open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Sylvia Robinson

**Sylvia Robinson** (born March 6 1936- died September 29 2011) was an American singer, musician, record label executive and record producer who founded and was CEO of the Sugar Hill Record Company in the 1970s. She began recording in 1950 through Columbia Records. She also had several hit songs, with other musicians and solo, including the sensual song *Pillow Talk*. Robinson was born in New York City. She died due to congestive heart failure at age 75.
Jenny Frost

**Jenny Frost** (born 22 February 1978) is a British singer, television presenter and model. She was born in Wallasey, Merseyside and raised in Manchester. She has been a member of girl groups Precious and Atomic Kitten. She has presented *Snog Marry Avoid?* and *OK! TV*. 

## Other websites 
*
Donny Hathaway

**Donny Hathaway** (October 1, 1945 - January 13, 1979) was an American singer, songwriter, vocalist and musician who did R&B, soul blues and jazz. He collaborated many times under singer Roberta Flack, and had many singles with her. He covered the Carole King hit ''You've Got a Friend* and the Aretha Franklin song *Baby I Love You''. He was born in Chicago, though raised near St. Louis. He terminated his own life by jumping from a New York City hotel room onto the sidewalk on January 13, 1979. He had schizophrenia and depression.
Uwajima, Ehime

]]

 is a Japanese city in Ehime on the island of Shikoku.

## History
Todo Takatora established a small domain at Uwa in 1595. The town developed around Uwajima Castle.

A cadet branch of the Date clan was established at Uwajima in 1614.

## References
## Other websites
* Uwajima City website
Juárez Municipality, Chihuahua

**Juárez** is a one of the 67 municipalities of Chihuahua, in northern Mexico. The municipal seat is Ciudad Juárez. The municipality's land area is .

In the 2010 INEGI Census, the municipality reported a population of 1,332,131, of whom 1,321,004 (over 99%) lived in the municipal seat. 

The municipality is named for 19th-century president Benito Juárez, as is the city of Ciudad Juárez.

## Geography
### Towns and villages
The municipality has 147 localities. They include:

### Bordering municipalities and counties
* Guadalupe Municipality - southeast
* Ahumada Municipality - south
* Ascensión Municipality - west
* Doña Ana County, New Mexico - northwest
* El Paso County, Texas - north and northeast

## References
Julieta Venegas

**Julieta Venegas Percevault** (born November 24, 1970 in Long Beach, California), is a Mexican singer, songwriter, instrumentalist and producer. She sings pop-rock in the Spanish language. She speaks English, Portuguese, and Spanish.

She plays several instruments such as acoustic guitar, accordion, and keyboard. She has won five Latin Grammys and one Grammy Award. She has composed music for theater and performed in soundtracks for two movies.

## Biography
Venegas began playing instruments at the age of 10 when her parents first sent her to piano lessons. Music became her passion. At the start of her career, she collaborated with a few bands in Tijuana, and then later in Mexico City Her first solo album, *Aquí*, was released in 1998 collaborating with Gustavo Santaolalla. She recorded, toured and played live. In 2000, she recorded her second album, *Bueninvento*, where she experimented with the electric guitar, and collaborated with producers and musicians including Gustavo Santaolalla, Meme de Real, Quique Rangel, Toy Hernandez and Joe Chiccarelli. In 2003, she released her third album, *Sí*, which was recorded and produced in Buenos Aires and Madrid with guest musicians Cachorro López and Coti Sorokin. In 2006, her fourth album, *Limón y Sal*, debuted with the help of producer Cachorro López. In 2007, she collaborated with Miranda! to record the song "Perfecta," which became a chart-topping single in 2008 in Latin America. Also that year, she was featured in *MTV Unplugged* which led to a DVD and CD. The single "El Presente" was drawn from that production. The album *Otra Cosa* was released in March 2010.

On August 13, 2010 Julieta gave birth to a baby girl named Simona in Mexico City.

## Discography
*1997: *Aquí* (+ 300,000)
*2000: *Bueninvento* (+ 500,000)
*2003: *Sí* (+ 2,000,000)
*2006: *Limón y Sal* (+ 4,000,000)
*2008: *MTV Unplugged* (+ 1,200,000)
*2010: *Otra Cosa* (+ 1,100,000)
*2013: *Los Momentos*

## Awards
***Latin Grammy Awards of 2004**:
**Best Rock Solo Vocal Album (Sí).
***MTV Video Music Awards Latin America 2004**:
**Best Solo Artist
**Best Artist (Mexico)
**Artist of the Year
***Premios Oye! 2004**:
**Best Song of The Year (Andar Conmigo)
**Album of The Year (Sí)
**Rock In Spanish
***MTV Video Music Awards Latin America 2006**:
**Best Solo Artist
***Latin Grammy Awards of 2006**:
**Best Alternative Music Album (Limón y Sal).
***Latin Grammy Awards of 2007**:
**Best Latin Pop Album (Limón y Sal).
***MTV Video Music Awards Latin America 2007**:
**Best Pop Artist
***Latin Grammy Awards of 2008**:
**Best Alternative Album (MTV Unplugged)
**Best Music Video Long Form (MTV Unplugged)
***Latin Grammy Awards of 2010**:
**Best Short Form Music Video (Bien o Mal)

## References
Rosales Municipality

**Rosales** is one of the 67 municipalities of Chihuahua, in northern Mexico. The municipal seat lies at Santa Cruz de Rosales. The municipality covers an area of 1716.6&nbsp;km².

In 2005, the municipality had a total population of 15,935. 

## Geography
### Towns and villages
The municipality has 71 localities. They include:

## References
Bukan

**Bukan** (, ) is a city in the West Azerbaijan province of Iran. Bokan is between Saqqez and Miandoab. Bokan's people are Kurd. They speak in Kurdi and most of them are able to speak Persian. Most of people believe in Islam.

