open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Child sexual abuse

**Child sexual abuse** is a kind of child abuse when an adult or someone else with power (can also be a minor of any age) makes a child do any kind of sexual activities. In most cases, the position of power is important. The child is either unwilling or unable to consent. Children below the age of consent are unable to consent. In some cases activities such as  kissing and hugging may be included. Many countries have laws that provide for the case where both have about the same age, and at least one is below the age of consent. Such clauses are known as Romeo and Juliet clauses.

Sexual abuse does emotional harm to children. Some of the effects do not show right away, and appear when the child has grown up.  These effects can include depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, borderline personality disorder, a higher chance of later abuse, and physical injury. Suicide is one of the effects with victims being six times more likely to commit suicide and eight times more likely to attempt suicide over and over again throughout their lives.

There are different types of offenders. When a child is sexually abused by a family member, it is called "incest," and causes even more serious long-term psychological trauma than abuse by a stranger, especially when the incest is done by a parent. Child sexual abuse may be committed by pedophiles (adults who are sexually attracted to pre-pubescent children) or by people who are not pedophiles; there are different reports on the number who are or are not pedophiles.

Child sexual abuse is not rare. Around a quarter of all women and a tenth of all men were sexually abused when they were children. Different places in the world have different rates of child sexual abuse. Disabled children are more likely to be sexually abused than non-disabled children. For most children who are sexually abused, the person who abused them is somebody that they know.  Around a third of child sexual abuse is by a relative of the child, most often fathers, uncles or cousins. Only around a tenth of child sexual abuse cases were abused by strangers, and the rest are other people whom the child knows such as friends of the family, babysitters, or neighbors. Men are the offenders in most child sexual abuse; women are the offenders in around 10% of the cases.

## References 
## Further reading 
* 
* 
* 

## Related pages 
*Child pornography
*Child abuse

## Other websites 
* 

### Published articles 
* U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Executive Summary of the Third National Incidence Study of Child Abuse and Neglect,  1996. 
* Vigil, J. et al., A Life History Assessment of Early Childhood Sexual Abuse in Women,  *Developmental Psychology,* 2005.
George Hainsworth

**George Henry Hainsworth** (June 26, 1895 – October 9, 1950) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played for the Montreal Canadiens and Toronto Maple Leafs in the National Hockey League (NHL).

## Records 
*He is the all-time leader in professional shutouts with 104.
*His 94 shutouts are third on the NHL's all-time list behind Martin Brodeur's 96 and Terry Sawchuk's 103.
*Has the lowest career goals against average tied with Alex Connell.
*Holds the single-season shutout record with 22 shutouts, a mark likely never to be touched.

## Other websites 
*Hainsworth's statistics and bio at Hockeygoalies.org
*
Jesse James Hollywood

**Jesse James Hollywood** (born January 28, 1980 in Los Angeles, California) is an American drug dealer and former fugitive. He kidnapped and had someone murder Nicholas Markowitz.

## References 
## Other websites 
**Unsolved Mysteries* profile 
*Jesse James Hollywood  - Fox Network's America's Most Wanted profile
James Burke (gangster)

'''James 'Jimmy the Gent' Burke** (July 5, 1931 New York City – April 13, 1996 Buffalo, New York), was an Irish-American gangster. He was known for burying people he had murdered. In 2013 the FBI dug up the basement and garden of his old home searching for more human remains. Catherine married Anthony Indelicato, another criminal, in 1992. Burke was nicknamed **The Big Irishman** or **The Irish Guinea'*. Jimmy Conway, a character in the movie *Goodfellas'' and played by Robert DeNiro is based on Burke.

## References
## Other websites 
* The Chicago Syndicate
Patrick Roy

**Patrick Jacques Roy**, (born October 5, 1965, in Sainte-Foy, Quebec, Canada) is a Canadian retired ice hockey goaltender. Roy's professional career was with the Montreal Canadiens and Colorado Avalanche of the National Hockey League, winning two Stanley Cups with each team. In 2004, Roy was selected as the greatest goaltender in NHL history by a group of 41 writers, along with a fan poll. On November 13, 2006, Roy was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame.  He is the only player in NHL history to have won the Conn Smythe Trophy, the award given to the most valuable player in the Stanley Cup playoffs, three times.

Patrick Roy is the current head coach of the Colorado Avalanche, as of May 23, 2013.

## Career statistics
### Regular season
### Playoffs
### International
### Milestones
* His jersey number **30** has been retired by the Granby Bisons.
* His jersey number **33** has been retired by the Colorado Avalanche.
* In 1998, he was ranked number 15 on *The Hockey News*' list of the 100 Greatest Hockey Players.
* The Colorado Sports Hall Of Fame 2004
* QMJHL Hall of Fame
* Hockey Hall of Fame inductee 2006
*Was Ranked #5 in *The Hockey News*' The Top 60 Since 1967 - The Best Players of the Post Expansion Era

### Records
*Most NHL games played by a goaltender (1029)
*Second most wins as a Goaltender (551)
*Most NHL playoff games played by a goaltender (247) (Second most playoff games of all players)
*Most NHL playoff wins by a goaltender (151)
*Most Conn Smythe Trophy wins as a goalie (3)
*Most minutes played in the Goaltender position in the NHL (75444)

## Awards
* Stanley Cup — 1986, 1993, 1996, 2001
* Conn Smythe Trophy — 1986, 1993, 2001
* William M. Jennings Trophy — 1987*, 1988*, 1989*, 1992, 2002
* Vezina Trophy — 1989, 1990, 1992
* NHL All-Star Game — 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2003
* NHL 1st All-Star Team — 1989, 1990, 1992, 2002
* NHL 2nd All-Star Team — 1988, 1991
* NHL All-Rookie Team — 1986
* Trico Goaltending Award — 1989, 1990

Brian Hayward.

