open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Jeff Ross

**Jeffrey Ross Lifschultz** (born September 13, 1965), better known as **Jeff Ross**, is an American stand-up comedian, actor and author. He is known for his insult-style of comedy, leading to his nickname "The Roastmaster General". He has had many appearances on Comedy Central's roast specials, aiming insults and jokes at celebrities. He has acted in television series such as *Where My Dogs At?*, *CSI: Crime Scene Investigation*, *Six Feet Under* and *Weeds*. Ross was also a competitor on the seventh season of *Dancing with the Stars* where he danced with Edyta Śliwińska. They were the first ones eliminated.

Ross was born in Springfield, New Jersey to a Jewish family. He is a Democrat.

## References
## Official website
* 
*
Sulphur Springs, Texas

**Sulphur Springs** is a city in Hopkins County, Texas, United States. The population of Sulphur Springs was 15,941 in 2020. Sulphur Springs was founded in 1854.

## References 
## Other websites
*The city of Sulphur Springs Official website
George Takei

**George Hosato Takei Altman** (born April 20, 1937 in Los Angeles, California) is an American actor. He is known for playing *Hikaru Sulu* in the television series, *Star Trek*. His parents were of Japanese origin. In 2005, he said that he is homosexual during an interview with *Frontiers* magazine and that he was in a relationship with his partner of eighteen years, Brad Altman.

## References
Gonzalo Zárate

**Gonzalo Eulogio Zárate** (born 6 August 1984 in Rosario, Santa Fe) is a retired Argentine footballer who played as a forward.

He started playing football in the youth teams of CA Lanús und CA Tiro Federal. Zarate played his first professional matches in the second league of Argentina for PCC San José. In 2007 he went to Switzerland playing for SC Kriens (Second League), scoring five goals in five matches. Then he went on loan to Grasshopper-Club Zürich, who then bought him in 2010. He scored 14 goals in 2009–10 and was the most successful scorer in the team. In May 2010 he signed  with FC Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga.

In September 2019, Zárate joined Swiss Promotion League club FC Black Stars Basel. After retiring, Zárate was hired as a youth coach at Grasshopper Club Zürich.

## Career statistics
## Honours
;FC Red Bull Salzburg
***Austrian Football Bundesliga:** 2012
***Austrian Cup**: 2012

;FC Vaduz
***Liechtenstein Football Cup**: 2016-17

## References
## Other websites 
*FC Red Bull Salzburg Homepage:Gonzalo Zarate
Spyro: Enter the Dragonfly

***Spyro: Enter the Dragonfly*** (also called **Spyro 4**) is a platform video game that was published by Universal Interactive. The video game was released for the PlayStation 2 video game system. The video game was released on November 3, 2002, in North America, November 29, 2002, in Europe and on December 13, 2002, in Australia for the PlayStation 2 and was released for the GameCube on November 8, 2002, in North America, November 29, 2002, in Europe and on December 13, 2002, in Australia.

## Ratings
* PlayStation
** 2.8 out of 10 (GameSpot)
** 6.0 out of 10 (IGN)
* GameCube
** 3.2 out of 10 (GameSpot)
** 6.0 out of 10 (IGN)

Even though the game got bad reviews, it sold enough copies that it was named as a Greatest Hits (Platinum Edition in Europe) status on the PlayStation 2 and a Player's Choice status on the GameCube.

## Series
It is the fourth game in the *Spyro* video game series and also the first *Spyro* game that was not made by Insomniac Games.
Your Highness

***Your Highness*** is a 2011 fantasy-comedy movie produced by Scott Stuber, Jon Mone, Danny McBride, Mark Huffam and Andrew Z. Davis, and directed by David Gordon Green. It was released on April 8, 2011 in North America. The movie received negative reviews with Rotten Tomatoes giving it a 26% and Metacritic gave it a 31 out of 100.

## Cast 
*Danny McBride as Thadeous
*James Franco as Fabious
*Natalie Portman as Isabel
*Zooey Deschanel as Belladonna
*Justin Theroux as Leezar
*Damian Lewis as Courtney
*Toby Jones as Julie
*Brian Steele
*Charles Dance as The King and father of Thadeous and Fabious
*Rasmus Hardiker as Courtney
*Noah Huntley as Head Knight
*Eva Wyrwal as Dwarf Queen
*Amber Anderson as Maiden

## Other websites
**Your Highness*' Official website 
*
John B. Bibb

Lt. **John B. Bibb** (October 27, 1789, in Prince Edward County, Virginia - April 12, 1840) served in the War of 1812, represented Logan County in the Kentucky House of Representatives and the state Senate from 1827 to 1834.  

Lt. Bibb was also an amateur horticulturist and developed the modern Bibb lettuce at his mansion in Frankfort, Kentucky.  However, it wasn't offered commercially until 1935.

## References
Bing cherry

**Bing** is a cultivar (farmed type) of the wild or sweet cherry (*Prunus avium*) that started in the Pacific Northwest, in Milwaukie, Oregon, United States. The Bing remains a major cultivar in Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia. It is the most produced variety of sweet cherry in the United States. 

### Ah Bing 
Ah Bing was reportedly born in China and immigrated to the U.S. in about 1855. He worked as a foreman in the Lewelling family fruit orchards in Milwaukie for about 35 years, supervising other workers and caring for trees. He went back to China in 1889 for a visit. Due to the restrictions of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 he never returned to the United States. Some say Ah Bing developed the cultivar, others that it was developed by Lewelling and named in Bing's honour due to his long service as orchard foreman.

## Horticultural production 
Bing cherries are used almost exclusively for fresh market. Bings are large, dark and firm cherries that ship well, but will crack open if exposed to rain near harvest.  A wet climate is required for the harvest of the bing cherry.

## Health
Bing cherries are high in anti-oxidants. A study by the United States Department of Agriculture has shown that fresh Bing cherries may help sufferers of arthritis and gout. However, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration warns that these are yet unproven claims.

