open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Zork I

***Zork: The Great Underground Empire - Part I***, also known as ***Zork I***, is an interactive fiction video game written by Marc Blank, Dave Lebling, Bruce Daniels and Tim Anderson and published by Infocom in 1980. It was the first game in the popular Zork trilogy and was released for a wide range of computer systems, followed by *Zork II* and *Zork III*. It was Infocom's first game, and sold more than 400,000 copies.

## Plot
The player steps into the role of an "adventurer". The game begins near a white house in a small, self-contained area. Although the player is not given any instructions, the house is point of interest.

When the player enters the house through a window, it yields a number of interesting objects: an ancient brass lantern, an empty trophy case, an intricately engraved sword, etc. Beneath a rug a trap door leads down into a dark cellar. But what appears the cellar is actually one of several entrances to an underground area—the Great Underground Empire. The player soon encounters dangerous creatures, including deadly grues, an axe-wielding troll, a giant cyclops and a nimble-fingered thief. 

The goal of *Zork I* is to collect the Twenty Treasures of Zork and place them in the trophy case. Finding the treasures requires solving a variety of puzzles such as the navigation of two difficult mazes and some precise controls at Flood Control Dam #3. 

Placing all of the treasures into the trophy case scores the player 350 points and grants the rank of "Master Adventurer." An ancient map with further instructions then appears in the trophy case. These instructions provide access to a stone barrow. The entrance to the barrow is the end of *Zork I* and the beginning of *Zork II*.

It is possible to score all 350 points in 223 moves (and win the game completely in 228 moves) by exploiting a bug.

## Notes 
## Other websites 
* View Zork 1 packaging  and Play Zork 1  online at the Gallery of Zork.
* Play *Zork I: The Great Underground Empire* online at iFiction.org
* Infocom-if.org's entry for *Zork I*
* 
* *Zork I* Technical Info and Screenshot
* *Zork I* information and overview 
* The Infocom Bugs List entry for *Zork I*
* *Zork 1* Walkthroughs
Feminazi

**Feminazi** is a word used to criticize the feminist movement or its members. The name was created by American talk-show hosts Bob Black and Rush Limbaugh. Black wrote an essay in 1983 called "Feminism as Fascism". 

## Related pages
* Nazism
* Sexism
* A Vindication of the Rights of Woman

## References 
## Other websites 
* Online dictionary
Jessica-Jane Clement

**Jessica-Jane Clement** (born 24 February 1985) is a British glamour model, actress and television presenter. She was born and raised in Sheffield, South Yorkshire. She is best known for her role in *The Real Hustle* on BBC Three. She was a contestant in the 2011 series of ''I'm a Celebrity ... Get Me Out of Here!''.

## Other websites 
*
*Official website
Ramin Djawadi

**Ramin Djawadi** (born July 19, 1974) is a German-Iranian composer of orchestral music for movies and television. He was born in Duisburg, Germany to an Iranian father and German mother. Djawadi may be best known for his Grammy-nominated, guitar-driven score for *Iron Man* and for the TV series *Prison Break*, *Game of Thrones* and *Person of Interest*.

## Biography
After  summa cum laude from Berklee College of Music in 1998, Djawadi got the attention of Hans Zimmer. Zimmer recruited him to Remote Control Productions.  Djawadi moved to Los Angeles and worked as an assistant to Klaus Badelt. He wrote additional music on *The Time Machine*, *Basic*, *The Recruit* and the blockbuster *Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl*. He then worked with Zimmer on the score for *Thunderbirds*, ''Something's Gotta Give (movieething's Gotta Give* and *Batman Begins*.

Djawadi then went out on his own with *Blade: Trinity'', collaborating with The RZA for director David Goyer. This was the beginning of his relationship with Goyer for both movies and television. Djawadi wrote the score for Goyer's horror thriller *The Unborn*, which was produced by Michael Bay. he also worked with Goyer on the television series *FlashForward*. This earned him his second Emmy nomination. Djawadi also composed the Emmy-nominated theme music for *Prison Break* and the theme for the related show *Breakout Kings*. Djawadi's score for the movie *Mr. Brooks* earned him a World Soundtrack Awards “Discovery of the Year” nomination.  His other scores include *Deception*, starring Hugh Jackman and Ewan McGregor, and Robert Towne's *Ask the Dust*.

Djawadi scored the first Sony Animation project, *Open Season* as well as the sequel *Open Season 2*.  Other animation scores include *The Chubbchubbs Save Xmas*. Djawadi's work in these movies got him noticed by the filmmakers of the Belgium-based NWave. They created one of the first animated movies in 3D, *Fly Me to the Moon*.  Djawadi finished Warner Brothers' *Clash of the Titans* in 2010.  Djawadi also scored the soundtrack for the 2010 video game *Medal of Honor* and HBO's fantasy drama *Game of Thrones*.

He is currently composing the music for the new J.J. Abrams TV series, *Person of Interest*.

His usual orchestrators are Stephen Coleman and Tony Blondal

## References
## Other websites
*
Nina Dobrev

**Nina Dobrev** (born on January 9, 1989 in Sofia, Bulgaria) is a Bulgarian-Canadian actress. She is best known for playing the role of Elena Gilbert and Katherine Pierce on the dramatic television series, *The Vampire Diaries*.

## Biography 
Nina Dobrev was born on January 9, 1989 in Sofia, Bulgaria to Bulgarian parents. Her father is a computer scientist, and her mother is an artist. Her family moved to Canada when she was two years old. She was raised in Toronto, Ontario. She was 20 years old when she started her first show. 

