open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Electrical generator

A **generator** usually means a machine that makes electrical energy. It has a generator head with wires, spinning inside a magnetic field. The resulting electromagnetic induction makes electricity flow through the wires. Hybrid electric vehicles carry a generator powerful enough to make them go. The biggest generators don't go anywhere; they stay in power stations.

Different things can be used to make the generator head spin. Some small ones are cranked by someone's arms or legs. Bigger ones are connected to an engine. The biggest ones use a steam turbine or hydroelectric water power. Some use wind power. Whatever makes it turn, the generator converts this energy into electrical energy.

Some portable generators have an internal combustion engine. They are harmful when used indoors because they make carbon monoxide.

## Components
Simple generators have:
*a rotor, which is the moving part of the generator
*an axle
*a magnet
*brushes

Some kinds have:
*a commutator, which is a switch that reverses the current
*a power supply to start the generator

## Related pages
* Electricity
Inert gas

An **inert gas** is a gas that does not usually react chemically with other things. Examples of inert gases are nitrogen (N2) and helium. 

An inert gas made of separate atoms of one element is called a noble gas. Inert gases can also be made of more than one atom together. They can be gases of molecules or mixtures of gases of elements.

Inert gases are used in several ways. A gas made from nitrogen is used to keep vegetables from spoiling when they are transported. Other inert gases are used in welding. They are put into gasoline tanks to help prevent explosions.
Emperor Gaozu of Han

**Emperor Gaozu of Han** (, 256 BC or 247 BC – 195 BC) was the founder of Han Dynasty. He ruled China from 202 BC until 195 BC. His name was **Liu Bang** () and **Ji** () was his courtesy name. He was born in Feng County. After defeating his enemy Xiang Yu, Liu Bang ruled China and became the first emperor of Han Dynasty. Emperor Wen of Han, Liu Bang's son, was the second emperor of the Han Dynasty.

## Life
One day, Liu Bang's mother slept near the river bank. Suddenly, thick clouds darkened the sky and it thundered. Liu Bang's father, Liu Taigong, felt it strange and he worried over his wife's safety. He went to find his wife immediately. When Liu Taigong arrived, he saw a dragon sleeping on her body. After this incident, Liu Tai Gong's wife had a baby and Liu Bang was born soon.
Pelagianism

**Pelagianism** is a theory named after Pelagius, a Celtic Christian theologian. It is the belief that people are not born with original sin and that mortal will can still choose good or evil without divine aid. For that reason, Adam's sin was set as a bad example for those that came after him, but it had no other consequences. Jesus came to set a good example, much like Adam's bad example, but also to pay the price for sins. Pelagius believed that because people choose to sin, they are like criminals who need to be pardoned, not victims of an inherited sinful nature.

Pelagianism was condemned as heresy at the Council of Ephesus in 431 AD. However, some people believe that Pelagius was simply misunderstood. Today there are no known Pelagians, but there are people who follow Celtic Christianity tradition, which respects Pelagius as a good example.

## Related pages
*Fall of Man

## Other websites 
*Canons From The Council Of Carthage Against Pelagianism, May 1, 418 
*CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pelagius and Pelagianism
*Pelagians, Donatists, Monks, Anabaptists and other Perfectionists  - a sympathetic look at Pelagianism and similar 'perfectionist' movements
*Pelagius Library : Online site dedicated to the study of Pelagius
*Pelagianism: The Religion of Natural Man  - a critical look at Pelagianism
Imp

ing showing woman feeding imps]]
An **imp** is a mythological creature similar to a fairy or demon, usually described in folklore and superstition.

Imps are usually described as  more than a serious threat, and as lesser creatures, not important supernatural beings. The small helpers who attend the devil are sometimes described as imps. They are usually described as small and very active.

Imps were the common name given to familiar spirits that served witches in the Middle Ages. Imps were usually kept inside artifacts such as gemstone pieces or vials and summoned for service with magic. 

## Related pages
* Gremlin
* Goblin
* Kappa
Black British

]]
**Black British** are people who live in the United Kingdom that are Black.

The 2001 UK census says there were 4.2 million Black British people. They were 2.33% of the population of the England and Wales.  In the 2021 census  4% of people said they were Black, Black British, Black Welsh, Caribbean or African. That was 2.4 million people in England and Wales.

In the past, Black British used to mean any British person who was not Causasian, like British Asians, but people say that it was because of racism in England at that time.

## References
British Asians

**British Asians** are a group of people in the United Kingdom. British Asians are part of ethnic groups that come from Asia. Asians were 7% of the United Kingdom's population in 2011. The ancestors of most British Asians lived in South Asia. Many British Asians are British Indians, British Pakistanis, or British Bangladeshis, all from South Asia. Most of the others are British Chinese and British Japanese, both from East Asia. Others come from other countries in Asia.

After the crackdown on democracy in Hong Kong and the passage of the national security law in 2020 at least 144,000 people left Hong Kong and moved to the United Kingdom.

In the 2021 census  "Asian, Asian British or Asian Welsh" people were 9.3% (5.5 million) of the population of England and Wales. This was the largest percentage increase from 2011, when it was 4.2 million people.

## References
Philip Pullman

**Sir Philip Pullman** CBE FRSL (born Norwich, England, 19 October 1946) is an English writer. He is the best-selling author of *His Dark Materials*, a trilogy of fantasy novels, and a number of other books. In 2008, *The Times* named Pullman in its list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".One of the greatest books to come around in the 20th century

## Perspective on religion 
Pullman is a supporter of the British Humanist Association and an Honorary Associate of the National Secular Society. *New Yorker* journalist Laura Miller has described Pullman as one of England's most outspoken atheists, although Pullman describes himself as an agnostic.

