open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Hurricane Fifi–Orlene

**Hurricane Fifi** (later known as **Hurricane Orlene**) was a catastrophic tropical cyclone that killed over 8,210 people in Honduras in September 1974 , ranking it as the third deadliest Atlantic hurricane on record, only behind Hurricane Mitch in 1998, and the 1780 hurricane.

At the time that it hit, Fifi was the worst natural disaster to ever hit Honduras. It formed off the coast of Jamaica and made landfall as a Category 2 hurricane. It then weakened significantly and became a tropical storm, and then a tropical depression. It moved into the Pacific and regained strength. Fifi was a tropical cyclone that lasted for 18 hours and was renamed Orlene. Orlene then intensified into a hurricane and reached Category 2 status. Orlene made landfall in Mexico and became extratropical over the mountains.

## Fifi’s path 
## Orlene’s path
Paul J. Crutzen

**Paul Jozef Crutzen** (; 3 December 1933 – 28 January 2021) was a Dutch atmospheric chemist.  He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1995 with Mario J. Molina and F. Sherwood Rowland. He was known for work on the ozone layer and climate change.

He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1988.

Crutzen died on 28 January 2021 at the age of 87.

## References
Robert Aderholt

**Robert Aderholt** (born July 22, 1965) is an American politician and the representative for Alabama's 4th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives since 1997. He is a member of the Republican Party. Aderholt used to be a judge for Haleyville, Alabama. He was also a helped for the governor of Alabama, Rob James. He won the 1996 Republican primary election and won the general election. Robert Aderholt is pro-life and wanted other politicians to stop abortion. Adlerholt also believes in gun rights. In December 2020, Alderholt joined 126 Republicans to agree to stop completing the counting of the 2020 United States presidential election. 

## Election history
## References
Guillermo Galeote

**Guillermo Galeote Jiménez** (6 May 1941 &ndash; 28 January 2021) was a Spanish politician and physician. He was a member of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party. Galeote was born in San Sebastián, Spain. Galeote was a member of the Congress of Deputies from 1977 to 1993.

Galeote died on 28 January 2021 in Madrid from COVID-19, aged 79.

## References
César Isella

**César Isella** (20 October 1938 – 28 January 2021) was an Argentinian folk singer-songwriter and guitarist. He played for Los Fronterizos from 1956 to 1966. He also wrote "Canción con todos", which is thought to be the Latin American anthem. He was born in Salta, Argentina.

Isella died on 28 January 2021 in Buenos Aires from coronary artery disease, aged 82.

## References
## Other websites
* 
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Maravilha, Santa Catarina

**Maravilha, Santa Catarina** is a city in the state of Santa Catarina in the South region of Brazil.

## References
Sylvirana faber

***Sylvirana faber*** is a frog.  It lives in the hills in Cambodia and Thailand.

The adult frog is 59.4&nbsp;mm long from nose to rear end.  The head is long and narrow.  There are eight vomerine teeth in its jaw.

This frog is light brown in color on the back and dark brown on the sides and eardrum.  There are stripes of dark brown on its legs.  The belly is white and the insides of the legs are pink.  There are disks for climbing on its toes.

Scientists say this frog is related to *Rana nigrovittata* and ''Rana mortenseni.

## References
Harriet Andersson

**Harriet Andersson** (born 14 February 1932) is a Swedish actress. She is best known for appearing in many movies directed by Ingmar Bergman and eventually being his romantic partner. Andersson appeared in several of his best-known movies, including *Smiles of a Summer Night* (1955), *Through a Glass Darkly* (1961), *Cries and Whispers* (1972), and *Fanny and Alexander* (1982).

## References
## Other websites
*
Ruggero Deodato

**Ruggero Deodato** (7 May 1939 – 29 December 2022) was an Italian movie director, screenwriter and actor. His best known movie is *Cannibal Holocaust*, thought to be one of the most controversial and brutal in the history of cinema, because of the extreme violence and the actual killings of animals in the movie. It has been banned or censored in many countries. He is known as "Monsieur Cannibal" in France.

Deodato died in Rome on 29 December 2022, at the age of 83, from complications of pneumonia, kidney failure, and liver failure.

Deodato has inspired many movie directors like Oliver Stone, Quentin Tarantino and Eli Roth.

## References
## Other websites
*
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Michael O'Donoghue

'''Michael O'Donoghue'*  (January 5, 1940&nbsp;– November 8, 1994) was an American writer and performer. He was known for his dark comedy and humor. He was known for his writings for *National Lampoon* magazine. He was the first head writer of *Saturday Night Live''. He was born in Sauquoit, New York.

O'Donoghue died on November 8, 1994 in New York City of an intracerebral hemorrhage, aged 54.

## References
Paris, New York

**Paris** is a town in Oneida County, New York, United States. The town is in the southeast part of the county and is south of Utica. 4,332 people lived here at the 2020 census.

## References
Goddess Bunny

**Sandra "Sandie" Crisp**; (January 13, 1960 &ndash; January 27, 2021), also known by her stage name **The Goddess Bunny**, was an American entertainer, drag queen, actress, and model. She was born in Santa Monica, California.

She made her acting debut as Charlean in the 1986 movie *Hollywood Vice Squad*. She made an appearance in the music video for "The Dope Show" by Marilyn Manson.

Crisp was a transgender woman. She was born with polio.

Crisp ran as a write-in candidate for President of the United States in the 2020 election.

Crisp died on January 27, 2021 from problems caused by COVID-19 in Los Angeles, California, at age 61.

## References
Eddie Connachan

**Edward Devlin Connachan** (27 August 1935 &ndash; 28 January 2021) was a Scottish football goalkeeper. He played for Dunfermline Athletic, Middlesbrough, Falkirk, East London Celtic and the Scotland national team.

