open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Acasta Gneiss

]]
)]]

The **Acasta Gneiss** is the oldest rock in the world. It is in the Slave craton in Northwest Territories, Canada. 

The rock body is exposed on an island about 300 kilometres north of Yellowknife. The rock of the outcrop was metamorphosed 3.58 to 4.031 billion (109) years ago. It is the oldest known intact crustal fragment on Earth.

The nearby Acasta River east of Great Bear Lake gave the rock its name. It is the oldest known exposed rock in the world.

The rock, before it was metamorphized, was a granitoid that formed 4.03 billion years ago. This age is based on radiometric dating of zircon crystals at 4.031x109 years. The Acasta Gneiss is important in establishing the early history of the continental crust. 

## References
Council for Mutual Economic Assistance

The **Council for Mutual Economic Assistance** (**COMECON**) was an economic organization from 1949 to 1991 under the leadership of the Soviet Union that consisted of Eastern Bloc countries along with other socialist states all over the world.

Comecon was set up to stop countries in the Soviet sphere of influence from moving towards that of the capitalist United States and the West. Comecon was how the Eastern Bloc responded to the Marshall Plan of the United States.

## References
Nika Melia

**Nikanor "Nika" Melia** (born 21 December 1979) is a Georgian politician. He was a member of Parliament of Georgia from 2016 to 2019. He is also a member of parliament of Georgia from United National Movement since December 2020. He holds a master's degree in International Relations from Oxford Brookes University.

## References
## Other websites
*
Grand Union Canal

]]
 at Westbourne Park, London]]
]]

The **Grand Union Canal** in England is part of the British canal system. Its main line starts in London and ends in Birmingham. It is  with 166 locks. It has arms to places including Leicester, Slough, Aylesbury, Wendover and Northampton.

The Grand Union Canal was also the original name for what now generally referred to as the Old Grand Union Canal to avoid ambiguity.

## References
Untriseptium

**Untriseptium** (), also called **eka-dubnium** or element 137, is a possible chemical element which has not been synthesized. Due to instabilities, it is not known if this element is possible, as the instabilities may hint that the periodic table ends soon after the island of stability at unbihexium. Its atomic number is 137 and symbol is Uts.

The name *untriseptium* is a temporary name.

## Importance 
It is sometimes called **feynmanium** (symbol Fy) because Richard Feynman noted that a simplistic interpretation of the relativistic Dirac equation runs into problems with electron orbitals at *Z* > 1/α = 137, suggesting that neutral atoms cannot exist beyond untriseptium, and that a periodic table of elements based on electron orbitals breaks down at this point. However, a more thorough analysis calculates the limit to be around element 173.

## Electronically unstable  1s orbit 
**Untriseptium** has a theoretically impossible electron velocity for the 1s orbital's electrons. This is because when this speed calculated by the formula stated by Bohr's model returns a speed higher than the speed of light and hence is theoretically unviable leading a another reason why it is believed to be the end of the periodic table.

## Related pages 
* Dubnium
* Atomic orbital
* Untrioctium
* Unennunium

## References
Aleksandr Nazarchuk

**Aleksandr Nazarchuk** (6 August 1939 – 1 February 2021) was a Russian politician. He was Minister of Agriculture from 1994 to 1996. He also was Chairman of the Altai Krai Legislative Assembly.

## References
Héctor Epalza Quintero

**Héctor Epalza Quintero** (4 June 1940 &ndash; 2 February 2021) was a Colombian Roman Catholic bishop. Epalza Quintero was born in Bogota, Colombia. He became a priest in 1965. He was bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Buenaventura, Colombia from 2004 until 2017.

Epalza Quintero died on 2 February 2021 in Buenaventura, Columbia at the age of 80.

## References
Fausta Morganti

**Fausta Simona Morganti** (20 August 1944 – 2 February 2021) was a Sammarinese politician. She was one of the two Captains Regent of San Marino. Morganti was elected for the six-months term from 1 April 2005 to 1 October 2005, with Cesare Gasperoni. Morganti was a member of the Party of Democrats.

She died of COVID-19 in San Marino on 2 February 2021, aged 76.

## References
Frank Baude

**Frank Torvald Baude** (6 July 1936 – 4 February 2021) was a Swedish politician and bricklayer. He was chairman of the Communist Party Marxist-Leninists (the revolutionaries) from 1970 to 1998. He was born in Gothenburg, Sweden.

Baude died in Gothenburg from a heart attack on 4 February 2021, aged 84.

## References
Captain Kidd (1945 movie)

***Captain Kidd*** is a 1945 American adventure movie directed by Rowland V. Lee and starring Charles Laughton, Randolph Scott, Barbara Britton, John Carradine, Gilbert Roland, John Qualen, Sheldon Leonard, William Farnum, Henry Daniell, Reginald Owen. It was distributed by United Artists and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1946.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
French hood

wearing a French hood.]]
A **French hood** is a type of hat or headdress.  Women in Europe wore it in the 1500s.  It had a stiff, crescent-shaped frame that fit over the head like a headband.  The front and back sides of the frame had pearls, beads or other decoration on them.  The headband was attached to pieces of cloth called lappets that either covered the back of the head and most of the wearer's hair or were flipped forward onto the head.

Anne Boleyn, the second wife of Henry VIII, was one of the first people in the English court to wear French hoods.

## In popular culture
In her novel *The Other Boleyn Girl*, Philippa Gregory has Anne Boleyn and her friends wearing French hoods and Jane Seymour and her friends wearing gabled hoods.
	  	
