open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Canton of Zug

The **Canton of Zug** is one of the 26 cantons of Switzerland. It is in central Switzerland and its capital is Zug.  With 239 km² in area, the canton is one of the smallest of the cantons.  It does not contain any districts as there are not enough municipalities to warrant any districts.

## Geography 
The canton of Zug is in central Switzerland. The canton of Lucerne and Canton of Aargau lie to its west. To the north is the Canton of Zürich; to the west and south is the Canton of Schwyz.  The canton has two lakes inside of it, both of which make up a large part of the canton's area.  They are the lakes of Zug and Ägeri. 

## Municipalities 
The eleven municipalities of the canton are: 
*Zug
*Oberägeri
*Unterägeri
*Menzingen
*Baar
*Cham
*Hünenberg
*Steinhausen
*Risch
*Walchwil
*Neuheim

## References 
## Other websites 
* Canton of Zug official page (German)
* Official statistics
* Zug-Zuerich border photos
* Kanton Zug - All photographs index
*Company Formation Zug
Lake Zug

The **Lake Zug** (German: *Zugersee*) is one of the lesser known Swiss lakes, on the outskirts of the Alps and north of Lake Lucerne. It is fed by the Aa, which descends from the Rigi and enters the south end of the lake.  The Lorze feeds the lake at the northern shore.

For the most part, the lake is in the Canton of Zug, but the southern end is up to 10&nbsp;km in the canton of Schwyz, while the Canton of Lucerne stretches over a 2&nbsp;km area by the Immensee. 

At its northern end the shores are nearly level, while on the west shore the wooded promontory of Buonas (with its castles, old and new) projects picturesquely into the waters. The principal place on the lake is the town of Zug. Three railways follow the shore of the lake, one from Zürich via Zug and Arth-Goldau to the St Gotthard, one from Lucerne via Arth-Goldau to the St Gotthard and one from Zürich via Zug to Lucerne.

Many fish (including pike and carp of considerable weights) are taken from the lake, which is especially famous for an endemic kind of trout (*Salmo salvelinus*, locally called *Rolheli*). Because of farming runoff, it is not one of Switzerland's cleanest lakes.

## List of cities and places on the lake 
*Zug
*Oberwil
*Walchwil
*Arth
*Immensee
*Buonas
*Risch
*Cham

## Historical notes 
In 1911, a railway was built around the lake.

The first steamer was placed on the lake in 1852.

## Other websites
*Waterlevels of Lake Zug  at Zug
Ardon

**Ardon** can mean:
*Ardon, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, a town in the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania, Russia
*Ardon, Bryansk Oblast, a former urban-type settlement in Bryansk Oblast, Russia; since 2004–a village
*Ardon River, a river in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, flows into the Terek River
*Ardon, Switzerland, a village in the Canton of Valais, Switzerland
*Ardon, Loiret, a municipality of the Loiret département, France
*Ardon, Jura, a municipality of the Jura département, France
*Ardon, Spain, a village in the province of Castilla y León, Spain
Ardon, Switzerland

**Ardon** is a municipality of the district of Conthey in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

## References
Erlinsbach

**Erlinsbach** is the name of two municipalities in Switzerland:

* Erlinsbach, Aargau
* Erlinsbach, Solothurn
Erlinsbach, Aargau

**Erlinsbach** is a municipality in Aarau in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## References
## Other websites
Gallenkirch

**Gallenkirch** was a municipality of the district Brugg in canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

It has a middle school, but the district school is in Brugg

On 1 January 2013, the former municipalities of Gallenkirch, Linn, Oberbözberg and Unterbözberg merged into the new municipality of Bözberg.

## Other websites
*Official Website of Gallenkirch
Etzgen

**Etzgen** was a municipality of the district Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. On 1 January 2010, the former municipalities of Etzgen, Hottwil, Mettau, Oberhofen AG and Wil AG merged into the new municipality of Mettauertal.
Gansingen

**Gansingen** is a municipality of the district Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## References
## Other websites
Gontenschwil

**Gontenschwil** is a municipality in Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites
Wil (disambiguation)

**Wil** or **WIL** could mean:

## People 
* Wil Anderson, Australian comedian
* Wil Shriner, actor, television director and game show host
* Wil Wheaton, writer, actor, and geek icon
* Wil (Musician), Canadian musician
* Wil Ohmsford, Character from the Elfstones of Shannara book.

## Places 
* Wil, city in the Canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland
* Wil, Aargau, village in the Canton of Aargau, Switzerland
* Wil, Zürich, village in the Canton of Zürich, Switzerland

## American Broadcast Stations 
* WIL, radio station broadcasting at 1430 kHz on the AM band, licensed to St. Louis, Missouri
* WIL-FM, radio station broadcasting at 92.3 MHz on the FM band, licensed to St. Louis, Missouri
Masafumi Akikawa

**Masafumi Akikawa** is a Japanese tenor singer. He was born October 11, 1967, in Ehime, Japan. His representative work is "Sen no kaze ni natte", this song was sung in annual NHK sponsored year-end men versus women singing contest in 2006.

## References
AAA: Attack All Around

**AAA** (Triple A) is a Japanese music group. The group was formed in 2005, and were awarded a new face award in the same year. They are signed to "avex trax". 
The group members were Takahiro Nisijima, Naoya Urata, Misako Uno, Mituhiro Hidaka, Shinjiro Atae, Shuta Sueyoshi and Chiaki Ito.
They play an active role in J-pop.
2007 Zoé's Ark controversy

**The Chadian orphan children scandal** involved six French citizens from the aid group L'Arche de Zoé. On October 26, 2007, they attempted to fly 103 children from Chad to France, claiming they were orphans from Darfur, Sudan. 

