open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Carolinas

The **Carolinas** are the U.S. states of North Carolina and South Carolina. Both were part of the original Thirteen Colonies, which gained independence from Great Britain in 1783.

During the colonial period, the southern portion of the Carolinas was primarily a support for the British West Indies, where thousands upon thousands of slaves were brought in to feed the growing trade. The same could not be said about the northern part of the region, which was a sparsely populated area and had mostly decommissioned servants from the Chesapeake area, many of whom set up small tobacco farms.

## References
Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau

**Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau** (1 July 1725 – 10 May 1807) was a French nobleman. He served as a general under Louis XIV, and took part in the War of the Austrian Succession (1740-48). He was present at the siege of Antwerp and Namur. With an army of 6,000 people, he helped George Washington in the American Revolutionary War (1775-83). During the Reign of Terror, he was sentenced, but not executed on the guillotine. He was freed after the fall of Maximilien de Robespierre. Napoleon awarded him a title of the Legion of Honor, in 1803.
Tiananmen

The **Tiananmen** is a monument in Beijing, China. It is widely used as a national symbol of China. It was built during the Ming dynasty in 1420. Tiananmen was the entrance to the Imperial City, within which the Forbidden City was located. Tiananmen is located to the north of Tiananmen Square, separated from the plaza by Chang'an Avenue.

## Name
The Chinese name for the gate (天安门/天安門) uses the Chinese characters for "heaven" (天), "peace" (安), and "gate" (门/門). This is why the name is usually translated as the "Gate of Heavenly Peace".
Palazzo Vigo

**Palazzo dei Principi Natoli** or **Palazzo Vigo** is a townhouse in Torre Archirafi, a small village on the island of Sicily. It is part of the Comune of Riposto in the Province of Catania. The building was built in the 18th century by Giovanni Natoli Ruffo, the first Duke of Archirafi. Giovanni Natoli Ruffo built a small chapel next to the palace in 1743. By 1900, the palace and its lands belonged to the Vigo di Gallodoro family. Today the palace belongs to the Comune of Riposto. It is used for art shows, meetings, and talks.

## References
Philippe de Nanteuil

**Philippe de Nanteuil** () was a French knight and troubadour. He was a vassal of Thibaut de Champagne, the King of Navarre. and became Thibaut's friend. Philippe de Nanteuil inherited the *seigneurie* of Nanteuil-le-Haudouin in northern France from his father. His father was also called Philippe de Nanteuil.

Philippe de Nanteuil fought with other French knights in the Crusades. In 1239 he and many other French knights lost a battle against the Ayyubids at Gaza. They were taken prisoner by the Ayyubids and put in a prison in Cairo. Philippe de Nanteuil wrote a famous song while he was in prison. It was called  *En chantant veil mon duel faire*. The song was about the defeat of the Christian knights. It criticized the leaders of the three main military orders, the Knights Templar, the Knights Hospitaller, and the Teutonic Order.

## Sigillum 
(1224) Philippo de Natolio (Natolii) Iuvenis:  
  

One of the ancestors of this illustrious family was Raoul II, Count of Crépy and Valois, the husband of the Queen of France Anne of Russia of the Capetian dynasty, widow of King Henry I of France, and it is for this reason that the family of Nanteuil (lat. Natolii) bears six fleurs-de-lis on its coat of arms.

## References
Tupper Lake (town), New York

**Tupper Lake** is a town in Franklin County, New York. In 2020, 5,147 people lived in the town.

The settlement began around 1844. The village was settled during the town's lumber production period and grew after it gained railroad service. The early village was composed of two parts, Tupper Lake proper and Faust. The town for a time held the distinction as the top lumber producer in the state.

The great fire of 1899 burned more than 169 structures in the village, two-thirds of them being homes. The modern village grew out of this destruction and added all the amenities of a modern community earlier than many other villages in the state. Tupper had its own department store and synagogue, and its sprawling railway yards, driven by the lumber trade, made it a hub for the surrounding Adirondack communities.

## References
Milo of Nanteuil

of Louis VIII and Blanche of Castille in 1223. Milo de Nanteuil is on the far right, holding the king's blue cape]]
**Milo de Nanteuil** (? – 6 September 1234) was a soldier, crusader, and the Bishop of Beauvais from 1218 to 1234.  He took part in the Fifth Crusade and the building of Beauvais Cathedral. He was also the patron of the poet, Jean Renart.

## References
Margaret Barton

**Margaret Barton** (born 27 May 1926 in Finsbury Park, London) is a British actress. She is best known for her role in the 1945 David Lean movie *Brief Encounter* in which she played Beryl Walters, a girl who works in the train station cafe.

## Early career
Barton began acting in the theatre at the age of 12. Because she was small for her age, during World War 2 she became known for playing children and young people. At 17 she appeared in *Pink String and Sealing Wax* at the Duke of York's Theatre and remembered performing while doodlebugs flew overhead. While on the West End stage she was spotted by David Lean and Noël Coward and cast for the part of Beryl in *Brief Encounter*. Her scenes were shot at Denham Film Studios and for other scenes she was invited by Lean to watch from behind the camera.

## Post-war
After the war, Barton continued acting on stage, in movie and for television. She married Raymond James; their son, Michael, died of cancer at the age of 30 and his parents set up the Michael James Music Trust in his memory. Raymond James died in 2016, aged 93. Barton lives in Dorset, where she runs a tea room, and still receives many letters relating to *Brief Encounter*.

