open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Hartlepool

**Hartlepool** is a town near the A689 road in County Durham, England.

## The Hartlepool monkey
There is a legend that during the Napoleonic Wars, a French ship was wrecked off the coast near Hartlepool. The captain's pet, a monkey, was washed ashore. The people from Hartlepool thought it was a person and tried to ask it questions. When they were unable to understand the monkey they assumed it was a French spy. A trial was held on the beach and the monkey was sentenced to death and hanged. This event is remembered in several songs. The local football team, Hartlepool United F.C., used to greeted with cries of "Who hung the monkey?". Their mascot is a monkey called "H'Angus the Monkey". The rugby football team, the Hartlepool Rovers, are known as the Monkeyhangers.

## References
## Other websites
*
Haverhill

**Haverhill** is a town in St Edmundsbury, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 22,010 people living in Haverhill.

## References
Knaresborough

**Knaresborough** is a town in North Yorkshire, England. It is east of Harrogate. In 2001 there were 14,761 people living in Knaresborough.

It was presumably unearthed near Farnham near where two key Roman routes ran: Cade's Road on the eastern side and Dere Street to the west, a major route to York and Hadrian's Wall. There were a number of rich Roman villas in the vicinity and the treasure may have come from one of these

## References
Dartmouth

**Dartmouth** is a town and civil parish on the A379 road, in South Hams, Devon, England. In 2001, there were 5,512 people living in Dartmouth. Dartmouth got its name from being at the mouth of the River Dart.

## References
Tavistock

**Tavistock** is a town in Devon, England,  north of Plymouth. Tavistock is a market town in West Devon, England on the River Tavy. 11,018 people live there. It was in existence in the year 961, when the Abbey of Tavistock was founded by a rich Anglo-Saxon nobleman. The most famous person from Tavistock is Sir Francis Drake.

Tavistock is on the edge of Dartmoor, on the A386 road. In the centre of the town is Bedford Square, around which are St Eustachius's Church and the ruins of the Abbey, the Town Hall, and the Pannier Market buildings behind the Town Hall.

## References
Choir (disambiguation)

**Choir** can refer to
*A number of people (an ensemble) singing, a choir
*Music written for such ensembles 
*A part in the architecture of a church, usually where the altar is; a Choir (architecture)
*A number of people commenting the action, in Ancient Greek theatre, see Choir (theatre)
Newton Abbot

**Newton Abbot** is a town near the A380 road, in Teignbridge, Devon, England. In 2001 there were 23,580 people living in Newton Abbot.

## References
Hitchin

**Hitchin** is a town near the A1 road, in Hertfordshire, England. In 2011 approximately 33,350 people lived there.

## References
Ode

An **ode** is a type of lyric poem.  The word comes from the Ancient Greek.  An ode is a poem which is written in praise of something or someone, saying how wonderful they are. 

Very often an ode will have the title "Ode to..." followed by the name of the thing or person that it describes, e.g. John Keats wrote a poem "Ode to a Nightingale".

Odes were written by the poets of Ancient Greece as well as by the Romans.  Horace was particularly famous for his odes, and many English odes written centuries later were based on Horace's lyrical verses.

## Poets who wrote odes 
*  John Keats
*  Samuel Taylor Coleridge
*  William Wordsworth
*  Percy Bysshe Shelley
*  Edmund Spenser
*  Pablo Neruda
*  Horace
*  Ovid
*  Sappho
Bodmin

**Bodmin** is a town on the A30 road, in Cornwall, United Kingdom. It is in the centre of the county southwest of Bodmin Moor.

The neighbouring parishes are Cardinham, Lanhydrock, Lanivet and Helland.

In 2001 there were 12,881 people living in Bodmin.

In the Middle Ages Bodmin was one of the most important towns in Cornwall and the site of a monastery founded by Saint Petroc. The parish church of Bodmin was built in the 15th century and is the second largest church in the county after Truro Cathedral.

## References
Workington

**Workington** is a town in Allerdale, Cumbria, England. Workington is connected by the A66 road and the A596 road. In 2001 there were 24,295 people living in Workington.

## References
Battle of Polygon Wood

The **Battle of Polygon Wood** was a small battle that took place in World War I.
It happened during the second part of the Battle of Passchendaele. Most of the battle was fought in an area named Polygon Wood, near Ypres, Belgium.

## References 
### Notes
### Bibliography
*

## Other websites
*
*
*
*
Royston

**Royston** is a town near the A 505 road in North Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, England. In 2001 there were 14,570 people living in Royston. Royston is a very historic town as it has the meridian of time running through it. We also have the Roy stone. Royston was originally called Roysia but the arrival of the stone  lead to a change of the towns name. There is also a historic cave which is imagined to be a religious work as it has a lot of religious images around it. There are many schools in Royston including Roysia, Greneway and Meridian which are called Rsat (Royston Schools Academy Trust) These three schools are about to link together to become one. 

## References
Appleby-in-Westmorland

**Appleby-in-Westmorland** is a  market town and civil parish. It is in Eden, Cumbria, in North West England. It has a population of 3,048. It is in the historic county of Westmorland, of which it is the traditional county town. 

The town's name was simply Appleby, until the local government changes of 1974. The council changed the town's name, to preserve the historic county name.

## References 
## Other websites
* Town Council website
Barrow-in-Furness

**Barrow-in-Furness** is a town in south Cumbria (England), connected by the A590 road. The old town and seaport form about half of the modern Borough of Barrow-in-Furness.

Before 1 April 1974, Barrow was in Lancashire.

