open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Phil Hardberger

**Phillip Duane Hardberger** (born July 27, 1934) is an American politician, lawyer, and jurist. He was Mayor of San Antonio, Texas from 2005 through 2009. He is a Democrat, but he was elected on a non-partisan ballot.

## References
Ron Nirenberg

**Ronald Adrian Nirenberg** (born April 11, 1977) is an American politician. He was the Mayor of San Antonio, Texas from 2017 until 2025. He was a member of the San Antonio City Council for District 8 for two terms.  He was sworn into office on June 21, 2017.

## References
Cheseaux-Noréaz

**Cheseaux-Noréaz** is a municipality in Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites
Red Bay Castle

**Red Bay Castle** () is located in County Antrim, Northern Ireland, on a piece of land projecting into the sea north of Glenariff located on the road to Cushendall.

## History
It was built by the Bissett family in the 13th century on the site of an earlier motte-and-bailey outpost of the Kingdom of Dál Riata. The Bissett family were stripped of their lands in Scotland and fled for their lives to Ireland after Walter de Bisset was accused of the murder of Patrick, Earl of Atholl, at Haddington, East Lothian in 1242. King Henry III of England granted Bisset large possessions in the Barony of Glenarm, Ireland.

John Mor MacDonald 1st of Dunnyveg married Margery Bissett of the Glens of Antrim, and acquired as a result the castle of Red Bay. His descendants known as the MacDonnells of Antrim extended and rebuilt the castle in the 16th century. In 1565, the castle was burned to the ground by Shane O'Neill, chief of the O'Neills of Tyrone; it was rebuilt by Sorley Boy MacDonnell, however later fell into disrepair.

In 1604 the castle was restored and was later destroyed by Oliver Cromwell in 1652 during the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland.

## References
The Bronx (band)

**The Bronx** is an American punk rock band from Los Angeles, California. It was created in 2002. The band's current line-up is vocalist Matt Caughthran, guitarists Joby J. Ford and Ken Horne, bass guitarist Brad Magers, and drummer Joey Castillo. The band have released five studio albums. They have also released three more albums of mariachi music under the moniker of **Mariachi El Bronx**.

The original group of The Bronx consisted of Caughthran, Ford, bassist James Tweedy, and drummer Jorma Vik.

## References
## Other websites
Elaine Feinstein

**Elaine Feinstein** (born as **Elaine Coolin**; 24 October 1930 – 23 September 2019) was an English poet, novelist, short-story writer, playwright, biographer and translator. She was born in Bootle, Lancashire.

She wrote 14 novels, many radio plays, television dramas and five biographies, including *A Captive Lion: the Life of Marina Tsvetaeva* (1987) and *Pushkin* (1998). *Ted Hughes: The Life of a Poet* (2001) was shortlisted for the biennial Marsh Biography Prize. 

Feinstein died on 23 September 2019 at the age of 88.

## Books
**Bessie Smith: Lives of Modern Women Series*  Penguin/Viking
**A Captive Lion: The Life of Marina Tsvetayeva*  Hutchinson, 1987
*''Lawrence's Women*  HarperCollins, London, 1993; *Lawrence and The Women*  New York, 1993
**Pushkin*  Weidenfeld & Nicolson; Ecco, U.S, 1998
**The Russian Jerusalem*
**Ted Hughes: The Life of a Poet* Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2001
**Anna of all the Russias: A Life of Anna Akhmatova*  Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2005; Knopf, 2006
**It Goes With The Territory: Memoirs of a Poet*  Alma Books, 2013

## References
## Other websites
*Podcast interview with Elaine Feinstein at the Aldeburgh Poetry Festival
*"Elaine Feinstein – Talking to the Dead", 7 May 2007. BBC *Woman's Hour* (audio 9 min)] "Elaine Feinstein", Tuesday 2 July 2002]
*"She Means It When She Rhymes: Marina Tsvetaeva: Selected Poems" .  Review from *Thumbscrew''. No 17 – Winter 2000/1
Column (periodical)

]]
A **column** is a recurring article in a newspaper, magazine or other publication. It is where a writer writes their own opinion in few columns given to them by the newspaper organization. Columns are written by columnists.
Advice column

An **advice column** is a column in a question and answer format. Usually, a reader writes to the media outlet with a problem in the form of a question. The media outlet gives an answer or response. The responses are written by an advice columnist. An advice columnist is someone who gives advice to people who send in problems to the media outlet.

*The Athenian Mercury* had the first known advice column in 1690.

## References
Corcelles-sur-Chavornay

**Corcelles-sur-Chavornay** was a municipality of the Jura-Nord vaudois district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 January 2017 the municipalities of Corcelles-sur-Chavornay and Essert-Pittet joined to become the municipality of Chavornay.

## References
District of Louisiana

The **District of Louisiana**, or **Louisiana District**, was an official, temporary, United States government designation for the part of the Louisiana Purchase that had not been organized into the Orleans Territory. It officially existed from March 10, 1804, until July 4, 1805, when it was incorporated as the Louisiana Territory.

On March 3, 1805, Congress passed a bill that organized the District of Louisiana into the Louisiana Territory. It started on July 4, 1805. The territorial government was organized in a way similar to the Indiana Territory.