## Selected filmography
* *Brief Encounter* (1945)
* *Temptation Harbour* (1947)
* *Good-Time Girl* (1948)
* *Fly Away Peter* (1948)
* *Landfall* (1949)
* *The Romantic Age* (1949)
* *The Happy Family* (1952)
* *The Gay Dog* (1954)

## References
## Other websites
*
Sue Wallace

**Sue Wallace** is a British character actress.

Wallace studied Drama and English at the University of Birmingham, where she met Victoria Wood, with whom she later would go on to work in acting.

She went on to have a lengthy career on television and the stage since the early 1980s in among others, *Juliet Bravo*, *Bergerac*, *Making Out*, *The Bill*, *Common as Muck*, *Heartbeat* and *Doctors*.

She appeared in different roles in various television works by Victoria Wood, including *Screenplay: Happy Since I Met You* in 1981, *Victoria Wood as Seen on TV* in the mid-1980s, the television film *Pat and Margaret* in 1994, one episode of *Dinnerladies* in 1998 and finally in Wood's television historical drama film *Housewife, 49* in 2006.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Doreen Mantle

**Doreen Mantle** (22 June 1926 &ndash; August 2023) was a South African-born English actress who was probably best known for her role as Jean Warboys in *One Foot in the Grave* (1990–2000).

## Career
Mantle worked mainly on the stage in such productions as *My Fair Lady*, *Keep It in the Family*, *The Seagull* and *Hamlet*. She also toured Britain in *Billy Liar* in the role of Florence Boothroyd and performed at the National Theatre in *The Voysey Inheritance*. In 1979 she was awarded the Laurence Olivier Award for her role in *Death of a Salesman*. She also worked on the radio for BBC Radio 3 and BBC World Service. Mantle also had a role in the BBC Radio 4's comedy series *The Attractive Young Rabbi*.

In 1983 Mantle played "Mrs Shaemen" in *Yentl*. In 2011, Mantle appeared in *Coronation Street* as the mother of Colin Fishwick.

She was in many British television series such as *The Duchess of Duke Street*, *The Wild House*, *Sam Saturday*, *Chalk*, *Casualty*, *The Bill*, *Doctors*, *Holby City* and *Jonathan Creek*. She played lollipop lady Queenie in *Jam & Jerusalem* (2006–09). She appeared in episode 63 of *Father Brown* in January 2018.

## Death
Mantle died in August 2023 at the age of 97.

## Filmography
**Black Jack* (1979)

## References
## Other websites
*
Gerard Monaco

**Gerard Monaco** is a British actor, who trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art.

Monaco’s first film was Mike Leigh’s *Vera Drake*. He has since had roles in movies including *Starter for Ten*, Jane Campion’s *Bright Star* and Jerry Bruckheimer’s *Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides*, directed by Rob Marshall.

Monaco's theatre career includes Lindsay Posner’s 2009 revival of Arthur Miller’s *A View From the Bridge*, in which Monaco made his West End debut playing Marco, opposite Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio, Ken Stott and Hayley Atwell.
He has also appeared in a number of plays at London's National Theatre, including Steven Pimlott’s final production, Tennessee Williams's *The Rose Tattoo* starring Zoë Wanamaker (Pimlott died in the second week of rehearsals and artistic director Nicholas Hytner took over as director). He has also played opposite Lesley Manville in the premier of Rebecca Lenkiewicz’s play, *Her Naked Skin* (directed by Howard Davis) and Fiona Shaw in Deborah Warner’s production of *Mother Courage and Her Children*.
Monaco has also performed at various other theatres around the country, notable at the Finborough Theatre where he played opposite Victor Spinetti in a two-hander production of *Albert’s Boy* by James Graham.

Monaco television work includes roles in *As If*, *Eastenders*, *The Bill*, *Holby City*, *Rome*, *The Passion*, *Ashes to Ashes*, *Any Human Heart* and *Episodes*.

In 2007, Monaco was nominated for the BBC New Talent New Filmmaker Award for his short film *The Crusader*, which he wrote and directed.

## References 
* http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1456647/bio?ref_=nm_ql_1
Zoe Cramond

**Zoe Cramond** (born 8 October 1984) is a New Zealand actress. After graduating from Unitec Institute of Technology, Cramond appeared in many theatre productions and television commercials. She was in *Outrageous Fortune* and *Shortland Street*, before deciding to give up her acting career to study graphic design. She returned to acting after being cast in the television film *Panic at Rock Island* and *Go Girls*.

In 2011, Cramond joined the cast of comedy-drama *Packed to the Rafters* as Emma Mackey, marking her first major role. She relocated to Sydney for filming. Cramond competed in the 12th Season of *Dancing with the Stars* in 2012. She and her dance partner Aric Yegudkin came in third place. The following year, Cramond filmed a guest appearance in *Fat Tony & Co.*. She joined the cast of *Neighbours* in 2015 as Amy Williams.

## Early and personal life
Zoe Cramond is from Papamoa, New Zealand. Her parents are both artists, who encouraged her to try community theatre, ballet and contemporary dance. Cramond attended Unitec Institute of Technology, where she studied performing arts.

## Career
After graduating from Unitec, Cramond worked for an underground music station and appeared in several theatre productions and television commercials. She made guest appearances in *Outrageous Fortune* (2008) and *Shortland Street* (2009). After struggling to find acting work, Cramond quit to study graphic design.

Cramond joined the cast of comedy-drama *Packed to the Rafters* as Emma Mackey for the fourth season in 2011. Cramond relocated to Sydney for filming. Her character, Emma, was introduced to the show as a potential love interest for Ben Rafter (played by Hugh Sheridan).

