open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Bioturbation

**Bioturbation** is the reworking of soils and sediments by animals or plants. It disturbs and changes sediment. Any animal living in the soil or on the bottom under water may disturb the sediment by moving it around. Burrowing, eating and defecation of sediment grains, building galleries (etc.) all disturb the sediment.

Common bioturbators include annelids ("ringed worms") such as oligochaetes, bivalves like mussels, clams, gastropods, holothurians. 

Fossil sites with bioturbation do not leave traces of soft-bodied animals. In contrast, fossil sites with undisturbed sediment have given rise to important lagerstätten with many impressions of small soft-bodied invertebrates.

## References
Paradip

**Paradip** (also **Paradeep**) is a major seaport town in India. It is a designated notified area in Jagatsinghpur district of Odisha.

## Geography
Paradip is located at . It has an average elevation of .

## Reference
## Other websites
* 
* About Paradip 
* Port of Paradip
* At Hannover, India’s big infrastructure idea: Special Economic Regions
Outrigger skis

**Outrigger skis** are skis that are used by para-skiers to help with balance, turn, control their rate of motion, stop and make easier the direction of turns.   They be different in size and level, and have different things. Being dependent on the total number of skis used by the skier (1 or 2), outrigger ski form  is sometimes named "Three Track Skiing" or "Four Track Skiing".  When falling, skiers are taught to move their arms to put a stop to falling on the outrigger ski and damaging themselves.

File:Dd0394- Lillehammer Winter Games, David Munk - 3b- scanned photo.jpg|Australian skier David Munk goes down a hill at the Winter Paralympics with the aid of outriggers|alt=Sitting skier skiing downhill
File:Xx0188 - 1988 winter paralympics - 3b - scans (6).jpg
File:Standing woman number 11b.JPG|Allison Jones using outrigger skis

## References
## Bibliography 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## Other websites
*
European badger

The **European badger** (*Meles meles*) is a species of badger. Its genus is *Meles*. It is native to almost all of Europe. It is classed as Least Concern for extinction by the IUCN because of its wide distribution and large population.

The European badger is a social, burrowing animal. It eats a wide variety of plants and animals. It is very fussy over the cleanliness of its burrow, and defecates in latrines. It is known of European badgers that they bury their dead family members. Although they are ferocious when provoked, the European badger is generally a peaceful animal. It has been known to share its burrows with other species such as rabbits, red foxes and raccoon dogs. Although it does not usually prey on domestic animals, the species is sometimes reported to damage livestock through spreading bovine tuberculosis.

## Reference
## Other websites
* ARKive  Photographs and video
* Badgerland - The Definitive On-Line Guide to Badgers (Meles meles) in the UK
* Badgerwatcher.com - A guide to watching badgers in the UK
* Wildlifeonline - Natural History of the European Badger
* Lancashire Badger Group.
* Science & Nature: Animals , BBC.
* Badgers in the Netherlands, Badgergroup Brabant Foundation.
* Badger Survey in the Netherlands 2000-2001 , The Census Foundation.
* Waarneming.nl  Originally a Dutch site, but you can change language at the top of the page. Sightings, pictures and distribution maps of European badgers in the Netherlands.
* Badgers in France, L’assiociation Meles.
* A video of an adult european badger. This is a close up video showing their behaviour
Nellaiappar Temple

The **Swami Nellaiappar Temple** () is a Hindu temple in the city of Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India. It is the main centre of attraction in the city.

The Nellaiappar Temple is in the middle of Tirunelveli. It is surrounded by roads on all four sides. All the roads are filled with small stores, hotels and other small businesses. The other name for Tirunelveli is *Nellai*, which is derived from the god of this temple "Nellaiappar", means the Protector of Nellai.

The Nellaiappar Temple was constructed by Nindraseer Nedumaran who reigned in the 7th century A.D. There is a flower garden in the centre of the temple. In the centre of the garden, there is a square vasantha mandapam with 100 pillars. It is said that this whole place used to be full of bamboo trees and was destroyed, and so inside the temple they still have some bamboo trees.
Isabella Acres

**Isabella Acres** (born February 21, 2001) is an American actress who played Rose on *Better Off Ted*.

Acres was born in Atlanta, where she discovered her love for acting in children's theater. She then relocated to Los Angeles. Acres' little sister, Ava, is also an actress.

Acres is best known for her series regular role as Rose Crisp on *Better Off Ted*, the seven-year-old daughter of Ted (Jay Harrington) who is often the most mature person at his home and workplace. The show's first season finished in August 2009, with a second picked up for January 2010.

Acres also appeared on an episode of *Monk* in 2007, and single episodes of *The Mentalist* where she plays Patrick Jane's (Simon Baker) daughter and on the hit television show *Hannah Montana*. Acres was nominated for Best Performance in a TV Series, Guest Starring Young Actress at the Young Artist Awards 2009 for her performance in *The Mentalist*.

She currently can be seen in the recurring role of Soleil Friedman in the second season of the Fox television series *Touch*.

## Filmography
### Television
### Film
## References
## Other websites 
*
Gakkel Ridge

The **Gakkel Ridge** (formerly known as the **Nansen Cordillera** and **Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge**) is a mid-oceanic ridge. It is located in the Arctic Ocean between Greenland and Siberia. It is a divergent tectonic plate boundary between the North American Plate and the Eurasian Plate. It is  in length.  Geologically, it connects the northern end of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge with the Laptev Sea Rift.

