open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Blue blanquillo

The **blue blanquillo** (*Malacanthus latovittatus*, also known as the **banded blanquillo**, **striped blanquillo**, **false whiting**, **sand tilefish** or **eye of the sea**) is a species of tilefish. It is one of the many members of the family Malacanthidae. It is the only species within the genus *Malacanthus*.

## Description
Fish from the family Malacanthidae have streamlined bodies and large crests on their head. They have relatively long dorsal fins and anal fins. The blue blanquillo gets its name from its mainly blue colour. It also has some shades of yellow, and can change colour in different situations. On their backs, there is a set of stripes that run across its body. Their belly is white. The colour of the head changes from a light blue to a pinkish mix during spawning season.

## Where they live
Blue blanquillo fish are usually found in the Indo-Pacific area. They live anywhere from the Red Sea to the Line Islands, north to southern Japan and south to New Caledonia and the Cook Islands. They are often seen in areas around coral reefs near the sea floor. They are known to clean other fish. They also mimic the wrasse to stop predators from eating it.

The fish can swim at depths of . The temperatures of the water it swims in normally range from . They tend to swim high above the floor of the sea. This is so that they can pick prey from the ground with their eyesight, which is very good.

## Ecology
The blue blanquillo's main staple are the invertebrates or zooplankton that live near the bottom of the sea. They also eat crustaceans such as crabs and shrimp, molluscs, worms, sea urchins and small fish. Their common predators are reef sharks, and other larger fish. They are also eaten by humans.

## References
Mii

A **Mii** is a customizable character created by players of Nintendo's video game consoles. Miis made their first appearance on the Wii when it was released. They also appear on the Nintendo 3DS, Wii U, Nintendo Switch and Nintendo Switch 2 consoles, and in some games for the Nintendo DS. Miis allow players to create a caricature of themselves, other people, or of invented characters. They are created in the Mii Channel on the Wii, in the Mii Maker on the 3DS and Wii U, and, unfortunatey,  in system settings on the Nintendo Switch and Switch 2. The Nintendo DS does not have a way to make Miis on the console itself, but the games that use Miis include a Mii Maker to let players create them.

The player can change the look of a Mii in many ways. They can give it different hairstyles, eyes, nose, and mouth shapes. They can change the eye and hair color of a Mii. (Players can only choose from a few colors on older consoles, but on the Nintendo Switch, a Mii's eye and hair color can be any color.) They can also give a Mii facial hair and wrinkles. Accessories such as hats and glasses can be added. The player can change the size of things like the Mii's eyes, nose, and mouth. The player can change a Mii's height and weight. On the 3DS and Wii U, the player can take a picture of their face, and the console creates a Mii for them. However, as it uses 10-year-old tech, these Miis aren't usually very good, so thankfully, the player can then change their Mii to their liking.

When the player makes a Mii, they can use it in many different video games. Some games use Miis for all the characters, such as *Wii Sports*, *Tomodachi Life*, and *Miitopia*. Many other games use Miis and also have other characters, such as *Mario Kart Wii* and *Super Smash Bros. Ultimate*. A lot of games on the Wii and 3DS use Miis as a profile picture, such as the Rhythm Heaven series.

## Famous Miis 
Miis can be found in many places in modern pop-culture. Here are some examples:

**Hamburger Mii** (also known as "beef boss"): The Hamburger Mii, mostly known as "beef boss" is a Mii whose original creator is unknown. The Mii resembles the image of a burger by using the wide variety of customization options on the Mii Maker. The Mii was recently popularized by the Youtuber and Twitch Streamer Poofesure, who uses the Mii in most of his game playthroughs.

**Matt**: "Matt" is the in-game name of one of the 60 CPU Miis made by Nintendo for their Wii-series games. Matt is found in all of the Wii series games, but is most iconic for his appearance in *Wii Sports* and *Wii Sports Resort*  as the champion in the sports Boxing and Swordplay, and being particularly difficult to defeat. Matt was also popularized as an internet-meme.

**Celebrity Miis (or Celebritiis)**: There are many famous Miis of celebrities, Nintendo employees and characters from pop culture that have become memes in the Nintendo community. Some of these include Shaq (basketball player, Reggie Fils-Aimé (former president of Nintendo Of America) and Peter Griffin (yes, from Family Guy).

## References
Miomantinae

**Miomantinae** is a subfamily of mantids. The species look and behave similar to other insects of the Mantidea family. It includes 2 tribes: Miomantini and Rivetinini.

There are about 28 subfamilies of this species in Australia. They mainly live in temperate regions across the country. They are also found across temperate areas of New Zealand.  

The only species of this subfamily present in Italy are *Geomantis larvoides* and *Rivetina Baetica*. 

## Taxonomy
*'' 'Subfamily Miomantinae'*
Tribes ** Miomantini
* Genus* Arria* Stal, 1877
* Genus* Cilnia* Stal, 1876
* Genus* Miomantis* Saussure, 1870
* Genus* Neocilnia* Beier, 1930
* Genus* Paracilnia* Werner, 1909
* Genus* Parasphendale* Schulthess-Schildler, 1898
* Genus* Sphodropoda* Stal, 1871
* Genus* Taumantis* Giglio-Tos, 1917
* Genus* Trachymantis* Giglio-Tos, 1917
* Genus* Zopheromantis* Tindale, 1924
Tribes ** Rivetinini
* Genus* Bolivaria* Stal, 1877
* Genus* Carvilia* Stal, 1876
* Genus* Deiphobe* Stal, 1877
* Genus* Deiphobella* Giglio-Tos, 1916
* Genus* Eremoplana* Stal, 1871
* Genus* Euchomena* Saussure, 1870
* Genus* Geomantis* Pantel, 1896
* Genus* Geothespis* Giglio-Tos, 1916
* Genus* Gretella* Werner 1923
* Genus* Indothespis* Werner, 1935
* Genus* Ischnomantis* Stal, 1871
* Genus* Microthespis* Werner, 1908
* Genus* Pararivetina* Beier, 1930
* Genus* Pseudempusa* Brunner v.. W., 1893
* Genus* Rivetina* Berland & Chopard, 1922
* Genus* Rivetinula* La Greca, 1977
* Genus* Solygia* Stal, 1877
* Genus* Teddia'' Burr, 1899

