open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Peroxisome

**Peroxisomes** or **microbodies** are organelles inside eukariotic cells which are enclosed  with a membrane. They are involved in various processes, and use up oxygen.

Peroxisomes play an important role in  metabolism, reactive oxygen species detoxification, and signaling. 

Peroxisomes derive their name from their use of molecular oxygen for metabolic processes. These organelles are largely associated with lipid (fat) metabolism and the processing of reactive oxygen species. The products are sent to the mitochondria for use as an energy source.
Michael Le Vell

**Michael Robert Turner** (born 15 December 1964), known professionally as **Michael Le Vell**, is an English actor. He is known for his role as mechanic Kevin Webster in the long-running ITV soap opera *Coronation Street*, which he has played continuously since 1983.

## Other websites
*
The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin

**The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin** is a British series sitcom of novels written by David Nobbs. Its also adapted casting Leonard Rossiter, Pauline Yates, John Barron, Sue Nicholls, Geoffrey Palmer, Bruce Bould, John Horsley, Trevor Adams, Sally-Jane Spencer, Tim Preece, Leslie Schofield and Derry Power from the title role. It was produced airing on the BBC and BBC One from 8 September 1976, until the series till 24 January 1979. He adapted the first series from the novel. The followup series, *The Legacy of Reginald Perrin*, was ran from September 22 to October 31, 1996.
Sally Ann Matthews

**Sally Ann Matthews** (born 19 September 1970) is an English actress. She is best known for portraying the role of Jenny Bradley in the ITV soap opera *Coronation Street* (1986–1991, 1993, 2015–present).

## Other websites
*
Gary Ablett (disambiguation)

**Gary Ablett** (1965–2012) was an English professional footballer and manager.

**Gary Ablett** may also refer to:

* Gary Ablett Sr. (born 1961), Australian rules footballer
* Gary Ablett Jr. (born 1984), Australian rules footballer
The Citadel (1960 miniseries)

***The Citadel*** is a 1960 British adaption television miniseries of A.J. Cronin's 1937 novel *The Citadel*. The series was directed by John Frankau and Peter Graham Scott. It starred Eric Lander, Zena Walker, Elizabeth Shepherd, Noel Harrison, Richard Vernon, Jack May and Zena Walker.
Gary Ablett

**Gareth Ian Ablett** (19 November 1965 – 1 January 2012) was an English professional footballer and manager. He played as a defender. His professional career lasted from 1985 until 2001.

Ablett was born in the Liverpool suburb of Aigburth. He played for Liverpool between 1985 and 1992. With the club, he won two league titles and an FA Cup, winning against Everton in the 1989 final. In 1995, Ablett moved from Liverpool to city rivals Everton. Later that year, he won the FA Cup with Everton. He remains the only player to win an FA Cup with both clubs.

## Honours
**Liverpool**
*Football League First Division: 1987–88, 1989–90
*FA Cup: 1988–89
*FA Charity Shield: 1988, 1989, 1990 (shared)

**Everton**
*FA Cup: 1994–95
*FA Charity Shield: 1995

## References
## Other websites
*
Sally Dynevor

**Sally Jane Dynevor** MBE (*née* **Whittaker**; born 30 May 1963) is an English actress, best known for portraying the role of Sally Webster in the ITV soap opera *Coronation Street*, which she has played continuously since January 1986.

## Other websites
*
Ben Price

**Ben Price** (born 30 June 1972) is an English actor, television presenter and writer for YouTube, best known for his portrayal of Nick Tilsey in ITV's longest running television soap opera *Coronation Street*, a role which he has played since 2009.

## Other websites
*
Tina O'Brien

'''Tina Michelle O'Brien'* (born 7 August 1983) is an English actress. She is best known for her portraying the roles of Sarah Platt in the ITV soap opera *Coronation Street* (1999–2008, 2015–present), and Bex Fisher in the BBC school-based drama series *Waterloo Road'' (2010–2011).

## Other websites
*
Esto perpetua

having motto "*esto perpetua*"]]
***Esto perpetua*** is a phrase from latin meaning "Let it be forever". This is the motto of the Idaho state of U.S.  

## References
Mark Pocan

**Mark William Pocan** (; born August 14, 1964) is an American politician and businessman. He is the U.S. Representative for Wisconsin's 2nd congressional district since 2013. He is a member of the Democratic Party, Pocan is Co-Chair of both the Congressional Progressive Caucus and the Congressional LGBT Equality Caucus. 

From 1999 to 2013 he was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly. 

He is openly gay.

In January 2020, Pocan endorsed Senator Bernie Sanders for President.

## References
## Other websites
*Congressman Mark Pocan official U.S. House website
*Mark Pocan for Congress
* 
*Campaign 2008 campaign contributions at *Wisconsin Democracy Campaign*
*Meet Mark Pocan, the Original ALEC Spy, Molly Redden, The New Republic, July 25, 2012
Connie Hyde

**Connie Skov Hyde** (born 15 November 1969) is an English actress. Between 2017 and 2019, Hyde played Gina Seddon in the ITV television soap opera Coronation Street. Hyde also played PC Cathy Bradford in *The Bill*. She has guest starred in *Dangerfield* and *Dalziel and Pascoe*.

She was born to his English father and Danish father grew up in Lancashire.

## References
Beverley Callard

**Beverley Jane McEwan** (née **Moxon**; previously **Atkinson**, **Sowden** and **Callard**; born 28 March 1957) is an English actress, known for her roles as Liz McDonald in the long-running ITV soap opera *Coronation Street* and Flo Henshaw in the BBC sitcom *Two Pints of Lager and a Packet for Crisps*.

