open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Grant, Alabama

**Grant** is a town in Marshall County, in the northeast of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population of Grant was 1,039.

## References
Taken (movie)

***Taken*** is a 2008 French action thriller movie directed by Pierre Morel and produced by Luc Besson. 

A 17 year old American girl goes to Paris on holiday. She is kidnapped by an Albanian gang of sex traffickers. Her father rescues her. 

It stars Liam Neeson, Maggie Grace, Leland Orser, Jon Gries, David Warshofsky, Holly Valance, Katie Cassidy, Xander Berkeley, Olivier Rabourdin, Gérard Watkins, and Famke Janssen. 

It was released on 27 February 2008 in France and on 30 January 2009 in the United States. A sequel, *Taken 2*, was released on 3 October 2012.

## Other websites 
*
René Préval

**René Garcia Préval**  (; January 17, 1943 &ndash; March 3, 2017) was a Haitian politician and agronomist. He was twice President of the Republic of Haiti. The 2010 Haiti earthquake occurred during his presidency. He and his wife, First Lady Elisabeth Delatour Préval, survived the earthquake, when the couple was about to enter the presidential palace when the earthquake struck, which destroyed the palace.

He served from February 7, 1996 to February 7, 2001, and from May 14, 2006 to May 14, 2011. He was also Prime Minister from February 1991 to October 11, 1991.

## References
## Other websites
Taken 3

***Taken 3*** is a French action thriller movie. It was directed by Olivier Megaton. It was produced by Luc Besson. It stars Liam Neeson, Maggie Grace, Forest Whitaker, and Famke Janssen. It was released on 9 January 2015.

The soundtrack was composed by Nathaniel Méchaly.

## Plot
The ex-CIA agent Bryan Mills (Liam Neeson) has an ordeal behind that after his daughter was kidnapped by Albanian sex traffickers (*Taken*) and he had to rescue his family from the clutches of the vengeful Albanians (*Taken 2*), this time he even persecuted. His wife is murdered by unknown people who manage to make it appear as the main suspect. He manages his arrest to come before, but the wily Inspector Franck Dotzler (Forest Whitaker) attaches itself to his heels. Mills must succeed to find the mastermind behind the murder before Dotzler tightens the noose around him and before his wife's killer may also jeopardize his daughter. He is a hunter and hunted at the same time and all he can demonstrate are his exceptional ability and talent.

## Other websites
* Taken 3 on Internet Movie Database
* Official website
2014 United Kingdom local elections

The 2014 **United Kingdom local elections** were held on 22 May 2014. It was on the same day as the European elections.

## Results
*2,121 Labour Party Councillors were elected (up 324), 
*1,364 Conservatives (down 236), 
*427 Liberal Democrats (down 310), 
*163 UK Independence Party (up 161), 
*38 Greens (up 18), 
*53 Residents Association (up 14), 
*18 Tower Hamlets First (up 18), 
*2 Liberal Party (down 2), 
*1 British National Party (down 1), 
*1 Independent Community and Health Concern (down 2), 
*71 Independents (up 18) were elected.

## References
Yukon Legislative Assembly

The **Yukon Legislative Assembly** is the legislative assembly for Yukon, Canada. It has 19 elected members. It is presided over by the Speaker of the Yukon Legislative Assembly. There are five political parties in the territory. Three parties are represented in the legislature. The Yukon Liberal Party has a majority of the seats.

The assembly was created in 1977 by the Yukon Elections Act. Members to the assembly were first elected in a general election in 1978. The Legislative Assembly is the only legislature of Canada's territories that has political parties. The legislature for the Northwest Territories and Nunavut follow a consensus government without political parties.

## References
The Garth Brooks Collection

***The Garth Brooks Collection*** is the first compilation album by Garth Brooks. The album was released on September 2, 1994.
Agloe, New York

**Agloe, New York** is a made-up town in New York. It was created in the 1930s by the General Drafting Company to use in their maps as a copyright trap - a false fact that is created to see if someone copied from that source.
Agloe has an important role in the book *Paper Towns* by John Green. The population of Agloe is 1 in the book Paper Towns.

## References
Hazel McCallion

**Hazel McCallion**, née **Journeaux**, CM (February 14, 1921 – January 29, 2023) was a Canadian politician. She served as the mayor of Mississauga, Ontario. McCallion was first elected in November 1978, and was the longest serving mayor in the city's history. She retired in 2014.

## References
## Other websites
* Mayor's Office
* Order of Canada Citation 
* The Hazel McCallion Academic Learning Centre
Konyang University

**Konyang University** (건양대학교; RR: Geonyang), located in Nonsan, South Korea, is a private university.  It was founded in 1991.

Konyang University has campuses in Nonsan and Daejeon. The Nonsan campus is the main campus.  It is the location of the university's new College of Interdisciplinary and Creative Studies.  

The Daejeon campus has programs in Western medicine, medical technology, and nursing. In 2013, Konyang began the first Korean program in Medical Space Design & Management.  The university  is accredited by the Korean Council for University Education.  The Daejeon campus also hosts the Konyang Cyber University, the president of which is Lee Won-mook.

The university's founder and long-time president was Dr. Kim Hi-soo. He was given the 2006 South Korean Mugunghwa Order of Civil Merit Medal (국민훈상무궁화장) prize for outstanding citizen, for his work in supporting education. In September of 2017, Chung Yeon-ju became president.   Kim Yong-ha is the current president.

## References
Metropolismania

***Metropolismania*** known in Japan as ***Mach-ing Maker*** is a city-building/strategy game video game published by Natsume (NA), Ubisoft (EU) and developed by Media Factory. 

