open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Amir Haddad

**Laurent Amir Khlifa Khedider Haddad** (born 20 June 1984), better known as **Amir Haddad**, or simply as **Amir**, is a French-Israeli singer-songwriter and actor. He represented France in the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 with the song "", he finished in sixth place in the Final.

## Discography
### Albums
### Singles
## Notes
## References
Ghanaians

**Ghanaians** are a people whose origins trace back to the historic Gold Coast region of West Africa. They primarily reside in the Republic of Ghana, where they constitute the predominant cultural group. As of 2024, Ghana has a population of approximately 34 million people, with Ghanaians representing about 85% of the total population. The name “Ghana” translates to “warrior king,” reflecting the region’s rich historical legacy. In addition to those residing within Ghana, an estimated four million people of Ghanaian descent form part of the global Ghanaian diaspora. In certain contexts, the term “ethnic Ghanaian” may also be used to describe related indigenous ethnic groups native to the historic Gold Coast.
Ryan Hansen

**Ryan Albert Hansen** (born July 5, 1981) is an American actor. He is known for his roles in such movies as *The Cutting Edge: Going for the Gold* and *Friday the 13th*.

## Other websites 
*
Marty Reasoner

**Martin Ernest Reasoner** (born February 26, 1977) is an American former professional ice hockey center. He played parts of 14 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the St. Louis Blues, Edmonton Oilers, Boston Bruins, Atlanta Thrashers, Florida Panthers, and New York Islanders. Outside of the NHL, Reasoner played for EC Red Bull Salzburg of the Erste Bank Eishockey Liga (EBEL).

## Career
Before playing in the NHL, Reasoner played parts of three years with the Boston College Eagles of Hockey East. He had a successful time with the Eagles. He finished his rookie season by being named to the All-Hockey East Rookie Team. The nest season, he was named as a All-Hockey East All-Star. he finished the next season with being named to the All-Hockey East First Team and was also named a AHCA East First-Team All-American. His final year with the Eagles saw him end the season by being named to the All-NCAA All-Tournament Team and Hockey East All-Tournament Team.

He was drafted 14th overall by the St. Louis Blues in the 1996 NHL entry draft. On October 10, 1998, Reasoner made his NHL debut in a 3–3 overtime tie loss with the Boston Bruins. Two days later on October 12, he recorded his first NHL point, assisting on a Al MacInnis goal in a 4–2 win against the New York Rangers. On October 16, Reasoner scored his first NHL goal against Chris Osgood in a 4–1 loss against the Detroit Red Wings. 

On June 30, 2001, the Blues traded Reasoner along with Jochen Hecht and Jan Horacek to the Edmonton Oilers in exchange for Michel Riesen and Doug Weight. On August 1, Reasoner signed a two-year contract to stay with the Oilers. On August 1, 2003, Reasoner signed a two-year contract to stay with the Oilers.

On March 9, 2006, the Oilers traded Reasoner along with Yan Stastny and a 2006 second-round draft pick to the Boston Bruins in exchange for Sergei Samsonov. He only played 19 games for the Bruins, scoring 2 goals and recording 6 assists for 8 points.

On July 4, Reasoner signed a two-year contract to rejoin the Edmonton Oilers. He played parts of two seasons in his return to Edmonton.

On July 17, 2008, Reasoner signed a one-year, $1 million contract to join the Atlanta Thrashers. On September 14, 2009, Reasoner signed a one-year, $1 million contact to stay with the Thrashers.

On June 24, 2010, the Thrashers traded Reasoner along with Joey Crabb, Jeremy Morin, and both a 2010 first- and second-round draft pick to the Chicago Blackhawks in exchange for Dustin Byfuglien, Ben Eager, Brent Sopel, and Akim Aliu. He never played a game for the Blackhawks.

On July 22, 2010, the Blackhawks traded Reasoner to the Florida Panthers in exchange for Jeff Taffe. Reasoners scored 14 goals and recorded 18 assists for 32 points during his season with the Panthers.

On July 1, 2011, Reasoner signed a two-year, $2.7 million contract to join the New York Islanders. He played parts of two seasons with the Islanders.

Reasoner retired from playing professional ice hockey in 2013.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Tetrapyrrole

is the simplest macrocyclic tetrapyrrole.]]
 is the simplest linear tetrapyrrole.]]

A **tetrapyrrole** is a type of organic compound with four ("tetra") pyrrole rings linked together by chemical bonds to make a chain or a bigger ring.

Some of the most important chemicals in biology are tetrapyrrole coordination complexes. In these organometallic compounds, some of the hydrogen atoms are removed from the middle of a tetrapyrrole and replaced with a metal cation. Examples include heme, an iron complex; chlorophyll, a magnesium complex; and vitamin B12, a cobalt complex.
Macrocycle

In chemistry, especially organic chemistry, a **macrocycle** is a molecule made of a large ring of atoms. According to IUPAC, the term means a cyclic macromolecule, but is also used by many chemists to describe cyclic compounds that are smaller than macromolecules but larger than simple cycles.

The exact number of atoms where a cycle becomes a macrocycle is not firmly defined. One common definition is a cyclic compound where the cycle has twelve or more atoms in it. This matches a drop in ring strain in the cycloalkanes, as cyclododecane and larger rings can assume more stable shapes than the medium-weight rings (cyclooctane through cycloundecane).

## Sources
Baby Lasagna

**Marko Purišić** (born 5 July 1995), known as **Baby Lasagna**, is a Croatian singer-songwriter and producer.  He  in the Eurovision Song Contest 2024 with the song "", he reached the Final and finished in second place with 547 points and won the public vote, becoming the country's highest-scoring Eurovision entry since their debut in 1993.

