open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Jason Kander

**Jason Kander** (born May 4, 1981) is an American lawyer and Democratic Party politician. He was elected Secretary of State of Missouri in 2012, serving from January 2013 through January 9, 2017. He served as a state representative before becoming secretary of state. He was an intelligence officer in the Army National Guard, achieving the rank of Captain. 

## Career 
He was the Democratic nominee for the United States Senate, losing the 2016 Senate election to Republican incumbent Roy Blunt.

On June 25, 2018, Kander announced that he will run for mayor of Kansas City in 2019 to replace term-limited incumbent Sly James. He dropped out on October 2, 2018, after revealing that he suffered from PTSD and depression.

## References
John Neely Kennedy

**John Neely Kennedy** (born November 21, 1951) is an American politician. He is the United States Senator from Louisiana. Before becoming a senator, he was the State Treasurer of Louisiana. He is a member of the Republican Party. 

He served five terms as Treasurer of Louisiana. He took office in the United States Senate on January 3, 2017, after defeating Democratic candidate Foster Campbell in the Senate election runoff by over 21 percentage points.

## References
Sun of May

The **Sun of May** (*el sol de mayo*) is a national emblem of Argentina and Uruguay. It is a reference to the May revolution in Argentina, which led to that country's later independence from Spanish rule. In Uruguay it also refers to the May revolution. On 25 May 1810, the sun came out in Buenos Aires during a public gathering. This was seen as a good omen for the future success of the independence struggle.

## References
Peter van Straaten

**Peter van Straaten** (25 March 1935 &ndash; 8 December 2016) was a Dutch cartoonist and comics artist. He was best known for his political cartoons as well as his satirical observations of everyday people. He also had a newspaper comic strip *Vader & Zoon*, which ran in *Het Parool* for almost two decades.

Van Straaten announced his retirement on 2 August 2016. He died four months later on 8 December in Amsterdam, at the age of 81.

## References
Alan Thicke

**Alan Willis Thicke** (born **Alan Willis Jeffery**; March 1, 1947 – December 13, 2016) was a Canadian actor, songwriter, and game and talk show host. He was known for his role as Jason Seaver, the father on the ABC television series *Growing Pains.* 

He was the father of singer Robin Thicke.

Thicke died at Providence Saint Joseph Medical Center in Burbank, California on December 13, 2016 from a sudden Aortic dissection, aged 69.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* Alan Thicke in NNDB
* Alan Thicke in biography.com
Jewish diaspora

The **Jewish diaspora** () or **exile** ( ; Yiddish: ) was a time formally described as "the scattering of the Jews". A time after the Babylonian captivity when Jews settled in different places, eventually settling together.

Different groups of Jews had different names. These varied based on where they lived. For example:

*Ashkenazi Jews lived in central and eastern Europe
*Mizrahi Jews lived in the Middle East and north Africa
*Sephardi Jews lived in Spain and Portugal
Shirley Hazzard

**Shirley Hazzard** (30 January 1931 &ndash; 12 December 2016) was an Australian-born American author of fiction and non-fiction. She was born in Australia, but held citizenship of the United States. Her 1970 novel, *The Bay of Noon*, was shortlisted for the Lost Man Booker Prize in 2010
and her 2003 novel *The Great Fire* won the U.S. National Book Award for Fiction.

Hazzard died in New York City on 12 December 2016 from complications of dementia, aged 85.

## References
Frederick Wiseman

**Frederick Wiseman** (January 1, 1930 &ndash; February 16, 2026) was an American filmmaker, documentarian, and theatrical director.

In 2016, he was a recipient of an Academy Honorary Award from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

Wiseman died at his home in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on February 16, 2026, at the age of 96.

## References
## Other websites
*
*Frederick Wiseman Bibliography (via UC Berkeley) 
*Zipporah Films Official distributor of Wiseman's work
*Frederick Wiseman on Reality and film  – Statement at La clé des langues
*A Discussion with Frederick Wiseman and Robert Kramer – Documentary Box
*Interview with Frederick Wiseman for Slant Magazine by Budd Wilkins
*Interview with Wiseman at Not Coming to a Theater Near You
*Frederick Wiseman receives an Honorary Oscar Award at the 2016 Governors Awards
Al-Masih ad-Dajjal

**Al-Masih ad-Dajjal** ( ''*, "the false messiah", or "the deceiver") is an evil figure in Islamic eschatology. He is to appear, pretending to be *al-Masih* (i.e. the Messiah), before *Yawm al-Qiyamah'' (the Day of Resurrection). According to Islamic belief, at the end of days he will gather together everyone he has deceived into a great army. His army will then confront the Messiah and his army. This may be because he is only human and is mentioned in the future.

## References
David Somerset, 11th Duke of Beaufort

**David Robert Somerset, 11th Duke of Beaufort** (23 February 1928 &ndash; 16 August 2017), known as **Mr David Somerset** until 1984, was a British peer. He served as a member of the House of Lords from 5 February 1984 to 11 November 1999. He was President of the British Horse Society between 1988 and 1990, and was chairman of Marlborough Fine Art.

Somerset died on 16 August 2017 at his home in Badminton, Gloucestershire, South West England at the age of 89.

## References
## Other websites
* David Somerset, 11th Duke of Beaufort
*genealogics.org
Lester L. Wolff

**Lester Lionel Wolff** (January 4, 1919 &ndash; May 11, 2021) was an American politician. He was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from New York. He served as a representative from 1973 through 1981.