On 15 September 2010, Pullman along with 54 other public figures signed an open letter, published in *The Guardian* newspaper, stating their opposition to Pope Benedict XVI  being given "the honour of a state visit" to the UK, arguing that he has led and condoned global abuses of human rights. The letter says "The state of which the pope is head has also resisted signing many major human rights treaties and has formed its own treaties ("concordats") with many states which negatively affect the human rights of citizens of those states".  Other signers included Stephen Fry, Professor Richard Dawkins, Terry Pratchett, Jonathan Miller and Ken Follet.

## Bibliography 
### Non-series books
*1972 *The Haunted Storm*
*1976 *Galatea*
*1982 *Count Karlstein*
*1987 *How to be Cool* 
*1989 *Spring-Heeled Jack*
*1990 *The Broken Bridge*
*1992 *The White Mercedes*
*1993 *The Wonderful Story of Aladdin and the Enchanted Lamp*
*1995 *Clockwork, or, All Wound Up*
*1995 ''The Firework-Maker's Daughter*
*1998 *Mossycoat*
*1998 *The Butterfly Tattoo* (re-issue of *The White Mercedes*)
*1999 *I was a Rat! or The Scarlet Slippers*
*2000 *Puss in Boots: The Adventures of That Most Enterprising Feline*
*2004 *The Scarecrow and his Servant*

### The New-Cut Gang
*1994 *Thunderbolt's Waxwork*
*1995 *The Gasfitter's Ball*

### Sally Lockhart
*1985 *The Ruby in the Smoke*
*1986 *The Shadow in the North* (first published as *The Shadow in the Plate*)
*1990 *The Tiger in the Well*
*1994 *The Tin Princess*

### His Dark Materials
*1995 *Northern Lights*, retitled *The Golden Compass* in the US
*1997 *The Subtle Knife*
*2000 *The Amber Spyglass*

#### Companion books
*2003 *Lyra's Oxford*
*2009 *The Book of Dust* 

### Plays
*1990 *Frankenstein*
*1992 *Sherlock Holmes and the Limehouse Horror*

### Non-fiction
*1978 *Ancient Civilisations*
*1978 *Using the Oxford Junior Dictionary''

## References
Ryūjin

**Ryūjin** (Japanese 龍神 "dragon god", also called **Rinjin** and Owatatsumi) was the god of the sea in Japanese mythology. He was a dragon, a symbol of the power of the ocean, had a very big mouth, and could transform into human shape. Ryūjin lived in Ryūgū-jō, his palace under the sea built out of red and white coral, from where he was believed to control the tides with magical *tide jewels*. Sea turtles, fish and jellyfish were Ryūjin's servants.

Ryūjin was the father of the beautiful goddess Otohime who married the hunter prince Hoori. The first Emperor of Japan, Emperor Jimmu, is said to have been a grandson of Otohime and Hoori's. This means, Ryūjin is believed to be one of the ancestors of the Japanese imperial dynasty.

A legend about Ryūjin is the story about how the jellyfish lost its bones. This story tells that once, Ryūjin wanted to eat monkey's heart, and sent the jellyfish to get him a monkey. The monkey managed to escape from the jellyfish by telling him that he had put his heart in a jar in the forest, and offered to go and get it. When the jellyfish came back and told Ryūjin what had happened, Ryūjin became so angry that he beat the jellyfish until its bones were all broken.

## Other websites 
* Ryūjin  at the *Encyclopedia Mythica*.
Takamagahara

**Takama-ga-hara** (Japanese: 高天原), literally "High Heaven's Plain" but usually translated as the "High Plain of Heaven," is a place in Japanese mythology. In Shinto, Takama-ga-hara is the place where the Kami live. The legends say it's connected to the Earth by the bridge *Ama-no uki-hashi* (the "Floating Bridge of Heaven"). In Shinto, when a kami is worshipped, it is  to leave Takama-ga-hara and enter a shrine.

## References 
* 
*
Salsa (dance)

**Salsa** is a type of dance of hispanic origin. 

Salsa as a dance can be seen in all the places mentioned. Unlike standard ballroom dancing, there is no clear agreement on how it should be danced, and the methods differ widely in detail. The teaching of salsa is also rather undeveloped. But, as a general guide, salsa dancing is rather like other dances from Cuba, such as the cha-cha-cha.

## References
Izumo Province

) with Izumo Province highlighted]]
 was an old province of Japan in the area of Shimane Prefecture on the island of Honshū. It was sometimes called . 

The province had borders with Iwami, Bingo and Hōki provinces.

In the 8th century, Matsue became the provincial capital city.

## History
, 1853]]
In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan and Izumo Province were reformed in the 1870s.

## Temples and Shrines
*Izumo taisha* was the chief Shinto shrine (*ichinomiya*) of Izumo.  

## Related pages
* Provinces of Japan
* Prefectures of Japan
* List of regions of Japan
* List of islands of Japan

## References
## Other websites
* Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Yomi

to the right; Izanami, ruler of Yomi, to the left.]]
**Yomi** (黄泉), the Japanese word for the underworld in which horrible creatures guard the exits. According to Shinto mythology as related in Kojiki, this is where the dead go to exist and  forever. When one eats at the hearth of Yomi it is impossible to return to the land of the living. 

## Overview 
Yomi is similar to Hades or Hell. In the Shintoist tradition, Yomi is known because Izanami retreated to that place after her death. Izanagi followed her there and when he returned, he washed himself, creating Amaterasu, Susanoo, and Tsukuyomi. (See Japanese mythology.)