In 2012, Cramond competed in the 12th Season of *Dancing with the Stars*. She was partnered with Russian dancer Aric Yegudkin and represented the Spinal Cord Injury Network. During a dance routine, Cramond fractured four ribs, but continued in the competition. Despite being named the favourites to win, Cramond and Yegudkin came in third place.

Cramond appeared as lawyer Zarah Garde-Wilson in *Fat Tony & Co.* in 2014. She joined the cast of *Neighbours* in 2015, as series regular Amy Williams.

## Filmography
## References
## Other websites
*
Federico Mayor Zaragoza

**Federico Mayor Zaragoza** (27 January 1934 &ndash; 19 December 2024) was a Spanish scientist, scholar, politician, diplomat, and poet. He served as Director-General of UNESCO from 1987 to 1999. He was born in Barcelona.

Mayor Zaragoza is the Chairman of the Foundation for a Culture of Peace and member of the Honorary Board of the International Decade for the Promotion of a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World as well as the Honorary Chairman of the Académie de la Paix.

He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1993.

Mayor Zaragoza died in Madrid on 19 December 2024, at the age of 90.

## References
Hessie

**Carmen Lydia Djuric** (17 April 1936 – 9 October 2017), known by her artist name **Hessie**, was a Cuban textile artist. She lived in France from 1962 until her death. Her creative work was mainly focused on using fabrics, although she also used the technique of collage with waste materials.

Hessie did not attend any art school and developed her own creative technique as early as 1956 with materials that were both affordable and easily available. Fabrics and textile cuts were materials she used from the beginning.

Hessie died in Pontoise, France on 9 October 2017 at the age of 81.

## References
Operation Nickel Grass

**Operation Nickel Grass** was a United States military mission to help Israel during the Yom Kippur War in 1973. The Soviet Union helped the Arab Republic of Egypt and the Syrian Arab Republic begin a surprise attack against Israel on October 6, 1973. Between October 14 and November 14 that year, the US flew 22,325 tons of weapons, tanks, and other supplies to Israel in C-141 Starlifter and C-5 Galaxy cargo planes.

## References
Pulilan

**Pulilan** is a municipality (or a town) in the province of Bulacan, Philippines. It lies 50 kilometers northwest of Manila and is located at the west-central part of the province. It is surrounded by the settlements of Apalit in Pampanga; by Baliuag in the north; by Plaridel in the south; and by Calumpit in the west.

According to the 2015 national census (a total count of the country's population) of the Philippines, it has 97,323 people.

The town is famous for its Carabao Festival, which happens once a year in May. This is where the carabaos (a kind of water buffalo in the Philippines) are walked together on the streets and kneel as they pass in front of San Isidro Labrador Parish Church, in honor to Saint Isidore the Laborer, the town's patron saint.

## Barangays
Pulilan is divided into 19 barangays (villages). These barangays are:
# Balatong A
# Balatong B
# Cutcot
# Dampol 1st 
# Dampol 2nd-A 
# Dampol 2nd-B 
# Dulong Malabon
# Inaon
# Longos
# Lumbac
# Paltao
# Peñabatan
# Poblacion (downtown part of the town)
# Santa Peregrina
# Santo Cristo
# Taal
# Tabon
# Tibag
# Tinejero

## Sources
## Other websites
*www.pulilan.gov.ph
*Pulilan Bulacan
*Philippine Standard Geographic Code 
*Philippine Census Information 
*https://commons.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jf9803Pulilan_Municipal_Hall_Bulacan_Coplexfvf_30.JPG
Stauroteuthis syrtensis

***Stauroteuthis syrtensis*** is a species of small pelagic octopus. It is also known as the **glowing sucker octopus**. The octopus is found at great depths in the north Atlantic Ocean. It is one of a very small number of octopuses to have bioluminescence, meaning it can create light.

The mantle length of *Stauroteuthis syrtensis* is about  and its width about . The fins are some  in width. The eight arms are of unequal length, the longest extending to about .
Bencoolen MRT station

**Bencoolen MRT Station (DT21)** is a MRT station located in Singapore. It opened on 21 October 2017 and is on the Downtown line. It is the deepest MRT station, surpassing Promenade, at 43 meters deep. It reduces congestion at Bras Basah MRT Station, which is a minute walk away.

## References
Cross-sex friendship

A **cross-sex friendship** is a friendship between an unrelated male and female. The term is neutral as regards to sexual implications. There may or may not be any kind of sexual feelings in one or both parties.

## Related pages
* Platonic love
* Heterosociality
* Romantic friendship
Eve Poole

**Eve Poole** (December 29, 1924 - December 26, 1992) was a New Zealand politician of Jewish descent.

## Biography 
She was born in Germany and fled with her family to Mandatory Palestine in 1932. During the war she served in the British army. She married a New Zealand tank commander and after the war she moved to New Zealand.  

Being trained in theatre skills in Israel, she was teaching drama in New Zealand. She went into local politics by becoming a councillor in Invercargill in 1971, and a deputy mayor in 1974. She was mayor of this city on the very southern point of South Island from 1983 to 1992. As a politician she was promoting culture. She was also a member of several cultural institutions. 

She died at the age of 67 in Dunedin. 

## References
Amadou-Mahtar M'Bow

'''Amadou-Mahtar M'Bow''', GCIH (20 March 1921 &ndash; 24 September 2024) was a Senegalese educator. He was born in Dakar.

M'bow served in France and North Africa during World War II after volunteering for the French army. After the end of the war he studied geography at the Sorbonne University in Paris.

M'bow began working for UNESCO in 1953 and was the director-general from 1974 to 1987, being the first black African to head a United Nations support organisation.

