open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Federal Administrative Court (Germany)

The **Bundesverwaltungsgericht** or **Federal Administrative Court** is one of the five federal supreme courts of Germany. It is the federal court of appeals for generally all cases of administrative law.  These cases are mainly arguments between people and the government, but sometimes are disputes between two different parts of government.

The Federal Administrative Court was set up on 8 June 1953.  It was based in Berlin, but in 2002 moved to the city of Leipzig in Saxony.

It hears appeals from the *Oberverwaltungsgerichte*, or Superior Administrative Courts, which, in turn, are the courts of appeals for decisions of the *Verwaltungsgerichte* (Administrative Courts).

Although cases about social security law and tax law are arguments between a person and the government, there are special courts for these matters. The Bundessozialgericht is federal court of appeals for social security law, cases about tax and customs law are decided by the *Finanzgerichte* (Finance Courts), and lastly by the Bundesfinanzhof.

The *Bundesverwaltungsgericht* has its headquarters at the former *Reichsgericht* (Reich Court of Justice) building in Leipzig.

## References 
## Other websites
* Official homepage
Schwelm

**Schwelm** is a town in the district of Ennepe-Ruhr Rural District the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.

## Geography
Schwelm is in the southeast of the "*Ruhrgebiet*", the Ruhr Area of Germany, between Westphalia and the "*Bergisches Land*". Schwelm is commonly known as the "*Pforte Westfalens*" ("Gate to Westphalia").

## History
The history of Schwelm goes back to the ninth century, where it is first mentioned as "Suelmiu". The city of Schwelm was officially established in 1496 and became seat of the Ennepe-Ruhr district in 1929. According to its area, Schwelm is the smallest town in North Rhine-Westphalia.

## Points of interest
Schwelm is home to the "*Brauerei Schwelm*", the Schwelm Brewery, one of the few remaining private breweries in Germany. It was started in 1830 by Haarmann & Kathagen, the brewery was one of the first worldwide to switch from wooden to metal barrels. The original office building of the brewery, the "Rietz'sche Haus" built in 1701, is still in use today.

The oldest piano manufacturer in the world is in Schwelm. Since 1794, "*Rud. Ibach Sohn*" has been building pianos and, until 1904, organs in Schwelm.

## Notable citizens
* Friedrich Christoph Müller (1751 in Allendorf (Lumba) - 1808): theologian and map maker (in Schwelm between 1785 and 1808)
* Gustav Heinemann (July 23, 1899 - July 7, 1976): third president of the Federal Republic of Germany (from 1969 to 1974)
* Johannes Joachim Degenhardt (January 31, 1926 - July 25, 2002): Cardinal and Archbishop of Paderborn
* Franz Josef Degenhardt (March 12, 1931): political singer/songwriter
* Friedrich Niewöhner (September 7, 1941 - November 1, 2005): philosophy historian
* Martin Grötschel (October 9, 1948): mathematician and laureate of the Leibniz price
* Rolf Rüssmann (October 13, 1950): footballer and football manager
* Judith Kuckart (June 17, 1959): tripper, choreographer, stage director and author
* Thorsten Schmidt (February 18, 1972): racing cyclist and participant of the Tour de France
* Olivia Luczak (November 24, 1981): Polish-German amateur boxer

## References
## Other websites
* www.schwelm.de 
* Ibach Pianos  
* Schwelmer Brauerei
Santa María de Iquique School Massacre

The **Santa María de Iquique school Massacre** was on December 21, 1907.  At that time Chile's government was led by Pedro Montt.  Hundreds of workers died in the front of the school *Santa María de Iquique*. 

The workers had been walking from saltpetre mines of Tarapacá, striking to get better life conditions. 

The strikers first went to San Lorenzo, and then to Iquique.  They arrived in Iquique on December 16.  They stayed peacefully in the school.  Military forces arrived, and without provocation General Silva Renard give the order to shoot the people there in front of school. Hundreds of people were killed.
Grid

**Grid** may mean:

Meaning an array of squares or rectangles:

* Grid plan, a city plan in which streets run at right angles to form a grid
* Grid reference, a standard method for the location of a point on a map.
* Grid view or datagrid, a graphical user interface element that presents a tabular view of data
* Grid graph, in graph theory
* **Grid** in typography and page layout: planning a page using a grid of different-sized and -shaped rectangles on computer software
* Grid (spatial index), a method for organizing information, e.g. in a database

In **science, mathematics and technology**:

* Electrical grid:
** Electric power transmission, a long-distance high-voltage network for power transmission
** Off-the-grid, living without public utility
* Grid computing, computing model that provides the ability to perform higher throughput computing
* Mesh (mathematics) or a regular grid or unstructured grid .

**Places**:

* Grid, a village in Pârâu Commune, Braşov County, Romania
* Grid, a village in the town of Călan, Hunedoara County, Romania

In **popular culture**:

* The Grid, a late eighties/early nineties electronic dance group
* The Grid (arcade game), an arcade game released in 2001.
* The Grid (TV series), a television series produced in 2004
* Grid (album), the eighth original album by the Japanese band M.O.V.E

**Other**:

* Grid (computer manufacturer), a laptop manufacturer in the 1980s
* Grid (Jotun), a giantess in Norse mythology
*Grid (metaphysics) That which binds all of the metaverses and their contents together

**GRID** may stand for:

* BioGRID, a database of biological interactions hosted at Mount Sinai Hospital in Toronto, Canada
* Gay related immune deficiency (GRID), a name for AIDS until 1982
* Global Release Identifier (GRid)
* Group for Rural India Development (GRID)
* GRID, the short-hand name for an ESRI GRID file
Wookieepedia

**Wookieepedia** (the *Star Wars* Wiki) is an online encyclopedia for information on the *Star Wars* fictional universe – including information of all eleven films, as well as Expanded Universe. It is written from an in-universe perspective. The name Wookieepedia is a mix of Wookiee and encyclopaedia, based on the name of Wikipedia. Wookieepedia is hosted by Fandom. Some articles have 60,000 words.