## Other websites
*Borough of Barrow-in-Furness Council
Prosthesis

en leg]]
A **prosthesis** is a device made to replace a missing human body part. They are used by people who are missing body parts due to accidents, health problems (amputees) or being born without them. Originally, prostheses were simply pieces of wood (for example, wooden legs), but now they are made of lighter and stronger materials.  

Currently available prostheses can help return mobility to those with **transtibial** (below the knee), **transfemoral** (above the knee), **transradial** (below the elbow), and **transhumeral** (above the elbow) amputations. There is still much research to be done before artificial limbs can function with the same versatility as a natural limb; as a result many of the currently available prosthetic limbs are tailored to a specific activity or need. 

## In sports 
In Para-alpine skiing, the device needs to be made to work like an ankle because the way the ankle moves is very important in skiing.  The device for skiing is only used in skiing.  People use other prostheses when they are not skiing.

Prosthetic arms can be designed for climbing as well. Private Jaco Van Gass, an amputee veteran, designed a special prosthetic arm with a built in ice pick that he would use to climb Mount Everest. It also includes a battery pack and heat patch to keep his stump warm. 

Olympic sprinter Oscar Pistorius also had prostheses designs specifically for spot. He used carbon fiber running blades that, some argue, give an advantage over natural legs.

## Underlying Mechanisms 
A traditional prosthetic limb consists of three main components: a socket, an attachment mechanism, and a control system.

The socket is the part of the prosthetic that attaches to the users natural body. A precise fit is extremely important to the function of the limb, so typically molds are taken of a patient’s residual limb to ensure the fit is ideal. If it does not fit correctly, the socket could cause severe tissue damage to the patient. 

The attachment mechanism is a means of securely anchoring the limb in a way that is both comfortable and easy for the user to control. The attachment mechanism may work by tension (straps) or even merely by suction between the socket and the limb. 

The control system varies greatly from limb to limb. Some are controlled entirely by the user’s motion; he or she learns to balance on it. In other cases, cables are pulled to cause a limb to bend in the desired direction. 

Today, the most promising control system is the myoelectric signal. This technology is allowing for thought-controlled prosthetics to be developed.

## References 
## Other websites
__FORCETOC__
Stowmarket

**Stowmarket** is a town near the A14 road, in Suffolk, England.

## Other websites
* Stowmarket Town Council
Leiston

**Leiston** is a town near the A12 road, in Suffolk, England.  

Along with the nearby hamlet of Sizewell, Leiston forms the Leiston-cum-Sizewell civil parish.
Wellingborough

**Wellingborough** is a town in Northamptonshire, England. In 2001 there were 72,519 people living in the town. The town is near the A45 road.

Wellingborough is an Anglo-Saxon town. It and was settled in the sixth century by the Saxons. It was first known as *Wendeling burh* - "the stronghold of Waendel's people".  

## References
Saffron Walden

**Saffron Walden** is a town near the M11 motorway, in the Uttlesford district of Essex.

It is a market town  north of Bishop's Stortford,  south of Cambridge and  north of London. 
It has a rural appearance and some buildings of the medieval period. 

The population was 15,504 at the 2011 census.

## References
Annie Edson Taylor

**Annie Edson Taylor** (October 24, 1838 – April 29, 1921) was an American school-teacher and adventurer.  She was the first person to go over Niagara Falls in a barrel without dying.  She did this on her 63rd birthday, October 24, 1901.

## References 
* *Women of Bay County*, Joan Totten Musinski Rezmer (ed.). Bay County Historical Society: Bay City, Michigan, 1980.
* *Queen of the Falls*, Chris Van Allsburg. Houghton Mifflin Books for Children.
Halesworth

**Halesworth** is a town on the A144 road, in Suffolk, England.

## Twin towns
Halesworth is twinned with both 

*  Bouchain and 
*  Eitorf.
Horse fly

A **horse fly** is a type of insect and a member of the family **Tabanidae** (order Diptera). More specifically they are any member of the genus *Tabanus*. These stout flies are as small as a housefly or as large as a bumblebee. Their metallic or iridescent eyes meet dorsally in the male and are separate in the female. Gad-fly, a nickname, may refer either to the fly’s roving habits or to its mouthparts, which resemble a wedge-shaped miner’s tool. 

The bites of the female fly often carry parasites onto the victim (such as a horse). The resulting sore can be extremely distressing to the animal.
Beaconsfield

**Beaconsfield** is a town near the M40 motorway in Buckinghamshire, England. A new service station has opened on the motorway called Beaconsfield service station. It has a population of 12, 081 as of 2011.

## References
Thirsk

**Thirsk** is a town near the A1 road in North Yorkshire, England. There is a museum about James Herriot. There is a train station. 

Thirsk is where a TV show called "The Yorkshire Vet" was set.  

Thirsk is on the "East Coast Mainline" and has hourly trains to Manchester and Redcar, as well as every bi-hourly trains to London and Sunderland.
Bolton, Cumbria

**Bolton** is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 416 people living in Bolton. It has a church called All Saints Church. It is three miles north of Appleby-in-Westmorland.

## References
Whitehaven

**Whitehaven** is a town on the A595 road in Cumbria, England. Whitehaven was built on shipping and mining, but these have now declined.

## References
Berkhamsted

**Berkhamsted** is a town and civil parish located near the A41 road in Dacorum, Hertfordshire, England. As of a 2001 census, the population of Berkhamsted was 16,498.

## References
Cockermouth

**Cockermouth** is a town near the A66 road in Cumbria, England, in the Borough of Allerdale. In 2011 there were 8,761 living in Cockermouth.