The game was released on September 27, 2001 in Japan, October 3, 2002 in North America, and on November 8, 2002 in Europe. Later, the spin-off is ***Mach-ing Maker DS*** is released on Nintendo DS. Another sequel, called ***Metropolismania 3***, was released for the PlayStation Portable in Japan only. And the final sequel called ***Metropolismania 4***, has released in 2010 for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360.

## Reception
IGN rated the game a 6.5 out of 10 GameSpot rated the game a 7 out of 10 stars

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Oblivion (2013 movie)

***Oblivion*** is a 2013 American science-fiction movie directed by Joseph Kosinski. It stars Tom Cruise, Morgan Freeman, Andrea Riseborough, Olga Kurylenko, and Melissa Leo. The movie was released in the U.S. on April 19, 2013.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Branch Rickey

**Wesley Branch Rickey** (December 20, 1881 – December 9, 1965) was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) executive. He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1967.

He was best known for breaking Major League Baseball's color barrier by signing African American player Jackie Robinson, for drafting the first Afro-Hispanic superstar, Roberto Clemente, for creating the framework for the modern minor league farm system, for encouraging the Major Leagues to add new teams through his involvement in the proposed Continental League, and for introducing the batting helmet.

## Further reading
*''Branch Rickey: Baseball's Ferocious Gentleman'', by Lee Lowenfish (University of Nebraska Press); winner of the Seymour Medal for 2008, nominee for 2007 CASEY Award, Roy Kaplan's Baseball Bookshelf
* *Branch Rickey: A Biography* by Murray Polner Atheneum; Signet; and MacFarland, publishers
* *Branch Rickey* by Jimmy Breslin; Viking 2011

## Other websites
*
Red Barber

**Walter Lanier "Red" Barber** (February 17, 1908 – October 22, 1992) was an American sports commentator.

Barber, nicknamed ''"The Ol' Redhead"'', by the radio broadcasts of Major League Baseball. He broadcasted for forty years with the Cincinnati Reds (193438), Brooklyn Dodgers (19391953), and New York Yankees (19541966).

## Further reading
* 

## Other websites
* Baseball Memories: The Red Barber Centennial - NPR Morning Edition Feb. 15, 2008
* Fan essay on Red Barber 
* Baseball Hall of Fame - Frick Award recipient 
* 
* Red Barber Collection at University of Florida's George A. Smathers Libraries
* Red Barber Radio Scholarship 
* 
* Audio: Barber calls Cookie Lavagetto's base hit in Game 4 of the 1947 World Series 
* Audio: Barber calls Al Gionfriddo's catch in Game 6 of the 1947 World Series
Efraín Ríos Montt

**José Efraín Ríos Montt** (; June 16, 1926 &ndash; April 1, 2018) was a Guatemalan politician. He was President of Guatemala from 1982 to 1983. An army general, his time in office was marked by the Guatemalan Civil War. Years later, he served as president of Congress. His daughter is former congresswoman and presidential candidate Zury Ríos.

Ríos Montt died in Guatemala City on April 1, 2018 of a heart attack at the age of 91.

## References
## Other websites
*Biography by CIDOB
Stockdale, Ohio

**Stockdale** is an unincorporated community in southern Marion Township, Pike County, Ohio, United States. Its zip code is 45683.

## References
Sana Bukas pa ang Kahapon

***Sana Bukas pa ang Kahapon*** is a Philippine television drama series. It is broadcast by ABS-CBN starring Bea Alonzo.

## Cast
* **Bea Alonzo** as Rose Buenavista-Salvador / Atty. Emmanuelle Gaspar-Romero
* **Paulo Avelino** as Patrick Salvador
* **Albert Martinez** as Leo Romero
* **Susan Roces** as Ruth Gaspar
* **Anita Linda** as Lola Patchi
* **Eddie Garcia** as Magno Ruiz
* **Dina Bonnevie** as Laura Bayle-Buenavista
* **Tonton Gutierrez** as Carlos Syquia / Señor Muerte
* **Maricar Reyes** as Sasha Syquia-Salvador
* **Miguel Vergara** as Francisco Miguel "Kit" Romero
* **Michelle Vito** as Violet Buenavista
* **Francis Magundayao** as Sebastian Syquia
* **Malou Crisologo** as Yaya Divine
* **Nikki Valdez** as Rocky Gomez
* **Ben Isaac** as Banjo
* **Angeline Quinto** as Angie
* **Rolly Inocencio** as Buenavista family attorney
* **Jong Cuenco** as Mr. Abueva
* **Jordan Herrera** as Ramon
* **Art Acuña**
* **Jon Lucas** as Jester
* **Yves Flores**
* **Chienna Filomeno** as Pauleen
* **Elisse Joson** as Erica
* **Paulo Angeles** as Ryan
* **Joem Bascon** as Gerald
* **Bembol Roco** as Fidel de Guzman
* **Chinggoy Alonzo** as Henry Buenavista
* **Christian Vasquez** as young Henry Buenavista
* **Precious Lara Quigaman** as Jasmine Ruiz-Buenavista
* **Dominic Ochoa** as Emmanuelle's father
* **Dimples Romana** as Emmanuelle's mother
* **William Lorenzo** as Carlos' father
* **Alexandra Macanan** as young Rose Buenavista
* **Dexie Daulat** as young Emmanuelle Gaspar
* **Nathaniel Britt** as young Leo Romero
* **Dominic Roque** as teenage Leo Romero
* **Yayo Aguila** as young Ruth Gaspar
* **Ricardo Cepeda** as young Magno Ruiz
* **Bangs Garcia** as young adult Laura Bayle
* **Ron Morales** as young adult Carlos Syquia
* **Yogo Singh** as young Carlos Syquia

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Bobby Womack

**Robert Dwayne "Bobby" Womack** (; March 4, 1944 &ndash; June 27, 2014) was an American singer-songwriter and musician.

## Early life 
Womack was born in Cleveland, Ohio, the third of five brothers. His younger brothers were musicians Cecil (1947-2013) and Harry (1945-1974).

