open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Apothem

The **apothem** (sometimes shortened to **apo**) of a regular polygon is a line segment from the center of the polygon to the middle of one of its sides. It is also perpendicular to that side. The word "apothem" can also mean the length of that line segment. Regular polygons are the only polygons with apothems; because of this, all apothems of one shape are congruent.

## Properties 
The apothem, *a*, can be used to find the area of any regular polygon with the side length, *s*, according to the following formula, which also states that the area is equal to the apothem times half the perimeter since *ns* = *p*.

A = {nsa \over 2} = {pa \over 2}
.
Fritz Haber

**Fritz Haber** (9 December 1868 – 29 January 1934) was a German chemist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918. The prize was for his invention of the Haber–Bosch process, a method used in industry to synthesise ammonia from nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas. He is also considered the "father of chemical warfare." This is because Haber spent years of work developing and making chlorine and other poisonous gases into weapons during World War I.

Haber was born in Breslau, Prussia (now Wrocław, Poland). He was Jewish.  When he was a young man, he moved to Berlin and learned to be a chemist.  He wanted to be German and became a German nationalist.

Today, people argue over whether Haber was a good man or a bad man.  He invented weapons and poisons that killed many people, but he also invented fertilizers that allowed farms to grow so much food that many humans today are not afraid of famine.

After Haber's death, the Nazis would use one of his inventions, a pesticide called Zyklon-B to kill Jews and captured Allied nationals in the Holocaust.

## References
## Other websites
*Fritz Haber at NobelPrize.org
Jessamine County, Kentucky

**Jessamine County** is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 52,991. Its county seat is Nicholasville. The county was formed in 1798.

## Communities 
### Cities 
* Nicholasville (county seat)
* Wilmore

## References
Belokurikha (river)

The **Belokurikha** is a river in Russia. It flows through the Smolensk region of the Altai Territory . The mouth of the river is  from the mouth of the Peschanaya river on the right bank. The length of the river is .

On the banks is the resort town of Belokurikha. 

## References 
* Nature Belokurikha on the city photos
Colusa, California

**Colusa** (formerly **Colusi**, '''Colusi's**, **Koru** and **Salmon Bend''') is the county seat of Colusa County, California. It is on the Sacramento River.
Sonora, California

**Sonora** is the county seat of Tuolumne County, California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,003.

## References
Perry County, Kentucky

**Perry County** is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 28,473. Its county seat is Hazard. The county was formed in 1820.  Both the county and county seat are named for Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry, a naval hero in the War of 1812.

## References
Whitley County, Kentucky

**Whitley County** is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 36,712. The county seat is at Williamsburg, and the largest city is Corbin.

## References
Magalia, California

**Magalia** (formerly **Butte Mills** and **Dogtown**) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Butte County, California.

## References
Lewiston, California

**Lewiston** is a census-designated place (CDP) in Trinity County, California. The population was 1,222 at the 2020 census.

Lewiston is a post office that has existed since 1854. Benjamin Franklin Lewis, the adoptive son of town founder Tom Palmer, who had a gold mining operation on the Trinity River with Lewis during the early Gold Rush, is honored by the community's name.

## References
Nariño Department

**Nariño** is a department of Colombia. Its capital is Pasto. It is in the west of the country, bordering Ecuador and the Pacific Ocean. The department is named after independence leader Antonio Nariño.

## Municipalities
# Albán
# Aldana
# Ancuya
# Arboleda
# Barbacoas
# Belén
# Buesaco
# Chachagüí
# Colón (Génova)
# Consaca
# Contadero
# Córdoba
# Cuaspud
# Cumbal
# Cumbitara
# El Charco
# El Peñol
# El Rosario
# El Tablón
# El Tambo
# Francisco Pizarro
# Funes
# Guachucal
# Guaitarilla
# Gualmatán
# Iles
# Imues
# Ipiales
# La Cruz
# La Florida
# La Llanada
# La Tola
# La Unión
# Leiva
# Linares
# Los Andes
# Magüí Payán
# Mallama
# Mosquera
# Nariño
# Olaya Herrera
# Ospina
# Pasto
# Policarpa
# Potosí
# Providencia
# Puerres
# Pupiales
# Ricaurte
# Roberto Payán
# Samaniego
# San Bernardo
# Sandona
# San Lorenzo
# San Pablo
# San Pedro de Cartago
# Santa Barbara
# Santacruz
# Sapuyes
# Taminango
# Tangua
# Tumaco
# Tuquerres
# Yacuanquer

## References
Norte de Santander Department

**Norte de Santander** is a department of Colombia. Its capital is Cúcuta. It is in the north of the country, bordering Venezuela. It is named in honor of Colombian military and political leader Francisco de Paula Santander.

## Administrative divisions 
### Regions and municipalities 
#### Western
* Abrego
* Cáchira
* Convención
* El Carmen
* La Esperanza
* Hacari
* La Playa
* Ocaña
* San Calixto
* Teorama

#### Northern
* Bucarasica
* El Tarra
* Sardinata
* Tibú

#### Eastern
* Cúcuta
* El Zulia
* Los Patios
* Puerto Santander
* San Cayetano
* Villa del Rosario

#### South-West
* Cácota
* Chitagá
* Mutiscua
* Pamplona
* Pamplonita
* Silos

#### Center
* Arboledas
* Cucutilla
* Gramalote
* Lourdes
* Salazar de las Palmas
* Santiago
* Villa Caro

#### South-East
* Bochalema
* Chinácota
* Durania
* Herrán
* Labateca
* Ragonvalia
* Toledo

## References
Risaralda Department

**Risaralda** is a department of Colombia. Its capital is Pereira.

## Municipalities
# Apía
# Balboa
# Belén de Umbría
# Dosquebradas
# Guática
# La Celia
# La Virginia
# Marsella
# Mistrato
# **Pereira**
# Pueblo Rico
# Quinchía
# Santa Rosa de Cabal
# Santuario

## References
Quincy, California

**Quincy** (formerly **Quinsy**) is a census-designated place (CDP) of California in the United States. It is the county seat of Plumas County. As of the 2020 census, 1,630 people lived in Quincy.

