open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Shilling

shilling]]

The **shilling** is a unit of currency used in some current and former British Commonwealth countries. The word *shilling* comes from *scilling*, an accounting term that dates back to Anglo-Saxon times when it was said to be the value of a cow in Kent or a sheep elsewhere. The word is thought to derive from the base *skell-*, "to ring/resound" and the diminutive suffix *-ling*. The slang term for a shilling as a currency unit was a "bob".

The abbreviation for shilling is **s**, from the Latin *solidus*, the name of a Roman coin. Often it was informally represented by a slash, standing for a long **s**: *e.g.,* "1/6" would be 1 shilling and sixpence, often pronounced "one and six" (and equivalent to 18d; the shilling itself was valued at 12d). A price with no pence would be written with a slash and a dash, *e.g.,* "11/-". Quite often a triangle or (serif) apostrophe would be used to give a neater appearance, *e.g.,* "1'6"  and "11'-". In Africa it is often abbreviated **sh**.

During the Great Recoinage of 1816, the mint was instructed to coin one troy pound (weighing 5760 grains) of standard (0.925 fine) silver into 66 shillings, or its equivalent in other denominations. This effectively set the weight of the shilling, and its subsequent decimal replacement 5 new pence coin, at 87.2727 grains or 5.655&nbsp;grams from 1816 to 1990, when a new smaller 5p coin was introduced.

## References
Parliament of the Bahamas

The **Parliament of The Bahamas** is the bicameral national parliament of The Bahamas.  The parliament has an appointed Senate and an elected House of Assembly. It currently sits at Nassau, the national capital.

It is based on the Westminster system.

## House of Assembly
The House of Assembly is the lower chamber. It has 41 members.  They are known as Members of Parliament.  Each is elected for five-year terms. The House of Assembly performs all major legislative functions. The Prime Minister is the leader of the party who has the majority of the House of Assembly seats. The speaker of the House of Assembly is currently Mr. Alvin Smith.

## Senate
The Senate (upper house) has 16 members.  They are known as Senators.  The Senators are appointed by the Governor-General. Nine of these senators are selected on the advice of the Prime Minister.  Four are selected on the advice of the Leader of the Opposition. Three are selected on the advice of the Prime Minister after talking to the Leader of the Opposition. The Senate can pass Bills in the same manner as passed by the House.  It can also make amendments to the Bill. Those amendments will then have to be approved by the House of Assembly. The Senate may even reject a Bill that was passed by the House. The President of the Senate is currently Mrs. Lynn Holowesko from 2007. She succeeded Mrs. Sharon R. Wilson.
International Certificate of Competence

An **International Certificate of Competence** (**ICC**) is a certificate, which may be issued to anyone who has successfully completed certain *national boating licenses* or has successfully passed an *examination* to prove the necessary competence for pleasure boat operation.

## References
Association des professionnels navigants de l'aviation

The '''Association des professionnels navigants de l'aviation** (**APNA''') (in ) is a French aeronautical non-profit organization created in 1927 in order to "group, in a close community all those who belong, by their profession, to the civil aviation, and participate in the development of the national aeronautics, in conjunction with the public authorities, the manufacturers, the airlines and the professionals unions".

## References
Aviation Without Borders

**Aviation Without Borders** is a voluntary association created to put the flying skills of its members to the service of humanitarian assistance. It provides air transport for various NGOs in direct contact with affected people. The aircraft used generally belong to AWB and additional equipment can be rented for well defined missions.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Nomenclature des niveaux de formation

The **Nomenclature des niveaux de formation** (in English **national classification of levels of training**) is used, notably for statistical purposes, to measure the training completed by somebody. Two classifications are commonly used in France: The *nomenclature des niveaux de formation* (national classification of levels of training), established in 1969 by the *Commission statistique nationale* (national statistical commission), and the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), validated by UNESCO in 1997 and used for international comparisons.

The first one is used by the French Ministry of National Education, but also by the French employment agency, to classify jobseekers by education level, and by INSEE for the census, ...

## National classification of levels of training (1969) 
Built in reference to the one of 1967, this classification refers to a skill level (responsibility in employment).

### Level V 
Staff with a job normally requiring a level of training equivalent to the ''brevet d'études professionnelles* (BEP) or the *certificat d'aptitude professionnelle* (CAP), and by equivalence, of the *certificat de formation professionnelle des adultes* (CFPA).

This level corresponds to a full qualification for the practice of a specific activity, with the ability to use instruments and techniques relating thereto. This activity involves chiefly the performance of a work which may be independently conduct within the limits of the techniques related thereto.

### Level IV 
Staff with a jobs of control or highly skilled worker and can attest a level of training equivalent to that of the *brevet professionel* (BP), the *brevet de technicien* (BT), a *Baccalauréat professionel* or a *Baccalauréat technologique*.

A degree of level IV requires more theoretical knowledge than the previous level. This activity involves chiefly technical work which can be performed independently and/or entail executive coaching (control).

### Level III 
Staff with a jobs that normally requires a *Diplôme universitaire de technologie* (DUT) or a *Brevet de technician supérieur'' (BTS) or end of undergraduate higher education.
A degree of Level III corresponds to the knowledge and skills level, though lacking the knowledge of the scientific basis of the areas concerned. Capabilities and knowledge required ensure to be able to work autonomously or independently  responsibilities of design and/or coaching and/or management.

### Level II 
Staff with a middle management job that normally requires a training of a Bachelor's degree level or a first-year Master's degree level.

At this level, the practice of an employment contract or independent means knowing the scientific foundations of the job, generally leading to autonomy in carrying out this activity.

### Level I 
Staff with a middle management job that normally requires a training above the first-year Master's degree level.