## References
Erin Moriarty (actress)

**Erin Elair Moriarty** (born June 24, 1994) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Annie January / Starlight in the Amazon Prime Video series *The Boys* (2019–present).

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Erin Moriarty  at TV.com
Nils Eklund

**Nils Eklund** (born 17 January 1927) is a Swedish actor. He has appeared in more than 50 movies and television shows since 1952. He was born in Stockholm.

Eklund appeared in *Äktenskapsbrottaren* (1964), *Rooftree* (1967), *Doctor Glas* (1968), *The Bookseller Gave Up Bathing* (1969), *Pistol* (1973), *Peter-No-Tail* (1981), *Göta kanal eller Vem drog ur proppen?* (1981), *The Journey to Melonia* (1989), ''Freud's Leaving Home* (1991)

He voiced dubbed Charles F. Muntz in the Swedish version of the 2009 Disney movie *Up''.

## References
## Other websites
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Afro-Jamaicans

**Afro-Jamaicans** are Jamaicans of mainly Sub-Saharan African descent. They presently represent the largest ethnic group in the country.

## References
Hurricane Anna (1961)

**Hurricane Anna** hit Central America and the Windward Islands in July 1961. Anna was the first tropical cyclone and first hurricane of the 1961 hurricane season. Anna developed on July 20 from an easterly wave in the Intertropical Convergence Zone over the Windward Islands.
Chace Crawford

**Christopher Chace Crawford** (born July 18, 1985) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Nate Archibald on The CW's teen drama series *Gossip Girl*. In 2019, he appeared as the Deep in the Amazon Prime Video original series *The Boys*.

## Early life
Crawford was born in Lubbock, Texas. His father, Chris, is a dermatologist, and his mother, Dana, is a teacher. He has a younger sister, former Miss Missouri USA winner and Miss USA contestant Candice Crawford. Crawford was raised a Southern Baptist. While his father was a medical student, Chace lived in Bloomington, Minnesota, for four years, attending Ridgeview Elementary School. When his father completed his training, the family moved back to Texas and settled in Plano, a suburb of Dallas.

## References
Piccadilly Incident

***Piccadilly Incident*** is a 1946 British drama movie directed by Herbert Wilcox and starring Anna Neagle, Michael Wilding, Coral Browne, Edward Rigby, Leslie Dwyer, Brenda Bruce, Reginald Owen, Roger Moore, Michael Medwin.

## Other websites
**Piccadilly Incident* at IMDb
Bengal Fan

The **Bengal Fan**, also known as the **Ganges Fan**, is the largest submarine fan on Earth. The fan is about 3,000 km (1,900 mi) long, 1,430 km (890 mi) wide. It has a maximum thickness of 16.5 km (10.3 mi). The fan was formed by the erosion of the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau. This happened because of the collision between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. Most of the sediment in the fan comes from the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers which supply the Lower Meghna delta in Bangladesh and the Hoogly delta in India. The oldest sediments gotten from the Bengal fan are from Early Miocene age.

The fan was first discovered by bathymetric survey in the sixties by Bruce C. Heezen and Marie Tharp which identified the abyssal cone and canyon structures. It was named by Joseph Curray and David Moore in 1968.

## References
Online encyclopedia

An **online encyclopedia**, also called an **internet encyclopedia**, or a **digital encyclopedia**, is an encyclopedia accessible through the internet. Such as Wikipedia, which is an example of an encyclopedia, just online.

## Digitization of old content 
On 25 October 1993, Rick Gates created Interpedia to the PACS-L (Public-Access Computer Systems Forum) Listserv. That message included the following musings:

: "The more I thought about this, the more I realized that such a resource, containing general, encyclopedic knowledge for the layman, would be an important tool for some types of research, and for the Net.Citizenry in general.
: "Ahh.. but what about contributors... where will you find authors to write the short articles you need? Well, I'd first have to start out by finding some way of communicating with an extremely diverse set of people... everyone from linguists, to molecular biologists, from animal rights activists to zymurgists, and from geographers to gas chromotographers. Guess what? :-) The Net provides just such an arena! So I thought about it some more...and came to the conclusion that this is a good idea!"

In January 1995, Project Gutenberg started to publish the ASCII text of the *Encyclopædia Britannica*, 11th edition (1911), but disagreement about the method halted the work after the first volume.[*citation needed*] For trademark reasons this has been published as the *Gutenberg Encyclopedia*.['**] Project Gutenberg later[**'] restarted work on digitising and proofreading this encyclopedia. Project Gutenberg has published volumes in alphabetic order. The most recent publication is *Volume 17 Slice 8: Matter–Mecklenburg* published on 7 April 2013.[''*] The latest *Britannica* was digitized by its publishers, and sold first as a CD-ROM, and later as an online service.

In 2001, ASCII text of all 28 volumes was published on *Encyclopædia Britannica* Eleventh Edition by source; a copyright claim was added to the materials included. The website no longer exists.

Other digitization projects have made progress in other titles. One example is *Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)'' digitized by the Christian Classics Ethereal Library.

A successful digitization of an encyclopedia was the Bartleby Project's online adaptation of the *Columbia Encyclopedia*, Sixth Edition, in early 2000 and is updated periodically.

Other websites provide online encyclopedias, some of which are also available on Wikisource, but which may be more complete than those on Wikisource, or maybe different editions (see List of online encyclopedias).
One Wild Oat

***One Wild Oat*** is a 1951 British comedy movie directed by Charles Saunders and was based on the play of the same name by Vernon Sylvaine. It stars Robertson Hare, Stanley Holloway, Sam Costa, Andrew Crawford, Robert Moreton, Audrey Hepburn, Roger Moore.