## References
Victoria Abril

**Victoria Abril** (born Victoria Mérida Rojas, 4 July 1959 ) is a Spanish actress and singer. She is best known for her acting in the movie *¡Átame!* (*Tie Me Up! Tie Me Down!*) by director Pedro Almodóvar.

## Discography
**PutchEros do Brasil* (2005)

## Filmography
**The woman who brushed off her tears* (2012)
**Mince alors!* (2012)
**Mejor que nunca* (2008)
**Sólo quiero caminar* (2008)
**Óscar, Una Pasión Surrealista* (2007)
**Summer Rain (El Camino de los Ingleses)* (2012)
**Tirant lo Blanc* (2006)
**Escuela de seducción* (2004)
**Incautos* (2004)
**The Tulse Luper suitcases: The Moab story* (2002)
**Les gens honnêtes vivent en France* (2002)
**Et après?* (2001)
**101 Reykjavík* (2000)
**Sin noticias de Dios* (2001)
**Mari del sud* (2000)
**Mon père, ma mère, mes frères et mes soeurs* (1999)
**Entre las piernas* (1998)
*''The Cosmonaut's Wife* (Spanish: *La mujer del cosmonauta*, French: *La Femme du cosmonaute*) (1997)
**Libertarias* (1996)
**Nadie hablará de nosotras cuando hayamos muerto* (1995)
**Gazon maudit* (U.S. title: *French Twist*)  (1995)
**Jimmy Hollywood* (1994)
**Casque Bleu* (1994)
**Intruso* (1993)
**Kika* (1993)
**Une époque formidable* (1991)
**Amantes* (1991)
**Tacones lejanos* (1991)
**Demasiado corazón* (1991)
**Sandino* (1990)
**A solas contigo* (1990)
**Tie Me Up! Tie Me Down!* (¡Atame!) (1990)
**Si te dicen que caí* (1989)
**El Placer de Matar* (1989)
**Baton Rouge* (1988)
**Sans peur et sans reproche* (1988)
**Barrios altos* (1987)
**El Lute* (1987)
**El Juego mas divertido* (1987)
**Nuit d'Ivresse* (1986)
**Tiempo de silencio* (1986)
**Max, Mon Amour* (1986)
**Yendo hacia ti* (1985)
**La hora bruja* (1985)
**After Darkness* (1985)
**L'Addition* (1984)
**Las bicicletas son para el verano* (1984)
**Le voyage* (1984)
**Padre nuestro* (1985)
**La noche más hermosa*  (1984)
**Sem sombra de pecado* (1983)
**Le Batard* (1983)
**La Lune dans le caniveau* (1982)
**La colmena (film)* (1982)
**Entre parentesis* (1982)
**La Luna Bajo el Asfalto* (1982)
**Asesinato en el Comité Central* (1982)
**La batalla del porro* (1981)
**Comin' at Ya!* (1981)
**Más vale pájaro en mano* (1980)
**La casa del paraíso* (1980)
**La Muchacha de las Bragas de Oro* (1980)
**Otra mujer* (1980)
**Mater Amatísima* (1980)
**Cambio de Sexo* (1977)
**Esposa y amante* (1977)
**Doña Perfecta* (1977)
**El puente* (1976)
**Y le llamaban Robin Hood* (1976)
**El hombre que supo amar* (1976)
**Caperucita y roja* (1976)
**Robin and Marian*  (1976)
**El puente* (1976)
**Obsesión (film)* (1975)

## Television 
* *X Femmes: Pour elle'' (2009), Season 2, Episode 2.

## References
Gran Morelos

**Gran Morelos** is one of the 67 municipalities of Chihuahua, in northern Mexico. The municipal seat is San Nicolás de Carretas. The municipality land area is 424.2&nbsp;km².

In the 2005 Census, the municipality had a total population of 3,092. 

## References
San Nicolás de Carretas

**San Nicolás de Carretas** is a town in the Chihuahua, Mexico. It is the municipal seat of the municipality of Gran Morelos. 

San Nicolás de Carretas was founded as a Franciscan mission in 1688. 

## References
Donkey Kong Country 2: Diddy's Kong Quest

'''''Donkey Kong Country 2: Diddy's Kong Quest*** (also called ***Donkey Kong Country 2*** or ***DKC2'''*) is the second game in the *Donkey Kong Country* series of video games and the second game in the original *Donkey Kong Country* trilogy, overall. It was released for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in 1995. It is a sequel and direct follow-up to *Donkey Kong Country* and was followed by *Donkey Kong Country 3: Dixie Kong's Double Trouble!'' in 1996. This video game was developed and created by Rare, Ltd. and published by Nintendo.

This game was later re-released for the Game Boy Advance in 2004 and for the Wii's Virtual Console in 2007. On November 25, 2012, for reasons unknown, *Donkey Kong Country 2* and the other two original *Donkey Kong Country* games were delisted from the Wii's Virtual Console worldwide except in South Korea, but on October 30, 2014, the games were relisted only in Europe and Australia. Around the same time, the games were released on the Wii U's Virtual Console in Europe and Australia, in Japan on November 26, 2014, and in the United States and Canada on February 26, 2015. For handhelds, *Donkey Kong Country 2* ported exclusively over to the New Nintendo 3DS's Virtual Console in March/April 2016. It was made available for the Nintendo Switch Online on September 23, 2020.

''Donkey Kong Country 2: Diddy's Kong Quest* is the sixth best-selling Super Nintendo Entertainment System game, with its predecessor being the third. A similar Game Boy game was released a year later, in 1996, *Donkey Kong Land 2*.