## References
Valerie

The name **Valerie** [ **val**-*uh*-ree ] is an almost all-girl given name. Valerie is a name that has been well-liked for many years due to its pleasing sound. Its origins can be traced back to the Latin language, where it comes from the word "valere," meaning "to be strong." This name has been adopted in different cultures and languages, including French, English, and German, and it has an interesting and varied history. The name was taken from the French *Valérie* and from the Latin **Valeria**. The name is extremely popular in several countries and United States. This name was ranked #153 on the US Popular Names in 2021. There are many celebrities by the name, including Valerie Harper, Valerie Perrine and the feminist Valerie Solanas. There are a lot of songs named as "Valerie". This name is being used on List Four of Atlantic Hurricane Names List.

## People 
* Valerie Bertinelli, American actress
* Valerie Harper, American actress (1939-2019)
* Valerie Van Ost, British actress (1944-2019)
* Valerie Jarrett, American businesswoman and a former government official

## References
Vanessa (name)

The name **Vanessa** is a popular female name. Vanessa is a charming and trendy moniker for female infants, with a fascinating backstory and significant connotations, rendering it an ideal option for parents who desire a name that is exclusive and significant. The term Vanessa comes from Greek roots, translating to "butterfly." Its usage as a given name began in the 18th century, when Irish writer Jonathan Swift fashioned it as a pen name for his associate Esther Vanhomrigh. The name gained traction in the 20th century and has endured as a widely favored choice for baby girls. It was created around 1708. The name was the 71st most popular female name for girls in the United States for 2007. It first appeared across the Top 1000 female names in the United States around 1950. This name was ranked #253 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

## People 
* Vanessa Williams, American actress, singer and former Miss America
* Vanessa Hudgens, American actress and singer

## References
Jacuzzi

**Jacuzzi** is an American company. It makes whirlpool bathtubs and hot-tub spas. Its first product was a bath with massaging jets.
Eurocopter EC225 Super Puma Mk-2

police.]]
The **Eurocopter EC225 Super Puma Mk-2** is a medium helicopter designed and built in France by Eurocopter. It's a modernized variant of the Eurocopter AS-332 Super Puma. Originally civilian, it's also a military helicopter, used for transport, search and rescue, and support. Maiden flight in 2000, it's in production in 2013. Some are used by French Navy as replacement of formers Super Frelon.
Kamov Ka-60 Kasatka

The **Kamov Ka-60 Kasatka** is a Russian light helicopter. It was designed and built to replace the Mil Mi-8. Its first flight was in December 1998. It is used by the Russian Air Force. **Kasatka** is the Russian word for Killer Whale.

## Bibliography 
* Jackson, Robert, *Helicopters: Military, Civilian, and Rescue Rotorcraft* (The Aviation Factfile).  London: Grange Books Ltd, 2005. .
* Gaillard, Pierre, ''Avions et hélicoptères militaires d'aujourd'hui'' Paris, France : Larivière éditions, 1999.  .

## Other websites
* Information on the KA-62 on kahelicopter.com
The Golden Palace

***The Golden Palace*** is an American sitcom. It is a spin-off of the sitcom *The Golden Girls*. It was shot from 1992-1993. They have as help the receptionist Roland Wilson (Don Cheadle) and the cook Chuy Castillos (Cheech Marin). Sometimes the young Oliver (Billy L. Sullivan) appears.

## Characters
* **Rose Nylund** (Betty White)
* **Blanche Devereaux** (Rue McClanahan)
* **Sophia Petrillo Weinstock** (Estelle Getty)
* **Roland Wilson** (Don Cheadle) is the hotel manager.
* **Chuy Castillos** (Cheech Marin) is the cook.
* **Oliver Webb** (Billy L. Sullivan)

## Background
* Bea Arthur didn't play in this series.
* They shot only 24 episodes. Many people said that without Bea Arthur, the series would be unsuccessful.
Room in Rome

***Room in Rome*** is a 2010 Spanish erotic romance and drama movie. This movie looks at seduction and lesbian romances. This movie was shot around Rome and Madrid. It was released in April 2010. It stars Elena Anaya and Natasha Yarovenko.

## Plot
Alba, a 30-something Spanish tourist in Rome, brings a younger Russian woman named Natasha to her hotel room. It's the last night of vacation in Rome. The details of how they met in a club are vague. Natasha at first refuses, and says she is straight. However, Alba keeps wanting to have sex with Natasha. Natasha keeps saying that she has never had sex with a woman. 

Natasha and Alba get undressed and into bed, though Natasha is still nervous. Alba suggests they lay side by side and only casually touch each other's faces. They do that until Alba becomes so relaxed she falls asleep. Natasha quietly gets out of bed, gets dressed and leaves the room. She wonders what would have happened if she had given sex to Alba. But Natasha leaves one thing behind: her cell phone. It rings and wakes up Alba. Natasha returns to the hotel room and asks for her cell phone. But she does not want to enter the room again. However, Alba grabs Natasha and takes her back into the room. They get undressed once again and into bed. Natasha and Alba have sex for the first time.

Over the next ten hours, Natasha and Alba grow close to one another. Natasha becomes more relaxed around Alba about their love-making. The two women share stories of their past.

But eventually, the two women tell each other the truth. Natasha says that her real name is Dasha. She is also a professional tennis player on vacation. Alba then tells she is a mechanical engineer and inventor. She is in Rome on business. She also lives with a woman in Spain.

