open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Lai Haraoba in Tripura

(traditional Meitei priestess) performing a holy and sacred dance in Lai Haraoba]]

Lai Haraoba (, ) is a traditional ritual festival observed by the Meitei people in Tripura, India as well as in other regions of Northeast India. The name translates to "*merrymaking of the gods*" and the festival is primarily dedicated to the Umang Lai, or forest deities. It involves a series of ritualistic ceremonies, dances, music, and folk narratives that depict the creation of the universe according to Meitei cosmology. Lai Haraoba serves both religious and cultural functions, preserving indigenous belief systems and performing arts. According to Biplab Kumar Deb, a Chief Minister of the Government of Tripura, the Lai Haraoba festival plays a role in strengthening the relationship between Manipur and Tripura states.

Tulshibati (),  one of the Meitei queens of Tripura's King Radhakishore Manikya (r. 1896–1909) and daughter-in-law of Meitei Queen Mother Rajeswari, established a temple dedicated to the Meitei deity Lainingthou Puthiba () at Abhoynagar (also known as Abhaynagar) in Tripura. This site has since become the primary location for the celebration of the Lai Haraoba festival by the Meitei community in the region.

## Duration 
In Tripura, the Lai Haraoba festival is observed annually, typically spanning a duration of five days.

## Revival 
In January 2012, after nearly 40 years, the Meitei community in Agartala revived the celebration of the Lai Haraoba festival. Previously, the festival had been organized by the royal family, but in this instance, it was organized by the local community. The event aimed to preserve cultural traditions and raise awareness of Meitei cultural heritage among the younger generation. It was noted that the festival served to promote peace and unity within the community.

For many participants, this was the first time experiencing the festival in Agartala. The celebration provided an opportunity to learn about traditional Meitei culture, with an emphasis on the importance of cultural awareness among youth. The revival of the festival contributed to reinforcing cultural identity and fostering a sense of community.
* Lainingthou Puthiba

## Organising groups 
* Abhoynagar Puthiba Social Welfare and Cultural Society
* Pratima Bhoumik, Union Minister of States (MoS) (in January, 2023)
* Dipak Majumder, a Mayor of Agartala Municipal Corporation (AMC) (in December, 2023)
* Mevar Kumar Jamatia, a Tribal Welfare Minister of Tripura (in January, 2022)
* Jitendra Chowdhury, an MP of Tripura (in December, 2017)
* Sudip Barman, an MLA of Tripura (in December, 2017)

## Related pages 
* Lai Haraoba in Bangladesh
* Lai Haraoba in Myanmar
* Manipuri Literary and Cultural Forum, Tripura
* Meitei language in Tripura
* Takhel Ngamba

## References
List of monarchs of Tonga

This is a list of monarchs of Tonga since 1845. In this year, the constitution of Tonga established the role of the monarch. The first constitutional monarch of Tonga was George Tupou I.
Brandtocetus

***Brandtocetus*** was a genus of cetothere whales in the subfamily Cetotheriinae. Its type species is ***Brandtocetus chongulek*** from the Miocene of the Kerch Peninsula in Crimea.

## Description 
*Brandtocetus chongulek* has transversely expanded squamosal bones, S-shaped nuchal crests, an anterior margin of the occipital shield extending anterior to the center of the temporal fossa, and an elongated posterior process of the tympanoperiotic.

## Related pages 
* Herpetocetus
* Cetotherium

## References 
## Other websites
Harold Baines

**Harold Douglas Baines** (born March 15, 1959) is a former American baseball player. He played as a designated hitter and right fielder in Major League Baseball. He played from 1980 to 2001 for five American League teams. Baines is known for playing three times with the Chicago White Sox. Baines is from Maryland and also played seven years with his hometown team, the Baltimore Orioles.

Baines was known for being consistent and strong in important moments. When he retired, he was seventh in AL history for most games played.

After retiring, he worked as a coach for the White Sox. Later, he became a team ambassador and spring training coach.

In 2019, Baines was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame.

## Life 
Harold Baines grew up in Saint Michaels, Maryland. He lived with his father, Linwood, who worked with stone. Baines had three brothers and one sister. 

## References
Anomaloglossus blanci

***Anomaloglossus blanci*** is a frog.  Scientists found it in French Guiana.

## Body
The adult male frog is 15.9-18.8 mm long from nose to rear end.

## Taxonomy
Scientists used to think this was the same species as *A. degranvellei*.

## Home
This frog lives in rocky and sandy streams. Scientists saw it between 50 and 200 meters above sea level.

Scientists saw the frog in one protected place: Parc Amazonien de Guyane.

## Young
The males sit near streams and call to the female frogs. After the eggs hatch, the male frogs carry the tadpoles to streams.

## Danger
Scientists say this frog is in danger of dying out. They have not seen the fungus *Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis* on the frog, but because the disease chytridiomycosis has killed other amphibians in French Guiana, they think it could have killed many of these frogs too.

## References
Climax, Minnesota

**Climax** is a city in Polk County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 243 in 2020 .

## Geography 
It is located on Sand Hill River, a part of the Red River of the North.

U.S. Highway 75 and Minnesota Highway 220 are the main roads.

## Name 
Climax was named after a chewing tobacco company. 

The slogan is "Climax. More than just a feeling."  

A newspaper reported a person from Fertile, Minnesota died in Climax, Minnesota. Her death headline was *Fertile Woman dies in Climax*.

## References
Fertile, Minnesota

**Fertile** ( ) is a city in Polk County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 804 in 2020.

Every year, the Polk County Fair is held in Fertile. This is Fertile's main attraction during the summer.

