March 3

## Events 
### Up to 1900 
* 1284 &ndash; The Statute of Rhuddlan incorporates the Principality of Wales into England.
* 1575 &ndash; Mughal Emperor Akbar the Great defeats a Bengali army at the Battle of Tukaroi.
* 1585 &ndash; The Olympic Theatre, designed by Andrea Palladio, is inaugurated in Vicenza, Italy.
* 1776 &ndash; American Revolutionary War: The first amphibious landing of the United States Marine Corps begins in the Battle of Nassau.
* 1779 &ndash; American Revolutionary War: The Continental Army is routed (heavily beaten) at the Battle of Brier Creek.
* 1788 &ndash; Europen settlement begins on Norfolk Island.
* 1799 &ndash; Russo-Ottoman Siege of Corfu ends with the surrender of the French garrison.
* 1820 &ndash; United States Congress passes the Missouri Compromise.
* 1836 &ndash; Texas declares independence from Mexico.
* 1845 &ndash; Florida becomes the 27th state of the United States.
* 1849 &ndash; The Minnesota Territory is created.
* 1857 &ndash; Second Opium War: France and the United Kingdom declare war on China.
* 1861 &ndash; Tsar Alexander II of Russia signs the Emancipation Manifesto, freeing the serfs.
* 1875 &ndash; Georges Bizet's opera *Carmen* receives its premiere at the Opéra-Comique in Paris.
* 1875 &ndash; The first–ever organised indoor ice hockey game is held in Montreal.
* 1878 &ndash; The Russo-Turkish War ends, as Bulgaria regains its independence from the Ottoman Empire.
* 1885 &ndash; The American Telephone and Telegraph Company is incorporated in New York.

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1904 &ndash; Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany becomes the first ruler to make a sound recording of a political document, using the phonograph cylinder.
* 1905 &ndash; Tsar Nicholas II of Russia agrees to create an elected assembly, the Duma.
* 1913 &ndash; Thousands of women march in a suffrage parade in Washington, DC.
* 1915 &ndash; NACA, the predecessor of NASA, is founded.
* 1918 &ndash; World War I: Germany, Austria and Russia sign the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, ending Russia's involvement in the war.
* 1923 &ndash; *TIME* magazine is first published.
* 1924 &ndash; End of the Ottoman caliphate.
* 1925 &ndash; The Mount Rushmore National Memorial is unveiled, having been created by Gutzon Borglum. Carved into rock are the faces of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln and Theodore Roosevelt.
* 1931 &ndash; The United States adopts "The Star-Spangled Banner" as the national anthem.
* 1933 &ndash; Ching Yun University is established.
* 1938 &ndash; Oil is discovered in Saudi Arabia.
* 1939 &ndash; Mahatma Gandhi begins a fast (a period without eating) in protest against autocratic rule in British colonial India.
* 1942 &ndash; World War II: Ten Japanese war planes raid the town of Broome in Western Australia, killing over 100 people.
* 1943 &ndash; World War II: In London, 173 people are killed in a crush while trying to enter the air-raid shelter at Bethnal Green tube station.
* 1945 &ndash; World War II: American and Filipino troops recapture Manila from Japanese forces.
* 1945 &ndash; A former Armia Krajowa unit massacres at least 150 Ukrainian civilians in Pawlokoma, Poland.
* 1945 &ndash; World War II: The Royal Air Force accidentally bombs the Bezuidenhout neighbourhood in The Hague, killing 511 people.
* 1953 &ndash; A Canadian Pacific Airlines Comet aircraft crashes in Karachi, Pakistan, killing 11 people.
* 1958 &ndash; Nuri as-Said becomes Prime Minister of Iraq for the 14th time.
* 1961 &ndash; Hassan II becomes King of Morocco.
* 1962 &ndash; The British Antarctic Territory is created.
* 1969 &ndash; Apollo program: NASA launches Apollo 9 to test the lunar module.
* 1973 &ndash; Wasington Convention is signed.
* 1974 &ndash; Turkish Airlines Flight 981 crashes at Ermenonville, near Paris, killing all 346 people on board.
* 1978 &ndash; The body of movie actor Charles Chaplin is stolen from his grave in Switzerland.
* 1985 &ndash; Arthur Scargill announces the decision by the National Mineworkers Union to end the longest–running industrial dispute in the United Kingdom without a peace agreement over pit closures.
* 1985 &ndash; A magnitude 8.3 earthquake strikes the Valparaiso region of Chile, killing 177 people.
* 1991 &ndash; Referendum votes in both Estonia and Latvia show overwhelming support for independence from the Soviet Union.
* 1991 &ndash; United Airlines Flight 585 crashes at Colorado Springs, Colorado, killing 25 people on board.
* 1991 &ndash; Rodney King is hit and kicked by the Los Angeles police, which leads to big riots.
* 1992 &ndash; Kyrgyzstan starts to use its current flag.
* 1992 &ndash; Alija Izetbegovic declares Bosnia and Herzegovina independent.
* 1996 &ndash; The Partido Popular wins the Spanish parliamentary election, leading to Jose Maria Aznar becoming Prime Minister.
* 1997 &ndash; The Sky Tower, the southern hemisphere's tallest free–standing structure at a height of 328 metres, opens in Auckland, New Zealand, following more than  years of building work.

