open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Boris Pasternak

**Boris Leonidovich Pasternak**  (30 May 1960) was a Russian poet, novelist, and literary translator.  His parents were Jewish Ukrainians.  In his native Russia, Pasternak's anthology *My Sister, Life*, is one of the most influential collections ever published in the Russian language.  Furthermore, Pasternak's translations of plays by Goethe, Schiller and Shakespeare are deeply popular with Russian audiences.

Outside Russia, Pasternak is best known as the author of *Doctor Zhivago*, a novel which takes place between the Russian Revolution of 1905 and the Second World War.  Due to its independent minded stance on the socialist state, *Doctor Zhivago* was refused publication in the USSR.  The typescript of *Doctor Zhivago* was smuggled out of the country to Milan and published in 1957. 

Pasternak was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature the following year, an event which humiliated and enraged the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. In the midst of a massive campaign against him by the CPSU and the Union of Soviet Writers, Pasternak reluctantly agreed to decline the prize. In his letter to the Nobel Committee, Pasternak stated the reaction of the Soviet State was the only reason for his decision. He is still listed as the winner for that year.

By the time of his death from lung cancer in 1960, the campaign against Pasternak had damaged the international credibility of the U.S.S.R. He is still a major figure in Russian literature. Furthermore, the samizdat methods were later continued, expanded, and refined by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and other Soviet dissidents.

## Books by Pasternak
### Poetry collections
**Twin in the Clouds* (1914)
**Over the Barriers* (1916)
**Themes and Variations* (1917)
**My Sister, Life* (1922)
**On Early Trains* (1944)
**Selected Poems* (1946)
**Poems* (1954)
**When the Weather Clears* (1959)
**In The Interlude: Poems 1945–1960* (1962)

### Books of prose
**Safe Conduct* (1931)
**Second Birth* (1932)
**The Last Summer* (1934)
**Childhood* (1941)
**Selected Writings* (1949)
**Collected Works* (1945)
*''Goethe's Faust* (1952)
**Essay in Autobiography* (1956)
**Doctor Zhivago* (1957)
## Further reading 
*Boris Pasternak 1957. *Doctor Zhivago*. Pantheon Books
*Boris Pasternak 1959. *I Remember: sketches for an autobiography*. Pantheon Books.
*Boris Pasternak 1967. *Sister, my life: Summer 1917*. transl. C. Flayderman. Washington Square Press.
*Boris Pasternak 1976. *My sister, life and other poems*. Harcourt, Brace & Jovanovich. ISBN  0-15-163964-7
*Olga Ivinskaya 1978. *A captive of time; my years with Pasternak''. Doubleday.

## Related pages
*List of Russian language poets
*List of Russian novelists

## References
Todor Kolev (actor)

**Todor Kolev** (; August 26, 1939 &ndash; February 15, 2013) was a Bulgarian actor, singer, comedian, and television presenter. He appeared in more than 30 movies and more than 50 television shows.

Kolev was born on August 26, 1939 in Shumen, Bulgaria. On February 15, 2013, he died in Sofia from lung cancer, aged 73.

## References
## Other websites
*
Ingrid Michaelson

**Ingrid Ellen Michaelson** (born December 8, 1979, New York City) is an American musician. She has had five studio albums since 2005. She has not been signed to any major record labels. Her music has been used in several television programs, including *The Vampire Diaries* and *Scrubs*. Michaelson performed with singer Sara Bareilles on the hit single "Winter Song".
Marivan

**Marivan Hashiye** (, )  is a city in the Kurdistan Province of Iran, in Iranian Kurdistan. Its population was 111,031 (in 2005). The city is located near the border of Iran and Iraq.

"Lake Zarivar" is located to the west of Marivan. It has a length of 5 kilometres and a width of 1.6 kilometres. The water of the lake is fresh and has a depth of 6 metres.
Marivans people are mostly Kurds and followers of Sunni Islam.

Mariwan is famous for its two boulevards, Falakay Penjwen and Falakay Halabja.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Government of Marivan
Vicente Fernández

**Vicente Fernández Gómez** (February 17, 1940 – December 12, 2021) was a Latin American singer and actor. He is known as **Chente** or **El Rey De La Canción Ranchera** (The King of Ranchera Music). He had sold over 50 million copies worldwide. Fernandez had won eight Latin Grammy Awards and three Grammy Awards. His career spanned for over 60 years until his retirement in 2016.

Fernández was born on February 17, 1940 in Jalisco, Mexico. He had three children including Latin American singer Alejandro Fernández.

Fernández was hospitalized after falling at his home in Guadalajara on August 6, 2021. He died on December 12, 2021 from problems caused by that fall at 6:15 am in a hospital in his home town Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico at the age of 81.

## References
## Other websites
* Sony Music
* 
* 
*
Phenol

**Phenol** is the organic compound with formula C6H5OH. It is a white solid. It has an OH group (hydroxyl group) bonded to a benzene ring. It is an alcohol. Because the aromatic group attracts electrons, it is quite acidic. 

Phenol is produced from petroleum. It is an important molecule because it can be used to make many other products. It is also used in detergents and herbicides.

## Properties 
### Acidity 
 of the phenolate anion. These structures stabilise the anion, making phenol more acidic.]]
Phenol has a pKa of about 10. For normal alcohols this number is usually around 15, making phenol about 100,000 times more acidic. However, phenol is less acidic than compounds like carboxylic acids.

The reason for this high acidity is the resonance stabilization of the molecule when it becomes an anion.

### Reactions 
Phenol can do electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions very well. This is because the lone pair on the oxygen atom can give electrons through the benzene ring to an electrophile. Because the lone pair is so high in energy however, sometimes phenol reacts too many times.