## References
Tolima Department

**Tolima** is a department in Colombia. Its capital is Ibagué.

Tolima is home to the Las Hermosas and Nevado del Huila National Natural Parks. The Magdalena River travels from south to north in the department.

Ten presidents were born in the department: Domingo Caycedo, José María Melo, Manuel Murillo Toro, José María Rojas Garrido, Miguel Abadía Méndez, Alfonso López Michelsen, Darío Echandía, Carlos Lozano y Lozano, Gabriel París, and Deogracias Fonseca.

## Municipalities
The Department of Tolima groups its municipalities into six provinces: Norte, Oriente, Sur, Ibagué, Suroriente, and Nevados.

*Ibagué
**Alvarado
**Anzoátequi
**Cajamarca
**Coello
**Espinal
**Flandes
****Ibagué**
**Piedras
**Rovira
**San Luis
**Valle de San Juan
*Nevados
**Casabianca
**Herveo
**Lérida
**Líbano
**Murillo
**Santa Isabel
**Venadillo
**Villahermosa
*Northern
**Ambalema
**Armero (Guayabal)
**Falan
**Fresno
**Honda
**Mariquita
**Palocabildo

*Eastern
**Carmen Apicala
**Cunday
**Icononzo
**Melgar
**Villarrica
*Southern
**Ataco
**Chaparral
**Coyaima
**Natagaima
**Ortega
**Planadas
**Rioblanco
**Roncesvalles
**San Antonio
*Southeastern
**Alpujarra
**Dolores
**Guamo
**Prado
**Purificación
**Saldaña
**Suárez

## References
Magneto (Marvel Comics)

**Magneto** (**Max Eisenhardt**) (/mæɡˈniːtoʊ/) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, commonly in association with the X-Men. He was created by writer Stan Lee and artist/co-writer Jack Kirby, the character first appears in *The X-Men* #1 (cover-dated September 1963) as an enemy of the X-Men. Magneto was ranked by IGN as the Greatest Comic Book Villain of All Time.

## In other media 
The character has adapted to different forms of media, including toys, movies, television series, and video games. He was played by Ian McKellen and Michael Fassbender in movies. He was voiced by Tom Kane and Tony Jay in cartoons and video games.

## References
Vichada Department

**Vichada Department** is a department of Colombia in South America. The capital and largest town is Puerto Carreño. 
 
Vichada borders Venezuela to the north and east.

## Municipalities
# Cumaribo
# La Primavera
# **Puerto Carreño**
# Santa Rosalía
# San Jose de Ocune

## References
Grande Comore

**Grande Comore** () is an island in the Indian Ocean off the coast of Africa. It is the largest island in the Comoros nation. The island's capital is Moroni, which is also the national capital.

Prince Said Ibrahim International Airport is the airport for the island.

## References
Vaupés Department

**Vaupés** is a department in Colombia. Its capital is Mitú. It borders Brazil on the east.

Because of its location in the Amazon jungle, it has no roads connecting it with the rest of the country or internally from settlement to settlement. Commerce and contact with the outside world is done through travel along the main rivers and by means of air travel.  Several of the small settlements have airstrips with service to the department's capital, Mitú.

## Administrative divisions 
Because of its small population and vast extension of land, Vaupés only has 3 municipalities. Other sections of the Department were classified as an especial type of *Corregimiento*, which has certain hybrid functions.

### Municipalities 
# Caruru
# **Mitú**
# Taraira

### Department Corregimientos
# Pacoa
# Papunahua
# Yavarate

### Municipal Corregimientos
# Acaricuara
# Villa Fátima

## References
Mohéli

**Mohéli**, also known as **Mwali**, is an island in the Indian Ocean off the coast of Africa. It is an island in the Comoros nation. Its capital and largest city is Fomboni.

In 1975, Mohéli agreed to join the Comoros nation, along with Grande Comore and Anjouan.

## References
Anjouan

**Anjouan** is an island in the Indian Ocean off the coast of Africa. It is part of the Comoros nation. Its chief town is Mutsamudu.

It has also been known by the names: **Ndzuwani** or **Nzwani**, and historically as **Johanna** or **Hinzuan**.

## References
Kongo Central

**Kongo Central** is one of the 26 provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its capital is Matadi. It was formerly named **Bas-Congo**.

## References
The Powerpuff Girls Movie

***The Powerpuff Girls Movie*** is a 2002 American animated comedy-mystery action superhero adventure family movie based on the Cartoon Network animated television series *The Powerpuff Girls*. This movie is directed by series creator Craig McCracken and produced by Cartoon Network Studios and Warner Bros Pictures.

## Story
Townsville has been through crime. The Professor is buying ingredients to make girls for his experiment. As his lab monkey Jojo pushed him, breaking a vat of Chemical X, the girls were created. The Professor gave them their names; Blossom, Bubbles and Buttercup.

## Voice Cast
*Cathy Cavadini - Blossom
*Tara Strong - Bubbles
*Elizabeth Daily - Buttercup
*Tom Kane - Professor Utonium
*Tom Kenny - Mayor Barney, Narrator, Cha-Ching, Pappy Wappy
*Jennifer Hale - Ms. Keane
*Jennifer Martin - Ms. Sara Bellum

## Home media release 
The movie was released on VHS and DVD on November 5, 2002. It is also available to stream on Cartoon Network On Demand and the Cartoon Network mobile app.

