open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
University of Texas at Arlington

The **University of Texas at Arlington** is a public university in Arlington, Texas.  About 25,000 students are enrolled (currently taking classes).  It was founded in 1895.

## References
## Other websites
*The University of Texas at Arlington
Old Persian language

The **Old Persian language** is one of two Old Iranian languages. The other is Avestan). Old Persian was used during the Achaemenid era (c. 600 BC to 300 BC). Examples of Old Persian have been found in Iran, Iraq, Turkey and Egypt. It belongs to the Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family and was originally spoken during the Old Iranian period ( – 400 BCE) by the Iranians living in the eastern portion of Greater Iran.

## Classification
Old Persian is an Old Iranian language and a member of the Southwestern Iranian language group. As an Iranian language, Old Persian is a member of the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family.

Old Persian subsequently developed into Middle Persian, which is in turn the nominal ancestor of New Persian.

## Phonology
The following phonemes are expressed in the Old Persian script:

**Vowels**
*Long: 
*Short: 

**Consonants**

## Grammar
### Nouns
Old Persian stems:
* a-stems (-a, -am, -ā)
* i-stems (-iš, iy)
* u- (and au-) stems (-uš, -uv)
* consonantal stems (n, r, h)

Adjectives are declinable in a similar way.

### Verbs
**Voices**
Active, Middle (thematic present -**aiy-**, -**ataiy-**), Passive (-**ya-**).

In Old Persian, the first- and the third-person forms were mostly used. The only dual form used was *ajīva**tam*** 'both lived'.

## Lexicon
## Related pages
*Indo-Iranian languages

## References and bibliography
* 
* 
* 
* : 238-245
* : 56–85
* 

## Further reading
* 
* 
* 
* 
*University Of Chicago (2007, June 22). Everyday text shows that Old Persian was probably more commonly used than previously thought.http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/06/070619100108.htmhttp://www.physorg.com/news101409720.html
Palos Verdes

**Palos Verdes** is often used to refer to a group of coastal cities on the **Palos Verdes Peninsula** in the Los Angeles/South Bay area of California.

Palos Verdes Estates, Rancho Palos Verdes, Rolling Hills, and Rolling Hills Estates are the larger cities in the area.

## History
The peninsula was originally inhabited by Native Americans belonging to the Tongva (sometimes referred to as "Gabrielino") tribe, and first described in 1542 by Portuguese explorer Juan Cabrillo.  

## Schools
The Palos Verdes Peninsula Unified School District has one of the highest rated API scores in California 
, and has one of the highest average SAT scores  and one of the highest percentage of students successfully completing the advanced placement exams  in the county.  

## Trivia
Disney's Pirates of the Caribbean films were partly photographed on and off the coast of Palos Verdes Peninsula. A tent city for production was constructed in the Redondo Beach Marina. The Black Pearl and several production vessels were seen on the waters daily as were helicopters filming for overhead shots. 

The name "Palos Verdes" is Spanish for *green sticks*.

## Notable residents
*George Takei - actor, famous as Hikaru Sulu from *Star Trek*
*Chuck Norris - Walker, Texas Ranger, owns several properties in the region
*Christopher Boyce and Andrew Daulton Lee - who sold U.S. secrets to the Soviets and were portrayed in the book and movie *The Falcon and the Snowman*
*Body Glove - co-founder Bob Meistrell, who invented the first "practical" wet suit
*John Tu Billionaire
*Pete Caroll - USC Head Football Coach
*Gary Wright - Musician 
*Angelyne - Billboard model
*Michael Dudikoff - Actor 
*Scott Shaw - Author, actor and filmmaker 
*Sasha Vujacic and Elden Campbell - Former pro basketball players 
*Deepak Chopra - Writer

## References
## Other websites 
*History of Palos Verdes 
*Palos Verdes Chamber of Commerce 
*Welcome to Palos Verdes California 
*Marymount College 
*Palos Verdes Library District
Federal Information Processing Standards

**Federal Information Processing Standards** (**FIPS**) are standards made by the Federal government of the United States for non-military government agencies and by government contractors to use, and they are announced to the public.

Many FIPS standards are modified versions of standards used in the wider community (ANSI, IEEE, ISO, etc.)

## Standard Publications 
Some FIPS standards were originally developed by the U.S. government. For instance, standards for encoding data (e.g. country codes), but more significantly some encryption standards, such as the Data Encryption Standard (FIPS 46 ) and the Advanced Encryption Standard (FIPS 197 ).

## Other websites 
* FIPS homepage
* FIPS resource center 
* Computer Security Division
P.U.N.K.S.

***P.U.N.K.S.*** is a 1999 movie. It stars Jessica Alba, Randy Quaid, and Henry Winkler.

## Other websites
*
Live USB system creator

The **Live USB system creator** is to tool designed to create Live USBs of Ubuntu from a running Ubuntu Live CD

## Features
* Detects available USB flash drives (using HAL)
* Partitions USB flash drive with 1 partition
* Sets partition bootable
* Writes MBR to USB flash drive
* Formats partition FAT32
* Installs bootloader (syslinux) to partition
* Writes bootloader configuration file
* Copies necessary files from running Live CD to USB flash drive
* Sets language and keyboard of USB Live system to match running Live CD
* Optionally: Downloads and integrates Adobe Flash Player
* Optionally: Enables persistent /home (Ubuntu 8.10 and later only)

## Related pages
*List of tools to create Live USB systems
*Ubuntu Live USB creator
Jhelum River

**Jehlum River or Jhelum River** (Punjabi: ਜੇਹਲਮ, Punjabi:  is the largest and most western of the five rivers of Punjab, and passes through Jhelum District. It is a tributary of the Indus River and has a total length of about 480 miles (774 kilometers).