### From 2001 
* 2002 &ndash; Switzerland votes to join the United Nations, breaking its long history of being neutral.
* 2002 &ndash; The Hindu Kush in Afghanistan is hit by a magnitude 7.4 earthquake, killing 166 people.
* 2005 &ndash; Steve Fossett becomes the first person to fly an airplane non–stop around the world without refuelling.
* 2009 &ndash; An armed attack targets the Sri Lanka national cricket team in Lahore, Pakistan.
* 2009 &ndash; The Historical Archives building in Cologne, Germany, collapses, killing 2 people. Many documents are either completely destroyed or badly damaged.

## Births 
### Up to 1900 
* 1455 &ndash; King John II of Portugal (d. 1495)
* 1500 &ndash; Reginald Pole, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1558)
* 1520 &ndash; Matthias Flacius, Croatian Protestant reformer (d. 1575)
* 1589 &ndash; Gisbertus Voetius, Dutch theologian (d. 1676)
* 1606 &ndash; Edmund Waller, English poet (d. 1687)
* 1652 &ndash; Thomas Ottway, English dramatist (d. 1685)
* 1678 &ndash; Madeleine de Vercheres, Canadian heroine (d. 1747)
* 1756 &ndash; William Goodwin, English writer (d. 1836)
* 1778 &ndash; Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen of Hanover (d. 1841)
* 1788 &ndash; William Carroll, 6th and 9th Governor of Tennessee (d. 1844)
* 1793 &ndash; Charles Sealsfield, Austrian–American journalist (d. 1864)
* 1800 &ndash; Heinrich Georg Bronn, German geologist (d. 1862)
* 1805 &ndash; Jonas Furrer, 1st President of the Swiss Confederation (d. 1861)
* 1816 &ndash; William James Blacklock, English painter (d. 1858)
* 1819 &ndash; Gustave de Molinari, Belgian economist (d. 1912)
* 1823 &ndash; Gyula Andrassy, Hungarian regent (d. 1890)
* 1831 &ndash; George Pullman, American inventor (d. 1897)
* 1838 &ndash; George William Hill, American astronomer and mathematician (d. 1914)
* 1839 &ndash; Jamsetji Tata, Indian industrialist (d. 1904)
* 1841 &ndash; John Murray, Scottish oceanographer (d. 1914)
* 1845 &ndash; Georg Cantor, German mathematician (d. 1918)
* 1847 &ndash; Alexander Graham Bell, Scottish inventor (d. 1922)
* 1860 &ndash; John Montgomery Ward, American baseball player (d. 1925)
* 1861 &ndash; Racho Petrov, Bulgarian general and politician (d. 1942)
* 1866 &ndash; Fred A. Busse, Mayor of Chicago (d. 1914)
* 1869 &ndash; Henry Wood, English conductor (d. 1944)
* 1869 &ndash; William M. Calder, United States Senator (d. 1945)
* 1871 &ndash; Maurice Garin, French cyclist (d. 1957)
* 1873 &ndash; William Green, American labor union leader (d. 1953)
* 1877 &ndash; Jon Thorlaksson, Prime Minister of Iceland (d. 1935)
* 1878 &ndash; Leopold Jessner, German producer and director (d. 1945)
* 1879 &ndash; Jozsef Klekl, Slovenian writer (d. 1936)
* 1880 &ndash; Yosuke Matsuoka, Japanese politician (d. 1946)
* 1880 &ndash; Florence Auer, American actress (d. 1962)
* 1882 &ndash; Charles Ponzi, Italian criminal, origin of the term Ponzi scheme (d. 1949)
* 1886 &ndash; Tore Orjasaeter, Norwegian poet (d. 1968)
* 1886 &ndash; Ezequiel Fernandez, 18th President of Panama (d. 1946)
* 1890 &ndash; Norman Bethune, Canadian doctor and humanitarian (d. 1939)
* 1891 &ndash; Damaskinos, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1949)
* 1891 &ndash; Arthur Drewry, British FIFA President (d. 1961)
* 1893 &ndash; Beatrice Wood, American artist and ceramicist (d. 1998)
* 1895 &ndash; Ragnar Frisch, Norwegian economist (d. 1973)