## Other websites
*
Jaguar F-Type

]]
The **Jaguar F-Type** (project code X152) is a two-door, two-seater sports car, manufactured by British luxury car manufacturer Jaguar Land Rover.
Simon Gregson

**Simon Alan Gregory** (born 2 October 1974), better known by his stage name, **Simon Gregson**, is an English actor, known for his role as Steve McDonald in the long-running ITV soap opera *Coronation Street*, which he has played continuously since December 1989. He has received 17 awards for comedy and performance, plus a Legends of Industry Award. He is a patron for Scotty's Little Soldiers.

## Other websites
*
Ryukyuan people

The **Ryukyuan people** (琉球民族, Okinawan: *Ruuchuu minzuku*; Japanese: *Ryuukyuu minzoku*) are the natives of the Ryūkyū Islands, a collection of islands located in Japan.

## History 
The Ryukyuans descend from the Jōmon and Yayoi peoples.

By the 14th century, numerous chiefs ruled the Ryukyu Islands. In Okinawa, a new chief named Tamagusuku was unpopular among local lords, causing the island to be split into three kingdoms (Chūzan, Nanzan and Hokuzan). By the 15th century, the island was re-united, causing the Ryukyu Kingdom to be born. In the following centuries, the Ryukyu Kingdom would expand its rule over the Amami, Miyako and Yaeyama islands. They would also become a vassal state of China.

In 1609, the Japanese domain of Satsuma took over the Ryukyu Kingdom. The Amami Islands were then ruled by Satsuma, whereas the rest of the Ryukyu Kingdom was turned into a vassal.

In 1872, the Ryukyu Kingdom became the Ryūkyū Domain. In 1879, the Japanese Empire took control of the country.

After Japanese annexation happened, the local cultures and languages of Ryukyu were suppressed. Children who spoke the native Ryukyuan languages at school were punished with dialect cards.

During the Battle of Okinawa (World War II), between 40,000 and 150,000 Okinawans were killed. After World War II ended, the Ryukyu Islands were placed under American administration. The Amami Islands were returned to Japan in 1953, whereas the ofher island groups were returned in 1972.

## Culture 
### Identity 
Many Ryukyuans (especially the diaspora communities in Hawaii and Brazil) consider themselves to be different from the Japanese, who mainly inhabit the mainland (Honshū, Kyūshū, Shikoku and Hokkaidō).

On the other hand, many other Ryukyuans identify as “Japanese”, which is the result of assimilation that dates back to the Meiji Era.

### Language 
Historically, the Ryukyuans spoke the Ryukyuan languages. Because Japan suppressed them in the past, they are all endangered, with most speakers being elderly. A Japanese speaker wouldn't be able to understand any of the six Ryukyuan languages without any knowledge out of it. Despite this, the Japanese government calls the Ryukyuan languages ”Japanese dialects” for political reasons. Most linguists on the other hand refer to the Ryukyuan languages as separate languages.

### Religion 
The native religion of the Ryukyuans is the Ryukyuan religion, an animistic faith that believes in ancestor worship. Other religions practiced in Ryukyu include Shintoism, Buddhism and Christianity.

## Related pages
* Ryūkyū Islands
* Ryukyuan languages

## References
Jupiter Award (science fiction award)

The **Jupiter Awards**  were prizes for writing science fiction. There were awards for the best novel, novella, novelette and short story.  These awards were given most years from 1974 to 1978. The group called "Instructors of Science Fiction in Higher Education" gave the awards.

## Winners 
## References
## Other websites
* About the Jupiter Awards at The Locus Index to Science Fiction Awards
Robert Maclennan, Baron Maclennan of Rogart

**Robert Adam Ross Maclennan, Baron Maclennan of Rogart**  (26 June 1936 – 18 January 2020) was a British politician and life peer. He was the last leader of the Social Democratic Party (SDP) from 1987 to 1988. He was the president of the Liberal Democrats from 1995 to 1998. He served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1966 to 2001, when he was raised to the House of Lords.

Maclennan was born in Glasgow. His father was Sir Hector MacLennan. He died in January 2020, at the age of 83.

## References
Rolf Koschorrek

**Rolf Koschorrek** (17 June 1956 – 12 January 2020) was a German politician. He was a member of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). He was a member of the national Bundestag from 2005 to 2013. He was in the dentistry industry outside of politics.

Koschorrek was born in Bad Bramstedt. On 12 January 2020, he died of cancer in Berlin. He was 64.

## References
Zhu Yuli

**Zhu Yuli** (; February 1934 – 8 January 2020) was a Chinese politician and businessman. He was Director of the State Bureau of Technological Supervision from 1990 through 1992, Vice Minister of the Ministry of Astronautics Industry between 1992 and 1993 and General Manager of the state-owned Aviation Industry Corporation of China from 1993 to 1999. Zhu was born in Rugao, Jiangsu, Republic of China.

Zhu died on 8 January 2020 in Beijing, aged 85.

## References
Wu Shuqing (economist)

**Wu Shuqing** (; 3 January 1932 – 10 January 2020) was a Chinese economist and educator. He was President of Peking University from August 1989 to August 1996 and vice-president of Renmin University of China. He was born in Jiangyin, Jiangsu.

On 10 January 2020, he died of an illness at the Beijing Hospital, aged 88.

## References
Piri Sciascia

**Piri John Ngarangikaunuhia Sciascia**  (6 November 1946 – 18 January 2020) was a New Zealand Māori leader and university administrator. From 2016 until his death, he was kaumātua and advisor to the governor-general and government of New Zealand. He was a member of the organising committee for the international exhibition *Te Maori*. 

He died on 18 January 2020.

