open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Gulnazar Keldi

**Gulnazar Keldi** (; 20 September 1945 – 13 August 2020) was a Tajikistani poet. He was born in Dardar He was an editor of the publication *Adabiyet va sanat* (*Literature and Art*).  Keldi wrote the lyrics of *Surudi Milli*, the national anthem of Tajikistan.

Keldi died on 13 August 2020 in Dushanbe from COVID-19, aged 74.

## References
Luis Abilio Sebastiani Aguirre

**Luis Abilio Sebastiani Aguirre** (22 February 1935 &ndash; 10 August 2020) was a Peruvian Roman Catholic archbishop. He was ordained to the priesthood in 1962. He was bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tarma, Peru, from 1992 to 2001. He later was archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ayacucho, Peru, from 2001 to 2011.

Sebastiani Aguirre died on 10 August 2020, aged 85.

## References
Quentin McCord

**John Quentin McCord** (June 26, 1978 – August 13, 2020) was an American professional football player. He was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) and Canadian Football League (CFL).

He was drafted in the seventh round of the 2001 NFL Draft by the Atlanta Falcons. He played college football at Kentucky.

In his career, McCord also played with the Oakland Raiders, Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Edmonton Eskimos. He finished his career playing arena football with the Kentucky Horsemen. He was born in LaGrange, Georgia.

McCord died on August 13, 2020 at the age of 42.

## References
Darío Vivas

**Darío Ramón Vivas Velasco** (12 June 1950 – 13 August 2020) was a Venezuelan politician. He was a member of the National Assembly between 2006 until 2020. He was the Head of Government of the Distrito Capital between January 2020 until his death. 

Vivas died on 13 August 2020 from COVID-19 in Caracas, aged 70.

## References
Imre Farkas (canoeist)

**Imre Farkas** (23 June 1935 &ndash; 10 August 2020) was a Hungarian sprint canoer. He competed in the late 1950s and early 1960s. He competed in two Summer Olympics. He won two bronze medals, earning one in 1956 and one in 1960.

Farkas died on 10 August 2020 at the age of 85.

## References
Ernie Phythian

**Ernest Rixon Phythian** (16 July 1942 – 3 August 2020) was an English professional footballer. He played as a striker. His career lasted between 1960 and 1968. Phythian made over 250 appearances in the Football League, scoring nearly 100 goals.

He later played for Wrexham and Hartlepools United before moving to South Africa to play with Southern Suburbs.

Phythian died on 3 August 2020, aged 78, in Johannesburg, South Africa.

## References
Julian Bream

**Julian Alexander Bream** CBE (15 July 1933 – 14 August 2020) was an English virtuoso classical guitarist and lutenist. He was one of the best known classical guitarists of the 20th century.

He worked for RCA Victor and EMI Classics many times. These recordings won him several awards, including four Grammy Awards, two for Best Chamber Music Performance and two for Best Classical Performance. 

Bream died on 14 August 2020 at his home in Wiltshire, aged 87.

## References
Gojek

**PT Aplikasi Karya Anak Bangsa** (most commonly known as Gojek) is a Jakarta based on-demand service platform.  It also does digital payments. Gojek was started in Indonesia in 2009 as a call center. It connects consumers to courier delivery and two-wheeled ride-hailing services. Gojek launched its application in 2015 with only four services: GoRide, GoSend, GoShop, and GoFood. It raised over $1 billion 2019  and is now valued at US$10 billion. Gojek has turned into a Super App. It now provides more than 20 services.

## References
Aachen Cathedral

**Aachen Cathedral** (German: *Aachener Dom*) is a Roman Catholic church in Aachen, Germany. It is one of the oldest cathedrals in Europe. Emperor Charlemagne ordered for it to be built in 796. He was buried there when he died. The church was made a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1978. It was one of the first World Heritage Sites listed.

The building uses several types of architecture. The choir is built in a Gothic style. The core of the building is a chapel built in a Carolingian-Romanesque style. There are small parts that also use an Ottonian style, including an area around the throne.

## Gallery

image:Aachen Cathedral, Germany.jpg|Cathedral exterior
image:Aachener_Dom_Pfalzkapelle_vom_M%C3%BCnsterplatz_2014.jpg|Exterior of the Palatine Chapel
image:Aix_dom_int_vue_cote.jpg|Interior of the Palatine Chapel
image:Aachen Cathedral Octagon1.jpg|Mosaics
image:Aachen Cathedral Octagon2.jpg|Mosaics
image:Sarg Karl.jpg|Shrine of Charlemagne (1215)
image:Aachen Domschatz Bueste1.jpg|Reliquary bust of Charlemagne (treasury)
image:Germania occidentale, croce detta di lotario, 1000 ca, con base tardogotica (XV secolo) 01.jpg|Cross of Lothair (~ 1000) (treasury)
image:Statue of St. Stephen, in Aachen, Germany 01.jpg|Statue of St. Stephen outside the *Ungarnkapelle* (Chapel of Hungary)

## References
## Other websites
*Aachen Cathedral – World Heritage Site
*Cathedral Music
*Aachen Cathedral Photos
*Photos of Aachen cathedral on sekulada.com
Replay value

''.]]

**Replay value** (colloquially known as **replayability**) is a term used to figure out how fun it is to play a game after the player completed it already. Factors that may change the replay value are the game's additional characters, secrets or multiple endings.

## References
Annona

***Annona*** is a genus of plants in the Annonaceae family. It contains species like the custard apple and sugar apple. It is the second-largest genus in its family after *Guatteria*. It has about 166 species of shrubs and trees. Its name comes from *anón*, a Hispaniolan Taíno word for it.