In addition to strong knowledge of scientific basis of the job, a level I requires knowledge of process design and research.

## References
Kundalini

In the Hindu religion, there is a strong spirit energy called **Kundalini**.  It lives in all people but nearly always sleeps, curled like a snake near the bottom of their spine, in the first chakra.  If it ever wakes up, it climbs the spine and the other chakras, and the whole body and mind of the person fill with energy and understanding.  This feels so special that people cannot find words to say what it is like.  Some people try to wake kundalini up by meditation or yoga.  A person with awake kundalini can help, by sending energy to them.  This is called shaktipat.

Kundalini is a Hindu name, but ideas that are nearly the same come from all around the world.  Some of these are the Taoist 'greater kan and li', Egyptian 'sekhem', Hebrew 'shekinah', Christian 'Pentecostal fire', Kaballist 'secret fire' and Kalahari 'num'.

## References
Hammer toe

**Hammer toes** are a condition of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the second, third, fourth or fifth toe. The condition makes the toe permanently bent, and resembles a hammer. The **mallet toe** is a very similar issue which affects the distal joint area. Some people are born with these issues. Usually, these issues happen due to the wear of poorly fitting shoes that often force the toe to bend (particularly high heels) or shoes which are too narrow or short.

## Other websites
Oviraptorosaur

skull shape.]]

**Oviraptorosaurs** are a group of feathered maniraptoran dinosaurs from the Cretaceous period of what are now Asia and North America. They have short, beaked, parrot-like skulls, with or without bony head crests. They ranged in size from *Caudipteryx*, which was the size of a turkey, to the 8 meter long, 1.4 ton *Gigantoraptor*.  The most complete oviraptorosaur specimens have been found in Asia. 

The group (and all maniraptoran dinosaurs) is close to the ancestry of birds. Oviraptorosaurs might be primitive flightless birds. On the other hand, they might just be close relatives of the birds.

The earliest and most basal ("primitive") known oviraptorosaurs are *Protarchaeopteryx robusta* and *Incisivosaurus gauthieri*, both from the lower Yixian Formation of China, dating to about 125 million years ago in the Lower Cretaceous. Some fragmentary species, such as *Calamospondylus oweni* and *Thecocoelurus daviesi*, may have been even earlier members of the Oviraptorosauria. A tiny neck vertebra from England shares some features in common with oviraptorosaurs. It may represent an earlier occurrence of this group, at about 140 million years ago.

## Typical genera 
**Avimimus*
**Caudipteryx*
**Caenagnathasia*
**Gigantoraptor*
**Microvenator*
**Oviraptor*
**Protarchaeopteryx*

## References 
## Other websites
Mario Vargas Llosa

**Jorge Mario Pedro Vargas Llosa, 1st Marquess of Vargas Llosa** (March 28, 1936 &ndash; April 13, 2025), was a Peruvian writer, politician, journalist and essayist. Winner of the Nobel prize for literature, he was one of the most renown writers of modern times. He has written many books, plays and essays.  A few famous books are listed below:
* The City and the Dogs (1965)
* The Green House (1965)
* Conversation in the Cathedral (1969)
* Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter (1977)
* The War of the End of the World (1981)
* The Feast of the Goat (2000)

He received the Nobel Prize in Literature on December 10, 2010. His book *The Dream of the Celt* is about the life of Irishman Roger Casement.  Though it was published in Spanish 2010, the translation into English is still incomplete.

Vargas Llosa died on April 13, 2025 in Lima, Peru at the age of 89.

## References
Taika (era)

was a .  It was the first *nengō* and the *Hakuchi* was the second.    This period started in August 645 and ended in February 650.  During this time, the emperor was . 

## History
The system of *nengō*  the Chinese system of eras (*nianhao*).

### Timeline
The system of Japanese era names was not the same as Imperial reign dates.

## Events of the *Taika* era
* **645** (*Taika 1*):  Empress Kōgyoku abdicated; and her brother received the succession (*senso*).  Soon after, Emperor Kōtoku's new role as monarch was confirmed by ceremonies (*sokui*).

* **645** (*Taika 1*): Kōtoku introduces reforms of government called . The ideas and goals of this  were written.  For example, Kōtoku divided Japan into eight provinces.  Government officials who were ranked in a .

* **645** (*Taika 1*): The capital of Japan is moved from Asuka to Naniwa in Settsu Province.  The name of Kōtoku's palace was Toyosaki-no-Miya.

* **646** (*Taika 2, 1st day of the 1st month*):  Kōtoku established a regular calendar for the court, with major audiences scheduled only on certain days.  The emperor also ordered the creation of storehouses of goods and arsenals to serve the needs of a national army or militia.

* **649** (*Taika 5*):  A new system of government which was composed of eight ministries and 100 bureaus (*hasshō hyakkan*).

* **650** (*Taika 6*):  The daimyo of Nagato Province brought a white pheasant to the court as a gift for the emperor.  This white pheasant was then construed as a good omen. The emperor caused the nengō to be changed to Hakuchi (meaning "white pheasant").

## Related pages
* Asuka period

## References
## Other websites
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Calamosaurus

***Calamosaurus*** was a genus of small theropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous  of the Isle of Wight.

## Paleobiology 
As a possible basal coelurosaur, *Calamosaurus* would have been a small, , bipedal carnivore.  Naish *et al* 2001. estimate the living animal would have been around 3–5 meters long (9.8-16.4&nbsp;feet), with a small head given the build of the neck vertebrae.

There is too little material to say much more about it.