## Career 
Womack's styles of music included: R&B, soul, rock and roll, doo-wop, gospel, and country. He worte and recorded The Rolling Stones' first UK No. 1 hit, "It's All Over Now". As a singer, he is most notable for the hits "Lookin' For a Love", "That's The Way I Feel About Cha", "Woman's Gotta Have It", "Harry Hippie", "Across 110th Street" and "You Think You're Lonely Now". He was added to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2009.

## Family and personal life 
In 1965, Womack married Sam Cooke's widow Barbara Campbell. The couple had a son who committed suicide in 1988. The couple divorced in 1976 after she shot at Womack after finding out he had an affair with her daughter. Womack had a son and daughter by his third wife. He had two sons by another woman. His brother Cecil married Linda Womack, the daughter of Sam Cooke and Barbara Campbell.

## Drug abuse, health problems and death 
In his memoir ''I'm a Midnight Mover'', he opened up about his drug use and became a cocaine addict in the 1970s. After going to rehab in the late 1980s, he stopped using the drug.

Womack died on June 27, 2014 at the age of 70 in Tarzana, California. The cause of death is not known. He had diabetes, prostate cancer, heart disease, colon cancer, pneumonia and Alzheimer's disease.

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* Bobby Womack interview by Pete Lewis, 'Blues & Soul' August 1994 (republished June 2008)
* Angelfire Biography
* Soul Patrol Biography 
* Soulwalking website
Chuck Noll

**Charles Henry** "**Chuck**" **Noll** (January 5, 1932 &ndash; June 13, 2014) was an American football player and coach in the National Football League (NFL). He played for Cleveland Browns from 1953 to 1959. He was the only head coach for the Pittsburgh Steelers from 1969 to 1991. He has more Super Bowl wins (4) than any other head coach in NFL history, and was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1993.

Noll was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He went to the University of Dayton on a football scolarship.

Noll died on June 13, 2014 in Sewickley, Pennsylvania, aged 82. He had Alzheimer's disease and heart disease.

## References
## Other websites
* Chuck Noll at Pro Football Hall of Fame
Kyrie Irving

**Kyrie Andrew Irving** (; born March 23, 1992) is an Australian born-American professional basketball player for the Dallas Mavericks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He formerly played for the Cleveland Cavaliers, Brooklyn Nets and the Boston Celtics. He has 2 nephews Navion Flowers and Kenyan Mackroy.

Kyrie Irving also has 2 nephews, Navion Flowers and Kenyan Mackroy. 

On October 1, 2023, Irving began his run for vice president with Jason Karroll in the 2024 Libertarian Party.

## References
## Other websites
*
H II region

, a giant H&nbsp;II region in the Triangulum galaxy]]
, a giant H&nbsp;II region in the Large Magellanic Cloud]]

An **H&nbsp;II region** is a region where huge blue stars are formed from hydrogen. They are named after the ionised atomic hydrogen which they produce: H&nbsp;II.

The stars form inside a large cloud of hydrogen gas. The short-lived blue stars formed in these regions give off huge amounts of ultraviolet light. This ionizes the surrounding gas. 

H&nbsp;II regions can be several hundred light-years across. The first known H&nbsp;II region was the Orion nebula, which was discovered in 1610. These regions have extremely varied shapes. They often appear clumpy and filamentary, sometimes showing bizarre shapes such as the Horsehead nebula. 

H&nbsp;II regions give birth to thousands of stars over several million years. Eventually, this produces a  star cluster. In the end, supernova explosions and strong stellar winds from the most massive stars blow away the gases of the H&nbsp;II region. This leaves behind a cluster of stars such as the Pleiades.

H&nbsp;II regions can be seen at huge distances in the universe.The study of extragalactic H&nbsp;II regions helps to fix the distance and chemical composition of other galaxies. 

Spiral and irregular galaxies have many H&nbsp;II regions, while elliptical galaxies have almost none. In spiral galaxies, like the Milky Way, H&nbsp;II regions are found in the spiral arms, but in the irregular galaxies they are distributed at random. 

Some galaxies have huge H&nbsp;II regions, with tens of thousands of stars. Examples include the 30 Doradus region in the Large Magellanic Cloud and NGC 604 in the Triangulum galaxy.

## References
Grey market

A **grey market** (or **parallel market**) is a market where goods are sold legally, but outside the commonly-used channels and at lower prices. They are sold without the permission of the manufacturer. Consumers buying grey market goods risk not having warranties honored. They risk getting user guides and software in the wrong language. Packages may not include all accessories needed for a particular market. Sometimes grey market goods are sold without packaging, user guides or needed accessories. There is usually no after-sale support for products. Grey market products are often sold via the Internet without charging customers any sales tax. Products sold by grey marketers generally sell for much less than authorized dealers. This causes a loss of tax revenue to governments.

## References
Dying Young

***Dying Young*** is a 1991 American romantic drama movie. The movie is based on a novel of the same name. It is about a 28 year old leukemia patient named Victor. Julia Roberts plays Hilary, who is hired as his nurse. Ellen Burstyn plays her eccentric mother. Colleen Dewhurst plays Estelle.

It got negative reviews from the critics. It holds a 23% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Its box office intake was high.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Rolf M. Zinkernagel

**Rolf Martin Zinkernagel** AC, FAA (born January 6, 1944) is a Swiss immunologist at the University of Zurich. 

He is best known for his discovery of how the immune system recognizes virus-infected cells. For his discovery, Zinkernagel shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Peter C. Doherty in 1996.