Yomi is different from Christian Hell in that all souls go there, no matter their actions in life; and one does not receive punishment for evils made when alive. It is a dirty and polluted place. In Japanese tradition, pollution is usually associated to evil. By the tradition of Kojiki, Yomi is usually believed to be underground, and its entrance to be located in Izumo province. There is no knowledge about what happens to the souls when they go to the Yomi, whether they are punished or rewarded for their actions.

Yomi is ruled over by Izanami no Mikoto, the Grand Deity of Yomi (*Yomotsu-Ōkami* 黄泉大神).  According to Kojiki. The entrance to Yomi was blocked by Izanagi when he returned to Earth, using a great boulder (*Chibiki-no-Iwa* 千引の岩) at the base of the slope that leads to Yomi (*Yomotsu Hirasaka* 黄泉平坂).
Gospel music

**Gospel music** is a style of music.  It is often written to express personal or group belief, regarding Christianity. This music is used to praise, worship and thank God, Christ or the Holy Spirit. Perhaps the most famous gospel song is Amazing Grace.

## Common Themes
Many gospel songs are about heaven. Others tell about when the singer was saved. Gospel songs may be based on the feelings or experience of the writer. Gospel songs tend to be more personal than hymns. Hymns are often directed to God or telling about God.

## Types of Gospel Music
There are many types of gospel music. Some of them are spirituals, traditional, gospel blues, southern gospel, country gospel, bluegrass gospel and sacred harp. The way of singing is the main thing that is different. The message may be quite similar between the types.

## How Gospel Music is sung
Most types of gospel music have a typical way of being sung.  Traditional (Black) gospel often uses a large choir, with one or two soloists. Gospel blues were sung by a single singer with a guitar. Southern gospel is almost always sung by a quartet with a piano. Bluegrass gospel has a few singers with stringed instruments. Sacred harp is sung by a large group with no instruments. 

## Related pages
* Hymn
* Christian music
* Psalms

## References
Ame-no-Uzume

at the Ama-no-Uzume Shrine in Takachiho.]]
**Ame-no-Uzume-no-mikoto** (天宇受売命) is the Kami of dawn, happiness and joy in the Shinto religion of Japan. She is famous for her role in the tale of the sun goddess, Amaterasu.

Amaterasu's brother, the storm god Susano'o (須佐之男命), had vandalised her sacred buildings and killed her  because she refused to trust him. Amaterasu became so scared of his wrath that she went to hide into a cave, Ame-no-Iwato (天の岩戸). The world, without the light of the sun, became dark. The Oni (devils of Japanese mythology) came out to the dark world, and the gods could not make Amaterasu come out of the cave.

The intelligent Uzume took a small boat, turned it upside down near the cave entrance, and began a dance on it, tearing off her clothing in front of the other Kami. They thought this was so funny that they laughed happily.

Amaterasu heard them, and looked out to see why the gods were laughing. When she opened the cave, she saw her wonderful reflection in a mirror Uzume had put on a tree, and slowly came out of the cave.

At that moment, the god Ameno-Tajikarawo (天手力男命) closed the cave behind her, so she could not go back in. Another god tied a magic rope across the entrance. The sun goddess was then asked by the Kami Ame-no-Koyane (天児屋根命)  to go back with the gods. She agreed, and light came back to the earth.

Uzume is still worshipped today as a Shinto kami. She is also known as Ame-no-Uzume, *The Great Persuader*, and *The Heavenly Alarming Female*.

## Related pages 
* Ōmiya-no-Me

## Other websites 
* A substantial article on this subject 
* A one-paragraph glossary entry in Italian
Ninigi-no-Mikoto

**Ninigi no Mikoto** (瓊瓊杵尊) is in Japanese mythology the son of Ame no Oshihomimi no Mikoto, and grandson of Amaterasu, who sent him down to earth to plant rice there. He was the great-grandfather of Emperor Jimmu.

## Overview 
Amaterasu sent him to bring peace to Japan by bringing the three gifts from Heaven used by the emperor.  The sword, Kusanagi, the mirror, Yata no kagami, and the jewel, Yasakani no magatama.  These three gifts mean to the world that the emperor is the descendant of Amaterasu herself.

The tale of Ninigi no Mikoto being sent to earth is told in the Nihon Shoki.

## Family tree
Momotarō

doll of Momotarō]]
  is a popular hero from Japanese folklore. His name literally means *Peach Tarō*. Because *Tarō* is a common Japanese boy's name, it is usually translated as *Peach Boy*. *Momotarō* is also the name of several books, films, and other works that tell the tale of this hero.

The most common version of this tale (from the Edo period), tells Momotarō came to earth inside a giant peach. The peach was found floating down a river by an old woman without children who was washing clothes there. The woman and her husband found the child when they tried to open the peach to eat it. The child explained that he had been sent by Heaven to be their son. The couple called him Momotarō, from *momo* (peach) and *tarō* (oldest son in the family).

An older version of the story tells the old woman discover the giant, floating peach and take it home with her, as she finds it to be of good color and looking tasty. After eating a piece of the peach, the old woman is  and becomes young and beautiful again. When her old husband comes home from the hills, he is surprised to find a lovely young lady in his house. At first he does not even recognize his own wife in her new form, but she explains what happened to him. She then gives her husband a piece of the peach to eat, and he also becomes young again. That night, the couple makes love, and the woman becomes pregnant as a result. She later gives birth to their first child, a son, whom they name *Tarō*, as that is a common Japanese name for a first son. This version of the story is the oldest one that is written in old texts, but it appears to have been changed with the version without sex in school textbooks of the Meiji period. The peach is often seen as a symbol of sex or  in Japan, because its fruit is believed to be similar to a woman's buttocks.