## References
## Other websites
*All about cherries
Jérôme d'Ambrosio

'''Jérôme d'Ambrosio''' (born 27 December 1985 in Etterbeek, Belgium) is a Belgian racing driver of Italian descent. He one of the drivers for the Marussia Virgin Racing for the 2011 Formula One World Championship.

## Career 
### Karting 
D'Ambrosio began his career in karting, between 1995 and 2002. He was three times Belgian champion, winning the Mini class in 1996, Junior in 2000 and Formula A in 2002. He won the Junior Monaco Kart Cup in 2000, and won World Cup Formula A in 2002.

### Formula Renault 
D'Ambrosio moved into single-seaters in 2003, and won the Belgian Formula Renault (1.6 litre) championship. He also drove in the German-based Formula König championship in 2003. He moved into the French Formula Renault (2-litre) series for 2004. He finished fourth in the series and was top rookie. He switched to the Italian Formula Renault Championship in 2005, and finished fourth. In 2006, he drove in the Formula Renault 3.5 Series, for Tech 1 Racing. He left the series after four rounds and zero points.

During this time, d'Ambrosio also raced in several Eurocup races. In 2006, he raced in the second half of the Euroseries 3000. D'Ambrosio had three podium finishes and finished fifth in the point standings.

### Formula Master 
For 2007, d'Ambrosio took part in the first season of the International Formula Master series. He won five races and scored 100 points. D'Ambrosio became the series's first champion.

### GP2 Series 
 round of the 2009 GP2 Series season.]]

For 2008, d'Ambrosio raced in both the GP2 Series and the new GP2 Asia Series. He finished eleventh in the GP2 drivers' championship. In the 2008-09 GP2 Asia Series season, d'Ambrosio finished second to team-mate Kamui Kobayashi. In the 2009 season, he finished ninth with out wining a single race. In 2010, d'Ambrosio took his first series victory at Monaco. He took his first GP2 pole position at Belgian. He finished twelfth in the drivers' championship.

### Formula One 
 as the team's third driver at the  Japanese Grand Prix.]]

In January 2010, d'Ambrosio was announced as a reserve driver for Renault F1. He replace Lucas di Grassi at Virgin four times for Friday practice: at the Singapore, Japanese, Korean and Brazilian Grands Prix.

On 21 December 2010 Virgin Racing confirmed that d'Ambrosio would race for the team in .

## Racing record 
### Career summary 
### Complete GP2 Series results 
(key) (Races in **bold** indicate pole position) (Races in *italics* indicate fastest lap)

#### Complete GP2 Asia Series results 
(key) (Races in **bold** indicate pole position) (Races in *italics* indicate fastest lap)

### Complete Formula One results 
(key) (Races in **bold** indicate pole position; races in *italics* indicate fastest lap)

## References 
*Career statistics from *driverdb.com*. Retrieved on April 8, 2008.

## Other websites 
*Official website
Baldwin apple

The **Baldwin apple** is a bright red winter apple, very good in quality, and easily shipped. It was for many years the most popular apple in New England, New York, and for export from America.

## History
According to local tradition, the apple was found near Wood Hill by William Butters (1665-1746), son of Will Butter, first white settler in what is now Wilmington, Massachusetts. William Butters raised the tree in his yard, near the present Baldwin Apple Monument *(pictured)*.
]]
According to S. A. Beach's *Apples of New York*, the Baldwin originated soon after 1740 as a chance seedling on the farm of Mr. John Ball of Wilmington, Massachusetts, and for about 40 years thereafter its cultivation was confined to that immediate neighborhood. The farm eventually came into the possession of a Mr. Butters, who gave the name *Woodpecker* to the apple because the tree was frequented by woodpeckers. The apple was long known locally as the *Woodpecker* or *Pecker*. It was also called the *Butters*. Deacon Samuel Thompson, a surveyor of Woburn, Massachusetts, brought it to the attention of Col. Loammi Baldwin of the same town.  Baldwin grew the apple and spread it across eastern Massachusetts. From Col. Baldwin's interest in the variety it came to be called the Baldwin.

A monument to the Baldwin apple now marks the location (on today's Chestnut street in Wilmington). The monument's inscription reads: *This monument marks the site of the first Baldwin Apple Tree found growing wild near here. It fell in the gale of 1815. The apple first known as the Butters, Woodpecker or Pecker apple was named after Col. Loammi Baldwin of Woburn. Erected in 1895 by the Rumford Historical Association.*

A harsh winter in 1934 wiped out many of the Baldwin apple orchards in New England. Its popularity as an eating apple waned, but some orchards were preserved for many years due to its desirability as a mixing apple for cider.  However, the orchards have not been replaced when they played out. Baldwin Apples, unlike many apples, have long been prized for the making of hard cider. "West County Cider" makes Baldwin Cider from trees planted in the early 1900s. It is their most popular cider.
The apple is noted for its particularly small to medium size (ca. 6–8&nbsp;cm), when compared to other apples like the Macintosh.  It is an exceptionally hard apple and would remain remarkably free from blemishes and other blights with few pesticides being needed.  Because of its hardness it shipped well without bruising and for a time was prized for this quality.  Aside from cider making it was also known as an exceptionally good pie apple and due to its hardness would maintain more crispness through the baking than other apples would.

## References 
* S. A. Beach, *The Apples of New York*, J. B. Lyon, Albany, 1905.
Rebecca Black

**Rebecca Renee Black** (born June 21, 1997) is an American singer and YouTuber who became famous for her 2011 single, "Friday". Her single gained around 1,000 views in the first month and has had negative views. After the video saw many views on YouTube and other social media websites, "Friday" expressed unpraise by many music critics and viewers. They described it as "the worst song ever". After the video was uploaded in Youtube on February 10, 2011 and its temporary removal on June 16, 2011, the music video received around 167 million views. Black re-uploaded it to her own YouTube channel in September 2011.