## References
Santander Department

**Santander** is a department of Colombia. Its capital is the city of Bucaramanga. 

The Magdalena River forms the eastern border.

## Administrative divisions 
### Provinces 
The department is subdivided into provinces:

* Metropolitan Province
* North Soto Province
* Comunera Province
* Guanentá Province
* Vélez Province
* García Rovira Province
* Mares Province
* Carare-Opón Province

### Municipalities 
* Aguada
* Albania
* Aratoca
* Barbosa
* Barichara
* Barrancabermeja
* Betulia
* Bolívar
* **Bucaramanga**
* Cabrera
* California
* Capitanejo
* Carcasí
* Cepitá
* Cerrito
* Charalá
* Charta
* Chima
* Chipatá
* Cimitarra
* Concepción
* Confines
* Contratación
* Coromoro
* Curití
* El Carmen
* El Guacamayo
* El Peñón
* El Playón
* Encino
* **Enciso**
* Florián
* Floridablanca
* Galán
* Gámbita
* Girón
* Guaca
* Guadalupe
* Guapotá
* Guavatá
* Güepsa
* Hato
* Jesús María
* Jordán
* La Belleza
* Landázuri
* La Paz
* Lebrija
* Los Santos
* Macaravita
* Málaga
* Matanza
* Mogotes
* Molagavita
* Ocamonte
* Oiba
* Onzaga
* Palmar
* Palmas Socorro
* Páramo
* Piedecuesta
* Pinchote
* Puente Nacional
* Puerto Parra
* Puerto Wilches
* Rionegro
* Sabana de Torres
* San Andrés
* San Benito
* San Gil
* San Joaquín
* San José de Miranda
* San Miguel
* Santa Bárbara
* Santa Helena del Opón
* San Vicente de Chucurí
* Simacota
* Socorro
* Suaita
* Sucre
* Suratá
* Tona
* Valle de San José
* Vélez
* Vetas
* Villanueva
* Zapatoca

## References
Montgomery County, Kentucky

**Montgomery County** is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 28,114. Its county seat is Mount Sterling.

## References
Father of the Bride (1991 movie)

***Father of the Bride*** is a 1991 American comedy movie starring Steve Martin, Diane Keaton, Kimberly Williams-Paisley, George Newbern, Martin Short, B. D. Wong, Kieran Culkin and Peter Michael Goetz. It is a remake of the 1950 movie of the same name. The movie opened to positive reviews, and became a major box office success, earning more than six times its budget. With its success, a sequel, *Father of the Bride Part II* was released in 1995. A remake is in the works for Disney+.

## References
## Other websites
*
Father of the Bride Part II

***Father of the Bride Part II*** is a 1995 American comedy movie starring Steve Martin, Diane Keaton and Martin Short. It is the sequel to *Father of the Bride* and a remake of the 1951 movie ''Father's Little Dividend*, the sequel to the original *Father of the Bride'' movie released in 1950. It received mixed reviews from critics.

## References
Mount Lebanon, Louisiana

**Mount Lebanon** is a small town in Bienville Parish, Louisiana, United States. it is the least populous municipality in Bienville Parish.

## References
Candace Owens

**Candace Amber Owens Farmer** ( **Owens**; born April 29, 1989) is an American political commentator and author. Her political views have been called conservative or far-right. She has supported conspiracy theories on many subjects during her career. She worked for an organization called Turning Point USA whose founder Charlie Kirk was a supporter of Donald Trump. 

## Early life
Owens was born in White Plains, New York and grew up in Stamford, Connecticut. Her paternal grandfather was Robert Owens, an African American who was born in North Carolina. Owens is also of Caribbean American heritage through her grandmother, who is originally from Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands. Owens studied journalism at the University of Rhode Island, but dropped out because tuition was expensive.

## Career and views
She believes that black people should leave the Democratic Party to become Republicans.  She dislikes political correctness and says that she is not a feminist because today’s definition of feminism is hatred of men.  Candace Owens says that left-wing people blame everything on white people and call everyone that they dislike racist.  Candace Owens says that to call a black person a race traitor is racist. Owens has filmed a Prager University video saying that when it comes to politics no one should care what famous people think and another Prager University video in which she says that to say an opinion about racism is more important if a black person has it is “playing the black card” and that playing the “black card” is racist. While working at Prager University, she interviewed a lot of people including Dan Crenshaw, Dennis Prager, Steve Bannon, Michael Knowles, Larry Elder, Dave Rubin and Carl Benjamin.

Owens left Prager University to work for The Daily Wire but was fired for saying things about Jews that the Daily Wire said were anti-Semitic.

In July 2025, French President Emmanuel Macron and First Lady Brigitte Macron sued Owens for defamation because Owens said that Brigitte Macron was born as a man. Because of the lawsuit, Brigitte Macron had to send "photographic" proof that she was a woman.

In October 2025, Owens had her visa rejected by Australia because of her political views and fears that she would cause "discord". A year before, she was rejected from visiting New Zealand.

## Personal life 
Owens met British politician and businessman George Farmer, the son of Lord Farmer, in December 2018. The two became engaged in 2019 and were married in August that year. 

Owens gave birth to a boy in January 2021, a girl in July 2022, a boy in late 2023, and another boy in May 2025.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*
Kimberly Williams-Paisley

**Kimberly Payne Williams-Paisley** (née **Williams**; born September 14, 1971) is an American actress. She is known for her roles as Annie Banks-Mackenzie in the 1991 comedy *Father of the Bride* (1991) and its sequel, *Father of the Bride Part II* (1995) and as Dana in the sitcom *According to Jim*.

Throughout her acting career, she has guest-starred on TV shows including *Tales From The Crypt*, *George Lopez* and *Less Than Perfect*. 

She is also known for her roles in made-for-TV movies, including *Safe House*, *The Christmas Shoes*, and *Lucky 7*.

