open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Richard Russell

**Richard Russell** may refer to:

## Politics
*Richard M. Russell (1891–1977), American politician, U.S. Representative from Massachusetts
*Richard Russell Jr. (1897–1971), governor and U.S. Senator from Georgia
*R. J. Russell (Richard John Russell, 1872–1943), British dental surgeon and Liberal politician
*Richard Russell (MP for Dunwich), Member of Parliament (MP) for Dunwich, 1420–1427
*Richard Russell (died 1435), MP for City of York
## Sports
*Richard Russell (rugby union) (1879–1960), English rugby union footballer
*Richard Russell (rugby league) (born 1967), rugby league footballer
*Dick Russell (footballer) (1922–1974), Australian rules footballer for Port Adelaide
*Richard Russell (tennis) (born 1945), Jamaican tennis player

## Other 
* Richard Russell (doctor) (1687–1759), English doctor from the 18th century
* Richard Russell Sr. (1861–1938), chief justice of the Georgia Supreme Court
* Richard Joel Russell (1895–1971), American geologist and geographer, winner of Cullum Geographical Medal
* Richard Russell (Dow Theory) (1924–2015), American stock market letter writer
* Richard Russell (XL Recordings) (born 1971), British head of label XL Recordings
* Richard T. Russell, British computer scientist
* , a United States Navy attack submarine, 1975–1994
* Richard Russell, American airport ground operator involved in the 2018 Horizon Air Q400 incident
Jelena Janković

**Jelena Janković** (born 28 February 1985 in Belgrade) is a professional tennis player from Serbia. She is a former world no.1 singles player. Janković reached 2008 US Open finals where she lost to Serena Williams in straight sets.
## Career statistics
### Grand Slam finals
#### Singles: 1 (0–1)
#### Mixed Doubles: 1 (1–0)
### Grand Slam tournament record
### Singles
### Doubles
### Mixed Doubles
## References
Viceroy

A **viceroy** is a royal official who rules an area in the name of the King (or Queen). The word is made of 'vice' (Latin for 'in place of') and 'roy' (French, meaning 'king').

, the last *viceroy* of New Spain (September 20, 1816—May 31, 1820).]]

The title was used when an empire has widespread territories which the monarch would rarely visit. It was used regularly by the Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Habsburg and British empires. In the British Empire a viceroy was only appointed in the case of British India, and only then for Lord Canning in 1858. Otherwise it was just a ceremonial name for the Governors-General.
Cale Yarborough

event.]]
**William "Caleb" Cale Yarborough** (March 27, 1939 &ndash; December 31, 2023) was a NASCAR Winston Cup Series driver and was one of the series personalities.

## History 
Yarborough is a three-time Winston Cup Champion, winning the series, 1976, 1977 and 1978. He is the only driver to only win three consecutive titles. His wins was placed at number 5, Yaroborough won the Daytona 500 five times in his career. His win coming from Wood Brothers Racing in his career, the second in 1977 for Junior Johnson, and back to back wins in 1983 and 1984, In 1984, he became the first driver to qualify for the Daytona 500 with a speed of .

He was involved in a wreck in the 1979 Daytona 500.

### Early career 
As a young kid, Yaroborough attended the Southern 500 as a spectator without a ticket, by 1958, he was able to be competing in the Grand National Circuit, In 1965, He was involved in a wreck by Sam McQuagg, Yaroborough's car sailed over the guardrail after tangling with McQuagg's car, Yaroborough tried to make a pass with McQuagg, but their tenders touched Yaroborugh's car went airborne, The car came to rest against a telephone pole outside the track, Yaroborough, who was uninjured, said "I knew I was in trouble when I saw the grass, because I knew there ain't no grass on the racetrack",

On February 25, 1968, he won his first big time race as he beat LeeRoy Yarbrough by less than a second to win the 1968 Daytona 500, Yarborough would win five more races incuding the Southern 500 by four car lengths above David Pearson.

Early in his career, Yarborough competed in the Indianapolis 500, racing in 1966-1967 and 1971-1972.

### Sports Illustrated Car Exposure 
He captured his second Daytona 500 in 1977, It was so important that Sports Illustrated put him on cover after his second Daytona 500 win, one of the first stock car drivers that cover on the legendary sports magazine, (see A.J. Foyt).