## References
## Other websites
*
Arkadi Ghukasyan

**Arkadi Ghukasyan** () was the third President of the self-proclaimed Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. He was elected as the President on September 8, 1997 and re-elected in 2002, until his term ended on July 19, 2007 and was succeeded by Bako Sahakyan.

Born in Stepanakert, in the Nagorno Karabakh Autonomous Republic of the Azerbaijan SSR on June 22, 1957, he graduated in 1979 from Yerevan State University with a degree in linguistics. He started his working career as a correspondent for "Soviet Karabagh" newspaper, becoming its Deputy Editor-in-Chief in 1981.

In 1991 Ghukasyan was elected to the first Parliament of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. 

Ghukasyan has been a member of Nagorno-Karabagk's Security Council since 1993. On July 23, 1993 he became the first Foreign Minister of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic.

He survived an assassination attempt in 2000. 

## References
*Regions and territories: Nagorno-Karabakh

## Other websites
* Official website (in Russian and Armenian)
Federica De Bortoli

**Federica De Bortoli** (born November 9, 1976 in Rome) is an Italian voice actress. She voices characters in anime, cartoons and movies.

De Bortoli provides the voice of the character Bella Swan in the Italian language version of the Twilight movie series.

She works at LaBibi.it, Dubbing Brothers, Sefit - CDC, and other dubbing studios in Italy.

## Voice work
* Suki in *Avatar: The Last Airbender*
* Nene Romanova in *Bubblegum Crisis*
* Roberta Tubbs in *The Cleveland Show*
* Tails in *Sonic X*
* Padmé Amidala in *Star Wars: Clone Wars*
* Diana in *Pokémon 4Ever*

## Other websites
**Behind the Voice Actors*
Charlotte Church

**Charlotte Church** (born Charlotte Maria Reed, 21 February 1986) is a Welsh singer-songwriter, actress and television presenter. She changed her surname when she was adopted by her stepfather. She sings classical music and pop music.  She hosted a Channel 4 chat show titled *The Charlotte Church Show*. She has two children by rugby player Gavin Henson.

By 2007, she had sold more than ten million records worldwide including over five million in the United States. In 2010 she was reported to be worth as much as £11m (though one 2003 report quoted her worth at £25m). Church released her first album in five years, titled *Back to Scratch*, on 17 October 2010. Church has a mezzo-soprano vocal range.

## Political activities
She has became increasingly outspoken on a number of political issues. In May 2015 she joined a demonstration organised by the People's Assembly Against Austerity in Cardiff.   At the 2015 Glastonbury Festival she chaired a conversation with two members of Russian feminist punk band Pussy Riot. 

In September 2015, she supported Jeremy Corbyn's campaign in the Labour Party leadership election, In 2016, Church along with many other celebrities, toured the UK to support Corbyn's bid to become Prime Minister, and in March 2016, performed at a socialist fundraising event in Edinburgh for Corbyn. But by December 2016, she was calling for him to be replaced by a “fresh face” who was more electable. In May 2016, she declared her support for the Welsh nationalist party, Plaid Cymru in the National Assembly for Wales election.

In January 2017, she took part in a protest in Cardiff about Donald Trump's inauguration as US president.

In February 2024, she was recorded singing for Palestine in response to the attacks of Israel on Gaza after the 7 October attacks of Hamas on Israel.

Church is a supporter of Welsh independence.

## Discography
;Studio albums
* *Voice of an Angel* (1998)
* *Charlotte Church* (1999)
* *Dream a Dream* (2000)
* *Enchantment* (2001)
* *Tissues and Issues* (2005)
* *Back to Scratch* (2010)

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Official website
Cheese analogue

**Cheese analogues** are substitutes of cheese that are made to imitate the taste and the look of real cheese. Such substitutes replace the dairy milk by other plant-based . The fat in the milk is replaced by other kinds of fat of animal or plant origin. Sometimes the proteins found in milk are also replaced by proteins from other sources. Cheese analogues are usually used because of health reasons, for example lactose intolerance. They are also used as a personal choice (e.g. veganism, or for religious reasons). In most cases, Cheese analogue is kosher. 

Cheese analogue cost less to make than real cheese. By carefully choosing the ingredients in the analogue, other  such as the melting temperature and the taste can be changed. Flavour enhancers can be added to make the product taste similar to Parmesan, feta or Camembert cheese, for example. Food coloring is used to match the color of a cheese product. Real cheese undergoes a ripening process, cheese analogues do not have this: Usually, vegetable oil is heated, and mixed with a premade powder and water. Flavour enhancers are added. After cooling, the product is ready for packaging. 

In Europe, cheese analogue is used for gastronomy and in bakeries; In the United States, it is marketed as a replacement for real cheese. The arguments used cater to people who do not want to use real cheese for personal reasons, or that cannot use it for health reasons.
Rikuzen Province

is an old province of Japan in the area of Miyagi Prefecture and Iwate Prefecture on the island of Honshū.  Along with Rikuchū and Mutsu Provinces, it was sometimes called .  The history of the province started in 1868 and ended in 1872.

## History
in 1868, Rikuaen was  from Mutsu.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  Maps of Japan and Rikuzen Province were reformed in the 1870s.

## Related pages
* Provinces of Japan
* Prefectures of Japan
* List of regions of Japan
* List of islands of Japan
* Sanriku

## References
## Other websites 
* Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Danger

s which are triangular with a red border are warning drivers about something dangerous. This one simply has an exclamation mark, so it might refer to any kind of danger.]]

**Danger** (also **risk** or **peril**) is the possibility of something bad happening. A situation in which there is a risk of something bad happening, is called *dangerous*, *risky* or *perilous*.
 (South Africa)]]
People often take risks, or do things that might hurt them. An example of this is crossing the road without looking carefully. There is a risk that you might get hit by a car.  