## References
## Other websites
*
Jesse James (Lucky Luke)

**Jesse James** is a Lucky Luke comic written by Goscinny and illustrated by Morris. The first of these French comics was printed in 1969 by Dargaudin 1881.

## Other websites 
* Lucky Luke official site album index 
* Goscinny website on Lucky Luke
Terry Sawchuk

**Terence Gordon Sawchuk** (December 28, 1929 in Winnipeg, Manitoba — May 31, 1970 in New York City, New York) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played 21 seasons in the National Hockey League for the Detroit Red Wings, Boston Bruins, Toronto Maple Leafs, Los Angeles Kings, and New York Rangers.

## Awards & Achievements
*USHL Rookie of the Year (1948)
*AHL Rookie of the Year (1949)
*Calder Memorial Trophy Winner (1951)
*NHL First All-Star Team (1951, 1952, & 1953)
*NHL Second All-Star Team (1954, 1955, 1959, & 1963)
*Vezina Trophy Winner (1952, 1953, 1955, & 1965)
*Stanley Cup Championships (1952, 1954, 1955, & 1967)
*Lester Patrick Trophy Winner (1971)
*Inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1971
*Inducted into the Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame and Museum in 1982
*In 1998, he was ranked number 9 on *The Hockey News*' list of the 100 Greatest Hockey Players, the highest-ranking goaltender
*On March 6, 1994 the Detroit Red Wings retired his #1 jersey
*Selected to Manitoba's All-Century First All-Star Team
*Selected as Manitoba's Player of the Century
*“Honoured Member” of the Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame

## Records
*NHL Record - Career Ties Leader - 172
*Sawchuk's NHL record for career shut-outs (103) stood for 39 years until broken by Martin Brodeur in 2009.

## Career statistics
### Regular season
## Other websites
* 
*
* Terry Sawchuk's biography  at Canadian Sports Hall of Fame 
*Terry Sawchuk’s biography  at Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame and Museum 
* Terry Sawchuk's biography  at Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame 
* Picture of Terry Sawchuk's Name on the 1952 and 1954 Stanley Cup Plaques
Jesse James (actor)

**Jesse James** (born September 14, 1989) is an American actor.

## Filmography 
### Movie 
* *Jumper* (2008)
* *The Flyboys* (2008)
* *The Darkroom* (2006) - J-Dawg
* *The Amityville Horror* (2005) - Billy Lutz
* *The Butterfly Effect* (2004) - Tommy Miller at 13
* ''Slap Her... She's French* (2002) - Randolph Grady
* *Fear of the Dark* (2002) - Ryan Billings
* *Pearl Harbor* (2001) - Young Rafe
* *Blow* (2001) - Young George
* *Bailey's Mistake* (2001) (TV) - Dylan Donovan
* *Hanging Up* (2000) - Jesse Marks
* *A Dog of Flanders* (1999) - Young Nello
* *Message in a Bottle* (1999) - Jason Osborne
* *Sorrow's Child* (1998) - Matt
* *Puppies for Sale* (1998) - Customer
* *The Gingerbread Man* (1998) - Jeff
* *Gods and Monsters* (1998) - Michael Boone
* *As Good as It Gets* (1997) - Spencer Connelly
* "A Dog of Flanders"  (1999)

### Television 
*Veronica Mars* (2007) - J.D. Sansone - *Papa's Cabin* 
* Monk* (2004) - Jared Stottlemeyer - *Mr. Monk and the Captain's Wife* 
*Family Law* (2002) - Jake Shaw - *Celano v. Foster* 
*Chicago Hope* (2000) - Dustin Moss - *Hopes of You* 
*Felicity* (2000) - Stephen - *Party Lines* 
* Angel* (2000) - Ryan - *I've Got You Under My Skin* 
*The Wild Thornberrys* (1999) - Gola - *Chimp Off the Old Block* 
*The X-Files* (1999) - poor boy - *The Unnatural* 
* ER* (1998) - Wilson Geary - *Good Luck, Ruth Johnson* 
*Walker, Texas Ranger* (1997) - Jebb Wilson - *Last of The Breed Part 1 and 2''

## Other websites 
*
2001–02 NHL season

The **2001–02 NHL season** was the 85th regular season of the National Hockey League. Thirty teams each played 82 games. The Stanley Cup winners were the Detroit Red Wings, who won the best of seven series 4–1 against the Carolina Hurricanes.

The Dallas Stars moved their home games from Reunion Arena to American Airlines Center.

The NHL honored the victims of 9/11 by having all players wear a patch on their jerseys, as well as a red, white and blue ribbon behind each net. 

For the second time in three seasons, no player reached the 100-point plateau.

## Regular season
### Final standings
***Note:** W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, OTL = Overtime Losses, GF= Goals For, GA = Goals Against, Pts = Points*

#### Eastern Conference
#### Western Conference
### Scoring leaders
***Note:** GP = Games Played, G = Goals, A = Assists, Pts = Points*