## References 
## Other website
Town Council website
Louth

**Louth** is a town near the A16 road in Lincolnshire, England. In 2001 there were 15,930 people living in Louth.

## References
Bridport

**Bridport** is a town near the A35 road in Dorset, England.  It is near the coast at the western end of Chesil Beach.

In 2006 West Dorset district was named 10th best place to live in the UK. The town is twinned with Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue, France.

## References
Maryport

**Maryport** is a town on the A596 road in Allerdale, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 11,275 people living in Maryport.

The Romans built the fort Uxellodunum in Alauna (which is now called Maryport) around the year 122, to help defend the western end of Hadrian's Wall.

## References
Bungay

]]
**Bungay** is a town on the A143 road in Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 4,895 people living in Bungay.

## References
Skegness

**Skegness** is a town and civil parish on the A52 road and A158 road in East Lindsey, Lincolnshire, England. In 2001 there were 18,910 people living in Skegness.

It is known for being bracing, which means that it often has high winds. This is due to its exposed position on the North Sea.

Skegness is known as the home of Butlins, a theme park.

## References
Okehampton

]]
**Okehampton** is an old market town on Dartmoor near the A30 road in West Devon, England. In 2001, there were 5,846 people living in Okehampton. Okehampton is the ideal place to explore Dartmoor with the highest Tor on Dartmoor (Yes Tor) being a short distance from the town. 

Heritage railway services were operated from Okehampton railway station until the line reopened for regular passenger service on 20th November 2021, serving Okehampton with a direct link to Exeter for onward travel. The station was formerly on the Southern Railway main line from Exeter to Padstow.

## References
Wadebridge

**Wadebridge** is a town on the A39 road in Cornwall, England. In 2001 there were 6,351 people living in Wadebridge. The town is on the south side of the River Camel a few miles inland from the north coast of Cornwall. It is well known for the road bridge across the river which was built to replace the dangerous ford in the Middle Ages.

The showground for the Royal Cornwall Show is near Wadebridge.

## References
Falmouth

**Falmouth** is a civil parish in the South West England, in Cornwall, England.

It has an area of 6.395 km² and a population of 24,071 people.
Deal, Kent

**Deal** is a town on the A258 road in Kent, England. In 2011, there were over 30,000 people living in Deal.

In 1989, 11 military bandsmen were killed when the PIRA bombed the Royal Marine Depot.

## References
Atherstone

**Atherstone** is a town near the A5 road, in Warwickshire, England. In 2001, there were 8,338 people living in Atherstone.

## References 
## Other websites
* 
*
Warwick

]]
**Warwick** is a town near in Warwickshire, England. In 2011 there were 31,345 people living in Warwick. It is most famous for its castle and many of the buildings in the town centre are very old, some from the 11th century. A market is held each Saturday which has been going for hundreds of years. It also has a large and impressive church and a racecourse which is often seen on television. The town next to it is called Leamington Spa and the nearest city is Coventry. It has two train stations and is near a major motorway linking Birmingham and London.

## References
Launceston

**Launceston** is a town near the A30 road in Cornwall, England. In 2001, there were 7,135 people living in Launceston. The parish church is dedicated to St Mary Magdalen. Launceston was the former capital of Cornwall until it was replaced by Bodmin in 1835.

Launceston is just over one mile (1.6 km) west of the River Tamar which marks the border between Cornwall and Devon and is often referred to as the "gateway to Cornwall". The Norman ruler of Cornwall built a castle here which is now in ruins.

## References
Carnforth

**Carnforth** is a town near the M6 motorway in Lancashire, England. In 2001 there were 5,350 people living in Carnforth.

## References
Exmouth

**Exmouth**  is a town on the A376 road in Devon, England. In 2001, there were 32,972 people living in Exmouth.

## Sisters cities
* Dinan, France
* Langerwehe, Germany

## References
Ashburton

**Ashburton** is a town near the A38 road in Devon, England. In 2001 there were 3,909 people living in Ashburton.

## References
Helston

**Helston** is a town on the A394 road in west Cornwall, England. In 2001 there were 9,780 people living in Helston. The annual Furry Dance (known outside Cornwall as the Flora Dance) is said to originate from the medieval period and is held on May 8th each year. Another traditional celebration, the Hal-an-Tow, is reputed to be of Celtic origin.

## References
Newmarket, Suffolk

**Newmarket** is a market town and civil parish near the A14 road in Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 14,995 people living in Newmarket.

## References
Swanley

**Swanley** is a town inside the M25 motorway in Kent, England. In 2001 there were 20,986 people living in Swanley.

## References
Tadcaster

**Tadcaster** is a town near the A64 road in North Yorkshire, England. In 2001 there were 6,039 people living in Tadcaster.

## References
Needham Market

**Needham Market** is a town and civil parish in Mid Suffolk, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 4,495 people living in Needham Market. The town is near the A14 road.

## References
Wymondham

**Wymondham** is a town near the A11 road and Norwich in Norfolk, England. In 2001 there were 12,539 people living in Wymondham.

## References
Blandford Forum

**Blandford Forum** is a historic Georgian town in Dorset, England. In 2001 there were 8,745 people living in Blandford Forum.  There is a church in the centre of the town. It is on the River Stour.

There are three Primary Schools:  Archbishiopwake Primary School, Milldown Primary and Blandford St Mary.  There is also a Secondary School called The Blandford School.