Anything that involves a risk of injury or to health can be described as dangerous. Smoking is dangerous to health.  Being around some animals is dangerous because they might attack humans.

## Measuring danger 
There are a few different ways that danger can be *quantified* - put into numbers.

### Probability 
probability measures how dangerous something is.  It uses a math equation to find the risk that a certain event might happen.  In epidemiology, risk is defined as the number of events that *did* happen, divided by the number of events that *could have* happened. For example, if the risk of babies dying after birth in a population is reported as 1/1000, it means that out of every 1000 babies born, 1 is likely to die.

### Risk and prevalence 
Prevalence is the number of people in a population that have a certain disease.

Risk is the number of *new* cases of disease, divided by the number of people who *could* get the disease.  For example, during an outbreak of the flu, risk would be the number of people who get the flu, divided by the number of people who were exposed to the flu virus.

#### Risk assessment 
A risk assessment is a list of things that could go wrong. In many Western countries, when teachers take children on an outing, they may have to fill in a risk assessment form which lists the possible dangers and says what they should do to stop bad things from happening (e.g. accidents or children getting lost).

## Related pages 
*Adventure
*Threat
*Safety
Dangerous

**Dangerous** describes something that has danger. It can also mean:

**Dangerous* (Michael Jackson album)
**"Dangerous" (Michael Jackson song)
*"Dangerous" (Kardinal Offishall song)
Relativism

**Relativism** is the idea that points of view (POV) have no absolute truth or validity. They only have relative,  value according to viewpoint and circumstances.

## Examples
Common statements that might be considered relativistic include:

* "That's true for you but not for me."
* "Beauty is in the eye of the beholder."
* "You can't judge other cultures by the standards of your own."

There are many forms of relativism.
The word often refers to *truth relativism*, which is the doctrine that there are no  truths, i.e., that truth is always relative to some particular frame of reference, such as a language or a culture (cultural relativism).

## Moral relativism
As *moral relativism*, moral principles apply only in a limited context. In context, principles and ethics do hold; out of context they do not. There are similar ideas in nihilism, scepticism and amoralism.

## Applications
People who agreed with the idea of relativism include Paul Feyerabend, Isaiah Berlin and Richard Rorty. The Roman Catholic Church (RCC), especially under John Paul II and Pope Benedict XVI, has identified relativism as one of the most significant problems for faith and morals today.

## Christian views
The RCC and some philosophers define relativism as the denial of absolute truth. They say that without absolute truth, there can be no moral values. If there are no moral values, there might not be sin, and God may not exist. 

In their view, relativism constitutes a denial of the capacity of the human mind and reason to arrive at truth. Truth, according to Catholic theologians and philosophers (following Aristotle and Plato) consists of *adequatio rei et intellectus*, the *correspondence* of the mind and reality. 

Another way of putting it states that the mind has the same form as reality. This means when the form of the computer in front of someone (the type, color, shape, capacity, etc.) is also the form that is in their mind, then what they know is true because their mind corresponds to objective reality. 

The denial of an absolute reference, of an *axis mundi,* denies God, who equates to Absolute Truth, according to these Christian philosophers. They link relativism to secularism, an obstruction of religion in human life.

### Pope Leo XIII
Pope Leo XIII (1810 – 1903) was the first known Pope to use the word relativism in the encyclical Humanum Genus (1884). Leo XIII condemned Freemasonry and claimed that its philosophical and political system was largely based on relativism.

## Related pages
* Cynicism
* Postmodernism
* Holocaust uniqueness debate

## References
Lime (material)

**Lime** is a general term for various naturally occurring minerals and materials derived from them in which carbonates, oxides and hydroxides of calcium predominate.

These materials are used in large quantities as building and engineering materials (including limestone products, concrete, and mortar), and as chemical feedstocks, among other uses.  The rocks and minerals from which these materials are derived, primarily limestone and chalk, are composed primarily of calcium carbonate.    "Burning" (calcination) converts them into the highly caustic material *quicklime* (calcium oxide), and, through the addition of water, into the less caustic, but still strongly alkaline *slaked lime* (calcium hydroxide).

In general writing when the term is used in an agricultural context it probably refers to  Agricultural lime.  Otherwise it most commonly means slaked lime, as the more dangerous form is usually described more specifically as quicklime or *burnt lime*.
MTR Corporation

.]]
**MTR Corporation Limited** is a public transport operator in Hong Kong.
## References
## Other websites
* MTR Corporate Website
*Press release on Wuhan (Adobe Systems Acrobat PDF format)
*History and Development of the Company , EDGAR Online.
* Transport for London press release

;MTR Properties and MTR Property Management
* Maritime Square Website
* Paradise Mall Website 
* Luk Yeung Galleria Website
* Telford Plaza Website
*Residents Portal 

;Documentary *MTR Underground Iron - The Building of a Railway* on YouTube
* Part 1
* Part 2
* Part 3
* Part 4
* Part 5
Txillardegi

**José Luis Álvarez Enparantza** (27 September 1929 – 14 January 2012) was a Basque linguist, politician and writer. When writing he used the pseudonym **Txillardegi**. He was born in Donostia, which is called *San Sebastian* in Spanish. Even though he did not learn the Basque language until he was 17, he came to be seen as one of the most influential figures in Basque nationalism and culture in the second half of the 20th century.

Together with some friends he started ETA in 1959, and became responsible for their social and cultural activities. He also was a founding member of Herri Batasuna, the Basque nationalist party. As a linguist, he helped shape the structure and orthography of Standard Basque.

