open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Marlboro County, South Carolina

**Marlboro County** is a county in the state of South Carolina, United States. As of the 2020 census, 26,667 people lived there. Its county seat is Bennettsville.

## References
Broye District

**Broye District** is a district in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. The capital is Estavayer-le-Lac.

It contains the following municipalities:
Wil (Wahlkreis)

**Wil** is a district of the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.

It contains the following municipalities:
* Bronschhofen
* Degersheim
* Flawil
* Jonschwil
* Niederbüren
* Niederhelfenschwil 
* Oberbüren
* Oberuzwil
* Uzwil
* Wil
* Zuzwil
Estavayer

**Estavayer** is a new municipality of the canton of Fribourg, Switzerland. It is on the south shore of Lake Neuchâtel and is between Yverdon and Bern. It is the capital of the district of Broye. It was created on 1 January 2017, when the former municipalities of Bussy, Estavayer-le-Lac, Morens, Murist, Rueyres-les-Prés, Vernay and Vuissens merged to form Estavayer.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website of the municipality of Estavayer
Akihito Kondo

was a Japanese baseball player. He played as a pitcher. He played for the Taiyō Whales in Nippon Professional Baseball from 1960 to 1973. He was named the Japan Series Most Valuable Player (MVP) in 1960. He was later manager of the Yokohama BayStars from 1993 to 1995 and the Chiba Lotte Marines in 1997 and 1998. 

Kondo was born in Takamatsu, Kagawa. He died on 27 March 2019, at the age of 80.

## References
## Other websites
* Akihito Kondo at Baseball-Reference.com
TRAPPIST-1

of the image of TRAPPIST-1.]]
**TRAPPIST-1** (or **2MASS J23062928-0502285**) is an ultracool red dwarf star located almost 40 light years away from the Sun in the constellation of Aquarius. The red dwarf is known for having seven Earth-sized rocky planets around it. These planets were discovered between 2016 and 2017, and are likely rocky and some may even have liquid water on them. Four of these planets (d, e, f, and g) are in the habitable zone, so they are most likely to have liquid water. Three other planets here (b, c, and h) are not in the habitable zone, and are likely not habitable. 
## Planets
In August of 2017, the Hubble Space Telescope possibly found traces of possible water in the atmospheres of some of the TRAPPIST-1 planets.
 

***Trappist 1-b** - The closest planet to Trappist 1 and likely akin to Venus. It's extremely hot (over 1400°K/ 1224°C at the surface) due to the planet only being 1.7 million km from its star. The planet has a likely runaway greenhouse effect that immures almost all of the heat that hits it.

***Trappist 1-c** - The next closest planet to Trappist 1 and also likely Venus like.

***Trappist 1-d** - At the innermost edge of the system's habitable zone, Trappist 1-d could be livable or too hot like Venus, it is debatable. 

***Trappist 1-e** - Squarely in the habitable zone, this planet is likely to have a slightly higher land to ocean ratio than Earth.

***Trappist 1-f** - This planet is probably a water world.

***Trappist 1-g** - The furthest planet from Trappist 1 that is confirmed to be in the system's liveable zone and could be a *water world* with little dry land.

***Trappist 1-h** - The furthest out and the smallest planet in the system. The gravity is similar to that of the Moon and it's likely to be covered in an ice shell.

## References
Westville, Illinois

**Westville** is a village in Georgetown Township, Vermilion County, Illinois, United States. It is part of the Danville, Illinois Micropolitan Statistical Area. Westville's coordinates are  (40.043286, -87.637995). According to the 2010 census, Westville has a total area of , all land.

## References
Bebe Rexha

**Bleta** "**Bebe**" **Rexha** ( , born August 30, 1989) is an American singer and songwriter. Rexha was born in New York City. She signed a contract with Warner Bros. Records in 2013. Rexha helped write Eminem and Rihanna's song "The Monster". The song got a Grammy Award for Best Rap/Sung Performance. Rexha also helped write songs recorded by Shinee, Selena Gomez and Nick Jonas.

Rexha released her first extended play, ''I Don't Wanna Grow Up'', in 2015. It had some success with the song "I'm Gonna Show You Crazy".

Rexha released two more extended plays, *All Your Fault: Pt. 1* and *All Your Fault: Pt. 2*. Those had some success with the songs "I Got You" and "The Way I Are (Dance with Somebody)". She also had success with songs, including "Me, Myself & I" with G-Easy, "In the Name of Love" with Martin Garrix and "Meant to Be" with Florida Georgia Line. The latter song went to number two on the U.S. *Billboard* Hot 100.

## References
Lee Miglin

**Lee Albert Miglin** He trained as an air cadet during World War II, before attending the University of Illinois. Miglin-Beitler had held hopes of creating the project, but these plans would never happen following Miglin's murder. He was 72 years old. He had been tortured with a saw and a screwdriver, his ribs had been broken, he had been beaten and stabbed, and his throat had been slashed with a gardener's bow saw.

In 1959, Miglin married 20-year-old Marilyn Klecka. She was a businesswoman and host of several shows on the Home Shopping Network. They had two children together, Marlena (born 1968) and Duke Miglin (born 1971).

## References
List of cities in British Columbia

with its notable cities]]
A city is a classification of municipalities used in the Canadian province of British Columbia.  British Columbia's Lieutenant Governor in Council may incorporate a community as a city by letters patent, under the recommendation of the Minister of Communities, Sport and Cultural Development, if its population is greater than 5,000 and the outcome of a vote involving affected residents was that greater than 50% voted in favour of the proposed incorporation.

British Columbia has 53&nbsp;cities that had a cumulative population of&nbsp;3,630,140 and an average population of 68,493 in the 2021 census. Sandon held city status between 1898 and 1920. Phoenix held city status between 1900 and 1919.