## References
Samuel Vestey, 3rd Baron Vestey

**Samuel George Armstrong Vestey, 3rd Baron Vestey**,  (19 March 1941 – February 2021) was a British peer, landowner, and businessman. Lord Vestey was Master of the Horse to The Queen. He was Chairman of the Vestey Holdings.

Vestey was appointed as a permanent Lord-in-waiting to The Queen in August 2019.

His death was announced on 4 February 2021, aged 79.

## References
You're the Best Thing That Ever Happened to Me

"'''You're the Best Thing That Ever Happened To Me**" — also known simply as "**Best Thing That Ever Happened To Me'*" — is a song written by Jim Weatherly. It was produced by Don Law. It was first recorded in 1973 by Ray Price from his album *You're the Best Thing That Ever Happened To Me''. 

Many singers recorded their own versions of the song such as: Gladys Knight, Dean Martin, Steve Lawrence and Andy Williams.

## Charts
## References
Jim Weatherly

**James Dexter Weatherly** (March 17, 1943February 3, 2021) was an American singer-songwriter. He wrote mostly pop and country music. His best-known song is "Midnight Train to Georgia", recorded by Gladys Knight & the Pips.  It peaked to number 1 on the pop and R&B charts, and went on to win a Grammy Award.

He also wrote "Neither One of Us (Wants to Be the First to Say Goodbye)" and "Best Thing That Ever Happened to Me".

He played quarterback at the University of Mississippi.

Weatherly died on February 3, 2021, at his home in Brentwood, Tennessee at the age of 77.

## References
Patrick Lebon

**Patrick Lebon** (2 January 1940 – 3 February 2021) was a Belgian movie director and screenwriter. He was born in Antwerp, Belgium. His career began in 1965 with the movie *Huuh huuh*. He also directed *Salut en de kost*, ''*, *Zaman*, and *''. Many of his movies are thought to be the best Belgian movies of all time.

Lebon died on 3 February 2021 in Antwerp, aged 81.

## References
Abdoul Aziz Mbaye

**Abdoul Aziz Mbaye** (18 October 1954 – 3 February 2021) was a Senegalese politician. He was Chief of Staff for President Macky Sall. He was appointed Minister of Culture on 29 October 2012. He was born in Dakar, French West Africa.

Mbaye died of COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Senegal on 3 February 2021, at the age of 66.

## References
Pong Sarasin

**Pong Sarasin** (Thai:  พงส์ สารสิน; 16 July 1927 – 3 February 2021) was a Thai businessman and politician. He was a member of Major General Chatichai Choonhavan and Prem Tinsulanonda's cabinet. He was acting Deputy Prime Minister from 1986 to 1990.

Sarasin died on 3 February 2021 in Bangkok, aged 93.

## References
Jean-Daniel Simon

**Jean-Daniel Simon** (30 November 1942 – 3 February 2021) was a French movie director, screenwriter and actor. He directed eight movies between 1968 and 1985. He was known for his movies *Vice and Virtue* (1963), *Love at Sea* (1964), *Adélaïde* (1968) and *Camp de Thiaroye* (1988). Simon was born in Salon-de-Provence, Bouches-du-Rhône, France.

Simon died on 3 February 2021 in Paris, aged 78.

## References
## Other websites
*
Albán Vermes

**Albán Vermes** (19 June 1957 – 3 February 2021) was a Hungarian swimmer. He participated at the 1980 Summer Olympics, winning a silver medal in 200 metre breaststroke. He was born in Eger, Hungary.

Vermes died on 3 February 2021, aged 63.

## References
Wayne Terwilliger

**Willard Wayne Terwilliger** (June 27, 1925 – February 3, 2021), nicknamed "**Twig**", was an American professional baseball second baseman. He played nine seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) between 1949 and 1960. He played for the Chicago Cubs, Brooklyn Dodgers, Washington Senators, New York Giants, and Kansas City Athletics. Terwilliger was born in Clare, Michigan.

Terwilliger died on February 3, 2021 in Weatherford, Texas from problems caused by dementia and bladder cancer, aged 95.

## References
Kris De Bruyne

**Kristiaan “Kris” De Bruyne** (20 March 1950 – 3 February 2021) was a Belgian singer-songwriter and guitarist. He was born in Antwerp, Belgium. His best known songs are "Amsterdam", "Vilvoorde City", "Lydia d'Ile Dieu", "Het Varken van de Hoge Venen", "Waar ik voor leef", "Lieve Jacoba", "Ballerina's", "De peulschil", and "De onverbiddelijke zoener".

De Bruyne died on 3 February 2021 in Antwerp, aged 70.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Haya Harareet

**Haya Harareet** () (20 September 1931 – 3 February 2021) was an Israeli actress. She was best known for playing Esther, Charlton Heston's love interest in the 1959 movie *Ben Hur*. Harareet was born in Haifa, Mandatory Palestine (present-day Israel). Her career lasted from 1955 to 1974.

Harareet died on 3 February 2021 in Marlow, Buckinghamshire at the age of 89.

## References
## Other websites
*
Tony Trabert

**Marion Anthony Trabert** (August 16, 1930 – February 3, 2021) was an American amateur World No. 1 tennis player and commentator. He was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. He won the French Open in 1954 and 1955, the Australian Open in 1955 the Wimbledon Championships in 1955, and the US Open in 1953, 1954 and 1955.

Trabert died on February 3, 2021 at his home in Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida at the age of 90.

## References
Robert A. Altman

**Robert Alan Altman** (February 23, 1947 – February 4, 2021) was an American business executive and lawyer. He was the co-founder, chairman, and CEO of ZeniMax Media. He worked as a lawyer in Washington, D.C. Altman also was on the Advisory Board of The George Washington University Law School.

From 1984 until his death, Altman was married to actress Lynda Carter. They had two children.