## References
Battle of Marais des Cygnes

The **Battle of Marais des Cygnes** was a battle during Price's Missouri Raid in the American Civil War. It happened on October 25, 1864, in Linn County, Kansas. It is also called the **Battle of Osage,** or the **Battle of Trading Post**. It was the first of three related actions on the same day. All three of those actions involved elements of Major General Sterling Price's Confederate Army of Missouri, and the Union's Provisional Cavalry Division commanded by Major General Alfred Pleasonton.

## References
Thomas Ewing Jr.

**Thomas Ewing Jr.** (August 7, 1829 &ndash; January 21, 1896) was an attorney, the first chief justice of Kansas and leading free state advocate, Union Army general during the American Civil War, and two-term United States Congressman from Ohio, 1877–1881. He barely lost the 1880 campaign for Ohio Governor.

## Civil War
Ewing was responsible for General Order № 11. The Order was issued in response to William Quantrill's raid on Lawrence, Kansas, where 450 raiders shot and killed 150 men and boys.

## References
Concise

**Concise** is a municipality in the Jura-Nord vaudois district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Essert-Pittet

**Essert-Pittet** is a former municipality of the district of Jura-Nord vaudois of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 January 2017 the former municipalities of Essert-Pittet and Corcelles-sur-Chavornay merged into the municipality of Chavornay.

## References
Agricultural Adjustment Act

The **Agricultural Adjustment Act** (**AAA**) was a United States federal law of the New Deal era. it was designed to raise agricultural prices by having fewer surpluses. The Government bought livestock to kill, and they paid farmers subsidies not to plant on part of their land. The money for these subsidies was generated through a tax on companies which processed farm products. The Act created a new agency, the Agricultural Adjustment Administration, an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, to oversee the distribution of the subsidies.

## References
## Other websites
* Bill in its entirety
* http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1639.html
* https://web.archive.org/web/20080409194401/http://newdeal.feri.org/texts/browse.cfm?MainCatID=34
* Public Law 73-10, 73d Congress, H.R. 3835, Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933
* A Message from FDR to Congress on the AAA
*
Donneloye

**Donneloye** is a municipality of the district of Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 11 March 2007, the community decided to merge their municipality with those of the neighbouring Gossens and Mézery-près-Donneloye municipalities, with effect from 1 January 2008. On 1 January 2012, the former municipality of Prahins merged into Donneloye.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official Homepage of Donneloye 
* Donneloye Castle photos and article
Federal Emergency Relief Administration

The **Federal Emergency Relief Administration** (**FERA**) was the name given by the Roosevelt Administration to the **Emergency Relief Administration** (**ERA**). President Franklin Delano Roosevelt had created it in 1933. FERA was created from the Federal Emergency Relief Act. In 1935, it was replaced by the Works Progress Administration (WPA).

From May 1933 until December 1935, FERA gave states and cities $3.1 billion (the equivalent of $55.4 billion in 2017). FERA provided work for over 20 million people and developed facilities on public lands across the country.

## References
## Other websites
*FERA Program description
*University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections&nbsp;– Federal Emergency Relief Administration Photographs Essay on the program and images documenting the Federal Emergency Relief Administration program in King County, Washington, 1933-35.
* ERA and FERA in Utah
* Complete List of New Deal Communities, of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration, the Resettlement Administration, and the Division of Subsistence Homesteads, from the National New Deal Preservation Association
Sauk people

. By Karl Bodmer, aquatint made at St. Louis, Missouri in March or April 1833 when Massika pleaded for the release of war chief, Blackhawk, following the Black Hawk War.]]
The **Sac** or **Sauk** are a group of Native Americans of the Eastern Woodlands culture group. They lived mostly in the region of what is now Green Bay, Wisconsin. This was when they were first met by the French in 1667.

They have three federally recognized tribes, together with the Meskwaki (Fox), in Iowa, Oklahoma and Kansas.

## Other websites
* Official Site of the Sac and Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa/Meskwaki Nation - the Meskwaki 
* Official Site of the Sac and Fox Nation (of Oklahoma) - the Thakiwaki or Sa ki wa ki
* Official Site of the Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska - the Ne ma ha ha ki 
*General information to Sac and Fox
*Sauk Language, Sac and Fox Nation
Piankeshaw

The **Piankeshaw**, **Piankashaw** or **Pianguichia** Indigenous Peoples are Native Americans and members of the Miami Indians. They lived away from the rest of the Miami nation, therefore they were known as **Peeyankihšiaki** ("splitting off" from the others, Sing.: *Peeyankihšia* - "Piankeshaw Person"). They live in an area that now includes western Indiana and Ohio. They are closely allied with the Wea Indians. Piankeshaw villages have been found along the White River in central Indiana, and along the Vermilion River in Illinois, near Ouiatenon.  The Piankashaw were living along the Vermilion river in 1743.

## References
## Other websites
*Ohio History Central - Piankashaw Indians 
*1818 Treaty
Kaskaskia

, 1796]]
The **Kaskaskia** were one of the Native American tribes of the Northeastern Woodlands. They were one of about a dozen cognate tribes that made up the Illiniwek Confederation (also called the Illinois Confederation). They mostly lived in the Great Lakes region. Their first contact with Europeans happened in 1667 near present-day Green Bay, Wisconsin at a Jesuit mission station.

The descendants of the Kaskaskia, along with the Wea and Piankeshaw, are in the Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma. That means they are a federally recognized tribe in Oklahoma.