## Stanley Cup playoffs
### Playoff bracket
]]
***Note:** All dates in 2002.*

## NHL Awards
The **NHL Awards** presentation took place in Toronto.

### All-Star teams
## Debuts
The following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 2001–02 (listed with their first team, stars(*) mark debut in playoffs):
*Ilya Bryzgalov, Mighty Ducks of Anaheim
*Dany Heatley, Atlanta Thrashers
*Ilya Kovalchuk, Atlanta Thrashers
*Ales Kotalik, Buffalo Sabres
*Henrik Tallinder, Buffalo Sabres
*Erik Cole, Carolina Hurricanes
*Tyler Arnason, Chicago Blackhawks
*Radim Vrbata, Colorado Avalanche
*Pavel Datsyuk, Detroit Red Wings
*Sean Avery, Detroit Red Wings
*Kristian Huselius, Florida Panthers
*Stephen Weiss, Florida Panthers
*Nick Schultz, Minnesota Wild
*Martin Erat, Nashville Predators
*Brian Gionta, New Jersey Devils
*Raffi Torres, New York Islanders
*Trent Hunter*, New York Islanders
*Chris Neil, Ottawa Senators
*Vesa Toskala, San Jose Sharks
*Barret Jackman, St. Louis Blues
*Alex Auld, Vancouver Canucks

## Last games
The following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 2001–02 (listed with their last team):
*Jeff Norton, Boston Bruins
*Bob Essensa, Buffalo Sabres
*Mike Vernon, Calgary Flames
*Bob Probert, Chicago Blackhawks
*John MacLean, Dallas Stars
*Pat Verbeek, Dallas Stars
*Dave Manson, Dallas Stars
*Steve Duchesne, Detroit Red Wings
*John Vanbiesbrouck, New Jersey Devils
*Valeri Kamensky, New Jersey Devils
*Stephane Richer, New Jersey Devils
*Kevin Stevens, Philadelphia Flyers
*Rick Tocchet, Philadelphia Flyers
*Gary Suter, San Jose Sharks
*Ray Ferraro, St. Louis Blues
*Grant Ledyard, Tampa Bay Lightning
*Dmitri Khristich, Washington Capitals
*Benoit Hogue, Washington Capitals

## References
*Hockey Database
*http://nhl.com/
Charlie Gardiner

**Charles Robert Gardiner** (December 31, 1904 – June 13, 1934) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played for the Chicago Black Hawks in the National Hockey League (NHL).

Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Gardiner moved to Winnipeg, Manitoba with his family at age seven. He played junior hockey with the Winnipeg Tigers from 1921 to 1924, and then joined the Selkirk Fishermen senior team for the 1924–25 season. The next year, Gardiner joined the Winnipeg Maroons of the Central Hockey League, which the following season became the American Hockey Association.

He joined the Chicago Black Hawks in 1927 and played there for seven years. Gardiner won the Vezina Trophy in 1932 and 1934. He was a First Team All-Star in 1931, 1932, and 1934. In 1933–34, as captain, he led the Black Hawks to their first Stanley Cup. He died three weeks later in Winnipeg at age 29.

Gardiner was an original member of the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1945. In 1998, he was ranked number 76 on *The Hockey News*' list of the 100 Greatest Hockey Players.

## Achievements and awards
*NHL First All-Star Team Goalie (1931, 1932, & 1934)
*NHL Second All-Star Team Goalie (1933)
*Vezina Trophy Winner (1932 & 1934)
*Stanley Cup Championship (1934)
*Inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1945
*“Honoured Member” of Canada's Sports Hall of Fame
*“Honoured Member” of Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame and Museum
*“Honoured Member” of the Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame
*Selected to Manitoba's All-Century Second All-Star Team
*In 1998, he was ranked number 76 on *The Hockey News*' list of the 100 Greatest Hockey Players

## Other websites
* 
* 
*Charlie Gardiner's  biography  at Canadian Sports Hall of Fame 
*Charlie Gardiner’s biography  at Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame and Museum 
* Charlie Gardiner's biography  at Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame
Haines City, Florida

**Haines City** is a city in Polk County, Florida, United States. As of 2020, the city's population was 26,669. This makes it the third largest city by population in the county.

## Parks 
The city went without a public park as both Lake Eva Park and Railroad Park were both undergoing some sort renovations. From July 2008 through July 2009.

## Schools
The city has many schools in the area, including Haines City High School.

## Notable residents
*Wayne Gandy - NFL star for the Atlanta Falcons, born and raised in Haines City.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Official City of Haines City website
Frank Brimsek

**Francis Charles "Mister Zero" Brimsek** (September 26, 1915 – November 11, 1998) was an American professional ice hockey goaltender who played for the Boston Bruins and Chicago Black Hawks in the National Hockey League.

He remained with the Bruins until 1949, and played a final season with the Chicago Black Hawks. He was added into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1966 (the first American to earn HHOF membership) and was inducted into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame in 1973. In 1998, shortly before his death, he was ranked number 67 on *The Hockey News*' list of the 100 Greatest Hockey Players.

An annual award given to the top high school goaltender in the state of Minnesota is given in Brimsek's honor.

## Awards and Achievements 
* Calder Memorial Trophy (1939)
* NHL First All-Star Team Goalie (1939, 1942)
* NHL Second All-Star Team Goalie (1940, 1941, 1943, 1946, 1947, 1948)
* Vezina Trophy (1939, 1942)

## Other websites
* 
* The Frank Brimsek Award
Turk Broda

**Walter Edward “Turk” Broda** (May 15, 1914 – October 17, 1972) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender for the Toronto Maple Leafs. He was born in Brandon, Manitoba on May 15, 1914 to a Polish-Canadian family. He joined the Maple Leafs in 1936. Broda stepped away from hockey from 1943 to 1946 so he could fight in World War II. He returned to the Leafs in 1946.

