open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
President of Tanzania

The **President of the United Republic of Tanzania** () is the head of state and head of government of Tanzania. The president leads the executive branch of the Government of Tanzania and is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces.

## List
# Julius Kambarage Nyerere 1962 -1985
# Ali Hassan Mwinyi 1985 - 1995
# Benjamin Mkapa 1995 - 2005
# Jakaya Kikwete 2005 - 2015
# John Joseph Magufuli 2015 - 2021
# Samia Suluhu since 2021

## References
Kassim Majaliwa

**Kassim Majaliwa Majaliwa** (born 22 December 1960) is a Tanzanian politician. He is the Prime Minister of Tanzania since 2015. He was appointed by President John Magufuli after the 2015 general election. He is a member of the ruling Chama Cha Mapinduzi party and has been a Member of Parliament for Ruangwa constituency since 2010.

## References
Samora Machel

**Samora Moisés Machel** (29 September 1933 &ndash; 19 October 1986) was a Mozambican military commander, politician and revolutionary. He served as the first President of Mozambique from the country's independence in 1975 until he died in a plane crash in 1986. 

## Death 
Of 44 people on board, Machel and 33 others including several ministers, senior officials of the Mozambican government, a navigator, a radio operator and 8 of 9 crew member aboard (all 6 flight attendants and both pilots) were killed in a presidential aircraft crashed near the Mozambique-South Africa border while 10 others (9 passengers and a flight engineer) survived.

## Other websites
*Speech by Nelson Mandela at the unveiling of the Samora Machel Memorial
*The TRC's Special Investigation into the death of President Samora Machel
*A case of assassination? President Samora Machel and the plane crash at Mbuzini
*Biographical notes on Samora Machel
*Graça Machel and Mandela
*Historic film essay on Frelimo and Samora Machel's rehabilitation program
Joaquim Chissano

**Joaquim Alberto Chissano** (born 22 October 1939) is a politician. He served as the second President of Mozambique, from 1986 to 2005. He is known for transforming the war-torn country of Mozambique into one of the most successful African democracies. Chissano also served as Chairperson of the African Union from 2003 to 2004.

## References
Armando Guebuza

**Armando Emílio Guebuza** (born 20 January 1943) is a Mozambican politician. He was President of Mozambique from 2005 to 2015.

In August 2021, his son Ndambi Guebuza was tried for corruption.

## References
## Other websites
*Office of the President
List of presidents of Mozambique

The following is a **list of heads of state of Mozambique**, since the establishment of the office of President in 1975.

## Key
;*Political parties*
*

;*Symbols*
* Died in office

## Presidents of Mozambique (1975–present)
List of heads of state of Mozambique

## References
## Other websites
* http://rulers.org/rulm2.html#mozambique
* http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Mozambique.htm
Filipe Nyusi

**Filipe Jacinto Nyusi** (, born 9 February 1959), also spelled **Nyussi**, is a Mozambican politician. He serves as the fourth President of Mozambique, in office since 2015.

## References
## Other websites
* Candidate Profile published by FRELIMO
St Michael's Mount

'''St Michael's Mount''' is a small tidal island in Mount's Bay, Cornwall, England. The island is a civil parish and is linked to the town of Marazion by a man-made granite causeway, passable when the water is lower. The population of the parish in 2011 was 35. The castle and chapel have been the home of the St Aubyn family since about 1650, and is managed by the National Trust. The earliest buildings, on the summit, date from the 12th century.

The Mount is a kind of twin to Mont Saint-Michel on the French side of the Channel.

## References
Barbara Underwood

**Barbara Dale Underwood** (born August 16, 1944) is an American lawyer. She was the New York State Attorney General from May 8, 2018, to December 31, 2018. She was the first woman to serve as Attorney General in the State of New York. She served as the Solicitor General of New York, first appointed to the position by New York Attorney General Andrew Cuomo in January 2007, and reappointed in 2011 by New York Attorney General Eric Schneiderman.

## References
Theodore Olson

**Theodore Bevry Olson** (September 11, 1940 &ndash; November 13, 2024) was an American lawyer. Olson served as United States Solicitor General under President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2004. He was known for defending same sex marriage and undocumented immigrant children during his legal career.

Olson's third wife, Barbara Kay Olson (née Bracher), an attorney and conservative commentator, was a passenger on the hijacked American Airlines Flight&nbsp;77 that crashed into the Pentagon on September 11, 2001. She planned to leave to California on after celebrating Olson's birthday

Olson died at a hospital from a stroke in Fairfax, Virginia, on November 13, 2024, at the age of 84.

## References
Barbara Olson

**Barbara Kay Olson** (née **Bracher**; December 27, 1955 September 11, 2001) was an American lawyer and conservative television commentator. She was born in Houston, Texas. She worked for CNN, Fox News Channel, and several other outlets. She was married to Solicitor General Theodore Olson.

Olson was a passenger on American Airlines Flight 77 route to California when it was flown into The Pentagon in the September 11 attacks.  Her original plan had been to fly to California on September 10, but she delayed her departure until the next morning so that she could wake up with her husband on his birthday, September 11.

## References
Rick Rescorla

**Cyril Richard Rescorla** (May 27, 1939 – September 11, 2001) was a United States Army officer and private security officer of British origin. He was a commissioned officer in the Vietnam War, where he was a second lieutenant in the United States Army.