## Other websites
*
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Mirkelam

**Fergan Mirkelam **(born 20 May 1966, Istanbul) is a Turkish singer. He first became known with his song "Her Gece" ("Every Night") in 1995.

## Albums
**Mirkelam* (31 May 1995)
**Joker* (1998)
**Unutulmaz* (2001)
**Kalbimde Parmak İzin Var* (2004)
**Mutlu Olmak İstiyorum* (2006)
**RRDP* (Rakın Rol Disko Parti) - with Kargo (Sony Music 2010) 
**Denizin Arka Yüzü* (2013)
**Mirkelam Şarkıları* (2017, tribute album)

## References
The Boys (TV series)

***The Boys*** is an American satirical superhero streaming television series. It is created by Eric Kripke for Prime Video. 

It is based on the comic book of the same name by Garth Ennis and Darick Robertson, which was originally published by DC Comics. It is about vigilantes with superpowers who abuse their abilities. 

It stars Karl Urban, Jack Quaid, Laz Alonso, Tomer Capon, Karen Fukuhara, Antony Starr, Erin Moriarty, Dominique McElligott, Chace Crawford, Jessie T. Usher and Nathan Mitchell.

The series premiered on July 26, 2019.

## References
Secret Beyond the Door...

***Secret Beyond the Door...*** is a 1947 American thriller movie directed by Fritz Lang and starring Michael Redgrave, Joan Bennett, Marie Harmon, Anne Revere, Barbara O'Neil, Natalie Schafer, Paul Cavanagh, Anabel Shaw, James Seay, Rosa Rey. It was distributed by Universal Pictures.

## Other websites
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* 
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Hurricane Gladys (1968)

**Hurricane Gladys** was the first Atlantic hurricane to be observed each by the Hurricane Hunters, radar imagery, and photographs from space. The seventh named storm and fifth hurricane of the 1968 season, Gladys formed on October 13 in the western Caribbean from a broad disturbance related to a tropical wave.

## Related pages 
* 1968 Atlantic Hurricane season 
* Hurricanes in Florida
Our Town (movie)

***Our Town*** is a 1940 American romantic drama movie directed by Sam Wood and was based on the 1938 play of the same name by Thornton Wilder. It stars William Holden, Martha Scott, Fay Bainter, Beulah Bondi, Thomas Mitchell, Guy Kibbee, Stuart Erwin, Frank Craven and was nominated for 6 Academy Awards in 1941.

## References
## Other websites
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* 
*
Gleðibankinn

**"Gleðibankinn"** (English translation: "Bank of Fun") is a song by ICY. Singers Eiríkur Hauksson, Helga Möller and Pálmi Gunnarsson were part of the band. It was the first Icelandic entry and the first song in Icelandic at the Eurovision Song Contest, being performed at Eurovision Song Contest 1986.

The music is positive. It talks about "the bank of fun", which is said to be where people's happiness is found, and not "your empty blues". And because happiness is stored in a bank, it can be taken out at any time when someone is feeling depressed.

Before the song was submitted, all three members performed the song. Only Pálmi Gunnarsson performed the song in the Icelandic finals.

It was the sixth song to be performed, after the United Kingdom's Ryder with "Runner In The Night" and before the Netherlands' Frizzle Sizzle with "Alles heeft ritme". When voting closed, it had 19 points, placing 16th out of 20 countries.

The next song performed for Iceland was Hægt og hljótt by Halla Margrét, which was performed at Eurovision Song Contest 1987.

## References
Esparron, Hautes-Alpes

**Esparron** is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department.

## Population 
## Transport 
### Road 
The D20 road passes through the commune.

## References
Shunning

**Shunning** is the rejection of a person. It is usual in some religious groups to cut people off if they do not believe the beliefs or follow the rules of the group. It has been used in industrial action (strikes) and as a punishment in certain societies.

## Religions which use or have used shunning 
### Catholicism 
The Catholic Church used shunning until the Code of Canon Law of 1983 was enacted. The practice of inquisition is famous.

### Amish 
In the Amish religion, shunning is a form of church discipline. It is used to punish members who have broken rules.

### Church of Scientology 
The Church of Scientology asks its members to quit all communication with Suppressive Persons. (These are people who the Church identifies as critics or opponents of Scientology). The practice of shunning in Scientology is termed *disconnection*. 

In the United States, the Church has tried to argue in court that disconnection is a constitutionally protected religious practice. However, the court rejected this argument, saying the pressure put on individual Scientologists to disconnect means it is not voluntary.

### Islam 
In Islam, if a Muslim abandons Islam through their words or actions, they have committed apostasy (,  or , ). Examples of apostasy include converting to another religion or non-acceptance of faith by a person who was born in a Muslim family or who had previously accepted Islam. 

Classical Islamic law called for apostates to be executed, but Islamic scholars disagree about how apostasy should be punished in modern times.

## Tax implications 
In many countries, religions get huge financial advantages by being recognised as religions. They are not taxed, or have much reduced taxes. In the United States, the Establishment Clause of the US Constitution prevents the US government and (through the Bill of Rights) the 50 state governments from imposing church taxes. In 1947, the US Supreme Court ruled  that "No tax in any amount, large or small, can be levied to support any religious activities or institutions, whatever they may be called, or whatever form they may adopt to teach or practice religion." This explains why organisations such as Scientology wish to be classified as religions.

## References 
## Related pages 
*Excommunication
Sylvirana maosonensis

The **Mao-son frog** or **Maoson frog** (*Sylvirana maosonensis*) is a frog from China, Laos and Vietnam.