He was president of the International Trade and Development Agency. In 2014, Wolff received the Congressional Gold Medal, the highest civilian award in the United States.

Wolff was also the chair of the Touro College Pacific Community Institute, the author of numerous books on foreign policy, and the host of weekly PBS show *Ask Congress*.

Wolff died on May 11, 2021 at a hospital in Syosset, New York at the age of 102.

## References
## Notes
*
Field hockey at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament

The men's field hockey tournament at the 2012 Summer Olympics was the 22nd edition of the field hockey event for men at the Summer Olympic Games. It was held over a thirteen-day period beginning on 30 July. The medal finals were on 11 August. All games were played at the Riverbank Arena within the Olympic Park in London, United Kingdom.

Defending champions Germany won the gold medal for the fourth time. They defeated the Netherlands 2–1 in the final. Australia won the bronze medal by defeating Great Britain 3–1.

## Teams 
*  **(Host)**
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## First round 
### Pool A 
### Pool B 
## Medal round 
## Statistics 
### Team rankings 
## Other websites 
* Results on olympic.org
Fisher-Price

**Fisher-Price** is an American company. It produces toys for children. Since 1992, the company has been owned by Mattel.

The company was founded in 1930.

The company has produced toys including *Barney & Friends* related products, *Dora the Explorer* products and some Disney, *Muppets* and Sesame Street products. 

## References
Die-cast toy

A **die-cast toy** is any toy produced by the process of die casting. The toys are made of metal with plastic, glass and rubber details. The most common die-cast toys are scale models of vehicles, aircraft and trains. Hot Wheels toys are an example of die-cast cars. Early die-cast toys were made of lead. Modern toys are made of Zamak which is an alloy of zinc, aluminium, magnesium, and copper.

## References 
## Other websites 
* The Making Of AUTOart 1:18 Lamborghini Aventador; YouTube
West African Vodun

, Benin.]]

**Vodun** (meaning *spirit* in the Fon and Ewe languages,  with a nasal high-tone *u*; also spelled **Vodon**, **Vodoun**, **Vodou**, **Voudou**, **Voodoo**, etc.) is practiced by the Ewe people of eastern and southern Ghana, and southern and central Togo; and the Kabye people, Mina people, and Fon people of southern and central Togo, southern and central Benin. It is also practiced by some Gun people of Lagos and Ogun in southwest Nigeria. All the which belong to Gbe speaking ethnic groups of West Africa, except the Kabye. 

It is different from the African traditional religions in the middle of these countries and is the main source of religions with similar names found among the African Diaspora in the New World such as Haitian *Vodou*; Puerto Rican *Vodú*; Cuban *Vodú*; Dominican *Vudú*; Brazilian *Vodum*; and Louisiana *Voodoo*. All of these closely related faiths are syncretized with Christianity to various degrees and with the traditional beliefs of the Kongo people and Indigenous American traditions.

## References
Anne V. Coates

**Anne Voase Coates** (12 December 1925 &ndash; 8 May 2018) was a British movie editor with a more than 60-year-long career. She was best known as the editor of David Lean's epic movie *Lawrence of Arabia* in 1962. 

## Personal life
Coates was born in Surrey, England. She studied at Bartrum Gables College. Coates worked as a nurse in East Grinstead. She was married to Douglas Hickox until his death in 1988. Together, they had two sons and one daughter.

## Awards
Coates has been nominated five times for the Academy Award for Film Editing for the movies *Lawrence of Arabia*, *Becket* (1963), *The Elephant Man* (1980), *In the Line of Fire* (1993), and *Out of Sight* (1998). She was awarded BAFTA's highest honour, a BAFTA Fellowship, in February 2007 and was given an Academy Honorary Award, which are popularly known as a Lifetime Achievement Oscar, in November 2016 by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

## Death
Coates died on 8 May 2018, at a retirement center in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California.

## References
## Other websites
* Anne V. Coates credits – AMCTV.com Biography
*
Caaguazú Department

**Caaguazú** () is a department in Paraguay. The capital is the city of Coronel Oviedo. Its ISO 3166-2 code  is **PY-05**.

## History
In 1712, Gregorio Bazán de Pedraza founded the town of Villa de San Isidro Labrador de Curuguaty, followed by Ybytimí in 1715, San Joaquín in 1746, and Carayaó in 1770.

The department was created in 1906 with the name of *Yhú*; the town of Yhú was named as the capital of the department. Other towns were Ajos (present day Coronel Oviedo), Carayaó, San Joaquín and Caaguazú. Upon territorial reorganization in 1945, it was given the name of Caaguazú.

Its present limits were defined in 1973.

## Geography
The Caaguazú department is in middle of the *Oriental* region. It has an area of ,  of the area of Paraguay. Its estimated population in 2013 is 484,177 for a population density of  inhabitants/km2.

The average temperature for the year 2012 in Coronel Oviedo was . The warmest month, on average, was December with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is July, with an average temperature of .

## Districts
The department is divided in 22 districts:

## Related pages
* Departments of Paraguay
* ISO 3166-2:PY

## References
## Other websites
* Portal de Caaguazú 
* Statoids - Departments of Paraguay
Kevin Shinick

**Kevin Shinick** (born March 19, 1969, Merrick, New York) is a voice actor, screenwriter and producer. He won an Emmy Award in 2010 for Outstanding Short-Format Animated Program for *Robot Chicken*. Shenick is the creator, voice actor and producer of the comedy series *Mad*. He was also a writer for *Robot Chicken*.

