open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
34+35

"**34+35**" is a song recorded by American singer Ariana Grande, as the second track on her sixth studio album, *Positions* (2020). It was released as a single on October 30, 2020. The song was written by Grande, Albert Stanaj, Courageous Xavier Herrera, Scott Nicholson, Steven Franks, Tayla Parx, Victoria Monét, and its producers Peter Lee Johnson and Tommy Brown.  It runs for two minutes and 54 seconds. 

On October 30, 2020, the song was released by Republic Records as the second single from the album. The song's title and overall theme is about the 69 sex position with some sex jokes.

On January 15, 2021, a remix of the song featuring American rappers Doja Cat and Megan Thee Stallion was released with verses written by the artists. It is eight seconds longer than the original.

The song entered at number eight on the *Billboard* Hot 100 upon the album's release. Combined with sales of the remix, the song later peaked at number two in the US. 

## References
Victoria Monét

**Victoria Monét McCants** (born May 1, 1993) is an American singer-songwriter. 

Monét has written songs for many singer such as Nas, Ariana Grande, Fifth Harmony, T.I., GOOD Music, Lupe Fiasco, Chrisette Michele, Coco Jones, Chris Brown, and Diddy Dirty Money. 

In 2019, Monét received two Grammy Award nominations for Album of the Year for her work on Grande's *Thank U, Next* and Record of the Year for "7 Rings".

## References
Jabba the Hutt

**Jabba the Hutt** is a fictional character and a minor antagonist in the *Star Wars* franchise. He was a crime lord who operated from Tatooine. Jabba is a male who is part of the Hutt species. Jabba first appeared in *Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi* where he was killed by Princess Leia Organa during the rescue of Han Solo. Jabba had placed a bounty on Han Solo's head after Han failed to deliver a shipment. The bounty hunter, Boba Fett captured Han and brought him to Jabba. Jabba also appeared in *Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace* where he was at the Boonta Eve podrace.

## References
Regulations for the Order and Discipline of the Troops of the United States

The ***Regulations for the Order and Discipline of the Troops of the United States*** or ***Blue Book*** is an American army book from the Revolutionary War.  It is about how to teach soldiers to be good soldiers.  Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben wrote the first version in 1777 and 1778 at Valley Forge. George Washington, Alexander Hamilton and other officers in the Continental Army helped.  Von Steuben rewrote the book a year later.

At Valley Forge in the winter of 1777–1778, Acting Inspector General von Steuben saw that many Continental officers gave their men different drills. Drills are practice exercises.  Using different drills meant the men might become confused in a real battle.  Von Steuben wrote new drills for the whole army.  He wrote them French.  His aide-de-camp, Pierre Ettienne Duponceau, and George Washington's aides-de-camp, Alexander Hamilton and John Laurens rewrote them in English.  General George Washington would read the drills and make changes. They gave each lesson to the officers one at a time.  Then the officers or their helpers made their own copies.  Then van Steuben and the officers would use the drills with the men.

The next year, in Philadelphia, von Steuben wrote down his Valley Forge drills in one book.  He wrote it in French.  Lieutenant Colonel Francois de Fleury helped.  Then Captain Benjamin Walker and Duponceu rewrote the book in English.  Captain Pierre Charles L'Enfant drew the pictures.

Congress decided to use the book starting in 1779.  The American military used the Blue Book until 1814.

## References
Blue Book

***Blue Book*** may mean:

**Regulations for the Order and Discipline of the Troops of the United States*, an army book from the American Revolutionary War
*Kelly Blue Book, a source about the prices of cars
**Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation*, a writing book for lawyers
**Project Blue Book*, a television show
European Investment Bank

The **European Investment Bank** (**EIB**) is an international bank owned by the EU member states. It was created in 1958 under the Treaty of Rome as a "policy-driven bank" using financing operations to further EU policy goals such as European integration and social cohesion. It should not be confused with the European Central Bank, which is based in Frankfurt (Germany) or with the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) which is based in London (United Kingdom).

The member states set the bank's broad policy goals and oversee the decision-making bodies of the bank: its board of governors and board of directors. It is the world's largest international public lending institution.

## Other websites 
* Official website
Kelli Berglund

**Kelli Berglund** (born February 9, 1996) is an American actress. She is known for playing Bree Davenport in the Disney XD series *Lab Rats* and its spin-off *Lab Rats: Elite Force*. In 2014, she played Mae Hartley in the Disney Channel Original Movie *How to Build a Better Boy*. She later played Carly Carson in the 2019 Starz television drama series *Now Apocalypse*. 

Berglund has been honored with many awards for her lyrical contemporary music and jazz.

Berglund was born in Moorpark, California.

## References
Colour by Numbers

**Colour by Numbers** is the second album by Culture Club. It was released on 10 October 1983. 

The songs on it are Karma Chameleon, It's a Miracle, Black Money, Changing Every Day, That's The Way (I'm Only Trying To Help You),  Church Of The Poison Mind, Miss Me Blind, Mister Man, Stormkeeper, and Victims.

In the UK it was the number one album for 5 weeks in 1983.

## References
Dies irae

"''''*" (; "the Day of Wrath") is a Latin chant first written by either Thomas of Celano of the Franciscans (1200–c.1265) or Latino Malabranca Orsini (d. 1294), lector at the Dominican *studium'' at Santa Sabina, in Rome. It comes from at least the 13th century, but it could be much older. Some have said it was written by St. Gregory the Great (died 604), Bernard of Clairvaux (1090–1153), or Bonaventure (1221–1274).