## Name 
The city was named after Fertile, Iowa.

Fertile has sand dunes from the former Lake Agassiz. The Fertile Sand Hills are Minnesota's only dunes.

Minnesota State Highways 32 and Minnesota Highway 102 are the main roads. 

The Agassiz Recreational Trail goes through the city. It is a 53-mile abandoned railroad.

A newspaper reported a person from Fertile, Minnesota died in Climax, Minnesota. Her death headline was *Fertile Woman dies in Climax*.

## Economy 
Most of the business in Fertile comes from farming, hunting, and fishing.

## References
Beerwah, Queensland

**Beerwah, Queensland** is a rural town in the Sunshine Coast Region of Queensland, Australia, located about 80 km north of Brisbane. It had a population of 7,734 people as of the 2021 census.

## Notable people 
*Bob Irwin
*Steve Irwin
*Bindi Irwin

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Palatalization (phonetics)

**Palatalization** changes a sound so that it is made while the tongue is close to the palate.

In the IPA, the symbol for palatalization is a lowercase superscript *j*, ʲ, and is put after a consonant letter to show that the sound is palatalized (for example [bʲ], which marks a palatalized bilabial plosive).
Mnarani ruins

The **Mnarani ruins** are the remains of two mosques  on the Indian Ocean coast of Kenya, south of Malindi. These remains date back to the 15th century.

## Description
The remains of two mosques are located on the southern side of Kilifi Creek. The settlement at the site dates back to the 14th century, and the site also contains a number of tombs. 
People left this settlement in the early 17th century, due to a lack of fresh water and attacks by neighbors.

Access to the Mnarani ruins is subject to an entry ticket.

## Image gallery 

Signpost to the Mnarani ruins.jpg|Signpost to the Mnarani ruins
The Great Mosque at Mnarani ruins.jpg|The Great Mosque at Mnarani ruins
File:The Mihrab of the Great Mosque at Mnarani ruins.jpg|The Mihrab of the Great Mosque at Mnarani ruins

## In popular culture
* The ruins of Mnarani are described in Andrei Gusev's novel *“Невозвращенец”* (“The Non-Returnee”), in the second part.

## Related pages
*Jumba la Mtwana
*Ruins of Gedi

## References
Cesar Aguilar

**Cesar Aguilar** is an American politician. He is a member of the Arizona House of Representatives for the Democratic Party. He was elected in 2022. He was born in Phoenix, Arizona and graduated from Northern Arizona University.

## References
Preparation

**Preparation** can be

* Preparation (dental), the method by which a tooth is prepared when taking away decay and making a form that will give enough retention for a dental restoration
* Preparation (music), treatment of dissonance in tonal music
* Preparation, Iowa, a ghost town

* Prepared dosage form
* Prepared drug
* Prepared food
* Prepared supplement
* Special modifications to instruments, see
**Prepared piano
**Prepared guitar
*Fossil preparation, some kind of work on fossils
* Preparation time, time to prepare speeches in policy debate
* *The Preparation*, a 2017 South Korean movie
* *Preparations* (album), a 2007 album by Prefuse 73

## Related pages
* Preparation H, popular hemorrhoids medicine
* Preparation for the Gospel, early Christian book
* 
* Prep (disambiguation)
* Preparationism
* Prepare (disambiguation)
* Preparedness (disambiguation)
Vanguard Animation

**Vanguard Films & Animation Studio** or **Vanguard Animation** is an independent American computer animation studio founded in 2002, by producer John H. Williams. known for *Valiant* in 2005, *Space Chimps* in 2008 and ''Happily N'Ever After'' in 2006. as of 2025, **Vanguard Animation** has notable upcoming films. 

## Feature films 
### Upcoming films 
### In development
Oak Grove, Louisiana

**Oak Grove, Louisiana** may refer to:

* Oak Grove, Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, an unincorporated community
* Oak Grove, West Carroll Parish, Louisiana, an town
Brian Condenanza

**Brian Condenanza**  (born May 3, 1999) is an Argentine entrepreneur, investor and venture capitalist who specializes in fintech, impact investing, and emerging technologies. He is the founder and chief executive officer of the venture capital firm Hevea Capital. He was named to Forbes 30 Under 30 in 2022 and is a TEDx speaker who advocates for positive change and innovation through technology and financial inclusion.

## Early life and education 
Condenanza was born on May 3, 1999 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. He earned a Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) from the University of Mississippi (Ole Miss), where he was a member of the Beta Theta Pi fraternity and president of the Latin American Student Association. He traveled to Italy with the University of Mississippi’s study abroad program. 

## Career 
Condenanza began his career as an advisor and private investor in fintech startups, and eventually founded Hevea Capital, a venture capital fund focused on financial technology and digital assets. He has invested in several companies, such as Linen App, Nada Inc. and the social investment app Iris.

In 2017, he was selected to represent Argentina at the UN Youth Assembly at the United Nations Headquarters in New York, where he spoke about technology’s role in widening access to finance. The following year, he delivered a TEDx talk in Switzerland exploring how blockchain can unlock cost and efficiency gains for public and private sector services.  

In 2022, Condenanza was included in the Forbes 30 Under 30 list (Finance category), citing his early stage investments in fintech and the launch of Hevea Capital. He has contributed his expertise to various business publications and written articles on this subject.

Condenanza joined UNESCO’s Inclusive Policy Lab in 2025, contributing to global discussions on inclusion and policy innovation.

## Honours 
 Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts (FRSA), 2024 — elected in recognition of his patronage of art museums and their education programmes.