Species accepted by iNaturalist are:

* Annona acuminata
* Annona acutiflora
* Annona acutifolia
* Annona amazonica
* Annona ambotay
* Annona andicola
* Annona angustifolia
* Annona annonoides
* Annona asplundiana
* Annona atabapensis
* Annona × atemoya - atemoya
* Annona aurantiaca
* Annona bahiensis
* Annona boliviana
* Annona bullata
* Annona cacans
* Annona caesia
* Annona calcarata
* Annona calophylla
* Annona caput-medusae
* Annona cascarilloides
* Annona cercocarpa
* Annona cherimola - cherimoya
* Annona cherimolioides
* Annona contrerasii
* Annona coriacea
* Annona cornifolia
* Annona crassiflora
* Annona crassivenia
* Annona cristalensis
* Annona crotonifolia
* Annona cubensis
* Annona cuspidata
* Annona deceptrix
* Annona deminuta
* Annona dioica
* Annona dolabripetala
* Annona dolichopetala
* Annona dolichophylla
* Annona domingensis
* Annona duckei
* Annona dumetorum
* Annona ecuadorensis
* Annona edulis
* Annona ekmanii
* Annona emarginata
* Annona exsucca
* Annona ferruginea
* Annona glabra - pond apple
* Annona globiflora
* Annona gracilis
* Annona haematantha
* Annona haitiensis
* Annona havanensis
* Annona hayesii
* Annona helosioides
* Annona herzogii
* Annona hispida
* Annona holosericea
* Annona hypoglauca
* Annona hystricoides
* Annona ionophylla
* Annona jahnii
* Annona jamaicensis - wild soursop
* Annona leptopetala
* Annona liebmanniana
* Annona longiflora
* Annona longipes
* Annona macroprophyllata - ilama
* Annona manabiensis
* Annona maritima
* Annona moaensis
* Annona montana - mountain soursop
* Annona monticola
* Annona mucosa - biriba, rollinia/rolinia
* Annona muricata - soursop
* Annona nana
* Annona neglecta
* Annona neoamazonica
* Annona neochrysocarpa
* Annona neoinsignis
* Annona neosalicifolia
* Annona neosericea
* Annona nitida
* Annona nutans
* Annona oligocarpa
* Annona pachyantha
* Annona palmeri
* Annona paludosa
* Annona papilionella
* Annona parviflora
* Annona pickelii
* Annona pittieri
* Annona praetermissa - wild cherimoya
* Annona pruinosa
* Annona purpurea - soncoya
* Annona quinduensis
* Annona rensoniana
* Annona reticulata - wild sweetsop, custard apple, bullock's heart
* Annona rufinervis
* Annona rugulosa
* Annona salicifolia
* Annona salzmannii
* Annona scandens
* Annona scleroderma
* Annona sclerophylla
* Annona senegalensis - wild custard apple
* Annona sericea
* Annona spinescens
* Annona spraguei
* Annona squamosa - sugar apple, sweetsop
* Annona stenophylla
* Annona sylvatica
* Annona tomentosa
* Annona urbaniana
* Annona vepretorum
* Annona warmingiana
* Annona xylopiifolia

## References
Little Gandhi

***Little Gandhi*** is a 2016 Syrian Turkish documentary movie directed by Sam Kadi and based on the life of activist Ghiath Matar.

## Synopsis 
A documentary film about the life of Syrian activist Ghiath Matar, whose advocacy for nonviolent protest gave him the nickname "Little Gandhi".

## Other websites
*
Creswell Crags

**Creswell Crags** is a limestone gorge on the border between Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire, England. It is near the villages of Creswell and Whitwell. 

The cliffs in the ravine have several caves. The caves were occupied during the last ice age, between around 43,000 and 10,000 years ago. They have the northernmost cave art in Europe. The evidence of occupation is found in the rich series of sediments that accumulated over many thousands of years. It is internationally unique in showing  how prehistoric people lived at the extreme  northernmost limits of their territory in the later Pleistocene Ice Age.

The caves have layers with flint tools from the Mousterian, and later cultures. They were seasonally occupied by nomadic groups of people during the Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods. Evidence of Neolithic, Bronze Age, Roman and post-medieval activity has also been found there. There is evidence of Neanderthal occupation 50,000–60,000 years ago, a brief Gravettian occupation around 32,000 years ago and use of all the main caves during the Magdalenian around 14,000 years ago. The site is open to the public and has a visitor centre with a small museum of objects.

Creswell Crags has been designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). It has also been put forward as a potential World Heritage Site.

In 2006–07, the B6042 road was re-routed from its path through the gorge, by approximately  to the north, to minimise traffic impact on the site.

*Note: Other images of the caves can be got by going to the details behind the image at Commons: click the image as a first step, then explore.

## Caves 
The most occupied caves were:

*Mother Grundy's Parlour, which had many flint tools and split bones. It was occupied until Mesolithic times, c. 16,000 years ago.
*Robin Hood's Cave. where a bone engraved with a horse's head was found. Its occupants hunted and trapped woolly rhinoceros and Arctic hare.
*The Pin Hole. Here a human figure engraved on bone was found  in the 1920s. It is called the Pinhole Cave Man.  There is also an ivory pin with etched lines.
*Church Hole has more than 80 engravings on its walls and was occupied off and on until Roman times.

