open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Cyrus Vance

**Cyrus Roberts Vance** (March 27, 1917 &ndash; January 12, 2002) was an American lawyer, politician, and diplomat.

## Early life
Vance was born on March 27, 1917 in Clarksburg, West Virginia. He was raised in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Vance studied at Kent School, Yale University, and at Yale Law School.

## Career
Vance was United States Secretary of State under President Jimmy Carter from 1977 to 1980. and the Deputy Secretary of Defense.

As Secretary of State, Vance approached foreign policy with an emphasis on negotiation over conflict. He was very interested in arms reduction. In April 1980, Vance resigned in protest of Operation Eagle Claw, the secret mission to rescue American hostages in Iran. Edmund Muskie replaced him.

## Personal life
Vance married Grace Elsie Sloane in 1947. They had four daughters and a son. Vance lived in New York City during his final years. He was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in 1995.

## Death
Vance died at the Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York City on January 12, 2002 of pneumonia. His death was a complication from Alzheimer's disease. He was buried at the Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Virginia.

## References
## Other websites
*Oral History Interviews with Cyrus Vance , from the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library
*Cyrus R. Vance and Grace Sloane Vance Papers, 1957-1992, held at Yale University Library, Manuscripts & Archives
*
*Interview on French TV: Cartes sur table, 31 March 1980 (40 minutes)
Dave Strack

**Dave Strack** (c. 1923 &ndash; January 25, 2014) was an American basketball coach and player. He was the former university athletic director for the University of Arizona and head basketball coach of the University of Michigan. He is an inductee of the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Strack died on January 25, 2014 in Ann Arbor, Michigan from natural causes, aged 90.

## References
## Other websites
*Strack coaching stats
Alvey A. Adee

**Alvey Augustus Adee** (November 27, 1842 &ndash; July 4, 1924) was an American politicians and diplomat. He was a long-time official with the United States Department of State. He served as the acting Secretary of State in 1898 during the Spanish-American War.

## References
* Mellander, Gustavo A.(1971) *The United States in Panamanian Politics: The Intriguing Formative Years*. Daville, Ill.:Interstate Publishers. OCLC 138568. 
* Mellander, Gustavo A.; Nelly Maldonado Mellander (1999). *Charles Edward Magoon: The Panama Years*. Río Piedras, Puerto Rico: Editorial Plaza Mayor. . OCLC 42970390. 
*An Appreciation of Alvey Adee

## Other websites
*
Lawrence Eagleburger

**Lawrence Sidney Eagleburger** (August 1, 1930 – June 4, 2011) was an American  and diplomat.

## Early life
Eagleburger was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin on August 1, 1930. He was raised in Stevens Point, Wisconsin. Eagleburger studied at the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point and at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

## Career
Eagleburger served briefly as the Secretary of State under President George H. W. Bush. Previously, he had served in lesser capacities under Presidents Richard Nixon, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, and as Deputy Secretary of State under George H. W. Bush.

Eagleburger is the only career Foreign Service Officer to have served as Secretary of State.

## Personal life
Eagleburger married Marlene Ann Heinemann in 1966. They had three sons, Lawrence Scott, Lawrence Andrew, and Lawrence Jason. Their marriage would last until Eagleburger's death in 2011.

## Death
Eagleburger died of pneumonia at the University of Virginia Medical Center in Charlottesville, Virginia. He was 80 years old.

## References
## Other websites
* Sourcewatch article on Eagleburger.
* Lawrence Eagleburger profile, NNDB.
* Lawrence Eagleburger has been interviewed as part of Frontline Diplomacy: The Foreign Affairs Oral History Collection of the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training, a site at the Library of Congress.
Applause (Lady Gaga song)

"**Applause**" is a 2013 song performed by American singer Lady Gaga. It was released for her album *Artpop*. It was released on August 12, 2013, a week ahead of its original release date, because it was leaked.

## Background
"Applause" is an electropop and Eurodance song. It is about being famous and applauded by fans.
## Commercial and chart performance
"Applause" reached the top five in the United States, Canada, and the UK, while reaching the top ten in several other countries.  It was certified triple-platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America on May 29, 2015, for sales and streams equal to three million copies across the United States.

## References
SMT

**SMT** may refer to:

* Smt., abbreviation for seamount
* Simultaneous multithreading
* Surface-mount technology
* San Miguel de Tucumán, city in Tucumán province, Argentina
Varistor

A **varistor**, VDR, *(voltage dependent resistor)* is a type of resistor. It controls the current depending on the voltage.

In these devices resistance drops sharply at a certain threshold voltage. Once the voltage across the device reaches the threshold, there is a breakdown of the electrical structure in the vicinity of the grain boundaries, which results in its electrical resistance dropping from several megohms down to a few hundred ohms.  The major advantage of these is that they can dissipate a lot of energy, and they self reset–after the voltage across the device drops below the threshold, its resistance returns to being high.  

This makes them ideal for surge-protection applications.  As there is control over the threshold voltage and energy tolerance, they find use in all sorts of applications.  The best demonstration of their ability can be found in electrical substations, where they are employed to protect the infrastructure from lightning strikes.  They have rapid response, are low maintenance, and do not appreciably degrade from use, making them virtually ideal devices for this application.

They can be used to protect electronics from voltages that could damage components.
Wheathampstead

**Wheathampstead** is a village and civil parish north of St Albans. It is part of the City and District of St Albans, in Hertfordshire. Its parliamentary constituency is Hitchin and Harpenden. The village is on the River Lea (or Lee), a tributary of the Thames.