## References 
## Other websites
*
*
Blacks and Whites' Carnival

'''Blacks and Whites' Carnival'* (*Spanish: Carnaval de Negros y Blancos*) is a carnival in the Colombian city of Pasto, and was proclaimed by UNESCO as one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity. The carnival happens each year, from January 2 to January 7. Many tourists visit it.

## Stages 
It has two stages: **pre-carnival** with *Fool's Day* and *New Year's Eve Puppets* (parade and burning); and the **carnival** itself with four celebration days: *Colonies Day*, *Carnavalito'' (Children's Carnival), the *Arrival of the Castañeda Family*, ''Blacks' Day* and *Whites' Day* with the *Grand Parade'' (this being the most important day for its beauty).

**Colonies Day** was added as an official day into the traditional Carnival programing, with several new acts: Tribute to the Virgin of Mercy, Colonies Parade, and Rock Day. 

**Carnavalito** (Children's Carnival) began in 1966, as a copy of the adults' carnival, originally with little floats, accompanied by child musicians and dancing girls.

The **Arrival of the Castañeda Family** began in 1929 as a salute to the settlers in the east of the country.

'''Blacks' Day'* originally commemorated the day in which the African slaves had a free day, after the 1607 slave rebellion in the Colombian town of *Remedios*. It is said that when news reached Popayan, the African population there went to the streets and danced, and blackened all the white walls of that city with coal. In Pasto the celebration has probably taken place since 1857, when white people began to paint their faces black.

*'Whites' Day** (and the modern carnival) began in 1912 as a new way to celebrate the Epiphany. The people began to paint their faces white with cosmetics and powder. In 1926 the **Great Parade** began, full of colorful and giant floats, and people began playing with streamers and confetti.

**Carnival Remate''' (Finish) happens by celebrating "Cuy's day", when locals and tourists delight in the typical dish of the region.

Today the carnival is very important for tourism. People use costumes and masks, and still play with black cosmetics and white powder.

## Related pages
* Carnival

## References
## Other websites
* *"Corpocarnaval" – Corporación oficial del carnaval de Negros y Blancos* (in Spanish).
* *Periódico de la UN: El carnaval de Pasto: oxígeno de una identidad* (in Spanish) .
* *Colombia turismo, Carnaval de Negros y Blancos* (in Spanish).
* *Inscribed in 2009 on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity*.
Chianti

**Chianti** is a kind of red wine. It is produced in Tuscany in the famous area of "Chianti" inside the provinces of Arezzo, Florence, Pisa, Pistoia, Prato and Sienna.

There are many types of Chianti:
* **Chianti** is a really famous red wine. It is put into a "fiasco", a traditional Italian straw-covered wine bottle.
* **Chianti Classico** a kind of Chianti. It is proteced by the Italian laws and can only be made in the provinces of Florence and Siena.
* **Chianti Colli Aretini** a kind of Chianti made only in the Arezzo area.
* **Chianti Colli Fiorentini ** a kind of Chianti made only in the Florence area.
* **Chianti Colline Pisane** a kind of Chianti made only in the Pisa area.
* **Chianti Colli Senesi** a kind of Chianti made only in the Siena area.
* **Chianti Montalbano**a kind of Chianti made only in the areas of Prato, Florence and Pistoia.
* **Chianti Montespertoli** another kind of Chianti made near Florence
* **Chianti Rùfina** a kind of Chianti, first made in the area of "Rufina", near Florence
* **Chianti Superiore** a special Chianti, made in Arezzo, Florence, Pisa, Pistoia and Siena. This Chianti is costs more than others kinds of Chianti.
* **Vin Santo del Chianti** a kind of sweet wine. It is made in the areas of Arezzo, Florence, Pisa, Pistoia, Prato and Siena
* **Vin Santo del Chianti Classico** a kind of sweet wine made only in the areas of Florence and Siena
Middle Kingdom of Egypt

The **Middle Kingdom** is the period in the history of ancient Egypt stretching from the establishment of the Eleventh Dynasty to the end of the Fourteenth Dynasty, roughly between 2030 BC and 1640 BC.

The period had two phases, the 11th Dynasty, which ruled from Thebes and the 12th and the following dynasties which revolved around el-Lisht. These two dynasties were originally considered to be the full extent of this unified kingdom, but historians now  consider the 13th Dynasty to at least partially belong to the Middle Kingdom.

## Notes & references 
### References 
### Further reading 
* W. Grajetzki, The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt: History,Archaeology and Society, Duckworth, London 2006
Thebes, Egypt

**Thebes** (, *Thēbai*) was a city in Ancient Egypt about 800&nbsp;km south of the Mediterranean Sea, on the east bank of the river Nile (). It was the capital of *Waset,* the fourth Upper Egyptian nome.