## Awards & Achievements 
*Turnbull Cup MJHL Championship (1933)
*Memorial Cup Championship (1933)
*Vezina Trophy (1941 & 1948)
*NHL First All-Star Team Goalie (1941 & 1948)
*Stanley Cup Championships (1942, 1947, 1948, 1949, & 1951)
*NHL Second All-Star Team Goalie (1942)
*Inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1978
* In 1998, he was ranked number 60 on *The Hockey News*' list of the 100 Greatest Hockey Players
*“Honoured Member” of the Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame
*Inducted into the Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame and Museum in 1983

## Other websites
*
*Turk Broda 's  biography  at Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame
*Turk Broda’s biography at Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame and Museum
*
Ed Belfour

**Edward John Belfour** (born April 21, 1965) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. He played for the Chicago Blackhawks, San Jose Sharks, Dallas Stars, Toronto Maple Leafs, and the Florida Panthers. He has also played for Leksands IF of the Hockeyallsvenskan.

Belfour was born in Carman, Manitoba and grew up playing ice hockey. He played junior hockey for the Winkler Flyers before going to the University of North Dakota where he helped the school win the NCAA championship in the 1986-87 season. The following year, Belfour signed as a free agent with the Chicago Blackhawks (after not being picked in the draft) splitting his time between them and the Saginaw Hawks of the International Hockey League.

## International play
Played for Canada in:

*1991 Canada Cup Championship (backup goaltender)
*2002 Olympic Gold Medal (Team Canada)

## Awards & Achievements 
*MJHL Top Goaltender (1986)

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Belfour's Official Website
Scarlett Johansson

**Scarlett Johansson** (born November 22, 1996) is an American actress, model and singer. She is best known for her roles in the movies *The Avengers*,  *Lost in Translation*, *Girl With a Pearl Earring*, *Match Point*, and *The Prestige*.

## Early life
Scarlett Johansson was born in New York City, New York on November 22, 1996. Her father, Karsten Johansson, is a Danish-born architect originally from Copenhagen, and her paternal grandfather, Ejner Johansson, was a screenwriter and director. Her mother, Melanie Sloan, a producer, comes from an Ashkenazi Jewish family from the Bronx. Melanie's ancestors emigrated to New York from Minsk, Tsarist Russia. She has an older sister, Vanessa, also an actress; an older brother, Adrian; a twin brother, Hunter (who appeared with her in the film *Manny & Lo*); and an older half-brother, Christian, from her father's first marriage.

## Personal life
### Politics
Johansson is registered as an independent and campaigned for Democratic candidate John Kerry in the 2004 United States presidential election. About George W. Bush's 2004 reelection, she said, "[I am] disappointed. I think it was a disappointment for a large percentage of the population." Johansson also campaigned for Democratic candidate Barack Obama: Her efforts included appearances in Iowa during January 2008, where her efforts were targeted at younger voters; an appearance at Cornell College; and a speaking engagement at Carleton College in Northfield, Minnesota on Super Tuesday, 2008. Johansson appeared in the 2008 music video for The Black Eyed Peas front man will.i.am's song, "Yes We Can", directed by Jesse Dylan, a song inspired by Obama's speech following the 2008 New Hampshire primary. On February 7, 2012, Johansson and Anna Wintour hosted a fashion launch of pro-Obama clothing, bags and accessories, with proceeds going to the President's re-election campaign. She addressed voters at the Democratic National Convention on September 6, 2012, calling for President Obama's reelection and for more engagement from young voters.

## References
## Other websites
*
Ken Dryden

**Kenneth Wayne "Ken" Dryden**, PC OC, (August 8, 1947 &ndash; September 5, 2025) was a Canadian NHL goaltender and politician. Born in Hamilton, Ontario, on August, 8 1947, Dryden was originally drafted by the Boston Bruins in 1964. Rather than play in Boston, Dryden decided to pursue a Bachelor of Arts degree at Cornell University, where he also played hockey until his graduation in 1969.

At Cornell, Dryden led his team to the 1967 NCAA championship and three consecutive ECAC tournament championships. Ken Dryden made his NHL debut in 1970 for the Montreal Canadians, and became the backbone of six Stanley Cup winning teams in the 1970s. Dryden played from 1970 to 1979 (excluding the 1973-74 season when he retired to pursue the requirements for his law degree) and was elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1983. After retiring from hockey Dryden became an author and business man. His 1983 book *The Game* was a commercial and critical success being nominated for a Governor General's Award, the book was about the pressures of being a goalie in the NHL. He then became president of the Toronto Maple Leafs hockey club in 1997.

Dryden was the member of the Canadian Parliament for York Centre from 2004 to 2011. He was the Minister of Social Development from 2004 to 2006 for which he was named an Officer of the Order of Canada.

Dryden died from cancer on September 5, 2025 in Toronto, Ontario at the age of 78.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* Liberal Leadership Homepage
* 
* Draft Dryden for Leader 
* How'd They Vote?: Ken Dryden's voting history and quotes 
* Political Biography from the Library of Parliament
Shot (ice hockey)

A **shot** in ice hockey is an attempt by a player to score a goal by hitting the puck with their stick in the direction of the net.

## Other websites
*Shooting tips for beginners - Dunedin Ice Hockey Association
Glove (ice hockey)

There are three types of **gloves** worn by ice hockey players.  Skaters wear similar gloves on each hand, while goaltenders wear gloves of different types on each hand.

## Types of gloves
### Skaters' gloves
Skaters' gloves are designed to protect the players' hands from pucks, sticks, and skates. They do not play any role in the performance or play of the game.  

### Goaltender's glove
Goaltenders wear a different type of glove on each hand.  While these gloves do offer the goaltender a measure of protection, their design is to aid the goaltender in performance of his duties.  On the hand with which he carries his stick, often called the "stick hand," the goaltender wears a blocker with a large pad across the back of the forearm, usually extending just beyond the wrist.  National Hockey League rules mandate that the blocking glove may be no wider than eight inches and no longer than fifteen.  The goaltender uses this glove to stop shots.