Alba tells Natasha that she is falling in love with her. Natasha, though, gets more defensive. She says her attraction to Alba is only from curiosity toward the same sex and not love.

The two women have sex one last time. Then, they decide to leave and return to their lives in Russia and Spain.

## Reception
The movie received mixed reviews. Jonathan Holland gave a mixed review. He liked the acting, though said director Julio Modem was more interested in his ideas than the people. The Rotten Tomatoes rated the movie at 50%.

## References
Richmond, London

**Richmond** is a wealthy town on the Thames in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames in Greater London. Richmond's postcodes are TW9 and TW10. About 25,000 people live in the town.

## Transport 
### Road 
The A305, A307, A316, B321, B322 and B353 roads pass through Richmond.

### Rail 
Richmond has a station called Richmond station.

There are South Western Railway, District line and Overground trains.

## References
The Mighty Ducks

***The Mighty Ducks*** is a 1992 sports comedy movie set in Minneapolis. It was directed by Stephen Herek. It stars Emilio Estevez. It was produced by Avent-Kerner Productions. *Mighty Ducks* was distributed by Walt Disney Pictures. It is the first movie in *The Mighty Ducks* movie series. In the United Kingdom and Australia, the movie was titled *Champions*. The home video release in the UK are titled *The Mighty Ducks Are the Champions*.

## Cast
* Emilio Estevez as Gordon Bombay
* Joss Ackland as Hans
* Lane Smith as Coach Jack Reilly
* Heidi Kling as Casey Conway
* Josef Sommer as Mr. Gerald Ducksworth
* Joshua Jackson as Charlie Conway
* Elden Henson as Fulton Reed
* Shaun Weiss as Greg Goldberg
* M. C. Gainey as Lewis
* Reid Allen as Jake
* Matt Doherty as Les Averman
* Brandon Adams as Jesse Hall
* J. D. Daniels as Peter Mark
* Aaron Schwartz as Dave Karp
* Garette Ratliff Henson as Guy Germaine
* Marguerite Moreau as Connie Moreau
* Danny Tamberelli as Tommy Duncan
* Jane Plank as Tammy Duncan
* Jussie Smollett as Terry Hall
* Vincent Larusso as Adam Banks
* Michael Ooms as McGill
* Casey Garven as Larson
* Hal Fort Atkinson III as Phillip Banks
* Basil McRae as Himself
* Mike Modano as Himself
* John Beasley as Mr. Hall
* Brock Pierce as Gordon Bombay - 10 years old
* Robert Pall as Gordon's Father
* John Paul Gamoke as Mr. Tolbert
* Steven Brill as Frank Huddy

## Other websites 
* 
* 
* 
*
Nia Vardalos

**Antonia Eugenia "Nia" Vardalos** (born September 24, 1962) is a Canadian actress and screenwriter. She has performed in several movies. She starred in comedies *My Big Fat Greek Wedding* in 2002, and *Connie and Carla* in 2004. She later began acting in more independent movies. She starred in My Big Fat Greek Life and *My Big Fat Greek Wedding 2*. 

Vardalos was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Her parents are Greeks. She got United States citizenship in 1999.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Otto Pérez Molina

**Otto Fernando Pérez Molina** (born 1 December 1950) is a Guatemalan politician and retired military officer. He served as President of Guatemala from January 14, 2012 until his resignation on September 2, 2015.

Molina was born on 1 December 1950 in Guatemala City, Guatemala. He studied at School of the Americas and at the Inter-American Defense College. Molina has been married to Rosa Leal. They have two children.

## References
## Other websites
*Otto Pérez Molina: Patriotic Party profile
*Biography by CIDOB  (in Spanish)
*US Government Glosses Over War Crime Accusations Against Leading Guatemalan Presidential Candidate 
*Notorious Graduates (of the School of the Americas) from Guatemala 
*Guatemalan Election Marred by Violence 
*Guatemala: Six Months to Examine the Past and Define the Future 
*Guatemala (1983 documentary): Parts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Hocus Pocus (movie)

***Hocus Pocus*** is a 1993 American family fantasy horror comedy movie. It was directed by Kenny Ortega. It stars Bette Midler, Sarah Jessica Parker and Kathy Najimy. The movie is about a family of witches, known as the Sanderson Sisters. They were resurrected by a teenager named Max (Omri Katz) along with his sister Dani (Thora Birch) and girlfriend Allison (Vinessa Shaw). The movie received negative reviews from movie critics. However, it performed well in theaters where it grossed $39,514,713. After the movie was released on home video, it received a cult following.

## Plot 
Three sisters, who are witches, are sentenced to death in the 17th century. They returned 300 years later because of a curse by Winifred Sanderson (Bette Midler). Three kids try using a chant to stop them from scaring modern-day Salem, Massachusetts on Halloween. They plan to turn immortal with the lives of modern day trick-or-treaters.

## Release 
### Theatrical
*Hocus Pocus* was released in the United States and Canada on July 16, 1993. It opened in fourth place with $8.1 million. The movie grossed $5.2 million in its second week. The movie fell out of the top ten, ending its domestic box office run with $39.5 million. The film was released to foreign markets in October 1994.

### Home video and television
The movie was released to VHS in North America on January 5, 1994. Walt Disney Masterpiece Collection release on April 2, 1996. After part of the Walt Disney Gold Classic Collection release on August 2, 2000 and later to DVD on June 4, 2002. Someone as the VHS and DVD release on September 2, 2003 in the United States in THX. It continues to show strong annual sales. It ranks in more than $1 million in DVD sales each October.