### Awards 
* Yarborough was inducted by the International Motrosports Hall of Fame in 1993
* He was inducted in the National Motorsports Press Association Hall of Fame in 1994
* He was inducted in the court of legends at Charlotte Motor Speedway in 1996
* He was inducted in the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 1994.

### Acting 
Two episodes of the TV show The Dukes of Hazzard, was featured Cale playing himself, "Cale comes to the Hazzard" in 1984 and "Cale meets the Hazzard in 1979".

### Death 
Yarborough died under hospice care in Florence, South Carolina from problems caused by a "rare" genetic disorder on December 31, 2023. He was 84.

## Related pages 
* List of NASCAR drivers

## References
Mehrdad Pahlbod

**Mehrdad Pahlbod** (&lrm;; 16 March 1917 – 9 August 2018) was an Iranian politician. He served as the Minister of Culture and Arts from 1964 to 1978. He was the first culture minister of Iran. He was a member of the Iranian royal family through his marriage to Shams Pahlavi, the sister of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran.

Pahlbod was born in Tehran. He married Shams Pahlavi in 1945. They also became Roman Catholics in the 1940s. Pahlavi died in 1996.

Pahlbod turned 100 in 2017. He died on 9 August 2018 in Los Angeles, California, United States. He was 101.

## References
Democratic Alliance

**The Democratic Alliance**, popularly known as the **DA**, is the main opposition political party in South Africa. It is led by John Steenhuisen.

## References
2019 NASCAR Gander Outdoors Truck Series

The **NASCAR Gander Outdoors Truck Series**  will be the 25th season of third-highest stock-car racing in the United States, the season will begin with the NextEra Energy Resources 250 at Daytona International Speedway and end with the Ford EcoBoost 200 at Homestead-Miami Speedway, Gander Outdoors began as the title sponsor as Camping World decided not to remain as title sponsor.

## Teams and drivers 
### Complete schedule 
### Limited schedule 
### Changes 
## Schedule 
The schedule, comprising of 23 races, was released on June 15, 2018.

## References
Bad Balance

**Bad Balance** is a Russian hip hop group. They also perform under the name **Bad B.**.

It was formed in 1989 by breakdancer and rapper Vlad Valov, also known as *Master SheFF* or *SHEFF*, and by DJ Gleb Matveyev, known as *DJ LA*. First it was based in Donetsk in modern Ukraine, later the musicians relocated to Russia's Saint Petersburg and now this is a Moscow-based group.

Bad Balance are known as one of the first groups in Russia and Soviet Union, which perform hip hop music. Bad Balance actively promoted the hip hop culture in Russia.
* 2001: *Каменный лес*
* 2003: *Мало-по-малу*
* 2007: *Легенды гангстеров*
* 2009: *Семеро одного не ждут*
* 2012: *World Wide*
* 2013: *Криминал 90-х*
* 2014: *Северная мистика*
* 2016: *Политика*

## Other websites 
* Official website 

## References
Umbrella Movement

]]
The **Umbrella Movement** () was a political formation that brought about the 2014 Hong Kong protests. It was formed in 2014 as a means of getting the democracy of Hong Kong from China. In 2019, nine of the initiators were found guilty in a Hong Kong court for inciting public nuisance.

## References
Sexual addiction

**Sexual addiction** is when people engage in sexual activities, especially sexual intercourse, even if this has negative consequences for them. Some scientists believe it is one of several sex-related disorders within an umbrella concept known as hypersexual disorder.  

The word *sexual dependence* also refers to those reporting being unable to control their sexual urges, behavior, or thoughts. Other related models of pathological sexual behavior include hypersexuality, erotomania, Don Juanism (or Don Juanitaism), and paraphilia-related disorders.

Not all people agree that the condition sexual addicion exists. There is considerable debate among psychiatrists, psychologists, sexologists, and other specialists whether compulsive sexual behavior constitutes an addiction. They also disagree about its  classification and possible diagnosis. Research on animals has shown that compulsive sexual behavior uses the same mechanism of action that is also responsible for  drug addiction in laboratory animals. As of 2018, neither the DSM or ICD medical classifications recognise sexual addiction as a valid diagnosis.