## References
Ralf Little

**Ralf Alastair John Little** (born 8 February 1980) is an English actor, writer, and semi-professional footballer. Little is known for acting in comedy shows. He has played Antony Doyle in *The Royle Family* and Jonny Keogh in the first six series of *Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps* on BBC Two, as well as known for playing Joseph in an episode of the second season for the BBC series *Robin Hood*.

## Filmography
### Film
### Television
## Awards and nominations
## References
James Mollison

**James Mollison**  (20 March 1931 &ndash; 19 January 2020) was an Australian arts administrator. He was acting director of the National Gallery of Australia (NGA) from 1971 to 1977 and director from 1977 to 1990. He was also director of the National Gallery of Victoria from 1989 to 1995. He was born in Wonthaggi, Victoria.

Mollison retired as the NGA's director in 1990 and moved to Melbourne to become director of the National Gallery of Victoria. He died on 19 January 2020, at the age of 88.

## References
Sunanda Patnaik

**Sunanda Patnaik** (7 November 1934 &ndash; 19 January 2020) was an Indian classical singer of Gwalior gharana. She was thought to be one of the great singers of Hindustani music.

## References
Claremont, California

**Claremont** () is a city on the eastern edge of Los Angeles County, California, United States. It is  east of downtown Los Angeles. It is in the Pomona Valley, at the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 37,266. It is home to the Claremont Colleges, a group of seven colleges.

## References
Dinwiddie County, Virginia

**Dinwiddie County** is a county located in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 27,947. Its county seat is Dinwiddie.

## References
Los Osos, California

**Los Osos** is an unincorporated community and a census-designated place located along the Pacific coast of San Luis Obispo County, California. The community is part of the 93402 and 93412 ZIP codes and area code 805. The population was 14,465 at the 2020 census.

## References
Dinwiddie, Virginia

**Dinwiddie** is a small unincorporated community and the county seat of Dinwiddie County, Virginia, United States.

## References
Mason, Michigan

**Mason** is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is named after the state's first governor, Stevens T. Mason. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 8,283.  It is the county seat of Ingham County.

## References
Genesee County, Michigan

**Genesee County** is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 406,211, making it the fifth-most populous county in Michigan. The county seat and population center is Flint.

## References
Brooke Vincent

**Brooke Levi Vincent** (born 4 June 1992) is an English actress. She is known for her role as Sophie Webster in the ITV soap opera *Coronation Street*, which she played from 2004 to 2019.

Vincent was born in Audenshaw, Greater Manchester, England.

## Other websites 
*
Malcolm Hebden

**Malcolm Hebden** (born 21 December 1939) is an English actor. He is known for portraying the role of Norris Cole in the long-running ITV soap opera, *Coronation Street*, a role which he played from 1994 to 1997, 1999 to 2017, and again from 2019 to 2020.

## References
## Other websites
*
Rob Mallard

**Robert Stephen Mallard** (born 19 May 1992) is an English actor, best known for playing the role of Daniel Osbourne in the long-running ITV soap opera *Coronation Street* from 2016 onwards. He is the third actor to play the role, replacing Lewis Harney and Dominic Holmes. He was born in Manchester, England.

## References 
## Other websites
*
David Rudman

**David Rudman** (born June 1, 1963) is an American puppeteer, cartoonist, producer, and director, best known for performing Baby Bear, Cookie Monster, and the right head of the Two-Headed-Monster on Sesame Street.

*
Petr Pokorný (theologian)

**Petr Pokorný** (April 21, 1933 – January 18, 2020) was a Protestant theologian. He was a professor at Charles University in Prague, and pastor of the Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren. He was one of the leading biblical scholars in the Czech Republic. 

## References
Sky Atlantic

**Sky Atlantic** is a British pay drama comedy television channel also by the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland, owned by Sky Limited in the United States. Sky Atlantic is not available on Virgin Media.
Two-Headed Monster

The **Two-Headed Monster** is a light purple monster on "Sesame Street". It first appeared in 1978 in Season 9.

## Performers
The performers for the Two-Headed Monster are listed below:

* Richard Hunt and Peter Friedman (ca. 1978)
* Jerry Nelson and Richard Hunt (1978–1991)
* Jerry Nelson and Adam Hunt (1995)
* Jerry Nelson and David Rudman (1998–2000)
* Joey Mazzarino and David Rudman (2001–2016)
* Eric Jacobson and David Rudman (2016–present)
David Neilson

**David Neilson** (born 13 March 1949) is an English actor, best known for portraying the role of Roy Cropper in the ITV soap opera *Coronation Street* from 1995 onwards.

He was born in Loughborough, Leicester, England.

## Other websites
*
Tristan Gemmill

**Tristan John Gemmill** (born 6 June 1967) is an English actor, most notable for his roles as Dr Adam Trueman on *Casualty*, and Robert Preston in *Coronation Street*. He was born in Kensington, London, England.

## Other websites 
*
John N. Brandenburg

**John Nelson Brandenburg** (April 29, 1929 – January 14, 2020) was an American lieutenant general in the U.S. Army. He was born in Enid, Oklahoma. He was a commander of the I Corps at Fort Lewis, a post which he served from 1981 to 1984. He was also a commander of the 101st Airborne Division from 1978 to 1980. He retired from the military in May 1984 after 33 years of service.

On January 14, 2020, Brandenburg died at his home in Canton, Georgia. He was 90.

## References
Dick Scott (historian)

**Richard George Scott**  (17 November 1923 – 1 January 2020) was a New Zealand historian and journalist. He wrote many books on the history of New Zealand. His first book, *151 Days* (1952), was about the 1951 New Zealand waterfront dispute. His most well-known work is *Ask That Mountain* (1975), which tells the events of the non-violent Māori resistance to European occupation in Parihaka. Former New Zealand Prime Minister Helen Clark called it "one of New Zealand's most  books." His autobiography, ''Dick Scott: A Radical Writer's Life'', was published in 2004.