Years later, Momotarō left his parents for an island called Onigashima to destroy the evil oni (demons or ogres) that lived there. On his way, Momotarō met and became friends with a talking dog, monkey, and pheasant, who agreed to help him in his mission. At the island, Momotarō and his animal friends entered the demons' fort and beat the demons' leader, Ura, and his army. Momotarō returned home with his new friends, and his family lived happily from then on.

## Related pages
* Japanese Folklore
* Urashima Tarō
* Kintaro
Preston

**Preston** is a city in North West England which is the county town of Lancashire. It is near the River Ribble. It became a city in 2002. This was the 50th year of Queen Elizabeth II's reign.

Chorley and Leyland are towns not far away from Preston. In 2001, a census said that there were 335,000 people living in Preston.
## History
In 1179, Preston was given a charter (document) which let the town's trader travel around the United Kingdom without paying tolls.

Preston Guild is held in Preston. The chief industry of Preston was formerly the making of cotton cloth. The Preston bypass (road around the city) was built in the 1950s. Among the important buildings in Preston are the Harris Museum, Art Gallery and Public Library, and the county council's headquarters. Preston railway station is an importance junction on the west coast main line; the M6 motorway connects Preston to Cumbria (northwards) and Cheshire (southwards).
## Sports
The football team in Preston is Preston North End F.C. which plays at Deepdale. They were the first team to be English football champions in 1889.

## Education
Preston is home to the University of Central Lancashire, established in 1828 and originally being called The Institution For The Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. It is one of the largest universities in the UK, having around 38,000 staff and students.

## References
British Chinese

**British Chinese**, also **Chinese British**, **Chinese Britons** or **British-born Chinese** (often informally referred to as **BBCs**), are people of Chinese ancestry who were born in or have moved to the United Kingdom. According to the 2001 census, there are 247,403 British Chinese people living in the United Kingdom, who make up almost 0.5% of the country's population.

## References
British African-Caribbean people

The **British African-Caribbean (Afro-Caribbean) community** are residents of the United Kingdom who are of British West Indian background and whose ancestors came first from Africa. Around 566,000 people fitted that description in 2001.  in the 2021 Census 623,119 people in England and Wales described themselves in this way.

These people are often called Black British.

## References
Onryō

**Onryō** (怨霊) is a Japanese ghost (*Yūrei*, 幽霊) who is believed to be able to return to the world of the living to seek revenge. Some onryō are male, mostly in Kabuki, but most of them are women. They usually suffer at the hands of their male lovers when they were alive, because they were weak, but they become strong in death.

In Japanese tradition, the spiritual world has Yomi (hell) on one side and the world of the living in the other. In the middle, there is a waiting area, like a purgatory, where spirits lie in doubt before moving on. Some spirits, especially those of murdered people, can go back to the world of the living, influenced by feelings of anger, sadness, or love.

Onryō and yūrei do not have a particular look. But the popularity of Kabuki in the Edo period meant that a costume was created to show what they look like. This usually included a white burial kimono, long and black, messy hair, and white and purple make-up. The influence of this image can be seen in modern movies about Onryō, like *Ring*.

## References 
*Iwasaka, Michiko and Toelken, Barre.  *Ghosts and the Japanese: Cultural Experiences in Japanese Death Legends*, Utah State University Press, 1994.  

## Other websites
*Tales of Ghostly Japan  *Japanzine* By Zack Davisson
*Japanese Ghosts *Mangajin #40* by Tim Screech
*Yūrei-ga gallery at Zenshoan Temple
M6

**M6** or **M-6** may mean:

In roads:

* M6 motorway, a motorway in the United Kingdom
* M6 Toll, a toll motorway in the United Kingdom that relieves traffic on the M6 motorway
* M6 (Ireland), a motorway-grade section of the N6 road in the Republic of Ireland
* M6 motorway (Hungary), a motorway in Hungary
* M-6 (Michigan highway), a state highway in southern Michigan
* Russian route M6 is another name for the Caspian Highway in Russia
Nurhaci

**Taizu Emperor** (, 1559 - 1626) was the founding father of the Qing Dynasty. His name was **Nurhaci** and Aisin Gioro was his surname. The reign name was Tian Ming. Nurhaci was Manchurian. He was also the creator of the Manchu alphabet.

## Life 
In 1580, Nurhaci became the Jianzhou general of the Ming Dynasty. He unified the Manchu tribe and organised the Eight Banners.

In 1616, Nurhaci declared himself **Khan** (King) and founded the Jin Dynasty in Liaoning.

In 1618, in order to encourage people to against the Ming Dynasty. Nurhaci wrote an article called the Seven Great Vexations and sent it to the public.

Form 1618 until 1622, Nurhaci led armies to against the Ming Dynasty. He successfully occupied 70 cities in the north-eastern part of China. The capital was changed to Liao Yang after several battles.

In 1622, Nurhaci's armies captured Guangning.

In 1626, Nurhaci led armies to attack the Ningyuan city. Unluckily, Nurhaci was wounded by Yuan Chonghuan's Portuguese cannon and he died 2 days later at a little town called De-A Man.
Susanoo-no-Mikoto

**Susanoo** (Japanese: 須佐之男命, *Susanoo-no-Mikoto*; also romanized as ''Susano'o*, *Susa-no-O*, and *Susanowo'') is the kami of the sea and storms in Shinto.

