open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Great British Railways

**Great British Railways (GBR)** is a planned state-owned railway company that will oversee railways in Great Britain, most train services in England and fast services to Scotland and Wales. 
## History 
The railways of Great Britain were originally built by private companies, but after the Transport act 1947 it was nationalised and was run by British Railways until the railways become privatised, which begun in 1994 and finished in 1997. The rail infrastructure, passenger and freight services were separated at the time. 

In 2024, the Labour government of Keir Starmer announced that the railways would be re-nationalised. Passenger services will return to government ownership as their franchises expire. This began on 25 May 2025 with South Western Railway. Re-nationalised services will be run initially by DfT Operator and then be integrated into GBR when it is established.

## Branding 
GBR will use an updated version of the Double Arrow. It was originally designed in 1965 and used by British Rail and has since continued to feature as a unifying symbol on the railways since privatisation. 

In December 2025, the logo, brand and livery for GBR was unveiled by the government. All trains will use the same livery with no distinction between inter-city and commuter services. A gradual roll-out will begin from Spring 2026. 

## Constituent parts 
### Companies that will be integrated into GBR
* Network Rail – the owner and manager of the railway infrastructure.  
* DfT Operator – the government-owned holding company responsible for running nationalised train operators.
* Rail Delivery Group – an industry umbrella body which brings together passenger and freight rail companies. It also oversees the National Rail brand and its enquiries service. 
** The 14 franchised train operating companies (of which 7 are owned by the DfT Operator) will also be folded into GBR. 
* Office of Rail and Road (some functions) – GBR will assume some of the functions of the ORR including management of track access to third party operators. 
### Companies that will remain independent from GBR:
* ScotRail
* Transport for Wales Rail
* Open-access operators
* Locally devolved operators such as London Overground, Merseyrail and the Elizabeth Line.
## Notes 
## References
The Circle (Bon Jovi album)

***The Circle*** is the eleventh studio album by American hard rock band Bon Jovi and was released on November 10, 2009 through Island and Mercury Records. It topped the album charts in Canada, Germany, Japan, Switzerland and the United States. It went to number 2 in Austria and the United Kingdom, number 3 in Spain, number 4 in Australia and the Netherlands, number 5 in Portugal, number 6 in Finland, number 7 in Ireland and number 9 in Sweden and also peaked at number 20 in New Zealand.

## Track listing
Cyclone Mocha

**Cyclone Mocha** was a powerful and deadly tropical cyclone It killed almost 500 people in Myanmar and Bangladesh. It struck in mid-May 2023 with winds between 150–160 miles per hour.

One hundred people were missing after the storm.

## References
Lost Highway (Bon Jovi album)

***Lost Highway*** is the tenth studio album by American hard rock band Bon Jovi and was released on June 19, 2007 through Island and Mercury Records. It topped the album charts in Austria, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the United States. It went to number 2 in Australia, New Zealand, Spain and the United Kingdom and number 3 in Argentina, Finland and Hungary.

## Track listing
Vadim Pykhtin

**Vadim Yakovlevich Pykhtin** (February 7, 1938 - October 22, 1997) was a Belarusian engineer, doctor of technical sciences, and professor. Laureate of the State Prize of the USSR. Scientist and designer in the field of computer technology.  He was born on in the city of Bobrynets, Kirovohrad region.

Vadim Yakovlevich Pykhtin is a graduate of the Department of Computer Technology of MPEI. One of his teachers at the Institute was Academician SA Lebedev.

In 1961, after graduating, he began working at The Scientific Research Institute of Electronic Computers as a senior, leading engineer. Then as the head of the laboratory, the head of the department. He worked as deputy chief engineer.

He was the chief designer of computer processors "Minsk-23" and "Minsk-32".

In 1968, he won the Lenin Komsomol Prize in the field of science and technology for the creation of computers of the Minsk series. He was awarded the State Prize of the USSR in the field of science and technology in 1983 for the creation, organization of mass production, and introduction of computers, peripheral equipment, and computer systems into the national economy.

He worked as a professor at the Department of Information and Computing Systems (No. 210) of MVIZRU, MVVIU, and VA RB.

In the period from 1987 to 1988, he was the director of NIIEVM. In 1988, he became the Chief Designer and Scientific and Technical Director of the association BelNPOVT and NIIEVM. In 1992 he became director of NIIEVM. From 1994 to October 1997 he was the chief researcher of the institute.

He was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor and the Order of the October Revolution. He died on October 22, 1997.

## References
Like Phantoms, Forever

***Like Phantoms, Forever*** is a handmade CDR release of American rock band My Chemical Romance. It was created as a promotional CD to be handed out at a show in Rutland, VT at the Dana Recreation Center on September, 21st, 2002. Because there are only 100 copies, it is very hard to find. The EP (extended play) includes a cover of the song **Jack the Ripper** by the English singer Morrissey recorded at the American Legion in Cresskill, NJ on July 5th, 2002. 

Some copies were burned as data CDs with three WAV files instead of a standard audio CD. This was likely accidental. 

## Track listing 
# Vampires Will Never Hurt You – 5:28
# This Is The Best Day Ever – 2:14
# Jack The Ripper (live, Morrissey cover) – 4:02

## Personnel 
**My Chemical Romance**
* Gerard Way – vocals; artwork
* Ray Toro – guitars, backing vocals
* Mikey Way – bass guitar
* Matt Pelissier – drums

**Technicals**
*Geoff Rickly – producer 
* Starboy – design
* Spacey – recording, mixing (track 3)
* Ryan Ball – mastering
* John Naclerio – recording, mixing (tracks 1 and 2)
Ikutsuhikone

**Ikutsuhikone** (lit. Lively little lad,  **活津日子根命 (Kojiki**) **活津彦根命 (Nihon Shoki))** is a God of Japanese mythology. He is a son of Amaterasu. There are many stories about his birth from different books. In most stories he was born from Amaterasu’s jewels after being chewed and spit out by Susanoo.