Scott was born in Palmerston North. He was the father of writer Rosie Scott (1948–2017).

Scott died on 1 January 2020, at the age of 96.

## References
Palmerston North

**Palmerston North** is a city in the North Island of New Zealand. It is the seat of the Manawatū-Whanganui region. The city is  north of the capital, Wellington. Palmerston North is the country's seventh-largest city. As of June 2018, the city had an urban population of 86,600.

## Other websites
*
Canton, Georgia

**Canton** is a city in and the county seat of Cherokee County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 32,973.

## References
Jane Danson

**Jane Danson** (born **Jane Elizabeth Dawson**; 8 November 1978) is an English actress. She is best known for her portraying the role of Leanne Battersby in the ITV soap opera *Coronation Street* (1997–2000, 2004–present). Her other television credits include ''Children's Ward* (1995–1997), *The Grand* (1997), *Always and Everyone* (2001–2002) and *The Bill* (2002–2003).

For her role on *Coronation Street'', Danson won the 2011 British Soap Award for "Best Dramatic Performance".

## Other websites
*
Georgia Taylor

**Georgia Taylor** (born **Claire Marie Jackson**; 26 February 1980) is an English actress. She is best known for portraying the roles of Toyah Battersby in the ITV soap opera *Coronation Street* (1997–2003, 2016–present), Ruth Winters in the BBC medical drama series *Casualty* (2007–2011), and Kate Barker in the ITV police drama series *Law & Order: UK* (2013–2014).

She was born and raised in Wigan, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom.

## Other websites
*
David Maslanka

**David Maslanka** (August 30, 1943 - August 7, 2017) was a composer. He is best known for his pieces for wind ensemble and his fourth symphony.

## Life 
Maslanka learned how to write music with H. Owen Reed.  He taught at Kingsborough Community College and Sarah Lawrence College. After 1990, Maslanka stopped teaching. He only wrote music after then. He lived in Missoula, Montana for most of his career.

## References
Jimmi Harkishin

**James "Jimmi" Harkishin** (born **Rajan Harkinshindas**; 19 March 1965) is an English actor, best known for portraying the role of Dev Alahan in the ITV soap opera *Coronation Street*, which he has played continuously since 10 November 1999. He also had a small role in the film *East is East*, as well as *Bhaji on the Beach*. Harkishin played Gary Lobo in the *Jonathan Creek* episode "Danse Macabre".

Harkishin was born in Paris, France, to an Indian father, Deepak, and an Italian mother, Soni.

He began acting in 1987 under the stage name James Harkishin, and played the regular character of Jose Cuervo for 18 episodes between 1990–1993 in the children's TV series *Uncle Jack*.

## References 
## Other websites
*
Sue Cleaver

**Susan Owen** (*née* **Cleaver**; born 2 September 1963) is an English actress. She is best known for portraying the role of Eileen Grimshaw in the ITV soap opera *Coronation Street*, a role she has played continuously since May 2000. Prior to appearing on *Coronation Street*, Cleaver portrayed Glenda alongside Victoria Wood in the BBC sitcom *Dinnerladies* from 1998 to 2000. She was covering for Denise Robertson as the agony aunt on ITV daytime programme *This Morning* until Robertson's death in 2016. In 2022, Cleaver was a contestant on the twenty-second series of ''I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!'', and came 9th. 

## Personal life
Cleaver was born in Watford, Hertfordshire, England and moved to Manchester as a teenager.

## Other websites
*
This Morning

***This Morning*** is a British daytime television programme that is broadcast on ITV in the United Kingdom and Virgin Media One in the Republic of Ireland. It features news, home, food, health and entertainment segments. The current main presenters are Ben Shephard, Cat Deeley, Alison Hammond and Dermot O'Leary.

The show aired its first episode on 3 October 1988. The longest serving presenter of the show is Ruth Langsford who presented the series continously for 21 years since 1999. The show was originally presented by husband and wife duo Richard Madeley and Judy Finnigan until 2001. 

Through most of its history, it was presented by Holly Willoughby and Phillip Scofield from Monday to Thursday, and Dermot O'Leary and Alison Hammond on Fridays and holidays. Josie Gibson and Craig Doyle are also recurring presenters. From 2002 to 2023, Phillip Schofield was also one of the main hosts but he left the show due to several controversies. Holly Willoughby also announced that she was quitting on October 10 2023 following a plot to murder her.
Cherokee County, Georgia

**Cherokee County** is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 266,620. The county seat is Canton.

## References
Stanisław Stefanek

**Stanisław Stefanek** (7 May 1936 – 17 January 2020) was a Polish bishop of the Roman Catholic Church. He was born in Majdan Sobieszczański. He became a priest in 1959. He later held the roles of auxiliary bishop of Szczecin-Kamień and titular bishop of *Forum Popilii*. He served as bishop of Łomża from 1996 until his retirement in 2011.

Stefanek died on 17 January 2020 in Lublin, at the age of 83.

## References
Shale gas

**Shale gas** is natural gas that comes from shale, a kind of sedimentary rock. Most natural gas in the Earth is shale gas, but getting it out of the ground is difficult.

The issues with shale gas are rather similar to oil sands. In fact all types of oil and hydrocarbon gas in the ground were made during the far ancient past when the climate was much warmer than today. 

## References
Alan Halsall

**Alan David Halsall** (born 11 August 1982 in Walkden, Worsley, Greater Manchester) is an English actor. He is best known for playing Tyrone Dobbs in the ITV soap opera *Coronation Street*, a role which he has played since 1998. 