## References
Keiko Fujimori

**Keiko Sofía Fujimori Higuchi** (; ; born 25 May 1975) (also known by the pseudoyms **Señora K** (Mrs. K), **Ruth** and "La chica") is a Peruvian politician. She is the daughter of former Peruvian President Alberto Fujimori. 

After the divorce of her parents, she was First Lady from 1994 to 2000, becoming the youngest First Lady in the history of the Americas.

In 2006, she was elected to the Congress of Peru. Fujimori leads the right-wing party Fuerza Popular and was their presidential candidate in the 2011 election runoff, the 2016 election runoff and the 2021, losing each times. In 2021 she lost to educator Pedro Castillo by 60,000 votes.

Fujimori was said to be involved in the Odebrecht scandal and was arrested in Peru on 10 October 2018.

## References
Gorham's Cave

'''Gorham's Cave''' is a sea-level cave in the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. Although it is not a sea cave, it is often mistaken for one. It is considered to be one of the last known habitations of the Neanderthals in Europe. The cave's name, '''Gorham's Cave complex''', is a combination of four distinct caves that are part of the UNESCO World Heritage site. It is the only one in Gibraltar. The three other caves are Vanguard Cave, Hyaena Cave, and Bennett's Cave.

It is located at Governor's Beach on the southeastern face of the Rock of Gibraltar. People lived there about 55,000 years ago. It was  approximately 5 kilometres from the shore, but, due to changes in sea level, it is now only a few metres from the Mediterranean Sea.

## Discovery 
]]
The cave is named after Captain A. Gorham. He discovered it in 1907 while opening a fissure at the rear of a sea cavern. Gorham wrote his name and the date of his discovery in lamp-black on the wall of the cave. It has his name ever since. After this initial discovery, it seems the cave was forgotten, at least at an official level. Gibraltarian historian and potholer George Palao recalls an inscription on the cave wall that read *J. J. Davies 1943*.

## Description 
Gorham's Cave is a sea cave which has formed in Jurassic limestone. Total length of this cave is approximately 100 m and at the entrance it is approximately 35 m high. Further inside the cave, it becomes narrower, and turns per approximately 90 degrees. From the entrance of cave opens a view on the Alboran Sea. It is possible that during further research the cave will become longer.

## UNESCO World Heritage site 
Gorham's Cave got its name Gorham's Cave complex. It is a grouping of four distinct caves of such importance that they are combined into a UNESCO heritage site. The three other caves are the nearby Vanguard Cave, the Hyaena Cave, and Bennett's Cave. The list is changed every ten years. The process for a new list was ongoing at the date of the submission.

The ownership of land associated with Gorham's Cave was passed from the UK Ministry of Defence to the government of Gibraltar in 2011. The agreement swapped this MOD land and more than 300 MOD houses with the government of Gibraltar, who in exchange agreed to build 90 new houses on remaining MOD land.

In May 2012 Gorham's Cave complex was on the short list of two sites, along with the Forth Rail Bridge, that was forwarded for submission to UNESCO. The site was inscribed by UNESCO as a World Heritage site on 15 July 2016, and is Gibraltar's only World Heritage site.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Alfano S *Did Neanderthals Last Longer?* CBS News, 13 Sep 2006
* Rock art found in Gorham's Cave. 
* History of Gorham's Cave from Gibraltar Museum website
* Current information on Gorham's Cave from the Gibraltar Museum website.
* 
*
The Man Who Cheated Himself

***The Man Who Cheated Himself*** is a 1950 American crime movie directed by Felix E. Feist and starring Lee J. Cobb, Jane Wyatt, John Dall. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

## Other websites 
* 
* 
*
For Heaven's Sake (1950 movie)

'''''For Heaven's Sake'''* is a 1950 American romantic fantasy drama movie directed by George Seaton and was based on the 1949 play *May We Come In?'' by Harry Segall. It stars Clifton Webb, Joan Bennett, Robert Cummings and was distributed by	20th Century Fox.

## Other websites 
* 
*
Skåpafors

**Skåpafors** is a locality in Bengtsfors Municipality in Västra Götaland County in Sweden. In 2010, 313 people lived there.

## References
Rilly-Sainte-Syre

**Rilly-Sainte-Syre** is a commune of the Aube *département* in the north-central part of France. Its population is about 230 people as of 2021.

## References
La Rivière-de-Corps

**La Rivière-de-Corps** is a commune of the Aube *département* in the north-central part of France.

## References
Itaquaquecetuba

**Itaquaquecetuba** is an Brazilian city in the state of São Paulo. Its population in 2018 was 366,519 and has an area of 82,622&nbsp;km².
Dún Laoghaire

]]
**Dún Laoghaire** is the county town of Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown (County Dublin) in Ireland.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*
No War but the Class War

]]
**No War but the Class War** (more commonly, "No War but Class War") is an anti-war political slogan used by anti-capitalists, particularly Leftists. It is a call to action advocating for the end of all wars, except for the struggle, or "war", against class oppression and class society as a whole. 

The anti-war stance is linked to class struggle by the belief that wars are driven by the financial interests of the ruling capitalist class and that the only way to effectively end all wars is to end class society.

## References
Chatham Dockyard

**Chatham Dockyard** was a Royal Navy Dockyard located on the River Medway in Kent. It was established in Chatham in the mid-16th century. The dockyard was then expanded into neighbouring Gillingham.

It existed after the Reformation. It was at a time when relations with the Catholic countries of Europe had worsened, which increased the need for additional defences.

For 414 years, 500 ships were made available for the Royal Navy because of Chatham Royal Dockyard. It was at the forefront of shipbuilding, industrial and architectural technology. At its height, it employed over 10,000 skilled artisans. It covered . 