## References
## Other websites
* Kaskaskia entry in the Catholic Encyclopedia
*Lenville J. Stelle, *Inoca Ethnohistory Project: Eye Witness Descriptions of the Contact Generation, 1667 - 1700*
Ingrid Aune

**Ingrid Johansen Aune** (Stavanger, October 19, 1985-Namsos, August 1, 2019) was a Norwegian politician and politologist, mayor of the city of Malvik since 2015. She earned a degree in International Relations and Economics from the University of Oslo in 2010, later completing her studies at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States.

She died on August 1, 2019 in a boat accident on the outskirts of Namsos. She was 33 years old.

## References
Jackie Speier

**Karen Lorraine Jacqueline "Jackie" Speier** (born May 14, 1950) is an American politician. She was a United States Representative for the California 14th congressional district from 2008 to 2023. Speier was born in San Francisco, California.

Speier is a former member of the California State Senate. She was elected to that office on April 8, 2008. She represented parts of San Francisco and San Mateo counties.

Speier was shot five times in 1978 while she worked with Leo Ryan during the Jonestown Massacre. Ryan was killed.

Speier ran in the Democratic primary for the Lieutenant Governor of California against the insurance commissioner John Garamendi. Garamendi won the race, getting 42.5% of the vote. Speier got 39.7% of the vote.

Speier supports abortion, same sex marriage and LGBT rights. She is a member of the United States Democratic Party.

Speier endorsed Hillary Clinton for President of the United States.

## References
## Other websites
Otoe

The **Otoe** (Chiwere: *Jiwére*) are a Native American people of the Midwestern United States. The Otoe language, Chiwere, is part of the Siouan family, and it is related to that of the Iowa and Missouri tribes.

Historically, the Otoe Tribe lived as a semi-nomadic people on the Central Plains along the bank of the Missouri River in Nebraska, Kansas, Iowa and Missouri. They lived in elm-bark houses while they farmed. They used tipis when they traveled, like many other Plains tribes. They often left their villages to hunt buffalo. 

## References
## Other websites
Black bean

**Ebony bean** may refer to a number of edible seeds:

* Black turtle bean, a variety of common bean (*Phaseolus vulgaris*) in Latin American cuisine
* Black soybean, in East Asian cuisine
* Black bean sauce, fermented black soybeans in Chinese cuisine
* Black adzuki bean, a variety of adzuki bean in Korean cuisine
* Black gram (*vigna mungo*), a variety of gram (lentil) in South Asian cuisine

**Black bean** may also refer to:

**Castanospermum australe* (Moreton Bay Chestnut), a tree with poisonous seeds
*Black Bean Games, an Italian video game publisher
Bertha Holt

**Berta Marian Holt** (February 5, 1904 – July 24, 2000) was the founder of the Holt International Children's Services. She created the organization around 1956.

Bertha Holt was also a nurse. She was known as Grandma Holt.

Holt was born in Des Moines, Iowa. She died after having a stroke at age 96 in Creswell, Oregon.

## Awards
*National Mother of the Year award in 1966
*Korea National Merit Award in 1995 (as the only non-Korean to ever receive the award)
*World Record for the 400 meter race in the over 90 age group at the Hayward Classic in 1996
*2002, induction into the National Women's Hall of Fame

## References
Fontaines-sur-Grandson

**Fontaines-sur-Grandson** is a municipality in the district Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites
Orbe

**Orbe** is a small town in the Swiss canton of Vaud. It was the capital of the former district of Orbe and is now part of the district of Jura-Nord vaudois. The town is on the river of the same name. About 6,000 people live there.

The town has a coffee factory owned by Nestlé, a marionette museum, Roman ruins, and a late-Gothic church.

## References 
## Other websites 
*  
* Switzerland Tourism information
* 
* 
* 
* Orbe-Boscéaz (timetable of the Gallo-Roman villa)
* Fondation Pro Urba
Kickapoo people

The **Kickapoo People** (Kickapoo: ***Kiikaapoa*** or ***Kiikaapoi***) are an Algonquian-speaking Native American and Indigenous Mexican tribe. *Anishinaabeg* say the name "Kickapoo" (*Giiwigaabaw* in the Anishinaabe language and its Kickapoo cognate *Kiwikapawa*) means "Stands here and there." This may have referred to the tribe often moving around.  The name can also mean "wanderer".

There are three federally recognized Kickapoo tribes in the United States: Kickapoo Tribe of Indians of the Kickapoo Reservation in Kansas, the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma, and the Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas. The Oklahoma and Texas bands are politically linked with each other. The Kickapoo in Kansas came from them being moved from southern Missouri in 1832 as a land exchange from their reservation there. Around 3,000 people are tribal members.

## References
## Other websites
* Kickapoo Tribe of Kansas, official website
* Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma, official website
* Kickapoo language, alphabet and pronunciation
* Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas , official website
* Matthew R. Garrett, *Kickapoo Foreign Policy, 1650–1830*,  PhD dissertation, University of Nebraska, 2006, at Digital Commons
*Kickapoo Reservation, Kansas and Kickapoo Reservation, Texas  United States Census Bureau
* "First Nations: Kickapoo" , Lee Sultzman Tolatsga]
Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump

in September 2019]]
An **impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump** began on September 24, 2019, when Nancy Pelosi, the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, announced in a televised speech the beginning of a formal impeachment inquiry into Donald Trump, the 45th president of the United States. 