He has a daughter with his ex-wife Lucy-Jo Hudson.

## Other websites
*
Samia Longchambon

**Samia Maxine Longchambon** (*née* **Ghadie**, previously **Smith**; born 13 July 1982) is an English actress. She is best known for portraying the role of Maria Connor in the ITV soap opera *Coronation Street* (2000–present).

## Early life
Samia Ghadie was born in Eccles, Greater Manchester to Joseph, a French-Lebanese shop owner and Patsy, an English actress whom he met whilst working in Abu Dhabi. Samia lived there for a period as a child. She has a brother named Tariq.

## Other websites
*
Loganville, Georgia

**Loganville** is a city in Walton and Gwinnett counties, Georgia, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 14,127.

## References
Jimmy Heath

**James Edward Heath** (October 25, 1926 – January 19, 2020), nicknamed "**Little Bird**", was an American jazz saxophonist, composer, arranger and big band leader. He was the brother of bassist Percy Heath and drummer Albert Heath. In 1975, the brothers formed the Heath Brothers. He worked with notable musicians such as John Coltrane, Stanley Cowell, Benny Golson, Specs Wright, Cal Massey, Johnny Coles, Ray Bryant, Nelson Boyd, Miles Davis, Kenny Dorham, Gil Evans, Milt Jackson, Nancy Wilson, Gerald Wilson and Art Farmer. Heath was  for three Grammy Awards.

Heath was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was the father of musician James Mtume.

On January 19, 2020, Heath died of natural causes in Loganville, Georgia. He was 93.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Albert Heath

**Albert** "**Tootie**" **Heath** (May 31, 1935 – April 3, 2024) was an American jazz hard bop drummer. He is the brother of saxophonist Jimmy Heath and the bassist Percy Heath. 

In 1975, the brothers formed the Heath Brothers. He notably worked with musicians such as John Coltrane, J. J. Johnson, Wes Montgomery, Art Farmer and Benny Golson's Jazztet, Cedar Walton, Bobby Timmons, Kenny Drew, Sonny Rollins, Dexter Gordon, Johnny Griffin, Herbie Hancock, Friedrich Gulda, Nina Simone and Yusef Lateef.

Heath was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Heath died from leukemia in Santa Fe, New Mexico, on April 3, 2024, at the age of 88.

## References
Rhona and Rhoda Wurtele

**Grace Rhona Wurtele Gillis**  (January 21, 1922 – January 17, 2020) and **Isabella Rhoda Wurtele Eaves**  (born January 21, 1922) were Canadian skiers. They were identical twin sisters. The pair were active in the 1940s and 1950s. The duo won many North American skiing competitions. Together they made up the entire 1948 Winter Olympics women's alpine team for Canada. Rhoda also competed at the 1952 Winter Olympics. The Wurteles were born in Saint-Lambert, Quebec.

## References
## Other websites
*Rhona Wurtele  at Sports-Reference.com
*Rhoda Wurtele  at Sports-Reference.com
Minié ball

ball grooves for aerodynamic stability.]]
's Minié ball design from the Harpers Ferry Armory]]
The **Minié ball**, or **Minni ball**, is a type of muzzle-loading spin-stabilized bullet for rifled muskets named after its developer, Claude-Étienne Minié, inventor of the French Minié rifle. It came to prominence in the Crimean War and American Civil War.

Rifling, the addition of spiral grooves inside a gun barrel, gives a spin to a bullet, greatly increasing the range and accuracy of a gun. Before the Minié ball, balls had to be jammed down the rifle barrel, sometimes with a mallet, and after a relatively small number of shots, gunpowder leftovers built up in the spiral grooves, which then had to be cleaned out. The development of the Minié ball was significant, because it was the first projectile that was small enough to be easily put down the barrel of a rifled long gun. Both the American Springfield Model 1861 and the British Pattern 1853 Enfield rifled muskets, the most common weapons used during the American Civil War, used the Minié ball.

The Minié ball did a lot of damage in the American Civil War. It made it really hard for surgeons to treat wounded soldiers because Minié balls shattered bones often.

## References
Weekend (Polish band)

**Weekend** is a Polish band. They have made disco polo music and dance music.

## Discography 
### Albums 
### Singles 
### Other charted songs 
## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*
Globe Town

**Globe Town** is an area southeast of Bethnal Green in East London. It is in the borough of Tower Hamlets, in London, United Kingdom.

Globe Town can be described as being east of the rest of Bethnal Green. It features a parade of shops, several social housing estates (primarily high-rise) and Bow Post office.

Large metal statues of globes were built as part of a Tower Hamlets council scheme known as "Tower Hamlets' Neighbourhoods", trying to build a sense of community in poorer areas of London's East End.

The area centres on Roman Road, providing access to neighbouring Bethnal Green and Bow, with many bus routes between these bigger neighbourhoods stopping in Globe Town.

South of the main area are a primary school and pedestrian and cycle access towards Queen Mary University Of London.

## References
John Mackey

**John Mackey** (born October 1, 1973) is an American composer. He writes for wind ensemble most of the time. He used to write for dance companies. He studied at Cleveland Institute of Music first and then Juillard. Mackey currently lives in San Francisco, California.

## References
Ludovico Einaudi

**Ludovico Maria Enrico Einaudi**  (born 23 November 1955) is an Italian pianist and composer. He has made several original albums of piano music and has made the soundtracks for several films, including *This is England*, *The Father* and *Nomadland*. He now lives in Milan, Italy.

## References
List of Crossroads characters

The British television soap opera *Crossroads* had its original run from 1964 to 1988. The only character in all twenty-four years was  Jill Richardson, played by Jane Rossington.