## References
Bill English

**Sir Simon William "Bill" English** (born 30 December 1961) is a New Zealand politician. He was the 39th Prime Minister of New Zealand  from 2016 to 2017 and the leader of the National Party. He was previously Deputy Prime Minister from 2008 to 2016.

At the 2017 general election, National won the largest share of the party vote (44.4%) and the largest number of seats (56) in the House Representatives.

However, National lacked enough seats to govern alone due to two of the party's support partners, the Māori Party and United Future, losing their parliamentary seats. In response, English announced that the party would be entering into talks to form a coalition with New Zealand First. However, on 19 October 2017, Jacinda Ardern became the next Prime Minister after Winston Peters announced he would enter a coalition government with Labour.

## Background
Bill English is a prominent figure in New Zealand politics and corporate leadership. He served as the 39th Prime Minister of New Zealand from 2016 to 2017 and has been actively involved in various government and private sector roles. In addition to his political career, English has significant experience in business and finance, currently serving as a board member of West Farmers Limited, a leading Australian conglomerate.

## Philanthropic Interests
While there is limited publicly available information about Bill English's specific philanthropic interests, his involvement in public service and corporate governance suggests a potential interest in supporting causes related to education, healthcare, economic development, and community welfare.

## Key Associations
Chairman of Mount Cook Alpine Salmon, and Chair of Impact Lab Ltd and Manawanui Support Ltd. He is also a director of the Paul Ramsay Foundation, TMG Cloudland, Centre for Independent Studies and The Todd Corporation Limited.

## References
## Other websites
*
* Bill English MP  official site
* Profile at National party
* Profile  on Parliamentary website
Combined gas law

The **combined gas law** is a formula about ideal gases. It comes from putting together three different laws about the pressure, volume, and temperature of the gas. They explain what happens to two of the values of that gas while the third stays the same. The three laws are:
* Charles's law, which says that volume and temperature are directly proportional to each other as long as pressure stays the same.
* Boyle's law says that pressure and volume are inversely proportional to each other at the same temperature.
* Gay-Lussac's law says that temperature and pressure are directly proportional as long as the volume stays the same.
The combined gas law shows how the three variables are related to each other. It says that:

The formula of the combined gas law is:

: \qquad \frac {PV}{T}= k 

where:

:P is the pressure
:V is the volume
:T is the temperature measured in kelvin
:k is a constant (with units of energy divided by temperature).

To compare the same gas with two of these cases, the law can be written as:

: \qquad \frac {P_1V_1}{T_1}= \frac {P_2V_2}{T_2} 

By adding Avogadro's law to the combined gas law, we get what is called the ideal gas law.

## Derivation from the gas laws
Boyle's Law states that the pressure-volume product is constant:
:PV = k_1 \qquad (1)
Charles's Law shows that the volume is proportional to the absolute temperature:
:\frac{V}{T} = k_2 \qquad (2)
Gay-Lussac's Law says that the pressure is proportional to the absolute temperature:
:P = k_3T \qquad (3)
where *P* is the pressure, *V* the volume and *T* the absolute temperature of an ideal gas.

By combining (1) and either of (2) or (3), we can gain a new equation with *P*, *V* and *T*. If we divide equation (1) by temperature and multiply equation (2) by pressure we will get:
:\frac{PV}{T} = \frac{k_1(T)}{T}
:\frac{PV}{T} = k_2(P)P.
As the left-hand side of both equations is the same, we arrive at
:\frac{k_1(T)}{T} = k_2(P)P,
which means that
:\frac{PV}{T} = \textrm{constant}.

Substituting in Avogadro's Law yields the ideal gas equation.

## Applications
The combined gas law can be used to explain the mechanics where pressure, temperature, and volume are affected. For example: air conditioners, refrigerators and the formation of clouds and also use in fluid mechanics and thermodynamics.

## Related pages
* Dalton's law

## References
## Sources
* Raff, Lionel. Principles of Physical Chemistry. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall 2001
* Rankcom, Jamie. Massive scientisty person

## Other websites
* Interactive Java applet on the combined gas law  by Wolfgang Bauer
Ulisseia (epic poem)

**Ulisseia ou Lisboa Edificada** is an epic poem by Portuguese poet Gabriel Pereira de Castro. It was published by author's brother Luís Pereira de Castro in 1636. The poem is written in ottava rima (oitava rima in Portuguese). The stanza is rhymed abababcc. The poem is about discovery of Portugal by Ulysses.

As Armas e o varão que os mal seguros
Campos cortou do Egeu e do Oceano,
Que por perigos e trabalhos duros
Eternizou seu nome soberano:
A grã Lisboa e seus primeiros muros
(De Europa e largo Império Lusitano
Alta cabeça), se eu pudesse tanto,
À Pátria, ao mundo, à Eternidade canto.