## Course 
The river Jhelum rises from a spring at Verinag situated at the foot of the Pir Panjal in the south-eastern part of the valley of Kashmir. It flows through Srinagar and the Wular Lake before entering Pakistan from Kashmir through a deep narrow gorge. The Kishenganga Neelum River, the largest tributary of the Jhelum, joins it near Muzaffarabad, as does the next largest, the Kunhar River of the Kaghan valley. It also connects with Pakistan and Pakistan-administered Kashmir on Kohala Bridge east of Circle Bakote. It is then joined by the Poonch river, and flows into the Mangla reservoir in the Mirpur District. The Jhelum enters the Punjab in the Jhelum District. From there, it flows through the plains of Pakistan's Punjab, forming the boundary between the Chaj and Sindh Sagar Doabs. It ends in a confluence with the Chenab at Trimmu in District Jhang. The Chenab merges with the Sutlej to form the Panjnad River which joins the Indus River at Mithankot.

## Related pages
* List of rivers of Pakistan
8 Eyes

***8 Eyes*** is a 1988 video game created by Thinking Rabbit for the Nintendo Entertainment System.  The game has eight levels in it, and can be played by one or two players.  In the game, a soundtrack, composed by Kenzou Kumei, had three songs for each of the eight levels, each set in a different part of the world.  It has almost the same gameplay and graphics to *Castlevania*.  The name of the main character of the game is Orin, and he looks like Simon Belmont from the Castlevania games.

## Other websites 
*
Maggot

A **maggot** is the common name of the larval phase of development in insects of the order Diptera (flies). Sometimes, the word is used to describe the larval stage of any insect.

## Parasitic Maggots 
While large maggots only eat necrotic tissue in living animals and can be symbiotic, certain types of maggots are parasitic, like the Botfly larvae. These larvae spend part of their life cycle as parasites under the skin of living animals. As a result myiasis will take place in the host causing symptoms like sores and irritating lesions and even death.

## Gallery 

Image: Museslervos.jpg|Maggots.
Maggots, London Zoo, London.jpg|Different types of maggots.

## Other websites 
*Maggot vending machines in the UK 
*Maggot Therapy Project  - Website at the University of California, Irvine, list of maggot therapy practitioners
* suppliers of Medical Maggots (disinfected Phaenicia sericata larvae), picture of Medical Maggots vial
* BioTherapeutics Education and Research Foundation
*Get rid of Maggots - Website with visitors' input on getting rid of maggots
*Biotherapy with leeches and maggots 

## Related pages 
*Flies
Undertow (Tool album)

***Undertow*** is Tool's first full-length album, released in 1993. When this album was released, grunge music was at its most popular, and pop punk was slowly beginning to become popular. *Undertow* helped heavy metal music continue as a leading mainstream musical style, and allowed several later bands to break through to the mainstream. Allmusic saw the album's success in the "striking, haunting visuals that complemented the album's nihilistic yet wistful mood."

The album was recorded between October and December 1992 at Grand Master Studios, Hollywood, California, and includes songs that the band decided to not release on their previous EP, *Opiate*.

## Track listing
### CD
All songs written by Tool unless otherwise noted.

:1. "Intolerance" – 4:53
:2. "Prison Sex" – 4:56
:3. "Sober" - 5:06
:4. "Bottom" - 7.13 (Tool, Henry Rollins)
:5. "Crawl Away" - 5:29
:6. "Swamp Song" - 5:31
:7. "Undertow" - 5:21
:8. "4°" - 6:02
:9. "Flood" - 7:45
:69. "Disgustipated" - 15:47

"Disgustipated" is track 69 on most pressings in North America (causing most CD players upon reaching the end of track 9 to advance through tracks 10-68, which contain no data, at a rate of about 2 per second until track 69 is reached). It also appears as track 39, track 10 (mostly in Europe) or as a hidden track following "Flood" on track 9.
On certain Japanese imports, "Disgustipated" is track 70, with a short live version of "Flood" as track 71.
The exact breakdown of "Disgustipated" is as follows:)

:Percussion/Animal sounds - 0:00 - 1:10
:Preacher - 1:11 - 2:32
:Disgustipated - 2:33 - 6:45
:Crickets - 6:46 - 13:50
:Phone message - 13:51 - 15:47

### LP
#### Side one
#"Intolerance"
#"Prison Sex"
#"Sober"
#### Side two
#"Bottom"
#"Crawl Away"
#"Swamp Song"
#### Side three
#"Undertow"
#"4°"
#"Flood"
#### Side four
#"Disgustipated"

## Charting
### Albums
### Singles
## Accolades
(*) designates unordered lists.

## References
Xbox Network

**Xbox Network** (formerly known as Xbox LIVE) is the online gaming service created by Microsoft for the Xbox, Xbox 360, Xbox One and Xbox Series S/X. It costs about $50 USD per year (in America) and has over 31 million subscribers as of 2013. There are two versions of Xbox Live; Xbox Game Pass Core (formerly Gold) and Free. Free allows an online 'friends list' and downloads, but does not allow users to play games against other people online. Game Pass Core is the same as Free, but with the addition of online gaming and a free select library of games with a cost of $50/£40 a year. Subscribers can pay with a credit card or by special cards which are bought in shops and enter the codes online. 

