open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Peter Avalon

**Peter Hernandez** (born June 14, 1989) is an American professional wrestler. He currently wrestles for All Elite Wrestling (AEW) and their sister promotion Ring of Honor (ROH) under the ring name **"Pretty" Peter Avalon**.

Hernandez has also made appearances in Championship Wrestling from Hollywood (CWFH), Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (PWG), Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW), and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). In TNA, he wrestled under the ring name **Norv Fernum**.

## Career
### All Elite Wrestling 
On April 22, 2019, it was announced on the *Being The Elite* YouTube program that Avalon had signed a contract to become a member of the AEW roster. At Fyter Fest, Avalon made his AEW debut and managed Leva Bates during her match against Allie. At Fight for the Fallen, Avalon made his AEW in-ring debut, losing to Sonny Kiss.

After a 29-match losing streak, Avalon was finally able to earn a victory against Fuego Del Sol on the November 24, 2020 episode of *Dark*.

Avalon went on a 4-match winning streak before losing to Cody Rhodes on the January 20, 2021 episode of *Dynamite*. On the January 26 episode of *Dark*, Avalon began to team with Cezar Bononi and call themselves The Pretty Picture. At AEW Revolution, Avalon and Bononi participated in the Casino Tag Team Royale for a chance at a AEW World Tag Team Championship match in the future. The match was won by Rey Fénix representing Death Triangle. Avalon then began to team with Ryan Nemeth and J. D. Drake and they became known as The Wingmen. The team ended when Nemeth left the company in 2023.

On the September 12, 2024 episode of ROH on HonorClub, Avalon challenged Atlantis Jr. in a proving ground match for his ROH World Television Championship but was unsuccessful.

## References 
## Other websites
*
Dogs Are Talking

"**Dogs Are Talking**" is a 1990 song by Australian rock band The Angels and is the second single from their ninth studio album *Beyond Salvation*. It went to number 11 in Australia and number 12 in New Zealand.

## Track listing 
# Dogs Are Talking (Doc Neeson, Bob Spencer, Richard Brewster, Brent Eccles, James Morley) - 3:23
Australian edition
# Hold On (Demo) - The Hurricanes (Carl Bell, James Bell, Nick Tsalis) - 
# Break My Heart (Baby Animals) (Eddie Parise, Suze DeMarchi) - 4:02
# I Got You / You Got Me (Demo) (The Desert Cats) (Rob Tognoni) -
New Zealand edition
# Live It Up (Demo) - (Nine Livez) (Mike Friedlos, Michael Betts, Harvey Jackson)
# Down Dance - (Shihad) (Jon Toogood, Tom Larkin, Phil Knight, Hamish Laing) - 5:45

## References
Leonora van den Heever

**Leonora van den Heever** (9 July 1926 – 20 November 2025) was a High Court judge in South Africa. She was the first woman to become a judge in the country and the first female judge on South Africa’s Supreme Court of Appeal.

## Early life and education 
Van den Heever was born in Windhoek to her parents, Toon van den Heever and Margaretha van den Heever (née Rautenbach). She went to C&N Sekondêre Meisieskool Oranje in Bloemfontein and later studied at the University of Pretoria. There, she earned her BA degree in English and Latin with honors (cum laude) and later completed her MAdegree in English, also with honors (cum laude). She first worked as a teacher at Normaalkollege in Bloemfontein. However, her father convinced her to take a temporary job as a judge’s registrar. At the same time, she studied part-time for her LLB at the University of the Orange Free State and graduated in 1951.

## Career 
Van den Heever began working as a lawyer at the Bloemfontein Bar in 1952 and became a senior lawyer in 1968. In 1969, she was appointed as a judge in the Northern Cape Division, making her the first female judge in South Africa.

## Honours and awards 
Van den Heever was honored with the Chancellor's Medal from the University of Pretoria  in 1996. She also received an honorary LLD from the University of Stellenbosch in 1997 and the Women's Bureau Achievement Award in 1987.

## References
Psychologist's fallacy

The '''psychologist's fallacy''' is an informal fallacy where an observer assumes that his or her own experience reflects the true nature of an event. The fallacy was named by William James in the 19th century:

## Related pages
* Narcissism
* Narcissistic personality disorder

## References
Yuriy Yekhanurov

**Yuriy Ivanovych Yekhanurov** (born 23 August 1948) is a Ukrainian politician. He was Prime Minister of Ukraine from 2005 to 2006 and Minister of Defense from 2007 to 2009.

## References
Ibrahim Ali Khan

**Ibrahim Ali Khan Pataudi** (born 5 March 2001) is an Indian actor who works in Hindi films. He is the son of actors Saif Ali Khan and Amrita Singh. As a child, he played the younger version of his father’s character in the film *Tashan* (2008). As an adult, he had his first main role in the Netflix romantic comedy film *Nadaaniyan* (2025).
Amrita Singh

**Amrita Singh** (born 9 February 1958) is an Indian actress who mainly works in Hindi films. She started acting with the film *Betaab* (1983) and became a popular actress in the 1980s and early 1990s.

She played lead roles in successful films like *Mard* (1985), *Chameli Ki Shaadi* (1986), *Naam* (1986), *Khudgarz* (1987), *Thikana* (1987), *Waaris* (1988), *Toofan* (1989), *Dil Aashna Hai* (1992), *Aaina* (1993), and *Rang* (1993). She won the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress for Aaina.

In 1993, she took a break from films. She returned with *23rd March 1931: Shaheed* (2002) and was praised for her roles in *Kalyug* (2005), *Shootout at Lokhandwala* (2007), *2 States* (2014), *Hindi Medium* (2017), and *Badla* (2019).