## References 
## Bibliografia 
* Ulysséa ou Lisboa Edificada. Poema Heroico de Gabriel Pereira de Castro, Lisboa 1827.

## Other websites 
* Gabriel Pereira de Castro, Ulisseia ou Lisboa Edificada at Projecto Vercial.
Thirunallar Saniswaran temple

**Tirunallar Dharbaranyeswarar Temple** or **Dharbaranyeswarar Temple** is a famous Hindu temple that is dedicated to Lord Shani or Lord Saturn. It is located in Thirunallar of Karaikal district in Puducherry Union territory, India. Another name of this temple is Dharbaranyeshwarar Temple. The main deity of the temple is Lord Shiva (Lord Dharbaranyeshwarar).

## The temple and its significance
The main deity Lord Shiva is said to be made with the "dharbha grass", from which the temple got its name of Dharbaranyeshwarar Temple. The temple also centers Lord Saniswaran or Lord Saturn as one of the main gods. The shrine of Thirunallar is famous for this lord. According to Hinduism, Lord Saniswaran resides in each rasi or zodiac sign for about two and half years. The temple is revered by hymns of the Shaiva poets like Appar, Sundarar and Sambandar. Therefore it is classified as Paadal Petra Sthalam or the shrine which was revered by hymns of the poets.
## Reference
Nagore

Nagore is a town in the Nagapattinam district in Tamil Nadu, India. It is one of the important Islamic shrine in Tamil Nadu. Five centuries old Nagore Dargah is famous throughout the state.It attracts thousands of people daily. The total population of Nagore is 97,525. It is 12km away from Karaikal and 5 km away from district headquarters Nagapattinam.

The Nagore Kandhuri Festival is very famous throughout the region. The festival season in Nagore falls in the month of May.Nagore Dargah is famous because any religious people can gather in the religious site. It is the Common Religious Gathering Point of thousands of people visiting the place each day.

Nagore is also famous for sweets and fishes that are obtained from the coastal region of Nagore. The Nagore Railway station is one of the crowded railway station in that region, since thousands of devotees come through railway to the holy Dargah.
## Reference
Nellore

**Nellore** is a city in Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is located in the banks of Penna River. It is the fourth most populous city in Andhra Pradesh. The city is well known for agriculture and aquaculture.It is the headquarters of the Nellore district. The total population of the city is 600,869.Density is 4000/km2.

The name is said to be taken from Purana that depicts, a linga under the Nelli tree(Amla or Indian gooseberry). From then the place is called as Nelli-ooru then the name emerged as Nellore. It is said that the city existed since the Mauryan dynasty.

The main economy of the city is based on agriculture and aquaculture. The main productive is Shrimp culturing.The Nellore city is located near the coastal region of Bay of Bengal.
## Reference
Protologism

A **protologism** is a brand new word. Most people don't know about the word after its creation. Only a tiny group of people have ever used the word. Sometimes the coiner is the only person who has ever used the word. Sometimes people create protologisms because of a gap in the language.

## Related pages
*Neologism

## References
Riederalp

**Riederalp** is a municipality of the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 November 2003, the former municipalities of Goppisberg, Greich and Ried-Mörel merged into the new municipality of Riederalp.

## References
## Other websites
* Official Website
Rex Tillerson

**Rex Wayne Tillerson** (born March 23, 1952) is an American businessman and the 69th United States Secretary of State. He served from February 1, 2017 to March 31, 2018. He was the chairman and CEO of Exxon Mobil Corporation, the fifth largest company by market capitalization until his resignation in 2017.

In December 2016, President-elect of the United States Donald Trump announced his intention to nominate Tillerson to be the Secretary of State. The United States Senate approved of his nomination on February 1, 2017 and shortly assumed the office. On March 13, 2018, Trump fired Tillerson and said he would nominate Mike Pompeo to succeed him as Secretary of State. Tillerson's term officially ended on March 31, 2018.

## Early life
Tillerson was born on March 23, 1952, in Wichita Falls, Texas. Tillerson received a bachelor's degree in civil engineering from the University of Texas at Austin in 1975.

## Business career
Tillerson joined Exxon in 1975, and by 1989 had become general manager of the Exxon USA central production division. In 1995 he became president of Exxon Yemen Inc. and Esso Exploration and Production Khorat Inc. In 2006, Tillerson was elected chairman and chief executive officer of Exxon, the world's 6th largest company by revenue. Tillerson retired from Exxon effective December 31, 2016, and was succeeded by Darren Woods. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering. He resigned his position from Exxon to pursue his nomination of United States Secretary of State.

## United States Secretary of State
On the evening of December 10, the BBC cited NBC reports that "sources close to Mr Trump [were] ... saying that Mr Tillerson is likely to be named next week" and that former UN ambassador John Bolton "will serve as his deputy". On December 12, *The New York Times* reported that he had been chosen.

On January 11, 2017, Tillerson's congressional confirmation hearing was held. Tillerson was approved by the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on January 23, 2017, to be Secretary of State when it voted 11-10 to send his nomination to the full Senate. The Senate confirmed Tillerson as Secretary of State on February 1 2017.  The Senate voted 56 to 43, with all Republicans in support and 42 Democrats voting against him.

On March 13, 2018, Trump fired Tillerson as Secretary and nominated Director of the CIA Mike Pompeo of the position. He resides in Irving, Texas.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Rolling Stone on “The Climate Killers: 17 polluters and deniers who are derailing efforts to curb the climate catastrophe.”
*
Scott Pruitt

**Edward Scott Pruitt** (born May 9, 1968) is an American lawyer and Republican politician from the state of Oklahoma.  Scott was the 14th Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency from February 17, 2017 until his resignation on July 6, 2018. He was the Oklahoma Attorney General serving from 2011 through 2017. Pruitt was a State Senator, representing Tulsa and Wagoner counties from 1998 until 2006.  