## History 
Phenol was first discovered in 1834. It was found as a product of burning coal. One of its first uses was to kill germs in surgery. It is still used today in some analgesics. During the Second World War, phenol was also used by the Nazis. They used it in concentration camps to quickly kill small groups of people.

## References
Guerrero, Coahuila

**Guerrero** is a city and seat of the municipality of Guerrero, in Coahuila, Mexico. The population was 959 in the 2010 census. 

## References
Frontera Municipality

**Frontera** is one of the 38 municipalities of Coahuila, in north-eastern Mexico. The municipal seat is Ciudad Frontera. The municipality covers an area of 506.8&nbsp;km².

In 2005, the municipality had a total population of 70,160.

## References
Escobedo, Coahuila

**Escobedo** is the municipal seat for the Escobedo Municipality in city in Coahuila, Mexico. The name "Escobedo" honours 19th-century liberal statesman Mariano Escobedo.

## References
Usa, Ōita

is a Japanese city in Ōita Prefecture on the island of Kyushu.

## History
Usa grew up around Usa Shrine which was established in the 8th century.

## References 
## Other websites
*Usa City website
Bob Godfrey

**Roland Frederick "Bob" Godfrey** (May 27, 1921 &ndash; February 21, 2013) was an English Academy Award-winning animator. He won the Academy Award and the BAFTA Award for his animated short movie *Great* in 1975.

Godfrey was born on May 27, 1921 in West Maitland, New South Wales, Australia to British parents. He was raised in Ilford, Essex. Godfrey studied at Leyton Art School. He was never married. Godfrey died on February 21, 2013 in England from natural causes, aged 91.

## References
## Other websites
* Bob Godfrey at Internet Movie Database
* *Bob Godfrey Films* Website of The Bob Godfrey Collection 
* *Animation Research Centre* archive of Bob Godfrey's films and artwork 
* Remembering Bob Godfrey at FLIP Animation Magazine Retrieved February 2013
Robin Sachs

**Robin David Sachs** (5 February 1951 &ndash; 1 February 2013) was an English actor. He was known for his roles in *Babylon 5: In the Beginning*, *Buffy the Vampire Slayer*, *The Lost World: Jurassic Park*, *Galaxy Quest*, and in *Resident Evil: Damnation*.

Sachs was born on 5 February 1951 in London, England. He was married to Siân Phillips from 1979 until they divorced in 1991. Phillips was Peter O'Toole's ex-wife. Then he was married to Casey Defranco from 1995 until they divorced in 2006. Sachs died on 1 February 2013 in his home in Los Angeles, California from a heart attack, aged 61.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Hamada, Shimane

is a Japanese city in Shimane Prefecture on the island of Honshu.

## History
Hamada was a castle town in the Edo period.

## References
## Other websites 
* Hamada City website
Izumo, Shimane

is a city in Shimane Prefecture, Japan.

## History
Izumo grew up around the Izumo Taisha (Shinto shrine).

## References
## Other websites 
* Izumo city website
Javed Omar

**Mohammad Javed Omar Belim** (born November 25, 1976) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He has played Tests and ODI cricket since 2005.
International Cricket Council

The **International Cricket Council (ICC)** is the world governing body of cricket. It was founded as the Imperial Cricket Conference in 1909. It was renamed in 1965 as the International Cricket Conference, and in 1989 as the International Cricket Council.

## Membership levels
Following its Annual General Meeting (AGM) in July 2025, the ICC has 110 member countries, with the possibility of 113 by the end of 2025. There are twelve Full Members, whose men's teams are automatically eligible to play both Test and One Day International (ODI) cricket. The other 98 are Associate Members. Until June 2017, there was a third tier called Affiliate Members, which was then abolished so that all Affiliate Members became Associate Members. All Full and Associate Members play Twenty20 International (T20I) cricket.

### Full membership
ICC Full Members following the July 2025 AGM are:

'''Men's teams** (Test/ODI)
* Afghanistan
* Australia
* Bangladesh
* England
* India
* Ireland
* New Zealand
* Pakistan
* South Africa
* Sri Lanka
* West Indies
* Zimbabwe

**Women's teams** (ODI)
* Australia Women
* Bangladesh Women
* England Women
* India Women
* Ireland Women
* New Zealand Women
* Pakistan Women
* South Africa Women
* Sri Lanka Women
* West Indies Women
* Zimbabwe Women

### ODI status
Associate Members cannot play Test cricket, but those with ODI status can play in that form against the Full Members. ODI status (men and women) applies automatically to Full Members, and to the following Associate Member teams:

**Men's teams**
* Canada
* Namibia
* Nepal
* Oman
* Netherlands
* Scotland
* United Arab Emirates
* United States

**Women's teams'''
* Netherlands Women
* Papua New Guinea Women
* Scotland Women
* Thailand Women
* United Arab Emirates Women

## References
Assata Shakur

**Assata Olugbala Shakur** (born **JoAnne Deborah Byron**; July 16, 1947 &ndash; September 25, 2025) was an African-American activist. She was a member of the Black Panther Party and the Black Liberation Army. She was put into prison, but in 1984 she managed to escape. She lived in Havana, Cuba, as a . She was the first woman to be put on the FBI's Most Wanted Terrorists list. Shakur was the step-aunt of Tupac Shakur, a rapper who was assassinated in 1996.

## Early life
Shakur was born in Jamaica, Queens, New York City. She lived there for three years. She then moved to North Carolina with her grandparents. Shakur was arrested for the first time in 1967 for trespassing during a protest.