## References
Jodie Comer

**Jodie Marie Comer** (born 11 March 1993) is an English actress and producer. She is most famous for her role as Oksana Astankova / Villanelle in the BBC drama spy thriller series *Killing Eve* (2018–2022). She has garnered critical acclaim for her performance on the series and won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series and the British Academy television award for Best Actress.
 
Comer's other notable roles include Chloe Gemell in the E4 comedy-drama series *My Mad Fat Diary* (2013–2015), Kate Parks in the BBC One drama series *Doctor Foster* (2015–2017), Ivy Moxam in the BBC Three drama miniseries *Thirteen* (2016), and Elizabeth of York in the Starz historical miniseries *The White Princess* (2017).

## Filmography 
### Movie 
## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* 
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Abdellatif Kechiche

**Abdellatif Kechiche** (; , born 7 December 1960) is a Tunisian-French actor, movie director and screenwriter. He is known for directing the movie *Blue Is the Warmest Colour*, which won the Palme d'Or at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival.

## References
Alan Blinken

**Alan John Blinken** (born 1937) is an American businessman and politician. He was the U.S. Ambassador to Belgium from 1993 to 1997 during the Bill Clinton presidency. He was born in New York City.

Blinken was also the 2002 Democratic nominee for Idaho United States Senator, losing to Larry Craig.

He is the brother of U.S. Ambassador Donald M. Blinken and the uncle of United States Secretary of State Antony Blinken.

## References
Charkh

***Charkh*** ( lit. "wheel") is an Iranian television talk show that has aired on IRIB TV4 since 2015.

## References 
## Other websites
* 
* 
* episodes on Aparat.com
* Milad Nouri talks about copyright
* Milad Nouri talks about machine learning
Schadenfreude

, Eduardo Zamacois y Zabala, 1868: A group of monks laughs while a monk battles with a donkey]]
**Schadenfreude** comes from the German word by the same name. It literally translates to harm joy. It is the happiness that somebody gets when somebody else is hurt. Psychologists theorize that there are three causes for this emotion. Aggression, rivalry, or justice. Aggression-based schadenfreude happens because seeing someone else's group fail makes them feel better about themselves. Rivalry-based schadenfreude happens because seeing someone else fail makes them feel better about themselves. These may seem similar, but the difference is in that aggression is related to in-group and out-group identities, and rivalry is based on individuals. The last form is justice-based schadenfreude. This happens because people feel happy that someone bad is being punished. They feel good that the bad person is getting what they deserve.

## Related pages 
* Self-esteem
* Tall poppy syndrome
* Jealousy
* Sadism
* Revenge

## References
Kitty Foyle

***Kitty Foyle*** (also known as ***The Natural History of a Woman***) is a 1940 American romantic drama movie directed by Sam Wood and was based on the 1939 novel of the same name by Christopher Morley. It stars Ginger Rogers, Dennis Morgan, James Craig, Gladys Cooper, Eduardo Ciannelli, Ernest Cossart, Walter Kingsford, Cecil Cunningham, Edward Fielding, Odette Myrtil and was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures. It was nominated for 5 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 1941.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Hurricane Hilda

**Hurricane Hilda** was an intense tropical cyclone that ravaged areas of the United States Gulf Coast, particularly Louisiana. In addition to its damage inland, the hurricane greatly disrupted offshore oil production, and at its time was the costliest tropical cyclone for Louisiana's offshore oil production.
Action in the North Atlantic

***Action in the North Atlantic*** (also known as ***Heroes Without Uniforms***) is a 1943 American World War II drama movie directed by Lloyd Bacon and starring Humphrey Bogart, Raymond Massey, Ruth Gordon, Alan Hale Sr., Julie Bishop, Sam Levene, Dane Clark, Peter Whitney. It was distributed by Warner Bros. and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1944.

## Other websites
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* 
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Donald M. Blinken

**Donald Mayer Blinken** (November 11, 1925 &ndash; September 22, 2022) was an American politician and businessman. He was born in New York City.

Blinken was director and one of the founders of E. M. Warburg Pincus & Company. He was the board chairman of the State University of New York from 1978 to 1990. He was the American Ambassador to Hungary from 1994 to 1998 during the Bill Clinton presidency. He was the father of United States Secretary of State Antony Blinken.

Blinken died in East Hampton on September 22, 2022, at age 96.

## Early life and education 
Donald Mayer Blinken was born on November 11, 1925, in Yonkers, New York, the son of Maurice Blinken and his wife, Ethel (Horowitz).  Maurice Blinken was an early backer of Israel and founded the American Palestine Institute which helped persuade the United States to back the creation of Israel.   His father and mother were of Jewish descent and his father was from Kyiv, the Russian Empire, who, according to Antony Blinken, "fled pogroms in Russia". His grandfather was author Meir Blinken. Blinken has two brothers, Alan and Robert.

## References
Cervières, Hautes-Alpes

**Cervières** is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department.

## Population 
## Transport 
### Road 
The D89T and D902 roads pass through the commune.

## References
Kotowice, Masovian Voivodeship

**Kotowice** is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brwinów, within Pruszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Brwinów,  west of Pruszków, and  west of Warsaw.

The village has a population of 100.