## References
Vérité

**Kelsey Regina Byrne** (born May 6, 1990), known professionally as **Vérité** (stylized as **VÉRITÉ**), is an American singer-songwriter and musician. Her first single "Strange Enough" was self-released in July 2014. Her music genre is indie pop, electropop and alternative pop. Her second EP, *Sentiment*, was self-released on June 8, 2015.

## Early life
Kelsey Regina Byrne was born on May 6, 1990, in Orange County, New York. Her father was a rock musician. Vérité began to sing while still in elementary school. She learned piano when young.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Vérité on Neon Gold Records
Grelling–Nelson paradox

The **Grelling–Nelson paradox** is a logical paradox, which is a statement that cannot be true or false.

The paradox relates to how adjectives work. All adjectives describe something, including the properties of words. Some adjectives' meanings can also describe a property of themselves. For example, the word *pentasyllabic* is an adjective that means "having five syllables", which describes the word *pentasyllabic* because that word does have five syllables. Adjectives that describe themselves are called *autological*. Some adjectives' meanings describe something that is the opposite of themselves. For example, the word *hyphenated* means "having a hyphen", but the word *hyphenated* does not have a hyphen in it. Adjectives that describe the opposite of themselves are called *heterological*.

The Grelling–Nelson paradox comes about when you ask whether the word *heterological* is autological (meaning it describes itself) or heterological (meaning it describes the opposite of itself).
* If it is autological, it describes itself, but since *heterological* means "describes the opposite of itself", that means it is really describing the opposite of itself. This is a contradiction.
* If it is heterological, it describes the opposite of itself, but that also means it describes itself because *heterological* means "describes the opposite of itself". That would mean it is autological, so the same contradiction happens again.
This means the word *heterological* can never be heterological or autological. It also means the sentence "the word *heterological* is heterological" can never be true or false. Likewise, the sentence "the word *heterological* is autological" can never be true or false. This is what makes this case a paradox.

The Grelling–Nelson paradox is related to Russell's paradox in set theory, which asks if a set made up of other sets that are not members of themselves can be a member of itself. It works like this. Imagine an adjective being a set of everything that can be described by that adjective. For example, you can understand the adjective *green* as a set made up of every object that is green. If a word is autological and describes itself, that means it is a member of its own set. On the other hand, if a word is heterological, and describes the opposite of itself, that means it is not a member of its own set. In this way, the word *heterological* can be understood as being the set of all sets that are not members of themselves, so the Grelling–Nelson paradox becomes the same type of problem as Russell's paradox.

## References
*
*
Mental calculator

A **mental calculator** is primarily a person who can perform mathematical calculations in their mind. It is also known as mental arithmetic, mental calculation, quick math, fast math, or doing math in your head. In German, it is known as Kopfrechnen, which translates into English as “head calculation”. It is most commonly used as a title for people who are capable of using techniques to remembering mathematical facts, visualizing numbers, and recognizing patterns.

## Applications 
Mental calculation is used in everyday situations to speed up common chores or make more accurate decisions faster,

### Finances and budgeting 
They can be applied to estimating discounts, comparing prices, calculating the total cost of items, figuring out the tip amount, managing spending, tracking expenses, saving money, accurately counting money and making change.

### Time management 
Mental calculations are helpful for calculating how much time is needed for tasks, appointments, travel quickly judging time intervals and durations, breaking down tasks into smaller, manageable parts and allocating time accordingly.

### General problem Solving 
Such actions can help enhance and accurately apply critical thinking skills and logical reasoning. This is done through the act of breaking down complex problems into smaller parts and solving them mentally, making quick, informed guesses based on available information, applying mathematical principles to solve real-world problems.

#### Sports and games 
* Keeping track of scores in games.
* Calculating probabilities and making strategic decisions.

## References
Tirhuta script

**Tirhuta**, also called **Mithilakshar** or **Maithili** script, was traditionally used to write the Maithili language, spoken by about 35 million people in the Mithila region. It was also used for writing Sanskrit. Tirhuta belongs to the same script family as Bengali–Assamese, Newari, Odia, and Tibetan.

## History 
The *Lalitavistara*, an old Buddhist text, mentions the Vaidehi script. Around the late 600s AD, big changes happened in the writing style used in the northeast of India. This change first appeared in the writings of King Adityasena. Over time, the eastern version of this new script became the Maithili script, which later became popular in places like Assam, Bengal, and Nepal.

The earliest written evidence of the Maithili script comes from the 7th century AD. It appears in inscriptions by King Adityasena on the Mandar Hill Stone in Bounsi, Banka district, Bihar. These inscriptions are now kept in the Baidyanath Temple in Deoghar and are important for understanding the early form of the Maithili script. The script has been used throughout Mithila from Champaran to Deoghar.

## Current status 
The use of the Maithili script has been declining over the past 100 years, which has also led to a decline in the culture. Even though Maithili is recognized by the constitution, its growth is held back because the script is not widely used today.

Today, the Maithili language is mostly written in the Devanagari script, but the Tirhuta script is still occasionally used by religious pundits and culturally aware families for ceremonial letters (pātā), documents, and cultural events, with ongoing efforts to revive and expand its use.

Maithili was officially recognized as one of Nepal’s 14 provincial languages and was added to the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution in 2003, confirming its status as an independent language. However, only the Devanagari script is officially used today.