### 1901 &ndash; 1950 
* 1901 &ndash; Claude Choules, British World War I veteran and supercentenarian (d. 2011)
* 1903 &ndash; Vasily Kozlov, Soviet politician (d. 1987)
* 1905 &ndash; Marie Glory, French actress (d. 2009)
* 1906 &ndash; Artur Lundqvist, Swedish writer (d. 1991)
* 1911 &ndash; Jean Harlow, American actress (d. 1937)
* 1912 &ndash; Klaus Gysi, German politician (d. 1999)
* 1914 &ndash; Asger Jorn, Danish painter (d. 1973)
* 1916 &ndash; Paul Halmos, Hungarian–American mathematician (d. 2006)
* 1918 &ndash; Arthur Kornberg, American biochemist (d. 2007)
* 1918 &ndash; Peter O'Sullevan, British horse racing commentator (d. 2015)
* 1918 &ndash; Fritz Thiedemann, German equestrian (d. 2000)
* 1919 &ndash; Loki Schmidt, German environmentalist and wife of Helmut Schmidt (d. 2010)
* 1919 &ndash; Peter Abrahams, South African writer (d. 2017)
* 1920 &ndash; Ronald Searle, British cartoonist (d. 2011)
* 1920 &ndash; Julius Boros, American golfer (d. 1994)
* 1920 &ndash; James Doohan, Canadian actor (d. 2005)
* 1921 &ndash; Diana Barrymore, American actress (d. 1960)
* 1921 &ndash; Doc Paskowitz, American surfer and physician (d. 2014)
* 1922 &ndash; Nandor Hidegkuti, Hungarian footballer (d. 2002)
* 1923 &ndash; Doc Watson, American bluegrass musician (d. 2012)
* 1924 &ndash; Tomiichi Murayama, Prime Minister of Japan
* 1924 &ndash; Lys Assia, Swiss singer and actress (d. 2018)
* 1928 &ndash; Howell Evans, Welsh actor, comedian and singer (d. 2014)
* 1929 &ndash; Mithat Bayrak, Turkish wrestler (d. 2014)
* 1930 &ndash; Heiner Geissler, German politician (d. 2017)
* 1930 &ndash; Ion Iliescu, former President of Romania
* 1933 &ndash; Lee Radziwill, American fashion executive (d. 2019)
* 1933 &ndash; Alfredo Landa, Spanish actor (d. 2013)
* 1934 &ndash; Jimmy Garrison, American jazz musician (d. 1976)
* 1934 &ndash; Peter Brooke, Baron Brooke of Sutton Mandeville, English politician
* 1934 &ndash; Yasuo Takamori, Japanese footballer
* 1935 &ndash; Zhelyu Zhelev, former President of Bulgaria (d. 2015)
* 1935 &ndash; Michael Walzer, American philosopher
* 1935 &ndash; Malcolm Anderson, Australian tennis player
* 1937 &ndash; Tsukasa Hosaka, Japanese footballer (d. 2018)
* 1937 &ndash; Bobby Driscoll, American actor (d. 1968)
* 1938 &ndash; Bruno Bozzetti, Italian animator and movie director
* 1942 &ndash; Mike Pender, English singer and guitarist
* 1945 &ndash; Ronald Mallett, American theoretical physicist
* 1945 &ndash; George Miller, Australian director
* 1946 &ndash; John Virgo, English snooker player
* 1946 &ndash; James C. Adamson, American astronaut
* 1947 &ndash; Jennifer Warnes, American singer
* 1947 &ndash; Oscar Tabarez, Uruguayan football manager
* 1948 &ndash; Snowy White, British guitarist
* 1949 &ndash; Bonnie J. Dunbar, American engineer, academic and astronaut