The population of Wheathampstead at the time of the 2001 census was 6,058.

## History
Settlements in this area were made about 50 BC by Belgic invaders. They moved up the rivers Thames and Lea from what is now Belgium. Evidence for them was found in Devil's Dyke, at the eastern side of Wheathampstead.

The Devil's Dyke earthworks are remains of an ancient settlement of the Catuvellauni. It is thought to have been the tribe's original capital. The capital was moved to Verlamion, later the Roman Verulamium. This became the modern St Albans.

The Devil's Dyke is reputedly where Julius Caesar defeated Cassivellaunus in 54 BC, although this claim is disputed. The Dyke may have been part of the same defensive rampart as nearby Beech Bottom Dyke. If correct, this would make the area one of the largest and most important British Iron Age settlements.

Later, the village is recorded in the Domesday Book under name *Watamestede*. It appears that a church existed at Wheathampstead before the Norman Conquest, as Wheathampstead was given by Edward the Confessor to Westminster Abbey. The original structure was demolished in the reign of Henry III, and the oldest part of the present church dates to about 1280. The main doorways to the church (in the chancel section) and the windows are Early English pointed arches.

## References
Tupou VI

**Tupou VI** (Tongan: **ʻAhoʻeitu ʻUnuakiʻotonga Tukuʻaho**; born 12 July 1959) is the king of Tonga. He was chosen as the inheritor of the throne by his elder brother, Tupou V, in 2006. After Tupou V died in 2012, he inherited the throne and was given the name "Tupou VI".

## References
|-

|-

|-

|-

## References
Norman Quijano

**Norman Noel Quijano Gonzalez** (born November 2, 1946) is an Salvadoran politician. He was the mayor of San Salvador from May 2009 through August 2013. He was the President of the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador from May 2018 to November 2019.

## Early life
Quijano was born **Norman Noel Quijano Gonzalez** on November 2, 1946 in Santa Ana, El Salvador.

## Career
In 2008, he was appointed as the candidate of the Nationalist Republican Alliance for mayor of San Salvador. He won the elections on January 18, 2009. He defeated the incumbent mayor Violeta Menjívar. He was inaugurated as mayor on May 1, 2009.  He was reelected as mayor in 2012. 

### Presidential election
In August 20 2012, he was appointed as ARENA's presidential candidate for 2014 elections. On August 15, 2013, Quijano resigned his office as mayor, so that he can run for president. He was succeeded by Gloria Calderón de Oñate.

## Legal issues
In April 2024, Norman Quijano was sentenced in absentia to 13 years and 4 months in prison for election fraud and illegal association. However, Quijano and his lawyers said the trial was unfair and part of political persecution. They said there was no video or audio proof, and that the main witnesses—who were gang members—did not come to court and could not be found. The case is still under appeal in the Supreme Court of El Salvador.

In March 2025, Quijano was detained by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement while he was asking for political asylum in the United States. He said he could be in danger if he returned to El Salvador.

## References
## Other websites
*Official biography in Spanish
Happy (Pharrell Williams song)

"**Happy**" is a 2013 song performed by American singer and producer Pharrell Williams. It was released as a soundtrack for the animated movie *Despicable Me 2.*

It was released for the album Despicable Me 2: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack. It was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song and is nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song. It was ranked at number one at the Ireland musical charts.

## Composition
"Happy" was written and produced by Pharrell Williams. Williams is the lead vocalist throughout the song, while the backing vocals are performed by Rhea Dummett, Trevon Henderson, Shamika Hightower, Ashley L. Lee, Jasmine Murray and Terrence Rolle. The song was recorded at Circle House Studios in Miami, Florida in 2013 and later mixed at Music Box Studios in Atlanta, Georgia.

"Happy" is 3 minutes and 53 seconds long and has a tempo of 160 beats per minute.

## Chart performance
In October 2013, a month prior to its release, "Happy" reached the number-one spot on the Dutch Top 40 chart in the Netherlands, partially as a result of radio station 3FM airplay and online downloads, as well as featuring in a Transavia commercial.

"Happy" reached the top of the US *Billboard* Hot 100 for the week ending March 1, 2014. This became the fourth song featuring Pharrell Williams to top this chart, however it is the first song with Williams as the lead vocalist to do so. By March 2014, more than 3 million units of the song were sold in the United States.

In the United Kingdom, "Happy" debuted outside the Top 70 of the UK Singles Chart on 1 December 2013 and eventually reached the number-one position on 29 December. It was the third song featuring Pharrell Williams to chart at number one in 2013, making Williams the first artist to have three number-one singles in the United Kingdom since 2009.

In Australia, "Happy" reached the number-one position on the ARIA Singles Chart on 6 January 2014 and spent 12 non-consecutive weeks at that position.

In New Zealand, "Happy" reached the number-one position on the NZ Top 40 Singles Chart on 6 January 2014 and has spent 15 non-consecutive weeks at that position. On 28 April 2014, its 15th week at the number-one position, it became the song with the most weeks at the number-one position in the chart's history.

Other countries in which "Happy" has reached the number-one position on a national singles chart include Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland and Venezuela.

## References
Shiprock

**Shiprock** is the remains of an extinct volcano in the U.S. state of New Mexico. 

Shiprock is composed of fractured volcanic breccia and black dikes of igneous rock. It is the erosional remnant of the throat of a volcano. The exposed rock was probably formed 2,500–3000 feet (750–1,000 meters) below the Earth's surface, but exposed after millions of years of erosion. 