## Cast 
*Bette Midler - Winifred Sanderson
*Sarah Jessica Parker - Sarah Sanderson
*Kathy Najimy - Mary Sanderson
*Jason Marsden - Voice of Thackery Binx (voice)
*Omri Katz
*Thora Birch
*Vinessa Shaw

## Awards and nominations 
## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Eurocopter AS-332 Super Puma

The **Eurocopter AS-332 Super Puma** is a civilian and military helicopter built by French and German company Eurocopter. It is an enlarged variant of the Aérospatiale SA-330 Puma. It is used principally for transport and search and rescue, but some are used for water bombing, special forces support, and VIP & VVIP liaisons. Some are used by police aviation, coast guards, and customs. All are built in Marignane factory, but a production licence was sold to Indonesia. In this last kind **Super Puma** are known as **NAS-332**.

## Operators 
 of Iceland.]]
### Civilians 
Civilians **Eurocopter AS-332 Super Puma** flies or flown in Azerbaijan, Brazil, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, Morocco, UK, and USA.

### Militaries 
Militaries **Eurocopter AS-332 Super Puma** flies or flown in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Cameroon, Chile, China, Congo, Ecuador, France, Gabon, Germany, Greece, Indonesia, Iceland, Japan, Jordan, Kuwait, Mexico, Nepal, Nigeria, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Togo, UAE, and Venezuela.

## Related developments 
Eurocopter AS-532 Cougar is a military variant, and EC225 Super Puma Mk-2 is a modernized variant.

## Bibliography 
* Jackson, Robert, *Helicopters: Military, Civilian, and Rescue Rotorcraft* (The Aviation Factfile).  London: Grange Books Ltd, 2005. .
* Gaillard, Pierre, ''Avions et hélicoptères militaires d'aujourd'hui* Paris, France : Larivière éditions, 1999.  .
* Frawley, Gerard, *The international directory of military aircraft 2002/2003'' .  London: Aerospace Publication, 2002. .
Belle Fourche River

]]

The **Belle Fourche River** (prounced *bel FOOSH*) is a tributary of the Cheyenne River, about  long, in the U.S. states of Wyoming and South Dakota.  It is part of the Mississippi River watershed traveling through the Cheyenne and Missouri rivers.

The point at which the river flows out of Wyoming and into South Dakota is the lowest elevation point in the state of Wyoming at .  This is the second-highest low point of any U.S. state.

## References 
## Other websites
*
*
José Mujica

**José Alberto "Pepe" Mujica Cordano** (20 May 1935 &ndash; 13 May 2025) was an Uruguayan politician. He served as President of Uruguay from 2010 to 2015.

He won the 2009 presidential election and took office as President on 1 March 2010. He has been called "the world's 'poorest' president" because he donates around 90 percent of his $12,000 monthly salary to charities to help poor people and small entrepreneurs.

## Senate career
In the 1994 general elections, Mujica was elected deputy and in the elections of 1999 he was elected senator. In 1994 Mujica was chosen to be a deputy and then in 1999 he was chosen to be senator in the [general election] of Uruguay in that year. In 2004, Mujica's political party was very popular because of his charisma and simple living. In 2004 there were more elections and Mujica was chosen to be a senator again, this helped his political party and Tabaré Vázquez to be president.

## Minister of Livestock
On March 1, 2005, President Tabaré Vázquez made Mujica as the Minister of Livestock, Agriculture and Fisheries (Mujica's own professional background was in the agricultural sector).

Since becoming minister, Mujica resigned his position as senator. He held this position until a cabinet change in 2008, when he resigned and was replaced by Ernesto Agazzi. Mujica then returned to his seat in the Senate.

## Personal life
Mujica was born on 20 May 1935 in Montevideo, Uruguay. His parents were Demetrio Mujica, of Spanish Basque ancestry, and Lucy Cordano, of Italian descent.

In 2005, Mujica married senator Lucía Topolansky.

In April 2024, Mujica announced that he was diagnosed with esophageal cancer. He died at 89 on 13 May 2025 at his farmhouse in Rincón del Cerro, Uruguay from the disease.

## References
## Other websites
*  Biography by CIDOB Foundation 
* Uruguay's President-Elect: Che Guevara’s Spiritual Heir  by *The Daily Maverick*
Old Bet

**Old Bet** (d. 1816) was a female African elephant. She was the second elephant in America. She was the first to be known by a name. She was about four years old when she arrived in Boston on 24 June 1804.  She was owned by Edward Savage and exhibited by him in 1805. He sold her to Hachaliah Bailey for a reported $10,000. Bailey sold her but bought her back.

He leased her to others for exhibition for the rest of her life. On 25 June 1812, she appeared with the Cayetano and Company circus in New York City and thus became the first elephant to be displayed in a circus in America. She was exhibited for years and earned a considerable amount of money.

Old Bet was shot and killed in Shapleigh, Maine, on 26 June 1816 by Daniel Davis, a farmer who claimed the elephant was taking dollars out of the local economy. Bailey raised a monument to Old Bet at his Elephant Hotel in Somers, New York. Her skeleton was displayed in New York City in 1817, and was later acquired by P. T. Barnum for his American Museum.

## Notes 
## References
* Ogden, Tom. 1993. *Two Hundred Years of the American Circus*. Facts On File, Inc.
Oscar Hammerstein II

**Oscar Hammerstein II** (July 12, 1895 – August 23, 1960) was an American writer. He was born in New York City. In the 1950s, he teamed with Richard Rodgers to write several successful musicals including *Oklahoma!*, *Carousel*, *South Pacific*, *The King and I*,  and *The Sound of Music*. He died of stomach cancer in Doylestown, Pennsylvania, a little while  after the opening of *The Sound of Music*.

## Awards
Hammerstein won the Academy Award for Best Original Song two times. The first was in 1941 for "The Last Time I Saw Paris" in *Lady Be Good*. The second was in 1945 for "It Might as Well Be Spring" in *State Fair.*

In 1950, the team of Rodgers and Hammerstein received The Hundred Year Association of New York's Gold Medal Award "in recognition of outstanding contributions to the City of New York."