### 1951 &ndash; 1975 
* 1951 &ndash; Tony Hall, British broadcasting executive, Director–General of the BBC
* 1953 &ndash; Zico, Brazilian footballer
* 1955 &ndash; Jorge Vergara, Mexican businessman
* 1955 &ndash; Darnell Williams, English–American actor
* 1956 &ndash; Zbigniew Boniek, Polish footballer
* 1958 &ndash; Miranda Richardson, British actress
* 1958 &ndash; Bob Bradley, American soccer coach
* 1958 &ndash; Marc Silvestri, American comic book artist
* 1960 &ndash; Neal Heaton, American baseball player and coach
* 1961 &ndash; Fatima Whitbread, British javelin thrower
* 1962 &ndash; Jackie Joyner-Kersee, American athlete
* 1965 &ndash; Dragen Skojtovic, Serbian Footballer
* 1966 &ndash; Fernando Colunga, Mexican actor
* 1966 &ndash; Timo Tolkki, Finnish musician
* 1967 &ndash; Alexander Volkov, Russian tennis player
* 1968 &ndash; Brian Cox, British physicist, television presenter and former musician
* 1968 &ndash; Brian Leetch, American ice hockey player
* 1970 &ndash; Inzamam ul-Haq, Pakistani cricketer
* 1970 &ndash; James Purnell, British politician
* 1970 &ndash; John Carter Cash, American country musician
* 1971 &ndash; Charlie Brooker, British comedian, writer and broadcaster
* 1971 &ndash; Christian Eigner, Austrian drummer and songwriter (Depeche Mode)
* 1972 &ndash; Darren Anderton, English footballer
* 1973 &ndash; Xavier Bettel, Prime Minister of Luxembourg
* 1973 &ndash; Olafur Darri Olafsson, Icelandic actor
* 1974 &ndash; David Faustino, American actor
* 1975 &ndash; Aleksandr Abdulkhalikov, Russian footballer
* 1975 &ndash; Aleksei Abdulkhalikov, Russian footballer