On December 7, 2016, President-elect Donald Trump selected Pruitt to be his nominee as the next Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency. On February 17, 2017, the Senate confirmed Pruitt's nomination, by a vote of 52-46. While critics, such as Senator Bernie Sanders, described him as a climate change denier, he believes that the climate is changing and human activity is responsible to climate change.

Pruitt ran for the United States Senate in the 2022 special election to replace Senator Jim Inhofe.

On September 9, 2014, in *Pruitt v. Burwell*, the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Oklahoma ruled against the IRS.

On December 7, 2014, The New York Times published a front-page story highlighting that Pruitt had used his office's stationery to send form letters written by energy industry lobbyists to federal agencies during public comment.

In April 2015, Pruitt wrote a letter to school superintendents stating that schools can lawfully allow the dissemination of religious literature on campus.

In May 2016, Attorneys General Pruitt and Luther Strange authored an op-ed in the National Review criticizing other state attorneys general for "acting like George III" regarding the ExxonMobil climate change controversy, writing "global warming has inspired one of the major policy debates of our time. That debate is far from settled. Scientists continue to disagree about the degree and extent of global warming and its connection to the actions of mankind."

## Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (2017 &ndash; 2018)
On December 7, 2016, President-elect Donald Trump announced his plans to nominate Pruitt as the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency. He then passed to the full Senate for a vote. On February 17, 2017, the United States senate confirmed his nomination with a 52-46 vote. He was sworn-in the next day by Vice President Mike Pence.

During his tenure, Pruitt was accused of corruption for misusing the EPA's money for his personal gain. Many Senators and other politicians called for Pruitt's resignation.

Under fire since his appointment, Pruitt resigned on July 5, 2018, leaving Andrew R. Wheeler as the acting head of the agency.

## 2022 U.S. Senate election
In April 2022, Pruitt announced his candidacy for the U.S. Senate in the special election to replace retiring Senator Jim Inhofe. He lost the Republican nomination in the first round of voting in June 2022.

## Personal life
Pruitt married Marlyn Pruitt in 1992. They have two children.

## References
## Other websites
*Scott Pruitt campaign website
Chittoor

**Chittoor** is a city and district headquarters of the Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is the headquarters of the Chittoor mandal and Chittoor revenue division. Telugu is the widely spoken language in this region. The total population of Chittoor city was 353,766 as of the 2011 Census of India.

The total area of the city is .

The main attraction in this city is the Chandragiri Fort.

Nara Chandrababu Naidu was born in Chittoor. He is the Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh and the leader of the Telugu Desam Party.

## Reference
Tirupati

**Tirupati** is a city in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh state in India. It is a municipal corporation and headquarters of Tirupati revenue division and Tirupati mandal (taluk). As of the census of 2011, Tirupati is the 9th most populous city in Andhra Pradesh with the total population of 287,482. Population of the urban agglomeration of Tirupati is 459,985.

Tirupati has one of the most visited tourist attraction as well as religious shrine and the second richest temple in the world, the Tirumala Venkateswara Temple. This temple is one of the holiest Hindu pilgrimage sites. Because of this temple, Tirupati is considered as "the Spiritual  capital of Andhra Pradesh".

Tirupati is mainly world renowned for the holy temple as well as its prasadham, the Tirupati Laddu. The Tirupati Laddu is a famous naivedhyam or prasadham offered to devotees in the Tirumala Venkateshwara Temple.The other attractions here are the Padmavathi Temple, Govindaraja Temple, Kapileshwara Temple, Kapila Theertham, and Sri Kodhandaramaswami Temple.The second largest zoo park in Asia is the Venkateshwara Zoological Park, which is located in Tirupati.

## References
Arrondissements of the Aube department

There are 3 **arrondissements in the Aube department**.

The arrondissements of Aube are:

## History
Since its creation, the Aube department has had few changes:
* 1790 : creation of the department with six districts: Nogent-sur-Seine, Arcis-sur-Aube, Bar-sur-Aube, Bar-sur-Seine, Ervy and Troyes; the capital was Troyes.
* 1800 : creation of five arrondissements: Arcis-sur-Aube, Bar-sur-Aube, Bar-sur-Seine, Nogent-sur-Seine and Troyes.
* 1926 : the arrondissements of Arcis-sur-Aube et Bar-sur-Seine were eliminated.

## Related pages
*List of arrondissements of France

## References
Big data

Big data is a term used for certain database systems. It is used for a number of technologies which help to organize, gather and analyse data. 

At least some of the following characteristics apply:
* There are huge amounts of data

* The data changes very often

* It is difficult to structure the data so that it can be used easily

## Use 
Big data is used to analyse different subjects. Through the analysis, new information can be gained. Bigger amounts of data make it easier to find reliable information. It is used in many different areas, such as government, health care, insurance, media, advertisement and information technology.