In 2023, Black released her first album *Let Her Burn*. It had mostly positive reviews from critics. She released her second album *Salvation* on February 27, 2025.

## Early life
Rebecca Renee Black was born on June 21, 1997, in Irvine, California. She is the daughter of John Jeffery Black and Georgina Marquez Kelly, who are veterinarians. Her mother is of half Mexican ancestry, and her father is from Iowa, is of Italian, English, and Polish ancestry. She has one younger brother named Chase (born August 25, 1999). Her parents divorced in 2003 when Black was in first grade. Her grandmother lives in Illinois. Black's aunts and uncles live around the United States. and she wanted to avoid insults from her former classmates. She was also failing English class because of her busy schedule.

## Discography
 encrusted chainsaw while performing at Elsewhere in Brooklyn on her 2023 *Let Her Burn* tour.]]
### Studio albums
### Extended plays
### Singles
### Music videos
## Filmography
## Awards and nominations
## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*
* 
*
Chino XL

**Derek Emmanuel Barbosa** (April 8, 1974 – July 28, 2024) was an American rapper and actor better known by his stage name, **Chino XL**. As an actor he has made guest appearances on the television shows *Reno 911!* and *CSI: Miami*, as well as movies with Kate Hudson, Luke Wilson, and Rob Reiner.

## Discography 
### Studio albums 
**Here to Save You All* (1996)
**I Told You So* (2001)
**Poison Pen* (2006)
**Ricanstruction: The Black Rosary* (2012)

### Collaboration albums 
**Something Sacred* (with Playalitical) (2008)
**Gods Carpenter*  (with Stu Bangaz) (2023)

### Extended plays
**Chino vs. Balt* (with Balt Getty) (2020)

### Singles 
* "No Slow Rollin'" with Art of Origin (1992)
* "Un-Rational" with Art of Origin (1993)
* "Purple Hands in the Air / Dark Night of the Bloodspiller" (1994)
* "Kreep" (1996)
* "No Complex / Waiting to Exhale" (1996)
* "Thousands / Freestyle Rhymes" (1996)
* "Deliver" (1996)
* "Rise / Jesus" (1997)
* "Let 'Em Live" (2000)
* "Last Laugh" (2001) Vs  (1998)
* "What You Got / Let 'Em Live" (2001)
* "Don't Run from Me / Warning" (2006)
* "Poison Pen" (2006)
* "Messiah" (2006)
* "Jump Back" (2007)
* "Lick Shots" with Immortal Technique, Crooked I (2008)
* "Chow Down" with Playalitical (2008)
* "N.I.C.E." (2012)
* "Arm Yourself" with DV Alias Khrist, Sick Jacken, Immortal Technique (2012)
* "Kings" with Big Pun (2012)
* "They Don't Know Nothing" with RKZ (2015)
* "March of the Imperial" with D.CrazE the Destroyer (2016)
* "Under the Bridge" with Rama Duke (2018)
* "Ascending To Mytikas" with Fuzzy Ed (2022)

## Filmography 
*''Zane's Sex Chronicles* (TV Series) as Syndicator 2010
**El show* (TV Series) as Professor xl 2008
*"Death Pool 100" episode of *CSI: Miami* as Juan Carlos 2006
**Gang Warz* as Ro Conner 2004
**Reno 911!* (TV Series) as Hymning Perp #3 2004
**The Young and the Restless* (TV Series) as Buzz 2004
**Playas Ball* as Tico 2003
**Alex & Emma* as Tony / Flamenco Dancer #2 2003
**Crime Partners* as Finesse 2003
**The Beat* as Crazy 8 2002
**Vatos* as Vargas 2002
**Barrio Wars'' as Osirus 2002

## Death
On July 28, 2024, Barbosa died after committing suicide by hanging.

## References
## Other websites
* Chino XL's Official website
James Anthony Brown

**James Anthony "Tony" Brown** (born 5 January 1950) is a Manx politician. He is the current Chief Minister of the Isle of Man and Member of the House of Keys for Castletown. 

Tony Brown was educated at Castle Rushen and was an electrician. He owned *Tony Brown Electrics* in Castletown until its closure in 2010. He was elected as a member of Castletown Commissioners (town council) in 1976, becoming Chairman in 1980 before being elected as the Castletown MHK in 1981 at his first attempt. In 2000, he was defeated in his attempt to become Speaker of the House of Keys by David Cannan but instead became the Deputy Speaker.  Following the 2001 General Election, he was elected Speaker and in January 2002, Deputy President of Tynwald.

He was reelected in November 2006 as MHK, beating Roy Redmayne by 915 votes to 335.

## Governmental positions
*Minister of Health and Social Security, 1986–89
*Minister of Local Government and the Environment, 1989–94
*Minister of Tourism and Leisure, 1994–96
*Minister of Transport, 1996–2001
*Chief Minister, 2006–

## Brown Council
## References
David Doyle (judge)

**David Doyle** QC was the First Deemster of the Isle of Man.  He was appointed in 2010  and used to be a partner of in the law firm of Dickinson, Cruickshank & Co from 1985 - 2010.  He was called to the Bar (Gray's Inn) in 1982 and the Manx Bar in 1984.

In November 2010 it was announced that he would take up the position of First Deemster following the death of Michael Kerruish earlier in the year. Doyle was sworn in on December 20, 2010. His appointment ended on July 31st 2018.

## References
Chief Minister of the Isle of Man

The **Chief Minister** (Manx: *Ard-choylargh*) is the executive head of the Isle of Man Government. He is the Prime Minister of the island.

The office comes from that of Chairman of the Executive Council. Before 1980 the Executive Council was chaired by the Lieutenant Governor, but afterwards the chairman was elected by Tynwald, the parliament of the Isle of Man.  The title was changed to "Chief Minister" in 1986.