Radiometric dating of the rock shows that the volcanic rocks solidified about 27 million years ago. Shiprock is in the northeastern part of the Navajo Volcanic Field. El Capitan in Monument Valley is another prominent volcanic neck in this field. 

## References
Dieter Borst

**Dieter Borst** (born 12 May 1950) is a German painter and sculptor of 20th century art.

## Career
Borst was born on 12 May 1950 in Schramberg, Germany. As a painter, he specialized in informal painting. The basic element in his paintings is the line, which is carried through colored segments.

In 1969 he studied at the American School of Art in Munich. In 1972 he took a half year study trip to West Africa.
In 1973 he started painting. In 1997 he moved to Gran Canaria. In 2007 his atelier burned in an island fire on Gran Canaria. Hundreds of paintings of all phases of his working life were destroyed.

## Exhibits
Borst's works were exhibited in New York, Fort Lauderdale / Miami, Cologne and Gran Canaria.

## Paintings

Image:Borst schwarz 4.jpg |
Image:Woman - wood.jpg|
Image:Documenta 14 borst 7.jpg|
Image:Dieter borst 1.jpg|
Image:Borst0015.jpg|
Image:Documenta 14.jpg|
Image:2011 borst 10.jpg|
Image:Borst0027.jpg|
Image:Borst0001.jpg|
Image:Documenta 14 borst 9.jpg|
Image:Borst0030.jpg|
Image:Ny borst 5.jpg|

## Literature
* Author: Diana Neubauer: *Dieter Borst – Art Informel 2013*, Verlag: Bod,  

## Museum / Gallery 
* Broadway Gallery, New York
* Gallery Colonial House Inn, New York  
* The Grand, Fort Lauderdale, Florida
* Galerie Tempestas, Cologne
* Galeria de Arte, Spain/Gc

## References
* New York Arts Magazine, *Dieter Borst* 
* Lexikonia – Enzyklopädie, *Dieter Borst*
* Artfairsinternational NY USA, *Dieter Borst* 
* Broadway Gallery, NY USA, *Dieter Borst* 
* German National Library, *Dieter Borst*

## Other websites
* Dieter Borst, homepage
* Dieter Borst, You Tube
South African Navy

The **South African Navy** is the navy of the South African National Defence Force. The role of the South African Navy is to conduct naval operations in defence of the Republic of South Africa.

The current organisation of the South African Navy dates back to 1 April 1922, when the South African Naval Service (SANS) was created. (However, colonial naval volunteer units date back as far as 1861.) The South African Naval Service was later expanded and renamed to the South African Naval Forces (SANF). In 1951, the South African Naval Forces was renamed to the South African Navy and the ship title HMSAS (His Majesty's South African Ship) was changed to SAS (South African Ship) one year later.

## Strength 
The South African Navy has a strength of 6,104 active military personnel. The navy is divided into a Combat Fleet and a Support Fleet. The Combat Fleet is made up of five Valour-class frigates, three Heroine-class submarines, three Warrior-class patrol vessels, three T-class patrol vessels, three River-class mine countermeasures vessels, and twenty-one Namacurra-class harbour patrol boats. The Support Fleet is made up of one replenishment vessel, one Hecla-class survey vessel, and three tugboats. The navy also includes an infantry-trained special forces unit called the Maritime Reaction Squadron (MRS).

## References
KV42

**KV42** is a tomb in Egypt's Valley of the Kings. 

The tomb was constructed for Hatshepsut-Meryetre, the wife of Thutmose III. She was not buried in the tomb. It was reused by Sennefer, a mayor of Thebes.
Emblem3

**Emblem 3** is a band from Huntington Beach, California. Current members include Wesley and Keaton Stromberg, who are brothers, and Drew Chadwick, Wesley's best friend. Their debut album is titled *Nothing to Lose*, with tracks including "Chloe", and "Sunset Boulevard". They competed on The X Factor, finishing in fourth place.

## Discography 
### Albums 
* Nothing to Lose (2013) 

### EP:s 
* Songs from the Couch, Vol. 1 (2014)
* Forever Together (2014)
* Waking Up (2016)
* Pyro (2019)

### Singles 
* "Chloe (You’re the One I Want)" (2013)
* "now" (2016)
* "Homerun" (2017)
* "New Day" (2017)
* "Too Pretty (For Your Own Good)" (2017)
* "Cobain" (2019)
Radioactive waste

**Radioactive waste** is a term used for certain substances that are radioactive and that are no longer useful. Most radioactive waste is a by-product of operating nuclear power plants. Certain treatments in hospitals use radioactive substances. Scientists doing certain kinds of research use radioactive substances. Nuclear weapons also produce radioactive waste.  Low-level radioactive wastes are radioactive gases, solids, or liquids that give off small amounts of ionizing radiation. High-level radioactive wastes give off large amounts of ionizing radiation. 

Radioactive waste is dangerous to the environment, and there are many regulations about transporting it, handling it, and processing it in such a way that the dangers are reduced. They can contaminate water and affect the living organisms. Storage of radioactive waste must be guaranteed for thousands of years, until it decays sufficiently to be safe to the environment and its inhabitants. Radioactive waste can be stored by deep geological burial or by dry cask storage. Dry Cask Storage is large cylinders of concrete and steel that are used to hold 10 or more metric tons of high-level radioactive waste. The U.S. currently has no long-term radioactive waste storage site. In 1987 Yucca Mountain, Nevada was a candidate for radioactive waste storage, but was shut down.
South African National Defence Force

The **South African National Defence Force** (**SANDF**) is the military of South Africa.