M'Bow died on 24 September 2024 in Dakar at the age of 103.

## References
Tomils

**Tomils** was a municipality of the district Hinterrhein in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. It was formed on 1 January 2009, through the merger of Feldis/Veulden, Scheid, Trans and Tumegl/Tomils. On 1 January 2015, the former municipalities of Almens, Paspels, Pratval, Rodels and Tomils merged to form the new municipality of Domleschg.
Domleschg

**Domleschg** is a new municipality of the district Hinterrhein in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2015, the former municipalities of Almens, Paspels, Pratval, Rodels and Tomils merged into the new municipality of Domleschg.

## References
## Other websites
* Official site
Venkatraman Ramakrishnan

**Venkatraman** "**Venki**" **Ramakrishnan** (born 1952) is an Indian-born-American-British structural biologist. He received the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Thomas A. Steitz and Ada E. Yonath for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome.

He was born in Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India.

## Related pages 
*List of Nobel Prize winners in Chemistry

## References
Ei-ichi Negishi

was a Japanese chemist. He was best known for his discovery of the Negishi coupling. He was awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for palladium catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis" together with Richard F. Heck and Akira Suzuki.

Negishi died in Indianapolis, Indiana on June 6, 2021 at the age of 85.

## References
Ningxia

**Ningxia** is an autonomous region of China. It used to be a province. It was merged into Gansu in 1954. It was later separated and made an autonomous region for the Hui people, one of the 56 officially recognised nationalities of China. Twenty percent of China's Hui population lives in Ningxia.

## References
Pentti Holappa

**Pentti Vihtori Holappa** (11 August 1927 – 10 October 2017) was a Finnish poet, writer and politician. He was born in Ylikiiminki.

Holappa held many jobs before becoming a political journalist and eventually obtaining a government post.  He was self-educated, but produced around fifteen volumes of poetry, as well as several novels and essays.  He also worked as a translator; among the poets and authors whose work he translated into Finnish are Charles Baudelaire, Pierre Reverdy, and J. M. G. Le Clézio.  He received the Finlandia Prize in 1998 for his novel *Ystävän muotokuva: Portrait of a Friend*.

Between February and October 1972, Holappa was Minister of Culture and Education in Finland's Ministry of Education, representing the Social Democratic Party of Finland.

Holappa died in Helsinki, Finland, on 10 October 2017 of breathing problems at the age of 90.

## References
Muntaka Connmassie

**Muntaka Connmassie**, CON (10 February 1946 &ndash; 12 October 2017) was a Nigerian judge. He was born in Kaduna State, Nigeria. He served as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Nigeria from 2008 through 2016.

 Before to joining the Supreme Court of Nigeria in 2008, he was a Judge at the Court of Appeal, serving in Port Harcourt, Jos, Abuja, Ilorin, and Benin divisions.

Connmassie died on 12 October 2017 in Abuja, Nigeria at the age of 71.

## References
Edward B. Giller

**Edward Bonfoy Giller** (July 8, 1918 – October 1, 2017) was an American Air Force (USAF) Major General. He was the assistant general manager for military application, United States Atomic Energy Commission, Germantown, Maryland. He was born in Jacksonville, Illinois

Giller was assistant director and then director of the Research Directorate for the Air Force Special Weapons Center at Kirtland Air Force Base in the 1950s and 60s.

Giller died in Bernalillo, New Mexico on October 1, 2017 of pneumonia complicated by Alzheimer's disease at the age of 99.

## References
Downey Studios

**Downey Studios** was a production studio in Downey, California.

## References
## Other sources
* Downey Studios website

* IMDb Profile
* Columbia Memorial Space Center — *near former site*.
Pierre Hanon

**Pierre Hanon** (29 December 1936 in Brussels - 13 October 2017) was a footballer who played mainly for R.S.C. Anderlecht and the national team. He played in the match Belgium-Netherlands in 1964 with 10 fellows from the Anderlecht team after the substitution of goalkeeper Delhasse by Jean Trappeniers. In total, Hanon collected 48 caps.

## References
William Lombardy

**William James Lombardy** (December 4, 1937 – October 13, 2017) was an American chess grandmaster, chess writer, teacher, and a former Catholic priest. 

Lombardy was one of the leading American chess players during the 1950s and 1960s, and a contemporary of Bobby Fischer, whom he coached from the time Fischer was age 11½ through the World Chess Championship 1972. Lombardy led the U.S. Student Team to Gold in the 1960 World Student Team Championship in Leningrad. He was the only World Junior Champion to win with a perfect score.

## References
Anna Lindh

**Ylva Anna Maria Lindh** (19 June 1957 – 11 September 2003) was a Swedish Social Democratic politician, chairman of the Social Democratic Youth League from 1984 to 1990 and a member of parliament from 1982 to 1985 and 1998 to 2003.

## Career 
Joining the government as minister of environment in 1994, she was elevated to minister for foreign affairs by prime minister Göran Persson in 1998 and considered his successor as party chairman and prime minister (neither of which posts had ever been held by a woman) before her assassination in September 2003.

## Death 
Lindh was stabbed in Stockholm on the afternoon of 10 September. She died in a next day at age of 46. Just after 16:00, she was attacked while shopping in the ladies' section of the Nordiska Kompaniet department store in central Stockholm by stabbing her in the chest, abdomen and arms. At the time of the attack, Lindh was not protected by bodyguards from the Swedish Security Service.

## Other websites
* 
*Website of the Anna Lindh Foundation
Satish Chandra

**Satish Chandra** (20 November 1922 – 13 October 2017) was an Indian historian whose main area of specialisation was medieval Indian history.