## Sources 
* Gauthier, Henri. 1925–1931. *Dictionnaire des noms géographiques contenus dans les textes hiéroglyphiques*. Vol. 3 of 7 vols. Cairo: Imprimerie de l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale du Caire. (Reprinted Osnabrück: Otto Zeller Verlag, 1975). 75, 76.
* Polz, Daniel C. 2001. "Thebes". In *The Oxford Encyclopedia of ancient Egypt*, edited by Donald Bruce Redford. Vol. 3 of  3 vols. Oxford, New York, and Cairo: Oxford University Press and The American University in Cairo Press. 384–388.
* Redford, Donald Bruce. 1992. "Thebes". In *The Anchor Bible Dictionary*, edited by David Noel Freedman. Vol. 6 of 6 vols. New York: Doubleday. 442–443.  (6-volume set)
* Strudwick, Nigel C., & Strudwick, Helen, *Thebes in Egypt: A Guide to the Tombs and Temples of Ancient Luxor*. London: British Museum Press, 1999,  (hardcover)/ (paperback)

## Other websites 
* Theban Mapping Project
* Ancient Thebes Digital Media Archive (photos, laser scans, panoramas)
Math rock

**Math rock** is a guitar-based style of indie rock which has complex rhythms. This genre started in the late 1980s. A closely-related genre is post-rock. Some of the same bands might be called both. Post-rock is usually characterized by a stronger jazz influence.

## References
Musicology

**Musicology** means the study of music by a scholar. A scholar is an academic person, often a professor or lecturer at a university.  Someone who studies musicology is a **Musicologist**.

Musicologists study all kinds of music. They study the history of music and learn about all the composers and how they developed their ideas and learned from one another. They can do this by studying music scores, or by looking for historical documents which tell us about musicians from the past. Musicologists may also study the philosophy of music (thinking about what music means).  

They write articles in musical journals or books on music. This can help us to know and understand more about the music we play or listen to.

## Related pages
*Acoustics
*Music school
*Music theory

## References
Maxïmo Park

**Maxïmo Park** (sometimes spelled **Maximo Park**) are an English indie rock band who formed in 2000.

## History 
Maxïmo Park formed in 2000 (with frontman Paul Smith coming from Billingham in Teesside). To Start off with, the four founding members played only a little amount small shows, with Archis Tiku on vocals, constantly switching the instruments he played. Almost about to split up, but instead they decided to look for somebody else to sing vocals. Singer Paul Smith was discovered by the then-girlfriend of drummer Tom English in a pub while he was singing along to a Stevie Wonder song. Having found someone with a stage presence, they started to write their first songs together, all despite the fact that the frontman never imagined himself as a frontman of a band. Paul Smith had never sung on stage before.

Around March 2004, a friend of the band's paid for 300 copies of a 7" red vinyl single "Graffiti" and later released a vinyl of their tracks ("The Coast Is Always Changing"/"The Night I Lost My Head") that they’d recorded in their house in Fenham. After some time of doing shows around their home town, Steve Beckett of the dance-electronic label Warp Records found one of these records and decided to sign Maxïmo Park to his record label.

## Members 
*Tom English – drums
*Duncan Lloyd – guitar
*Paul Smith – vocals
*Archis Tiku – bass
*Lukas Wooller – keyboard

## Discography 
### Albums 
**A Certain Trigger*

**Missing Songs*

**Our Earthly Pleasures*

## References 
## Other websites 
*Maxïmo Park official website
*Maxïmo Park MySpace
*An acoustic session for Vox podcast 
*Karaoke Plays Review 
*Maximo Park, Newcastle 15th Dec 07 Review 

### Interviews 
*The Scenestar Maxïmo Park Interview July 2007
*Interview by Alexander Laurence (The Portable Infinite 2006)
* Die Klangschau: 15 Songs chosen by Maxïmo Park  and interview 
*Maximo Park video interview with stv/music, June 2007 
*Video interview with Paul from Maximo Park  
***SUPERSWEET interview** 
*Interview by Natalie Shaw for Clash Magazine
2005 German federal election

The **election of the German Federal** Diet *(Bundestag)* **2005** took place on 18 September 2005.

## References
Mudra

In Indian religions, a **mudra** (Sanskrit, literally "seal") is a gesture made with the hand or fingers.  Along with *asanas* (body postures), they are used in yoga.  Each mudra has a meaning. They are a central part of Hindu iconography. Mudras are also used in Buddhism. There are  hand gestures in both Hindu and Buddhist iconography. An example would be the outward-facing open palm known as *Abhay* (without fear) mudra, a gesture meant to dispel fear.

## References
* Originally published 1985, Routledge & Kegan Paul plc, London.

## Other websites
* Mudras Photo Gallery 
* Mudras in Buddhism
Styrene

**Styrene** is a certain organic chemical compound having the chemical formula C8H8. Its chemical structure is made up of a vinyl group bonded onto a benzene ring. This benzene ring makes styrene an aromatic compound. At room temperature and pressure, styrene is a clear, colorless liquid. Other names for styrene can be *styrol*, *vinylbenzene*, *phenylethene*, or *phenylethylene*. 

## Uses 
Styrene is used in polymer chemistry as a monomer.  This means many styrene molecules can bond together to make a larger molecule called polystyrene. Polystyrene is a kind of polymer often used as a plastic. This kind of chemical reaction is called polymerization. 

Styrene can also bond with other kinds of monomers to make other kinds of polymers called *copolymers*. For one example, styrene has been mixed with another monomer called 1,3-butadiene to make a copolymer which is a kind of synthetic rubber. For another example, styrene is mixed with acrylonitrile and 1,3-butadiene to make a copolymer plastic called ABS (**A**crylonitrile-**B**utadiene-**S**tyrene).

## Production 
In industry, styrene is made from ethylbenzene by this chemical reaction: 

This kind of reaction is called dehydrogenation. Hydrogen is also made by this reaction..
Para Para Sakura

***Para Para Sakura*** is a 2001 romance-comedy movie directed by Jingle Ma, starring Aaron Kwok and Cecilia Cheung. It was filmed and produced in Hong Kong. It runs for 107 minutes and is in the language Cantonese.