## References
Ajkaceratops

***Ajkaceratops*** (pronounced "oi-ka-se-ra-tops") is a genus of ceratopsian dinosaur described in 2010. It lived in the Cretaceous period in what is now Europe, in what was back then the Tethyan archipelago. It is a ceratopsian, and is beaked. *Ceratops* means "horned face" in Greek.

The generic name, *Ajkaceratops*, honors Ajka, a town in Hungary where the fossils where found.

## Description
The Ajkaceratops has a skull that looks a lot like a Protoceratops skull, except that it has a hump near the beak. The body is slender and long, compared to the skull. The tail is very short for its size. Ajkaceratops would have walked quadrupedally and eaten low vegetation. Ajkaceratops may have reached the part of europe in which it was found by Island-hopping. 

## References
List of elevation extremes by country

The following sortable table lists **land surface elevation extremes by country**.
## Table
## References
* CIA World Factbook 2006  (items marked * have been amended, see http://www.sol.co.uk/v/viewfinder/elevmisquotes.html  for supporting documentation). 
* World Tops and Bottoms, by Grant Hutchison, 1996, TACit Press, 
* Data supplied by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission.
Matej

**Matej** is a given name that originates from the Slavic nations of Eastern Europe. It is one of the most common male names in both Slovakia and Slovenia. It is also common in Croatia and Ukraine and less common in the Czech Republic. The name is originally derived from the evangelist disciple St. Matthew. Foreign versions of the name include Matthew in English, Mathäus in German, Matei in Romania and Matteo in Italian. Matej, being a Biblical name (see Acts 1:23) can be easily cross-referenced with the corresponding name in other languages. The Slavic pronunciation of the name consists of Matej with a soft "j". Matej in Ukraine and Russia is Matviy, and in Poland it is Maciej. The Hebrew version of the name is Mattithyahu or Matisyahu which translate to "Gift of Yahweh" in Standard Hebrew and Tiberian Hebrew. This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021).

## People 
* Matej Marin, Slovenian cyclist

## References
Atonement (movie)

***Atonement*** is a 2007 British romantic drama war movie. It is set in the 1930s and 1940s. It was directed by Joe Wright. It is based on 2001 novel Atonement by Ian McEwan. It stars James McAvoy as Robbie Turner and Keira Knightley as Cecilia Tallis. Her younger sister Briony Tallis is played by Saoirse Ronan at age 13, Romola Garai at age 18 and Vanessa Redgrave at age 77.

## Plot 
In the 1930s, a young girl named Briony Tallis wrongly accuses Robbie, the son of her family's servant, of a crime he did not commit. This lie destroys the budding romance between Robbie and Briony's sister, Cecilia, and Robbie is sent to prison. Years later, during **World War II**, Robbie is released to fight as a soldier in France, while Cecilia works as a nurse and waits for him. Briony, now an adult and feeling very guilty, also becomes a nurse and tries to find a way to apologize and fix the lives she ruined. At the end of the story, an elderly Briony reveals that Robbie and Cecilia actually died during the war and never saw each other again. She explains that she wrote a book giving them a happy ending as a way to find "atonement," or forgiveness, for her childhood mistake.

## Other websites 
*
AT&T Stadium

**AT&T Stadium** is the current retractable roof stadium for the Dallas Cowboys. It was opened on May 22, 2009 costing $1.3 billion. It is also used for concerts and other events. It was known as **Cowboys Stadium** from 2009 until 2013.

On July 25, 2013, it was announced that the Cowboys had agreed to grant naming rights to AT&T, changing the name of Cowboys Stadium to **AT&T Stadium**.

## Stadium design
AT&T Stadium is currently one of the world's covered stadium with 80,000 seats. A pair of nearly 300 ft (91 m)-tall arches spans the length of the stadium dome, anchored to the ground at each end. The new stadium also includes "more than 3,000 Sony LCD TV's throughout the luxury suites, concourses, concession areas and more, offering fans viewing options that extend beyond the action on the field," and a center-hung double sided jumbotron that is one of the largest high-definition television screens in the world. Large glass doors, allowing each end zone to be opened, were designed and built.

## Events
 being setup at AT&T Stadium]]
Besides having the Cowboys play there, AT&T Stadium has hosted the following sports events:
*Super Bowl XLV
*Big 12 Championship Game
*Cotton Bowl Classic
*Cowboys Classic
*Southwest Classic
*2010 NBA All-Star Game
*WrestleMania 32

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Lysyl oxidase

**Lysyl oxidase** is an enzyme which speeds up coacervation, a reaction which attaches protoelastin molecules to each other, creating the protein elastin. Elastin is a component of the human skin which lets it stretch without being deformed permanently.

Lysyl oxidase is made up of various amino acids (the building blocks of proteins) which make up the final protein: elastin. Elastin is made of valine, alanine, glycine, and proline.

## References
HEC Paris

The **École des hautes études commerciales de Paris** (often shortened to **HEC Paris**) is a business school in Paris, Doha and Abidjan. It was created in 1881 by Gustave Emmanuel Roy. 

It is one of a few privately run universities in France, which are called Grandes Écoles. The university offers different degrees in the field of economics and management. It is financed by the Chamber of commerce in Paris. It was founded in 1881. It awards the degree of Bachelor of Arts, Master of Science, as well as doctorates and other postgraduate degrees, such as MBAs and EMBAs. The school offers other courses, including an Executive Master in Innovation and Entrepreneurship in partnership with Coursera. 100% online, it aims to train senior managers specializing in these two areas within 18 months. It was opened in March 2017. About 4500 students are taught, about 600 finish their studies each year.

The head of the School is Éloïc Peyrache since January 2021. The school has its own incubator, the Incubateur HEC Paris.