It began after President Trump and his personal attorney Rudy Giuliani repeatedly wanted the Ukrainian government to investigate Hunter Biden, the son of former vice president and 2020 presidential candidate Joe Biden, in what was seen as an attempt to hurt Biden's candidacy for president and for Trump to gain advantages in the 2020 election.

In July prior to the phone call with Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelensky, Trump stopped military aid to Ukraine; he released the hold in September.

Further revelations have been revealed, including; President Trump claiming to Russian officials in 2017 that he was unconcerned with Russian interference in the 2016 United States presidential election, U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo participating in the phone call to the Ukrainian President despite not being present in the released memo from the Trump Administration, as well as President Trump also pressuring Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison in a phone call to investigate the origins of the Mueller Report in an attempt to discredit it. 

On October 28, 2019, Speaker Pelosi announced she would hold a floor vote on a resolution to formally establish the procedures for the impeachment hearings. On October 31, 2019, the House voted 232–196 to create procedures for public hearings.

The inquiry ended on December 3. On December 5, Nancy Pelosi asked the Judiciary Committee to draft articles of impeachment against President Trump. On December 16, the House Judiciary Committee released a report specifying criminal bribery and wire fraud charges as part of the abuse of power charge. The house voted to impeach Trump on December 18, 2019. On February 5, 2020 the Senate acquitted Trump on both count.  The votes were 52-48 to acquit on the first count and 53-47 to acquit on the second count.

## References
Robert Hunter (lyricist)

**Robert C. Hunter** (June 23, 1941 – September 23, 2019) was an American lyricist, singer-songwriter, guitarist, translator, and poet. He was best known for his work with the Grateful Dead.

Over the years Hunter wrote lyrics to a number of the band's signature pieces, including "Dark Star", "Ripple", "Truckin'", "China Cat Sunflower", and "Terrapin Station". Hunter was added into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame with the Grateful Dead in 1994.

Hunter died on September 23, 2019 at his home in San Rafael, California at the age of 78.

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America

## References
Arroyo Grande, California

**Arroyo Grande** is a city in San Luis Obispo County, California, United States.  The population was 18,441 as of 2020.

## References
T. Terrell Sessums

**Thomas Terrell Sessums** (June 11, 1930 &ndash; June 6, 2020) was an American politician. He was born in Daytona Beach, Florida. Sessums was the Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives from 1972 to 1974. Sessums was a member of the state house from 1963 through 1972. He is a member of the Democratic Party. From 1979 through 1988, he was Chair of the Florida Board of Regents.

Sessums died on June 6, 2020 in Tampa, Florida at the age of 89.

## References
## Other websites
* T. Terrell Sessums Collection  at the University of South Florida
* Sessums Mall at the University of South Florida
* Sessums Elementary School
* Neva S. Sessums obituary
Arne Weise

**Arne Georg Fredrik Weise** (28 February 1930 – 25 September 2019) was a Swedish journalist and television personality. He was known as one of SVT's most famous broadcasters.  He worked at Sveriges Radio from 1952 and started working for SVT in 1979. He was born in Malmö.

On 25 September 2019, Weise died in his sleep, at the age of 89.

## References
Richard A. Pettigrew

**Richard Andrew Pettigrew** (born June 10, 1930) is an American politician. He was a member of the Democratic Party. Pettigrew was born in Charleston, West Virginia. He was in the Florida House of Representatives for the 97th district from 1963 to 1972. From 1971 to 1972, he was Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives.

## References
Ralph Turlington

**Ralph Donald Turlington, Sr.** (October 5, 1920 &ndash; May 14, 2021) was an American politician. He was born in Gainesville, Florida. Turlington was a member of the Democratic Party. He was a member of the Florida House of Representatives between 1950 through 1975. Between 1967 through 1969, he was the Speaker of the State House.

Turlington died on May 14, 2021 in Winston-Salem, North Carolina at the age of 100.

## References
Fort Larned National Historic Site

**Fort Larned National Historic Site** is a place that preserves **Fort Larned**. Fort Larned was a fort that was used from 1859 to 1878. It is about  west of Larned, Kansas, United States.

## History
The Camp on Pawnee Fork was built on October 22, 1859. it was created to protect people along the Santa Fe Trail from angry American Indians.

## References
## Other websites
;Official Websites
* National Park Service: Fort Larned National Historic Site
* Santa Fe Trail Center, museum devoted to the history of the Santa Fe Trail in city of Larned

;Articles
* *The Story of Fort Larned*, 1957 article, Kansas Historical Quarterly
* *Fort Larned celebrates 50th anniversary as national park site*, 2014 article, The Wichita Eagle
* Extensive photos of Fort Larned, kansastravel.org

;National Register of Historic Places
* 
* 
;Historic American Buildings Survey
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

;County Maps
* Pawnee County Maps: Current , Historic , KDOT
Le Lieu

**Le Lieu** is a municipality in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It is found in the district of Jura-Nord vaudois in the Vallée de Joux.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website of the municipality of Le Lieu 
* 
* 
* Aerial views of Le Lieu
* Aerial views of Les Charbonnières
* Aerial views of Le Séchey
* Vallée de Joux
Alfred Pleasonton

**Alfred Pleasonton** (July 7, 1824 – February 17, 1897) was a United States Army officer and major general of volunteers in the Union cavalry. This was during the American Civil War. He led the Cavalry Corps of the Army of the Potomac during the Gettysburg Campaign. This would also include the biggest cavalry battle of the war, Brandy Station.