## Town Centre 
There is a large well known brewery Hall and Woodhouse who also own the Crown Hotel.

## Facilities 
There is a leisure centre which has a 25m pool and children's water slide.  A sauna and steam room are next to the pool.  There is also a fully equipped gym and a cafe.

## Events 
The famous annual Steam Fair is held nearby in Tarrant Hinton. and Blandford Forum is host to the rock festival every year, called Teddy Rocks which is charitable event to raise money for cancer awareness.

Annually there is a Georgian Fayre in the town centre and also a Yuletide Festival.  The Blandford Carnival is well known celebration of the local community.

## References
Grange-over-Sands

**Grange-over-Sands** is a town in Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 4,042 people living in Grange-over-Sands. It is located near the A590 road.

## References
Maghull

**Maghull** is a town near the M58 motorway in Merseyside, England. In 2001 there were 22,225 people living in Maghull.

## References
Withernsea

**Withernsea** is a town on the A1033 road in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. In 2001 there were 5,980 people living in Withernsea.

## References
Buntingford

**Buntingford** is a town near the A10 road in Hertfordshire, England. In 2001 there were 4,820 living in Buntingford.

## References
Buckingham

**Buckingham** is a town in Buckinghamshire, England. It is to the west of Milton Keynes and to the north of Aylesbury. 

In 2011, 12,890 people were living in Buckingham.

Britain's first private university, the University of Buckingham, is based here.

## References
Eye, Suffolk

**Eye** is a town in Suffolk, England. In 2001, the town had a population of  2,000 people. Eye is near the A140 road.
 
## Twin town
Eye is twinned with 
 Pouzauges.

## References
Brigg

**Brigg** is a small market town in North Lincolnshire, England. In 2001, it was shown that the population of Brigg was 5,076 in 2,213 households.

## References
Market Rasen

**Market Rasen** is a town and civil parish in West Lindsey, Lincolnshire, England. In 2001 there were 3,230 people living in Market Rasen.

## References
Biggleswade

**Biggleswade** is a town and civil parish near the A1 road in Bedfordshire, England. In 2012 there were 15,383 people living in Biggleswade. There is a train station that goes to London. The local upper school is called Stratton Upper School. Other famous people that have lived in Biggleswade are Pam Rhodes and Dan Albone. The town has lots of Cafés and Hair Dressers. Biggleswade has a parish church and the other churches are in Biggleswade Churches Together. Biggleswade has a radio station, Biggles FM.

## References
Basildon

**Basildon** ( ) is a large town in Essex, England. It had a recorded population of 115,955 at the 2021 census. In 1931, the town had a population of 1,159. It was then expanded when it became a new town in the late 1940s. It lies  east of Central London,  south of the city of Chelmsford and  west of the city of Southend-on-Sea.

## References 
## Other websites
* Basildon Council
* Basildon Heritage
* Basildon Borough History – Basildon 
* Basildon History Online
* Gateway 97.8 – Community Radio station
* Basildon Radio – Basildon local Internet Radio station
*
Baldock

**Baldock** is a town near the A1 road in Hertfordshire, England. There is a service station on the A1 called Baldock service station.

## References
Lymington

**Lymington** is a town on the A337 road in Hampshire, England. Lymington has a hospital.

## Related pages 
* Lymington Branch Line

## References
Hornsea

**Hornsea** is a town in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. In 2001 there were 8,243 people living in Hornsea.

## References
Holarctic

The **Holarctic** ecozone refers to the habitats found throughout the northern continents of the world as a whole.  

This region is divided into the Palearctic and the Nearctic. The palearctic is Northern Africa and all of Eurasia, with the exception of Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent. The Nearctic is North America north of southern Mexico.  

These are further subdivided into a variety of ecoregions.  Many ecosystems, and the animal and plant communities that depend on them, are found across multiple continents in large portions of this ecozone.  

The continuity of these ecosystems results from the shared glacial history of this ecozone. Also, during glacial periods, mammal fauna was able to cross from Asia to North America via the Bering Strait.
Moodabidri

**Moodabidri** is a town in India. It is in the Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka state. It is 37&nbsp;km away from the district headquarters, Mangalore. People there speak Tulu, Konkani and Kannada. This place consist of many notable tourist spots like Thousand Pillar Temple, Kadalakere Nisarga Dhama, Hanuman Temple, Soans farm, Butterfly park, Beluvai, Satynarayana temple etc. This place is famous for its heritage and monuments . Many jain basadi's (temples of Jain religion) are the places to visit.

Moodabidri is known for its peaceful atmosphere and green surroundings. The town celebrates many local festivals that bring people together, including traditional dance and music events. 

Agriculture is an important part of life here, with many families growing crops like coconut and areca nut. Moodabidri also has schools and small markets that serve the local community. Visitors come not only for temples but also to enjoy the natural beauty and friendly culture of the town.

## References
Newcastle-under-Lyme

**Newcastle-under-Lyme**, known locally as just **Newcastle**, is a market town in the ceremonial county of Staffordshire in England, near to the city of Stoke-on-Trent. It is located in the Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme, near to the borders with Shropshire and Cheshire. 

In 2011, the town had a population of 75,082 people.

The "Newcastle" part of the town's name comes from the town being the location of a new castle in the 12th century. The "Lyme" part of the name could refer to the Lyme Brook, a stream of the River Trent, or the Forest of Lyme that covered the area with lime trees in the Middle Ages.

The town is home to Newcastle-under-Lyme School, an independent school. The school was established in the 17th century.

In the 18th century, Newcastle was an important coaching town, located on the main road from Liverpool and Manchester to Birmingham and London.