## Plot Outline
Kwok plays the role of Phillip Wong, a colour-blind dance instructor who holds a class devoted to the latest dance craze, the Japanese Para Para. While in Shanghai, Phillip meets Yee (Cheung), a spoiled rich girl who is running away from her up-coming arranged marriage. Soon, Yee begins using Phillip's dance studio as a sanctuary from her responsibilities, and an attraction begins to form between the two. However, Yee is called back to Japan to be married before long, and Phillip must use more than his dance skills and charisma to prevent her from taking her vows.

## Cast and Credits
*Aaron Kwok --- Kam-Shing "Phillip" Wong
*Cecilia Cheung --- Yuriko "Yee" 
*Ah Niu --- Henry Ko
*Niu Tien --- Yamfeifei, Yuriko's Mother
*Kazuhiko Nishimura	--- Shunichi Kukukawa

## Sources
*
*http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/309054/Para-Para-Sakura/
*http://au.rottentomatoes.com/m/para_para_sakura/about.php
*http://movies.yahoo.com/movie/1807634811/details
JJ Lin

**Wayne Lim Junjie** (born March 27, 1981) is a singer, songwriter, and music composer from Singapore. Lin is commonly known as JJ Lin and his Chinese name is Lin Jun Jie.  In 2004, with his self-composed song Jiang Nan, his career began to take off and his name became quickly known throughout China and Taiwan.  From his debut in 2003 until 2011, Lin was managed by Ocean Butterflies International. In 2011, he signed with Warner Music, and he currently manages his own career through his production company, JFJ Productions, which he founded in 2007.
 
JJ Lin was born in Singapore to Chinese Singaporean parents and like the majority of Chinese Singaporeans, his family is Hokkien. JJ is fluent in English and Mandarin. JJ Lin’s hobbies include drawing, composing songs, singing, and photographing. The idols that he likes include Michael Jackson, Britney Spears, Jacky Cheung (Zhang Xue You), David Tao (Tao Zhe), and others. The food that JJ hates most is tomatoes. In various variety shows, he showed strong fear and dislike whenever tomatoes were put in front of his eyes. The colors that he likes the most are blue, black, white and grey. One of unforgettable experiences in his life was traveling in Japan when he was young. 

In China and Taiwan, JJ Lin was best known for his talent in composing songs instead of his appearance. He composes most of the songs in his albums. From his debut in 2003, he has produced several “hit” albums. For example, his album named No.89757, published in 2005, which mainly talked about the love between a robot and a girl a thousand years from now, sold more than 1,500,000 copies in just three months. His next album, known as Cao Cao, did even better. This album sold around 2,000,000 copies in just two weeks, a miracle in the Chinese Music Industry. Whenever JJ Lin publishes an album, it almost always becomes a hit. JJ’s songs can be heard throughout China and Taiwan in various TV programs, singing competitions, and radio channels. JJ Lin not only writes songs for himself but also for other famous celebrities, notably Ji De (Remember) for Taiwanese pop diva A-Mei and Fang Shou for his fellow label mate A-Do.

JJ Lin’s talent in composing has earned him numerous awards every year. For instance, in 2004, he won the “Best New Artist” award in 15th Taiwan Golden Melody Awards. In the same year, he also won “Best New Act” in Singapore Hit Awards. In 2006 Beijing Music Awards, with his popular album Cao Cao, he swept several big awards including Most Popular Male Artist, Top Twenty Golden Melody, Best Album, Best Producer, and “True Hero” Award.
In 2011, with his latest album She Says, JJ Lin has earned himself Best Mandarin Male Singer Award in 22nd Golden Melody Awards.

## Other websites 
* Official Site 
* SINA 
* SINA Blog
* JJ Federation Overseas (JJFO) 
* JJ Facebook Official Page - JJ Federation
Svecchachara

**Svecchachara** is the Sanskrit equivalent of the Greek word Thelema, interpreted by Aleister Crowley as "Do What Thou Wilt."

In the first volume of the TWILIGHT YOGA, *Ecstasy, Equipoise, and Eternity*, Shri Gurudev Mahendranath wrote,

:Sveccha means one's own wish or free will. **Svecchachara** means a way of life where one acts as one wishes and does what is right in one's own eyes. Doing one's own Will. The concluding Sanskrit expression in the Avadhoota Upanishad is "Svecchachara Paro."

:The term "Paro" means a mysterious or secret pattern to that action done by one's own Will. In other words, we do our Will but with discretion, not making it too obvious, nor to harm or hurt other people. Yet this is also a typical Nathism; a complete reversal of Vedic morals and philosophy.

## References
*Free Encyclopedia of Thelema . Svecchachara . Retrieved March 5, 2005.
*Mahendranath, Shri Gurudev. Ecstasy, Equipoise, and Eternity . Retrieved Oct. 15, 2004.
Ole Nydahl

**Ole Nydahl** (born 19 March 1941 in Copenhagen, Denmark) is the founder and leader of Diamond Way Buddhism, an organisation in the Karma Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism. Since the 1970s he has travelled the world teaching and founding meditation centres.
 
## Teachers 
Ole Nydahl’s first teacher was the Drukpa-Kagyu master Lopon Tsechu Rinpoche. In December 1969, Ole Nydahl and his late wife, Hannah Nydahl met the 16th Karmapa, Rangjung Rigpe Dorje, a renowned yogi and the head of the Karma Kagyu lineage. They were among the first Western students of the 16th Karmapa. Ole Nydahl is also a student of Shamar Rinpoche.

## Bibliography 
Ole Nydahl has written several books in either English or German which have been translated into several European languages.