The existence and approximate location of the Gakkel Ridge were predicted by Soviet polar explorer Yakov Yakovlevich Gakkel. It was confirmed on Soviet expeditions in the Arctic around 1950. The ridge is named after him. The name was recognized in April 1987 by SCUFN (under that body's old name, the Sub-Committee on Geographical Names and Nomenclature of Ocean Bottom Features).

## Reference
## More reading

* Jokat, Wilfried, and Mechita C. Schmidt-Aursch. 2007. "Geophysical Characteristics of the Ultraslow Spreading Gakkel Ridge, Arctic Ocean". *Geophysical Journal International*. 168, no. 3: 983-998. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03278.x

## Other websites
* Polar Discovery: Gakkel Ridge
* NOAA scientist and colleagues find hot springs in cold waters
Autotransplantation

**Autotransplantation** is  transplanting tissues from one part of the body to another part of the same person. Skin grafts are a common example. 

Another example: a piece of bone (usually from the hip) is removed and ground into a paste when reconstructing another portion of bone.

## Related pages
*Xenotransplantation
Xenotransplantation

**Xenotransplantation** (from the Greek *-*  meaning "foreign"), is the transplantation of living cells, tissues or organs from one species to another.

## Related pages
*Autotransplantation

## References
Cooling tower

at Didcot Power Station (UK)]]
" natural draft wet cooling tower near Dresden (Germany)]]
 connecting to a chiller for a large commerical/industrial building]]

**Cooling towers** are towers that are used to transfer waste heat to the atmosphere. Cooling towers may use the evaporation of water to remove heat and cool the working fluid to near the wet-bulb air temperature. They may also use only air to cool the working fluid to near the dry-bulb air temperature. Cooling towers are used in oil refineries, petrochemical plants and power stations, especially nuclear power stations. In a nuclear power plant, the cooling tower is isolated from the nuclear reactor by a heat exchanger, and the steam from the cooling tower is not radioactive. The cooling tower is usually the tallest and most visible part of a nuclear power plant, much taller than the reactor building or turbine hall.
Júnior Fernándes

**Antenor Junior Fernandes da Silva Vitoria** (born 4 October 1988 in Tocopilla) is a Chilean footballer of Brazilian descent who currently plays for Fußball-Bundesliga club Bayer Leverkusen as a striker.

## International career 
He has been summoned to Chile national football team to face friendly matches during the second half of 2011 by team manager Claudio Borghi. He debuted in the national team on 11 September 2012, on a qualifying match for the 2014 FIFA World Cup against Colombia.

## References
## Other websites
* Junior Fernándes at Football Lineups
* BDFA Profile
Johanns Dulcien

**Johanns Alexander Dulcien Neira** (born 26 March 1991) is a Chilean former footballer who played as an attacking midfielder.

## Other websites
*BDFA Profile
Cecilia Bolocco

**Cecilia Carolina Bolocco Fönck** (born May 19, 1965 in Santiago, Chile) is a Chilean television presenter, actress, model, fashion designer, and former Miss Universe 1987 of italian and german origin. She is the older sister of Diana Bolocco.

## Television 
### Programs 
### TV series 
## Other websites 
*
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China

**Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited** (**ICBC**; ) is the largest bank in the world by profit and market capitalization. It is one of China's 'Big Four' state-owned commercial banks. The other three banks are Bank of China, Agricultural Bank of China, and China Construction Bank.
It was founded on January 1, 1984. At first it was a private company. It had assets of RMB 12.55 trillion (US$1.9 trillion). It also had over 18,000 outlets including 106 overseas branches and agents globally. In 2013, it was ranked number 1 on *Forbes* Global 2000 list of world's biggest public companies.

## References
## Other websites
*Financial Reports
*Industrial and Commercial Bank of China 
*Industrial and Commercial Bank of China
Eddie Mabo

**Eddie Koiki Mabo** ( 29 June 1936 &ndash; 21 January 1992) was an Indigenous Australian activist from the Torres Strait Islands. He became well known for campaigning for indigenous land rights. In particular, he became famous for his role in an historic decision by the High Court of Australia in 1992, which overturned the idea that Australia was *terra nullius* (land belonging to nobody).

## Early life 
Mabo was born as Eddie Koiki Sambo. He changed his surname to Mabo when he was adopted by his mother's brother, Benny Mabo. He was born on Mer (Murray Island) in the Torres Strait between Australia and Papua New Guinea. He worked on a number of jobs before becoming a gardener with James Cook University in Townsville, when he was 31 years old. The time he spent on the university campus had a major impact on his life. In 1974, Mabo was surprised to learn that his family did not legally own the land they lived on. In a conversation with Noel Loos and Henry Reynolds, he learned that legally that land belonged to the Crown.

## Activism and legacy 
In 1981, a conference on land rights was held at James Cook University. Mabo made a speech to the audience where he explained the indigenous customary land inheritance system on Murray Island. One of the people who attended the conference, a lawyer, suggested they should make a case to claim land rights through the court system. A case was made, and took 10 years to reach a decision. Mabo died a few months before the decision. He died on 21 January 1992, of cancer at the age of 55.

Five months later, on 3 June 1992, the High Court overturned the legal doctrine of *terra nullius* - which was the term applied to the attitude of the British Empire towards land ownership on the continent of Australia. That decision is now commonly called "Mabo v Queensland" in Australia and is widely recognised for its importance. Later in 1992, Mabo was awarded the Australian Human Rights Medal for his work over many years to gain legal recognition for indigenous people's rights.

Three years after Mabo died, which is the traditional mourning period for the people of Murray Island, a memorial service was held in Townsville. Overnight, his grave was vandalised; it was spray-painted with swastikas and the word "" (a derogatory slang term for an Aboriginal person). His family decided to have his body reburied on Murray Island.

