Japanese tea ceremony

The **Japanese tea ceremony** (called **cha-no-yu**, **chado**, or **sado**) is a special way of making green tea (matcha 抹茶).  It is called the Way of Tea. It is a Japanese cultural activity involving the ceremonial preparation and presentation of matcha, powdered tea. People who study the tea ceremony have to learn about different kinds of tea.  They also have to learn about kimono (Japanese clothes), flowers, and many other things. It takes much practice to learn the tea ceremony.  

## History
Tea came to Japan from China in about 900 CE. Tea became very popular in Japan, and Japanese people started to grow tea in Japan.

In the 12th century, *matcha* (green tea powder), became popular. This tea comes from the same plant as black tea.  

By the 16th century, all people in Japan, rich people and poor people, liked drinking tea. A man called Sen no Rikyu started teaching the ceremony. Many years have passed, but people still make tea the same way that Sen no Rikyu taught. Many schools of Japanese tea ceremony exist now (**omote-senke**, ** ura-senke**, etc.), and each school teaches in a slightly different way.

## Materials needed
People need many different things for a tea ceremony:

***Tea bowl** (called **chawan** ).  In a tea ceremony, people drink tea out of bowls instead of cups.  Some bowls that people use are over 400 years old. 

***Tea scoop** (called **chashaku** ).  A scoop is a kind of spoon.  Tea scoops are made from bamboo.  They are used to put tea into the tea bowl.  Large scoops are used to put tea into the tea caddy (see below).

***Whisk** (called **chasen** ).  A whisk is like a brush made from wire.  People use it to mix tea.  Tea whisks are made from bamboo.  

***Tea caddy** (called **natsume** or **cha-ire** ).  A tea caddy is a special container that people put green tea powder in.  There are two kinds of tea caddies: natsume and cha-ire.  Natsume are short and have a flat lid and a round bottom.  They are made of wood. Sometimes natsume is called **cha-ki**. Cha-ire are tall and thin, and are made of ceramic.  Natsume and cha-ire are used in different ceremonies. Making weak tea (called **usu-cha**) needs natsume, and making strong tea (called **koi-cha**) needs cha-ire. 

***Napkin** (called **fukusa** ).  A fukusa is a special square cloth made out of silk.  It is used to symbolically purify the tea scoop and tea caddy.  

***Ladle** (called **hishaku** ).  The kind of ladle used is made of bamboo. There is a cup-like part attached to a long handle. 

***Water jar** (called **mizusashi** ).  Hot water in an iron pot is not fully after making tea, so a person who made tea must add water. A mizusashi holds water for it.

***Waste-water container** (called **kensui** ).  When a tea bowl and a whisk are washed before and after making tea, the water used for washing is put in a kensui.

***Iron pot** (called **kama** ).  A kama holds hot water. During tea ceremony, water is kept on boiling with charcoal. 

***Tea** (called **matcha** ). The tea used in the Japanese tea ceremony is pulverized green tea, which is made into a drink during the ceremony by putting some in the tea bowl, adding hot water, and mixing this with the whisk.

## Tea ceremony
People do the tea ceremony in a special tea room or a special building called a *cha-shitsu*. Most people wear kimonos.

When people go into the tea room they take off their shoes and sit on special floor mat called a tatami.

Cha-shitsu often are very small. The guests (the people who go to the tea ceremony) sometimes eat food and drink special Japanese wine called sake.  Before they drink the matcha (green tea) they eat something sweet. 

The host (the person who does the tea ceremony) symbolically purifies the tea bowl and the other tea things. Then he or she puts some green tea powder into the tea bowl. The host mixes the tea with hot water. He or she mixes it with a whisk. The guests drink tea from the bowl.

When everyone has finished drinking tea, the host cleans everything and puts them away. Then the guests leave.

A tea ceremony can take from about twenty minutes to about four hours.

File:Japanese tea ceremony 20100502 Japan Matsuri 18.jpg|Tea served
File:Black Raku tea bowl Amadera.jpg|Teacup
File:Ro and Kama.jpg|Fireplace
File:Mizuno Toshikata Ceremonie The.jpg|An old painting
File:Unryuin Kyoto05bs4592.jpg|View of the garden
File:Casual tea set@Japan.jpg|Casual tea set
File:Adachi Museum of Art11s3.jpg|Tea garden
File:Outdoor Tea Ceremony.jpg|Woman wearing kimono prepares tea.
File:Chashitsu w Uji.JPG|Inside the teahouse
File:Tea tools on daisu.jpg|Tea tools
File:Three piece matcha set.jpg|Tea and tea tools
File:Maiko Mamehana preparing teacups.jpg|A Maiko preparing teacups 

## Related pages
* The Book of Tea

* 
* , for information about the tea itself

* 

## References
## Other websites
*Homepage of "Introduction: The Art of Tea" in Urasenke Seattle 

## English books about the ceremony
*Okakura Kakuzo.  *The Book of Tea*.  Tokyo, Japan: Tuttle, 1977.
*Tanaka, S. *The Tea Ceremony*. New York: Harmony Books, 1977.
*Morgan Pitelka, ed. *Japanese Tea Culture: Art, History, and Practice*. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003.
*Sadler, A.L. Cha-No-Yu: *The Japanese Tea Ceremony*. Tokyo: Tuttle, 1962.
*Freeman, Michael. *New Zen: the tea-ceremony room in modern Japanese architecture*. London, 8 Books, 2007