Susanoo created five children from Amaterasu's jewels. He was the fourth child.

In some stories the jewels belonged to Susanoo so he is a son of Susanoo.

## References
What About Now (album)

***What About Now*** is the twelfth studio album by American hard rock band Bon Jovi and was released on March 8, 2013 through Island Records. It topped the album charts in Australia, Austria, Canada, Spain, Sweden and the United States. It went to number 2 in Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal and the United Kingdom and number 3 in Finland, Ireland and Switzerland.

## Track listing 
*All tracks produced by John Shanks. Co-produced by Jon Bon Jovi and Richie Sambora.

## References
Altai Krai

**Altai Krai** () is a federal subject of Russia (a krai). It borders clockwise from the west, Kazakhstan (East Kazakhstan Region and Pavlodar Region), Novosibirsk and Kemerovo Oblasts, and the Altai Republic. The administrative center is the city of Barnaul. As of the 2010 Census, 2,163,693 people lived in krai.

## References
Taku Forts

The Dagukou Fort was the first built in the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, under the supervision of Qi Jiguang, who was stationed in Tianjin Wei in his early years. In the 21st year of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty (1841), the Qing government built and maintained the Dagukou Fort. In the eighth year of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty (1858), it continued to be repaired and expanded. Three forts were added on the south bank, and two forts were added on the north bank. for the title. They were named 'wei', 'zhen', 'hai', 'men', 'gao'. So far, the Dagukou Fort has six large forts, twenty-five small forts, and sixty-four large and small cannons.

In 1988, the State Council of the People's Republic of China announced the Dagukou Fort Site as a national key cultural relic protection unit. In 2005, the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee.

## References
Wrap Her Up

"**Wrap Her Up**" is a 1985 song by Elton John. It was taken from his 19th studio album *Ice on Fire*. George Michael sang backing vocals. It had limited success worldwide. It went to number 12 in the United Kingdom, number 20 in the United States, number 22 in Australia and number 26 in Canada.
Tazi Habiba

**Tazi Habiba** (born 1979) is a Moroccan animal rights activist and the president of the Moroccan Association for the Defense and Protection of Domestic and Wild Animals.

## Early life and education 
Habiba was born in Rabat, where she spent her childhood. She studied at lycée Descartes High School, which was first represented on her stage and then to Rabat. By age 16 she was caring for cats both in her home and on the street.

## Career 
In 2004, Habiba founded the animal defense association *Assoadan* with her brother Ahmed. Together they cared for hundreds of dogs in the shelter in downtown Rabat. Habiba also turned her house into a refuge for dozens of cats, which she describes as her children.

In 2014, she became president of the Moroccan Association for the Defense and Protection of Domestic and Wild Animals.

In 2017, Assoadan signed an agreement with Rabat authorities to create programs to vaccinate street dogs and cats.

Its videos are in Moroccan dialect and *assoadan* maintains good relations with other Moroccan foundations, thus avoiding entering into conflicts or rivalry with them, which reinforces its notoriety in the Arab world.

## References
## Other websites
*alalam.ir
*9avril.ma
*snrtnews.com
*bladi.net
*ruptly.tv
Reelin' In the Years

"'''Reelin' In the Years'*" is a 1973 song by Steely Dan. It was taken from their debut studio album *Can't Buy a Thrill''. It went to number 11 in the United States, number 15 in Canada and number 62 in Australia. It did not chart in the United Kingdom and New Zealand.

## References
Theloderma phrynoderma

The **Burmese bug-eyed frog**, **Burmese warted tree frog**, or **Tenasserim warty tree frog** (*Theloderma phrynoderma*) is a frog.  It lives in Myanmar and Thailand.

This frog lives in forests with at least some evergreen trees in low places and on mountains. People have also seen this frog in bamboo forests. Scientists think it hatches out of its egg as a tadpole and not a small frog, but they are not sure. The female frog lays eggs in holes in trees that have water in them, in puddles on rocks, and other places where the water does not move.

People have seen this frog between 59 and 1400 meters above sea level. It lives in at least one protected park, Tanintharyi Nature Reserve, and they think it lives in other parks too.

Scientists say this frog is not in danger of dying out because it lives in a large place. People cut down the forests where it lives to make farms.

## References
Ain't Nothing Like the Real Thing

"'''Ain't Nothing Like the Real Thing'*" is a 1968 song by Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell. It was taken from their studio album *You're All I Need*. It went to number 8 in the United States, number 9 in Canada and number 34 in the United Kingdom.

## Donny & Marie version
In 1976, Donny Osmond and Marie Osmond released a cover version of *Ain't Nothing Like the Real Thing* for their 1976 album *New Season*. It went to number 21 in the United States and number 26 in Canada. Aretha Franklin released a version of the song in 1974 and won a Grammy Award. Elton John covered it for his album *Duets''.
Bog body

]]
A **bog body** is a human corpse that has naturally mummified in a peat bog. 

Usually, after death, the body decays, leaving only bones. Bog bodies are different because a bog's environment is acidic and lacks oxygen. This partially or fully preserves the body so that features like skin, fingernails, and hair are still present.

Most bog bodies have been found in Northern Europe. However, in the U.S. state of Florida, experts have found the preserved skeletons of ancient Native Americans. The oldest bog body ever discovered died around 8,000 BCE. In 1640 a bog body was discovered in 1640 at Schalkholz Fen in Holstein, Germany. The most recent bog bodies are almost 10,000 years younger: they come from the World War II era.