## Activism
In 1971, Shakur joined the Republic of New Afrika and the Black Liberation Army. She chose the name Assata Olugbala Shakur because she felt that her English name was a "slave name." She wrote in her book, "It sounded so strange when people called me Joanne. It really had nothing to do with me. I didn’t feel like no Joanne, or no negro, or no amerikan. I felt like an African woman".

Assata is a West African name from the Arabic name Aisha, which means "she who struggles." Olugbala is from Yoruba and means "savior." Shakur means "thankful one" in Arabic.

## Arrests and trials
On April 6, 1971, Shakur was shot in the stomach. She was charged with attempted robbery, felonious assault, reckless endangerment, and possession of a deadly weapon, then released on bail. Between 1973 and 1977 Shakur was charged with two bank robberies, the kidnapping of a Brooklyn heroin dealer, and attempted murder of two Queens police officers. She was put in prison in 1973. On November 2, 1979 she escaped the Clinton Correctional Facility for Women in New Jersey.

File:JoAnne Deborah Byron aka Assata Shakur.jpg|1st wanted poster Assata Shakur 
File:2nd wanted poster for Assata Shakur.jpg|2nd wanted poster for Assata Shakur
File:Joanne Chesimard aka Assata Shakur 3rd wanted poster.jpg|Joanne Chesimard aka Assata Shakur 3rd wanted poster 2 may 2013 40th annivesary of murder of NJSP Officer Werner Foerster]]

## Political asylum in Cuba
In 1984, the Cuban government granted political asylum to Shakur. Her daughter Kakuya came to live with her in 1985.

Shakur wrote in a letter that Cuba was "one of the largest, most resistant and most courageous *Palenques* (Maroon Camps) that has ever existed on the face of this planet".

## Death
Shakur died in Havana, Cuba on September 25, 2025, following health problems, at the age of 78.

## Related pages 
* FBI
* Tupac Shakur
* List of feminists

## Notes
## References
Imèr

**Imèr** () is a city in Italy. It is in the Primiero valley in Province of Trento.

Imèr borders these municipalities: Siror, Canal San Bovo, Mezzano and Sovramonte.

## References
## Other websites 
* Official homepage of Imèr
Jeri Ryan

**Jeri Ryan** (born on February 22, 1968) is an American actress. She works mostly on television programs. She acted in *Star Trek: Voyager* and *Boston Public*. She played Doctor Kate Murphy in the show *Body of Proof*. She was born near Munich, Germany. She was raised in Paducah, Kentucky.

## Other websites 
* 
* 
* BBC Online interview
* Jeri Ryan Biography , *Startrek.com*
Bijar

**Bijar** (, ) is a city in Kurdistan province in Iran. People of Bijar speak in Sorani and Garusi dialect of Kurdi. Most people in Bijar are followers of Islam.

## References
Revenge (TV series)

, the main protagonist of *Revenge*.]]
, the main antagonist of *Revenge*.]]
***Revenge*** is an American television soap opera. It was first shown on 21 September 2011, on ABC.

It stars Emily VanCamp as the main protagonist and Madeleine Stowe as the main antagonist.

The series is about a woman who comes back to her childhood home to get revenge on her father's friends who betrayed him by accusing him of a terrorist plot that he did not commit.

The plot is inspired by Alexandre Dumas' 1844 novel *The Count of Monte Cristo*.

## References
## Other websites
*
Fushimi, Kyoto

is one of the eleven wards in the Japanese city of Kyoto in Kyoto Prefecture on the island of Honshu.

In Fushimi ward, Fushimi Inari-taisha, tombs of Emperor Kanmu and of Emperor Meiji are situated.
## References
## Other websites
* Fushimi City website
Gobō, Wakayama

is a Japanese city in Wakayama Prefecture on the island of Honshu.

## References
## Other websites 
* Gobo City website
Padmashali

**Padmashali** () or Padma Bramhana is a Hindu caste of Bramhin origin who are predominantly found in South Indian states. Padmashali Bhargava Brahmins are Rigvedic Brahmins. The community members are descendants of Markandeya Rishi. They engage as Brahmin priests for performing all rites and rituals and also perform priestly temple services for other castes.

## Origin
The term *Padmashali* is derived from two words: *padma* and *shali.* Padma means lotus and Shali means weaver. They support their Sanskrit origin with various myths and *Puranas* such as *Kulapurana* and *Markandeya Purana*.

The Padmashalis claim to be descendants from *Bhrigu Rishi* and *Markandeya Rishi*, Markandeya's son, *Bhavana Rishi*.

## Padmashalis Today
The Padmashalis divided into two groups based on *Sampradaya*, being the Shaivas and the Vaishnavas and they worship both Shiva and Vishnu. The community is highly Sanskritised, with all men wearing the sacred thread and performing brahminical rituals.Currently, some of them are temple priests, while others work in weaving as another occupation.Similar to North Indian Brahmin castes, their origin relates to sages via gothras. 

The Padmashalis perform Brahmin rites and even today a group who are qualified as *agama shastra* *pandits* perform the *poojas* and vedic rites. These are identified as *Padma Brahmins*.

## References
## Other websites
* Padmashali Network, Global 
* Padmashali International Welfare Association, Vijayawada
* POPA - Padmashali Officials and Professionals Association 
* World Padmashali Foundation
* Padmashali Samaj Seva Sangh - an informational portal for Padmashalis 
* Karnataka Padmashali Sangha 
* Weavers Welfare Trust 
* Nirmal Padmashali Sanstha 
* Akhil Padmashali Samaj 
* Padmashali Graduates and Students Association 
*Telangana Padmashali Udyogula Sangam
*North American Padmashali Association
*Padmashali
Imrul Kayes

**Imrul Kayes** (; born 2 February 1987) is a Bangladeshi international cricketer. He plays for Khulna Division. He is a left-hand batsman. He is also an occasional wicket-keeper. He made his first-class debut in 2006.
Aminul Islam Bulbul

**Mohammad Aminul Islam** () (born February 2, 1968 in Dacca) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He played 13 tests for Bangladesh, as well as 39 ODIs, scoring the first hundred for Bangladesh. On 30 May 2025, he was appointed as the president of the Bangladesh Cricket Board.