In 2023, Newcastle-under-Lyme celebrated 850 years since its first Royal Charter which was granted in 1173. 

## Gallery

File:Queens_gardens_newcastle_under_lyme.jpg|Queen's Gardens
File:Newcastle-under-Lyme_Museum_&_Art_Gallery_(1).jpg|Newcastle-under-Lyme Museum and Art Gallery
File:St_Giles'_Church_Street_Newcastle-under-Lyme_-_geograph.org.uk_-_558236.jpg|St Giles' Church
File:Liverpool_Road,_Newcastle-Under-Lyme_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2101373.jpg|Liverpool Road

## References
Afrotropic

The **Afrotropic** is one of the Earth's eight ecozones. The zone was formerly known as the **Ethiopian Zone**.

The zone includes Africa south of the Sahara, the southern and eastern parts of the Arabian Peninsula, the island of Madagascar, southern Iran, extreme southwestern Pakistan, and the islands of the western Indian Ocean. Almost all this land was part of the ancient southern supercontinent of Gondwana, which started to break up 150 million years ago.

## Major ecological regions
Because Africa is a very large continent, and runs north/south acrsoss the equator, the zone has many different climates and habitats.

Most of the Afrotropic, has a tropical climate. A broad belt of deserts separate the Afrotropic from the Palearctic ecozone, which includes northern Africa and temperate Eurasia.

### Sahel and Sudan
South of the Sahara, two belts of tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas and shrublands run east and west across the continent, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Ethiopian Highlands. 

Immediately south of the Sahara lies the Sahel belt, a transitional zone of semi-arid short grassland and Acacia savanna. 

Rainfall increases further south in the Sudan, a belt of taller grasslands and savannas. The Sudanian savanna is home to two great flooded grasslands and savannas, the Sudd wetland in the Sudan, and the Niger Inland Delta in Mali.

### Southern Arabian woodlands
South Arabia, mostly Yemen and parts of western Oman and southwest Saudi Arabia, has few permanent forests. Otherwise woodlands scatter the land and are very small Juniper or Acacia forests.

### Forest zone
A belt of lowland tropical moist broadleaf forests, runs across most of equatorial Africa. 

The largest tropical forest zone in Africa are the forests of the Congo Basin in Central Africa. A belt of tropical moist broadleaf forest also runs along the Indian Ocean coast, from southern Somalia to South Africa.

### East Africa
The Great Rift Valley gives East Africa its unique mix of deep lakes, highlands, volcanoes and grassland.

* Acacia-Commiphora grasslands
* Serengeti
* Lake Victoria
* Ngorongoro
* Olduvai Gorge

### Southern African 
Woodlands, savannas, grasslands and desert.
* Namib Desert
* Kalahari Desert

### Madagascar and the Indian Ocean islands 
Madagascar and neighboring islands form a distinctive sub-region of the ecozone, with numerous endemic taxa like the lemurs. 

Madagascar and the Seychelles are not part of Africa, and that explains why the advanced primates of Africa (monkeys, apes) are not found in Madagascar. This is because Madagascar has not been connected to Africa since the break-up of Gondwana. Lemurs are found occupying more or less the same ecological niches as monkeys do in Africa.

Other Indian ocean islands, like the Comoros and Mascarene Islands, are volcanic islands that formed more recently. Madagascar contains several important biospheres: its biodiversity and numbers of unique species is high.
* Madagascar dry deciduous forests
* Madagascar spiny thickets
* Eastern Madagascar lowland rainforests
Matlock, Derbyshire

**Matlock** is a town on the A6 road in Derbyshire, England. In 2001 there were 9,496 people living in Matlock. Matlock gives its name to the lead based mineral named **Matlockite**.

## References
Bracknell

**Bracknell** is a town in Berkshire, England. In 2001 there were 50,131 people living in Bracknell.

## References
Tring

**Tring** is a town near the A41 road and Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire, England. In 2001 there were 12,027 people living in Tring.

## References
Clitheroe

**Clitheroe** is a town near the A59 road in Lancashire, England. In 2001 there were 14,697 people living in Clitheroe.

## References
Australasian realm

]]
, when the sea level was more than 110 m lower than today, is shown in grey. Note the deep water of the Lombok Strait between the islands of Bali and Lombok formed a water barrier even when lower sea levels linked the now-separated islands and landmasses on either side.]]

The **Australasian zone** is an ecological region which fits the geographic region of Australasia. That means Australia, New Guinea and neighbouring islands. The northern boundary is the Wallace Line. 

The ecozone includes Australia, the island of New Guinea (including Papua New Guinea and the Indonesian province of Papua). 

The smaller islands include the eastern part of the Indonesian archipelago, including the island of Sulawesi, the Moluccan islands (the Indonesian provinces of Maluku and North Maluku) and islands of Lombok, Sumbawa, Sumba, Flores, and Timor, often known as the Lesser Sundas.  

The Australasian ecozone also includes several Pacific island groups, including the Bismarck Archipelago, Vanuatu, the Solomon Islands, and New Caledonia. New Zealand and its surrounding islands are a distinctive sub-region of the Australasian ecozone.  The rest of Indonesia is part of the Indomalayan ecozone. 

The Australasian continental plate was once attached to Antarctica as part of the Gondwana supercontinent. The peculiarity of its flora and fauna is due to its long separation from the rest of the world. Apart from some birds, and until recent introductions by man, the native life had been undisturbed by invasions. The ecozone has the only two living monotremes, and has no native eutherian mammals. 

