open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Frank Hamblen

**Frank Alan Hamblen, II** (April 16, 1947 – September 30, 2017) was an American basketball coach and scout. He played college basketball at Syracuse. He was born in Terre Haute, Indiana. He was known for being the assistant coach of the Denver Rockets and for the Milwaukee Bucks. He was also the interim coach for the Los Angeles Lakers.

Hamblen died on September 30, 2017 of cardiac arrest in San Diego, California at the age of  70.

## References
## Other websites
* NBA.com coach profile
* BasketballReference: Frank Hamblen 
* OrangeHoops: Frank Hamblen
Jean-Marie Lehn

**Jean-Marie Lehn** (born September 30, 1939) is a French chemist. He received the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Donald James Cram and Charles J. Pedersen. He specializes in organic chemistry and supramolecular chemistry.

He was born in Rosheim, France.

Lehn was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1988.

## Related pages 
*List of Nobel Prize winners in Chemistry

## References
Arrondissement of Thonon-les-Bains

The **arrondissement of Thonon-les-Bains** is an arrondissement of France.  It is part of the Haute-Savoie *département*, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. Its capital, and a subprefecture of the department, is the city of Thonon-les-Bains.

## History
When the Haute-Savoie department was created in 1860, the *arrondissement* of Thonon-les-Bains was part of that original department.

## Geography
The *arrondissement* of Thonon-les-Bains is bordered to the west, north and east by Switzerland, to the south by the *arrondissement* of Bonneville and to the southwest by the *arrondissement* of Saint-Julien-en-Genevois.

It is most northern of the *arrondissements* of the department and is the second smallest *arrondissement* with an area of , but it is the one with fewest people living in it, with 142,090 inhabitants and a density of  inhabitants/km².

## Composition
### Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the *arrondissements* so they could have *communes* that belong to different *arrondissements*.

In the *arrondissement* of Thonon-les-Bains, there are only 3 cantons:

# Évian-les-Bains (7407) (partly)
# Sciez (7415)
# Thonon-les-Bains (7417)

### Communes
The *arrondissement* of Thonon-les-Bains has 68 *communes*; they are (with their INSEE codes):

# Abondance (74001)
# Allinges (74005)
# Anthy-sur-Léman (74013)
# Armoy (74020)
# Ballaison (74025)
# Bellevaux (74032)
# Bernex (74033)
# Bogève (74038)
# Bonnevaux (74041)
# Bons-en-Chablais (74043)
# Boëge (74037)
# Brenthonne (74048)
# Burdignin (74050)
# Cervens (74053)
# Champanges (74057)
# Chens-sur-Léman (74070)
# Chevenoz (74073)
# Châtel (74063)
# Douvaine (74105)
# Draillant (74106)
# Essert-Romand (74114)
# Évian-les-Bains (74119)
# Excenevex (74121)
# Fessy (74126)
# Féternes (74127)
# Habère-Lullin (74139)
# Habère-Poche (74140)
# La Baume (74030)
# La Chapelle-d'Abondance (74058)
# La Forclaz (74129)
# La Vernaz (74295)
# Larringes (74146)
# Le Biot (74034)
# Loisin (74150)
# Lugrin (74154)
# Lullin (74155)
# Lully (74156)
# Lyaud (74157)
# Margencel (74163)
# Marin (74166)
# Massongy (74171)
# Maxilly-sur-Léman (74172)
# Meillerie (74175)
# Messery (74180)
# Montriond (74188)
# Morzine (74191)
# Nernier (74199)
# Neuvecelle (74200)
# Novel, Haute-Savoie (74203)
# Orcier (74206)
# Perrignier (74210)
# Publier (74218)
# Reyvroz (74222)
# Saint-André-de-Boëge (74226)
# Saint-Gingolph (74237)
# Saint-Jean-d'Aulps (74238)
# Saint-Paul-en-Chablais (74249)
# Saxel (74261)
# Sciez (74263)
# Seytroux (74271)
# Thollon-les-Mémises (74279)
# Thonon-les-Bains (74281)
# Vacheresse (74286)
# Vailly (74287)
# Veigy-Foncenex (74293)
# Villard (74301)
# Vinzier (74308)
# Yvoire (74315)

The *communes* with more inhabitants in the *arrondissement* are:

## Related pages
* Arrondissements of the Haute-Savoie department
* List of arrondissements of France

## References
Barney Gumble

**Barnard** "**Barney**" **Gumble** is a fictional character in the animated television series *The Simpsons*. Dan Castellaneta is the voice actor for him. He was first seen in the first episode of the show ("Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire"). He is Homer Simpson's best friend. He is very drunk, but he became sober in the episode "Days of Wine and D'oh'ses".
## Other websites
* Barney Gumble at TheSimpsons.com
*
Transcaucasian SFSR

The **Transcaucasian SFSR** was a Soviet republic consisting of modern Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan with its capital in Tbilisi. It lasted from 1922 to 1936.  The Socialist Soviet Republic of Abkhazia was also a part of the Transcaucasian SFSR, while it exiusted (1921 - 1931). After protests, Lavrenty Beria dispanded the republic in 1936. Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia again became independent republics (part of the Soviet Union). The Abchasian SFSR had been merged into Georgia earlier.

## References
Dry toilet

A **dry toilet** is for depositing human excrement without using water, very different from flush toilets that use water. It may be for sitting or squatting. The urine may get mixed with the feces or be kept separate.

There are different types of dry toilets: composting toilet, urine-diverting dry toilet, Arborloo, container-based toilet, bucket toilet, pit latrine, incinerating toilet, or freezing toilet.