Along with other senior players like Minhajul Abedin Nannu and Akram Khan, Islam took Bangladesh towards Test status.

He scored a scintillating 145 against India in their inaugural test, showing all the world of his class, and made the 2nd Bangladeshi test 50 after Habibul Bashar had reached his own. However, Bulbul, as he was affectionately called, lost his form afterwards and only managed to cross 50 twice more in Test mattches.

Now he works for ICC, aiming to develop cricket in countries where it isn't a big sport, like China for instance, and aims to spread cricket throughout the world.
Khrushchev's Secret Speech

'''Krushchev's Secret Speech''' was the speech in which Nikita Krushchev denounced Joseph Stalin after the latter's death. The speech was a spoken report to the Twentieth Party Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union on 25 February 1956. Its title was **On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences**.

The report was known as the "Secret Speech" because it was delivered at a closed session of Communist Party delegates, with guests and members of the press excluded. Although the text of the Khrushchev report leaked almost immediately, the official Russian text was published only in 1989 during the glasnost campaign of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev.

The speech was based on an investigation of the repressions of the delegates of the 1934 XVII Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. They were victims of the Stalinist purges of the 1930s. Estimates of Stalin's role in history were quite changed by the speech. Many in the West who had been Communist Party member, or at least sympathetic fellow-travellers, resigned their memberships and no longer defended the reputation of Stalin. Russian writers like Solzhenitsyn found they were treated with more sympathy. The speech was a significant turning-point in history.

The speech caused such shock to the audience that, according to some reports, some of those present suffered heart attacks, and others later committed suicide. Many Soviet citizens were confused by De-Stalinization. They had been fed on praise of the "genius" of Stalin. This was especially obvious in the Georgian SSR, Stalin's homeland, where rioting ended with the Soviet Red Army crackdown on 9 March 1956.

## References
Rachel Dratch

**Rachel Dratch** (born February 22 1966 in Lexington, Massachusetts) is an American comedy actress. She works mostly in television programs. She was on *Saturday Night Live* from 1999 to 2006. She was also in the sitcoms *30 Rock* and *Frasier*.
Shahadat Hossain

**Kazi Shahadat Hossain** () (born August 7, 1986) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He played his first Test match for Bangladesh in 2005.
Shohag Gazi

**Sohag Gazi** (born August 5, 1991, Barisal) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He made his Test debut in first test against West Indies in 2012. taking six wickets in the second innings.

## Reference
Aminul Islam

**Aminul Islam** may refer to:

*Aminul Islam Bulbul cricketer
*Aminul Islam (poet)
*Aminul Islam (trade unionist)
India men's cricket team

The **India** men's cricket team has been active since 1892. It is governed by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI), which is a Full Member of the International Cricket Council (ICC). India play all forms of international cricket: Test, One Day International (ODI), and Twenty20 International (T20I).
 in Mumbai.]]

## References
Naeem Islam

**Mohammad Naeem Islam** is an international cricketer from Bangladesh. He was born on 31 December 1986 in Gaibandha. He is a right-handed batsman. He is also an occasional off break bowler.
One Day International

A **One Day International** (ODI), also known as a **Limited Overs International**, is a type of cricket match that is officially recognised by the International Cricket Council (ICC). Each team has a single innings which is limited to 50 overs. The first-ever ODI was played in 1971. The format is used in both the ICC Men's Cricket World Cup and the ICC Women's Cricket World Cup, both of which are held every four years. The ICC has granted ODI status to twenty men's teams and sixteen women's teams.

## References
Mahmudullah

**Mohammad Mahmudullah** (born February 4, 1986 in Mymensingh, Dhaka) is a Bangladeshi cricketer who plays as an all-rounder. He is a right-handed batter and a right arm off break bowler. In domestic first-class cricket, Mahmudullah has played for Dhaka Division from 2004/05 to 2012/13, and for Dhaka Metropolis from 2013/14 until 2019/20. Since 2020, he has specialised in limited overs cricket. He has played for numerous Twenty20 franchise teams.

Mahmudullah has played in international cricket for Bangladesh since 2007. He made his debut in a One Day International (ODI) against Sri Lanka at the R. Premadasa Stadium in Colombo on 25 July of that year. He has also played for Bangladesh in Test cricket and Twenty20 Internationals.

## References
## Other websites
*
Samizdat

**Samizdat** was the underground literature of the Soviet Union. Since many authors were banned, and could not publish their works, people used typescripts to circulate their work. Penalties for being caught with copies of banned works was severe. Owning a printing press required permission, and all forms of printing required a licence. However, typewriters were common and, with the aid of carbon paper, many copies of the best works were produced and circulated.

Once samizdats were in circulation, they sometimes got into the West. Several important works were published from samizdat and translated, before they were published in the Soviet Union.

## Notable books first published via samizdat 
*Pasternak's *Doctor Zhivago*
*Bulgakov's *The Master and Margarita* (partly)
*Solzhenitsyn's *Gulag Archipelago*
Hitoyoshi, Kumamoto

is a Japanese city in Kumamoto Prefecture on the island of Honshu. 
  