The Chief Minister is appointed by the Lieutenant Governor on the nomination of Tynwald after a general election of the House of Keys.  He holds office until the next general election (i.e., for 5 years), and is eligible for re-appointment, but may be removed from office by Tynwald on a vote of no confidence in the Council of Ministers.

After the general election in November 2006, Mr John Shimmin MHK, Mr Stephen Rodan MHK (Minister for Health and Social Security) and Mr David Cannan MHK (former Minister for the Treasury) tried to become Chief Minister, but none got enough votes in Tynwald. On a second vote Mr Tony Brown (Speaker of the House of Keys) was nominated unopposed.

## Chief Ministers 
*Miles Walker MHK (December, 1986 - December 3, 1996)
*Donald Gelling MLC (December 3, 1996 - December 4, 2001)
*Richard Corkill MHK (December 4, 2001 - December 14, 2004)
*Allan Bell MHK (December 14, 2004, caretaker as Chairman of the Council of Ministers)
*Donald Gelling MLC (December 14, 2004 - December 14, 2006)
*Tony Brown MHK (December 14, 2006 – Present)

## Elections
## Related pages
*Chief Minister
*Chairman of the Executive Council

## References
Nova Bus

**Nova Bus** (stylized as **NOVABUS**) is a company which makes buses for public transit, and is owned by Volvo. Created in 1993, Nova Bus continued the production of the Classic and Rapid Transit Series models previously made by General Motors and Motor Coach Industries. Nova Buses are used in many cities across North America, including New York, Quebec City, Montreal and Calgary.

Nova Bus has three factories in which the buses are built; Plattsburgh, New York, St-François-du-Lac, Quebec, and St-Eustache, Quebec.

## Buses
Nova Bus has produced seven types of buses, including three which are no longer made.

## References
Deemster

A **deemster** () is a judge in the Isle of Man. The Isle of Man is self-governing. It keeps some of its traditions, and has a long past history.

The High Court of Justice of the Isle of Man is presided over by a deemster. In the appeal division, a deemster and the Judge of Appeal preside.  The deemsters also make the Isle of Man's laws official, by reading them out to the people in English and Manx on Tynwald Day.

The First and Second Deemsters used to have seats in the Legislative Council of the Isle of Man. The Second Deemster lost his seat in 1965, and the First Deemster lost his in 1975.

There are currently three full time Deemsters in the Isle of Man. These are the First Deemster and Clerk of the Rolls (who is also the Deputy Governor), the Second Deemster, and an additional full-time Deemster. Additional deemsters, full-time or part-time, may be appointed from time to time. 

The offices of First Deemster, Second Deemster and Clerk of the Rolls are ancient offices. The offices of First Deemster and Clerk of the Rolls were joined in 1918. A new office of Deputy Deemster was created in 2002, but abolished in 2009. 

The First Deemster, Second Deemster and Judge of Appeal are appointed by the monarch, (acting on the advice of the UK's Secretary of State for Justice). The First Deemster acts in place of the Lieutenant Governor in the latter's absence, or during a vacancy in that office.

## References
## Related pages
* Tynwald

## Other websites
* Isle of Man Courts
Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man

The **Lieutenant Governor** () is the representative on the Isle of Man of the Lord of Mann, who is currently Queen Elizabeth II. He/she has the power to grant Royal Assent and is styled *His Excellency*. 

The official residence of the Governor is Government House, Governor's Road, Onchan.

The Lieutenant Governor had all judicial, fiscal (tax raising) and executive power. In about 1900 they had more power over the island than any other Commonwealth leader had in their colony or Dominion.  However, he lost his role as Head of the Judiciary and as Head of Government in 1961, as President of Legislative Council in 1980 and finally as President of Tynwald in 1990.  Today the role of Lieutenant Governor is mainly ceremonial. Some powers under Isle of Man legislation do still fall to the Governor or Governor-in-Council.

## Proposed change to title
In October 2005 Tynwald wanted to change the title of the Lieutenant Governor to Crown Commissioner.  This proposal was sent to the British Department of Constitutional Affairs  for submission to the Lord of Mann Elizabeth II for approval. However, in April 2006, after much public disapproval, Tynwald rejected their own proposal and withdrew their request for Royal Assent. Thus the Lieutenant Governor will remain as currently titled.

## List of lieutenant governors
*Henry Hope (1773-1775)
*Richard Dawson (1775-1790)
*Alexander Shaw (1790-1804)
*Henry Murray (1804-1805)
*Cornelius Smelt (1805-1832)
*Major General The Honourable John Ready (1832-1845)
*The Honourable Charles Hope (1845-1860)
**Mark Hildesley Quayle (1860) **acting**
*Francis Pigott Stainsby Conant (1860-1863)
**Mark Hildesley Quayle (1863) **acting**
*Sir Henry Brougham Loch KCB, Baron Loch (1863-1882)
*Sir Spencer Walpole (1882-1893)
*Joseph West Ridgeway (1893-1895)
*John Henniker-Major, 5th Baron Henniker (1895-1902)
*George Fitzroy Henry Somerset, 3rd Baron Raglan (1902-1918)
*William Fry (1918-1925)
*Claude Hill (1925-1932)
*Montagu Sherard Dawes Butler (1932-1937)
*Vice Admiral William Spencer Leveson-Gower, the Earl Granville, KG, KCVO, CB, DSO (1937-1945)
*Air Vice Marshal Sir Geoffrey Rhodes Bromet, KBE, CB, DSO (1945-1952)
*Sir Ambrose Dundas Flux Dundas, KCIE, CSI (1952-1959)
*Sir Ronald Herbert Garvey, KCMG, KCVO (1959-1966)
*Sir Peter Hyla Gawne Stallard, KCMG, CVO, MBE (1966-1974)
*Sir John Warburton Paul, GCMG, OBE, MC (1974-1980)
*Rear Admiral Sir Nigel Cecil, KBE, CB (1980-1985)
*Major General Sir Laurence New, CB, CBE (1985-1990)
*Air Marshal Sir Laurence Jones, KCB, AFC (1990-1995)
*Sir Timothy Daunt, KCMG (1995-2000)
*Air Marshal Ian David Macfadyen, CB, OBE (2000-2005)
**Deemster Michael Kerruish QC (2005) **acting**
*Vice Admiral Sir Paul Kenneth Haddacks, KCB (2005-2011)
*Adam Kenneth Compton Wood (2011 - 2016)
*Sir Richard Hugh Turton Gozney, KCMG CVO KStJ (2016-present)