Hammerstein won eight Tony Awards. Six were for lyrics or book. Two were for producing the Best Musical (*South Pacific* and *The Sound of Music*).

Rodgers and Hammerstein won a special Pulitzer Prize in 1944 for *Oklahoma!* With Joshua Logan, they won the annual Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1950 for *South Pacific*.

Oscar Hammerstein was a member of the American Theater Hall of Fame.

## References
The Lawrence Welk Show

(center) hosted the series]]
***The Lawrence Welk Show*** was an American televised musical variety show. It was hosted by big band leader Lawrence Welk with Norma Zimmer appearing as "the Champagne Lady".

The series aired locally in Los Angeles for four years, from 1951 to 1955, then nationally for another 16 years on ABC from 1955 to 1971, followed by 11 years in first-run syndication from 1971 to 1982.

## Other websites
*
*
*Lawrence Welk Music Arrangements database Provides access to some 10,000 music arrangements used on the *Lawrence Welk Show*, now preserved at North Dakota State University.
*Stars of the *Lawrence Welk Show*
**The Lawrence Welk Show* episodes  on Hulu (currently consisting only of 21 black-and-white episodes from prior to 1965)
Amanda

**Amanda** [ *uh*-**man**-d*uh* ] is a female given name. It comes from Latin language. The name means "she who must be loved" or "worthy of love". The name *Amanda* first appeared in 1212 in birth records from England. It was not until around the 1700s that the name became popular. This name became very popular in the United States starting in the 1930s. The name was especially popular in the United States starting in 1978 and ending in 1992. In 2009 the name was ranked at 166. Famous people with the name include Amanda Bynes, Amanda Seyfried and Amanda Blake. This name was ranked #475 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

## People
* Amanda Barrie (born 1935), British actress
* Amanda Blake (1929–1989), American actress who played Miss Kitty on *Gunsmoke*
* Amanda Carter (born 1964), Australian wheelchair basketball player
* Amanda Crew (born 1986), Canadian actress
* Amanda Donohoe (born 1962), British actress
* Amanda Forsyth (born 1966), Canadian cellist
* Amanda Holden (born 1971), British actress
* Amanda Lang (born 1970), Canadian journalist and senior business correspondent for CBC News
* Amanda Marshall (born 1972), a Canadian singer and musician
* Amanda Vanstone (born 1952), former Australian politician, former ambassador to Italy

## Places
* Amanda Bay, Princess Elizabeth Land, Antarctica
* Amanda, Ohio

## Astronomy
* 725 Amanda, an asteroid

## Other
* Amanda (gastropod), a member of the nudibranch family Facelinidae
* Operation Amanda, a 1994 United Nations Protection Force mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina

## References
Heidi (given name)

**Heidi** [ **hahy**-dee ] is a female given name. It became an extremely popular name after the novel *Heidi* was introduced. The name comes from the name **Adelheid**, which means "nobility". The name began to be used in English because of the movie. Famous people with the name include Heidi Fleiss and Heidi Montag. A movie with Shirley Temple as the title character was released in 1937. This name was ranked #395 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

## People 
* Heidi Klum Kaulitz, German model, television personality, and businesswoman
* Heidi Montag, American television personality
* Heidi Cruz, American investment manager at Goldman Sachs
* Heidi Janků, Czech singer

## References
2013 in video games

This article lists video games that were released in the year 2013. These includes, *Batman: Arkham*, *Army of Two*, *BioShock*, *Call of Duty: Ghosts*, *Company of Heroes*, *Crysis*, *Dead Space*, *Devil May Cry*, *Final Fantasy*, *Fire Emblem*, *God of War*, *Dead Island*, *Grand Theft Auto*, *Killzone*, *Lost Planet*, *Pokémon*, *Sly Cooper*, *StarCraft*, *Tomb Raider* and *Total War*. Also in 2013, PlayStation 4 from Sony Computer Entertainment and the Xbox One from Microsoft were released.

## Events
## Console releases
The list of game consoles to be released in 2013 in North America.

## Game releases
The list of games released, or due for release, in 2013 in North America.

### January–March
### April–June
### July–September
### October–December
### Unscheduled releases
Below is a list of games which have been announced to be released in 2013 in North America, but have no exact release date or month yet.

## References
Jill

The name **Jill** is a female given name. The pronunciation of the name is [ jil ]. It comes from Latin. It means *sweetheart* or *youthful*. The name is short form of **Jillian**, but it is now an independent name within its own right. Famous people with the name include: Jill St. John, Jill Clayburgh, Jill Bennett, Jill Eikenberry and Jill Biden. This name is also used in the *Jack and Jill* nursery rhyme. This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021).

## People 
* Jill Biden , American educator and First Lady of the United States
* Jill Stein , American politician and physician
* Jill Gascoine, British actress and novelist (1937-2020)
* Jill Johnson, Swedish country and schlager singer

## References
Jack plane

A **Jack plane** is the most commonly used general purpose plane. It is about  long. 
The blade is slightly curved for quick removal of material on rough work. It is also used in oblique planning.
Lund Cathedral

**Lund Cathedral** () is the Lutheran cathedral in Lund, Scania, Sweden. It is the seat of the Bishop of Lund of the Church of Sweden.

## Other websites
Shirley

**Shirley** [ **shur**-lee ] is a female given name. Shirley is a name with a long and interesting history that spans many centuries. Its origins are English, and the name means either "bright meadow" or "clearing in the woods." Although Shirley is a unisex name, it is typically more popular among girls. This name was especially popular in the 1940s and 1950s. It is still common today. The name was used in the sitcom *Laverne & Shirley* which was on television in the 1970s. This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021). 