Chandra has been described as of India's leading scholars of the Moghul period and as one of India's most influential historians. His book, *Medieval India*, has been widely used as a textbook in schools and colleges around India.

## References
Willi Gerdau

**Willi "Ille" Gerdau** (February 12, 1929 in Heide – February 11, 2011 in Uetersen) was a German footballer.

Gerdau was a midfielder, who played for Heider SV.

He participated in the 1956 Summer Olympics in Australia, and also in the national football team of West Germany in 1957.

Willi Gerdau died the day before his 82th birthday.

## References 
* www.worldfootball.net
Our Perfect Wedding

**Our Perfect Wedding** is a South African wedding television show on Mzansi Magic.  The show is well known for giving non-celebrities to give themselves a chance to showcase their weddings on television across Africa and international. 

## Presenter
**Thembisa Mdoda* 
**Abigail Kubeka*

## References
## Other websites 
*
Billy Green Bush

**William Warren Bush** (born November 7, 1935) is an American actor, usually credited as **Billy "Green" Bush** and sometimes as **Billy Greenbush**.

His movie roles include *The Savage Seven* (1968), *Five Easy Pieces* (1970), *Monte Walsh* (1970), *The Jesus Trip* (1971), *The Organization* (1971), *Welcome Home, Soldier Boys* (1972), *The Culpepper Cattle Co.* (1972), *40 Carats* (1973), *Electra Glide in Blue* (1973), ''Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore* (1974), *Mackintosh and T.J.* (1975), *The Call of the Wild* (1976), *The Beasts Are on the Streets* (1978), *The Jericho Mile* (1979), *Tom Horn* (1980), *The River* (1984), *The Hitcher* (1986), *Critters* (1986), *Rampage* (1987) and *Jason Goes to Hell: The Final Friday'' (1993).

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* Billy Green Bush at Rotten Tomatoes
* Wm. Green Bush at the University of Wisconsin's Actors Studio audio collection
Music of Africa

The traditional music of Africa, given the vastness of the continent, is historically ancient, rich and diverse, with different regions and nations of Africa having many distinct musical traditions. Music in Africa is very important when it comes to religion. Songs and music are used in rituals and religious ceremonies, to pass down stories from generation to generation, as well as to sing and dance to.
## Afropop 
Afropop is a term sometimes used to describe contemporary African pop music. Characterized by a mixture of dances and sounds between American pop music and African music, Afropop does not refer to a specific style or musical sound, but the word is used as a general term for popular music. African.

## References
President of Liberia

The **President of the Republic of Liberia** is the head of state and government of Liberia. The president serves as the leader of the executive branch and as commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of Liberia.

The current President is Joseph Boakai since January 22, 2024.

## History
Between 1847 and 1980, the presidency was exclusively held by Americo-Liberians, the original American settlers of Liberia and their descendants. The original two-party system, with the Republican Party and the True Whig Party, ended in 1878, when the election of Anthony W. Gardiner marked the beginning of 102 years of single-party rule by the True Whigs.

Under the 1986 Constitution, the president is directly elected by eligible voters to a six-year term, which may be renewed once. Overall, 22 individuals have served as president. On January 22, 2018, George Weah was sworn in as the twenty-fifth and current president.

## Terms
Under the original 1847 Constitution, the president was elected to a two-year term, which was increased to four years on May 7, 1907. Under this amendment, a new president would serve for eight years and could be re-elected to unlimited four-year terms.

Currently, the president is elected by popular vote to a six-year term and is limited to two terms.

## Eligibility
To be eligible for office under the current Constitution, a presidential candidate must:
*be a natural born citizen of Liberia (per Art, 27(b) of the Constitution, citizenship is limited to "persons who are Negroes or of Negro descent");
*be at least thirty-five years old;
*own real property valued at least $25,000;
*have resided in Liberia for at least ten years.

## List of presidents of Liberia
## References
## Other websites
* Enno Schulz, "Presidents of Liberia .
Bo Holmström

**Bo Erik Holmström** (18 October 1938 &ndash; 13 October 2017) was a Swedish journalist, reporter and author. He worked as a reporter both for SVT and TV4. He was the Swedish reporter covering the  Norrmalmstorg robbery in 1973 and the West German Embassy siege in 1975.

In 2007 he was awarded the Stora journalistpriset for his journalism work.  In 2015 he was awarded an honorary Kristallen at the Kristallen awards. 

In 2016, gangrene in his leg led to its amputation. He spent his last year at a nursing home in Vagnhärad and died on 13 October 2017.

## References
The Killing of a Sacred Deer

***The Killing of a Sacred Deer*** is a 2017 psychological thriller and horror movie. The movie was directed by Yorgos Lanthimos. It tells the story of a surgeon having a familial bond with an evil and sinister teenage boy. The results are disastrous. Lanthimos and Efthymis Filippou won a Best Screenplay award at the Cannes Film Festival.

## Cast
* Colin Farrell as Steven Murphy, Anna’s husband and Bob and Kim’s father
* Nicole Kidman as Anna Murphy, Steven’s wife and Bob and Kim’s mother
* Barry Keoghan as Martin, a teenager who is close to Kim
* Raffey Cassidy as Kim Murphy, Steven and Anna’s daughter and Bob’s sister
* Sunny Suljic as Bob Murphy, Steven and Anna’s son and Kim’s brother
* Alicia Silverstone as Martin's mother
* Bill Camp as Matthew

## Reception
The movie has an 84 out of 100 percent scale rating from the Metacritic, representing high marks. Rotten Tomatoes has rated the movie at 80%, meaning "Fresh".