The SANDF is made up of four branches: the South African Army, the South African Navy, the South African Air Force, and the South African Military Health Service (formerly the South African Medical Service).

The Commander-in-Chief of the military is the President of South Africa, currently Cyril Ramaphosa. The Ministry of Defence and Military Veterans, currently headed by Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula, is in charge of political leadership. Military command is in the hands of the General Staff, headed by the Chief of the South African National Defence Force, who is General Solly Shoke.

The history of the SANDF can be traced back to 1912, with the establishment of the Union Defence Force (UDF). In 1957, the Union Defence Force was renamed to the South African Defence Force (SADF). The SADF fought a bloody guerrilla war against the South West African People's Organisation (SWAPO) and the African National Congress in South West Africa (now Namibia). SADF forces were also involved in the Angolan Civil War. In 1994, the South African Defence Force was combined with the ANC's Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK), the PAC's Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA), several Bantustan defence forces, and the self protection units of the Inkatha Freedom Party to form the South African National Defence Force.

Since 1994, South Africa has been trying to develop its military into a professional, well trained and mobile military. The SANDF currently plays a role in peacekeeping in the African continent, in countries such as the DRC and Burundi.

## References
George S. Patton slapping incidents

The **George S. Patton slapping incidents** refer to two events that involved U.S. General George S. Patton and happened during the  Allied campaign in Sicily during World War II. Patton slapped two soldiers who he thought were cowards in hospitals for battle fatigue. The general lost his command. He was sent back to England and played no part in the D-Day landings in Normandy.

## Background 
George S. Patton believed it was part of a general's work to visit his wounded soldiers in hospitals. He did so more than other generals even though he personally found it hard to do. His usual visit included talking to the soldiers and telling them how much he appreciated their courage. Through his own strength of will, he conquered his fear. He expected the same from all men he commanded. He found a soldier sitting on a supply box. Patton asked him why he was there. The soldier, Private Charles H. Kuhl, answered, "I guess I just can't take it."   Eisenhower told Patton that there was no excuse for losing his temper in front of his soldiers and that there was no excuse for brutality of the sick and injured. He ordered Patton to apologize to their divisions publicly and to both men personally. Patton was giving his short speech when his troops sensed he was about to apologize. They started chanting, "No general, no, no; General, no, no." They cut him off from his apology and would not let him give it. and news reporters were told not to file any stories on the incidents. In November 1943, however, one American columnist, Drew Pearson, filed the story anyway and so in early January 1944, Eisenhower sent him back to England  and placed him in command of the First United States Army Group. The army did not exist and was intended only to fool the Germans. They thought that Patton would lead the invasion of Europe whenever it came. For the next six months, Patton was on his best behavior. After the D-Day landings, he was given command of the Third United States Army in Normandy.

## References 
## Other websites 
* On This Day: George S. Patton Slaps Hospitalized Soldier, ''Finding Dulcinea
Mercedes-Benz Citaro

The **Mercedes-Benz Citaro** (or **O530**) is a single-decker low-floor bus for public transport.

It was made in 1997, and built in Germany, France and Spain.
, Italy]]

File:Arriva The Shires 3921 BK58 URO.JPG|Citaro in the UK
File:MB Citaro G 2 - RBS.jpg|Citaro G (left-hand drive version) in Germany
File:Citaro O530G.jpg|A Mercedes-Benz Citaro G articulated bus (face-lifted styling) in Thessaloniki, Greece
File:Number 26A bus in Pécs.jpg|Mercedes-Benz Citaro in Pécs, Hungary

## References 
## Other websites
*
Central Luzon

**Central Luzon** (; ; ; ; designated as **Region III** or **Region 3**), is central part of Luzon, The region has the largest plain in the country and produces most of the country's rice supply. Its provinces are Aurora, Bataan, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Tarlac, and Zambales.

## Overview
Central Luzon Region is north of Manila, the nation's capital. To the north are Ilocos, Cordillera Administrative Region and Cagayan Valley. To the south are the National Capital Region, CALABARZON and Manila Bay. To the west is the South China Sea. To the east is the Philippine Sea. 

There are fourteen cities which include: Balanga in Bataan; Malolos, Meycauayan and San Jose del Monte in Bulacan; Cabanatuan, Gapan, Muñoz, Palayan and San Jose in Nueva Ecija; Angeles City, Mabalacat and San Fernando in Pampanga; Tarlac City in Tarlac; and Olongapo in Zambales. Central Luzon produces the most rice in the whole country. Excess rice is delivered and imported to other provinces of the Philippines. 

The City of San Fernando, in Pampanga, is the regional center.

Aurora was transferred from Region IV by Executive Order No. 103.

## Religion
In 2000, 86.9% of the population of Central Luzon was Roman Catholic. Other religions include Iglesia Ni Cristo, Aglipayan, Evangelicals, United Methodist, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-day Adventist and United Church of Christ in the Philippines.

Central Luzon has fourteen cities. San Jose del Monte is the city with the most population. Meycauayan is the most densely populated city in the region. Tarlac City is the largest based on land area.