Altman died on February 4, 2021 at a hospital in Baltimore, Maryland from leukemia, aged 73.

## References
Hichem Mechichi

**Hichem Mechichi** (; born January 1974) is a Tunisian politician. On 2 September 2020, he became the Prime Minister of Tunisia. He was the Minister of the Interior from February to September 2020.

## References
María Alejandra Muñoz

**María Alejandra Muñoz Seminario** (born 18 September 1979) is an Ecuadorian politician and lawyer. She was the Vice President of Ecuador from 2020 until 2021. She is the third female to hold this position, after Rosalía Arteaga and Maria Alejandra Vicuña.

On July 17, 2020, Muñoz was elected as vice president by the National Assembly, after receiving 75 votes in favor of her election. She was sworn in on July 22, 2020.

## References
Margreth Weivers

**Margreth Weivers** (24 July 1926 &ndash; 3 February 2021) was a Swedish actress. She appeared in more than 100 movies and television shows. Her career began in 1943. She was born in Stockholm, Sweden. 

Weivers was known for her roles in *A Swedish Love Story* (1970), *The Man from Majorca* (1984), *Det är långt till New York* (1988), *Lotta på Bråkmakargatan* (1992), *Spring of Joy* (1993), *Lotta flyttar hemifrån* (1993), *Glasblåsarns barn* (1998), *En häxa i familjen* (2000), *Jönssonligan spelar högt* (2000) and *The Dog Hotel* (2000).

Weivers died on 3 February 2021 in Stockholm, aged 94.

## References
## Other websites
*
Upper mantle

The upper mantle extends from the crust to a depth of about 410 kilometers (255 miles). The upper mantle is mostly solid, but its more malleableregions contribute to tectonic activity. 

Two parts of the upper mantle are often recognizedas distinct regions in Earth’s interior: the lithosphereand the asthenosphere.

*Lithosphere*

The lithosphere is the solid, outer part of Earth, extending to a depth of about 100 kilometers (62 miles). The lithosphere includes both the crust and the brittle upper portion of the mantle. The lithosphere is both the coolest and the most rigidof Earth’s layers. 

The most well-known feature associated with Earth’s lithosphere is tectonic activity. Tectonic activity describes the interaction of the huge slabsof lithosphere called tectonic plates. The lithosphere is divided into 15 major tectonic plates: the North American, Caribbean, South American, Scotia, Antarctic, Eurasian, Arabian, African, Indian, Philippine, Australian, Pacific, Juan de Fuca, Cocos, and Nazca. 

The division in the lithosphere between the crust and the mantle is called the Mohorovicic discontinuity, or simply the Moho. The Moho does not exist at a uniform depth, because not all regions of Earth are equally balanced in isostatic equilibrium. Isostasy describes the physical, chemical, and mechanical differences that allow the crust to “float” on the sometimes more malleable mantle. The Moho is found at about eight kilometers (five miles) beneath the ocean and about 32 kilometers (20 miles) beneath continents. 

Different types of rocks distinguish lithospheric crust and mantle. Lithospheric crust is characterizedby gneiss (continental crust) and gabbro (oceanic crust). Below the Moho, the mantle is characterized by peridotite, a rock mostly made up of the minerals olivine and pyroxene.

*Asthenosphere*

The asthenosphere is the denser, weaker layer beneath the lithospheric mantle. It lies between about 100 kilometers (62 miles) and 410 kilometers (255 miles) beneath Earth’s surface. The temperature and pressure of the asthenosphere are so high that rocks soften and partly melt, becoming semi-molten. 

The asthenosphere is much more ductile than either the lithosphere or lower mantle. Ductility measures a solid material’s ability to deform or stretch under stress. The asthenosphere is generally more viscous than the lithosphere, and the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) is the point where geologists and rheologists—scientists who study the flow of matter—mark the difference in ductility between the two layers of the upper mantle. 

The very slow motion of lithospheric plates “floating” on the asthenosphere is the cause of plate tectonics, a process associated with continental drift, earthquakes, the formation of mountains, and volcanoes. In fact, the lava that erupts from volcanic fissures is actually the asthenosphere itself, melted into magma. 

Of course, tectonic plates are not really floating, because the asthenosphere is not liquid. Tectonic plates are only unstable at their boundaries and hot spots.  

## References
National Geographic
David Harvey

**David W. Harvey**  (born 31 October 1935) is a British-born Marxist economic geographer. He is a professor of anthropology and geography at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY). He is known for his support of the idea of the right to the city.

In 2007, Harvey was listed as the 18th most-cited author of books in the humanities and social sciences in that year.

## References
D. N. Jha

**Dwijendra Narayan Jha** (died 4 February 2021) was an Indian historian of ancient and medieval India. He was a professor of history at Delhi University. He was a member of the Indian Council of Historical Research. He was a known critic of against Hindu nationalist ideology. 

Jha died on 4 February 2021, at age 81.

## References
Adelaide João

**Adelaide João** (born **Maria da Glória Pereira da Silva**; 27 July 1921 &ndash; 3 February 2021) was a Portuguese actress. She was Lisbon, Portugal. Her career began in 1960. She starred in *The End of the World*, which was shown at the 1993 Cannes Film Festival.

João died on 3 February 2021 from COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal in Lisbon, aged 99.

## References
## Other websites
*
David Shepard (politician)

**David A. Shepard** (October 6, 1947 – February 4, 2021) was an American Democratic politician. He was a member of the Tennessee House of Representatives from 2001 to 2017. In November 2018, Shepard was elected Dickson County Commissioner. He was born in Centerville, Tennessee.

