open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Leptodactylus bolivianus

The **Bolivian white-lipped frog** or **Bolivian thin-toed frog** (*Leptodactylus bolivianus*) is a frog.  It lives in Brazil, Bolivia, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Argentina.

## Body
The adult male frog is 79.0-121.5 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female is 61.2–107.7 mm long. The skin of the frog's back is light brown in color with darker brown spots and marks on the legs. There is a light colored mark above the mouth. The belly is also lighter in color.

## Home
This frog is usually awake at night. People see it in grassy places, forests, including forests that are growing back, swamps, places where animals eat grass, rice fields, and other places. The adults live in holes in the ground. Scientists saw the frog between 0 and 1400 meters above sea level.

Scientists saw the frog in many protected places.

## Young
This frog lays eggs in a nest that it makes out of bubbles. It hides this nest in plants. The tadpoles swim in ponds where the water is not deep and is full of mud.

## Diet
This frog eats animals without bones, for example, beetles and ants. It can also eat smaller frogs.

## Danger
Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is not in danger of dying out. In some places, people catch this frog to eat.

## References
Neale Donald Walsch

**Neale Donald Walsch** (born September 10, 1943) is the American writer of the series *Conversations with God*. In addition, he is a speaker, screenwriter, and actor.

## References 
## Other websites
*

### Interviews
* 'Being at One': Neale Donald Walsch Interview with Gil Dekel
* 
* 
* Neale Donald Walsch Interview with Dr. Michael Laitman
Robert Frind

**Robert Frind** (born 2 December 1963 in Vienna) is a former Austrian football player and coach. As a youth, he played in almost every position, including goalkeeper and centre-forward. In the youth academy of Austria Vienna, he developed into a centre-back.
## Career 
Frind began playing football at the age of ten at SC Columbia Floridsdorf. During a youth tournament in 1975, Austria Wien noticed him and brought him into their youth academy. He progressed through all the youth teams there. On 8 May 1982, he made his first league appearance for the first team in a match against Wiener Sport-Club.  After one further appearance each in the Austrian Cup and the league in the 1981/82 season, Frind remained with the club  for another ten years. There was only a brief interruption in 1988 when he was loaned to Wiener Sport-Club until the end of the year. From 1985 onwards he made 201 competitive appearances (307 in total) for Austria Wie. he five league titles and four cup titles.
## International 
Frind's international career began in the Austrian Football Association's (ÖFB) youth national teams. He was part of the squad for the U20 team that participated in the 1983 World Cup in Mexico. Frind played in all three group matches. In 1986, under coach Branko Elsner, he was called up to Team Olympia, which was selected to qualify for the 1988 Olympic Games, and made seven appearances for them. His debut for the senior national team was in a 1-0 away win against Albania. In total, he made five appearances for the senior national team in 1987 and 1988.
## International statistics
## Honours 
* 5 × Ausstrian championː1984, 1985, 1986, 1991, 1992
* 4 × Austrian Cupː 1982, 1986, 1990, 1992
## References
Pakhangba Temple, Bangladesh

The **Temple of Pakhangba ()** is a historic structure dedicated to Pakhangba, a Meitei deity. This Bangladeshi Meitei monument is located inside the Manipuri Rajbari of Lama Bazar. It is one of the cultural heritage of the Meitei people in Bangladesh. It can be divided vertically into three main sections: the pedestal, the sanctum cube, and the conical roof.

## Pedestal 
The pedestal of the temple rises 58 centimeters above the platform. It is made of three courses of mouldings, which are divided into three sections: the sub-base, the base, and the shaft. Above the sub-base is the cube of the shaft, and above the shaft is the base moulding of the sanctum cube. The pedestal as a whole resembles a thick pillar. The ground plan of the pedestal measures 3.25 square meters.

## Sanctum cube 
The sanctum is a single-celled hall with four walls that rise straight from the pedestal to meet the conical roof. Each corner of the walls has a pillar. The southern wall contains a lancet-arch opening serving as the entrance. Among the four walls, the southern and eastern walls are well decorated, while the northern and western walls have no decorations.

## Side walls 
### Southern side wall 
The southern wall is the temple’s main facade. The entrance is located at the center, flanked by two false doors. The upper portion of the main door features a lancet arch. All doors are framed by pilasters that replicate the design of the pillars and are decorated with various designs. Above the doors are three rectangular frames, with the middle frame being the largest. The frames are bordered with floral motifs and creepers. Above these frames, two peacocks are depicted, with a solar symbol placed between them.

### Eastern side wall 
The eastern wall is also richly decorated. It contains three false doors similar to those on the southern wall. Above these doors are three rectangular frames, with the central frame being the most important. This frame depicts the paphal of Pakhangba in a syncretised form, combining the paphal with the hood of Ananta, the Hindu mythical serpent king. Just below the hood and above the paphal is an indistinct carving. Two flower vases are placed on either side of the paphal. Additional carvings of floral motifs and creepers are positioned beside it. Above these carvings are depictions of two bulls and two horses, with a solar symbol in between. The northern and western walls of the sanctum are undecorated.

## Conical roof 
The roof of the temple is conical and pointed at the top. It is constructed at an inclined angle of 75 degrees.