## Text
Sources: 

## References
Grace L. Drake

**Grace L. Drake** (1926 – 31 December 2020) was an American politician. She was a member of the Ohio Senate from 1984 to 2000. Drake was a member of the Republican Party. She was born in Connecticut.

Drake died on 31 December 2020 at the age of 94.

## References
Louis Blanc

**Louis Jean Joseph Charles Blanc** (29 October 1811 – 6 December 1882) was a French politician and historian.

He is famous for helping the development of socialism in France.
Hutt

**Hutts** are a slug-like species from Star Wars. Hutts are very large in size and are very heavy. They are most well known as crime lords and run the crime worlds of Star Wars. Hutts control their own area of the galaxy known as "Hutt Space" which the Hutts have controlled for thousands of years. Hutts come from the swampy crime world of Nal Hutta but are all over the galaxy. Jabba the Hutt is the most well known member of the species. The species first appeared in *Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi* and have also appeared in *Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope* (albeit through the special edition) and *Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace*.

## References
2058

**2058** (**MMLVIII**) will be .

## Predicted and scheduled events
* January 1 – Books, movies, and other works published in 1962 will enter the public domain in the United States.

* The 2058 Winter Olympics will be held.
** December 31 – After this date, works published between January 1, 1978 and December 31, 2002 have the possibility of entering the public domain in the United States. U.S. Copyright law specifically prohibits any work created during that period from automatically entering the public domain before this date.
2059

**2059** (**MMLIX**) will be .

## Predicted and scheduled events 
* January 1 – Books, movies, and other works published in 1963 will enter the public domain in the United States.

## Fictional events
* The anime *Macross Frontier* takes place in 2059.
* "The Waters of Mars" episode of *Doctor Who* takes place in 2059.
2060

**2060** (**MMLX**) will be .

## Predicted and scheduled events 
* January 1 – Books, movies, and other works published in 1964 will enter the public domain in the United States.

### Date unknown
* 2060 Summer Olympics will be held.
* Knowa De Baraso will be elected President.
2062

**2062** (**MMLXII**) will be .

## Predicted and scheduled events
* January 1 – Books, movies, and other works published in 1966 will enter the public domain in the United States.
* The 2062 Winter Olympics will be held.
* September 8 &ndash;  if still on the throne, Charles III of the United Kingdom will celebrate his Ruby Jubilee. He will be 113 years old in 2062.
* The events of the 1962 Hanna Barbera animated cartoon series The Jetsons.
2061

**2061** (**MMLXI**) will be .

## Predicted and scheduled events
* January 1 – Books, movies, and other works published in 1965 will enter the public domain in the United States.
* Halley's Comet will get as close as it can to the Sun. This is known as *perihelion*. It last happened in 1986.

## References
2065

**2065** (**MMLXV**) will be .

## Predicted and scheduled events
* January 1 – Books, movies, and other works published in 1969 will enter the public domain in the United States.
* November 22: Venus occults Jupiter, the first occultation involving two planets since January 3, 1818. The next one will happen less than two years later, on July 15, 2067 (when Mercury occults Neptune).
2067

**2067** (**MMLXVII**) will be .

## Predicted and scheduled events
* January 1 – Books, movies, and other works published in 1971 will enter the public domain in the United States.
* February 15: If copyright law doesn't change, all sound recordings fixed before February 15, 1972 will enter the public domain in the U.S.

## References
2068

**2068** (**MMLXVIII**) will be .

## Events 
* January 1 – Books, movies, and other works published in 1972 will enter the public domain in the United States.
* 2068 Summer Olympics will be held.
* A time capsule at the Helium Centennial Time Columns Monument will be reopened, 100 years after it was locked.
* Asteroid 99942 Apophis has a tiny chance of hitting Earth on April 12, 2068.
Lumpenproletariat

"for spirit / alc", according to his sign.]]

In Marxism, the **Lumpenproletariat** ("rag-proletariat" in German) refers to a class of people at the lowest level of society who do not have class consciousness but tend to be criminals or unemployable.

## Public views
Some left-wing activists believe that the lumpenproletariat the "most exploited" class of people and therefore the most revolutionary, but others think that they cannot be organized into revolutionary forces and are more likely to be paid agents who are hired to stop revolution.

## References
Evermore

***Evermore*** (styled in lowercase) is the ninth studio album by American recording artist Taylor Swift. It was released on December 11, 2020, as a "sister" album to her previous record, *Folklore*, which was released just a few months prior. It was produced by Swift, Aaron Dessner, Bryce Dessner, and Jack Antonoff.

*Evermore* became Swift's seventh US number-one album, earning 329,000 units there in its first week. Its lead single, "Willow", became her seventh *Billboard* Hot 100 number-one song. Its music video was released the same day as the album.

There are currently 17 tracks on *Evermore* including two "deluxe version" songs. Evermore crosses the lines between real and imaginative by drawing a story along the lines of each song while still being able to relate it to Swift's life.

## References 
**Notes**
Trafficking of children

**Trafficking of children** is a form of human trafficking: Violence and threats  are used to recruit them, or they are kidnapped. Sometimes people also use promises to make them believe things that later turn out to not be true. This is called . They are then trafficked. There are estimates, that up to 400,000 children are trafficked from one country to another (across borders). There are no reliable figures or estimates of the trafficking of children within the same country. Most cases that are reported in the media are in connection with forced prostitution. It is difficult to get exact numbers, but the International Labour Organization estimated that about 1.2 million children are trafficked per year. 