## Types 
All of these types of dry toilets work without flush water and without connections to sewers or septic tanks:

*Composting toilet - usually with feces, urine, and sometimes food waste mixed together.
* Urine-diverting dry toilet – with urine kept separate to be used as a fertilizer for plants, while the feces stay drier.
* Arborloo – which is like a pit latrine but the pit is smaller and the outhouse is light and can be moved to another pit, while a tree is planted on the old pit.
* Container-based toilet - with excrement going into containers that are taken to places where it is processed.
* Bucket toilet – simply a pail, but can also have urine separate and feces covered with dry material.
* Pit latrine - a hole in the ground.
* Incinerating toilet, freezing toilet – these are more complicated and expensive.
Other dry toilets are being developed, some with funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

## Uses 
 on the left to catch this liquid.]]
There are four main reasons for using dry toilets:
* To save water and therefore money;
* To prevent water pollution;
* To recycle nutrients in agriculture, after treatment and storage to kill diseases;
* For places where sewers and wastewater treatment are not possible. 

It has been difficult to install and manage many dry toilets in cities (for example, in the Erdos Eco-City of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China). Designs need to be fine-tuned and carefully constructed and managed.

### Australia 
Brisbane, Australia, was largely unsewered until the early 1970s, with many suburbs having dry toilets (called "dunnies") behind each house.

Nitrogen Cycle.png|Nutrients recycle through the soil
Dry toilet with peat dispenser (Torfstreu-Trockenklosett in German) on display in a former bunker in Berlin.png|Historical German dry toilet with a mechanism to add peat moss to cover feces

## Related pages
* Sanitation
* Waste management

## References 
## Other websites 
* Global Dry Toilet Association of Finland   
* Sustainable Sanitation Alliance Discussion Forum
* Dry toilet publications in the library of the Sustainable Sanitation Alliance
* InodoroSeco Blog of experiences and ideas about dry toilets (in Spanish and English)
Lumbrein

**Lumbrein** was a municipality of the district Surselva in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. The municipalities of Cumbel, Degen, Lumbrein, Morissen, Suraua, Vignogn, Vella, and Vrin merged on 1 January 2013, into the new municipality of Lumnezia.

## Other websites
* Official Website
Karl Ravens

**Karl Ravens** (June 29, 1927 – September 8, 2017) was a German politician.

Ravens was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). He served as the Federal Minister of Regional Planning, Construction and Urban Development for West Germany from 1974 to 1978. 

He was also a member of the synod of the Evangelical Church in Germany from 1979 to 1981.

Ravens was born in Achim, Lower Saxony, and died in Hanover, at the age of 90.

## References
Hansje Bunschoten

**Hansje Bunschoten** (3 May 1958 – 1 October 2017) was a freestyle swimmer and television presenter from the Netherlands. She competed for her native country at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany. As a member of the Dutch Relay Teams she finished in fifth place, both in the 4 × 100 m medley and the 4 × 100 m freestyle.

Bunschoten was born in Hilversum and died of complications from breast cancer in Berlin on 1 October 2017 at the age of 59.

## References
## Other websites
Edmond Maire

**Edmond Maire** (24 January 1931 – 1 October 2017) was a French labor union leader. He was the secretary general of the French Democratic Confederation of Labour from 1971 to 1988. He was dismissive of strike actions and supported a more equal division of labour.

Maire died on 1 October 2017 in Paris at the age of 86.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Arrondissement of Bonneville

The **arrondissement of Bonneville** is an arrondissement of France.  It is part of the Haute-Savoie *département*, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. Its capital, and a subprefecture of the department, is the city of Bonneville.

## History
When the Haute-Savoie department was created in 1860, the *arrondissement* of Bonneville was part of that original department.

## Geography
The *arrondissement* of Bonneville is bordered to the north by the *arrondissement* of Thonon-les-Bains, to the east by Switzerland, to the southeast by Italy, to the south by the Savoie department, to the southwest by the *arrondissement* of Annecy and to the west by the *arrondissement* of Saint-Julien-en-Genevois.

It is the most eastern *arrondissement* of the department and is the largest *arrondissement* with an area of , and the second in population, with 184,093 inhabitants and a density of  inhabitants/km².

## Composition
### Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the *arrondissements* so they could have *communes* that belong to different *arrondissements*.

In the *arrondissement* of Bonneville, there are 7 cantons:

# Bonneville (7405) (partly)
# Cluses (7406)
# Évian-les-Bains (7407) (partly)
# Faverges (7408) (partly)
# Le Mont-Blanc (7410)
# La Roche-sur-Foron (7411) (partly)
# Sallanches (7414)