In 2003, Williams married country music singer Brad Paisley.

## References
Professor X

**Professor Charles Xavier**, also known as **Professor X** is a fictional character and superhero from Marvel Comics created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby for the X-Men. Professor X has telepathy and is the founder and leader of X-Men. He has always been drawn in a wheelchair. When the comics started being used as a social commentary about civil rights, Professor X was based on Martin Luther King Jr. and the supervillain Magneto was based on Malcolm X.

## In other media 
The character has appeared in different forms of media, including television series, movies, and video games. In the *X-Men* movies Professor X has been played by Patrick Stewart and James McAvoy.
Kasai Province

**Kasaï Province** is one of the 26 provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its capital is Tshikapa.

It was made in 2015 from parts of the former Kasaï-Occidental province.

## References
Kwango

**Kwango** is one of the 26 provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its capital is Kenge. It takes its name from the Kwango River.

Other towns include Popokabaka, Feshi, Kasongo Lunda, Lusanga and Kahemba.

From 1966 to 2015, Kwango was administered as a district as part of Bandundu Province. Kwango returned to full province status on 18 July 2015.

## References
Kwilu Province

**Kwilu Province** is one of the 26 provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its capital is Bandundu.

The province takes its name from the Kwilu River, which crosses the province from south to north.

## Administrative areas
Towns and territories are:
* Bagata
* Bulungu-Kikwit
* Gungu
* Idiofa
* Mangai
* Masi-Manimba

## References
Michael Broadbent

**John Michael Broadbent**, MW (2 May 1927 – 17 March 2020) was a British wine critic, writer and auctioneer. He was a known critic on wine tasting and old wines.

In 1979, Broadbent was appointed Chevalier of the Ordre National du Mérite, as well as an honorary member of the Académie du Vin de Bordeaux and numerous other French wine associations.

Broadbent was Chairman of The Institute of Masters of Wine in 1970, Master of the Worshipful Company of Distillers, president of The International Wine and Food Society in 1986, president of the Wine & Spirit Education Trust (WSET) 2007–2009 and Chairman of The Wine & Spirit Trades' Benevolent Society in 1991.

## References
Hamid Kahram

**Hamid Kahram** () (1958–19 March 2020) was an Iranian politician and veterinarian. He was a member of the Iranian Parliament representing Ahwaz between 2000 and 2004.

Kahram died of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on 19 March 2020 in Tehran, aged 62. 

## References
George Newbern

**George Young Newbern** (born December 30, 1964) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Det. Robert McKay in *Poochinski*, Charlie in ABC show *Scandal* and Bryan MacKenzie in *Father of the Bride* (1991) and its sequel *Father of the Bride Part II* as well as Danny (The Yeti) in *Friends*.

## Other websites
* 
* Voice chasers 
* Interview with George Newbern on Voiceover Role in Superman vs  the Elite
Enrico Decleva

**Enrico Decleva** (18 April 1941 &ndash; 19 March 2020) was an Italian historian. 

He became professor of modern history in the University of Milan in 1974 and full professor of contemporary history in 1976.

## References
Vladimír Zábrodský

**Vladimír Zábrodský** (7 March 1923 &ndash; 20 March 2020) was a Czechoslovak ice hockey player. He played centre. He was born in Prague, Czechoslovakia. 

He won a silver medal at the 1948 Winter Olympics and he was two-time world champion (1947, 1949). He was a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation Hall of Fame, added in 1997. 

He played in the Czechoslovak First Ice Hockey League for LTC Praha from 1940 to 1950, Spartak ČKD Sokolovo from 1950 to 1960, and Bohemians ČKD Praha from 1963 to 1965.

Zábrodský died in Prague on 20 March 2020 at the age of 97.

## References
## Other websites
* Profile
* IIHF Hockey Hall of Fame bio
Igor Matovič

**Igor Matovič** (born 11 May 1973) is a Slovak politician. Matovič was the Prime Minister of Slovakia from 2020 until 2021. He is a member of the Ordinary People. In 2010, he was elected as a member of the National Council. Matovič was born in Trnava, Czechoslovakia .

Matovič's party won the majority of votes in the 2020 Slovak parliamentary election on 29 February 2020, winning 53 seats in the 150-member National Council with 25.02% of the vote. On 13 March, Matovič announced he had reached an agreement for a governing coalition for a new cabinet to form. Matovič was sworn in Prime Minister on 21 March.

## References
Kieran Culkin

**Kieran Kyle Culkin** (born September 30, 1982) is an American actor. He began his career as a child actor, acting alongside his older brother Macaulay in the *Home Alone* franchise (1990/1992). He won a Golden Globe Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, a BAFTA Award and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in *A Real Pain* (2024).

His best known role was in *Igby Goes Down* (2002) where he was nominated for a Best Actor Golden Globe Award. He is also well known for his role as Wallace Wells in the cult movie *Scott Pilgrim vs. the World*.

## References
Robert Fico

**Robert Fico** (; born 15 September 1964) is a Slovak politician. He is the Prime Minister of Slovakia since 2023. He was Prime Minister before from 2012 until his resignation in 2018. Fico also was the Prime Minister from 4 July 2006 to 8 July 2010.  

He has been the leader of the Direction – Social Democracy (SMER-SD) party since 1999. In May 2023, Robert Fico was shot and injured.

On 15 May 2024, Fico was injured in a shooting in Handlová in front of the city's House of Culture after attending an event at the House of Culture, and was hospitalized in critical condition. He had been shot in the head, chest and stomach. A suspect was detained.  