Shepard died on February 4, 2021 in Charlotte, Tennessee at the age of 73.

## References
Centerville, Tennessee

**Centerville** is a town in Hickman County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 3,532 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat, and the only incorporated city or town in Hickman County.

## References
Arizona House of Representatives

The **Arizona State House of Representatives** is the lower house of the Arizona Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Arizona. The upper house is the Senate. The House convenes in the legislative chambers at the Arizona State Capitol in Phoenix. Its members are elected to two-year terms, with a term limit of four consecutive terms (eight years). Each of Arizona's 30 legislative districts elect two state house representatives and one state senator, with each district having a population of at least 203,000.

The last election occurred on November 5, 2024. The Republican Party secured a majority in the State House.

The upper house is the Senate.  Its members are elected to two-year terms with a term limit of four terms (eight years). Members of the Republican Party currently hold a narrow majority in the House.

## References 
## Notes 
## Other websites
*Official **Arizona House of Representatives** website
*
*Arizona State Legislature website
Stellar black hole

A **stellar black hole** (or stellar-mass black hole) is a type of black hole formed by the gravitational collapse of a star.

For one to be made, a star five to several tens the mass of our Sun must explode into a supernova.

The process is seen as a hypernova explosion, or as a gamma ray burst. These black holes are also called **collapsars**.

## References
Putin's Palace (movie)

'''''Putin's palace. History of world's largest bribe''''' is a 2021 Russian documentary movie made by the Anti-Corruption Foundation (FBK). The documentary is about the building of "Putin's Palace".

Putin said that he did not own the palace. He said that this palace was created for foreign services and was built for scenery. He said that the movie is a fake.

## References
Bullion

**Bullion** (from the French word for "boiling") refers to coins, jewellery and bars made of a precious metal such as gold or silver, that are bought and stored simply as an investment in the prices of the metal(s) they are made of. Although precious metal bullion is no longer used to make coins for general circulation, it continues to be held as an investment with a reputation for stability in periods of economic uncertainty.

Unlike numismatic coins, a bullion coin is a coin, new or old, that is bought only for the price of the metal it is made of, not for its condition, age or any other value, british gold sovereigns are a common historic bullion coin, and most countries produce a coin meant solely for bullion purposes in different weights, e.g american silver eagle.

Bullion can also be in the form of bars of precious metal in different weights (and thus sizes) bars can easily be stacked and are easier to sort then coins as only the weight needs to be taken into consideration.

It may also be jewellery such as neck chains, pocket watch cases and pendants.

Typical bullion metals include:
* Silver
* Gold
* Platinum
* Palladium

Due to it's relatively small size and high value, bullion is often stolen in robberies and burglaries, as a result it is mainly stored in safes, some people who invest in bullion may choose to pay to have it stored in a safe deposit box at a local bank, rather than a safe in their own home.

"Stacking" is an informal term for the act of collecting bullion.

Low value bullion is sometimes carried in a pocket or worn as jewellery.

## References 
## Related pages 
*Gold coin
*Ingot
Texas's 13th congressional district

'''Texas's 13th congressional district''' is a congressional district from the state of Texas. The district is made up of most of the Texas Panhandle. The cities in the district are Amarillo, Gainesville and Wichita Falls. The 13th district is bigger than thirteen states. The district elects a representative to represent the district in the United States House of Representatives. The district is currently represented by Republican Ronny Jackson. The district votes for Republicans almost every election. 

## Election history
## References
Arizona Senate

The **Arizona Senate** is part of the Arizona Legislature, the state legislature of the US state of Arizona. The Senate is made up of 30 members. Members serve two-year terms with term limits that limit Senators to four terms for a total of eight years. Members of the Republican Party are currently the majority in the Senate.

## Other websites
* Official **Arizona State Senate** website
* Billhop – Arizona legislative wiki
Incendiary Blonde

***Incendiary Blonde*** is a 1945 American biographical musical drama movie directed by George Marshall and starring Betty Hutton, Arturo de Córdova, Charlie Ruggles, Barry Fitzgerald, Albert Dekker, Bill Goodwin, Eduardo Ciannelli. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1946.

## Other websites
* 
*  
*
Hitchhike to Happiness

***Hitchhike to Happiness*** is a 1945 American musical movie directed by Joseph Santley and starring Al Pearce, Dale Evans, William Frawley, Jerome Cowan, Willie Trenk, Arlene Harris, Joyce Compton, Irving Bacon. It was distributed by Republic Pictures and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1946.

## Other websites
* 
*
*
Government crest of Japan

The **Government crest of Japan**, also known as the **5–7 paulownia** (五七桐, go-shichi (no) kiri), **paulownia crest** (桐紋, kirimon) or the **paulownia flower crests** (桐花紋, tōkamon) is one of Japan’s national symbols.  It looks like a flowering plant called a paulownia.  The prime minister, government and Cabinet of Japan use it as their mon, or crest. The 5-7 paulownia is one of the many paulownia crests. 

In the past, the paulownia crest originally was the private symbol of the Japanese Imperial Family, from as early as the sixteenth century. The Toyotomi clan, led by Toyotomi Hideyoshi, later adopted it as their family crest. After the Meiji Restoration, the crest was eventually adopted as the symbol of the Japanese government, by whom it is now mainly used by. 

The symbol can be contrasted to the chrysanthemum crest, which represents the emperor and members of the Imperial Family.

## Related pages 
* State Seal of Japan
2021 Russian protests

The **2021 Russian protests** are a series of street protests in support of Alexei Navalny. They were caused by his locking up and the release of Alexei Navalny's film Putin's palace. History of world's largest bribe. They began on 23 January 2021. They are taking place in Russia. People are taking themselves on the streets in support of the Russian people in other countries too.
## References
Anloo

**Anloo** is a small village in the municipality of Aa en Hunze, province of Drenthe, the Netherlands.

As of 2020, about 450 people lived in the village.