## Violence 
Many bog bodies show signs of being stabbed, beaten, hanged, strangled, beheaded, or a combination of these methods. In the case of the Osterby Man found in 1948 at Kohlmoor (near Osterby, Germany), the head had been deposited in the bog without its body.

## Noteworthy bog bodies 
Many bog bodies have been found and contribute to historians' understanding of past societies. The following list of noteworthy bog bodies and the information about them were taken from Encyclopedia Britannica.

### Tollund Man 
, Denmark, 4th century BC]]
Tollund Man has the best-preserved body of all bog bodies ever found. Only his arms and hands decayed to bone. The rest of his body is so well preserved that frown lines are visible on his forehead.

He was found in 1950 in Bjældskovdal bog, Denmark. Later, another bog body nicknamed Elling Woman was found just 200 feet away.

Tollund Man dates to the early Iron Age, around 280 BCE. He died around age 30 - 40 from hanging. Because his neck bones were not broken, experts know that he suffocated to death.

### Yde Girl 
Yde Girl died between 170 BCE and 230 CE. She died by strangulation around age 16; a woolen band still remains around her throat. She was also stabbed near her left collarbone. She had scoliosis and probably walked irregularly.

She was found in 1897 near the village of Yde, Drenthe, in the Netherlands.

### Weerdinge Couple (or Weerdinge Men) 
These are two bog bodies found together in 1904. The bodies were found on Bourtanger Moor in the Netherlands.

The smaller body was stabbed in the chest, and his intestines were protruding from the wound. Its arm lies under the bigger body, whose cause of death is unknown

Because of the position of these bodies, scholars first thought the two were a couple: male and female. However, since then, experts have found that both figures are men.

### Elling Woman 
This bog body was found in 1938 in Bjældskovdal bog near Silkeborg, Denmark. She died around 280 BCE, in the early Ice Age, at around 25 years old. Historians know she was hanged because she had clear marks around her neck. 

Twelve years after she was found, the Tollund Man was located just 200 feet away.

## References
Domino (2019 movie)

***Domino*** is a 2019 Belgian Danish Italian French Luxembourgian British American Spanish Dutch crime thriller movie directed by Brian De Palma and starring Nikolaj Coster-Waldau, Carice van Houten, Guy Pearce, Eriq Ebouaney, Paprika Steen, Thomas W. Gabrielsson, Mohammed Azaay.

## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* *Domino* at Box Office Mojo
Escape to Burma

***Escape to Burma*** is a 1955 American adventure drama movie directed by Allan Dwan was based on the short story *Bow Tamely to Me* by Kenneth Perkins. It stars Barbara Stanwyck, Robert Ryan, David Farrar, Robert Warwick, Murvyn Vye and Robert Cabal. It was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures.

## Other websites
*
Malibu (Miley Cyrus song)

"**Malibu**" is a 2017 song by Miley Cyrus and is the leading single from her sixth studio album *Younger Now*. It went to the top ten in Australia, Austria, Canada, the Czech Republic, Greece, Ireland, New Zealand, Norway, Scotland and the United States and missed the top 10 in the United Kingdom. It charted poorly in France where it made #85.

## Track listing
**Digital download**
# "Malibu" – 3:51
**Digital download – The Him Remix**
# "Malibu" (The Him Remix) – 3:38
**Digital download – Tiësto Remix**
# "Malibu" (Tiësto Remix) – 3:19
**Digital download – Lost Frequencies Remix**
# "Malibu" (Lost Frequencies Remix) – 3:20

**Digital download – Gigamesh Remix**
# "Malibu" (Gigamesh Remix) – 3:22
**Digital download – Dillon Francis Remix**
# "Malibu" (Dillon Francis Remix) – 3:41
**Digital download – Alan Walker Remix**
# "Malibu" (Alan Walker Remix) – 3:06

## References
Rock DJ

"**Rock DJ**" is a 2000 song by Robbie Williams and is the leading single from his third studio album ''Sing When You're Winning''. It topped the single charts in Costa Rica, Iceland, Ireland, New Zealand, Scotland and the United Kingdom and made the top 20 in Australia, Austria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, El Salvador, Finland, Germany, Guatemala, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Uruguay. The music video was infamously banned in New Zealand.

## Track listings
**UK CD and cassette single, Australian CD single**
# "Rock DJ" – 4:15
# "Talk to Me" – 3:28
# "Rock DJ" (Player One remix) – 5:34

**UK DVD single**
# "Rock DJ" (full length video)
# "Rock DJ" (a short documentary feature)

**European CD single**
# "Rock DJ" – 4:15
# "Talk to Me" – 3:28

**European maxi-CD single**
# "Rock DJ" – 4:15
# "Talk to Me" – 3:28
# "Rock DJ" (Player One remix) – 5:34
# "Rock DJ" (video)

## References
Better Man (Robbie Williams song)

"**Better Man**" is a 2000 song by Robbie Williams. It was taken from his third studio album ''Sing When You're Winning'' and was only released in Australia, New Zealand and Mexico. It went to number 4 in New Zealand and number 6 in Australia.

## Track listing
**Australian CD single**
# "Better Man" – 3:24
# "My Way" (live) – 4:35
# "Rolling Stone" – 3:43
# "Toxic" – 3:51
# "Let Love Be Your Energy" (video) – 4:18

## References
Peaches (The Stranglers song)

"**Peaches**" is a 1977 song by English rock band The Stranglers and is the second single from their debut studio album *Rattus Norvegicus*. It went to number 8 in the United Kingdom. It was banned by the BBC for using coarse sexual language and innuendo in the lyrics.