### Communes
The *arrondissement* of Bonneville has 61 *communes*; they are (with their INSEE codes):

# Amancy (74007)
# Arenthon (74018)
# Arâches-la-Frasse (74014)
# Ayse (74024)
# Bonneville (74042)
# Brizon (74049)
# Chamonix-Mont-Blanc (74056)
# Châtillon-sur-Cluses (74064)
# Cluses (74081)
# Combloux (74083)
# Contamine-sur-Arve (74087)
# Cordon (74089)
# Cornier (74090)
# Demi-Quartier (74099)
# Domancy (74103)
# Entremont (74110)
# Etaux (74116)
# Faucigny (74122)
# La Chapelle-Rambaud (74059)
# La Côte-d'Arbroz (74091)
# La Rivière-Enverse (74223)
# La Roche-sur-Foron (74224)
# La Tour (74284)
# Le Petit-Bornand-les-Glières (74212)
# Le Reposoir (74221)
# Les Contamines-Montjoie (74085)
# Les Gets (74134)
# Les Houches (74143)
# Magland (74159)
# Marcellaz (74162)
# Marignier (74164)
# Marnaz (74169)
# Megève (74173)
# Mieussy (74183)
# Mont-Saxonnex (74189)
# Morillon (74190)
# Mégevette (74174)
# Nancy-sur-Cluses (74196)
# Onnion (74205)
# Passy (74208)
# Peillonnex (74209)
# Praz-sur-Arly (74215)
# Saint-Gervais-les-Bains (74236)
# Saint-Jean-de-Tholome (74240)
# Saint-Jeoire (74241)
# Saint-Laurent (74244)
# Saint-Pierre-en-Faucigny (74250)
# Saint-Sigismond (74252)
# Saint-Sixt (74253)
# Sallanches (74256)
# Samoëns (74258)
# Scionzier (74264)
# Servoz (74266)
# Sixt-Fer-à-Cheval (74273)
# Taninges (74276)
# Thyez (74278)
# Vallorcine (74290)
# Verchaix (74294)
# Ville-en-Sallaz (74304)
# Viuz-en-Sallaz (74311)
# Vougy (74312)

The *communes* with more inhabitants in the *arrondissement* are:

## Related pages
* Arrondissements of the Haute-Savoie department
* List of arrondissements of France

## References
Larissa Volpert

**Larisa Ilinichna Volpert** (30 March 1926  – 1 October 2017 ) was a Soviet-Russian chess Woman Grandmaster and Soviet-Russian-Estonian philologist of Jewish descent.

She was three times  Soviet women's chess champion (1954, 1958, and 1959). She earned the Woman International Master title in 1954 and the Woman Grandmaster title in 1977.

Volpert was born in Leningrad and died in Tallinn, Estonia at the age of 91.

## References
Robert Elsie

**Robert Elsie** (June 29, 1950 – October 2, 2017) was a Canadian scholar who specialized in Albanian literature and folklore. He was born in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. He was known for his works *Albanian Literature : A Short History* and *The Highland Lute (Lahuta e Malcís): The Albanian National Epic*. As a translator, Elsie offered the reader “a selection of songs from the best known cycle of Albanian epic verse”.

Elsie died of complications from ALS in Bonn, Germany on October 2, 2017 at the age of 67.

## References
## Other websites
*Elsie's personal site.
Arthur Janov

**Arthur "Art" Janov** (; (August 21, 1924 &ndash; October 1, 2017) was an American psychologist, psychotherapist, and the creator of primal therapy, a treatment for mental illness that involves repeatedly descending into, feeling, and experiencing long-repressed childhood pain. He was born in Los Angeles, California. 

Janov directed a psychotherapy institute called the Primal Center in Santa Monica, California. Janov was the author of many books, most notably *The Primal Scream* (1970).

Janov died in his sleep of respiratory arrest after suffering a stroke at his home in Malibu, California on October 1, 2017 at the age of 93.

## References
## Other websites
* Dr Arthur Janov's Primal Center
* Janov's Reflections on the Human Condition Arthur Janov's Blog
* *Grand Delusions—Psychotherapies Without Feeling* (2005)  unpublished manuscript available at the Primal Center's website
* Life Before Birth website
Julie Payette

**Julie Payette** (born October 20, 1963) is a Canadian businesswoman, former astronaut, engineer, and was the 29th Governor General of Canada.

Payette has completed two spaceflights, STS-96 and STS-127, logging more than 25 days in space. She served as chief astronaut for the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), and has served as capsule communicator at NASA Mission Control Center in Houston.

She resigned on January 21, 2020. She was the first Governor General to leave office due to scandal.

## References
University of Texas tower shooting

The **University of Texas tower shooting** was a school shooting in the United States. It happened on August 1, 1966. It took place in Austin, Texas at University of Texas at Austin.

Sixteen people were killed in the incident. A 17th victim succumbed to his injuries in 2001.

Charles Whitman was the mass murderer. It has been suggested that Whitman's violent impulses, with which he struggled for years, were caused by a tumor on his brain. Whitman had killed his wife and his mother hours earlier.

After the shootings, the observation deck was closed. The many bullet holes were repaired. The tower was closed again in 1975 after four suicides. It reopened in 1999 after security features were put up.

## References
St James's Park

'''St James's Park''' is one of the oldest parks in the City of Westminster in London. It is  large and is surrounded by buildings including two palaces: Buckingham Palace, Green Park, Queen's Gardens, the Victoria Memorial, Horse Guards, Birdcage Walk. It opens every day and welcomes more than five million visitors per year. In the park there is a small lake called St James's Park Lake with two islands: West Island and Duck Island (a duck reserve).

## References
2017 Las Vegas shooting

On the night of October 1, 2017, Stephen Paddock fired hundreds of bullets from his hotel room on the 32nd floor of the Mandalay Bay Hotel on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, United States at a group of concert-goers across the road at the Route 91 Harvest music festival with an AR-15. From his 32nd floor balcony, Paddock fired over 1000 bullets into the festival. He killed 60 people and wounded 411 before committing suicide. The panic meant that the total injured increased to 867. It is the deadliest mass shooting in the history of the United States.

## Background
Paddock also thought about attacking other events before Las Vegas. He had researched events in Boston since at least May 2017, and had reserved a room near the August 2017 Lollapalooza festival in Chicago, but did not use it.

## Attack
After Paddock used a hammer to break two of the windows in both of his suites at the Mandalay Bay, he began shooting through them at 10:05p.m. He ultimately fired over 1,000 rifle rounds approximately  into the festival audience. He started out with a few single gunshots before firing in bursts that usually ranged from 80 rounds to 100 rounds. Many people in the crowd thought the gunfire was fireworks. During the shooting, a security fence stopped people from escaping the 15-acre concrete lot. The gunfire continued, with some short pauses, over the span of ten minutes and ended by 10:15p.m. During these pauses (during reload and while the assailant was confronting Campos), most people at the concert were able to escape the venue.