## Early life
Pleasonton was born in Washington, D.C., on July 7, 1824.

## References
## Other websites
Meskwaki

,* (1836-1844, three volumes)]]
; "Wa-pel-la the Prince, Musquakee Chief", from *History of the Indian Tribes of North America*]]

The **Meskwaki** (sometimes spelled **Mesquaki**) are a Native American people. They are often called the **Fox** tribe. They are related to the Sauk people of the same language family. In the Meskwaki language, the Meskwaki call themselves *''. This means "the Red-Earths". This is related to their creation story. Historically they lived in the Great Lakes region. They are part of the Northeast Woodlands. 

## References
Wea

of Granville in Tippecanoe County, Indiana]]
The **Wea** were a Miami-Illinois-speaking Native American tribe. They were in western Indiana. They were related to the Miami Tribe. The name *Wea* is used today as the shortened version of their many recorded names. The Wea name for themselves in their own language is *waayaahtanwa*. This came from *waayaahtanonki*, 'place of the whirlpool', where they were first recorded being seen and where they were living at that time.

## References
Tom Polanic

**Thomas Joseph Polanic** (April 2, 1943 – September 22, 2019) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He was born in Toronto. Polanic played 19 games in the National Hockey League for the Minnesota North Stars between 1965 through 1977. He was born in Toronto.

Polanic died on September 22, 2019 in Toronto at the age of 76.

## References
Artūras Rimkevičius

**Artūras Rimkevičius** (14 April 1983 – 23 September 2019) was a Lithuanian footballer. He played as a striker. He was born in Kaunas.

Rimkevičius played for FK Tauras Tauragė, FBK Kaunas, FK Liepājas Metalurgs, FK Silute, FK Šiauliai, FK Bekentas, Atlantis FC. and Asteras Tripoli F.C.. He made his international debut against Latvia in June 2010, scoring three times for his country in seven caps, one against Estonia and two against Armenia.

Rimkevičius shot himself at his Kaunas apartment on 23 September 2019, aged 36.

## References
Donald L. Tucker

**Donald Legrand Tucker** (July 23, 1935 – September 24, 2019) was an American politician. He was born in Tallahassee, Florida. He was a member of the Florida House of Representatives between 1966 through 1978 and between 1975 through 1978, he was Speaker of the House. Tucker was a member of the Democratic Party.

Tucker died on September 24, 2019 at his Tallahassee home of cancer at the age of 84.

## References
Mathod

**Mathod** is a municipality of the district Jura-Nord vaudois, in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

## Other websites 
* Official website
Prahins

**Prahins** was a municipality of the district Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. The former municipality of Prahins merged on 1 January 2012 into the municipality of Donneloye.

## References 
## Other websites
Potawatomi

The **Pottawatomi** , also spelled **Pottawatomie** and **Potawatomi** (among many variations), are a Native American people of the Great Plains, upper Mississippi River, and western Great Lakes region. They traditionally speak the Potawatomi language. That language is part of the Algonquian family. The Potawatomi called themselves ***Neshnabé***, a cognate of the word *Anishinaabe*. The Potawatomi are part of a long-term friendship, called the Council of Three Fires, with the Ojibwe and Odawa (Ottawa).

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Hannahville Indian Community; Wilson, MI
* Citizen Potawatomi Nation , official website
* First Nations Compact Histories: Potawatomi History 
* Forest County Potawatomi
* Kettle & Stony Point First Nation
* Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish Band of Pottawatomi (Gun Lake)
* Moose Deer Point First Nation 
* Nottawaseppi Huron Band of Potawatomi
* Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians
* Potawatomi Author Larry Mitchell
* Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation
* Treaties with the Potawatomi
* Treaty Between the Ottawa, Chippewa, Wyandot, and Potawatomi Indians
* Potawatomi Migration from Wisconsin and Michigan to Canada
Peoria people

The **Peoria** (or Peouaroua) are a Native American people. They are in the federally recognized **Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma.** Historically, they were part of the Illinois Confederation.

Traditionally, the Peoria spoke a dialect of the Miami-Illinois language. The name "Peoria" comes from their autonym (name for themselves) in the Illinois language, *peewaareewa* (modern pronunciation *peewaalia*). It first meant "Comes carrying a pack on his back." No speakers of the Peoria language are alive; However, the Peoria Language (got people again who could speak some of the language, or) was revitalized in August 2022 by a 10-week online course that was made available by the tribe.

## References
## Other websites
*Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma, official website
*Tribes of the Illinois/Missouri Region at First Contact (1673)
*The Tribes of The Illinois Confederacy
*Inoca Ethnohistory Project: Eye Witness Descriptions of the Contact Generation, 1667–1700
* Peoria Historical Society at Google Cultural Institute
Premier, Switzerland

**Premier** is a municipality in the Jura-Nord vaudois district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites
Boone's Lick Road

The '''Boone's Lick Road** or **Boonslick Trail''' was an early 1800s transportation route. It went from eastern to central Missouri in the United States. It went east-west on the North side. It went along the Missouri River. The trail started in the river port of St. Charles. The trail was important in the westward expansion of the United States and the development of Missouri becoming a state. The trail ended at Franklin. Franklin was the start of the better-known Santa Fe Trail. First mapped by the sons of Daniel Boone, the path ended at a salt lick in Howard County used by the pair to manufacture salt. Today the lick is maintained as Boone's Lick State Historic Site. 