## References
FireKeepers Casino 400

The **FireKeepers Casino 400** is a NASCAR Cup Series race held annually at Michigan International Speedway in Brooklyn, Michigan. It is the first of two races held at Michigan, with the other one being the Consumers Energy 400 in August.

This particular event had one of the title sponsorship arrangements, Miller Brewing Company sponsored the race from 1984-1998, In 2006, 3M signed a three-year sponsorship for the race, but after one moved its sponsorship to the August race, Starting in 2008, LifeLock began as title sponsor pending the sponsorship by the speedway, but left after two, The LifeLock 400 was the race formerly known as the Banquet 400 in 2007, From 2012-2015, Quicken Loans sponsored the race, and was replaced by FireKeepers Casino for 2016.

The 1999 race, won by Dale Jarrett, went without a caution, At an average speed of 173.957 mph, It set NASCAR all-time record for a 400-mile race, In many seasons, the race falls on Father's Day weekend.

## Past winners 
## References 
## Other websites
Namibia National Students Organisation

The **Namibia National Students Organisation (NANSO)** is a student organisation which advocates for educational reforms for  Namibian students. It was formed in 1984, four years before Namibia's independence as a means of providing equal opportunities for Namibian students who were excluded by Apartheid rule rules. 

## Student Representation
NANSO has been representing Namibian students nationally since its inception in 1984. In 2016, the student organisation organised mass movements of Namibian students to demand free registration fees at the country's two major universities.

## Notable Former Leaders
## Regional Leadership (Khomas)
## References
Peya Mushelenga

**Peya Mushelenga** (born 1975) is a Namibian politician and poet. He is a SWAPO MP. Since February 2018, he has been the minister of Urban and Rural Development.

## References
Mikhail Shakhov

**Mikhail Afanasyevich Shakhov** (; 20 November 1931 – 8 August 2018) was a Soviet bantamweight freestyle wrestler. He competed at the 1956 and the 1960 Summer Olympics and won a bronze medal in 1956.
## Death
Shakhov died on 8 August 2018 in Kyiv, Ukraine, aged 86.

## References
Levoncourt

**Levoncourt** may refer to the following places in France:
* Levoncourt, Meuse, a commune in the Meuse department
* Levoncourt, Haut-Rhin, a commune in the Haut-Rhin department
Franklin, Alabama

**Franklin** is a town in Macon County, Alabama, United States. The 2020 census placed the population at 590.

## References
Savigneux

**Savigneux** may refer to the following places in France:
* Savigneux, Ain, a commune in the department of Ain
* Savigneux, Loire, a commune in the department of Loire
Schinznach (disambiguation)

**Schinznach** may refer to:
* Schinznach-Bad, Aargau, Switzerland
* Schinznach-Dorf, a former municipality in Aargau, Switzerland
* Schinznach, a new municipality created in 2014 in Aargau, Switzerland
Goms

**Goms** may refer to:
* Goms (region), the upper most part of the Valais, Switzerland
* Goms (district), in the canton of Valais, Switzerland
* Goms, Valais, a municipality in Valais, Switzerland, created in 2017
* GOMS, method in human–computer interaction

## Other 
* Obergoms, a municipality in Valais, Switzerland, created in 2009
Copyright status of work by the U.S. government

Anything that  is written as "a work prepared by an officer or employee" of the United States federal government "as part of that person's official duties," is permitted to be used without a penalty and is in the public domain. More details of this rule, as defined by the United States copyright law of the United States copyright law, is available. Such writings are not protected under U.S. law. This rule may not be true in other countries.

## References
Chavornay

**Chavornay** is the name of several places:
* Chavornay, Ain, a commune of the Ain department, in France
* Chavornay, Switzerland, a municipality of the Vaud canton, in Switzerland
Chavornay, Switzerland

**Chavornay** is a municipality of the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 January 2017, the former municipalities of Essert-Pittet and Corcelles-sur-Chavornay merged into the municipality of Chavornay.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website 
* 
*
United Party for National Development

**United Party For National Development (UPND)** is a political party in Zambia. It was the country's main opposition party until 2021, when the party president, businessman Hakainde Hichilema, was elected president.

