January 3

More commonly this day is known as buzzball day with the official party celebrated at 29 Garden Place in the Land of the Gods. 

## Events 
### Up to 1900 
* 1496 &ndash; Leonardo da Vinci unsuccessfully tests a flying machine.
* 1521 &ndash; Pope Leo X excommunicates Martin Luther.
* 1749 &ndash; The first issue of the Danish newspaper *Berlingske Tidende* is published.
* 1777 &ndash; American general George Washington defeats a British–Hessian Army under Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis in the Battle of Princeton.
* 1795 &ndash; Catherine II of Russia and Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor complete a treaty agreeing to the Third Partition of Poland.
* 1815 &ndash; Austria, the United Kingdom and France form a secret defensive alliance against Prussia and Russia.
* 1823 &ndash; Stephen A. Austin receives a grant of land in Texas from the Mexican government.
* 1848 &ndash; Joseph Jenkins Roberts is sworn in as the first President of Liberia.
* 1851 &ndash; French physicist Jean Bernard Léon Foucault experiments with the Foucault pendulum to prove that the Earth rotates.
* 1861 &ndash; Delaware votes to remain in the United States, and not to secede.
* 1868 &ndash; Meiji Restoration in Japan.
* 1870 &ndash; Building work on the Brooklyn Bridge in New York City begins.
* 1888 &ndash; The refracting telescope at the Lick Observatory near San Jose, California, measuring  in diameter, is used for the first time. It was the world's largest telescope at the time.

### 1901&ndash;2000 
* 1908 &ndash; The Kaziranga National Park is created in Assam, northeastern India.
* 1911 &ndash; A magnitude 7.7 earthquake destroys Almaty in present–day Kazakhstan.
* 1918 &ndash; Finland officially gains independence from the Russian Empire.
* 1919 &ndash; Paris Peace Conference: Emir Faisal of Iraq and Chaim Weizmann agree to develop a Jewish homeland in Palestine and an Arab nation in the Middle East.
* 1925 &ndash; Benito Mussolini declares that he is taking dictatorial powers in Italy.
* 1932 &ndash; Martial law is declared in Honduras to stop a revolt by banana workers who had been fired by the United Fruit Company.
* 1934 &ndash; A mine explosion at Ossegg, Bohemia, kills 142 people.
* 1938 &ndash; Franklin D. Roosevelt establishes the March of Dimes.
* 1945 &ndash; Admiral Chester W. Nimitz is placed in command of all US naval forces in preparation for planned attacks against Iwo Jima and Okinawa.
* 1956 &ndash; Fire damages the top part of the Eiffel Tower.
* 1957 &ndash; The Hamilton Watch Company introduces the first electric watch.
* 1958 &ndash; The West Indies Federation is formed.
* 1959 &ndash; Alaska becomes the 49th state of the United States. William Egan becomes the first State Governor of Alaska.
* 1959 &ndash; Separatists in the Maldives declare the creation of the United Suvadive Republic.
* 1961 &ndash; Aero Flight 311 crashes near Kavelax, Finland, killing all 25 people on board.
* 1961 &ndash; The United States ends diplomatic relations with Cuba.
* 1962 &ndash; Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro.
* 1976 &ndash; The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights comes into effect.
* 1977 &ndash; Apple Computer is incorporated.
* 1980 &ndash; Francisco de Sa Carneiro becomes Prime Minister of Portugal.
* 1987 &ndash; Aretha Franklin is inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
* 1990 &ndash; Panama's leader Manuel Noriega surrenders to United States forces.
* 1992 &ndash; The United States and Russia officially establish diplomatic relations.
* 1993 &ndash; In Moscow, George H. W. Bush and Boris Yeltsin sign the second Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty.
* 1994 &ndash; More than 7 million people from the former apartheid homelands receive South African citizenship.
* 1994 &ndash; A Tupolev Tu–154 of Baikal Air crashes near Irkutsk, Siberia, killing all 148 people on board.
* 1999 &ndash; The Mars Polar Lander is launched to Mars.
* 2000 &ndash; The last original weekday *Peanuts* comic strip is published.

### From 2001 
* 2004 &ndash; Flash Airlines Flight 604, a Boeing 737, crashes into the Red Sea off Egypt, killing 148 people.
* 2007 &ndash; Kenya closes the border with Somalia and deports Somali refugees.
* 2009 &ndash; The first part of the decentralized payment system Bitcoin, called the Genesis Block, is established by the creator of the system, Satoshi Nakamoto.
* 2011 &ndash; Jerry Brown replaces Arnold Schwarzenegger as Governor of California.
* 2015 &ndash; Boko Haram militants enter Baga in Northern Nigeria and kill up to 2,000 people in the coming days.
* 2018 &ndash; Computer analysts report two major security vulnerabilities named "Meltdown" and "Spectre", affecting the microprocessors of all the computers in the world.
* 2026 &ndash; United States strikes in Venezuela occurs and Nicolás Maduro and his wife  Cilia Flores are captued.