## References
Spillway

A **spillway** is a construction to release extra water from a dam, in a way that this water does not cause damage. Each dam has a maximum capacity. Water that is more than this capacity cannot be stored, and has to be released. A spillway allows to do this in a safe way.
## Gallery

File:Ladybower Reservoir Outlet overflow.jpg|Outlet-type spillway when in use
File:Ladybower Reservoir Outlet.jpg|Outlet-type, unused
File:Kouris Reservoir' spillway 14.jpg|Overflow type
File:Wasserschanze der Trinkwassertalsperre Eibenstock.jpg|Looking down an overflow spillway
File:Llyn Brianne spillway.jpg|Overflow type
Neil Pearson

**Neil Joshua Pearson** (born 27 April 1959) is an English actor. He is known for his roles as Dave Charnley in the Channel 4 comedy series *Drop the Dead Donkey* (1990–1998), Tony Clark in the BBC One police drama series *Between the Lines* (1992–1994), Michael Caddick in the BBC One drama series *All the Small Things* (2009), Vaughan Fitzgerald in the BBC One school-based drama series *Waterloo Road* (2014–2015), and Jonathan in the BBC One drama series *In the Club* (2014–2016). His film appearances include all three of the *Bridget Jones* films (2001–2016). He is also an antiquarian book dealer who specialises in the expatriate literary movement of Paris between the World Wars.

## Other websites 
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Lauren Drummond

**Lauren Emma Drummond** (born 23 December 1987) is an English actress. She is best known for portraying the roles of Mika Grainger in the BBC school-based drama series *Waterloo Road* (2006–2008, 2024), and Chantelle Lane in the BBC medical drama series *Holby City* (2011–2013, 2016).

## Other websites
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Adam Thomas

**Adam Thomas** (born 11 August 1988) is an English actor. He is best known for portraying the roles of Donte Charles in the BBC school-based drama series *Waterloo Road* (2006–2009, 2023–present), and Adam Barton in the ITV soap opera *Emmerdale* (2009–2018).

## Early life
Born and raised in Salford, Thomas is of British, Indian and Caribbean heritage.

## Other websites
Ryan Thomas

**Ryan James Thomas** (born 10 June 1984) is an English actor, known for portraying the role of Jason Grimshaw in the ITV soap opera *Coronation Street*, which he played from 2000 until 2016. In 2018, he appeared as Rafael Humphreys in the Australian soap opera *Neighbours*, and also won the twenty-second and final series of *Celebrity Big Brother*.

## Early life
Born and raised in Salford, Thomas is of British, Indian and Caribbean heritage.

## Other websites
*
I Love You, California

**"I love you, California"** is the state song of California. 

The lyrics were written in 1913 by Francis Beatty Silverwood, and the music was composed by Abraham Franklin Frankenstein in the same year. The song was first performed by Mary Garden in 1915 on the first ship to pass through the Panama Canal. The song was adopted by California's legislature in 1951, and the song got statutory recognition in 1988 after the copyright had expired.

## References
Inland Empire

The **Inland Empire** is a metropolitan area and region in inland Southern California, centering on San Bernardino County and Riverside County, which borders Los Angeles County to the east.

 and San Bernardino County.]]

At the end of the nineteenth century, the Inland Empire was a major center of agriculture, including citrus, dairy, and winemaking. Agriculture declined in the twentieth century. Since the 1970s a rapidly growing population came in search of affordable housing. This led to more residential, industrial, and commercial development. The area has a population of about four million.

The majority of Inland Empire’s immigrants are from Mexico, the Philippines, El Salvador, Vietnam and Guatemala.

## References
History of California

The **history of California** begins thousands of years ago and includes important events like the California Gold Rush; the opening of the Transcontinental Railroad; the start of the American gay rights movement; and the Silicon Valley high-tech boom.

California was first a Spanish colony and then a part of Mexico. The United States began to control the area during the Mexican-American War. California became a U.S. state in 1850.

## 19th century 
]]

### The California Gold Rush 
*See the main article: California Gold Rush*

During the California Gold Rush, around 300,000 people traveled to California after gold was found at Sutter's Sawmill. The Gold Rush lasted from 1848–1855, peaking in 1852.

While around $2 billion in gold was found during the Gold Rush, very few gold miners got rich.

The Gold Rush had major effects on California's history, economy, and population. It may have helped the California Republic become a state in 1850. They came from across America and from other countries. This was the greatest mass migration in American history. After this point, conditions are very harsh: travelers have to cross a 40-mile desert and then climb over the Sierra Nevada mountains. showing indigenous tribes and languages before Europeans found California]]Between 9,492 and 16,094 indigenous people were killed during the genocide, were kidnapped for forced labor. Additionally, hundreds (or perhaps thousands) of indigenous people starved or were worked to death. In 2019, California's governor Gavin Newsom stated:''"It's called genocide. That's what it was, a genocide. No other way to describe it. And that's the way it needs to be described in the history books. And so I'm here to say the following: I'm sorry on behalf of the state of California [for the] violence, discrimination and exploitation [approved] by [the] state government throughout its history".'' 

## Related pages 
* California
* History of the United States
* History of the United States (1789-1849)
* Indigenous peoples of North America

## References
Praise-God Barebone

**Praise-God Barebone** (or **Barbon** or **Barbone**) about 1598–1679, was an English leather-seller, and a preacher. He was influential when Oliver Cromwell ruled Britain.

His name is recalled in the Barebone's Parliament of the English Commonwealth of 1653. The Commonwealth was the political structure from 1649 to 1660. England and Wales, later with Ireland and Scotland, were governed as a republic. This was after the end of the Second English Civil War, and the trial and execution of Charles I of England.

Barebone was elected to the Common Council of the City of London from 1657. In 1660, Barebone endeavoured to prevent the Restoration of the English monarchy and in July, a petition he had made calling for Members of Parliament to 'deny rule by Charles II or any other single person' was reprinted in a royalist tract called The Picture of the Good Old Cause Drawn to the Life.  As a result, Barebone was arrested on 25 November 1661 and charged with treason. He was imprisoned in the Tower of London but freed in July 1662 after a petition from his wife pleading his illness.