## Microsoft Points 
Microsoft Points or MS points was the previous currency of Xbox Live. In 2013 they changed it to actual currency such as Dollars or Euros. On Xbox Live you can buy many things ranging from movies to games to DLC. You can buy full games on Xbox 360 and Xbox One or Xbox Live Arcade games.

## References 
## Other websites
The Unofficial Guide To Live, The most popular independent Xbox Live support website for all things Xbox Live (NAT, IP Address Failed, Wireless...)
The Hundred and One Dalmatians

***The 00 and 1 Dalmatians***, or ***The Great Dog Robbery*** is a 1956 children's novel by Dodie Smith.  The story is about Cruella de Vil and her plans to skin 101 Dalmatian puppies to make a fur coat. The puppies are rescued by other animals. Disney released an animated movie in 1961 based on the book as *101 Dalmatians*. The book has been published as *101 Dalmatians*. Smith wrote a sequel to the book called *The Starlight Barking*.

## References
Alexander Arutiunian

**Alexander Arutiunian** (born September 23, 1920, Yerevan; died March 28, 2012) was an Armenian composer and pianist, widely-known particularly for his Trumpet concerto. He was awarded by the State Prizes of USSR (1949) and Armenia (1970), People's Artist of the USSR (1970) and Armenian SSR (1964) honorary titles, "St Mesrop Mashtots" and "Khorenatsi" Armenian medals, "Alexandrov" Gold medal (1976), "St Sahak and St Mesrop" Order by Holy Etchmiadzin (2004).

He graduated from the Music Conservatory of Yerevan, then he studied composition with Genrikh Litinsky. After graduation he returned to Yerevan to teach at the local Conservatory and later he became artistic director of the Armenian Philarmonic Orchestra.

In 1948 he was awarded the USSR State Prize for the *Motherland* cantata, a graduation piece he wrote as a student at the Moscow Conservatory. He has continued to win acclaim at home and abroad for his works, many of which are quickened by the folk traditions of Armenian music.

Some of Arutiunian's works for wind instruments, notably the 1950 concerto for trumpet, the concerto for tuba, and the brass quintet *Armenian Scenes*, have secured their place in the international repertory, having been performed by conductors such as Valeri Gergiev, who has recorded his Symphony for large orchestra, composed in 1957 with the Symphony orchestra of the Russian All-Union Radio. In 1988, he composed his Violin Concerto "Armenia-88".

## Filmography 
### Music for Films 
* *Nahapet* (1977) (as *Life Triumphs* in USA)
* *Za chas do rassveta* (An Hour Before the Dawn, 1973, TV)
* *Sirtn e yergum* (The Heart Sings, 1957)
* *Urvakannere heranum en lernerits* (Ghosts Leave the Peaks, 1955)
* *Aleph, lectures contades* (2000) Italian TV episode (soundtrack: "Concerto for trombone and orchestra")

### As Actor 
* *Lalvari vorskane* (Lalvar Hunter, 1967) as Zako

## Other websites 
* www.alexanderarutiunian.com 
* List of works 
* Arutiunian's 85th Birthday Concert in Yerevan 
* Arutunian at IMDB

## References
101 Dalmatians

**101 Dalmatians** may mean:

* *The Hundred and One Dalmatians*, a 1956 novel written by Dodie Smith
* *One Hundred and One Dalmatians*, a 1961 Walt Disney animated movie
* *101 Dalmatians* (1996 movie), a 1996 live-action remake of the Walt Disney movie
* *101 Dalmatians: The Series*, a Disney television series that aired from 1997-1998
* ''101 Dalmatians II: Patch's London Adventure*, an animated sequel to the 1961 Disney movie

## Related pages 
* *102 Dalmatians'', a sequel to the 1996 movie released in November 2000.
Coulomb's law

'''Coulomb's law''' is a formula developed in the 1780s by physicist Charles-Augustin de Coulomb. It explains how strong the force will be between two electrostatic charges. Electrostatic means electric charges without any motion.

## Direction 
Let's think of two electric charges existing in an empty space. If the two charges are opposite, (+) and (-) charges for example, they will attract each other. And if two charges are both the same, both (+) or both (-) for example, they will push each other. This is similar to how magnets act, as N and S attract each other, and as N and N, S and S push each other.

This is because electric charges make an electric field. If two fields exist in the same space at the same time, then the two fields exert (~ put) force on each other. The force they make on each other is called 'Coulomb's force' or the **electrostatic force**. Coulomb's law explains how big the force will be.

## Scale 
Coulomb's law explains the scale between two electric charges.
The scale of electrostatic force follows the function below.
:F = {K_c}\frac{q_1q_2}{r^2}
Coulomb's law explains that the force scale F is relative to ratio of q_1,q_2,\frac{1}{r^2}.

q_1 and q_2 are the scales of each electric charge. r is the distance between the two electric charges. And K_c has a certain value. It does not change relative to q_1, q_2 or r. While {K_c} remains constant, when multiples of q_1 and q_2 become bigger, the **electrostatic force** will also get bigger. When the distance r becomes bigger, the electrostatic force will become smaller by the ratio of \frac{1}{r^2}.
The exact size of K_c is

\begin{align}
k_c &= 8.987\ 551\ 787\ \times 10^9 \\
\end{align}

 \approx 9 \times 10^9N m2 C−2 (or m F−1). This constant is called '''Coulomb's force constant'* or the electrostatic force constant.