## Births 
### Up to 1900 
* 106 BC &ndash; Cicero, Roman lawyer and political philosopher (d. 43 BC)
* 1196 &ndash; Emperor Tsuchimikado of Japan (d. 1231)
* 1698 &ndash; Pietro Metastasio, Italian poet (d. 1782)
* 1722 &ndash; Fredrik Hasselqvist, Swedish traveller and naturalist (d. 1752)
* 1733 &ndash; Richard Arkwright, English inventor (d. 1792)
* 1777 &ndash; Elisa Bonaparte, sister of Napoleon (d. 1820)
* 1789 &ndash; Carl Gustav Carus, German polymath (d. 1869)
* 1793 &ndash; Lucretia Mott, American women's rights activist (d. 1880)
* 1794 &ndash; Joseph Lebeau, 2nd Prime Minister of Belgium (d. 1865)
* 1802 &ndash; Félix Dupanloup, French bishop (d. 1878)
* 1806 &ndash; Henriette Sontag, German soprano (d. 1854)
* 1810 &ndash; Antoine Thomson d'Abbadie, French geographer, ethnologist, linguist and astronomer (d. 1897)
* 1812 &ndash; Elisha M. Pease, Governor of Texas (d. 1883)
* 1817 &ndash; Thomas E. Bramlette, Governor of Kentucky (d. 1875)
* 1819 &ndash; Charles Piazzi Smyth, Italian–Scottish astronomer (d. 1900)
* 1819 &ndash; Thomas H. Watts, Governor of Alabama (d. 1892)
* 1829 &ndash; Konrad Duden, German teacher, philologist and lexicographer (d. 1911)
* 1831 &ndash; Savitribai Phule, Indian social activist and educator (d. 1897)
* 1840 &ndash; Father Damien, Belgian missionary and doctor in Hawaii (d. 1889)
* 1861 &ndash; Ernest Renshaw, British tennis player (d. 1899)
* 1861 &ndash; William Renshaw, British tennis player (d. 1904)
* 1862 &ndash; Matthew Nathan, British Governor of Queensland (d. 1939)
* 1865 &ndash; Henry Lytton, British actor and opera singer (d. 1936)
* 1874 &ndash; Henry Newton, American golfer (d. 1946)
* 1875 &ndash; Alexandros Diomidis, 145th Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1950)
* 1876 &ndash; Wilhelm Pieck, German politician (d. 1960)
* 1879 &ndash; Grace Coolidge, First Lady of the United States (d. 1957)
* 1883 &ndash; Clement Attlee, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1967)
* 1884 &ndash; Raoul von Koczalski, Polish pianist and composer (d. 1948)
* 1886 &ndash; Grigory Neujmin, Georgian–Russian astronomer (d. 1946)
* 1887 &ndash; Helen Parkhurst, American educator, writer and lecturer (d. 1973)
* 1888 &ndash; George B. Seitz, American movie director and writer (d. 1944)
* 1892 &ndash; J. R. R. Tolkien, English writer (d. 1973)
* 1894 &ndash; ZaSu Pitts, American actress (d. 1963)
* 1895 &ndash; Borys Lyatoshynsky, Ukrainian composer (d. 1973)
* 1897 &ndash; Marion Davies, American actress (d. 1961)
* 1897 &ndash; Pola Negri, Polish–American actress (d. 1987)
* 1898 &ndash; Carolyn Haywood, American children's writer (d. 1990)