## City status eligibility 
As of the 2021 census, nine towns – Comox, Creston, Ladysmith, Oliver, Osoyoos, Qualicum Beach, Sidney, Smithers and View Royal – meet the requirement of having populations greater than 5,000 to incorporate as a city. Also, 21 district municipalities meet the minimum population requirements to incorporate as a city.

## Gallery 

File:Vancouver Concord.jpg|Vancouver, the largest city in British Columbia
File:King George Hub District, Surrey 2018.jpg|Surrey
File:Burnaby highrises across Deer Lake.JPG|Burnaby
File:Kelowna Skyline.jpg|Kelowna
File:Kamloops.jpg|Kamloops
File:Nanaimo Skyline 2005.JPG|Nanaimo
File:Victoria, British Columbia Skyline at Twilight.jpg|Victoria, the capital of British Columbia
File:Prince George British Columbia 2011.JPG|Prince George
File:Penticton Okanagan Beach Lakeshore.jpg|Penticton
File:Downtown Prince Rupert.jpg|Prince Rupert

## References
Darren Criss

**Darren Everett Criss** (born February 5, 1987) is an American actor and singer-songwriter. He is known for his roles as Blaine Anderson in the series *Glee* and as serial killer Andrew Cunanan in the limited crime series *The Assassination of Gianni Versace: American Crime Story* (2018). For his role as Cunanan, he won an Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award.

## Filmography
## Television 
## References
Jason Reese

**Jason Meredith Reese**  (24 June 1967 &ndash; 8 March 2019) was a British engineering scientist. He was the Regius Professor of Engineering at the University of Edinburgh. His research was in multiscale flow systems. He won the Philip Leverhulme Prize.

Reese died on 8 March 2019, at the age of 51.

## References
Dobrica Erić

**Dobrica Erić** (; August 22, 1936 – March 29, 2019) was a Serbian writer and poet.

He was the author of many novels, five books of romantic poetry, 23 poetry books, 5 theatre dramas and over 40 children's books. His first book of poetry was published in 1959. His works have been translated into many languages. He lived and worked in Belgrade and Gruža.

Erić died in Belgrade on March 29, 2019 from lung cancer at the age of 82.

## References
Édgar Ramírez

**Édgar Filiberto Ramírez Arellano** (, born March 25, 1977) is a Venezuelan actor and former journalist. He was born in San Cristóbal, Táchira, Venezuela.

He played Carlos the Jackal in the 2010 French-German biopic series *Carlos*. He won the César Award for Most Promising Actor in 2011 for the role and was nominated for a Golden Globe and Emmy Award for best actor.

He also played Larry, a CIA operative in the movie *Zero Dark Thirty*, Paz—a CIA assassin—in *The Bourne Ultimatum*, and Roberto Durán, a four-time world-champion boxer and member of the International Boxing Hall of Fame, in *Hands of Stone*.

Ramírez starred as Gianni Versace in the limited crime series *The Assassination of Gianni Versace: American Crime Story*. He also starred as Bodhi in the 2015 movie *Point Break*.

## References
Geoff Harvey

**Geoffrey John Harvey** (6 August 1935 – 30 March 2019) was an English-Australian pianist, conductor, musical director and television personality. He worked at the Australian Nine Network for 38 years. He was known for starring on *The Mike Walsh Show* and *Midday*. He was born in London.

## Awards and recognition 
Harvey was a recipient of the Medal of the Order of Australia during the 2006 Queen's Birthday honours for "service to the community as a musician and entertainer, and through support for charitable organisations".

## Death 
Harvey died on 30 March 2019 in Berrima, New South Wales at the age of 83.

## References
## Other websites
Ruben Tovmasyan

**Ruben Tovmasyan** (; February 15, 1937 – March 30, 2019) was an Armenian politician. He was born in Yerevan, Armenia. He was the General Secretary of the Armenian Communist Party from 2005 to 2014.

Tovmasyan died on March 30, 2019 in Yerevan from thyroid cancer, aged 82.

## References
## Other websites
*Freedom of information blacklist 2006 
*Armenia update
Cobh

**Cobh**, known from 1849 until 1920 as **Queenstown**, is a tourist seaport town on the south coast of County Cork, Ireland.

Cobh the last port visited by the RMS *Titanic*.

After the RMS *Lusitania* sank in May 1915, its passengers were taken to Cobh.

## Name
The port had several Irish language names. It was first called "Cove" in 1750. It was renamed "Queenstown" in 1849 to honor a visit by Queen Victoria. The name was later renamed again, this time to "Cobh".

## References
Louise Bourgeois

'' sculpture at the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao]]

**Louise Joséphine Bourgeois** (25 December 1911 – 31 May 2010) was a French-American artist. She was best-known for her installation art and large-scale sculptures. She was also a painter and printmaker.

Bourgeois explored many themes over her career, including domesticity, family, sexuality and death.

Bourgeois was born in Paris, France.

## Honors and awards
*1977: Honorary doctorate from Yale University
*1981: Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
*1990: Elected into National Academy of Design
*1990: Edward MacDowell Medal, MacDowell Colony, Peterborough, NH.
*1991: Lifetime Achievement in Contemporary Sculpture Award (Hamilton, New Jersey, USA)
*1997: National Medal of Arts
*1999: Praemium Imperiale for lifetime achievement
*1999: Golden Lion at the Venice Biennale
*2003: Wolf Foundation Prize in the Arts (Jerusalem)
*2005: Austrian Decoration for Science and Art
*2008: National Order of the Legion of Honour
*2009: "Commandeur" of the pataphysical Ordre de la Grande Gidouille.
*2009: Honored by the National Women's Hall of Fame

## References
Frances Farmer

**Frances Elena Farmer** (September 19, 1913 – August 1, 1970) was an American actress and television hostess. She was in over a dozen movies during her career.

Farmer was born in Seattle, Washington. She began acting in stage productions while she was a student at the University of Washington. When she graduated, she began performing in stock theatre. She later signed a contract with Paramount Pictures in 1936.