Chatham Dockyard was closed in 1984. The  Georgian dockyard is now managed as the Chatham Historic Dockyard. It is a visitor attraction by the Chatham Historic Dockyard Trust. 

## Gallery 

ChathamHDClocktower0059.JPG|The Clocktower Building
ChathamHDYSail0004.JPG|Sail and Colour Loft
ChathamHDBuses0014.JPG|Timber Seasoning sheds
ChathamHDMastHouse0011.JPG|Wheelwrights' shop
ChathamHDYM&MLoft0004.JPG|Masthouses and Mould Loft
ChathamHDJoiners0070.JPG|Joiners' Shop
North Mast Pond, Chatham Dockyard - geograph.org.uk - 1152734.jpg|Lower Boat House and North Mast Pond

## References 
### Notes 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## Other websites 
* 
* The Historic Dockyard Trust 
* *A Geometrical Plan, & North West Elevation of His Majesty’s Dock-Yard, at Chatham, with ye Village of Brompton Adjacent*, dated 1755
Yangdong Folk Village

**Yangdong Folk Village** is a village in South Korea's North Gyeongsang Province.  It is inside the city of Gyeongju, which used to be the capital of Korea.  It has buildings and other things that were built in the Joseon Dynasty or that have been rebuilt in the same style.  It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Yangdong was built in the 1400s by two important clans, Yeogang Lee and Wolseong Son.  Many of the people who live in Yangdong now are from these families.  Many members of these families who do not live in Yangdong come back a few times a year for special occasions.

Yangdong Folk Village is a World Heritage Site as part of a pair with Hahoe Folk Village.  Both places were built during the Joseon Dynasty and many of the buildings are still intact.  Some of the buildings have been rebuilt with modern materials, though.  Like Hahoe, Yangdong's layout shows influences from the Confucian way of thinking and the importance of the clan system in Korea at the time.  There are timber houses with tiled roofs for high-ranking people and mud houses with thatched roofs that were originally for low-ranking people. The village is on the sides of hills.  The buildings were built in specific places so their rooftops would match and complement the hillsides around them.  The buildings belonging to nobler or richer people are higher up on the hills.  One home once had 99 rooms.

There are two Confucian schools, Oksanseowon and Donggangseowon, near Yangdong Folk Village.

There are about 149 houses in Yangdong Folk Village and people still live in them.  Yangdong Folk Village has modern, paved roads, some modern bridges, and a railway.

Before it was declared a World Heritage Site around 2010, few people visited Yangdong.  After it was declared a World Heritage Site, many more came.  People worried about whether the extra visitors would damage the site. Tourists, including schoolchildren on field trips, often visit Yangdong.

Famous people from Yangdong include the Joseon era philosopher Lee Eon-jeok (1491-1553), nicknamed "Hoejae." Hojae is called one of the "Five Great Sages of the East."

## References
Dakar Region

**Dakar** is a region in the west of Senegal. The regional capital is Dakar, which is also the national capital.

As of the 2013 census, 2,956,023 people lived there. It has an area of .

## Départements 
There are four départements:
* Dakar Département
* Guédiawaye Département
* Pikine Département
* Rufisque Département
Fatick Region

**Fatick** is a region in the southwest of Senegal. The regional capital is Fatick.

As of the 2013 census, 684,652 people lived there. It has an area of .

## Départements 
There are three départements:
* Fatick Département
* Foundiougne Département
* Gossas Département
Cabeza de negro

The **cabeza de negro**, **sincuya**, or **soncoya** (*Annona purpurea*) is a species of plant in the genus Annona. The name "cabeza de negro" is also applied to the similar species *Annona diversifolia*. It is often used for fruit and medicine. It is deciduous, and has hairy leaves and large, scented flowers. It can grow up to 6 to 10 metres (20 to 33 feet). It can take 3 years for it to have fruit.

## References
American Guerrilla in the Philippines

***American Guerrilla in the Philippines*** (released as ***I Shall Return*** in the UK) is a 1950 American war movie directed by Fritz Lang and is based on the 1945 book of the same name by Ira Wolfert. It stars Tyrone Power, Micheline Presle and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

## Other websites 
*
Viva Zalata

***Viva Zalata*** () is a 1976 Egyptian western comedy movie directed by Hassan Hafez and starring Fouad El Mohandes, Shwikar, Samir Ghanem, Tawfiq El Deken, and Hussien Fahmy.

## Other websites
* 
* Viva Zalata on elCinema.com
Complex of Koguryo tombs

The **complex of Koguryo tombs** or **Goguryeo tombs** is a group of tombs, or places where human bodies are buried, in North Korea. The tombs were built during the Kingdom of Koguryo, which ruled parts of China and Korea from 37 BCE. to the 7th century CE.  These tombs were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2004.

The tombs are made of stonework and earthwork and some of them have large, detailed paintings inside them.  Historians have found about 10,000 tombs from the Koguryo kingdom in China and Korea.  Only about 100 of them have paintings on the inside.  80 of these painted tombs are in what we today call the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, or North Korea.  63 tombs are part of the World Heritage Site, and 16 of these tombs have paintings.  They were chosen because their paintings are so detailed and show daily life, because the way they were built shows good engineering, because modern people can use the tombs to tell what the people of the Kingdom of Koguryo thought about burying people, and because the burials in the Kingdom of Koguryo affected many later countries, including the modern Koreas and Japan.

Thieves and other looters broke into some of the tombs, and only a few were completely untouched when scientists first saw them.