## Discography
### Studio albums
### Live albums
### Singles
## Notes
## References
Next Japanese general election

A general election is scheduled to be held in Japan no later than 8 February 2030 to elect all 465 seats of the House of Representatives, the lower house of the National Diet. Voting will take place in all constituencies, including 289 single-seat electoral districts and 11 proportional blocks (176 seats). An election may happen before the scheduled date if the Prime Minister of Japan dissolves Parliament for a snap election or if the House of Representatives passes a motion of no confidence in the government.

## References
Rebecca Schmoe

**Rebecca Schmoe** is an American politician who is a member of the Kansas House of Representatives from the 59th district. She was elected in November 2022, and she took office on January 9, 2023.

## Biography
Schmoe has lived in Franklin County, the place she represents, for over 20 years.

Schmoe is a speaker for the organization 1 Million Moms Against Gun Control, and is the Kansas director for The DC Project. She is Christian.

## References
Liberal Democratic Party–Japan Innovation Party coalition

The Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and the Japan Innovation Party (JIP) formed a coalition on 20 October 2025. It was created after the LDP–Komeito coalition ended. The coalition helped create the Takaichi Cabinet, which was formed on 21 October 2025. Currently, the LDP holds all ministerial posts in the coalition government. The two parties are aligned on national policies and National Diet strategies.

## Background
On 10 October 2025, Komeito leader Tetsuo Saito announced that his party would leave from its coalition with the LDP, since they did not approave of Sanae Takaichi, who was elected LDP president in a leadership election before. Following Komeito's withdrawal, the LDP invited the Japan Innovation Party to join the coalition.

The JIP was third-largest party in the Diet, and is more to the political right than Komeito. On 15 October, Takaichi met with JIP leader Hirofumi Yoshimura and co-leader Fumitake Fujita. The two sides agreed to talk about the possibility of forming a coalition government starting from 16 October. After the meeting, the leaders of the two parties said that they had a lot in common and could support confirming Takaichi as prime minister. Takaichi also announced that she would support creating a second capital in Japan, as proposed by the JIP, and said that she would invite "two or more" members of the JIP to sit in her cabinet. On 16 October, after many days of talks, the LDP accepted the 12 policies demanded by the JIP.

## References
Komeito

, formerly **New Komeito** (**NKP**) and also known as **Komei**, is a political party in Japan. They have been seen as part of the Soka Gakkai religious movement. The party is thought to be centrist. From 1999 to 2009 and from 2012 to 2025, it was part of the Japanese government as the junior coalition partner of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP).

Komeito was founded by the leader of Soka Gakkai, Daisaku Ikeda, in 1964. In 1999, the party entered into a coalition with LDP, serving in the government until the coalition lost power in 2009. In 2012, the coalition regained power. In 2014, the party changed its English name back to Komeito. 

In 2025, Komeito formally left the coalition, after Sanae Takaichi was elected LDP President.  In 2026, Komeito merged with the Constitutional Democratic Party to form the Centrist Reform Alliance for the 2026 general election; however the coalition lost to the LDP in a landslide.

## Notes
## References
Japan Innovation Party

The  is a political party in Japan. They are based in Osaka. Their views have been seen as conservative, centre-right, and right-wing populist.

The party was founded in October 2015, as *Initiatives from Osaka*, from a split in the old Japan Innovation Party. It ended up becoming the third-largest opposition party in the National Diet after the 2016 House of Councillors election. 

Since 2025, the party has been part of the governing coalition together with the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) following the end of the 26-year-long LDP–Komeito coalition.

## References
Adenomera kweti

'''Kwet's nest-building frog'* (*Adenomera kweti'') is a frog.  It lives in Brazil.

## Home
This frog only lives in forests, Atlantic rainforests. People see it on the dead leaves on the ground.  Scientists have seen it between  above sea level.

Scientists have seen these frogs in protected places, for example Parque Estadual da Serra do Tabuleiro and Parque Natural Municipal do Maciço da Costeira.

## Young
The male frog sits under dead bamboo leaves and calls to the female frogs. Scientists believe this frog puts its eggs in nests made out of bubbles. Scientists think the tadpoles grow in the nest.

## Danger
Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is in big danger of dying out. Human beings cut down forests to make towns, farms, tree farms, places for animals to eat grass, and places to dig sandstone out of the ground.

## References
Pyrrole

**Pyrrole** is an organic compound. It is a cyclic compound with four carbon atoms and a nitrogen atom, each bonded to one hydrogen atom. The chemical formula of pyrrole is . Chemicals related to pyrrole, replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with other atoms or functional groups, are called **pyrroles**.

It is similar in structure to furan, but with the ether functional group replaced by amine. Like furan, it is an aromatic compound.

## Preparation 
Early ideas for making pyrrole included pyrolysis of biological materials like leather scraps and bone tar, and a reaction between acetylene and ammonia. Pyrolysis of ammonium mucate with glycerol gives pyrrole in about 40% yield. It was then discovered that alumina and silica could be catalysts for a reaction between furan and ammonia:
:
This reaction is the main way that pyrrole is made in the chemical industry today.

## Preparation of pyrrole derivatives 
Derivative (chemistry)s of pyrrole where hydrogen has been replaced by other functional groups are made by more complicated organic synthesis reactions. Most of these reactions start with nucleophilic attack by a nitrogen atom on a carbonyl compound.

### Paal–Knorr synthesis 
The Paal–Knorr synthesis makes pyrrole derivatives from 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds and ammonia (or primary amines). The reaction makes pyrroles if done with a weak acid, but a strong acid will make ammonium salts and furans instead.