There is a convention about suppressing the trade of women and children, of 1921. It says that the trafficking of children should be a punishable offense. Like human trafficking, trafficking of children is a crime

## Reasons 
The trafficing of children happens for different reasons: 

* Forced labor. This usually is child labor. It often is dangerous, and exhausting, In many cases, this prevents the child from getting an education
* Sexual explotation.
** Forcing them to offer sexual services, in exhange for money, or some goods, or favours. This is commonly called child prostitution
** The sex trade.
** Child sex tourism
** Forcing them to produce child pronography.
** Forcing them to perform sex shows before an audience. These shows may be public or private.
* Using them as child soldiers
* Children in the drug trade. Threy are often used as carriers of drugs. or as dealers. Very often they are paid 'in drugs'. This means they become addicted and are even more vulnerable
* Adoption - very often, children are taken from orphanages, to be adopted abroad. Parents are often tricked or forced to reliquish custody of their children
* Medical research
* Child marriage
* Forced begging

## References
Forced marriage

by Russian artist Pukirev. It shows an arranged marriage where a young girl is forced to marry against her will.]]
A **forced marriage** is a marriage which happens against the will of one or both partners. A forced marriage is different from an arranged marriage: In an arranged marriage, the parents or other third parties will help finding a suitable partner.

International human rights law including International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery also prohibit unfree marriage without consent of each person. 

## Notes 
## Related pages 
*Child marriage
*Slavery in the 21st century
*Violence against women
Kepler-69c

**Kepler-69c** is an uninhabitable exoplanet. It orbits Kepler-69 at 0.64 AU.

## Properties
Kepler-69c is a Venus-like exoplanet with a mass of 6M earth and a radius of 1.71R earth.

## Related pages
* Venus
* Exoplanet

## References
Base and superstructure

According to Marxism, society is made up of the **base** (**substructure**) and the **superstructure**. These two parts influence each other.

## Base and superstructure
### Base
The base (economy) is made up of the means of production (such as land, factories, raw materials) and the relations of production, or the social relations people enter in order to survive (such as being an employer or an employee or what social class someone is part of).
### Superstructure
The superstructure (ideology) is made up of the non-material things (such as institutions, laws, religion, culture) that make up society and shape how people think about themselves and their place in the world. The superstructure shows the interests of the ruling class.

### Relationship 
The base shapes the superstructure. The superstructure defends how the base operates. For example, in capitalism, schools teach students why capitalism is good and how to participate in a capitalist economy.

The base and the superstructure need each other to exist. They also change over time.

## References
Jakku

**Jakku** is a desert planet from *Star Wars*. The planet first appeared in *Star Wars: The Force Awakens*, the first installment in the *Star Wars* sequel trilogy. Jakku is very sparsely populated because of its harsh climate. After the Battle of Endor, Jakku was the sight of a big battle between the remaining Imperial fleet and the newly formed New Republic fleet. As soldiers fought each other in the desert and dogfights took place above, the large cruisers from the fleets started to drag each other to the surface of the planet with their tractor beams. Ships crashed to surface causing a "graveyard" of ships to form. The Republic fleet won the battle and the remaining Imperial forces fled into the unknown regions of the galaxy. Rey Skywalker is from Jakku and helped Finn escape the planet with BB-8 after the First Order massacred a village and started to look for Finn, after he deserted. A year later the people of Jakku rose up against the First Order as part of a galaxy wide rebellion after the Battle of Exegol in *Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker*.

## References
NARAL Pro-Choice America

**NARAL Pro-Choice America**, or just **NARAL**, is an American non-profit organization. It is a 501(c)(4) group. It engages in lobbying and political action. It also works to go against restrictions on abortion and expand access to it, birth control, paid parental leave and pregnancy discriminations.

NARAL is associated with the NARAL Pro-Choice America Foundation, a 501(c)(3) organization. They're also associated with the NARAL Pro-Choice America PAC, a political action committee. 

NARAL was founded in 1969. It is the oldest abortion rights advocacy group in the United States.

## References
IG-88

**IG-88** is a bounty hunter and assassin droid from *Star Wars*. He first appeared in  1980s, *Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back* and has gone on to appear in *Star Wars Forces of Destiny* and some comics. IG-88 was present with other bounty hunters including Bossk and Boba Fett when Darth Vader gave them a task to capture the *Millennium Falcon*. His head was made out of recycled props from *Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope*. IG-88 is voiced by Matthew Wood in Forces of Destiny.

## References
Jolanta Fedak

**Jolanta Beata Fedak** (21 September 1960 – 31 December 2020) was a Polish politician. She was Minister of Labour and Social Policy from 2007 to 2011 during the Donald Tusk cabinet. She was a member of the Polish People's Party. In 2019, Fedak was elected to the Sejm.

Fedak died in Warsaw on 31 December 2020, aged 60. 

## References
Eugene Wright

**Eugene Joseph Wright** (May 29, 1923 – December 30, 2020) was an American jazz bassist. He was a member of the Dave Brubeck Quartet.

Wright died on December 30, 2020 in Los Angeles at the age of 97.

## References
Bossk

**Bossk** was a male Trandoshan bounty hunter from *Star Wars*. He first appeared in *Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back* on Darth Vader's flagship with other bounty hunters. Vader tasked the bounty hunters with finding the Millennium Falcon which Boba Fett ended up finding. Bossk is also seen in the background in *Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi*. Like the rest of his species, Bossk has a hatred for Wookiees and a personal hatred for Chewbacca. Bossk also appears in *Star Wars: The Clone Wars* where he helps a young Boba Fett learn the ways of bounty hunting with other bounty hunters. Bossk has also appeared in many books and comics. In the novel, ''Ezra's Gamble'' Bossk and Ezra Bridger work together to expose a corrupt Imperial officer.