Farmer's first movie was *Too Many Parents* (1936). That was followed by a lead role in the musical western *Rhythm on the Range* (also 1936).

Farmer was unhappy with the opportunities given to her by the studio. She returned to stock theater in 1937. She was cast in the original Broadway production of Clifford Odets' *Golden Boy*.

Farmer was diagnosed with esophageal cancer in the spring of 1970. The cancer was tied to her lifelong habit of heavy smoking. She died from the cancer in Indianapolis, Indiana at age 56.

## References
Rush City, Minnesota

**Rush City** is a city in Chisago County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 3,228 at the 2020 census. It is fifty-eight miles north of Minneapolis–Saint Paul.

## References
Eduardo Fajardo

**Eduardo Martínez Fajardo** (14 August 1924 &ndash; 4 July 2019) was a Spanish actor. He was born in Meis (Pontevedra), Spain. He appeared in more than 160 movies between 1947 and 2002. He was known for his roles in *7th Cavalry* and *Django*.

Fajardo died on 4 July 2019 while on a trip in Mexico City at the age of 94.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
St. Gallen (Wahlkreis)

**St. Gallen** is a district of the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.

It contains the following municipalities:
* Andwil
* Eggersriet
* Gaiserwald
* Gossau
* Häggenschwil
* Muolen
* St. Gallen
* Waldkirch
* Wittenbach
José Terrón

**José Terrón Peñaranda** (5 July 1939 – 12 May 2019) was a Spanish movie actor. He was born in Madrid. He played Guy Callaway in *For a Few Dollars More* (1965), and Thomas "Shorty" Larson in *The Good, the Bad and the Ugly* (1966).

Terrón died on 12 May 2019 in Benidorm, Spain at the age of 79.

## References
## Other websites
*
Julieta Serrano

**Julieta Serrano Romero** (born 2 January 1933) is a Spanish actress. In September 2018 she was awarded by the Premio Nacional de Teatro. Her best known roles were in *Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown* (1988), *Dark Habits* (1983) and *Teatro de siempre* (1966). Serrano appeared in many movies directed by Pedro Almodóvar.

## References
## Other websites
*
*File at Teatrebcn website
Héctor Alterio

**Héctor Benjamín Alterio Onorato** (21 September 1929 &ndash; 13 December 2025) was an Argentine actor. His best known role was in *La Patagonia rebelde* (*The Rebel Patagonia*). His voice was used in *Ya es tiempo de violencia* (1969), an anonymous movie about the *Cordobazo* riots which took place the same year.

Alterio died on 13 December 2025 in Madrid, Spain at the age of 96.

## References
## Other websites
* Allocine biography
Zuzana Čaputová

**Zuzana Čaputová** (; née **Strapáková**; born 21 June 1973) is a Slovak politician, lawyer and activist. She was the 5th President of Slovakia from 2019 to 2024. 

Čaputová is the first woman to hold the presidency, as well as the youngest president in the history of Slovakia, at age 45. She did not seek re-election in the 2024 Slovak presidential election.

## References
Andrew Cunanan

**Andrew Phillip Cunanan** (August 31, 1969 – July 23, 1997) was an American serial killer and gold digger. He murdered five people, including Italian fashion designer Gianni Versace and Chicago real estate developer Lee Miglin, during a three-month period from April to July 1997. He was a gay prostitute. On May 4, 1997, he drove to Chicago where he killed real estate developer Lee Miglin at his Gold Coast home by stabbing him multiple times. Five days later, Cunanan shot and killed 45-year-old cemetery caretaker William Reese and stole his red pickup truck.

On July 15, Cunanan murdered Italian fashion designer Gianni Versace, shooting him twice on the front stairway of his Miami Beach mansion, Casa Casuarina. A witness pursued Cunanan but was unable to catch him.

## Final days and suicide
On July 23, 1997, eight days after killing Versace, Cunanan killed himself with a gunshot through the mouth while living in a boat as police officials were close to arresting him. He was 27 years old.

## Pop culture
Cunanan was played by Darren Criss in *The Assassination of Gianni Versace: American Crime Story*, which premiered on January 17, 2018. Criss won an Emmy Award for "Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited Series or Movie" and a Golden Globe Award for "Best Actor – Miniseries, or Television Film" for his portrayal.

## References
Battle of Shiroyama

The  took place on 24 September 1877, in Kagoshima, Japan. It was the final battle of the Satsuma Rebellion against the Imperial Japanese Army. The battle ended in the death of the Revolt's leader, Saigō Takamori, and the destruction of his army.

## References
Marisa Paredes

**María Luisa Paredes Bartolomé** (3 April 1946 &ndash; 17 December 2024), known professionally as **Marisa Paredes**, was a Spanish actress. She appeared in famous Spanish and English language movies, including *In a Glass Cage* (1986), *Life Is Beautiful* (1998), *Deep Crimson* (1996) and ''The Devil's Backbone'' (2001). From 2000 to 2003, she was the President of the Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences of Spain.

Paredes died at a hospital in Madrid on 17 December 2024 from cardiopulmonary arrest at the age of 78.

## References
## Other websites
*
Domenico Giannace

**Domenico Rocco Giannace** (21 September 1924 – 28 March 2019), nicknamed "**Mingo**", was an Italian politician and trade unionist. He was a member of the Communist Party (PCI). He served as a member of the Regional Council of Basilicata from 1980 to 1985. He was also mayor of Pisticci from 1963 to 1965. He was born in Pisticci, Matera.

Giannace died on 28 March 2019 in Pisticci, at the age of 94.

## References
Corporal punishment

**Corporal punishment** (also called **physical punishment**) is a punishment which is meant to cause physical pain on a person. 

It is or has been used on adults, mostly on prisoners and people who are slaves. It is still used on adults in some countries, such as Singapore, where offenders are beaten with a special cane.