Towns created along the trail include Franklin, Smithton, Columbia, Fulton, Williamsburg, and Warrenton and others.

## References
## Other websites
*Boone's Lick Road Association
*Boonslick Historical Society
Arapaho

The **Arapaho** (; , ) are a tribe of Native Americans in the Great Plains. They used to live on the plains of Colorado and Wyoming. They were close friends of the Cheyenne tribe. They were barely friends with the Lakota and Dakota.

## History
### Early history
Around 3,000 years ago, the ancestors of the Arapaho-speaking people (''Heeteinono'eino'') lived in the western Great Lakes region. They lived there along the Red River Valley. This would be in what is present-day Manitoba, Canada and Minnesota, United States. The Arapaho were an agricultural people. They grew crops, including maize. 

## Language
The Arapaho language is currently spoken in two different dialects. It is considered to be a part the Algonquian language family. There are only about 250 fluent speakers of Northern Arapaho. Most of them live on the Wind River Reservation in Wyoming. There are even fewer fluent Southern Arapaho speakers. All of them are very old.

## References
Cravant

**Cravant** is the name or part of the name of several communes in France:

* Cravant, Loiret
* Cravant, Yonne, site of the Battle of Cravant (1423)
* Cravant-les-Côteaux, in the Indre-et-Loire *département*
Wichita State University football team plane crash

On Friday, October 2, 1970 at 1:14&nbsp;p.m. MDT in Colorado a chartered Martin 4-0-4 airliner crashed into a mountain eight miles (13&nbsp;km) west of Silver Plume. It happened in clear weather. The twin-engined propliner carried 37 passengers and a crew of three; 29 were killed at the scene and two later died of their injuries while under medical care. It was operated by Golden Eagle Aviation.

It was one of two aircraft carrying the Wichita State University football team to Logan, Utah. They were going to Utah for a game against Utah State University. The other plane flew a normal route and arrived safely in Utah. Pilot errors, including bad in-flight choices and bad pre-flight planning, were officially reported as what caused the crash.

## References
## Other websites
*NTSB Aircraft Accident Report, SA-421, File No. 3-1127 &nbsp;&nbsp; (alternate link 1, alternate link 2)
*Memorial '70 Homepage  – includes survivor recollections, photos of victims
*[Super70s article about the crash](http://www.super70s.com/Super70s/Tech/Aviation/Disasters/70-10-02(Martin404).asp) – includes narrative on circumstances leading up to the flight, and lists names of those on board
*[Roadside memorial adjacent to I-70 near Colorado crash site](http://www.super70s.com/Super70s/Tech/Aviation/Disasters/70-10-02(Martin404)_Photos.asp)
*Present-day photos of crash site on Mount Trelease – includes directions for visiting the site, and GPS coordinates
*1960s photo of the accident aircraft in Mohawk Airlines livery 
*Wichita State University Football Team Airplane Crash Collection – archives related to crash
Aliweb

**ALIWEB** (Archie Like Indexing for the Web) is considered the first search engine, as it was the first that allowed you to search for web pages. It was announced in November 1993 by the website maker Martijn Koster, and shown in May 1994.

## References
Missouri Tigers football

The **Missouri Tigers football** program represents the University of Missouri (often referred to as Mizzou) in college football. It competes in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Since 2012, Missouri has been a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). It is currently in its Eastern Division. Home games are played at Faurot Field ("The Zou") in Columbia, Missouri.

## References
Wichita State Shockers

The **Wichita State Shockers**  are the athletic teams that represent Wichita State University. They compete in the NCAA Division I. They are members of the American Athletic Conference, with the women's bowling team (elevated to varsity status in 2024) playing in Conference USA.

## Varsity sports
A member of the American Athletic Conference, Wichita State University sponsors teams in seven men's and eight women's NCAA sanctioned sports.

## Football team plane crash
On October 2, 1970, the first plane carrying players and staff of the WSU football team took off from a Colorado airport after refueling. It was supposed to go to Logan, Utah for a game against Utah State University. It flew into a mountain valley too narrow to allow it to turn back. It crashed into a mountainside. This killed 31 of the 40 players, administrators and fans near a ski resort  away from Denver. President Richard Nixon sent the president of the university a note which read, "Our thoughts and prayers go out to you in this time of sorrow."

## Bowl games
## References
Kansas State Wildcats

The **Kansas State Wildcats** (variously "**Kansas State**", "**K-State**", or "**KSU**") are the athletic teams for Kansas State University. The official color of the teams is Royal Purple. This makes Kansas State one of very few schools (as well as Syracuse and Harvard) that have only one official color; white and silver are generally used as complementary colors.

## Sports sponsored 
### Football 
]]
Kansas State's football team officially started playing in 1896 with a 14–0 loss to Fort Riley on November 28, 1896.

## Championships
:* Not counting titles earned in the Kansas Intercollegiate Athletic Association, through the 1912–13 school year. Kansas State captured at least ten championships in the old Kansas Conference, in track (1906, 1908, 1909), baseball (1907, 1908), football (1909, 1910, 1912), and basketball (1910, 1913).*

## References
Fort Wise Treaty

The **Treaty of Fort Wise** of  1861 was a treaty signed between the United States and six chiefs of the Southern Cheyenne and four of the Southern Arapaho Indian tribes. Many Cheyenne people hated this treaty because only a minority of Cheyenne chiefs had signed. They were also angry because those chiefs signed asking the rest of the tribe what they wanted. Different responses to the treaty were a reason why there was conflict between whites and Indians. This led to the Colorado War of 1864, including the Sand Creek Massacre.

## Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851)
The 1851 Treaty of Fort Laramie between the United States and various tribes including the Cheyenne and Arapaho says that the Cheyenne and Arapaho were supposed to have a very big amount of territory in the area between the North Platte River and Arkansas River and eastward from the Rocky Mountains to western Kansas. This area included present-day southeastern Wyoming, southwestern Nebraska, most of eastern Colorado, and the westernmost parts of Kansas.  However, in November 1858, people found gold in the Rocky Mountains in Colorado (then part of the western Kansas Territory). This created a gold rush. A lot of white people went across Cheyenne and Arapaho lands. This was at Bent's New Fort at Big Timbers. This was near what is now Lamar, Colorado. Lamar had been recently leased by the U.S. Government, and the name changed to Fort Wise. The Native Americans gave most of the lands given to them by the Fort Laramie treaty to the United States.

## References
1911 Kansas vs. Missouri football game

The **1911 Kansas vs. Missouri football game** was a college football game between the University of Kansas and the University of Missouri. It was played on November 25, 1911 at Rollins Field in Columbia, Missouri. It is considered to be the first college football homecoming game ever played.

## References
1890 Kansas vs. Baker football game

The **1890 Kansas vs. Baker football game** was an American college football game. It was between the  team of the University of Kansas and the  team of Baker University. It was played on November 22, 1890 in Baldwin City, Kansas. The game ended with Baker winning 22–9.  It was the first college football game played in the state of Kansas.

## References
1905 Cooper vs. Fairmount football game

The **1905 Cooper vs. Fairmount football game** was a college football game. It was between Cooper College (now the Sterling College) and  (now Wichita State University). It was played on October 6, 1905, at Association Field in Wichita. The game was played at night under gas lamps as a demonstration by the Coleman Company. It was the first night football game played west of the Mississippi River. Fairmount won by a score of 24&ndash;0.

## References
1939 Nebraska vs. Kansas State football game

The **1939 Kansas State Wildcats football team** represented Kansas State University in the 1939 college football season. The Wildcats finished the season with a 4–5 record with a 1–4 record in conference play. The Wildcats scored 107 points and gave up 108 points.

## Schedule
## Homecoming game against Nebraska
Kansas State played the Nebraska Cornhuskers on October 28, 1939. This game was the first college football homecoming game ever shown on television. It was also the second ever televised college football game and the first televised game west of New York City.

Kansas State scored first with a field goal. Two minutes later Nebraska took the lead. Nebraska won the game 25–9.

Nebraska entered the game a 12–5 favorite. The matchup was considered to be important to the outcome of the Big Six Conference championship.  Nebraska ended the game as one of ten college teams in the nation that were unbeaten up to that point.

## References
Asma al-Assad

**Asma Fawaz al-Assad** (, Levantine pronunciation: ; , : ; born 11 August 1975) was the First Lady of Syria from 2000 to 2024.

She was born and raised in London to Syrian parents. She is married to the 19th President of Syria, Bashar al-Assad.

In December 2024, she reportedly fled Syria for Russia alongside her three children following the Fall of Damascus. That same month, it was revealed that al-Assad had leukemia.

## References
Jesus water miracle

**Jesus water miracle** is the so called miracle in which statue of Jesus was weeping at Mumbai. People rushed to collect the 'holy water' and thus, police were called to manage the situation.

## References
Orzens

**Orzens** is a municipality of the district Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites
Rances

**Rances** is the name of two places in Europe:
* Rances, Aube, a commune in the Aube department in north-central France
* Rances, Switzerland, a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland
Fort Orleans

]]

**Fort Orleans** (sometimes referred to '''Fort D'Orleans''') was a French fort in colonial North America. It was the first fort on the Missouri River built by any Europeans on the Missouri River. It was built near the mouth of the Grand River near present-day Brunswick. The fort was occupied from 1723 to 1726. It was the first multi-year European settlement in what is today the U.S. state of Missouri.

## History
The fort was built on November 9, 1723. 40 French soldiers were supposed to be there.

## References
## Other websites
* Drawing c. 1745 of the fort 
* Kansas City Public Library Quarterly, Vol. IX, No. 3 (July 1909), p. 78
* "Plan for Fort Orleans" , Louisiana Digital Libraries
* Historic marker
Étienne de Veniard, Sieur de Bourgmont

* for several years during his early career.]] 
**Étienne de Veniard, Sieur de Bourgmont** (April 1679 – 1734) was a French explorer. He wrote about his travels on the Missouri and Platte rivers in North America. He made the first European maps of these areas in the early 18th century. He wrote two accounts of his travels, which included descriptions of the Native American tribes he encountered. In 1723, he built Fort Orleans, the first European fort on the Missouri River, near the mouth of the Grand River and present-day Brunswick, Missouri. In 1724, he led an expedition to the Great Plains of Kansas to create trading relations with the Padouca (Apache Indians).

## Other websites
* *Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture'' - Bourgmont, Etienne Veniard de
37th parallel north

The **37th parallel north** is a circle of latitude that is 37 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, Africa, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean.