## References
Bandy World Championship for men

The **Bandy World Championship** is a competition between bandy-playing nations. The tournament is administered by the Federation of International Bandy.

Bandy has been played since the 19th century, but the first world championship for men were only played in 1957, and the first world championship for women were only played in 2004. 

Bandy was held as a demonstration sport at the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo. This Olympic bandy tournament had no world championship status.

The first ever Bandy World Championship was organised in 1957. It was played at the Helsinki Olympic Stadium in Finland.

From 19612003, the bandy world championship for men were played once every two years, but since 2003 the bandy world championship for men has been played once every year.

## Past champions
* 1957  Soviet Union
* 1958 *no world championship*
* 1959 *no world championship*
* 1960 *no world championship*
* 1961  Soviet Union
* 1962 *no world championship*
* 1963  Soviet Union
* 1964 *no world championship*
* 1965  Soviet Union
* 1966 *no world championship*
* 1967  Soviet Union
* 1968 *no world championship*
* 1969  Soviet Union
* 1970 *no world championship*
* 1971  Soviet Union
* 1972 *no world championship*
* 1973  Soviet Union
* 1974 *no world championship*
* 1975  Soviet Union
* 1976 *no world championship*
* 1977  Soviet Union
* 1978 *no world championship*
* 1979  Soviet Union
* 1980 *no world championship*
* 1981  Sweden
* 1982 *no world championship*
* 1983  Sweden
* 1984 *no world championship*
* 1985  Soviet Union
* 1986 *no world championship*
* 1987  Sweden
* 1988 *no world championship*
* 1989  Soviet Union
* 1990 *no world championship*
* 1991  Soviet Union
* 1992 *no world championship*
* 1993  Sweden
* 1994 *no world championship*
* 1995  Sweden
* 1996 *no world championship*
* 1997  Sweden
* 1998 *no world championship*
* 1999  Russia
* 2000 *no world championship*
* 2001  Russia
* 2002 *no world championship*
* 2003  Sweden
* 2004  Finland
* 2005  Sweden
* 2006  Russia
* 2007  Russia
* 2008  Russia
* 2009  Sweden
* 2010  Sweden
* 2011  Russia
* 2012  Sweden
* 2013  Russia
* 2014  Russia
* 2015  Russia
* 2016  Russia
* 2017  Sweden
Patty Mills

**Patrick Sammy** "**Patty**" **Mills** (born 11 August 1988) is an Australian professional basketball player. He plays for the Brooklyn Nets of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He is the second Indigenous Australian to play basketball in the NBA (after Nathan Jawai). He is also the first person of Torres Strait Islander ancestry to play in the NBA.

Mills was born in Canberra to a Torres Strait Islander father and an Aboriginal Australian mother.

## References
## Other wesbsites
Alfred G. Gilman

**Alfred Goodman Gilman** (July 1, 1941 &ndash; December 23, 2015) was an American pharmacologist and biochemist. 

He discovered G-proteins.

## References
OB star

. These stars are from the main sequence]]
 is one of the OB associations present in the Large Magellanic Cloud.]]

**OB stars** are hot, massive blue stars. They are stars of types O or B in the HertzsprungRussell diagram. 

Like other giant stars they are short lived, and do not move far from where they were formed. During their lifetime, they emit huge amounts of ultraviolet radiation. This radiation ionizes the surrounding interstellar gas of the nebula, forming an H II region.

## References 
*

## Other websites
* Scientia Astrophysical Organization's star classification page. http://www.astrophysical.org/starclassification.php 
* Philippe Stee's homepage: Hot and active stars research
Phạm Huỳnh Tam Lang

**Phạm Huỳnh Tam Lang** (14 February 1942 &ndash; 2 June 2014) was a Vietnamese football player and coach. He played for the teams Cho Lon Stars, Sai Gon Port and the South Vietnam national team in a twenty year career. He would later manage  Sai Gon Port. 

Lang was born in Gò Công, French Indochina during World War II. 

Lang died from a stroke on 2 June 2014 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, aged 75.

## References
Eric F. Wieschaus

**Eric Francis Wieschaus** (born June 8, 1947) is an American developmental biologist. 

A lot of Wieschaus' research focuses on embryogenesis (early development of things in utero) in the fruit fly *Drosophila melanogaster* and it specifically focuses on the patterning which occurs in the early Drosophila embryo. 

In 1995, Wieschaus shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Edward B. Lewis and Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard "for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development".

## References
Ted Goulait

**Theodore Lee** "**Ted**" **Goulait** (August 12, 1889 &ndash; July 15, 1936) was an American baseball pitcher. He played one Major League Baseball match for the New York Giants in September 1912. He also played for many other teams in minor league competitions such as the Marion Diggers, the Springfield Reapers, the Toronto Maple Leafs, the Wilkes-Barre Barons and the Memphis Chicks. He was born in St. Clair, Michigan.

Goulait died on July 15, 1936 in his hometown of St. Clair. He was 46.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Géry Leuliet

**Géry-Jacques-Charles Leuliet** (12 January 1910 &ndash; 1 January 2015) was a French prelate of the Roman Catholic Church and the oldest bishop of the Catholic Church at 104 years of age.

Leuliet was born in Richebourg-l'Avoué. He was ordained to the priesthood on 8 July 1933, in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Arras. He was appointed Bishop of Amiens on 14 February 1963 and received his episcopal consecration on 9 May 1963.

Leuliet retired on 15 January 1985 and turned 100 on 12 January 2010 as the bishop's dean in France. Upon the death of Nguyen Van Thien on 13 May 2012, he became the oldest bishop in the world.