It is most often done on minors (children and teenagers). Common methods include spanking, belting and paddling.

In some parts of the United States, corporal punishment is allowed in schools. At home, corporal punishment is allowed.

Fifty-eight countries, mostly in Europe and Latin America, have banned corporal punishment in the home or at school.

However, according to a 2014 estimate by Human Rights Watch, "Ninety percent of the world's children live in countries where corporal punishment and other physical violence against children is still legal". Many countries' laws provide for a defence of "reasonable chastisement" against charges of assault and other crimes for parents using corporal punishment. In many countries people have decided for themselves to give up corporal punishment long before legislation was enacted. 

Corporal punishment has been shown to cause aggression and behavior problems in some teenagers and children.

## References
Glâne District

**Glâne District** is a district in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. The capital is Romont.

These municipalities are in the district:
Susan Flannery

**Susan Flannery** (born July 31, 1939) is an American actress and director. She is known for her roles in the daytime dramas *Days of Our Lives* and *The Bold and the Beautiful*.

Flannery won a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series in 1975, and again in the 2000s. She also won a Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year.

Flannery was born in Jersey City, New Jersey. She is openly a lesbian.

## References
Chinatown

, Canada.]]
, USA.]]
**Chinatown** is the name used for neighborhood in any city outside of China where many Chinese immigrants came to live together. Chinatowns became common in cities around the world after China lost the first Opium War with the British Empire. After China lost, many Chinese people became poor, especially people living in Guangdong province. That was where most of the fighting took place. People from Guangdong went outside of China to look for work. They moved to places like Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, and the United States. When Chinese people moved to these places, they usually lived close together in the city they were staying. These became Chinatowns.

Famous Chinatowns around the world include those in San Francisco, New York City, Singapore and Kuala Lumpur.

Most early immigrants came from provinces of Guangdong and Fujian in southeastern China. The common languages there are Toishanese, Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew, and Hokkien. So, these are common languages in many Chinatowns. Also, since most Chinatowns were created before the Chinese Communist Party took over mainland China, most Chinatowns use traditional Chinese characters. However, both simplified and traditional characters are often seen in Chinatowns in Malaysia.

## References
Conroe, Texas

**Conroe** is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. The 2020 census said that 89,956 people lived there. The area of the city is 72 sq mi. (186 sq km.). It is the county seat of Montgomery County. 

Since 2007, the city has become larger in land area and population. Annexation is one of the main reasons for this, which made Conroe go from 52.8 to 74.4 square miles. Conroe had the fastest-growing population in the United States from July 1st, 2015, to July 1st, 2016.

## History
The city is named after Isaac Conroe. He was a Union officer, who went to live in Houston after the Civil War. He became a lumberman and made his own sawmill in the area. Conroe's economy during the late 1800's was largely based on the lumber .

## References
Tottenham Hotspur Stadium

**Tottenham Hotspur Stadium** is a stadium that serves as the home ground for Tottenham Hotspur in north London, replacing the club's previous stadium, White Hart Lane.

It has a capacity of 62,062, making it one of the largest stadiums in the Premier League and the largest club stadium in London.

It is designed to be a multi-purpose stadium and features the world's first dividing, retractable football pitch, which reveals a synthetic turf pitch underneath for NFL London Games, concerts and other events.

"Tottenham Hotspur Stadium" is unlikely to remain the official stadium name indefinitely, as it is widely expected that the rights to the naming of the stadium will be sold. 

The stadium is occasionally referred to as **New White Hart Lane** by fans and some in the media.

## Transport 
The stadium is accessible through a number of London Overground, London Underground and National Rail stations: Seven Sisters, Tottenham Hale, Northumberland Park, and White Hart Lane stations.

The nearest station, at around 200 m away, is White Hart Lane (London Overground), which is being rebuilt, and a Wembley-style walkway for fans from the station to the stadium is planned. 

The stadium area is also served by up to 144 buses an hour. The club will also operate two high frequency shuttle bus services to the stadium, one from Alexandra Palace through Wood Green, and the other from Tottenham Hale.

## References
Tania Mallet

* in Switzerland, 1964]]
**Tania Mallet** (19 May 1941 – 30 March 2019) was a British model and actress. In 1957, she started working as a model at the age of 16. She was best known for her role as Tilly Masterson in the James Bond movie *Goldfinger'' (1964). This was her only movie role.

Mallet was born in Blackpool, Lancashire. Her father was English and her mother was Russian. She was the cousin of the Academy Award-winning actress Helen Mirren.

Mallet died on 30 March 2019, at the age of 77.

## References
## Other websites
*
Gauss's law for magnetism

In physics, '''Gauss's law for magnetism''' is one of the four Maxwell's equations that underlie classical electrodynamics. It was named after Gauss.
Fokker

**Fokker** was a Dutch aircraft manufacturer named after its founder Anthony Fokker. The company operated under several different names starting out in 1912 in Schwerin, Germany and moving to the Netherlands in 1919. During its most successful period in the 1920s and 1930s, it dominated the civil aviation market. Fokker went into bankruptcy in 1996 and its operations were sold to competitors.

## History
Since 1967, Fokker built parts for European satellites. Next year the company made the first Dutch satellite (*the Astronomical Netherlands Satellite*).

## Other websites
* Fokker technologies
* Fokker aircraft
Peter Coleman

**William Peter Coleman**  (15 December 1928 – 31 March 2019) was an Australian writer and politician.

Coleman was a published journalist for over 60 years. He served as editor of *The Bulletin* (1964–1967) and *Quadrant* for 20 years. He wrote 16 books on subjects such as politics and biographies. While he was still working as an editor and journalist, he had a short but important political career. He was a member of the Liberal Party. He was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1968 to 1978. He served both as a Minister in the State Cabinet and as Leader of the New South Wales Opposition from 1977 to 1978. He was also the member for Wentworth in the House of Representatives from 1981 to 1987. From 1979 to 1981, he served as Administrator of Norfolk Island. In 2001, Coleman was awarded the Centenary Medal.