## References
Britt Ekland

**Britt Ekland** (Swedish pronunciation:&nbsp;; born **Britt-Marie Eklund**; 6 October 1942) is a Swedish actress and singer. She was discovered by 20th Century Fox in 1964 after modeling and appearing in advertising. The studio put her up Dorchester Hotel in London, where she met future husband   20th Century Fox

. Ekland is known for her roles in William Friedkin's ''The Night They Raided Minsky's* (1968), and the British crime movie *Get Carter* (1971). She also starred in the British cult horror movie *The Wicker Man* (1973) and appeared as a Bond girl in *The Man with the Golden Gun'' (1974).

In 1964, she married comedic actor Peter Sellers. They divorced in 1968.

She had relationships with rocker Rod Stewart and children with music producer Lou Adler. The actress splits her time between Sweden and Los Angeles, continuing to appear on television, talk shows, and British pantomime.  Lou Adler

 

## References
Ivan the Terrible

]]
**Ivan IV Vasilyevich** (25 August 1530 – 28 March 1584), more often known in English as **Ivan the Terrible**, was the first Tsar (Emperor) of Russia. He was the Grand Prince of Moscow before that. He was called Ivan the Terrible because then the word *terrible* meant "formidable" or "fearsome", rather than"extremely bad". This comes from his Russian nickname *Ivan Grozny*, which also means "Ivan the Formidable". 
## Life
Ivan became the Grand Prince of Moscow when he was just three years old. When he was young, a group of Russian nobles ran the country in his place. In those days, Russia was divided into many kingdoms like Moscow. At the age of 16, Ivan and his government changed his title to Tsar of all Russia. Over the next few years, Ivan took full control of the government and conquered lands to the east of the Tatars. He began turning Russia from a divided group of kingdoms into an empire with one powerful ruler, at the cost of many lives. He died in 1584 at age of 54, nevertheless, he remains the longest ruling Russian leader in Russian History.

## Wars
In 1558-63, Russia fought countries to the west in the Livonian War. They lost lands around the Baltic Sea to the west, but the war gave Ivan more control over his own country. Ivan was harsh towards the Russian nobles (known as the *boyars*). He executed many and took lands from others in order to make himself more powerful. This was known as the *oprichnina*, and it was done by his private army called the *Oprichniks*. In 1570 Ivan and the Oprichniks also killed many people in Novgorod, a city he believed was not lozal to him. Later in his reign, Russia had battles with the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) and Tatars and conquered more lands to the east, including Siberia. Ivan also increased trade with England and set up Russia's first printing press.

Ivan was known to become furious at times. His behaviour seems to have varied, as he could at times be intelligent and quiet. His mental health became worse in the second half of his reign, especially after the death of his first wife Anastasia in 1560. It is believed that during one of his rages he caused the death of his son and heir Ivan as well as the same son's unborn son. His other son Feodor would be the next Tsar. Feodor was a "weak" ruler, and this led to a war called the Time of Troubles.
Morgan County, Kentucky

**Morgan County** is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 13,726. Its county seat is West Liberty.

## References
Treuchtlingen

**Treuchtlingen** is a town in Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen in Bavaria, Germany.

## Geography
### Place
Treuchtlingen is on the river Altmühl, 9&nbsp;km southwest of Weißenburg in Bayern, and 45&nbsp;km northeast of Donauwörth.

It is on the European Watershed between the Rhine and Danube.

### Subdivisions
In addition to the town itself, the municipality of Treuchtlingen today has 53 hamlets and villages. The municipal territory is divided into 12 districts (including the town) and several hamlets:

## Twin towns and cities
Treuchtlingen is twinned with:
* **Ponsacco** - Italy

## Photogallery

Image:Treuchtlingen (Ringstraße).jpg|Town centre at Ringstraße
Image:Treuchtlingen (Luitpoldstraße).jpg|Town centre at Luitpoldstraße
Image:Burg Treuchtlingen 10.jpg|The old castle of Treuchtlingen (around 1420)
Image:Burg Treuchtlingen 2.jpg|Old castle of Treuchtlingen (*Obere Veste*) 
Image:Treuchtlingen - Burgruine.jpg|Ruins of the old castle
Image:Stadtschloss Treuchtlingen 2.jpg|The new castle
Image:Treuchtlingen Bahnhof.JPG|Train station
Image:Treuchtlingen Mühle.JPG|Old watermill in western suburb
Image:Burg Treuchtlingen 9.jpg|Wood near *Obere Veste*

## Bibliography
* Daniel Burger/Birgit Friedel: *Burgen und Schlösser in Mittelfranken*; ars vivendi verlag: Cadolzburg 2003; S. 125-128; .
* Werner Somplatzki: *Kirchen in Altmühlfranken*; (Reihe Gelbe Taschenbuch-Führer); wek-Verlag: Treuchtlingen 1990; ; hier: S. 70-73 u. 76-85.
* Walter E. Keller: *Treuchtlingen*; (Reihe Gelbe Taschenbuch-Führer); wek-Verlag: Treuchtlingen/Berlin 2006; .
* Walter E. Keller (Hrsg.): *Das Dorf Schambach*; wek-Verlag: Treuchtlingen 2002; .
* Gotthard Kießling: *Landkreis Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen.* (Denkmäler in Bayern, V 70/1); Munich 2000; .

## References
## Other websites
* 
* History of Treuchtlingen's coat of arms at HdBG
Peter Michael Goetz

**Peter Michael Goetz** (born December 10, 1941) is an American actor. He was born in Buffalo, New York. Goetz is known for his roles in *Wolfen*, *Prince of the City*, *The World According to Garp*, ''Jumpin' Jack Flash*, *King Kong Lives*, *Father of the Bride*, *Dad*, *Glory*, *My Girl*, *The Empty Mirror* and *Father of the Bride Part II''.

## References
## Other websites
*
Social distancing

, in Spain]]
**Social distancing**, also less confusingly called **physical distancing** is one way to help stop the spread of infection from viruses and bacteria between people. The goal is to lower the chance for an infection to spread from person to person. This can reduce the number of infected people at one time, which lowers the burden on health care. By lowering the number of people who get sick, lives can also be saved.