However, Chadian authorities discovered that the children were actually Chadian and had living parents. As a result, the six aid workers were arrested at the airport on October 26, 2007.

## Overview
### 2007
On December 21, 2007, the aid workers stood trial for the kidnapping of 103 children. Chad's interior minister, Ahmat Bachir, stated that the suspects could face up to 20 years of hard labor if convicted. 

During their detention, the six suspects engaged in a hunger strike in protest against the charges. On December 26, 2007, they were sentenced to eight years of hard labor by a Chadian court.
### 2008
In March 2008, an agreement was reached to transfer the aid workers to France to serve their sentences. Later that year, the President of Chad granted them a pardon, allowing them to be released from prison in France.

## Legacy
This incident strained diplomatic relations between France and Chad and sparked international debate on the ethics of humanitarian  and child adoption practices in conflict zones. It led to increased  and stricter regulations on international adoption and the operations of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in conflict areas.

## Other websites
* Zoe's Ark workers get hard labor 
* French nurse falls ill during trial in Chad
* French aid workers were 'saving lives,' not kidnapping: lawyer
* Chad charges aid workers with kidnapping
ALI PROJECT

**ALI PROJECT** is a Japanese musical group. The members of this group are Arika Takarano and Mikiya Katakura. They play an active role in Japanese animation. 

## Other websites 
*
Sulz

**Sulz** is the name for several concepts:

## Generally
**Sulz* or *Sülze* is the German name for head cheese. 
*In German, *Sulz* can refer to tripes.

## People with the name
*The Counts of Sulz were German nobility, can be traced AD 910 to 1687
*Serge K. D. Sulz, born 1946 is a German psychotherapist

## Places with the name
### Germany
*Sulz am Neckar, a town in Baden-Württemberg, near Rottweil

#### As a placename
*Sulz is a part of the city of Lahr
*Sulz is a part of the city of Wildberg, Baden-Württemberg
*Kloster Sulz (*Sulz abbey*) is a part of the city of Dombühl, Bavaria
*Sulz is a part of the city of Münster, Bavaria
*part of the village of Peißenberg, used to be known as *Bad Sulz*

### Austria
*Sulz im Weinviertel, Lower Austria
*Sulz, Vorarlberg
*Sulz im Wienerwald, Lower Austria
*Sulz (Deutschlandsberg), Styria
*Sulz (Sulztal), Styria

#### As a placename
*A part of the city of Weitra
*A part of the village of St. Margarethen an der Raab, Styria

### Switzerland
*Sulz, Aargau
*Sulz, Lucerne
*The German name of Soulce, Jura
#### As a placename
*A part of Rickenbach, Zürich
*A part of Künten, Aargau
*Soulce in the canton of Jura, Switzerland was formerly known as *Sulz*

## Others
*Sülz, a village in Silesia
*The German name of Soultz-Haut-Rhin in Alsace, France, *Sülz im Oberelsass*
Edward R. Murrow

**Edward R. "Ed" Murrow** (April 25, 1908 – April 27, 1965) was an
American journalist and television and radio figure. He first became known for a series of radio news broadcasts during World War II. These broadcasts were followed by millions of listeners in the United States and Canada. Many historians think he was one of journalism's greatest figures. Murrow hired the best war correspondents. He was known for his honesty and integrity in delivering the news. He was a pioneer of television news broadcasting.

Because he was a chainsmoker, Hurrow was almost never seen without his Camel cigarette. It was reported he smoked 60-65 cigarettes a day (roughly 3 packs). He later developed lung cancer and had a surgical operation to remove his left lung, where he lived for about two years. He later died in his home in Pawling, New York on April 27, 1965.

Murrow produced a series of TV news reports that helped lead to the censure of Senator Joseph McCarthy. He was portrayed by David Strathairn in the 2005 movie *Good Night, and Good Luck.*
Modernist literature

**Modernist literature** is the literary form of modernism. It does not mean "modern" in the sense of recent in time.

Literary modernism has its origins in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, mainly in Europe and North America. Modernism is characterized by a break with traditional styles of poetry and verse. Modernists experimented with literary form and expression. Ezra Pound's maxim was "Make it new". The horrors of the First World War had an effect. Thinkers such as Sigmund Freud and Karl Marx were influential. A good survey is the book of this title by Colin Wilson.

## References
## Other websites
*
Booker Prize

The **Booker Prize**, known in the past as the **Man Booker Prize** and the **Booker Prize for Fiction**, is a literary prize awarded each year for the best original full-length novel, written in the English language, by a citizen of either the Commonwealth of Nations or the Republic of Ireland.

To win the Booker Prize generally means to gain international success.

## Booker Prize winners
## Other websites
*The official website of the Man Booker Prize
*The most honoured Booker shortlisted books
*A primer on the Man Booker Prize and critical review of literature.
Dubliners

***Dubliners*** is a  of 15 short stories by James Joyce, an Irish writer. It was his first book and was first published in 1914.

The fifteen stories were supposed to describe very well the life of Irish people living in and around Dublin in the early years of the 20th century.

The stories in the collection are first told by children, and as the stories continue they deal with the lives of older people.  The last story, "The Dead", is the longest and the most famous.