## Related pages 
* Meitei architecture
* Pakhangba Temple, Kangla
* Pakhangba Temple, Uyal Cheirao Ching
* Pakhangba Cheng Hongba

## References
Rubén Oseguera González

**Rubén Oseguera González** (born 14 February 1990), better known as **El Menchito**, is a Mexican former drug lord and former high-ranking member of the Jalisco New Generation Cartel, a criminal group based in the state of Jalisco. He is the son of Nemesio "El Mencho" Oseguera Cervantes, Mexico's most-wanted drug lord.

In 2020, Oseguera González was extradited to the U.S., and later convicted in September 2024. In March 2025, Oseguera González was sentenced to life imprisonment plus 30 years.

## Notes
## References
Thrax

"**Thrax**" (stylized in all lowercase) is a song by American rapper SSGKobe initially released on February 26, 2021, through Columbia Records and Field Trip Recordings as the lead single from his EP *Night Before Ko*(2021), and blew up on TikTok in 2021.
## Background
The track "Thrax" was saw an official release following multiple snippets on TikTok, In 2021, it following a meme, the song went viral and garnered millions of streams.
## References
__INDEX__
Al-Majd TV Network

**Al-Majd TV Network** (Arabic: شبكة المجد) It is a diverse Saudi Arabian satellite television network operating under Islamic legal guidelines. It began broadcasting on Wednesday, the 1st of Ramadan, 1423 AH (November 6, 2002). Al-Majd satellite network is the third largest pay-TV operator and has a large subscriber base.

## History 
Al-Majd Satellite Network was founded in November 2002.

and After years of working with Orbit Showtime Network (OSN), the network severed ties from ramadan 2010 to 2023 and began broadcasting exclusively through digital streaming platforms and television providers in some countries, such as Saudi Arabia. In the rest of the Arab world, it broadcasts only on digital platforms. The network currently broadcasts four free-to-air channels.

Until 2016, there was live SMS messaging for some channels, including Al-majd Kids.

Starting 2022 and ending the same year, there used to be a channel called Al-Majd Zaman; which used to be another variety & entertainment channel from Al-Majd Network airing some of the network’s archives.

## References 
## Other website 
* Official Website
Philip Morris International

**Philip Morris International Inc.** (**PMI**) is a large American tobacco company, selling in over 180 countries. Marlboro is PMI’s most famous brand. In the last quarter of 2023, Iqos  made the most money. Philip Morris International is normally thought to be part of Big Tobacco. The company ranked No. 121 in the 2025 *Fortune* 500 list of the largest US corporations by total profit.

## References
Rhonda Byrne

**Rhonda Byrne** ( ; née **Izon**; born 1951, Melbourne, Australia) is an Australian producer and writer for television. The law of attraction, a pseudoscientific theory that holds that one's ideas may directly alter one's life, is the foundation of her book The Secret. She authored a number of the book's sequels, including *The Power* and *The Magic.*
## References
Booba (TV series)

**Booba** is an animated TV show for children. It is produced by 3D Sparrow, an independent animation based in the United Kingdom, which serves as the in-house production company for the Dubai-based entertainment company Kedoo. The show was on its fifth season by 2024. and was intended for children one to three years of age. Each episode is a few minutes long. and broadcasting deals expanded the cartoon to Netflix, as well as to broadcasters in Turkey, Latin America, Poland, and elsewhere. 

While Booba is aired in more than 45 countries, the shows are typically released on YouTube first. It's also on free, ad-supported "FAST channels". or 20 billion by 2024.

## Related media
In addition to the main series, another short called Food Puzzle was introduced with season 3. A live-action version where Booba visits the real world, called The Booba Show, came out in 2024.

## References
## External links
* Official Website
* Booba at IMDb
* Official YouTube Channel
Gurb

**Gurb** is a municipality in the province of Barcelona, in the autonomous community of Catalonia, in Spain.
Ōharae-shiki

2006, at Daiichi-Torii-Nai-Haraedo, Naiku]]

The  is a Shinto purification ritual. It is in a group of purification rituals called *harae.* The Japanese name means "Great Purification". It is also called the . People say the *Ōharae no Kotoba* prayer during the ritual.

The ritual is performed twice a year on June 30 and December 30 at several shrines. It is also done by people to repent for sins. People also do it at the , and when an unmarried prince or princess visits Ise Grand Shrine or the Kamo Shrines. People sometimes do the December 30 ritual on New Year's Eve instead.

## References
Yung Fazo

**Fazan Munshi** (born April 14, 2005)  known professionally as **Yung Fazo**, is an American rapper and singer from New York.  He was gaining popularity after his 2021 song "Adding” with SoFaygo, which went viral on the social media TikTok  and also currently at over 50 million streams on Spotify in 2025 of February.
## References
## External links
*Yung Fazo's discography at Discogs
Detroit Rock City

"**Detroit Rock City**" is a 1976 song by American rock band Kiss and was taken from their fourth studio album *Destroyer*. It went to number 99 in Canada.

## References
AICEL Shura Hall

is a community centre in Fujiidera.  AICEL stands for **A**ctivity, **I**nformation, **C**onsultation, **E**xchange, and **L**earning.

It is to the west of ''''''  an ancient tomb (Kofun) of the  where Emperor Chūai is buried.

## Related pages 
* Mozu Tombs
## References
Visions (Cliff Richard song)

"**Visions**" is a 1966 song by Cliff Richard. It went to number 7 in the United Kingdom, number 4 in New Zealand, number 9 in Ireland and number 1 in Israel, Malaysia and Singapore.