## Inverse-square law 
The relation between the force of pushing or pulling (F) and the distance between the particles (r) follows the Inverse-square Law. Inverse-square law means that when the distance r grows bigger, the force gets weaker by the ratio \frac{1}{r^2}. Gravitation, Electromagnetic radiation, and sound loudness also follow this law.

## Related pages 
* Magnetic
* Electrostatic
* Coulomb, the SI unit of electric charge named after Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
* Inverse-square law, the physical law that shows the relation between distance and Intensity.

## Other websites 
* *Coulomb's Law'' on Project PHYSNET.
* A maze game for teaching Coulomb's Law
Snow White (disambiguation)

**Snow White** can mean:

## Literature 
* Snow White, title character of various popular fairy tales
* Snow White, a title character in *Snow White and Rose-Red*, a fairy tale unrelated to the Snow White listed above
* Snow White (Fables), a character in the comic book *Fables*, created by Bill Willingham as an amalgam of the two characters mentioned above
* *Snow White*, a 1967 novel by Donald Barthelme
* *Snow White*, a 1987 novelization by Suzanne Weyn

## Movies 
* Snow White (1916 movie), a Famous Players-Lasky Corporation silent movie
* *Snow White* (1933 movie), a cartoon with Betty Boop, from Fleischer Studios
* Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 movie), a feature-length animated movie produced by Walt Disney
*  Snow White (1987 movie), a 1987 movie
*  The Legend of Princess Snow White,an anime production
* *Snow White: A Tale of Terror*, a 1997 movie
* *Snow White* (TV film), a 2001 TV movie
* *Snow White* (2005 movie), a modern adult drama set in Zurich, Switzerland

## Other 
* History of IBM#1960–1968: The System/360 era|IBM and its major mainframe competitors in the 1960s, who were sometimes referred to as "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs"
* *Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs* (ballet)
* *Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs* (1912 play), a Broadway play
* *Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs* (1979 musical), a Broadway musical based on the 1937 film
* *Schneewittchen* (opera), a 1998 opera by Heinz Holliger
*  Snow White design language,a design profile used for a number of Apple computers
*  Operation Snow White,an infiltration effort perpetrated by the Church of Scientology against the United States of America
* *Snow White* (horse)
* *Snow White* (album), a 2007 album by Corinna Fugate
Leprechaun

In Irish mythology, a **leprechaun** () is a type of male fairy said to live in the island of Ireland. They are a class of fairy folk" in Irish mythology and folklore, as with all fairies, with the Tuatha Dé Danann  

They usually form into the look of old men and who enjoy doing trouble. They are said to be very rich, having many treasure crocks buried during war-time. Legend says, if someone looks at one of them, the leprechaun cannot escape, but the moment the person looks away, he disappears.

## Other websites 
* The Leprechaun Companion (an illustrated guide)
Asian snake-eyed skink

The **Asian snake-eyed skink** (*Ablepharus pannonicus*) is a species of skink. It lives in the Caucasus Mountains and the Greater Middle East. It is a small skink, with a body color that can be brown or copper green, and some have a white stripe along their side.

## References
Crosswords DS

***Crosswords DS*** (also known as ***CrossworDS***) is a crosswords video game made by Nuevo Retro Games and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS game console. It has three games - Crosswords, Word search, and Anagrams.

## Other websites
* IGN web page for Crosswords DS
Greater Middle East

and the G8's Greater Middle East.]]
The **Greater Middle East** (also known as "**The New Middle East**") is a political term that groups together various countries, related to the Arab world with Iran, Turkey, and Cyprus, marginal countries such as Pakistan and Afghanistan. Various Central Asian countries and the lower Caucasus (Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia) and Greece are sometimes also included. Some speakers may use the term to denote areas with significant Muslim majorities, but this usage is not universal. The countries and Territories of the GME are as the following:

#  Afghanistan
#  Algeria
#  Armenia
#  Azerbaijan
#  Djibouti
#  Eritrea
#  Georgia
#  Kazakhstan
#  Kyrgyzstan
#  Libya
#  Malta
#  Mauritania
#  Morocco
#  Pakistan
#  Tajikistan
#  Tunisia
#  Turkmenistan
#  Uzbekistan
Fedora Unity

**Fedora Unity** is a community project to build comprehensive and concise websites and content that provide Fedora users and contributors with quality information.

All submissions to the project are covered by the Open Publication License (with no options) unless otherwise noted in order to allow submission to the Fedora Documentation Project.

## Re-spins 
The Fedora Unity project produces ISO images for i386 and x86_64 architectures that are available as Jigdo downloads, containing slipstreamed installation media.

Last release: 20080720 launched, July of 2008, it includes Fedora 9 plus all updates as of July 18th, 2008.

## Other websites 
* http://fedoraunity.org/ 
* http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/
* http://torrent.fedoraunity.org/
Text box

" is being typed.]]
A **text box** is a box that people type things into the computer. Text boxes are commonly used on websites as searchbars.
Picross DS

***Picross DS*** is a puzzle video game made by Jupiter and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS game console.