The single was re-issued, with "Go Buddy Go." It was a green vinyl with a new sleeve. This was for Record Store Day in 2014.

## Reception 
The critic Tom Maginnis wrote that Hugh Cornwell sings with "a lecherous sneer...spill[ing] into macho parody or even censor-baiting territory". 

"Peaches" was ranked at No. 18 among the top "Tracks of the Year" for 1977. This was by *NME.* "Peaches" was named as having the fourth-best bassline of all time in 2022. This was by *Guitar World*.

## Legacy
"Peaches" plays over the opening credits of Jonathan Glazer's 2000 film *Sexy Beast*.

## Personnel
*Hugh Cornwell – lead vocals, electric guitar
*Jet Black – drums
*Jean-Jacques Burnel – bass guitar, backing vocals
*Dave Greenfield – organ, synthesizer, backing vocals

## Charts
## References
## Other websites
*
Stinna Kaastrup

**Stinna Tange Kaastrup** (born 13 July 1994) is a Danish para-equestrian. She and her horse Horsebo Smarties won two bronze medals at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Let's Go Brandon

"'''Let's Go Brandon**" is a political slogan and Internet meme used as a substitute for "**Fuck Joe Biden'''". The phrase is used by critics and to make fun of Joe Biden, the 46th president of the United States.

## Background
The phrase began when people chanting "Fuck Joe Biden" began during sporting events in early September 2021. On October 2, 2021, during a televised interview with the Sparks 300 race winner Brandon Brown and NBC Sports reporter Kelli Stavast incorrectly described the chant in the background as "Let's Go Brandon".

The slogan has become well known through use by Republican politicians and critics of Biden.

While President Biden and First Lady Jill Biden were taking phone calls for NORAD's Santa tracker hotline on December 24, 2021, a caller ended his chat by saying, "Merry Christmas and let's go Brandon," to which President Biden smiled and responded, "Let's go Brandon, I agree."

## Dark Brandon
In mid-2022, a another meaning of the phrase, "Dark Brandon", became a meme by supporters of Biden. "Dark Brandon" initially was a meme created by online progressives to mock supporters of "Dark MAGA". 

Biden's 2024 re-election campaign has also used the meme, using a picture of "Dark Brandon" on their website's error message page. President Biden even mentioned "Dark Brandon" during the 2023 White House Correspondents Dinner.

## References
Angela Alsobrooks

**Angela Deneece Alsobrooks** (born February 23, 1971) is an American lawyer and politician serving as the junior U.S. senator from Maryland since 2025. Before becoming senator, she served as county executive of Prince George's County, Maryland from 2018 to 2024. She also served as the county's state's attorney from 2010 to 2018.

Alsobrooks ran for the U.S. Senate in 2024 to replace retiring Senator Ben Cardin. She defeatedformer Republican governor Larry Hogan in the general election. She became Maryland's first African-American senator and the third African-American woman elected as senator of any U.S. state. She is the second woman to represent Maryland in the Senate, after Barbara Mikulski.

## Notes
## References
Classification Office (New Zealand)

The Office of Film and Literature Classification (Māori: Te Mana Whakaatu), branded as the Classification Office, is an independent Crown entity responsible for censorship and classification of publications in New Zealand. This includes films, video games, books, magazines, CDs, T-shirts, street signs, jigsaw puzzles, drink cans, and slogans on campervans.

## References
Wireless clicker

A **wireless clicker ** or **wireless presenter**  is a remote control used to control a computer during a presentation, instead of a "mouse or the keyboard",. Usually it has a laser pointer inside to pintpoint parts of the screen. It is mainly used to show a computer presentation created with PowerPoint using a video projector and allows the presenter to move freely in front of the audience. 

An RF pointer-mouse consists of a transmitter similar to a remote control &#xAD;used in a Television set and a small receiver, usually connected to a USB port on the computer..  

## Included elements 
### USB memory and timer 
Among other additional elements there can be a built-in flash memory in the USB receiver, so that there is no need to plug in an additional flash drive to carry the presentation file. Some models include a vibration alarm, to notify the speaker when time is up

### Laser pointer 
Apart from the elements to control the presentation, the clicker transmitter often contains a laser pointer. A distinguishing feature among the models offered is the color of the laser. For presentations green laser is more visible than red laser.
## References 
## Bibliography 
*  

## Other websites 
*
Ingushetia

**Ingushetia** (; ; ), also spelled **Ingushetiya**, officially the **Republic of Ingushetia**, is a republic of Russia. It is in the North Caucasus region of Eurasia. The republic is in the North Caucasian Federal District. It borders the country of Georgia to the south, and the Russian federal subjects of North Ossetia–Alania to the west, Chechnya to the east, and Stavropol Krai to the north.

Its capital is the town of Magas. Its largest city is Nazran. At 3,600 square km, the republic has the smallest area of Russia's non-city federal subjects. It was made on June&nbsp;4, 1992. This was after the Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was split in two. The republic is home to the indigenous Ingush people. The 2021 Census said its population was estimated to be&nbsp;509,541.

Ingushetia is one of the poorest and most unstable regions of Russia. This is mostly because of the insurgency in the North Caucasus. The violence has slowed down in recent years. However, the insurgency in Chechnya has sometimes came over the border into Ingushetia. According to Human Rights Watch in 2008, the republic has lots of corruption, crime, anti-government protests, attacks on soldiers and officers, and low human rights.

## Etymology 
The name *Ingushetia* comes from the Russian name of the region's people (Ingush) and the Georgian suffix -éti. *Ingushetia* literally means "the place where the Ingush live". Other names like "Dzurdzuketi", "Kistetia", "Gligveti", "Gelia", "Galga", and "Ingushiya" have also been used for the region.