Its alumni association, HEC Alumni, is one of the oldest social networks in the world.

## Research activities 
On September 15, 2020, the school co-founded with the Polytechnic Institute of Paris the artificial intelligence research center Hi! PARIS.

The school has three other research centers:
* The Society & Organizations Institute
* The Innovation & Entrepreneurship Institute 
* The GREGHEC (*Groupement de Recherche et d’Etudes en Gestion à HEC Paris*)

## Notable Alumni
* Jean-Paul Agon
* Christophe Cuvillier
* Emmanuel Faber
* Marc Houalla (1990), former head of the French Civil Aviation University
* Andreas Kaplan
* Bruno Lafont
* François-Henri Pinault
* Stéphane Richard
* Nicolas Sadirac (2011), founder of the ''École pour l'informatique et les nouvelles technologies''
* Gilles Schnepp
* Jean-Dominique Sénard
* Swaady Martin

## References
## Other website 
*
Melissa

**Melissa** [ m*uh*-**lis**-*uh* ] is a name given for females. The name is Greek and it means *honey bee*. It also refers to the plant lemon balm. Melissa is an exquisite name that has enjoyed popularity for centuries. It has a fascinating history and profound significance. The name Melissa originates from the Greek language and is derived from the word "melissa," which translates to honeybee. In Greek mythology, Melissa was a nymph who nurtured and looked after Zeus during his infancy. She nourished him with honey and concealed him from others. Zeus was immensely grateful to Melissa for her care and transformed her into a bee, hence the name Melissa became synonymous with bees and honey. The name *Melissa* was not popular in the US until around the 1950s; it was popular between the years 1960 and 1991. During the year 2010, fewer than 2,500 girls in the USA were given the name. Famous celebrities with this name include Melissa Joan Hart. This name was ranked #372 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

## People 
* Melissa Gilbert, actress and director
* Melissa Etheridge, American singer-songwriter
* Melissa Joan Hart, American actress
* Melissa Cristina Márquez, marine biologist

## References
Le Dieu Bleu

***Le Dieu Bleu*** () is a ballet in one act. Jean Cocteau and Federico de Madrazo y Ochoa wrote the story of the ballet. Reynaldo Hahn wrote the music. Michel Fokine designed the dances, and Léon Bakst designed the sets and costumes. The ballet was first  in Paris, at the Théâtre du Châtelet, on 13 May 1912.  It was a failure. Critics thought Vasdlav Nijinsky, the dancer for whom the ballet was designed, did more  than dancing. Producer Sergei Diaghilev blamed Hahn's music for the failure. *Le Dieu Bleu* was staged three times in Paris in 1912 and three times in London in 1913. The ballet has not been .

## Background 
The ballet impresario and producer Sergei Diaghilev staged two  ballets for the Ballets Russes: *Cléopâtre* in 1909 and *Schéhérazade* in 1910. Both were great successes with the Parisian public. He hoped that *Le Dieu Bleu*, another exotic ballet, would be equally successful. He lost interest in *Dieu*, but spent huge amounts of money on the production. He hoped *Dieu* would make Vasdlav Nijinsky a great international star. 

Hahn's music could have been the reason. It was not very good. Bakst based his ideas for the sets and costumes on the printed materials for the Cambodian Ballet's 1906 performances in France.

## First performance 
The ballet was first presented by Diaghilev's Ballets Russes in Paris at the Théâtre du Châtelet on 13 May 1912. Another ballet, *Thamar*, was also on the program. Both ballets were failures. Diaghilev was shocked by the failure of *Thamar*. He thought it would be another success like *Schéhérazade*. He was not surprised that *Dieu* was a failure. He privately blamed Hahn's  music for its failure. The music was dull. He was forced to use it because Hahn had rich friends in Paris. They would have cut their support of the Ballets Russes if the music had been turned down.

## Cast 
The ballet was designed for Nijinsky. He had yet to dance an important part for the Ballets Russes. He was cast as The Blue God. Diaghilev hoped The Blue God would make the dancer an internationally famous star. Other dancers in the ballet were Max Frohman as The Young Man, Tamara Karsavina as The Young Girl, Lydia Nelidova as The Goddess, and Michel Federov as The High Priest. Nijinsky's sister Bronislava Nijinska was cast as The Drunken Temple Dancer. The ballet was presented three times in Paris in 1912 and three times in London in 1913. Bakst's costumes and set were revived for a week-long Diaghilev Festival directed and staged by Andris Liepa in London, April 2011, with new choreography by Wayne Eagling to music by Scriabin. The role of the Blue God was played by Nikolai Tsiskaridze. That production was also not well received.

## Notes 
## References 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2011/apr/14/les-saisons-russes-xxi-review
* http://www.theartsdesk.com/dance/blue-god-firebird-les-saisons-russes-du-xxi-si%C3%A8cle-london-coliseum
* http://www.classicalsource.com/db_control/db_concert_review.php?id=9145 

## Further reading 
* 
* 
* 
*
Exuma

**Exuma** is a district of the Bahamas.  It has over 360 islands. The largest of the cays is **Great Exuma**. It is joined to another island, Little Exuma by a small bridge. The capital and largest city in the district is George Town. The entire island chain is 130&nbsp;mi (209&nbsp;km) long and 27 sq. mi (72&nbsp;km²) in area.

In 1783, American loyalists running from the Revolutionary War came to the island.

The islands are a popular spot for yachting, sailing, diving, and coral reef and cave exploring.  Many of the unnamed beaches and coves of the islands are in the Exuma National Land and Sea Park.
Central Abaco

**Central Abaco** is one of the districts of the Bahamas.  It is in the Abaco Islands. The district has the largest town in the Abacos, Marsh Harbour.  Some of the more notable settlements are listed below:

* Little Harbour
* Lake City
* Spring City
* Marsh Harbour
* Dundas Town
Croatian Liberation Movement

The **Croatian Liberation Movement** (, **HOP**) is a minor far-right political party in Croatia. 