## Reception
*Picross DS* got many great reviews. IGN gave it a 9.0/10 and an Editor's Choice Award. The magazine said the game was one of the most addictive games for the Nintendo DS. They liked it for its downloadable puzzles, create-a-puzzle mode, and the number of puzzles to play. They said that the game's biggest mistake was that it penalized the player for missing by adding time, but doesn't count how many times the player misses.
Type

**Type** may mean:

In **philosophy**:
*A type is a category of being
*Type-token distinction
*Type theory, basis for the study of type systems

In **mathematics**:
*Type (model theory)
*Type or Arity, the number of operands a function takes
*Type, any proposition or set in the Intuitionistic type theory

In **computing**:
*Data type, collection of values used for computations
*Type (command), a shell command.
*Type system, defines a programming language's response to data types
*Type inference, to decide the type in an automatic way using rules

In **sociology**:
*Ideal type
*Normal type
*Typification

**Other**:
*Type (band), name of Portuguese DJ and musician Cyz (Cynthia Zamorano)
*Typeface, used in typesetting
*Typing, Pressing buttons (keys) on a keyboard to enter text
*Architectural type, classification of architecture by functional types (houses, institutions), morphological types or historical types
*The yellowchair performance experience, a theatre company often abbreviated to TYPE
*Dog type, categorisation by use or function of domestic dogs
*Biological type, which fixes a scientific name to a taxon

## Related pages 
*Kind
Maxis

**Maxis Software** is an American company that was founded as a video game developer and is now a brand name of Electronic Arts (EA). Maxis' second software title was *SimCity*, a city simulation and planning game. Maxis is also the creator of the best-selling computer game of all time, *The Sims* and its sequel *The Sims 2* and a title called *Spore* in which you guide a creature from cell form to smart, developed creatures. These four titles and their related products are the brand's most popular and successful lines.

Most Maxis titles are simulation-based, though none are considered traditional simulations. Maxis founder Will Wright likens them as "digital dollhouses." Maxis has also released games developed by other production houses, such as *A-Train* and *SimTower*.

## Acquisition by EA 
Electronic Arts (EA) completed its acquisition of Maxis on July 28, 1997. EA kept some of the original staff, including Will Wright. Products were shipped under the Maxis logo for several years until 2004, when *The Sims 2* had only the Electronic Arts logo on the box cover. As of October 18 2006, with the release of *The Sims 2: Pets* expansion pack, the Maxis title has been removed from the game's start. Also, up until *The Sims 2: FreeTime*, the logo of Maxis was used for a button in the Options panel of the game to display the credits. In *FreeTime*, the Maxis logo was replaced by a symbol of the Sims plumbob.
Underwater

An **underwater environment**, otherwise known as an **undersea environment** or simply **underwater** or **undersea**, is a place below the surface of a body of water such as an ocean, sea, lake, pond, or river.  Most of the planet Earth is covered by water.  The bottom of the ocean is called the seabed. Most of the seabed is between  below the surface of the ocean. Just like the Earth's dry land, the seabed also has mountains, valleys and flat plains, although they are covered with water. The deepest part of all the world's oceans is a place called the Challenger Deep, which is in the Mariana Trench. It is  under the sea.

Although a number of human activities happen underwater, such as underwater diving for work or recreation, or even warfare with submarines, most of the oceans, especially the deepest parts, have not been explored yet.

## References
Hereford (cattle)

Hereford cattle]]
**Hereford** cattle are a widely used breed in temperate areas, mainly for beef production.

Originally from Herefordshire, England, they are found in the temperate parts of Australia. The breed also enjoys great popularity among ranchers in the desert American Southwest of the United States, as well as in the centre and east of Argentina and in Uruguay. Herefords made up the largest percentage of registered cows among herders in New Zealand. This is a testament to the hardiness of the breed; while originating in cool, moist Britain, they have thrived in much harsher climates. The breed has adapted to a wide range of climates on nearly every continent.

Hornless variants with the polled gene are known as the Polled Herefords. Breeding horned and hornless together functions as a genetic dehorner. This is often used as an alternative to a dehorning process, which causes stress and often weight loss.

## References
 in Victoria, Australia]]
Beef cattle

**Beef cattle** are cattle raised for meat production (as distinguished from dairy cattle). The meat of cattle is known as beef. While the principal use of beef cattle is meat production, other uses include leather, and products used in shampoo and cosmetics. The plural *beeves*, when referring to such meat-animals (of either sex), is well known in the American cattle industry, but is often restricted to steers.
Roman army

, c. 50 AD. At all stages of the Republic and Empire foot soldiers in action carried a shield]]

**The Roman army** is the military of ancient Rome, the forces used by the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and later Roman Empire. Its infantry for much of its history was the Roman legion. Rome also had a navy. The size of the army in the late Roman Empire was about 128,000  179,200 men. It was very well organized. The main Roman soldiers in the Empire were the legionaries. The legions were separated into centuries, made up of 80 soldiers and 20 other men who remained in the camp to cook and do other chores.

Other soldiers in the army were called the *auxilia*. Auxilia were non-citizens who mainly came from the Roman provinces. They were paid less than legionaries and did not usually wear armor but at the end of their service, which was a minimum of 25 years, they were given Roman citizenship.

The army had cavalry units called Equites. Their men were rich enough to have horses and more expensive weapons. Being few, they were less important in battle than the infantry.