## People 
* Shirley Temple, American actress, singer, dancer, and diplomat (1928–2014)
* Shirley MacLaine, American actress
* Shirley Knight, American actress (1936-2020)
* Shirley Manson, Scottish musician
* Shirley Jones, American singer and actress

## References
Albert

The name **Albert** [al-bert] is a masculine given name. It comes from the Germanic words *adal* and *beraht*, meaning "bright" and "noble". The Spanish version of this name is **Alberto**. This name has been used for many famous people, including Albert Finney and scientist Albert Einstein. Albert has been a popular name for the past 100 years.

As *Alberto*, this name has been used for Atlantic cyclones every six years since 1982.

## People named Albert
* Albert I, Prince of Monaco (1848–1922), Prince of Monaco from September 10, 1889 to June 26, 1922
* Albert II, Prince of Monaco (1958–), the head of the House of Grimaldi and the current ruler of the Principality of Monaco
* Albert I of Belgium (1875–1934), the third King of the Belgians
* Albert II of Belgium (1934–), the current King of the Belgians
* Albert King, blues singer-guitarist
* Albert Fert, French physicist
* Albert Abraham Michelson,American physicist
* Albert Boixadera Xalabarder, Gymnast from East Timor

## Places
* Albert, Belize
* Albert, Kansas
* Albert, New South Wales, a town in Australia
* Albert County, New Brunswick

## Astronomy
* 719 Albert, Amor asteroid

## Movies 
* albert, 2012 usa short film by Jamison Reeves

## References
Biodegradation

growing on a bin of wet paper]]

**Biodegradation** is a chemical process in which materials are dissolved by bacteria or other biological elements. If a material is *biodegradable*, it means that it can be consumed by microorganisms and turned into compounds that are natural. It is an important process in ecology and waste management. Items that are biodegradable are considered environmentally friendly because they can turn back into elements found in nature.

Organic materials, such as those that come from plants and animals, can be degraded aerobically (with oxygen) or anaerobically (without oxygen). Some artificial or inorganic materials can also be biodegraded. It is possible to identify specific microorganisms that are able to biodegrade these materials.

In nature, different materials biodegrade at different speeds. Most microorganisms that help biodegradation need light, heat, water and oxygen. 

## Related pages
* Compost
* Plastic pollution

## References
Fortune Head

**Fortune Head** is a headland about  from the town of Fortune on the Burin Peninsula, southeastern Newfoundland.

A  thick section of rock along its cliffs is the Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP). It represents the boundary between the Precambrian era and the Cambrian period, 541 million years ago. Because of its accessibility (easy to get at) and many fossils, Fortune Head was selected in 1992 over similar rock sections in Siberia, Russia, and Meischucum, China.

## Ecological Reserve 
Fortune Head was given full ecological reserve status in 1992 after its selection as the global stratotype. The reserve is  in size. The Fortune Head lighthouse also acts as a visitors center.

## Geology 
The Burin Peninsula is part of the Avalon Zone of the Appalachian Orogen, a late Precambrian episode of mountain-building. The stratigraphy is not uniform throughout the region, however. The sediments were probably deposited in shoreline environments along the former Iapetus Ocean.

The global stratotype at Fortune Head is made up of sandstones, siltstones, and limestones. Some of these rocks have mud cracks and stromatolites, suggesting that deposition occurred in tidal or, at deepest, continental shelf environments.

## Fossils 
The boundary between the Precambrian and Cambrian is marked by the presence of trace fossils of *Treptichnus pedum*, one of the earliest animals. *Treptichnus* is known only by its distinctive burrow pattern, which can be seen at Fortune Head.

Fortune Head records the beginning of a period of increasing biological diversity known as the "Cambrian explosion". It has a number of other Cambrian and Precambrian fossils, including early shell fossils, vendotaenid algae, soft-bodied megafossils, and microfossils. Below *Treptichnus*, the stratotype at Fortune Head includes traces of the arthropod *Monomorphichnus*. More complex fossils appear later.

## Related pages 
*Mistaken Point
*Ediacaran biota
*Lagerstätten

## References
The Monkey's Uncle

'''''The Monkey's Uncle''''' is a 1965 Walt Disney movie. It is a family-oriented comedy. It was directed by Robert Stevenson. The movie is about a college kid, his chimpanzee, and a "flying machine".

It stars Tommy Kirk, Leon Ames, and Annette Funicello. It was the last Disney movie for Kirk and Funicello. Both would sign with American International Pictures for their teen "beach party" movies.
The Misadventures of Merlin Jones

***The Misadventures of Merlin Jones*** is a 1964 Disney movie starring Tommy Kirk, Leon Ames, and Annette Funicello. It is a family-oriented comedy about a high school boy who experiments with hypnosis and creates a mind-reading machine. It was directed by Robert Stevenson.

This movie was the next to last Disney movie for both Kirk and Funicello. They would make ''The Monkey's Uncle'' for Disney in 1965 then sign with American International Pictures for their teen "beach party" movies.
Son of Flubber

***Son of Flubber*** is a 1963 Disney movie directed by Robert Stevenson. It stars Fred MacMurray, Nancy Olsen, Keenan Wynn, and Tommy Kirk. It is a science fiction, family-oriented comedy, and a sequel to Disney's 1961 comedy, *The Absent-Minded Professor*. *Flubber* tells of the Professor's further experiments with his anti-gravity substance called "Flubber".
Savage Sam

***Savage Sam*** is a 1963 Walt Disney movie directed by Norman Tokar. It is based on a book of the same name by Fred Gipson. The movie is a sequel to Disney's *Old Yeller*. *Sam* stars Kevin Corcoran, Tommy Kirk, and Brian Keith. The movie follows the adventures of Old Yeller's son, Sam, when the boys are captured by Apaches.
Vera Farmiga

**Vera Ann Farmiga** (born August 6, 1973 in Passaic County, New Jersey) is an American actress and director. She is known for her role as Lorraine Warren in *The Conjuring* (2013) and *The Conjuring 2* (2016).