In May 2020, the National Museum of Korea in Seoul, South Korea, produced a digital exhibit called Immersive Digital Galleries.  This exhibit included digital versions of some of the paintings from the Anak No. 3 tomb.

## References
Romana, Sardinia

**Romana** (*Rumàna*) is a town and *comune* (municipality) in the Province of Sassari in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 543 people lived there. Its area is 21.6&nbsp;km². It is 267 meters above sea level.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Assemini

**Assemini** (*Assèmini*) is a town and *comune* (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Cagliari in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 26,818 people lived there. Its area is 118.17&nbsp;km². It is 6 meters above sea level.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Louga Region

**Louga** is a region in the northwest of Senegal. The regional capital is Louga.

As of the 2013 census, 835,325 people lived there. It has an area of .

## Départements 
There are three départements:
* Kébémer Département
* Linguère Département
* Louga Département
Cladoxylopsida

]]

The **cladoxylopsids** are a group of plants known only as fossils that may be ancestors of ferns and horsetails.

They had a central trunk, from the top of which several lateral branches were attached. Fossils of these plants start in the middle Devonian to early Carboniferous periods, mostly just as stems.

Cladoxylopsida contains two orders. The order Hyeniales is now included in Pseudosporochnales.

Intact fossils of the Middle Devonian cladoxylopsid *Wattieza* show it was a tree, the earliest known in the fossil record as of 2007.  In 2019, experts discovered more fossils of Cladoxylopsida and *Archaeopteris* in a quarry in Cairo, New York.

## References
Martha, Oklahoma

**Martha** is a town in Oklahoma in the United States.  According to the 2020 census, there were 162 people living there. 

## References
Diourbel Region

**Diourbel** is a region in the central west of Senegal. The regional capital is Diourbel.

As of the 2013 census, 1,420,082 people lived there. It has an area of .

## Départements 
There are three départements:
* Bambey Département
* Diourbel Département
* Mbacké Département
Everman, Texas

Texas map]]
**Everman** is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. According to the 2020 US census, there are 6,154 people living there.  

## References 
## Other websites 
*
The Mudlark

***The Mudlark*** is a 1950 American British movie directed by Jean Negulesco and was based on the 1949 novel of the same name by Theodore Bonnet. It stars Alec Guinness, Irene Dunne, Andrew Ray, Beatrice Campbell, Finlay Currie, Anthony Steel and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. It was nominated an Academy Award in 1951.

## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*
Murtaja Baseer

**Murtaja Baseer** (17 August 1932 &ndash; 15 August 2020) was a Bangladeshi painter. He was also a poet, short story writer, novelist, researcher, numismatist, and filmmaker. 

He was awarded Ekushey Padak in 1980 by the Government of Bangladesh.

Baseer worked at University of Chittagong as an assistant professor and served until 1998.

Baseer has written several novels including *Ultramarine* (1954), *Kanch-er Pakhir Gaan* (1969), *Mitar Shangey Char Shandha* and *Amitakkhar*. He was a regular contributor to literary journals like Dilruba, Samakal, and Saogat. His first published poem was *Parbe Na*. 

Baseer was active in leftist politics during the 1950s and was sent to prison during the Pakistan government.

In 1987, he received a fellowship from British Council to carry out research on folk and traditional art of Bangladesh.

Baseer died from COVID-19 in Dhaka on 15 August 2020, aged 87.

## References
Shwikar

**Shwikar Ibrahim** () (04 May 1935 &ndash; 14 August 2020) was an Egyptian actress. She started her career in Alexandria in some tragedic roles. She was born in Alexandria. Her best known role was as Negma in the 1976 western movie *Viva Zalata*.

Shwikar died on 14 August 2020 in Cairo, aged 81.

## References
Herb Orvis

**Herbert Vaughn Orvis** (October 17, 1946 – August 14, 2020) was an American football defensive tackle. He played for the Detroit Lions and the Baltimore Colts in a ten-year career that lasted from 1972 to 1981 in the National Football League.

Orvis played college football at the University of Colorado. He was born in Petoskey, Michigan.

Orvis was drafted 16th overall in the first round of the 1972 NFL Draft by the Lions, playing for five years with that team.  From 1978-81, he played for the Colts.

Orvis was chosen to be honored into the College Football Hall of Fame on January 8, 2015. 

Orvis died on August 14, 2020 in Goodyear, Arizona at the age of 73.

## References
Linda Manz

**Linda Manz** (August 20, 1961 – August 14, 2020) was an American actress. She was active from 1978 to 1997. She was best known for her roles in *Days of Heaven* (1978), *Out of the Blue* (1980), and *Gummo* (1997). Manz was born in New York City.

Manz died on August 14, 2020 from pneumonia caused by lung cancer in New York City at the age of 58.

## References
## Other websites
*
Ernst Jean-Joseph

**Ernst Jean-Joseph** (11 June 1948 – 14 August 2020) was a Haitian football midfielder. He played for Haiti in the 1974 FIFA World Cup. He played for Violette A.C. and briefly for Chicago Sting.

## References
Pete Way

**Peter Frederick Way** (7 August 1951 – 14 August 2020) was an English bass player. He is best known as the bassist of the rock band UFO. He played in the band from 1969 to 1982, briefly in 1988–1989 and once again from 1991 to 2008. 

Way was also known as a founding member of Waysted and Fastway. He also notably played with Michael Schenker Group and Ozzy Osbourne.

Way died on 14 August 2020 at the age of 69. He died due to an injury caused by accident two months earlier. He was 69 years old.