## Letters 
### Consonant letters 
Tirhuta script uses its own signs for the positional decimal numeral system.
## Image Gallery 

File:Mandar_parvat_inscriptions_of_Tirhuta.jpg|*7th Century AD,* Mandar Parvat inscriptions of **Tirhuta**
File:Tirhuta_script_found_on_Mandar_parbat.jpg|Tirhuta script found on Mandar Parvat
File:Tirhuta_inscriptions_at_Mandar_Parvat.jpg|Image showing early **Tirhuta** writing in 7th century AD, Mandar Hills inscriptions
File:Table_showing_various_alphabets_used_in_Mithila.png|Table showing various alphabets used in Mithila
File:Varṇa_Ratnākara_manuscript_in_the_Library_of_Royal_Asiatic_Society_of_Bengal.jpg|**Varṇa Ratnākara** *manuscript in* **Maithili** *script*
File:Three_scripts_of_Mithila.png|A Sanskrit Shloka written in three characters of Mithila
File:Mithilakshara_Scripts_hand_writting.jpg|Hand written Mithilakshara scripts
File:Inscription_of_King_Narsimha_of_the_Oinwar_dynasty_of_Mithila.jpg|Inscription of King Narasimha of the Oinwar dynasty in the Tirhuta script at the *Kandaha Sun Temple* in Saharsa district, (c. 1435 A.D.)

## Unicode 
Tirhuta script was added to the Unicode Standard in June 2014 with the release of version 7.0.

## References
Ovidio Guzmán López

**Ovidio Guzmán López** (born 29 March 1990), better known as **El Ratón***,* is a Mexican former drug lord and former high-ranking member of the Sinaloa Cartel, a criminal group based in the state of Sinaloa. He is the son of the drug lord Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán, Mexico's most-powerful drug lord.

López was suspected of being a leader within a Sinaloa Cartel faction often referred to as Los Chapitos. He was captured on 5 January 2023 and remanded to Federal Social Readaptation Center No. 1, until he was extradited to the U.S. on 15 September 2023, where he was awaiting trial. In 2025, López pleaded guilty to drug trafficking and running drug-cartel operations. 

## References
Iván Archivaldo Guzmán Salazar

**Iván Archivaldo Guzmán Salazar** (born 15 August 1983), better known as **El Chapito**, is a Mexican drug lord who succeeded his imprisoned father Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán as the leader of the Sinaloa Cartel in 2017.

According to U.S. government sources and observers of the narcotics trade, Iván Archivaldo, his brother Jesús Alfredo Guzmán Salazar and half-brothers Ovidio Guzmán López and Joaquín Guzmán López have taken over the faction of the cartel previously led by their father. They are commonly referred to as the "Los Chapitos."  Ovidio Guzmán López was apprehended on 5 January 2023 and extradited to the U.S. where he is now imprisoned on drug trafficking charges, while Joaquín Guzmán López was apprehended on the 25 July 2024 and is currently going through court procedures.

## References
Gulshan Kumar

**Gulshan Kumar Dua** (5 May 1956 – 12 August 1997) was an Indian music and film producer who started the T-Series music label in 1983. By the 1990s, he made T-Series one of the biggest music companies in India.

After Gulshan Kumar's death in 1997, T-Series was taken over by his younger brother Krishan Kumar and his son Bhushan Kumar. His daughters, Tulsi Kumar and Khushalii Kumar, have also followed in his footsteps and become playback singers.

## References 
*https://starsunfolded.com/gulshan-kumar/
Sandeep Raj

**Sandeep Raj** is an Indian film director, screenwriter, producer, and actor primarily known for his work in Telugu films. He gained recognition with his debut film *Colour Photo* (2020) which received him the National Film Award.

## Career 
Sandeep made his first direction with the film *Colour Photo* starring Suhaas and Chandini, where he received National Film Award.
 
## Filmography 
### As a director
### As writer and producer
### As a actor
## Personal life 
Sandeep born and brought up in Vijayawada. On 7 December 2024, he got married to Chandini Rao.

## Awards and nominations 
## References
Francisca Javiera Cabrini

**Francesca Saverio Cabrini** (Sant' Angelo Lodigiano, July 15, 1850 - Chicago, December 22, 1917) was an Italian nun and the first American citizen to be canonized. 

During her lifetime she was known as **Mother Frances Xavier Cabrini** (in English), **Francisca Javier Cabrini** (in Spanish) or simply **Mother Cabrini** . She is considered one of the most accomplished Italians dedicated to social assistance.

## Biography 
Francesca Cabrini was born in Sant'Angelo Lodigiano, Lombardy (Italy), and was the youngest of thirteen children. Her health was always delicate. She took religious vows in 1877, becoming the superior mother of the Casa della Providenza orphanage in Codogno, where she taught.

In 1880, the orphanage closed and she became one of the seven founding members of the Institute of the Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. In 1888 the Bishop of Piacenza, San Juan Bautista Scalabrini, invited her to collaborate with his missions in America.

## Recognition 
Frances Cabrini was beatified on 13 November 1938 by Pope Pius XI and canonized on 7 July 1946 by Pope Pius XII. 

The miracle that led to his beatification concerns the restoration of sight to a child who had been blinded by an excess of silver nitrate in his eyes. The miracle of her canonization was the cure of a terminal illness in a nun.

In 1950, Pius XII proclaimed Mother Cabrini the patron saint of immigrants and in 1952 the *American Committee on Italian Migration* of New York declared her the Italian immigrant of the century.

There are several prayers and hymns in her honor.

## References 
## Literature 
:* 

:*
Screw theory

**Screw theory** is a Mathematical formulation of vector pairs used in physics (dynamics of rigid bodies.

Screws are fasteners which twist and move up and down a screw hole because of helical riveting.
We can express this movement in terms of vectors and understand many aspects of how far the screw has turned, gone in or out, etc. from the manipulation of mathematical operations on screws. We usually deal with multiplication of matrices in screw theory.