Coleman was born in Caulfield, Victoria. He was a graduate of the University of Sydney and the London School of Economics. He was married to Verna Susannah Scott. The couple had three children.

Coleman died on 31 March 2019 in Sydney, New South Wales. He was 90 years old.

## References
## Other websites
* Peter Coleman at the Parliament of New South Wales website
Jenny Shipley

**Dame Jennifer Mary Shipley** DNZM (née **Robson**; born 4 February 1952) is a former New Zealand politician. She was the 36th Prime Minister of New Zealand from 1997 to 1999. She was the first female Prime Minister of New Zealand. She was the only woman to have led the National Party.

Shipley was born in Gore, Southland. She was raised in rural Canterbury.

Before entering politics, Shipley was involved with several community organizations.

Shipley was elected to the New Zealand Parliament in the 1987 election. She won the Ashburton electorate.

When the National Party returned to power in 1990, Shipley was appointed to the Cabinet of New Zealand under Jim Bolger. She was the Minister of Social Welfare (1990-1996), the Minister for Women's Affairs (1990-1996), a member of the Minister of Health (1993-1996) and a member of the Minister of Transport (1996-1997).

In December 1997, after Bolger resigned as Prime Minister, Shipley was elected as his replacement unopposed.

Shipley was the first Prime Minister to attend the gay and lesbian Hero Parade. 

## References
Ron Elvidge

**Ronald Rutherford Elvidge** (2 March 1923 – 30 March 2019) was a New Zealand rugby union player. He played as a second five-eighth and centre. He was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, from 1946 to 1950. He played 19 matches for the All Blacks, including seven as captain and nine internationals. He also played for Otago at a provincial level. He was born in Timaru. He later worked as an obstetrician and gynaecologist. After the death of Wally Argus in 2016, Elvidge became the oldest living All Black.

Elvidge died in Auckland on 30 March 2019, at the age of 96.

## References
Reiwa era

is a  after *Heisei*. It is the current Japanese era. It is also called the **Reiwa era**. This era started on 1 May 2019. This is the day Japanese' Emperor Akihito's elder son, Naruhito, became Emperor of Japan. Naruhito is Japan's 126th Emperor.

## Politics 
* **2019** (*Reiwa 1*) Shinzo Abe is the prime minister
* **2020** (*Reiwa 2*) Abe is the prime minister until his resignation. Yoshihide Suga replaces him.
* **2021** (*Reiwa 3*) Suga is the prime minister until his resignation. Fumio Kishida replaces him.
* **2022** (*Reiwa 4*) Kishida is the prime minister.
* **2023** (*Reiwa 5*) Kishida is the prime minister.
* **2024** (*Reiwa 6*) Kishida is the prime minister until his resignation. Shigeru Ishiba replaces him.
* **2025** (*Reiwa 7*) Ishiba is the prime minister until his resignation. Sanae Takaichi replaces him.

## References
Nipsey Hussle

**Ermias Joseph Asghedom** (August 15, 1985&nbsp;– March 31, 2019), known professionally as **Nipsey Hussle** (often stylized as **Nipsey Hu$$le**), was an American rapper and entrepreneur. He was born in Los Angeles, California, to an African American mother and an Eritrean father.

## Early life
He attended Alexander Hamilton High School in the neighborhood Castle Heights. As a teenager, he joined Buttervision, a creative multimedia movement of *Digital Guerrilla* led by Dexter Browne. Asghedom chose the name Nipsey Hussle based comedian Nipsey Russell.

## Career
Hussle began his professional music career in the mid-2000’s. In 2005, Hussle independently released his first mixtape, *Slauson Boy Volume 1*. He was later signed to Cinematic Music Group and Epic Records.

Hussle has released many other mixtapes, including the ''Bullets Ain't Got No Name* series, *The Marathon*, *The Marathon Continues* and *Crenshaw*. Rapper Jay-Z bought 100 copies of *Crenshaw'' for $100 each. 

Hussle's first studio album *Victory Lap* was released in 2018. It debuted at number 4 on the *Billboard* 200 and was nominated for Best Rap Album at the 61st Annual Grammy Awards in 2019. Over a year after its release, the album reached number 2 on the *Billboard* 200 in April 2019. His single "Racks in the Middle" (featuring Roddy Ricch and Hit-Boy) debuted at number 44 on the Hot 100, following his death. The song later peaked at number 26.

## Assassination
On March 31, 2019, Asghedom was shot multiple times outside of his clothing store Marathon Clothing in the Hyde Park neighborhood of South Los Angeles. He was pronounced dead hours later at the age of 33. Eric Holder, a 29-year-old, was charged with murder on April 2.

## Aftermath
On the day of his funeral, a portion of Slauson Avenue and Crenshaw Boulevard near Marathon Clothing was renamed to Ermias "Nipsey Hussle" Asghedom Square to honor him and his contributions to the neighborhood.

At the 61st Annual Grammy Awards, in 2020, the song "Racks in the Middle" (featuring Roddy Ricch and Hit-Boy won Best Rap Performance, while the song "Higher" (with DJ Khaled and John Legend) won Best Rap/Sung Performance.

## Trial
On July 6, 2022, a jury in Los Angeles found Eric Ronald Holder Jr. guilty of murder in the first degree. Holder was also found guilty of two counts of attempted voluntary manslaughter, assault with a firearm and possession of a firearm by a felon. Holder was sentenced on September 15, 2022.