She also acted in the TV show *Kkavyanjali* (2005–2006). She was married to actor Saif Ali Khan from 1991 to 2004, and they have two children, including actress Sara Ali Khan.
Aanchal Kumar

**Anchal Kumar** (born 24 October 1979) is an Indian actress, supermodel, influencer, and beauty pageant winner. She won the *Gladrags Manhunt* and *Megamodel Contest* and represented India at *Miss Intercontinental 1999*. She has also acted in Bollywood films like *Fashion* and *Bluffmaster!*.
Aara (actress)

**Aara** is an Indian actress who has appeared in Tamil movies. She has acted in movies like *Paisa* (2016) and *One Way* (2022).
Aarathi

**Aarathi** (born as Bharathi in 1954) is a former Indian actress and director who mainly worked in Kannada movies during the 1970s and 1980s. She won four Karnataka State Film Awards and four Filmfare Awards.

She started acting with *Gejje Pooje* (1969) and became famous for working with director Puttanna Kanagal in movies like *Upasane* (1974), *Shubhamangala* (1975), and *Ranganayaki* (1981). She won her first Karnataka State Film Award for *Naagarahaavu* (1971).

Aarathi retired in 1986 but returned as a director with *Mithayi Mane* (2005), which won a Karnataka State Film Award. She was also nominated as a Member of the Legislative Council.
Fernando Troyansky

**Fernando Troyansky** (born November 24, 1977 in Bahía Blanca) is a former Argentine football player.
## Career 
Troyansky played for Olimpo de Bahía Blanca in his hometown from 1996 before being signed by CA Los Andes in 2000. After being noticed by scouts from FK Austria Wien, the defender moved to Austria in 2001.

After initial difficulties, Troyansky was loaned to VfB Admira Wacker Mödling. After a successful year at Admira, the Argentinian returned to Austria, where he signed a contract until summer 2009. He won the Austrian championship in 2006and the Austrian Cup three times. In May 2009, it was announced that Troyansky would be under contract with SK Austria Kärnten starting in the 2009/10 season. Troyansky signed for two years.  He returned to Austria in 2010. After just one more year, he moved to league rivals SC Wiener Neustadt. 

In the summer of 2012, he moved to Floridsdorfer AC, but six months later, Troyansky moved to the Lower Austrian regional league club SV Leobendorf. He ended his football career there at the end of the 2012/13 season. He now lives in Madrid with his wife.
## Honours 
*1 x Austrian Champion: 2006
*4 x ÖFB Cup Winners: 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009

## References
Angie Stone

**Angela Laverne Stone** (née **Brown**; December 18, 1961 – March 1, 2025) was an American singer, songwriter, actress, and record producer. 

She rose to fame in the late 1970s as a member of the hip hop trio the Sequence. In the early 1990s, she became a member of the R&B trio Vertical Hold. Stone then signed with Arista Records to release her debut solo album Black Diamond (1999), which received a gold certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and spawned the single "No More Rain (In This Cloud)".

## Death 
Stone died in a car accident near Montgomery, Alabama, on March 1, 2025. She was 63 years old.

## References
Aopo

**Aopo** is a village located in Gagaʻifomauga district near Asau which is on the western side of Savaii, Samoa.
## References
Ranfurly

**Ranfurly**, a town in the Southern Island of New Zealand that holds the coldest temperature in the country, (-25.6°C)(-14.1°F)  on July 17, 1903.

Ranfurly is located in Otago, New Zealand.

## References
List of Super Bowl halftime shows

Halftime shows happen during many American football games. Entertainment during the Super Bowl, the annual championship game of the National Football League (NFL), is one of the more well known of these performances and is usually very widely watched on television in the United States.

## List
Names in bold are headline performers.

### 1960s 
### 1970s 
### 1980s 
### 1990s 
### 2000s 
### 2010s 
### 2020s 
## References
Archopterus

reef]]
***Archopterus*** is an extinct genus of eurypterid from the family Adelophthalmidae. It contains one species called ***A. anjiensis*** and is from the Wenchang Formation in Zhejiang, China.

## Description 
*Archopterus* likely fed on small mollusks, crustaceans and worms.

## Related pages 
* Orcanopterus
* Pterygotus
* Bassipterus
* Megarachne
* Jaekelopterus

## References
Europa Clipper

The **Europa Clipper** (used to be called the **Europa Multiple Flyby Mission**) is a space probe made by NASA that will explore Europa. It is powered by solar panels, like NASA's Juno and European Space Agency's JUICE.

The spacecraft launched on October 14, 2024. It did a flyby to Mars on March 1, 2025 using a Martian gravity assist. The spacecraft will reach Jupiter's moon Europa in April 2030 after two gravity assists and six years of travel.

Due to the radiation from the magnetosphere of Jupiter, the spacecraft would be into an elliptical orbit and make a lot of flybys of the moon Europa.

## Main goals 
The main goals of the Europa Clipper are to explore Europa, find life in the moon and select a perfect landing site for the Europa Lander. This exploration is about studying the three main requirements for life: water, energy, and chemistry.

## Instruments onboard Europa Clipper 
E-THEMIS, an infared camera system

MISE, another camera, "near infared" to find the building blocks of life

EIS, Europa Imaging System- An optical camera system

Europa-UVS- An ultraviolet spectrograph for the Europa Clipper

REASON, Radar for Europa Assesment and Sounding: Ocean to Near-Surface

ECM, a magnetometer for the Europa Clipper

PIMS- Plasma Instrument for Magnetic Sounding

MASPEX- Mass Spectrometer for Planetary Exploration

SUDA- Surface Dust Analyzer

Gravity & Radio Science

## Journey 
Europa Clipper will spend six years crusing to Jupiter, during which it will complete fly-bys of Mars and Earth. It will reach Jupiter in April 2030. The spacecraft will spend many months orbiting Jupiter, completing fly-bys of Europa to find life.