## Related pages
*Governors of the Isle of Man
*King of Mann
*Lord of Mann
Downtown (owarai)

**Downtown** is a popular Japanese comedy duo that features members, Hitoshi Matsumoto and Masatoshi Hamada. They first became a comedy duo in 1983 when they went on Yoshimoto Kōgyō: NSC (New Star Creation). They are known for acting on the television show, Downtown no Gaki no Tsukai ya Arahende!! along with another comedy duo, Cocorico. Matsumoto is the *boke* of the duo and he will often put up with light physical abuse (it is also common for the *tsukkomi* to slap the *boke* on top of his head whenever he says something rude or ridiculous) from Hamada who is the *tsukkomi*. They have also created the televisions series, Downtown no Gottsu Ee Kanji, Downtown DX and Hey! Hey! Hey! Music Champ.

## Other websites
*Downtown's Official website
Coat of arms of the Isle of Man

The **coat of arms of the Isle of Man**, or **The Arms of Her Majesty in right of the Isle of Man** (the formal name as the Isle of Man is a Crown dependency  It has a threefold rotational symmetry.

The traditional arms date back to the 13th century. The arms are recorded in the English ''Walford's Roll*, and *Camden Roll*, as well as the French *Wijbergen Roll*. The Manx triskelion is known in the Manx language as *tre cassyn* "the three legs". The symbol has been associated with the island since at least the 13th century. It has also been suggested that the  *tre cassyn* can be traced to the triquetra in a coin of Amlaíb Cuarán, a 10th-century Norse-Gael warlord who was king of Northumbria and king of Dublin. Lending credibility to this theory is the current belief that the mediaeval Manx dynasty was related to that of Amlaíb Cuarán. However, the gap between the 10th century and late 13th century, when the *tre cassyn* is first recorded, is wide indeed, and it has been noted that several kings from this period are known to have had a galley as their emblem, and not the *tre cassyn*.

Early examples of the symbol are present in the Royal Arms ascribed to the King of Mann in several late 13th century armorials. The *tre cassyn* also appears on the Manx Sword of State, Another example can be seen on a 14th-century stone cross in the churchyard of Maughold. Another is example is a late 14th century seal of Sir William le Scrope, Lord of Mann, in which the *tre cassyn* are depicted in plate armour, rather than mail. Early representations of the *tre cassyn* show the legs running clockwise, and later representations show the legs running in both directions.

### Supporters
The peregrine falcon is derived from the time of King John I of Mann. In 1405, he was granted the Isle of Man, on condition he paid homage to King Henry IV of England, and gave two peregrine falcons to him and every future English king on their Coronation Day. The descendants of John I ruled the Isle of Man until King George III of Great Britain as the Lords of Mann. The presentation of falcons continued on, until the coronation of King George IV, in 1822.

In keeping with the Viking history of the island, the raven featured in Norse mythology. The chief god Odin was accompanied by the two ravens Huginn and Muninn.

### Motto
The motto is *quocunque jeceris stabit*, which is Latin and means: "whichever way you shall have thrown [it], it shall stand". The motto dates to the 17th century, where it is first recorded as being present on Manx coinage dating to the year 1668. It is possible that the motto became associated to the *tre cassyn'' through these coins.

## Related pages
* List of coats of arms of the United Kingdom and dependencies
* Flag of the Isle of Man

## References
László Bodnár

**László Bodnár** (born February 25, 1979 in Mátészalka) is a Hungarian football defender. He is playing for FC Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga.

He started playing professional with VSC Debrecen in Hungary. From 2000 till 2003 he played for Dynamo Kiew and Arsenal Kiew in Ukraine. 2003 he came to Roda JC Kerkrade and 2006 till 2009 to FC Red Bull Salzburg. 2009 he went back to Debrecen and played with the team in the UEFA Champions League group stage. After the year with Debrecen he found no new team but in 2011 he came back to FC Red Bull Salzburg. For Red Bull Salzburg he played 66 matches and scored only two goals but got a lot of assistance points.

László Bodnár played 22 times for the Hungarian football national team, one time he was the captain.

## Honours
* **FC Dynamo Kyiv**
** Premier League: 2001, 2003
*** Runner-up: 2002
** Ukrainian Cup: 2003
*** Runner-up: 2002
** CIS Cup: 2002
* **FC Red Bull Salzburg**
** Austrian Bundesliga: 2007, 2009
*** Runner-up: 2008
* **Debreceni VSC**
** Hungarian National Championship I: 2009–10
** Hungarian Cup: 2009-10
** Hungarian League Cup: 2010
** Hungarian Super Cup: 2010

## Other websites 
* Homepage FC Red Bull Salzburg Laszlo Bodnar
* Fangemeinschaft FC Red Bull Salzburg: Spieler Laszlo Bodnar
Patricia Arquette

**Patricia T. Arquette** (born April 8, 1968) is an American actress and movie director. She played the lead character in the supernatural drama television series *Medium*. She also starred in other TV series and in many movies. She won a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award for her role in *Boyhood* in 2015. Arquette played Mrs. Cobel in the Apple TV+ series *Severance*.