### Provinces
; Largest cities

## Related pages
* North Luzon
* South Luzon

## References
## Other websites
* Central Luzon Local Search 
* Executive Order No. 561: FORMATION OF THE "SUPER" REGIONS AND MANDATE OF THE SUPERREGIONAL DEVELOPMENT CHAMPIONS 
* North Luzon Super Region: Potentials 
* North Luzon Super Region: Projects 
* Executive Order No. 103
Ypäjä

**Ypäjä** is a municipality in Kanta-Häme, Finland. About 2,485 people lived there in 2013. The municipalities next to it are Jokioinen, Somero, Loimaa and Humppila.

Ypäjä was established in 1876. It is famous for its horses.

## Distances
* Loimaa 15 km
* Forssa 23 km
* Turku 74 km
* Tampere 96 km
* Helsinki 132 km

## Villages
* Kartanonkylä
* Levä (Ypäjä)
* Manninen 
* Palikkala
* Perttula
* Varsanoja
* Ypäjänkylä

## Other websites
* Homepage
* *Horseschool*site *Finnish and English*
Infamous: Second Son

***Infamous: Second Son*** is a PlayStation 4 open world action-adventure game made by Sucker Punch Productions and Sony. It is the third game of the *Infamous* series.

## Plot
A Seattle graffiti artist discovers he has superhuman powers. He protects the population from the enemy terrorist organization called the Department of Unified Protection. The game is based on the continuing storyline carried out through previous ones.

## References
Killzone: Shadow Fall

***Killzone: Shadow Fall*** is a first-person shooter video game. It is developed by Guerrilla Games and published by Sony Computer Entertainment. It is the sixth game to be released for the *Killzone* series and the fourth game in the series for gaming consoles. The game was released on 15 November 2013 as a launch title for the PlayStation 4.

## References
Knack

***Knack*** is a platform video game. It is published by Sony Computer Entertainment and developed by Japan Studio working with game director Mark Cerny. The game was made for the PlayStation 4, and was released as a launch title for that video game console. It was officially announced by Cerny on February 20, 2013 during PlayStation Meeting 2013 in New York City. The game was released on November 15, 2013 in North America and November 29, 2013 in Europe. It was released in Japan on February 22, 2014. The game received generally low scores from most reviewers like IGN, but received an eight-out-of-ten from Destructiod.

## Plot
Knack discovers that he has a skill ("knack") that allows him to incorporate ice, metal and other substances into his body, giving him new abilities. He then uses these powers to try to end the war between the humans and goblins.

## References
Thief (2014 video game)

**Thief** is a stealth video game. It was developed by Eidos Montreal. It was published by Square Enix. It is a remake of the *Thief* series. The game is the fourth game in its collection. It was released for the Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360 and Xbox One consoles on February 25, 2014. The game was first announced in 2009 under the working title of *Thief 4*, but was revealed again in March 2013 as just *Thief*.

## References
Pope Anacletus

**Pope Anacletus**, also sometimes referred to as **Pope Cletus**, was the third Pope of the Catholic Church, (the official title is Bishop of Rome).  He served from 76-88 C.E.   He established a Christian community in Ruvo, Apulia, where he baptized Christian followers in secret.

After the death of the second Pope, Linus, Anacletus returned to Rome.  He divided the area into what would today be called parishes or small groups.  He established a small chapel near the burial sites of Peter and Linus which is the site of today's Basilica of St. Peter.

He was killed during the reign of the Emperor Domitian for being a Christian leader.  He was also buried near Peter and Linus.

## References
Daylight (video game)

**Daylight** is an upcoming survival horror video game for the PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Windows.  It was developed by Zombie Studios. It is powered by Unreal Engine 4. It was released in North America on April 29, 2014. It was released in the PAL region on April 30, 2014. It was released in Japan on August 28, 2014.

## Plot
The story is centered around a woman who regains consciousness in an abandoned hospital. She has no memory of how she got there. With her mobile phone as her only source of light, she must explore the haunted hospital and its criminal past in order to escape. The terrain outside the hospital is randomly generated, so that every time you play it is different.

## References
Ellen Vogel

**Ellen Marie Elze Anthing Vogel** (January 26, 1922 &ndash; August 5, 2015) was a Dutch television, movie, and stage actress.

Vogel was born on January 26, 1922 in The Hague, Netherlands. She was raised in Amsterdam.

Vogel married Hans Jürgen Tobi in 1942. They divorced in 1949. She was in a relationship with Fons Rademakers from 1950 to 1955. Vogel then married James Münninghoff in 1976. Their marriage lasted until his death in 2012. Vogel had a son with Hans, Peter Paul.

Vogel died in Amsterdam at the age of 93.

## References
## Other websites
*
Destiny (video game)

***Destiny*** is a first-person shooter video game. It uses an open world setting. It is developed by Bungie and published by Activision as part of a ten-year publishing deal. The game was released on the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, and Xbox One video game consoles on September 9, 2014. Bungie demonstrated live gameplay footage of *Destiny* at Sony's E3 conference in 2013.

The player plays a guardian. The traveler is dying and it is the guardian's job to save it by defeating its one enemy, the darkness. The guardian goes to Earth, Moon, Mars and Venus. The character completes quests for the vanguard committee to save the traveler. The darkness is made up of 4 enemies: The Hive, Cabal, Vex, and Fallen.

## References
Valley of the Kings

The **Valley of the Kings** ( ) is a valley in Egypt. From the 16th to 11th centuries BC, tombs were built there for the Pharaohs and powerful nobles.