## Origin 
The data is gathered among other things through:

* Surveillance
* the use of credit cards
* Electronic Communication (for example E-mail and smartphones)
* Internet and social media (for example from using Google search or when visiting Facebook)
* Internet of things (objects that can connect to the internet, for example Amazon Alexa)
* governments and public authorities (for example tax data, census data)

## Critique 
Big data has been criticised for different reasons. One prominent criticism is the increasing surveillance to gather data, which takes place in many new forms. Edward Snowden has revealed how the American National Security Agency (NSA) uses digital technology to spy on people around the world. Another prominent criticisms is data privacy, which is about the risk of sensitive personal data leaking because it is not protected well enough.

A more fundamental critique of big data is just because it is bigger, it is not automatically better. The quality of the data still has to be controlled. It also says that data analysis can only ask "what" is happening, but not "why" it is happening.

## References
Karaikal Ammaiyar Temple

The **Karaikal Ammaiyar Temple** is the Hindu temple in Karaikal of Pondicherry Union territory, India. It is dedicated to goddess Karaikal Ammaiyar, one of the 63 nayanmars of Shaiva. She is one of the renowned goddess in Karaikal.The earliest findings of Carnatic Music poetry were told to be sung by Karaikal Ammaiyar in praise of Lord Shiva in Thiruvalangadu, a village.

## History
The temple of Karaikal Ammaiyar was constructed by Malaiperumal Pillai in the year 1929. Malaiperumal Pillai was born in Karaikal in the year 1890 and dead in 1937.The Ammaiyar temple has the sanctums for goddess Karaikal Ammaiyar, Lord Somanathar (Lord Shiva) & Lord Vinayaka.

## Important festivals
The mangani (Mango) festival celebrated is the most famous festival in Karaikal.On the month of Aani(June-July), this festival is celebrated every year. This was since Lord Shiva in procession as Bikshatadanamurthi came to the world begging. In Karaikal, Ammaiyar gave him a mango and curd rice. The festival is considered spiritual because it is said that the women participating in the festival and eating the mango thrown, will be given the boon of child.
## References
Kadapa

**Kadapa** is a city in Rayalseema region of Kadapa district of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is the headquarters of the Kadapa district.The city is said to be nicknamed "Gadapa" (threshold), as it is the gateway to the sacred Tirumala hills from the west. The city is surrounded by Nallamala and Palakonda hills.The city is known for its spicy and culinary food.

Kadapa is one of the fastest growing cities in Andhra Pradesh. As of the 2011 Census of India, the city had a population of 344,078. The literacy rate of the city is 79.34%. Telugu is the widely spoken language in Kadapa. English, Hindi and Urdu are the other languages that are spoken in Kadapa.

For transportation, Kadapa has its own airport and railway stations. Kadapa Airport is a domestic airport. The Mumbai-Chennai line, one of the busiest railway line passes through Kadapa Railway station .

## Reference
Steg, Valais

**Steg** was a municipality of the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. On 1 January 2009, the former municipalities of Steg and Hohtenn merged into the new municipality of Steg-Hohtenn.

## Other websites
* Official Website  
*
Vijayawada

**Vijayawada** is the second largest city in Andhra Pradesh, India. It is on the banks of Krishna River. Vijayawada is a municipal corporation and headquarters of the Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority and Vijayawada mandal. It is also known as the business  of Andhra Pradesh. This is because it is one of the major trading and business center of the state.

Vijayawada is the second largest city after the Visakhapatnam port city, in Andhra Pradesh. The city is recognised as the Global City of the Future by *McKinsey Quarterly*. According to the 2011 census the total population of the city is 1,034,358. The urban area population is 1,476,931. Prakasam Barrage, Bhavani Island and Gandhi Hill. 

It is a major center for automobile body building, transport and small-scale industries. Vijayawada is also a hub for education with many colleges and coaching institutes. The climate is hot in summer and mild in winter. The city is growing quickly and is one of the key urban areas in southern India.

## Reference
Vellore

Vellore is an important city in Tamil Nadu, India. It is the headquarters of Vellore district. It is located on the banks of Palar River.The area of Vellore covers about 153.14km2.The total population of Vellore city is 423,425 as per 2001 census.Vellore is the base place where two of India's top 10 educational institutions located.They are:Christian Medical College Hospital and VIT University.

Vellore region is the top exporter of finished leather goods in the country. Vellore leather accounts for more than 37% of the country's export of leather and leather-related products. 

Vellore Fort, Science Park, Vainu Bappu Observatory, Amirthi Zoological Park, Religious places such as Jalakandeswarar Temple, Srilakshmi Golden Temple, Big Mosque and St. John's Church and Yelagiri Hill station are the  top tourist attractions in and around Vellore.
## Reference
Warangal

**Warangal** is a city in Telangana, India. It is the headquarters of Warangal district in Telengana. Warangal is the second largest city after Hyderabad by both area as well as population. 811,844 people live in Warangal.

Warangal is one of 12 heritage cities in the country chosen for Scheme HRIDAY – Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana by Government of India. It is also selected as a smart city in the "fast-track competition", so it may get additional investment to improve the urban infrastructure and industrial opportunities under Smart Cities Mission.

Warangal was the capital of the Kakatiya dynasty from 1195 CE until that ruling family was defeated by the Delhi Sultanate in 1323. The city was then renamed as Sultanpur. After the Telangana movement, Telangana state was formed on 2 June 2014, Warangal became part of Telangana State. Bhadrakali Lake and Waddepally Lake are the two famous lakes are the major sources of drinking water.

## References
James Gillray

paid a large sum of money to have it suppressed and its plate destroyed.]]