Barebone died towards the end of 1679 and was buried on 5 January 1680 in the parish of St Andrew Holborn.
## References
List of companies of Kolkata

This list includes notable companies with primary headquarters in Kolkata. The industry and sector follow the Industry Classification Benchmark. Companies that no longer exist are included and noted as defunct.

## References
Sophie (musician)

**Sophie Xeon** (September 17, 1986 – January 30, 2021), known by the stage name **SOPHIE**, was a Scottish music producer, singer, songwriter, and DJ. She was known for her innovative and experimental approach to pop and electronic music.

## Style 
SOPHIE's music style was described as a "hyperkinetic" and futuristic take on pop. She became known for her unique sound, combining synthetic textures with emotional vocals. Some of her most popular songs include *Bipp* (2013) and *Lemonade* (2014).

## Personal life 
SOPHIE was a transgender woman. She came out publicly in 2017 with the release of her song and video ''It's Okay to Cry'', which was celebrated for its vulnerability and openness.

## Death 
On 30 January 2021, at the age of 34, Sophie fell three floors from the rooftop of a building in Athens, Greece while attempting to take a picture of the full moon. She died at around 4:00 AM. 

## Other websites 
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## References
Irene (1940 movie)

***Irene*** is a 1940 American musical movie directed by Herbert Wilcox and was based on the 1919 musical of the same name by James Montgomery. It stars Anna Neagle, Ray Milland, Roland Young, Alan Marshal, May Robson, Billie Burke, Arthur Treacher, Marsha Hunt, Isabel Jewell and was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1941.

## Other websites
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Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai

***Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai*** () is a 2000 Indian Hindi-language musical romantic thriller movie, directed and written by Rakesh Roshan. The music was composed by Rajesh Roshan. This film stars his son Hrithik Roshan and Ameesha Patel in both of their debuts.

Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai released on January 14, 2000 and it received positive reviews and became a blockbuster at the box office. It was also the most successful Bollywood movie of the year 2000. As a result, this movie made Hrithik become famous and an overnight superstar. His victorious debut was dubbed as "Hrithik Mania"  and he has been known as the Millennial Superstar ever since this film got released.

## Summary 
This film is about a man named Rohit with a singing talent from a lower-class family who works at a car dealership, led by Mr. Saxena. He meets a girl, who happens to be his daughter, named Sonia from a middle-class family and they befriend each other. They even fall in love on an island after being separated from a cruise ship, but Sonia's father, who rescues both of them from the island, is not satisfied with their love due to their class differences. Rohit also ends up losing his job due to this. However, Rohit convinces Sonia's father that he will become successful to earn Sonia's love. They help Rohit create a music record to make him famous and they start setting up the show. However, on the day of the show, Rohit gets caught by the police officers for accidentally witnessing them killing the police commissioner, and gets killed in a bike accident by drowning while trying to get away, causing Sonia to be depressed. She is later sent to New Zealand, where she meets a man named Raj, who is a twin of Rohit, and gets scared and constantly runs away whenever she sees him thinking that Rohit came back to life. She later comes to the realization that it is not the real Rohit. Raj, still in love with Sonia, pursues her to India and gets shot by a police officer that he doesn't know of and both Raj and Sonia think that Rohit was murdered. Simultaneously, they are also trying to put Sonia's life in jeopardy. Will they be able to find out who killed Rohit?

## Cast 
* Hrithik Roshan as Rohit (Sonia's love interest who dies in accident) / Raj Chopra (Sonia's love interest and wife)
* Ameesha Patel as Sonia Saxena (Rohit's love interest) / Sonia Raj Chopra (married name)
* Anupam Kher as Mr. Saxena / Sirjee (Sonia's father)
* Dalip Tahil as Shakti Malik
* Mohnish Behl as Inspector Dilip Kadam
* Ashish Vidyarthi as Inspector Satish Shinde
* Satish Shah as Anthony Rodriques Uncle
* Farida Jalal as Lily Anthony Rodriques Aunty
* Rajesh Tandon as Atul Malik
* Asha Patel as Mrs. Chopra
* Tannaz Irani as Neeta Saxena
* Vrajesh Hirjee as Tony
* Abhishek Sharma actor as Amit
* Johnny Lever as Inspector Parab
* Ram Mohan as Police Commissioner
* Payal Malhotra as Shobhna

## Soundtrack 
The film's music was composed by Rajesh Roshan with lyrics by Ibrahim Ashk, Saawan Kumar Tak and Vijay Akela. The film's soundtrack album became the second best-selling Bollywood soundtrack of the year, selling about 10 million units.

## References 
## Other websites 
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Ben Nsibandze

**Benjamin Mshamndane Nsibandze** (17 June 1931 – 13 January 2021) was a Swazi politician. He was Deputy Prime Minister. He was acting Prime Minister of Swaziland from 25 October 1979 to 23 November 1979.

Nsibandze died on 13 January 2021 at the age of 89.

## References
Bahrum Daido

**Bahrum Daido** (30 September 1964 – 2 January 2021) was an Indonesian politician. He was a member of People's Representative Council from 2009 to 2019. Daido was member of Democrat Party. He was born in Palopo, South Sulawesi.

Daido died on 2 January 2021 from problems caused by COVID-19 in Jakarta, aged 56.

## References
Alan J. Hoffman

**Alan Jerome Hoffman** (May 30, 1924 – January 18, 2021) was an American mathematician. He was the founding editor of the journal *Linear Algebra and its Applications*. He helped create the Hoffman–Singleton graph.

Hoffman died on January 18, 2021 at the age of 96.