Most popular English titles:
* *Ngondro: The Four Foundational Practices of Tibetan Buddhism*. Blue Dolphin Publishing (1990). 
* *Riding the Tiger: Twenty Years on the Road - Risks and Joys of Bringing Tibetan Buddhism to the West*. Blue Dolphin Publishing (1992). 
* *Entering the Diamond Way: Tibetan Buddhism meets the West*. Blue Dolphin Publishing (1999). 
* *The Great Seal: Limitless Space and Joy - The Mahamudra View of Diamond Way Buddhism*. Fire Wheel Publishing (2004). 
* *The Way Things Are: A Living Approach to Buddhism*. John Hunt Publishing (2007). 

## References 
## Other websites 
* Personal web page, including teaching schedule
* Diamond Way Buddhism
* Parachute accident -- Asia Times Online 
* Photographs of Ole Nydahl Teaching
C-pop

**C-pop** is short for **Chinese popular music** (). Most of today's C-pop artists are from Hong Kong, Taiwan and mainland China, as well as from other countries where Mandarin or Cantonese languages are used, such as Singapore and Malaysia. However, Taiwanese music has some origins from the Japanese enka so Taiwanese pop is sometimes said to be a different genre from C-Pop.

## Cantonese pop
**Cantonese pop**, or colloquially known as **Cantopop**, is a subgenre of C-pop, sung in Cantonese language. Most Hong Kong-born singers start off as Cantonese pop singers before starting a career as a Mandarin pop singer. Cantonese pop artists include:

*Aaron Kwok
*Andy Lau
*Candy Lo
*CoCo Lee
*Jacky Cheung
*Leon Lai
*Alan Tam
*Leslie Cheung
*Samuel Hui
*Priscilla Chan
*Joseph Koo

### The Four Heavenly Kings
"The Four Heavenly Kings" of Cantonese pop are Leon Lai, Andy Lau, Aaron Kwok and Jacky Cheung.

In the early 1990s, many major Cantonese pop stars (such as Alan Tam, Leslie Cheung, Samuel Hui, Priscilla Chan and Joseph Koo) decided to retire because of the protests in China in 1989. Cantonese pop needed new talent to fill the gaps left by these retired stars, this led to the beginning of "the Four Heavenly Kings" or "四大天王" (*lit.* Four Great Kings of Heaven): Jacky Jeung, Andy Lau, Aaron Kwok and Leon Lai. They were dominating the media in all forms, from magazines, TV, cinema to music.

## Mandarin pop
**Mandarin pop** () is a subgenre of C-pop. Also known as **Mandopop** and **Mandapop**, Mandarin pop songs are performed in Mandarin. Most Cantonese pop stars also expand their music career into the Mandarin pop scene.

## Other websites
*Chinese Music Blog  - Chinese music online community providing Chinese music discussion, album review, lyrics translation and romanization for non-Chinese speakers.
*C-Pop Fantasie  - Online resource for c-pop, providing lyrics, downloads, video shows, and more.
Tank (Taiwanese singer)

**Tank** (real name 呂建中 Lǚ Jiàn Zhōng, born February 6, 1982) is a Taiwanese singer-songwriter.  He is currently signed to HIM International Music, which also manages famous singers and groups like S.H.E, Fahrenheit and Power Station. Tank's first album, *Fighting 生存之道* was released on 23 February 2006.

## Early life
Tank was born in Taitung, Taiwan. He is an aboriginal Taiwanese. Before releasing his debut album, Tank helped write songs for Vic Zhou and S.H.E, among many other famous C-Pop artists. By the age of 21, he was already well known for composing more than 200 songs.

He bloomed into fame when two songs he composed, *三國戀* (*Romance of Three Kingdoms*) and *給我你的愛* (*Give Me Your Love*), were used as theme songs for Taiwanese TV shows. Another song, titled as *千年淚*, was used as an ending theme for the drama serial 天外飛仙. His second album *Keep Fighting!* (*延長比賽*) was released on 19 January 2007. His single, *My Angel*, was used for an ending theme of romantic comedy series Hana Kimi.

## Discorgaphy
Tanks has released two albums.

Tank is currently writing his third album. It is set to be released later in 2008

## References
*Official Site 
*Official Blog
*Tank Lyrics
Made of Bricks

***Made of Bricks*** is the first album by the British singer-songwriter, Kate Nash. It was released on 6 August 2007 on Fiction Records. It reached number one in the UK album charts.

The album was released five weeks earlier than first planned due to the popularity of the single "Foundations". In its opening week of sales the album sold over 56,000 copies, and was certified gold.
The album has now been certified Platinum in the UK for sales of over 300,000.  It has sold over 450,000 copies worldwide.

## Track listing 
# "Play" - 1:11
# "Foundations" - 4:05
# "Mouthwash" - 5:01
# "Dickhead" - 3:42
# "Birds" - 4:25
# "We Get On" - 4:34
# "Mariella" - 4:15
# "Shit Song" - 3:05
# "Pumpkin Soup" - 2:59
# "Skeleton Song" - 5:07
# "Nicest Thing" - 4:05
# "Merry Happy/Little Red" - 13:10 (UK bonus track)

### Bonus Tracks 
* "A Is For Asthma" - 2:37 (Digital download bonus track) 

## Chart positions
## References
Der Dativ ist dem Genitiv sein Tod

***Der Dativ ist dem Genitv sein Tod*** (German: ''the dative case is the genitive case's death'') is a book series written by Bastian Sick which deals with doubtful cases of grammar, orthography, and punctuation. Because of that, the writer wants to fight against unthinking habit and what he believes to be a change to a lower state of the language. The book came from a collection of Zwiebelfisch-collumns of Bastian Sick, which appear weekly in the Spiegel Online. At present, the second and third volumes are available. The volumes are from one time to another at the top of book sales lists.