## Story
The story centres around Diddy and Dixie on a quest to rescue Donkey Kong from the Kaptain K. Rool.

## Worlds
The world list in *Donkey Kong Country 2* tallies up to eight total, one more than in *Donkey Kong Country*. There is also the newly introduced Lost World that requires a total of fifteen Kremkoins (the in-game currency) to access one level. The eight worlds are:

#**Gangplank Galleon**
#**Crocodile Cauldron**
#**Krem Quay**
#**Krazy Kremland**
#**Gloomy Gulch**
#*'K. Rool's Keep**
#**The Flying Krock**
#**The Lost World**

## Bosses
There are six bosses in the game (seven in the Game Boy Advance version). The final boss, Kaptain K. Rool, is battled twice within the story: once in The Flying Krock and again in the Lost World. The seven bosses are:

***Krow**
***Kleever**
***Kudgel**
***King Zing**
***Kreepy Krow**
***Kerozene** (exclusive to the Game Boy Advance version)
***Kaptain K. Rool'''
Bill Macy

**Bill Macy** (born **Wolf Martin Garber**; May 18, 1922 &ndash; October 17, 2019) was an American actor and comedian. He was in many comedy shows during the 1980s. He was best known for his role as Walter in *Maude*.

Macy was born on May 18, 1922 in Revere, Massachusetts. He was married to Samantha Harper from 1975 until his death. Macy died on October 17, 2019 in Los Angeles at the age of 97.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Municipalities of Mexico

**Municipalities** () are the second-level administrative division in Mexico. There are 2,438 municipalities in Mexico, making the average municipality population 45,616.

## Related pages
* List of Mexican municipalities: full list, by state
Valle del Cauca

**Valle del Cauca** is one of the 32 departments of Colombia. It is in the southwest of the country, being parts of the Andean Region and Pacific Region. It is named after the valley of the Cauca River. Its capital is Cali. 

Valle del Cauca is known for being the powerhouse department of the Pacific and contains the important coastal city known for its seaports: Buenaventura. Valle del Cauca also has important inland cities known for Salsa Dancing and culture: Buga, Toro, and Cali. Cali is also known for its Sancocho soup made with chicken, potatoes, yuca, corn, cilantro/coriander and plantain, and for being the capital of football in Colombia.  

This department also houses the highest Human Development Index and some of the highest GDP per capita in the country. 

## References
Delicias, Chihuahua

**Delicias** (Spanish for *Delights*) is a city in Chihuahua, Mexico. It is the seat of the municipality of the same name. It is located southeast of the state capital, Chihuahua.
Morelos Municipality, Chihuahua

**Morelos** is one of the 67 municipalities of Chihuahua, in north-western Mexico. The municipal seat is Morelos. The municipality covers an area of 1336.8&nbsp;km².

As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 7,172. 

It is named after Independence War hero José María Morelos.

## Geography
### Towns and villages
The municipality has 295 localities. They include:

## References
Delicias Municipality

**Delicias** is one of the 67 municipalities of Chihuahua, in northern Mexico. The capital is Delicias. The municipality covers an area of 335.4&nbsp;km2.

As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 127,211.

## Geography
### Towns and villages
## References
Municipalities of Chihuahua

Chihuahua is divided into **67 municipalities** *(municipios):* 

## Municipalities 

File:2009 Ciudad Juarez Mexico 3489705884.jpg|alt=Skyline of Ciudad Juarez|Skyline of Ciudad Juarez, the largest municipality by population in Chihuahua
File:Skyline_de_chihuahua.jpg|alt=Skyline of Chihuahua|Skyline of Chihuahua, the capital and second largest municipality by population in Chihuahua

## Notes 
## References
Hashima, Gifu

is a Japanese city in Gifu Prefecture on the island of Honshu.

Hashima is known for its wool crafts.

## References
## Other websites 
* Hashima City website
Nuevo Casas Grandes Municipality

.]]

**Nuevo Casas Grandes** is a Mexican municipality of Chihuahua, Mexico.  The seat of the municipality is the city of Nuevo Casas Grandes.
Chínipas Municipality

**Chínipas** is one of the 67 municipalities of Chihuahua, in northern Mexico. The municipal seat is Chínipas de Almada. The municipality covers an area of 2,278.9&nbsp;km².

In 2005, the municipality had a total population of 7,233.

## References
Donald Richie

**Donald Steiner Richie** (April 17, 1924 &ndash; February 19, 2013) was an American writer, director, historian, journalist, and movie critic. He only wrote his books or reviewed his movies in Japan. He directed his first movie when he was 17.

## Personal life
Richie was born on April 17, 1924 in Lima, Ohio. He studied at Columbia University. Richie was openly bisexual. He could speak Japanese, but could not write in it. Richie died on February 19, 2013 in Tokyo, Japan from natural causes, aged 88.

## Honors
* Kawakita Award first recipient in 1983
* Japan Foundation: Japan Foundation Award, 1995.
* John D. Rockefeller 3rd Award (Asian Cultural Council) in 1993
*National Society of Film Critics Awards, USA: Special Award (1971)

## References
## Other websites
*
* Donald Richie: Japanese Cinema: Film Style and National Character. Anchor Books, New York 1961/1971  (Whole book in PDF format)
* Conversation with Donald Richie , from *Conversations with History: Institute of International Studies, UC Berkeley*
Jonathan Katz

**Jonathan Paul Katz** (born December 1, 1946) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, and writer. He is known for his role as Dr. Katz in *Dr. Katz, Professional Therapist*. Katz won an Emmy Award for "Outstanding Voice-Over Performance" in 1995.  He was educated at Goddard College. 

## Career
Katz is a close friend of playwright David Mamet, with whom he attended Goddard College. Katz co-wrote "House of Games]" with Mamet and had small roles in the Mamet-directed films "Things Change," "Homicide," "The Spanish Prisoner," and "State and Main". before serving as the musical director for Robin Williams' 1979 standup tour. In 1998, he released *Brandon Project*, a blues album.