## References
Ken Russell

**Henry Kenneth Alfred Russell** (3 July 1927 – 27 November 2011) was a British director, screenwriter, producer and actor. He was born in Southampton, Hampshire. He directed *Women in Love* and *The Devils*. He was a Roman Catholic.

Russell was a housemate in *Celebrity Big Brother 2007*.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Arkady Ter-Tadevosyan

**Arkady Ivani Ter-Tadevosyan** (; ; May 22, 1939 – March 31, 2021) was an Armenian military leader of the Armenian forces during the Nagorno-Karabakh War. He is best known as the commander of the operation to capture the town of Shushi in May 1992.

He has the rank of major general in the Armenian Army. He attended a military academy in Saint Petersburg and served in the Soviet Army.

Yer-Tadevosyan died on March 31, 2021 in Yerevan at the age of 80.

## References
## More readings
* "Tadevosyan, Arkady" entry in the Encyclopedia of Karabakh Liberation War: 1988-1994. Yerevan, 2004.
Nigel Hawthorne

**Sir Nigel Barnard Hawthorne** CBE (5 April 1929 - 26 December 2001) was a British actor. He was best known for his role as Sir Humphrey Appleby in sitcom *Yes Minister* and its sequel *Yes, Prime Minister*. He played the title role as George III in *The Madness of King George*.

## Life and death
Hawthorne was born in Coventry, Warwickshire and raised in South Africa.

He was gay; his long-term partner, until his death, was screenwriter Trevor Bentham. 

Hawthorne had pancreatic cancer and died of a heart attack Radwell, Hertfordshire. He was 72 years old.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Sillod

**Sillod** is a city in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is in the district of Aurangabad. As of the 2001 Indian census, Sillod had a population of 43,859.

## References
Permineralization

**Permineralization** is a process of fossilization in which mineral deposits form internal casts of organisms. 

Minerals in water fill the spaces inside organic tissue. The process gives a record of soft tissue as well as hard tissues. Fossils with permineralization are useful in studying internal structures, especially of plants.

Water from the ground, lakes, or oceans seeps into the pores of organic tissue and forms a crystal cast with deposited minerals. Crystals begin to form in the porous cell walls. This process continues on the inner surface of the walls until the central cavity of the cell, the lumen, is completely filled. The cell walls themselves remain intact surrounding the crystals. Permineralization is different from petrification in that the organic material is only filled with minerals and not completely replaced. Permineralization can occur in several ways:

## Types 
### Silicification 
Silicification is the most common type of permineralization.

### Carbonate mineralization 
Carbonate mineralization occurs as coal balls. Coal balls are fossilizations of plants and their tissues, usually made when there is seawater or acidic peat.  This type of fossilization gives information about plant life in the Upper Carboniferous (325 to 280 million years ago).

### Pyritization 
Organisms are pyritized when they are in marine sediments saturated with iron sulfides.

## References
Mutsu Province (1868)

, also called  was an old province of Japan in the area of Iwate Prefecture and Aomori Prefecture on the island of Honshū. It was also known as  or .

## Related pages
* Provinces of Japan
* Prefectures of Japan
* List of regions of Japan
* List of islands of Japan
* Sanriku

## References
## Other websites 
* Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Julius Erving

**Julius Winfield Erving II** (born February 22, 1950) is a retired American basketball player. He went to Roosevelt High school. He is best known by the nickname **Dr. J**.  Other nicknames include **The Doctor** and **J. W. Erving**.  Erving helped create the modern style of basketball. Jumping and playing above the rim of the basket became a more important part of the game.

## Career 
Erving was the best known player in the American Basketball Association (ABA) when it joined with the NBA in 1976. He won three championships and four Most Valuable Player Awards. He scored the most points in the league three times. He did it while playing with the ABA's Virginia Squires and New York Nets and the NBA's Philadelphia 76ers.

He is the fifth-highest scorer in professional basketball history. He scored 30,026 points (NBA and ABA combined). He was the only player to have been voted Most Valuable Player in both the ABA and the NBA. Erving was named to the NBA's 50th Anniversary All-Time team. In 1993, he was added into the Basketball Hall of Fame.

Many think that Erving is one of the best basketball players ever. He was well known for slam dunking from the free throw line. He was one of the best dunkers of all time. His best known dunk was the "slam" dunk. Since then, this move has become a regular term in basketball and is felt by most the be a basic part of the game. He is also credited with making the "cross-over" dribble and the "no look" pass a part of the game.

## References
Secrets of the Furious Five

***Kung Fu Panda: Secrets of the Furious Five*** is an Annie Award-winning American animated short. It was made by DreamWorks Animation. The movie is a semi-sequel (or spin-off) to the animated movie *Kung Fu Panda*. It is a part of the original movie's deluxe DVD release. It was later broadcast on NBC on February 26, 2009. The short is now available as a separate DVD as of March 24, 2009. Also, ever since it was released, the short received positive reviews and won the Annie Award for best animated short.

## Other websites
* *Kung Fu Panda* - Official Website
*
Kung Fu Panda: Secrets of the Masters

***Kung Fu Panda: Secrets of the Masters*** (also shortened to ***Secrets of the Masters***) is a 2011 computer-animated short movie from DreamWorks Animation. It was released on December 13, 2011 with the *Kung Fu Panda 2* DVD and Blu-ray.

## Awards
*Secrets of the Masters* won in 2012 an Annie Award for Best Animated Special Production.

## References
## Other websites
*
Steve Coogan

**Stephen John Coogan** (born 14 October 1965) is a British actor, comedian, writer and television producer. He has played roles in sitcoms and movies. His best known character is Alan Partridge.