## References
Whittier

**Whittier** may refer to:

## Places
*Whittier, Alaska
**Whittier Airport
*Whittier, California, named for John Greenleaf Whittier
**Whittier College, a private liberal arts college
*** Whittier Law School
**Whittier High School
**Whittier Hills, a local name for the western end of the Puente Hills
**Whittier Narrows, a water gap between the Puente Hills and the Montebello Hills
*Whittier, Denver, a neighborhood in Denver, Colorado
*Whittier, Iowa
*Whittier, Minneapolis, a neighborhood in Minneapolis, Minnesota
*Whittier, North Carolina

## People with the surname
*Charles A. Whittier (1840–1908), American Civil War Union brevet brigadier general
*Edward N. Whittier (1840–1902), American soldier
*Helen Augusta Whittier (1846–1925), American editor, lecturer, teacher, clubwoman, businesswoman
*John Greenleaf Whittier (1807–1892), American poet and abolitionist
*Max Whittier (1867–1928), American real estate developer
*Nancy Whittier (born 1966), sociologist
*Pauline Whittier (1876–1946), American golfer
*Sumner G. Whittier (1911–2010), American politician from Massachusetts

## Fictional characters
*Whittier Smith, main protagonist of the film *Bring It On Again*, played by Anne Judson-Yager
*Pollyanna Whittier, title character of Eleanor H. Porter's novel *Pollyanna* (1913)

## Other uses
*The Whittier, a high rise residential complex and former hotel in Detroit, Michigan
*Whittier Line, a former Pacific Electric train route in California
*Whittier Fire, a 2017 wildfire in Santa Barbara County, California
*Whittier Boulevard, a street in Los Angeles, California
*Whittier (horse), an Australian Thoroughbred race horse

## See also
*Mount Whittier (disambiguation)
*Whittier House (disambiguation)
Hostel (2005 movie)

***Hostel*** is a 2005 horror movie directed by Eli Roth. It is known for its intense and graphic content, and it is part of the horror genre that gained popularity in the early 2000s. The movie follows a group of backpackers who travel to Slovakia, Europe and find themselves kidnapped and subjected to sadistic torture in a secretive hostel. The movie is often associated with the "torture porn" subgenre due to its graphic violence and horror elements.

It was then followed by the sequels *Hostel: Part II* (2007) and *Hostel: Part III* (2011).

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
The Conjuring Universe

'''*The Conjuring* Universe'* is an American horror franchise created by filmmaker James Wan. It consists of interconnected movies that explore supernatural and paranormal stories based on real-life events and cases investigated by renowned demonologists Ed and Lorraine Warren. The universe includes several movies, both released and upcoming, that delve into haunted locations, demonic possessions, and terrifying experiences.

## Movies 
* *The Conjuring* (2013)

* *The Conjuring 2* (2016)

* *The Conjuring: The Devil Made Me Do It* (2021)

* *The Conjuring: Last Rites* (2025)

### Spin-offs and related movies 
* *Annabelle* (2014)

* *Annabelle: Creation* (2017)

* *The Nun* (2018)

* *Annabelle Comes Home* (2019)

* *The Nun II'' (2023)

## Themes 
The franchise is known for its chilling atmosphere, supernatural horror elements, and a focus on the Warrens' real-life investigations. It combines elements of folklore, religious themes, and psychological horror.

## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Wes Bentley

**Wes Bentley** (born September 4, 1978) is an American actor known for his versatile performances in film and television. He gained fame for his role as Ricky Fitts in the film *American Beauty* and has appeared in movies such as *Ghost Rider*, *The Hunger Games*, *Interstellar*, and *Mission: Impossible – Fallout*. Bentley is recognized for his intense acting style and expressive presence on screen.

## References
## Other websites
*
Alessandro Nivola

**Alessandro Antine Nivola** (born June 28, 1972) is an American actor known for his work in movie and television. Nivola has appeared in numerous acclaimed movies such as *Jurassic Park III*, *The International*, *Selma*, and *Disobedience*. He is also recognized for his performances in independent films and has received praise for his versatility and depth as an actor.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Duela Dent

**Duela Dent**, also known as the **Joker**''''s Daughter**, **Catgirl the Catwoman's Daughter**, **Scarecrone the Scarecrow's Daughter**, the **Riddler's Daughter**, the **Penguin's Daughter**, the **Card Queen**, and **Harlequin'*, is a fictional character in the DC Comics universe.

## Publication history 
She first appeared in *Batman Family* #6 in 1976. 

## Fictional character biography 
Duela is often depicted as a villain and has a complex, multi-faceted personality. She is known for her distinctive appearance, often wearing a jester or harlequin costume, and has been associated with various villainous groups, including the Teen Titans and the Suicide Squad.

Her backstory varies depending on the storyline, but she is frequently portrayed as the daughter of the villainous team the Mad Hatter or as someone with multiple identities and connections to different characters in the DC Universe. Duela Dent is a character with a mysterious and sometimes unstable personality, making her a compelling and unpredictable figure in the stories she appears in.

## Powers and abilities 
Duela Dent is an expert at acrobatics and armed combat.

## In other media 
Alessandra Torresani portrayed Duela Dent in the Arrowverse series *Batwoman*. Olivia Rose Keegan portrays Duela in *Gotham Knights''.
Karl Schott

**Karl Schott** (* 11 August 1906 in Vienna; † 18 July 1985 in Vienna) was an Austrian football player.
## Career 
Schott's first club was the fourth-division Stammersdorf. In 1925 he was transferred to SK Admira Wien. His debut for the first team was on the final matchday of the 1924/25 season. By the following season, he had already secured a regular starting position as a left wing-back, a role he would maintain throughout Admira's successful 1920s. In 1927 the club secured their first league title in its history. Schott was one of three players to feature in every single Admira match. The following season, the team dended their title. They also won the Austrian Cup (ÖFB-Cup) with a 2-1 victory against Wiener AC and reached the Mitropa Cup semi-finals.