This reaction is an efficient and easy way to make pyrroles, but it relies on an acid catalyst. This can make it a bad choice if the reagents have other functional groups that react with acids.

### Knorr synthesis 
The Knorr pyrrole synthesis uses an oxime and a ketone with some other electron-withdrawing group like an ester. The oxime is converted to an enamine by Neber rearrangement, and the nitrogen atom then attacks the ketone to make the ring. Water is the main byproduct.

### Hantzsch synthesis 
The Hantzsch pyrrole synthesis uses ammonia, a 1,3-ketoester, and a 1,2-haloketone. This reaction makes the pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid ester with the same alcohol parent as the ketoester. The ammonium salt that matches the haloketone (usually ammonium chloride) and water are the byproducts.

### Barton–Zard synthesis 
The Barton–Zard synthesis makes carbonylated pyrroles from nitroalkenes and carbonyl isocyanides.
:
The Barton–Zard synthesis notably does not involve a nucleophilic nitrogen atom. Instead, it uses a basic catalyst, changing the isocyanide's carbonyl into an enolate that acts as a Michael donor.

## Sources
Ammonium cyanate

**Ammonium cyanate** is a chemical compound. It is the ammonium salt of isocyanic acid. Its chemical formula is .

## History 
Ammonium cyanate is important to the history of chemistry. Friedrich Wöhler, who had earlier discovered isomerism in silver cyanate, made ammonium cyanate to use as a source of the cyanide anion. Instead of releasing cyanide, heating ammonium cyanate instead made urea, an organic compound that is an isomer of ammonium cyanate. Wöhler's accidental discovery was the first organic synthesis.
Daði Freyr

**Daði Freyr Pétursson** (born 30 June 1992), better known as **Daði Freyr** or simply **Daði**, is an Icelandic musician. As the frontman of **Daði & Gagnamagnið**, he was due to  in the Eurovision Song Contest 2020 with the song "", before the event was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. He then  in the Eurovision Song Contest 2021 with the song "", finishing in fourth place in the Final.

## Discography
### Studio albums
### Extended plays
### Singles
#### As lead artist
#### As featured artist
## Notes
## References
Heteroatom

**Heteroatom** is a word that means "different atom". In organic chemistry, it means any chemical element in a molecule except for carbon and hydrogen. Oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and chlorine are the most common heteroatoms.

The word is less commonly used in other branches of chemistry. In inorganic chemistry, it can be used to mean any atom that is not a major part of a compound's structure. Examples include central atoms in heteropolymetalates and non-silicon atoms in zeolites.

## Sources
Operation Linebacker II

**Operation Linebacker II** (also known as the **Christmas bombings**; Vietnam called it the **Điện Biên Phủ in the air** because of its similarity to the Battle of Điện Biên Phủ) was the name given for the last United States' twelve-day bombing campaign and offensive against North Vietnam during the Vietnam War. It started from 18 December to 30 December 1972 and it targeted major cities of Hanoi and Haiphong of North Vietnam because the Paris Peace Accords was not going well at the time. It aimed to destroy many North Vietnamese military sites as possible, North Vietnam also against these United States Air Force's attacks by reinforcing air defence network with the support from the Soviet Union. On 20 December 1972, after six Boeing B-52 Stratofortress aircraft bombers got shot down by North Vietnam's surface-to-air missiles (SAM), the United States focused on its efforts to attack these SAM batteries. On 26 December 1972, 120 Boeing B‐52 Stratofortress aircraft bombers were taken off and successfully completed its mission with eight aircrafts damaged/shot down. Many aircrafts, including Republic F-105 Thunderchief, Douglas A-3 Skywarrior and McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II had supported the attacks. The bombing campaign ended on 30 December but two more were also executed until 2 January 1973, when North Vietnam agreed to resume the Paris Peace Accords talks.

## References
Cheeky Song (Touch My Bum)

"**Cheeky Song (Touch My Bum)**" is a song by The Cheeky Girls. It was written by their mother (Margaret Irimia) and The Cheeky Boyz (Pete Kirtley and Tim Hawes). The song was released on 2 December 2002. This was after they auditioned for Popstars: The Rivals. The song was at number two in the UK Singles Chart for four non-consecutive weeks in December 2002 and January 2003. It was also successful in some other European countries, and was on their first album, *PartyTime*, released in 2003. A Channel 4 poll in January 2004 ranked it the worst pop song of all time.

## Track listings
**UK CD1**
# "Cheeky Song (Touch My Bum)" (radio edit) – 3:21
# "Cheeky Song (Touch My Bum)" (Christmas mix) – 3:27
# "Cheeky Song (Touch My Bum)" (clubstar remix) – 6:09

**UK CD2**
# "Cheeky Song (Touch My Bum)" (radio edit) – 3:21
# "Cheeky Song (Touch My Bum)" (LMC remix) – 5:18
# "Cheeky Song (Touch My Bum)" (extended mix) – 6:05
# "Cheeky Song (Touch My Bum)" (video)

**UK 12-inch single**
:A1. "Cheeky Song (Touch My Bum)" (radio edit)
:A2. "Cheeky Song (Touch My Bum)" (extended original mix)
:B1. "Cheeky Song (Touch My Bum)" (LMC remix)
:B2. "Cheeky Song (Touch My Bum)" (clubstar remix)

**UK cassette single**
# "Cheeky Song (Touch My Bum)" (radio edit)
# "Cheeky Song (Touch My Bum)" (LMC remix)

**European CD single**
# "Cheeky Song (Touch My Bum)" (radio edit) – 3:21
# "Cheeky Song (Touch My Bum)" (clubstar remix) – 6:09