HOP was formed by Croatians in exile. Ustaše was movement with nationalistic ideas. It also had fascist tendencies. After the Second World War, there were some fights concerning the leadership of Ustaše. In 1956, Ante Pavelić formed the Croatian Liberation Movement in Buenos Aires. The goal of HOP was to control the original Ustaše organization. Because of its roots, HOP is widely seen as a successor of the Ustaše. In the early 1990s, the state of Yugoslavia disintegrated, and the parts it was made of became independent republics. In 1991, HOP moved to Zagreb; and the organization was registered as a political party. In 1997, HOP came into public limelight for paying a requiem mass for the Ustaše leader Pavelić in the Church of Saint Dominic in Split.

## Mission
One of the goals of the Croatian Liberation Movement is to re-establish the state of Croatia with the borders it had during the Second World War. At that time, the state also included Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## History
Croatian Liberation Movement was founded by Ante Pavelić in Buenos Aires in 1956. In 1957, after some people tried to kill Pavelić, he and his family moved to Spain. Pavelić died on 28 December 1959, at the German hospital in Madrid. After Pavelić's death, his son-in-law Srečko Pšeničnik took over HOP. In 1960, he moved its operations from Buenos Aires to Toronto, Canada.

Another part of the HOP was established in Australia in 1963. The leaders of this group were Srećko Rover (from 1963 to 1967) and Stjepan Hefer (from 1967 to 1973). Many of this group's members were also members of the Australian Liberal Party. Some of them were said to have gone on military training exercises with the Australian Army Reserve, using the army's base at Wodonga in Victoria. Several members of the opposition Labor Party, including Justin O'Byrne, said that the HOP were using their status in the Liberal Party to hide many of these activities. When the Labour Party became the government in 1972, the Attorney-General gave the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation (ASIO) permission to spy on Srećko Rover and a few of the group's other members. This was because they thought they might be  insurgents for an overseas war.

When Yugoslavia was dissolved in the early 1990s, this organization moved to Zagreb, Croatia, where it was officially registered as a political party in 1991.

## References
## Further reading
* Memorandum from the Croat Liberation Movement to All Governments, Leading Statesmen and Publicist of the World Regarding the Struggle of Croatia for Independence, Croatian Liberation Movement (Buenos Aires), 1971
Abaco Islands

The **Abaco Islands** are in the northern Bahamas.  The islands are Great Abaco and Little Abaco, together with the smaller Wood Cay, Elbow Cay, Lubbers Quarters Cay, Green Turtle Cay, Great Guana Cay, Castaway Cay, Man-o-War Cay, Stranger's Cay, Umbrella Cay, Walker's Cay, Little Grand Cay, and Moore's Island.  The Abaco Islands make up five of the 31 Districts of the Bahamas: North Abaco, Central Abaco, South Abaco, Moore's Island, and Hope Town.  Towns in the islands include Marsh Harbour, Hope Town, Treasure Cay, Coopers Town, and Cornishtown.

The islands are a noted base for sailing activities in the Bahamas, as well as resort tourism.  The Abacos Islands in the Bahamas have four national parks: Pelican Cays Land & Sea Park, Abaco Wild Horse Preserve, Man-O-War Cay, and Great Guana Cay.

Marsh Harbour Airport and Treasure Cay Airport serve the islands.
Muret – Lherm Aerodrome

**Muret - Lherm Aerodrome** (ICAO code: **LFBR**) is located at Lherm in the Haute-Garonne département in the Occitanie region. It is  southwest of Muret.

A campus of the ''École nationale de l'aviation civile'' (French civil aviation university) is located on the aerodrome.

Every year, in May, the airport welcomes the air show Airexpo.

## Specifications 
* Airfield elevation : 189 meters
* Asphalt runway  : 1 100 m × 30 m
* Grass runway : 825 m × 50 m

## Air show 
* Airexpo, yearly air show

## References
Harbour Island

**Harbour Island** or **Harbor Island** may be:

Harbor Island:
* Harbor Island, Newport Beach, California, United States
* Harbor Island, San Diego, California, United States 
* Harbor Island, Potagannissing Bay, Michigan, United States
* Harbor Island (South Carolina) - one of the Sea Islands in Beaufort County, South Carolina, United States
* Harbor Island (Seattle), Washington, United States

Harbour Island:
* Harbour Island, Bahamas
* Harbour Island (Little Bay Islands), Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
* Harbour Island (Ramea Island), Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
* Harbour Island (Tampa), Florida, United States
Crooked Island, Bahamas

**Crooked Island** is an island and district of The Bahamas.  The main town in the group is Colonel Hill on Crooked Island. The population of Crooked Island was 350 at the 2000 census. The typical language known on the Crooked Islands is called Bahamian English, which is a mix of Queen's diction, African influence, and island dialect.

It is believed that first Post Office in the Bahamas was at Pitt’s Town on Crooked Island.
Hope Town

**Hope Town** is one of the districts of the Bahamas.  It is on the Abaco Islands and a small village on Elbow Cay.  In Hope Town, neither cars nor golf carts are allowed in the main part of town. Only bicycles and walking are allowed. 

Hope Town has one of the last working kerosene-fueled lighthouses in the world. This lighthouse was built in 1862.  It started working two years later.
Long Island, Bahamas

**Long Island** is an island in the Bahamas. Its capital is Clarence Town.  Long Island is one of the Districts of the Bahamas.  It is known as the most scenic island in the Bahamas.  The population is about 3,000 people.