At this latitude, the sun can be seen for 14&nbsp;hours, 42&nbsp;minutes during the summer solstice and 9&nbsp;hours, 37&nbsp;minutes during the winter solstice. This is about the northern limit of the visibility of Canopus, the second-brightest star of the night sky.

## Around the world
Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 37° north passes through:

:

## United States
In the United States, the parallel is the southern borders of Utah, Colorado, and Kansas, and the northern borders of Arizona, New Mexico, and Oklahoma. The border comes from the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854 when Congress divided Indian Territory into Kansas and Nebraska north of the 37th parallel. They gave the rest to the Indian Territory to the south.

## References
Sainte-Périne - Rossini - Chardon-Lagache Hospital

The **Hôpital Sainte-Périne - Rossini - Chardon-Lagache** is a well-known hospital in Paris. It was created in 1807. It is a partner of Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines.

## References 
## Further reading 
*   Hôpital Sainte-Périne - Rossini - Chardon-Lagache
40th parallel north

The **40th parallel north** is a circle of latitude that is 40 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean.

At this latitude, the sun can be seen for 15 hours, 1 minute during the summer solstice and 9 hours, 20 minutes during the winter solstice.

## Around the world
Starting in Spain at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 40° north passes through:

:

## United States
The parallel 40° north forms the boundary between the states of Kansas and Nebraska.  On 30 May 1854, the Kansas–Nebraska Act created the Territory of Kansas and the Territory of Nebraska divided by the parallel 40° north.

## References
Black Sunday (storm)

in northern Texas, April 14, 1935.]]
**Black Sunday** refers to a very bad dust storm that happened on April 14, 1935. The storm happened as part of the Dust Bowl. It was one of the worst dust storms in American history. It caused a lot of economic and agricultural damage. It is estimated to have moved 300 million tons of topsoil from the prairie area in the US.

## References
Thatching

]]
 (The Williams Arms) at Wrafton, North Devon, England]]
 roof in one of the few reconstructed buildings of Machu Picchu]]

**Thatching** is building a roof with dry vegetation such as straw, reeds, sedge (*Cladium mariscus*), rushes, heather, or palm branches. The vegetation is put on top of each other so as to make sure water stays away from the inner roof.

Thatch can occasionally catch fire. This is one reason for its replacement by slates in modern buildings. Ceramic slates for roofing can be made by industry, and have replaced natural slates in modern housing. Thatched rooves were once a source of fires, but slates are fireproof. That explains the gradual decline in thatched rooves.
Windshield

]]
The **windshield** (American English) or **windscreen** (Commonwealth English) is the front window of a vehicle. It lets drivers see out while at the same time protecting passengers and the driver from weather. Aircraft, cars, buses, motorbikes or trams can all have windshields. 

Windshields on cars and aircraft are designed to protect the vehicle against wind and flying debris (such as dust, rocks, and insects). Windshields on motorbikes are designed to shield the driver from wind, though it doesn't protect as much as other vehicle windshields do.

Modern windshields are generally made of laminated safety glass, a type of treated glass. The laminated safety glass used for vehicles is made of two curved sheets of glass with a plastic layer between them. This laminated safety glass is then joined into the window frame. 

Motorbike windshields are different to the ones found on cars or aircraft. Motorbike windshields are often made of high-impact polycarbonate or acrylic plastic.

## History
 Before laminated safety glass, vehicles used ordinary window glass as a windshield. However, ordinary window glass can shatter if the vehicle had a massive physical impact, which would produce flying sharp pieces of glass that can injure people. On 1917, Henry Ford developed the laminated safety glass from the French, which would help prevent broken glass from shattering. Modern windshields were developed from Ford's developments.

## Other websites
*
Ursins

**Ursins** is a municipality of the district Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites
Archaic period (North America)

In the classification of the archaeological cultures of North America, the **Archaic period** or **"Meso-Indian period"** in North America, starts from about 8000 BC, and it ends at about 1000 BC. In the sequence of North American pre-Columbian cultural stages, is a period defined by the *archaic stage* of cultural development.  
The Archaic stage is characterized by subsistence economies. These economies were supported through the use of nuts, seeds, and shellfish.

## Classifications
This classification system was first proposed by Gordon Willey and Philip Phillips in the widely accepted 1958 book *Method and Theory in American Archaeology*.
 
In the organization of the system, the Archaic period is after the Lithic stage. The Archaic period is before the Formative stage.
# The Lithic stage
# The Archaic stage
# The Formative stage
# The Classic stage
# The Post-Classic stage

## References
## More Reading
*
*
Cheseaux-sur-Lausanne

**Cheseaux-sur-Lausanne** is a municipality in Lausanne in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It is a suburb of Lausanne.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Lyle Yost

**Lyle E. Yost** (March 5, 1913 &ndash; April 5, 2012) was an American agriculture equipment manufacturer and inventor.

Yost was the designer and inventor of the 1947 unloading auger, the catalyst for the development of Hesston Manufacturing in Hesston, Kansas. The device was used to unload grain from farm combines.  The company's controlling stake was sold to Italian corporation Fiat Trattori in 1977. Fiat Trattori bought the rest of Hesston Manufacturing in 1987.  In 1991, a year after being created, AGCO Corporation bought the rights to Hesston Manufacturing.

Yost's success in the agriculture industry led to multiple awards and accolades. This included articles of his success in *Fortune* and *Forbes*.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Uncovering the Hesston Story: Lyle Yost  AGCO official website and blog