## Related pages 
*Aboriginal title

## References 
## Other websites
* Mabo Papers at the National Library of Australia
* Biography by Gail Mabo, his daughter 
* Collection of art works by Edward Koiki Mabo - held and digitised by the National Library of Australia
Sandpiper

]]

**Sandpipers** are a large family of waders or shorebirds, the **Scolopacidae**. They include many species called sandpipers, as well as those called by names such as curlew and snipe. 

Sandpipers are small birds with a longish pointed beak, and usually a rounded shape. Most species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud, sand or soil. Different lengths of bills allow different species to feed in the same habitat on the coast without direct competition for food.

Sandpipers have long legs, and narrow wings. Most species have a narrow bill, but otherwise the form and length are quite variable. They are small to medium sized birds, measuring  cm in length. The bills are sensitive, allowing the birds to feel the mud and sand as they probe for food. They generally have dull plumage, with cryptic brown, grey, or streaked patterns, although some display brighter colours during the breeding season.

Most species nest in open areas, and defend their territories with aerial displays. The nest itself is a simple scrape in the ground, in which the bird usually lays three or four eggs. The young of most species are precocial.

## References
Football Champ

***Football Champ*** is an arcade-style football video game. The game was developed by Taito in Japan. It was first released in arcades in 1990.

## Other websites
*
Ross Turnbull

**Ross Turnbull** (born 4 January 1985) is an English former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Between 2002 and 2017 he made 148 league appearances for a number of clubs, notably Middlesbrough, Chelsea, Crewe Alexandra and Doncaster Rovers. He is a former England U19 international.

## Career statistics
:Source:

## Honours
**Chelsea**
*FA Cup: 2009–10, 2011–12
*UEFA Champions League: 2011–12
*UEFA Europa League: 2012-13

**Individual**
*Middlesbrough Young Player of the Year: 2007–08

## References
Saint Helena plover

The **Saint Helena plover** (*Charadrius sanctaehelenae*), locally known as the **wirebird**, is a small bird (a plover) endemic to the island of Saint Helena.

The bird was first mentioned in 1638, and is the national bird of Saint Helena; it appears on the top half of the island's coat of arms. Some older coins of Saint Helena (before 1998) have the Wirebird on its reverse.

## Description and biology 
The Saint Helena plover is the only bird species endemic to the South Atlantic island of Saint Helena that is still living.

It is a small bird (length: 15 cm) with long and thin legs, like wires; because of that, the bird is known as *wirebird* in Saint Helena.

Kittlitz's plover (*Charadrius pecuarius*) is the Saint Helena bird's closest relative; for some authors, the Saint Helena Plover is a subspecies of the Kittlitz's plover but most zoologists think that they are two different species.

Breeding takes place throughout the year, but mainly during the dry season, from late September to January. The nest is on the ground where they lay two eggs. After leaving the nest, the young birds move throughout the island in small groups.

Saint Helena plovers like areas of land with grasses (pastures) that are at middle elevations, mainly in flat, dry areas with low plants.

## Threats and conservation
Because of changes in the use of the land and the introduction of predators (rats, cats, dogs and other species), the number of individuals of the Saint Helena plover is critically low. A census carried out during 2005 and 2006 showed that this species had been reduced in about 40 percent in just five years to only 235 individuals. There has since been a small increase in numbers, however.

The Saint Helena plover is protected by law on Saint Helena since 1894, and several organisations work to conserve this species; one of the organizations helping to conserve this species is The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, which has a project named "Enabling the people of St Helena to conserve the St Helena wirebird", as part of the Overseas Territories Environment Programme of the UK.

## References
## Other websites
* St Helena National Trust - leading the conversation of the Wirebird 
* Website with information on the bird 
* Animal Diversity Web
* Catalogue of Life : Charadrius sanctaehelenae (Harting, 1873)
* ITIS Charadrius sanctaehelenae (Harting, 1873)
* World Birds Taxonomic List
Jessica DiCicco

**Jessica Sonya DiCicco** (born June 10, 1980) is an American actress, singer and voice artist. She is perhaps best known for her voice acting in animated television shows and video games.

## Filmography
## References 
## Other websites
*
Henrique Rosa

**Henrique Pereira Rosa** (16 January 1946 &ndash; 15 May 2013) was a politician from Guinea-Bissau. He was interim President of Guinea-Bissau from 2003 to 2005. 

Rosa was born on 16 January 1946 in Bafatá, Guinea-Bissau. Rosa handed over power to Vieira on 1 October 2005.

Rosa stood as an independent candidate in the Guinea-Bissau presidential election, 2009, finishing in third place.

On 15 May 2013, Rosa died at a hospital in Porto, in northern Portugal, after losing a nine month battle with lung cancer. He was 67 years old.

## References
Dick Trickle

**Richard "Dick" Trickle** (October 27, 1941 &ndash; May 16, 2013) was an American race car driver. He raced for decades around the short tracks of Wisconsin, winning many championships along the way. Trickle competed in the ASA, ARTGO, ARCA, All Pro, IMCA, NASCAR, and USAC. In more than an estimated 2,200 races, Trickle logged one million laps and is believed to have won over 1,200 feature races.

Trickle was born on October 27, 1941 in Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin. He was never married and had no children. Trickle died on May 16, 2013 after shooting himself with a gun at Forest Lawn Cemetery in Boger City, North Carolina.

## References
Paul Shane

**Paul Shane** (**George Frederick Speight**; 19 June 1940 &ndash; 16 May 2013) was an English comedian and actor, best known for his television work such as playing the part of Ted Bovis in *Hi-de-Hi!*, a sitcom broadcast on the BBC in the mid 1980s.

