Mandaue

**Mandaue City** is a city in the province of Cebu in the Philippines. It is one of the three urbanized cities in the island and forms a part of the Cebu Metropolitan area. Mandaue City is on the middle eastern coastal region of Cebu, bordering to its right-side are Mactan Island where Lapu-Lapu City is. Mandaue is connected to Mactan Island via two bridges which includes the Mactan-Cebu Bridge and Marcelo Fernan Bridge  And is bounded south and the west by the Provincial Capital, Cebu City and north by Consolacion which is linked with Cansaga Bay Bridge. The city has an area of about 34.87 square kilometres and has a total population of about 337,320 people.

## History
A community was established in Mandaue by a flourishing group of Indonesian, Malayan and Chinese merchants. The Venetian chronicler Antonio Pigafetta wrote a settlement called **Mandani** existed in the area with a chieftain who was named Aponoan then a few decades later another ruler named Lambusan. Mandaue was established as a mission village (which included present day Consolacion, Liloan and Poro) in 1638 by Jesuit then a century later by the Recollects. The Philippine revolution in 1898 gave the town a new form of administration in accordance with the organic decree of the Central Revolutionary Government. The short lived revolution was overthrown by the American Troops and a battle nearly destroys the town on 1901.
Mandaue was Independent from being an American Commonwealth and a Japanese Garrison on July 4, 1946 along with the entire nation. Mandaue became a chartered city in June 21, 1969 by Mayor Demetrio Cortes Sr. The city was recognized as a HUC (Highly Urban City) on 1991.

## District
Mandaue City is part of the Sixth District of Cebu joined with the municipalities of Consolacion and Cordova. Although qualified for a lone district in 1991 this was neglected by Lawmakers. Mandaue is under the province of Cebu but because it is a Highly Urbanized City it is not under authority to the provincial government and Mandaue is politically subdivided into 27 barangays. The barangay is further divided to a sitio.

### Barangays
Mandaue is divided into 27 administrative villages called barangays.

*Alang-alang
*Bakilid
*Banilad
*Basak
*Cabancalan
*Cambaro
*Canduman
*Casili
*Casuntingan
*Centro (the city's *poblacion* or downtown)
*Cubacub
*Guizo
*Ibabao-Estancia
*Jagobiao
*Labogon
*Looc
*Maguikay
*Mantuyong
*Opao
*Pakna-an
*Pagsabungan
*Subangdaku
*Tabok
*Tawason
*Tingub
*Tipolo
*Umapad

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## Area
The city has a total land area of 3,487 hectares or 34.87 square kilometres. Every square kilometre is inhabited by more or less 8,112 people. Land utilization is summarized as follows:

The city is the 6th smallest government unit in terms of land area; among the Metro Cebu local government units the city is the second smallest next to the municipality of Cordova in the island of Mactan. The city’s land area is only 4.5% of the total land area of Metro Cebu and less than 1% of the total land area of the Province of Cebu.

The on-going North Reclamation Project, now known as the North Special Administrative Zone, currently has about 180 hectares reclaimed land. Of the 180 hectares, about 36 hectares belong to the city. The existing mangrove area will be retained as a Marine habitat, part of the area's parks and open spaces.

It is one of the two (the other one being the municipality of Consolacion) local government units located within the mainland Metro Cebu where the elevation of land is less than 100 metres.

Many of the areas of the city are extremely flat. About 77.37% is within the 0-8% slope category. Barangays belonging to this region are Centro, Looc, South Special Administrative Zone, Cambaro, Opao, Umapad, Paknaan, Alang-alang, Tipolo, Ibabao, Guizo, Subangdaku, Mantuyong, Maguikay and Tabok. The greater portion of the city, comprising about 70%, is dominated by the Mandaue Clay Loam soil series. This is in the 0-2% and 2-5% slope ranges. Faraon clay loam characterizes the rest of the land with slope range from 5-8% and up to 25-40%.

## Population
Oldest accounts of Mandaue's population was written in Bosetta and Bravo's Diccionario between 1637 to 1638 was 11,034. During the first year of its township in 1899, Mandaue had 42 barrios and with a population of 21,086. When Mandaue was a second class municipality in 1964 she had a population of 33,811.
According to the August 2009 Philippine census, Mandaue City has a population of about 337,320 people. This figure is up by 77,592 from 259,728 persons recorded in the May 2000 census. Mandaue has a significantly large population which is in and below the poverty line.

## Festivals
**Mandaue Fiesta**:Celebrated on May 8 in honor of the patron St. Joseph. There are a lot of events that occur in this feast like the Miss Mandaue, Mr. Mandaue, Inter-Barangay Sports Competition, Queen Prince and Prices Coronation or QPP, Rodeos, Mantawi Festival, Bailes, Fairs and many more. This is an evident reminder of the Philippines Hispanic influences.