**Australian CD single**
# "Cheeky Song (Touch My Bum)" (radio edit) – 3:23
# "Cheeky Song (Touch My Bum)" (Christmas mix) – 3:29
# "Cheeky Song (Touch My Bum)" (clubstar remix) – 6:06
# "Cheeky Song (Touch My Bum)" (LMC remix) – 5:21
# "Cheeky Song (Touch My Bum)" (video)

## Charts
### Weekly charts
### Year-end charts
## Certifications
## Release history
## References
## Other websites
* "The Cheeky Song (Touch My Bum)" video at YouTube
Belarusian alphabet

The Belarusian alphabet (беларускі алфавіт (narkamaŭka), беларускі альфабэт (taraškievica) is the alphabet used to write the Belarusian language. The alphabet has 32 letters and 1 unofficial letter Ґ (used in taraškievica).

## References
Ezel (TV series)

***Ezel*** is a popular Turkish crime thriller TV show that started in 2009 on Show TV and moved to ATV in 2010. It has a very large fan base in Turkey. The main actors are Kenan İmirzalıoğlu, Cansu Dere, and Yiğit Özşener. The story takes place in modern Istanbul, but it was also filmed in Northern Cyprus, Croatia, and England. It is based on the 1844 book *The Count of Monte Cristo*.
Kuruluş: Osman

***Kuruluş: Osman*** (Establishment: Osman) is a popular Turkish historical drama produced by Mehmet Bozdağ (Bozdağ Film) that aired on ATV from November 2019 to June 2025. It follows Osman I’s struggle to build the Ottoman Empire while fighting Mongols and neighboring powers. This series is the sequel to *Diriliş: Ertuğrul* and prequel to *Kuruluş: Orhan*.
2024 Japanese general election

General elections were held in Japan on 27 October 2024 due to the early dissolution of the House of Representatives, the lower house of the National Diet, by Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba. Voting took place in all constituencies, including proportional blocks, to elect all 465 members of the House of Representatives.

The majority party, the LDP, was very unpopular among voters because of the 2023–2024 Japanese slush fund scandal. Because of this, the party's coalition partner Komeito lost their parliamentary majority in the lower house for the first time since 2009, with the LDP suffering its second-worst result in its history, winning only 191 seats. The Constitutional Democratic Party (CDP), the main opposition party led by former Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda, had its best result in its history, increasing its seat count from 96 to 148. This was the first general election in Japan since 1955 where no party won at least 200 seats.

Ishiba was re-elected Prime Minister in the Diet on 11 November as head of an LDP-Komeito minority government.

## Notes
## References
Samson option

The **Samson option** is the Israeli military strategy of massive destruction and nuking of any country that has achieved significant damage against Israel. Israel refuses to concede or deny that they have nuclear weapons. This is a policy of deliberate ambiguity. It is named after the biblical Israelite judge who committed a mass murder-suicide of thousands of Philistines who had captured him.

## References
Baal

**Baal** is the Semitic term meaning "lord" or "owner". It is viewed in the Bible in Christianity and Islam as a false god or rival to Yahweh. Its central rituals often involved sacrifices of babies. The name *Beelzebub*, a major demon in some Abrahmic religons, is associated with Baal. In Christianity, it was identified by the writers of the New Testament as Satan. In Islam, the Quran mentions that Prophet Elias (Elijah) warned his people against the worship of Baʿal.

## References
Adenomera chicomendesi

The **Rio Branco tropical bullfrog** or '''Chico Mendes' terrestrial nest-building frog'* (*Adenomera chicomendesi'') is a frog.  It lives in Brazil, Bolivia, and Peru.

## Home
This frog lives in Amazon places. It lives in forest that has never been cut down and forests that are growing back. People also see it in small pieces of forest in towns. Scientists have seen it between  above sea level.

Scientists have seen these frogs in protected places, for example Tambopata National Reserve, Amboró National Park, and Parque Zoobotânico from Universidade Federal do Acre.

## Young
The male frog hides or sits on top of the dead leaves on the ground and calls to the female frogs. Scientists believe this frog puts its eggs underground.

## Danger
Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is not in danger of dying out. Human beings cut down forests to make towns, farms, tree farms, places for animals to eat grass, and places to dig sandstone out of the ground.

## First paper
*

## References
Magnesium peroxide

**Magnesium peroxide** is a chemical compound with the chemical formula . This compound contains magnesium and peroxide ions. Its molar mass is around 56.304 g/mol. It is used to release oxygen gas when it reacts with water or moisture just like calcium peroxide.

## Preparation
It is made when magnesium oxide reacts with hydrogen peroxide to make magnesium peroxide and water. This reaction usually occurs around 30&nbsp;°C to 40&nbsp;°C.
:The balanced chemical equation is:
:

## Reactions with magnesium peroxide
When magnesium peroxide reacts with water, it slowly makes magnesium hydroxide, and hydrogen peroxide which decomposes to water and oxygen gas.
:The first step balanced chemical equation is:
:
:The second step balanced chemical equation is:
:

## Related pages
*Sodium peroxide
Bachtyar Ali

**Bachtyar Ali** (born August 8, 1960) is a Kurdish writer, poet, and thinker. He started writing poems, but in the mid-1990s, he became a novelist. He has written 13 novels, as well as many books of poems and essays.

Since the mid-1990s, Ali has lived in Germany (in Frankfurt, Cologne, and Bonn). In his writing, he covers serious topics, such as the 1988 Anfal genocide under Saddam Hussein and the relationship between power and intellectuals. He often uses Western philosophy to explain problems in Kurdish society, adapting these ideas to his own context.
2012 VP113

'''''' is a trans-Neptunian object that also classified as sednoid. It was discovered on 5 November 2012. Discovery of that space object was announced on 26 March 2014 by Scott S. Sheppard and Chadwick Trujillo.