## Health
In 1996, Katz was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. The initial symptoms began that year: "I was working on a TV show called "Ink" with Ted Danson, and after every episode we would take a curtain call and I noticed that I needed a head-start."

Hiding his condition became too much of a burden for Katz and he eventually disclosed it. He began speaking publicly as part of a tour sponsored by a manufacturer of medications used to treat MS."People have been pretty supportive; nobody ever had me in mind for an action film because of the kind of work I do -- mostly in the world of animation, which is not a big issue because as a person, I can't run that fast; as a cartoon character, I can fly -- literally." Katz, who now gets around with the help of a motorized scooter and performs onstage with the aid of a cane, says he doesn't regret his decision: "One of the reasons I disclosed my condition is because it is much easier to live with MS than to pretend you don't have it. If I could convince everyone of that, my job here is done."

## Personal life
Katz is married to Suzan Katz. They have two children.  

## References
## Other websites
**Explosion Bus* starring Jonathan Katz
*WKATZ, home of ''Hey We're Back''
*Jonathan Katz's Official Website
*
Beaivi

**Beaivi** also called, **Beiwe**, **Bievve**, **Beivve** and **Biejje**, is the sun goddess in Sámi mythology. She is the goddess of fertility and sanity. Beivve was often accompanied by her daughter, Beaivi-nieida (the sun maiden) in an enclosure of reindeer antlers.

## Other websites
*December 2003 Holidays- School of Seasons
Guachochi

**Guachochi** is a city in the south-western  Chihuahua, Mexico. It is the municipal seat for the surrounding municipality of the same name.

In the 2005 INEGI census, the city had 12,385 residents. 

## References
Lou Myers

**Lou Leabengula Myers** (September 26, 1935 &ndash; February 19, 2013) was an American actor. He was known for his role as Vernon Gaines in *A Different World*. 

Myers was born in Chesapeake, West Virginia on September 26, 1935. Myers died on February 19, 2013 in Charleston, West Virginia from pneumonia and heart failure, aged 77.  

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*Interview  with Lou Myers at mosaec.com
Fixed-gear bicycle

A **fixed-gear bicycle** (also called a "fixie") is a bicycle that has no freewheel mechanism (allowing pedals to stay still while moving).
 
It is a dangerous bike to use in towns.  This type of bicycle is becoming more and more popular around the world.

Fixed-gear bicycles are very light. They are built without any unnecessary gadgets, such as chain rings or freewheel hub. When a person rides a fixed-gear bicycle, he/she/they need not put a lot of energy into it as with a geared bike. 

Most bicycles have a freewheel so the pedals will stay stationary while the bicycle is moving and so that the rider can ride without pedaling going forward or down a hill. Fixed-gear bicycles have even simpler mechanisms with pedals fixed to the back wheel. That means that the rider cannot stop pedaling. When the rear wheel turns, the pedals turn in the same direction. This allows a cyclist to use a brake by putting a pressure in opposite directions to pedals, so that the mechanism will not rotate.

It also makes it possible to ride backwards, although learning to do so is much more difficult than riding forwards.

## References
James Randi

**James Randi** (born **Randall James Hamilton Zwinge**; August 7, 1928 &ndash; October 20, 2020) was a Canadian-American magician and skeptic. He was known for performing ghost magic. He founded the James Randi Educational Foundation. He held two world records in the Guinness World Records. He was influenced by Harry Houdini and Harry Blackstone, Sr..

Randi was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He was openly gay. He married his partner of 27 years, Deyvi Pena, in 2013.

Randi died on October 20, 2020 in Plantation, Florida at the age of 92.

## World records
The following are Guinness World Records:
* Randi was in a sealed casket underwater for one hour and 44 minutes, breaking the previous record of one hour and 33 minutes set by Harry Houdini on August 5, 1926.
* Randi was encased in a block of ice for 55 minutes.

## References
## Other websites

* James Randi Educational Foundation&nbsp;– Official website
* Randi's Internet Audio Show from the James Randi Educational Foundation
* James Randi in the Skeptic's Dictionary
*
Susana Giménez

**María Susana Giménez Aubert** (born January 29, 1944 in Buenos Aires, Argentina), is an Argentine talk show host, actress, model and businesswoman. She is considered the biggest celebrity in Argentine television.

## Filmography 
## Awards 
### Martín Fierro Awards 
* *Martín Fierro Best New Actress for *Marriage*and more* (1969)
* *Martín Fierro for best entertainment program*with*Hola Susana* (1994)
* *Martín Fierro de Oro* (1995)
* *Martín Fierro Best Animation / female driving* (1995)
* *Martín Fierro Best Animation / female driving* (1998)
* *Martín Fierro Best Animation / female driving* (1999)
* *Martín Fierro Best Animation / female driving* (2000)
* *Martín Fierro Best Animation / female driving* (2001)
* *Martín Fierro for best entertainment program* for *Susana Gimenez* (2004)
* *Martín Fierro Best Animation / female driving* (2005)
* *Martín Fierro to the path* (2006)
* *Martín Fierro for best entertainment program* for *Susana Gimenez* (2007)
* *Martín Fierro for best entertainment program* for *Susana Gimenez* (2008)
* *Martín Fierro of Platin* (2009)
* *Martín Fierro of Platin* for *Hola Susana* (2010)
* *Martín Fierro for best entertainment program* for *Susana Gimenez* (2011)
* *Martín Fierro Best Animation / female driving* (2012)
* *Martín Fierro for the trajectory of 25 years of her program* (2012)