## Notes
## References
## Sources 
### Documents 
* 
* 
* 
### Literature 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## Other websites
*News from Ingushetia
*News and History of Ingushetia
*Official website of Ingushetia 
*Unofficial website of Ingushetia 
*Ingush Music/Video/Literature website  
*Magas, Ingush youth website  
*Head of Ingushetia's website 
*Ingushetia's Republic News Portal 
*Ingushetia Videos 
*National Project: People of Ingushetia
Theloderma truongsonense

The **Truong Son bug-eyed frog** (*Theloderma truongsonense*) is a frog.  It lives in Vietnam and Laos.  People have seen it between 300 and 1300 meters above sea level.

This frog lives in forests on mountains. People have seen them in streams on mountains.

The female frog lays 5-12 eggs at a time on leaves. People have seen the tadpoles swimming in water inside hollow tree trunks.

Scientists say this frog is not in danger of dying out because it lives in a large place. But it is in some danger because people cut down forests to build farms in the parts of Vietnam where the frog lives. They especially build farms from coffee, tea, and rubber. The frog's home has some protected parks in it: Bach Ma National Park, Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park, Hon Ba Nature Reserve, and Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve.

## First paper
*

## References
State of Hanover

The **State of Hanover** () was a state in the British Zone of Allied-occupied Germany. It was a state for 92 days as the Free State of Prussia was dissolved after World War II. The state came after the former Kingdom of Hanover. Its capital was Hanover. In 1946, Lower Saxony was made by  Hanover with Brunswick, Oldenburg and Schaumburg-Lippe.

## Geography 
The State of Hanover made up the territory of the old Prussian Province of Hanover without a few eastern parts that had become part of the Soviet occupation zone after World War II (Amt Neuhaus and the eastern part of Bleckede, Elbingerode and Ilfeld). It included 85% of today's Lower Saxony. Its capital and largest city was Hanover.

## History 
After the Second World War, the State of Hanover was made under Ordinance No. 46 of the British military government. Its first minister-president was the Social Democratic politician Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf.

On 23 November 1946 the British Military Government made the new state of Lower Saxony. It was made from the unification of the German states of Brunswick, Oldenburg and Schaumburg-Lippe with Hanover.

The eastern areas of Brunswick which had fallen to the Soviet zone, including the old County of Blankenburg and the exclave of Calvörde (part of the Helmstedt district) were not part of Lower Saxony and later made part of the East German state of Saxony-Anhalt. The former Hanoverian Soviet-occupied lands of Amt Neuhaus and the eastern parts of Bleckede were again made part of Lower Saxony after German reunification in 1990.

## Related articles 
* Hanover (city)
* Hanover Region
* Allied-occupied Germany

## Other websites 
* Wochenschau Film zur Wiederherstellung des Landes Hannover 1946
Unification

**Unification** or **unification theory** may refer to:

## Computer science 
* Unification (computer science), the act of identifying two terms with a suitable substitution
* Unification (graph theory), the computation of the most general graph that subsumes one or more argument graphs (if such a graph exists)
* Han unification, an orthographic issue dealt with by Unicode

## Physics 
* Unification (physics) of the observable fundamental phenomena of nature is one of the primary goals of physics
* Grand Unified Theory, a model in particle physics
* Unified field theory, a type of field theory

## Popular culture 
* *Unification* (album), a 1998 album by the band Iron Savior
* "Unification" (Star Trek: The Next Generation), a two-part episode of *Star Trek: The Next Generation*

## Sport 
* The act of producing an undisputed championship in boxing
* The act of producing an undisputed championship in professional wrestling

## Other uses 
* Semantic unification, in philosophy, linguistics, and computer science
* Unification Church or Movement, a spiritual movement founded in Korea
* Unification or re-unification of sovereign states, see political union

## Related pages 
* Unification Church
* Unionism (disambiguation)
* Unified (disambiguation)
Peace of Prague (1866)

The **Peace of Prague** () was a peace treaty signed by the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire at Prague on 23 August 1866. It ended the Austro-Prussian War along with a few related treaties between Prussia and the Austrian allies in central and southern Germany.

The treaty was  towards the Austrian Empire. This was because Otto von Bismarck had persuaded Wilhelm I that keeping Austria as powerful would be better in the future for Prussia than harsh terms. Bismarck  that without Austria, Prussia would be weakened against the rest of Europe. At first, Wilhelm I had wanted to go on to Vienna and annex Austria but Bismarck stopped him and even said he would resign or even throw himself out of the fourth-story window of Nikolsburg Castle. In the treaty, Austria lost Veneto to Italy. The Habsburgs were removed from German affairs (*Kleindeutschland*). The German Confederation was .

## References
John Galsworthy

**John Galsworthy**  (; 14 August 1867 – 31 January 1933) was an English novelist and playwright. He is best known for his trilogy of novels named *The Forsyte Saga*, and two later trilogies, *A Modern Comedy* and *End of the Chapter*. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1932.
Heroes' Day (Namibia)

'''Heroes' Day** is a national public holiday in Namibia. The United Nations names it **Namibia Day'''. It is celebrated every year on 26 August. The day is about the Namibian War of Independence which began on 26 August 1966 at Omugulugwombashe.

## References
Grace (Jeff Buckley song)

"**Grace**" is a 1994 debut single by Jeff Buckley and is the title track from his debut studio album *Grace*. It went to number 91 in Australia.