## References
2018 Horizon Air Q400 incident

On August 10, 2018, a Horizon Air Bombardier Dash 8 Q400 was stolen from Seattle–Tacoma International Airport ("Sea–Tac") in SeaTac, Washington.

The man responsible was 29-year-old Richard Russell. He was a Horizon Air ground service operator with no piloting experience.

Russell performed an unauthorized takeoff and flew southward as F-15 fighter jets were scrambled to take down the plane. Sea–Tac air traffic control made radio contact with Russell. He was killed when the plane crashed on sparsely populated Ketron Island in Puget Sound.

## References
Eurocentrism

in the 1970s]]

**Eurocentrism** (also **Western-centrism**) is a worldview about the works and criticism of Western civilization. The exact beliefs of the term changes from the entire Western world to only Europe or even just Western Europe (especially during the Cold War). 

When applied to history, it may refer to a stance towards European colonialism and other forms of imperialism.

## References
## Other websites
*Critiques of Eurocentrism Bibliography
Steve Oedekerk

**Steven Brent "Steve" Oedekerk** (born November 27, 1961) is an American comedian, director, editor, producer, screenwriter and actor. Oedekerk is best known for his works with actor Jim Carrey and director Tom Shadyac. He starred in the *Ace Ventura* franchise, on "Thumbmation" shorts and his movie *Kung Pow: Enter the Fist* (2002).

## Filmography
**Acting roles**

### Television
**Acting roles**

## References
## Other websites
*
*Steve Oedekerk on Internet Movie Database
*O Entertainment on Internet Movie Database
SeaTac, Washington

**SeaTac**  is a city in southern King County, Washington, United States. It is a suburb of Seattle, Washington. The name *SeaTac* is a combination of *Seattle* and *Tacoma*. It is named from the Seattle–Tacoma International Airport.

The city of SeaTac is  in area and has a population of 31,454 according to the 2020 census. Residents voted for incorporation on March 14, 1989, and the city incorporated in February 1990.

## References
Camel toe

**Camel toe,** or **cameltoe,** is slang for when the outline of a woman's labia majora is seen in tightly fitting clothes. The male equivalent of cameltoe is *mooseknuckle or manbulge*. It is called a "camel toe" because of how the woman's labia outline is similar to that of a camel's toe. 

Camel toe happens as a result of wearing tight-fitting clothes, such as shorts, leggings or swimwear.

## References
Labia majora

(with anatomical features): 1 - Clitoral hood, 2. Clitoris, 3. Labia majora, 4. Urinary opening, 5. Labia minora, 6. Anus, 7. Vaginal opening, 8. Perineum ]]
The **labia majora** (singular: *labium majus*) are two well known areas where the skin folds that extend downward and backward from the mons pubis to the perineum. Together with the labia minora they form the labia of the vulva.

The labia majora are homologous to the male scrotum.

## References
## Other websites
* Labia Majora Medical Definition
U Lacertae

**U Lacertae** is a binary star located in the Lacerta constellation. The main star is a red supergiant 1,022 times larger than our Sun.

## Related pages 
* VV Cephei

## References
WOH G64

**WOH G64** is a symbiotic binary with a yellow hypergiant star in the constellation of Dorado. It was the first star outside of the Milky Way to have a direct image taken of it. 

It was formerly thought to be one of the largest known stars in the known universe with a radius of about 1,540 times that of the Sun, however, in 2024 it rapidly transitioned into a yellow hypergiant, shrinking to a smaller radius 800 times that of the Sun, with a temperature of 4,700 kelvin.

WOH G64 is surrounded by a thick dust envelope of about a light year in diameter. This envelope is made of expelled material and is three to nine times the Sun's mass. It was created by the strong stellar wind. If placed at the center of the Solar System, the star's photosphere would engulf the orbit of Mars.

## References
Patriotic Front

**Patriotic Front** is a political party in Zambia. It has formed in 2001 by Michael Sata as a breakaway from the MMD after he had felt discontent of not being chosen as Frederick Chiluba. It has been the country's rulling party since 2011.

## References
ZANU–PF

**ZANU-PF** is a political party in Zimbabwe. It came into power when Zimbabwe gained independence from British rule in 1980 .