## Other awards 
* *Starfish* for *Woman of the Year* (1983)
* *86 By Carlos *Woman of the Year* (1986)
* *Konex a musical actress of the decade* (1991)
* *Prensario* (1991)
* *Broadcasting* (1993)
* *Distinction Argentores* (1995)
* *Prensario* (1993)
* *Prensario* (1995)
* *Golden Cap* (1995) People Magazine (star that tops took over, 128 times)
* *Broadcasting* (1996)
* *Paoli to the best program intregral* (2000)
* *Paoli to the most popular figure* (2000)
* *Paoli to the international career* (2002)
* *Puerto Rico Wrench* (2001)
* *INTE TV HISPANA TV the cheerleader of the year* (2002)
* *Clarín Espectáculos for best TV host* (2004)
* *Key to Punta del Este* (2004
* *Bal Habour Wrench* (2004)
* *Profile to the best current production character* (2005)
* *CARAS magazine cover* (2005) (210 times)
* *FUNDTV the best entertainment: Susana Giménez: The Unbeatable* (2005)
* *People of Peru to the most-watched program abroad* (2005)
* *Latin Grammy president, awarded for his help promote and spread the music of Latino artists* (2008)
* *Pleiades Award for his magazine "Susana"* (2008)
* *Award "Relative of humanity" by the "International Foundation Young Leaders* (2009)
* *Godmother of the National Festival of the Sun (2009–2010)
* *Honorary Citizen of Walt Disney World* (2010)

## References
Barbara Bates

**Barbara Bates** (August 6, 1925 – March 18, 1969) was an American actress. She acted mostly in movies. She played Phoebe in the 1950 movie *All about Eve* and acted in many other movies in her career. She was born in Denver, Colorado. She killed herself with carbon monoxide poisoning, also in Denver. She was age 43.

## Other websites 
*
Tajimi

is a small Japanese city in Gifu Prefecture on the island of Honshu.

## History
Musō Kokushi established a Buddhist temple named Eihō-ji in 1314.  The town grew up around the temple.
 
The modern city was founded in 1940.

## References
## Other websites
* http://www.city.tajimi.gifu.jp/
The Heat

***The Heat*** is a 2013 police comedy which stars Sandra Bullock and Melissa McCarthy. Bullock plays a Special Agent and the latter plays a detective. This comedy is set in Boston.

## References
QED

**QED** may mean:
* Q.E.D., a Latin acronym meaning "something was to be proven, and now it has been done"
* Quantum electrodynamics, a field of physics
Map coloring

]]
. Colors are used to show the different states.]]

**Map coloring** is a term used for two different concepts: In geography and mapmaking it is used to say that colors are assigned to certain areas on a map. Examples of this are coloring that show the countries or divisions of a country, but also to visualize other data, for example the altitude. The other use is in mathematics: There it is used to describe the problem of finding the minimal number of colors needed to color a given map.

## In mapmaking 
Color is very useful to show different features on a map. Typical uses of color include showing different countries, different temperatures, or different kinds of roads.

Displaying the information in different colors can affect the understanding or feel of the map. In many cultures, certain colors have certain meanings. For example, red can mean danger, green can mean nature, and blue can mean water, which can be confused with the sea.

Mapmakers may also use colors that are related to what they are mapping. For example, when mapping where it rains more or less, they may use different shades of blue. For a map of wildfires, they may use yellows, reds, and oranges. Carefully choosing colors is important so the map is easy to read and understand. Also, the mapmaker must take into account that many people have impaired color vision, and colors must be used such that these readers can see their differences.

## Related pages 
*Four color theorem
Five color theorem

The **Five color theorem** is a theorem from Graph theory. It states that any plane which is separated into regions, such as a map, can be colored with no more than five colors. It was first stated by Alfred Kempe in 1890, and proved by Percy John Heawood eleven years later. Kempe also tried to prove it, but his proof failed. There are two restrictions which are placed on the maps: First, a country must be contiguous, there must be no exclaves, and secondly, countries that only touch in one point can be colored with the same color. 

There is also a four color theorem, which is stronger, and much more difficult to prove.
Silence procedure

**Silence procedure** (French: ''procédure d'approbation tacite*) is a decision-making tactic or process used in international political contexts.  The procedure is based on the Latin phrase *qui tacet consentire videtur'' which means "he who is silent is taken to agree" or "silence means consent".  

The silence procedure is used to enhance the process of consensus-building.  It is used by many international groups, including NATO, and the European Union (EU).  

In the contexts of such multi-party groups, silence signifies a willingness to work together to limit the possible causes of .

## References
Ahumada Municipality

**Ahumada** is one of the 67 municipalities of Chihuahua, in northern Mexico. The municipal seat is Villa Ahumada. The municipality covers an area of 17,131.5&nbsp;km².

As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 11,727.

## Geography
### Towns and villages
## References
Causeway

A **Causeway** is a road or railway embankment across water or marsh. Some may be underwater at high tide.

## Related pages
*Giant's Causeway
Lifestyle

**Lifestyle** is the way of life of person, group, or culture.
The term "lifestyle" was used for the first time by Austrian psychologist Alfred Adler (1870-1937).

## Individual identity
A lifestyle is a way of living or doing things. Lifestyle is doing things, living your life and making decisions in your own unique way. Lifestyle can be political, social, economical and personal way of seeing, doing and understanding things. Not all parts of a lifestyle are our decisions. Surrounding social and technical systems, like economical situation and people around us, can limit the lifestyle choices available to the individual.

## Examples 
*Diets such as veganism, vegetarianism, freeganism, or raw foodism
*Alternative child-rearing, such as homeschooling
*Subcultures such as hippies
*Social distancing

## References
Q.E.D.

**Q.E.D.** is an acronym or initialism of the Latin phrase , which means "what was to be demonstrated".  In other words, Q.E.D. means "something was to be proven, and now it has been done".