Anloo also was a municipality until 1998.

## References 
* Plaatsengids
Lokman Slim

**Lokman Mohsen Slim** (; 17 July 1962 – 4 February 2021) was a Lebanese publisher and independent social and political activist. He was a commentator on Lebanese and Middle East politics. He was a well known critic of the Hezbollah.

## Death
On the night of 3 February 2021, during the lockdown, Lokman was returning alone in his rented car to Beirut, after visiting a friend in the village of Niha, Tyre District, and was not traceable in the next hours. Later, Slim's car was discovered in a remote area between the villages of Addousiyeh and Tafahta in southern al Zahrani district, Sidon District, where he was found shot to death in his car in southern Lebanon on the next day of morning. He was 58 years old.

## References
Guest in the House

***Guest in the House*** (re-release title ***Satan in Skirts***) is a 1944 American thriller movie directed by John Brahm and was based on the play of the same name. It stars Anne Baxter, Ralph Bellamy, Aline MacMahon, Ruth Warrick, Marie McDonald, Jerome Cowan, Percy Kilbride and was distributed by United Artists. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1946.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
G. I. Honeymoon

***G. I. Honeymoon*** is a 1945 American comedy movie directed by Phil Karlson and starring Gale Storm, Peter Cookson, Arline Judge, Frank Jenks, Jerome Cowan. It was distributed by Monogram Pictures and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1946.

## Other websites
*
*
Guest Wife

***Guest Wife*** is a 1945 American comedy movie directed by Sam Wood and starring Claudette Colbert, Don Ameche, Dick Foran, Charles Dingle, Irving Bacon. It was distributed by United Artists and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1946.

## Other websites
*
*
*
South Carolina's 7th congressional district

'''South Carolina's 7th congressional district''' is a congressional district in the state of South Carolina. The district was created in 1803 but was removed in 1933. The district was then created again in 2013. The district includes the counties of Chesterfield, Dillon, Georgetown, Horry, Marlboro, Darlington, and Marion and parts of Florence county. The current representative for the district is Republican Russell Fry.

## Election history
## References
Hylarana malayana

The **Malaya stream frog**, **Malay woodfrog**, or **Malayan dark-side frog** (*Hylarana malayana*) is a frog from Myanmar and India.

Scientists think this might be related to *Sylvirana nigrovittata*.

The scientists who wrote the first paper about this frog named it *malayana* because it is the only frog in its group that lives in Peninsular Malaysia.

## References
Opekta

**Opekta** was a European pectin and spice company that existed between 1928 and 1995.  Anne Frank's father worked for it. It became popular and renamed to Anne Frank House as the Legacy of Anne Frank grows, and her book *The Diary of a Young Girl*.
Flame of Barbary Coast

***Flame of Barbary Coast*** is a 1945 American western movie directed by Joseph Kane and starring John Wayne, Ann Dvorak, Joseph Schildkraut, William Frawley, Virginia Grey, Russell Hicks, Jack Norton, Paul Fix. It was distributed by Republic Pictures and was nominated for 2 Academy Awards in 1946.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Origin of water on Earth

The **origin of water on Earth** is only barely known. All life on Earth needs water, and most types of life started in the sea. Earth is the only planet known with liquid water on its surface. The water on Earth may have come from the Solar System as it formed, or it may have formed on Earth. Both are possible. We do know that hydrogen and oxygen, the elements that constitute water come from stars. Oxygen is created through fusion of helium and carbon atoms inside the core of red giants.

Earth is in the habitable zone, it is not so far from the Sun that all water freezes, and not so close to the Sun that all water evaporates. This is why liquid water, important for all life, still exists on the surface of Earth. 

A long time ago, scientists thought that water on Earth did not come from the planet’s region of the protoplanetary disk. Instead, it was thought water must have been delivered to Earth from the outer Solar System later in its history. However, recent research suggests that hydrogen inside the Earth played a role in the formation of the ocean.

One problem that hasn't been solved is that the noble gas isotope ratios of Earth's atmosphere are different than those of its mantle. This might mean they were created from different sources.

## References
117th United States Congress

The **117th United States Congress** was the 117th legislative cycle for the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It started on January 3, 2021, as a result of the 2020 United States Senate elections, 2020 United States House of Representatives elections and the 2020 United States presidential election. The 117th Congress ended on January 3, 2023, while the 118th United States Congress began that same day. The Democratic Party controlled the Senate and the House of Representatives. In the Senate there are 50 Democratic senators and 50 Republican senators. Vice President of the United States, Kamala Harris only votes when it is a tie. She votes for the Democrats. In the House of Representatives, the Democrats have 221 people and the Republicans have 211.

## Party breakdown
### Senate
### House of Representatives
## Leadership
### Senate
#### President of the Senate
The President of the Senate is Kamala Harris. (D)

#### Senate President Pro Tempore
The President Pro Tempore of the Senate is Patrick Leahy. (D)

#### Senate Majority Leader
The Senate Majority Leader is Chuck Schumer. (D)

#### Senate Minority Leader
The Senate Minority Leader is Mitch McConnell. (R)

#### Senate Majority Whip
The Senate Majority Whip is Dick Durbin. (D)

#### Senate Minority Whip
The Senate Minority Whip is John Thune. (R)

### House
#### Speaker
The Speaker of the United States House of Representatives is Nancy Pelosi. (D)

#### Majority Leader
The House Majority Leader is Steny Hoyer. (D)

#### Minority Leader
The House Minority Leader is Kevin McCarthy. (R)

#### Majority Whip
The House Majority Whip is Jim Clyburn.

#### Minority Whip
The House Minority Whip is Steve Scalise. (R)

## Notes
## References
Putin's Palace

"'''Putin's Palace**" (), is also known as the **Residence at Cape Idokopas'''. 