## Details 
## Related pages 
* Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer, a probe sent by the European Space Agency

## References
Yatir Forest

.]]
**Yatir Forest** () is a forest in Israel on the edge of the Negev Desert. The forest covers an area of , and is the largest planted forest in Israel. The forest (like most other forests in Israel) was planted in by the Jewish National Fund, which continues to expand it.

## History
.]]
The first trees were planted in 1964 by the Jewish National Fund at the initiative of Yosef Weitz. It is named after the ancient Levite city of Yatir.

Over four million trees have been planted, mostly coniferous trees - Aleppo pine and Mediterranean cypress, but also many broad-leaved trees such as Atlantic terebinth, tamarisk, jujube, carob, olive, fig, eucalyptus and acacia, as well as vineyards and various shrubs. Yatir Forest has changed the arid landscape of the northern Negev, despite the pessimism of many experts. It has proven to be a prime ecological instrument, halting the desertification on the heights northeast of Beersheba.

The forest is situated at a relatively high altitude (between  above sea level) in a semi-arid region with an average yearly precipitation of  and low humidity. The ground is made of hard lime rocks, and soft chalk rocks.

The Israel National Trail, marked in 1991 runs through the forest. Yatir forest is located on the trail south of Meitar and north of Arad.

## Related pages
*List of forests in Israel 
*Jerusalem Forest
*Eshtaol Forest
*Jewish National Fund

## References
## Other websites
*Yatir Forest on the Jewish National Fund website
* Weizmann Institute's Yatir Forest research group
* Weizmann Institute study suggests that rising carbon dioxide levels might cause forests to spread into dry environments
World Happiness Report

The **World Happiness Report** is a publication that contains articles and rankings of national happiness, based on respondent ratings of their own lives, which the report also correlates with many (quality of) life factors. 

Since 2024, the report has been published by the Wellbeing Research Centre at the University of Oxford, in partnership with Gallup, the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network, and an independent editorial board. The editorial board consists of the three founding editors, John F. Helliwell, Richard Layard, and Jeffrey D. Sachs, along with Jan-Emmanuel De Neve, Lara Aknin, and Shun Wang.

The report primarily uses data from the Gallup World Poll. As of Febuary 2025, Finland has been ranked the happiest country in the world 8 times in a row.

### 2025 report 
The 2025 report features the happiness score averaged over the years 2022–2024.

## References
The Boys of Fall

"**The Boys of Fall**" is a song written by Casey Beathard and Dave Turnbull, and recorded by American country music artist Kenny Chesney. It was released in July 2010 as the first single from Chesney's album ''Hemingway's Whiskey''.

## Music video
The music video debuted on August 2, 2010 on ESPN's *SportsCenter*. It features many famous football players and coaches talking about their experiences playing high school football and advice they would give to kids, as well as clips of famous players and coaches from the college and professional ranks, past and present including Chesney's longtime friend Sean Payton. Directed by Shaun Silva, the video is over eight minutes in length.

The video debuted at number 18 on CMT's *Top 20 Countdown* for the week of August 13, 2010.

The music video reached number 1 on CMT's *Top Twenty Countdown* for the week of September 3, 2010.

## References
Teenage Frankenstein

"**Teenage Frankenstein**" is a 1987 song by Alice Cooper and is the second single from his 16th studio album *Constrictor*. It went to number 80 in the United Kingdom and was taken from the 1986 movie *Friday the 13th Part VI: Jason Lives*.

## Track listing
## References
Euclid (spacecraft)

**Euclid** is a telescope that was launched on 1 July 2023. It was launched by the European Space Agency.

The telescope is named after Euclid, an ancient greek mathematician.

It was made by ESA and sent to space by SpaceX. The telescope has a 600 megapixel camera.

## Orbit 
Euclid is in orbit far from Earth. This special orbit is beyond the moon, at the second Lagrange point (L2) of the Sun-Earth system, this orbit is 1,500,000 kilometers from Earth, about four times farther away from Earth than the moon. It does not actually go around the Earth, but goes around the sun at the same speed as the Earth.

## The mission 
The main goal of Euclid is to study the universe, learn it's history, and learn the expansion of the universe. With it's 600 megapixel camera the telescope can take high-resolution images of galaxies millions of light-years away.  ESA released the first colorful images from the *Euclid* telescope on November, 7 2023

## Gallery 

File:Euclid’s new image of spiral galaxy NGC 6744 ESA497254.jpg|Euclid's view of the spiral galaxy NGC 6744
File:Euclid’s view of the Horsehead Nebula ESA25170866.jpg|Euclid's view of the Horsehead Nebula.
File:Closer Euclid view of Abell 2764 ESA497271.jpg|Euclid's view of the galaxy cluster called Abell 2764
Salman Al-Faraj

**Salman Mohammed Al-Faraj** is Saudi Arabian footballer. He is currently play Neom club in Saudi First Division League.

## Club career 
### Al Hilal 
On April 2022, Al-Faraj scored a goal against Al Shabab 2-1 to reach King Cup final.

### Neom club 
On 2024, Al-Faraj joined Neom club.

## International career 
]]
Al-Faraj scored penalty goal against Egypt at 2018 World Cup 2-1 won.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Come Over

"**Come Over**" is a song written by Sam Hunt, Shane McAnally, and Josh Osborne and recorded by American country music singer Kenny Chesney. It was released in May 2012 as the second single from Chesney's 2012 album *Welcome to the Fishbowl*.