In addition to shooting at the concertgoers, Paddock fired eight bullets at a large jet fuel tank at Harry Reid International Airport  away.

At 10:12p.m., two officers on the 31st floor reported the sounds of gunfire on the floor above them.

Between 10:26&nbsp;p.m. and 10:30p.m., eight additional officers arrived at the 32nd floor. At 10:55p.m., the officers finished evacuating guests. At 11:20p.m., police breached Room 32–135 with explosives. Paddock was found dead on the floor from a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the head. At 11:27p.m., officers announced over the police radio that a suspect was down.

## Perpetrator 
The shooter was identified as 64-year-old Stephen Craig Paddock, who lived in Mesquite, Nevada. Police, relatives and neighbors described him as a gambler. When police arrived at his hotel room, Paddock was found dead there; he had killed himself with a self-inflicted gunshot wound. His motive for the shooting is unknown and has not been discovered by investigators.

## Reactions 
President Donald Trump posted on Twitter of his "warmest condolences and sympathies to the victims and families of the terrible Las Vegas shooting". In a public meeting with the press the next morning, he said the shooting was an "act of pure evil", a "senseless murder" and a "terrible, terrible attack". He praised the "miraculous" quick action of first responders. Later, he met with the victims on October 4, along with their relatives and police.

## Notes
## References
Paul Modrich

**Paul Lawrence Modrich** (born June 13, 1946) is an American biochemist. He is known for his research on DNA mismatch repair. He received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015, together with Aziz Sancar and Tomas Lindahl.

He was born on June 13, 1946, in Raton, New Mexico to Laurence and Margaret Modrich. He has a younger brother Dave. His father was a biology teacher and coach for basketball, football and tennis at Raton High School where he graduated in 1964.

## His work 
He works primarily on strand-directed mismatch repair. His lab demonstrated how DNA mismatch repair serves as a copyeditor to prevent errors from DNA polymerase. Matthew Meselson previously proposed the existence of recognition of mismatches. Modrich performed biochemical experiments to study mismatch repair in *E. coli*. They later searched for proteins associated with mismatch repair in humans.

## References
Reich President

The **Reich President** (German: *Reichspräsident*) was the president (head of state) of the German Reich during the Weimar Republic (1919-1933) and Nazi Germany (1933-1945).

The Reich President was the successor of the German emperor. He had more power than the current Federal President (*Bundespräsident*).

The Reich President was elected for a seven-year term by the German people, and could be re-elected. He was the head of the army, appointed and relieved the Reich Chancellor (*Reichskanzler*), and could also send away the Reichstag.

The Reich President was supposed to exercise the legislative power with the Reichstag but due to the instable situation of the Weimar Republic, he was often bypassing the Reichstag by using special legislation. This was the case during the early years of the Reich Presidency and especially in the early 1930s. During the Hitler period the Reichstag was just show.

## Presidents
Weimar Republic:
* Friedrich Ebert (1919-1925, SPD, died in office)
* Hans Luther (1925, no political party, acting)
* Walter Simons (1925, no political party, acting)
* Paul von Hindenburg (1925-1933, no political party, re-elected in 1932)

Nazi Germany:
* Paul von Hindenburg (1933-1934, no political party, died in office)
* Adolf Hitler (1934-1945, NSDAP, killed himself) 
* Karl Dönitz (1945, NSDAP, imprisoned)

## Presidential Standards 

File:Flag of the President of Germany (1919–1921).svg|1919–1921
File:Standard of the President of Germany.svg|1921–1926
File:Flag of the President of Germany (1926–1933).svg|1926–1933
File:Standarte Reichspräsident 1933-1935.svg|1933–1934
File:Standarte Adolf Hitlers.svg|1934–1945
File:Kriegsmarine OF10-Grossadmiral 1945.svg|1945

## References 
**Presidents and Assemblies*, Chapter 4. Matthew Soberg Shugart, John M. Carey. Cambridge University Press. 1992.
Renens

**Renens** is a municipality of the district Ouest lausannois in the Swiss canton of Vaud.

It is a suburb of the city of Lausanne.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Renens Homepage
Birsfelden

**Birsfelden** (Swiss German: *Birsfälde*) is a municipality in Arlesheim in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website 
*
Obersaxen Mundaun

**Obersaxen Mundaun** is a new municipality of the district of Surselva in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2016, the former municipalities of Mundaun and Obersaxen merged into the new municipality of Obersaxen Mundaun.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website of the municipality of Obersaxen Mundaun
BuzzFeed

***BuzzFeed*** is an internet media company based in New York City. It has offices around the world. ***BuzzFeed*** was founded in 2006 by Jonah Peretti and John S. Johnson III.

## Other websites 
**BuzzFeed*

## References
Illtal

**Illtal** is a new commune in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France. It was incorporated on 1 January 2016 by the combination of the former communes of Grentzingen, Henflingen and Oberdorf.

## References
Oberdorf, Haut-Rhin

**Oberdorf** is a former commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Illtal.

## References
Chuck Low

**Charles Lewis "Chuck" Low** (July 21, 1928 – September 18, 2017) was an American actor. He was born in New York City, New York. He was known for his role as Morris "Morrie" Kessler in the Martin Scorsese movie *Goodfellas* (1990). He has had small roles in other Robert De Niro movies, such as *The Mission*, *The King of Comedy*, and most notably in Sergio Leone's 1984 movie *Once Upon a Time in America*.