## References
Tralee

**Tralee** ( ; , , formerly , , meaning 'strand of the Lee River') is the county town of County Kerry, Ireland. 

## References
Munster Technological University

**Munster Technological University** () or **MTU** is a technological university (TU). It is in Cork and Tralee in Ireland. It was opened on 1 January 2021.

Both institutes of technology, Cork Institute of Technology and IT Tralee were merged to make MTU.

## References
Aaron Neville

**Aaron Neville** (born January 24, 1941) is an American R&B and soul music singer. He has had four platinum studio albums and four Top 10 hits in the United States. Three songs hit #1 on the *Billboard*'s Adult Contemporary chart.

Neville is the uncle of Fox News and television personality Arthel Neville.

Neville was born in New Orleans, Louisiana.

## References
Calvin Hill

**Calvin Hill** (born January 2, 1947) is an American retired football player. For twelve seasons, he played running back in the National Football League. He played for Washington Redskins, the Dallas Cowboys, and the Cleveland Browns.

Hill was named Pro-Back four times.

Hill was honored by Yale University for a Doctor of Humane Letters degree.

Hill was born in Baltimore, Maryland.

## References
Joan Micklin Silver

**Joan Micklin Silver** (May 24, 1935 – December 31, 2020) was American director and writer. She was born in Omaha, Nebraska. Silver was known for directing *Hester Street* (1975) and *Crossing Delancey* (1988).

Silver died on December 31, 2020 in New York City from problems caused by vascular dementia at the age of 85.

## References
Connie Smith

**Constance June Meador** (also known as **Connie Smith**; born August 14, 1941) is an American singer. Her contralto vocals have been described by music writers as significant and influential to the women of country music. A similarity has been noted between her vocal style and that of Patsy Cline.

Smith was discovered in 1963. She signed with RCA Victor Records in 1964. She remained with the label until 1973. Her first single "Once a Day" hit #1 on the *Billboard* Hot Country Songs chart in November 1964. It was at the top position for eight weeks. "Once a Day" became Smith's biggest hit.

Smith was nominated at the Grammy Awards for Best Female Country Vocal Performance.

Smith's success continued with another 19 top-ten hits during the 1960s and 1970s. Those included "Ain't Had No Lovin'", "Cincinnati, Ohio" and "I Never Once Stopped Loving You."

Smith was nominated for eleven Grammy Awards.

Smith was born in Elkhart, Indiana. She later lived in West Virginia and Ohio.

## Awards, nominations and honors 
Smith has won two awards from both *Billboard Magazine* and *Cash Box*. Besides her nominations from music magazines, she has been nominated for 11 Grammy Awards, one award from the Academy of Country Music, and three awards from the Country Music Association, as well as several nominations from the fan-voted Music City News Awards including one win.

## References
Dušan Jovanović (theatre director)

**Dušan Jovanović** (1 October 1939 — 31 December 2020) was a Slovene theatre director, playwright and essayist. He was  known for his experimental satirical theatre. In 2005, he became president of the Prešeren Foundation.

Jovanović died on 31 December 2020 at aged 81.

## References
Joe Neal

**Joseph M. Neal Jr.** (July 28, 1935 – December 31, 2020) was an American politician. He was a Democratic member of the Nevada Senate from 1973 to 2004. He was the first African-American state senator in Nevada. He was Minority Floor leader in 1989 and as President pro tempore in 1991. Neal was born in Mound, Louisiana.

Neal died on December 31, 2020 at the age of 85.

## References
Mound, Louisiana

**Mound** is a village in Madison Parish, Louisiana, United States. Twelve people lived here at the 2020 census.  Its ZIP Code is 71282.

## References
Stephanie Beacham

**Stephanie Beacham** (born 28 February 1947) is an English theatre, television, radio and movie actress. She is known for her television roles in the BBC drama *Tenko*. She played Sable Colby in the ABC soap operas *The Colbys* (1985) and *Dynasty* (1985, 1988–1989).

Beacham's movie appearances include *Troop Beverly Hills* (1989). 

Beacham began appearing on British television in 1967. She began movies three years later.

Beacham was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for her role in *Sister Kate* on NBC (1989–1990).

Beacham later played Maria Callas onstage in a 2010 UK touring production of the play *Master Class*.

Beacham was born in London.

## References
Ben Chafin

**Augustus Benton "Ben" Chafin Jr.** (May 18, 1960 – January 1, 2021) was an American lawyer, farmer, and politician. He was a member of the Republican Party. He was born in Abingdon, Virginia. In 2014, he was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates. From 2014 until his death, he was a member of the State Senate.

Chafin died on January 1, 2021 at a hospital in Richmond, Virginia from problems caused by COVID-19 at the age of 60.

## References
Divide and conquer

**Divide and conquer**, also called **divide and rule**, is a strategy to gain and maintain power. This is done by breaking up bigger groups into smaller ones, the smaller groups are easier to control. The original Latin phrase is **divide et impera** (which translates as 'divide and command').
## References
## Related pages
*Ad hominem
*Hate speech
*Identity politics
*Pork barrel
*Psychological warfare
*Red herring
*Smear campaign
Isolation for the purpose of abuse

**Isolation** is often used to get more power over a person. This power is then used for abuse.  Isolating the victim from the outside world is important to get  psychological control over the victim. Isolation reduces the opportunity of the victim to be rescued. It will also make the victim more dependent on the abuser.