## Characters
The Brian May Band

**The Brian May Band** was an English-American rock band formed by Queen guitarist Brian May. The band was originally formed in October 1991 for May's performance at Guitar Legends guitar festival in Seville, Spain. They toured with May to promote some of his studio albums.

The rhythm section for the band was Cozy Powell and Neil Murray, who had already worked together in Black Sabbath and Whitesnake. Spike Edney, who was the tour keyboardist for Queen between 1984 and 1986 took the keyboard spot.

The band soon went on a tour of the United States, Europe and Japan. The tour ended in December 1993, when May returned to the studio with fellow Queen band mates Roger Taylor and John Deacon for Queen's final studio album, *Made In Heaven*. Meanwhile, Cozy Powell and Neil Murray returned to work with Black Sabbath, and both later joined Peter Green's Band.

The band reunited in 1998 to promote Brian May's *Another World* album. Eric Singer, of later KISS fame, was brought as the last minute replacement for Cozy Powell, who had died in a car accident earlier that year.

In 2005, both Jamie Moses and Spike Edney joined the Queen + Paul Rodgers collaboration on their worldwide tour.

Their only release was the live album, *Live at the Brixton Academy* in 1993.
Andrew Whyment

**Andrew "Andy" Whyment** (born 2 April 1981) is an English actor. He is best known for portraying the roles of Darren Sinclair-Jones in the BBC sitcom *The Royle Family* (1999–2000), and Kirk Sutherland in the ITV soap opera *Coronation Street* (2000–present).

## References
## Other websites
*
List of cities and towns in California

]]
 in San Diego]]
]]
 in San Francisco]]
]]
 in Sacramento]]
 Long Beach]]
 in Oakland]]
]]
 in Anaheim]]

California is a state in the Western United States. It is the state with the most people, as 39,538,223 people lived there in 2020. One county, San Francisco, is a city-county, which means it is both a municipality and county. In California law, there is no difference between a city and town. This means municipalities can use either name.

The largest municipality by population is Los Angeles, which had 3,898,747 people living there in 2020. The smallest is Amador City, with 200 people living there in 2020.

## Cities and towns
## References
National Book Foundation

The **National Book Foundation** (**NBF**) is an American nonprofit organization established "to raise the cultural appreciation of great writing in America". Established 1989 by National Book Awards, Inc.,

## Awards
* National Book Awards
* Lifetime Achievement
* 5 Under 35
* Innovations in Reading Prize

## Programs
Some of the Foundation's programs include:
* Author in Focus 
* BookUp
* Book Rich Environments 
: Book Distribution
: Library Engagement
: Partnership Building
* Why Reading Matters Conference 
* Eat, Drink & Be Literary 
* Literature for Justice
* NBF Presents
* Notes from the Reading Life
* Raising Readers 
* Teen Press Conference

## References
Realism theory

's book *The Prince* from 1532 is said to be a main work of realism theory]]

**Realism theory** is a way of thinking about politics and world history, that focuses on being realistic. It is one of the main styles of international relations theory. It gives the theoretic background to Realpolitik statesmanship of early modern Europe. According to Realism, world politics is always and necessarily a field of conflict among actors who want power. The theories of realism are contrasted by the cooperative ideals of liberalism.

Depending on what they see as the cause of the conflict between states, realists can be divided into three classes: Classical realists believe it follows from human nature; neorealists attribute it to the dynamics of the anarchic state system; neoclassical realists believe it results from both, in combination with domestic politics. Neorealists are also divided between defensive and offensive realism. Realists trace the history of their ideas back through classical antiquity, beginning with Thucydides.

Jonathan Haslam defines realism as "a spectrum of ideas." Its theories revolve around four main rules:

# states are the central actors in international politics, rather than leaders or international organizations;
# the international political system is anarchic, as there is no supranational authority to enforce rules;
# states act in their rational self-interest within the international system; and
# states desire power to ensure self-preservation.

Realism is often associated with Realpolitik, as both deal with the pursuit, possession, and application of power. Realpolitik, however, is an older prescriptive guideline limited to policy-making, while realism is a wider theoretical and methodological paradigm to describe, explain, and predict events in international relations. As an academic pursuit, realism is not tied to ideology; it does not favor any particular moral philosophy, nor does it consider ideology to be a major factor in the behavior of nations. Priorities of realists have been described as Machiavellian, single-mindedly seeking the power of one's own nation over others.

## References
Loris Zanatta

**Loris Zanatta** (born 19 September 1962) is Professor of Latin American History at the University of Bologna (Italy).

He is author of several books and articles, published in Europe and Latin America, and commentator on Latin America in various media.

Zanatta was featured in the 2018 documentary *El pueblo soy yo*.

## Bibliography 
* Del Estado liberal a la Nación católica. Iglesia y Ejército en los orígenes del peronismo. 1930-1943 (Buenos Aires, 1996)
* Perón y el mito de la Nación católica. 1943-1946 (Buenos Aires, 1999)
* Historia de la Iglesia argentina (Buenos Aires, 2000)
* Breve Historia del peronismo clásico (Buenos Aires, 2009)
* Eva Perón. Una biografía política (Buenos Aires, 2011)
* Historia de América Latina: de la Colonia al siglo XXI (Buenos Aires, 2012)
* La internacional justicialista (Buenos Aires, 2012)
* El populismo (Buenos Aires, 2014)
* La larga agonía de la nación católica (Buenos Aires, 2015)

## Other websites
* Department of Political and Social Sciences / Università di Bologna
Blagovest Sendov

**Blagovest Hristov Sendov** (; 8 February 1932 – 19 January 2020) was a Bulgarian diplomat, mathematician and politician. He served as the chairperson of the National Assembly from 1995 to 1997. He was also the National Assembly's deputy chairperson from 1997 to 2002. He was the Bulgarian ambassador to Japan from 2004 to 2009. He was born in Asenovgrad.