Low died on September 18, 2017 in Allendale, New Jersey at the age of 89.

## References
## Other websites
*
*Chuck Low bio at TheSopranos.com
Arrondissement of Saint-Julien-en-Genevois

The **arrondissement of Saint-Julien-en-Genevois** is an arrondissement of France.  It is part of the Haute-Savoie *département*, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. Its capital, and a subprefecture of the department, is the city of Saint-Julien-en-Genevois.

## History
When the Haute-Savoie department was created in 1860, the *arrondissement* of Saint-Julien-en-Genevois was part of that original department.

On 10 September 1926, the *arrondissement* of Saint-Julien was eliminated but became again an arrondissement in 1933. It has a population of 180,562 inhabitants and a density of  inhabitants/km².

## Composition
### Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the *arrondissements* so they could have *communes* that belong to different *arrondissements*.

In the *arrondissement* of Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, there are 5 cantons:

# Annemasse (7404)
# Bonneville (7405) (partly)
# Gaillard (7409)
# La Roche-sur-Foron (7411) (partly)
# Saint-Julien-en-Genevois (7413)

### Communes
The *arrondissement* of Saint-Julien-en-Genevois has 72 *communes*; they are (with their INSEE codes):

# Allonzier-la-Caille (74006)
# Ambilly (74008)
# Andilly (74009)
# Annemasse (74012)
# Arbusigny (74015)
# Archamps (74016)
# Arthaz-Pont-Notre-Dame (74021)
# Bassy (74029)
# Beaumont (74031)
# Bonne (74040)
# Bossey (74044)
# Cercier (74051)
# Cernex (74052)
# Challonges (74055)
# Chaumont (74065)
# Chavannaz (74066)
# Chessenaz (74071)
# Chevrier (74074)
# Chilly (74075)
# Chêne-en-Semine (74068)
# Chênex (74069)
# Clarafond-Arcine (74077)
# Clermont (74078)
# Collonges-sous-Salève (74082)
# Contamine-Sarzin (74086)
# Copponex (74088)
# Cranves-Sales (74094)
# Cruseilles (74096)
# Desingy (74100)
# Dingy-en-Vuache (74101)
# Droisy (74107)
# Feigères (74124)
# Fillinges (74128)
# Franclens (74130)
# Frangy (74131)
# Gaillard (74133)
# Jonzier-Épagny (74144)
# Juvigny (74145)
# La Muraz (74193)
# Le Sappey (74259)
# Lucinges (74153)
# Machilly (74158)
# Marlioz (74168)
# Menthonnex-en-Bornes (74177)
# Menthonnex-sous-Clermont (74178)
# Minzier (74184)
# Monnetier-Mornex (74185)
# Musièges (74195)
# Nangy (74197)
# Neydens (74201)
# Pers-Jussy (74211)
# Présilly (74216)
# Reignier-Esery (74220)
# Saint-Blaise (74228)
# Saint-Cergues (74229)
# Saint-Germain-sur-Rhône (74235)
# Saint-Julien-en-Genevois (74243)
# Savigny (74260)
# Scientrier (74262)
# Seyssel (74269)
# Usinens (74285)
# Valleiry (74288)
# Vanzy (74291)
# Vers (74296)
# Ville-la-Grand (74305)
# Villy-le-Bouveret (74306)
# Viry (74309)
# Vovray-en-Bornes (74313)
# Vulbens (74314)
# Vétraz-Monthoux (74298)
# Éloise (74109)
# Étrembières (74118)

The *communes* with more inhabitants in the *arrondissement* are:

## Related pages
* Arrondissements of the Haute-Savoie department
* List of arrondissements of France

## References
Philippe Rahmy

**Philippe Rahmy** (5 June 1965 &ndash; 1 October 2017) was a Swiss poet and writer. He was born in Geneva, Switzerland. He was a founding member of the prominent French literary site remue.net which focused on promoting contemporary literature over the Internet and through live events. He also worked as a photographer and as a director of award-winning independent short movies.

In 2017, he won the Swiss Literature Award.

Rahmy died of complications from brittle bone disease in Geneva on 1 October 2017 at the age of 52.

## References
## Other websites
* Bibliothèque cantonale universitaire 
* articles by Philippe Rahmy on remue.net
* texts by Philippe Rahmy on remue.net
* poetry books edited by Cheyne Editeur 
* rahmyfiction.net Philippe Rahmy's blog
Spanish Fighting Bull

* Sanchez Cobaleda.]]
The **Spanish Fighting Bull** (**Toro Bravo**, *toro de lidia*, *toro lidiado*, *ganado bravo*, *Touro de Lide'') is an Iberian heterogeneous cattle population. 

It is primarily bred free-range on extensive estates in Spain, Portugal, France and Latin American countries where bull fighting is organized. Fighting bulls are selected primarily for a certain combination of aggression, energy, strength, and stamina.

## References
## Other websites
Victorino Martín

**Victorino Martín Andrés** (6 March 1929 &ndash; 3 October 2017) was a Spanish Fighting Bull cattle rancher. He was born in Madrid, Spain. In 2011, he received the Order of the Second of May, a high honor in Spain. He was known for breeding many Fighting Bulls which were later used for bullfighting in venues in Spain and France.

Martín died at his home in Portezuelo, Province of Cáceres, Spain of a stroke on 3 October 2017 at the age of 88.

## References
## Other websites
* Web de Victorino Martín
* Muere Victorino Martín
Rodney Bickerstaffe

**Rodney Kevan Bickerstaffe** (6 April 1945 – 3 October 2017) was a British trade unionist. He served as President of the United Kingdom National Pensioners Convention. He was leader of Britain's largest trade union, UNISON until 2001. He was born in Hammersmith, London, England.