## References
Francesc Badia Batalla

**Francesc Badia Batalla** (10 January 1923 – 14 August 2020) was an Andorran politician and historian. He was the Episcopal Veguer of Andorra from 1972 until 1993. He also was a judge of the Tribunal of the Courts of Andorra over the same time. He was born in Montblanc, Tarragona, Spain.

Badia Batalla died on 14 August 2020, aged 97.

## References
Dimasangcay Pundato

**Dimasangcay Pundato** (December 21, 1947 – August 13, 2020) a Muslim Filipino revolutionary leader and politician. He was born in Dansalan, Lanao. 

For nine years, he was a member of the Office on Muslim Affairs (OMA) under the Office of the President during the administrations of the President Cory Aquino and President Fidel V. Ramos. He was Vice Chairman of the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) and Chairman of the MNLF Reformist Group.

Pundato died at his home in Marawi on August 13, 2020, at the age of 72.

## References
Chris Eccleshall

**Christopher J. Eccleshall** (26 May 1948 &ndash; 13 August 2020) was an English luthier, guitar designer and guitar dealer. He worked with Martin, Gibson, and Guild guitars. He was also known for making Selmer-Maccaferri jazz guitars.

Eccleshall originally trained as a violin maker with W. E. Hill and Sons of Bond Street in London. He was also an engineer in the Fleet Air Arm.

Eccleshall died on 13 August 2020 in Dartington, Devon at the age of 72.

## References
Mitch Hoopes

**Mitchell Kent Hoopes** (July 8, 1953 – August 11, 2020) was an American football punter in the National Football League for the Dallas Cowboys, San Diego Chargers, Houston Oilers, Detroit Lions and Philadelphia Eagles. 

He also was a member of the Boston Breakers in the United States Football League. He played college football at the University of Arizona. He was born in Bisbee, Arizona.

Hoopes died on August 11, 2020, aged 67.

## References
Tetsuya Watari

(December 28, 1941 – August 10, 2020) was a Japanese actor. His career lasted from 1964 until his death. He was born in Awaji, Hyōgo. His best known roles were in *Tokyo Drifter*, *Outlaw: Gangster VIP* and  *Katsu Kaishū*. His brother, Tsunehiko Watase, who was also an actor.

Watari died of pneumonia on August 10, 2020 in Tokyo, aged 78.

## References
Konrad Steffen

**Konrad "Koni" Steffen** (2 January 1952 – 8 August 2020) was a Swiss glaciologist. He was known for his research into the impact of global warming on the Arctic. He was born in Zurich. Steffen was an associate professor of geography at the University of Colorado Boulder from 1991 to 1997.

He was the director of the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences at  Boulder from 2005 to 2012. 

He took office as the director of the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research on July 1, 2012.

Steffen died, aged 68, on 8 August 2020 in an accident while on a field trip in Greenland. He fell into a crevasse near the Swiss Camp research station and drowned.

## References
John Talbut

**John Talbut** (20 October 1940 &ndash; 14 August 2020) was an English football defender. He played for the England under-23 team whilst at the club. 

In December 1966 Jimmy Hagan paid £30,000 to take Talbut to West Bromwich Albion. Talbut was a winner with the Baggies in the 1968 FA Cup Final but also featured on the losing side in the 1970 Football League Cup Final. 

Talbut died on 14 August 2020 from dementia-related problems, aged 79.

## References
Nesim Tahirović

**Nesim Tahirović** (23 October 1941 — 14 August 2020) was a Bosnian painter.

During a forty five-year career as an independent artist he had around sixty solo exhibitions and more than hundred group exhibitions. His paintings were exhibited in museums, galleries and sold to private collectors all over the world. 

He was a member of *The Association of Applied Artists and Designers of Bosnia and Herzegovina* (ULUPUBiH) and *Association of Visual Artists of Bosnia and Herzegovina* (ULUBiH).

Tahirović died on 14 August 2020 in Tuzla, aged 78.

## References
Baltimore Plot

The **Baltimore Plot** was a plan by pro-slavery owners in late February 1861 to assassinate President-elect of the United States Abraham Lincoln. The plan was to kill Lincoln while he was on his way to his inauguration. 

Allan Pinkerton, founder of the Pinkerton National Detective Agency, played a key role by being in charge of Lincoln's security throughout the journey. Though scholars debate whether or not the threat was real, clearly Lincoln and his advisors believed that there was a threat and took actions to make sure he traveled safely through Baltimore, Maryland. This was where Lincoln's plotted assassination would have happened.

Lincoln arrived secretly in Washington, D.C. on February 23, 1861.   A planned train route through Bellaire, Ohio, to Wheeling, Virginia (West Virginia had yet to break off from Virginia) and eastward, was redirected up through the Pittsburgh through Pennsylvania, into  Maryland and eventually to Washington.

For the remainder of his presidency, Lincoln's many critics would call him a coward because he was in disguise while travelling secretly to Washington.

## References
Surrender of Japan

Mamoru Shigemitsu signs the Japanese Instrument of Surrender aboard the  as General Richard K. Sutherland watches, September 2, 1945]]
The **surrender of Imperial Japan** was announced by Japanese Emperor Hirohito on August 15 and formally signed on September 2, 1945. This ended World War II. 

By the end of July 1945, the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) was not able to carry major operations and an Allied invasion of Japan was near. 

Together with the United Kingdom and China, the United States called for the unconditional surrender of the Japanese armed forces in the Potsdam Declaration on July 26, 1945.

A key factor in Japan's surrender were the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

## References
Kate Warne

**Kate Warne** (1833 – January 28, 1868) was an American law enforcement officer. She was known as the first female detective, in 1856, in the Pinkerton Detective Agency and the United States. 