## Music video
The music video was directed by Shaun Silva and premiered in June 5, 2012 on Great American Country.

The video debuted at number 8 on CMT's *Top 20 Countdown* for the week of June 22, 2012.

The video peaked at number 1 on CMT's *Top Twenty Countdown* for two consecutive weeks in August 2012.

## References
Lips of an Angel (Hinder song)

"**Lips of an Angel**" is a song by American rock band Hinder, produced and co-written by Brian Howes and Joseph Lombardo. It was released in April 2006 as the second single from their 2005 first album, *Extreme Behavior*.

## References
Aromobates nocturnus

The **skunk frog** or **Venezuelan skunk frog** (*Aromobates nocturnus*) is a frog.  Scientists found it in Trujillo, Venezuela.

## Body
This frog can be 62 mm long from nose to rear end. It makes a bad-smelling thing on its skin. It smells like a skunk. The smell makes it harder for animals that want to eat the frog to eat it. The skin of the frog's back is green in color with yellow spots in a line over the belly. There is webbed skin on the back feet.

## Home
Scientists saw the frog in exactly one place, Agua de Obispos. They saw it 2250 meters above sea level.  This frog lives in cold streams in cloud forests. Unlike most frogs in the family Aromobatidae, the skunk frog lives in the water instead of on land, and it is awake at night instead of during the day.

Scientists saw the frog in one protected place: Parque Nacional Dinira.

## Food
Scientists believe this frog eats insects and other animals bones on the outside.

## Young
The female frogs lays eggs on land. The male frogs watch the eggs. After the eggs hatch, the male frogs carry the tadpoles to water.

## Danger
Scientists say this frog is in very big danger of dying out and that they could all be dead already.  Scientists went back to the place where the frog was found many times to look for it, but they never saw it again. Scientists say that there are probably 50 or fewer adult frogs alive now. Human beings changed the places where the frog lived to make farms and places for people to raise animals.  Trout fish that people brought to the frog's home also kill this frog. But because many frogs died even in places that human beings had not changed, scientists think the fungal disease chytridiomycosis could also have killed many frogs.

## References
SMILE (spacecraft)

**SMILE** (**Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Explorer**) is a planned mission by the European Space Agency and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. SMILE will for the first time take a picture of the Sun's magnetosphere. 

The questions that SMILE will answer are:

* What are the versions of the dayside solar wind or the magnetosphere interaction?
* What is the substorm cycle?
* Ho do the coronal mass ejection storms arise and what is their connection to solar substorms?
As of March 2025, SMILE is going to launch in late 2025. 

## Instruments 
SXI- A wide-field telescope for SMILE

UVI - An ultraviolet camera for SMILE

LIA - Light Ion Analyser

MAG - A magnetometer for SMILE
Eddie Jordan

**Edmund Patrick Jordan** (30 March 1948 – 20 March 2025) was an Irish motorsport businessman, broadcaster, and racing driver. From 1991 to 2005, Jordan was the founder and team principal of Jordan in Formula One. In February 2016 it was announced that he would be one of the new presenters for *Top Gear*.

## Career
Between 1974 and 1979, he competed in Irish Formula Ford, Formula Three, Formula Atlantic, and Formula Two. In 1979, he founded the eponymous Eddie Jordan Racing, who competed in International Formula 3000 from 1985 to 1991. 

Jordan then founded Jordan Grand Prix as a Formula One constructor in 1991, winning four Grands Prix across 15 seasons and finishing third in the 1999 World Constructors' Championship. He sold the team to Midland at the end of 2005. 

Jordan worked as a analyst for the BBC from 2009 to 2015, before joining Channel 4 in 2016. Jordan was also a co-owner of rugby club London Irish and association football club Celtic.

## Death
In December 2024, Jordan announced that he had been diagnosed with prostate and bladder cancer. He died on 20 March 2025 in Cape Town, South Africa, ten days before his 77th birthday.

## References
## Other websites
*
Dancing in Berlin

"**Dancing in Berlin**" is a 1984 song by American band Berlin and is the third single from their third studio album *Love Life*. It went to number 12 in New Zealand and number 39 in Australia. It was produced by Giorgio Moroder.

## Track listing
;7" single
#"Dancing in Berlin" - 4:02
#"Lost in the Crowd" - 4:38

;7" single (US/Canada release)
#"Dancing in Berlin" - 4:04
#"Pictures of You" - 4:34

;7" single (US promo)
#"Dancing in Berlin" - 4:04
#"Dancing in Berlin" - 4:04

;12" single
#"Dancing In Berlin (Dance Remix)" - 5:16
#"Lost in the Crowd" - 4:38

## References
Fort Santo Domingo

**Fort Santo Domingo** is an old fortress located in Tamsui, a district in New Taipei City, Taiwan. A long time ago, in 1628, the Spanish Empire built a wooden fort there. The fort’s original name in Spanish was el Fuerte de Santo Domingo, which means “the Fort of Saint Dominic.” Later, the Spanish replaced the wooden structure with a stronger stone one. However, around 1637, the Spanish decided to take it apart and leave because they wanted to save money. The Dutch, who were rivals of the Spanish at that time, noticed this and attacked. In 1641, they invaded, and by 1642 they won in a fight called the Second Battle of San Salvador. After winning, the Dutch built a new fort on the same site in 1644 and named it Fort Antonio, after Antonio van Diemen, who was the leader of the Dutch East India Company then. Local people called the Dutch “red-haired people” because of how they looked, and in Taiwanese Hokkien Chinese, the fort got the nickname Âng-mn̂g-siâⁿ, which means “Red-haired Fort.” This name stuck, and even today, many people still call it that.