It is a palace on the Black Sea coast near Gelendzhik, Krasnodar Krai, Russia. Sergei Kolesnikov and the Anti-Corruption Foundation (FBK), led by Alexei Navalny, said the palace was built for President Vladimir Putin.

On 30 January 2021, Arkady Rotenberg said he owned the palace. Rotenberg said that he wanted the residence to be an apartment hotel.

## Location 
The house is on Cape Idokopas, near Praskoveevka.

## References
Musa

**Musa** may refer to:

* *Musa* (genus), one of three genera in the family Musaceae that includes bananas and plantains
* Musa, in the story "The City of Brass" in *The Book of One Thousand and One Nights*
* Musa, one of the main characters in *Winx Club*
Illinois's 7th congressional district

**Illinois 7th congressional district** is a congressional district in the state of Illinois. The district covers the towns and cities of Bellwood, Chicago, Forest Park, Oak Park, Maywood, and Westchester. The district elects a representative to represent the district is the United States House of Representatives. The district is currently represented by Democrat Danny K. Davis who has represented the district since January 1997. The 16th President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln used to represent this district from 1847 to 1849.

## Election history
## References
Philosophical zombie

A **philosophical** **zombie** is a hypothetical person without qualia. Qualia is the experiences and sensations that someone feels inside. For example, if a philosophical zombie was poked by a sharp object, they would not feel pain but react as if they did. They would not have any thoughts or emotions but they act as if they do. Philosophical zombies are used as thought experiments in philosophy of mind and philosophy of perception.  

## Related pages 
* Causality
* Consciousness
* Sentience

## References 
## Other websites 
* Online papers on philosophical zombies, by various authors, compiled by David Chalmers.
* Field Guide to the Philosophy of Mind 
* Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). "Zombies". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
Viola Amherd

**Viola Amherd** (born 7 June 1962) is a Swiss politician and the President of Switzerland in 2024. She is a Member of the Swiss Federal Council since 2019. She is also a member of the Christian Democratic People's Party.

## References
Rochechouart crater

The **Rochechouart crater** is a place in France where a meteorite, a rock from outer space, hit the surface of the Earth, leaving a crater. The meteorite hit came during the Jurassic or Triassic period. Rochechouart is between the Haute-Vienne and the Charente.

The last four estimates (since 2010) are converging toward an age between 203 and 207 million years, in the Rhaetian, two to five million years older than the TriassicJurassic boundary.

Some scientists think that the Rochechouart crater is part of a group of five craters that happened at about the same time.  They think a large meteor or comet broke into pieces and many of the pieces hit the Earth.

## References
Tobacco smoking

**Tobacco smoking** or **cigarette smoking** is when a person breathes in and breathes out smoke from a cigarette, cigar, or pipe after igniting it using a lighter. Smoking is harmful to the lungs, and can cause many diseases such as cancer, pneumonia, and many other breathing problems. When a user smokes, the chemicals from inside the cigarette damage the body, including the smoke, making the person more likely to get certain diseases.

In public areas such as arenas or police stations, smoking is usually not allowed. This is because the smoke from the cigarette goes into the air, and can be breathed in by other people. This is called second-hand smoke. Signs have to be placed in public areas to stop people from smoking while there. If a man was smoking while walking near a police station and he did not listen to the sign, he would have questions asked to him or be arrested by police. 

Smoking can cause heart attacks, if continued for years of using tobacco or any other powders used for smoking, including marijuana. Smoking marijuana can cause mental, as well as physical health problems, such as schizophrenia, depression, mood swings and many others. If a smoker continues smoking for years, or even decades, their health will worsen. 

Smoking can cause coughing, or inflammation (swelling) of the throat or lungs. The alveoli are air sacs via which breathing happens, but they will become badly damaged. Once breathed in, the tobacco smoke travels down the trachea and enters the lungs. When entering the body, the smoke would damage the cilia, which are millions of small hairs that push away mucus when it enters the body. If the lungs become even more damaged, smokers may not be able to breathe on their own, and they will be put on a device to help them breathe such as a ventilator. In some cases, smoking causes the lining of the lungs to become inflamed, making the smoker unable to breathe, which leads to death. This is the main problem caused by smoking. Also, chewing tobacco or snuff can cause mouth cancer or other mouth problems.

## Related pages
*Passive smoking
*Smokeless tobacco
Khamba Thoibi Jagoi

**Khamba Thoibi Jagoi** () is a classical dance form, originated from the Ancient Moirang kingdom of Manipur. It is a duet of male and female partners, dedicated to Lord Thangjing, the presiding deity of Ancient Moirang. the United Kingdom, among others.

## Related pages
* Leima Jagoi

## References
## Other websites
* http://www.e-pao.net/epGallery.asp?id=5&src=Arts_Dances/Manipuri_Dance_Gallery/KhambaThoibi201112
* https://steemit.com/photography/@kissormeetei/khamba-thoibi-dance-india-original-photos
* http://www.manipurtourism.gov.in/art-culture/
Valdoule

**Valdoule** is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department. The municipality was created on 1 July 2017 and consists of the former communes of Bruis (the seat), Montmorin and Sainte-Marie.

## References
Sainte-Marie, Hautes-Alpes

**Sainte-Marie** is a former commune in the Hautes-Alpes department. On 1 July 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Valdoule.