The fifteen stories are, in order:
* The Sisters
* An Encounter
* Araby
* Eveline
* After the Race
* Two Gallants
* The Boarding House
* A Little Cloud
* Counterparts
* Clay
* A Painful Case
* Ivy Day in the Committee Room
* A Mother
* Grace
* The Dead
Artie Shaw

**Artie Shaw** (May 23, 1910 – December 30, 2004) was an American musician. He is considered to be one of the best jazz musicians of his time.  He was a jazz clarinet player, composer, and bandleader. He also wrote both fiction and non-fiction writings.

## Early life 
He was born **Arthur Jacob Arshawsky** in New York, New York. He began learning the saxophone when he was 15. By age 16 he began to tour with a band. He returned to New York City and became a session musician. During the Swing Era, his big bands were very popular with hits like "Begin the Beguine" and "Stardust".

## During the War 
During World War II he joined the U.S. Navy. He served in the Pacific theater as the leader of a service band (similar to Glenn Miller's wartime band in Europe). 

## Political problems 
In 1953, Shaw was brought up before the House Un-American Activities Committee for his leftist activities. The committee was investigating a peace activist organization, the World Peace Congress, which it considered a communist front.

## Writing career 
Throughout his musical career, Shaw would take time off. He would quit the music business and pursue his writing career. In 1955, Shaw stopped playing the clarinet. After that, he focused on writing, especially semi-biographical fiction.

## Legacy 
In 1981, he organized a new **Artie Shaw Band** with clarinetist Dick Johnson as bandleader and soloist. Shaw himself would guest conduct from time to time, ending his self-imposed retirement.

In 1991, Artie Shaw's band library and manuscript collection was donated to the University of Arizona. In 2004, he was presented with a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.

## Personal life and death 
Shaw was married eight times: Jane Cairns (1932); Margaret Allen (1934-37); Lana Turner (1940); Betty Kern (1941-43), daughter of songwriter Jerome Kern; Ava Gardner (1945-46); *Forever Amber* author Kathleen Winsor (1946-48); Doris Dowling (1952-56) and Evelyn Keyes (1957-85). He had two sons by Kern and Dowling.

In his later years, Shaw lived and wrote in the Newbury Park section of Thousand Oaks, California. Shaw had adult onset diabetes. In December 2004, he died due to the disease at age 94.

## References
Good Night, and Good Luck

***Good Night, and Good Luck.***&nbsp;is an Academy Award-nominated American 2005 movie directed by George Clooney. It was written by Clooney and Grant Heslov and is set in 1953. It portrays the conflict between veteran radio and television journalist Edward R. Murrow and U.S. Senator Joseph McCarthy of Wisconsin, especially relating to the anti-Communist Senator's actions with the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations.

The movie, although released in black and white, was filmed on color film stock but on a grayscale set. It was later color corrected to black and white during post-production. It is about media responsibility. It also addresses what occurs when the media offer a voice of dissent against the government. The movie takes its title from the line with which Murrow routinely closed his broadcasts.

**Taglines:** *They took on the government with nothing but the truth*; *We will not walk in fear of one another.*

## Other websites 
*
Alle, Switzerland

**Alle** is a municipality of the district Porrentruy of the canton of Jura in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Asuel

**Asuel** is a municipality, in the new municipality of La Baroche and district Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.
Beurnevésin

**Beurnevésin** was a municipality in Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. On 1 January 2024, the former municipalities of Beurnevésin and Bonfol merged to form the new municipality of Basse-Vendline.

## References
## Other websites
Electronic component

An **electronic component** is a basic electronic element. Components can be connected together to make circuits. Components can be single items (resistor, transistor) or in more or less complex groups like integrated circuits (logic gate, resistor array).

## List of electronic components
### Wire
A thin metal conductor

### Cable
A flexible conducting electrical or optical link.
* **cable connector**: connector at either end of a cable.
* **cable matcher**: an impedance matching device that allows non-standard cable to be used with a particular device.
* **cable plant** = all the cables, connectors and patch panels within a building or office.
* **cabling** = cable as a material.
* **co-axial cable** = These cables are usually made of a conducting wire. Then there is some insulation, then there is another layer of conducting material. Finally there is the (insulating) mantle. Such cables are used as a high-frequency transmission line to carry a high-frequency or broadband signal. Because the electromagnetic field carrying the signal exists (ideally) only in the space between the inner and outer conductors, it cannot interfere with or suffer interference from external electromagnetic fields.
* **ribbon cable** = A flat, thin cable containing many parallel wires. Because of their shape, ribbon cables are ideal for situations where there isnt much space. They're used in  a computer to connect disk drives to the disk drive controllers.
* **type cable** = a specification for cable defined by IBM.

### Connector
A physical device with a number of metal contacts that allow devices to be easily linked together.
* **connector plug** = a device at the end of a fibre-optic or copper cable that receives and contains something.

### Switch
A mechanical or hard state device that can electrically connect or isolate two or more lines.

### Other 
* Resistor
* Capacitor
* Transistor
* Integrated circuit
* Diode
* MOSFET
* LED
* Inductor
* Vacuum tube
* Light Bulb

## Other websites 
*http://www.webopedia.com/
*http://whatis.techtarget.com/whome/0,289825,sid9,00.html 
*http://www97.intel.com/discover/JourneyInside/TJI_Intro/default.aspx
Bressaucourt

**Bressaucourt** is a municipality of the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the former municipality of Bressaucourt merged into the municipality of Fontenais.