## Track listing
#"Grace" 
#"Tongue"
#"Kanga-Roo"
#"Grace"

## Track listing Australian single
#"Grace" 
#"Grace (live)"
#"Mojo Pin (live)"
#"Hallelujah (live)"

## References
Mister Johnson (movie)

***Mister Johnson*** is a 1990 American drama movie directed by Bruce Beresford and was based on the 1939 novel of the same name by Joyce Cary. It stars Pierce Brosnan, Edward Woodward, Nick Reding, Andrew Lancel, Maynard Eziashi, Beatie Edney, Denis Quilley and Hubert Ogunde. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Take the Money and Run (Steve Miller Band song)

"**Take the Money and Run**" is a 1976 song by Steve Miller Band. It was taken from their ninth studio album *Fly Like an Eagle*. It went to number 8 in Canada, number 11 in the United States, number 48 in Australia and number 57 in the United Kingdom. It was been covered by country singer Julian Austin in 2000.

## References
Sōja shrine

are all worshipped]]
A  is a kind of Shinto shrine where the *kami* of an area are all worshipped. The area can be as small as a manor or as large as a province. Some soja shrines are also ichinomiya.

When a new provincial governor was appointed he needed to visit all the kami of the province. Having all the kami at one soja shrine helped make this easier.

## List 
## Regional Soja Shrines 
These are notable smaller Soja shrines for regions smaller than provinces

* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* Nanba Shrine (may have historically been a provincal one)
* 
* 
* Hotaka Shrine
* 

## Related pages 
* List of Shinto shrines in Japan
* Ichinomiya

## Notes 
## References
Xbox Game Pass

**Xbox Game Pass** and **PC Game Pass** are video game subscription  services provided by Microsoft. It originally launched on June 1 2017 but people subscribed to Xbox Live Gold received priority and gained access to the service on May 24. Xbox Game Pass provides the subscription service for the Xbox One, Xbox Series S/X as well as iOS, iPadOS and Android using Xbox Cloud Gaming while PC Game Pass is available on PCs using Windows 10, Windows 11 or MacOS with support for Xbox Cloud Gaming.

## History 
The idea of what became Game Pass came from two areas. First was with Phil Spencer becoming the head of the xbox brand, replacing Don Mattrick following the troubled launch of the Xbox One. Mattrick positioned the Xbox One as an entertainment hub rather than a games console and certain design choices had to be changed following negative criticism of the positioning by consumers and the media. After Spencer took over the Xbox brand, he recognized the Xbox needed a better position as they planned for the next generation of the console, while giving the team more encourage with his new ideas, even if they were risky.

## References
Jonathan Davis

**Jonathan Howsmon Davis** (born January 18, 1971) is an American singer, songwriter, and music maker. He is also known as **JD** or **JDevil**. He is the singer for Korn. Korn is an American nu metal band. It is one of the first nu metal bands. Davis helped make Korn in 1993.

Davis has worked with many other music makers, such as Sepultura, Limp Bizkit, and Q-Tip. He has made many different types of music. Davis can play the guitar, drums, bagpipes, piano, clarinet, violin, and upright bass. He makes electronic music as JDevil.

## References
Clifford Olson

**Clifford Olson** (January 1, 1940 – September 30, 2011) was a Canadian serial killer. He killed at least 11 kids and teenagers in British Columbia, in the late 1970s. He was convicted of the crime, and from to he 1980s, he spent his life in prison. In the 1990s and 2000s, requests for parole were denied. Olson died of cancer in 2011.

## References
Punch line

A **punch line** ends a joke. It is used to make people laugh. A punch line can also be the funny ending of any other type of story. The term "punch line" was first used in the 1920s.

## References
Theloderma gordoni

The **large warted tree frog**, '''Gordon's bug-eyed frog**, or **Gordon's warty frog'* (*Theloderma gordoni'') is a frog.  It lives in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Myanmar.

This frog lives in forests on mountains where there is karst rock in the ground. People have seen this frog between 600 and 1500 meters above sea level.

The female frog lays eggs in holes in trees that have water in them and in pools of water in the karst rock.  This frog hatches out of its egg as a tadpole.

Scientists say this frog is not in danger of dying out soon, but it is in some danger. People change the places where the frog lives to get wood to build with and make farms, especially for plants to sell, for example coffee, tea, and rubber. People might catch this frog to sell as a pet.

This frog's home has protected parks in it, for example Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve, Ta Sua Nature Reserve, and Doi Suthep National Park.

## References
Leonard B. Stern

**Leonard B. Stern** was an author who died in 2011. He was the co-creator of the word game Mad Libs.

## Other websites 
* Leonard B. Stern at IMDb
Australian Federation Party

The **Australian Federation Party** was a small right-wing political party in Australia.

## History
### Australian Country Alliance
The **Australian Country Alliance** (or **ACA**) was a small political party in Victoria, Australia. It was started in 2004 as an alternative to the National Party in Victoria. In 2014, the Victoria branch of the Katter's Australian Party merged with the Country Alliance.

## References
Chevrolet Monza

The **Chevrolet Monza** is a small car sold by Chevrolet. It shared many parts with the Vega and replaced that car starting in 1978. It was  in 1980.

There would be rebranded versions of the same car, such as the Pontiac Sunbird, the Oldsmobile, and the Buick Skyhawk.

## References
David McCormack

**David Liam McCormack** (born October 25, 1968, in South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia) is an Australian musician and actor best known for being the frontman of the band **Custard** and for voicing Bandit Heeler in the Australian animated children's series *Bluey*.

## Other websites
*
Teal independents

In Australian politics, a **teal independent** (or **teal** for short) is an environmentalist but economically liberal independent politician. They are funded by the climate change advocacy group Climate 200, which was founded by Simon Holmes à Court. They are called "teals" because teal is a mix between blue (the colour of the conservative Liberal Party) and green (the colour of the environmental movement and the Greens).