In several states of Germany, writings from the books have been officially recognized as teaching documents after Sick's foreword was used in Saarland in August 2005.

*Eats, Shoots & Leaves* written by Lynne Truss is a book which in a similarly popular style discusses punctuation in English. In Sweden, a similar book, which is based on Lynne Truss' book, has come out, describing the interesting aspects of the Swedish pronunciation.

## Original Book Titles 
* *Der Dativ ist dem Genitiv sein Tod&nbsp;– Ein Wegweiser durch den Irrgarten der deutschen Sprache.* Kiepenheuer und Witsch, Köln 2004,  (Hörbuch: )
* *Der Dativ ist dem Genitiv sein Tod, Folge 2&nbsp;– Neues aus dem Irrgarten der deutschen Sprache.* Kiepenheuer und Witsch, Köln 2005,  (Hörbuch: )
* *Der Dativ ist dem Genitiv sein Tod. Folge 3. Noch mehr aus dem Irrgarten der deutschen Sprache.* Kiepenheuer und Witsch, Köln November 2006,  (Hörbuch: )
Matinée (album)

***Matinée*** is the first album from British singer-'songwriter Jack Peñate. It was released on October 8, 2007 on XL Recordings.

## Track listing
# "Spit At Stars"
# "Got My Favourite"
# "Have I Been A Fool"
# "Torn On The Platform"
# "Learning Lines"
# "Run For Your Life"
# "We Will Be Here"
# "Made Of Codes"
# "My Yvonne"
# "Second, Minute or Hour"
# "When We Die"
# "Learning Lines (demo) (Hidden Track)

## References
Sula Sgeir

**Sula Sgeir** is a small, uninhabited Scottish island in the North Atlantic.  One of the most remote of the British Isles. The island is inhospitable to humans. There is a ruined stone house called Taigh Beannaichte (Blessed House) on the east headland Sgeir an Teampall, the island is formed by pieces of rocks, where are often hard to walk on. Sula Sgeir is a National Nature Reserve since 1956. It is an important place for birds.

The most famous part of island are the caves, which can be explored.

## Fauna 
There are 5,000 breeding pairs of gannets on Sula Sgeir, which they share with other bird species such as Black-legged Kittiwakes, guillemots, puffins and fulmars.
Baucau

**Baucau** is a city in East Timor (Timor-Leste). It is  east of the capital, Dili. About 16,000 people live there, making it the second largest town in East Timor by population. It is served by the Cakung Airport. The town was first started by Portugal as a trading center.

## References
1 BC

Year **1 ** was a leap year starting on Thursday in the proleptic Julian calendar. Some sources list it as a common year starting on either Friday or Saturday. At the time, it was known as the **Year of the Consulship of Lentulus and Piso**.

## Events
* Emperor Augustus made a peace treaty with Phraates V
* Ovid writes the Ars Amatoria
* Ping of Han becomes Emperor of China
* December 25 - Birth of Jesus as given by Dionysius Exiguus

## Births 
* Ptolemy of Mauretania (d. AD 40)
* Jesus Christ (b. 6 April 1BC  d. AD 33)

## Deaths 
*Dong Xian, a Han Dynasty Chinese official under Emperor Ai of Han (b. 23 BC)
*Emperor Ai of Han (b. 27 BC)
*Empress Fu
*Empress Zhao Feiyan (b. 32 BC)
Data Protection Act 2018

The **Data Protection Act 2018** (c 29) is a law passed by the  British government in 2018, and replaces the one passed in 1998. 

It sets out rules for people who use or store data about living people and gives s to those people whose data has been collected. The law applies to data held on computers or any sort of storage system, even paper records. 

The law covers personal data which are facts like your address, telephone number, e-mail address, job history etc. 

People who use the information are called *data controllers*. People who the data is about are called *data subjects*.

## Main points of the Data Protection Act 
This is a brief simplified  of the main  of the UK Data Protection Act.

This applies to information kept on staff, customers and account holders, for example;
* If you collect data about people for one reason, you must not use it for a different reason;
* You must not give people's data to other people or organisations unless they agree;
* People have the right to look at data that any organisations store about them;
* You must not keep the data for longer than you need to and it must be kept up to date;
* You must not send the data to places outside of the European Economic Area unless adequate levels of protection exist;
* Organisations that store data about people must register with the Information Commissioner’s Office;
* If you store data about people you must make sure that it is secure and well protected;
* If an organisation has data about you that is wrong, then you have a right to ask them to change it. 

## Related pages
* Computer legislation
* Computer Misuse Act

## Other websites
* Information Commissioner’s Office
Nontrinitarianism

**Nontrinitarism** is a movement that rejects the idea of the Christian Trinity. That idea says that God is three different persons in one being. 

There are several movements which can be classified as Nontrinitarian. At the First Council of Nicaea, in the year 325, people met and defined the idea of trinity. Some movements started before the council. Nontrinitarianism was later renewed in the Gnosticism of the Cathars in the 11th through 13th centuries, in the Age of Enlightenment of the 18th century, and in Restorationism during the 19th century.

Modern-day versions are usually called Unitarianism. 
* Jehovah's Witnesses do not believe in the Trinity and are known for showing people from the Bible why they believe the idea to be false.
*Latter Day Saints (Mormons) also do not believe in the Trinity but believe that God the Father, his Son Jesus Christ, and the Holy Ghost are three separate beings, that are united in purpose.
*Seventh-day Adventists did not believe in the Catholic doctrine of the trinity for the first 50 years of their existence either. The founders of the world wide Seventh Day Adventist Church believed that: "There is one supreme God of the universe and Jesus Christ: The only begotten Son of God!", Statement of Believes, 1873. The change came many years latter, when the founders of the Seventh Day Adventist Church had already 'slept in the Lord" (died).