## References
## Other websites
*Catholic-Hierarchy
*Diocese Site  (French)
Stanley B. Prusiner

**Stanley Benjamin Prusiner** (born May 28, 1942) is an American neurologist and biochemist. Prusiner currently works at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) as the director of the Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Prusiner won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1997 "for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection".

## References
Bernard Ferdinand Popp

**Bernard Ferdinand Popp** (December 6, 1917 – June 27, 2014) was an American Bishop of the Roman Catholic Church. 

Popp was born in Nada, Texas in 1917. He was ordained a priest on February 24, 1943 in San Antonio, Texas. Popp was appointed Auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of San Antonio Texas along with Titular Bishop of Capsus on June 3, 1983 and consecrated July 25, 1983. 

Bishop Popp retired as Auxiliary bishop of San Antonio March 23, 1993. He died on June 27, 2014, aged 96.

## References
Ansel Elgort

**Ansel Elgort** (born March 14, 1994) is an American actor, singer and DJ. As an actor, he is best known for playing Tommy Ross in *Carrie* (2013), Caleb Prior in *Divergent* (2014), Augustus Waters in *The Fault in Our Stars* (2014) and Baby / Miles in *Baby Driver* (2017). As a musician, he is known by his stage name **Ansølo**.

Elgort was born in New York City, New York. His father is Arthur Elgort, a photographer who has worked for *Vogue*. His mother is Grethe Barrett Holby, an opera director. He has Russian Jewish, English, German and Norwegian ancestry. He has been dating his girlfriend, Violetta Komyshan, since high school.

## References
## Other websites
* Official music site
* 
*
Peter Leo Gerety

**Peter Leo Gerety** (July 19, 1912 &ndash; September 20, 2016) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was Archbishop of Newark from 1974 to 1986, having previously served as Bishop of Portland (1969–74). At age 104, he was the oldest living Catholic bishop in the United States and the oldest living Catholic archbishop in the world until his death in 2016. 

He died in Totowa, New Jersey, on September 20, 2016, and was the world's oldest living Catholic bishop at the time.

## References
Brendan Gleeson

**Brendan Gleeson** (born 29 March 1955) is an Irish actor. His best known movies include *Braveheart*, *Gangs of New York*, *In Bruges*, *28 Days Later*, *Troy*, the *Harry Potter* movies, *The Guard*, the role of Michael Collins in *The Treaty* and as Knuckles in *Paddington 2*. For his role in the 2022 movie *The Banshees of Inisherin*, he was nominated for a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.

## References
Nuon Chea

**Nuon Chea** (; 7 July 1926 &ndash; 4 August 2019) was a Cambodian communist politician. He was also known as **Long Bunruot** () and **Brother Number Two**. He was the second most powerful person in the Khmer Rouge, which committed the Cambodian genocide. 

Nuon Chea was the chief ideologist of the Khmer Rouge regime. When he died in 2019, he was the highest-ranking member of the Khmer Rouge who was still alive.  

## Life
He was born in 1926 and was given the name Lao Kim Lorn. He was put on trial for crimes against humanity and genocide. He was tried with another important Khmer Rouge leader, Khieu Samphan.  

In 2014, Nuon Chea was sentenced to life in prison for his crimes against humanity. Later, in November 2018, he was convicted of the crime of genocide. He appealed his prison sentences, but died before the appeals were completed. After he died, his lawyers tried to get his guilty convictions removed, but they did not succeed. 

## Death
Nuon Chea died on August 4, 2019 at the Khmer-Soviet Friendship Hospital in Phnom Penh, aged 93. Though he was still in prison, he had been hospitalized since July 2 because his body was not delivering blood properly to his toe. As a result, his toe got infected. The infection spread to his bloodstream, and he developed a septic shock. This killed him, probably by causing several of his organs to fail. 

### Cremation
His body was later brought to Sala Krau, Pailin, before cremation according to Buddhist tradition, a religion he persecuted.

## References
Bernard Joseph McLaughlin

**Bernard Joseph McLaughlin** (November 19, 1912 &ndash; January 5, 2015) was an American Bishop of the Roman Catholic Church to Buffalo, New York. He was the second oldest American Bishop behind Peter Leo Gerety of Trenton, New Jersey.

McLaughlin died at the age of 102 in Buffalo, New York.

## References
Meshach Taylor

**Meshach Taylor** (April 11, 1947 &ndash; June 28, 2014) was an American actor. He is best known for his Emmy Award-nominated role as Anthony Bouvier on the CBS hit sitcom *Designing Women* (1986&ndash;1993). He also played Hollywood Montrose, a flamboyant window dresser, in the romantic comedy movie *Mannequin* (1987).

Taylor was born in Boston, Massachusetts to African American parents. He was raised in New Orleans, Louisiana. He graduated from Florida A&M University in 1993. Until his death, he had been married to actress, Bianca Ferguson since 1983. They had four children (three daughters and a son).

Taylor died from colorectal cancer on June 28, 2014 in Altadena, California, aged 67. The cancer was terminal.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Cape Penck

**Cape Penck** is an ice-covered point on the coast of Antarctica. Cape Penck is just east of Philippi Glacier. It was named for Albrecht Penck, who was a German geographer.

## References
Seoul Metropolitan Subway

**Seoul Metropolitan Subway**, often called the **Seoul Subway**, is a rail transit system of underground trains and commuter trains that connects Seoul to nearby suburbs.

The system has 22 lines that are named after numbers (Line 1, Line 2, all the way to Line 9). It also has Gyeongui Line, Bundang Line, Shinbundang Line, A'REX, Jungang Line, Gyeongchun Line, Suin Line, Incheon Line 1, Everline, and U Line.