## References
Giles Constable

**Giles Constable** (1 June 1929 &ndash; 17 January 2021) was a British historian of the Middle Ages. He was mainly interested in the religion and culture of the 11th and 12th centuries. He mainly focused on Cluny Abbey and its abbot Peter the Venerable. Constable was born in London. 

Constable died on 17 January 2021 in Princeton, New Jersey at the age of 91.

## References
Mont-Dauphin

**Mont-Dauphin** is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department.

It is known for the Fortress of Mont-Dauphin. The fortress was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2008.

## Population 
## Transport 
### Road 
The D137 and D137T roads pass through the commune.

## References
Harold Widom

**Harold Widom** (September 23, 1932 &ndash; January 20, 2021) was an American mathematician. He was best known for his works to operator theory and random matrices. He was appointed to the Department of Mathematics at the University of California, Santa Cruz in 1968 and became professor emeritus in 1994. He was born in Newark, New Jersey.

In 2006, Widom became a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Widom died on January 20, 2021 at the age of 88.

## References
Eygliers

**Eygliers** is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department.

## Population 
## Transport 
### Road 
The D37, D37L, D137, D137T, D237, D337, D902 and N94 roads pass through the commune.

### Rail 
The commune has a railway station called Montdauphin-Guillestre.

## References
Marie Harmon

**Marie Harmon** (October 21, 1923 – January 25, 2021) was an American actress and businesswoman. She worked mainly in the 1940s during the Golden Age of Hollywood. She was best known for her lead role in the 1946 American Western movie *The El Paso Kid*. Her first movie role was in the 1943 movie *Hers to Hold*. Harmon was born in Oak Park, Illinois.

Harmon died in Los Angeles on January 25, 2021 of natural causes at the age of 97.

## References
## Other websites
*
Stephan P. Mickle

**Stephan P. Mickle** (June 18, 1944 – January 26, 2021) was an American politician and lawyer. He was the Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida from 1998 until his death. He was chief justice of the court from 2009 to 2011. Mickle was nominated to the court by President Bill Clinton. Mickle was born in New York City.

Mickle died on January 26, 2021 in Gainesville, Florida at the age of 76.

## References
Flavio Alfaro

**Flavio Roman Alfaro** (October 26, 1961January 27, 2021) was an American baseball shortstop and second baseman. He played one season of Minor League Baseball.  He was known for being a member of the U.S. baseball team at the 1984 Summer Olympics that won a silver medal. Alfaro was born in Los Angeles.

Alfaro died on January 27, 2021 from pancreatic cancer, aged 59.

## References
Carmen Vázquez

**Carmen Vázquez** (January 14, 1949 – January 27, 2021) was a Puerto Rican activist and writer. 

Born in Puerto Rico, she was raised in New York City.

Vázquez co-founded The Women's Building, became the Executive Director of the National Network for Immigrant and Refugee Rights and then the Coordinator of Lesbian and Gay Health Services for the San Francisco Department of Public Health. 

She was also the co-founder and co-chair of Somos Hermanas.

Vázquez died on January 27, 2021 of COVID-19 in New York City, aged 71.

## References
Miguel Celdrán

**Miguel Ángel Celdrán Matute** (4 March 1940 – 28 January 2021) was a Spanish politician. He was a member of the People's Party. Celdrán was born in Badajoz, Spain. He was a member of the Senate of Spain in 2000 and again from 2004 to 2007.

Celdrán died on 28 January 2021 in Badajoz at the age of 80.

## References
Kathleen Ann Goonan

**Kathleen Ann Goonan** (May 14, 1952 – January 28, 2021)  was an American science fiction writer. 

Many of her books have been nominated for the Nebula Award.  Her first novel *Queen City Jazz* was a *New York Times* Notable Book of the Year. Her novel *In War Times* was chosen by the American Library Association as Best Science Fiction Novel in 2008. Goonan was born in Cincinnati, Ohio.

Goonan died on January 28, 2021 from bone cancer, aged 68.

## References
Wang Shouguan

**Wang Shouguan** (; 15 January 1923 – 28 January 2021) was a Chinese astronomer. He was President of the . He was known as one of the founders of modern astrophysics and radio astronomy in China.

## References
Meshulam Dovid Soloveitchik

**Meshulam Dovid Soloveitchik** (October 21, 1921 – January 31, 2021) (), also known as **Reb Dovid** or **Rav Dovid**; was a Haredi rabbi and rosh yeshiva of one of the branches of the Brisk yeshivas from 1959 until his death. He was born in Brest, Belarus. 

Soloveitchik died on January 31, 2021 from COVID-19 in Jerusalem, aged 99.

## References
Beatriz Barba

**Beatriz Barba Ahuactzin** (16 September 1928 – 29 January 2021) was a Mexican academic, anthropologist and archaeologist. She was a member of the National System of Researchers from 1985. She was a member of the Mexican Academy of Sciences. 

Barba died on 29 January 2021, aged 92.

## References
Fuzhou

**Fuzhou** or **Foochow** is the capital and one of the largest cities in Fujian province, China.

## References
Mexican Academy of Sciences

The **Mexican Academy of Sciences** *(Academia Mexicana de Ciencias)* is a non-profit organization made-up of over 1,800 Mexican scientists. It is in Mexico City. 

## Principles and mission
* To maintain its independent status
* To serve as a spokesman for the scientific community with society and the Mexican state
* To advocate quality, professionalism and honesty in scientific research, training and dissemination
* To foster the development and consolidation of the Mexican scientific community
* To ensure that the aim of the production, implementation and dissemination of scientific knowledge is always to develop the creative and intellectual capacities of individuals and society

## Other websites
*
John Chaney (basketball, born 1932)

**John Chaney** (January 21, 1932 – January 29, 2021) was an American college basketball coach. He was best known for his coaching at Temple University from 1982 through 2006. He was honored into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2001 and the National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame in 2006. Chaney was born in Jacksonville, Florida.