This includes controlling a persons social activity: the people they see, the people they talk to, and the places they visit. Sometimes it also includes controlling the material they read. It can also include wanting to know where the victim is. Very often, a victim has to get permission to get medical treatment.

Isolation is often combined with other forms of abuse:

* Economic abuse: Controlling the victim's access to money, or to a job, so that they do not have the economic resources to resist abuse
* Smearing or discrediting the victim in their community, so that this community will no longer help
* divide and conquer
* gaslighting and mind control

Cults often use these techniques.
Smear campaign

A **smear campaign**, or **smear tactic** is an effort to damage or question someone's reputation. It may apply to individuals or groups.

## Related pages
* Harassment
* Hate speech
* *Ad hominem*
* Discrimination
* Psychological warfare
Taye Diggs

**Scott Leo "Taye" Diggs** (born January 2, 1971) is an American actor and singer. He acted in Broadway musicals *Rent* and *Hedwig and the Angry Inch*. He acted in the movies *Equilibrium*, *How Stella Got Her Groove Back* and *Brown Sugar*.

Diggs was born in Newark, New Jersey. He was raised in Rochester, New York.

## References
Carlos Escudé

**Carlos Andrés Escudé Carvajal** (10 August 1948 – 1 January 2021) was an Argentine political scientist and author. He was special advisor to foreign minister Guido di Tella. He was born in Buenos Aires. He was a visiting professor at Harvard University. 

Escudé died on 1 January 2021 in Buenos Aires from COVID-19 at aged 72. 

## References
Class consciousness

In Marxism, **class consciousness** is one's awareness (consciousness) of where one belongs in a system of social classes.

According to Marx, there are two classes in capitalism. They are the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. The bourgeoisie take advantage of the proletariat and control the means of production. The proletariat class has more people than the bourgeoisie but do not own the means of production. The proletariat are usually workers.

According to Marxism, many members of the proletariat class have false consciousness. That means they usually think about themselves and are not aware of the class struggle going on in society or how the proletariat is being hurt by the bourgeoisie. An example of false consciousness would be the idea of the American Dream.

When enough members of the proletariat have class consciousness, they will be able to unite and overthrow the capitalist system.

## References
Saint-Germain-en-Laye

**Saint-Germain-en-Laye** () is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France in north-central France.

On 1 January 2019, the former commune of Fourqueux was merged into Saint-Germain-en-Laye.

## References
Bernard Guignedoux

**Bernard Guignedoux** (31 January 1947 – 1 January 2021) was a French footballer and manager. He was the first player in Paris Saint-Germain to score a goal in the team's history.

## Death
In April 2020, Guignedoux was hospitalised for a "serious illness". He died on 1 January 2021, at the age of 73.

## Career statistics
## References
Taqi Yazdi

**Muhammad Taqi Misbah Yazdi** **Giwachi** (; 31 January 19351 January 2021) was an Iranian scholar, philosopher and conservative political theorist. He was a spiritual leader of the Front of Islamic Revolution Stability. From 1999 to 2016, he was a member of the Assembly of Experts. Yazdi was born in Yazd, Iran. 

Mesbah Yazdi died on 1 January 2020 in Tehran at aged 85.

## References
June 1962 Alcatraz escape attempt

The **June 1962 Alcatraz escape ** was a prison escape from Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary in San Francisco Bay. On June 11 or June 12, inmates Frank Morris and brothers John and Clarence Anglin were the ones who escaped from the prison. The three men were able to escape from their cells and leave the island in a raft. Allen West tried to leave with them but failed.

However it is unknown if Morris and the Aglin brothers escaped alive or drowned to death. The inmates who escaped created fake heads to trick the guards into thinking they were asleep in their cells. They also made a raft to escape.

In 1979, the FBI officially closed its investigation, saying that the men drowned in San Francisco Bay, while trying to reach land. However, the United States Marshals Service has continued to keep the escapees on its wanted list as many people reported to have seen them in Florida, Maryland and even Brazil.

## References
Allison Miller

**Allison Miller** (born September 2, 1985) is an American actress. She played Michelle Benjamin on the NBC series *Kings*, Skye Tate on the Fox series *Terra Nova*, and Carrie on the NBC series *Go On*.

## References
Josie Loren

**Josie Loren Lopez** (born March 19, 1987) known professionally as **Josie Loren**, is an American actress. She played Kaylie Cruz in the ABC Family series *Make It or Break It*, and as FBI Agent Michelle Vega in the TV series *The Mentalist*.

## References
Thomas Lennon

**Thomas Patrick Lennon** (born August 9, 1970) is an American actor, comedian, screenwriter, producer, director and novelist. He played Lieutenant Jim Dangle on the Comedy Central series *Reno 911!* and Felix Unger on the CBS series *The Odd Couple.* He also wrote the screenplay for *Night at the Museum*, *The Pacifier*, *Balls of Fury*, and *Baywatch*.

## References
Vladimir Korenev

**Vladimir Borisovich Korenev** (; June 20, 1940 – January 2, 2021) was a Soviet-Russian actor and teacher. He was awarded People's Artist of Russia in 1998. Korenev was born in Sevastopol, Soviet Union. He was known for his roles in *Amphibian Man*, *Children of Don Quixote* and *Criminal Talent*. His career began in 1962.