## References
Deo

Lica **cu rai uoe ilietiberiu34 saza Mriami&Lica** 

**Gabriela705522460**

Drta uiți ei eivi Live Adrian 20:00 derti ssza cti Sarei **faci tu micuț Frați clienți saza ikui esaza** 

## Other uses 
* Deo, a Latin term for the Christian God; see Deus
*Deo  a Sanskrit word for God
*Deo, a synonym of the Greek goddess Demeter
* Deo, Central African Republic
* Deo, Bihar, a city in northern India
* Western Economic Diversification Canada (French: ''Diversification de l'économie de l'Ouest Canada''), a Canadian government agency
* Deutsche Evangelische Oberschule, a German school in Cairo, Egypt
* Department of Extranormal Operations, a fictional organization from DC Comics

## Related pages
* 
* Dio (disambiguation)
Len Fontaine

**Leonard Joseph Fontaine** (February 25, 1948 – March 25, 2019) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He played as a right winger. He played for the Detroit Red Wings in the National Hockey League (NHL). He was born in Quebec City, Quebec.

Fontaine died on March 25, 2019 at his home in Brigden, Ontario. He was 71.

## References
## Other websites
* Len Fontaine  at Hockey-Reference.com
Kurt Armbruster

**Kurt Armbruster** (16 September 1934 – 14 March 2019) was a Swiss footballer. He played as a midfielder. At club level, he played for Lausanne-Sport. He also played for Switzerland at the 1966 FIFA World Cup. Armbruster was born in Zürich.

Armbruster died on 14 March 2019, at the age of 84.

## References
## Other websites
*
Köbi Kuhn

**Jakob** "**Köbi**" **Kuhn** (12 October 1943 – 26 November 2019) was a Swiss football manager and former player. He played as a midfielder. During his club career, he played for Zürich. He captained Zürich to six Swiss Super League titles and five Swiss Cup wins. He played for Switzerland 63 times, scoring five goals. He was part of the 1966 FIFA World Cup squad. He later managed Zürich and Switzerland.

Kuhn was born in Wiedikon, Zürich and died in Zollikerberg.

## References
## Other websites
*
Fritz Künzli

**Friedrich** "**Fritz**" **Künzli** (8 January 1946 – 22 December 2019) was a Swiss footballer. He played as a striker. From 1961 to 1979, he played in 313 matches in the Nationalliga A scoring a record 201 goals. In 1978, he played part of one season in the North American Soccer League. He played for many club sides, including Zürich, and the Switzerland national team. He played two games for Switzerland at the 1966 FIFA World Cup. Künzli was born in Glarus.

## References
## Other websites
*
Rafael Sánchez Ferlosio

**Rafael Sánchez Ferlosio** (4 December 1927 – 1 April 2019) was a Spanish writer. In 2004, he was awarded the Premio Cervantes for his written work in the Spanish language. He also won a Premio Nadal for his novel *El Jarama* (1955). He helped writing in Spain to become popular again after the Spanish Civil War, along with other young writers such as Juan Goytisolo and Ana María Matute. He later stopped writing for around twenty years. He never said publicly why this was but critics have said it may have been a silent dislike of the Spanish military dictatorship of Francisco Franco.

Sánchez Ferlosio Rome, Lazio, Italy. His mother was Italian. His Spanish father, Rafael Sánchez Mazas (1894–1966), was a nationalist writer and a leader of the Falange. Sánchez Ferlosio was married to writer Carmen Martín Gaite.

Sánchez Ferlosio died in Madrid on 1 April 2019, at the age of 91.

## References
Rheintal (Wahlkreis)

**Rheintal** (English: Rhine Valley) is a district of the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.

It contains the following municipalities:
* Altstätten
* Au
* Balgach
* Berneck
* Diepoldsau
* Eichberg
* Marbach
* Oberriet
* Rebstein
* Rheineck
* Rüthi
* St. Margrethen
* Widnau
Rorschach (Wahlkreis)

**Rorschach** is a district of the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.

It contains the following municipalities:
* Berg
* Goldach
* Mörschwil
* Rorschach
* Rorschacherberg
* Steinach
* Thal
* Tübach
* Untereggen
Sarganserland

at Mels in 2019.]]
**Sarganserland** is a district of the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.

It contains the following municipalities:
* Bad Ragaz
* Flums
* Mels
* Pfäfers
* Quarten
* Sargans
* Vilters-Wangs
* Walenstadt
David Foster

**David Walter Foster**  (born November 1, 1949) is a Canadian musician, record producer, composer, songwriter and arranger. He produced for many musicians, including Chaka Khan, Alice Cooper, Christina Aguilera, Andrea Bocelli, Toni Braxton, Michael Bublé, Chicago, Natalie Cole, Celine Dion, Kenny G, Josh Groban, Brandy Norwood, Whitney Houston, Jennifer Lopez, Kenny Rogers, Seal, Rod Stewart, Jake Zyrus, Donna Summer, Olivia Newton-John, Madonna, Mary J. Blige, Michael Jackson, Peter Cetera, Cheryl Lynn and Barbra Streisand. Foster has won 16 Grammy Awards from 47 nominations. He served as the chairman of Verve Records from 2012 to 2016.

Foster was born in Victoria, British Columbia. He has been married four times, all ending in divorce. His second wife was actress Linda Thompson, and his fourth wife was Dutch model Yolanda Hadid. He has five daughters, including Amy S. Foster (born 1973), a songwriter and author. Since 2018, he has been engaged to Katharine McPhee of *American Idol* fame.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Toggenburg (Wahlkreis)

**Toggenburg** is a district in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.

It contains the following municipalities:
* Alt St. Johann
* Brunnadern
* Bütschwil
* Ebnat-Kappel
* Ganterschwil
* Hemberg
* Kirchberg
* Krinau
* Lichtensteig
* Lütisburg
* Mogelsberg
* Mosnang
* Nesslau-Krummenau
* Oberhelfenschwil
* St. Peterzell
* Stein
* Wattwil
* Wildhaus
Sense District

**Sense District** is a district in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. The capital is Tafers.

These municipalities are in the district:
Werner Leimgruber

**Werner Fridolin Leimgruber** (2 September 1934 &ndash; 2 January 2025) was a Swiss footballer. He played as a defender for club sides Zürich and Locarno. He was also part of the Switzerland national team and played one game for Switzerland at the 1966 FIFA World Cup. He was born in Bern.