Bickerstaffe died in London on 3 October 2017 at the age of 72.

## References
## Other websites
* National Pensioners Convention website 
* Ken Gill Memorial Fund
Evangelina Elizondo

**Evangelina Elizondo** (28 April 1929 – October 2, 2017) was a Mexican actress, writer, painter and singer. She was born in Mexico City. She was known for her roles in *Frontera Norte*, *El Castillo de los Monstrous*, and in *A Walk in the Clouds*. She was also a singer known for "La sensacional Evangelina" and writer who wrote *Pensamiento abierto*.

Elizondo died in Mexico City on October 2, 2017 at the age of 88.

## References
## Other websites
* Elizondo's paintings
*
Solly Hemus

**Solomon Joseph "Solly" Hemus** (April 17, 1923 – October 2, 2017) was an American professional baseball infielder, manager, and coach in Major League Baseball (MLB). Hemus was one of a select group of major league players to hold a role as a player-manager. He was born in Phoenix, Arizona. He played and managed for the St. Louis Cardinals and briefly played for the Philadelphia Phillies.

Hemus died on October 2, 2017 in Houston, Texas at the age of 94.

## References
Klaus Huber

**Klaus Huber** (30 November 1924 – 2 October 2017) was a Swiss composer and academic based in Basel and Freiburg. He became one of the leading figures of his generation in Europe, compared to Pierre Boulez and Karlheinz Stockhausen.

Among his students are Brian Ferneyhough, Younghi Pagh-Paan, Toshio Hosokawa, Wolfgang Rihm and Kaija Saariaho. He received the Ernst von Siemens Music Prize in 2009, among other awards.

## References
Kim Un-yong

**Kim Un-yong** or **Un Yong Kim** (3 March 1931 – 2 October 2017) was a South Korean sports administrator, Vice-President of the International Olympic Committee, and founding member of the WTF executive board. Kim Un-yong was elected the president of the Korean Taekwondo Association on 23 January 1971. He was born in Daegu, South Korea.

## References
Paul Otellini

**Paul Stevens Otellini** (October 12, 1950 – October 2, 2017) was an American businessman and onetime president and CEO of Intel. He was also on the board of directors of Google. He was born in San Francisco, California. On November 19, 2012, Otellini announced his intention to retire in May 2013.

Otellini died in his sleep on October 2, 2017 at his home in Santa Rosa, California at the age of 66.

## References
## Other websites
*Intel website biography
*Otellini talking about innovation.
Robert Yates

**Robert Yates** (April 19, 1943 – October 2, 2017) was an American NASCAR engine builder and former owner of the Sprint Cup Series team Yates Racing, owned since 2007 by his son Doug. He purchased the team from Harry Ranier in 1988, with driver Davey Allison. He was born in Charlotte, North Carolina.

Yates won the NASCAR Winston Cup champion (1999).

Yates died at the age of 74 on October 2, 2017 from liver cancer.

## References
## Other websites
* Robert Yates Racing Engines
* YATES RACING team page at fordracing.com
Fuad Masum

**Muhammad Fuad Masum** ( *Muḥammad Fūād Ma‘ṣūm*; Kurdish: , born 1 January 1938) was the seventh President of Iraq from 24 July 2014 through 2 October 2019.

Masum is a veteran Iraqi Kurdish politician and was elected as President following the 2014 parliamentary election. 

Masum is the second non-Arab president of Iraq, replacing Jalal Talabani, also Kurdish, and is a friend of Talabani.

## References
Michel Jouvet

**Michel Valentin Marcel Jouvet** (16 November 1925 – 3 October 2017) was a French neurobiologist and oneirologist. He was Emeritus Professor of Experimental Medicine at the University of Lyon. He was born in Lons-le-Saunier, Jura, France. Jouvet was the researcher who first developed the analeptic drug Modafinil. He was elected in 1977 to the French Academy of Sciences. He developed the idea and term of REM sleep.

He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1993.

Jouvet died in Lyon, France on 3 October 2017 at the age of 91. 

## References
Catherine Hardy Lavender

**Catherine Hardy Lavender** (née **Catherine Hardy**) (February 8, 1930 &ndash; September 8, 2017) was an American athlete.

Lavender competed mainly in the 100-meter dash.  She won an Olympic gold medal in the 4 × 100 metres relay at the 1952 Olympic Summer Games in Helsinki, Finland. Later Hardy married, had children, and a 30-year teaching career in Atlanta schools. She was born in Carroll County, Georgia.

Lavender died of complications from pneumonia in Atlanta, Georgia at the age of 87 on September 8, 2017.

## References
## Other websites
* 1995-1996 Spirit of Legends Calendar of Black History; BellSouth, Carl Swearingen; 1995.
Stephen Paddock

**Stephen Craig Paddock** (April 9, 1953 &ndash; October 1, 2017) was an American mass murderer, who orchestrated the 2017 Las Vegas shooting.

Paddock killed 60 and injured 487 people during a country music festival on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada on October 1, 2017. After being discovered by the police in Mandalay Bay resort, he committed suicide by shooting himself.

According to police, Paddock acted alone. His motive remains unknown. There has been some discussion around brain pathology.

He was born in Clinton, Iowa and grew up in Tucson, Arizona and Sun Valley, Los Angeles. He lived in Mesquite, Nevada, and was a retired accountant.

His father Benjamin Hoskins Paddock (1926–1998) was a bank robber.