Korenev died of COVID-19 on January 2, 2021 in Moscow, aged 80.

## References
MF Doom

**Daniel Dumile** ( ; 13 July 1971 – 31 October 2020) was a British-American rapper, songwriter and record producer. He was born in London. His career began in 1988. He worked with Madlib and the two made a duo known as Madvillain. Their album *Madvillainy* is well known.

Dumile died on 31 October 2020, aged 49. His death was announced two months later on 31 December by his wife.

## Notes
## References
Jacques Golliet

**Jacques Golliet** (14 December 1931 – 31 October 2020) was a French politician. He was a Senator from Haute-Savoie from 28 September 1986 to 1 October 1995. He also was Mayor of Thônes from 1974 to 1983. Golliet was a member of the Union for French Democracy and Centre of Social Democrats.

Golliet died on 31 October 2020, aged 88.

## References
Thônes

**Thônes** is a commune in the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France

## References
Barry Austin

**Barry Austin **(17 September 1968 &ndash; 1 January 2021) was a British man from Chelmsley Wood, West Midlands, England. He was the fattest man in the United Kingdom. He weighed around 700&nbsp;lbs or 320&nbsp;kg. In December 2009 Austin played 'Big Brian' in ITV1's comedy-drama *The Fattest Man in Britain* as Fat Brian. 

Austin died on 1 January 2021 at the age of 52.

## References
Laurence Pope

**Laurence Everett Pope II** (September 24, 1945 – October 31, 2020) was an American politician. He was born in New Haven, Connecticut. Pope worked for US Presidents Bill Clinton and Barack Obama as a diplomat. From 1993 to 1996, Pope was the Ambassador to Chad. In 2000, President Clinton nominated him to be Ambassador to Kuwait but Pope was not confirmed by the United States Senate.

Pope was a special envoy to Libya from October 11, 2012 until January 4, 2013 during the aftermath of the 2012 Benghazi attack.

Pope died on October 31, 2020 at his home in Portland, Maine from cardiac arrest caused by pancreatic cancer, aged 75.

## References
Marco Formentini (politician)

**Marco Formentini** (14 April 1930 – 2 January 2021) was an Italian politician. He was a member of the Northern League, then for the Democrats and finally for The Daisy. He was born in La Spezia, Italy.

He was a member of the Italian parliament from 1992 to 1993. He later was a member of the European Parliament from 1994 to 2004. From 1993 to 1997, Formentini was Mayor of Milan.

Formentini died on 2 January 2021 in Milan, aged 90.

## References
Meursault

**Meursault** is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department and Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

The D23, D17E, D113B and D974 roads pass through or near Meursault.

## Population 
## References
Pommard

**Pommard** is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department and Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region of eastern France.

Pommard is near Beaune and on the Route des Grands Crus.

The D973 and D17 pass through the commune.

Pommard is twinned with Nackenheim, Germany.

## Population 
## References
Wahid Hamed

**Wahid Hamed** (; 1 July 1944 – 2 January 2021) was an Egyptian screenwriter. He was born in Minya al-Qamh, Egypt. His career began in 1974. He was best known for writing the screenplay of *Terrorism and Kebab* (1992), ''Ma'ali al Wazir* (2003) and *The Yacoubian Building'' (2006).

Hamed died on 2 January 2021 from a heart attack in Cairo, Egypt at the age of 76.

## References
FC Rotor Volgograd

**SC Rotor Volgograd** () is a Russian professional football  club from the large city of Volgograd, Volgograd Oblast (formerly Stalingrad).

They played at the top level of Soviet/Russian football either side of World War II from 1989 to 1990, and from 1991 to 2004. 

The team currently plays its home games at the Volgograd Arena since 2018.

## References
José Cleonâncio da Fonseca

**José Cleonâncio da Fonseca** (14 December 1936 &ndash; 1 January 2021) was a Brazilian businessman and politician. He was born in Boquim, Brazil.

Fonseca was a member of the Sergipe Legislative Assembly from 1967 to 1972 and again from 1975 to 1987. He was Mayor of Boquim from 1973 to 1974. Fonseca was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1987 to 2007.

Fonseca died on 1 January 2021 in Aracaju, Brazil at the age of 84.

## References
Roy B. B. Janis

**Roy Binilang Bawatanusa Janis** (22 August 1957 – 28 December 2020) was an Indonesian politician. From 1992 to 1997, he was a member of the People's Consultative Assembly. From 1999 to 2005, Janis was a member of the People's Representative Council. In 2005, he became the first chairman of the Democratic Renewal Party. He was born in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Janis died at a Jakarta hospital on 28 December 2020, aged 63.

## References
Muhammad Arif (Indonesian politician)

**Muhammad Arif** (1976 – 1 January 2021) was an Indonesian politician. He was elected to the People's Consultative Assembly in 2004. He represented the Riau Islands. He was born in Tanjungpinang, Indonesia.

Arif died of heart attack on 1 January 2021 in Tanjungpinang, aged 44.

## References
Michael Nunn

**Michael Nunn** (born April 14, 1963) is an American former professional boxer. He competed from 1984 to 2002. He is a two-weight world champion. Nunn held the International Boxing Federation (IBF) middleweight title, 1988 to 1991. He held the super middleweight title, 1992 to 1994. During these reigns, he held the lineal championship.

Nunn was born in Davenport, Iowa.

## References
Yuri Saukh

**Yuri Vasilyevich Saukh** () (September 14, 1951 – January 2, 2021) was a Soviet football player and Russian coach and manager. He played for the Soviet Union national football team in 1976. 