Almost all its native mammals (except the two monotremes) are marsupials. The indisputable remains of Australian placental mammals started from the Miocene, when Australia moved closer to Indonesia. After 15 million years ago (mya) bats appeared in the fossil record, and after 5-10 mya rodents did, and 1 mya rats arrived. This information is based on the fossil record. Several thousand years ago, man brought the dingo, and 200 years ago many more species. This information applies to Australia. The fauna of New Zealand, and the Pacific islands shows a different pattern. There the migrations from the Indomalayan ecozone mostly did not arrive.

Alfred Russell Wallace found the dividing line between the Australasian ecozone and the rest of the world. It runs between the islands of Lombok (Australasia) and Bali (Indomalaya).

## Related pages 
*Australasia
*Gondwana
*Biogeography
*Wallace Line
*Animals of New Zealand

## References
A Dog of Flanders

***A Dog of Flanders*** was written in 1872 by English author Marie Louise de la Ramée.  It is about a dog named Patrasche who ends up living with an artist named Nello and his grandfather, Jeehan Daas.  

Several movies and TV series have been made based on this book. Among them are:
* A Dog of Flanders (1959 movie)
* A Dog of Flanders (1999 movie)
Gainsborough

**Gainsborough** is a town and civil parish in West Lindsey, Lincolnshire, England. In 2001 there were 16,869 people living in Gainsborough.

## References
Stoke Fleming

**Stoke Fleming** is a village and civil parish on the A379 road and Start Bay, South of Dartmouth in South Hams, Devon, England. In 2001 there were 1,012 people living in Stoke Fleming. Stoke Fleming has a Library and a primary school. 

## References
Another Perfect Day

***Another Perfect Day*** is the sixth album by the British heavy metal band Motörhead. The album was released in 1983 and reached number 20 in the UK charts.

## Track listing
John Payne

**John Payne** (May 28, 1912 – December 6, 1989) was an American actor and singer.

## Career 
John Payne began his career playing a small role in the William Wyler movie *Dodsworth* (1936). In 1938 he got a role in the comedy *College Swing*, directed by Raoul Walsh. He appeared on Broadway from 1935 to 1939. His first starring role was playing a boxer Steve Nelson in *Kid Nightingale* (1939), directed by George Amy. John Payne work with Randolph Scott and Maureen O'Hara in the war movie *To the Shores of Tripoli* (1942), directed by H. Bruce Humberstone. 

In 1946 he got the role co-starring in *Miracle on 34th Street* (1947), directed by George Seaton. Another great movie starring Payne was *Kansas City Confidential* (1952), directed by Phil Karlson. In this movie Payne plays an ex-convict trying to become a part of society who people think robbed many armored car. 

He has also been a regular performer in Westerns movies *El Paso* (1949), *The Eagle and the Hawk* (1950) and *Passage West* (1951) directed by Lewis R. Foster, *The Vanquished* (1953), directed by Edward Ludwig, *Silver Lode* (1954), directed by Allan Dwan, *Rails Into Laramie* (1954) directed by Jesse Hibbs, *Santa Fe Passage* (1955) directed by William Witney, *The Road to Denver* (1955), directed by Joseph Kane, ''Tennessee's Partner* (1955), where he worked with Ronald Reagan, directed by Allan Dwan, and *Rebel in Town* (1956) by Alfred L. Werker.

## Television 
John Payne also had success in television. He was the star of western *The Restless Gun*. It was a television series broadcast on NBC between 1957 and 1959, Payne starred as Vint Bonner, a lone cowboy and former Confederate soldier. He also made appearances in *Zane Grey Theater* (1957), *The Dick Powell Show* (1962), *The Name of the Game* (1968), *Gunsmoke* (1970), *Cade's County* (1971), and *Columbo* (1975).

## References 
**Best Western Movies: Winning Pictures, Favorite Films and Hollywood B Entries*, by John Howard Reid
**Movie Mystery & Suspense*, by John Howard Reid

## Other websites 
* 
*
* John Payne in Lux Radio Theater: *Miracle on 34th Street'' (1948)  (Downloadable mp3 and streaming audio)
List of capital cities by altitude

This is a list of national **capital cities ranked by altitude**. The altitude of the cities affects the people and buildings of the place. In many cases, the cold climate in winter means a particular style of house with heating and a different lifestyle is needed to fit to the weather.

The first country in this list, Bolivia, is a country with many capitals - Sucre (constitutional capital) and La Paz (seat of government). If we consider La Paz as the national capital, then Bolivia will be ranked as number 1 in the List, but if you consider Sucre, then the capital of Ecuador - Quito - will be the highest national capital.

## List
Newcastle Waters

**Newcastle Waters** is a small settlement near the Stuart Highway in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is 777&nbsp;km north of Alice Springs and 705&nbsp;km south of Darwin. The nearest petrol station and accommodation is found 23 kilometres (14 miles) south at Elliott.

Newcastle Waters was named by the explorer, John McDouall Stuart in 1861. He named it after the Duke of Newcastle. The waterhole Stuart discovered is now called the Longreach Hole. When the Australian Overland Telegraph Line was built, a relay station was built at Newcastle Waters in 1870. The cattle station was set up in 1883.

## References
## Other websites
* The Age Newcastle Waters
Swilland

**Swilland** is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there ware 164 people living in Swilland. Swilland has a church called St Mary.

## References
Framlingham railway station

**Framlingham railway station** is a railway station in Framlingham, Suffolk, United Kingdom. It opened in 1859, and ended passenger service in 1952. Freight service ended in 1963.