## References
Hurricane Ethel (1960)

**Hurricane Ethel** was one of two major hurricanes in the 1960 Atlantic hurricane season. The sixth known tropical cyclone, fifth named storm, and fourth hurricane of the season, Ethel was created from a disturbance in the Gulf of Mexico on September 14.

## References
All the Prime Minister's Men

'''''All the Prime Minister's Men''''' is a 2021 English language investigative documentary on Bangladesh published by the Qatar-based international media Al Jazeera, alleging corruption against powerful people of the authority of Bangladesh. The documentary focuses on the past and present activities of the Bangladesh Army Chief Aziz Ahmed's family members and alleges various forms of corruption. The name of the documentary has been taken from the name of the 1974's ''All the President's Men'', a book based on investigative journalism that revealed the Watergate scandal of America's President Richard Nixon in 1972.

## References
## Other websites 
*  
*
Abominable (2019 movie)

***Abominable*** (known as: Everest) is a computer animated movie made by DreamWorks Amimation and Pearl Studio. It stars the voices of Chloe Bennet, Albert Tsai, Tenzing Norgay Trainor, Eddie Izzard, Sarah Paulson, Tsai Chin and Michelle Wong.

The story is about a girl named Yi who lives in an apartment in Shanghai and is best friends with a yeti she names Everest. Everest becomes separated with his family, so Yi embarks an adventure with her human friends Jin and Peng to take Everest back home before he gets captured by 2 villains, a wealthy man named Burnish and a poacher named Dr. Zara.

Abominable was the first DreamWorks original animated movie to be distributed by Universal Pictures following NBCUniversal's acquisition of the studio. The previous DreamWorks Animation movie How to Train Your Dragon: The Hidden World was the first sequel to be distributed by Universal Pictures and was the first DreamWorks Animation movie to do so overall.

## References
Dendropsophus

***Dendropsophus*** is a genus of frogs in the family Hylidae. They live in Central and South America, from southern Mexico to northern Argentina and Uruguay. They are sometimes called **Fitzinger neotropical treefrogs** or **yellow treefrogs** Some of the frogs that had been in *Hyla* were moved to *Dendropsophus* if they had 30 chromosomes.

## References 
## Other websites 
*  [web application]. 2008. Berkeley, California: *Dendropsophus*. AmphibiaWeb, available at http://amphibiaweb.org/. (Accessed: Apr 28, 2008).
Chanousse

**Chanousse** is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department.

## Population 
## Transport 
### Road 
The D949 road passes through the commune.

## References
Samaton

**Samaton** (/saa-ma-ton/) or **Samadon** (/saa-ma-don/) is a mythical winged divine horse in Meitei mythology. He is one of the most recognised creatures in Meitei folklore. Legend says that Samaton is the ancestor of the present day Manipuri pony (Meitei horse). The song was sung in the Manipur Polo International 2014. It was also sung at the Sangai festival in the same year.

## In heraldry 

File:In manipur3.gif
File:In-29manipur.png

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* http://imh.org/exhibits/online/breeds-of-the-world/asia/manipuri-pony/
Golden Earrings

***Golden Earrings*** is a 1947 American romantic spy drama movie directed by Mitchell Leisen and is based on the novel of the same name by Jolán Földes. It stars Ray Milland, Marlene Dietrich, Murvyn Vye, Bruce Lester, Dennis Hoey, Quentin Reynolds and was distributed by Paramount Pictures.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*
Maasbracht

**Maasbracht** used to be a municipality in the Dutch province of Limburg. Since 2007, it has been part of the new municipality of Maasgouw. 

Football player Mark van Bommel was born here.
Alpens

**Alpens** is a municipality in the Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain.

It has an area of 13.81 km² and a population of 269 people.
Vic

**Vic** is a municipality of 47,179 people (2021). It is in the province of Barcelona in the autonomous community of Catalonia in Spain.
RDS

**RDS** can mean:
*Radio Data System - A system used to send digital data over FM radio signals.
*RDS Group - A Ukrainian road construction company.
*Royal Dutch Shell - A British-Dutch oil and gas company.
*Rate-determining step- The slowest step in a chemical reaction.
Netra News

**Netra News** is an investigative and public interest journalism website in Sweden. It reports on Bangladesh. Tasneem Khalil, started the website on December 26, 2019. Khalil is an exiled Bangladeshi journalist living in Sweden.

It was blocked by authorities in Bangladesh within 72 hours of its inception.

## History 
*Netra News* gets money from the National Endowment for Democracy, a non-governmental and non-profit organization funded by the U.S. government. 

It is a project under Bangladesh Media Network. The BMN board members are Kerstin Brunnberg (president), a prominent Swedish journalist, Australian academic Bina D’Costa (secretary), and Dan Morrison (treasurer), an American journalist.

## References
Debevoise & Plimpton

**Debevoise & Plimpton LLP** (often shortened to **Debevoise**) is a global law firm based in New York City. Founded in 1931 by Harvard Law School alumnus Eli Whitney Debevoise and Oxford-trained William Stevenson, Debevoise specializes in strategic and private equity, M&A, insurance and financial services transactions, private funds, complex litigation, investigations, and international arbitration.

## References
David Bergman

**David Bergman** (born  1965) is a British human rights activist and investigative journalist based in Bangladesh, who worked at the *New Age*, a Bangladesh national newspaper. He is known for his reportage on war crimes committed during the Bangladesh Liberation War. An investigative documentary on the subject he worked as a reporter and researcher for British television in 1995 won an award. He was convicted of contempt by Bangladesh's special war crimes tribunal in 2015 for contradicting the official death toll figures of the war.