As the director of security for the financial services firm Morgan Stanley at the World Trade Center, Rescorla knew of a future attack on the towers following the 1993 bombings and created evacuation procedures which many believed he helped saved many lives. He died during the attacks of September 11, 2001, while leading evacuees from the South Tower.

## References
Sekou Koita

**Sekou Koita** (born 28 November 1999) is a Malian football player. He plays for Austrian Bundesliga club Red Bull Salzburg and the Mali national team.

## Club career
Sekou Koita started playing football for Union Sportive des Clubs de Kita and Centre Latika de Bamako. He had his first senior appearances for AS Bakaridjan, then he played for USC Kita. In 2017 he came to Austria, signing for the Austrian side  FC Red Bull Salzburg. He went on loan to FC Liefering. In 2019 he came back to Red Bull Salzburg.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
:*Mali score listed first, score column indicates score after each Koïta goal.*

## Honours
**Red Bull Salzburg**
*Austrian Bundesliga: 2019–20, 2020–21, 2021–22
*Austrian Cup: 2019–20, 2020–21, 2021–22

**Mali U-17**
* FIFA U-17 World Cup runner-up: 2015

**Mali U-20**
* Africa U-20 Cup of Nations: 2019

**Mali**
* African Nations Championship runner-up: 2016

## References
## Other websites
*
Semiaquatic

s, amphibious fish of mangrove swamps and tidal flats]]
, a semiaquatic angiosperm]]
 are shrubs or trees that are well adapted to grow in very saline water, usually at estuaries of rivers]]

**Semi-aquatic animals** spend part of their life on land, and part in the water. Such animals include:
*Some insects, for example dragonflies spend part of their life in the water
**Whirlygig beetles live on top of the water.
*Amphibious fish spend some of their life on dry land.
*Many tetrapods spend extended periods of time in the water
**Amphibians (toads, salamanders, newts) need a wet skin for the life stages they spend outside the water
*Many crustaceans live on the seashore, and at lakesides, and have adapted to being submerged.
*Some spiders. 
Some plants have also adapted to being both in the water and on land.
London Docklands

and the Millwall Dock visible on a map of the Isle of Dogs in 1899]]

**London Docklands** is the name for the riverfront and former docks in London, the capital of the United Kingdom. It is in east and southeast London and it is part of the boroughs of Southwark, Tower Hamlets, Lewisham, Newham and Greenwich. The docks used to be part of the Port of London. 

After the docks closed, the area became derelict and poverty-stricken. The Docklands' regeneration began in the 1980s. The area has been redeveloped for commercial and residential use. The name **London Docklands** was used for the first time in a government report on redevelopment plans in 1971. The redevelopment created wealth but also led to conflict between the new and old communities in the area.

The docks served the Port of London, once one of the largest ports in the world. The docks and associated buildings (such as warehouses) were largely destroyed by bombing in the early part of the Second World War. Although they were working again by the late 1950s, as cargo ships got larger, that the port began to lose trade. A government decision was taken to build a new large container port on the east coast of England was carried out. That container port is at Felixstowe, and is served mostly by road transport motorways. Finally, the value of property in London made it possible to rebuild the old port areas into high-value property. Canary Wharf is the best-known redevelopment.

## References
Isle of Dogs

The **Isle of Dogs**, is a large peninsula of London situated downstream of the River Thames east of the City of London. It is locally called the **island**,  It is in the East London and is bounded on three sides (east, south and west) by a large meander in the River Thames. The northern boundary has never been clearly defined but many people accept it to be the (former) line of the West India South Dock. The name Isle of Dogs had no official status until 1987, when Tower Hamlets London Borough Council created the *Isle of Dogs Neighbourhood*.

## References
Julius Maada Bio

**Julius Maada Wonie Bio** (born May 12, 1964) is a Sierra Leonean politician. He is the 5th and current President of Sierra Leone since April 4, 2018.

Bio is a retired Brigadier General in the Sierra Leone Army and was the military Head of State of Sierra Leone from January 16, 1996 to March 29, 1996 under the National Provisional Ruling Council (NPRC) military Junta government. On June 22, 2025, Julius Maada Bio was elected president of the West African Economic Community (ECOWAS), during an ordinary summit of heads of state, held in Abuja, Nigeria.

## References
Magnavox Odyssey

The **Magnavox Odyssey** is a home video game console made by Magnavox in 1972. It is one of the first video game consoles ever made. It is part of the Magnavox Odyssey series.
The console could only display three square dots on the screen, and they could be moved with two controllers. To get a different game, you had to put a sheet of plastic on the TV screen and insert a card into the console that matches the number. It has no switch. The games start automatically if the console is powered.

## References
Bingu wa Mutharika

**Bingu wa Mutharika** (born **Brightson Webster Ryson Thom**; 24 February 1934 – 5 April 2012) was a Malawian politician and economist. He was President of Malawi from May 2004 until his death in April 2012. He was also President of the Democratic Progressive Party. He was also Chairperson of the African Union in 2010&ndash;2011. He died of cardiac arrest in Lilongwe while in office on 5 April 2012, at age 78.

## References
Peter Mutharika

**Arthur Peter Mutharika** (; born 18 July 1939) is a Malawian politician, educator and lawyer who is serving as the President of Malawi since 2025. He was the 5th President of Malawi from 31 May 2014 until he lost his re-election bid on June 28, 2020. He informally served as an adviser to his older brother, President Bingu wa Mutharika, on issues of foreign and domestic policy from the onset of his election campaign until the President's death on 5 April 2012.