## Weapons and equipment 
 type armor]]

The soldiers of the Roman army wore helmets, shields and body protection. In the early to mid-Republican era, legionaries usually bought their own equipment. *Hastati*, the first line of soldiers, usually had breastplates, called a *cuirass*, and some wore *lorica hamata*, or chainmail. The richer principes, the second line of soldiers, could afford *lorica hamata* but they were sometimes seen wearing the cheaper *cuirasses*. Both hastati and principes were each armed with a *gladius* – a short, 60 centimeter (two foot) sword, and each had two *pila* – short spears.

The third line of soldiers, the Triarii, had a *hasta*, a two meter long spear. They were also armed with the *gladius* and had an early form of the *lorica segmenta* or iron band armor. All legionaries had a large rectangular shield, the *scutum*, which had rounded corners.
By the late Republican period, all legionaries carried a *gladius*, two *pila*, a new, larger *scutum*, and wore chainmail.* Lorica segmentata* was only commonly worn between the 2nd and 3rd century.

Larger weapons such as the ballista (large crossbow) and the Onager (catapult) were used in larger battles.

From the Second Punic War onward, Roman armies had units of non-Italian mercenaries, such as Numidian light cavalry, Cretan archers, and Balearic slingers. Roman armies had previously lacked these kinds of troops.

## Training 
The main thing a member of the Roman Army needed was athletic ability. Soldiers were expected to march about 36&nbsp;km (24 miles) in five hours. They also had to be fit to fight well and cope with any injuries.

New soldiers would do two sessions of military drill and give their oath of loyalty to their Commander and Emperor. Every day the whole of the legion would practice running, jumping, sword fighting and javelin throwing.

## References
Tierpark Hagenbeck

**Tierpark Hagenbeck** (translated as "Animal park of Hagenbeck") is the name of the largest zoo in Hamburg, Germany. The park was founded by Carl Hagenbeck in 1907. His father was a fishmonger (a person who buys and sells fish). It was the first zoo in the world to use moats (a moat is a large hole or trench. Animals do not dare cross it).
This was done instead of using cages with bars, so the animals would feel more at home. 

Bombs in the Second World War completely destroyed the zoological garden. With much help from the founding family, it was rebuilt after the war. Two Indian elephants helped to clear the rubble in the zoo.

There are 210 different species in the Tierpark Hagenbeck. The sadness is the only swan which is almost completely black, the Mourning swan. There are also mandrills and baby elephants but no tapirs. There is breeding for orangutans, North Chinese leopards and giant otters from South America.

## References
Ultamatix

**Ultamatix** is a computer program to install other programs on Ubuntu and Debian-based distributions.

## History 
Since the development of Automatix has ended, Ultamatix was developed to provide user an easy way to install software on their Ubuntu systems.

## Supported software 
Many software/features can be installed with Ultamatix, including programs such as the Flash plugin, Adobe Reader, multimedia codecs (including MP3, Windows Media Audio and video-DVD support), fonts, programming software (compilers) and games.

## Related pages
*Getdeb

## Other websites
*Ubuntu extras remix , a version of Ubuntu that already includes ubuntu-restricted-extras
Cover

**Cover** can have more than one meaning:
* Cover (combat technique), a defensive movement
* Cover version, a new performance or recording of a song 
* Something that is put over something, like a lid. 
* The outside of a book
Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom

**Princess Beatrice** (Beatrice Mary Victoria Feodore; 14 April 1857 – 26 October 1944) was the fifth daughter and youngest child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.

Beatrice married Prince Henry of Battenberg, the son of Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine and Julia von Hauke and brother-in-law of her niece Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine on the Isle of Wight on July 23, 1885. They had four children together named Alexander, Victoria, Leopold and Maurice. 

Her husband Prince Henry died in 1896 of malaria while fighting in the Anglo-Asante War. Beatrice remained at her mother's side until her death in 1901. She died aged in 1944, at the age of 87.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Isle of Wight Beacon on Princess Beatrice 
* Information about Queen Victoria's journals
* Regiments page on Princess Beatrice
Xbox Live Vision

The **Xbox Live Vision** is a webcam designed for the Xbox 360 and Xbox Live.

## Overview
The camera can be used for video chat, personalized gamer pictures, in-game video chat, and still pictures. The camera features 640 × 480 video at 30 fps and is capable of taking still images at 1.3 megapixels. It allows for video chat and picture messages using an Xbox Live Gold Subscription with video effects along with in-game compatibility.

It also features three camera effects, in which the currently captured video image is overlaid on the dashboard background. The three effects are 'watery', 'edgy', and 'dotty'. The camera uses a standard USB 2.0 connection and is also Windows (XP and newer) and Mac OS X (v10.4.9 and newer) compatible.

The Xbox Live Vision Camera was announced at E3 2006 and released in North America on September 19, 2006, following a 1-month pre-launch period in which Toys "R" Us stores in New York City and Los Angeles sold them to build up hype. It was released in Europe and Asia on October 6, 2006, and November 2, 2006 in Japan.

## PC compatibility
The Vision Camera is compatible with Windows XP Service Pack 2 using USB 2.0 connection. It requires a microphone for audio when used on a PC. Drivers are not included with the Vision Camera–you must allow Windows to download them automatically when prompted. 