## References
SCUM Manifesto

**SCUM Manifesto** is a radical feminist manifesto by Valerie Solanas, published in 1967. It argues that men have "ruined" the world, and that it is up to women to fix it. To achieve this goal, it suggests the formation of SCUM, an organization dedicated to overthrowing society and eliminating the male sex. The Manifesto is widely regarded as satirical, but based on legitimate philosophical and social concerns. It has been reprinted at least ten times in English, translated into thirteen languages, and excerpted several times.

The SCUM Manifesto suggested that men, seen as 'incomplete females', longed for qualities traditionally associated with women, leading to misogyny and societal issues. Men’s skill in public relations obscured this truth, convincing many women that gender roles were reversed.

## References
Gabriela Michetti

**Marta Gabriela Michetti Illia** (; born 28 May 1965) is an Argentine politician. She was the 36th Vice President of Argentina from 10 December 2015 through 10 December 2019 alongside President Mauricio Macri. Her and Isabel Martínez de Perón, are the only women to hold the office.

Michetti is member of the Republican Proposal *(PRO)* and Cambiemos ''(Let's change)'' coalition. She was Deputy Chief of Government in Buenos Aires from 2009 to 2013, working with then-Mayor Macri. He was Senator for Buenos Aires since 2013 to 2016.

She is great-grandniece of former President of Argentina, Dr. Arturo Umberto Illia.
 Mahathir Mohamad on May 6, 2019]]

## References
Parker Solar Probe

***Parker Solar Probe*** is a NASA robotic space probe heading towards the outer corona of the Sun. Its distance to the sun, is around 6.0 million kilometers (as of 2024's fourth quarter).

It will reach to within 8.86 solar radii (6.2 million kilometers or 3.85 million miles) from the "surface" of the Sun and is currently the fastest spacecraft ever built and will travel, at closest approach, as fast as .

## Overview 
It was launched on August 12, 2018. This was the first time a NASA spacecraft was named after a living person, honoring  physicist Eugene Parker.

A memory card having the names of over 1.1 million people was mounted on a plaque and installed below the spacecraft’s high-gain antenna on May 18, 2018.

The card also contains photos of Parker, professor emeritus at the University of Chicago, and a copy of his 1958 scientific paper.

## Special Material Technology 
Because of how close the probe will be to the Sun, it will experience very high temperatures. To make sure that the probe is not damaged by the hot environment, engineers had to design a special shield to protect the sensitive components on the probe. The shield is made up of five layers. The outermost layer is a white ceramic layer which reflects away the Sun's rays. By reflecting the rays away, it prevents the shield from heating up too much. The second layer is a barrier layer which connects the ceramic layer to the middle layer. The middle layer is a carbon-carbon sheet which is very light and strong. This helps keep the shield in one piece. The fourth layer is a carbon foam which is very light and does not conduct heat well. This again helps with keeping the temperature low. The fifth and final layer is a second carbon sheet which makes the entire shield rigid enough for spaceflight.

Since the probe was launched from a rocket, it was very important to minimize its weight. If it was too heavy, the rocket would not be able to launch it far enough to complete its mission. Because of the well engineered materials in the shield, the entire shield only weighs 73 kg. That is about the same weight as an average adult human.

## References
Eugene Parker

**Eugene Newman Parker** (June 10, 1927 &ndash; March 15, 2022) was an American solar astrophysicist. In the mid-1950s—developed the theory of the supersonic solar wind and predicted the Parker spiral shape of the solar magnetic field in the outer solar system. 

In 1987, Parker proposed that the solar corona might be heated by myriad tiny "nanoflares" (similar to solar flares) that would happen all over the surface of the Sun.

Parker spent four years at the University of Utah and has been at the University of Chicago since 1955. Parker was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1967.

In 2017, NASA renamed its *Solar Probe Plus* to *Parker Solar Probe* in his honor, marking the first time NASA had named a spacecraft after a living person. 

In 2018, the American Physical Society awarded him the Medal for Exceptional Achievement in Research.

Parker died on March 15, 2022 from problems caused by Parkinson's disease at a retirement home in Hyde Park, Chicago, Illinois at the age of 94.

## References
Houghton, Michigan

**Houghton** () is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan's Upper Peninsula and largest city in the Copper Country on the Keweenaw Peninsula. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 8,386. It is the county seat of Houghton County.