The valley is on the west bank of the Nile across from Luxor. Some of the people buried there are:
*Thutmose I
*Hatshepsut
*Thutmose III
*Tutankhamun
*Seti I
*Ramesses II

The valley is one of the most famous archaeological sites in the world. In 1979 it became a World Heritage Site, with the rest of the Theban Necropolis. Exploration, excavation and conservation continues in the valley, and a new tourist centre has recently been opened.

## Geology and climate 
There is little year-round rain in this part of Egypt, but there are rare flash floods that hit the valley. These tons of debris into the open tombs.

## References
## Further reading 
*  – A good introduction to the valley and surroundings
Dragon Age: Inquisition

***Dragon Age: Inquisition*** is an upcoming action video game. It is developed by BioWare and published by Electronic Arts. It is a sequel to *Dragon Age: Origins* and *Dragon Age II*. It is the third major game in the *Dragon Age* series.

## References
Driveclub

***Driveclub*** is a racing video game published by Sony Computer Entertainment. It was developed by *Evolution Studios* for the PlayStation 4. *Driveclub* was officially announced during the PlayStation 4 press conference on 20 February 2013. The game was released on 7 October 2014.

## References
Mad Max (2015 video game)

***Mad Max*** is a 2015 video game. It is set in an open world environment after civilization has been destroyed. It is based on the *Mad Max* film series. It is published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment and developed by Avalanche Studios.

The game was officially revealed at *E3* on June 10, 2013 during a Sony press conference. It is set to be released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360 and Xbox One in 2015.

## References
José Emilio Pacheco

2010 ]]
**José Emilio Pacheco Berny** (June 30, 1939 – January 26, 2014) was a Mexican poet, essayist, historian, novelist and short story writer. He is thought as one of the major Mexican poets of the second half of the 20th century. The Berlin International Literature Festival has praised him as "one of the most significant contemporary Latin American poets".

Pacheco died from cardiac arrest in Mexico City, Mexico on January 26, 2014, aged 74.

## References
## Other websites
*José Emilio Pacheco  (at El Colegio Nacional)
*Essay on Pacheco  from The Quarterly Conversation
*Essay on Pacheco's Batallas en el desierto
Pope Clement I

**Pope Clement** was the fourth Pope of the Catholic Church, (the official title is Bishop of Rome).  He served the early Catholic Church from 8897 AD.  He was born in Velletri, Latium and came from a very important family.  He was the son of a Roman senator, Faustinus, and the cousin of Roman consul Tiberius Flavius Clemens.

He was recognized as a great historian and recorded many important events in his time such as the martyrdom of his predecessors and the settling of disputes among Christians.

Clement's persecution began with Emperor Trajan who sent him to do hard labor in a mine.  He used that time to teach his fellow Christians and it was said that during that time he even converted some pagans to Christianity.  He is also credited with performing a miracle during that time.  He is know as the "Pope of Convicts".

This pope has been very highly regarded through the centuries and is still honored today by the  Russian Orthodox Catholics in Ukraine and by all Catholics in their ceremonial liturgy. He is considered a Saint of the church and his feast day is November 23. 

## References
Bourbon

**Bourbon** can mean several things:

* Bourbon whiskey, a type of whiskey made from grain
* House of Bourbon, a European royal family
** Bourbon Restoration, the return to the French throne of the Bourbon family
* Bourbon, Indiana, a town in the United States
* Bourbon, Missouri, a town in the United States
* Bourbon-l'Archambault, a town in the Allier département, France
* Bourbon-Lancy, a town in the Saône-et-Loire département, France
* Bourbonne-les-Bains, a town in the Haute-Marne département, France
* Bourbonnais, an historical area in France
* Île Bourbon, an old name for the island of Réunion
Romance (love)

(1849-1917)]]
**Romance** or **romantic love** is a feeling of  and  associated with love. In relationships, it involves a strong emotional  towards the other person. A romantic relationship focuses on feelings, rather than sex. Romantic love is different from platonic love.

Romance is often strongest at the beginning of relationships. It comes with  and anxiety that the love may not be returned.

The modern concept of romantic love comes from the medieval ideals of chivalry, as set out in its chivalric romance literature, andwas made popular in Western culture by the concept of courtly love. Knights were often said to have had intimate relationships with the noble ladies they served. Those relationships were usually not physical. Since marriage was commonly just a formal arrangement without love, courtly love allowed women to be emotionally intimate with a man.

Romance is a major  found in art, particularly literature and fiction. It is often found in fairy tales, women's fiction and the writings of people like William Shakespeare.

## Related pages 
* Platonic love
* Chivalric romance
* Romantic friendship
* Romanticism
* Valentine's Day
* Dating
* Romantic orientation
* *Romeo and Juliet*

## References
2010–11 Chicago Blackhawks season

The **2010–11 Chicago Blackhawks season** was the team's 85th season in the National Hockey League (NHL). The team suffered from salary cap restrictions and lost several players due to it. They also had to recover from winning their first Stanley Cup in 40 years. The team was defeated in the first round of the Stanley Cup Playoffs by the Presidents' Trophy-winning Vancouver Canucks.

## Regular season 
## Playoffs 
## References
Alexander Varshavsky

**Alexander Jacob Varshavsky** (; born November 8, 1946) is a Russian-American biochemist, noted for his discovery of the N-end rule of ubiquitination. A native of Moscow, he is currently researching at Caltech.

In 2005 he was elected a foreign member of the Academia Europaea.

In 2014 he was awarded the $3 million Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences for his work.