## References
## Other websites
* Framlingham station on navigable 1946 O. S. map
Dorchester

**Dorchester** is the county town of Dorset, England. In 2001 there were 16,171 people living in Dorchester.

## References
Westerfield railway station

**Westerfield** is a railway station in Westerfield Suffolk, England. The station is a junction of the Felixstowe Branch Line to Felixstowe, and the East Suffolk Line to Lowestoft. The station is 6&nbsp;km (3½ miles) east of Ipswich. Westerfield is a small village north of Ipswich and the station is on the south side of the village.

## Other websites
Radiated tortoise

The **radiated tortoise** is a type of tortoise. It has vibrant yellow streaks down its bumpy black shell.  It lives in southern and hotter parts of Madagascar. It can stay alive up to about 50 years in the wild and about 100 years in captivity.

## Description 
The radiated tortoise has a black patch on its head.  Its scaly legs are yellow.  Its shell is its most impressive feature.  The shell is black and bumpy with a pattern of yellow stripes on it.  The radiated tortoise can weigh up to 35 lbs.

## Diet
The radiated tortoise likes to use the same food source many times before choosing a new one.  They eat seeds, fruit, succulent plants and shrubs.  They get their water from water pools on rocks.  It is very hot so they have to stay hydrated.

## References
*http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Animals/ReptilesAmphibians/Facts/FactSheets/Radiatedtortoise.cfm 
*http://www.rosamondgiffordzoo.org/assets/uploads/animals/pdf/RadiatedTortoise.pdf
Pope John XIX

**Pope John XIX** (; &nbsp; -died October 1032), born **Romanus**, was an Italian bishop of the Roman Catholic Church and the 145th Pope from 1024 to 1032.

## Early life
Romanus was born in Rome to the noble Tusculum family. He was the brother of Pope Benedict VIII and the uncle of Pope Benedict IX.

## Pope
Romanus was elected pope in 1024. His family used his money and influence to make Romanus the pope. This was called simony. and he is known as John XIX.

After his election, Pope John became a priest and a bishop.]]

## Other websites
* 
* Catholic Hierarchy, Popes in sequence
* Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church , Deacon Romano
Martin Luther King, Sr.

The Reverend **Martin Luther King, Sr.** (born **Michael King**; December 19, 1899  – November 11, 1984) was an African American civil rights activist and the father of Martin Luther King, Jr.  He was a Baptist minister. His son – Martin Luther King, Junior – was a civil rights activist who went against racial segregation. His spouse, Alberta Williams King, was assassinated. King died on November 11, 1984 in Atlanta, Georgia at the age of 84.
Pico Rivera, California

**Pico Rivera** is a city in Los Angeles County, California.  It is in the southeastern part of the county, near Whittier and Montebello.  The city was formed in 1958 when the communities of Pico and Rivera came together.  Those places had been farming towns, but became residential after World War II.  At one time, there was a large factory that made Ford cars in Pico Rivera.  The city has a large Mexican-American population, with Latinos making up 88% of the population.

## References
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court

**Not to be confused with the Caribbean Court of Justice.*
The **Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court** (**ECSC**) is a higher court for the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS), including six independent states: Antigua and Barbuda, the Commonwealth of Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and three British Overseas Territories (Anguilla, British Virgin Islands, and Montserrat). It has unlimited jurisdiction in each member State.

## History
The ECSC was set up in 1967 by the West Indies Associated States Supreme Court Order No. 223 of 1967. In Grenada, the Court is called "the Supreme Court of Grenada and the West Indies Associated States". See section 105 of the Grenada Constitution.

## Functions
The functions of the ECSC are as follows:
* To interpret and apply the laws of the various member states of the OECS;
* To decide cases of both civil and criminal matters;
* To hear appeals.

## Composition
## Location
The Headquarters of the ECSC is in the Heraldine Rock Building, Waterfront, Castries, Saint Lucia. The building houses the Justices of Appeal’s chambers, the Court of Appeal Registry, the Judicial Education Institute, Library, and the Administrative Services.

Also, there are Court Offices in the nine Member States, which house the chambers of the High Court Judges and the offices of the High Court Registry. Each High Court Registry is headed by a legally trained Registrar to give administrative and legal support for the working of the High Court.

## Related pages
*Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States
*Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC)
*Caribbean Court of Justice

## References
## Other websites
*Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court website
Eastern Caribbean Central Bank

The **Eastern Caribbean Central Bank** is the central bank of a group of six independent Caribbean nations, namely:
* Antigua and Barbuda,
* Grenada,
* Saint Kitts and Nevis,
* Commonwealth of Dominica,
* Saint Lucia,
* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,
and 2 British overseas territories
* Anguilla,
* Montserrat.

It was set up in October 1983 in order to keep the East Caribbean dollar (EC$) stable, to regulate the banking system and to help the balanced growth and development of member states. Its headquarters are in Basseterre, on the island of St. Kitts.

All of the ECCB members are also a part of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS).

## Related pages
*East Caribbean dollar
*Eastern Caribbean Securities Exchange

## Other websites
*Eastern Caribbean Central Bank Web site
Red Forest

The **Red Forest** (, ) is in the area around the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. The forest is the trees in the 10 km² around the damaged nuclear reactor. The name "Red Forest" comes from color of the pine trees that died after taking in high levels of radiation from the Chernobyl accident on April 26, 1986. The trees became reddish-brown. People took down the trees and buried them in 'waste graveyards' while cleaning up after the disaster. The Red Forest is one of the areas in the world today with the most radioactivity.