## Related pages 
*90377 Sedna
*541132 Leleākūhonua
*
Van Gujjar people

The **Van Gujjar** or **Ban Gujjar** (also known as **Muhamadan Gujjars** or **Jungali** (forest) **Gurjars**) is a pastoral and nomadic ethnic group of the Gurjar community.

They are traditionally herders primarily residing in the Shivalik Hills of Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh and Western Uttar Pradesh. They are followers of Islam. The Van Gujjars of Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh have strong ties with the Muslim Gujjars (Bakarwal Gurjars) of Himachal Pradesh and Jammu Kashmir, with intermarriages being common.

## References
Tod Kar Dil Mera

***Tod Kar Dil Mera*** () is an Indian Hindi-language romantic drama television series which premiered on 19 January 2026 on StarPlus. Produced under Bombay Shows Studio, it stars Anurima Chakraborty and Ashish Raghav.

## Cast 
* Anurima Chakraborty
* Ashish Raghav
* Sakshi Parihar
* Anshi Yadav

## Production 
The series was announced by Bombay Shows Studio on StarPlus. It was initially titled *Tod Kar Dil Mera... Hua Sab Tera*. Principal photography of the series commenced in October 2025 The filming took place in Lucknow.

## Release 
The series is set against the backdrop of Lucknow. The promo featuring the leads was released on 8 January 2026. The cast promoted the series Mohanlalganj and Lucknow.

The series was made available for streaming on JioHotstar and received mixed reviews from critics.

## Other websites 
* *Tod Kar Dil Mera* on JioHotstar

## References
Felicia Eriksson

**Felicia Agneta Eriksson** (born 5 October 2001), also known as **FELICIA**, is a Swedish singer. She participated in  with the song "", she performed during the second heat on 7 February 2026 at Scandinavium in Gothenburg, she advanced to the Final which took place on 7 March 2026 at the Strawberry Arena in Stockholm, she won the Final and will  in the Eurovision Song Contest 2026, she will perform in the first semi-final which will take place on 12 May 2026.

## Discography
### Extended plays
### Singles
## Notes
## References
1975 spring offensive

The **1975 spring offensive** (Vietnamese: **Chiến dịch Mùa Xuân 1975**), officially known as the **general offensive and uprising of spring 1975 to fully liberate the South** (Vietnamese: **Tổng tiến công và nổi dậy mùa Xuân 1975, giải phóng hoàn toàn miền Nam**), was the final campaign in the Vietnam War launched by North Vietnam and the Viet Cong to fully take South Vietnam which was a success and led to Saigon's unconditional surrender and fall.

## Related pages 
* Battle of Phước Long
Søren Torpegaard Lund

**Søren Torpegaard Lund** (born 23 December 1998), is a Danish singer-songwriter and actor. He participated in , the Danish national selection for the Eurovision Song Contest 2023, with the song "Lige her", the song was one of eight song competing in the competition, but the song did not place among the top three entries. He will  in the Eurovision Song Contest 2026 with the song "" after winning **Dansk Melodi Grand Prix 2026**, he will perform in the second semi-final which will take place on 14 May 2026.

## Discography
### Extended plays
### Singles
## References
Anssi Salmela

**Anssi Salmela** (born 13 August 1984) is a Finnish former professional ice hockey defenceman. He played parts of 5 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the New Jersey Devils and Atlanta Thrashers. Outside of the NHL, Salmela played for the Tappara, the Lahti Pelicans and Ilves of the SM-liiga. He has also played for Avangard Omsk, Kunlun Red Star, and Dinamo Riga of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL), as well as, Modo Hockey, HV71, Färjestad BK, Brynäs IF, and Linköping HC of the Swedish Hockey League (SHL), and EHC Biel of the National League.

## Career
Before playing in the NHL, Salmela played parts of four seasons with Tappara and two seasons with the Lahti Pelicans of the SM-liiga. He had a successful time with Tappara. He was awarded the Juha Rantasila Trophy for most goals for defenseman with 16 and was also awarded a bronze medal with the team.

He was not drafted by an NHL team. On 22 May 2008, Salmela signed a one-year, two-way contract to join the New Jersey Devils. On October 10, 2008, Salmela made his NHL debut in a 2–1 win against the New York Islanders. On November 12, he recorded his first NHL point, assisting on a Zach Parise goal in a 5–2 loss against the New York Rangers.

On 2 March 2009, the Thrashers traded Salmela to the Atlanta Thrashers in exchange for Niclas Hävelid and Myles Stoesz. On March 16, Salmela scored his first NHL goal against José Théodore in a 5–1 win against the Washington Capitals. He played parts of two seasons with e Thrashers. 

On February 4, 2010, the Thrashers traded Salmela along with Ilya Kovalchuk and a 2010 second-round draft pick back to the New Jersey Devils in exchange for Johnny Oduya, Niclas Bergfors, Patrice Cormier, a 2010 first- and second-round draft pick. He played parts of two seasons with the Devils.

On 15 July 2011, Salmela left North America and signed a two-year, $1.5 million contract to join Avangard Omsk of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).

He played for many other teams in Europe before retiring from playing professional ice hockey in 2021.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Tan Ngang

**Tan Ngang ()**, also known as **Tan Angangba ()**, is a traditional fried bread from the Meitei cuisine of Manipur, northeast India. It is made with refined flour, commonly called maida, and curd. Tan Ngang is similar to the Indian puri and is often served with curries such as Sana Thongpa or Keli Chana, particularly for breakfast.