### From 1976 
* 1976 &ndash; Keit Pentus-Rosimannus, Estonian politician
* 1977 &ndash; Ronan Keating, Irish singer
* 1978 &ndash; Seo Moon-tak, South Korean singer
* 1979 &ndash; Albert Jorquera, Spanish footballer
* 1979 &ndash; Alex Zane, British comedian
* 1981 &ndash; Eugene, South Korean singer and actress
* 1981 &ndash; Lil' Flip, American rapper
* 1981 &ndash; Julius Malema, South African politician and leader of Economic Freedom Fighters
* 1981 &ndash; Emmanuel Pappoe, Ghanaian footballer
* 1982 &ndash; Jessica Biel, American actress
* 1983 &ndash; Ashley Hansen, Australian footballer
* 1984 &ndash; Alexander Semin, Russian ice hockey player
* 1985 &ndash; David Davies, Welsh swimmer
* 1986 &ndash; Mehmet Topal, Turkish footballer
* 1986 &ndash; Stacie Orrico, American singer
* 1987 &ndash; Jesus Padilla, Mexican footballer
* 1988 &ndash; Riccardo Bocchino, Italian rugby player
* 1988 &ndash; Bella Heathcote, Australian actress
* 1988 &ndash; Michael Morrison, English footballer
* 1989 &ndash; Erwin Mulder, Dutch footballer
* 1989 &ndash; Hayley Marie Norman, American actress, producer and screenwriter
* 1989 &ndash; Shuichi Gonda, Japanese footballer
* 1991 &ndash; Park Cho-rong, South Korean singer
* 1992 &ndash; Jordy Lucas, Australian actress
* 1994 &ndash; Umika Kawashima, Japanese actress
* 1995 &ndash; Maine Mendoza, Filipina internet and television personality
* 1997 &ndash; Camila Cabello, American singer

## Deaths 
### Up to 1900 
* 1033 &ndash; Cunigunde of Luxembourg, Holy Roman Empress (b. 960)
* 1111 &ndash; Bohemund I, Prince of Antioch
* 1239 &ndash; Vladimir III Rurikovich, Grand Prince of Kiev (b. 1187)
* 1554 &ndash; John Frederick, Elector of Saxony (b. 1503)
* 1605 &ndash; Pope Clement VIII (b. 1536)
* 1606 &ndash; Nyaungyan Min, King of Burma (b. 1557)
* 1703 &ndash; Robert Hooke, English scientist (b. 1635)
* 1706 &ndash; Johann Pachelbel, German composer (b. 1653)
* 1707 &ndash; Aurangzeb, Mughal Emperor (b. 1618)
* 1792 &ndash; Robert Adam, Scottish architect (b. 1728)
* 1824 &ndash; Giovanni Battista Viotti, Italian violinist and composer (b. 1755)
* 1869 &ndash; William Lanney (King Billy), the last full blood aborigine in Tasmania.
* 1899 &ndash; William P. Sprague, American politician (b. 1887)

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1901 &ndash; George Gilman, American businessman (b. 1826)
* 1920 &ndash; Theodor Philipsen, Danish painter (b. 1840)
* 1927 &ndash; Mikhail Artsybashev, Ukrainian writer and playwright (b. 1878)
* 1932 &ndash; Eugen d'Albert, German composer (b. 1864)
* 1932 &ndash; Joseph Mackey Brown, Governor of Georgia (b. 1851)
* 1942 &ndash; Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta, Italian governor and viceroy (b. 1898)
* 1945 &ndash; William M. Calder, United States Senator (b. 1869)
* 1953 &ndash; James J. Jeffries, American heavyweight boxer (b. 1875)
* 1959 &ndash; Lou Costello, American actor and comedian (d. 1906)
* 1961 &ndash; Paul Wittgenstein, Austrian–born pianist (b. 1887)
* 1966 &ndash; Joseph Fields, American playwright, director and producer (b. 1895)
* 1975 &ndash; Edward H. Griffith, American director (d. 1888)
* 1979 &ndash; Mustafa Barzani, Kurdish politician (b. 1903)
* 1983 &ndash; Hergé, Belgian comics creator (b. 1907)
* 1987 &ndash; Danny Kaye, American actor, singer and comedian (b. 1911)
* 1991 &ndash; William Penney, English mathematician (b. 1909)
* 1993 &ndash; Carlos Montoya, Spanish flamenco guitarist (b. 1903)
* 1993 &ndash; Albert Sabin, Polish–born medical researcher (b. 1906)
* 1995 &ndash; Howard Hunter, American religious leader (b. 1907)
* 1996 &ndash; Marguerite Durand, French writer (b. 1914)
* 1996 &ndash; John Krol, American cardinal (b. 1910)
* 1998 &ndash; Fred Friendly, American broadcast executive (b. 1915)
* 1999 &ndash; Gerhard Herzberg, German–born Canadian chemist (b. 1904)