## References 
* NBC News
Joe Tiller

**Joseph Henry "Joe" Tiller** (December 7, 1942 – September 30, 2017) was an American football player and coach. He was born in Toledo, Ohio. 

Tiller served as the head football coach at the University of Wyoming from 1991 to 1996 and Purdue University from 1997 to 2008, having a career college football record of 126–92–1. Tiller was known as one of the innovators of the spread offense. He played for the Calgary Stampeders and for the Montana State Bobcats.

Tiller died on September 30, 2017 in Buffalo, Wyoming at the age of 74.

## References
## Other websites
* Purdue profile
Wilhelm von Schoen

**Wilhelm Eduard Freiherr von Schoen** (June 3, 1851 in Worms – April 24, 1933 in Berchtesgaden) was a German diplomat and politician.

Von Schoen was ambassador in Saint Petersburg and Paris. He handed the declaration of war to the French in 1914.

From 1907 to 1910 he was Minister of Foreign Affairs.

Von Schoen wrote several non-fiction books, among others about World War I.

He died in the German Alps at the age of 81.

## References 
*  *Friedrich Wilhelm von Schön. Eine biographische Skizze*. Stadtverwaltung Worms: Städtisches Spiel- und Festhaus. Pages 31–43. Worms, 1966. Fritz Reuter.
Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg

**Theobald Theodor Friedrich Alfred von Bethmann Hollweg** (November 29, 1856 in Hohenfinow (nowadays in Brandenburg) – January 1, 1921 in the same place) was a German independent politician. He was Reich Chancellor (*Reichskanzler*) of the German Empire during the greatest part of World War I.

Von Bethmann Holweg studied law at the University of Strasbourg, Leipzig University and the Humboldt-University of Berlin. He started working in the civil service of Prussia in 1882. He became president of the Province of Brandenburg in 1899. He was twice Minister of the Interior: of Prussia from 1905 to 1907, and of the German Empire from 1907 to 1909. He was also Vice Chancellor of Germany from 1907 to 1909.

He became Reich Chancellor in July 1909, succeeding Bernhard von Bülow. Before the war he tried in vain to improve relations with the United Kingdom. During the war he unsuccessfully opposed the launching of the U-boat warfare without any restrictions in March 1917. Because of peace efforts of the Reichstag he resigned in July 1917, and was succeeded by Georg Michaelis.

After the war he wrote his memoirs. Von Bethmann Hollweg died of pneumonia at the age of 64.

## References 
* www.jstor.org
Arrondissements of the Savoie department

There are 3 **arrondissements in the Savoie department**. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into *arrondissements*, which may be translated into English as **districts** (in some cases, as **boroughs**). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The arrondissements of Savoie are:

## History
Since its creation in 1860, the Savoie department has had few changes:
* 1860 : creation of the department from the southern part of the Duchy of Sardinia with four *arrondissements*: Chambéry, Albertville, Moûtiers and Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne. The capital was Chambéry.
* 1926 : the arrondissement of Moûtiers was eliminated and its territory became part of the arrondissement of Albertville.

## Related pages
* Arrondissement of Albertville
* Arrondissement of Chambéry
* Arrondissement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
* List of arrondissements of France

## References
Carman, Manitoba

**Carman** is a town in the Pembina Valley Region of southern Manitoba. As of 2021 about 3,100 people lived there.

## References
Michel Aoun

**Michel Aoun** (, ; born 18 February 1935) is a Lebanese politician. He was the 17th President of Lebanon from 31 October 2016 to 30 October 2022. He was elected on the 46th electoral session of the Lebanese parliament, breaking a 29-month deadlock. He is a Maronite Christian and the founder of the Free Patriotic Movement.

## References
## Other websites
Jesús Mosterín

**Jesús Mosterín** (1941 – 4 October 2017) was a Spanish philosopher and a thinker of broad spectrum, often at the frontier between science and philosophy. He was born in Bilbao, Spain. His works are based off Bertrand Russell’s *History of Western Philosophy*, whose foreword he composed, Some of the books of the series are devoted, for example, to Archaic thought, Aristotle and the philosophy of India. 

He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1993.

## References
Chittani Ramachandra Hegde

**Chittani Ramachandra Hegde** (1 January 1933 &ndash; 3 October 2017) was an Indian artist. He was one of the most popular Yakshagana artiste from Honnavara, Uttara Kannada, Karnataka (his birthplace). He was awarded with Padma Shri award in 2012. His career lasted until his death in 2017. Hegde was the first artist performing Yakshagana, to receive Padmashri award and he dedicated the award to "Yakshagana".

Hegde died of a stroke complicated by pneumonia at a hospital in Mumbai, India on 3 October 2017 at the age of 84.

## References
Davoud Ahmadinejad

**Davoud Ahmadinejad** (13 March 1950 – 4 October 2017) and Parvin Ahmadinejad. He was born in Aradan, Iran.

After the election of his brother as president in 2005, he was appointed as the head of the Presidential Inspection Commission.

In 2013, Ahmadinejad ran for President of Iran in the presidential election in 2013, but withdrew before the election was held. 

On 4 October 2017, Ahmadinejad died in Tehran of a heart attack at the age of 67.

## References
Vanaheimr

In Norse mythology, **Vanaheimr** (Old Norse for "home of the Vanir") is one of the Nine Worlds and home of the Vanir. The Vanir are the gods of fertility, wisdom, and the ability to see the future.

Vanaheimr is described in the *Poetic Edda*; which was put together in the 13th century from earlier stories. The *Prose Edda* and *Heimskringla* were both written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson. In the *Poetic Edda* and the *Prose Edda*, Vanaheimr is said to be the location where the Van god Njörðr was raised. In Norse cosmology, Vanaheimr is considered one of the Nine Worlds.