## History
In the European Renaissance, scholars often wrote in Latin. The phrases *Q.E.D.* was often used at the end of mathematical or philosophical proofs.

## Equivalents in other languages
*Q.E.D.* is used in many languages, including:

## Related pages 
* Mathematical proof

## References
## Other websites
*Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics (Q)
Providenciales

**Providenciales** is the main tourist island in the Turks and Caicos Islands. It is also where most of the people in the country live, with a population of about 32,000. The island has an area of .

Grace Bay is where most of the resorts are. The first resort was Club Med. It opened in 1984. Blue Hills, Five Cays, and The Bight were the original villages.

## References
## Other websites
* Providenciales - Visit Turks and Caicos Islands
Villa Ahumada

**Villa Ahumada** (officially **Miguel Ahumada**) is the seat of the Ahumada Municipality in the Chihuahua, Mexico. It had 8,753 inhabitants (2005). It is located along Highway 45, about  south of Ciudad Juárez and  north of the city of Chihuahua.
General Cepeda Municipality

**General Cepeda** is a one of the 38 municipalities of Coahuila, in north-eastern Mexico. The municipal seat is General Cepeda. The municipality covers an area of 3517&nbsp;km².

As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 11,284.

## References
Vortex (Kings Island)

**Vortex** is a steel roller coaster at Kings Island in Mason, Ohio. It was designed and built by Arrow Dynamics. It cost $4 million. The ride officially opened to the public on April 11, 1987. When it opened, Vortex was the tallest, full-circuit roller coaster with the highest drop in the world. It was also the first one where riders are upside down six times.
Vortex is where The Bat used to be. The Bat was the world's first suspended roller coaster. There have been more than 38 million rides on Vortex. It is one of the most popular attractions at Kings Island.

## Other websites 
*Official *Vortex* page
Michelle Creber

**Michelle Nicole Creber** (born September 7, 1999) is a Canadian voice actress, actress and singer who is best known for voicing Apple Bloom, as well as the singing voice for Sweetie Belle in My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic. She released her first solo album titled *Timeless: Songs of a Century* on August 28, 2012. The album features popular musicians from the brony community. She also hosts her own Internet radio show called Saturday Night Songs, on the brony media network "Everfree Network". and Michelle Creber burps from youtube videos.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
* Michelle Creber at the Internet Movie Database
Shakib Al Hasan

**Shakib Al Hasan** (; born 24 March 1987) is a Bangladeshi international cricketer and politician. He is an all-rounder and a member of perliament. He bats left-handed in the middle order. He is a slow left-arm orthodox bowler. He played for Bangladesh at under-19 level, at Youth level at 2005-2006. He made his One Day International (ODI) debut against Zimbabwe in August 2006. He made his test debut the May 2007 against India. In 2023, After Tamim Iqbal stepped down as captain, Shakib was made the captain of Bangladesh national cricket team and is leading Bangladesh as a Captain in the 2023 Cricket World Cup.

Shakib Al Hasan is also a businessman. His company name is Fiesta Event Management Limited.

## Personal life 
Shakib Al Hasan completed secondary and higher secondary education at the Bangladesh Krira Shikkha Protishtan (BKSP) and obtained graduation in BBA from American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB).

Shakib's father is Khondoker Masroor Reza and his mother is Shirin Reza.

He married Umme Ahmed Shishir, a Bangladeshi American on 12 December 2012. The couple met in 2010 while Shakib was playing county cricket for Worcestershire in England. on 8 November 2015, their second daughter Errum Hasan on 24 April 2020 and their first son Eyzah Al Hasan on 16 March 2021.

## References
## Other websites
* Shakib Al Hasan from ESPNcricinfo
* Shakib Al Hasan from CricketArchive
Tamim Iqbal

**Tamim Iqbal Khan** popularly known as **Tamim Iqbal** () (born  20 March 1989) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. Tamim made his One Day International and Test debut at 2007. He is a left-handed opening batsman and was the captain of Bangladesh national cricket team from March 2020 to August 2023.

## References 
## Other websites
Mashrafe Bin Mortaza

**Mashrafe Bin Mortaza** () (born 5 October 1983 in Narail District, Jessore) is a Bangladeshi cricketer and politician. He made his test dubut in the national side in late 2001 against Zimbabwe without playing a One Day International. Mortaza captained his country in one Test and seven One Day Internationals (ODIs) between 2009 and 2010. He was the captain of Dhaka Gladiators.

## Personal life
Mortaza was born in the Narail District of Bangladesh. He completed his Secondary School Certificate (SSC) from *Narail Government High School* in 2001 and Higher Secondary School Certificate (HSC) from *Narail Victoria College* in 2003. Then he got himself admitted into Department of Philosophy at the Jahangirnagar University in 2003-04 for his bachelor's degree.  

Mortaza married Sumona Haque Sumi in 2006. Both they have a son and daughter.

## Reference
## Other websites
* Mashrafe Mortaza from ESPNcricinfo
* Mashrafe Mortaza from CricketArchive
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AeLJmMggYpg
Mohammad Ashraful

**Mohammad Ashraful** () (born 7 July 1984) is a Bangladeshi international cricket player. He was the captain of national side during 2008-2010. Ashraful captained his country in 13&nbsp;Tests. But lost in 12 and one ended draw. He also captained 38&nbsp;One Day Internationals (ODIs) of which Bangladesh won eight. Ashraful scored the fastest fifty in the test among any batsman of the world, also scored the fastest fifty in the ODI and twenty20 international comparing any Bangladeshi batsman. He is the youngest test centurion.