Three consecutive runner-up finishes followed before Schott left the club in 1931 and joined Brigittenauer AC, who had just been promoted to the top division. After just one season, he moved again, this time to another newly promoted first-division team, FC Libertas Wien, with whom he also managed to stay in the league. Schott then transferred to French second-division side FC Mulhouse, where he achieved promotion to Division 1 He  played there  until 1935.

## International 
He made his debut for the national team in November 1927 in a 0-1 defeat against Italy. For the next two years he was a regular starter in midfield before losing his place to Johann Luef. He would only wear the national team jersey once more, in the Nations Cup match against Italy in February 1931. In total, he made ten appearances for Austria.
## International statistics
## Honours 
* 2 Austrian Champions (Football): 1927, 1928
*1 Austrian Cup Winner: 1928
*10 caps for the Austrian national football team: 1927–1931
## References
Fly by Night (Rush song)

"**Fly by Night**" is a 1975 song by Canadian progressive rock band Rush and is the title track to their second studio album *Fly by Night*.

## References
Non (character)

**Non** is a DC Comics supervillain and a recurring adversary of Superman, often depicted as a powerful alien with immense strength and durability.

## Publication history 
He first appeared in the 1978 movie *Superman*, portrayed by Jack O'Halloran, and first appeared in comics in *Action Comics* #845 (January 2007).

## Character biography 
He is a member of the New Gods and is typically portrayed as an antagonist working alongside other villains like Darkseid.

## Powers and abilities 
Non possesses the average abilities of a Kryptonian, including superhuman strength, speed, flight, super-vision, and super-hearing, and vulnerabilities to Kryptonite and red sun radiation. Furthermore, his low intelligence can be exploited.

## In other media 
In television, the character was portrayed by Chris Vance in the Arrowverse series *Supergirl*.
List of programs distributed on Universal Kids

This is a list of programs that currently air and formerly aired on Universal Kids.
## Current programming
*1 Also aired on NBC Kids.
*2 Also aired on MiTelemundo.

### Original programming
#### Animated
#### Live-action
#### Preschool
### Acquired programming
#### Animated
#### Preschool
### Programming from PBS Kids
### Short-form programming
## Former programming
### Original programming
#### Live-action
#### Preschool
### Acquired programming
#### Live-action
#### Preschool
### Programming from PBS Kids
### Short-form programming
### Blocks
## References
Nea Ionia

Nea Ionia is a suburb/town in Athens, Greece.

The modern town was built in the 1920s after the Greco-Turkish war, and is named after the region of Ionia in what is now the western coast of Turkey where many people immigrated to the town from.

## References
## Other websites
* City of Nea Ionia official website
Boundless Immigration

**Boundless Immigration Inc.** is a company in the United States that helps people, families, and businesses with immigration. The company uses an online tool that collects information and fills in official government forms.. In 2023, Boundless bought San Francisco-based immigration consulting company Bridge US.

## History 
Boundless Immigration was started in 2017 by Doug Rand, Serdar Sutay, and Xiao Wang.

In 2018, Boundless was a finalist for Fast Company's World Changing Ideas Award and won the Better Business Bureau's Torch Award for Ethics.

In 2020, Boundless bought  RapidVisa, an immigration services company based in Las Vegas. The purchase was partly supported by a $7.5 million funding round. In 2021, Boundless raised $25 million to expand its services. 

In 2023, Boundless bought Bridge US, an immigration consulting company in San Francisco.

Boundless is often cited by big American media, such as *The Washington Post* and *Voice of America*, for its reports on immigration issues.
Cambridgeshire men's cricket team

The **Cambridgeshire** men's cricket team, representing the traditional English county of Cambridgeshire, has had two periods of existence. For much of the 19th century, it was managed by the **Cambridge Town** cricket club, and held first-class status from 1857 to 1871. It stopped playing after the town club was dissolved. The second Cambridgeshire team is the current one, managed by Cambridgeshire County Cricket Club since its foundation in 1891. From 1895, Cambridgeshire has competed in the Minor Counties Championship.

## First-class team
The team was originally formed as Cambridge Town Club sometime before 1817. The town club was active from then until it was dissolved in 1869. At different times, it was also known as Cambridge Union Club (1826&ndash;1833), and as the Cambridge Town and County Club (1844&ndash;1856). From 1848, the town club teams were often called Cambridgeshire. The team names are misleading because it is certain that they all related to the same team; the problem arose from inconsistency in newspaper reports. Whichever name was in use, the team played most of its matches at either Parker's Piece or Fenner's, both in Cambridge. The latter has been the home ground of Cambridge University Cricket Club since 1846.

As Cambridgeshire, the team played in 36 first-class matches between May 1857 and August 1868. During that period, Cambridgeshire was one of the strongest county teams. Three of its players&mdash;Robert Carpenter, Alfred Diver, and Thomas Hayward&mdash;were members of the 1859 England team. Another, George Tarrant, was in the England team that toured Australia in 1864.