Leimgruber died on 2 January 2025, at the age of 90.

## References
## Other websites
*
Barbara Jordan

**Barbara Jordan** (February 21, 1936 – January 17, 1996) was an American lawyer, educator and politician. She was a leader of the Civil Rights Movement. She was a Democrat.

Jordan was the first African-American female elected to the Texas Senate after Reconstruction. She was also the first Southern African-American female elected to the United States House of Representatives. She was best known for her opening statement at the House Judiciary Committee hearing during the impeachment process against Richard Nixon.

Jordan taught political science at the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama for a year. She later returned to Houston. She started a private law practice.

Jordan got a Presidential Medal of Freedom, with many other honors. She was a member of the Peabody Awards' Board of Jurors from 1978 to 1980. She was the first African American female who was buried at the Texas State Cemetery.

Jordan worked as the chair of the United States Commission Reform. The Chair recommended reducing legal immigration by one-third. This work is often cited by American restriction members.

Jordan was born in Houston, Texas. She died due to complications of pneumonia at age 59 in Austin.

## Recognition
* 1984: Inducted into the Texas Women's Hall of Fame
* 1990: Inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame
* 1992: The Spingarn Medal from the NAACP 
* 1993: The Elizabeth Blackwell Award from Hobart and William Smith Colleges
* 1994: The Presidential Medal of Freedom
* 1995: The second ever female awardee of the United States Military Academy's Sylvanus Thayer Award 

## References
Curl

In vector calculus, the **curl** is a vector operator that describes the infinitesimal rotation of a vector field in three-dimensional Euclidean space. At every point in the field, the curl of that point is represented by a vector. Curl is an extension of torque. 

Given a vector field \mathbf{F}, the curl of \mathbf{F} can be written as \operatorname{curl}\mathbf{F} or \nabla \times \mathbf{F}, where \nabla is the gradient and \times is the cross product operation.

## Related pages 
* Divergence

## References
Mohamad Chatah

**Mohamad Chatah** (; 7 March 1951 – 27 December 2013) was a Lebanese economist and diplomat. He served as Ambassador to the United States from 1997 to 2000. He was also Minister of Finance from 2008 to 2009. He was born in Tripoli. He was a Sunni Muslim.

On 27 December 2013, Chatah was killed in a bombing in central Beirut. His killing was called a terrorist attack and an assassination.

## References
Grabs

**Grabs** is a municipality in Werdenberg in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website 
*
Le Pâquier

**Le Pâquier** is the name of two municipalities in Switzerland:
* Le Pâquier, Fribourg, a municipality in Switzerland
* Le Pâquier, Neuchâtel, used to be a municipality (today Val-de-Ruz) in Switzerland
See-Gaster

**See-Gaster** is a district in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.

It contains the following municipalities:
* Amden
* Benken
* Ernetschwil
* Eschenbach
* Goldingen
* Gommiswald
* Kaltbrunn
* Rapperswil-Jona
* Rieden
* Schänis
* Schmerikon
* St. Gallenkappel
* Uznach
* Weesen
Newberry County, South Carolina

**Newberry County** is a county in the state of South Carolina, United States. As of the 2020 census, 37,719 people lived there. Its county seat is Newberry.

## References
Mels

**Mels** is a municipality in Sarganserland in the Seez Valley, canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Jean-Claude Schindelholz

**Jean-Claude Henri Schindelholz** (born 11 October 1940) is a Swiss former footballer. He played as a striker. At club level, he played for FC Moutier, Servette FC (1963–1971) and Vevey-Sports (1971–1973). He also played for the Switzerland national team. He played one game for Switzerland at the 1966 FIFA World Cup. Schindelholz was born in Courrendlin.

## References
## Other websites
*
Jane Smiley

**Jane Smiley** (born September 26, 1949) is an American novelist. She won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. That was in 1992 for her book *A Thousand Acres* (1991).
## Career
Smiley published her first novel, *Barn Blind*, in 1980. She won a 1985 O. Henry Award for her short story "Lily". "Lily" was published in the *Atlantic Monthly*.

Smiley was elected a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters in 2001. She participated in the annual *Los Angeles Times* Festival of Books, the National Book Festival and several others. She won PEN USA's Lifetime Achievement Award in 2006.

Smiley's most recent books are a trilogy of novels about an Iowa family over the course of generations. The first book of the trilogy, *Some Luck* was published in 2014 by Random House. The second volume was in the spring of 2015. The third volume was in the fall of 2015.

Smiley was born near Los Angeles, California. She was raised next to St. Louis, Missouri.

## Awards
Smiley received the Fitzgerald Award for American Achievement in 2006.

## References
Sinéad Cusack

**Sinéad Cusack** (born **Jane Moira Cusack**; 18 February 1948) is an award-winning Irish movie, stage and television actress. Her first acting roles were at the Abbey Theatre in Dublin, Ireland. She moved to London in 1975 to join Royal Shakespeare Company.

Cusack won the Critic's Circle and Evening Standard Awards for *Our Lady of Sligo*. She received two Tony Award nominations: one for Best Leading Actress in *Much Ado About Nothing* (1985). She received the other nomination for Best Featured Actress in ''Rock 'n' Roll* (2008).

Cusack acted in many movies. She played Diana Grayson in the 1996 romantic drama movie *Stealing Beauty* She played a mother in *The Cement Garden* in 1993. Also in 1993, she played Ellie McAllister in the comedy-drama movie *Bad Behaviour*.