Social distancing works for infections that are spread by droplets (cough or sneeze), physical contact, contaminated surfaces, or in the air. Social distancing does not work well for infections that are spread through food, water, or insects.

Types of social distancing are:
* closing schools
* closing places of work
* isolation
* quarantine
* cordon sanitaire
* protective sequestration
* canceling gatherings of people, such as sports or entertainment shows
* travel restrictions
* closing gyms, pools, or other such areas
* encouraging people to stay at home
* asking people to keep a certain distance between each other if they do need to interact

All of these may have negative effects on people. However, these may be preferred to the effects of a specific disease.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* Harry Stevens, "Why outbreaks like coronavirus spread exponentially, and how to 'flatten the curve'" , *The Washington Post*, 14 March 2020, "These simulations show how to flatten the coronavirus growth curve"
Fernando Eid

**Fernando Eid** (born 20 June 1992) is a Bolivian journalist and media personality. He currently reports for the morning magazine Al Día and television station Bolivisión.

## Career 
Eid began his career in media in 2009. At that time, he was a radio host on Bolivian stations such as Radio Disney, Radio Activa and Radio El Debe. He dedicated himself to music from 2014 to 2017. He was in programs Tweeners (ATB), Chicostation (Unitel), El Mañanero, Pura Vida and Singing for a Dream (Red Uno), PAT News and Noticia De La Hora (RED PAT). Since September 2019 he has been the presenter of the magazine Al Día and BOLIVISIÓN.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 

 Fernando Eid on Twitter
Borislav Stanković

**Borislav "Bora" Stanković** (; 9 July 1925 &ndash; 20 March 2020) was a Serbian former basketball player and coach. He represented the senior Yugoslavian national basketball team internationally. He was added into the Basketball Hall of Fame in 1991. From 1976 to 2003, he was the 2nd Secretary General of FIBA.

## References
Naval ensign

, the ensign of the British Royal Navy.]]
A **naval ensign** is a type of ensign flag used by warships to show which country they belong to. Sometimes a naval ensign is called a **war ensign**.

A naval ensign flies from the back of a ship. Some countries use their national flags on warships as their naval ensigns. The United States is an example of a country that uses its national flag instead of a naval ensign. Some other countries have a special naval ensign different to its national flag. Britain is an example of a country which uses a special naval ensign different to its national flag.
Kasaï-Central

**Kasaï-Central** is one of the 26 provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The capital is Kananga.

It was created in 2015 from Lulua District and the city of Kananga.

## References
Sankuru

**Sankuru** is one of the 26 provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its capital is Lusambo.

The province is divided into 6 territories:

* Katako Kombe - with the town of Katako-Kombe
* Kole - with the town of Kole
* Lodja - with the City of Lodja
* Lomela - with the town of Lomela
* Lubefu - with the city of Lubefu 
* Lusambo - with the City of Lusambo

The Sankuru River, Lomami River, Lubefu River and Lukenie River are all in the province.

## References
Maniema

**Maniema** is one of 26 provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its capital is Kindu.

Maniema Province was created in 1989, when the existing Kivu Province was divided into three parts (South Kivu, North Kivu and Maniema). Mining is the main industry in the province. Diamonds, copper, gold and cobalt are mined in the province.

Maniema has the city of Kindu and seven territories: 
* Punia
* Pangi
* Lubutu
* Kibombo
* Kasongo
* Kailo 
* Kabambare  

The city of Kindu has the communes of Alunguli, Kasuku and Mikelenge.

## References
South Kivu

**South Kivu** () is one of 26 provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its capital is Bukavu.

South Kivu Province was created in 1989, when the existing Kivu Province was divided into three parts (South Kivu, North Kivu and Maniema).

On 7 August 2015 the 2015 South Kivu earthquake, a magnitude 5.8 earthquake, struck  north northeast of Kabare at a depth of . One person was killed.

Administratively, the province of Sud-Kivu is divided into eight territories: 
* Fizi (15,788&nbsp;km²), capital *Fizi* town; 
* Idjwi (281&nbsp;km²), this is an island in Lake Kivu; 
* Kabare (1,960&nbsp;km²), 
* Kalehe (5,126&nbsp;km²),  
* Mwenga (11,172&nbsp;km²),  
* Shabunda (25,116&nbsp;km²),  
* Uvira (3,148&nbsp;km²), capital *Uvira* town; 
* Walungu (1,800&nbsp;km²)

## References
North Kivu

**North Kivu** is a province in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its capital is Goma. It borders Lake Kivu.

North Kivu was created in 1989, when the existing Kivu Province was divided into three parts (South Kivu, North Kivu and Maniema).

The province has three cities—Goma, Butembo and Beni—and six territories:
*Beni
*Lubero
*Masisi
*Rutshuru
*Nyiragongo
*Walikale

North Kivu is home to the Virunga National Park, a World Heritage Site containing the endangered mountain gorillas.

## References
Reef triggerfish

The **reef triggerfish** (*Rhinecanthus rectangulus*) is one of several species of triggerfish. It is also known as the **rectangular triggerfish**, **wedgetail triggerfish**, or by its Hawaiian name **humuhumunukunukuāpuaa**, meaning 'triggerfish with a snout like a pig'. 

The reef triggerfish is found at reefs in the Indo-Pacific and is the state fish of Hawaii.

## Description 
The fish's teeth and top lip are blue, and the teeth are set close together inside its plump mouth. Its body is laterally compressed (flattened from side to side).

It has a small second dorsal spine which is used to lock its main spine into an upright position. This locking helps protect it from predators.