## References
Interstate 10

**Interstate 10** (or **I-10**) is a long Interstate Highway which the west side ends at Santa Monica, California (near Los Angeles), and the other side ends at Jacksonville, Florida. In Texas, it is one of the routes which the speed limit is  per hour. The route is  long and travels through 8 states. It is the fourth longest Interstate Highway in the United States after I-90, I-80, and I-40.

## Major cities along the highway
* Los Angeles, California
* San Bernardino, California
* Palm Springs, California
* Phoenix, Arizona
* Tucson, Arizona
* Las Cruces, New Mexico
* El Paso, Texas
* San Antonio, Texas
* Houston, Texas
* Lake Charles, Louisiana
* Lafayette, Louisiana
* Baton Rouge, Louisiana
* New Orleans, Louisiana
* Biloxi, Mississippi
* Mobile, Alabama
* Pensacola, Florida
* Tallahassee, Florida
* Jacksonville, Florida

## References
Ranked list of Dominican provinces

These are ranked lists of the Provinces of Dominican Republic. Population figures areas are taken from the report on the 2010 census.

The percentages (%) mean how much of the country the province has (population and area).

## By population
## By area
## By population density
## Map
## References
Miranda Cosgrove

**Miranda Taylor Cosgrove** (born May 14, 1993) is an American actress and recording artist. She was born in Los Angeles, California. She first started her career in 1998 in various commercials. She is best known for her roles as Megan Parker in *Drake and Josh*, Summer Hathaway in *School of Rock* and her lead role as Carly Shay in Nickelodeon's *iCarly*. She has also guest-starred in shows like *Zoey 101*. She also had her debut soundtrack album called *Sparks Fly* in April 2010 and *High Maintenance* in March 2011. She is also best known for voicing Margo in the Despicable Me films.

## Filmography
## References
## Other websites
*
81 (number)

**Eighty-one** is a number. It comes between eighty and eighty-two, and is an odd number. It is also a square number.
Old Believers

* by Vasily Surikov. A defiant Old Believer is being arrested. She holds up two fingers (instead of three) referring to the dispute about the proper way of cross-signing.]]

In the Russian Orthodox church history, the **Old Believers** (, read *starovery* or *staroobryadtsy*) became separated after 1666-1667. They split from the  hierarchy of the Russian Orthodox Church as a protest against church reforms introduced by Patriarch Nikon. Old Believers continue liturgical practices which the Russian Orthodox Church followed before the reform. 
 
Russian-speakers refer to the schism itself as *raskol* (**раскол**). This word comes from a Russian word *расколоться'', that means "to cleave apart").

## Background 
Patriarch Nikon (1605-1681; 1651-1658 as patriarch) wanted to bring the Russian Orthodox Church and the Greek Orthodox Church closer together. For this reason, he changed a few rituals and texts in 1651. These changes were made to the Russian rituals to be closer to the Greek ones of Nikon's time. According to the Old Believers, Nikon did this without the support of the clergy. and without a council. When the changes were done, people who still practiced the old rites were persecuted.
Province of Arezzo

**Province of Arezzo** (Italian: **Provincia di Arezzo**) is the eastern most province in the Tuscany region of Italy. The capital of province of Arezzo is the city of Arezzo.

The province has an area of 3,232&nbsp;km², and a total population of 323,288 (2001) in 39 *comuni* (singular: *comune*).

## Other websites 
* Province homepage (in Italian)
Province of Florence

The **Province of Florence** (in Italian: "Provincia di Firenze") was a province in the Tuscany region of Italy. The province has an area of 3,514 sq.&nbsp;km and a population of 933,860 (2001) in 44&nbsp;*comuni*.

Much of the province is in the plain of the Arno river that became an urban centre around the city of Florence.

The city (in Italian "comune") of Florence is the capital of both the province and the region of Tuscany.

## Important cities
*Florence - 366.488 inhabitants
*Scandicci - 50.003 inhabitants
*Sesto Fiorentino - 46.702 inhabitantis
*Empoli - 46.017 inhabitants
*Campi Bisenzio - 39.176 inhabitants
*Bagno a Ripoli - 25.228 inhabitants
*Fucecchio - 21.912 inhabitants
*Pontassieve - 20.581 inhabitants
*Borgo San Lorenzo - 17.350 inhabitants

## Hospitals
In Florence:
**C.T.O*
**Careggi*
**I.O.T*
**Mayer*
**Oftalmico*
**Ponte Nuovo*
**Hospital of San Giovanni di Dio*
**Santa Maria Nuova*
*''Villa d'Ognissanti*
**Villa Monna Tessa*

In Empoli:
*Hospital of San Giuseppe di Empoli (two different buildings)

In Castelfiorentino:
*Hospital of Santa Verdiana di Castelfiorentino

In Fucecchio:
*Hospital of San Pietro Igneo di Fucecchio

In Bagno a Ripoli:

**Hospital of Santa Maria Annunziata''

## Other websites
* Province homepage
Province of Livorno

The **Province of Livorno** (Italian: *Provincia di Livorno*) is a province in the Tuscany region of Italy. The capital of the province is the city of Livorno.

The province has an area of 1,218&nbsp;km², and a total population of 326,444 (2001). There are 21 *comuni* (singular: *comune*) in the province.

