would be cheap and quick to make. They made 100,000 Sten Mark I and millions of Sten Mk II.

The weapon was only made of 47 parts, making it relatively fast to put together and take apart and therefore easy to ship and hide. This feature made it popular among resistance fighters, including the Free French. 

It was also the first SMG to have a silencer made for it, making it useful for stealth and surprise. However, due to its low quality, it was not a very reliable weapon as it tended to jam very frequently and fire entire magazines without pulling the trigger. 

British soldiers who captured German MP-40 would often abandon the Sten and use the MP-40 instead. The switch was not difficult since both weapons fired the same type of bullet, the 9x19mm Parabellum, with the same type of magazines (which meant that they could use the enemy's ammunition to load their Stens or vice versa).

Mk II variant Stens was the most common submachine gun model in service with the Bangladesh Army during the mid-1970s. Which is also suspected to be used by the assassins in the 1975 assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in a military coup.

## References
Dallas McKennon

**Dallas Raymond McKennon** (July 19, 1919 – July 14, 2009), sometimes credited as **Dal McKennon**, was an American actor. He had many roles as a voice actor in a career lasting over 50 years. His best-known roles were that of Gumby for Art Clokey, Archie Andrews for Filmation's *Archie* series, and the main voice of Buzz Buzzard in the *Woody Woodpecker* cartoons.

## Filmography
### Live-Action roles
**Mystery Mansion* - Sam
**The Cat from Outer Space* - Farmer
**The Andersonville Trial* - First Guard
**Hot Lead and Cold Feet* - Saloon Man
**Tom Thumb* - Con-Fu-Shon (voice)
**Daniel Boone* - Cincinnatus

### Animated roles
**The Gumby Show* - Gumby / Pokey / Prickle / Henry / Denali / Rodgy (re-dubbed voice)
**Space Funnies* - Captain Jet
**Walter Lantz* series - Inspector Willoughby
**The Hardy Boys* (1969 cartoon series) - Joe Hardy/Chubby Morton 
**Archie* cartoon series - Archie Andrews
**The Puppetoon Movie* (1987) – Additional voices including the character Gumby.
**Courageous Cat* and Minute Mouse cartoon series - Courageous Cat
**Q.T. Hush* series - Q.T. Hush/Shamus
**Woody Woodpecker* series - Buzz Buzzard
*''Hergé's Adventures of Tintin* - Tintin / Professor Calculus
**Lady and the Tramp* - Toughy, Pedro, Professor, Hyena
**Sleeping Beauty* - The Owl 
**One Hundred and One Dalmatians* - Additional voices
**The Misadventures of Merlin Jones* - Detective Hutchins 
**How the Grinch Stole Christmas* - Max
**The Adventures of Mark Twain* - Jim Smiley
**Mary Poppins* - Fox, Penguin #2, Hunting Horse, Merry-Go-Round Operator 
**Tom and Jerry* short, *Cat and Dupli-cat* - Falsetto
**Bedknobs and Broomsticks* - Bear
**The Birds* - Sam the Chef
**The Hall Of Presidents* - Andrew Jackson
**The American Adventure* - Benjamin Franklin
**Clambake* - Gas station attendant
**Wee Sing: Nursery Rhymes and Lullabies* - Narrator/Crooked old man 
**Wee Sing: King Cole's Party* - Crooked old man
**Gumby: The Movie* - Gumby, Professor Kapp, Fatbuckle, Lucky Claybert, Nobuckle
**Omby Amby* - *Journey Back to Oz*
**The Haunted Mansion* - Deaf Old Man

### Video games
**Crash Bandicoot* & *Crash Bandicoot 2: Cortex Strikes Back* - Ripper Roo (laugh only)
**Disney's Magical Mirror Starring Mickey Mouse'' - The Ghost (archive footage - uncredited)

## References
## Other websites
*Dallas McKennon - Daily Telegraph obituary
*
*
*Dallas McKennon  from The Observer (La Grande)
Philip Bailey

**Philip James Bailey** (born May 8, 1951) is an American singer-songwriter, percussionist and actor. He was one of the lead singers (along with group founder Maurice White) of the band Earth, Wind & Fire. He has won seven Grammy Awards. He has released ten albums, including *Chinese Wall*. He also performed the duet "Easy Lover" with Phil Collins.

Bailey was born in Denver, Colorado. He has been married twice and has six children.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Bad Dudes Vs. DragonNinja

***Bad Dudes Vs. Dragon Ninja*** is a video game created in 1988 by the company Data East. It was originally made for arcades. It was popular as an arcade game.

It is an action game with good charts and sound. There is a boss at the end of each level. In the last level all the bosses confront the player one by one. After they are all defeated, the Dragon Boss appears.

## References
.45 ACP

The **.45 ACP** (Automatic Colt Pistol) .45 ACP (11.43×23mm) is a type of bullet, made to be used in the M1911 pistol used by the U.S. Military.The .45 Auto was the original round for the 1911,was 1mm longer then the .45 ACP, and was first made by John Browning in 1904. It was the standard for handguns in the U.S. military until they switched to the Beretta M9 (Beretta 92) in 1985 that used a smaller caliber 9mm bullet.

The .45 ACP is famous for being the bullet used in the M1911 and for being the choice of the U.S. Military for their pistols for almost 75 years. The .45 ACP has good stopping power due to the large size of the bullet (typically 230 grain), the low pressure casing and the ~850 fps velocity that is not designed to over penetrate, but instead create significant internal damage to targets. 

It was used for guns like the M1911, the Thompson submachine gun  the M3 Grease Gun, the USP45, the UMP45, the TDI Kriss Super V, the MAC-10, and many other guns.

## References
John Jenkins (composer)

**John Jenkins** (1592–1678) was an English composer. He became famous for writing music for small groups for amateurs and gentlemen to perform in their houses. He performed at court for King Charles I. After the Restoration he was appointed as a court musician.

He is best known for his consort music for viols, mainly fantasias. About 800 of his works have survived.

## References