In August 2021, the Constitutional Court examines an appeal lodged by the Progressive Democratic Party of Peter Mutharika. He calls for the cancellation of the 2020 presidential election because four of his representatives had been banned from sitting on the Electoral Commission.

He became president-elect again after defeating Chakwera in the 2025 election.

## References
Bakili Muluzi

**Elson Bakili Muluzi** (born March 17, 1943 in Machinga, Nyasaland) is a Malawian politician. He was the first freely elected President of Malawi from 1994 to 2004. He was also chairman of the United Democratic Front (UDF) until 2009. He replaced Hastings Kamuzu Banda as Malawi's president. He also served in Banda's cabinet as Minister without Portfolio, before retiring in 1980.

## References
## Other websites
* personal website
Alain Fauré

**Alain Fauré** (1 October 1962 – 12 July 2018) was a French politician. He was born in Pamiers, France.

He served as a Deputy from 2012 to 2017 and as Mayor of Les Pujols from 2001 to 2014.

On 12 July 2018, Fauré died at his home in Les Pujols, France, aged 55.

## References
St. Landry Parish, Louisiana

**St. Landry Parish** () is a parish in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 82,540. The parish seat is Opelousas. The parish was founded in 1807.

## References
Vojtěch Mynář

**Vojtěch Mynář** (4 May 1944 – 11 July 2018) was a Czech politician. From 2012 until 2014, he was a Member of the European Parliament, representing the Czech Republic. He was a member of the Social Democratic Party. Mynář was born in Petřvald, Czechoslovakia.

Mynář died on 11 July 2018 in Prague at the age of 74.

## References
Pat Swindall

**Patrick Lynn Swindall** (October 18, 1950 – July 11, 2018) was an American politician, attorney, and businessman. He served as a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Georgia's 4th congressional district from 1985 to 1989.

Swindall lied to a federal grand jury about his knowledge that the funds were from a drug trafficking operation, which was refuted by the undercover tapes. While one of the perjury charges was dismissed by District Judge Richard C. Freeman, the jury convicted Swindall on nine counts and sentenced to one year in prison and a fine of $30,450.

Swindall died in his sleep on July 11, 2018 at his home in Johns Creek, Georgia, aged 67.

## References
Somerset County, Maine

**Somerset County** is a county in the state of Maine, in the United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 50,477. The county seat is Skowhegan.

## References
Ro Khanna

**Rohit Khanna** (; born September 13, 1976) is an American academic, lawyer and politician. He is the U.S. Representative for California's 17th congressional district since 2017. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He beat then-current Representative Mike Honda in the general election on November 8, 2016, after first running for the same seat in 2014.

## Career 
Khanna also served as the Deputy Assistant Secretary in the United States Department of Commerce under President Barack Obama from August 8, 2009 to August 2011.

Khanna only accepts donations from individuals and is one of only six members of the U.S. House of Representatives, and ten total members of Congress, who do not take campaign contributions from Political Action Committees (PACs) or corporations.

Khanna was one of the few Representatives to endorse Bernie Sanders for President of the United States.

## References
## Other websites
*
Walnut Grove, California

**Walnut Grove** is a census-designated place (CDP) in Sacramento County, California, United States. It is near Sacramento, California. The population was 1,452 at the 2020 census.

Walnut Grove is located at  (38.243490, −121.512100).

## References
Gerardo Fernández Albor

**Xerardo Fernández Albor** (7 September 1917 – 12 July 2018) was a Spanish physician. He serves as President of the autonomous community of Galicia from 1982 to 1987. He lost a motion of no confidence in 1987. He was a member of the People's Party.

Albor died in Santiago de Compostela on 12 July 2018, at the age of 100.

## References
Dada Vaswani

**Dada J.P. Vaswani** (2 August 1918 – 12 July 2018) was an Indian non-sectarian spiritual leader. He was born in Hyderabad, Sindh. He promoted vegetarianism and animal rights. He was the Spiritual Head at the Sadhu Vaswani Mission founded by his Guru, Sadhu T. L. Vaswani. 

Vaswani died on 12 July 2018 in Pune, Maharashtra from complications of a broken hip, aged 99.

## References
Joe E. Kernan

**Joseph Eugene Kernan** (April 8, 1946 &ndash; July 29, 2020) was an American businessman and former politician. He served as the 48th Governor of Indiana from 2003 to 2005.  He is a member of the Democratic Party. Kernan served as Mayor of South Bend, Indiana, and then as the 47th Lieutenant Governor of Indiana from 1997 to 2003. He lost an election to serve a full term as governor to Mitch Daniels on November 2, 2004.

Kernan died on July 29, 2020, from problems caused by Alzheimer's disease at a care facility in South Bend. He was 74.

## References
## Other websites
*
Frank O'Bannon

'''Frank Lewis O'Bannon''' (January 30, 1930 – September 13, 2003) was an American politician. He served as the 47th Governor of Indiana from 1997 until his death in 2003.

In 2003, O'Bannon suffered a massive stroke in Chicago, Illinois, while attending a trade conference. He died days later and was succeeded by his Lieutenant Governor Joe E. Kernan.