On the other hand, often called the "glove hand", the goaltender wears a catching glove, similar to a baseball glove. NHL rules limit the perimeter of the catching glove to forty-five inches and the widest part of the glove may not exceed eighteen inches.
Amharic language

**Amharic** (አማርኛ *āmariññā*) is a Semitic language spoken in North Central Ethiopia by the Amhara.  It is the second most spoken Semitic language after Arabic, and the official language of Ethiopia. Amharic is also the official or working language of several of the states, including Amhara Region and the multi-ethnic Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region.Amharic has been spoken in Ethiopia since the late 12th century in various industries including the legal system, commerce, communications, the military and religion.

Also known as Amarigna, Amarinya, there are 25 million plus speakers of Amharic in various countries of the world, mainly in Ethiopia, & also in Eritrea.

Amharic uses a script which originated from the Ge'ez alphabet. It has 33 basic characters with each having 7 forms or variations for each consonant-vowel combination. Unlike the North Semitic languages such as Arabic, Hebrew or Syrian, the language is written from left to right.

Amharic is considered a Holy Language for the Rastafari religion, whose name itself comes from Amharic words Ras, literally signifying ‘head’, and having a similar meaning to the title ‘Duke’, and Täfäri, the name used by Haile Selassie I prior to his reign as Ethiopian regent and emperor until 1974. The religion uses Amharic in music and as a second language for many of its followers.

## References
2004–05 NHL lockout

The **2004–05 NHL lockout** resulted in the cancellation of what would have been the 88th season of the National Hockey League (NHL). It was the first time the Stanley Cup was not given out since 1919, and the first time a major professional sports league in North America canceled a complete season because of a labor issue. The lockout lasted 310 days starting September 16 2004, the day after the collective bargaining agreement (CBA) between the NHL and the NHL Players Association (NHLPA) that resolved the 1994–95 lockout expired. The two sides reached an agreement on July 13, 2005, and the lockout ended nine days later on July 22, after both the NHL owners and players accepted the CBA.

## References 
*
German idealism

**German idealism** is a group of theories in philosophy that began in Germany in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.  It was related to the Enlightenment and the French revolution. German idealists believed that nothing exists without the mind.  This means that while the world exists, our knowledge about the outside world is limited to our experiences. Kant, Hegel, Fichte, and Schelling were the most famous German idealists.

## Related pages
*German philosophy
*Transcendental idealism
Glenn Hall

**Glenn Henry Hall** (October 3, 1931 &ndash; January 7, 2026), also known as "Mr. Goalie", was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender. He was born in Humboldt, Saskatchewan, Canada.

During his National Hockey League career with the Detroit Red Wings, Chicago Black Hawks, and St. Louis Blues, Hall rarely missed a game, winning the Vezina Trophy three times, and the Calder Memorial Trophy. According to hockey lore, Hall threw up before every game and drank a glass of orange juice. 

Hall died on January 7, 2026 in Stony Plain, Alberta, Canada at the age of 94.

## References 
## Other websites
*
*Glenn Hall biography
*
Charlie Hodge

**Charles "Charlie" Hodge** (July 28, 1933 – April 16, 2016) was a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender. He played for the Montreal Canadiens, Vancouver Canucks, and Oakland Seals in the National Hockey League.

## Playing career 
Hodge's first NHL game happened in 1954 with Montreal.  But because teams at that time only carried one goalie, and Montreal had perhaps the best goalie of the time in Jacques Plante, Charlie was only used in emergency situations.  During this time, he played mostly in the AHL.  When Plante was traded in 1962, Charlie got his chance to play full-time.  He twice won the Vezina Trophy for best goaltender, once by himself in 1963–64 and shared with Gump Worsley in 1965–66. Hodge's name appears on the league championship Stanley Cup six times, although he only actually played in one of those finals.  He also played one game in the finals in 1955, but lost to Detroit.

## Achievement 
* Stanley Cup Champion as a goalie 1956–58–59–60–65–66 (Montreal)
* Stanley Cup ring 1991 as Scout (Pittsburgh), but left off the cup.
* Stanley Cup Champion 1992 as Scout (Pittsburgh)
* Played in finals 1955(losing to Detroit), 1965(winning with Montreal)
* Vezina Trophy 1964
* Vezina Trophy (shared with Gump Worsley) 1966

## Death 
Hodge died on April 16, 2016 in Vancouver, British Columbia from complications of a stroke at the age of 82.

## Other websites 
*
*Crusty old bird dog Hodge still beating bushes for talent , By Gary Kingston, *The Vancouver Sun*, May 26, 2007
2004–05 NHL season

The **2004–05 NHL season** would have been the 88th regular season of the National Hockey League (NHL). The season was canceled on February 16, 2005 because of an unfinished lockout that began on September 16, 2004. The loss of the 2004–05 season made the NHL the first North American professional sports league to cancel an entire season because of a labour issue. It was also the first time since 1919 that the Stanley Cup was not awarded. In 1919, the championship was canceled due to the ongoing Spanish flu pandemic.

## References
Johnny Bower

**John William "Johnny" Bower** (November 8, 1924 &ndash; December 26, 2017), nicknamed "The China Wall",  was a Hockey Hall of Fame goaltender.

Bower died of pneumonia on December 26, 2017 in Toronto at the age of 93.

## Awards
* Hap Holmes Memorial Award (best AHL goaltender, 3 times)
* Vezina Trophy (2 times, at that time awarded for allowing the fewest goals throughout a season).
* NHL First Team All-Star in 1961.
* Les Cunningham Award as the AHL's Most Valuable Player three times consecutively, one of only four players in North American professional hockey history (Bobby Orr, Wayne Gretzky and Paul Polillo being the others) to do so at any level of play.