Cusack was also on television. She played Sybil in the 2011 TV series *Camelot*. She played one half of a couple in the BBC sitcom *Home Again*. She won the RTS Award for Best Actress for her role in *Have Your Cake and Eat It''.

Cusack was born in Dublin, Ireland.

## Personal life
Cusack married actor Jeremy Irons in 1978. They have two sons.

## Awards and nominations
## References
Abbey Theatre

The **Abbey Theatre** (also called the **National Theatre of Ireland**) is one of Ireland's leading cultural institutions. This theatre is in Dublin, Ireland. It was first opened to the public on 27 December 1904.

The theatre lost its original building to a fire on July 18, 1951. However, in July 1966, the Abbey got a new building.

The Abbey was a nursery for many leading Irish playrights, like William Butler Yeats, Lady Gregory and John Millington Synge. 

## References
Rubén Blades

**Rubén Blades Bellido de Luna** (born July 16, 1948) is a Panamanian singer-songwriter, actor, musician, activist and politician. He performs most often in the Afro-Cuban, salsa and Latin jazz genres.

Blades has won eight Grammy Awards and five Latin Grammy Awards.

Blades' acting career began in 1982. It has continued with several-year breaks in between. His first acting role was *The Last Fight. Other movies include *Crossover Dreams* (1985), *The Milagro Beanfield War* (1988) and *Color of Night'' (1994).

Blades was given the Harry Chapin Humanitarian Award by ASCAP and WhyHunger in June 2011.

Blades' album *Tangos* won a Grammy Award for Best Latin Pop Album in 2015.

Blades played with the Costa Rican band Editus on his albums *Tiempos* and *Mundo*.

Blades was born in Panama City, Panama.

## References
Augusta, Lady Gregory

**Isabella Augusta Persse** (better known as **Lady Gregory**; 15 March 1852 – 22 May 1932) was an Irish dramatist, folklorist and theatre manager. With William Butler Yeats and Edward Martyn, she co-founded the Irish Literary Theatre and Abbey Theatre. She wrote many short works for both companies. 

Lady Gregory produced quite a few books of retellings of stories taken from the Irish mythology.

Lady Gregory retired due to ill health in 1928.

Lady Gregory was born in Roxborough, County Galway, Ireland. She died from breast cancer at age 80.

## References
List of cities in Alberta

This is an alphabetical **list of cities in the Province of Alberta** in Canada.
* Airdrie, Alberta
* Beaumont, Alberta
* Brooks, Alberta
* Calgary
* Camrose, Alberta
* Chestermere
* Cold Lake, Alberta
* Edmonton
* Fort Saskatchewan
* Grande Prairie
* Lacombe, Alberta
* Leduc, Alberta
* Lethbridge
* Lloydminster
* Medicine Hat
* Red Deer, Alberta
* Spruce Grove
* St. Albert
* Wetaskiwin
Francisco Massiani

**Francisco Massiani** (2 April 1944 – 1 April 2019) was a Venezuelan writer and painter. His first novel, *Piedra de mar*, has been a bestseller since it first came out in 1968. The book is a coming-of-age story about a middle class teenager in Caracas. He published many short stories and poetry collections. In 2012, he won the National Prize for Literature. Massiani was born in Caracas.

Massiani died in Caracas on 1 April 2019, the day before his 75th birthday.

## References
J. Mahendran

**J. Mahendran** (; 25 July 1939 – 2 April 2019) was an Indian movie director, screenwriter and actor. He was active in Tamil cinema. He was best known directing and writing the movies *Mullum Malarum* (1978), *Uthiripookkal* (1979) and *Nenjathai Killathe* (1980). *Nenjathai Killathe* won the 1980 National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil.

Mahendran was born in Ilaiyangudi, Madras Presidency. His son, John Mahendran, is a movie director and screenwriter in Tamil and Telugu cinema.

Mahendran died on 2 April 2019, at the age of 79.

## References
## Other websites
*
Sally Jessy Raphael

**Sally Lowenthal** (born February 25, 1935), better known as **Sally Jessy Raphael**, is an American former talk show host. She is best-known for her talk show *Sally* (also called *The Sally Jessy Raphael Show*). 

Raphael's show aired from October 1983 to May 2002. The show covered marriage problems, out-of-control teenagers, pregnant teens and controversial topics.

Raphael won an Emmy Award for her show during the late 1980s. She was nominated again in 1990.

Raphael was born in Easton, Pennsylvania.

## References
Barrie Hole

**Barrington Gerard** "**Barrie**" **Hole** (16 September 1942 – 25 March 2019)

Hole was born in Swansea. After retiring from football, he ran a newspaper shop before selling it in 2004. He died in 2019, at the age of 76.

## References
## Other websites
*
Vonda N. McIntyre

**Vonda Neel McIntyre** (August 28, 1948 – April 1, 2019) was an American author. She wrote science fiction. Her best known novels include *Dreamsnake* (1978), *Barbary* (1986) and *The Moon and the Sun* (1997). She also wrote many *Star Trek* novelizations. She won three Nebula Awards and a Hugo Award. Robert A. Heinlein's 1982 book *Friday* was in part dedicated to McIntyre. She was born in Louisville, Kentucky.

McIntyre died of pancreatic cancer on April 1, 2019 in Seattle, Washington. She was 70. 

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Kate Miller-Heidke

**Kate Miller-Heidke** (born 16 November 1981) is an Australian singer-songwriter and actress. She has five studio albums. She is known for her singles "The Last Day on Earth" and "Caught in the Crowd". She is classically trained, but she has followed a career in alternative pop music. She was signed to Sony in Australia, Epic in the US and RCA in the UK, but is now an independent artist. She represented her country at the Eurovision Song Contest 2019 in Tel Aviv, Israel, finishing ninth overall.

Miller-Heidke was born in Brisbane, Queensland. She is married to musician and songwriter Keir Nuttall. The couple have a son.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*