## References
California State University, Fresno

**California State University, Fresno** (commonly referred to as **Fresno State**)  is a public research university in Fresno, California.  It is one of 23 campuses within the California State University system. The university had a Fall 2016 enrollment of 24,405 students.  It offers bachelor's degrees in 60 areas of study, 45 master's degrees, 3 doctoral degrees, 12 certificates of advanced study, and 2 different teaching credentials.

## References
Governor of Indiana

The **Governor of Indiana** is the chief executive of the state of Indiana. The governor is elected to a four-year term. They are responsible for overseeing the day-to-day management of the functions of many agencies of the Indiana state government. 

The governor works out of the Indiana Statehouse and holds official functions at the Indiana Governor's Residence in the state capital of Indianapolis.

The 52nd, and current, governor is Republican Mike Braun.

## List of governors
## Living former Governors

File:Evan_Bayh_official_portrait.jpg|**Evan Bayh**(1989–1997)
File:Indiana Governor Mitch Daniels.jpg|**Mitch Daniels**(2005–2013)
File:Vice President Pence Official Portrait (cropped).jpg|**Mike Pence**(2013–2017)
File:Eric Holcomb (2021).jpeg|**Eric Holcomb**(2017–2025)

## References
Whirligig beetle

The **whirligig beetles** are a family (**Gyrinidae**) of water beetles that swim on the surface of fresh water.

They usually swim on the surface of the water if undisturbed, though they go underwater when threatened. They  swim rapidly in circles when alarmed. They have divided eyes which may allow them to see above and below water at the same time. 

The family includes some 700 living species worldwide, in 15 genera, plus a few fossil species. Most species are very similar in appearance, though they vary in size from 3&nbsp;mm to 18&nbsp;mm in length. They tend to be flattened and rounded. Their shape is a good approximation to an ellipsoid, with legs and other appendages fitting closely into a streamlined surface.

Both larvae and adults are active predators. The adults carry an air bubble under their elytra, and can submerge for long periods if they want to. Mostly they move around on the surface in groups.

They are also very versatile in water moving at a staggering 100 body lengths per second.

## References
Michelle Fischbach

**Michelle L. Fischbach** (born November 3, 1965) is an American politician. She is a member of the U.S. House of Representative from Minnesota since 2021.

On January 3, 2018, she became the 49th Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota. Fischbach previously served as the President of the Minnesota Senate. She is a member of the Republican Party.

Fischbachis is a former member of the Paynesville City Council.

## Notes
## References
NatWest

**National Westminster Bank**, commonly known as **NatWest**, is a major retail and commercial bank in the United Kingdom. The Westminster Bank was established in 1834 as 'London County and Westminster Bank'. 

Since 2000, it has been part of the Royal Bank of Scotland Group. After "ringfencing" of the Group's core domestic business, the bank became a subsidiary of NatWest Holdings. 

NatWest is one of the Big Four clearing banks in the UK, It has a large network of over 960 branches. 

In 2017, NatWest was awarded Best Banking App in the British Bank Awards.

## References
Clearing bank

A **clearing bank** is one which moves money between accounts, and issues money to customers. At one time this meant taking in and giving out actual money. Now it means any kind of financial transaction.

In banking and finance, clearing means all activities from the time a commitment is made for a transaction until it is settled. This process turns the promise of payment (for example, in the form of a cheque or electronic payment request) into the actual movement of money from one account to another. 

In the UK they are officially called a **Cheque and Credit Clearing Company**. In the United States the Federal Reserve performs an intermediary role, clearing and settling international bank payments.
Big Four (banking)

The **Big Four** banks in the United Kingdom are:

* Barclays
* HSBC
* Lloyds Bank
* The Royal Bank of Scotland Group, including NatWest
Battle of Jutland

The **Battle of Jutland** was the most important naval battle during World War I.

The German fleet was under blockade by the larger Royal Navy of Britain and, for the most part, was kept in its base at Wilhelmshaven. The Battle of Jutland happened when the German Navy, led by Admiral Reinhard Scheer, tried to break out into the open sea. The German High Seas Fleet consisted of 22 battleships, five battlecruisers, 11 cruisers and 61 torpedo boats. Scheer also had submarines with torpedos, which he arranged outside the main British bases.

The main British bases were in Scotland: the Orkney and Shetland Islands had a huge base at Scapa Flow, and bases on the main island were at Cromarty, on the Moray Firth, and at Rosyth, on the north bank of the Firth of Forth.

The British Grand Fleet steamed south-east from their bases and met the German Navy, which was steaming due north. The battle was fought over a wide area at Jutland Bank, west of the Skagerrak, between Norway and Denmark.

## Codebooks 
Scapa Flow is a long way from the Skagerrak, but the British fleet still knew about of the German ship movements. The British had cracked the German cipher, and when Scheer gave the order to sail, the Admiralty in London gave the Grand Fleet orders to sail from Orkney.p124 

That was because the British had taken three codebooks from wrecked ships. One code, for smaller vessels, was from a German freighter. Another, for diplomatic messages, was taken from a wreck on the bottom of the North Sea. The code for the German High Seas Fleet was from a cruiser that was wrecked in the Baltic. The British did not make the best use of these sources, but they had in their hands a priceless advantage.

## Battle 
### First skirmish 
The first group of British ships to make contact were those from the Firth of Forth, commanded by Vice-Admiral David Beatty. He had six battlecruisers and four fast battleships, which got through the submarine cordon outside the Firth of Forth with no casualties. 