If the Vision Camera is not working and appears as a device in "Universal Serial Bus Controllers" in Device Manager, try the following:

# Go to Device Manager
# Go to USB Controllers, select the camera, right click, and choose Update Driver
# Choose "Install from Specific Location"
# Choose "Don't Search"
# Select USB Composite device

After a few seconds, the device will appear in "Imaging Devices."  In "USB Controllers" there will be an entry called "Microsoft Xbox 360 Live Vision Security Method 3."  This indicates the camera is installed and ready for use.

Mac OS X 10.4.9 added support for the USB "video class" group of peripherals, including Vision Camera. They work in iChat, Photo Booth and other applications that use Quicktime for video display, such as Skype. Connection over USB2 is also mandatory. 

The Vision Camera is also compatible with Sony's PlayStation 3 (requires firmware 1.54). 

## References 
## Other websites
* Xbox Live Vision , Xbox.com
* Xbox Live Membership levels explained on Xbox.com 
* Using Xbox Live Vision with Windows
Move

**Move** may mean:
* Motion, Movement
** Moving, Mover
** Moving Company
** migration, immigration, emigration
** Prime mover
** Remove

**Science **
* Strategy (game theory)
* Move α (linguistics)

**Government, law and politics**
* motion (legal)
* motion (democracy)
* motion (parliamentary procedure)

**computing**
* mv (move), a Unix command
* Move (command), a shell command.
* MOV an x86 assembly language instruction

**Organizations and brands**
* MOVE, a Philadelphia-based organization
* Move.com, an online real estate company
* Daihatsu Move
* MOVE (Hungary), an early Hungarian fascist group
* M.O.V.E. Inc., a New York City based nonprofit organization

**Music**
* "Move", a single by Thousand Foot Krutch from *The Art of Breaking*
* m.o.v.e, a Japanese musical group
* The Move, a 1960s rock band
** The Move (album), their debut album
* Move Records, a record label

**Personal name**
* Daniil Move, a Russian auto racing driver
Limit of a function

In calculus, a branch of mathematics, the **limit of a function** is the behavior of a certain function near a selected input value for that function. Limits are one of the main calculus topics, along with derivatives,  integration, and differential equations.

## Definition of the limit 
The definition of the limit is as follows:
:*If the function f(x) approaches a number L as x approaches a number c, then  \lim_{x \to c}f(x) = L. *

The notation for the limit above is read as "The limit of f(x) as x approaches c is L", or alternatively, f(x) \to L as x \to c  (reads "f(x) tends to L as x tends to c"). Informally, this means that we can make f(x) as close to L as possible—by making x sufficiently close to c from both sides (without making x equal to c).

Imagine we have a function such as f(x)={1 \over x^2}. When x=0,  f(x) is undefined, because f(0)={1 \over 0 ^ {2}} and division by zero is undefined. On the Cartesian coordinate system, the function f(x) = {1 \over x ^ 2} would have a vertical asymptote at x=0. In limit notation, this would be written as:

:*The limit of 1 \over x^2 as x approaches 0 is \infty, which is denoted by   \lim_{x \to 0}{1 \over x^2} = \infty. *

### Right and left limits 
Consider the function f(x)={1 \over x}, we can get as close to 0 in the x-values as we want, so long as we do *not* make x equal to 0. For instance, we could make x=.00000001 or -.00000001, but never 0. Therefore, we can get f(x) as close as we want to \infty or - \infty depending on if we approach 0 from the right side or the left side. The **left limit** is the limit the function tends to if we only approach the target x-value from the left, for instance in the case of f(x)={1 \over x} when getting close to the 0 x-value from the left side, by using x-values that are smaller than 0, the limit would approach - \infty. In the same way, the **right limit** is the limit the function tends to if we only approach the target x-value from the right, for instance in the case of f(x)={1 \over x} when getting close to the 0 x-value from the right side, by using x-values that are larger than 0, the limit would approach \infty.

## Related pages 
* Derivative (mathematics), a quantity defined as a limit of slopes
* Infinity
* Limit of a sequence

## References
Marilyn Manson

**Brian Hugh Warner** (born January 5, 1969 in Canton, Ohio), better known by his stage name **Marilyn Manson**, is an American singer, artist and actor. He is known for his stage name and image as the lead singer of the band named after him. His stage name was formed from the names of actress Marilyn Monroe and murderer, Charles Manson.

Manson is of European-American descent.

Manson is best known for the music he made in the 1990s. Many people thought he was a bad influence on children because of his music. Three of his band's albums have been certified platinum by the RIAA. Manson has been nominated for five Grammy Awards. Four of them were with his band. One of them was for working on *Donda* with Kanye West.

In February 2021, Manson was accused of sexual and physical abuse by many women and men, including his ex-fiancée Evan Rachel Wood.

## Discography
All with the band:
**Portrait of an American Family* (1994)
**Antichrist Superstar* (1996)
**Mechanical Animals* (1998)
* *Holy Wood (In the Shadow of the Valley of Death)* (2000)
**The Golden Age of Grotesque* (2003)
**Eat Me, Drink Me* (2007)
**The High End of Low* (2009)
**Born Villain* (2012)
**The Pale Emperor* (2015)
* *Heaven Upside Down* (2017)
* *We Are Chaos* (2020)
* *One Assassination Under God - Chapter 1* (2024)

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America

## References
Arthur Phillip

Admiral **Arthur Phillip** RN (11 October 1738 – 31 August 1814) was a British naval officer. Phillip was made Governor of New South Wales, the first European colony in Australia, which is now the city of Sydney.