### 1901&ndash;1950 
* 1901 &ndash; Ngo Dinh Diem, Vietnamese politician (d. 1963)
* 1905 &ndash; Anna May Wong, Chinese–American actress (d. 1961)
* 1906 &ndash; William Wilson Morgan, American astronomer (d. 1994)
* 1907 &ndash; Ray Milland, Welsh actor and director (d. 1986)
* 1909 &ndash; Victor Borge, Danish comedian and pianist (d. 2000)
* 1910 &ndash; John Sturges, American director and producer (d. 1992)
* 1912 &ndash; Federico Borrell Garcia, Spanish Republican soldier (d. 1936)
* 1915 &ndash; Mady Rahl, German actress (d. 2009)
* 1916 &ndash; Bernard Greenhouse, American cellist (d. 2011)
* 1916 &ndash; Betty Furness, American actress (d. 1994)
* 1916 &ndash; Maxene Andrews, American singer (The Andrews Sisters) (d. 1995)
* 1919 &ndash; Dorothy Morrison, American actress
* 1919 &ndash; Herbie Nichols, American pianist and composer (d. 1963)
* 1920 &ndash; Siegfried Buback, Attorney General of Germany (d. 1977)
* 1920 &ndash; Renato Carosone, Italian pianist (d. 2001)
* 1921 &ndash; Chetan Anand, Indian movie director and screenwriter (d. 1997)
* 1921 &ndash; Jean-Louis Koszul, French mathematician (d. 2018)
* 1922 &ndash; Bill Travers, British actor and director (d. 1994)
* 1923 &ndash; Abd El Aziz Muhammad Hegazi, Prime Minister of Egypt (d. 2014)
* 1926 &ndash; George Martin, English music producer (d. 2016)
* 1926 &ndash; W. Michael Blumenthal, 64th United States Secretary of the Treasury and former Director of the Jewish museum in Berlin
* 1927 &ndash; Nazmiye Demirel, First Lady of Turkey (d. 2013)
* 1927 &ndash; Janaki Ballabh Patnaik, Indian politician (d. 2015)
* 1929 &ndash; Sergio Leone, Italian movie director (d. 1989)
* 1930 &ndash; Robert Loggia, American actor (d. 2015)
* 1932 &ndash; Coo Coo Marlin, American racing driver (d. 2005)
* 1932 &ndash; Eeles Landström, Finnish athlete
* 1932 &ndash; Dabney Coleman, American actor
* 1934 &ndash; Carla Anderson Hills, American politician
* 1937 &ndash; Glen A. Larson, American director, producer and screenwriter (d. 2014)
* 1938 &ndash; Ove Andersson, Swedish rally driver (d. 2008)
* 1939 &ndash; Arik Einstein, Israeli singer (d. 2013)
* 1939 &ndash; Bobby Hull, Canadian ice hockey player
* 1942 &ndash; Laszlo Solyom, former President of Hungary
* 1942 &ndash; John Thaw, British actor (d. 2002)
* 1943 &ndash; Jarl Alfredius, Swedish journalist (d. 2009)
* 1944 &ndash; Van Dyke Parks, American singer-songwriter, producer and actor
* 1944 &ndash; David Atherton, English conductor
* 1945 &ndash; Stephen Stills, American musician
* 1945 &ndash; David Starkey, English historian
* 1946 &ndash; John Paul Jones, English musician (Led Zeppelin)
* 1947 &ndash; Fran Cotton, English rugby player
* 1948 &ndash; Manfred Kokot, German athlete
* 1949 &ndash; Sylvia Likens, American torture victim (d. 1965)
* 1950 &ndash; Victoria Principal, American actress

### 1951&ndash;1975 
* 1952 &ndash; Gianfranco Fini, Italian politician
* 1952 &ndash; Esperanza Aguirre, Spanish politician
* 1953 &ndash; Mohammed Waheed Hassan, former President of the Maldives
* 1953 &ndash; Peter Taylor, English footballer
* 1955 &ndash; Palmolive, Spanish–English drummer
* 1956 &ndash; Mel Gibson, Australian–American actor and director
* 1956 &ndash; Guy Ryder, British labour activist
* 1958 &ndash; Shim Hyung-rae, South Korean movie maker
* 1960 &ndash; Daniela Schadt, German journalist
* 1962 &ndash; Gavin Hastings, Scottish rugby player
* 1963 &ndash; Stewart Hosie, Scottish politician
* 1963 &ndash; Till Lindemann, German singer (Rammstein)
* 1967 &ndash; Magnus Gustafsson, Swedish tennis player
* 1968 &ndash; Kent Carlsson, Swedish tennis player
* 1969 &ndash; Michael Schumacher, German racing driver
* 1969 &ndash; Gerda Weissensteiner, Italian bobsledder and luger
* 1971 &ndash; Sarah Alexander, British actress
* 1971 &ndash; Cory Cross, American ice hockey player
* 1972 &ndash; Janek Kiisman, Estonian footballer
* 1975 &ndash; Danica McKellar, British actress
* 1975 &ndash; Thomas Bangalter, French DJ and producer (Daft Punk)