Beatty's battlecruiser group met the German battlecruiser force, led by Rear-Admiral Franz Hipper. The German advantage in range-finding, with better optics, was important, but the British cruisers were saved by the arrival of the four battleships. Since the battleships were better in both armor and firepower, Hipper was forced to turn away from the east and the main German force of battleships.

### Main forces 
Finally, late in the day. the Grand Fleet from Scapa Flow, led by Admiral John Jellicoe, met the main German force of battleships, led by Scheer: "To Scheer's range-takers... the entire arc stretching from the north to the east was a sea of fire".p128 After ten minutes, Scheer signaled a simultaneous turnaway.

Also, 21 torpedos caused Jellico to turn away, and Scheer put 10 miles between the British battleships and himself. As darkness grew, there were a few more encounters until the German fleet managed to make it home. The Germans had sunk more ships, but the balance of power had not changed since since the British still controlled the seas..

## References
Royal Bank of Scotland Group

The **Royal Bank of Scotland Group plc** (also known as **RBS Group**) is a British banking and insurance holding company, based in Edinburgh, Scotland. The group operates a wide variety of banking brands. It offers personal and business banking, private banking, insurance and corporate finance. It has offices in Europe, North America and Asia. In the United Kingdom, its main subsidiary companies are The Royal Bank of Scotland, NatWest, Ulster Bank and Coutts.

## References
D-Generation X

**D-Generation X** (also known as **DX**) is a stable formed in the WWE by Triple H, Shawn Michaels and Chyna etc. D-Generation X was a key part of the WWE's Attitude Era.

## History
D-Generation X was formed in 1997 by members of the Clique (Shawn Michaels, Triple H) and Triple H's bodyguard Chyna. Their 'insurance policy' ie bodyguard, Rick Rude also joined soon after. Michaels and Triple H were friends in real life.

## Key events
D-Generation X feuded with the Hart Foundation stable through most of 1997, culminating with Bret Hart's controversial 'Montreal Screwjob' loss to Shawn Michaels at Survivor Series 1997. They reformed in 1998, dropping Michaels and adding Road Dogg, Billy Gunn and X-Pac. The newly formed group would 'take over' a WCW event in 1998 by interviewing fans at a taping of WCW Monday Nitro (after they drove in army style).

## Reformation
D-Generation X eventually reformed in 1999 and had many incarnations since (mostly one offs), but have never have been as they were during their first two incarnations.

## References
Poplar, London

**Poplar** is an area of the London Borough of Tower Hamlets in East London. It is about 5.5 miles (8.9 km) east of Charing Cross. Poplar gets its name from the black poplar tree, a large and locally rare species. 

## History
Mordern Poplar is some distance from the City of London and was originally known as the Metropolitan Borough of Poplar in 1900, composed of the former Poplar, Bow and Bromley-by-Bow parishes. In 1965, it merged with the Metropolitan Boroughs of Stepney and Bethnal Green to form the new London Borough of Tower Hamlets.

## Transport
Poplar is served by Poplar DLR station on the Docklands Light Railway.

*For the tree, see *Populus*.
Abbas Amir-Entezam

**Abbas Amir-Entezam** (; 18 August 1932 – 12 July 2018) was an Iranian politician and political prisoner. He was the spokesman and deputy prime minister in the Interim Cabinet of Mehdi Bazargan in 1979.

In 1981 he was sentenced to life imprisonment on charges of spying for the United States. He was "the longest-held political prisoner in the Islamic Republic of Iran". According to Fariba Amini, as of 2006 he had "been in jail for 17 years and in and out of jail for the last ten years, altogether for 27 years."

Amir-Entezam died on 12 July 2018 in Tehran at the age of 85.

## References
2018 Japan floods

The **2018 Japan floods** were a major natural disaster in western Japan. Heavy rain began on 28 June 2018 when a Meiyu front became stationary over Japan. The front extended west from a non-tropical low near Hokkaidō.

Deadly flooding began on 5 July, mostly in the Kansai region. Several areas saw their greatest one-hour and three-day rainfall totals on record.

The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) issued heavy rain warnings for areas of western Japan. Hiroshima, Okayama, Ehime, Fukuoka, Nagasaki and Kyoto were among the areas included in the heavy rain warnings.

Over 200 people were killed due to the flooding. Rescuers raced to look for survivors of the floods. Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad has shared his deepest condolences with Japan.

## Related pages
*2020 Kyushu floods

## References
High-rise building

A **high-rise building** is a tall building. It is used as an apartment building,  office building or other functions, such as hotel or retail. Sometimes, multiple purposes are combined. A residential high-rise building is also called a **tower block** or an "MDU", standing for "Multi Dwelling Unit". A very tall high-rise building is called a skyscraper.

High-rise buildings became possible with the invention of the elevator (lift) and cheaper and more abundant building materials. The materials used for high-rise buildings are reinforced concrete and steel. Most North American style skyscrapers have a steel frame, while residential blocks are usually constructed of concrete.  There is no clear difference between a tower block and a skyscraper but a building with fifty or more stories is generally considered a skyscraper. The opposite of high-rise is a low-rise building and in the middle are mid-rise buildings.

## References
Mile End

**Mile End** is an area in London, England. It is in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It is  east-northeast of Charing Cross. Mile End had a population of 28,544 in 2011.