## See also 
* Screw axis
* Newton–Euler equations uses screws to describe rigid body motions and loading.
* Twist (differential geometry)
* Twist (rational trigonometry)
Nahid

**Nahid** is the Persian name for the Iranian goddess Anahita.

**Nahid** can be

**Nahid* (movie), 2015 Iranian film
**Nahid* (magazine), Ottoman magazine
*Nahid-1, Iranian satellite

## People with the given name
*Nahid Kiani (born 1998), is an Iranian taekwondo practitioner.
*Nahid Islam (born 1998), is a Bangladeshi student activist.
Hussein

**Hussein** is a name.

## Surname
*Qusay Hussein (born 1966),  was an Iraqi politician and military leader
*Saddam Hussein (born 1937), was an Iraqi politician and revolutionary
**Uday Hussein (born 1964), was the oldest son of Saddam Hussein
*Abdul Razak Hussein (born 1922), was the second Prime Minister of Malaysia
*Nur Hassan Hussein (born 1937), was a Somali politicians
*Osman Hussein (born 1951), is a Sudanese politician
*Abdirizak Haji Hussein (born 1924), was Prime Minister of Somalia from 1964 to1967.

## Givenname
*Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz, was the Sharif of Mecca
*Hussein Salem  (1933), was an Egyptian-Spanish businessman
*Hussein Moheb,  is a Yemeni singer
## Middle name
*Mohamed Hussein Tantawi (born 1935), was an Egyptian field marshal and politician.
*Mohamed Hussein Roble (born 1968), is a Somali politician
Nazakat Ahmad Ali Shah

**Nazakat Ahmad Ali Shah** (; also known as Nazakat Ali) is a Kashmiri businessman and tourist guide from Baisaran Valley, Jammu and Kashmir (union territory), India. Nazakat Ali was the cousin of Syed Adil Hussain Shah who died to save the lives of many tourists in the 2025 Pahalgam attack.

## Incident 
On 22 April 2025, five armed militants attacked the tourists in the Indian-administered territory of Jammu and Kashmir, killing 26 and injuring more than 20 others, Nazakat Ali saved the daughter of a BJP leader during a terror attack by declaring her his own to a terrorist.He also rescued 11 people safely after the attack, from Chhattisgarh’s Chirmiri town. When the terrorists opened fire, Nazakat Ali didn’t think twice and rushed the group to safety. However, he lost his cousin, Syed Adil Hussain Shah.

## References
Racial inequality in the United States

**Racial inequality in the U.S.** means that people from different races often face unequal treatment and opportunities. This is largely due to a history of slavery, racism, and unfair systems that still affect people today—especially minority groups.In a 2021 survey, most economists (78%) agreed that economic differences between Black and white Americans are mostly caused by ongoing discrimination. There is a big wealth gap between races. For example, the gap between white and Black families grew from $85,000 in 1984 to $236,500 in 2009. Factors like home ownership, income, unemployment, education, and inheritance contribute to this.

In 1863, Black Americans owned just 0.5% of U.S. wealth. By 2019, that had only risen to about 1.5%. Slavery treated Black people as property. After slavery ended, many were trapped in poverty as sharecroppers. Black Americans were also excluded from programs like homesteading and Social Security. Many lost savings when the Freedman’s Bank collapsed. Because of these setbacks, Black families are less likely to inherit wealth and more likely to support relatives financially.

## Income effects
The racial wealth gap is clear when comparing the earnings and wealth of different racial groups. For instance, middle-class Black Americans make about 70 cents for every dollar a white person in the same class earns. Race is one of the biggest factors in determining wealth.

Researchers Krivo and Kaufman found that when income goes up, it helps white Americans build wealth more than it does for minorities. For example, a $10,000 raise increases home value for white Americans by about $17,770, but only by $15,900 for Black Americans, $15,150 for Hispanics, and $9,500 for Asians.

## References
Anomaloglossus mitaraka

***Anomaloglossus mitaraka*** is a frog.  Scientists found it in French Guiana and Suriname. Scientists think it could also live in Brazil.

## First paper
*
## References
Mariliendre

**Mariliendre** is an Spanish comedy-drama television series. It first aired on Atresplayer on 27 April 2025 and stars Blanca Martínez Rodrigo. The programme mixes humour and emotions and focuses on relationships and family life.

## Premise 
The main character, Marilì, is a woman who was left by her husband. He left her because he discovered he is gay. Now, Marilì wants to start a new life. She tries to understand herself better and also supports her son, who has his own problems. The programme talks about love, family, and how to accept others.

## Cast 
* Chiara Francini as Marilì
* Alessandro Bandini as Andrea
* Giovanni Anzaldo as Gabriele
* Beatrice Schiros as Giada

## Production 
The series was made in Spain. It was produced by Atresplayer from the original series produced by Atresmedia TV alongside Suma Content. It has six episodes. It was created by Javier Ferreiro.

## Reception 
The programme received good reviews for its mix of humour and sensitive topics. Viewers liked the performance of Chiara Francini and the story about LGBTQ+ themes and acceptance.

## Sources
Oregon's 1st congressional district

'''TheOregon's 1st congressional district''' is a congressional district  located in the U.S state of Oregon. The district stretches from Portland's western suburbs, to parts of the coast. The district has the cities of Beaverton, Hillsboro, and Tigard, which are in the Portland metropolitan area. The district is in the northwest corner of Oregon. It includes all of Clatsop, Columbia and Tillamook Counties, and most of Washington County and a bit of southwest Multnomah County in Portland. It generally has most of Portland west of the Williamette River.

The district has been represented by Suzanne Bonamici since 2012, who won an election to replace David Wu, who resigned.

In the 1990s, it was a swing district, but after the 2000 United States Census, the district included parts of Democratic Portland, and it is now the second most Democratic district in Oregon, behind Oregon’s 3rd congressional district.