## Ingredients 
The main ingredients of Tan Ngang are one cup of all-purpose flour (maida), two tablespoons of thick yogurt or hung curd, salt to taste, and water as needed for kneading. Oil is required for deep frying the bread.

## Preparation 
To prepare Tan Ngang, the flour and salt are first combined in a bowl. Yogurt is then added, and the mixture is gradually kneaded with water to form a soft, non-sticky dough. The dough is divided into small portions, which are rolled into balls and flattened into circles about three inches in diameter.

Oil is heated in a pan or kadai for deep frying. Each flattened dough circle is gently placed into the hot oil. Using a slotted spoon, the puri is lightly pressed and hot oil is poured on top while moving it in a circular motion. This causes the bread to puff up. Once puffed, it is flipped to the other side and fried until it turns golden brown. It is important not to fry the puri for more than two minutes to prevent it from becoming brittle.

After frying, the Tan Ngang is removed from the oil and drained on a kitchen towel. The process is repeated for the remaining dough until all the puris are cooked.

## Serving 
Tan Ngang is traditionally served hot. It is commonly accompanied by Manipuri dishes such as Sana Thongba or other curries like Kala Desi Chana. It is especially popular as a breakfast dish.

## Related pages 
* Chamthong
* Nga Thongba
* Tharoi Thongba
* Yen Thongba

## References
Chris Thorburn

**Chris Thorburn** (born June 3, 1983) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey right winger. He played parts of 14 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Buffalo Sabres, Pittsburgh Penguins, Atlanta Thrashers, Winnipeg Jets, and St. Louis Blues.

## Career
Before playing in the NHL, Thorburn played parts of three seasons with the North Bay Centennials, one season with the Saginaw Spirit, and one season with the Plymouth Whalers of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL).

He was drafted 50th overall by the Buffalo Sabres in the 2001 NHL entry draft. He was immediately sent down to play for their AHL-affiliate Rochester Americans. On December 2, 2005, the Sabres called him up and Schneider made his NHL debut in a 5–0 loss against the San Jose Sharks. Two days later on December 4, Thorburn recorded his first NHL point, assisting on a Paul Gaustad goal in a 6–4 win against the Colorado Avalanche.

On September 12, 2006, Thorburn signed a contract to stay with the Sabres. The Sabres placed Thorburn on waivers and he was claimed by the Pittsburgh Penguins on October 3. On November 6, 2006, Thorburn scored his first NHL goal against Jean-Sébastien Giguère in a 3–2 overtime loss against the Anaheim Ducks. During his one season with the Penguis, Thorburn scored 3 goals and recorded 2 assists for 5 points in 39 games.

On June 22, 2007, the Penguins traded Thorburn to the Atlanta Thrashers in exchange for a 2007 third-round draft pick. On July 2, 2009, Thorburn signed a two-year, $1.32 million contract to stay with the Thrashers. On February 26, 2011, Thorburn signed a two-year, $1.32 million contract to stay with the Thrashers. He remained with the team when they relocated to become the Winnipeg Jets. On June 30, 2014, Thorburn signed a three-year, $3.6 million contract to stay with the Jets.

On June 21, 2017, the Jets left Thorburn unprotected in the expansion draft and he was selected by the Vegas Golden Knights. He never played a game for Vegas and became a free agent.

On July 1, 2017, Thorburn signed a two-year, $1.8 million contract to join the St. Louis Blues. He played parts of two seasons with the Blues.

On June 22, 2020, Thorburn announced that he was retiring from playing professional ice hockey.

## References
## Other websites 
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Brett Sterling

**Brett Stewart Sterling** (born April 24, 1984) is an American former professional ice hockey left winger. He played 30 regular season games in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Atlanta Thrashers, Pittsburgh Penguins, and St. Louis Blues. Outside of the NHL, Sterling has also played for HV71 and Örebro HK of the Swedish Hockey League (SHL) and EC Red Bull Salzburg of the Erste Bank Eishockey Liga (EBEL).

## Career
Before playing in the NHL, Sterling played parts of four years with the Colorado College Tigers of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA).

He was drafted 145th overall by the Atlanta Thrashers in the 2003 NHL entry draft. On July 6, 2006, Sterling signed his entry-level contract to join the Thrashers. He was immediately sent down to play for their AHL-affiliate Chicago Wolves. On October 5, 2007, the Thrashers called him up and Sterling made his NHL debut in a 3–1 loss against the Washington Capitals. On October 20, he recorded his first NHL point, assisting on a Darren Haydar goal in a 6–5 loss against the New Jersey Devils. On October 20, Sterling scored his first NHL goal against Johan Holmqvist in a 6–2 overtime loss against the Tampa Bay Lightning.

On June 24, 2010, the Thrashers traded Sterling along with Michael Vernace and a 2010 seventh-round draft pick to the San Jose Sharks in exchange for future considerations. He never played a game with the Sharks. On July 3, Sterling signed a 1-year, $500,000 contract to join the Pittsburgh Penguins. He scored 3 goals and recorded 2 assists for 5 points in 7 games for the Penguins. On September 29, the Penguins placed Sterling on waivers and he cleared to be sent down to the Wilkes–Barre/Scranton Penguins.

On July 4, 2011, Sterling signed a one-year, $600,000 contract to join the St. Louis Blues. He played a total of 4 games with the Blues.

After playing many years in Europe, Sterling retired from playing professional ice hockey in 2018.