After the town club was dissolved in 1869, Carpenter tried to keep the county team going and arranged two more first-class matches. The first was against Yorkshire in July 1869, and the second against Surrey in June 1871. In 2025, the team played in Eastern Division One of the National Counties Championship.

Until 1939, the team played most of its home matches at Fenner's. When cricket resumed after World War II, only occasional matches were played there, with only a handful from 2001, and the last to date in 2018. The team now plays at various grounds in or near the county, in places like March, Peterborough, Saffron Walden, Sawston, and Wisbech.

## References
## Bibliography
* 
* 
*
List of programs distributed on Sprout

This is a list of programs currently and formerly broadcast by Sprout.
## Current programming
### Original programming
### Acquired programming
### Programming from PBS Kids
### Short series
### Blocks
## Upcoming programming
### Original programming
### Programming for PBS Kids
## Former programming 
### Original programming
### Acquired programming
### Programming from PBS Kids
### Short series
### Blocks
## References
Alfred Hörtnagl

Alfred Hörtnagl (* 24 September 1966 in Matrei am Brenner) is a former Austrian football player.
## Career 
At the age of 19 years he made made his debut for the first team of  SSW Innsbruck in the Bundesliga. Hörtnagl played in the last seven games of the 1984/85 season. In the following years, he was a key player for the team. Especially under Ernst Happel he played a crucial role in FC Swarovski Tirol's great successes – the double in 1989 and the league title in 1990. Hörtnagl celebrated another national title in the 1992/93 season, winning the cup. Under the new coach Horst Köppel, Hörtnagl was no longer part of FC Tirol's squad. In the autumn, he joined Rapid, but was not truly happy in Vienna. He moved to SK Sturm Graz for two years. In the summer of 1996, he  moved to Greece. After one yearhe moved on to Cyprus.

In the winter of 1997/98, when FC Tirol Innsbruck was in a severe sporting crisis, Peter Koncilia brought him back to Austria. Under coach Cipro and later under Kurt Jara, he became one of the best defensive midfielders in Austria. He was a key player in FC Tirol Innsbruck's great successes from 2000 to 2002. After the club's bankruptcy in the summer of 2002, he and Robert Wazinger were the only members of the championship-winning team to contribute to the fresh start as FC Wacker Tirol. Within two years, they managed to return to the Bundesliga. In the 2004/05 season, Alfred Hörtnagl also served as sporting director and player. Due to differing opinions about the future of FC Wacker Tirol, he and Wacker Tirol parted ways at the end of the 2004/05 season. In the summer of 2005 he ended his active career as a professional footballer after 20 years.

## International 
He debuted on 31 May 1989 in a 4-1 win versus Norway. With the Austrian national team, he qualified for the 1990 World Cup in Italy.  No longer selected by coaches Dietmar Constantini, Ernst Happel  and Herbert Prohaska, he made a comeback under Otto Barić in 1999 and made a few appearances.
## International statistics
:''Scores and results list Austria's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Hörtnagl goal.''

## Honours 
* 5 × Austrian champion: 1989, 1990 (FC Swarovski Tirol) 2000, 2001, 2002 (FC Tirol Innsbruck)
* 3 × Austrian Cup: 1989 (FC Swarovski Tirol), 1993 (FC Wacker Innsbruck), 1996 (SK Sturm Graz)
* Participation in the 1990 FIFA World Cup
*27 matches for the   ÖFB

## References
Silva Method

The **Silva Method** is a meditation and self-help program created by José Silva. It claims to improve a person's capacity through relaxation, raise the intelligence quotient, develop higher brain functions, use the mind to cure the body, and develop psychic powers like clairvoyance.

It has been condemned as pseudoscience and has been categorised as a self-religion, a new religious movement, and a cult.

## Biography of José Silva
José Silva (August 11, 1914- February 7, 1999), was an American electronics repairman who grew up in Laredo, Texas. In an attempt to improve his children's IQ, he became interested in psychology. Silva made the decision to find out more about the development of psychic skills after conducting experiments and his daughter's unexpected clairvoyance.

Silva started creating his technique, which was called **Silva Mind Control**, in 1944.  Before making it publicly available in the 1960s, he used it on his friends and family.

A biography of Silva was published in 1990.

## Technique 
The method seeks to reach and maintain a mental state known as the alpha state, in which the frequency of the brainwave is between seven and fourteen Hz. Daydreaming and the transition to a state of falling asleep are alpha states.

Silva claimed to have created a method that taught individuals how to achieve specific increased awareness levels in their brains.  He also said that he had created a number of methodical mental techniques that could be applied during these moments, enabling a person to mentally project with a particular goal. Silva claimed that the mind can be projected to see far-off places or objects or to communicate with higher intelligence for guidance. The projected mind is then said to understand the information as ideas, images, feelings, scents, tastes, and sounds. Problems can be solved by using the knowledge gathered in this way.

## See also 
* Autosuggestion
* Extra-sensory perception
* Visualization
* Remote viewing
* Samyama
* Self-help

## References
## External links 
* Silva Method Case Working Site
* The Silva Method official website
* The Silva Method Official Partners
Elizabeth Franz

**Elizabeth Jean Frankovitch** (June 18, 1941 – November 4, 2025), known professionally as **Elizabeth Franz**, was an American actress. She was born in Akron, Ohio. Her career began in 1981 and she retired in 2015. She was in many Broadway shows. She was known for her roles in Sam Shepard play *Buried Child* and Frank McGuinness's *Bird Sanctuary*. In 1999, she won a Tony Award for her role in *Death of a Salesman*.