Fort Antonio is a two story cube-shaped building, measuring 15.25 meters on all four sides while standing 13 meters tall. The deep foundation, thick walls, and mix of stones and bricks provide the fort with strong and effective fortification. Following the Opium War, the British government leased the fort from the Qing government for their consulate. Modifications were made accordingly for consular business. To accommodate the needs of the consul's family, the consular residence was then built on the eastern side of the fort. The Former British Consular Residence, an elegant Victorian-styled house blended with some Chinese elements, was built in 1891 after the British government leased the fort. In 1980, the Taiwanese government retrieved the land from the British, and the site of the residence became the Tamsui Historical Museum in 2005.

## Tamsui Church
The original church building, which later became the birth place of the Northern Taiwanese Presbyterian Church, was built by Reverend George Leslie Mackay to serve the church's growing followers, carry out religious services, and give medical care and educational seminars.

The current Tamsui Church building, with pointed pillars, arched windows and strengthened brick work, was designed and supervised by Reverend G.W. Mackay in 1932 after his father, Rev. George Leslie Mackay, passed away.

With these unique Eastern and Western features, the fort and its surrounding buildings have been listed by the Ministry of Culture as one of the 18 potential World Heritage Sites in the country

## References
Charlatan

A **charlatan**, also called a **swindler** or **mountebank**, is someone who pretends to be a doctor to get money, power or fame.

## Etymology
The English word comes from French *,* a seller of medicines who might advertise his presence with music and an outdoor stage show. The best known of the charlatans in Paris was Tabarin, who inspired the 17th-century playwright Molière. The word is also similar to the Spanish word ''*, which describes someone who loves talking. 

Etymologists trace *charlatan* ultimately from Italian. It may have come from two different words, or a mixture of the two. One possible origin word is *,'' which means 'to chatter or prattle'. Another is the word *cerretano,* meaning a resident of the village Cerreto di Spoleto in Umbria, which was known for tricking others in the 16th century.

## Related pages
* Scam
* Snake oil
* Disinformation

## References
Sparks Fly (song)

“Sparks Fly” is a song by singer Taylor Swift for her third album “Speak Now”. It was released with the album on 2010, and in 2023 she re-recorded it and released it as “Sparks Fly (Taylor’s Version)”, along with her rerecorded album “Speak Now (Taylor’s Version). It was written by Swift in 2006 and produced by her and Nathan Chapman after receiving fan requests. It is a pop rock song. It's production includes electric guitars and fiddles.

It was released by Big Machine Records on July 18, 2011 to the country radio in the US. Its music video was released on August 10, 2011. Some critics praised it for catchiness and lyrics, while others regarded the lyrical imagery to be somewhat unoriginal. The song won a Teen Choice Award for Choice Music — A Country Song.

The song peaked at number 17 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number one on the Hot Country Songs and was certified platinum by the RIAA. 
## Awards and nominations 
"**Sparks Fly**" received three awards and one nomination.

## Charts 
### Weekly charts 
### Year-end charts
## Certifications 
## Release history 
## References
Ernst Dospel

**Ernst Dospel** (born 8 October 1976 ) is a former Austrian football player.  He played mainly for FK Austria Wien. He also played for the Austrian national football team.
## Career 
He  began his career in 1986 at SV Absdorf. The defender moved to FK Austria Wien in 1995. There he played till 2006.  During this time he won  Austrian championships twice. On August 31, 2006, he signed a six-month contract with SK Sturm Graz. After this time, he moved to FC Superfund .In the summer of 2007 he went to SV Ried. In the summer of 2008, Ernst Dospel finally moved to FC Admira Wacker Mödling in the second-tier Erste Liga. After Admira failed to reach the Bundesliga in the spring of 2010, Ernst Dospel had to leave. From June 2010, he led SV Absdorf as player-coach and was then briefly its sporting director in 2011. On January 26, 2011, he returned to professional football and signed a contract with Austrian second-tier club First Vienna FC.  In the summer of 2013   Dospel was released from Vienna due to his ongoing injury problems. Thereafter he moved to the 2nd division club SV Haitzendorf.
## International 
Ernst Dospel played 19 matches for the  Austrian national football team. His first match was on 29 March 2000 versus Sweden. His last match was on 17 August 2005 versus Scotland.  
## International statistics
## Honours 
* Austrian championː 2003, 2006
* Austrian Cupː 2003, 2005, 2006

## References
Attempted assassination of Hassan Sheikh Mohamud

On 18 March 2025, Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, president of Somalia, was attacked by al-Shabaab in a roadside bombing assassination attempt near Villa Somalia. He was on his way to Aden Adde International Airport in Mogadishu. Mohamud survived the attack.

The blast killed at least 10 people, seven security personnel and three civilians, and injured 20 others. Among the victims was 31-year-old Somali Radio Risaala journalist Mohamed Abukar Dabaashe, who became the first journalist killed in Somalia in 2025.

## References
Gary Anandasangaree

**Sathiyasangaree "Gary" Anandasangaree** () is a Canadian politician and a lawyer who has been the Minister of Public Safety since 2025. He was the minister of Crown–Indigenous relations and northern affairs from 2024 until 2025 and minister of justice and attorney general of Canada for two months in 2025. He was elected to the House of Commons in the 2015 federal election. He is the member of Parliament (MP) for Scarborough—Rouge Park. 

## Career
On July 26, 2023, Anandasangaree became the Minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations.

In the 2025 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, he supported Mark Carney.

## References
Tampere University

**Tampere University** (short: **TAU**) is a public university in Tampere, Finland. It is Finland's second-largest university by number of students. The university started on January 1, 2019. It was formed by combining the University of Tampere and Tampere University of Technology.

