Komodo dragon

The **Komodo dragon** (*Varanus komodoensis*) is a species of monitor lizard. They live in the Indonesian islands of Komodo, Rincah, Flores, Gili Motang, and Gili Dasami. 

It is the largest living lizard. They grow to a length of 2–3 meters (about 6.5–10 ft) and weigh around 70 kg (154 pounds). Komodo dragon bites can be very dangerous, and they sometimes attack people.

Western scientists first saw Komodo dragons in 1910. They are very popular animals in zoos because they are big and look . The lizards are in some danger. There are very few Komodo dragons still alive on their home islands. Indonesian law does not allow hunting these lizards. Komodo National Park was made to help protect Komodo dragons.

The Komodo dragon has other names. Some scientists called it the Komodo monitor or the Komodo Island monitor. But, this is not usual. The people who live in Komodo Island call them *ora*, *buaja durat* (land crocodile) or *biawak raksasa* (giant monitor).

## Description 
The Komodo dragon is cold-blooded. Its tail is as long as its body. It has about 60 sharp teeth that can grow up to 2.5 centimeters (1 inch) long. It also has a long, yellow, forked tongue. This makes a good environment for dangerous bacteria that live in its mouth.

### Size 
These lizards are the top predators in the places where they live because they are so big.
 
People used to think they were very big because there are no other large, meat-eating animals on the islands where they live. Therefore, they did not have to compete with other similar animals for the same food and places to live. People also thought they were big because of their low metabolic rate.

However, facts are different. The fossil record shows that the Komodo is the last of a group of lizards called varanids. These lizards have been about the same size for nearly a million years. They came from Australia nearly four million years ago, and spread to much of Indonesia. Their size has nothing to do with being on a relatively small island.

### Senses 
The Komodo dragon's earholes are easy to see, but Komodo dragons are not very good at hearing. They are able to see as far away as 300 meters (985 feet). But, they probably have poor night vision. The Komodo dragon is able to see in color, but has trouble seeing objects that do not move.

. The ear holes are large.]]

The Komodo dragon uses its tongue to taste and smell like many other reptiles. They have a special part of the body called the Jacobson's organ for smelling. One of the most dangerous bacteria in Komodo dragon saliva appears to be a kind of *Pasteurella multocida*. These bacteria cause disease in their victim's blood. If a bite does not kill an animal and it escapes, it will usually die within a week from infection. The Komodo dragon seems to never get sick from its own bacteria. So, researchers have been looking for the lizard's antibacterial. This may be used as medicine for humans.

In addition to the deadly bacteria, the Komodo dragon has venom glands in its lower jaws. This poison is as strong as the venomous taipan snake's. The venom is a blood thinner. It can cause death by heart failure and massive internal bleeding in as little as 30 minutes.

### Reproduction
Mating begins between May and August, and the eggs are laid in September. Dragons leave about twenty eggs in empty nests made by birds called megapodes. The eggs develop for seven to eight months. The eggs open and the baby lizards come out in April, when there are many insects to eat. Young Komodo dragons live in trees, where they are safe from adult Komodo dragons and other animals that might eat them. They grow to become adults in around three to five years. They can live as long as fifty years. Female Komodo dragons can have babies without fertilisation (parthenogenesis).

## Habitat
The Komodo dragon likes hot and dry places and lives in dry open grassland, savanna, and tropical forest on lower land. It is most active in the day because it is cold-blooded, but it is sometimes active at night. Komodo dragons live alone. They come together only to breed and eat. They can run up to 20 kilometers per hour (12.4 mph), dive up to 4.5 metres (15 ft) at top speed for short periods of time. When they are young, they climb trees with their strong claws. As the Komodo dragon grows bigger, its claws are used mostly as weapons, because it is too big to climb trees well. Because it is very big and sleeps in holes, it is able to keep itself warm through the night. The Komodo dragon usually hunts in the afternoon, but stays in the shade during the hottest part of the day. Komodo dragons have special resting places on ridges that catch cool sea breezes. They also catch live animals as prey. When prey goes by, the Komodo dragon charges at the animal and bites or claws the belly or the throat.

Komodo dragons do not chew their food. They eat by biting and pulling off large chunks of flesh and swallowing them whole. They can swallow smaller prey, up to the size of a goat, whole. This is because they have flexible jaws and skulls, and their stomachs can expand. After swallowing its food, it drags itself to a sunny place to speed up digestion so the food does not rot and poison the dragon. Large dragons can survive on as little as 12 meals a year.

Because the Komodo dragon does not have a diaphragm, it cannot suck water when drinking. It cannot lap water with its tongue either. Instead, it drinks by taking a mouthful of water, lifting its head, and letting the water run down its throat. Its body size stayed the same on Flores since the islands were isolated by rising sea levels about 900,000 years ago.

A Komodo dragon was shown in a zoo for the first time in 1934 at the Smithsonian National Zoological Park. But, it lived for only two years. People continued to try to keep Komodo dragons in zoos, but the lives of these creatures was very short. The average life of a dragon in a zoo was five years in the National Zoological Park. Walter Auffenberg studied the dragons in zoos and eventually helped zoos to keep dragons more successfully. Dragons can also recognize individual humans. However, even dragons that seem tame may surprise people and become aggressive. This can often happen when a stranger enters the animal's home.

. Komodo dragons in captivity often grow fat, especially in their tails, due to regular feeding.]]

Research with captive Komodo dragons shows that they play. One dragon would push a shovel and seemed attracted to the sound of it moving across rocks. A young female dragon at the National Zoo in Washington, D.C. grabbed and shook things like statues, drink cans, plastic rings, and blankets. She would also put her head in boxes, shoes, and other objects. She did not make a mistake and think these objects were food. She would only swallow them if they were covered in rat blood. Although he escaped, he needed surgery to repair his foot.

On June 4, 2007, a Komodo dragon attacked an eight-year-old boy on Komodo Island. The boy later died because he lost too much blood. This was the first time that people know a dragon had killed a human in 33 years. Local people blamed the attack on environmentalists. People from outside the island had stopped local people from killing goats and leaving them for the dragons. The Komodo dragons no longer found the food they needed, so they came into places where humans lived looking for food. Many natives of Komodo Island believe that Komodo dragons are actually the reincarnation of relatives.

On March 24, 2009, two Komodo dragons attacked and killed fisherman Muhamad Anwar on Komodo Island. They attacked Anwar after he fell out of a sugar-apple tree. He was bleeding badly from bites on his hands, body, legs, and neck. He was taken to a clinic on the nearby island of Flores, but doctors said he was dead when he arrived.

## Protecting Komodo dragons
 coin from Indonesia showing komodo]]

There are very few Komodo dragons. They may not survive. The lizards are on the IUCN Red List of animals in danger. Not many Komodo dragons still live on some of their home islands.
*Komodo (1,701)
*Rincah (1,300)
*Gili Motang (100)
*Gili Dasami (100)
*Flores (ca. 2,000)

Many things have reduced the number of dragons, including: volcanoes, earthquakes, loss of good places to live, fire, not enough animals to eat, tourism, and illegal hunting.

Buying or selling Komodo dragons or their skins is illegal as part of an international law called CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species).

## Related pages 
* Dragon
* *Megalania prisca* - A huge, extinct monitor lizard
* Monitor lizard

## References 
## Other books about the Komodo dragon 
*  
*  
*    
*