## Career statistics
### Regular season
### Post-season record
## References
## Other websites
* 
* Age never got in Bower's way 
* AHL Hall of Fame bio
The Sports Network

**The Sports Network** (commonly known as **TSN**) is a Canadian English language cable television specialty channel and is Canada's first English language sports television channel. TSN started in 1984, in the second group of Canadian specialty cable channels. TSN is owned by CTV Speciality Television Inc; a division of Bell Media (80%) and ESPN (20%).

## Programming
**TSN features a variety of live sports programming, such as**:
* NHL hockey
* CFL football
* NFL football
* Curling
* NBA basketball
* IIHF Hockey Events
* Olympics
* NASCAR, along with other automobile competitions
* PGA Tour
* NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship, along with other NCAA basketball
* NCAA and CIS football
* Miscellaneous soccer

**TSN also features original TV shows about sports, including:**
* *SportsCentre* ''(not to be confused with ESPN's SportsCenter)*
* *Off the Record*
* *That's Hockey*
* *That's Hockey 2nite''

**TSN also airs non-original TV shows centred around sports, including**
* ESPN's *Pardon the Interruption*
* ESPN's *Around The Horn*
Hockey puck

A **hockey puck** is a disk used in some games serving the same use as a ball in ball games. The best-known use of pucks is in ice hockey, a major international sport.

Hockey pucks are hard disks of rubber that are used to play ice hockey. A standard ice hockey puck is black, 1&nbsp;inch thick (25.4&nbsp;mm), 3&nbsp;inches in diameter (76.2&nbsp;mm), and weighs between 5.5 and 6 ounces (156-170 g). Pucks are often marked with silkscreened team or league logos on one or both faces.
Foucault

**Foucault** can mean more than one thing:
*Michel Foucault (philosopher)
*Léon Foucault (physicist)
**Foucault pendulum
***''Foucault's Pendulum'' (book), a 1988 book by Umberto Eco
Tom Barrasso

**Thomas Patrick Barrasso** (born March 31, 1965) is an American retired ice hockey goaltender. He played a career total of 18 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Buffalo Sabres, Pittsburgh Penguins, Ottawa Senators, Carolina Hurricanes, Toronto Maple Leafs and the St. Louis Blues. During his first season, Barrasso won both the Calder Memorial Trophy, for best rookie, as well as the Vezina Trophy for best goaltender. Barrasso also won the Stanley Cup twice, both times with the Penguins, in 1991 and 1992. Barrasso retired in 2003.

## Other websites
*
*Tom Barrasso's profile at Hockeydraftcentral.com
Calder Memorial Trophy

The **Calder Memorial Trophy** is a yearly award given "to the player selected as the most proficient in his first year of competition in the National Hockey League." The award has been awarded 70 times since its beginnings in 1937. The voting is conducted by members of the Professional Hockey Writers Association at the conclusion of each regular season to determine the winner.

## History 
The trophy is named in honor of Frank Calder, the former President of the National Hockey League from its inception in 1917 to his death in 1943. Although *Rookie Of The Year* honors were handed out beginning in 1932–33, the Calder Trophy was first presented at the conclusion of the 1936-37 NHL season. After Calder's death in 1942 the trophy was renamed the Calder Memorial Trophy.  After that season, the rules for awarding the Calder were amended so that players could only be eligible if they were 26 years old or younger by September 15 of their rookie season. The trophy has been won the most times by rookies from the Toronto Maple Leafs, who have won it on nine occasions.

The voting is conducted at the end of the regular season by members of the Professional Hockey Writers Association, and each individual voter ranks their top five candidates on a 10-7-5-3-1 points system. Three finalists are named and the trophy is awarded at the NHL Awards ceremony after the playoffs.

## Winners 
, winner in 1947]]   
, winner in 1951]]

, winner in 1975]]
, winner in 1985]]
, winner in 1992]]
, winner in 1996]]
, winner in 2006]]
, winner in 2012]]

## Related pages
*List of NHL players
*List of NHL statistical leaders

## References
;General
*Calder Trophy history at NHL.com
*Calder Trophy profile at Legends of Hockey.net
;Specific
Afroasiatic languages

**Afroasiatic** (**Afro-Asiatic**), also called **Afrasian** or **Hamito-Semitic** or **Semito-Hamitic**, is a large language family. They are mainly spoken in Western Asia, North Africa, the Horn of Africa and parts of the Sahel. There are around 300 Afroasiatic languages that are still spoken. About 495 million people speak an Afroasiatic language as their first language. There are six branches of the language family: Berber, Chadic, Cushitic, Egyptian, Omotic and Semitic. The most spoken language is Arabic, a Semitic language. It has around 313 million native speakers.

The name "Semito-Hamitic" comes from Shem and Ham, two sons of Noah in Genesis.   

## References
St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda

'''St. John's''' is the capital of Antigua and Barbuda, an island nation in the Lesser Antilles. St. John's is located on the island of Antigua.

## References 
Hammand World Atlas Corporation, *Hammond World Atlas, Fifth Edition*, 2007, p.&nbsp;208
Nicktoons

**Nicktoons** are animated television shows which are produced by and aired on the children's television channel *Nickelodeon*. Before 1991, Nickelodeon aired mostly foreign made animated series. The idea for Nicktoons was formed in 1989 and on Sunday, August 11, 1991, the first Nicktoon, *Doug*, was aired followed by Rugrats and The Ren & Stimpy Show. This format was repeated every Sunday.

## List of Nicktoons
### Precursors 
### Full series
### Mini series
### Upcoming 
## Notes 
## References
Bambi, a Life in the Woods

***Bambi, a Life in the Woods*** () is a novel by Austrian author Felix Salten. It was published in 1923. The story is about a Roe Deer and his life as he grows up.