## Organisation 
]]

### Faculties 
Tampere University has seven faculties – which are main parts of different areas of science within a university. They are:

*Information Technology and Communication Sciences
*Management and Business
*Education and Culture
*Medicine and Health Technology
*Built Environment
*Engineering and Natural Sciences
*Social Sciences

## References
Limerence

**Limerence** is a state of mind resulting from romantic feelings for someone. It involves intrusive and melancholic thoughts – or tragic concerns for the object of one's affection – along with a desire for a relationship.

## Overview
Psychologist Dorothy Tennov made the word *limerence* to describe a concept based on her work in the 1960s, when she interviewed over 500 people on the topic of love. As per Tennov, limerence can be seen as falling in love, infatuation, However, Tennov and other experts said that *infatuation* had a negative meaning, sometimes as a pejorative, to refer to situations including a teenager being obsessed with a celebrity. 

Anthropologist Helen Fisher later commented on Wakin's and Vo's study, "They are associating the negative aspects of it with the term, and that can be a disorder." Fisher is one of those who originally compared limerence to OCD, proposing that romantic love is a "natural addiction", which can be either positive or negative.

## References
Laser Interferometer Space Antenna

The **Laser Interferometer Space Antenna** (**LISA**) is a planned space probe by the European Space Agency

## More information 
The LISA mission is made to find gravitational waves, tiny waves in the fabric of spacetime from astronomical sources like binary black holes coilliding and a compact binary of stars, and possibly other sources. 

The LISA concept has three spacecraft that are in a triangle with each side being 2.5 milion kilometrers long.

## Mission 
The LISA mission's main objective is to find and study gravitational waves that are made by black holes and others. Each of the three LISA spacecraft has two telescopes, two lasers and two test equipment.

The larger the triangle, the more sensitive the detector is to long gravitational waves.

## LISA Pathfinder 
A European Space Agency test mission that is called LISA Pathfinder was launched in 2015 to test the things needed for LISA to work.

## References
Siegfried of Luxembourg

**Siegfried** (or **Sigfried**) ( – 28 October 998) was count in the Ardennes, and is known in European historiography as founder and first ruler of the Castle of Luxembourg in 963 AD, and ancestor and predecessor of the future counts and dukes of Luxembourg. He was also an advocate of the abbeys of St. Maximin in Trier and Saint Willibrord in Echternach. 
## References
Muhammad bin Nayef

**Muhammad bin Nayef Al Saud** (Arabic: ) (born 30 August 1959) also known by his initials as **MBN** or **MbN** is a former Saudi Arabian politician and businessman. He had been crown prince, he became the first deputy prime minister of Saudi Arabia chosen by King Salman from 2015 to 2017.

## Early life 
Muhammad bin Nayef born in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia on 30 August 1959. He is one of the ten children of Nayef bin Abdulaziz.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Kid Krow

**Kid Krow** is the debut album of singer songwriter, Conan Gray. It came out on March 19th, 2020. Its most popular songs are Heather and Maniac, with a new one rising up to fame, The Cut That Always Bleeds (shortened to TCTAB). 

The songs in this album are:

Comfort Crowd

Wish You Were Sober

Maniac

(Online Love)

Checkmate

Fight Or Flight

Afluenza

(Can We Be Friends?)

Heather

Little Legue

The Story

Most of the songs in Kid Krow were singles, such as Comfort Crowd and The Story.
Pressure (The Kinks song)

"**Pressure**" is a 1979 song by British band The Kinks and is the third single from their 18th studio album *Low Budget*. It was released as a single in the United Kingdom and France.

## References
Corruption in Guinea-Bissau

**Corruption in Guinea-Bissau** is very widespread. The country has one of the highest rates of corruption in the world.

## Causes 
Corruption in Guinea-Bissau has many causes. As of 2014, government mismanagement had "created an environment conducive to corruption on a grand scale." These conditions help to keep corruption secret and make it difficult to defeat it.

Another problem is that Guinea-Bissau is a hub of international drug trafficking. One source states:Abject poverty, state collapse, lack of [wealth] and endemic corruption have made Guinea Bissau a heaven for the Colombian drug lords.

## Rankings 
### Corruption Perceptions Index (2024) 
#### Giving a corruption score 
In Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index for 2024, Guinea-Bissau scored 21 on a scale from 0 ("highly corrupt") to 100 ("very clean"). This was considerably lower than the average score among sub-Saharan African countries: 33. Among those countries, the highest score was 8 and the lowest was 72.

Guinea-Bissau's score on the Index dropped one point from 2023 to 2024.

### Other measures 
In 2013, Guinea-Bissau scored below the averages for both Africa and West Africa on the Mo Ibrahim Foundation’s Index of African Governance.

## References
## Notes
Tannic acid

**Tannic acid** is a term for a mixture of related chemical compounds that are used to make leather. These chemicals are an example of tannins, a larger group of bitter-tasting chemicals that attach to proteins.

## Chemistry 
The name "tannic acid" was introduced in 1796, for an extract of oak bark, though the use of similar chemicals is as old as the leather industry. The exact composition of tannic acid was unknown until the early 20th century, when Emil Fischer identified tannic acid as a mixture of various gallic acid esters of glucose.

Tannic acid is unusual because it does not have any of the  functional groups that normally make organic compounds acidic. Instead, its acidity comes from the  groups, similarly to phenol.

## References
Hydroxy group

In organic chemistry, the **hydroxy group** or **hydroxyl group** is a functional group (a piece of a molecule that helps describe how it behaves) that is made from an oxygen atom connected to a hydrogen atom. It has the chemical formula .