## List of members for the district 
## References
Dallas Police Department

The **Dallas Police Department**, established in 1881, is the principal law enforcement agency serving the city of Dallas, Texas.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* Dallas Police and Firefighters employee website
* Dallas Black Police Association
* 
* Dallas Police Department memorial 1910
* Dallas K13 Police Department website
George Ross (delegate)

**George Ross Jr** (May 10, 1730 – July 14, 1779) was a Founding Father of the United States who signed the Continental Association and the United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of Pennsylvania. He was also the uncle of the man who married Betsy Griscom in 1773, more famous under her married name, Betsy Ross. In 1952, Ross, George Washington, and Robert Morris appeared on a three-cent stamp commemorating Betsy Ross.George Ross was born in May of 1730 in Newcastle, Delaware, into very large family. His father was a minister, educated at Edenburgh, and the Ross children received a sound classical education at home. George then proceeded to read law at the office of his older brother,Initially a Tory, he served as Crown prosecutor for 12 years from 1768 to 1776. His sympathies began to change, and he became a strong supporter of the colonial assemblies in their disputes with Parliament. In 1768 he was elected to the provincial legislature of Pennsylvania. He was elected to Continental Congress in 1774, 1776, and 1777. He was a colonel in the Continental Army in 1776. In 1776, he undertook negotiations with the northwestern Indians on behalf of his colony, and that year he acted as vice president of the state constitutional convention, so then that led to helping draft a declaration of rights. He was re-elected to the Continental Congress in January 1777 but resigned that same year because of poor health. He was vice president of the Pennsylvania constitutional convention and was the Judge of the Admiralty Court of Pennsylvania in 1779. In 1778, while he was acting as admiralty judge, a congressional court of appeals overruled his decision in a case involving a dispute between a citizen of Connecticut and the state of Pennsylvania. He refused to acknowledge the authority of the higher court to counter state decisions, which initiated a dispute between manifestation of the states' rights controversy and did not subside until 1809. He resigned from the Continental Congress in 1777 because of poor health and was appointed to the Pennsylvania Court of Admiralty where he died in 1779 at age 49. He was buried at Christ Church Burial Ground in Philadelphia.

## References
Tsuneko Okazaki

**Tsuneko Okazaki** is a Japanese biologist who discovered Okazaki fragments with her husband. Okazaki fragments are short DNA fragments that indicate newly made DNA. 

## Early life 
Okazaki was born in 1933. She graduated from Nagoya University, where she got her Ph.D. in biology and met her husband, Reiji Okazaki. 

## Career 
Okakazi worked with her husband to discover Okazaki fragments. When her husband died of Leukemia, she continued to research. Her neighbors and family members helped take care of her kids while she worked. Overall, she was a very influential woman in science and helped many people understand the concept of DNA replication.

She won many awards for her actions. 

## References
Eth (letter)

The Letter **Eth** comes from the Sumberlandish people In northern Finland to 100 BC to 600 AD the Sumberlandish used "eth" and "ḟ" those 2 letters were a verison of the word "TH" and it used to be called ḟợh and "etợh" ợ was just the two letters "u" and "o" in a word combined it sounded like "oh,cok".

## References
Mayfair Witches

**Mayfair Witches** is an American fantasy and horror television series. It started in 2023 and is based on books by Anne Rice. The show tells the story of a woman who learns that she is part of a powerful family of witches.

## Story 
Dr. Rowan Fielding is a smart brain surgeon. One day, she finds out she is the new leader of a witch family called the Mayfairs. The family history goes back hundreds of years to the 17th-century in Scotland. Rowan starts to feel new powers and sees strange visions.

She also meets a dark and mysterious being called Lasher. He has a strong connection to her family. As she learns more, Rowan must stop a dangerous curse and protect her family from danger. The story moves between the past and present and mixes magic, family secrets, and mystery.

## Cast 
* Alexandra Daddario as Rowan Fielding
* Jack Huston as Lasher
* Tongayi Chirisa as Ciprien
* Beth Grant as Carlotta Mayfair
* Harry Hamlin, Ben Feldman, Alyssa Jirrels, and Olive Abercrombie also appear

## Production 
The series was filmed in New Orleans, Louisiana. Some scenes were filmed in the Garden District and at the Lafayette Cemetery No. 1. The old house used as the Mayfair family home is based on the real Soria-Creel House at Prytania Street. The production team worked with locals to show the city in an authentic way.

## Reception 
People liked the dark style, the music, and the performance by Alexandra Daddario. Some critics said the story was a little slow, but most liked the mix of horror and fantasy. The series was popular and got a second season in 2024. A third season is planned for 2026, and it will take place in Salem.

## Episodes 
### Season 1 
# The Witching Hour  
# The Dark Place  
# Second Line  
# Curiouser and Curiouser  
# The Thrall  
# Transference  
# Tessa  
# What Rough Beast  

### Season 2 
# Lasher  
# Ten of Swords  
# Cover the Mirrors  
# Double Helix  
# Julien’s Victrola  
# Michaelmas  
# Tangled Web  
# The Innocents  

## Main actress 
**Alexandra Daddario** was born on March 16, 1986, in New York City. She became famous for her role in the *Percy Jackson* movies. She also acted in *True Detective*, *White Lotus*, and movies like *San Andreas* and *Baywatch*. Since 2023, she plays the lead role in *Mayfair Witches*. She is married to producer Andrew Form, and they had a child in 2024.

## Sources 
* Mayfair Witches on Fernsehserien.tv
Hydroperoxide

of methyl hydroperoxide, the simplest organic hydroperoxide. White balls are hydrogen, the black ball is carbon, and the red balls are oxygen.]]