Susano'o is the brother of Amaterasu, the goddess of the sun, and of Tsukuyomi, the god of the moon. All three were created from Izanagi, when he washed his face to clean the dirtiness of Yomi, the underworld. Amaterasu was born when Izanagi washed out his left eye, Tsukuyomi was born from the washing of the right eye, and Susano'o from the washing of the nose.

The tales tell of great  between Susano'o and his sister. When he was to leave Heaven forever because Izanagi ordered him to, he went to say goodbye to his sister. Amaterasu, suspicious, proposed him a : each of them was to turn an object of the other's into people. Amaterasu created three women from Susano'o's sword while he created five men from her necklace. Amaterasu said the men were hers because they were born of her necklace. Susano'o destroyed her rice fields, threw a dead pony into her loom, and killed one of her assistants in anger. For this, Amaterasu, sad, angry and scared, went to hide inside Ama-no-Iwato, the *"heavenly rock cave"*, so the Sun was hidden and the world became dark for a long time.

Amaterasu later was made to come out of the cave, but Susano'o was punished by being banished from Heaven. He came down to the province of Izumo, where he met an old couple. Seven of their eight daughters had been eaten by the eight-headed serpent Yamata-no-Orochi and it was about to come for the eighth, Kushi-inada-hime. After the couple promised their daughter's hand in marriage to Susano'o, he agreed to kill Orochi. With the help of eight bowls of *sake* (one for each head), Susano'o cut the head off the monster when it was sleeping.

From one of Orochi's tails, Susano'o took out a sword, which he called *Ame-no-Murakumo-no-Tsurugi* ("Heaven's Cloud-Gathering Sword"), later known as the *Kusanagi-no-Tsurugi*. The sword was given to Amaterasu as a  gift and was later given to her descendant Ninigi (the great-grandfather of Emperor Jimmu), with the *Yata-no-Kagami* (a mirror) and *magatama* (sacred jewels) as proof of his divine right to rule on Earth (the three Imperial Regalia of Japan).

## Izumo 
Amaterasu's shrine is at Ise Shrine, and Susano'o's is in Izumo, where he came down to Earth when banished from heaven. Izumo is home to the oldest shrines in Japan.
## In popular culture 
In a Meitei language play named *Yamata Amasung Keibu Keioiba* (), the role of Susanoo was played by *Romario Thoudam Paona*. The play interweaves the stories of two legendary creatures, Yamata-no-Orochi of Japanese mythology and Keibu Keioiba of Meitei mythology (Manipuri mythology).

## References
Japanese dragon

riding a Japanese Dragon, painting by artist Utagawa Kunisada (1860).]]
A **Japanese dragon**, also known as  is a mythical animal from Japan.

Like other creatures called dragons, the Ryū is a big, fantastic animal that looks similar to a serpent, and is related to the Chinese *lóng* and the Korean *yong*. Like all these Asian dragons, it is shown without wings, has legs with claws, and usually lives in the ocean, the clouds, or heavens. Japanese dragons do not fly as often as the Chinese one, which is the reason why they usually appear much more like serpents. The *ryū* in art has only three toes, instead of the ''lóng's* five or the *yong's* four.

Japanese dragons usually live in the sea. This is because Japan is an island, and the sea is present in most of its geography.

*Ryū'' originated from China and is one of the four creatures from heavens of Japanese mythology (the other three are the phoenix, turtle and tiger). It has often been the symbol of the Emperor or of a hero.

## Dragons in Japanese mythology
In Japanese mythology, one of the first dragons is the Yamata-no-Orochi, a very big serpent with eight heads and eight tails. The serpent ate girls, and it was killed by Susanoo after Susanoo tricked the creature into becoming drunk on sake. Dragons are common in Japanese folklore typically in the Edo period (1603 - 1863), but Dragons (Ryu) appear in Japanese Stories back to the 8th century.

Dragons in later Japanese folklore were often good, perhaps because of influence from Chinese culture. In Urashima Tarō, the main character rescues a turtle which turns out to be the son of Ryūjin, the dragon king of the ocean.

## Related pages
* Japanese mythology
Flag of Switzerland

**Switzerland’s national flag** was adopted on December 12, 1889, which is one of the world’s oldest flags. The **Flag of Switzerland** is a red field, a white cross whose arms are one-sixth longer than their width. The relationship between the span of the cross and the width of the flag has not been established, but in practice the ratio is about 2:3 or 7:10.

## History
The Swiss cross on a red field ultimately derives from a similar banner of the Holy Roman Empire, and thus has strong Christian connotations. The Swiss flag traditionally stands for freedom, honour and fidelity. The motto "*Honor et Fidelitas*" was inscribed on the cross of several Swiss mercenary flags of the 18th century. In modern times, through association with consistent Swiss policy, the flag has also come to mean neutrality, democracy, peace and refuge.
## References
Japanese mythology

**Japanese mythology** is a system of beliefs that includes Shinto and Buddhist traditions. The Shinto religion alone has many *kami* (Japanese for "gods" or "spirits"). 

Most Japanese myths, as generally known today, are based on the *Kojiki*, *Nihonshoki* and some other books. The *Kojiki* or "Record of Ancient Things" is the oldest known book of myths, legends, and history of Japan. The *Shintoshu* explains origins of Japanese gods and goddesses from a Buddhist point of view while the *Hotsuma Tsutae* has a very different version of mythology.

One notable thing of Japanese mythology is that it explains birth of Amaterasu, the origin of the Imperial family, and assigned them divinity. The Japanese word for the Emperor of Japan, *tennō* (天皇), means "heavenly emperor".