## References
## Other websites 
* Hitoyoshi City website
Mindy Kaling

**Vera Mindy Chokalingam**, known professionally as **Mindy Kaling** (born June 24, 1979 in Cambridge, Massachusetts) is an American actress and comedian. She is also a writer and acts mostly on television programs.

## Early life 
Kaling was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts to Indian Hindu parents. Her mother was a doctor while her father was an architect. In the play "+Matt & Ben" she played Ben Affleck. It was featured on Time Magazine"s 2003 "Top Ten Theatrical Events of the Year". She is a feminist. In 2005 Kaling acted in a film for the first time. She played a character called Amy in *The 40 Year Old Virgin*.

Kaling has written, acted, and produced numerous titles. She was a writer and actress in Late Night (2019). She is an executive producer of Four Weddings and a Funeral (2019), Champions (2018), Netflix feature Running Point (2025). 

In 2014 Kaling was on one of the four February covers of ELLE Magazine. It started a controversy because she was the only one of the four that was not a full-body shot. The question became "Mindy's not skinny enough to show her whole body, standing up from head to toe?" Kaling said she liked the cover and it made her feel glamorous.

She appeared as Mrs. Who in the 2018 Disney movie *A Wrinkle in Time*. She also played Velma Dinkley in Velma

## References 
## Other websites 
* Kaling responds to reader's questions on Jezebel 
*
Aminul Islam (poet)

**Aminul Islam ** (born 29 December 1963) is a poet and essayist. He is from Bangladesh. Aminul has written seventeen books. He written thirteen poetry books. He has been involved in creative writing for 20 years.

## Books 
* Tantra Theke Durey (poems)
* Mahananda Ek Sonali Nodir naam (poems)
* Kuashar Barnamala (poems)
* Bishwayan, Bangla Kabita O Onnyannyo Probandha (collection of essays)
* Dadur Bari (rhymes)

## References
Aminul Islam (trade unionist)

**Aminul Islam** (1973 &ndash; April 2012) was a Bangladeshi trade unionist (someone who organises trade unions). He was murdered in 2012.

## Work
Islam was a former garment worker and was president of the Ashulia and Savar Bangladesh Garment & Industrial Workers Federation.
Also he was the leader of Bangladesh Center of Worker Solidarity. It has advocated for improved working conditions and higher wages.  In 2010, the organization led protested to push for a larger increase in the minimum wage for garment workers. Islam and other protester were arrested for that.

Islam had recently been working to organize workers in factories, which belonged to the Shanta Group. The company produces clothing for multiple American companies, like Tommy Hilfiger, Nike, and Ralph Lauren.  He had also assisted ABC News, for an interview with the survivors of a recent factory fire in Bangladesh.

## References
Enamul Haque Jr

:*Another Enamul Haque also played for Bangladesh*

**Enamul Haque** (born 5 December 1986 in Sylhet), is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He is known as **Enamul Haque jr** because a Bangladeshi player Enamul Haque played before him. He is a right-handed batsman. He bowls a slow left-arm delivery. 

## References
John Everett Millais

**Sir John Everett Millais, 1st Baronet**, PRA  8 June 1829 – 13 August 1896) was an English painter. He was one of the founders of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, and painted several of their most famous works. 

By the time has was 30 he had changed to become a portrait painter of famous people. He was equally good at that, and became one of the best of the later 19th century. 

His marriage to Effie (Euphemia Chalmers Gray) had a history. She had married John Ruskin, but Ruskin did not consummate the marriage.

When she met Millais some five years after her marriage, she was still a virgin. She left her husband, and their marriage was annulled in 1854. In 1855 she married Millais and they had eight children. The triangle has been used in drama and literature many times.

File:Effie Gray.jpg|Millais' portrait of Effie
File:Acgladstone2.jpg|Gladstone by Millais
File:John Everett Millais - Ophelia - Google Art Project.jpg|*Ophelia*: one of the most famous Pre-Raphaelite paintings
File:The Princes in the Tower by John Everett Millais (1878).png|The Princes in the Tower

## References 
## Other websites
* The Millais Site  includes many pictures and a complete list of his works
Hashimoto's thyroiditis

'''Hashimato's thyroiditis** or **chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis''' is an autoimmune disease. The cause of Hashimato's thyroiditis is that body starts to produce antibodies against the normal thyroid tissue. This disease was the first disease to be described as autoimmune. for the first time it described by the Japanese specialist "Hakaru Hashimato" in Germany in 1912.

## References
Tsing Ma Bridge

The **Tsing Ma Bridge** is a bridge in Hong Kong. It is the world's ninth-longest span suspension bridge, and was the second longest at time of completion.  The bridge was named after two of the islands at its ends, namely **Tsing** Yi and **Ma** Wan. It has two decks and carries both road and rail traffic, which also makes it the largest suspension bridge of this type. The bridge has a main span of  and a height of . The span is the largest of all bridges in the world carrying rail traffic. 

## References
ICS Bégué

**ICS Bégué** is a French private business school in Paris. It was created in 1957 and is part of IONIS Education Group.

It is recognized by the French State.

## References
## Other websites 
* ICS Bégué
Six Flags Magic Mountain

**Six Flags Magic Mountain** is a theme park in Valencia, California, United States. It opened on May 29, 1971. From 1971 to 1979, the theme park was named **Magic Mountain** and independently owned. In 1979, the park was purchased by Six Flags, and it was renamed to Six Flags Magic Mountain in 1980. It is located beside a water park called Six Flags Hurricane Harbor. It has 19 roller coasters (the most in the world) and 60 other kinds of rides, giving a total of 69 rides in the park. Some of its rides include Revolution, Tatsu, X2, Apocalypse, Full Throttle, Scream!, Superman: Escape from Krypton, Gold Rusher, and Twisted Colossus. There are nine themed areas, including DC Universe (an area inspired by DC Comics) and The Movie District (a movie-inspired area). Starting with Wet 'n Wild Orlando, they had replaced

## Rides
The current rides at Six Flags Magic Mountain are provided below:

### Current roller coasters
There are currently 19 roller coasters at Six Flags Magic Mountain, the largest number of roller coasters in a park in the world.