## State fish 
The reef triggerfish was designated the official fish of Hawaii in 1985, but lost this title in 1990 due to the expiration of a state law. However, on April 17, 2006, the triggerfish became the state fish of Hawaii once again.

## References
Onward

**Onward** or **onwards** may refer to:

## Entertainment
### Movie
**Onward* (movie), an animated Pixar movie

### Music
*"Onward" (1978 Yes song), from the 1978 album *Tormato* by the British band Yes
*"Onwards", a song by the Afro Celt Sound System from the 2001 album *Volume 3: Further in Time*
**Onwards* (album), 2006, by the Norwegian band Triosphere
*"Onwards!", a 2010 song from the fifth series of *Doctor Who*.
**Onward* (album), 2012, by the British band Hawkwind
*Onward Brass Band, the name of two orchestras in New Orleans

## Places
*Onward, Indiana, a town in the United States
*Onward, Mississippi, an unincorporated community in the United States

## Vehicles
*, U.S.Navy shipname
**, clipper ship, served as US Navy ship in the Civil War
**, WWI patrol yacht
**, WWI patrol motorboat
**Onward* (locomotive), a steam locomotive with polygonal driving wheels
**Onward* (sternwheeler 1858), a steamboat on the Willamette River
**Onward* (sternwheeler 1867), a steamboat on the Tualatin River

## Other uses
* *En Marche!*, political movement founded by Emmanuel Macron, President of France, frequently called "Onwards!" in English.
*Onward (housing association)
Colbert, Georgia

**Colbert** ( ) is a city in Madison County, Georgia, United States. The population was 630 at the 2020 census.

## References
Madison County, Georgia

**Madison County** is a county located in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 30,120. The county seat is Danielsville. The county was created on December 5, 1811. The county's largest city is Comer with a population of 1,200.

## References
Danielsville, Georgia

**Danielsville** is a city in Madison County, Georgia, United States. The population was 654 at the 2020 census. The city is the county seat of Madison County.

## References
Comer, Georgia

**Comer** is a city in Madison County, Georgia, United States. Comer is the largest city in Madison County based on population and total land area.

The City of Comer's motto is "Make Our Town Your Town".

## References
Thomas A. Wiseman Jr.

**Thomas Anderton Wiseman Jr.** (November 3, 1930 – March 18, 2020) was an American politician and lawyer. From 1964 to 1968, he was a member of the Tennessee House of Representatives. Wiseman Jr. was Tennessee State Treasurer from 1971 to 1974. He was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee from 1978 to 1995, being nominated by President Jimmy Carter.

Wiseman Jr. was born in Tullahoma, Tennessee. He studied at Vanderbilt University and at the University of Virginia. Wiseman Jr. died on March 18, 2020 in Nashville, Tennessee at the age of 89.

## References
Tullahoma, Tennessee

**Tullahoma** is a city in Coffee and Franklin counties in southern Middle Tennessee. The population was 20,339 at the 2020 census.

## References
Lomami Province

**Lomami** is one of the 26 provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The capital is Kabinda.

## References
Coffee County, Tennessee

**Coffee County** is a county located in the central part of the state of Tennessee, in the United States. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 57,889.  Its county seat is Manchester.

## References
Franklin County, Tennessee

**Franklin County** is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 42,774. Its county seat is Winchester.

## References
Manchester, Tennessee

**Manchester** is a city in Coffee County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 12,212 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Coffee County. The city is located halfway between Nashville and Chattanooga.

Manchester is part of the Tullahoma, Tennessee Micropolitan Statistical Area.

## References
Winchester, Tennessee

**Winchester** is a city in and the county seat of Franklin County, Tennessee, United States. 

The population of Winchester as of the 2020 census was 9,375.
## References
Weehawken, New Jersey

**Weehawken** is a township in the northern part of Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2020 United States Census, the township's population was 17,197.

## References
Edward Feigenbaum

**Edward Albert** "**Ed**" **Feigenbaum** (born January 20, 1936) is an American computer scientist. His works focuses in the field of artificial intelligence. He is a joint winner of the 1994 ACM Turing Award. He is often called the "father of expert systems."

## References
Harry van den Bergh

**Harry Jacob van den Bergh** (1 April 1942 – 20 March 2020) was a Dutch politician of Jewish descent. He was a member of the Labour Party (PvdA). In 1977–1987 van den Bergh was a member of the lower house. Later he became a councilor in Amstelveen.

He was born in Amsterdam and died in Amstelveen at the age of 77.

## References
Shintaro Ishihara

was a Japanese politician and author. He was Governor of Tokyo from 1999 to 2012. He was the leader of right-leaning Japan Restoration Party. Ishihara was one of the most known conservative right-wing politicians in modern Japanese politics. Ishihara was born in Kobe, Japan.

Ishihara was in the House of Councillors from 1968 to 1972, in the House of Representatives from 1972 to 1995, and as Governor of Tokyo from 1999 to 2012. He resigned from the governorship to briefly co-lead the Sunrise Party, then joined the Japan Restoration Party and returned to the House of Representatives in the 2012 general election. 

He unsuccessfully sought re-election in the general election of November 2014, and officially left politics the following month.

Ishihara died of pancreatic cancer in Tokyo, Japan on 1 February 2022, aged 89.

## References
Ali Habib Mahmud

**Ali Habib Mahmud** (&lrm;; 1 January 1939 – 20 March 2020) was a Syrian military officer. He was Syria's Minister of Defense from June 2009 to August 2011. He was part of President Bashar al-Assad's inner circle. He was also Chief of Staff of the Syrian Army from 2004 to 2009.

In May 2011, the United States accused Habib of human rights abuses, and announced a travel ban and asset freeze.