## Other websites
South Uist

**South Uist** (Scottish Gaelic: *Uibhist-a-Deas*) is an island of the Outer Hebrides in Scotland. In the 2001 census it had a usually resident population of 1,818. There is a nature reserve and a number of sites of archaeological interest, including the only location in Great Britain where prehistoric mummies have been found. The population is about 90% Roman Catholic. The island, in common with the rest of the Hebrides, is one of the last remaining strongholds of the Gaelic language in Scotland. In 2006 South Uist, and neighbouring Benbecula and Eriskay were involved in  Scotland's biggest community land buyout to date. In the north west there is a missile testing range.

## Other websites 
* Iochdar.co.uk, a website about outdoor recreation in South Uist
* StorasUibhist.com, the official website of the community-owned South Uist Estate
* southuist.com
* Flags of the world - Hebrides
* An Gàrradh Mòr, Historic walled garden at Cille Bhrìghde
* Rocket launches at South Uist
* Corporal missile inaccuracy revealed, The Guardian Sept 6 2003
* Askernish Golf Club
* Daliburgh School 
* Google Maps:Rocket launch site
* Uist Online 
* Am Paipear Community Newspaper

## References
Space Shuttle Atlantis

**Space Shuttle Atlantis** (OV-104) is the fourth space shuttle run by NASA. It was named after a sailing boat used for ocean research by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute.

## References
Fogo, Cape Verde

**Fogo** (Portuguese for "fire") is a volcanic island in the Sotavento group of Cape Verde. It is the most prominent of the group, rising to nearly 3,000 m (10,000 ft) above sea level at Pico do Fogo.
Just

**Just** may refer to:
*Justice
*"Just", a song by Radiohead from the 1995 album *The Bends*
*Jordan University of Science and Technology
*Just Music, a record label
**Just Ella*, a book written by Margaret Peterson Haddix
*Just (band), a three-piece grunge band from Ireland

## People
*Hazel Just, a writer
*Paul Just, a German-Canadian pole vaulter
*Saint James the Just, an important person in early Christianity
Baroclinic

s cross in a baroclinic fluid (top). As density is related to temperature, on a surface map, isobars and isotherms cross too.]]
In fluid dynamics, **baroclinicity** is a measure of the stratification in a fluid. A baroclinic atmosphere is one for which the density depends on both the temperature and the pressure; contrast this with barotropic atmosphere, for which the density depends only on the pressure. In atmospheric terms, the barotropic zones of the Earth are generally found in the central latitudes, or tropics, whereas the baroclinic areas are generally found in the mid-latitude/polar regions.
Outer Hebrides

The **Outer Hebrides**, often called the **Western Isles**, make up an island chain off the west coast of Scotland. It is also a parliamentary constituency. The northern island is Lewis and Harris. South of Lewis and Harris is a series of islands, such as South Uist, Benbecula and North Uist. The Outer Herides includes a number of even smaller islands.

The isles form part of the Hebrides, and are separated from the Scottish mainland and from the Inner Hebrides by the stormy waters of the Minch, the Little Minch and the Sea of the Hebrides.  

Formerly the dominant language of the Islands, Scottish Gaelic remains spoken even though it has now been largely supplanted by English in some parts.

Sea transport is crucial and a variety of ferry services operate between the islands and to mainland Britain. 

## History 
The Western Isles became part of the *Suðreyjar* kingdom of the Norse, who ruled for over 400 years until sovereignty was transferred to Scotland by the Treaty of Perth in 1266. Control of the islands was then held by clan chiefs. 

## Geology & geography 
Most of the islands have a bedrock formed from ancient metamorphic rocks and the climate is mild and oceanic. The Gulf Stream runs nearby. The 15 inhabited islands have a total population of about 26,500 and there are more than 50 substantial uninhabited islands.

### Flora and fauna
Much of the archipelago is a protected habitat including both the islands and the surrounding waters. There are 53 Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) of which the largest are Loch an Duin, North Uist  at  and North Harris, which is  in extent.
]]
Loch Druidibeg on South Uist is a National Nature Reserve owned and managed by Scottish Natural Heritage. The reserve covers 1,677 hectares across the whole range of local habitats.

## Other websites 
**Historical footnote:** Many websites of the Outer Hebrides derive content from the Eolas Virtual Hebrides, website. Eolas went bankrupt in 2000 and the Eolas TV company became MacTV. The web design team became Reefnet and the content has largely found a home on GlobalGuide.Org. 

**Sites deriving partly from the original Virtual Hebrides**
*Hebrides.com Photographic website from ex-Eolas Sam Maynard
*Global Guide Hebrides  Content website from ex-Eolas Scott Hatton
*www.visithebrides.com Western Isles Tourist Board site from Reefnet
*Virtual Hebrides.com Content from the VH which went its own way and became Virtual Scotland.
*hebrides.ca Home of the Quebec-Hebridean Scots who were cleared from Lewis to Quebec 1838-1920's

**Other Outer Hebrides websites**
*
*Stornoway Port Authority 
*Comhairle nan Eilean Siar
*2001 Census Results for the Outer Hebrides 
*Visitor's guide to Stornoway 
*Hebridean-Life.com - a Guide to Living in the Outer Hebrides 

## Notes
Tropical Storm Alberto (1988)

**Tropical Storm Alberto** (also known as Hurricane Alberto) became a tropical storm farther north than any other Atlantic tropical cyclone. It was the first tropical storm of the 1988 Atlantic hurricane season. It started from a region of low pressure off of the coast of South Carolina on August 5. 