## Life
Coogan was born in Middleton, Lancashire and raised in Alkrington. He lives in East Sussex.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
*Chortle
Rio Grande

]]
The **Río Grande**, or **Río Bravo (del Norte)**, is a river in the United States and Mexico. The name "Río Grande" means "great river" in Spanish. In Mexico, it is known as "Río Bravo" or "Río Bravo del Norte"; and the Spanish word "bravo" has many meanings, including "brave", "courageous", "rough" or "wild", and "Norte" means "North". The source of the Río Grande is in the San Juan Mountains of the Rocky Mountains range in Colorado. It flows through the U.S. states of Colorado and New Mexico, and Texas, and forms the border between Texas and the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas. The Río Grande empties into the Gulf of Mexico.

## Other websites
Crow Island School

**Crow Island School** is an elementary school in Winnetka, Illinois. Several architects worked together to design the building. Eero Saarinen worked with the architectural firm of Perkins, Wheeler and Will. The building was finished in 1940. It is different from many other schools because of its design and its ideas about education. Now, kindergarten through fourth grade students go to this school.

The first jungle gym is here. It used to be at the Horace Mann School, but that school building was taken down in 1940. People who ran the school moved this special playground equipment to the Crow Island School then.

The building won the Twenty-five Year Award in 1971. The school was named a National Historic Landmark in 1990.

## References
## Other websites
* List of awards
Biasing

**Biasing** in electronics is using specific voltages and/or currents at points of an electronic circuit to set an appropriate operating point. The operating point of a device, also known as bias point, is the point that shows (in case of transistor) the direct current, collector-emitter voltage, and the collector current with no input signal.

The term *biasing* is usually used with transistors, vacuum tubes or diodes.
Billy Bunter

**William George Bunter** (a.k.a. **Billy Bunter**, the "Fat Owl of the Remove"), is a fictional character created by Charles Hamilton using the pen name *Frank Richards*. He featured originally in stories set at Greyfriars School in the boys weekly story paper *The&nbsp;Magnet* first published in 1908, and has since appeared in novels, on television, in stage plays, and in comic strips.

## Bibliography 
* .
* .
* .
* .
* .
* .
* .
* .
* .
* .
* .

## Other websites 
* Friardale Collection of Charles Hamilton material: Novels, story papers, etc.
* The Magnet 1908-1940 Original Greyfriars stories: facsimile editions of The Magnet
* Collecting Books and Magazines Detailed article
* Greyfriars, The Magnet & Billy Bunter  Facts and Figures
* Greyfriars Index Detailed listing of Hamilton's work
* The Friars Club  Enthusiasts’ Club
* The Magnet Detailed site about The Magnet
* Bunterzone  Enthusiasts’ site
* Index of Boys Weeklies
Perla Liberatori

**Perla Liberatori** (born November 10, 1981 in Rome) is an Italian voice actress. She voices characters in anime, cartoons and movies.

Liberatori is well known for providing the voice of both Stella and Chatta in the fantasy animated series *Winx Club*.She also voices Celia Hills in the Italian language version Inazuma Eleven anime series. 

She is married to voice actor Gianluca Crisafi. Liberatori is also well known for dubbing over many actresses.

## Voice work
### Anime and animation
* Stella, Chatta, and Zing in *Winx Club*
* Bubbles in *The Powerpuff Girls*
* Bubbles in *The Powerpuff Girls Movie*
* Bubbles in *Powerpuff Girls Z*
* Sarah in *Ed, Edd n Eddy* and ''Ed, Edd n Eddy's Big Picture Show*
* Melody (speaking voice) in *The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea*
* Andrina in *The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning*
* Senior Witch in *Kiki's Delivery Service*
* Sophie Casterwill in *Huntik: Secrets & Seekers*
* Jinx (1st voice) in *Teen Titans*
* Yumi Yoshimura in *Hi Hi Puffy AmiYumi*
* Iridessa in *Tinker Bell*
* Iridessa in *Tinker Bell and the Lost Treasure*
* Celia Hills in *Inazuma Eleven*
* Milly Thompson in *Trigun*
* Ferro in *Gunslinger Girl*
* Karin Hanazono in *Kamichama Karin*
* Kaname Chidori in *Full Metal Panic!* and *Full Metal Panic? Fumoffu*
* Courtney Martin in *Glenn Martin, DDS*
* Yuki Nagato in *The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya*
* Nagisa Misumi/Cure Black in *Pretty Cure*
* Nagisa Misumi/Cure Black in *Futari wa Pretty Cure Max Heart*
* Nagisa Misumi/Cure Black in *Futari wa Pretty Cure Max Heart: The Movie*
* Mindy in *The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie*
* Morgan le Fay in *Ah! My Goddess: The Movie*

### Live action shows and movies
* Lizzie McGuire in *Lizzie McGuire* and *The Lizzie McGuire Movie*
* Olivia Kendall (2nd voice) in *The Cosby Show*
* Griet in *Girl with a Pearl Earring*
* Charisse Dolittle in *Dr. Dolittle*
* Molly Pruitt in *Home Alone 3*
* Lindsay Gardner in *The O.C.*
* Paris Geller (2nd voice) and Janet Billing in *Gilmore Girls''

## References
## Other websites
*
Doda (singer)

**Dorota Aqualiteja Rabczewska**, nicknamed **Doda** or **Doda Elektroda**, (born February 15, 1984, in Ciechanów, Poland) is a famous Polish singer with one of the largest number of awards in Poland.  She was first known as a member of the Polish rock band **Virgin**. After the group disbanded she continued with a solo career releasing an album in 2007, called *Diamond Bitch* and another album *The Seven Temptations* which was released in 2011. She was featured on CNN, as the tenth most famous Pole in history. In 2011 Polish magazine Viva! put her among ten most influential women in Poland.