His playing career lasted from 1970 to 1981. He played for Rotor Volgograd, Rostov-on-Don, CSKA Moscow, Lokomotiv Moscow and Dynamo Stavropol.

His managing career lasted from 2003 to 2007 where he managed for Reutov and Luch-Energiya Vladivostok.

Saukh died on January 2, 2021 at the age of 69.

## References
Galway West (Dáil constituency)

**Galway West** is a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas. The constituency elects 5 deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs). It was created in 1937.

## References
Modibo Keita (born 1942)

**Modibo Keita** (31 July 1942 – 2 January 2021) was a Malian politician. He was the Prime Minister of Mali two times: from 18 March 2002 to 8 June 2002 and from January 2015 to April 2017. Keita was born in Koulikoro, French Sudan. He was a member of the Alliance for Democracy.

Keita died on 2 January 2021 at the age of 78.

## References
Liam Reilly

**Liam Reilly** (29 January 1955 – 1 January 2021) was an Irish pop rock singer-songwriter and keyboardist. He was a member of the group Bagatelle. He was born in Dundalk, Ireland. He participated in the 1990 Eurovision Song Contest with his single "Somewhere in Europe". He also wrote the 1991 Eurovision Irish submission "Could It Be That I'm in Love". 

Reilly died suddenly at his home in Dundalk on 1 January 2021 at the age of 65.

## References
Dustin Higgs

**Dustin John Higgs** (March 10, 1972 &ndash; January 16, 2021) was an American murderer. He was born in Poughkeepsie, New York. Higgs was sentenced to death for the murders of three young women in Maryland.

The main controversy about Higgs's case was that Higgs did not personally kill any of the three victims. The man who fatally shot all three women to death, Willis Mark Haynes, was sentenced to life plus 45 years, while Higgs, who was in a vehicle when the killings took place, received a death sentence. 

It was argued that although Higgs did not kill anyone, he was the person in charge, and not only ordered Haynes to kill the women but bullied him into it.

Higgs was scheduled for execution by lethal injection on January 15, 2021. He was executed on January 16 at the USP Terre Haute in Terre Haute, Indiana at the age of 48.

## References
La Rochepot

**La Rochepot** is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department and Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region of eastern France.

The D973, D906, D33 and D111D roads pass through La Rochepot.

## Population 
## References
Boquim

**Boquim** is a city in the Brazilian state of Sergipe. 24,923 people lived here in 2005. The area of the city is 215&nbsp;km².

## References
Labour Party (Ireland)

The **Labour Party** (, literally "Party of the Working People") is a social democratic political party in the Republic of Ireland. It was founded on 28 May 1912 in Clonmel, County Tipperary, by James Connolly, James Larkin and William O'Brien.

The party was a part of the Irish Trades Union Congress. It was known as the "democratic socialist party" in its creation.

## References
2069

**2069** (**MMLXIX**) will be .

## Events 
* January 1 – Books, movies, and other works published in 1973 will enter the public domain in the United States.
* June 28 - 100th anniversary of the Stonewall riots.
* July - 100th anniversary of the Apollo 11.

## Fictional events
*The video game *Syndicate* is set in this year.
National University of Colombia

The **Universidad Nacional de Colombia** or **National University of Columbia** was established in 1867.  It is in Bogota, Colombia.

## References
## Other websites
*National University of Colombia
Papurana

***Papurana*** is a genus of frogs in the family Ranidae, "true frogs." They live in New Guinea, some islands near New Guinea, and in northern Australia. *Papurana daemeli* is the only frog in Ranidae that lives in Australia.

## Taxonomy
Scientists first named *Papurana* as a subgenus of *Rana*. At times, they have said it was a subgenus of *Hylarana*. In 2015, Oliver and colleagues looked at *Hylarana* closely and said it should have only a few species in it.  They said *Papurana* should be its own genus.

## Description
*Papurana* frogs have a mask mark behind their eyes, their body shape, strong wavy stripes on the backs of their thighs, and either no dorsolateral folds or very thin folds, with rough spots. The back is evenly roughened to warty and sometimes has small spikes. The frogs are medium to very large in size. Male frogs have paired, external organs for making sounds.

## Species
There are 18 species:

*Papurana elberti*, *Papurana florensis*, and *Papurana moluccana* are only provisionally allocated to *Papurana*, meaning scientists want to collect more data on their bodies and genes before deciding.

## References
Busby Babes

The **Busby Babes** was a nickname given to a group of association football players that played for . The players with this nickname were recruited by Manchester United's chief scout Joe Armstrong and assistant manager Jimmy Murphy, and would be progressed to the first team by manager Matt Busby. The term was commonly used for players who joined the Manchester United academy during the 1940s and 1950s.

## History
]]
The term was first used in 1951 by Manchester Evening News journalist Tom Jackson. The term was commonly used to refer to the players that won the 1955–56 and the 1956–57 Football League First Division titles.

Eight of the players, being Roger Byrne (28), Eddie Colman (21), Mark Jones (24), Duncan Edwards (21), Billy Whelan (22), Tommy Taylor (26), David Pegg (22), and Geoff Bent (25) would die in the Munich air disaster. Jackie Blanchflower (24 at the time of the crash), and Johnny Berry (31 at the time of the crash) would survive the disaster, but they would be unable to play again.

Two players have been called "The last of the Busby Babes". The first player was Sammy McIlroy, who was the last player that Matt Busby signed for Manchester United. The other player was Jeff Whitefoot, who was one of the last living players of the team before his death in 2024.