## Early life
Farmiga comes from an immigrant family from Ukraine. She grew up with her six brothers and sisters in a Ukrainian community and learned with six years old the English language. In her youth she was in a Ukrainian folk group. In the beginning she went to a Ukrainian Catholic school and then, she studied at the *School of Visual and Performing Arts* of the Syracuse University.

## Career
In 1996 she debuted in the Broadway theater play,  *Return to Paradise* with Vince Vaughn, Anne Heche and Joaquin Phoenix in 1998. 2000 she played in the film drama *Autumn in New York* as *Lisa Tyler*. She played in the action film called *15 Minutes*.

In 2004 she got an extra price of the Sundance Film Festival. 2005 the *Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards* and the *Independent Spirit Award* for her performance in the film *Down to the Bone*.

She became famous thanks to the film 2006: *The Departed*. The film won four Academy Awards. In *Up in the Air* from the year 2009, she got an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress. 

She had her directing debut with the film *Higher Ground* (2011). Since 2013 she plays the main role as *Norma Louise Bates* on the series *Bates Motel*.

## Personal life
From 1997-2005 she was married with the actor Sebastian Roche. In 2008 she married Renn Hawkey. They have a son Fynn (*2009) and a daughter Gytta (*2010).

She has also a sister called Taissa Farmiga.

## Television and movie roles
Audrey

**Audrey** is a feminine given name of Old English origin. There are many versions of *Audrey*, including **Audie**, **Audra** and **Audrea**. In the 17th century, the word "tawdry", meaning "cheap and pretentious", came from the name *Saint Audrey*. That made use of *Audrey* decline. However, in the 19th century, it was revived. It peaked during the interbellum period in the United States. It reached rank #41 for 2012.

Famous people named *Audrey* include Audrey Hepburn, Audrey Meadows and Audrey Tautou. A hurricane with this name struck the southern United States in June 1957.

## People
* Audrey Assad (1983- ), American contemporary Christian musician
* Audrey Brown (1913–2005), British athlete
* Audrey Emerton (1935)
* Audrey Lawson-Johnston (1915- ), last survivor of the shipwreck Lusitania
* Audrey McLaughlin (1936- ), Canadian politician, former leader of the New Democratic Party
* Audrey Meaney (1931- ) British archaeologist
* Audrey de Montigny (1985- ), French-Canadian singer
* Audrey Richards (1899–1984), British anthropologist
* Audrey Terras (1942- ) American mathematician
* Audrey Williamson (1926- ), British athlete
* Audrey Hepburn, British actress and humanitarian (1929-1993)
* Audrey Tautou, French actress
* Audrey Wasilewski, American actress
* Audrey Long, American actress (1922-2014)

## Weather
* Hurricane Audrey, a 1957 hurricane that devastated Louisiana

## References
Genetically modified organism

A **genetically modified organism** (**GMO**) is an organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.

Organisms that have been genetically modified include micro-organisms such as bacteria and yeast, insects, plants, fish, and mammals.  GMOs are the source of genetically modified foods, and are also widely used in scientific research and to produce goods other than food.

## 1970–1989 
### 1972–1973 
* Modern genetic engineering began in 1972 when United States Biochemists Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen used enzymes to cut a bacteria plasmid and insert another strand of DNA in the gap.  Both bits of DNA were from the same type of bacteria, but this milestone, the invention of recombinant DNA technology, offered a window into the previously impossible—the mixing of traits between totally dissimilar organisms.

### 1976–1977 
*Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert developed a DNA sequencing method based on chemical modification of DNA and subsequent cleavage at specific bases.
Although Maxam and Gilbert published their chemical sequencing method two years after the ground-breaking paper of Sanger and Coulson on plus-minus sequencing, Maxam–Gilbert sequencing rapidly became more popular, since purified DNA could be used directly, while the initial Sanger method required that each read start be cloned for production of single-stranded DNA. However, with the improvement of the chain-termination method (see below), Maxam-Gilbert sequencing has fallen out of favour due to its technical complexity prohibiting its use in standard molecular biology kits, extensive use of hazardous chemicals, and difficulties with scale-up.

## 1990–1999 
### 1991 
* DNA Plant Technology receives approval from the US Department of Agriculture to field test its so-called "Fish tomato", but the plant is never successfully commercialized. The creation of a genetically modified plant, with a fish transgene designed for human consumption did not go down well with the public.

### 1994 
* The first modern recombinant crop approved for sale in the U.S., in 1994, was the FlavrSavr tomato, which had a longer shelf life. However, higher costs and same bland flavor as conventional tomatoes led to it losing money and disappearing from the shelves.

### 1996 
* In 1996 a developer submitted a data set to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for AquAdvantage Salmon.

## 2000–2009 
### 2003 
* The first genetically modified fish Glofish is introduced into the market in the U.S.

### 2004 
The first genetically modified black, blue and red rose made in the lab.

## 2010–2019 
### 2010 
* Monsanto corporation through its Indian subsidiary Mahyco unsuccessfully attempted to introduce Bt brinjal, which was put on hold due to citizen organizing against approval for sale in the country.

* Amflora was approved for industrial applications in the European Union by the European Commission. Amflora is a genetically modified potato the result of two decades of research efforts. The Amflora potato is selected for its special starch properties used in paper making and adhesives.

## References
Irene

**Irene** is a given name for women. The pronunciation of the name is [ ahy-**ree**-nee *for 1*; ahy-**reen** *or, especially British*, ahy-**ree**-nee *for 2* ]. It is Greek for "peace." Several saints are named Irene.  In 2005, in the United States, the name ranked at 590th most popular name for baby girls and fell to 632 the following year. Several Atlantic tropical storms or hurricanes were named Irene. Hurricane Irene in 2011 was very destructive to the East Coast of the United States, so *Irene* was retired in spring of 2012.