Franz also appeared in ''Long Day's Journey into Night*, *The Glass Menagerie*, *The Comedy of Errors*, *Madwoman of Chaillot*, *The Lion in Winter*, *A View from the Bridge*, *The Matchmaker*, *The Wizard of Oz*, *Great Expectations*, *The Model Apartment*, and *Woman in Mind*. 

Franz died from an allergic reaction caused by her cancer treatment on November 4, 2025, in Woodbury, Connecticut, at the age of 84.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* *The Piano Teacher'' (review), nytimes.com; accessed November 8, 2016.
Dave Anderson (rower)

**David Rollo Anderson** (8 April 1932 – 5 November 2025) was an Australian rower. He competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics, the 1954 Commonwealth Games and in the 1956 Summer Olympics. He won a bronze medal at the 1952 Olympics.

## References
Michèle Audin

**Michèle Audin** (3 January 1954 – 14 November 2025) was a French mathematician, writer, and a professor. She worked as a professor at the University of Geneva, the University of Paris-Saclay and at the University of Strasbourg. She did research the area of symplectic geometry.

Audin died on 14 November 2025 in Strasbourg, France from an illness at the age of 71.

## References
## Other websites
* Page about Michèle Audin on the Website of l'IRMA 
* Page about Michèle Audin on the official Website of l'Oulipo
* Michèle Audin, *Publier sous l’Occupation. Autour du cas de Jacques Feldbau et de l’académie des sciences* 
* Michèle Audin, *La vérité sur la Poldévie* 
* Michèle Audin, *Carrés imparfaits* 
*
Halocarbon

A **halocarbon** is an organic compound that has halogen atoms: usually fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. Organoastatine compounds are only rarely made  They are also called **organohalides**.

In organic chemistry, the letter X is often used in a chemical formula to mean "any halogen". The most general formula for a halocarbon is : any organic group R and any halogen X.

For specific halocarbons, see
* Organofluorine chemistry
* Organochlorine chemistry
* Organobromine chemistry
* Organoiodine chemistry
* Organoastatine chemistry
Alice Wong (activist)

**Alice Wong** (March 27, 1974November 14, 2025) was an American disability rights activist and writer. She was a well known activist in the disabled community. Her career focused on challenging systemic ableism through stories and community organizing. In 2013, President Barack Obama named her to be a member of the National Council on Disability. She also wrote a memoir, books and was an editor.

She was born with spinal muscular atrophy, a neuromuscular disorder.

Wong died of an infection at a hospital in San Francisco, California on November 14, 2025 at the age of 51.

## References
## Other websites
* "*Finding Dory*, Disability Culture, and Collective Access". Disability Visibility Project. Retrieved March 9, 2019.
* Disability Visibility podcast
*
Aseefa Bhutto Zardari

**Aseefa Bhutto Zardari** (born 3 February 1993) is a Pakistani politician who is a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan. She is the youngest daughter of Asif Ali Zardari, the current President of Pakistan, and Benazir Bhutto, the former Prime Minister of Pakistan.

Aseefa was born to Asif Ali Zardari, and his wife, Benazir Bhutto, on 3 February 1993 in London.

## References
Hark Bohm

**Hark Bohm** (; 18 May 1939 – 14 November 2025) was a German actor, screenwriter, movie director, playwright, novelist, and professor. He was born in Hamburg, Germany. He was known for working with Rainer Werner Fassbinder on many projects. In 2025, Bohm and Fatih Akin released the coming of age movie *Amrum* and the movie was put forward as Germany's entry for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film.

Bohm died on 14 November 2025 in Hamburg, Germany at the age of 86.

## References
## Other websites
*
Diego Causero

**Diego Causero** (13 January 1940 – 14 November 2025) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church. He was a diplomat of the Holy See. From 1992 to 2015, he was the head of the Vatican's diplomatic mission in many African and European countries.

Causero died on 14 November 2025 in Udine, Italy at the age of 85.

## References
Naorem Sanajaoba

**Dr. Naorem Sanajaoba** (29 August 1943 - 14 December 2009) was a jurist, writer, and public thinker from Manipur, India. He was recognized for his contributions to constitutional rights, indigenous studies, and the history of Manipur. Sanajaoba educated students in law and political science, wrote many important books, and gained considerable respect as one of Manipur's most productive scholars in the late 20th century. He later obtained a PhD and began teaching law in 1976, ultimately becoming Head of the Department and subsequently Dean of the School of Law at Gauhati University.

## Career 
Sanajaoba became part of the teaching staff in Manipur, gaining recognition for integrating legal studies with historical and cultural investigations. He devoted significant effort to human rights, constitutional law, and ethnic relations in Northeast India.

He authored and edited several books, including multiple volumes of *Manipur: Past and Present* and the monograph *Roots Beyond Roots*.

His creations frequently examined the historical identity of Manipur, the political development of the area, and the rights of native populations. Numerous works of his evolved into key resources for researchers and learners of Manipuri history and legal studies.

In addition to writing, he submitted articles to journals and gave lectures throughout Manipur, earning recognition as a significant public intellectual.

## Death 
Naorem Sanajaoba passed away on 14 December 2009 in Imphal.

After his death, many organizations, scholars, and public figures offered their condolences, acknowledging his impact on academia and public service in Manipur.