**Hydroperoxide** is the  functional group: an oxygen atom bonded to another oxygen atom which is itself bonded to a hydrogen atom. Organic compounds that have this group are also called hydroperoxides.

A chemical that has a hydroperoxide connected to an acyl group is called an organic peroxy acid.

Hydroperoxides are chemical unstable compounds. A technical usage of such compounds is the sharpless epoxidation.

## References
Cumene process

The **cumene process** or **Hock process** is a chemical reaction used in the chemical industry. It makes phenol and acetone, two important commodity chemicals, from benzene and propylene. It is named for cumene, which is made as the first step of the process.

The cumene process happens in three steps. First, a Friedel-Crafts reaction attaches the propylene molecule to the benzene ring, making cumene. The cumene is then exposed to oxygen, changing it into cumene hydroperoxide (an autoxidation reaction). Finally, the hydroperoxide goes through a rearrangement reaction called the **Hock rearrangement**, and breaks apart into the phenol and acetone products.

Acid catalysts are needed for both the Friedel-Crafts reaction and the Hock rearrangement.

## References
ATC code A11

## A11A Multivitamins, combinations
### A11AA Multivitamins with minerals
:A11AA01 Multivitamins and iron
:A11AA02 Multivitamins and calcium
:A11AA03 Multivitamins and other minerals, including combinations
:A11AA04 Multivitamins and trace elements

### A11AB Multivitamins, other combinations
## A11B Multivitamins, plain
### A11BA Multivitamins, plain
## A11C Vitamin A and D, including combinations of the two
### A11CA Vitamin A, plain
:A11CA01 Retinol (vitamin A)
:A11CA02 Betacarotene

### A11CB Vitamin A and D in combination
### A11CC Vitamin D and analogues
:A11CC01 Ergocalciferol
:A11CC02 Dihydrotachysterol
:A11CC03 Alfacalcidol
:A11CC04 Calcitriol
:A11CC05 Colecalciferol
:A11CC06 Calcifediol
:A11CC20 Combinations
:A11CC55 Colecalciferol, combinations

## A11D Vitamin B1, plain and in combination with vitamin B6 and B12
### A11DA Vitamin B1, plain
:A11DA01 Thiamine (vitamin B1)
:A11DA02 Sulbutiamine
:A11DA03 Benfotiamine

### A11DB Vitamin B1 in combination with vitamin B6 and/or vitamin B12
## A11E Vitamin B-complex, including combinations
### A11EA Vitamin B-complex, plain
### A11EB Vitamin B-complex with vitamin C
### A11EC Vitamin B-complex with minerals
### A11ED Vitamin B-complex with anabolic steroids
### A11EX Vitamin B-complex, other combinations
## A11G Ascorbic acid (vitamin C), including combinations
### A11GA Ascorbic acid (vitamin C), plain
:A11GA01 Ascorbic acid (vitamin C)

### A11GB Ascorbic acid (vitamin C), combinations
:A11GB01 Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and calcium

## A11H Other plain vitamin preparations
### A11HA Other plain vitamin preparations
:A11HA01 Nicotinamide
:A11HA02 Pyridoxine (vitamin B6)
:A11HA03 Tocopherol (vitamin E)
:A11HA04 Riboflavin (vitamin B2)
:A11HA05 Biotin
:A11HA06 Pyridoxal phosphate
:A11HA07 Inositol
:A11HA08 Tocofersolan
:A11HA30 Dexpanthenol
:A11HA31 Calcium pantothenate
:A11HA32 Pantethine

## A11J Other vitamin products, combinations
### A11JA Combinations of vitamins
### A11JB Vitamins with minerals
### A11JC Vitamins, other combinations
## References
List of MeSH codes (A01)

The following is a partial list of the "A" codes for Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), as defined by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM). Codes following these are found at List of MeSH codes (A02). For other MeSH codes, see List of MeSH codes.

Authoritative sources for this content are the MeSH Browser and MeSH SPARQL Explorer.

## – body regions
### – Anatomic Landmarks
### – breast
*  – mammary glands, human
*  – nipples

### – extremities
*  – amputation stumps
*  – lower extremity
**  – ankle
**  – buttocks
**  – foot
***  – forefoot, human
****  – metatarsus
****  – toes
*****  – hallux
***  – heel
**  – hip
**  – knee
**  – leg
**  – thigh
*  – upper extremity
**  – arm
**  – axilla
**  – elbow
**  – forearm
**  – hand
***  – fingers
****  – thumb
***  – metacarpus
**  – shoulder
**  – wrist

### – head
*  – ear
*  – face
**  – cheek
**  – chin
**  – eye
***  – eyebrows
***  – eyelids
****  – eyelashes (simpleː eyelash)
**  – forehead
**  – mouth
***  – lip
**  – nose
**  - nasolabial fold
**  – parotid region
**  - Superficial muscular aponeurotic system
*  – scalp
*  – skull base
**  – cranial fossa, anterior
**  – cranial fossa, middle
**  – cranial fossa, posterior
***  – Jugular foramina
**  – Infratemporal fossa
**  – Parapharyngeal space

### – neck
*  – Parapharyngeal space
*  – Superficial muscular aponeurotic system

### – Organs At Risk
### – perineum
### – Torso
*  – abdomen
**  – abdominal cavity
***  – peritoneum
****  – Douglas' Pouch
****  – Mesentery
*****  – Mesocolon
****  – Omentum
****  – peritoneal cavity
****  – peritoneal stomata
***  – retroperitoneal space
**  – abdominal wall
**  – groin
**  – inguinal canal
**  – umbilicus
*  – abdominal core
**  – abdominal wall
**  – diaphragm
**  – pelvic floor
*  – back
**  – lumbosacral region
**  – sacrococcygeal region
*  – pelvis
**  – lesser pelvis
**  – pelvic floor
*  – thorax
**  – thoracic cavity
***  – Mediastinum
***  – pleural cavity
**  – thoracic wall