**James Gillray** (13 August 1756 or 1757&nbsp;– 1 June 1815) was a British caricaturist and printmaker. He was famous for his cartoons. They were etched political and social satires, mainly published between 1792 and 1810.

Gillray has been called "the father of the political cartoon". He satirized George III, prime ministers and generals. He was one of the two most influential cartoonists of that time: the other was William Hogarth. Gillray's wit and humour, knowledge of life, and fine drawing, gave him the first place among caricaturists.

The name of Gillray's publisher and print seller was Miss Hannah Humphrey. Her shop is always associated with the caricaturist. Gillray lived with Miss (often called Mrs) Humphrey for the entire period of his fame.

Although he satirized George III as "Farmer George", his main target was the gluttonous Prince of Wales (later George IV). Napoleon was another favourite target. Gillray was especially hard on the rich, the famous and the most powerful people.

Many of his prints were sent  to Germany and reprinted in the magasine London und Paris.

 and Napoleon — "probably the most famous political cartoon of all time, it has been stolen over and over and over again by cartoonists ever since".]] 

## References
Debutante

by Pedro Subercaseaux. In Spain's American colonies, the upper classes were Europeans and American-born Spaniards (Crillos). They were heavily influenced by European trends.]]

A **debutante** is a young woman who is first introduced into society. In former times, these young ladies would be part of nobility, or the upper class. Originally, the term meant the young person was now old enough to be married. The purpose of the coming out was to display her to eligible bachelors and their families. The term comes from French, and can be translated as "beginner". 

In those days, a young lady of quality could not meet anyone unless they were introduced to her. This introduction could happen at an event (such as a ball) which was part of the 'season'. In the United Kingdom there was a formal presentation of the debutants to the monarch at the Royal Court (abolished by the late Queen Elizabeth II in 1957). According to the peerage guide Debrett's, the traditional social season runs from April to August. The dress code for debutantes is traditionally a pure white ball gown and white evening gloves.

## References
The Elf on the Shelf

***The Elf on the Shelf: A Christmas Tradition***  is a 2004 children's picture book. It was written by Carol Aebersold and her daughter Chanda Bell. The book was d by Coë Steinwart. It tells a Christmas-d story, written in rhyme. The story explains how Santa Claus knows who is naughty and who is nice. It describes elves visiting children between Thanksgiving and Christmas Eve, after which they return to the North Pole until the next holiday season.

## References
Vadodara

**Vadodara** is the city in Gujarat, India. It used to be called Baroda. It is the administrative capital or headquarters of Vadodara district in Gujarat. The city is on the banks of Vishwamitri River. The city is famous for Lakshmi Vilas Palace, an excellent architectural palace. It is also the place for the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda (Vadodara), the largest university in the state.

The city is an important place of industrial, educational and cultural centre in India. Vadodara has its own airport. The Vadodara Airport has good connectivity with Mumbai, Chennai, Delhi, Kolkata and other main airports. An international terminal was built and was inaugurated by PM Narendra Modi in 2016. Vadodara Railway Station is one of the busiest railway station in Gujarat. It deals with about 150 trains daily.

As of the 2011 census, Vadodara metropolitan area had a population of 3,565,771. Gujarati, Urdu, Marathi and Hindi are the widely spoken languages in Vadodara. Vadodara has the oldest cricket ground in Asia, the Moti Baug Stadium. Vadodara is the birthplace of cricketers like Yusuf Pathan, Irfan Pathan, Nayan Mongia, Deepak Hooda, Hardik Pandya, Krunal Pandya, Ambati Rayudu and Kiran More.

## Reference
Aube (river)

The **Aube** is a river in France. It is a right tributary of the Seine. The Aube department is named after the river.

## Geography
The Aube river has a length of  and a drainage basin with an area of . 

Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is  at Arcis-sur-Aube in the Aube department.

### Course
The source of the Aube river is in the Langres Plateau, in the *commune* of Praslay, at an altitude of about , in the Haute-Marne department.

The Aube river flows through 2 regions, 4 departments and 80 *communes*. It flows through the following *communes*, among others:

## Main tributaries
The main tributaries of the Aube river are:

**Left tributaries**:
* Auzon - 39.5 km

**Right tributaries**:
* Aujon - 68 km
* Voire - 56 km
* Huitrelle - 23.4 km
* Superbe- 39.5 km

## Gallery

File:Aube Source.jpg|Source of the Aube near Praslay
File:Rivière Aube sortie Bar sur Aube.JPG|The Aube leaving Bar-sur-Aube
File:FR-10-Arcis-sur-Aube3.JPG|The Aube in Arcis-sur-Aube
File:Montigny03.JPG|Bridge on the Aube in Montigny-sur-Aube

## Related pages
* List of rivers of France

## References
Sic semper tyrannis

**Sic semper tyrannis** is a Latin phrase attributed to Marcus Junius Brutus, one of the people who assassinated Julius Caesar. It can be translated as "Thus always to tyrants". John Wilkes Booth is believed to have said the phrase after assassinating Abraham Lincoln.
It is also the motto of the Commonwealth of Virginia.

## References
Karl Ernst von Baer

**Karl Ernst Ritter von Baer, Edler von Huthorn** (;  – ) was an Estonian scientist and explorer. Baer is also known in Russia as **Karl Maksimovich Baer** ().