Chaney died on January 29, 2021, at the age of 89 after a short-illness.

## References
Temple University

**Temple University** (**Temple** or **TU**) is a state-related public research university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was founded in 1884 by the Baptist minister Russell Conwell. 

On May 12, 1888, it was renamed the Temple College of Philadelphia. In 1907, it became a research university.

## References
Yvon Douis

**Yvon Douis** (16 May 1935 – 28 January 2021) was a French international footballer. He played as a striker. Douis was born in Les Andelys, France. During his career he played for Lille OSC, Le Havre AC, AS Monaco and AS Cannes. He made twenty appearances for the France national football team between 1957 and 1965.

Douis died of COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in France in Nice, aged 85.

## References
Roy Gaines

**Roy James Gaines** (August 12, 1934 &ndash; August 11, 2021) was an American Texas blues and electric blues guitarist and singer-songwriter. He wrote and recorded the song "A Hell of a Night" in 1982. He was the younger brother of the blues musician Grady Gaines.

## References
Grady Gaines

**Grady Gaines** (May 14, 1934 – January 29, 2021) was an American electric and jazz blues tenor saxophonist. He performed and recorded with Little Richard in the 1950s. He played with other musicians such as Dee Clark, Little Willie John, Sam Cooke, James Brown, Jackie Wilson, and Joe Tex. He released three albums.

Gaines died on January 29, 2021 in Houston at the age of 86.

## References
## Other websites
*Grady Gaines Interview - NAMM Oral History Library (2015)
* Grady Gaines & the Texas Upsetters at gulfcoastentertainment.com
Subtext

**Subtext** is what is not said, but implied or suggested. It is something understood by the reader, watcher, or listener. of the work. 

Subtext suggests controversial subjects without being too obvious. This is especially true in comedy, but it is also common in science fiction. It can be easier and safer to make social critiques if it is set in another time and place.

Subtext is meaning hidden "under" ("sub")  the actual dialog or text. To understand subtext the audience must "read between the lines" and infer meaning.

## References
Aminul Islam Mintu

**Aminul Islam Mintu** ( – 18 December 2020) is a Bangladeshi movie editor and musician. 

## Biography
In his career, he was awarded 4 times Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Editing for the movies *Aghat* (1986), *Opekkha* (1987), *Goriber Bou* (1990), and *Ajante* (1996).

## Selected movies
## Awards and nominations
**National Film Awards**

## References
## Other websites
*
Hilton Valentine

**Hilton Stewart Paterson Valentine** (21 May 194329 January 2021) was an English musician and songwriter. He was the original guitarist in The Animals. He was born in North Shields, Northumberland. In 1994, he was added into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. 

Valentine died on 29 January 2021 in Connecticut, aged 77.

## References
József Csatári

**József Csatári** (17 December 1943 – 30 January 2021) was a Hungarian wrestler. He was born in Budapest. He was Olympic bronze medalist in Freestyle wrestling in 1968 and in 1972. He won a silver medal at the 1970 World Wrestling Championships. 

Csatári died on 30 January 2021 at the age of 77.

## References
Wilhelm Knabe

**Wilhelm Knabe** (8 October 1923 – 30 January 2021) was a German ecologist and politician. He was a co-founder of the Green Party in Germany. Knabe was a Member of the Bundestag from 1987 until 1990. He was vice mayor of the city of Mülheim from 1994 to 1999. Knabe was born in Arnsdorf, Saxony.

Knabe died on 30 January 2021, aged 97.

## Related pages
*List of ecologists from Europe
## References
Pantelei Sandulache

**Pantelei Sandulache** (1956 &ndash; 30 January 2021) was a Moldovan politician. He was a Member of Parliament between 1990 and 1994.

Sandulache died on 30 January 2021, aged 64.

## References
Alfreda Markowska

**Alfreda Noncia Markowska** (May 10, 1926 – January 30, 2021) was from Poland and belonged to the Romani people activist and Holocaust survivor. During World War II, she saved about fifty Jewish and Roma children from death in the Holocaust and the Porajmos genocide. She was born in Stanisławów, Poland. 

In October 2006, Alfreda Markowska was awarded the Commander's Cross with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta for saving Jewish and Roma children during World War II. Then-President of Poland Lech Kaczyński thanked her for her "heroism and uncommon bravery, for exceptional merit in saving human lives".

Markowska died on 30 January 2021, at the age of 94.

## References
Turki bin Nasser Al Saud

**Turki bin Nasser Al Saud** (14 April 1948 – 30 January 2021) was a Saudi prince, military officer, and businessman. He was a member of the House of Saud and served as the head of the Presidency of Meteorology and Environment in Saudi Arabia.

He was born in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. In 1996, Prince Turki was appointed deputy commander of the Royal Saudi Air Force, later becoming its commander with the rank of general.

In November 2017, he was among several high-profile individuals arrested in a major anti-corruption crackdown.

Prince Turki died on 30 January 2021 in Riyadh at the age of 72.

## References
Alla Yoshpe

**Alla Yakovlevna Ioshpe (Yoshpe)** (; 13 June 1937 &ndash; 30 January 2021) was a Soviet-Russian pop singer. She was honored with a People's Artist of the Russian Federation in 2002. She was born in Moscow. In 1960, at a university event, she met Stakhan Rakhimov. They formed a pop duo.

Yoshpe died on 30 January 2021 in Moscow, aged 83.

## References