## Release
The movie will be released on October 20 and 27 for the United States.

## References
Kim Wall

**Kim Isabel Fredrika Wall**, (23 March 1987 - 10 August 2017) was a Swedish journalist. She worked mostly in other countries and was murdered during work, writing a report about Peter Madsen and his submarine UC3 Nautilus in Køge Bugt Denmark. At the time of her death she lived between Gislöv in Trelleborg and Beijing, China.

After school she continued her studies at Lunds University in Sweden. In 2011 she graduated in studies of international relations at London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE). During her years of studies she also studied at Beijing University. She also graduated from studies in international affairs from Columbia University in New York, there she also studied journalism.

During her time as a freelance journalist her work was published in *The Guardian*, *New York Times*, ''Harper's Magazine*, *Vice*, *Slate''. And for her work at Exodus in writing the reportage on nuclear tests and climate changes at the Marshall Islands she in 2016 was awarded the Hansel Meith award for Best Digital reportage.

In April 2018 Madsen was found guilty of killing Kim Wall and sentenced to prison for the rest of his life.

## References
## Other websites 
*Kim Walls memorial site
2017 Liberian general election

**General elections** were held in Liberia on 10 October 2017, electing the President and House of Representatives.  No candidate won a majority in the first round of the presidential vote, so a run-off was held.

The elections are overseen by the National Elections Commission (NEC).

The run-off was held on 26 December. George Weah won the election with 62% of the vote.

## Candidates
Incumbent President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, in office since 2006, is constitutionally barred from running for a third term; the election will thus choose her successor. Vice President since January 2006.
*George Weah, former footballer who was defeated by Ellen Johnson Sirleaf in the 2005 election, has announced he will run for office again.

### Lost in first round
*Charles Brumskine, Leader of the Liberty Party and former President Pro Temp of the Senate
*MacDella Cooper, philanthropist
*Alexander B. Cummings, former Executive Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer of Coca-Cola
*Prince Johnson, former rebel leader
*Richard Miller, businessman
*Benoni Urey, businessman
*Jeremiah Whapoe, businessman

## Opinion polls
## Results
* Second round:

File:2017 Liberian presidential election map by county (2nd round).svg

## References
Tagus

, close to the Spanish border]]

The **Tagus** ( ;  ; ; Ancient Greek: Τάγος *Tagos*) is the longest river in the Iberian Peninsula. 

## Geography 
It is  long,  in Spain and  in Portugal. For  it forms the border between Portugal and Spain. The river flows into the Atlantic Ocean near Lisbon. 

It drains an area of  (the second largest in the Iberian peninsula after the Douro). The Tagus is highly utilized for most of its course. Several dams and diversions supply drinking water to most of central Spain, including Madrid, and Portugal, while dozens of hydroelectric stations create power. 

Between dams it follows a very constricted course, but after Almourol it enters a vast alluvial valley prone to flooding. At its mouth is a large estuary on which the port city of Lisbon is situated.

The source of the Tagus is the Fuente de García, in the Frías de Albarracín municipal term, Montes Universales, Sistema Ibérico, Sierra de Albarracín Comarca. All its major tributaries enter the Tagus from the right (north) bank. The main cities it passes through are Aranjuez, Toledo, Talavera de la Reina and Alcántara in Spain, and Abrantes, Santarém, Almada and Lisbon in Portugal.

## Other websites
Automated external defibrillator

An **automated external defibrillator** (AED) is a special type of defibrillator which can be used by people without medical education. A defibrillator is used to treat certain kinds of heart problems using controlled electric shocks. Almost all heart problems are medical emergencies. For each minute, that such a heart problem is left untreated, the chance of survival drops by about ten percent. Even if they are alerted immediately, emergency teams take some time to arrive. For this reason automated external defibrillators have been placed in locations where they are easily accessible, such as airports, and railway stations.

In many cases, using such a defibrillator will alert emergency services. Very often, the defibrillator will guide the person helping through its use. In some countries such as the United Kingdom, regional public ambulance services provide lists for people to show where all the publicly accessible defibrillators are in their region (East of England Ambulance Services Trust for example).  In some open public locations, defibrillators are secured in special cases which need a code to open them (see the example on the right).  When you call for an ambulance, you tell the operator the location code on the case, and they give you the code to unlock it to get the defibrillator out.

Studies where conducted to see the survival rates of cardiac arrest. They showed that when  public access defibrillators were used, the patient had a median chance of survival of forty percent. When operated by non-dispatched lay first responders they have the highest likelihood of leading to survival.

## References
## Other websites 
* Sudden Cardiac Arrest Foundation
* American Heart Association: Learn & Live 
* American Red Cross: Learn About Automated External Defibrillators 
* Resuscitation Council (UK)
* Sudden Cardiac Arrest Foundation (AU)
* The National EMS Museum
* OpenAEDMap
Commodity substitution bias

**Commodity substitution bias** is a problem with the calculation to find the change in an item's price change over time. 
It occurs when a new item which costs less is purchased instead of an item that was already available. This problem occurs because the CPI ( Consumer Price Index) is calculated from a *"fixed basket"* of goods and services. The CPI ignores the substitution of the inexpensive item for the expensive item. So CPI says the price of the expensive item had increased.
## References
Sasha Clements

**Sasha Clements** (born March 14, 1990) is a Canadian actress. She was born in Toronto, Ontario. She grew up in Toronto.

Cuthbert played Kiki Kincaid in *Majority Rules!*. She also appeared in a movie of *The Snow Queen*. She played one of the main characters in the sitcom *Open Heart*.