## In media
The Busby Babes were first shown in media in the television movie *United*, which was released in 2011. The movie focuses on the relationship between Jimmy Murphy (played by David Tennant) and Bobby Charlton (played by Jack O'Connell) after the Munich air disaster.

## References
Cree Cicchino

**Cree Elizabeth Cicchino** (born 9 May 2002) is an American actor. She began her career as a child actor playing one of the lead roles, Babe Carano, on the Nickelodeon comedy television show *Game Shakers*. She then went on to play Marisol Fuentes on the Netflix comedy television show  *Mr. Iglesias*, and to play Mim in the 2020 Netflix movie *The Sleepover*.

## References
Madisyn Shipman

**Madisyn Shipman** (born November 20, 2002) is an American actress. She played Kenzie Bell in the Nickelodeon sitcom *Game Shakers*.

## References
Kel Mitchell

**Kel Johari Rice Mitchell** (born August 25, 1978) is an American actor, stand-up comedian, musician, singer and rapper. 

He was a regular cast member of the Nickelodeon  show *All That.* He played the Invisible Boy in the 1999 Ben Stiller and Geoffrey Rush superhero movie *Mystery Men*, Kel Kimble on the Nickelodeon sitcom *Kenan & Kel*, and Ed in the movie *Good Burger.* 

Mitchell also was the voice of Dutch in the Disney XD cartoon *Motorcity,* and was Ray in the 2006 sequel to *Like Mike*, *Like Mike 2: Streetball*. He also starred as Double G on the Nickelodeon series *Game Shakers*. 

Mitchell was on the 28th season of *Dancing with the Stars*, but placed second alongside his partner Witney Carson.

## References
Jace Norman

**Jace Lee Norman**) is an American actor. He played Henry Hart in the Nickelodeon television show *Henry Danger*, *Game Shakers* and *Danger Force.*, Adam Baker in the Nickelodeon movie *Splitting Adam* and Rufus in *Rufus* and *Rufus 2*.

## Early and personal life 
Jace Norman was born in Corrales, New Mexico. He has an older brother and an older sister.

## References
Ella Anderson

**Ella Aiko Anderson** (born March 26, 2005) is an American actor. She began her career as a child actor, starring as Piper on the Nickelodeon show *Henry Danger*, and played Rachel Rawlings in the 2016 comedy adventure movie *The Boss*.

## References
Cass Timberlane

***Cass Timberlane*** is a 1947 American romantic drama movie directed by George Sidney and was based on the 1945 novel of the same name by Sinclair Lewis. It stars Spencer Tracy, Lana Turner, Zachary Scott, Tom Drake, Mary Astor, Albert Dekker, Margaret Lindsay, Josephine Hutchinson, Frank Wilcox and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

## Other websites
* 
*
Raccoon Strait

The **Raccoon Strait** is a strait in north San Francisco Bay. It is between the Tiburon Peninsula (mainland Marin County), and Angel Island. The strait is around 27 meters deep, and is around 1 km wide.

## References
GNU Compiler Collection

The **GNU Compiler Collection** (also known as **GCC**) is a free software compiler written as part of the GNU project. It originally only compiled C code into machine language, however, now many frontends have been created to allow it to compile other languages.

As well as being the compiler for GNU, it is used by many other projects, most notably many Linux-based operating systems.

## Languages 
GCC supports compiling the following programming languages:

* C (using the original gcc frontend.)
* C++ (g++ frontend)
* Objective-C
* Objective-C++
* Fortran
* Ada
* Go (gccgo frontend)

## References
Mundamia

**Mundamia** is a suburb in the City of Shoalhaven in South Coast in New South Wales in Australia.

It is about 5&nbsp;km west of Nowra by road.

In 2016, 70 people lived there.

University of Wollongong's Shoalhaven campus is built there.

## References
African Continental Free Trade Area

The **African Continental Free Trade Area** (**AfCFTA**) is a free trade area founded in 2018. The trade system officially began on 1 January 2021. It was created by the **African Continental Free Trade Agreement** among 54 of the 55 African Union nations.

## References
Cuban convertible peso

The **convertible peso** (sometimes given as *CUC$* and informally called a *cuc* or a *chavito*) was one of two official currencies in Cuba, the other being the Cuban peso. It has been in limited use since 1994.

On 8 November 2004, the U.S. dollar was officially no longer accepted in Cuba (though *unofficially* it was). Its value was increased to US$1.08 in April 2005, but went back to US$1.00 on 15 March 2011.

On 22 October 2013, it was announced that the convertible peso would end, being gradually unified with the lower-value Cuban peso. On 10 December 2020, it was announced that the convertible peso will no longer be in effect, from 1 January 2021.

## References
Cuban peso

The **Cuban peso** is the only national currency in Cuba. On 1 January 2021, it became the only national currency when Cuban convertible peso was no longer in effect. 

The peso range from $1, $3, $5, $10, $20, $50, $100, $200 and $500.

## References
2020 United States Senate election in Alabama

An election happened on November 3, 2020 to elect a Senator from Alabama. The two people in the election were Doug Jones (Democratic Party) and Tommy Tuberville (Republican Party). Tuberville won the election with 60.2% of the vote.

## Democratic Party primary
Nobody in the Democratic Party went against Doug Jones in the primary, so no vote happened.

## Republican Party primary
Six people were in the Republican Party primary. Tommy Tuberville won the runoff.

## Results
## References