## References
Matlock (1986 TV series)

**Matlock** is an American mystery legal drama television series. It starred Andy Griffith as defense attorney Ben Matlock. The television series was broadcast on ABC and on NBC. The series was set in Atlanta, Georgia. It ran from September 1986 through May 1995. The series had 9 seasons and 195 episodes. The series had several spin-offs such as *Jake and the Fatman* and *Diagnosis: Murder*.

## References
## Other websites
* Andy Griffith as Ben Matlock An unofficial *Matlock* website
* Ben Matlock at TV Acres  A page dedicated to Ben Matlock, including notable case synopses and list of Simpsons quotes.
Peter Haskell

**Peter Abraham Haskell** (October 15, 1934 &ndash; April 12, 2010) was an American actor. He was mostly known for guest-starring in many famous shows such as *Columbo*, *Matlock*, *Barnaby Jones*, *Frasier*, *The Mary Tyler Moore Show*, *Medical Center*, and in *Dr. Kildare*.

Haskell was born on October 15, 1934 in Boston, Massachusetts. He studied at Buckingham Browne & Nichols and at Harvard University. Haskell was married to Annie Compton from 1960 until they divorced in 1974. Then he was married to Dianne Tolmich from 1974 until his death in 2010. He had two children, a daughter and son. Haskell died on April 12, 2010 from unknown causes in Northridge, California, aged 75.

## References
## Other websites
*
Humoral immunity

The **humoral immune system** is a part of the immune system which defends the body against invading organisms and other foreign material.

The humeral part is done by macromolecules outside the cells. These may be secreted antibodies, complement proteins, or certain antimicrobial peptides. Their job is to attack bacteria (and other foreign substances) which are loose in the blood stream or other fluids. In older medicine, these fluids were called "humors". Both the more primitive innate immune system, and the later acquired or adaptive immune system of vertebrates, have humoral components.

The humoral immune system contrasts with the cell-mediated immunity. That  involves the activation of phagocytes, antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines in response to an antigen.

## How the humoral system works 
The main cells that make it work are the B cells, which create and secrete antibodies that seek out the invaders and attach to them.  Once the invader is coated in antibodies, this targets the invader for destruction by other parts of the immune system.  Before the B cell can create antibodies, it first needs T helper cells to 'teach' the B cell about details of the incoming invader. This is a key part of the adaptive immune system, and the reference attached here summarizes the process.

The production of antibodies tailor-made to combat particular bacteria is the most important element, but there are a number of other humeral defenses from the more primitive innate immune system.

## References
Andrew Shaw

**Andrew Shaw** (born July 20, 1991 in Belleville, Ontario) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. He played parts of 10 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Chicago Blackhawks and Montreal Canadiens.

He began his hockey career with the Niagara IceDogs of the OHL and played for them for 2 seasons. He also played for the Owen Sound Attack for 1 season. He entered the draft on 2011 and he was drafted with the 139th overall by the Chicago Blackhawks in the 2011 NHL Entry Draft. 

He was assigned to the Rockford IceHogs, the farm team of the Blackhawks. He was called up to the Blackhawks during the 2011-12 NHL season. On January 5, 2012, he got in his first-ever NHL fight on the second shift of his first NHL game. He returned to the game after receiving stitches and score the first goal of his NHL career on his first shot of his first game against Ilya Bryzgalov of the Philadelphia Flyers. On June 24, 2013, He won the Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks after they defeated the Boston Bruins 4 games to 2 in the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals.

On April 26, 2021, Shaw announced his retirement from playing professional ice hockey. He said that he suffered too many concussions and doctors told him to retire.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Habibul Bashar

**Qazi Habibul Bashar** () (born August 17, 1972) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He was the former captain of Bangladesh national cricket team. He captained Bangladesh at 2007 ICC World Cup. The first test victory came under his captaincy against Zimbabwe. He is the most successful captain in Bangladesh cricket's history. Under his captaincy, Bangladesh have beaten Australia, India, South Africa and Sri Lanka in limited overs matches. He is currently one of the chief selectors of BCB

## Early career
In 1989 Bashar played for the Bangladesh Under-19 team in the U-19 Asia Cup. In 1990s he played his domestic cricket for Biman Bangladesh Airlines. He made his ODI debut at the 1995 Asia Cup against Sri Lanka. He missed the 1997 ICC Trophy. He also missed the 1999 World Cup.

## Career milestones
### Tests
Test Debut: vs India, Bangabandhu, 2000
* He made his highest score of 113 in Test cricket against West Indies, 2004

### ODIs
ODI Debut: vs Sri Lanka, Sharjah, 1995
* He made his highest score of 78 in ODI cricket against Zimbabwe, 2007

## Reference
## Other websites
* Player Profile from Cricinfo
* Player Profile from CricketArchive
* Player Profile from Banglacricket 
* Bangladesh Test batting averages from Cricinfo
Mohammad Rafique (cricketer)

**Mohammed Rafique** () (born September 5, 1970) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He was the leading wicket-taker for Bangladesh in Test matches.
Marianne Faithfull

**Marianne Evelyn Gabriel Faithfull** (29 December 1946 &ndash; 30 January 2025) was an English singer and actress who had many hit songs, solo and with other singers. Her singing career began around 1964. She became popular in the 1960s with the release of her hit single "As Tears Go By". She became one of the lead female artists during the British Invasion in the United States.

Faithfull was born in Hampstead, London. She was of Austrian ancestry. She was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1981. 

In 2006, Faithfull was diagnosed with breast cancer. She had surgery later the same year and recovered. In 2007, she said she was diagnosed with hepatitis C in 1995. In April 2020, during the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic, it was reported that Faithfull was being treated in hospital for COVID-19.