Since 2010, all stations have smartphone-like 46-inch touchscreen kiosks so passengers can look at maps, make free phone calls, and find tourist information. All lines use special RFID cards, such as T-money, or NFC technology where passengers can pay fees.

## Lines in Service
## Related pages
* Busan subway
East Antarctica

**East Antarctica**, also called **Greater Antarctica**, is the largest part (two-thirds) of the Antarctic continent. It is on the Indian Ocean side of the Transantarctic Mountains. It is the coldest, windiest, and driest part of Earth.

East Antarctica includes the following areas: Coats Land, Queen Maud Land, Enderby Land, Kemp Land, Mac. Robertson Land, Princess Elizabeth Land, Kaiser Wilhelm II Land, Queen Mary Land, Wilkes Land, Adélie Land, George V Land, Oates Land and Victoria Land. All but a small portion of this region lies within the Eastern Hemisphere.

## References
Princess Elizabeth Land

**Princess Elizabeth Land** is part of Antartica. It is located between longitude 73° east and Cape Penck 87°43' east. It includes the land from latitude 64°56'S and the South Pole. It is divided into two sectors:
* Ingrid Christensen Coast, 73°35'E to 81°24'E
* Leopold and Astrid Coast 81°24'E to 87°43'E
It is bounded on the west by Mac. Robertson Land and on the east by Kaisar Wilhelm II Land.

The land was discovered in 1931. It was named after Princess Elizabeth of the United Kingdom, who later became Queen Elizabeth II.

It is part of the Australian Antarctic Territory.
Ferid Murad

**Ferid Murad** (September 14, 1936 &ndash; September 4, 2023) was an American physician and pharmacologist. He was born to Albanian parents.

Murad was best known for his discoveries which concern the cyclic GMP as a signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1997 for his discoveries. He shared the prize with Robert F. Furchgott and Louis Ignarro.

Murad died in Menlo Park, California, on September 4, 2023, ten days before his 87th birthday.

## Related pages
* List of European scientists

## References
Active galactic nucleus

image of a 5000-light-year-long (1.5-kiloparsec-long) jet being ejected from the active nucleus of the active galaxy M87, a radio galaxy. The blue synchrotron radiation of the jet contrasts with the yellow starlight from the host galaxy.]]

An **active galactic nucleus** (**AGN**) is a compact region at the centre of a galaxy. This central region radiates huge luminosity over the electromagnetic spectrum.  The radiation from an AGN is thought to be caused by mass dragged in by the gravitational pull of a supermassive black hole at the centre of the host galaxy.

This electromagnetic radiation is observed in the radio, microwaves, infrared, optical, ultra-violet, X-ray and gamma ray wavebands. 

A galaxy hosting an AGN is called an **active galaxy**. AGN are the most luminous and persistent sources of electromagnetic radiation in the universe. They can be used to discover distant objects. All theories about  the cosmos have to account for AGNs. They are one of the basic facts about the universe.

So-called relativistic jets are extremely powerful jets of plasma which come from some AGNs, notably radio galaxies and quasars. Their lengths can reach several thousand or even hundreds of thousands of light years.

## References
Louis Ignarro

**Louis J. Ignarro** (born May 31, 1941) is an American pharmacologist.

Ignarro is best known for his discoveries which concern the nitric oxide as a signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1998 for his discoveries. He shared the prize with Robert F. Furchgott and Ferid Murad.

Ignarro is an avid cyclist and marathoner, he has completed 13 marathons. He is married and lives in Beverly Hills, California.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Niels Kaj Jerne

**Niels Kaj Jerne** FRS (December 23, 1911 – October 7, 1994) was a Danish immunologist.

Jerne won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Georges J. F. Köhler and César Milstein in 1957. They won it "[f]or theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies". His second wife was treated as a servant and nanny by Jerne. He was regularly unfaithful to his wives, and even though he was not physically handsome, he had attracted women by his charm as a conversationalist and his skills in the arts of love, which included a liking for sadism.

## References
George Davis Snell

**George Davis Snell** (December 19, 1903 – June 6, 1996) was an American mouse geneticist and basic transplant immunologist.

Snell won the Wolf Prize in Medicine in 1978. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1980 with Baruj Benacerraf and Jean Dausset. They won it "for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions".

Snell was born on December 19, 1903 in Bradford, Massachusetts. He was the youngest of three children. In 1926, Snell received a Bachelor's degree from Dartmouth College. After recommendation by John Gerould, his genetics professor at Dartmouth, Snell completed graduate work at Harvard University where he worked with William E. Castle. In 1930, Snell earned his PhD from Harvard. After he earned his PhD, he worked at Brown University from 1930 to 1931. After he left, he spent two years at the University of Texas as a postdoctoral fellow. He worked with H. J. Muller, a pioneer of radiation genetics (and later, a Nobel Prize winner). Snell worked at WUSTL as a teacher from 1933 to 1934. After he had some short stints as a teacher, Snell joined the Jackson Laboratory staff in Bar Harbor, Maine and spent the rest of his life there. He died on June 6, 1996 in Bar Harbor, Maine.

## References
Allan McLeod Cormack

**Allan MacLeod Cormack** (February 23, 1924 – May 7, 1998) was a South African American Physicist. He is best known for his work on X-ray computed tomography (CT). He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1979 for his work. He shared the prize with Godfrey Hounsfield. In 1990, he was awarded the National Medal of Science.

Cormack and his wife had three children; Margaret, Jean and Robert. Cormack died on May 7, 1998 in Winchester, Massachusetts from cancer.

## References
Deep web

The **Deep Web** is the part of the World Wide Web you can not search on common search websites such as Google. The part you can search is called the **Surface Web**. The first person who used the term "Deep Web" was Mike Bergman, a computer scientist, in the year 2000. 