## Related pages
* Izanagi
* Shinto
* Shinto shrine
* Kami
* Takamagahara
* Japanese divinities
Huang Taiji

**Huang Taiji** (; 1592 - 1643) was the emperor of Qing Dynasty. His surname was Aisin Gioro. His reign names were **Tian Cong** and **Chong De**. Huang Taiji was the eighth son of Taizu Emperor (Nurhaci). He reigned the Manchu trible from 1627 until 1643. 

## Life 
In 1612, Huang Taiji followed his father, Nurhaci, to attack Wu La. He was awarded *Beile*, a traditional title of Manchu nobility below prince. In 1616, he was ordered to deal with government affairs with another Beili, Dai Shan. Huang became the *Khan* (King) of the Manchu trible in n 1626.

In 1636, Huang took control of the southern part of Mongol, the north-eastern part of China and Korea. He started the Qing Dynasty. Huang Taiji died in 1643 of apoplexy.
Pheasant

**Pheasants** are a group of large birds in the order Galliformes. Males pheasants are usually larger and flashier than the females. They have feathers of bright colours and long tails. 

There are 35 species of pheasant in 11 different genera. Native pheasants are restricted to Eurasia. 

In many countries pheasant species are hunted, often illegally, as game. Several species are threatened by this and other human activities.

Chukar is the official *National bird* of Pakistan.

## Implications  
The fact is that "pheasant" is not the name of a particular bird. It is the common name for a type of bird which has independently evolved in many different places.

## References
*Beebe, William. 1918-22. *A Monograph of the Pheasants.* 1st edition in 4 volumes: H. F. Witherby, London. Reprint: 1990, Dover Publications.(4 volumes bound as 2).  and . Republished as: *Pheasants: Their Lives and Homes*. 2 vols. 1926. Single volume edition: New York Zoological Society, 1936.)
*Green-Armytage, Stephen. 2002. *Extraordinary Pheasants*.  Harry N. Abrams, Inc., New York.  .
* Madge and McGowan, *Pheasants, Partridges and Grouse*. 

## Other websites
* Birdlife International status page 
* Illinois State Academy of Science (ISAS) 
* Pheasants & Peafowl - Aviculture & Conservation 
* Pheasant videos on the Internet Bird Collection
* Pheasant Information and Photos - South Dakota Birds and Birding
* Pheasant Conservation
AOC

**AOC** can mean:

* AOC International
*Age of consent for sexual relationships
* Air Operations Center - United States Air Force command and control (C2) system
* Albanian Orthodox Church
* Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (born 1989), American politician
* Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain (born 1993), English footballer
* ''Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée'', a certification for French agricultural products
* Army Ordnance Corps, the predecessor of the Royal Army Ordnance Corps (RAOC) of the British Army
* Articles of Confederation
Galena (disambiguation)

**Galena** is a mineral and an important lead ore.

**Galena** could also mean:

*Places in the United States:
**Galena, Alaska
**Galena, Illinois
**Galena, Kansas
**Galena, Maryland
**Galena, Missouri
**Galena, Ohio
*Bodies of water in the United States:
**Lake Galena (Illinois)
**Lake Galena (Pennsylvania)
**Galena River (Illinois)
**Galena River (Indiana)
*USS *Galena*, United States Navy ships
*Ivax Pharmaceuticals, a company previously known as Galena.
Japanese folklore

**Japanese folklore** is the folklore of Japan. It is very influenced by Shinto and Buddhism, the two most important religions in the country. It usually includes humorous or strange characters and situations. It also includes many supernatural creatures, such as *kami* (gods and revered spirits), *yōkai* (monster-spirits) (like *oni*, *kappa*, and *tengu*), *onryō* (ghosts), dragons, and animals with supernatural powers like the *kitsune* (fox), *tanuki* (raccoon dog), *mujina* (badger), and *bakeneko* (transforming cat).

Japanese folklore is often divided into several categories: *"mukashibanashi,"* tales of long-ago; *"namidabanashi"*, sad stories; *"obakebanashi"*, ghost stories; *"ongaeshibanashi"*, stories of kindness; *"tonchibanashi"*, witty stories; *"waraibanashi"*, funny stories; and *"yokubaribanashi"*, stories of greed.

Some famous Japanese folktales and legends include:

*The story of Kintarō, the superhuman Golden Boy.
*The story of Momotarō, the hero Peach Boy.
*The story of Urashima Tarō, who rescued a turtle and visited the bottom of the sea.
*The story of Issun-Bōshi, the One-inch Boy.
*The story of the evil fox-woman Tamamo-no-Mae.
*The story of Hōmyō dōji who converts a king to Buddhist
*Shita-kiri Suzume, the story of the sparrow with its tongue cut off.
*The story of Kiyohime, who wanted revenge, and who became a dragon.
*Banchō Sarayashiki, the ghost story of Okiku and the Nine Plates.
*Yotsuya Kaidan, the ghost story of Oiwa.
*Kachi-kachi Yama, the story of an evil raccoon-dog and a heroic rabbit.
*Hanasaka Jiisan, the story of the old man that made the flowers bloom
*Kuchisake onna, the story of the slit mouthed woman.

## Related pages
*Japanese mythology

## References
Polytonality

**Polytonality** is the use in music of several keys at the same time.  Music such as this is called **polytonal**.

**Bitonality** is the use in music of two keys at the same time.  Music such as this is called **bitonal**.

Most traditional music is "in a particular key" e.g. in "C major" or in "D major" or in "D minor".  Music that is in C major uses the notes of a C major scale.

In 20th century some composers sometimes wrote music which is in more than one key at once.  A well-known example is the beginning of the second tableau of Igor Stravinsky's ballet, *Petrushka*. The first clarinet plays a melody that uses the notes of the C major chord, while the second clarinet plays a different version of the same melody using the notes of the F sharp major chord.