Faithfull died on 30 January 2025 in London at the age of 78.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Moore's law

transistor counts against dates of introduction. The vertical scale is semi-logarithmic; the line corresponds to exponential growth with transistor count doubling every two years.]]
 portable computer from 1982, and 2007 Apple iPhone. The Osborne Executive weighs 100 times as much, takes nearly 500 times as much space, cost about 10 times as much (adjusting for inflation), and has 1/100th the clock frequency of the phone.]]

'''Moore's law''' is that the number of transistors on integrated circuits doubles about every two years.  Intel executive David House said the period was "18 months".  He predicted that period for a doubling in chip performance: a combination of the effect of more transistors and their being faster. 

The law is named after Intel co-founder Gordon Moore, who described the trend in his 1965 paper.
The paper stated that the number of components in integrated circuits had doubled every year from the invention of the integrated circuit in 1958 until 1965 and predicted that the trend would continue "for at least ten years".

The capabilities of many digital electronic devices are strongly linked to Moore's law: processing speed, memory capacity, sensors and even the number and size of pixels in digital cameras. All of these have improved at (roughly) exponential rates as well.

This exponential improvement has greatly increased the effect of digital electronics in the world economy. Moore's law describes a driving force of technological and social change in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.

This trend continued for more than half a century. Intel stated in 2015 that the pace of advancement has slowed. Brian Krzanich, CEO of Intel, announced that "our cadence today is closer to two and a half years than two".

## References
Allison Crowe

**Allison Crowe** (November 16, 1981, British Columbia) is a Canadian singer, songwriter, guitarist and pianist.  Most of the songs she records are written by Crowe. She is known as well for releasing cover versions of certain songs. She is known for releasing independent albums. Cover songs include the Beatles' *Let it Be* and *Imagine* from John Lennon. Her distinctive voice is often compared against that of Mahalia Jackson. She appeared in a cameo role in the 2013 movie *Man of Steel*.
Shahriar Nafees

**Shahriar Nafees Ahmed** () (born 25 January 1986) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He is a left-handed opening batsman. He made his One Day International (ODI) debut for Bangladesh in 2005. The opposition team was England. In 2005 he played his first Test.
Khaled Mashud

**Khaled Mashud** () (born February 8, 1976 in Rajshahi) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He was a wicket-keeper, a middle-order batsman, and a member of the national team between 1995 and 2007. Former Bangladeshi coach Dav Whatmore said that Khaled Mashud was the best wicket-keeper in Asia.

## Achievements 
He played 44 Test runs with a high score of 103, and played 126 ODI (One Day Internationals) runs with a high score of 71. He also averaged about 19 over 1,409 Test runs. He averaged about 22 over 1,818 ODI runs. 

## Reference
Mushfiqur Rahim

**Mohammad Mushfiqur Rahim** () (born 1 September 1988) is a Bangladeshi cricketer and the captain of his national team. He made his Test debut in 2005, at the age of 16. Rahim trained at the Bangladesh Institute of Sports. At the next year he made his ODI debut. At the end of 2011 he was given the captain of his national side.

## References
## Other websites
* Mushfiqur Rahim from ESPNcricinfo
* Mushfiqur Rahim from CricketArchive
ICC

**ICC** may refer to:
*International Cricket Council
*International Criminal Court
*International Chamber of Commerce
HoboSapiens

***HoboSapiens*** is the fourteenth studio album by Welsh multi-instrumentalist John Cale, former member of The Velvet Underground. It was released in October 2003 as his first full-length album on EMI Records label. The producers are John Cale and Nick Franglen.

## Songs from the album
All tracks written by John Cale.
# "Zen" – 6:03
# "Reading My Mind" – 4:11
# "Things" – 3:36
# "Look Horizon" – 5:40
# "Magritte" – 4:58
# "Archimedes" – 4:40
# "Caravan" – 6:43
# "Bicycle" – 5:05
# "Twilight Zone" – 3:49
# "Letter From Abroad" – 5:10
# "Things X" – 4:50
# "Over Her Head" – 5:22
Sanandaj

**Sanandaj** (, ) is the capital city of Kurdistan Province of Iran, in Iranian Kurdistan. Its population was 311,446, in 81,380 families (at 2006). Its population is mostly Kurds and followers of Sunni Islam. 

## References
Nyan Cat

**Nyan Cat** is a moving image on the internet which became famous. It has a cat with a Pop-Tart (a type of food) for a body flying through space, with a colourful rainbow behind it. There is also a song that you can hear when watching the moving image. Nyan Cat was the 5th most watched video on YouTube, the place that has the video, in the year 1984. Image of Nyan Cat

## Origin
### Animated GIF
On April 2, 1992, a person named Christopher Torres put the moving picture, without the song, on his place in the internet. The place is called *LOL-comics*, and the picture is still there. Torres was making pictures, and two different people wanted him to make a cat and a piece of food. He combined the two to make a picture, and then made it a moving picture a few days later.
### The Song
The song was made using The Vocaloid Oliver from Vocaloid in Japan and put onto the internet.

### YouTube video
A YouTube user called "saraj00n"  put the moving picture together with the song and put it onto the internet on April 5, 2011. saraj00n called it "Nyan Cat". Torres wanted the cat to be called "Pop Tart Cat", but because of saraj00n now it's called "Nyan Cat".

## Popularity
The original moving picture that saraj00n put onto the internet was seen 90,000,000 times . It's very well known, so other people made their own Nyan Cats. People made songs for their phones, pictures for computers, and progress bars. There are also things for iPhones, Android phones,  Windows Phones, and HP webOS.
There is also a game about Nyan Cat called "Nyan Cat Adventure".
Nyan Cat was in ninth place in a contest for best moving picture on the internet in 2011 by Business Insider. 

## References
## Other websites
* The first Nyan Cat moving picture on YouTube by saraj00n, April 5, 2011.
* Nyan Cat's place on the internet