## Gallery 

File:Capraia Castello San Giorgio.jpg|Fortress of  San Giorgio in "Capraia"
File:Populonia Panorama.jpg| Populonia
File:Costa livorno.jpg|Coast of Livorno
File:Effetto Venezia 2007.jpg|Area of "Venezia Nuova" in Livorno

## Other websites 
* Province homepage 
* Livorno Tourist Board Site
Province of Grosseto

**Province of Grosseto** (Italian: *Provincia di Grosseto*) is a province in the Tuscany region of Italy. The capital of the province is the city of Grosseto. In the province, there is The Natural Park of Maremma. It is in the famous area of Maremma.

The province has an area of 4,504&nbsp;km² and a total population of 211,086 (2001). There are 28 *comuni* (singular: *comune*) in the province

As of June 2005, the main comuni by population are:

## Other websites
* Province homepage
Province of Pisa

The **Province of Pisa** () is a province in the Tuscany region of Italy. The capital of the province is the city of Pisa.

The province has an area of . In 2005, 394,101 people lived there. There are 39 *comuni* in the province.

Pisa is well known for the famous Leaning Tower of Pisa,which is in the city.

## Other websites 
* Province homepage 
* Pisa photos
Province of Pistoia

The **Province of Pistoia** () is a province in the Tuscany region of Italy.

## Geography 
The capital of the province is the city of Pistoia.  The province has an area of 965&nbsp;km² and a total population of 268,503 (2001). There are 22 *communes* in the province.

## Other websites 
* Province homepage
Province of Massa-Carrara

** The Province of Massa-Carrara** () is a province in the Tuscany region of Italy. It is named after the two main cities in its territory: Carrara and Massa, its capital.

The province has an area of 1,157&nbsp;km² and a total population of 200,695 (2005). There are 17 *comuni* (singular: *comune*) in the province. The main *comuni* by population are:

## Economy 
The economy of the province is  based on the production of the famous white Carrara marble.

## Related pages
* Massa di Carrara
* Carrara
* Marble
* Duchy of Massa and Carrara

## Other websites 
* Province homepage
Group 16 element

)]]
**Group 16** is the third last group in the periodic table. This group is called the **oxygen family** or the **chalcogens**. The elements in this group are oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium and livermorium. The first two elements are nonmetals, elements are in between are metalloids and the last two are metals. Polonium and livermorium are radioactive. Oxygen (as O2) is a colorless gas. 

File:Sulfur.jpg|Sulfur
File:Selenium-2.jpg|Selenium
File:Tellurium.jpg|Tellurium
Magadino

**Magadino** was a municipality of the district Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 25 April 2010, the former municipalities of Caviano, Contone, Gerra Gambarogno, Indemini, Magadino, Piazzogna, San Nazzaro, Sant'Abbondio and Vira Gambarogno merged to form the new municipality of Gambarogno.

## References 
## Other websites
Maggia

**Maggia** could mean:

*Maggia River, a river in southern Switzerland
*Maggia, municipality, a municipality in southern Switzerland
*Maggia (comics), a fictional crime syndicate in the Marvel Comics universe
Historikerstreit

The **Historikerstreit** (English: ''Historians' dispute'') was an intellectual and political controversy in West Germany about the way the Holocaust should be interpreted in history.  It took place between 1986-1989, and pitted left-wing intellectuals against right-wing intellectuals. Its embers flared up again briefly in 2000 when one of the leading figures, Ernst Nolte, was awarded a literary prize. "Die Vergangenheit, die nicht vergehen will" proposed by Ernst Nolte, had to be rejected as inadequate due to their lack of sufficient empirical substance.

## Related pages
* German Jews
* Polish Memory Law
* Historical revisionism
* Secondary antisemitism
* Holocaust uniqueness debate

## References
Jury

A **jury** is a group of ordinary people, who aren't employees of the court, who decide the answer to a question in a court room. Usually, this question is whether a person is guilty or innocent of committing a crime. A jury may also be responsible for deciding a penalty for the person if they are found guilty. Normally, all members of the jury have to agree on the decision. Sometimes, the jury can still make a decision even if a few members don't agree with it. However, if the jury is quite clearly divided, the result is known as a *hung jury* and the case is not decided. A member of a jury is called a **juror**. A juror is supposed to be impartial. This means that he or she is to be fair and listen to both sides of the story without deciding what side they will take ahead of time. Some people can not become members of a jury and others have the right to ask not to be made a member. People who can not be members are those which have a mental illness and people who can ask not to be made a juror include doctors and religious persons.

## Jury Nullification
Under the common law juries have a right that is not often used. If they think that the law under which a person is charged is wrong they can use jury nullification to set the person free. Whilst this is a right juries have it is unlawful for a lawyer to explain this to a jury, they must know about it on their own.

## Types of juries 
In the United States there are primarily two types of juries which are the finder of facts in a trial:
* A **petit jury** also called a **trial jury** is one made up of from 6 to 12 jurors.
* A **grand jury** is called by a prosecutor to decide if there is probable cause to believe someone has committed a crime. If so, the grand jury returns an indictment against the defendant.

## Juries by country
A jury in the United Kingdom is made up of 12 people for criminal cases and 10 people for civil cases (or 15 people in Scotland) these people are selected at random and are British citizens with no criminal record. Members are chosen from the electoral register for their local area and those chosen must attend jury duty.

In the United States, juries are made up of 12 regular people from the area in which the trial is held and are not members of the court system. They are paid a small amount for their service.

## References
Maggia (municipality)

**Maggia** is a municipality of the district Vallemaggia in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

## History
The actual municipality was created in 2004 on April 27 by merger of the former municipalities of Aurigeno, Coglio, Giumaglio, Lodano, Maggia, Moghegno and Someo.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Develier

**Develier** is a municipality of the district of Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website of the municipality of Develier