### Other current rides
## Former rides & attractions
## References
## Other websites
*
*Official website 
*
*SFMM: Park Review
*Six Flags Magic Mountain Photos 
*
Steric effects

**Steric effects** are the effects seen in molecules that come from the fact that atoms occupy space. When atoms are put close to each other, this costs energy. The electrons near the atoms want to stay away from each other. This can change the way molecules want to react. It can also change the shape (or conformation) of the molecule.  The amount of space that a group of atoms takes is called the **steric bulk**.

An example of steric effects is steric hindrance. This is when a large group in a molecule makes reactions not work. For example, an SN2 reaction does not happen on carbon atoms that have three substituents. Steric hindrance however can also be a positive thing. Sometimes, chemists would like a reaction to happen in one place rather than another one. A bulky group can block a position. It can also change the shape such that only one diastereomer from a reaction is made.

Steric effects are usually smaller than electronic effects. These affect the molecule's shape and reactivity as well, but they come from the way electrons are placed in bonds.
Barking

**Barking** is a riverside town in East London, England, within the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham. It is 9.3 miles (15 km) east of Charing Cross. 

In addition to an extensive and fairly low-density residential area, the town centre forms a large retail and commercial district, currently a focus for regeneration.

The former industrial lands to the south have also been redeveloped as Barking Riverside.
Sly and the Family Stone

**Sly and the Family Stone** was an American rock, funk and soul band. The band was formed in 1967 and broke up in 1983. the band played an important park in the development of soul, funk, and psychedelic music. The group was led by Sly Stone. It also included several of his siblings. They are known for their songs "Everyday People" and "Dance to the Music".

In 1993, the band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Motherland Party (Azerbaijan)

The **Motherland Party** () is a nationalist and conservative political party in Azerbaijan. It was founded in 1990. Its members are mainly Azerbaijanis who come from Armenia. The party's leader Fazail Agamali is a former deputy minister for social protection. The party's  is to create a *free, powerful, democratic and entire Azerbaijan*.

At the 2010 parliamentary elections, it won 2 out of 125 seats.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Kotohira, Kagawa

is a Japanese town in Kagawa Prefecture on the island of Shikoku. 
 
## History
Kotohira grew up around the Kotohira Shrine.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Kotohira City website  ; [http://www.town.kotohira.kagawa.jp/ ]
Ken Loach

**Ken Loach** (born 17 June 1936) is a British movie director, producer and writer. He was born in Nuneaton, Warwickshire. He has made many movies about working class life. His films include *Cathy Come Home*, *Poor Cow*, *The Wind that Shakes the Barley*, and *Kes*. He was educated at St Peter's College, Oxford.

## Other websites 
*
Multivitamin

s, such as vitamins and dietary minerals.]]
A **multivitamin** is any of a group of vitamins used often with minerals needed by the human body to function properly. Multivitamins are available as tablets, capsules, pastilles, powders, liquids, and injections. Multivitamins are recognized by the Codex Alimentarius Commission (the United Nations' authority on food standards) as a category of food.

Multivitamins are often provided with minerals. A multivitamin or mineral set is approved in the United States as an addition to a diet containing 3 or more vitamins and minerals that does not include herbs, hormones, or drugs.  The terms multivitamin and multimineral are often used interchangeably. There is no scientific definition for either.

## References
## Other websites
* Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Multivitamin/mineral Supplements, from the U.S. National Institutes of Health
* Multivitamin/Mineral Supplements , from the U.S. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
* Multivitamins and cancer , from the American Cancer Society
* Comparison of multivitamin potency, bioavailability and safety - Comparison of 100+ Multivitamins
* List of the best multivitamin brands  - Ranks the top multivitamins for men according to price, quality, and reviews
* Safe upper levels for vitamins and minerals  - Report of the UK Food Standards Agency Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals.
La Rioja

**La Rioja** is an autonomous community and a province in Spain. It is in the north of the Iberian Peninsula. The capital of La Rioja is Logroño. Other cities and towns in the province are Calahorra, Arnedo, Alfaro, Haro, Santo Domingo de la Calzada, and Nájera.

La Rioja is famous for its wines.
Dehgolan

**Dehgolan** (, ) is a city in Kurdistan province of Iran. They are followers of Islam. The population of Dehgolan is mainly Kurdish .

## References
Ah Boys to Men

***Ah Boys to Men*** is a 2012–2013 Singaporean comedy movie. It was released in two parts. It was directed by Jack Neo. Jack Neo also was one of the writers, along with Link Sng. It is the highest  Singaporean film of all time.
Side Effects

***Side Effects*** is a 2013 American crime thriller movie. It stars Channing Tatum, Catherine Zeta-Jones and Jude Law. The movie is about a young woman under antidepressant drugs. The reviews for *Side Effects* were positive.
Sarvabad

**Sarvabad** (, ) is a city in Kurdistan province of Iran. Its people speaks in Kurdi. They are followers of Islam. At the 2006 census, its population was  46,760, in 11,186 families.