## Other websites 
*
Lekh Tandon

**Lekh Tandon** (13 February 1929 – 15 October 2017) was an Indian actor and movie director. His best known directorial works were *Professor*, *Prince*, *Ek Baar Kaho* and *Agar Tum Na Hote*. In the 2000s, he began his acting career with movies such as *Swades*, *Rang De Basanti*,  *Chennai Express*, and *Chaarfutiya Chhokare*.

He shared the 1978 Filmfare Best Screenplay Award for his movie, *Dulhan Wahi Jo Piya Man Bhaye*, with Vrajendra Gaur and Madhusudan Kalekar.

## References
## Other websites
*
* Official Website
Wolfgang Bötsch

**Wolfgang Bötsch** (8 September 1938 – 14 October 2017) was a German politician. He was born in Bad Kreuznach. He was a representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. Between 1974 and 1976 he represented the Landtag of Bavaria. From 1976 to 2005 he was a member of the Bundestag, and between 1993 and 1997 he was the last Minister of Post and Telecommunications. 

Bötsch died on 14 October 2017 in Würzburg, Germany at the age of 79.

## References
2016 United States presidential election in Maine

The **2016 United States presidential election in Maine** was held on 8 November 2016. It was part of the 2016 United States presidential election, in which all other states plus the District of Columbia voted.

## Presidential 
### Polling 
Below is a table with the polling results in Maine. Maine as a whole has voted Democrat in the general election since 1992.

### Results 
### Results by county 
## Caucuses 
### Democratic 
The Democratic caucus occurred on 6 March 2016.

### Republican 
The Republican caucus occurred on 5 March 2016.

## Related pages
* Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2016
* Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016

## References 
## Other websites 
* RNC 2016 Republican Nominating Process 
* Green papers for 2016 primaries, caucuses, and conventions
* 2016 Presidential primaries , ElectionProjection.com
Cinemax

**Cinemax** is an American pay cable television and satellite television network. It is owned by the Home Box Office division of Time Warner. The network usually broadcasts theatrically released feature movies, original series and softcore pornographic series and movies.

As of July 2015, Cinemax and its channels are available to more than 21 million subscribers in the United States.

Cinemax began on August 1, 1980.

The channel and its other channels play a variety of movies and television series, such as *Erotic Confessions*, the *Lethal Weapon* franchise and some adult programming.

Channels of Cinemax include Action, Vanguard, Comedy, Suspense and Classic.

## Notes
## References
Viva Piñata

***Viva Piñata*** is an animated television series. Released in 2006. based on the Xbox video game of the same name.
                                                                                                       
## Main Characters
Hudson Horstachio, a horse piñata with a green teal body.                                                                                                                        
Franklin Flizzybear, a brown bear.                                                                                                                                                  
Fergy Fudgehog, a green hedgehog.                                                                                                                                                  
Paulie Pretzetail, a red fox with a pretzel-tail.
Joseph Boakai

**Joseph Nyumah Boakai, Sr.** (born 30 November 1944) is a Liberian politician who is the 26th President of Liberia since 2024. He was the Vice President of Liberia from 2006 until 2018, serving under President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf.

In 2016, Boakai announced his intention to run for the Liberian presidency in the 2017 general election. He is viewed by many as a safe and uncorrupt candidate. He faced Senator and football star George Weah in the second round, but lost the round to Weah.

Boakai ran for president again in 2023 facing Weah again in a rematch, this time narrowly winning.

## References
Ryan White

**Ryan Wayne White** (December 6, 1971&nbsp;– April 8, 1990) was an American teenager from Kokomo, Indiana, who became a national poster child for HIV/AIDS in the United States after failing to be readmitted to school following an AIDS diagnosis. As a hemophiliac, he became infected with HIV from a contaminated blood treatment (Factor VIII) and, when diagnosed in December 1984, was given six months to live.

A lengthy administrative appeal process ensued, and news of the conflict turned Ryan into a popular celebrity and advocate for AIDS research and public education. Surprising his doctors, Ryan White lived five years longer than predicted but died in April 1990, one month before his high school graduation.

The United States Congress passed a major piece of AIDS legislation, the Ryan White CARE Act, shortly after White's death. The Act has been reauthorized twice; Ryan White Programs are the largest provider of services for people living with HIV/AIDS in the United States.

## References
Dawn Brancheau

**Dawn Therese Brancheau** (née **LoVerde**, April 16, 1969&nbsp;– February 24, 2010) was an American senior animal trainer at SeaWorld. She worked with orcas at SeaWorld Orlando for fifteen years, including a leading role in revamping the *Shamu* show, and was SeaWorld's poster girl.

Brancheau was killed by an orca, Tilikum, becoming the only SeaWorld trainer killed by an animal. However, her death was the third fatality associated with Tilikum, and many other trainers have been seriously injured by orcas.

## References
Malix

**Malix** was a municipality of the district of Plessur of the Swiss canton of Graubünden.

On 1 January 2010, the former municipalities of Malix and Parpan merged into the municipality of Churwalden.

## Other websites
Paul F. Tompkins

**Paul Francis Tompkins**

## Career
### Early work
In 1986, Tompkins first performed comedy at 17 years of age at the Comedy Works in Philadelphia (a club now located in Bristol, Pennsylvania), where he performed as half of a sketch comedy duo with the late Rick Roman.

Tompkins attended Temple University; however, he dropped out and left for Los Angeles, California in 1994.