On 19 January 2020, Sendov died at the age of 87.

## References
Claudio Roditi

**Cláudio Roditi** (28 May 1946 – 17 January 2020) was a Brazilian jazz trumpeter. He was born in Rio de Janeiro. In 1976, he moved to New York City. Roditi was a member of Dizzy Gillespie's United Nations Orchestra. He also notably worked with Herbie Mann, Charlie Rouse and Paquito D'Rivera. He was  for two Grammy Awards in 1995 and 2010.

On 17 January 2020, Roditi died of prostate cancer in South Orange, New Jersey. He was 73.

## References
Paola Santana

**Paola Santana** is a Dominican entrepreneur and lawyer. She is a member of the faculty at Singularity University. She is best known for creating  the first constitutional court in the Dominican Republic. She also founded the drone based logistics company, Matternet . It was the first drone delivery platform allowed for permanent operations in any city. Santana has also founded Social Glass, a software product for the government system.

## Education 
Santana got her Bachelor's degree in Law from the Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra in 2009. She enrolled at Ecole nationale d'administration for a Master of Public Administration and thereafter completed a program in the Foundations of American Law and Legal Education from the Georgetown University. In 2012, she completed an LLM from The George Washington University and also enrolled for a program in Policy, Law and Ethics of Exponential Technologies from Singularity University.

## Career 
In 2011, Santana was appointed as the Chief of Staff and Strategic Technical Advisor at Tribunal Constitucional de la República Dominicana, where she co-led to establish the first constitutional court in the Dominican Republic. She has worked as a legal consultant at The Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD) and The World Bank. Santana co-founded Matternet, a drone delivery platform which received an FAA regulatory waiver to operate in the United States.

Santana has also worked with NASA to work on the UAS Traffic Management Software System for low-altitude airspace operations under Matternet’s partnership program. Since then she has co-led several advisory committees for drone including the Federal Drone Advisory Committee, Unmanned Aircraft Systems Advisory Group and F38 Subcommittee on Markings for Small UAS. Santana also co-drafted the public-private partnership for Hyperloop Transportation Technologies, to enable a multi-state Hyperloop system in the United States. In 2017, she founded a software company, Social Glass that builds an artificial intelligence based software to help the government with automation of processes and help in the decision making.

## References 
## Other websites
* Matternet
* Social Glass
Lech Raczak

**Lech Raczak** (27 January 1946 – 17 January 2020) was a Polish theatre director. He was born in Krzyżanowo, Greater Poland Voivodeship, lived in  Poznań. He was one of the founders of the Theatre of the Eighth Day. From 1995 to 1998, Raczak was an artistic director of the Polish Theatre in Poznań. He also worked for Malta Festival as an artistic director between 1993 and 2012. He was a professor at University of Arts in Poznań from 2003.

Raczak died of a heart attack on 17 January 2020 at the age of 73.

## References
Lucy Fallon

**Lucy Fallon** (born 13 November 1995) is an English actress from Cleveleys, Lancashire. She found popular success playing Bethany Platt in the ITV soap opera, *Coronation Street* from 2015 to 2020. The role has earned her widespread recognition and several accolades, including two British Soap Awards, an *Inside Soap* Award, and a National Television Award. Fallon was born in Blackpool, Lancashire, England.

## Other websites 
*
Sam Robertson

**Samuel Robertson** (born 11 October 1985) is a Scottish actor and model. He is best known for his roles as Adam Barlow in the ITV soap opera *Coronation Street* and Flynn in the E4 comedy-drama series *Beaver Falls*. Robertson studied Drama and English at the University of Manchester, but dropped out at 18 to focus on his role of Adam Barlow in *Coronation Street*. In 2005 and 2006, he took part in the second to myers the third series of Sky1's *The Match*.

## Other websites
*
Jaroslav Kubera

**Jaroslav Kubera** (16 February 1947 – 20 January 2020) was a Czech politician. He was a member of the Civic Democratic Party (ODS). At the time of his death, he was the President of the Senate since November 2018. He was Senator from Teplice from 2000 until his death in 2020. He served as mayor of Teplice from 1994 to 2018.

Kubera was born in Louny. He had a small role as Edvard Beneš in historical drama movie *Toman*, directed by Ondřej Trojan.

Kubera died on 20 January 2020 in Ústí nad Labem. He was 72.

## References
## Other websites
*
Jennie McAlpine

**Jennie Elizabeth McAlpine** (born 12 February 1984 in Bury, Greater Manchester, England) is a British television actress, comedian and businesswoman. She is best known for her role as Fiz Brown in the long-running ITV soap opera *Coronation Street*. She also took part in season 17 of the British ITV television reality show ''I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!'' during 2017, she came in fourth place.

## Other websites
*
Lou Diamond Phillips

**Louis Diamond Phillips ** (né **Upchurch**; born February 17, 1962) is a Filipino-American actor and movie director. He is known for his role as Ritchie Valens in the biographical drama movie *La Bamba* (1987).

## References
William Bogert

**William "Bill" Bogert** (January 24, 1936 – January 12, 2020) was an American character actor. He was best known for his role as Brandon Brindle on the TV series *Small Wonder* from 1985 to 1989. He also played Kent Wallace, the host of ''Chappelle's Show*s *Frontline'' spoofs. 

Bogert died in New York City on January 12, 2020. He was 83 years old.