It quickly moved northeast. It became a tropical storm on August 7. It was about 60&nbsp;miles (95&nbsp;km) east of the Massachusetts island of Nantucket. 

Tropical Storm Alberto continued to move quickly, and struck the western area of Nova Scotia late on August 7. It lost its status as a tropical storm the next day when it reached north of Newfoundland. Alberto produced light rain and wind across its path. No damage came from it.

## References
1991 Halloween Nor'easter

The **1991 Halloween Nor’easter**, also known as the **Perfect Storm**, was an atypical nor’easter which was extratropical, absorbed one hurricane, and ultimately evolved into a small hurricane late in its life cycle. The unnamed hurricane of 1991 was the last tropical cyclone of the 1991 Atlantic hurricane season, and its  hurricane. By November 2, Atlantic Canada experienced the effects of a landfalling tropical storm. Damage totaled $208 million (1991 USD) and deaths climbed to 12 people. Most of the damage occurred while the storm was extratropical. The hurricane was the second costliest storm of the season, behind only Hurricane Bob.

## References
Nor'easter

A '''nor'easter** (also **northeaster''') is a big storm along the East Coast of the United States. A Nor'easter is called that because the winds in a Nor'easter come from the northeast, especially in the coastal areas of the Northeastern United States and Atlantic Canada. More specifically, it is a low pressure area whose center of rotation is just off the East Coast and whose leading winds in the left forward quadrant rotate onto land from the northeast. The precipitation pattern is similar to other extratropical storms. Nor'easters also can cause coastal flooding, coastal erosion, hurricane force winds, and heavy snow.
Nor'easters are associated with warm fronts, cold fronts, or occluded fronts.
Nor'easters can occur at any time of the year but are mostly known for their presence in the winter.
Nor'easters can be devastating and damaging, especially in the winter months, when most damage and deaths are from the cold. Nor'easters bring very cold air down from the Arctic. Nor'easters thrive on the converging air masses; that is, the polar cold air mass and the warmer ocean water of the Gulf Stream. Nor'easters will usually develop between 30° N. and 35° N.

## References
Nantucket, Massachusetts

**Nantucket** is an island 30 miles (48.3&nbsp;km) south of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in the United States. It is both a town and a county (**Nantucket County**).
Cape Hatteras

relocation.]]
**Cape Hatteras** is a cape on the coast of North Carolina.  It is the point that protrudes the farthest to the southeast along the northeast-to-southwest line of the Atlantic coast of North America, making it a key point for navigation along the eastern seaboard.  So many ships have been lost around it that the area is known as the "Graveyard of the Atlantic".  The nearby shoals are known as **Diamond Shoals**.

The Cape Hatteras Lighthouse is a well known feature on Cape Hatteras.  It was built in 1870 and it is the tallest brick lighthouse in the United States.

## Climate
## Notes and references
### Notes
### References
## Other websites
* National Park Service: Cape Hatteras National Seashore
* Graveyard of the Atlantic Museum
2006 Nova Scotia tropical storm

The **2006 unnamed tropical storm** was a short-lived tropical cyclone. It was the second tropical storm of the 2006 Atlantic hurricane season. It formed as an extratropical cyclone, a type of weather system, to the southeast of Nantucket, Massachusetts. It then moved to the northwest over warm water temperatures. It turned into a tropical storm on July 17, when an area of thunderstorms formed near the center of the cyclone. The storm quickly reached peak winds of 50&nbsp;mph (85&nbsp;km/h). It moved into cooler waters and began to lose strength. On July 18, it died out, and what was left of the storm moved across Newfoundland. Because the storm was weak, no damage happened.

## Storm history
A cold front moved off the east coast of the United States late on July 13. While it was over the western Atlantic Ocean, it stopped moving. The front then died out, but it left behind two areas of low pressure. The southern one was about 200&nbsp;miles (320&nbsp;km) to the south of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. The northern weather system was about 290&nbsp;miles (470&nbsp;km) to the south-southeast of Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The storm lost a large amount of strength before it moved over Newfoundland. Because of this, there was no damage.

## Related pages
* 2006 Atlantic hurricane season

## References
## Other websites
* NHC Tropical Cyclone Report
Martha's Vineyard

is roughly triangular in shape and is approximately 20.5 miles (33 kilometers) in length.]]
'''Martha's Vineyard''' (and the smaller Chappaquiddick Island nearby) is an island off the southern coast of Cape Cod, both forming a part of the Outer Lands region. It is often called just "the Vineyard".  With a land area of 87.48 square miles (231.75 km²), Martha's Vineyard is the 57th largest island in the United States.  It is located in the U.S. state of Massachusetts, in Dukes County, which also includes Cuttyhunk and the other Elizabeth Islands, as well as the island of Nomans Land.

Image:Grange Hall, 2010, West Tisbury MA.jpg|Grange HallWest Tisbury
Image:Gay Head Light - USA MA.jpg|Gay Head LightAquinnah
Image:OnTimeFerry222001.jpg|Chappy FerryEdgartown
Nags Head, North Carolina

**Nags Head** is a town in Dare County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 3,168 at the 2020 census.

## References 
## Other websites
* Official website of Nags Head, NC
* Web cam of Nags Head, NC – East 
* Web cam of Nags Head, NC – West 
* Nags Head MLS
New Haven, Connecticut

**New Haven** is the second largest city in Connecticut, after Bridgeport, with a population of 134,023 at the 2020 census. "New Haven" may also refer to the wider Greater New Haven area, which has nearly 600,000 inhabitants in the immediate area. It is in New Haven County, on New Haven Harbor, on the northern shore of Long Island Sound.