According to Forbes Poland, Doda was listed among the 100 most valuable stars of Polish show business every year from 2006 to 2014. She was also featured on CNN's 2008 list of the 10 most famous Poles in history, Machina's list of the 50 best Polish female singers in 2010, and Polish magazine Viva! listed her among the 10 most influential women in Poland in 2011. Wprost named Doda one of the 100 most influential Poles in 2011 and one of the 50 most influential Poles in 2019.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*
Mutsu Province

) with Mutsu Province highlighted]]

, also known as **Michinoku**,was an old province of Japan in the area of Fukushima, Miyagi, Iwate and Aomori Prefectures on the island of Honshū. It was also known as  or .

* **709** (*Wadō 2, 3rd month*):  Fighting against Imperial authority. 

* **712** (*Wadō 5*), Mutsu was separated from Dewa Province. 

* **869** (*Jōgan 10, 5th month*): An earthquake and tsunami caused more than 1,000 deaths.

* **1051** (*Eishō 6*): In Michinoku, the Nine Years War (1051–1062) begins. Minamoto no Yoriyoshi is named governor of Mutsu and he is given the title *chinjufu shōgun.*.

## Shrines and Temples
*Tsutsukowake jinja* and *Shiogama jinja* were the chief Shinto shrines (*ichinomiya*) of Mutsu.  

## Related pages
* Mutsu Province (1868)
* Provinces of Japan
* Prefectures of Japan
* List of regions of Japan
* List of islands of Japan
* Sanriku

## References
## Other websites 
* Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Snowstar Records

**Snowstar Records** is an independent Dutch record label based in Utrecht. The label was founded in 2003 by Cedric Muyres. **Snowstar** is specialised in Indie, singer/songwriter and folk. Signed artists include I Am Oak, Donna Blue, Jack Poels, Remy van Kesteren and broeder Dieleman.

## History
Since 2003 Snowstar Records  is active in the alternative pop music scene. Initially as a punk rock label operating from Limburg, but the focus shifted to indie, singer/songwriter, folk and americana. Since 2008 the label is based in Utrecht. With the release of I Am Oak, On Claws in 2010 the label obtained a high brand awareness.

Stefan Breuer (band member I Am Oak and Lost Bear) is involved in the production process (recording and mixing) by most of the releases from Snowstar Records, while Tammo kersbergen (also band member I Am Oak and Lost Bear) has provided much of the mastering.

In 2008 Snowstar Record celebrated their fiftieth anniversary with five new releases and a party in DB’s, Utrecht (the Netherlands).

## Awards
## Rest of the World / abroad
Snowstar is also building on their releases abroad, by working together with foreign labels.
The album from The Secret Love Parade is released in Japan and the albums from I Am Oak in Belgium and Germany.

## References
## Other websites 
* Official website
Bako Sahakyan

**Bako Sahakyan** (, sometimes transcribed as *Bako Sahakian* or *Saakian*, born August 30, 1960) is the fourth president of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. He replaced Arkadi Ghukasyan, who held the presidential post for two five-year terms.

## Biography
Sahakyan was born in Stepanakert, NKAO, Azerbaijan SSR in 1960. After serving in the Soviet army, he worked for nine years in a Stepanakert factory. In 1990, he joined the Nagorno-Karabakh Defense Army, of which he became a deputy commander. In 1999, he was named interior minister of Nagorno-Karabakh. He also led the Nagorno-Karabakh security service from 2001 to June 2007.

Bako Sahakyan is married and has two children.

## References
## Other websites 
* Official website of the President of the Nagorno Karabagh Republic
*High turnout in Nagorno-Karabakh
Akutan Zero

on July 11, 1942.]]

The **Akutan Zero**, also known as '''Koga's Zero** and the **Aleutian Zero''', was a type 0 model 21 Mitsubishi A6M Zero Japanese fighter plane. This type of airplane was the Imperial Japanese Navy's most common fighter plane during World War 2. It crashed on Akutan Island, Alaska Territory, during June 1942. It was the first flyable Zero that the United States got during the war. The Americans fixed the plane and test pilots flew it to find out how it worked. American tacticians were able to find ways to defeat the Zero.

Tadayoshi Koga was the pilot. He was a 19-year-old flight petty officer first class. He launched from the Japanese aircraft carrier Ryūjō as part of a June 4 1942 raid on Dutch Harbor, Alaska. Small gun fire cut the oil line in the plane. Without oil, the plane crashed and killed the pilot. The plane did not break apart in the crash. The pilots of other Zero planes flying with Koga thought that he might be alive. Because of this, they did not try to destroy his plane. The Americans got the plane in July.

The Akutan Zero was very important to the American war effort. Some said it may have been "one of the greatest prizes of the Pacific war". Japanese historian Masatake Okumiya thought that losing the Akutan Zero to the Americans was similar to Japan losing the Battle of Midway. He said it made Japan lose the war sooner. On the other hand, John Lundstrom is among those who do not agree with "the contention that it took dissection of Koga's Zero to create tactics that beat the fabled airplane".

The Akutan Zero was destroyed in a training accident in 1945. Parts of the plane are kept in several museums in the United States.

## References
## Further reading
* 
* 
* 
* Okumiya, Masatake, Jiro Horikoshi, and Martin Caidin. *Zero!* New York: E.P. Dutton & Co., 1956.
* 
* 
* 
* Rearden, Jim. "Koga's Zero—An Enemy Plane That Saved American Lives" . *Invention and Technology Magazine*. Volume 13, Issue 2, Fall 1997. Retrieved on 2008-12-09.
* 

## Other websites
* Bill Thies's website
* Zeros over China, 1941–1942. Ben Schapiro. The Warbird's Forum, May 2008—An article describing the capture and repair of Gerhard Neumann's Zero in China in 1941.
* War Prize: The Capture Of The First Japanese Zero Fighter In 1941. j-aircraft.com, December 3, 1999. A second article describing the capture and repair of Gerhard Neumann's Zero.
* Article on Yoshimitsu Maeda's crashed Zero
Ōmi Province

) with Omi Province highlighted]]

 is an old province of Japan in the area of Shiga Prefecture on the island of Honshū. It was also known as .