Shane was born on 19 June 1940 in Thrybergh, West Riding of Yorkshire, England. He was married to Dory Shane until her death in 2001. They had three children. Shane died on 16 May 2013 in Chaingla, New York City, USA from an illness, aged 72.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website 
*
P. J. Carlesimo

**Peter John "P. J." Carlesimo** (born May 30, 1949) is an American basketball coach. Most recently he was the interim head coach of the NBA's Brooklyn Nets.

Carlesimo was born on May 30, 1949 in Scranton, Pennsylvania. He is the son of college basketball coach and athletic director Peter A. Carlesimo. Carlesimo studied at Fordham University. He is married and has two sons.

## References
Thaler

showing Emperor Leopold I.]]
The **Thaler** (or **Taler** or **Talir**) was a silver coin that was used throughout Europe for almost four hundred years. It was named after the "Joachimsthaler", a type of coin from the city of Joachimsthal (Jáchymov) in Bohemia. It is where the names "dollar" and "tolar" come from. The Thaler was first made in 1518. In Habsburg Spain and the Spanish Empire it was called "Peso".
Ann Sheridan

**Ann Sheridan** (**Clara Lou Sheridan**; February 21, 1915 &ndash; January 21, 1967) was an American actress. She worked regularly from 1934 to her death in 1967, first in movie and later in television. Notable roles include *Angels With Dirty Faces* (1938), *The Man Who Came to Dinner* (1942), *Kings Row* (1942) and *I Was a Male War Bride* (1949).

Sheridan was born **Clara Lou Sheridan** on February 21, 1915 in Denton, Texas. She studied at the University of North Texas. 

Sheridan was married to Edward Norris from 1936 until they divorced in 1939. Then she was married to George Brent from 1942 until they divorced in 1943. Then she was married to Scott McKay from 1966 until her death in 1967.

Sheridan died on January 21, 1967 in Los Angeles, California from esophageal cancer and liver cancer, aged 51. She is buried at the Hollywood Forever Cemetery. 

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* Interview with Ann Sheridan biographer
* Photographs and literature
The Good Dinosaur

***The Good Dinosaurio*** is a 2015 American 3D computer-animated comedy-drama adventure movie produced by Pixar Animation Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Pictures. It was the studio's sixteenth movie. It was released November 25, 2015. The movie was directed by Peter Sohn.

## Cast 
* Raymond Ochoa as Arlo, the youngest of the *Apatosaurus* family
* Jack Bright as Spot, a 6-7-year-old caveman 
* Jeffrey Wright as Poppa Henry, father of the *Apatosaurus* family
* Frances McDormand as Momma Ida, mother of the *Apatosaurus* family
* Marcus Scribner as Buck, Arlo's brother
* Steve Zahn as Thunderclap, a *Germanodactylus*
* Sam Elliott as Butch, a *Tyrannosaurus*
* A. J. Buckley as Nash, a *Tyrannosaurus* and Butch's son
* Anna Paquin as Ramsey, a *Tyrannosaurus* and Butch's daughter
* John Ratzenberger as Earl, a *Velociraptor* who is a member of Bubbha's pack
#

## References
Fay Wray

**Fay Wray** (born **Vina Fay Wray**; September 15, 1907 – August 8, 2004) was a Canadian-American actress. She is best known for playing Ann Darrow in *King Kong*. Her acting career spanned 57 years, Wray received international renown as an actress in horror movie roles.

In 1989, Wray received the Women in Film Crystal Award. Wray received a "Legend in Film" award at the 2003 Palm Beach International Film Festival. For her contribution to the movie industry, Wray received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6349 Hollywood Blvd. She received a star posthumously on Canada's Walk of Fame in Toronto on June 5, 2005. 

A small park near Lee's Creek on Main Street in Cardston, Alberta, her birthplace, was named "Fay Wray Park". The small sign at the edge of the park on Main Street has a silhouette of King Kong on it, remembering her role in the film *King Kong*. A large oil portrait of Wray by Alberta artist Neil Boyle is on display in the Empress Theatre in Fort Macleod, Alberta. In May 2006, Wray became one of the first four entertainers to ever be honored by Canada Post by being featured on a postage stamp.

Two days after her death, the lights of the Empire State Building were extinguished for 15 minutes in her memory.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* 
* Northern Stars 
* CBC.ca News: Fay Wray dies at 96
* Literature on Fay Wray
Jon Hamm

**Jonathan Daniel "Jon" Hamm** (born March 10, 1971) is an American actor and director. He is known for his role as Don Draper in *Mad Men*.

Hamm was born on March 10, 1971 in St. Louis, Missouri. He studied at the University of Missouri. Hamm was partners with Jennifer Westfeldt from 1997 until 2015. Hamm is a Democrat. In 2023, he married actress Anna Osceola.

## References
## Other websites
*
* Jon Hamm at Emmys.com
Bar-tailed godwit

. Note the barring on the tail]]

The **bar-tailed godwit** (*Limosa lapponica*)  is a water bird. It is a large wader in the family Scolopacidae. It breeds on Arctic coasts and tundra mainly in the Old World, and winters on coasts in temperate and tropical regions of the Old World.

Its migration is the longest known non-stop flight of any bird and also the longest journey without pausing to feed by any animal.

In 2007 birds in New Zealand were tagged and tracked by satellite to the Yellow Sea in China. According to Clive Minton (Australasian Wader Studies Group) "The distance between these two places is , but the actual track flown by the bird was ". The flight took about nine days.This is the longest known non-stop flight of any bird. At least three other bar-tailed godwits reached the Yellow Sea after non-stop flights from New Zealand.