The trial for the mutiny of the slave ship *Amistad* took place in New Haven.

## References 
## Other websites 
* City of New Haven official Web site 
* 
* Historical New Haven Digital Collection
* "Who Really Ruled in Dahl's New Haven?"  by G. William Domhoff — examination of power structures in New Haven and Yale in the 1960s
* The New Haven Independent neighborhood-based online newspaper
* Yale Daily News - student-run daily newspaper with New Haven coverage
* NewHavenWeb - A Comprehensive Online Directory of New Haven
East Coast of the United States

The **East Coast of the United States**, is the Atlantic coastline of the United States. It is also called the "Eastern Seaboard" or "Atlantic Seaboard". 

The coastal states are the farthest eastern states of the United States. These states touch the Atlantic Ocean all the way up to Canada. Sometimes people use it to mean only the Northeastern United States. Other times they mean the thirteen original states plus Maine, Washington, D.C. and Florida.
The East Coast has a long history. It was where the first English settlers arrived in the 1600s. Over time, cities grew, and it became a center for trade and culture. Today, cities like New York, Washington D.C., and Boston are very famous.

The region has many different landscapes. There are sandy beaches, rocky shores, and green forests. The weather can change a lot—summers can be hot, and winters can be cold. People enjoy visiting places like Florida for the warm sun or Maine for the beautiful fall colors.

Many people live and work on the East Coast. It has some of the largest cities in the U.S. and many important businesses. It is also home to famous universities, government buildings, and historical sites.

Overall, the East Coast is a special part of the United States. It has a rich history, diverse nature, and many exciting places to visit. Whether people live there or travel there, they find something interesting to enjoy.
Port Jefferson, New York

**The Incorporated Village of Port Jefferson** is in the town of Brookhaven in Suffolk County, New York. It is on the North Shore of Long Island. As of the United States 2020 census, 7,962 people lived there. The small town is home to several unique restaurants and shops, and has a growing tourism industry.

## References
Plymouth, Massachusetts

**Plymouth** (historically known as **Plimouth** and **Plimoth**) is a town in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, United States. It is the largest municipality in Massachusetts by area. The population was 61,217 at the 2020 census. Plymouth is one of two county seats of Plymouth County, the other being Brockton. It is named after Plymouth, England, which is, in turn, named for the mouth of the river Plym.  Plymouth was first settled by the Pilgrims in 1620.  The first Thanksgiving was held there.  It was the capitol of Plymouth Colony from 1620 until 1691, when it became part of Massachusetts.  Plymouth was an important port in the 18th and 19th centuries.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* Destination: Plymouth tourism site 
* Plymouth Town Website 
* Wicked Local Plymouth
Carcinogen

is a carcinogen. The roof of this house is made of asbestos.]]
. Benzene is a carcinogen]]
, a kind of mould, produces Aflatoxin B1, which is a carcinogen.]]

**Carcinogens** are substances that cause cancer. Sometimes radiation or radionuclide are also considered carcinogens. A common example of a carcinogen is tobacco smoke.  Carcinogens come from both natural and man-made substances.

## Carcinogens in radiation
Several radioactive substances are considered carcinogens. The carcinogens in them are caused by the radiation they release, such as gamma rays or alpha particles. 

CERCLA says that all radionuclides are carcinogens. How much of a carcinogen a radiation is depends on the type of radiation, the type of exposure to it and its penetration. For example, alpha radiation has low penetration and is not a danger outside the body. Alpha radiation is a carcinogen when breathed in or eaten.

Thorotrast, previously used in x-rays, is a human carcinogen. Marie Curie, one of the pioneers of radioactivity, died of a cancer that was caused by the radiation she was exposed to during her experiments.

Not all types of electromagnetic radiation are carcinogenic. Radio waves, microwave radiation, infrared radiation, and visible light are examples of this. Higher-energy radiation, including ultraviolet radiation, usually *is* carcinogenic, if a person is exposed to it long enough.

## Carcinogens in food
Recent research has shown that when food is cooked at high temperatures, carcinogens may be formed in very small amounts. Pre-cooking meats in a microwave oven for 2-3 minutes before broiling shortens the time on the hot pan. This could help stop the carcinogens from being made. Certain kinds of foods, like potato chips and French fries, may have higher levels of carcinogens than others. The charred residue on barbecued meats is a carcinogen, too.

This does not mean eating cooked foods is dangerous. The gastrointestinal tract sheds its outer layer continuously to protect itself from cancer. Because of this, it has a good chance of shedding bad enzymes that could cause cancer.

## Related pages
* Radiation
* Cancer
* Sickness

## References
## Other websites 
* U.S. National Toxicology Program's Report on Carcinogens
* Recognized Carcinogens 
*American Cancer Society 
*Information on Carcinogens
Buix

**Buix** is a former municipality of the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. On 1 January 2009 the former municipalities of Buix, Courtemaîche and Montignez merged into the new municipality of Basse-Allaine.
Fire Island, New York

**Fire Island** is a barrier island, approximately 31 miles (49.5&nbsp;km) long and varying between approximately 0.1 mile (0.16&nbsp;km) to 0.5 mile (0.8&nbsp;km) wide, in Suffolk County on the southern side of Long Island in the U.S. state of New York, running approximately WSW to ENE. The land area is 48&nbsp;km² (18.7 sq mi) and a permanent population of 777 persons was reported as of the 2020 census.  (There are many thousands of seasonal residents.)