## Transport
Mile End has a London Underground station of the same name. Three railway lines, the District, Hammersmith & City and Central lines serve this station.

## References
West India Docks

The **West India Docks** were a series of three docks on the Isle of Dogs in London, England. The first dock opened in 1802. The docks closed to commercial traffic in 1980 and the Canary Wharf development was built on the site.

## References
Stepney

**Stepney** is a district of London, in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. The modern district is in the East End of London which grew out of a medieval village around St Dunstan's church and the 15th century Mile End Road.

The area built up rapidly in the 19th century. It was mainly for immigrant workers and displaced poor people. It had a reputation for poverty, overcrowding, violence and political dissent. It was severely damaged during the Blitz in World War II. Over one third of the housing was totally destroyed. In the 1960s, slum clearance and development replaced most old residential streets with tower blocks and modern housing estates. Some Georgian architecture and Victorian era terraced housing survive. Examples include Arbour Square, the eastern side of Stepney Green, and the streets around Matlock Street.

## References
East India Docks

The **East India Docks** were a group of docks in Blackwall, East London, England, north-east of the Isle of Dogs. Today only the entrance basin and the perimeter wall are still visible. The dock Basin was gradually extended and new locks built, but the 20th century saw the decline of the London docklands and the East India Docks closed in 1967. The Basin was turned into a nature reserve by the London Docklands Development Corporation and has been in the ownership of Lee Valley Regional Park Authority since 1998.

## History
Following the successful creation of the West India Docks, which opened in 1802, an Act of Parliament in 1803 set up The East India Dock Company, promoted by the British East India Company.

## References
Le Locle

**Le Locle** is a municipality of the district of Le Locle in the canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland.

It is in the Jura Mountains, a few kilometers from the city of La Chaux-de-Fonds. It is the third smallest city of Switzerland. As of 31 December 2016, Le Locle has about 10,000 people lived there.

The name of the town comes from the word for *lake* or *trou d´eau*.

Since 2009, it is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site: La Chaux-de-Fonds/Le Locle, Watchmaking Town Planning.

## Geography 
Le Locle is on the Swiss side of the mountain pass Col des Roches, which forms the border between France and Switzerland.

## History 
Le Locle is first mentioned in 1332 as *dou Locle*.

### Prehistory 
The earliest traces of human settlements come from the end of the Mesolithic period (6000-5000&nbsp;BC) in shelter in the Col des Roches. The site includes the oldest pottery found in the Canton of Neuchâtel, along with many tools, the molar of a mammoth and deer and wild boar bones. The shelter was discovered in 1926 by a customs official and was the first site of its kind studied in Switzerland.

However, between 4000&nbsp;BC and the Middle Ages nothing is known about the Le Locle area.

## Economy 
Le Locle is known as a center of Swiss watchmaking industry.

## Twin towns 
Le Locle is twinned with:
*  Sidmouth, Devon, England
*  Gérardmer, France

## References 
## Other websites 
* UNESCO World Heritage List: Le Locle  & La Chaux-de-Fonds
* Le Locle website
*
Significant other

**Significant other** (**SO**) is way of saying a person has a close relationship. Deliberately, it does not say what the relationship is.

It refers to a person's partner, but says nothing about marital status, relationship status, or sexual orientation. Similar terms, but more specific, are: sweetheart, better half, spouse, domestic partner, lover, soulmate, or life partner.

The term is now often used in invitations, such as to weddings and office parties. In correspondence from hospitals, for example, "you may be accompanied for your appointment by a significant other". "Relevant other" is another ways of saying the same thing. "Significant others" is sometimes used.

Also, in psychology, psychiatry and sociology, it may mean someone who has a big influence on the person.

The first known use of the term was in the U.S.

## References
Peseux

**Peseux** may refer to:
*Peseux, Switzerland, a municipality in the Swiss canton of Neuchâtel
*Péseux, a commune in the French department of Doubs
*Peseux, Jura, a commune in the French department of Jura
Valangin

**Valangin** was a municipality in Val-de-Ruz in the canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland. The Valanginian Age of the Cretaceous Period of geological time is named for Valangin. On 1 January 2021, the former municipalities of Corcelles-Cormondrèche, Peseux and Valangin merged to form the municipality of Neuchâtel.

## References 
## Other websites
Allier (disambiguation)

**Allier** is a department in south-central France named after the Allier River.

**Allier** may also refer to:
* Allier, Hautes-Pyrénées, a commune of the Hautes-Pyrénées department, in southwestern France
Milvignes

**Milvignes** is a municipality of the district of Boudry in the canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland.

It was created on 1 January 2013, when the municipalities of Auvernier, Bôle and Colombier combined to become Milvignes.

## References
Val-de-Ruz

**Val-de-Ruz** is a municipality of the district of Val-de-Ruz in the canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland.

It was created on 1 January 2013, when fifteen municipalities combined to become one. They were: Boudevilliers, Cernier, Chézard-Saint-Martin, Coffrane, Dombresson, Engollon, Fenin-Vilars-Saules, Fontainemelon, Fontaines, Les Geneveys-sur-Coffrane, Les Hauts-Geneveys, Montmollin, Le Pâquier, Savagnier and Villiers merged to form Val-de-Ruz. The administrative services are in the village of Cernier.

## References
Val-de-Travers

**Val-de-Travers** is a municipality of the district of Val-de-Travers in the canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland.