The ancient capital city of the province was near Ōtsu.

Lake Biwa in Ōmi is Japan's largest lake.

## History
 by Hiroshige illustrates the sailboats at Yahashi, one of the *Eight Views of Ōmi*, circa 1834]]
In the Kamakura period, Hōjō Tokimasa was made daimyo of Ōmi in 1200 (*Shōji 2*).

In the Sengoku Period, the northern part of the province was the fief of Ishida Mitsunari. After the Battle of Sekigahara, Ōmi was controlled by the Ii clan who built the castle and town of Hikone.

In the Edo period, the Tōkaidō road was the main route between the Imperial capital at Kyoto and the main city of the Tokugawa Shogunate.  The road passed through Ōmi.  

Eight of the 69 Stations of the Nakasendō were in Ōmi. 

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan and Ōmi Province were reformed in the 1870s.

## Shrines and Temples
*Takebe taisha* was the chief Shinto shrine (*ichinomiya*) of Ōmi.  

*Enryaku-ji* is one of the most important Buddhist centers.  The monastery is on Mount Hiei (*Hieizan*).

## Related pages
* Provinces of Japan
* Prefectures of Japan
* List of regions of Japan
* List of islands of Japan

## References
## Other websites 
* 
* Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Morrill Anti-Bigamy Act

The **Morrill Anti-Bigamy Act** (37th United States Congress, Sess. 2., ch. 126, ) was a federal law. A very disputed subject in the 1860s the act banned men having more than one wife at the same time (bigamy). It also limited the amount of property that a church and non-profit could own in any territory of the United States to $50,000. Justin Smith Morrill of Vermont sponsored it. President Abraham Lincoln signed it on July 8, 1862.

## History 
The act wanted to stop the Mormon practice of plural marriage and the property dominance of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in the Utah Territory. The measure had no funds allocated for enforcement. Lincoln chose not to enforce this law. Instead, Lincoln gave Brigham Young  permission to ignore the Morrill Act in exchange for not becoming involved with the Civil War. General Patrick Edward Connor, commanding officer of the federal forces garrisoned at Fort Douglas, Utah beginning in 1862 was explicitly instructed not to confront the Mormons over this or any other issue.

In 1878 the Supreme Court ruled in *Reynolds v. United States* that religious duty was not a suitable defense for breaking this law. Many Mormons went into hiding. The Morrill Anti-Bigamy Act was amended in 1882 by the Edmunds Act, and then again in 1887 by the Edmunds–Tucker Act. By 1904, the LDS church stopped bigamy.

## References
Iwase Province

is an old province in the area of western Fukushima Prefecture on the island of Honshū. The history of the province started in 718 and ended in 722 or 724.

## History
Iwase Province was created during the reign of Empress Genshō.  

The province was established in 718.  The area of the province reverted to Mutsu some time between 722 and 724.

## Related pages
* Provinces of Japan
* Prefectures of Japan
* List of regions of Japan
* List of islands of Japan

## References
## Other websites 
* Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Grover

**Grover** is a blue Muppet character on the popular television show *Sesame Street*. He calls himself lovable, cute and furry. He is a blue alien who rarely uses contractions when speaking or singing.

Grover was first performed by Frank Oz. He provided the character's voice regularly from his earliest appearances until 2001. Eric Jacobson began performing Grover in 1998. He has performed the character regularly since 2002, although Oz still performs him some times.

Grover's birthday is October 14.

## References
Mr. Johnson (Sesame Street)

**Mr. Johnson** is a character in *Sesame Street*. He is Grover's regular customer at Charlie's Restaurant and other restaurants as well. He is a fat Anything Muppet who has become increasingly frustrated over the years with the service Grover provides (however, in the earlier skits, the situation was reversed, Mr. Johnson was calm, but Grover was the one who would get exasperated). Mr. Johnson was mainly performed by Jerry Nelson, and is mostly seen as a customer at Charlie's Restaurant. Mr. Johnson is always called "Sir" politely by Grover.
Haemocyanin

: note the two Cu atoms]]
''). The purple colour is caused by haemocyanin]]

**Haemocyanin** (or **hemocyanin**) is a protein which transports oxygen in the bodies of some invertebrates. Their active centre has two copper atoms which reversibly bind a single oxygen molecule (O2). Unlike the hemoglobin in red blood cells found in vertebrates, hemocyanins are not bound to blood cells. The molecules are carried in the haemolymph. 

Hemocyanins are found only in the Mollusca and Arthropoda. However, the molecule is used only in a few insects. This is because insects evolved another system: the direct transfer of oxygen to tissues by a system of tubes called trachea. This delivers oxygen directly to the wing muscles and other organs.

## References
Cirrina

**Cirrina** is one of the two suborders of octopus. Cirrina is also known as the finned, deep sea octopus. They have two fins on the head and a small internal shell. The paddle shaped fins help the Cirrina swim through the ocean.

## References
Xtranormal

**Xtranormal** is a website that hosts text-to-speech based computer animated videoclips, featuring  animated three-dimensional characters speaking in monotone computer voices. Users who log into the site may create videos by scripting the dialog and choosing from a menu of camera angles and predesigned characters and scenes. and Xtranormal's animation software, called **State**, may be downloaded free and run offline.