## References
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Clay Wilson

**Clay Daniel Wilson** (born April 5, 1983) is an American former professional ice hockey defenseman. He played parts of 36 regular season games in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Columbus Blue Jackets, Atlanta Thrashers, Florida Panthers, and Calgary Flames. Outside of the NHL, Wilson played for HC Donbass, HC Sochi, and Severstal Cherepovets of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL), and AIK IF of the HockeyAllsvenskan.

## Career
Before playing in the NHL, Wilson played parts of four years with the Michigan Tech Huskies of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA) and two seasons with the Muskegon Fury of the United Hockey League (UHL).

He was not drafted by an NHL team. On July 11, 2006, Wilson signed a two-year contract to join the Anaheim Ducks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was immediately sent down to play for their AHL-affiliate Portland Pirates. On November 15, 2007, the Ducks traded Wilson along with Aaron Rome to the Columbus Blue Jackets in exchange for Geoff Platt. He was immediately sent down to play for their AHL-affiliate Syracuse Crunch. On March 25, 2008, the Blue Jackets called him up and Wilson made his NHL debut in a 3–0 loss against the Nashville Predators. The next day on November 26, he recorded his first NHL point, assisting on a Joakim Lindström goal. The next period, Wilson scored his first NHL goal against Nikolai Khabibulin in a 4–0 win against the Chicago Blackhawks.

On January 14, 2009, the Blue Jackets traded Wilson along with a 2009 sixth-round draft pick to the Atlanta Thrashers in exchange for Jason Williams. He played a total of 2 games with the Thrashers.

On July 2, Wilson signed a two-year, two-way contract to join the Florida Panthers. He split time between the Panthers and their AHL-affiliate Rochester Americans. He played 17 games with the Panthers, scoring 3 goals and recording 2 assists.

On February 7, 2011, Wilson signed a two-year, $1.05 million contract to join the Calgary Flames. He played 5 games with the Flames and spent most of his time playing for their AHL-affiliate Abbotsford Heat.

On October 16, 2018, Wilson decided to retire and become the assistant coach for HC Donbass of the Ukrainian Hockey League (UHL).

## References
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Colin Stuart (ice hockey)

**Colin Stuart** (born July 8, 1982) is an American former professional ice hockey left winger. He played parts of 5 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Atlanta Thrashers and Buffalo Sabres. Outside of the NHL, Stuart played for the Iserlohn Roosters of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL) and the Malmö Redhawks of the HockeyAllsvenskan.

## Career
Before playing in the NHL, Stuart played parts of one season with the Lincoln Stars of the United States Hockey League (USHL) and four years with the Colorado College Tigers of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA).

He was drafted 135th overall by the Atlanta Thrashers in the 2001 NHL entry draft. On June 18, 2004, Stuart signed his entry-level contract to join the Thrashers. He was immediately sent down to play for both their AHL-affiliate Chicago Wolves and ECHL-affiliate Gwinnett Gladiators. On July 13, 2006, Stuart signed a contract extension to stay with the Thrashers. On December 29, 2007, the Thrashers called him up and Stuart made his NHL debut in a 5–0 win against the Boston Bruins. During the game, Stuart also recorded his first NHL point, assisting on a Pascal Dupuis goal. Two days later on December 31, Stuart scored his first NHL goal against Tim Thomas in a 5–2 loss against the Boston Bruins. 

On July 1, 2009, the Thrashers traded Stuart along with Garnet Exelby to the Toronto Maple Leafs in exchange for Pavel Kubina and Tim Stapleton. He never played a game with the Leafs. On July 27, the Leafs traded Stuart along with Anton Strålman and a 2012 seventh-round draft pick to the Calgary Flames in exchange for Wayne Primeau and a 2011 second-round draft pick. He was immediately sent down to play for their AHL-affiliate Abbotsford Heat.

On July 7, 2011, Stuart signed a one-year contract to play for the Buffalo Sabres. He played three games and then was sent down to play for their AHL-affiliate Rochester Americans.

On September 18, 2012, Stuart decided to leave North America and sign a one-year contract to join the Iserlohn Roosters of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL). He scored 9 goals and recorded 12 assists for 21 points in 45 games for the Roosters.

On July 25, 2013, Stuart returned to North America after he signed a one-year, two-way contract with the Vancouver Canucks. He was immediately sent down to play for their AHL-affiliate Utica Comets. He scored 17 goals and recorded 8 assists for 25 points in 54 games for the Comets.

On August 14, 2014, Stuart returned to Europe after signing a one-year contract to join the Malmö Redhawks of the HockeyAllsvenskan.

On August 30, 2015, Stuart announced that he was retiring from playing professional ice hockey.

## Personal life
Stuart's father Michael is a Mayo Clinic physician. His older brother Mike and younger brother Mark also played professional ice hockey in the NHL. 

## References
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Jean-François Jomphe

**Jean-François Joseph "J.F." Jomphe** (born December 28, 1972) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre. He played parts of 5 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, Phoenix Coyotes, and Montreal Canadiens. Outside of the NHL, Jomphe also played for the Krefeld Pinguine, Adler Mannheim, and ERC Ingolstadt of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL), and EHC Biel of the National League B (NLB).

## Career
Before playing in the NHL, Jomphe played parts of three seasons with the Shawinigan Cataractes and one season with the Sherbrooke Faucons of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL). He was not drafted by an NHL team. He played one season with the San Diego Gulls of the International Hockey League and one season with the Greensboro Monarchs of the ECHL.

He joined the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim during the 1995–96 season. On February 4, 1996, Jomphe made his NHL debut in a 4–1 loss against the Chicago Blackhawks. On February 10, he recorded his first two NHL points, assisting on goals by Jim Campbell and Jason York in a 4–1 loss against the New York Islanders. On February 14, Jomphe scored his first NHL goal against Curtis Joseph in a 4–1 loss against the Edmonton Oilers.