## References
Huntington Woods, Michigan

**Huntington Woods** is a suburb of Detroit. It is in southeastern Oakland County, Michigan. The population was 6,388 at the 2020 census.

The western part of the Detroit Zoo is in Huntington Woods. In 2013, Huntington Woods was ranked the #10 best suburb to live in by Market Watch.

## References
Milford, Michigan

**Milford** is a village in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 6,520 at the 2020 census.

## References
Houghton Lake, Michigan

**Houghton Lake** is an unincorporated community in Roscommon Township, Roscommon County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The Census Bureau called the settlement a census-designated place (CDP). The population was 5,294 at the 2020 census.

## References
Upper Peninsula of Michigan

The **Upper Peninsula of Michigan** (**UP**), also known as **Upper Michigan**, is the northern of the two major peninsulas that make up the U.S. state of Michigan. The peninsula is north by Lake Superior, on the east by the St. Marys River, on the southeast by Lake Michigan and Lake Huron, and on the southwest by Wisconsin.

The Upper Peninsula has 29% of the land area of Michigan but just 3% of its total population. Residents are frequently called *Yoopers*.

The peninsula's largest cities are Marquette, Sault Ste. Marie, Escanaba, Menominee, Houghton, and Iron Mountain.

Maple syrup is a highly prized local delicacy.

## References
Cath Kidston Limited

**Cath Kidston Limited** was registered with Companies House, on 3 April 1993. In 2009, the company's profits jumped more than 60 percent from £2.9million to £4.6million. This was partly due to new store openings. She kept some shares. She is the company's Creative Director. She designed mobile phones for Nokia and the Carphone Warehouse in 2006. She worked with Roberts to design radios, from 2005 onwards. In 2008 she worked with Tesco to produce shopping bags made from plastic bottles,. The bags were sold to raise money for Marie Curie Cancer Care. They raised almost £500000. The bags saved about 6000000 plastic bottles from being used as landfill.

## References
Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan

**Sault Ste. Marie**  is a city in, and the county seat of, Chippewa County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  It is near the northeastern end of Michigan's Upper Peninsula.  The population was  13,337 at the 2020 census.

## References
Escanaba, Michigan

**Escanaba** ( ) is a port city in Delta County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is located on Little Bay de Noc in the state's Upper Peninsula. The population was 12,450 at the 2020 census. It is the seat of government of Delta County.

## References
Iron Mountain, Michigan

**Iron Mountain** is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan.  The population was 7,518 at the 2020 census.  It is the county seat of Dickinson County. It is in the state's Upper Peninsula. Iron Mountain was named for the valuable iron ore found in the area.

## References
Richard L. Hanna

**Richard Louis Hanna** (January 25, 1951 &ndash; March 15, 2020) was an American politician. He was a U.S. Representative from New York from 2011 to 2017. He was known for being the second Republican U.S. Representative to support same-sex marriage in the United States.

Hanna was known for his bipartisanship. He was against Obamacare and the Patriot Act. Hanna supported Equal Rights Amendment, abortion and supported female Democratic candidates.

In December 2015, Hanna announced he would not run for re-election in the 2016 election citing his retirement due to family issues.

On August 2, 2016, Hanna became the first sitting Republican member of Congress to say that he would vote for Hillary Clinton for President over Donald Trump in the 2016 presidential election.

Hanna died on March 15, 2020 under hospice care in New Hartford, New York of cancer, aged 69.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Saugerties, New York

**Saugerties** () is a town in Ulster County, New York, United States. The population was 19,038 at the 2020 census. Part of the town is inside Catskill Park.

## References
Chief Keef

**Keith Farrelle Cozart** (born August 15, 1995), better known by his stage name **Chief Keef**, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer. He was born in the South Side, Chicago and raised in Washington Park. Keef's music first became popular among high school students from Chicago's South Side during his teen years in the early 2010s. 

In 2012, Keef's popular street single "I Don't Like" was remixed by rapper Kanye West, reaching the *Billboard* Top 10. His debut album *Finally Rich* was released in December 2012, and featured the successful singles "I Don't Like" and "Love Sosa".