## Early life
Arquette was born in Chicago, Illinois. She is the daughter of Lewis Arquette, an actor, and Brenda Olivia "Mardi" (née Nowak), an actress, poet, theater operator, activist, acting teacher, and therapist. Arquette's mother was Jewish, the daughter of a Holocaust survivor from Poland and Russia. Arquette's father was of English, French-Canadian, German, Irish, Scottish, Swiss and Welsh descent and a convert to Islam from Catholicism, and was related to explorer Meriwether Lewis. Her paternal grandfather was comedian Cliff Arquette; her siblings are actors Rosanna, Alexis, Richmond, and David Arquette.

## References
## Other websites
*
Bell's theorem

'''Bell's theorem''', also called "Bell's inequality," is a thought experiment. When joined with real experiments, it shows there are no hidden variables which can explain some of the consequences of quantum mechanics. This study, closely related to quantum mechanics, was done by John Stewart Bell. 

## Brian Greene's analogy 
The following analogy has been provided by Brian Greene:
Pairs of boxes have been prepared and sent to Earth and on Vulcan. There is something inside that shows a light when a door is opened. If the same doors are opened on both members of the pair, then both lights will be blue or both lights will be red. What if different doors are opened? Maybe the chances that a red light or a blue light shows up were set by the maker of the boxes. Or maybe whether a red light or a blue light shows up depends on an individual coin flip in each box. How can we tell?

In a system that works the way quantum mechanics does, there is a 50% chance that opening any pair of doors (on the gray side, the white side, or the black side of each of the boxes in the schematic diagram) will give rise to a match. For instance, Earth could open the door in the gray side of its box, and Vulcan could open the door in the black side of its box. Quantum physics says that half the time they should get a match. But if the decision to produce a certain color for each of the doors opened is programmed into both boxes, then there is a 55% or greater chance of getting a match. 

Bell argues that because in actual experiments doing the equivalent of "opening different doors" only yields a 50% success rate, there can be no hidden variables in operation that would have "preselected" states for all six alternatives.

The analogy given here follows closely the one used by Brian Greene in *The Fabric of the Cosmos, p. 107ff.

## References 
## Other sources 
*Bell J.S. 1964. *On the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox*. *Physics'', **1**:195-200, reprinted in Bell 1987.

## Related pages 
*EPR paradox
White mustard

**White mustard** is an annual plant.

## Uses 
### Cooking
The yellow flowers of the plant make seed pods, with each pod having a half dozen seeds.  These seeds are ed just before the pods become .

White mustard seeds are hard and round, usually around 1 to 1.5 millimetres, with a color forming from beige or yellow to light brown.

In Greece, the plant's leaves can be eaten during the winter, before it blooms. Greeks call it *vrouves* or *lapsana*.

The blooming season of this plant (February–March) is celebrated in the Mustard Festival.

## References
No Way Out (2004)

**No Way Out (2004)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) for their SmackDown! brand. It took place on February 15, 2004 at the Cow Palace in Daly City, California. It was the sixth No Way Out event held by WWE. Eigjz matches happened on the event's card. The main event between Eddie Guerrero and Brock Lesnar for the WWE Championship was quoted by Kevin Sowers from PWTorch as being "one to remember for a long time".

## Matches 
## References
## Other websites 
*The Official No Way Out Website
*No Way Out at In Demand.com
Gabriel Narutowicz

**Gabriel Joźef Narutowicz** (born 17 March 1865 – 16 December 1922) was a Polish professor of hydroelectric engineering and politician who served as the first President of Poland.

## Death 
On December 16, 1922, only five days after taking office as a first President, Narutowicz was shot three times in the back with a revolver while attending an art exhibit in the Zachęta National Gallery of Art. He was pronounced dead at the scene. The assassin, Eligiusz Niewiadomski, modernist painter and art critic who sympathized with the right-wing National Democracy movement in an art gallery that supported Narutowicz's political enemies. Niewiadomski was sentenced to death in a 1 day trial and executed outside the Warsaw Citadel on January 31, 1923.
Hans Krebs

**Sir Hans Adolf Krebs** (, ; 25 August 1900 – 22 November 1981) was a German Jewish scientist who became a naturalised British citizen. He was a physician and biochemist.

Krebs researched metabolism. He is famous because he discovered the urea cycle and the citric acid cycle (also called the *Krebs Cycle*). Krebs won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for this, in 1953.

## Early years
Krebs was born in Hildesheim, Germany. His mother was Alma Davidson. His father was Georg Krebs. Georg Krebs was an ear, nose, and throat doctor. 

### Education
Krebs studied medicine at the University of Göttingen and the University of Freiburg from 1918–1923. He earned his Ph.D. at the University of Hamburg in 1925. Next, he studied chemistry in Berlin for one year. In Berlin, he helped Otto Warburg at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Biology until 1930.

## Career
Krebs worked as a doctor  in the Altona hospital and at the University of Freiburg. At the University of Freiburg he researched the urea cycle.

Because he was Jewish, Krebs could not be a doctor in Germany. In 1933 he moved to England. He worked at Cambridge with Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins. In Cambridge he researched biochemistry. In 1945 he became a Professor (teacher) at the University of Sheffield.

In 1954 he became a professor in Oxford. After his retirement, Krebs continued work at the Radcliffe Infirmary until his death. He was a fellow of Trinity College in Oxford.

### Honors
In 1953 Krebs received the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the citric acid cycle". He was knighted in 1958. 

Krebs was elected Honorary Fellow of Girton College, Cambridge University in 1979.

## Personal life 
In 1938, Krebs married Margaret Cicely Fieldhouse. They had three children: two boys and a girl: John, Paul and Helen. His son John Krebs was an ornithologist and member of the House of Lords. 

Krebs died in Oxford, England in 1981.