## References
Kelly Gallagher

**Kelly Gallagher** (born 24 April 1987) is a skier from Northern Ireland. She has a disability: she cannot see everything.  She skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships.  She was the second skier to finish in the women's visually impaired slalom race.  She was the third skier to finish in the women's slalom race. Because she cannot see, Charlotte Evans was her guide and told her where to go when going down the mountain.

## References
Charlotte Evans

**Charlotte Evans** is a skier from the United Kingdom. She helps skiers who cannot see by telling them where to go on a mountain.  She skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships with Kelly Gallagher.  They were the second skiers to finish in the women's visually impaired slalom race.  They were the third skiers to finish in the women's slalom race. 

## References
Jakub Krako

**Jakub Krako**  (born July 7, 1990) is a skier from Slovakia.  He has a disability: he cannot see things.  He skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships. He was the second skier to finish in the men's visually impaired Super Combined race and the Giant Slalom race. He was the first skier to finish in the slalom race. Because he cannot see, Dusan Simo was his guide and told him where to when going down the mountain.

## References
Andrea Rothfuss

**Andrea Rothfuss** (born 20 October 1989 in Freudenstadt) is a skier from Germany. She has a disability: she was born without a left hand.  She skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships.  She was the first skier to finish in the standing women's downhill race and the slalom race.  She was the second skier to finish in the Super Combined.  She was the third skier to finish in the Super G race and the Giant Slalom Race.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Bergen (disambiguation)

**Bergen** is a city in Norway.

**Bergen** might also mean:

*Mons, a town in Belgium that is called *Bergen* in Flemish
*Bergen County, New Jersey
*A type of backpack
A Christmas Carol (2009 movie)

***A Christmas Carol*** is a 2009 American 3D computer-animated fantasy comedy-drama Christmas movie. It was directed and written by Robert Zemeckis. It stars Jim Carrey, Gary Oldman, Colin Firth, Bob Hoskins, Robin Wright and Cary Elwes. The movie was released on November 6, 2009. It was based on the Charles Dickens book *A Christmas Carol*. Roger Ebert gave it 4/4 stars.

## References
Merian C. Cooper

**Merian Caldwell Cooper** (October 24, 1893 &ndash; April 21, 1973) was an American aviator, United States Air Force and Polish Air Force officer, adventurer, screenwriter, actor, movie director and producer. His most famous movie was the 1933 movie *King Kong*.

Cooper was born on October 24, 1893 in Jacksonville, Florida. He was of English descent. Cooper studied at the Lawrenceville School. He was married to Dorothy Jordan from 1933 until his death in 1973. They had one son, Maciej Słomczyński. Cooper died on April 21, 1973 in San Diego, California from cancer, aged 79.

## Early life
Merian Caldwell Cooper was born in Jacksonville, Florida. His father, John C. Cooper, was a lawyer. His mother was Mary Caldwell. He was the youngest of three children. When he was six, Cooper heard stories from the book *Explorations and Adventures in Equatorial Africa*. After that, he thought he would like to see the world. He went to The Lawrenceville School in New Jersey and finished in 1911.

After finishing school, Cooper was accepted to the U.S. Naval Academy, In 1916, Cooper worked reporting the news. He worked for the *Minneapolis Daily News*, where he met Delos Lovelace. Cooper also worked at the *Des Moines Register-Leader* and the *St. Louis Post-Dispatch.* He finished military service in March 1917 to work for the *El Paso Herald*. When he went back to the Georgia National Guard, he was chosen to be a lieutenant, but he said no to the offer. He then went to the Military Aeronautics School in Atlanta to learn how to fly planes. He finished school with high marks. His plane was hit on September 26, 1918. Cooper lived but had many injuries. When German soldiers found him, they took him to a prisoner hospital

## Personal life
Cooper was the father of Maciej Słomczyński.

Cooper started Advanced Projects in his later life. He served as the head of the board. He wanted to explore new technologies like 3-D color television productions. in San Diego, California. His ashes were scattered at sea with full military honors.

## References 
## Other websites
*
*Family Tree
*Cooper's polish-soviet war 
*
Marie Bochet

**Marie Bochet** (born February 9, 1994 in Chambéry) is a skier from France.  She was 5 when she started skiing.  She has a disability.  She was the first skier to finish in the Giant Slalom race.  She skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships.  She was the second skier to finish in the standing women's downhill race and the  Super G.

Bocket skiied in the 2014 Winter Paralympics in Sochi, Russia, where she won four gold medals.

## References
Puss in Boots (2011 movie)

***Puss In Boots*** is a 2011 animated comedy adventure movie. It is a spin-off of the *Shrek* franchise. It follows the character Puss in Boots, who first appeared in *Shrek 2*. It is about his adventures before the events of *Shrek 2*.

The movie was directed by Chris Miller, produced by Guillermo del Toro, and written by Brian Lynch. It stars Antonio Banderas as Puss in Boots, Zach Galifianakis as Humpty Dumpty, Salma Hayek as Kitty Softpaws, and Billy Bob Thornton and Amy Sedaris as Jack and Jill. Like the *Shrek* movies, this movie is a parody of fairy tales.

## Home media release 
*Puss in Boots* was released on DVD, Blu-ray and Blu-ray 3D on February 24, 2012. The movie has a short animation called *Puss in Boots: The Three Diablos*. 7.2 million home entertainment units have been sold worldwide.