Some people think that "darknet" and "Dark Web" are the same thing as Deep Web, but they are not. Let's explain what they mean:

*A darknet is a type of computer network (this means a connection between many computers, such as the Internet) that is private or closed. It is sometimes difficult to access a darknet. You would need to know a password, use specific computer programs, change the configuration of your web browser and many other things, depending on what network you are trying to access. Tor is an example of a darknet used by many people.

*The Dark Web is the part of the World Wide Web located in darknets. Since no darknet can be found by Google or any other search website, the entire Dark Web is also part of the Deep Web. Thus, the Dark Web exists inside the Deep Web but is not the same thing as it.

In common networks, the Internet Protocols (IPs) of all users are in most cases visible. The Internet Protocol is an important information that reveals, among other things, the location where the user is accessing the Internet from. In darknets, the IPs are hidden, invisible or very difficult to find. This makes many people access darknets because they do not want the others to know this information about them, such as where they are. In other words, they access darknets to have privacy. 

There are many reasons people want privacy in the Internet. One of them is to do things forbidden by governments, such as piracy (which means sharing files protected by copyright laws).

## References
Bee-eater

The **bee-eaters** are a group of land birds in the family **Meropidae**.

They live in the Old World and Australasia: Africa, Asia, Europe, Australia, and New Guinea. They have richly coloured plumage and slender bodies. They have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance. There are 26 different species of bee-eaters.

As the name suggests, bee-eaters eat flying insects, especially bees and wasps. They catch them in the air by darting from a perch. The birds only catch prey which is flying: they ignore flying insects once they land.

Mostly, they eat honeybees. Hymenoptera (ants, bees and wasps) make up from 20% to 96% of all insects eaten. Before eating its meal, a bee-eater removes the sting by repeatedly hitting and rubbing the insect on a hard surface. The bird squeezes out most of the venom.

Bee-eaters live together. They form colonies by nesting in burrows tunnelled into the side of sandy banks, such as those that have collapsed on the edges of rivers. Many of these holes occur together.

Most of the species in the family are monogamous, and both parents care for the young, sometimes with the assistance of other birds in the colony, a behaviour rather unusual for birds.

**Nyctyornis*
**Meropogon*
**Merops*

## References
Daniel Bovet

**Daniel Bovet** ForMemRS (23 March 1907 – 8 April 1992) is an Swiss-born Italian pharmacologist.

Bovet won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1957 "for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances, and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles". He later told The New York Times that the objective was not to "create geniuses, but only [to] put the less-endowed individual in a position to reach a satisfactory mental and intellectual development".

## References
The Big Bang Theory season 1

***The Big Bang Theory*** first season began on September 24, 2007. It ended on May 19, 2008. It has 17 episodes.

## Episodes
Dr. Leonard Hofstadter (from New Jersey) and Dr. Sheldon Cooper (from Texas) are physicists. In the first episode, Penny moves to the apartment across the hall from them. Penny is a waitress from Nebraska. Leonard wants to start a relationship with her but she wants to be friends.

Howard Wolowitz is an engineer. He enjoys sex but does not want a relationship. Dr. Raj Koothrappali is an astrophysicist from India. He has selective mutism — he cannot talk to women.

## References
Peter Harvey

**Peter Michael St Clair Harvey** (16 September 1944 &ndash; 2 March 2013) was an Australian journalist and broadcaster. He worked for the Nine Network for 38 years.

## Career
Harvey began his career in journalism for the newspaper *The Daily Telegraph*. He won a Walkley Award in 1964.

Harvey soon moved to radio journalism. He worked at radio stations 2UE and 2GB. He later moved to London, England and worked for BBC Radio. He then went on to *The Guardian* as where he won many awards. During the 1960s and/or early 1970s, he worked for *Newsweek* magazine in the United States. Here he worked as a reporter in Vietnam during the Vietnam War.

In 1973, he returned to Australia to work for the Nine Network on television. During his early years at the network, he was a news director and reporter in Canberra for *Nine News*. He also worked for *60 Minutes*.

In 2001, he won a Centenary Medal. In April 2014, he was added to the Logie Hall of Fame.

## Personal life
Harvey was born in Bellevue Hill near Bondi in Sydney, New South Wales. He was married to Anne and had two children: a daughter (Claire) and a son (Adam). Both of his children went into journalism careers.

### Illness and death
In August 2012, Harvey was holidaying in Venice, Italy with his wife, when he found out that he had pancreatic cancer. It was made public on 11 October 2012.

Harvey died on 2 March 2013 at the North Shore Private Hospital in St Leonards, Sydney. He was 68.

## References
## Other websites
*
Summer of '69

"'''Summer of '69'''" is the fifth single off Canadian rock musician Bryan Adams' fourth studio album *Reckless*. The song was released in June 1985. 

When Adams appeared on The Early Show in 2008, he revealed that the song was about sex and making love in the summertime. He also said that "69" was a reference to the sexual position, 69. It is one of Adams' most well known songs and is one of his most successful. It won the BMI (Broadcast Music Inc.) Citation of Achievement for US radio airplay in 1985. In 1986, it won the Procan Award (Performing Rights Organization of Canada) for Canadian radio airplay and in 2000 it won a Socan Classics Award for more than 100,000 Canadian radio performances.

## References
## Other websites
*"Summer of '69" on YouTube
Verulamium

**Verulamium** was an ancient town in Roman Britain. It was in the southwest of the modern city of St Albans in Hertfordshire. 

Much of the Roman city is unexcavated, with the modern city built over it. The ancient Watling Street passed through Verulamium, which was one of the most important towns in Roman Britain. Much of the site and its environs is now a scheduled ancient monument.