## Timeline
*1900 Born in Germany
*1918 Began medical school
*1923 Graduated from medical school
*1925 Graduated with Ph.D. from University of Hamburg
*1932 Identification of Urea cycle
*1933 Moved to the United Kingdom
*1937 Identification of Citric acid cycle or "Krebs cycle"
*1945 Became a Professor at University of Sheffield
*1953 Won the Nobel Prize
*1958 Knighted
*1981 Died in Oxford, England 

## References
Mechanical advantage

**Mechanical advantage** (also written as **MA** in formulas) is the factor by which a machine multiplies force. The mechanical advantage of a machine can be used to find out how well a machine works and whether it can perform a particular job.

The mechanical advantage of a machine is the ratio of the load (the resistance overcome by a machine) to the effort (the force applied). 

:MA = \frac{\text{output force}}{\text{input force}}

For an ideal (without friction) mechanism, it is also equal to:
:MA = \frac{\text{distance over which effort is applied}}{\text{distance over which the load is moved}}

## Ideal vs actual mechanical advantage 
There are two types of mechanical advantage: ideal and actual.

*Ideal mechanical advantage* (also written as IMA) assumes that no power is lost by friction or other causes. This means the power of the input (load) should equal the power of the output (effort). So, force times speed of the input should equal force times speed of the output.

: P = F_\text{in}v_\text{in}= F_\text{out}v_\text{out}. 
You can calculate ideal mechanical advantage without measuring the forces. It is the distance over which effort is applied, divided by the distance over which the load is moved.

In reality, there is friction, so some of the power is lost. The *actual mechanical advantage* (also written as AMA) is always less than ideal. To calculate actual mechanical advantage, you must measure the forces. Then divide the output force by the input force.

The *mechanical efficiency* is the ratio of the actual mechanical advantage to the ideal mechanical advantage. It is also written as η, the Greek letter eta.

: \eta =\frac\mathit{AMA}\mathit{IMA}

## Example of *mechanical advantage*
See the illustration. In the top picture of the right column, a lever is  a force to a stone. If there is a *mechanical advantage* of *2*, then the *output force* is twice the size of the *input force*.

## No unit for mechanical advantage
There is no unit for mechanical advantages, because the unit for both input and output forces cancel out.
30th Street Station

**30th Street Station** is a major Amtrak and SEPTA station in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is part of the Center City Commuter Connection. It is on the Northeast Corridor.

## References
Jefferson Station (SEPTA)

**Jefferson Station** is a SEPTA station in the Market East neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Its official SEPTA address is 12th and Filbert streets. Of the three Center City stations on the SEPTA system, Jefferson Station is located the farthest east. It is part of the Center City Commuter Connection. Opened in November 1984, the station replaced the Reading Terminal, which had closed on November 6, 1984. Jefferson Station cost $75 million to build, and is owned and maintained by SEPTA. The station used to be called **Market East Station** but the name changed to Jefferson Station on September 4, 2014 after Thomas Jefferson University Hospital paid $4 million to have the station named for them.

The station is  wide and two blocks long. The tracks are  below the street.

## References
## Other websites
*Market East Station
Suburban Station

**Suburban Station** is one of the core SEPTA Regional Rail stations in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is part of the Center City Commuter Connection. It is at 16th Street and JFK Boulevard. It was built by the Pennsylvania Railroad to replace the old Broad Street Station. It officially opened on September 28, 1930. Suburban Station originally had eight tracks and four platforms, until the Center City Commuter Connection extended the tracks to the newer Jefferson Station. It also added another platform.

## References
The Shaggs

**The Shaggs** were an  American all-female rock group formed in Fremont, New Hampshire in 1968. The band was composed of sisters Dorothy "Dot" Wiggin (vocals/lead guitar), Betty Wiggin (vocals/rhythm guitar), Helen Wiggin (drums), and later Rachel Wiggin (bass).

The sisters' father, Austin Wiggin, made Dot, Betty and Helen start a band. When Austin was young, his mother had predicted that Austin would have daughters who would be part of a famous music group.

The band's only studio album, *Philosophy of the World*, was released in 1969. The album was not very well-known, though the band's live performances were popular in their local area. The Shaggs disbanded in 1975 after the death of Austin.

Helen Wiggin died in 2006. The widow of Austin Wiggin, Jr., Annie Wiggin, died in 2005.

## Members
*Dorothy "Dot" Wiggin — vocals, guitar (1968-1975, 1999)
*Betty Wiggin — guitar, vocals (1968-1975, 1999)
*Helen Wiggin (deceased) — drums (1968-1975)
*Rachel Wiggin — bass guitar (1969-1975)
*Tom Ardolino — drums (1999)

## Discography
### Studio albums
* *Philosophy of the World* (1969)

### Collections
* ''Shaggs' Own Thing* (1982)
* *The Shaggs* (1990 - includes all studio recordings)
* *Rev-ola* (2004 - imported repackaging of *The Shaggs* with same track listing)

### Tribute albums
* *Better Than The Beatles - A Tribute to the Shaggs* (2001)

### V/A compilations
* *Songs In The Key of Z - The Curious Universe of Outsider Music* (2000)

## References
* Chusid, Irwin. *Songs in the Key of Z: The Curious Universe of Outsider Music*. (Chicago) A Cappella, 2000. .
* Guralnick, Peter. *Da Capo Best Music Writing 2000''. (New York) Da Capo Press, 2000. .

## Notes
## Other websites
* The Shaggs official website 
* 
* My Pal Foot-Foot (unofficial site)
* Variety review of 2003 off-Broadway production Philosophy of the World, by Joy Gregory, based on the Shaggs
* Obituary for Helen Wiggin Bickford
K.S.V. Oudenaarde

**Koninklijke Sport Vereniging Oudenaarde** is a Belgian team from Oudenaarde. The team was founded in 1919.

## Name 
* 1908–1910 **Football Club Audenardais**
* 1912–1919 **Sportkring Aldenardia**
* 1919–1951 **Sportvereeniging Audenaerde**
* 1951–     **Koninklijke Sportvereniging Oudenaarde**

## Famous players 
*  Sandy Martens

## Other websites
* Official site
Juno (movie)

***Juno*** is a 2007 American teen comedy-drama movie set in Minnesota. It was written by Diablo Cody and directed by Jason Reitman. It starred Elliot Page as Juno MacGuff, a teenage girl who becomes pregnant by her best friend (who is played by Michael Cera). The movie made $231 million around the world. The film had a limited release on December 5, 2007, and expanded wide starting on December 25, 2007.