Long Island is about 130 kilometers  long and 6&nbsp;km  wide at its widest point.  Long Island is about 265&nbsp;km  southeast of the Bahamian capital of Nassau.
Moore's Island

'''Moore's Island''' is one of the districts of the Bahamas.  It is on the Abaco Islands.

Moore's Island is one of the little cays off the main land of Abaco. It is about  long and  wide.  It is about  from Abaco. It has two towns. Hard Bargain is the capital and the other town is the Bight.
North Abaco

**North Abaco** is one of the districts of the Bahamas.  It is on the Abaco Islands. Some of the more known towns in this district include:

* Wood Cay
* Crown Haven
* Cedar Harbour
* Coopers Town
* Fire Road Village
* Black Wood Village
* New Plymouth
North Andros

**North Andros** is one of the districts of The Bahamas. It is also the largest district in the country. It has some of the largest towns on Andros Island.
List of National Football League stadiums

The following is a **list of current National Football League stadiums**, sorted by how many people it holds, their locations, their first year of usage and home teams.
## Shared stadiums
As of the current 2021 season, two sets of teams share a stadium—the New York Giants and New York Jets with MetLife Stadium, and the Los Angeles Chargers and Los Angeles Rams with SoFi Stadium—meaning there are only 30 full-time NFL stadiums.

The Steelers share a stadium with Pitt (college team). 

The Miami Dolphins share a stadium with the Miami Hurricanes (college team).

The Las Vegas Raiders share a publicly owned stadium with UNLV (college team) as co-tenants.

## NFL at overseas
The NFL uses several other stadiums on a regular basis in addition to the teams' designated regular home sites. The Jacksonville Jaguars currently have an agreement to play at least one regular-season home game per year at Wembley Stadium in London, England, as part of the NFL International Series through 2020. Another London venue, Tottenham Hotspur Stadium, is also a regular International Series host.
## Pro Football Hall of Fame Game
Fawcett Stadium in Canton, Ohio, is the location of the annual exhibition Pro Football Hall of Fame Game. 
## Capacity
The New York Giants and New York Jets' MetLife Stadium is the largest stadium in the NFL by its regular seating capacity. The Dallas Cowboys' AT&T Stadium can expand past that of MetLife Stadium by means of using standing-room and temporary seating, which makes AT&T Stadium currently the only NFL stadium capable of holding 100,000 or more spectators, though it normally only seats 80,000. With the opening of SoFi Stadium, the smallest NFL stadium is Soldier Field, home to the Chicago Bears.

## List
Stadiums are listed by their seating capacity for NFL games. Some stadiums can be expanded to fit larger crowds for other events such as concerts or conventions.

## References
South Andros

**South Andros** is a district of The Bahamas.  South Andros is known for the production of fresh conch, land crab, and spiny lobster.
Managed services

**Managed services** is the practice of outsourcing day-to-day management work. It is a calculated way for improved operations inclusive of production support and life cycle build/maintenance activities. The business owner or administrator, who has direct oversight of the organization or system being managed, is referred to as the client, or customer. The person or organization that manages and provides the service is regarded as the service provider. It is an alternative to the break/fix or on-demand outsourcing model where the service provider performs on-demand services and bills the customer only for the work done.

## Related pages 
* Outsourcing

## References
Biscarrosse – Parentis Airport

**Biscarrosse - Parentis Airport** (ICAO code: **LFBS**) is located at Parentis-en-Born in Landes departement of Nouvelle-Aquitaine region at 3.5&nbsp;km south-east of Biscarosse.

A campus of the ''École nationale de l'aviation civile'' (French civil aviation university) is located on the aerodrome.

## References
A La Costa Sud

'''''A La Costa Sud (La Musique De La Côte D'Azur)'''* is a compilation album imagined and produced by Italian musician and producer Pino Presti, published in May 2009 by Edizioni Musicali Curci.
The album consists of 3 CDs performed by 28 vocalists and / or instrumentalists who are from various continents and nations but who regularly perform in theaters, clubs and festivals in the French Riviera.

## Genres of music
The album includes many different styles of music ranging from jazz to Latin music, world music, funk, pop, electro, Nu Jazz and R&B.

## Video
The broadcasting of the photographic video of *A La Costa Sud* has been made by Monte Carlo Producer Note and by Cannes France, the complete guide to Cannes, France, which broadcasted it also during Cannes Film Festival.

## Artists 
* Scott Parker Allen - Amedeo - Gabriel Anfosso - Christophe Chapelle 
* François Chassagnite - Francesco Crosara - Groovy Daks - Les Dupont 
* Josh Fabris - Shirley Bunnie Foy - Thierry Galliano - Marc Guillermont 
* Jean-Marc Jafet - Nicolas Luchi - Georgia Mancio - Conjunto Massalia 
* Janysett McPherson - Montparnasse - Linus Olsson - Nina Papa - Ruben Paz 
* Pino Presti - Isa Rabaraona - Oxai Roura - Samba Um - Santos - Lilian Terry 
* Timothée *and performers'' Eric Alberti - Giancarmine Arena - Alain Asplanato 
* Claudio Citarella - Jean Luc Danna - Bruno De Filippi - Sandrine De Stefanis 
* Fred D'Oelsnitz - Antonio Faraò - Thomas Galliano - Neil Gerstenberg 
* Marc Peillon - Robert Perci - Fabrice Bistoni - Ronnie Rae - Benny Ross 
* Yohan Serra - Nicolas Viccaro - Yona Yacoub...