### From 2001 
* 2002 &ndash; G. M. C. Balayogi, Indian lawyer and politician (b. 1951)
* 2003 &ndash; Horst Buchholz, German actor (b. 1933)
* 2005 &ndash; Rinus Michels, Dutch footballer and coach (b. 1928)
* 2008 &ndash; Giuseppe Di Stefano, Italian operatic tenor (b. 1921)
* 2010 &ndash; Keith Alexander, British footballer and coach (b. 1956)
* 2010 &ndash; Michael Foot, British politician (b. 1913)
* 2011 &ndash; Allan Louisy, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (b. 1914)
* 2012 &ndash; Ralph McQuarrie, American conceptual designer and illustrator (b. 1929)
* 2013 &ndash; Luis Cubilla, Uruguayan footballer (b. 1940)
* 2014 &ndash; William R. Pogue, American astronaut (b. 1930)
* 2015 &ndash; M. Stanton Evans, American journalist, writer and educator (b. 1934)
* 2015 &ndash; Lynn Borden, American actress (b. 1937)
* 2015 &ndash; Ernest Braun, Austrian–British academic and writer (b. 1925)
* 2016 &ndash; Martin Crowe, New Zealand cricketer (b. 1962)
* 2016 &ndash; Ashok Ghosh, Indian politician (b. 1921)
* 2016 &ndash; Thanat Khoman, Thai politician (b. 1914)
* 2016 &ndash; Natalia Krachkovskaya, Russian actress (b. 1938)
* 2016 &ndash; Sophie Dessus, French politician (b. 1955)
* 2016 &ndash; Hayabusa, Japanese professional wrestler (b. 1968)
* 2017 &ndash; Raymond Kopa, French footballer (b. 1931)
* 2017 &ndash; Misha Mengelberg, Dutch jazz pianist and composer (b. 1935)
* 2017 &ndash; Tommy Page, American singer-songwriter (b. 1970)
* 2017 &ndash; René Préval, President of Haiti (b. 1943)
* 2017 &ndash; Anne Kristin Sydnes, Norwegian politician (b. 1956)
* 2018 &ndash; Vanessa Goodwin, Australian politician (b. 1969)
* 2018 &ndash; Roger Bannister, English athlete and neurologist (b. 1929)
* 2018 &ndash; David Ogden Stiers, American actor (b. 1942)
* 2018 &ndash; Lin Hu, Chinese air force general (b. 1927)
* 2018 &ndash; Yvon Taillandier, French artist (b. 1926)
* 2018 &ndash; Derek Saunders, English footballer (b. 1928)
* 2018 &ndash; Billy Herrington, American pornographic actor (b. 1969)
* 2018 &ndash; Jorge Wagensberg Lubinski, Spanish physicist, academic and writer (b. 1948)
* 2018 &ndash; Franz Pacher, Austrian engineer (b. 1919)
* 2019 &ndash; Peter Hurford, British organist and composer (b. 1930)
* 2023 &ndash; Kenzaburō Ōe, Japanese writer (b. 1935)

## Observances 
* Hinamatsuri (Girls' Day) in Japan
* Liberation Day (Bulgaria)
* Mother's Day (Georgia)
* Sportsmen's Day (Egypt)
* Martyrs' Day (Malawi)
* World Wildlife Day