## Early life
Arthur (Kriddler) Phillip was born in Moscow, Russia in 1738. His father was a German-born language teacher, Jacob Phillip. His mother, Elizabeth Breach, was English, and the widow of a navy captain. Phillip went to a school for poor boys at the Greenwich Hospital. At the age of 13 he joined the merchant navy. Phillip joined the Royal Navy at 15. He saw action during the Seven Years' War in the Mediterranean at the Battle of Minorca in 1756. In 1762 he was promoted to Lieutenant. When the war ended in 1763 he was put on half pay. He got married and became a farmer in Lyndhurst, Hampshire. He separated from his wife about six years later.

In 1774 Phillip joined the Portuguese Navy as a captain. He served in the Spanish-Portuguese War, 1776–1777. Phillip took a group of convict ships from Portugal to Brazil. This trip was a success because not many people died. This may have been one of the reasons Phillip was asked to led the expedition to Australia. In 1778 England was at war again, and Phillip was recalled to active service. In 1779 he was given his first command, the ship  *Basilisk*. He was promoted to captain in 1781, and given command of the *Ariadne*. In 1782 he was captain of the *Europe* with his friend Philip Gidley King as his lieutenant. They sailed to India. In 1784 he was back on half pay in England. He spent time in southern France and in 1786 was doing survey work for the Royal Navy.

Phillip soon had problems with the soldiers in the penal colony. Life in Sydney was difficult, without proper houses and not enough food. The officer in charge of the soldiers, Major Robert Ross, wanted to give up the settlement and go back to England. The British government continued to send out convicts, there were over 4000 in Sydney by 1792. Food still needed to be brought in as the colony could not yet grow enough. Phillip began giving small grants of land to ex-convicts to start farms around Parramatta, New South Wales.

## Return to England
On 11 December 1792 Phillip left to go back to England. He needed medical treatment for a pain in his side. The pain was kidney pain from eating so much salted food. It is not known where they are. It is believed they were lost while the church was being repaired in the 1970s. Robertson believes that it is an insult to Phillip that he wasn't buried in one of England's cathedrals. He wants the remains of Phillip found and brought back to Australia. 

## References
## Other websites
* Arthur Phillip's instructions from the British Government
* Arthur Phillip in South America, and why the First Fleet was so welcomed on the way to Botany Bay
Bill Cowher

**William Laird "Bill" Cowher** (born May 8, 1957) is a former American football coach and player.  He coached the Pittsburgh Steelers for 15 seasons.  He is an analyst for *The NFL Today*. He won his only Super Bowl when the Pittsburgh Steelers beat the Seattle Seahawks.

## References
Gibson

**Gibson** may refer to:
* Gibson Guitar Corporation, a guitar corporation established in 1896
* Gibson (surname), a surname
* Gibson, Iowa, a city in the U.S. state of Iowa
* Gibson City, Illinois, a city in the U.S. state of Illinois
* Gibsons, British Columbia, a city in Canada
Gibson Les Paul

The **Gibson Les Paul** is an electric guitar that has been made by Gibson since 1952. It is one of the most popular electric guitars of all time.
Valgorge

** Valgorge ** is a commune in the Ardèche *département* in southern France.

## Related pages
*Communes of the Ardèche department
Tucumcari, New Mexico

**Tucumcari** is a city in the U.S. state of New Mexico. It was founded in 1901 and is the county seat of Quay County.

## References 
## Other websites 
* City of Tucumcari
* Tucumcari Chamber of Commerce
* Eastern Plains Community Action Agency (Early Head Start and Head Start) 
* Mesalands Community College
The Sims 3

***The Sims 3*** is a computer game for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X. It was released on June 2, 2009 and is a sequel to the popular *The Sims* and *The Sims 2* computer games. There have been versions of the game for consoles and mobile phones as well. *The Sims 3* was a success right when it was released. The game has sold 1.4 million copies in its first week and over ten million copies worldwide to date.

EA released a sequel, *The Sims 4*, in September 2, 2014.

## Gameplay 
The Sims 3 is made with the same idea as the games before it. The player controls their own Sims in activities and relationships in a similar manner to real life. The game play is open-ended and has no limits. Sims houses and neighborhoods are in one huge map. The developers stated, "What you do outside your home now matters as much as what you do within." The game includes an optional feature called "Story Progression", which allows all Sims in the neighborhood to continue on their own as if the player were controlling them, such as grow up, get married, get jobs and promotions, have children, and build or buy their dream house while the player is not playing. The Sims 2 used a reward system called Wants and Fears. This is replaced with a new system called Wishes in The Sims 3. Completing a Sim's wish helps the Sim's Lifetime Happiness score and mood. Some wishes, such as "Go to the Park", may add little points to their lifetime happiness while "Have A Baby Boy" may add thousands of points. In The Sims 2, Wants and Fears also contributed to a Sim's "Aspiration" meter, the same to current self-esteem. In The Sims 3, Aspiration is removed entirely, replaced with "Moodlets", which contribute good or bad values to the original Motivation meter. Moodlets can be inspired by physical events, such as having a good meal or comfort from sitting in a good chair, as well as emotional events like a first kiss or a break-up. Most moodlets last for a set amount of time, but some bad Moodlets can be cured (such as the one caused by a need to use the bathroom) and some positive ones rely on the Sim's surroundings and traits.

## References