She played a key role in helping then President-elect of the United States Abraham Lincoln travel to Washington, D.C. safely during the alleged Baltimore Plot (the plot to kill Lincoln in Baltimore, Maryland) in 1862. She was born in Erin, New York.

Warne died of pneumonia in Chicago on January 28, 1868.

## References
Allan Pinkerton

**Allan J. Pinkerton** (August 25, 1819 – July 1, 1884) was a Scottish–American detective and spy. He was best known for creating the Pinkerton National Detective Agency. He was known for protecting then-President-elect of the United States Abraham Lincoln during the Baltimore Plot (a plan to kill Lincoln in Baltimore, Maryland in 1862).

## References
Erin, New York

**Erin** is a town in Chemung County, New York, United States. The population in Town of Erin was 1,806 at the 2020 census. The town was named by early settlers from Ireland.

The town is east of Elrima and near the county’s border in the north.

## References
Crevasse

, Mount Baker, in the North Cascades, Washington]]

A **crevasse** is a deep crack, or fracture, found in an ice sheet or glacier. It is like a crevice that forms in rock. Crevasses form as a result of the movement caused by the shear stress between two semi-rigid pieces of ice.

Crevasses often have vertical or near-vertical walls, which can then melt and create seracs, arches, and other ice formations.

## References
Lenawee County, Michigan

**Lenawee County** is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. The county seat is Adrian. As of the 2020 census, 99,423 people lived here.

## References
Luce County, Michigan

**Luce County** is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, 5,339 people live here. The county seat is Newberry.

## References
Crinkle crankle wall

, Suffolk]]
.]]

A **crinkle crankle wall** is a brick wall built in alternate convex and concave curves. It is sometimes described as a **serpentine wall** or a **wavy wall**. It is found most often in England, though the idea has been used elsewhere. The walls do look elegant, but the main object is practical. The format resists the usual pushes from the surrounding earth, and so needs fewer repairs than straight walls do.

Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826) incorporated serpentine walls into the architecture of the University of Virginia, which he founded. On both sides of its rotunda and down the length of the lawn are ten pavilions. Each has its own walled garden separated by crinkle crankle walls.

Many crinkle crankle walls are found in East Anglia, England. There the marshes of The Fens were drained by Dutch engineers, starting in the mid-1600s. They apparently introduced the idea.&nbsp; The county of Suffolk has at least 50 examples, twice as many as in the rest of the country. The term "crinkle crankle" is said to derive from a Suffolk dialect. The crinkle crankle wall running from the former manor house to All Saints' Church in the estate village of Easton is believed to be the longest existing example.

The idea, which is never seen in cities, is not that uncommon in south-eastern England. The ancient village of Wheathampstead in Hertfordshire has a crinckle-crankle wall near its church. It has needed far less maintenance than the straight walls in the vicinity.

In Lymington, Hampshire, there are at least two examples of crinkle crankle walls. The older of the two is thought to have been constructed at the time of the Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) by exiled Hanoverian soldiers living in a nearby house.

## References
Ray tracing

**Ray tracing** is a computer algorithm for drawing very realistic 3D images.

With ray tracing, objects in the scene are described with geometrical shapes like spheres or planes. The computer then sends rays (straight lines) forward from where the camera is. The objects that get hit by these rays are the objects that the camera can see. The computer then draws these objects. This is similar to how our eyes see but in the real world the rays (light) go the opposite way – from the world to our eyes. If we made rays go from the world to the camera, most of the rays would not hit the camera, and we would have to wait a long time until we see an image appear. That is why instead, we make rays go from the camera to the world, meaning we know all the rays we create will go to the camera.

## History 
Ray Tracing was first mentioned by Albrecht Dürer in the XVI century. In 1982, Scott Roth called this technique "ray emission" in the computer graphics context, but in that time, it was a less accurate version of the Ray Tracing that didn't include reflection and refraction of light.
Tom Forsyth

**Thomas  Forsyth** (23 January 1949 – 14 August 2020) was a Scottish football player and coach. Forsyth played as a defender for Motherwell, Rangers and Scotland.

After his playing retirement, Forsyth was appointed manager of Dunfermline Athletic in 1982.

Forsyth was appointed McLean's assistant at Motherwell then Hearts, when McLean moved to these clubs in 1984 and 1994.

Forsyth died on 14 August 2020, aged 71.

## References
Crofting

**Crofting** is a form of land tenure. It also involves small-scale food production, particularly in the Scottish Highlands. Within the 19th century, townships, and individual crofts were established on the better land. Then a large area of poorer-quality hill ground was shared by all the crofters of the township for feeding their livestock.

## Practice 
Crofting is a traditional social system in Scotland defined by small-scale food production. It is a group of common working communities, or "townships". Individual crofts are typically established on  of  for better quality forage, arable and vegetable production. Each township manages poorer-quality hill ground as common grazing for cattle and sheep.

Despite its challenges, crofting is important to the Highlands. In 2014-15 there were 19,422 crofts, with 15,388 crofters. S

## Requirements 
Tenants and owner-occupier crofters are required to comply with a range of duties specified in sections 5AA to 5C and 19C of the Crofters (Scotland) Act 1993. There is a requirement to be ordinarily resident within 32&nbsp;km of the croft. If the croft is the sole dwelling and the crofter's family are resident while the croft is away this would probably be accepted as ordinarily resident. Other situations involving other places of residence would need to be assessed individually. In addition to the duty of residence tenants and owner occupier crofters are required to ensure the croft is cultivated, maintained and not neglected or misused.