While they existed throughout the 2010s in many parts of the country, they gained prominence in the 2020s. Before the 2022 federal election, only three teal independents held seats in Parliament, but after the election there were seven. The teal independents that were elected to the House of Representatives represent electorates in Sydney, Melbourne, Perth, Hobart and regional Victoria. Furthermore, one teal independent (former rugby union player David Pocock) was elected to the Senate for the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). Teal independents have also contested state elections in New South Wales and Victoria, but are less successful.

## References
Confederation of the Equator

The **Confederation of the Equator** () was a short-lived state established in the northeastern region of Brazil during that nation's struggle for independence from Portugal. The secessionist movement was led by wealthy landowners who opposed early reforms by the nation's first leader, Emperor Pedro I. Pernambuco and Ceará were the first of five Northeastern provinces to secede. 

## Background of conflict 
The Confederation ceased to exist after being crushed by Brazilian forces under Thomas Cochrane. 
The rebellion in the Northeast followed a similar uprising in Pernambuco only five years earlier. 
 
Before independence, North Brazil had been one of the two separate viceroyalties, Grão-Pará, besides the Viceroyalty of Brazil in the South. Pedro I combined the two into one Imperial State. However, the North was historically more averse to secession from Portugal and had fought to remain part of the Portuguese empire, before being defeated by Pedro I and being annexed. The Confederation was a second popular attempt.  
 
Both the secession of Brazil from Portugal and the suppression of the Loyalist Viceroyalty of the North were aided by Britain, militarily and with personnel, such as Thomas Cochrane, on loan to Pedro I, a Freemason and Anglophile.

## Aftermath
Pedro I sent troops to the Northeast to quell the rebellion, with all three provinces falling by September of that year. The state of Ceará managed to survive until November, and the last stronghold of the Confederation in the Sertão was the site of the final resisting leaders of the fallen nation.
 
Several rebels were condemned by a military tribunal to death. One notable execution was that of Frei Caneca an intellectual and religious mentor supporting the cause of the Confederation, in which some soldiers refused to fire. After briefly escaping, he was eventually executed in 1825.

## References
Electoral divisions of the Northern Territory

There are currently 25 electoral divisions of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly.

## List
## References
The Ignorance of Blood (movie)

***The Ignorance of Blood*** () is a 2014 Spanish thriller movie directed by Manuel Gómez Pereira and was based on the novel of the same name by Robert Wilson. It stars Juan Diego Botto, Paz Vega, Vladimir Cruz, Rocío Borrallo, Francesc Garrido and Alberto San Juan.

## Other websites
* 
*
Electoral districts of New South Wales

There are currently 93 electoral districts in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly. The most recent state election in New South Wales was held in 2023.

## List
## References
Electoral districts of Western Australia

There are currently 59 electoral districts in the Western Australian Legislative Assembly.

## List of electoral districts by electoral region
* Agricultural electoral region
** Central Wheatbelt
** Geraldton
** Moore
** Roe
* East Metropolitan electoral region
** Armadale
** Bassendean
** Belmont
** Darling Range
** Forrestfield
** Kalamunda
** Maylands
** Midland
** Mirrabooka
** Morley
** Mount Lawley
** Swan Hills
** Thornlie
** West Swan
* Mining and Pastoral electoral region
** Kalgoorlie
** Kimberley
** North West Central
** Pilbara
* North Metropolitan electoral region
** Balcatta
** Burns Beach
** Butler
** Carine
** Churchlands
** Cottesloe
** Hillarys
** Joondalup
** Kingsley
** Landsdale
** Nedlands
** Perth
** Scarborough
** Wanneroo
*South Metropolitan electoral region
** Baldivis
** Bateman
** Bicton
** Cannington
** Cockburn
** Fremantle
** Jandakot
** Kwinana
** Riverton
** Rockingham
** South Perth
** Southern River
** Victoria Park
** Warnbro
** Willagee
*South West electoral region
** Albany
** Bunbury
** Collie-Preston
** Dawesville
** Mandurah
** Murray-Wellington
** Vasse
** Warren-Blackwood

## References
Smoothie King

The **Smoothie King Franchises Inc** (better known as just the **Smoothie King**) is an American smoothie company. It was founded in Kenner, Louisiana in 1973.

The Smoothie King is privately owned by a South Korean franchisee from 2012 and after.

## References
Teréz Zsolnay

**Teréz Zsolnay**, married Mattyasovzky (21 March 1854 – 16 May 1944)  was a Hungarian applied artist in the medium of ceramics who worked for the Zsolnay Ceramic Factory, founded by her father Vilmos Zsolnay in Pécs, in 1868.

Along with her younger sister Julia and Ármin Klein, she was the most important artist of that factory during its rapid growth and worldwide success in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

## Life and art
Teréz based her artistic expression on Hungarian folk motifs, and for this purpose she collected more than 10,000 folk art objects. In her memoirs, she also mentions that in addition to collecting folk treasures from around Pécs, she also had the opportunity to study the most typical motifs of other parts of Hungary, thanks to the friendliness of the then director of the Hungarian National Museum, who made many objects available to her.

In addition, she closely followed trends in contemporary applied art, and in her memoirs she mentions the writings of Jacob von Falke, the director of the Museum of Applied Art in Vienna, who relied on the ideas of Gottfried Semper.

Moreover, together with her sister Julija, she visited the then-famous painter and applied artist Hans Makart in his Viennese studio.

Among the sources she used was Jost Amman's book with 122 woodcuts of women's clothing, published in 1586.

Her husband, Jakab Mattyasovzky, was a geologist who traveled across Hungary, and was of great help to his wife`s father Vilmos in finding the best clay deposits needed to make fine ceramics.