Before the Romans, it was a settlement of the Catuvellauni tribe, which  called it Verlamion. It was among the first places in Britain recorded by name. 

Verulamium was burnt to the ground and its people slaughtered by Boudica of the Iceni in AD 61. A black ash layer has been found, confirming the Roman written record. The town was rebuilt, and grew to about  by the early 3rd century. It was defended by a deep ditch and wall. 

It is the location of the martyrdom of the first British martyr saint, St Alban, who was a Roman patrician converted to Christianity.

Verulamium had a Roman Forum, a basilica and a Roman theatre. Much was damaged by fires in AD 155 and AD 250. The town was rebuilt in stone rather than timber at least twice over the next 150 years. Occupation by the Romans ended between 400 and 450.

There are a few remains of the Roman city visible, such as parts of the city walls, a hypocaust (heating system) still in place under a mosaic floor. Remains of the theatre are on land belonging to the Earl of Verulam. More remains are under the nearby agricultural land, and have never been excavated.

## References
Christian Führer

**Christian Führer** (5 March 1943 &ndash; 30 June 2014) was a German Protestant pastor. He was one of the main figures and organisers of the 1989 Monday demonstrations in East Germany. This led to the German reunification and the end of East Germany in 1990.

Führer was born in Leipzig, Saxony. He grew up in Penig. He studied theology at the University of Leipzig from 1961 until 1966. He retired from his job as a pastor in 2008.

Führer died from respiratory failure caused by lung disease on 30 June 2014 in Leipzig, aged 71.

## References
## Other websites
*
Frank Cashen

**John Francis Cashen** (September 13, 1925 &ndash; June 30, 2014) was an American Major League Baseball general manager and writer. He is often said to have turned the New York Mets into champions with choosing their squad. He was also an executive while the Baltimore Orioles won the 1966 World Series and 1970 World Series.

Chashen was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He gradated from Loyola University Maryland. He had seven children with wife, Jean: Gregory, Terry, Tim, Brian, Sean, Stacey and Blaise.

Cashen died on June 30, 2014 in Easton, Maryland, aged 88.

## References
## Other websites
*
Dermot Healy

**Dermot Healy** (18 July 1947 &ndash; 29 June 2014) was an Irish novelist, playwright, poet, short story writer and actor. His best known fictional novels were ''A Goat's Song* (1994), *Sudden Times* (1999) and *Long Time, No See* (2011). His best known work of poetry was *A Fool's Errand* (2010). He was a member of Aosdána. He was also an actor and appeared in the movies *I Could Read the Sky* (1999), *Mapmaker* (2001) and *The Guard'' (2011). He was a member of Aosdána.

Healy was called a "master", a "Celtic Hemingway" and as "Ireland's finest living novelist". Writers to have spoken highly of him are Seamus Heaney, Eugene McCabe, Roddy Doyle, Patrick McCabe and Anne Enright.

Healy was born in Finnea, County Westmeath. In his late teens he moved to London, England, before returning to Ireland.

Healy died on 29 June 2014 in Sligo, County Sligo, aged 66. His wife and two children outlived him.

## References 
## Other websites
* 
* Dermot Healy  at Aosdána
* Dermot Healy  at Irish Writers Online
Álvaro Corcuera

**Álvaro Corcuera Martínez del Río** (22 July 1957 &ndash; 30 June 2014) was a Mexican Roman Catholic priest. He was the former General Director of the Catholic Order of the Legionaries of Christ, replacing Marcial Maciel after a sexual abuse scandal. He had served from January 2005 until early 2012.

Corcuera was born in Mexico City. In April 1975, he became one of the first members of the Regnum Christi Consecrated Men.

Corcuera died from a brain tumor on 30 June 2014 in Mexcio City. He was 56.

## References
## Other websites
* Legionaries of Christ 
* Regnum Christi Consecrated Men
Brian Roe

**Brian Roe** (27 January 1939 &ndash; 28 June 2014) was an English cricketer. He played first-class cricket for Somerset from 1957 until 1966. He was a right-handed opening batsman. He made four first-class centuries. He later moved to Minor Counties cricket. Here he played for Devon.

Roe was born in Cleethorpes, Lincolnshire. He retired from playing cricket during his early seventies.

Roe died on 28 June 2014 in Barnstaple, Devon, aged 75.

## References
## Other websites
* Brian Roe at Cricket Archive
* Brian Roe at ESPNcricinfo
Rex Whitehead

**Rex Vernon Whitehead** (26 October 1948 &ndash; 26 June 2014) was an Australian Test cricket match umpire. He umpired four Test matches between 1981 and 1982. His first match was between Australia and India in Sydney on 2 January to 4 January 1981. Altogether, he umpired 15 first-class matches in his career between 1979 and 1983.

Whitehead was born in Victoria. He retired from umpiring in the 1980s.

Whitehead died from a massive stroke on 26 June 2014, aged 65.

## References
## Other websites
* Rex Whitehead at Cricket Archive
* Rex Whitehead at ESPNcricinfo
Wolf Koenig

**Wolf Koenig** (October 17, 1927 &ndash; June 26, 2014) was a German-born Canadian movie director, producer, animator and cinematographer. He was a founder of Direct Cinema at the National Film Board of Canada (NFB). For NFB, he worked on movies such as *Neighbours* (1952) and *Lonely Boy* (1962). His animations included *What on Earth!* (1966) and *The House That Jack Built* (1967).

Koenig was born in Dresden, Saxony. He and his family fled Nazi Germany for Canada in 1937.

Koenig died on June 26, 2014 in Toronto, Ontario, aged 86.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Wolf Koenig at the Canadian Encyclopedia