### From 1976 
* 1976 &ndash; Angelos Basinas, Greek footballer
* 1977 &ndash; Lee Bowyer, English footballer
* 1977 &ndash; Michelle Stephenson, English singer (Spice Girls)
* 1978 &ndash; Liya Kebede, Ethiopian model
* 1978 &ndash; Mike York, American ice hockey player
* 1979 &ndash; Dina Tersago, Belgian model and television host
* 1981 &ndash; Eli Manning, American football player
* 1982 &ndash; Park Ji-yoon, South Korean singer, actress and model
* 1982 &ndash; Lasse Nilsson, Swedish footballer
* 1984 &ndash; Billy Mehmet, Irish footballer
* 1984 &ndash; Maximilian Mechler, German ski jumper
* 1985 &ndash; Linas Kleiza, Lithuanian basketball player
* 1986 &ndash; Dana Hussain, Iraqi athlete
* 1986 &ndash; Jessica O'Rourke, American soccer player
* 1986 &ndash; Lloyd, American singer
* 1988 &ndash; Ikechi Anya, Scottish footballer
* 1988 &ndash; Matt Frattin, Canadian ice hockey player
* 1989 &ndash; Ayaka Umeda, Japanese singer (AKB48)
* 1989 &ndash; Kohei Uchimura, Japanese gymnast
* 1989 &ndash; Alex D. Linz, American actor
* 1991 &ndash; Darius Morris, American basketball player
* 1992 &ndash; Doug McDermott, American basketball player
* 1993 &ndash; Kevin Ware, American basketball player
* 1995 &ndash; Kim Seol-hyun, South Korean actress and singer
* 1997 &ndash; Rahul Shah, Indian cricketer
* 2003 &ndash; Greta Thunberg, Swedish climate change activist

## Deaths 
### Up to 1900 
* 235 &ndash; St. Anterus, Pope
* 323 &ndash; Jin Yuandi, Chinese Emperor (b. 276)
* 492 &ndash; Pope Felix III
* 502 &ndash; Genevieve of Paris, Patron Saint of Paris
* 1322 &ndash; King Philip V of France (b. 1293)
* 1437 &ndash; Catherine of Valois, wife of King Henry V of England (b. 1401)
* 1543 &ndash; Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo, first European to visit California (b. 1499)
* 1571 &ndash; Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg (b. 1505)
* 1641 &ndash; Jeremiah Horrocks, English astronomer (b. ca. 1619)
* 1670 &ndash; George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle (b. 1608)
* 1701 &ndash; Prince Louis I of Monaco (b. 1642)
* 1705 &ndash; Luca Giordano, Italian painter (b. 1634)
* 1785 &ndash; Baldassare Galuppi, Italian composer (b. 1706)
* 1795 &ndash; Josiah Wedgwood, English pottery maker (b. 1730)
* 1863 &ndash; John Branch, Governor of North Carolina (b. 1782)
* 1875 &ndash; Pierre Larousse, French editor and encyclopedist (b. 1817)
* 1881 &ndash; Anna McNeill Whistler, mother of James Whistler (b. 1804)
* 1895 &ndash; James Merritt Ives, American lithographer and businessman (b. 1804)

### 1901&ndash;2000 
* 1903 &ndash; Alois Hitler, father of Adolf Hitler (b. 1837)
* 1904 &ndash; Larin Paraske, Finnish runic singer (b. 1834)
* 1915 &ndash; James Elroy Flecker, English poet, writer and playwright (b. 1884)
* 1916 &ndash; Grenville M. Dodge, American general (b. 1831)
* 1923 &ndash; Jaroslav Hasek, Czech novelist (b. 1883)
* 1927 &ndash; Carl Runge, German mathematician (b. 1856)
* 1933 &ndash; Wilhelm Cuno, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1876)
* 1933 &ndash; Jack Pickford, Canadian actor (b. 1896)
* 1943 &ndash; Walter James, 5th Premier of Western Australia (b. 1863)
* 1945 &ndash; Edgar Cayce, American psychic (b. 1877)
* 1946 &ndash; William Joyce, Irish Nazi propagandist (executed) (b. 1906)
* 1950 &ndash; Emil Jannings, Swiss actor (b. 1884)
* 1956 &ndash; Alexander Gretchaninov, Russian composer (b. 1864)
* 1959 &ndash; Edwin Muir, Scottish poet, writer and translator (b. 1887)
* 1967 &ndash; Jack Ruby, killer of Lee Harvey Oswald (b. 1911)
* 1974 &ndash; Gino Cervi, Italian actor (b. 1901)
* 1979 &ndash; Conrad Hilton, American hotelier (b. 1887)
* 1980 &ndash; Joy Adamson, Czech conservationist and writer (b. 1910)
* 1980 &ndash; Lucien Buysse, Belgian cyclist (b. 1892)
* 1981 &ndash; Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone, the last grandchild of Queen Victoria (b. 1883)
* 1982 &ndash; Fritz Laband, German footballer (b. 1925)
* 1988 &ndash; Rose Auslander, German poet (b. 1901)
* 1988 &ndash; Gaston Eyskens, Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1905)
* 1989 &ndash; Sergei Lvovich Sobolev, Russian mathematician (b. 1909)
* 1992 &ndash; Dame Judith Anderson, Australian actress (b. 1897)