## Controversies
### Grooming allegations
In 2023, Keef, who was then 27, and then 28 years old was accused of grooming porn actress and former rapper Bhad Bhabie, who was then 19, and then 20 years old, due to the seven year age difference in their past relationship, Bhabie then took to Twitter to deny the allegations, claiming that she wasn't groomed since she was already over the age of consent while they dated, and also tweeted that she was confused about why a seven year age difference in a relationship is more controversial between a 20 and a 27 year old then a 30 and a 37 year old, Keef, however, has not spoken on the situation.

## References
Logic (rapper)

**Sir Robert Bryson Hall II** (born January 22, 1990), known by his professional name **Logic**, is an American rapper and record producer. He has released seven studio albums and received two Grammy Award nominations.

He was born in Rockville, Maryland, to a black father and a white mother. and raised in Gaithersburg.

## Career 
Logic began his musical career in early 2009 releasing *Logic: The Mixtape* and a mixtape titled *Young, Broke & Infamous* in 2010. He signed with Visionary Music Group, before releasing three more mixtapes over three years.

His fourth mixtape, *Young Sinatra: Welcome to Forever* (2013), made him very popular. He later released his first studio album *Under Pressure* in October 2014. It ed at number four on the U.S. *Billboard* 200. Logic's second studio album *The Incredible True Story* was released in November 2015. It received mostly positive reviews from critics.

Logic's third studio album *Everybody* (2017) was his first to debut at number one in the U.S on the Billboard 200. In the album, Logic released his most popular song, "1-800-273-8255", which reached number three on the *Billboard* Hot 100. 

In 2018, Logic along with Sam Smith released a version of Smith's single "Pray".

## Notes
## References
Gaithersburg, Maryland

**Gaithersburg**, officially the **City of Gaithersburg**, is a city in Montgomery County, Maryland. At the time of the 2020 U.S. Census, Gaithersburg had a population of 69,657. It is the third largest incorporated city in the state, behind Baltimore and Frederick. Gaithersburg was incorporated as a town in 1878 and as a city in 1968.

## References
Diplo

**Thomas Wesley Pentz** (born November 10, 1978), better known by his stage name **Diplo**, is an American disc jockey and record producer. He is the co-creator and lead member of the electronic dancehall music project Major Lazer. He is known for his works with the disc jockey Skrillex.

Diplo founded and manages record company Mad Decent, as well as co-founding the non-profit organization Heaps Decent. He has worked as a school teacher in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

His 2013 EP, *Revolution*, debuted at number 68 on the US *Billboard* 200. The EP’s title track was later featured in a commercial for Hyundai and is featured on the *WWE 2K16* soundtrack.

On February 24, 2016, Diplo supported Bernie Sanders as the Democratic presidential nominee. Sanders' ad "It's A Revolution" is soundtracked by Diplo's 2013 track "Revolution".

## References
Tansu Çiller

**Tansu Çiller** (born 24 May 1946) is a Turkish economist and politician. She was the 22nd Prime Minister of Turkey from 1993 to 1996. 

Çiller is Turkey's first and only female prime minister. She was the leader of the True Path Party. She was the Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1996 to 1997.

## References
Bülent Ecevit

**Mustafa Bülent Ecevit** (28 May 1925 – 5 November 2006) was a Turkish politician, poet, writer, scholar, and journalist. He served as the Prime Minister of Turkey four times between 1974 and 2002. He served as prime minister of Turkey in 1974, 1977, 1978–79, and 1999–2002. He was the leader of the Republican People's Party (CHP) between 1972 and 1980, and in 1989 he became the leader of the Democratic Left Party (DSP).

## Personal life 
He was born in Istanbul to a middle-class family. Ecevit's father Fahri Ecevit was a professor in Ankara University. His mother, Fatma Nazlı, was among the first women in Turkey to paint professionally. Ecevit said his mother was of Bosniak ancestry and his paternal grandfather was of Kurdish ancestry. He was married to political writer and politician Rahşan Ecevit.

## References
Mutare

**Mutare** is the fourth largest city in Zimbabwe. It is the capital city of Machinaland Province and has about 190,000 people.