Xtranormal launched in June 2010, after four years of earlier software development. Although it was originally intended as a way for filmmakers to quickly produce storyboards,

In 2010, the short movie *Sleeping with Charlie Kaufman* by director J. Roland Kelly, animated entirely with Xtranormal, premiered at the Little Rock Film Festival and was shown at The Rome International Film Festival in Rome, Georgia. Xtranormal videos form a recurring feature on the late night Fox talk show Red Eye w/ Greg Gutfeld, and have been featured as part of a GEICO advertising campaign.On July 31, 2013, Xtranormal was shut down officially. 

## References
## Other websites
*
Holly G. Frankel

**Holly G. Frankel** (born July 13, 1979), also known as **Holly Gauthier-Frankel**, is a Canadian voice actress, singer, and former Burlesque dancer.

She is the daughter of Ron Frankel and Mary Lou Gauthier. Frankel is best known being the voice of Fern in *Arthur*, Sagwa in *Sagwa the Chinese Siamese Cat*, Teri in later episodes of ''What's with Andy?*, Rita in *Hugo the Jungle Animal*, Lou Lou in *Wimzie's House*, Tessa in *The Triplets*, Gertie and Gloria in *The Little Lulu Show*, Julie and Dee Dee in *Caillou*, Belinda in *Mona the Vampire'' and Flora in the Cinélume's English dub of Winx Club. She is also known for her alter-ego as burlesque performer Miss Sugarpuss but retired her in 2016.

## Animation Voice Work
*Penelope Truehart - ''Fred's Head* TV series (2008)
*Ezekiel Zick - *Monster Allergy*
*Flora - *Winx Club* (Original English version by original producer)
*Gertie Green Bean and Gloria Goode Darling - *The Little Lulu Show* (1996-1998)
*Fern - *Arthur* (1996-2022) and *Postcards from Buster* (2004)
*Sagwa and Chung-nee - *Sagwa the Chinese Siamese Cat'' (2000)
*Lina's House Alarm - *Aqua Teen Hunger Force* (2000)
*Belinda - *Mona the Vampire* (1999-2003)
*Lou Lou - ''Wimzie's House* (1995-1996)
*Tessa and Various - *The Triplets* (1996-1999)
*Various - *Miffy: Colors, Numbers and Shapes* (1996)
*Various - *The Secret World of Santa Claus* (1997)
*Teri - *What's with Andy?* (2003)
*Julie and Dee Dee - *Caillou* (1997-2000)
*Dewitt - *Will and Dewitt*
*Check-out Girl/Marcie - *X-Chromosome* (1999)
*Rita the Fox - *Hugo the Jungle Animal* (American movie series) (1993-1996)
*Vladanna - *Still Life* (computer game) (2005)
*Dewitt - *Will and Dewitt''

## References
Ricky Gervais

**Ricky Dene Gervais** (born 25 June 1961) is an English actor, comedian, director and writer.

Gervais was born and raised in Reading, Berkshire, England. He was half of 1970s New Wave duo Seona Dancing. He is known for television series including ''The 11 O'Clock Show*, *The Office*, *Meet Ricky Gervais*, *Extras*, *An Idiot Abroad*, *Life's Too Short* and *Derek''. He wrote a children's book, *Flanimals*. He has performed stand-up shows *Animals*, *Politics*, *Fame* and *Science*. He has starred in movies: *Ghost Town*, *The Invention of Lying* and *Cemetery Junction*. He has won seven BAFTA awards and two Emmy awards.

Gervais hosted the Golden Globe Awards in 2010, 2011 and 2012.

## Personal life
He is an atheist. He lives between Hampstead, England, and New York City with his partner, producer and author Jane Fallon. Gervais has said that they aren't going to get married because "there's no point in us having an actual ceremony before the eyes of God because there is no God". They have also chosen not to have children.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
*Official website
*Twitter
Shimōsa Province

was an old province of Japan in the area of Chiba Prefecture and Ibaraki Prefecture on the island of Honshū.  It was also known as  or . 

The province had borders with Kazusa  Province to the south, Musashi and Kōzuke Provinces to the west, and Hitachi and Shimotsuke Provinces to the north. 

## History
Shimōsa was part of a larger territory known as . Fusa which was divided into Kazusa and Shimōsa during the reign of Emperor Kōtoku (645-654).  

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan and Shimōsa Province were reformed in the 1870s.

## Shrines and Temples
*Katori jinja* was the chief Shinto shrine (*ichinomiya*) of Shimōsa.  

## Related pages
* Provinces of Japan
* Prefectures of Japan
* List of regions of Japan
* List of islands of Japan

## References
## Other websites 
* Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Maynard Ferguson

**Maynard Ferguson** (May 4, 1928 – August 23, 2006) was a Canadian jazz musician and bandleader. He was born in Verdun, Quebec. He came to prominence playing in Stan Kenton's orchestra, before forming his own band in 1957. He was noted for being able to play accurately in a remarkably high register, and for his bands, which served as stepping stones for up-and-coming talent. He died in Ventura, California.

## Discography  (selected) 
* *Jazz Masters 52: Maynard Ferguson* (Verve Records, 1951-1957)
* *The New Sounds of Maynard Ferguson and His Orchestra* (Fresh Sound, 1964)
* *Chameleon* (Columbia Records, 1974(P))
* *Conquistador* (Columbia Records, 1977)
* *Carnival* (Columbia Records, 1978)
* *Live from San Francisco* (Rhino, 1983)
* *These Cats Can Swing* (Concord Records, 1994) with Tom Garling
* *One More Trip to Birdland* (Concord, 1996)
* *Brass Attitude* (Concord, 1998)