She largely devoted her life to her family, and at the age of 70, she began writing the *History of the Zsolnay Factory*, which she wrote in the form of memoires for over 20 years, on almost 2,500 pages of text.

She was already over 70 years old when she got involved in the work of the factory again, painting Egyptian, figural and geometric motifs on vases (the so-called Tutankhamun series).

She was buried, together with other family members, in the family mausoleum in Pécs.

## Literature
Romváry 1989 - Ferenc Romváry: Keramika Zsolnay, in: Keramika Zsolnay, exhibition catalogue, Zagreb, 1989., p. 16-22

Kovács 1989 - Orsolya Kovács: Ármin Klein, umjetnik - projektant tvornice Zsolnay (1855 - 1883), in: Keramika Zsolnay, exhibition catalogue, Zagreb, 1989., p. 33-37

## Footnotes
Silent Night (Bon Jovi song)

"**Silent Night**" is a 1985 song by American hard rock band Bon Jovi. It is the last single from their second studio album *7800° Fahrenheit*. It went to number 24 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart and did not chart on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.

## References
Lay Your Hands on Me

"**Lay Your Hands on Me**" is a 1989 song by American hard rock band Bon Jovi and is the fourth single from their fourth studio album *New Jersey* (1988). It went to number 7 in the United States, number 8 in New Zealand, number 16 in Switzerland, number 18 in the United Kingdom, number 23 in Australia and number 47 in the Netherlands.
1977–78 Austrian Cup

The **1977-78  Austrian Cup** was  Austria's nationwide football cup competition.  Austria/WAC were the defending champions.
## First round
First round with teams from the Second League.

 

## Round of 32
First round with teams from the first league.

 

## Round of 16
## Quarter-finals 
''

## Semi-finals 
## Final first leg
**VOEST Linz:**
Kurt Kaiserseder – Hans-Dieter Mirnegg, Alfred Gert, Gerhard Breitenberger, Reinhold Hintermaier, Norbert Ebster, Helmut Wartinger (50. Herwig Kircher), Walter Schoppitsch (30. Wilfried Ortner), Michael Lorenz, Maximilian Hagmayr, Wilhelm Pöllcoach:Felix Latzke

**SSW Innsbruck:**
Friedl Koncilia – Bruno Pezzey, Werner Kriess, Gerhard Forstinger, Robert Auer, Peter Koncilia, Peter Schwarz, Franz Oberacher, Werner Zanon (60. Manfred Braschler), Kurt Welzl, Josef Stering (46. Robert Hanschitz)
coach: Georg Keßler

## Final second leg
**SSW Innsbruck:**
Friedl Koncilia – Bruno Pezzey, Werner Kriess, Gerhard Forstinger, Robert Auer, Peter Schwarz, Johann Scharmann, Peter Koncilia, Kurt Welzl, Franz Oberacher, Manfred Braschler (84. Robert Hanschitz)
coach: Georg Keßler

**VOEST Linz:**
Erwin Fuchsbichler – Hans-Dieter Mirnegg, Herwig Kircher, Alfred Gert, Gerhard Breitenberger, Walter Schoppitsch, Wilfried Ortner, Norbert Ebster, Rudolf Seitz (55. Gerhard Ulmer), Michael Lorenz, Maximilian Hagmayrcoach:Felix Latzke

## Top scorer
## References
Electoral districts of Victoria

There are currently 88 electoral districts in the Victorian Legislative Assembly.

## List
### 2021 redistricting 
Due to the redistricting process that takes place every eight years, there were nine seats that were abolished and nine new seats.

#### Abolished 
* Altona
* Burwood
* Gembrook
* Buninyong
* Ferntree Gully
* Forest Hill
* Keysborough
* Mount Waverley
* Yuroke

#### New districts 
* Ashwood
* Berwick
* Eureka
* Glen Waverley
* Greenvale
* Kalkallo
* Laverton
* Pakenham
* Point Cook

## References
Taman Peninsula

The **Taman Peninsula** () is a peninsula in Krasnodar Krai, Russia. It borders the Sea of Azov to the north, the Kerch Strait to the west  and the Black Sea to the south. It was only recently created, as it was still just a few islands in ancient times. It has a mostly  coastline.

## References
Southern Russia

is in blue and the North Caucasian Federal District is in red).]]

**Southern Russia** (, *Yug Rossii*) is a region of European Russia. It is usually said to be made up of the Southern Federal District and the North Caucasian Federal District. Major regions in Southern Russia are the North Caucasus, Kuban, the Don, and Kalmykia.

The area of Southern Russia is made up of two of the nine federal districts of Russia which have 19 federal subjects in them, six of which are disputed with Ukraine since 2022:

*Southern Federal District:
** Republic of Adygea
** Astrakhan Oblast
** Republic of Crimea 
** Donetsk People's Republic
** Republic of Kalmykia
** Kherson Region
** Krasnodar Krai
** Luhansk People's Republic
** Rostov Oblast
** Sevastopol
** Volgograd Oblast
** Zaporozhye Region

*North Caucasian Federal District:
** Republic of Dagestan
** Republic of Ingushetia
** Kabardino-Balkar Republic
**  Karachay-Cherkess Republic
** Republic of North Ossetia-Alania
**  Stavropol Krai
** Chechen Republic

## Related articles 
* Federal districts of Russia
* Subdivisions of Russia

## References 
## Other websites 
* *ЯСНО* (*Clearly*), news portal
* Southru.ino, news portal
Elisabetta Gnone

**Elisabetta Gnone** (born 13 April 1965) is an Italian author. She wrote *W.I.T.C.H*. It is a fantasy series about girls with magical powers. She has also written *Fairy Oak*.

## References