The hydroxyl group is very important in organic chemistry; alcohols, carboxylic acids, and sugars all contain hydroxyl groups.

## Name 
Official IUPAC nomenclature refers to the  functional group as a "hydroxy group", with "hydroxyl" referring to the related free radical, . "Hydroxyl" is still widely used as a common name for the functional group.

## Chemistry 
Hydroxyl groups can act as both acids and bases (they are amphoteric), but they are generally weak unless combined with other functional groups.

The combination of a hydroxyl group and carbonyl on the same carbon atom is a carboxylic acid group, which is the most common kind of acidic group in organic chemistry. Phenols are more acidic than other alcohols because of how the hydroxyl interacts with the aromatic ring.

## References
Chenghua Emperor

The **Chenghua Emperor** (9 December 1447 – 9 September 1487), born Zhu Jianshen and later renamed Zhu Jianru in 1457, was the ninth emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigning from 1464 to 1487. He succeeded his father, Emperor Yingzong.

Born in 1447, Zhu Jianshen was the son of Emperor Yingzong. At just two years old, his father was captured by Mongols during the Tumu Crisis, leading to Yingzong’s deposition. His younger brother became the Jingtai Emperor, and Yingzong was forced into captivity and later house arrest. He was named crown prince again in 1457 after the Jingtai Emperor was overthrown. Zhu Jianshen became emperor in 1464 at the age of 16, following his father's return to the throne.

Early in his reign, the Chenghua Emperor enacted tax cuts and worked to strengthen state power. However, over time, his rule was increasingly influenced by corrupt eunuchs, such as Wang Zhi and Liang Fang. These officials gained considerable power, leading to widespread corruption. The emperor's preference for favorites over qualified officials and his focus on personal pleasure weakened the state, while peasant uprisings were violently suppressed.

One of the emperor's most notable relationships was with Wan Zhen'er, a palace lady who gained significant influence after bearing a child in 1464, though the child died young. Wan used her position to control the emperor’s harem, even going so far as to force abortions and reportedly poison women and children who might challenge her position. The emperor remained unaware of his actual heir, Zhu Youcheng, who was hidden until 1475.

The Chenghua Emperor also focused on military reforms and achieved notable victories against the Mongols in the 1470s. These successes marked the first major victories over the Mongols since 1449. Under his reign, the Ming dynasty strengthened defenses along the Great Wall of China, particularly in Shaanxi and Shanxi. An alliance with Joseon Korea was also forged, and the Ming engaged in wars against the Jurchen tribes of Manchuria.

The Chenghua Emperor died in 1487 after 23 years of rule. His son, Zhu Youcheng, succeeded him as the Hongzhi Emperor.

## References
Henry V, Count of Luxembourg

**Henry V the Blondell** (1216 – 24 December 1281), called **the Great**, was the Count of Arlon from 1226 to his death, Lord of Ligny from 1240 to his death, Count of Luxembourg and Laroche from 1247 to his death, and the Marquis of Namur between 1256 and 1264 as **Henry III**. He was the son and successor of Waleran III, Duke of Limburg and Ermesinde, Countess of Luxembourg.

In 1226, following the death of his father Waleran III, Henry inherited the county of Arlon.

In 1240 Henry married Margaret, daughter of Henry II of Bar and Philippa of Dreux. Henry's marriage to Margaret brought him Ligny-en-Barrois as her dowry, though, by a clause in the marriage contract, it remained under the feudal suzerainty of the County of Bar. In contempt of this, Henry paid homage in 1256 to King Theobald II of Navarre in the latter's capacity as Count of Champagne. Henry's brother-in-law Count Theobald II of Bar took advantage of the conflict then raging between Duke Frederick III of Lorraine and the bishops of Metz. Henry V was a partisan of the duke and so Theobald took the side of the bishop. Henry was captured in battle at Prény on 14 September 1266. On 8 September 1268, King Louis IX of France arbitrated between the two counts and Henry was freed and repossessed of Ligny, but under the suzerainty of the Barrois.

## Issue
From Margaret he had the following issue:

*Henry VI (died 1288), Count of Luxembourg
*Waleran I (died 1288), Count of Ligny & Roussy. He is the forefather and founder of what became the French branch of the House of Luxembourg, the so-called house of *Luxembourg-Ligny*.
*Isabelle (1247–1298), married Guy of Dampierre
*Philippa (1252–1311), married John II, Count of Holland
*Marguerite (lady of Macheren), living 1302
*Felicitas
*Jeanne (died 1310), Abbess at the Abbey of Clairefontaine

He also had at least two illegitimate sons including:

*Henry, bastard of Luxembourg (died 1288), married Isabelle of Houffalize, heiress of Houffalize
*Baldwin

All of his sons perished in the Battle of Worringen in 1288.

## References
Billlie

**Billlie** (; stylized as ***Bi11lie*** or ***Billlǃə***) is a South Korean girl group made by Mystic Story. Billlie let out their first song on November 10, 2021. The group has seven members: Haram, Haruna, Moon Sua, Sheon, Siyoon, Sooah, and Tsuki.