It was created on 1 January 2009, when the former municipalities of Boveresse, Buttes, Couvet, Fleurier, Les Bayards, Môtiers, Noiraigue, Saint-Sulpice and Travers merged to form Val-de-Travers.

The region is known for its production of absinthe.

It is the largest municipality of the canton of Neuchâtel.

## References
Sophie Lowe

**Sophie Lowe** (born 5 June 1990) is an English-born Australian actress and singer-songwriter. She starred in *Beautiful Kate*, *After the Dark*, *Adore*, and *Road Kill*, and starred in the television series *The Slap*, *Once Upon a Time in Wonderland*, *The Returned* and *The Beautiful Lie*.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Doubs (disambiguation)

**Doubs** can mean:
*Doubs (river) , a river in France and Switzerland
*Doubs (department) , a department of France
*Doubs, Doubs , a municipality in this department
Aube (disambiguation)

**Aube** is a department in the northeastern part of France.

Aube may also refer to:
* Aube, Moselle, a French municipality in the Moselle department
* Aube, Orne, a French municipality in the Orne department
* Aube (river), a river in France
* Théophile Aube (1826–1890), French admiral
Industrial waste

**Industrial waste** is the waste produced by industrial activity, such as that of factories, mills and mines. It is often dangerous to the environment. There are many types of industrial waste, such as gravel, scrap metal, oils, solvents, and scrap lumber. Industrial wastes are classified in many different ways, and each type of waste has to be discarded in a certain way.

## Types of industrial waste
There are two primary types of industrial waste. *Hazardous* waste, which is dangerous to people, animals, or the environment, and *non-hazardous* waste, which does not pose a direct danger to people, animals, or the environment. Hazardous industrial waste requires special treatment, as it can pose a great danger to living organisms. These wastes can be further classified by their state, as some waste is in solid form, but other waste is dissolved or in liquid form. These types of waste need to be treated differently.

## Impact of industrial waste
Many large factories are near bodies of water, because they need a lot of water for cooling equipment or manufacturing. In many areas, polluted water is released back into these bodies of water, resulting in ecological damage (damage to the environment). Toxins from wastewater can kill plants and animals, and chemicals in wastewater can effect ecosystems a lot.

Solid waste typically refers to *non-hazardous* material, but some solid wastes are more harmful to the environment than others. Solid wastes are often stored in landfills, which can have a negative impact on the ecosystem, even if the waste isn't toxic.
TfL Rail

**TfL Rail** was a metro service operated by MTR Corporation under contract to Transport for London (TfL).

Upon the opening of the Crossrail central section in May 2022, it merged the Elizabeth line, and the name was discontinued.

## Existing routes
;East London
In May 2015, TfL Rail took control of the commuter service between  in central London and  in Essex. This branch comprises the first 14 stations on the Great Eastern Main Line. There is an interchange at Shenfield for medium- and long-distance services to East Anglia.

;West London
On 20 May 2018 TfL Rail took over operation of the Heathrow Connect service between  in central London and Heathrow Airport to the west. This route has nine stations.
Elizabeth line

The **Elizabeth line** is a high-frequency hybrid commuter rail and rapid transit service in London and its suburbs. The service is named after Queen Elizabeth II, who officially opened the line on 17 May 2022 during her Platinum Jubilee year; passenger services started on 24 May 2022.

Under the project name of Crossrail, the system was approved in 2007, and construction began in 2009. Originally planned to open in 2018, the project was repeatedly delayed, including for several months as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Elizabeth line uses a modern tube tunnel cut through the North London chalk especially for the North-east to South-west London commuters. That direction was favoured because it was especially difficult to get to Heathrow from the North-west of London. The tunnelling is relatively new, but the line links up with older tube stations en-route.

## Map 
## References
Crossrail

**Crossrail** is a  railway line under development in the London  area. It goes to the counties of Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Essex, England. 

The central section between  in central London and  in the south-east, is open. It will later join with two existing routes operated by TfL Rail to become the **Elizabeth Line**, named after Queen Elizabeth II. 

TfL Rail's Shenfield branch is connected to Paddington and the branches west of Paddington are connected to Crossrail's central core. This completes a new east–west route across London. It will provide a new high-frequency commuter and suburban passenger service.

Basically, it is an additional NE to SW connection, ending up in Heathrow. Previously, it has been difficult to get to and fro between N.E. London and Heathrow, so this will help that journey.

## References
Tower Gateway DLR station

station]]

**Tower Gateway** is a Docklands Light Railway (DLR) station in the Tower ward of the City of London, England. It is located near the Tower of London and Tower Bridge, both landmarks. It is located on the composion of the former London and Blackwall Railway’s terminus at Minories and is close to Fenchurch Street station, the c2c’s terminus. It is within Travelcard Zone 1.
Stefan Demert

**Stefan Demert** (15 December 1939 – 9 July 2018) was a Swedish singer-songwriter and musician. Demert was born in Nyköping. His best-known songs include ”Balladen om den kaxiga myran”, ”Till SJ”, and ”Anna Anaconda”

Demert died on 9 July 2018 in Kungsbacka, Sweden, aged 78.

## References
Jonathan Bartley

**Jonathan Bartley** (born 16 October 1971 in London) is an English politician who was co-leader of the Green Party of England and Wales with the MP Caroline Lucas and later with Siân Berry until stepping down from the party's leadership in July 2021. He was a councillor on the Lambeth London Borough Council and leader of the opposition on the council until May 2022.