On June 18, 1998, the Mighty Ducks traded Jomphe to the Phoenix Coyotes in exchange for Jim McKenzie. He played a total of 1 game for the Coyotes.

On March 23, 1999, the Coyotes traded Jomphe to the Montreal Canadiens in exchange for cash. He played a total of 3 games for the Canadiens before they sent him down to play for their AHL-affiliate Fredericton Canadiens.

After his NHL career was finished, played in Europe for a few years before retiring from playing professional ice hockey in 2005.

## References
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Joe Motzko

**Joseph Andrew Motzko** (born March 14, 1980) is an American former professional ice hockey right winger. He played parts of 15 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Columbus Blue Jackets, Anaheim Ducks, Washington Capitals, and Atlanta Thrashers. Outside of the NHL, Motzko has also played for ERC Ingolstadt of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL), EC Red Bull Salzburg of the Erste Bank Eishockey Liga (EBEL), and Ritten/Renon of Serie A.

Motzko is a one-time Stanley Cup champion, winning with the Ducks in 2007.

## Career
Before playing in the NHL, Motzko played parts of one season with the Omaha Lancers of the United States Hockey League (USHL) and four years with the St. Cloud State Huskies of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA). He had a successful time with his teams. With the Huskies, Motzko was named WCHA Rookie of the Week and he also won the Broadmoor Trophy with the Huskies.

He was not drafted by an NHL team. On May 15, 2003, Motzko signed a multi-year contract to join the Columbus Blue Jackets. He was immediately sent down to play for their AHL-affiliate Syracuse Crunch. On February 2, 2004, the Blue Jackets called him up and Motzko made his NHL debut in a 3–3 overtime tie against the Phoenix Coyotes. On November 25, Boulton scored his first NHL goal against Nikolai Khabibulin in a 5–4 overtime win against the Chicago Blackhawks. On July 28, 2005, Motzko signed a two-year contract to stay with the Blue Jackets.

On January 26, 2007, the Blue Jackets traded Motzko along with Mark Hartigan and a 2007 fourth-round draft pick to the Anaheim Ducks in exchange for Curtis Glencross, Zenon Konopka, and either a 2007 or 2008 Conditional seven-round draft pick. He helped the Ducks when they went on a run in the playoffs. They defeated the Minnesota Wild, Vancouver Canucks, and Detroit Red Wings. They went on to defeat the Ottawa Senators four games to one in the Final to win the Stanley Cup. Motzko played in 3 playoff games for the Ducks.

On July 9, 2007, Motzko signed a two-year, $1.025 million contract to join the Washington Capitals. He scored 2 goals and recorded 2 assists for 4 points in 8 games with the Capitals.

On February 26, 2008, the Capitals traded Motzko to the Atlanta Thrashers in exchange for Alexandre Giroux. He played 6 regular season games with the Thrashers and scored 1 goal.

On September 15, 2009, Motzko left North America and signed a contract to join ERC Ingolstadt of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL). He played parts of four seasons with the team.

On June 26, 2013, Motzko signed a one-year contract to join EC Red Bull Salzburg of the Erste Bank Eishockey Liga (EBEL). HE scored 11 goals and recorded 20 assists for 31 points in 45 regular season games. Motzko retired from playing professional ice hockey in 2017.

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Jim Slater (ice hockey)

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**James Parker Slater** (born December 9, 1982) is an American former professional ice hockey center. He played parts of 10 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played his entire NHL career for the Atlanta Thrashers and Winnipeg Jets. Outside of the NHL, Slater played for Genève-Servette Hockey Club and HC Fribourg-Gottéron of the National League A (NLA).

## Career
Before playing in the NHL, Williams played parts of four years with the Michigan State Spartans of the Central Collegiate Hockey Association (CCHA). He had a successful time with the Spartans. He finished his rookie season by scoring 11 goals and recording 21 assists for 32 points in 37 games. He was named to the All-CCHA Rookie Team. The next season, he was named to the All-CCHA First Team. He was also named to the team the next season and was named as a AHCA West Second-Team All-American.

He was drafted 30th overall by the Atlanta Thrashers in the 2002 NHL entry draft. On August 15, 2005, Slater signed an entry-level contract to join Thrashers. He was immediately sent down to play for their AHL-affiliate Chicago Wolves. On October 5, 2005, the Thrashers called him up and Williams made his NHL debut in a 2–0 loss against the Florida Panthers. On November 4, he recorded his first NHL point, assisting on a Bobby Holík goal in a 3–2 shootout loss against the Washington Capitals. On November 9, Slater scored his first NHL goal against Sébastien Caron in a 5–0 win over with the Pittsburgh Penguins. On July 8, 2009, Slater signed a one-year, $800,000 contract to stay with the Thrashers. On June 8, 2010, Slater signed a two-year, $2 million contract to stay with the Thrashers. He stayed with the team when they relocated to become the Winnipeg Jets. On June 13, 2012, Slater signed a three-year, $4.8 million contract to stay with the Jets.

On September 29, 2015, Slater decided to leave North America and head overseas after he signed with Genève-Servette Hockey Club of the National League A (NLA). Slater retired from playing professional ice hockey in 2019.

On September 3, 2018, Slater became a volunteer assistant coach for the Michigan State Spartans. On September 20, 2019, he signed a contract to become a member of the Player Development Department for the Washington Capitals. 

## References
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Muehlenbeckia platyclada

***Muehlenbeckia platyclada*** is an ornamental plant from the Solomon Islands, formerly recognized as a Homalocladium (H platycladum L H Bailey).

## References 
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