## Selected works 
* *Manipur: Past and Present* (multiple volumes)
* *Roots Beyond Roots*
* Essays on constitutional law, human rights, and indigenous communities
* Articles in various Manipuri journals and newspapers

## References
Katie Wilson

**Katherine Barrett Wilson** (born July 12, 1982) is an American politician, activist, community organizer and writer who is the mayor-elect of Seattle. Wilson is the co-founder and executive director of the Transit Riders Union.

In August 2025, Wilson came in first in the primary for the 2025 mayoral election. She advanced to the general election with incumbent mayor Bruce Harrell. She would beat Harrell by a small number of votes. She will be the city's first millennial mayor.

## References
Saalumarada Thimmakka

**Saalumarada Thimmakka** (died 14 November 2025), also known as **Aala Marada Thimmakka**, was an Indian environmentalist. She was known for her work in planting and taking care of 385 banyan trees along a  stretch of highway between Hulikal and Kudur, Ramanagara district. She also planted nearly 8,000 other trees. For her work, she was honored with the Padma Shri in 2019. A United States-based environmental organisation in Los Angeles and Oakland, California called ''Thimmakka's Resources for Environmental Education'' is named after her.

Thimmakka was said to have been born on 30 June 1911, although some sources have claimed she was born around 1928.

Thimmakka died at a hospital in Bengaluru, India from respiratory failure on 14 November 2025, at the claimed age of 114.

## References
Stoyan Yordanov

**Stoyan Ivanov Yordanov** (; 29 January 1944 – 14 November 2025) was a Bulgarian footballer. He played as a goalkeeper. Yordanov represented the Bulgaria national team between 1968 and 1975. He won a silver medal at the 1968 Summer Olympics. He also managed the Bulgaria U21 team.

## References
## Other websites
*
Gérard Hausser

**Gérard Hausser** (28 October 1941 – 16 November 2025) was a French footballer. During his career he played for RC Strasbourg (1959–67, 1971–74), Karlsruher SC (1967–68), and FC Metz (1968–71). He made 14 appearances for the France national football team from 1965 to 1966, and played in the 1966 FIFA World Cup.

Hausser died in Strasbourg, France on 16 November 2025 at the age of 84.

## References
## Other websites
*Gérard Hausser at the French federation official site 
*Profile 
*
Philippe Taquet

**Philippe Taquet** (25 April 1940 – 16 November 2025) was a French paleontologist. His works focused on dinosaurs in northern Africa. He was a member of the French Academy of Sciences, having been elected in 2004. He was president of the academy from 2012 until his death. He studied and described a many new dinosaur species from Africa. He was born in Saint-Quentin, Aisne, France.

Taquet died on 16 November 2025 in Paris, France at the age of 85.

## References
Leptodactylus luctator

The **wrestler frog** (*Leptodactylus luctator*) is a frog.  It lives in Brazil, Bolivia, Uruguay, and Argentina.

## Home
These frogs live in many places. People have seen it in grassy places, dry places, forests, outside forests, ponds, lakes, and next to rivers. It is good at living in places that human beings have changed. People sometimes see it in gardens. Scientists saw the frog between 0 and 1000 meters above sea level.

Scientists saw the frog in many protected places.

## Humans
Sometimes human beings eat this frog.

## Young
The frog makes a nest out of bubbles for its eggs. The foam nest stays on the top of the water. After the tadpoles hatch, they swim together in groups.

## Danger
Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is not in danger of dying out. In some places, frogs might be in danger when human beings cut down trees to get wood to build with or make farms. People also catch this frog to eat.

## References
Katharine Graham

**Katharine Meyer Graham** (June 16, 1917 – July 17, 2001) was an American newspaper publisher. She led her family's newspaper, *The Washington Post*, from 1963 to 1991. 

Graham was known for her leadership of *The Washington Post* during the Watergate scandal, the resignation of President Richard Nixon and the release of the Pentagon Papers. She was one of the first 20th-century female publishers of a major American newspaper and the first woman elected to the board of the Associated Press. 

Graham's memoir, *Personal History*, won the Pulitzer Prize in 1998.

Graham died on July 17, 2001 from problems caused by a fall at a hospital in Boise, Idaho at the age of 84.

## References
## Other websites
*
*Charlie Rose's interview with Katharine Graham, year-1997 
*
*
Mental image

A **mental image** according to the philosophy of mind, neuroscience, and cognitive science, is an experience that, in most cases, closely resembles the experience of "perceiving" an object, event, or scene but happens when the relevant object, event, or scene is not actually present to the senses. Mental imagery can occasionally be dynamic, phantasmagoric, and involuntary, frequently presenting identifiable objects or actions, spilling over from waking events, or defying perception, presenting a kaleidoscopic field in which no distinct object can be discerned. This is especially true when falling asleep (hypnagogic imagery) and waking up (hypnopompic imagery). Sometimes the effects of mental images are identical to those of the imagined behaviour or experience..

In philosophy, psychology, cognitive science, and, more recently, neuroscience, the nature of these experiences, what makes them possible, and their function (if any) have long been the focus of study and debate.  According to modern scholars, information from every source of sensory input can be included in mental images or imagery; for example, one may encounter auditory images, images of smells, and so on, but most philosophical and scientific studies on the subject concentrate on *visual* mental imagery.  It has occasionally been believed that certain animals have the same mental imagery as humans. It has been challenging to determine whether or not non-human animals experience mental images because the phenomenon is essentially introspective (reflective).