Composers who have used bitonality or polytonality include Igor Stravinsky, Darius Milhaud, Béla Bartók, Charles Ives and many others.
Mount Hiei

is a mountain that is northeast of Kyoto city. It is at the border between the Kyoto and Shiga prefectures, Japan.

Mount Hiei appeared in many folk tales in different centuries. Traditionally, people believed it to be the home of gods and demons of Shinto.

## References 
*John Stevens, "The Marathon Monks of Mount Hiei." Boston: Shambala, 1988 

## Other websites 
* Mount Hiei travel information at Wikivoyage
* Holly Schmid: Marathon Monks of Mount Hiei
* Photos of Mount Hiei and Enryakuji Temple
Gwen Stefani

**Gwen Renée Stefani Shelton** ( ; born October 3, 1969) is an American singer-songwriter and fashion designer. Stefani rose to fame as a member and lead vocalist of the band No Doubt, whose hit singles include "Just a Girl", "Spiderwebs", and "Don't Speak" from their studio album *Tragic Kingdom* (1995), as well as "Hey Baby" and "It's My Life" from later albums. During the band's hiatus, Stefani embarked on a solo pop career in 2004 by releasing her debut studio album *Love. Angel. Music. Baby.* Inspired by pop music from the 1980s, the album was a critical and commercial success. It spawned six singles, including "What You Waiting For?", "Rich Girl", "Hollaback Girl", and "Cool". "Hollaback Girl" reached number one on the *Billboard* Hot 100 chart while also becoming the first US download to sell one million copies.

**Gwen Renée Stefani** (born October 3, 1969) is an American singer, songwriter, fashion designer, actress and television presenter. She was born on October 3, 1969 in Fullerton, California. She was raised in Anaheim, California. She has millions of fans around the world. She is a member of the band No Doubt, and has also released two solo albums. One of her biggest hits is *Hollaback Girl*.

## Personal life 
On September 14, 2002 Gwen married Gavin Rossdale, the singer of Bush. They have three sons together, Kingston James McGregor Rossdale (born on May 26, 2006), Zuma Nesta Rock Rossdale (born on August 21, 2008), and Apollo Bowie Flynn Rossdale (February 28, 2014).  

On August 3, 2015, she filed for divorce from Rossdale, citing "irreconcilable differences" and their divorce was finalized on April 8, 2016.

Stefani says as a child she was diagnosed with dyslexia and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. On October 20, 2014, Stefani released the first single from her third album, "Baby Don't Lie".

As of 2017, Stefani is said to be dating her "The Voice" co-star Blake Shelton.

## Tours 
* 2005: Harajuku Lovers Tour 2005
* 2007: The Sweet Escape Tour

## Discography 
### Albums 
**Love. Angel. Music. Baby.* (2004)
**The Sweet Escape* (2006)
**This Is What the Truth Feels Like* (2016)
**You Make It Feel Like Christmas* (2017)

### Singles 
*Hollaback Girl (2005)

Music charts and singles:

### DVD 
*2006 Harajuku Lovers Live

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Meiji period

The , also known as the **Meiji era**, was a  after *Keiō* and before *Taishō.* This period started in September 1868 and ended in July 1912.  During this time, the emperor was . or "Enlightened Government".
* **1868** (*Meiji 1*): Meiji Restoration; the capital of Japan moved from Kyoto to Tokyo.

### Politics
* **1885** (*Meiji 18*): Ito Hirobumi became 1st Prime Minister
* **1888** (*Meiji 21*): Kuroda Kiyotaka became 2nd Prime Minister
* **1889** (*Meiji 22*): Yamagata Aritomo became 3rd Prime Minister
* **1891** (*Meiji 24*): Matsukata Masayoshi became 4th Prime Minister
* **1892** (*Meiji 25*): Ito became 5th Prime Minister
* **1896** (*Meiji 29*): Matsukata became 6th Prime Minister
* **1898** (*Meiji 31*): Yamagata became 9th Prime Minister
* **1906** (*Meiji 39*): Saionji Kinmochi became 12th Prime Minister
* **1908** (*Meiji 41*): Katsura became 13th Prime Minister
* **1911** (*Meiji 44*): Saionji became 14th Prime Minister

## Gallery

File:MeijiJoukyou.jpg|The 15-year-old Emperor Meiji, moving from Kyoto to Tokyo, end of 1868, after the fall of Edo.
File:Kenpohapu-chikanobu.jpg|Formal beginning of the Meiji Constitution, 1889. Woodblock print by Toyohara Chikanobu.
File:1872 Japanese silver yen both.png|One yen coin of 1870 (*Meiji* 3 明治三年), both sides.
File:First Meiji one yen banknote 1871.jpg|First Meiji one-yen banknote, 1871.

## Related pages 
* List of emperors of Japan
* Japanese era name

## References 
## Other websites 
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Twist (dance)

"**The Twist**" was a song written by Hank Ballard. Ballard's version of the song was not a hit, but a cover version by Chubby Checker became an international hit and made the dance very popular.

Checker followed with "Let's Twist Again", which was another huge hit.

## References
Teddy Randazzo

**Teddy Randazzo** (May 13, 1935 – November 21, 2003) was an American singer, songwriter and record producer, best known for his work in the 1950s and 1960s. One of the groups he worked with was Little Anthony and the Imperials.