## References
Extremadura

**Extremadura** is an autonomous community of Spain. Its capital city is Mérida. The provinces Cáceres and Badajoz are a part of Extremadura. Extremadura is bordered by Portugal to the west. To the north, it borders Castile and León. To the south, it borders Andalusia. To the east, it borders Castile-La Mancha.
Hartola

**Hartola** is a municipality in Päijänne Tavastia, Finland. It is part of the historical area of Itä-Häme. As of 30 January 2014, over 3,100 people lived there. During summer, the number of people living there almost doubles. The nearest railway station is  away. There are several lakes in Hartola, including Jääsjärvi and Rautavesi.

The closest town to Hartola is Heinola. Other nearby municipalities are Joutsa, Luhanka, Pertunmaa and Sysmä. The closes cities are Jyväskylä (about 100km) and Lahti (about 100km). The closest airport is in Jyväskylä.

On the first Saturday of September there is a country market held in Hartola. This makes lot of people come to Hartola. It was first held 1937.

## Villages
*Hangastaipale
*Koitti
*Kuivajärvi
*Murakka
*Nokka
*Putkijärvi
*Siltasuo
*Vuorenkylä

## Population growth
## Other websites
*Webpage

## References
Marugame, Kagawa

is a Japanese city in Kagawa Prefecture on the island of Shikoku.

## History
The castle town grew up around Marugame Castle which was built in 1597.

Since 1947, the city has hosted to an annual road running competition: the Marugame Half Marathon.

## References
## Other websites 
* Marugame City website ; [http://www.city.marugame.lg.jp/ ]
Minobu, Yamanashi

is a Japanese town in Yamanashi Prefecture on the island of Honshu.

## History
The temple town grew up around Kuon-ji, which is one of the important  of Nichiren Buddhism.  Nichiren's grave is at Minobu.

The modern village was established in 1889l.  It became a town in 1931.

## Geography
The Fuji River (*Fujigawa*) runs through the town.

## References
## Other websites
* http://www.town.minobu.lg.jp/english/ ;[http://www.town.minobu.lg.jp/ ]
Yonezawa, Yamagata

is a Japanese city in Yamagata Prefecture on the island of Honshu.

## History
The castle town was held by the Uesugi clan starting in the Muromachi period.

The modern city was established in 1889.

## Related
## Other websites 
* Yonezawa City website
Divandarreh

**Divandarreh** (, ) is a city in the Kurdistan province of Iran. Its people speak Kurdish. They are followers of Islam. At the 2006 census, there were 22,842 people, in 5,305 families.

## References
Uozu, Toyama

is a city in Toyama Prefecture, Japan.

## History
Uozu developed as a castle town.

In 1582, the forces of Oda Nobunaga forced the Uesugi clan to give up control of Uozu Castle.
 
In 1918, riots started in Uozo because of increases in rice prices.

In 1956, a great fire ravished many buildings in Uozu.

## Geography
Several rivers run through Uozu—the Fuse River, the Katakai River, the Kado River, and the Hayatsuki River.

Gold was discovered in the mountains of near Uozu.

### Surrounding municipalities
* Toyama Prefecture
** Kamiichi
** Kurobe
** Namerikawa

## Demography
According to Japanese census data,

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Thomas Robinson, 1st Baronet Rokeby

, ca. 1750]]
**Sir Thomas Robinson, 1st Baronet** (1703–1777) was an English architect and collector.

Thomas left his brother William his title but not his estates. He left his brother Richard his books, including those on architecture and antiquities. On 2 March 1730, he became a Baronet of Rokeby. Rokeby is in the County of York.
Qorveh

**Qorveh** (, ) is a city in Kurdistan province of Iran. Its people speak Kurdish. Some people also speak Azerbaijani language. They are followers of Islam. At the 2006 census, Qorveh had 65,842 people, in 16,309 families.

## Other websites 
*Qorveh municipality 

## References
Tosashimizu, Kōchi

is a Japanese city in Kōchi Prefecture on the Pacific coastline of the island of Shikoku.

## History
The village of Nakanohama in what is now Tosashimizu was the birthplace of Nakahama Manjirō, who was the first known Japanese to live in the United States in the mid-19th century.

The modern city was established in 1954.

## Sister cities
* New Bedford, Massachusetts, US 
* Fairhaven, Massachusetts, US, since 1987

## References
## Other websites
* Tosashimizu City website 
*
Knockwurst

**Knockwurst** is a type of sausage. In North America, *knockwurst* refers to a short, plump sausage that comes from the Holstein region in Germany. They contain ground veal, ground pork, and fresh garlic stuffed into hog casings.  The sausages are aged for two to five days, then smoked over oak wood. Knackwurst is often prepared highly seasoned.

## References
Sorority Row

***Sorority Row*** is a 2009 American horror thriller movie. It is a remake of *The House on Sorority Row*. It was released on September 11, 2009. Rumer Willis plays Ellie, and Audrina Patridge plays Megan. The movie is about a serial killer targeting a group of college students. *Sorority Row* was filmed in Pennsylvania. The reviews were negative for this movie.
Valencia (disambiguation)

**Valencia** is a city in Spain. **Valencia** might also mean:

## Places
*Valencia (autonomous community), an autonomous community of Spain. The city is in this community.
*Valencia, Negros Oriental, a municipality in the Philippines
*Valencia, New Mexico, a census-designated place in the U.S. state of New Mexico
*Valencia County, New Mexico

## Other
*Valencia C.F., a Spanish football club
*Valencia orange

## Related pages
*Valencian
Ishigaki, Okinawa

is a Japanese city in Okinawa Prefecture. The city is the most southern city in Japan.  

## History
Ishigaki was established in 1908 as Yaeyama Village. In 1914 it was renamed to Ishigaki Village.  It grew to become a town in 1926 and a city in 1947. 