Early experimental psychologists like Wilhelm Wundt and William James, as well as philosophers like George Berkeley and David Hume, saw ideas as mental images in general.  Nowadays, a lot of imagery is thought to serve as mental representations (or mental models), which are crucial for memory and cognition. According to William Brant (2013, p. 12), the term "mental images" was first used in science in a speech titled "Scientific Use of the Imagination" by John Tyndall in 1870.  According to others, images are best understood as a type of interior, mental, or brain representation by definition. Others disagree with the idea that any such mental or brain representation could be the same as (or directly generated by) the picture experience, but fail to consider the non-representational forms of imagery.

## References
Fluoromethane

**Fluoromethane**, also called **methyl fluoride**, is a hydrofluorocarbon, a chemical made only of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and fluorine. It is a molecule of methane where one one hydrogen atom has been replaced by a fluorine atom. It has the chemical formula .

Fluoromethane was the first organofluorine compound found by chemists.

## References
Totowa, New Jersey

**Totowa** () is a borough in Passaic County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 11,065.

## References
I'm a Celebrity…Get Me Out of Here! (British TV series 24)

''I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!'' returned for its twenty-fourth series on 17 November 2024 on ITV. The series was again filmed in Murwillumbah, New South Wales, with Ant & Dec returning to present the series. It was also confirmed that the show's spin-off would return, four years after being axed. It was given the new title ''I'm a Celebrity: Unpacked'' and was presented by Joel Dommett, alongside Sam Thompson and Kemi Rodgers.

On 8 December 2024, Danny Jones was declared the winner of the series, and ultimately the new "King of the Jungle", with Coleen Rooney and Rev. Richard Coles finishing in second and third place respectively. Jones is notably the second member of McFly to win the series, following his bandmate Dougie Poynter, who won the series in 2011.

## References
Derivative (chemistry)

In chemistry, a **derivative** is a chemical compound related to a different, usually simpler, compound called its **parent compound**. The term has different meanings in specific contexts, but normally refers to a chemical that is made by replacing a small part of the parent without making big changes to its shape or structure.
Perfluoro acid

**Perfluoro acids** or **perfluoroalkyl acids** are perfluorinated versions of organic acids. Perfluoro acids have historically been used in many industries, but they have become less popular because of links to cancer and environmental concerns about non-degradable "forever chemicals".

These acids are usually stronger than the non-fluorinated acids. This makes their conjugate bases very weak, which is how they are normally used.

## Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids 
**Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids**, abbreviated **PFCAs**, are perfluoro derivatives of carboxylic acids. Perfluorooctanoic acid is a famous PFCA.

## Perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids 
**Perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids**, abbreviated **PFSAs**, are perfluoro derivatives of sulfonic acids. Triflic acid, one of the strongest known acids, is a PFSA.
Perfluorooctanoic acid

**Perfluorooctanoic acid**, also called **PFOA**, is an organic compound with the chemical formula . PFOA was used as a surfactant (a chemical that helps mix other chemicals together) and plasticiser (a chemical that helps polymers be more flexible). Use of PFOA is decreasing because of environmental concerns and links to cancer.

## Preparation 
Like most perfluoro acids, PFOA can be made by electrochemical fluorination of a parent organic acid. For PFOA, this parent is octanoic acid or its acid chloride, octanoyl chloride. It can also be prepared by telomerization of tetrafluoroethylene.

## Sources
Washington's 1st congressional district

'''Washington's 1st congressional district''' is made up of parts of King and Snohomish counties. The district covers several cities in the north of the Seattle metropolitan area, east of Interstate 5, including parts of Bellevue, Marysville, and up north toward Arlington.

## References
Washington's 2nd congressional district

'''Washington's 2nd congressional district''' includes all of Island, San Juan, Skagit, and Whatcom counties, as well as coastal western Snohomish County. It stretches from Bellingham and the Canada–United States border in the north down to the Skagit/Snohomish county line, with a narrow strip along the coast running down to Lynnwood and the King/Snohomish county line in the south. Since 2001, it has been represented by Democrat Rick Larsen.

## References
Washougal, Washington

**Washougal** ( ) is a city in Clark County, Washington, United States. The population was 17,039 as of the 2020 census.

## References
Rick Larsen

**Richard Ray Larsen** (born June 15, 1965) is an American politician who has been the United States representative for  since 2001. He is a member of the Democratic Party. Larsen is the ranking member of the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee.

## References
## Other websites
* Congressman Rick Larsen official U.S. House website
* Rick Larsen for Congress

*
Washington's 4th congressional district

'''Washington's 4th congressional district''' is made up of a large area of central Washington, covering the counties of Douglas, Okanogan, Grant, Yakima, Benton, and Klickitat; and parts of Adams and Franklin counties. 

With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of R+10, it is the most Republican district in Washington.

## References
Youth system

In sports, a **youth system** (also known as a **youth academy**) is a program to train young players in a team or league. The goal of a youth system is to get young players ready to be  to the main team, if they show enough . 

## Other pages
*Reserve team

## References
Washington's 3rd congressional district

'''Washington's 3rd congressional district''' is made up of the southernmost portion of Western Washington. It includes the counties of Lewis, Pacific, Wahkiakum, Cowlitz, Clark, and Skamania; as well as a small portion of southern Thurston county. 

The district is represented by Democrat Marie Gluesenkamp Perez.

The district was one of 13 congressional districts that voted for Donald Trump in the 2024 presidential election while electing a Democrat in the 2024 House of Representatives elections.

## References