## Adaptations 
The book was made into a film called *Bambi* by Walt Disney Productions. The film is famous and received a midquel titled *Bambi II* in 2006. In the Disney films, Bambi was made a White-tailed deer. Scott Jeffrey Has Also A Forthcoming Horror Film Titled *Bambi: The Reckoning*, Which Will Serve As A Horror Reimagining of the novel.

## Other websites 
* Bambi, the Austrian deer , article by Paul A. Schons published in *Kulturecke* by the Germanic-American Institute, September, 2000
Rashidun Empire

**Rashidun Empire** or the **Islamic Empire** ()  or **Rashidun Caliphate** () are the terms used to describe the empire that was controlled by the first four successors of Muhammad (the "Rightly Guided" caliphs). The empire was founded after Muhammad's death in 632 and lasted until 'Ali's death in 661. At its height, the power of the Rashidun Caliphs extended throughout North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and the Iranian highlands.

## Origin 
After Muhammad's death in 632, the Medinan Ansar were debating who -among them- should succeed prophet Muhammad in running the affairs of the Muslims.  They chose Abu Bakr. So he became the first **Khalifa Rasul Allah** (*Successor of the Messenger of God*), and started a campaigns to for the Muslim Religion. At first he  the Arabian tribes which had left the Islamic community. As a Khalifa or Caliph he was not a monarch and never claimed such a title. His three successors also never claimed a title as monarch.

The first general of the empire was Khalid ibn Walid. During his campaign against the Persian Empire(*Iraq 633 - 634*) and Byzantine Empire (*Syria 634 - 638*) Khalid developed brilliant tactics. The Caliph Abu Bakr's way was to give his generals their mission, the geographical area in which that mission would be carried out, and the resources that, could be made available for that purpose. He would then leave it to his generals to accomplish their mission in whatever manner they chose, on the other hand Caliph Umar in later part of his Caliphate used to direct his generals as to where they would stay and when to move to the next target and who will be commanding the left and right wing of the army in the particular battle, this made the phase of conquest comparatively slower but provided well organized campaigns. Caliph Uthman used the same method as of Abu Bakr, he would give missions to his generals and then leave it to them how they accomplish it. Caliph Ali also followed the same method.

### Religion 
The state religion was Islam. The non-Muslim people were allowed to practice any religion they want to follow. But the Sharia Law was practiced in the state.
Islam was the guiding force of the Caliphate. Any act of state was first to be approved by the Qur’an and the Traditions of the Prophet Muhammed. If there were no such guide lines available then wisdom or Hikmat was used, after which if the act would go against the established principals, norms,system etc. it was not carried on with.

## References 
**Notes**
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

The **University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign** (**UIUC**) is a university in the state of Illinois, United States. It is the oldest and largest campus in the University of Illinois system.

The university has 18 Colleges that offer more than 150 programs of study. It is a selective state schools in the United States. Many of its popular undergraduate and graduate programs are ranked high in the US.

## History 
The university was established in 1867. It opened for classes on March 2, 1868 with only two faculty members and a small group of students. In 1982, the name of the university was changed from the University of Illinois to the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

## Colleges and schools 
The university has the following colleges and schools:
* College of Agriculture, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences 
* College of Applied Health Sciences 
* Institute of Aviation 
* College of Business 
* College of Education 
* College of Engineering 
* College of Fine and Applied Arts 
* Graduate College 
* Institute of Labor and Industrial Relations 
* College of Law 
* College of Liberal Arts and Sciences 
* Graduate School of Library and Information Science 
* College of Media 
* College of Medicine at Urbana-Champaign 
* School of Social Work 
* College of Veterinary Medicine

## Notable alumni and faculty 
Notable people associated with the university have been successful in fields such as science, business, and politics. The university has produced many Nobel Prize winners. 

John Bardeen, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1956 and 1972, worked on the faculty of the university from 1951 to 1991.
Roger Ebert, who became the first movie critic to win a Pulitzer Prize.

## Other websites 
* Official Website
Puklice

**Puklice** is a village in the Jihlava District, Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. About 760 people live there. It covers 10,92&nbsp;km². Puklice was first documented in 1318.
Gump Worsley

**Lorne John "Gump" Worsley** (May 14, 1929 in Montreal, Quebec – January 26, 2007 in Beloeil, Quebec) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender. Born and raised in Montreal, he was given his nickname due to friends deciding he looked like comic-strip character Andy Gump. He died of a heart attack.

## Achievements
* Stanley Cup Champion 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969(with Montreal)
* Won the Vezina Trophy in 1966 and 1968.
* Named to the NHL First All-Star Team in 1968.
* Named to the NHL Second All-Star Team in 1966.
* Played in the All-Star Game in 1961, 1962, 1965 and 1972.
* Owns the record for the most career losses in the NHL with 352.
* Currently 7th in all time games played, 15th in career wins and 24th in shutouts.

## References
**They Call Me Gump* by Lorne "Gump" Worsley with Tim Moriarty
**The Trail of the Stanley Cup*, Volume 3 by Charles L. Coleman
**The Complete Encyclopedia of Hockey* edited by Zander Hollander
*Hockey Hall of Fame Obituary 

## Other websites
*
*
*
*Subject of The Weakerthans song, Elegy for Gump Worsley
Michel Larocque

'''Michel 'Bunny' Larocque''' (April 6, 1952 - July 29, 1992) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played for the Montreal Canadiens, Toronto Maple Leafs, Philadelphia Flyers, and St. Louis Blues in the National Hockey League.

## Playing career
Larocque would help win four Vezina Trophies. During that time, the trophy was given to the main goaltenders on the team allowing the fewest goals in the regular season.  The first three were mostly because of the all-star play of Ken Dryden.  The final trophy was with Denis Herron and Richard Sevigny in 1981.  He would win four Stanley Cups with Montreal in 1976, 1977, 1978, and 1979.