Another featured extra short is "Klepto Kitty"; a three-minute profile of Dusty the Klepto Kitty, a notorious cat in California who steals items from neighbors' yards. Some of it was filmed on a night vision kitty-cam, hung around Dusty's neck by the Animal Planet network for their own documentary.

## Sequel
A sequel titled *Puss in Boots: The Last Wish* was released on December 21, 2022.

## References 
## Other websites
*Official website 
**Puss in Boots* at the Internet Movie Database
Our Lady of La Salette

**Our Lady of La Salette** is a title given to the Virgin Mary who is believed to have appeared at the village of La Salette, France. The Marian apparition was reported by two children, Maximin Giraud, and Melanie Calvat. In French she is called ''''.

## History 
On 19 September 1846, Maximin Giraud and Melanie Calvat reported seeing the Virgin Mary weeping on Mount Sous-les Baisses. According to their account, the Virgin Mary continued to weep as she spoke to them, first in French, then in their own dialect. After the woman spoke to them, she vanished. The following day the children's account of the apparition was put into writing and signed by the children and those who had heard the story. 

## Recognition 
When Maximin and Melanie made the woman's message public, it caused a sensation in the community. Soon thereafter, the bishop of Grenoble began to investigate the apparition. During the investigation, several accusations were made against the children. One of the accusations was that the apparition was just a young woman named Lamerliere.

## References
Petra Smarzova

**Petra Smaržová** (born 4 June 1990) is a skier from Slovakia.  She has a disability.  She skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships.  She was the second skier to finish in the standing women's slalom race and giant slalom race.

Samarzova also took part in the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi where she again competed in the Giant Slalom. She is coached by Peter Matiasko and Branislav Mazgut.

## References
Alana Nichols

**Alana Nichols** (born March 21, 1983)  is a skier and wheelchair basketball athlete from the United States.  She has a disability.  She skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships.  She was the first skier to finish in the sitting women's downhill race and the Super G race.  She was the third skier to finish the Slalom and Giant Slalom.

## References
Division of Blaxland

The **Division of Blaxland** is an Australian Electoral Division in New South Wales. It covers the western suburbs of Sydney, including Bass Hill, Birrong, Carramar, Chester Hill, Condell Park, Fairfield East,  Georges Hall, Guildford West,  Old Guildford, Lansdowne, Potts Hill, Regents Park, Sefton, Villawood, Woodpark, Yagoona and Yennora and parts of Auburn, Bankstown, Berala, Fairfield, Granville, Guildford, Merrylands, Smithfield and South Granville. 

The division was created in 1949 and is named after Gregory Blaxland. He was a farmer and an early Australian explorer of the Blue Mountains in New South Wales.

## Members
It has been held by the Australian Labor Party since it was set up. Western Sydney has supported Labor for over a century. Its most notable member has been Paul Keating, who was Prime Minister of Australia 1991–96. In 2007, Keating's successor, Michael Hatton, lost preselection for this seat to Jason Clare. Clare had worked for former New South Wales Premier Bob Carr. Clare became Cabinet Secretary, Minister for Justice, and Minister for Home Affairs.

## Election results
## References
## Other websites
* Australian Electoral Commission
* Jason Clare's website
Division of Bennelong

The **Division of Bennelong** is an Australian electorate in New South Wales. The division was set up in 1949. It is named for Bennelong, an Indigenous Australian man who became a friend of the first Governor of New South Wales, Arthur Phillip. Bennelong includes the suburbs of Eastwood, Carlingford, Epping and Ryde.

## Electoral history
When the Division of Bennelong was created in 1949, it covered mainly the suburbs of Ryde, Hunters Hill and Lane Cove. These were (and still are) richer areas, and Bennelong was a "safe" Liberal seat.

Over the years Bennelong has changed into a marginal seat for two reasons. Firstly, the electoral boundary of Bennelong has been changed many times, where it has moved west into Labor voting areas.  Rich suburbs like Lane Cove and Hunters Hill in the east are no longer included. The division now includes Eastwood, Epping, Carlingford and working class Ermington in the north and west. Secondly, the type of people living in the division has changed. Since the early 1990s, there has been an increase in migrants from China, Hong Kong, South Korea and India. These are wealthy and conservative people who would support the Liberal Party, but they have not like the Liberal policies on immigration and multiculturalism.

 polling booth within Bennelong.]] In the Australian federal 2007 election, the Member for Bennelong, and Prime Minister John Howard, lost the seat to Labor candidate Maxine McKew, after holding it for 33 years. This was only the second time in Australian history that a Prime Minister had lost his own seat in Parliament. The first was Stanley Bruce in 1929. 

## Members
Bennelong was held by the John Howard, the second longest serving Prime Minister of Australia. In 2010 the seat was won by former tennis star, John Alexander.

## Election results
## References
## Other websites
* Division of Bennelong – Australian Electoral Commission
* John Alexander's website
Kartikeya

Kartikeya (கார்த்திகேயர்), also known as **Murugan** in Tamil, is the god of war and victory. Kartikeya is the major god popularly worshipped in India, Sri Lanka, Mauritius, Singapore, Malaysia and many other places of the world, where many Tamils widespreadly live. Kartikeya has six shrines in Tamil Nadu, which are known as Arupadai Veedu. In Tamil Nadu, Kartikeya has continued to be popular with all classes of the Tamil society since the Sangam age.