Randazzo appeared as himself in a 1962 movie, ''Don't Knock the Twist'', which was about the Twist craze of the early 1960s.
The Kingsmen

**The Kingsmen** were a popular American band of the early 1960s. Their most famous hit was "Louie, Louie". Many people believed the song contained obscenity or suggestive lyrics, and tried to have the song banned. An American court decided the song was not obscene, and the  over the song only helped to promote sales of the record.

The Kingsmen had other hits, including "Jolly Green Giant", a parody of the mascot of Green Giant vegetables. They appeared in a movie, *How to Stuff a Wild Bikini*, accompanying Annette Funicello onstage.
Obscenity

* has been subject to obscenity trials at various times (image: plate XI: The bathing party; La baignade)]]

**Obscenity** is a term that is used to describe words, images or actions that offend the sexual morality most people have or had at the time. The word is often used in a legal context. The word goes back to the Latin *obscenus'', which meant "foul, repulsive, or detestable".

Even though the word has been used with a sexual connotation for a long time, it can still have the meaning of "inspiring disgust". This is true in expressions such as "obscene profits" or "the obscenity of war". It can simply be used to mean profanity, or it can mean anything that is taboo, indecent, abhorrent, or disgusting.

The definition of what is thought of as obscene depends on the culture. Different communities and individuals may have different ideas of what is obscene and what is not. The definition of what is considered obscene also changes with time. Things that were obscene at one time no longer are at another.

Many cultures have made laws to define what is considered to be obscene. Censorship is often used to try to suppress or control materials that are obscene under these definitions. These usually include pornographic material.

## Related pages
* Profanity
* Blasphemy

## References
Disciples of Christ

The **Disciples of Christ** are an American Christian denomination of churches, which began in the 1800s. Disciples churches welcome members of other churches, and members of the public, to their services. Their most famous slogan is "We are not the only Christians; we are Christians only." Their current identity statement is "We are a movement for wholeness in a fragmented world. As part of the one Body of Christ, we welcome all to the Lord’s Table as God has welcomed us."
 
The Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) started in Indianapolis, Indiana. Disciples of Christ is a mainline church, and is a member of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the USA (NCC).  

Fifteen colleges and seven seminaries and divinity houses. 

## References
Zsa Zsa Gábor

**Zsa Zsa Gábor** (6 February 1917 &ndash; 18 December 2016) was a Hungarian-American actress and socialite. Her older sister Magda and younger sister Eva were also actresses and socialites. 

In 1936 Gábor won the Miss Hungary competition. She was married nine times. In 1986 she married Frédéric Prinz von Anhalt. She had one child, Constance Francesca Hilton.

On 18 December 2016, at 6:00 am, Gabor died while in a coma at the Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles, California from cardiopulmonary arrest complicated by coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease, aged 99. Her ashes were buried at the Westwood Memorial Park Cemetery in Beverly Hills, California on 30 December.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*Zsa Zsa Gabor News
Brittany Snow

**Brittany Anne Snow** (born March 9, 1986) is an American television and movie actress and singer. She is known for her roles as Meg Pryor in *American Dreams*, Daisy Lemay in *Guiding Light*, Kate Spencer in *John Tucker Must Die*, Amber Von Tussle in *Hairspray*, Donna Keppel in *Prom Night* and Jenna Backstrom in the NBC television series ''Harry's Law''.

## Other websites 
*
Desk

A **desk** is a piece of furniture where someone can sit and write, often with drawers or other places to put books, papers, pencils, pens and other things. Unlike a table, there is only one side of the desk where somebody could sit.

Desks come in many different sizes. There is a Armoire desk, which is very big. There is also a portable desk which is very small. Desks can be used at home. They can also be used in an office. Desks may also be used in schools.

A computer desk will have a computer inside or on top. The keyboard and mouse will pull out from underneath the desk.
Coles Supermarkets

**Coles Supermarkets** is an Australian supermarket chain owned by Wesfarmers (Coles Group before it was taken over on 23 November 2007).  With over 750 stores nationally and more than 60,000 employees, Coles currently has the second-biggest market share behind Woolworths Supermarkets.

## Related pages
*Coles Group
*Wesfarmers
*Coles Express
*Bi-Lo
*Liquorland

## References
## Other websites 
*Coles Supermarkets
*Coles Near Me
Empire of Nicaea

The **Empire of Nicaea** () was the largest of the Byzantine Greek states founded by the nobility of the Byzantine Empire after Constantinople was conquered during the Fourth Crusade. It lasted from 1204 to 1261. 

Founded by the Laskaris Dynasty it would be the Byzantine rump-state to recapture Constantinople in 1261 and reform the Byzantine Empire and is seen as the continuation of the Byzantine Empire.

The Despotate of Epirus contested the claim in 1224 and became the Empire of Thessalonica, but was forced to renounce their claim by the Nicenes in 1242. The Empire of Trebizond declared its independence a few weeks before the Sack of Constantinople in 1204, ended their claim of being a continuation of the Byzantines in the Treaty of 1282.
John Whedon

**John Ogden Whedon** (November 5, 1905 – November 21, 1991) was an American screenwriter. He was best known for his writing for the television series *The Donna Reed Show* during the 1950s. Whedon wrote for *The Andy Griffith Show*, *The Dick Van Dyke Show* and *Leave It To Beaver*. He was the father of screenwriter Tom Whedon. He was the grandfather of screenwriter and director Joss Whedon and screenwriter Zack Whedon.

## Other websites
*
Police station

an police station in San Bruno, California]]

A **police station** is a building where police officers work. Other members of the law enforcement may work there as well. These buildings often contain offices and accommodation for staff.

A small police station may have nothing apart from office space. Some police stations have cells for holding people who have been arrested. They may also have special rooms for interviewing people and rooms for storing evidence.