## References
Bob Taft

**Robert Alphonso "Bob" Taft III**  (born January 8, 1942) is an American politician and attorney. He served as the 67th Governor of Ohio between 1999 and 2007 as a member of the Republican Party. In 2005 Governor Bob Taft pleaded no contest to charges that he broke state ethics law by failing to report golf outings and other gifts.
Cengiz Bektaş

**Cengiz Bektaş** (November 26, 1934 – 20 March 2020) was a Turkish architect, engineer, poet and writer. He wrote for *Evrensel* magazine. He was known for his buildings such as Etimesgut Mosque in Ankara; Babadağlılar Bazaar in Denizli; Turkish Language Association building in Ankara; Kantogan House in Datça and Akdeniz University Olbia a Center of Social in Antalya.

Bektaş died on 20 March 2020 of heart failure in Ankara at the age of 85.

## References
Shapi Kaziev

**Shapi Magomedovitch Kaziev** (; March 27, 1956 – March 20, 2020) was a Russian historian, playwright and script writer. He was the author of historical novels and other books.

## References
Marino Quaresimin

**Marino Quaresimin** (22 November 1937 &ndash; 20 March 2020) was an Italian politician. He was born in Venice, Italy. Quaresimin was Mayor of Vicenza from 1995 to 1998.  

## Career 
During his political career, he was a member of the Italian People's Party, but later switched to Democracy is Freedom party. From 1999 to 2008, he was a member of the Vicenza city council. 
## Death
During the 2020 coronavirus pandemic, Quaresimin died of COVID-19 on 20 March 2020 in Vicenza, aged 82.

## References
Willigis Jäger

**Willigis Jäger** (7 March 1925 – 20 March 2020) was a German Benedictine monk, mystic, and Zen master. He was trained and taught in the Sanbo Kyodan tradition. He was born in Hösbach, Germany. From 1960, he was responsible for the topics mission and development at in Bund der Deutschen katholischen Jugend youth association. 

In 1980, he began teaching Zen. He taught in the Sanbo Kyodan tradition (being given the Japanese name Koun-ken). He founded a centre of Zen and Contemplation at the Münsterschwarzach Abbey in 1983.

Jäger died in Holzkirchen on 20 March 2020, aged 95.

## References
Amadeo Carrizo

**Amadeo Raúl Carrizo** (12 June 1926 – 20 March 2020), popularly known by his first name "Amadeo", was an Argentine football goalkeeper. He was born in Rufino, Argentina. From 1945 to 1968, he played for Club Atlético River Plate.

The IFFHS ranked Carrizo as the best South American keeper of the 20th century in 1999.

He played for the Argentina national football team with significant success, especially against Brazil, but he also suffered a 6–1 defeat against Czechoslovakia, in the 1958 FIFA World Cup. He played for the national team from 1954 to 1964. 

Carrizo died at a hospital in Buenos Aires on 20 March 2020, aged 93.

## References
José Sanfilippo

**José Francisco "El Nene" Sanfilippo** (born 4 May 1935) is a former Argentine footballer who played as a striker. He was born in Buenos Aires. From 1953 to 1962, Sanfilippo played for San Lorenzo and from 1957 to 1962 for the national team.

He is the 9th highest scoring player in Argentine football.

## References
David Acevedo

**David Acevedo** (born 20 February 1937) is a former Argentine football defender. He  played for Argentina in the 1958 FIFA World Cup. He also played for Club Atlético Independiente.

## References
Norberto Boggio

**Norberto Constante Boggio** (11 August 1931 &ndash; 20 December 2021) was an Argentine football forward. He was born in Santa Fe, Argentina. He played for Argentina in the 1958 FIFA World Cup. He also played for San Lorenzo de Almagro.

Boggio died on 20 December 2021 in Santa Fe, Argentina at the age of 90.

## Honours 
;River Plate
*Primera División: 1945, 1947, 1952, 1953, 1955, 1956, 1957
*Copa Ibarguren: 1952
*Copa Aldao: 1945, 1947
*South American Championship of Champions runner-up: 1948
*Copa Libertadores runner-up: 1966

;Argentina
*Taça das Nações: 1964

### Individual 
* IFFHS South America Men's Team of All Time: 2021
* IFFHS Argentina All Times Dream Team: 2021

## References
Santa Ynez, California

**Santa Ynez** is a census-designated place (CDP) in the Santa Ynez Valley of Santa Barbara County, California.

## References
Alfredo Rojas

'*Alfredo Hugo "*El Tanque*" Rojas Delinge*' (February 20, 1937 &ndash; June 16, 2023) was an Argentine football player. He was born in Lanús, Buenos Aires Province. Rojas started playing with Club Atlético Lanús in 1958, but his participation in the 1958 FIFA World Cup for the national team, made him more popular in Europe.

He joined Celta Vigo in mid-1959, but the club were relegated, Rojas moved on to play for Real Betis in 1959.

Rojas died of a heart attack on June 16, 2023 in Buenos Aires, Argentina at the age of 86.

## References
## Other websites
* Alfredo Rojas with Boca Juniors  (Spanish)
Anderson, Iowa

**Anderson** is a census-designated place (CDP) in Iowa in the United States. It is in Fremont County. In 2020, it had 37 people.

Its geographical coordinates are . It has an area of .

## References
Union County, Kentucky

**Union County** is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 13,668. Its county seat is Morganfield. The county was formed on January 15, 1811.

## References
IPad Mini (5th generation)

The fifth-generation **iPad Mini** (stylized and marketed as **iPad mini** and colloquially referred to as **iPad mini 5**) is a tablet computer in the iPad Mini line that is made and sold by Apple Inc. It was first released on March 18, 2019. It supports the Apple Pencil. Like the iPad mini 4, it comes in 3 different colors: Silver, Space Gray and also Gold. It also comes in 2 different storage options: 64GB and 256GB. It costs $399 with Wi-Fi only and costs $529 with both Wi-Fi and cellular.

## References