## References
Bradford Bishop

**William Bradford Bishop Jr.** (born August 1, 1936) is a former United States Foreign Service officer. He has been a fugitive from justice since allegedly killing five members of his family in 1976. On April 10, 2014, the FBI placed him on the list of its Ten Most Wanted Fugitives.

His last posting, which began in 1974, was at State Department Headquarters in Washington, D.C. as an Assistant Chief in the Division of Special Activities and Commercial Treaties.

Bishop was born in Pasadena, California. He studied at UCLA and at Yale University.

In 1976, after getting upset for not getting a work promotion, Bishop bought a sledgehammer and a shovel and murdered his wife and three children as they slept at their home in Bethesda, Maryland. With the bodies loaded into the station wagon, Bishop allegedly drove , about a six-hour drive, to a densely wooded swamp off North Carolina Highway 94, about  south of Columbia, North Carolina. He would later burn the bodies and bury them in near the swamp.

Bishop has been spotted several placed in Europe by former State Department employees in Italy, Stockholm and in Switzerland.

In 2011, it was believed that Bishop died in Hong Kong and later in France, these proved to be false. In 2014, the FBI exhumed the body of an Alabama man who was killed in a road accident in 1981, believing he was Bishop. After DNA of the man was tested it was revealed the dead man was not Bishop and that he remains alive.

## References
Exhumation

**Exhumation** is the act of digging up, especially a corpse. This is most often done to relocate a body to a different burial spot. 

Families may make this decision to locate the deceased in a more pertinent or convenient place. In shared family burial sites (e.g. a married couple), if the previously deceased person has been buried for an insufficient period of time the second body may be buried elsewhere until it is safe to move it to the requested grave. 

In most jurisdictions a legal exhumation usually requires a court order or permission by the next of kin of the deceased. Also in many countries permits are required by some governing agency like the board of health in order to legally conduct a disinterment.

## References
Arrondissement of Albertville

The **arrondissement of Albertville** is an arrondissement of France.  It is part of the Savoie *département*, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. Its capital, and a subprefecture of the department, is the city of Albertville.

## History
When the Savoie department was created in 1860, the *arrondissement* of Albertville was part of that original department.

## Geography
The *arrondissement* of Albertville is bordered to the north by the Haute-Savoie department, to the east by Italy, to the south by the *arrondissement* of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne and to the west by the *arrondissement* of Chambéry.

It is in the north of the department and is the largest *arrondissement* with an area of , and the second in population, with 111,839 inhabitants and a density of  inhabitants/km².

## Composition
### Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the *arrondissements* so they could have *communes* that belong to different *arrondissements*.

In the *arrondissement* of Albertville, there are 5 cantons:

# Albertville-1 (7303)
# Albertville-2 (7304)
# Bourg-Saint-Maurice (7305)
# Moûtiers (7313)
# Ugine (7319)

### Communes
The *arrondissement* of Albertville has 74 *communes*; they are (with their INSEE codes):

# Aigueblanche (73003)
# Aime-la-Plagne (73006)
# Albertville (73011)
# Allondaz (73014)
# Les Allues (73015)
# Les Avanchers-Valmorel (73024)
# La Bâthie (73032)
# Beaufort (73034)
# Les Belleville (73257)
# Le Bois (73045)
# Bonneval (73046)
# Bonvillard (73048)
# Bourg-Saint-Maurice (73054)
# Bozel (73055)
# Brides-les-Bains (73057)
# Césarches (73061)
# Cevins (73063)
# Champagny-en-Vanoise (73071)
# Les Chapelles (73077)
# Cléry (73086)
# Cohennoz (73088)
# Courchevel (73227)
# Crest-Voland (73094)
# Esserts-Blay (73110)
# Feissons-sur-Isère (73112)
# Feissons-sur-Salins (73113)
# Flumet (73114)
# Frontenex (73121)
# La Giettaz (73123)
# Gilly-sur-Isère (73124)
# Grésy-sur-Isère (73129)
# Grignon (73130)
# Hautecour (73131)
# Hauteluce (73132)
# Landry (73142)
# La Léchère (73187)
# Marthod (73153)
# Mercury (73154)
# Montagny (73161)
# Montailleur (73162)
# Monthion (73170)
# Montvalezan (73176)
# Moûtiers (73181)
# Notre-Dame-de-Bellecombe (73186)
# Notre-Dame-des-Millières (73188)
# Notre-Dame-du-Pré (73190)
# Pallud (73196)
# Peisey-Nancroix (73197)
# La Plagne-Tarentaise (73150)
# Planay (73201)
# Plancherine (73202)
# Pralognan-la-Vanoise (73206)
# Queige (73211)
# Rognaix (73216)
# Sainte-Foy-Tarentaise (73232)
# Sainte-Hélène-sur-Isère (73241)
# Saint-Jean-de-Belleville (73244)
# Saint-Marcel (73253)
# Saint-Nicolas-la-Chapelle (73262)
# Saint-Oyen (73266)
# Saint-Paul-sur-Isère (73268)
# Saint-Vital (73283)
# Salins-Fontaine (73284)
# Séez (73285)
# Thénésol (73292)
# Tignes (73296)
# Tournon (73297)
# Tours-en-Savoie (73298)
# Ugine (73303)
# Val-d'Isère (73304)
# Venthon (73308)
# Verrens-Arvey (73312)
# Villard-sur-Doron (73317)
# Villaroger (73323)

The *communes* with more inhabitants in the *arrondissement* are:

## Related pages
* Arrondissements of the Savoie department
* List of arrondissements of France

## References