**Translacion:** (Gathering of the Holy Family) which coincidentally the patrons of Cebu are the Santo Niño and Birhin sa Guadelupe, Saint Joseph in Mandaue City. This is celebrated every January when the three statues meet in The National Shrine of Saint Joseph often called the Translacion where a Fluvial Mass follows after. There are singing and dancing competitions and street dancing that happen during the Bibingkahan in honor of the Sto. Niño.

**Comparsa sa Mandaue** : A theater dance competition that showcases Mandaue's rich cultural heritage celebrated on August.

**Mantawi Festival** : Is an event where tribal dances are accompanied by different beats and is played by a brass instead of the usual drum and trumpet Mantawi Festival is on every May 7.

**Miss Mandaue**: A beauty pageant, that searches for a young woman who will serve as an ambassadress of goodwill and represent the people of Mandaue City in various functions and gatherings in the community...

**Kabayo festival**:
The Kabayo festival is a horse racing event held annually in the second week of February.

**Pasigarbo sa Sugbo**:
It is an event that is held annually in Mandaue City, Cebu International Convention Center every August 14 which shows Cebu’s culture and different festivals,
it is a fiesta of colorful costumes and elaborate props as dancers from 32 towns and cities from all over Cebu compete which ends with a grand fireworks display.

## Infrastructure
Mandaue City's road network is composed of a national highway which connects the city to its neighboring cities and municipalities, a national secondary road which traverses the City's metropolitan area. The total length of the city road network (paved and unpaved) and the four bridges, is about , broken down into:

*National road  - 
*City road      - 
*Barangay road  - 

Road density is 3.83 km per km of land. In terms of population, road density is about 0.52 km per every 1000 people.

Land transportation is being served by PUJ, Utility Vehicles, mini-buses, multi-cabs, tricycles and  trisikads. For cargo, trucks and vans are used. Transport by water uses the Port of Cebu and Cebu International Port. Air transport is through the Mactan-Cebu International Airport. It has direct international flights to Hong Kong, Singapore, Japan, China, Palau, Malaysia, Taiwan, Qatar, South Korea and many major cities in the Philippines.

## Education
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Schools in Mandaue City follow a system of 6 years for primary education and 4 years for secondary education.

### Primary
22 public day care centres
*Sotero B Cabahug Forum for Literacy
*STI Prep School
*Stepping Stones Learning Centre
*Children's Montissory

### Elementary
26 Public Schools
*Private Schools:
*Sacred Heart School – Ateneo de Cebu
*Mandaue Christian School
*Mandaue City Central School
*Mount Olives Christian School

### Secondary
27 public high schools
*Mandaue City Science High School
*Mandaue City School for the Arts
*Mandaue City Comprehensive National High School
*Cabancalan National High School

### Catholic
*Colegio de la Inmaculada Concepcion
*St. Joseph Academy

### International Schools
*Maternelle Filipino-French School
*Royal Oaks International School
*Singapore School Cebu
*Woodridge International School

### Universities and Colleges
*Mandaue City College
*Benedicto College
*ACLC Mandaue
*AMA Computer Learning Center
*STI College
*Gullas College of Medicine
*Cebu Doctors' University
*University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu Mandaue.
* Saint Louis College of Cebu (formerly St. Louis School of Mandaue)

## Economy
===Major Products or Inasal is a pride of Cebu being crowned as the best roasted pig in the world, it is eaten with **Achara** or pickled vegetables. The **Sugba** or Barbecue is either **Isda**(fish), **Baboy** (pork), **Manok** (chicken) or **Baka** (beef) is found in any joints in Mandaue eaten with the **Puso** a diamond shaped hangged rice covered in coco leaves. **Kinilaw** is raw meat usually pork or fish drenched in vinegar and salt. The **Buwad** or dried seafood is very smelly but it is crunchy and chewy. There are some exotic meals you can find like the **Dinugoan** or pig's blood is a eaten like the soup. Barbecued ** Chicken feet** are liked by many locals. + Original cuisine in Mandaue includes the *Bibingka* which is steamed rice cakes mixed with coconut and sometimes egg. 

## Landmarks
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### Cemeteries
*Angelicum Gareden of Angels
*Cebu Memorial Park
*Cempark
*Manpark
*Mandaue Municipal Cemetery
*St Joseph's Cemetery
*Grosmar Memorial Park

### Museums
*856 G Gallery
*Luis Cabrera Ancestral House and Museum
*Mandaue City Public Library

### Parks
*City Plaza
*Pahara Park
*Mandaue Ecopark
*Garden Centre
### Natural
*Monkey Caves
*Cansaga Bay
*Butuanon River
*Casili Hills
*Jagobiao Spring
*Cabancalan-Banilad Sinkholes

### Sports
*Mandaue City Sports and Cultural Complex
*Cebu International Convention Centre.

## Sister cities
* Bacau, Romania
* Bacolod, Philippines
* Baguio, Philippines
* Butuan, Philippines
* Zibo City, Shandong, China
* Shenzhen, China
* Marikina, Philippines

## References
## Other websites
*The Official Website of the City of Mandaue