The Senkakus were included in the village of 1908, in the village of 1914, in the town in 1926, and in the city in 1947.

## Geography
The city includes Ishigaki Island and the Senkaku Islands. 
  
## References
## Other websites
* Ishigaki City website
Civic Solidarity Party

The.**Civic Solidarity Party** () is a nationalist and conservative political party in Azerbaijan. It was founded in 1992. The party's leader is Sabir Rustamkhanli, who is actually a poet. The party's ideology is based on the * political values of freedom, equality and solidarity*.

At the 2020 parliamentary elections, it won 3 out of 125 seats.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Michael Haneke

**Michael Haneke** (born March 23, 1942) is a Austrian movie director, movie producer, and screenwriter. He is recently known for directing the Academy Award-winning foreign movie *Amour*. He was nominated for Best Director and Best Screenwriter at the Golden Globe Awards and at the Academy Awards.

Haneke was born on March 23, 1942 in Munich, Germany. He was raised in Wiener Neustadt. He is remotely related to actor Christoph Waltz. He was raised in Wiener Neustadt. Haneke studied at the University of Vienna. He was married to Susanne Haneke since 1983.

## References
## Other websites
*
Jean-Louis Trintignant

**Jean-Louis Xavier Trintignant** (11 December 1930 – 17 June 2022) was a French actor, racecar driver, producer and director. He won an César Award for Best Actor as Georges in the 2012 French movie *Amour*.

In July 2018, he announced his retirement from cinema.

Trintignant was born on 11 December 1930 in Piolenc, Vaucluse, France. He was raised in Piolenc and in Paris. Trintignant was married to Stéphane Audran until they divorced. Then he was married to Nadine Marquand from 1960 until they divorced in 1976. He had three children; including Marie.

In November 2017, Trintignant announced that he was diagnosed with prostate cancer. He died on 17 June 2022 at his home in Collias, France from problems caused by the disease, aged 91.

## References
## Other websites
* Jean-Louis Trintignant biography on newwavefilm.com
*
**Jean-Louis Trintignant* at *New Wave Film*
Emmanuelle Riva

**Emmanuelle Riva** (born **Paulette Germaine Riva**; 24 February 1927 &ndash; 27 January 2017) was a French actress, writer, photographer, and poet. She was known for her BAFTA Award-winning role as Anne in *Amour*. She was nominated for an Academy Award and won an BAFTA Award for her role in *Amour*.

Riva was born on 24 February 1927 in Cheniménil, France. Her grandfather was Italian. Riva was raised and studied acting in Paris.

Riva died from cancer on 27 January 2017, in Paris at the age of 89.

## References
## Other websites
* Emmanuelle Riva at NewWaveFilm.com
*
Isabelle Huppert

**Isabelle Anne Madeleine Huppert** (born March 16, 1953) is a French actress. She is known for her roles in *Violette Nozière*, *La pianist*, and in *Amour*. 

Huppert was born on March 16, 1953 in Paris, France. She as raised in Ville-d'Avray. Huppert studied at National Conservatory of Dramatic Art of Paris. She was married to Ronald Chammah since 1982. They had three children.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* Isabelle Huppert  at filmsdefrance.com
Carmen Montejo

**Carmen Montejo** (**María Teresa Sánchez González**; May 26, 1925 &ndash; February 25, 2013) was an Cuban-Mexican actress. She was known for her many television shows. She was one of the last surviving actresses of the Golden Age of Cinema of Mexico.

Montejo was born on May 26, 1925 in Pinar del Río, Cuba. She was married to Manuel González Ortega until his death. Montejo died on February 25, 2013 in Mexico City, Mexico from an illness, aged 87.

## References
## Other websites
* Carmen Montejo at the telenovela database
* Carmen Montejo  at esmas.com
*
Weight loss

**Weight loss** is when a person weighs less than before. A person can lose weight by running, swimming or doing any other activity. Also, a person might eat a different diet to lose weight. There are many diet and exercises programs available to lose weight. Many people lose weight when they eat less sugar and more vegetables, fruits and lean meat.

People who are obese may get medical treatment to lose weight. In Britain there are long waiting lists for weight loss surgery. Weight loss drugs were developed in to 2020s. Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly showed that their drugs were safe and effective. They did have side effects. Goldman Sachs said the weight-loss drugs market could grow from $6 billion to $100 billion by 2030.

## Weight loss can happen for different reasons 
* Health related - losing weight because of sickness like flu and fever, or even more serious like cancer.
* Exercise related - when weight loss is caused by using more energy than the body takes in. The body may burn fat reserves.
* Diet related - by lowering the energy intake or some part of diet causing fat to be burned.

In many countries weight loss is caused by sociological pressure mostly on women to have a slim body.

## Unintentional weight loss 
### Problem signs 
Unintentional weight loss is when a person loses weight without trying. It can be a symptom of some types of cancer. Stress can cause unintentional weight loss. Stress can come from divorce, changing jobs or over the loss of a loved one. Over time, getting more sleep can help a person to lose weight. One reason is humans breathe in oxygen but breathes out carbon dioxide.
 

## Diet vs exercise 
Lean mass (muscle and bone) burn more energy than fat. Even at rest, a body with more muscle tissue will burn more calories. Several studies found similar results. The comparison between dieting and exercising found both resulted in weight loss. The conclusion was that using both diet and exercise together was the most effective method of weight loss.

## References
Mirpur Thana

**Mirpur** () is a place, a *thana* of Dhaka city, Bangladesh.

## Geography
Mirpur has a total area of . It is north-east of Dhaka city.