## References
## Other websites
* The Official Site of Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize
* Caltech bio 
* The Gotham prize
Hugo Stiglitz

**Hugo Stiglitz** (born August 28, 1940) is an Mexican actor who has appeared in over 100 movies. 

He was known for his roles in *Tintorera* and *La Noche de los mil gatos*. He is known in the United States for his roles in *Under the Volcano*. Quentin Tarantino named a character "Hugo Stiglitz" (played by actor Til Schweiger) in the movie *Inglourious Basterds* in his honor.

In 2013, Stiglitz played Juan "Johnny" Bravo in Eugenio Derbez comedy movie *Instructions Not Included*.

Stiglitz was born on August 27, 1940 in Mexico City, Mexico.

## Other websites
*
*Profile on Cinefania site.
*Biography on Yahoo! Movies site.
Oberlin College

.]]

**Oberlin College** is a private liberal arts college in Oberlin, Ohio. It was the first college in the United States to accept African-American students as well as female students. It is also known for the Oberlin Conservatory of Music. Oberlin is a member of the Great Lakes Colleges Association and the Five Colleges of Ohio consortium.

## History 
Oberlin College and the town of Oberlin were started together in 1833. In 1837, the college began a program of coeducation; admitting female students. In 1835, the college began a policy of interracial education. The first black student was a former slave, James Bradley from Cincinnati. The first building was Tappan Hall, named for Arthur Tappan of New York City. It was both a dormitory and classroom. In 1903 Memorial Arch was constructed. It was to honor those from Oberlin college who were killed in the Boxer Rebellion in China. A music conservatory is on the college campus. Students benefit from over 500 performances yearly, most free of charge, with concerts and recitals almost daily. The Conservatory was one of the recipients of the 2009 National Medal of Arts.

## Allen Memorial Art Museum
The Allen Memorial Art Museum is on the college campus. It holds an art collection showing the history of Art that has 12,000 pieces. It also has a unique art rental program. At the beginning of every semester, students camp out in front of the north gate to get first pick of artwork by artists including Renoir, Dalí, and Picasso.

## References
Patricia Reyes Spíndola

**Patricia Verónica Núñez Reyes Spíndola** (born July 11, 1953) is a Mexican actress, television director and producer. She has appeared in over 150 movies since her career began in 1974. Her first movie role was in *La otra virginidad*. She twice appeared in the Mexican crime series *Mujeres Asesinas*. Spíndola appeared in the 2002 movie *Frida*.

Spíndola was born on July 11, 1953 in Oaxaca, Mexico.

## Other websites
*
*HWK Biography
Edmond Classen

**Edmond Alphons Antoine Marie Classen** (May 16, 1938 &ndash; January 27, 2014) was an Dutch movie, stage, and television actor. Classen appeared on many movies and over 50 television shows since his career began in 1975. His first role was in *Amsterdam 700*. His last role was in the 2012 movie *Black Out*.

Classen was born on May 16, 1938 in Arnhem, Netherlands. His daughter, Kiki Classen, is also a Dutch actress. Classen died on January 27, 2014 in his home in Arnhem, Netherlands from heart failure, aged 75.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* List of Classen's movie and biography
Fantasia

**Fantasia** can mean several things:

* Fantasia (music), an improvised musical composition
* *Fantasia* (Fantasia Barrino album), 2006
* *Fantasia* (Yolandita Monge album), 1980
* *Fantasía*, an album by Franco De Vita, 1986
* *Fantasia*, an album by pianist Yuja Wang, 2012
* *Fantasia* (movie), an animated musical movie from 1940, produced by Walt Disney
** *Fantasia 2000*, sequel to the 1940 movie, released in 1999
** *Fantasia* (video game), a game for the Sega Mega Drive from 1991
* Fantasia Barrino (born 1984), singer who won the third season of *American Idol*

## Related pages 
* Fantasy (disambiguation)
Li Na

**Li Na** or **Na Li** may refer to:

;Surnamed "Li"
* Li Na (tennis) (born 1982), Chinese professional tennis player
* Li Na (diver) (born 1984), Chinese diver who won a gold and silver medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Li Na (tennis)

**Li Na** (born February 26, 1982) is a Chinese retired professional tennis player. As of January 2014, Li has won 9 WTA and 19 ITF singles titles.

On September 19, 2014, Li announced that she was retiring from tennis after she had missed the US Open Series because of a left knee injury.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* Li Na at Sina Weibo
Guilt (emotion)

feeling guilty]]
**Guilt** is a feeling that a person has when they  or believe that they have done something wrong. This usually depends on that person's own conscience, their understanding of right and wrong. Guilt is usually related to remorse ("feeling sorry"). The American Psychological Association (APA) defines *guilt* as a “self-conscious emotion” denoted by a “painful appraisal of having done (or thought) something that is wrong.” It also notes that such emotion can inspire people to reverse or compensate for perceived wrongdoing.

The origins of guilt as a human emotion are widely debated and theorized within many different disciplines. Examples of avenues through which guilt may be derived include society, culture, religion, and family.

According to Carolyn Zahn-Waxler, professor of psychology at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, and Grazyna Kochanska, professor of developmental psychology at the University of Iowa, people first experience guilt during conscious development in childhood. Because guilt is complex and empathetic, many professionals characterize it as a defining emotion that distinguishes humans from other animals.

Guilt can sometimes cause anxiety. A person may react to their guilt in either a peaceful or violent way. A person might begin blaming the victim of their own actions. Guilt contributes to many psychological conditions and to psychopathy. For example, some researchers suggest that sociopaths have little or no regard for others and therefore feel little guilt. Conversely, people who have schizophrenia or depression feel too much guilt and may find themselves projecting guilt onto hallucinations or ruminating on past mistakes. Additionally, people who experience anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), may become preoccupied with guilt about their thoughts or actions.