## Career statistics 
## Other websites
*
United States Department of the Treasury

The **United States Department of the Treasury** is a Cabinet department and the treasury of the United States government. It was established by an Act of Congress in 1789 to manage government revenue.  The first Secretary of the Treasury was Alexander Hamilton. He almost single-handedly worked out the nation's early financial system, and for several years was a major presence in Washington's administration as well.  His statue still stands outside the Treasury building.

## Other websites
* United States Department of the Treasury website
* Department Of The Treasury Meeting Notices and Rule Changes  from The Federal Register RSS Feed 

## References
*"Enough Wise Men, The Story of Our Constitution" by Forrest McDonald -- Published by the Dominion of Canada and by Longmans Canada Limited, Toronto 1970
Lorne Chabot

**Laurent Edward Chabot** (October 5, 1900 – October 10, 1946) was a Canadian ice hockey goaltender. Lorne played in the National Hockey League from 1926 to 1937. During this time, he played for the New York Rangers, Toronto Maple Leafs, Montreal Canadiens, Chicago Black Hawks, Montreal Maroons, and New York Americans. Lorne won the 1935 Vezina Trophy for the being the league's best goaltender. He was the first hockey player to appear on the cover of Time Magazine.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Normie Smith

**Norman "Normie" Smith** (March 18, 1908 in Toronto – February 2, 1988) was a Vezina-winning goaltender for the Detroit Red Wings. Smith did not let in a goal by the Montreal Maroons in the NHL's longest game, a 176-minute, 30-second game, on way to a Stanley Cup championship in 1936. After suffering an arm injury, his quality of play dropped in 1937–38 and the Red Wings finished last. During a game in 1939, he did not show up, causing problems with Jack Adams. Normie Smith retired rather than report to the minor leagues. He returned to play briefly with the Detroit Red Wings when World War II left a vacuum of players in the NHL.

## Other websites
*Normie Smith biography 
*
Loose (album)

***Loose*** is the third studio album by Canadian singer-songwriter Nelly Furtado. It was released on 9 June 2006. It is her most successful album, selling more than 8 million copies worldwide. The hip-hop producer Timbaland helped Furtado recording this CD. It featured many hits including the U.S. number-one singles  "Promiscuous" and "Say It Right" and the European hit "All Good Things (Come to an End)".

## Track listing
All lyrics written by Nelly Furtado, except "Promiscuous" (lyrics written by Tim "Attitude" Clayton, Furtado and Tim Mosley) and "Maneater" (lyrics written by Furtado with additional lyrics by Jim Beanz).

;Notes
*  signifies a vocal producer
Dave Kerr

**David Alexander Kerr** (January 11, 1910 in Toronto, Ontario – May 11, 1978) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played 427 games in total, 327 of them with the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League (NHL).

## Playing career
He played amateur hockey before joining the NHL, winning the Allan Cup in 1930 with the Montreal AAA senior men's team. The next season was his first in the NHL, playing for the Montreal Maroons. The next season, he played in the IHL and after that played two more for the Maroons.

On December 14, 1934, Kerr was acquired by the Rangers. It is with the Rangers where he is most notable for playing. He played six seasons for them, becoming the Rangers' first regular goalie. He led New York to a Stanley Cup victory in 1940. That year, because of his 1.54 GAA and eight shutouts, he was a First Team All-Star and won the Vezina Trophy. He was also a second team All-Star in 1938.

## References
*
*http://www.newyorkrangers.com/tradition/alumnispotlight.asp?Alumni=Kerr
African penguin

The **African penguin** (*Spheniscus demersus*), also known as the **Black-footed** or **Jackass penguin**), is found on the south-western coast of Africa. It lives in colonies on 24 islands between Namibia and Algoa Bay, near Port Elizabeth, South Africa. The largest colony on Dyer Island, near Kleinbaai. Two colonies were established by penguins in the 1980s on the mainland near Cape Town at Boulders Beach near Simon's Town and Stony Point in Betty's Bay. Mainland colonies probably only became possible in recent times due to fewer predators, although the Betty's Bay colony has been attacked by  leopards. The only other mainland colony is in Namibia, but it is not known when this was established.

The African penguin may live up to 20 years. It grows up to 65 cm tall and weighs up to 3 kg. They eat fish, crabs and squids. The breeding time is 38 days.

Boulders Beach is a tourist attraction, for the beach, swimming and the penguins. The penguins will allow people to approach them as close as a meter (three ft). 

The closest relatives of the African Penguins are the Humboldt and Magellanic penguins found in southern South America and the Galápagos Penguin found in the Pacific Ocean near the equator.

## References
Harry Lumley

**Harry "Apple Cheeks" Lumley** (November 11, 1926 – September 13, 1998) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender in the National Hockey League.

Born in Owen Sound, Ontario, Canada, Lumley starred for several years with the Owen Sound Mercurys and later with the Owen Sound Orphans and then the Barrie Colts. He also played with the Indianapolis Capitals of the American Hockey League, a minor league team of the Detroit Red Wings. Lumley made his professional start in the National Hockey League, however, with the New York Rangers in the 1943–44 season, when he was loaned to the Rangers for a single game. He was the youngest goaltender to play in the NHL, as he was 17 years old.

## Awards and achievements 
*Stanley Cup Championship (1950)
*NHL First All-Star Team Goalie (1954 & 1955)
*Vezina Trophy Winner (1954)
*Inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1980

## Other websites 
*
*
*Picture of Harry Lumley's Name on the 1950 Stanley Cup Plaque 
*Harry Lumley Bayshore Community Centre