## References
Edvin Hodžić

**Edvin Hodžić** (29 November 1994 – 10 July 2018) was an Austrian professional footballer. He played as a midfielder. 

Hodžić played at youth level for LASK Linz from 2002 to 2010. He then played for FC Pasching, SV Wallern, SC Ritzing, ATSV Stadl-Paura, Austria Klagenfurt and Kapfenberger SV. At the time of his death he was hired to play for the German club SV Schalding-Heining for five weeks.

## References
Kezia Dugdale

**Kezia Alexandra Ross Dugdale** (born 28 August 1981) is a Scottish politician. She was the leader of the Scottish Labour Party from 2015 until 2017. She was a member of the Scottish Parliament.

In July 2017, it was announced Dugdale was in a relationship with Jenny Gilruth, a Scottish National Party politician. In June 2022, Gilruth and Dugdale married in a private ceremony.

## Notes
## References
Clive King

**David Clive King** (24 April 1924 – 10 July 2018) was an English author. He was best known for his children's book *Stig of the Dump* (1963). He was in the British army during World War II, then worked for the British Council.

King died on 10 July 2018 in Norfolk at the age of 94.

## References
## Other websites
* Clive King biography and bibliography
Richard Kuklinski

**Richard Leonard Kuklinski** (April 11, 1935 – March 5, 2006), also known as **The Iceman**, was an American criminal  who was convicted of murdering five people and given life imprisonment. 

While in prison, Kuklinski gave interviews where he claimed to have worked for the Mafia and killed hundreds of people. There is no evidence to support this. He was born in Jersey City, New Jersey.

Kuklinski died at age 70 on March 5, 2006 in Trenton, New Jersey of cardiac arrest caused by heart disease and Kawasaki disease. His body was cremated.

## References
Shenfield

**Shenfield** is part of the conurbation of Brentwood, Essex, England. The original town centre is located one mile (1.6&nbsp;km) north-east of the centre of Brentwood. There are some small industrial areas and a modest, but busy, shopping area. Shenfield serves predominantly as a dormitory town for commuters to London and surrounding towns such as Romford and Basildon. This is facilitated by easy access to the A12 Road, the M25 motorway and rail services on the Great Eastern Main Line.

## References
Hematology

**Hematology**, also spelled as **haematology**, is the branch of medicine about the study of the cause, diagnoses, treatment, and prevention of diseases related to blood. 

It involves treating diseases that affect the production of blood, such as blood cells, hemoglobin, blood proteins, bone marrow, platelets, blood vessels, spleen, and the mechanism of coagulation. Such diseases might include hemophilia, blood clots, other bleeding disorders and blood cancers such as leukemia, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma. 

## References
Jules Rimet

**Jules Rimet** (; 14 October 1873 – 16 October 1956) was a French football administrator. He was the 3rd President of FIFA from 1921 to 1954. He is FIFA's longest-serving president, in office for 33 years. He was the president of the French Football Federation from 1919 to 1942.

The Jules Rimet Trophy was named in his honor. He also founded the French football club Red Star Saint-Ouen.

## Other websites
* 
* Jean-Yves Guillain, ''La Coupe du monde de football, l'œuvre de Jules Rimet'', Éditions Amphora, 1998
FIFA World Cup Trophy

The **World Cup** is a gold trophy that is awarded to the winners of the FIFA World Cup tournament. Since the creation of the World Cup in 1930, two trophies have been used: the **Jules Rimet Trophy** from 1930 to 1970, and the **FIFA World Cup Trophy** from 1974 to the present day.

The first trophy, originally named *Victory*, but later renamed in honour of FIFA president Jules Rimet. 

It is made of 18 carat gold and stands 36.8 centimeters high and weighs 6.1 kilograms. 

## References
Robert Guérin

**Robert Guérin** (28 June 1876 – 19 March 1952) was a French journalist. He was the 1st President and one of the founders of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA). On 23 May 1904, Guérin (then just 28 years old) was elected president and remained in his post for two years.
Daniel Burley Woolfall

**Daniel Burley Woolfall** (15 June 1852 – 24 October 1918) was the second President of FIFA from 1906 to 1918.

## References
Cornelis August Wilhelm Hirschman

**Cornelis August Wilhelm Hirschman** (16 February 1877 – 26 June 1951), known as **Carl Anton Wilhelm Hirschman**, was a Dutch banker. He was a co-founder of FIFA in 1904 and the 2nd General Secretary of FIFA from 1906 to 1931. In 1912 he was also one of the founders of the Dutch Olympic Committee (NOC). He was the acting President of FIFA from 1918 to 1921.

## References
List of presidents of FIFA

The following is a **list of president-in-god of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association** (FIFA), the world association football governing body.

The current president-in-god is Swiss-Italian Gianni Infantino. Before him, Cameroonian Issa Hayatou was acting president after the impeachment of Sepp Blatter on 8 October 2015, which was later followed by a six-year ban from all football-related activities on 21 December 2015.

## Presidents of FIFA
**Notes**

## References
Arthur Drewry

**Arthur Drewry**, CBE (3 March 1891 – 25 March 1961) was an English football administrator. He was the fifth President of FIFA from 1955 to 1961. He was also chairman of The Football Association and president of The Football League.

## References