### – Transplant Donor Site
### – Transplants
*  – Allografts 
**  – Allogeneic cells 
*  – Autografts 
*  – Bone-patellar tendon-bone grafts 
*  – Composite tissue allografts 
*  – Heterografts 
*  – Isografts

### – Trigger Points
### – viscera
## Notes
Isatou Ceesay

**Isatou Ceesay** is a Gambian environmental activist and social entrepreneur. Her work convinced two countries, The Gambia and Senegal, to ban plastic bags in 2015.  She began teaching women in her village to recycle trash. Now, she helps women all over The Gambia start businesses that let them earn money to live. Miranda Paul wrote a book about her in 2015. A Peace Corps worker from the United States also helped. Her name is Peggy Sedlak. Together they figured out how to clean plastic bags. They cut them into strips of "plarn" (short for "plastic yarn") and crochet them into reusable items. Their nonprofit also helped women earn money by selling the purses and other items they made from old plastic bags. 

Some people in their village did not like their organization.  Some people thought it was embarrassing to sort trash to find plastic bags.  Other people did not like women earning money for their families.  They thought earning money was work for men.  The Recycling Centre kept doing its work anyway. 

A Swedish non-profit called Future In Our Hands hired Ceesay in 2009.  Her new job allowed Ceesay to work all over the country.  Ceesay used her relationships all over The Gambia to also spread the Recycling Center's ideas to over seventy-five communities around the country. The Recycling Center later changed its name to The Gambia Women’s Initiative.  It now helps women earn money to live by creating different businesses. The businesses are usually environmentally sustainable. Gambia Women’s Initiative has trained more than 5000 women. It is also the longest-running grassroots organization in The Gambia.

## References
Jim Doughan

**James Francis** "**Jim**" **Doughan** ( ) (born August 2, 1959) is an American actor, teacher, and writer, best known for his roles as Detective Doyle in *The Mask* (1994), Detective Allen and Lucky in *Stuart Little* (1999), and the soccer coach in * Stuart Little 2* (2002). He is currently a performing arts teacher at Harvard-Westlake School in Los Angeles, California.

## References
## Other websites
*
List of MeSH codes (A04)

The following is a partial list of the "A" codes for Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), as defined by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM). 

This list continues the information at List of MeSH codes (A03). Codes following these are found at List of MeSH codes (A05). For other MeSH codes, see List of MeSH codes.

Authoritative sources for this content are the MeSH Browser and MeSH SPARQL Explorer.

## – respiratory system
### – larynx
*  – glottis
*  – vocal cords
*  – laryngeal cartilages
*  – arytenoid cartilage
*  – cricoid cartilage
*  – epiglottis
*  – thyroid cartilage
*  – laryngeal mucosa
*  – goblet cells
*  – laryngeal muscles

### – lung
*  – bronchi
*  - bronchioles
*  – pulmonary alveoli
*  - alveolar epithelial cells
*  – blood-air barrier

### – nose
*  – nasal bone
*  - nasal cartilage	
*  – nasal cavity
*  – nasal mucosa
*  – goblet cells
*  – olfactory mucosa
*  – olfactory receptor neurons
*  – nasal septum
*  – vomeronasal organ
*  – paranasal sinuses
*  – ethmoid sinus
*  – frontal sinus
*  – maxillary sinus
*  – sphenoid sinus
*  – turbinates

### – pharynx
*  – hypopharynx
*  -  pyriform sinus
*  – nasopharynx
*  - adenoid
*  – oropharynx
*  – tonsil
*  – pharyngeal muscles
*  – esophageal sphincter, upper
*  - velopharyngeal port

### – pleura
### – respiratory mucosa
*  – goblet cells
*  – laryngeal mucosa
*  – nasal mucosa
*  – olfactory mucosa
*  – olfactory receptor neurons

### – trachea
## Notes
Poggle the Lesser

**Poggle the Lesser** was the Archduke of Geonosis and a prominent Separatist leader during the Clone Wars. A cunning and ambitious Geonosian, Poggle played a critical role in the formation of the Confederacy of Independent Systems and the early stages of the Clone Wars, including overseeing the construction of key weapons for the Separatist cause. His epithet derives from his location within the Geonosian Caste system in which he is subservient to the apex of the caste: the hivemended Queen "Karina the Great". He served as her prefect of war as he served as the overseer for the Geonosian droid factories which churned out millions of B1 and 2's each day. Poggle the Lesser was killed, along with other high-ranking members of the CIS by Sith Lord Darth Vader after the conclusion of the Clone Wars.
Freikorps in the Baltic

The **Frekorps in the Baltic** were German volunteer paramilitary units that operated in the Baltic states, mainly Latvia and Estonia. They existed between 1918 and 1920, during the chaotic aftermath of World War I and the Russian Revolution. These groups were part of the broader German Freikorps movement, composed largely of demobilized German soldiers, nationalists, and anti-communists.

## References
Jesús Alfredo Guzmán Salazar

**Jesús Alfredo Guzmán Salazar** (born 17 May 1986), better known as **Alfredillo**, is a Mexican drug lord and high-ranking member of the Sinaloa Cartel, a criminal group based in the state of Sinaloa. He is the son of the drug lord Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán, Mexico's most powerful drug lord. Salazar is suspected of being a leader within a Sinaloa Cartel faction often referred to as Los Chapitos.

## References