## Members
* Haram
* Haruna
* Moon Sua
* Sheon
* Siyoon
* Sooah
* Tsuki

## Discography
### Singles
* FLOWERLD (2021)
* Snowy Night (2021)
* GingaMingaYo (The Strange World) (2022)
* Patbingsu (with Yoon Jong‑shin) (2022)
* Ring Ma Bell (What a Wonderful World) (2022)
* GingaMingaYo (The Strange World)  (2022)
* Eunoia (2023)
* BYOB (Bring Your Own Best Friend) (2023)
* Dang! (Hocus Pocus) (2023)
* The Soul Savior: I Don’t Need a Superman (2023)
* January 0th (A Hope Song) {2024)
* Trampoline (2024)
* Remembrance Candy ()

## References 
## Other websites
*
*
*
Neatsville, Kentucky

**Neatsville** is an unincorporated community in Adair County, in the U.S. state of Kentucky. It is located at the junction of Kentucky Route 206 and Kentucky Route 76. Its elevation is 705&nbsp;feet (215&nbsp;m). For unknown reasons, the town's name was spelled as **Neetsville** from 1876 until 1886, when the town's post office closed. In its early history from around the 1810s to 1900, Neatsville progressively grew to become a well-established, incorporated town. It has been relocated twice through the years, once due to flooding circa 1900–1902, which decimated the town, and once in the 1960s when the Green River was impounded to make way for the Green River Reservoir.

## References
Maria Nyerere

**Maria Nyerere** (born **Maria Waningu Gabriel Magige**; 31 December 1930) is a Tanzanian educator and the widow of Julius Nyerere, the first President of Tanzania. She served as the country's inaugural First Lady from 1964 to 1985. His direct grandson is Kevin Nyerere a supporter of Pan-Africanism.

## Early life and education 
Maria Nyerere was born in the Tanganyika Territory into a Roman Catholic family belonging to the Simbiti ethnic group. She was the seventh of nine children of Gabriel Magige and Hannah Nyashiboha.

She attended the White Sisters’ School in Nyegina, later continuing her studies on Ukerewe Island, and completed teacher training at Sumve Teacher Training College. She began her teaching career in 1947 at Nyegina Primary School in Musoma.

## Marriage and public role 
In 1953, she married Julius Nyerere, then a schoolteacher and political activist. During the independence struggle, Maria supported her husband and maintained a household business to supplement their income in Dar es Salaam.

Following the union of Tanganyika and Zanzibar in 1964, Julius Nyerere became the first President of the United Republic of Tanzania, and Maria served as the nation’s first First Lady until his retirement in 1985. During this period, she participated in public and charitable events and remained active in Catholic and women's organizations.

## Later life 
After Julius Nyerere’s retirement, the couple returned to their native village of Butiama. Following his death in 1999, Maria remained a public figure, supporting educational and health-related initiatives.

In 2018, she was honored by the African Union as a “Female Icon of the African Anti-Colonial Liberation Struggle” during the 32nd AU Summit in Addis Ababa.

## Related pages 
* Julius Nyerere
* Museum Nyerere Memorial House

## References 
## Bibliography 
* Nyerere, Julius. *Freedom and Unity: A Selection from Writings and Speeches 1952–1965*. Oxford University Press, 1966. ISBN 978-0196430012.
* Nyerere, Julius. *Freedom, Non-Aligned and Peace*. Oxford University Press, 1980. ISBN 978-0195760516.
* Legum, Colin. *Africa Since Independence*. Indiana University Press, 1999. ISBN 978-0253335294.
* Becker, Felicitas. *Becoming Muslim in Mainland Tanzania, 1890–2000*. Oxford University Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0199289792.
* Geiger, Susan. *TANU Women: Gender and Culture in the Making of Tanganyikan Nationalism, 1955–1965*. Heinemann, 1997. ISBN 978-0325000304.
* Pratt, Cranford. *The Critical Phase in Tanzania 1945–1968: Nyerere and the Emergence of a Socialist Strategy*. Cambridge University Press, 1976. ISBN 978-0521210432.

## Other websites 
* Official Julius Nyerere Memorial Site
* African Union – 32nd Ordinary Session (2018 honour)
* Kevin Nyerere Holding (family foundation site)
Music & Me

***Music & Me*** is the third studio album by American singer Michael Jackson, released on April 13, 1973. It was released under the Motown label and features a collection of pop and soul tracks that showcase Jackson's vocal talents as a young artist. This album includes songs such as "With a Child's Heart," "Up Again," and "Happy," among others.

*Music & Me* was relatively less commercially successful than some of his other albums, but it still demonstrated Michael Jackson's evolving artistry and his ability to connect emotionally with his audience, even at a young age. The album is notable for its heartfelt lyrics and Jackson's signature vocal style.
Michael (Michael Jackson album)

***Michael*** is the posthumous album by the American singer-songwriter Michael Jackson. It was released in 2010. Eight of the album's ten songs were written by Jackson. Jackson died in 2009 and will.i.am said before the album's release that the album should not be released.

## Critical response
*Rolling Stone* gave the album three out of five stars.

## Track listing
1. "Hold My Hand" (featuring Akon)

2. "Hollywood Tonight"

3. "Keep Your Head Up"

4. "(I Like) The Way You Love Me"

5. "Monster" (featuring 50 Cent)

6. "Best of Joy"

7. "Breaking News"

8. "(I Can't Make It) Another Day" (featuring Lenny Kravitz)

9. "Behind the Mask"

10. "Much Too Soon"

## References
Aarsha Chandini Baiju

**Aarsha Chandini Baiju** (born 8 November 2000) is an Indian actress who works in Malayalam movies. She made her acting debut in *Pathinettam Padi* (2019) and later starred in the Karikku Fliq mini-series *Average Ambili* (2021). She played the female lead in *Mukundan Unni Associates* (2022).
Aarthi Ganeshkar

**Aarthi**, who is also called **Harathi**, is an Indian actress, comedian, and TV host who works in Tamil movies and TV dramas. She started as a child artist in the late 1990s and later appeared in stand-up comedy shows like *Super10* and *Lollu Sabha*. She has acted in movies such as *Giri* (2004), *Padikkadavan* (2009), and *Kutty* (2010).