## People 
* Irene Hirano , American business executive
* Irene Rich, American actress

* Irene Cara, American singer and actress (1959–2022)
* Irene Papas, Greek actress and singer (1929–2022)
* Irene Natividad, American feminist, women's rights activist, corporate director and international advocate for women
* Irene Ryan, actress (1902-1973)

## References
Anita

The name **Anita** is a very common female given name. The pronunciation of the name is [ *uh*-**nee**-t*uh* ]. In Spanish, the name is a version of **Ana**, the Spanish version of **Anne**. In Sanskrit, *Anita* means "full of grace".  This is not a common name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021). In 1977, a Hurricane Anita hit northeastern Mexico.

## People
* Anita Østby (born 1972), Norwegian Liberal Party politician
* Anita Barone (born 1964), American actress
* Anita Brodén (born 1948), Swedish Liberal People's Party politician
* Anita Caspary (1915–2011), American nun, founder of Immaculate Heart of Mary Community
* Anita Ekberg (born 1931), Swedish model and actress
* Anita Jönsson (born 1947), Swedish Social Democratic politician
* Anita Louise Suazo (born 1947), Native-American potter
* Anita Neville MP (born 1942), Canadian politician
* Anita Orlund (born 1964), Norwegian Labour Party politician
* Anita Romaniuk, Canadian politician
* Anita Stewart (born 1947), Canadian culinary writer and food activist
* Anita Lindman(1932-2018),Swedish television announcer and producer
* Anita Louise, American actress (1915–1970)
* Anita Baker, American singer-songwriter
* Anita Page, American actress (1910-2008)
* Anita Loos, American screenwriter, playwright, author, actress and television producer (1888-1981)
* Anita Tsoy, Russian singer

## Places
* Anita, California, community in Butte County, California
* Anita, Indiana, former town in Hensley Township, Johnson County, Indiana
* Anita, Iowa, city in Cass County, Iowa

## Weather
* Hurricane Anita, Atlantic hurricane in 1977

## References
Ellen

**Ellen** is a female given name. The pronunciation of the name is [ **el**-*uh*n ].It can also be used for a middle name. In Greece, during ancient times, the name meant "sun-ray, lightness". During the mid 2000s, *Ellen* ranked at 555 for the most popular female names in the United States. There are many celebrities by the name, including Ellen Barkin, Ellen DeGeneres and Ellen Pompeo. This name was used for an Atlantic hurricane in the 1970s.

## People 
* Ellen DeGeneres , American comedian, actress, writer, and producer
* **Ellen** Axson Wilson , First Lady of the United States
* Ellen Johnson Sirleaf , 24th president of Liberia
* **Ellen** Burstyn, An American actress
* Ellen Rona Barkin, An American actress and a producer
* Ellen Pompeo, American actress
* Ellen Muth, American actress

## References
Fishplate

]]
In rail terminology, a **fishplate**, **splice bar** or **joint bar** is a metal bar that is bolted to the ends of two rails to join them together in a track. The name is derived from *fish*, a wooden bar with a curved profile used to strengthen a ship's mast. The top and bottom edges are tapered inwards so the device wedges itself between the top and bottom of the rail when it is bolted into place. In rail transport modelling, a fishplate is often a small copper or nickel silver plate that slips onto both rails to provide the functions of maintaining alignment and electrical continuity.
## References
Arlington Memorial Amphitheater

**Arlington Memorial Amphitheater** is an amphitheater in Arlington National Cemetery. It was built in 1921 to replace an old amphitheater. The amphitheater is next to the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. 

## Other websites 
* the Memorial Amphitheater in the Arlington National Cemetery Web site
Hannah (given name)

The name **Hannah** [ **han**-*uh* ] (or **Hanna**) is a feminine given name. In Hebrew, it means "gracious". As *Hannah*, this name was used by the Puritans in the 16th and 17th centuries. There are many celebrities who have the name. One fictional character with the name is Hannah Montana. *Hannah* is very popular for girls. As *Hanna*, the name is now being used on tropical storms or hurricanes over the Atlantic Basin. This name was ranked #44 on the US Popular Female Names in 2021.

## People 
* Hannah Montana, American television series
* Hannah Arendt, German-American philosopher and political theorist
* Hannah Murray, English actress
* Hannah Van Buren, wife of U.S. President Martin Van Buren
* Hannah Dodd, English actress
* Hannah Spencer, Member of Parliament of the United Kingdom

## References
Norman

**Norman** is a male given name. It might also mean:

*Anything related to Normandy, a region in northern France
*Normans, the people of Normandy
*Norman language
*Norman architecture
*Norman, Oklahoma, a city in the U.S. state of Oklahoma

## Related pages
*Norm
*Norma (disambiguation)
A Dog of Flanders (1959 movie)

***A Dog of Flanders*** is a 1959 movie directed by James B. Clark. It stars David Ladd, Donald Crisp, and Theodore Bikel. It is based on a book by Ouida. It is about a grandfather and his grandson who rescue a dog from abuse. The grandson wants to become a painter.

## Other websites 
*
Teresa Perales

**Teresa Perales Fernández**

## Swimming 
Perales is a S5, SB4, SM5 type swimmer and is a member of CD Asser: Spain swimming club. She is the has the most first three finishes of any Paralympic sportperson from Spain.

### World Championships
Perales first competed for Spain not in Spain at the IPC World Championships in Christchurch, New Zealand in 1998. She had her first top three finish at the 2000 Summer Paralympics. Perales twice finished first.
## Notes
## References 
## Other websites
* Teresa Perales Official Site