The Cherry Grove and Fire Island Pines hamlets of Fire Island have been known as a popular gay village.

## References
## Other websites 
* Fire Island National Seashore
* Fire Island Travel Guide
Woods Hole, Massachusetts

**Woods Hole** is a census-designated place and village within the town of Falmouth in Barnstable County, Massachusetts, at the extreme southwest corner of Cape Cod, near Martha's Vineyard and the Elizabeth Islands.

## References
## Other websites
Courchavon

**Courchavon** is a municipality of the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.

Courchavon is also famous for its Swiss chocolate.

## References 
## Other websites
Xenogears

***Xenogears*** is a Japanese role-playing video game developed and published by Square for the PlayStation.

## References
2001: A Space Odyssey (movie)

***2001: A Space Odyssey*** is a 1968 science fiction movie. It was directed by Stanley Kubrick. It was written by Kubrick and Arthur C. Clarke. The movie deals with human evolution, technology, artificial intelligence, and extraterrestrial life.  The science aspects in the movie seem very real. It had new special effects. It used images and sound to show meaning and did not use much talking.  The music at the beginning is the start of a symphonic poem by Richard Strauss called "Also Sprach Zarathustra".

It received some good and some bad reviews when it was released. Now *2001: A Space Odyssey* is recognized by critics as one of the greatest movies ever made; a sample of critics in 2002 placed it among the top ten movies of all time. It was nominated for four Academy Awards, and it was given an award for visual effects. In 1991, it was thought to be "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" (i.e. important for culture, history and aesthetics) by the United States Library of Congress and was chosen to be kept in their National Film Registry.

## References
Metal Gear

***Metal Gear*** is an action-adventure stealth video game franchise made by Konami.

The main character for the series is Solid Snake. He is a soldier who does sneaking (hiding) missions by himself, much like James Bond. He is a clone of a famous soldier named Big Boss. The games have a large amount of story about these two men and the things that happen to them. Many players say the games are like watching a James Bond movie or reading a book about spies.

The series is named after a type of robotic tanks for each games, whom Snake destroys each of them.

The latest game, Metal Gear Survive, was made for Playstation 4, Xbox One and PC.

## Games
MSX:

* *Metal Gear*
* *Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake*

Nintendo Entertainment System:

* *Metal Gear*

For PlayStation:

* *Metal Gear Solid*
* *Metal Gear Solid: VR Missions*

For PlayStation 2:

* *Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty*
* *Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater*

For Game Boy:

* *Metal Gear Solid: Ghost Babel*

For GameCube:

* *Metal Gear Solid: Twin Snakes*

For PlayStation Portable:

* *Metal Gear Acid*
* *Metal Gear Acid 2*
* *Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops*
* *Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops Plus+*
* *Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker*

For PlayStation 3:

* *Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots*

## Other websites
* The Metal Gear Wiki
Deus Ex (video game)

***Deus Ex*** is a video game available on the personal computer. It is a first person shooter. The game is about a conspiracy in the future that involves the Illuminati and artificial intelligence.

The player plays as J.C. Denton, a cyborg who has to deal with problems like robots, men, and bombs. Denton has a brother and many employers. He has skills in the game that increase when goals are completed. For instance, if he needs to sneak up on men in the Army, the player might use a ventilationshaft and gain extra points, which can then be used like money to buy better aim with a pistol.

*Deus Ex* came out in 2000. It tried to say things about philosophy, knowledge, terrorism, and other things, much like *The Matrix*. It is widely regarded as one of the best computer games and video games of all time. 

## Other websites 
* Official  page on Eidos site
Charmoille, Switzerland

**Charmoille** was a municipality, in the new municipality of La Baroche and the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.
Ulysses (novel)

***Ulysses*** is a novel by James Joyce. The complete book was first published in 1922, although parts of it had appeared earlier. It was an early example of "stream of consciousness" writing. This attempts to give the written equivalent of the character's thought processes, either in a loose interior monologue (see below), or in connection to his or her actions. Stream-of-consciousness writing is usually regarded as a special form of interior monologue.

The story takes place on 16 June 1904, and is about a man named Leopold Bloom, who walks around Dublin. The book also tells the story of Molly Bloom, his wife, and of Stephen Dedalus, a school teacher.

The book became famous for several reasons, but mainly because it is written in a new this style. The book is now thought to be important modernist literature. Many professors and teachers teach this book in universities and colleges.

## Background 
Joyce first encountered Odysseus in Charles Lamb's *Adventures of Ulysses* - an adaptation of the *Odyssey* for children. This seemed to establish the Greek name in Joyce's mind. At school he wrote an essay on Ulysses as his 'favourite hero'. Joyce told Frank Budgen that he considered Ulysses the only all-round character in literature. He thought about calling *Dubliners* by the name *Ulysses in Dublin*, but the idea grew from a story in *Dubliners* in 1906, to a 'short book' in 1907, to the vast novel which he began writing in 1914.

## Related pages
*Le Monde's 100 Books of the Century

## Other websites 
*
*A brief satirical summary of Ulysses with illustrations 
*A large website discussing Ulysses 
*The text of Joseph Collins's 1922 New York Times review of Ulysses
*A hypertextual, self-referential, complete edition of *Ulysses* 
*Daedalus and Odysseus: Two Mythic Heroes Influencing Fatherhood as Represented in James Joyce’s *Ulysses* 
*Group audio recording of novel
Currituck Beach Lighthouse

The **Currituck Beach Light** is a lighthouse in Corolla, North Carolina, on the Outer Banks.