Kandhan is the son of Shiva and Parvati, who was born to kill all the Asuras and Asuris and to be the protector of the Devas and Devis and other living beings. The Asuras and Asuris, who were demons and demonesses who frequently warred against the Devas and Devis, who were gods and goddesses. The six sites (Arupadai Veedu) in Tamil Nadu where Kartikeya sojourned while leading his armies of Devasena and Devis and killed all the Asuras and Asuris who are evil in this world are Palani, Svamimalai, Thiruparamkundram, Pazhamudirsolai, Thiruthani, Thiruchendur, are the complete six Arupadai Veedu temples of Kartikeya.

Kartikeya is the god of the Tamil language and he is mentioned a lot in Sangam literature. The six abodes of Kartikeya are all in Tamil Nadu. Each of these temples has a unique history and a different reason to worship Kartikeya. 

Thai Pusam during January – February months and it is celebrated as a 6-day festival. On Thai Pusam day, Kavadis and Palkudams are taken by devotees in procession around Thiruparankundram. Special Abhishekas are performed to the Mulavar statue of Kartikeya and Utsavar statue of Kartikeya. Annadhanam is provided to all devotees participating in the functions. In the night, Kartikeya is taken in procession accompanied by Nadasvaram, Veda Parayanam around Thiruparankundram.

Vaikasi Vishakam day, (during May – June month), Kavadis and Palkudams are taken by devotees in procession around Palani.

Surasamharam is celebrated during October – November month is celebrated as a 6-day festival. The devotees of Kartikeya will fast for 6 days. On the evening of the 6th day, Surasamharam (The destruction of Suran) will be held at every Kartikeya temple around the world. The Surasamharam festival (The destruction of Suran) at Thiruchendur is very special as that mythological incident occurred there only.

## References
## External Link 
1.**Lord Murugan HD Wallpapers & Images**
Claudia Lösch

**Claudia Lösch** (born 19 October 1988) is a skier athlete from Austria. She has a disability.  She skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships. She was the third skier to finish in the sitting women's downhill race and the Super G race.  She was the second skier to finish the Super Combined race, Slalom race and Giant Slalom race.

## References
Beltrand de Five Pranger

**Bertrand de Five Pranger** (born May 28, 1950 in Barcelona) is a swimmer from Spain.  He had a disability.  He raced at the 1972 Summer Paralympics. He came in second in two different swimming races. He raced at the 1976 Summer Paralympics. He came in first in one swimming race and second in a different swimming race. 

## References
2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships

**2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships** was a ski race. Skiers raced in Sestriere, Italy.  They started racing on January 14, 2011. They stopped racing on January 23, 2011. There were Downhill, Giant Slalom, Slalom, Super-G, Super Combined and Team races. 

## References
Eloy Guerrero Asensio

**Eloy Guerrero Asensio** (born March 26, 1962 in Barcelona) is a track and field athlete from Spain.  He has a disability and is a T42 type athlete.  He raced at the 1976 Summer Paralympics. He came in second in one race. 

## References
María Teresa Herreras López

**Maria Teresa Herreras Lopez** (born March 16, 1962 in Valladolid) is a swimmer from Spain.  She has a disability and is an S3 type swimmer. She raced at the 1976 Summer Paralympics. She came in second in two different swimming races and third in two swimming races.

## References
Francisco Benitez

**Francisco Benitez** (born March 26, 1962 in Madrid) is a swimmer from Spain.  He had a disability and is an S6 type swimmer.  He raced at the 1972 Summer Paralympics. He came in second in two different swimming races. 

## References
Antonio Delgado Palomo

**Antonio Delgado Palomo** (September 20, 1957 &ndash; April 1, 2021) was a track and field athlete from Spain.  He had a disability.  He raced at the 1976 Summer Paralympics. He came in first in 100 metre race and first in the long jump. Delgado Palomo died in Sevilla, Spain.

Delgado Palomo died on April 1, 2021 in Sevilla from throat cancer, aged 63.

## References
Miguel Ángel Pérez Tello

**Miguel Ángel Perez Tello** (born October 2, 1957 in Granada) is a skier and bicyclist from Spain. He has a disability: he cannot use part of one leg.  He is a type LC3 bicycle athlete.  He raced at the 1988 Winter Paralympics in para-Nordic skiing. He was the second skier in the 10&nbsp;km race and the second skier in the 2.5&nbsp;km race. He raced at the 1992 Winter Paralympics in para-Nordic skiing.  He was the second skier in the 2.5&nbsp;km race.  He raced at the 1996 Summer Paralympics on a bicycle.  He was the fastest to go Omnium Track race.

## References
Susana Herrera

**Susana Herrera Jordán** (March 26, 1962 - November 2, 2019) was a ski athlete from Spain.  She was born in Madrid, and lost her sight at the age of 23. She ws a type B1 ski athlete.  She raced at the 1988 Winter Paralympics, where she finished first in the downhill race and third in the giant slalom race. 

## References
Miguel Carol

**Miguel Carol** (born June 26, 1962 in Madrid) is a swimmer from Spain.  He has a disability and is an S3 type swimmer.  He raced at the 1968 Summer Paralympics. He came in first in one swimming race and second in a different swimming race. 

## References
Anna Schaffelhuber

**Anna Schaffelhuber** (born January,26 1993 in Regensburg) is a skier athlete from Germany. She has a disability.  She skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships. She was the first skier to finish in the sitting women's Super Combined race, Slalom race and Giant Slalom race.

## Early life 
Schaffelhuber was born in Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany. She was born with an incomplete spinal cord, which caused paraplegia, so she uses a wheelchair. She started monoskiing when she was five years old, and when she was fourteen, she got a scholarship to join a national junior skiing program.

## Career
Schaffelhuber competes in para-alpine skiing in the LW10 classification. She uses a sitting mono-ski and outriggers. She also finished fourth in the super combined and slalom events and seventh in the giant slalom.