## References 
## Other websites 
*Official website 
*Video on NME
*allmusic
*Video on First Post
Governor-General of The Bahamas

The **Governor General of the Commonwealth of the Bahamas** is the representative of the Bahamian Monarch (currently King Charles III). The Governor General is responsible for selecting the Prime Minister.

## Governors-general of the Bahamas
## References
President of Jamaica
*Georgetown University
Castelnaudary – Villeneuve Airport

**Castelnaudary - Villeneuve Airport** (ICAO code: **LFMW**) is located at Villeneuve-la-Comptal in Aude departement of Occitanie region at 2.5&nbsp;km south-east of Castelnaudary.

A campus of the ''École nationale de l'aviation civile'' (French civil aviation university) is located on the aerodrome.

## References
Alpes–Isère Airport

**Alpes–Isère Airport** (formerly known as **Grenoble-Isère Airport**) , is an airport serving Grenoble.  It is 2.5&nbsp;km north-northwest of Saint-Étienne-de-Saint-Geoirs

## References
Château-Arnoux-Saint-Auban Airport

**Château-Arnoux-Saint-Auban Airport** (ICAO code: **LFMX**) is located at Château-Arnoux-Saint-Auban in Alpes-de-Haute-Provence departement of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region at 4&nbsp;km south-west of Château-Arnoux-Saint-Auban.

A campus of the ''École nationale de l'aviation civile'' (French civil aviation university) is located on the aerodrome.

## References
Carcassonne Airport

**Carcassonne Airport** ()  is an airport serving Carcassonne and the south of Occitanie. The airport is located on the western part of the city,  from the city center, in the Aude department. It is also known as Salvaza Airport,

## References
Montpellier–Méditerranée Airport

**Montpellier – Méditerranée Airport** or *Aéroport de Montpellier - Méditerranée* , also known as **Fréjorgues Airport**, is an airport in southern France. It is 7&nbsp;km east-southeast of Montpellier

## References
Treaty of Paris (1259)

The **Treaty of Paris** was a treaty between Louis IX of France and Henry III of England, agreed to on December 4, 1259. It is also known as **Treaty of Albeville**.  It was mainly about territories that England had obtained in 1180, in Normandy. Philip II of France had conquered many of these territories. England lost the Battle of Bouvines in 1214, and was weakened on the European mainland. Louis VII of France strengthened this position. The English were left with Gascony and Bordeaux. The treaty also gave the Channel Islands to England. Henry gave up control of  Maine, Anjou and Poitou, which had been lost under the reign of King John but remained Duke of Aquitaine and was able to keep the lands of Gascony and parts of Aquitaine but only as a vassal to Louis.

In exchange, Louis withdrew his support for English rebels. He also ceded to Henry the bishoprics and cities of Limoges, Cahors and Périgueux and was to pay an annual rent for possession of Agenais.

## References
Otradnoye

**Otradnoye** (, 59°47'N 30°49'E) is a town in northwestern Russia near Saint Petersburg. Its population is about 23,900 (2011). The territory of Otradnoye is about 70 square kilometers.

## Other websites
Spanish Wells

**Spanish Wells** is one of the districts of the Bahamas. It is a small town on the island of St. George's Cay   It is  wide by  long. About 1,500 people live here. Spanish Wells has a bridge to neighboring Russell Island. Spanish Wells is so small that many people get around the island using golf carts instead of full-sized cars.  

The area had a lot of property damage during a direct hit from Hurricane Andrew in 1992 and Floyd in 1999.

## References
Airexpo

**Airexpo** is a French airshow created in 1987. It is the third most important airshow of France. It is organized by the students of the universities ''École nationale de l'aviation civile* and those of the *Institut supérieur de l'aéronautique et de l'espace''. It is yearly organized and most of the time on the Muret - Lherm Aerodrome.

## Presentation 
The aircraft are representative of the world of aviation, from the Supermarine Spitfire to the F-18 Super Hornet, through the little Robin DR400. Proof of its quality and originality, the airliners are also regularly represented with the participation of Airbus and ATR, with the Airbus A380 and A340-600 or the ATR 72-500.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
West Grand Bahama

**West Grand Bahama** is one of 31 districts of The Bahamas. The district covers the entire western part of Grand Bahama island.  It does not include the city of Freeport, which is its own district.  Communities within West Grand Bahama include the settlements of Mack Town, Hunters, Lewis Yard, Pinder's Point, Eight Mile Rock, Hepburn Town, Bartlett Hill, Hanna Hill, Pine Dale, Martin Town, Russell Town, Jones Town, Sea Grape, Holmes Rock, Bootle Bay  and the westernmost settlement of West End.  

## Subdivisions 
West Grand Bahama is divided into four town areas or townships. Each township has its own chairperson. They are:
*Township of West End
*Township of Eight Mile Rock West
*Township of Eightmile Rock East
*Township of Pinder's Point
Greater Kashmir

**Greater Kashmir** is an English-language newspaper published in Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir. The newspaper started as a weekly newspaper in 1977. Since 1978, it is published daily. It is among the most widely read English-language newspapers in the territory.

## References
Qatar Bahrain Causeway

The **Qatar Bahrain Causeway** (also called the **Qatar Bahrain Friendship Bridge**) is a planned causeway between the two Arab states of Qatar and Bahrain. It was announced on 13 December 2008 that construction would start in early 2009. As of November 2010, construction had not started. On 27 April 2011, an announcement was made that building the causeway would start in 2011 for completion in 2015.

## References
Flag of Bahrain

Flag Ratio: 3:5]]

The national **flag of Bahrain** is a white band on the left, with a red area on the right split by five triangles.