## Other websites
* Currituck Beach Light
Gunpei Yokoi

, also romanized as **Gumpei Yokoi**, was a video game designer for Nintendo. He created the Game Boy and produced the *Metroid* series of video games. He was also a mentor to Shigeru Miyamoto. Yokoi's last invention, the Virtual Boy, was not a success. He left Nintendo and started a company called Koto Laboratory. His main product idea at this company was the WonderSwan, which came out in 1999, two years after he died.

## References
Finnegans Wake

***Finnegans Wake*** is the last book written by the Irish writer James Joyce. It was published in 1939.

He started to work on this book in 1924 and published parts of it under the titles "A New Unnamed Work" and "Work in Progress".  He did not complete until seventeen years later, in 1939.  During this time he faced many hardships, such as having no money, eye problems and family problems.

*Finnegans Wake* is a very hard book to read, even for people who read a lot of literature, because Joyce uses several languages and creates new words that come from combinations of old and new English and other languages as well. 
 
It can be understood as the story of Humphrey Chimpden Earwicker and his family. But it is an experiment more than a story.

## Related pages
*Quark
*Stream of consciousness writing

## Other websites
**Finnegans Wake* Extensible Elucidation Treasury (FWEET)

*Etext of *Finnegans Wake* 
*Annotated version of *Finnegans Wake*
*Online shorter *Finnegans Wake* 
*Online *really* short *Finnegans Wake*
*Editions of *Finnegans Wake*
*The James Joyce Scholars' Collection includes etexts of several works of Wakean scholarship.
*Finnegans Wiki, an ambitious project to Wiki the *Wake*
*"Icon O Graphing Finnegans Wake" is a visual fable based on James Joyce’s novel "Finnegans Wake" by Toronto artist Boris Dimitrov.
*Terence McKenna lecture 'Surfing Finnegan's Wake' 
*"Genesis, Geniuses, and Guinesses," *The Common Review*, Fall 2005, pg. 58: a pop-culture gloss for effective reading, with headings based on Nirvana's "Smells Like Teen Spirit" 

## References
A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man

***A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man*** is a novel written by the Irish writer James Joyce. It was first printed as a book in 1916. It tells the story of Stephen Dedalus, a young man who is trying to be a writer in Dublin. The story begins from his childhood and ends with him deciding to go to Paris and leave Dublin, his hometown, to become a writer.

The book is written in a new style of writing called stream of consciousness. Therefore, the beginning of the book is very simple while the later parts become less simple. It shows how, when a person grows up, the language he or she uses becomes more and more complex.

## Other websites 
* 
* Searchable, self-referential edition of *Portrait*, with concordance 
* SparkNotes study guide
* The Literature Network
* Bibliomania
* Google Earth Placeset for *A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man*
VIS Interactive

**VIS Interactive** was a video game company by WB Interactive. It was formed in 1996 by Chris van der Kuyl and Peter Baillie. The company also provided interactive content for Interactive Digital Television ("iTV") and broadband. VIS entertainment plc consisted of VIS Games and associated companies Axis Animation and VIS iTV. The company had over 100 employees.

On April 7, 2005, VIS filed for bankruptcy. Later in the month, all development work was cancelled and assets were sold to other developing companies.

## References
Freerunning sleep

**Freerunning sleep** can be sleep which is not adjusted, *entrained*, to the 24-hour cycle in nature.  Sleep which is entrained to 24 hours but is not artificially regulated by alarm clocks etc. can also be called freerunning sleep.

## Scientific experiments 
Animals which are kept in a laboratory for research in *constant conditions*, that is in constant light or constant dark, will *freerun*.  They live by their built-in circadian rhythms.  Each day will be a little bit shorter or a little bit longer than 24 hours.  It will be shorter if the animal's natural cycle is less than 24 hours long.  The animals sleep and are active as usual, but their timing gets to be farther and farther off.

Scientists let the animals freerun and then do experiments to see what sort of signals are most effective at entraining them.  They also experiment to see how long or short a cycle that animal can be entrained to.  Some animals can be entrained to a 22-hour day, but they can not be entrained to a 20-hour day.

Light is the most effective signal.  Some animals are quite easily entrained by the timing of meals.  Exercise is a signal for some animals. Heat is not effective.

Sometimes  stay in a laboratory for a few days in very low light without any knowledge of the time.  Such experiments show that adults, both older and younger, have a circadian cycle which is 24 hours and 11 minutes, on average.

## People freerunning 
### Illness 
Some people have a condition, a circadian rhythm sleep disorder, which makes them freerun all the time, even if they get out into daylight and eat regular meals.  Many of these people are blind, but some of them can see.  They have a long  circadian cycle and they do not entrain.  Scientists do not yet know why.

### Intentional freerunning 
Some people believe they will be more healthy if they do not sleep on a regular schedule.  They try to go to bed only when they are sleepy. They do not use alarm clocks.  They call this freerunning, but since they are exposed to daylight and dark, it's not the same as freerunning as the scientists use the term.
List of social democratic parties

This is a list of parties in the world that consider themselves to be upholding the principles and values of social democracy. Some are also members of the Socialist International.

## Names used by social democratic parties
* Socialist Party
* Social Democratic Party
* Democratic Socialist Party
* Labour Party
* Social Democratic Union

## Alphabetical list
## References
## Other websites
*Social Democratic Parties