Baer was a naturalist, biologist, geologist, meteorologist, geographer, and a founding father of embryology.

He was an explorer of European Russia and Scandinavia. He was a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a co-founder of the Russian Geographical Society, and the first president of the Russian Entomological Society.

## References
Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office

]]

The **Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office** (or **Foreign Office**) is a ministry of the Government of the United Kingdom. Its job it is to protect British interests around the world.

The minister responsible is known as the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, which is usually shortened to "Foreign Secretary". This position is one of the four most important in the government's Cabinet. David Cameron is the current Foreign Secretary of the UK.
Fentanyl

**Fentanyl** (sometimes spelled **fentanil**) is a synthetic opioid that is used as a painkiller. It also acts as a sedative. It has a short duration of action and works rapidly. The two most common forms are patches that are put on the skin, and an intravenous solution. Paul Janssen developed Fentanyl in 1960. It is 50-100 times more potent as morphine. Its strength means that much less Fentanyl is needed to get the same effect, but it also wears off faster. 

The effects of the intravenous solution can be seen within the first 25 to 35 seconds, the peak happening within just 5 to 7 minutes. In 3 to 7 hours, the half life of fentanyl means that concentration in the bloodstream will be half, and it will be halved again every 3-7 hours after that. The drug is excreted 75% in feces and 9% in urine Fentanyl has a relatively wide therapeutic index (270) which makes it a very safe surgical anesthetic when monitored carefully. Because it is so potent, finding the right dose to use requires great care: Fentanyl comes as a highly diluted solution. There is also a powder, but its use is impractical without advanced scientific equipment: The effective dose needed and a lethal dose of fentanyl powder placed next to each other would be difficult or impossible to differentiate with the naked eye.

Non-medical use of fentanyl by people without opioid tolerance can be very dangerous and has resulted in many deaths. Even people with opiate tolerance are at high risk of overdoses. Fentanyl is used as a recreational drug. This has led to thousands of overdose deaths each year from 2000 to 2015. It is now *the leading cause of death for young adults in the US*. It is also the main cause of death in British Columbia for people aged between 10 and 59.  

Most of it comes from Mexico.  As it is so powerful the quantities are very small. All the fentanyl needed to supply the US for a year weighs about 5 tonnes. This makes it hard to stop. Very few people are needed to make it. Heroin is not used so much now because fentanyl is more profitable. It has not spread much outside North America.

## Related pages
*List of fentanyl analogues
*Opioid epidemic in the United States

## References
Steg-Hohtenn

**Steg-Hohtenn** is a municipality in the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

## History
On 1 January 2009, the former municipalities of Hohtenn and Steg merged into the new municipality of Steg-Hohtenn.

## Villages
* Steg
* Hohtenn

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
École nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique

The '''École nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique'* is a renowned graduate engineering school in France. It is in a campus of the *Futuroscope*.

Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees :
* *Ingénieur ENSMA* (ENSMA Graduate engineer Masters level program)
* Master of Science & PhD doctorate studies

Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different curricula at ENSMA.

## Famous ex-student 
* Lionel Guérin, French Chief executive officer and politician

## Research labs 
Research activities at ENSMA relate to the following topics:
* *Institut PPrime'' (Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science and Energy Sciences)
* Computer Science and Automatic Control for Systems.

## References 
## Further reading 
* Official website
Fuller House (TV series)

jodie sweetin  /  are name my terence vincent                                                                                  jodie sweetie order xt plus peis  / sherrelle vincent                                                                                      813 short street burling to nc  white houes         greens boro 13 west

## References
European Women's Handball Championship

The '''European Women's Handball Championship''' is the official competition for the women's national handball teams of Europe. It takes place every two years. In addition to crowning the European champions, the tournament is also a qualifying tournament for the Olympic Games and World Championship.

As of December 2014, the only teams that have ever won the championship are Norway (six times), Denmark (three times), Hungary and Montenegro (once). Denmark has hosted the most European Championships for three times, in 2010 Denmark was co-host with Norway.

## Summary
## Medal count
Barron Hilton

**William Barron Hilton** (October 23, 1927 &ndash; September 19, 2019) was an American business magnate, socialite, and hotel heir.

He was the son and successor of hotel pioneer Conrad Hilton. He created a record in business and philanthropy that was like his famous father's.

He was the retired chairman, president and chief executive officer of Hilton Hotels Corporation, and chairman emeritus of the Conrad N. Hilton Foundation. Hilton was also a founding partner of the American Football League and the original owner of the San Diego Chargers.

Hilton died at his Bel-Air, Los Angeles home on September 19, 2019 of natural causes at the age of 91.

## References
Italian Renaissance

The **Italian Renaissance** ( ) was the earliest beginning of the general European Renaissance. It was a period of great cultural change and  that began in Italy during the 14th century. It lasted into the 17th century, marking the gradual change between Medieval and Early Modern Europe. The Italian renaissance was a period of gradual change. Some parts can be traced back to the earlier part of the 14th century. Other parts did not happen until the end of the century. The French word *renaissance* (*Rinascimento* in Italian) means "Rebirth". The era is best known for the renewed interest in the culture of classical antiquity. While it started as a humanist movement it spread to other areas including science, religion, art and exploration. During this period William Shakespeare wrote his plays, Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa, and Martin Luther had started a new religious movement. As it moved northward, it changed into less a classical movement and more into a religious movement. 

## References