## Career
David Bergman is an investigative journalist and previously worked for the UK's Twenty Twenty. He has formerly worked at several Bangladeshi newspapers, including *Dhaka Tribune*, *The Daily Star*, *Bdnews24.com*, and *New Age*. In addition to writing for Bangladeshi papers, Bergman has contributed to *Foreign Policy* and *The Economist*. His coverage of the International War Crimes Tribunal appeared in *The Independent* newspaper.

Between 1999 and 2009, Bergman headed the human rights organisation Centre for Corporate Accountability and advocated for legal reforms on work-related deaths.

## Personal life
David Bergman is the son of Alan Bergman, a dentist from Hadley Wood, in north London. He holds degrees in both politics and law and his law degree is from the University of Birmingham.

Bergman is married to Bangladeshi lawyer and writer Sara Hossain, who is the co-editor of *Honor: Crimes, Paradigms and Violence Against Women*. His father-in-law is Dr. Kamal Hossain, who has been the president of the Gano Forum political party in Bangladesh since he founded it in 1992.

## References
## Other website
* Bangladesh War Crimes Tribunal (blog)
* Tehelkatv Channel, Interview: "David Bergman on the politicisation of Shahbagh protests"
* Twitter account
Tasneem Khalil

**Tasneem Khalil** is an exiled Bangladeshi journalist. He is Editor in chief of Netra News. He previously worked for *The Daily Star* and was a stringer for CNN and a consultant for Human Rights Watch. During the 2006–2008 Bangladesh emergency, he was detained on 11 May 2007 and tortured while in the custody of Bangladesh's intelligence service. Khalil currently lives in Örebro, Sweden, where he is publisher and editor of *Independent World Report*, a world news magazine focused on human rights issues.

## References 
## Other website 
* Tasneem Khalil 
* About Independent World Report 
* Bangladesh interrogation centre where Britons were taken to be tortured *The Guardian* (17 January 2011)
Juan Carlos Alvarado

**Juan Carlos Alvarado** (born December 28, 1964) is a famous Christian pop singer and pastor known for his songs such as *Jehová es mi guerrero*, *Cristo no está muerto* and *No basta.*  He is located in the same praise movement of the 80's, along with Marcos Witt, Marco Barrientos, Jaime Murrell and others.

## Career 
In 1987, Alvarado recorded his first album, *Digno De Alabar* with the group Palabra En Acción. In 1993, Alvarado recorded his first solo album entitled *Aviva El Fuego*. A year later, Alvarado recorded "Lion Of Juda" in Spanish under Word Records, an American label. After the production of *Aviva El Fuego*, Hosanna! Music and CanZion Productions both worked with Alvarado to produce *Glorifícate* and *Tu Palabra* consecutively in 1993. In 1995, Alvarado released *Hoy Más Que Ayer*. More recent releases include *Fuego En Vivo* and *Tu Palabra Cantaré*.

## Discography
### With Palabra En Acción 
* *Digno De Alabar* (1987)
* *Jehová Es Mi Guerrero* (1988)
* *Glorificad A Jehová* (1989)
* *Santo Es El Señor* (1990)
* *Más Que Vencedor* (1991)

### Solo 
* *Aviva El Fuego* (1993)
* *Tu Palabra* (1993)
* *Glorifícate* (1993)
* *León De Judá* (1994)
* *Hoy Más Que Ayer* (1995)
* *Colección 1* (1998)
* *Nunca Digas Nunca* (1999)
* *Lo Mejor De Juan Carlos Alvarado En Palabra En Acción* (2000)
* *Vivo Para Cristo* (2001)
* *Fiesta* (2004)
* *Lo Mejor De Juan Carlos Alvarado En Palabra En Acción ll* (2006)
* *Fuego* (2006)
* *Tu Palabra Cantaré* (2008)
* *Momentos De Adoración* (2010)
* *Fuego 2* (TBA)
Bruce Taylor

**Bruce Richard Taylor** (12 July 1943 – 6 February 2021) was a New Zealand cricketer. He played 30 Tests and 2 ODIs for his country between 1965 and 1973. He is the only cricketer to score a century and take a five-wicket haul in their first Test match.

Taylor was born in Timaru. He was sentenced to one year imprisonment for fraud. He served his sentence between 1993 and 1994.

Taylor died on 6 February 2021 in Boulcott, Lower Hutt. He was 77.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Nicholas Mevoli

**Nicholas Lawrence "Nick" Mevoli III** (August 22, 1981 – November 17, 2013) was an American freediver who died attempting to break the world record of becoming the first American to surpass the 100m mark. On 17 November 2013, when he reached 73m without fins or breathing gear, he came up to the surface. He signalled that he was fine, but blood began pouring from his mouth. A few hours later, he was pronounced dead.

## References
Selmer, Tennessee

**Selmer** is a town in McNairy County, Tennessee, United States. 4,446 people lived here at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of McNairy County.

## References
Perry County, Tennessee

**Perry County** is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. In the 2020 census, 8,366 people lived there. The county seat is Linden.

## References
How Green Was My Valley (movie)

***How Green Was My Valley*** is a 1941 American drama movie directed by John Ford and based on the 1939 novel of the same name by Richard Llewellyn. It stars Walter Pidgeon, Maureen O'Hara, Anna Lee, Donald Crisp, Roddy McDowall and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. It was nominated for 5 Oscars and won 5 Oscars at the Academy Awards in 1942.

## References
## Other websites 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Born to Be Loved

***Born to Be Loved*** is a 1959 American romantic comedy movie directed by Hugo Haas (who also stars) and starring Carol Morris, Dick Kallman, Barbara Jo Allen. It was distributed by Universal Pictures.

## Other websites 
*