## Social impact
In the movie, Juno MacGuff thinks about getting an abortion and goes to an abortion clinic, but chooses not to. Both people who think abortion should be legal and people who think it should not be legal thought that the movie supported their views. Reitman said that he did not try to put a political message in the movie.

## Reception
*Juno* got good reviews from most movie critics who saw it. 93% of the critics listed on RottenTomatoes.com gave the movie a good review. *Juno* won an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay.

## References
Masatoshi Hamada

**Masatoshi Hamada** (born May 11, 1963 in Naniwa-ku, Osaka) is an Japanese comedian, actor and director. Hamada is probably best known for being one-half of the comedy duo Downtown also with member Hitoshi Matsumoto. While apart of Downtown, Hamada and Matsumoto made two television shows, Downtown no Gaki no Tsukai ya Arahende!! and Hey! Hey! Hey! Music Champ. He also voiced Japanese dubs of the characters *Shrek* in the Shrek series, *Buck the Diesel* in Thomas and Friends and *Slowking* in Pokémon: The Movie 2000. He is married to his wife Natsumi Ogawa and they have two children.

## References
## Other websites
*Masatoshi Hamada's Official website
San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station

**San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station** (**SONGS**) is one of the largest nuclear generating stations in the U.S. It is at the north of San Diego County, California. It has two active 1,100-megawatt units. It began operation in 1968. 

## Benefits
SONGS is the region’s largest power source with 2,200 megawatts of output. That is enough power for 1.4 million average Southern California homes.

## Seismic safety
The station is built to withstand a magnitude 7.0 earthquake. A geological fault that might cause a tsunami and threaten the plant is about 5 miles offshore.

## Notes
Random forest

**Random forest** is a statistical algorithm that is used to cluster points of data in functional groups. When the data set is large and/or there are many variables it becomes difficult to cluster the data because not all variables can be taken into account, therefore the algorithm can also give a certain chance that a data point belongs in a certain group.

## Steps of the algorithm 
This is how the clustering takes place.

* Of the entire set of data a subset is taken (training set).
* The algorithm clusters the data in groups and subgroups. If you would draw lines between the data points in a subgroup, and lines that connect subgroups into group etc. the structure would look somewhat like a tree. This is called a decision tree.
** At each split or node in this cluster/tree/dendrogram variables are chosen at random by the program to judge whether datapoints have a close relationship or not. 
* The program makes multiple trees a.k.a. a forest. Each tree is different because for each split in a tree, variables are chosen at random.
* Then the rest of the dataset (not the training set) is used to predict which tree in the forests makes the best classification of the datapoints (in the dataset the right classification is known). 
* The tree with the most predictive power is shown as output by the algorithm.

## Using the algorithm 
In a random forest algorithm the number of trees grown (ntree) and the number of variables that are used at each split (mtry) can be chosen by hand; example settings are 500 trees, 71 variables.

## References
Hugo Theorell

**Axel Hugo Theodor Theorel** (6 July 1903 – 15 August 1982) was an Swedish scientist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1955 for his discoveries on the oxidation enzyme and its effects. 

Theorell died in Stockholm in 1982.
Werner Arber

**Werner Arber** (born 3 June 1929) is a Swiss microbiologist and geneticist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1978 for his discovery of restriction endonucleases which he shared with Daniel Nathans and Hamilton O. Smith.

He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1989.

Arber as one of 20 Nobel Laureates who signed the *Stockholm memorandum* at the 3rd Nobel Laureate Symposium on Global Sustainability in Stockholm, Sweden on 18 May 2011.

## References
Elliot Page

**Elliot Page** (born **Ellen Page**, February 21, 1987) is a Canadian actor. Page was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress for his role in *Juno*, in which he played a pregnant teenager. 

Page has also starred in movies including *Hard Candy*, *Whip It*, and *Inception*. He starred in the Netflix series *The Umbrella Academy* as Vanya/Viktor Hargreeves. During his career, Page has been nominated for an Academy Award, three BAFTAS, two Emmys, a Golden Globe, and a SAG Award.

## Personal life
Page is from Halifax, Nova Scotia.

On February 14, 2014 (when living as Ellen), Page came out as a gay woman. Page became a well-known advocate of the LGBTQ community. 

In December 2020, Page came out as transgender and changed his name publicly to "Elliot Page." He uses "he/him" and "they/them" pronouns. 

Page was married to dancer Emma Portner from 2018 to 2021.

In March 2021, Page became the first openly transgender man to appear on the cover of *Time* magazine.

## Notes
## References
## Other websites
*
Ramon Harewood

**Ramon Harewood** (born 3 February 1987 in St. Michael, Barbados) is an Barbadian former professional football offensive tackle. He played 6 games in the National Football League (NFL). He played his entire NFL career with the Baltimore Ravens. Harewood was drafted out of Morehouse College by the Baltimore Ravens with the 194th overall pick in the 6th round of the 2010 NFL Draft. He won a Super Bowl ring with the Ravens when they defeated the San Francisco 49ers 34–31 in Super Bowl XLVII. 

On August 25, 2013, Harewood was waived by the Ravens.

On January 22, 2014, Harewood was signed to a future contract by the Denver Broncos. The Broncos waived him on June 3, 2014.

## References
## Other websites
*Ramon Harewood at baltimoreravens.com