### From 2001 
* 2001 &ndash; José Greco, flamenco dancer (b. 1918)
* 2002 &ndash; Freddy Heineken, Dutch CEO of Heineken (b. 1923)
* 2003 &ndash; Sid Gillman, American football coach (b. 1911)
* 2004 &ndash; Des Corcoran, 37th Premier of South Australia (b. 1928)
* 2004 &ndash; Leon Wagner, American MLB All-Star (b. 1934)
* 2005 &ndash; Jyotindra Nath Dixit, Indian national security advisor and former foreign secretary (b. 1936)
* 2005 &ndash; Will Eisner, American comic book artist and pioneering graphic novelist (b. 1917)
* 2005 &ndash; Koo Chen-fu, Chinese negotiator with the PRC (b. 1917)
* 2006 &ndash; Bill Skate, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (b. 1954)
* 2008 &ndash; Yo Sam-Choi, South Korean boxer (b. 1972)
* 2008 &ndash; Werner Dollinger, German politician and economist (b. 1918)
* 2009 &ndash; Pat Hingle, American actor (b. 1924)
* 2010 &ndash; Mary Daly, American theologian and scholar (b. 1928)
* 2012 &ndash; Josef Skvorecky, Czech writer (b. 1924)
* 2013 &ndash; Sergiu Nicolaescu, Romanian movie director, actor and politician (b. 1930)
* 2013 &ndash; Burry Stander, South African cyclist (b. 1987)
* 2014 &ndash; Leon de Wolff, Dutch journalist (b. 1948)
* 2014 &ndash; George Goodman, American economics professor (b. 1930)
* 2014 &ndash; Phil Everly, American singer and musician (Everly Brothers) (b. 1939)
* 2014 &ndash; Alicia Rhett, American actress (b. 1915)
* 2014 &ndash; Saul Zaentz, American movie producer (b. 1921)
* 2015 &ndash; Edward Brooke, American politician, United States Senator from Massachusetts (b. 1919)
* 2015 &ndash; Derek Minter, British motorcycle racer (b. 1932)
* 2015 &ndash; Bernice Madigan, American supercentenarian (b. 1899)
* 2015 &ndash; Olga Knyazeva, Russian fencer (b. 1954)
* 2016 &ndash; Peter Naur, Danish computer scientist (b. 1928)
* 2016 &ndash; Bill Plager, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1945)
* 2016 &ndash; C. B. Forgotston, American political blogger (b. 1945)
* 2016 &ndash; Igor Sergun, Russian military officer (b. 1957)
* 2016 &ndash; Paul Bley, Canadian jazz pianist (b. 1932)
* 2016 &ndash; Stephen W. Bosworth, American diplomat (b. 1939)
* 2016 &ndash; Amby Fogarty, Irish footballer (b. 1933)
* 2016 &ndash; Demmus Hentze, Faroese politician (b. 1923)
* 2016 &ndash; Peter Powell, English kite maker (b. 1932)
* 2016 &ndash; Georg Nees, German academic and artist (b. 1926)
* 2016 &ndash; Tommy Sale, English rugby league player (b. 1918)
* 2017 &ndash; Charles J. Colgan, American politician (b. 1925)
* 2017 &ndash; Rolf Noskwith, German–British businessman (b. 1919)
* 2017 &ndash; Igor Volk, Ukrainian–Russian cosmonaut (b. 1937)
* 2017 &ndash; Rodney Bennett, British television director (b. 1935)
* 2017 &ndash; Martin Brandtner, American Marine Corps general (b. 1938)
* 2017 &ndash; Mike Buchanan, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1932)
* 2018 &ndash; Fred Bass, American bookseller (b. 1928)
* 2019 &ndash; Herb Kelleher, American businessman (b. 1931)
* 2020 &ndash; Qasem Soleimani, Iranian general (b. 1957)
* 2022 &ndash; Beatrice Mintz, American embryologist (b. 1921)
* 2022 &ndash; Viktor Saneyev, Georgian triple jumper and Olympic champion (b. 1945)

## Observances 
* Statehood Day (Alaska)
* Perihelion, on or around this date, when Earth is at its closest point to the Sun during its orbit.