## References
Asa Akira

**Asa Akira** (born January 3, 1986) is the stage name of an American pornographic actress and model. Akira has appeared in over 505 adult films as of May 2016.

## Awards
|- style="background:#d9e8ff;"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"|
;**Total number of wins**
|-
|
|
|- style="background:#d9e8ff;"
| colspan="3" style="font-size: smaller; text-align:center;" | References
|}

## References
## Other websites
San Fernando, Pampanga

**San Fernando** is a city in the Philippine province of Pampanga. It is the capital of that province. It is  north of Manila,  east of Subic Bay in the Zambales province, and  south of Clark Air Base in Angeles City.

The city is named after Fernando VI of Spain. Its patron saint is Saint Ferdinand III of Castile and León. It is known as the "Christmas Capital of the Philippines". The city holds the annual Giant Lantern Festival every December where large lanterns are displayed in competition.

## Barangays
The City of San Fernando has 35 barangays.

## Media
*DWPF-AM 1152 kHz (Audiovisual Communicators)

## Notable Fernandinos
*José Abad Santos, a former Chief Justice (featured in PHP1000 bill)
*Pedro Abad Santos, a former assemblyman and founder of the Socialist Party
*Sotero J. Baluyut, a former senator and cabinet secretary
*Vivencio Cuyugan, first Socialist mayor in the Philippines
*Amando G. Dayrit, a renowned pre-war newspaper columnist
*Conrado Dayrit, a cardiologist, virgin coconut oil proponent and President of the National Academy of Science and Technology (1992–1999)
*Nicolasa Dayrit, a revolutionary hero
*Brillante Mendoza, award-winning film director
*Fernando H. Ocampo, a founder of the UST College of Architecture and Fine Arts

## References 
## Other websites
*City of San Fernando, Pampanga Official Website
Jorge Obeid

**Jorge Alberto Obeid** (24 November 1947 – 28 January 2014) was an Argentine Justicialist Party (PJ) politician, currently an Argentine Chamber of Deputies and former governor of Santa Fe Province until 2007.

Obeid was born in Diamante, Entre Ríos on 24 November 1947. He died on 28 January 2014 of a pulmonary embolism.

## References
## Other websites
* Santa Fe Province
John Berryman

**John Berryman** (October 25, 1914 – January 7, 1972) was an important American poet in the second part of the 1900s. He was born in McAlester, Oklahoma on October 25, 1914. He was seen as one of the chief poets of confessional poetry.

## Life 
When John Berryman was born in Oklahoma, his name was John Allyn Smith, Jr.. His father was a banker named John Allyn Smith. His mother was a schoolteacher named Martha. When he was ten years old his family moved to Tampa, Florida. In 1926, when he was twelve years old, his father shot and killed himself. This haunted the poet for the rest of his life.

After his father died, his mother married another banker named John. His last name was Berryman. The poet took his father's name, so he ended up with the same last name as his stepfather. They moved to New York City. John was sent to a private boarding school in Connecticut. He went on to graduate from Columbia College.

The book *Five Young American Poets* had some of his earliest poems alongside other poets like Randall Jarrell. The publisher of this book also published Berryman's first book, *Poems*. His next book, *The Dispossessed*, was more mature but received mostly bad reviews. When Jarrell reviewed Berryman's book, he wrote that Berryman's poems sounded too much like William Butler Yeats. Berryman later said, "I didn't want to be *like* Yeats; I wanted to *be* Yeats."

In 1947 John Berryman started seeing a married woman while he was married to his first wife. He wrote many sonnets about her, but they were not published until 1967.

In 1950 he wrote a biography of the writer Stephen Crane, who he admired. He also published a book of poems called *Homage to Mistress Bradstreet.* This book also featured drawings by the artist Ben Shahn. It was his first book to get attention from people all across the United States of America.

Even though *Homage to Mistress Bradstreet* was successful, Berryman's biggest breakthrough came with *77 Dream Songs* in 1964. This book won the Pulitzer Prize in 1965. Berryman wrote a much longer sequel, *His Toy, HIs Dream, His Rest*. This book was just as successful. He later combined the two into one book, *The Dream Songs*.

On January 7, 1972, John Berryman killed himself by jumping off the Washington Avenue Bridge in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

## Poems 
Berryman wrote about shame, like mental illness and lust. He said that he was not writing about himself but about made-up people. Despite this remark, many critics believe Berryman did write about himself. John Berryman's best-known poems were called Dream Songs. He put out the 385 Dream Songs in two books: *77 Dream Songs* and *His Toy, His Dream, His Rest.* Later he put them into one book: *The Dream Songs*.

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America

## References
Einstein's Cross

'''Einstein's Cross**  is an image of a quasar which is 8,000,000,000 light years (ly) or 2,500,000,000 parsecs (pc) away.

The quasar sits directly behind ZW 2237+030, **Huchra's lens''', the lensing galaxy. Four images of the same distant quasar appear around this foreground galaxy due to strong gravitational lensing.

According to its redshift, the quasar is about 8 billion light years from Earth, while the lensing galaxy is only 400 million light years away.

Amateur astronomers are able to see some of the cross using telescopes but it requires extremely dark skies and telescope mirrors with diameters of 18 inches or greater.

## References