She competed in her second Paralympics at the 2014 Winter Games in Sochi, Russia. There, she won her first Paralympic gold medal in the sitting downhill race with a time of 1 minute 35.55 seconds. She then won a second gold medal in the super-G race, finishing first with a time of 1 minute 29.11 seconds.

In the slalom race, Schaffelhuber was first disqualified because her outriggers weren't in the right position at the start of her first run. Her teammate Anna-Lena Forster was initially announced as the gold medal winner. However, after an appeal, Schaffelhuber was given back her gold medal, and Forster took silver.

Schaffelhuber then won a fourth gold medal in the combined race, with Forster winning silver again. She finished her Paralympics with a fifth gold medal by winning the giant slalom in a total time of 2 minutes 51.26 seconds. She became the second athlete to win all the alpine skiing events after Lauren Woolstencroft did it in 2010. 

For her incredible performance at the Games, Schaffelhuber was awarded Best Female at the Paralympic Sports Awards.

## Awards 
In November 2010, Schaffelhuber was voted Athlete of the Month by the International Paralympic Committee, winning 45% of the public vote. In November 2011, she was named Germany's Disabled Athlete of the Year. In 2013, she was also chosen as the Female Disabled Athlete of the Year by the German National Paralympic Committee.

## References
Roberto Abenia

**Roberto Abenia Uliaque** (born November 8, 1972 in Zaragoza) is a goalball athlete from Spain.  He has a vision problem.   He played goalball at the 1996 Summer Paralympics. His team was third.  He played goalball at the 2000 Summer Paralympics. His team was third.  He played goalball at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. His team was six. 

## References
Goalball

(left) and Sweden (right) playing goalball at the 2012 Summer Paralympics]]

|left|thumb]]
**Goalball** is a sport for people who are blind, meaning they cannot see. It is played by men and women. Each team has six people on it. Three people play on each team at one time. 

## History 
Goalball was invented in 1946 by Hanz Lorenzen and Sepp Reindle. They invented it to help veterans who became blind because of World War II.

Goalball was first played as part of the Paralympic Games during the 1976 Summer Paralympics. At first, only men played goalball in the Paralympics. Women first played goalball in the Paralympics at the 1984 Summer Paralympics.

## People who cannot see who can play goalball

File:B1 class.png| B1 goalball player who cannot see
File:B2 class.png| B2 goalball player who cannot see well
File:B3 class.png| B3 goalball player who cannot see well

## References
Granada (disambiguation)

**Granada** is a city in Spain.

**Granada** might also mean:

## Things related to the city
*Granada C.F., a football club
*Battle of Granada, a battle

## Other
*Granada Province, a province in Andalusia, Spain
*Granada television, a former television company
*Ford Granada, an automobile
*Emirate of Granada, a former country in Europe
Magda Amo Rius

**Magda Amo Rius** (born July 23, 1973 in Barcelona) is a track and field athlete and a ski athlete from Spain.  She has a disability: she cannot see.  She is a B2 type skier.  She ski raced at the 1992 Winter Paralympics. She came in third in the giant slalom race. She ski raced at the 1994 Winter Paralympics. She came in second in the downhill race.  She jumped at the 1996 Summer Paralympics. She jumped the most long in the long jump. She ski raced at the 1998 Winter Paralympics.  She finished first in the Giant, Super Giant, Slalom and Downhill races. 

## References
Concepcion Hernandez Diaz

**Concepcion Hernandez Diaz** (born October 13, 1972 in Murcia) is a goalball player from Spain.  She is blind and is a B2 type goalball player. She played goalball at the 1996 Summer Paralympics. Her team was third. She played goalball at the 2000 Summer Paralympics.  Her team was second. 

## References
Swag (album)

***Swag*** is the fourth solo album by former Guns N' Roses guitarist Gilby Clarke, released in 2002.

## Track List
#Alien
#Under the Gun
#Crocodile Tears
#Broken Down Car
#Margarita
#I'm Nobody
#Judgement Day
#Beware of the Dog
#Heart of Chrome
#Warm Country Sun
#Diamond Dogs

## References
*http://www.discogs.com/Gilby-Clarke-Swag/release/1826915
*
Wader

]]
, *Calidris pusilla*]]

**Wader** is a common term in ornithology for birds which walk about in  water. Sometimes they are called shore-birds. They are members of the order Charadriiformes, which are water birds. The Charadriiformes also includes marine-going seabirds with webbed feet. The evolutionary relationships of these birds are very complicated.

Most waders live in wetland or coastal environments.  Many species of Arctic and temperate regions are strongly migratory, but tropical birds are often resident. Some of the Arctic species, such as little stint, are amongst the longest distance migrants, spending the non-breeding season in the southern hemisphere.

Most species eat small invertebrates picked out of mud or exposed soil. Different lengths of bills allow different species to feed in the same habitat without direct competition for food. Many waders have sensitive nerve endings at the end of their bills which let them detect prey hidden in mud or soft soil. Some larger species, especially those adapted to drier habitats, take larger prey like insects and small reptiles.

Many of the smaller species found in coastal habitats are often called "sandpipers". The smallest member of this group is the least sandpiper, small adults of which can weigh as little as 15.5 grams and measure just over 13&nbsp;cm (5&nbsp;inches). The largest species is believed to be the Far Eastern curlew, at about 63&nbsp;cm (25&nbsp;inches) and 860 grams (1.9&nbsp;lb), although the beach thick-knee, is the heaviest at about 1&nbsp;kg (2.2&nbsp;lb).

## References