Red is the traditional colour for flags of the Arab states of the Arabian gulf. The five points are for the five pillars of Islam.

It is very similar to the flag of Qatar, but that flag is darker, has more points, and is longer than the Flag of Bahrain.

## History
The oldest known flags of Bahrain were plain red. In 1820, Bahrain made a treaty with the United Kingdom.  A white stripe was added to show the truce. In 1932, a saw-like edge was added to make the flag of Bahrain different from its neighbours.

The flag first had twenty-eight white points. This was changed to eight in 1972. In 2002 the number was changed to five.  This was so that each of the points could stand for one of the Five Pillars of Islam.

File:Flag of Bahrain (1820-1932).svg|Flag used from 1820 to 1932.
File:Flag of Bahrain (1932 to 1972).svg|Flag used from 1932 to 1972.
File:Flag of Bahrain (1972-2002).svg|Flag used from 1972 to 2002.
File:Royal Standard of Bahrain.svg|Royal Standard since 2002.
Bahrainona

"**Baħrajnonâ**" (, ; "Our Bahrain") is the national anthem of Bahrain. 
Several changes were made to this song by a national police band which was formerly led by Colonel Moħammed Ṣedqi Għajâẋ. The lyrics (words of the song) were written by Jusef Għaṭṭeja ar-Rimâwi. The melody comes from at least the 1940s, but its composer remains unknown. It was later rearranged by singer and composer ‘Aħmad al-Ġomajri.

## Lyrics
### Arabic original
### Literal English translation
:Our Bahrain,
:Our King
:The symbol of harmony.

:High-ranking in its Constitution
:Thy Charter represents the Shari'a way, Arabism, :and the values
:Long live thy Kingdom of Bahrain!

:Thy country of nobles
:and cradle of peace.

:High-ranking in its Constitution
:Thy Charter represents the Shari'a way, Arabism, and the values
:Long live thy Kingdom of Bahrain!

## References
Bahraini

**Bahraini** may be:
* Something of, or related to Bahrain
* Bahraini people
*Bahraini cuisine

## Related pages
* List of all pages beginning with "Bahraini"
Eleuthera

**Eleuthera**, sometimes spelled **Eleuthra**, is an island in The Bahamas. It is  east of Nassau. It is long and thin— long and in places little more than  wide.
Constitutional monarchy

A **constitutional monarchy** is a form of monarchy. In a constitutional monarchy, a king or queen is the official head of state. However, their powers are limited by a constitution and they usually do not have much real power, as the legislative branch is the primary governing body. A constitutional monarchy is different than an  absolute monarchy because in absolute monarchies, the monarch is able to rule with full power, and is able to change the laws freely.

## Creation 
Constitutional monarchy first emerged in England.  At first, the British monarchy was absolute.  However, the nobility under King John felt that the king had abused his power, and forced him to sign a document called Magna Carta.  This document limited the powers of the king and made him somewhat responsible for the wellbeing of his subjects. The document, however was more focused on maintaining the ability of the nobles to have a say in what the king did.

Contemporary constitutional monarchies include the United Kingdom and Commonwealth realms, Belgium, Bhutan, Bahrain, Cambodia, Denmark, Japan, Jordan, Kuwait, Liechtenstein, Lesotho, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Monaco, Morocco, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Eswatini, Sweden, and Thailand.

## List of current reigning monarchies
The following is a list of reigning monarchies. Except where noted, monarch selection is hereditary as directed by the state's constitution.

## References
Teide National Park

**Teide National Park** is the most visited National Park in Spain and also one of the most visited National Parks in the world. 

Located in Tenerife (Canary Islands), it is centered around 3718m Mount Teide, the highest mountain of Spain and the islands of the Atlantic (it is the third largest volcano in the world from its base). It was declared a National Park on 22 January 1954, making it one of the oldest national parks in Spain. 

The park has an area of 18,990 hectares and was named a **World Heritage Site** by UNESCO on 28 June 2007. Since the end of 2007, it has also been one of the 12 Treasures of Spain. Midway up the mountain are the telescopes of the Observatorio del Teide. Territorially, it belongs to the municipality of La Orotava.

## Other websites
Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa

**Hamad bin Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa** (born 28 January 1950) is the King of Bahrain.  He became King on 14 February 2002.  He was also *Emir* from 6 March 1999. He is the son of Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, the previous *Emir*. He was proclaimed Crown Prince on June 27, 1964.

## References
## Other websites 
*
King of Bahrain

The **King of Bahrain** is the monarch and head of state of Bahrain. Between 1783 and 1971, the Bahraini monarch held the title of Hakim. From 1971 until 2002 the title was Emir. On 14 February 2002, the then-Emir of Bahrain, Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifa, said Bahrain was a kingdom.  He made himself the first king.

## List of monarchs
### Hakims of Bahrain (1783–1971)
The Arabic title of the Hakim was *Hakim al-Bahrayn*. The Hakim also held the honorific title of sheikh.

### Emirs of Bahrain (1971–2002)
The Arabic title of the Emir was *Amir dawlat al-Bahrayn*. The Emir also held the honorific title of sheikh.

### King of Bahrain (2002–Present)
The Arabic title of the King is *Malik al-Bahrayn*. The King also holds the honorific title of sheikh.
Synecdoche

A **synecdoche** is a figure of speech where a thing is referred to by one of its parts. Examples include:
*"Boots" meaning soldiers.
*"Wheels" meaning a car.
*"Pen" meaning writing.
*"America" for the United States.
*"Number 10" for the British Government.
Synecdoche is a form of metonymy, because it refers to its target by using a related term.

## Related pages
* Eponym
* Euphemism 
* Metonymy
* Newspeak
* Pun
* Trope

## References