## References
## Other websites
*Description of Red Forest - unique ecosystem of Chernobyl zone of alienation. (*radiation dead forest ecosystem*) 
*Greenpeace ten-year retrospective 
*The Zone as a wildlife reserve
*More images from inside the Zone
* 25 years of satellite imagery over Chernobyl
Machete (movie)

***Machete*** is a 2010 American action movie. It stars Danny Trejo, Robert De Niro, Jessica Alba, Don Johnson, Michelle Rodriguez, Steven Seagal and Lindsay Lohan.

## References
An Invisible Sign

***An Invisible Sign*** is a drama movie starring Jessica Alba, J. K. Simmons, Chris Messina, Sophie Nyweide and Bailee Madison. Filming began in New York. *An Invisible Sign* is based on the book by Aimee Bender.

## References
Framlingham Branch

The **Framlingham Branch** was a British rail line.  It was six miles long on a single track. It went from Wickham Market railway station on the East Suffolk Line to .  There were three stations in between, , , and .

## History
Work was allowed to start on the railway in 1854, along with a line from  to , the line opened on 1 June 1859. The branch became part of the London & North Eastern Railway in 1923 and British Railways from 1948. Well used until the 1930s when passenger numbers fell due to the popularity of road transport the line closed to passenger services on 1 November 1952, and to freight on 19 April 1963.

## References
Little Fockers

***Little Fockers*** is a 2010 American comedy movie set in Chicago. It is the sequel to *Meet the Parents* and *Meet the Fockers*. It stars Robert De Niro, Ben Stiller, Jessica Alba, Dustin Hoffman and Barbra Streisand.

## References
## Other websites
*
Spy Kids 4: All the Time in the World

***Spy Kids 4: All the Time in the World*** is a 2011 movie And Its Produced By Touchstone Pictures, The Weinstein Company, Dimension Films And TroubleMaker Studios. It stars Jessica Alba and Joel McHale.  It is the sequel to Spy Kids 3. In 2018, a tv show based on the Spy Kids series was made by Netflix And Disney Jr. and it was called Spy Kids: Mission Critical. A reboot of the first film of the Spy Kids film series is also in development.

## References
Trippin'

***Trippin***' is a 2005 television series about ecology. It was made by MTV.  It featured famous people like Drew Barrymore and Jessica Alba. It was hosted by Cameron Diaz.

## References
John Oxley

**John Joseph William Molesworth Oxley** (1784—1828) was a Royal Navy officer who became Surveyor-General of Australia, and an important early explorer. He first arrived in Sydney in 1802. He is famous for his exploration of the Lachlan River. His findings helped the later explorations of Captain Charles Sturt and Major Thomas Mitchell. He died in Sydney in 1828.

In 1901 an Australian electoral division was named Oxley after him.

## References
Fasciola hepatica

***Fasciola hepatica*** (also known as the **common liver fluke**) is a parasitic trematode (fluke or flatworm) in the phylum Platyhelminthes.

It infects the livers of various mammals, including humans. The disease caused by the fluke is called *fascioliasis*. It has been classified as a neglected tropical disease. 

*F. hepatica* is worldwide. It has been known as an important parasite of sheep and cattle for hundreds of years. It causes great economic losses in sheep and cattle. Because of its size and economic importance, it has been the subject of many scientific investigations and may be the best-known of any trematode species.

## References
Goblin

from "English Fairy Tales" (19th century)]]
A **goblin** is a legendary evil or mischievous creature, described as a grotesquely evil. They are attributed with various abilities, temperaments and appearances depending on the story and country of origin.

Goblins are also manufactured as well as produced in the "*New York Goblin Factory*". These Goblins are then distributed to every 3/8 houses in sub-urban areas, with there being a maximum count of two Goblins per chosen house. It is still entirely unknown how and why these Goblins are being "*made*", but we know that they are.

There are several different types of Goblins [see below], and they are all very hard to deal with, as they are very stubborn.                                                                (note; entry of Goblins is not complete)

Common house goblin: Most common type of goblin, having colors of red, green, yellowy green, brownish green, and [*hex*] #3c8070. These Goblins typically only steal, take, hide, or re-arrange objects and furniture, not particularly specific ones in inconvenient times, just whenever they feel like it. They are also native to Latvia, New Jersey, and central Brazil.

(The) Rare Bosnian Fridge Goblin: Native to only Bosnia, but produced and distributed (very rarely) to the set houses, these Goblins are typically only 5 inches in height, and steal specific things at inconvenient times (like [*specific object name*] Gnomes). These Goblins can be scared off and out of your house with the presence of (active) lawyers, as that is their natural predator, thus being the reason they are rarely produced; quote "''We don't want those things leaving your house, even your fridge alone. It took me and the Lab Boys too long to find those things''" -

It also is a creature famous for its ugly appearance. 

## Related pages
*Orc
*The Hobbit
*Troll
*Oni (folklore)
Valentine's Day (2010 movie)

'''''Valentine's Day'''* is a 2010 American romantic comedy movie. It is set in Los Angeles. It stars Jessica Alba, Julia Roberts, and Jessica Biel.

The film made $52.4 million its opening weekend.

Many people think the movie is very much like the British movie *Love Actually''.

## Awards and nominations
## References
## Other websites
* 
*
The Killer Inside Me (2010 movie)

***The Killer Inside Me*** is a 2010 American crime drama thriller movie based on the 1952 novel of the same name. It is set in Texas in 1952. It stars Jessica Alba and Casey Affleck.

## Related pages
*The Top 100 Crime Novels of All Time

## References
## Other websites 
*