## References 
## Other websites 
* The Scottish Crofting Federation

**Notes**

* Crofters, Indigenous People of the Highlands and Islands  at Scottish Crofting Foundation
Feldkirchen, Upper Bavaria

**Feldkirchen** (Central Bavarian: *Fejdkira*) is a municipality in the Munich Rural District in Upper Bavaria, Germany.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Pinkerton (detective agency)

**Pinkerton**, founded as the **Pinkerton National Detective Agency**, is a private security guard and detective agency created in the United States by Scottish-American spy Allan Pinkerton in 1850. It is a part of Securitas AB. 

Pinkerton became famous when he claimed to have stopped a plot to assassinate president-elect Abraham Lincoln, who later hired Pinkerton agents for his personal security during the Civil War. Pinkerton's agents performed services ranging from security guarding to private military contracting work. 

The Pinkerton National Detective Agency hired women and minorities from its founding. Pinkerton was the largest private law enforcement organization in the world at the height of its power.

## References
The Fireball

***The Fireball*** is a 1950 American drama movie directed by Tay Garnett and stars Mickey Rooney and Pat O'Brien. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

## Other websites 
* 
* 
* 
*
Soldiers Three

***Soldiers Three*** is a 1951 American historical adventure movie directed by Tay Garnett and starring Stewart Granger, Walter Pidgeon, David Niven. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

## Other websites 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Historic Centres of Berat and Gjirokastër

The **Historic Centres of Berat and Gjirokastër** () are cities of Berat and Gjirokastër in southern Albania. Together, they form the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Albania.  Gjirokastër was added to the list in 2005. Berat was later added in 2008. They are known as examples of a unique design common during the Ottoman period.

Berat is also known as the city of a thousand windows. It is one of the most special architectural sites in Albania. Similarities in Illyrians, Greeks, Romans, Byzantines and Ottomans influences are still evident. The designs are seen and well preserved in the city with castles and mansions, old churches and mosques and grand wall paintings, icons and murals. Throughout the centuries, Berat was the place where different religions and communities co-existed in peace.

Gjirokastër, also known as the city of stone. It stretches on the top side of the Drino River valley. It looks over the historic landscape with beautiful stone setting edbed by mountains at every side. Like most cities in Albania, Gjirokastër has architectural designs from many civilizations that  conquered the area. 

## Places to visit 
### Berat 
## Related pages 
* List of World Heritage Sites in Albania

## References
Estaing, Aveyron

**Estaing** is a commune of the Aveyron department in the southern part of France.

## Related pages 
* Communes of the Aveyron department
Bulgur

**Burghul** () is a food made from cracked par-boiled wheat. It is sometimes called **bulgur**. It is very popular in Middle Eastern and Turkish cuisines.

## References
Lake Worth, Texas

**Lake Worth** is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. As of 2020, there are 4,921 people living there.

## References
Richland Hills, Texas

**Richland Hills** is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.

## Geography 
Richland Hills has a total area of 3.1 square miles.
Pantego, Texas

**Pantego** is a town in the U.S. state of Texas. At the 2020 census, the population was 2,568.

## Other website
* Official website of the Town of Pantego
Montcalm County, Michigan

**Montcalm County** is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, 66,614 people live here. The county seat is Stanton.

## References
Your Name Is Justine

***Your Name Is Justine*** () is a 2005 Luxembourgian Polish thriller movie directed by Franco de Peña. It starred Anna Cieslak, Arno Frisch, Rafal Mackowiak, Dominique Pinon, Mathieu Carrière, David Scheller. 

## References 
## Other websites
*
Ames, Texas

**Ames** is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. According to the 2020 census, 937 people lived there.

## References 
* 
*
NGC 75

**NGC 75** is a lenticular galaxy in the Pisces constellation. It was discovered by Lewis A. Swift in 1886.

## References
NGC 4479

**NGC 4479** is a barred lenticular galaxy located about 60 million light-years away. It is in the Coma Berenices constellation.

## References
Tian Shan

The **Tian Shan** is a large system of mountain ranges in Central Asia. The tallest mountain is Jengish Chokusu, at  high. The eastern part of the ranges became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2013. The western part in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan became a World Heritage Site in 2016. The ranges are along the border with China and Kyrgyzstan, and stretches towards the west. The ancient North Silk Road used to go next to the mountain range for people to travel between East Asia and the Middle East. They would follow the mountain range when travelling through the Taklamakan Desert.

## Notes
## References
__STATICREDIRECT__
Brazil (1985 movie)

***Brazil*** is a 1985 science fiction movie directed by Terry Gilliam and written by Gilliam, Charles McKeown, and Tom Stoppard. The movie stars Jonathan Pryce and features Robert De Niro, Kim Greist, Michael Palin, Katherine Helmond, Bob Hoskins, Oscar Quitak and Ian Holm.

It is about a man (Jonathan Pryce) in an imagined society where there is a lot of suffering and injustice.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* Wide Angle Closeup: The Terry Gilliam Files – Interviews and production stories on *Brazil*
* *Brazil* Screenplay, Terry Gilliam, Tom Stoppard & Charles McKeown, Daily Script website
* DGA magazine interview with Gilliam
* Hamel, James Keith. *Modernity and Mise-en-scene: Terry Gilliam and *Brazil, from *Images: Journal of Film and Popular Culture*
* *Brazil: A Great Place to Visit, Wouldn’t Want to Live There* an essay by David Sterritt at the Criterion Collection