## References
## Other websites
*
DirectX Raytracing

**DirectX Raytracing** (**DXR**) is a feature of Microsoft's DirectX that can do raytracing in real-time. It is a big development in computer graphics. It was first made to use Nvidia's Volta platform. Some of the first products for consumers that use DXR include the Nvidia GeForce 20 series of GPUs, which was announced in 2018. DXR came out as an extension to DirectX 12 instead of a new version of DirectX.

The Windows 10 October 2018 update includes the public release of DirectX Raytracing.

## Technical details
DXR adds 4 main elements to the DirectX 12 API:
* An "acceleration structure", which is an object that holds what a 3D environment looks like. This allows objects that are in the scene to be quickly found by the GPU.
* A command list method called DispatchRays, which controls raytracing.
* HLSL shader types that are appropriate for raytracing.
* The Raytracing pipeline state, which is comparable to the existing Graphics and Compute pipeline states.

## References
## Other websites
* Microsoft developer blog on DirectX Raytracing
* DirectX Raytracing and the Windows 10 October 2018 Update
* Dev Preview of New DirectX 12 Features
* Nvidia blog about raytracing vs. rasterization
Urs Egger

**Urs Egger** (1955 – January 19, 2020) was a Swiss movie and television director and journalist. From 1974 to 1997, he worked for the Swiss *Neue Zürcher Zeitung* and the Australian *Cinema Papers* as a correspondent. His best known movies were *Kinder der Landstrasse* (1992) and *Opernball* (1998).

Egger died on January 19, 2020 at the age of 66.

## References
## Other websites
*
Danny Talbott

**Joseph Daniel Talbott** (November 1, 1944 – January 19, 2020) was an American football, baseball, and basketball player. He quarterbacked two seasons of football at UNC-Chapel Hill. He was named the ACC Player of the Year in 1966. 

He was drafted 17th overall by the San Francisco 49ers before backing up quarterback Sonny Jurgensen for the Washington Redskins under Vince Lombardi. He also played baseball professionally in the Baltimore Orioles's minor league system.

Talbott was born in Rocky Mount, North Carolina. He died on January 19, 2020 in Rocky Mount of cancer-related problems at the age of 75.

## References
Sam Anderson

**Sam Anderson** (born May 13, 1945) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Sam Gorpley on *Perfect Strangers*, as dentist Bernard Nadler on *Lost*, and as Holland Manners on *Angel*.

## References
## Other websites
*
ZAPiT Games

**ZAPiT Games, Inc.** was a company from Mississauga, Canada. It started in 2003 to make a home video game console for families. To do that, they worked with companies such as National Semiconductor, Panasonic and Altera to make the Game Wave Family Entertainment System. The games for the system are trivia games, video game versions of traditional board or card games.

## References
## Other websites
*
Rosanna DeSoto

**Rosanna DeSoto** (born September 2, 1950) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles in *Stand and Deliver*, for which she won an Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Female, and in *Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country* as Azetbur.

## References
Bois de Sioux River

The **Bois de Sioux River** drains Lake Traverse, the southernmost body of water in the Hudson Bay watershed of  North America. It is a tributary of the Red River of the North. It makes up part of the western border of the U.S. state of Minnesota, and the eastern borders of North Dakota and South Dakota. It is about 41 miles (66&nbsp;km) in length. The Dakota name for this River is Caninkpa Wakpa ( can = wood; inkpa = point; wakpa = river) named because it is the point or beginning of the woods all the way to Hudson Bay.[2] Where the Waters Gather and the Rivers Meet. By Paul C. Durand, Privately published, 1994 ISBN 0-9641469-0-8.

## References
Bombshell (2019 movie)

***Bombshell*** is a 2019 American biographical  drama movie directed by Jay Roach and written by Charles Randolph. The movie stars Charlize Theron, Nicole Kidman, and Margot Robbie. It is based on the stories of many women at Fox News who set out to expose CEO Roger Ailes for sexual harassment. Actors John Lithgow, Kate McKinnon, Connie Britton, Malcolm McDowell, and Allison Janney appear in supporting roles.

*Bombshell* received generally favorable reviews.

## References
La Bamba (movie)

***La Bamba*** is a 1987 American biographical movie written and directed by Luis Valdez. It is about the life and career of Chicano rock 'n' roll star Ritchie Valens. The movie stars Lou Diamond Phillips as Valens, Esai Morales, Rosanna DeSoto, Elizabeth Peña, Danielle von Zerneck, and Joe Pantoliano. 

It was released on July 24, 1987 to positive reviews. In 2017, the movie was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the  Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

## References
Pramila Jayapal

**Pramila Jayapal** (; born September 21, 1965) is an American politician and activist. She is the U.S. Representative (D-WA) from  since 2017. She is the author of ''Use the Power You Have: A Brown Woman's Guide to Politics and Political Change''*.* She wrote many bills. 

## References
Esai Morales

**Esai Manuel Morales Jr.** (born October 1, 1962) is an American actor. He played Bob Morales in the 1987 biopic *La Bamba*. He also appeared in the PBS drama *American Family* and in the Showtime series *Resurrection Blvd.* 

He is best known for his roles as Lt. Tony Rodriguez on *NYPD Blue,* Joseph Adama in the science fiction television series *Caprica,* and Camino del Rio in the Netflix original series *Ozark*.

## References
Joe Pantoliano

**Joseph Peter Pantoliano** (born September 12, 1951) is an American actor. He is known for his roles in *Risky Business*, *The Goonies*, *La Bamba*, *The Matrix* and *Midnight Run*. He has also played Captain Conrad Howard in the *Bad Boys* trilogy and Ralph Cifaretto during seasons 3 and 4 of *The Sopranos*. 

## References
Hudson County, New Jersey

**Hudson County**, a county in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is west of the lower Hudson River, which was named for Henry Hudson. The county seat is Jersey City.

As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 724,854.

## References