## Filmography
## Television
## References
## Other websites
* Official website
* 
* 
* 
* *The Pod F. Tompkast*
Harvey Weinstein

**Harvey Weinstein** /wɑɪnstin/ (born March 19, 1952) is an American movie producer, movie studio executive. He and his brother Bob Weinstein co-founded Miramax, which produced several popular independent movies including *Pulp Fiction*, *Clerks*, *The Crying Game*, and *Sex, Lies, and Videotape*.

As of 2025, he is serving a 16-year prison sentence. Earlier (May 2024), the justice system said that he will have to go through a trial in the future; the date has not been set (as of the beginning of May). Earlier (2020), there was a trial that said he was a rapist. He was convicted to 23 years in prison. In April 2024, a court of appeal in New York, said this conviction (from 2020) was not valid.  The judge said that Weinstein did not get a fair trial.

## Career
Weinstein won an Academy Award for producing *Shakespeare in Love*, and won seven Tony Awards for producing a variety of winning plays and musicals, including *The Producers*, *Billy Elliot the Musical*, and *August: Osage County*.

Weinstein and his brother Bob were co-chairmen of The Weinstein Company from 2005 to 2017.

Weinstein is Jewish and a Democrat.

In Oscar acceptance speeches given since 1966, Weinstein has been thanked a total of 34 times by actors and actresses – equalling thanks given to God, and second only to Steven Spielberg with 43 mentions.

## Sexual harassment allegations
In October 2017, following many allegations of sexual harassment, sexual assault and rape, Weinstein was fired by his company's board of directors, and expelled from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. As a result, the #MeToo movement began to raise awareness of victims of sexual abuse and harassment.

## Arrest and trial
On May 25, 2018, Weinstein was arrested in New York, charged with rape and other offenses, and released on bail.

On February 24, 2020, he was found guilty of two of five felonies in New York, charges which carry a sentence of up to twenty five years.

## Health
On March 22, 2020, Weinstein was diagnosed with COVID-19 while in prison in New York.

In October 2024, it was reported that he had been diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia.

## References
## Notes
Medina, Washington

**Medina** is a city located in the Eastside, a region of King County, Washington, United States. Surrounded on the north, west, and south by Lake Washington, opposite Seattle. Medina is bordered by Clyde Hill and Hunts Point, as well as the satellite city of Bellevue. The city's population was 2,915 at the 2020 census. The city is mostly residential and includes Bill Gates's house.

## References
Isnilon Hapilon

**Isnilon Totoni Hapilon** (March 18, 1966 – October 16, 2017), also known by the *nom de guerre* **Abu Abdullah al-Filipini** ("Abu Abdullah the Filipino"), was a Filipino Islamist militant affiliated with ISIS.

He was formerly leader of Abu Sayyaf Group before its battalions pledged their allegiance to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.

An April 2016 issue of ISIS' weekly newsletter *Al Naba* said that Hapilon had been appointed as "emir of all Islamic State forces in the Philippines".

In the early morning of October 16, 2017, he was killed at the age of 51 by the Philippine military in the Battle of Marawi along with Omar Maute.

## References
Sean Hughes

**Sean Hughes** (born **John Hughes**; 10 November 1965 – 16 October 2017) was an English-born Irish stand-up comedian, writer and actor. He starred in his own Channel 4 television show ''Sean's Show* and was one of the regular team captains on the BBC Two musical panel game *Never Mind the Buzzcocks''. He was born in London.

Hughes died on 16 October 2017 from cardiac arrest complicated by cirrhosis of the liver in London, aged 51.

## References
## Other websites
* – official site
*Sean Hughes at the British Film Institute
*Sean Hughes on Chortle
*
Daphne Caruana Galizia

**Daphne Anne Caruana Galizia** (; 26 August 1964 – 16 October 2017) was a Maltese journalist and blogger. She was known for her work as an investigative journalist and revealing controversial sensitive information, including reports and allegations related to the Panama Papers. 

She was born as **Daphne Anne Vella** on 26 August 1964 in Sliema, Crown Colony of Malta. She studied at University of Malta. Her career began in 1987. She was married to Peter Caruana Galizia from 1985 until her assassination in 2017. They have three sons.

## Death 
Caruana Galizia was assassinated by a car bomb explosion close to her home in Bidnija on 16 October 2017. The perpetrator is currently unknown. She was 53 years old.

The Life and Work of Daphne Caruana Galizia*

## References
Valdivia Province

The **Valdivia Province** () is one of the two provinces in the Chilean region of Los Ríos (XIV). The capital of the province, and of the region, is the city of Valdivia.

## Geography
The Valdivia province is in the northern half of the Los Ríos region with an area of .

## Population
 (last national census), there were 259,243 people living in the province, giving it a population density of  inhabitants/km². The urban population was 192,066 persons ( of the total population).

The largest city of the province, in 2002, is its capital, Valdivia, with 127,750 inhabitants.

## Administration
As a province, Valdivia is a second-level administrative division, consisting of 8 communes (*comunas*). The city of Valdivia serves as the provincial capital. The province is administered by a governor.

## Related pages
* Provinces of Chile

## References
## Other websites
* Territorial division of Chile 
* Gobierno Regional de Los Ríos  Official website 
* Province of Valdivia website
Abdul Ali Mazari

**Abdul Ali Mazari** () was an ethnic Hazara politician and leader of the Hezbe Wahdat political party in Afghanistan.

## Biography 
Abdul Ali Mazari was born in 1946, in Charkent District, Balkh Province, Afghanistan, He died in March 1995, in Ghazni Province, Afghanistan.

## Related pages 
* Hezbe Wahdat
* Hazara people

## References