## References
Mbale

**Mbale** is a city in eastern Uganda. It is the municipal capital of Mbale District and also its administrative city.

## References
Geoffrey Bwalya Mwamba

**Geoffrey Bwalya Mwamba** (born 15 March 1959) is a Zambian politician. He is the Vice President of the United Party For National Development (UPND).

## References
Labia minora

(with anatomical features): 1 - Clitoral hood, 2. Clitoris, 3. Labia majora, 4. Urinary opening, 5. Labia minora, 6. Anus, 7. Vaginal opening, 8. Perineum ]]

The **labia minora**, Latin for *smaller lips,* singular: *labium minus "*smaller lip*"*, also known as the **inner labia**, **inner lips**, **vaginal lips** or **nymphae**, are two flaps of skin on either side of the human vagina. It is an opening in the vulva. It is between the labia majora (the Latin for *larger lips;* also called outer labia, or outer lips). 

The labia minora vary widely in size, color, and shape from individual to individual.

 (top row). For others, they are longer and clearly visible even when the woman is standing (bottom row). The vulva of women in the top row are often called "innies" and the bottom called "outies".]]

## References
Ahmet Davutoğlu

**Ahmet Davutoğlu** (; born 26 February 1959) is a Turkish politician. He was the Prime Minister of Turkey and leader of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) from August 2014 to May 2016. 

Davutoğlu was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2009 to 2014. He was elected as an AKP Member of Parliament for Konya in 2011 and was re-elected as an MP in 2015. He resigned as Prime Minister on 22 May 2016.

## References
Mesut Yılmaz

**Ahmet Mesut Yılmaz** (6 November 1947 &ndash; 30 October 2020) a Turkish politician. He was the leader of the Motherland Party from 1991 to 2002.

Three times, he was the Prime Minister of Turkey. His first two terms lasted just months (in 1991 and 1996), while the third ran from June 1997 to January 1999.

Yılmaz died on 30 October 2020 from lung cancer at a hospital in Istanbul at the age of 72.

## References
## Other websites
* Biography at Motherland Party's website
* Personal Website
* Biography at biyografi.net (Turkish)
Necmettin Erbakan

**Necmettin Erbakan** (29 October 1926 – 27 February 2011) was a Turkish politician. He was the Prime Minister of Turkey from 1996 to 1997. He was forced by the military to step down as prime minister and was later banned from politics.

Erbakan was the founder and leader of several prominent Islamic political parties in Turkey from the 1960s to the 2010s. The famous one were the National Order Party (MNP), the National Salvation Party (MSP), the Welfare Party (RP), the Virtue Party (FP), and the Felicity Party (SP).

## References
Lay Me Down (Sam Smith song)

"**Lay Me Down**" is a song by English singer Sam Smith. The song was the lead single from Smith's first studio album *In the Lonely Hour* (2014). The song was released in the United Kingdom on 15 February 2013. It was written by Smith, Jimmy Napes and Elviin and produced by Napes and Steve Fitzmaurice.

The song was re-released in February 2015 as the sixth single from the album. This time reaching number 8 on the US *Billboard* Hot 100 and number 15 on the UK Singles Chart. A third version featuring John Legend was recorded for the British charity telethon Comic Relief. It  reached number one in the United Kingdom in March 2015.

## References
Pietermaritzburg

**Pietermaritzburg** is a city in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It is the capital of the province and the second largest in terms of size, after Durban.

## References
Money on My Mind

"**Money on My Mind**" is a song by English singer Sam Smith. It is the second single from his debut studio album, *In the Lonely Hour* (2014). The song was released in Italy on 27 December 2013. It was later released in the UK on 12 February 2014 and in Germany on 16 February 2014.

The song was released with mixed reviews.

## References
Stay with Me (Sam Smith song)

"**Stay with Me**" is a song by English singer Sam Smith. The song was released through his debut studio album *In the Lonely Hour* (2014). It was released in the United States on 14 April 2014 and in the United Kingdom on 18 May 2014. 

"Stay with Me" is a gospel-inspired ballad.  The song was written by Smith, James Napier, and William Phillips. 

Tom Petty and Jeff Lynne receiving co-writer credits due to the song's similarity to Petty's single "I Won't Back Down".

## References
Latch (song)

"**Latch**" is a song by English garage house duo Disclosure by English singer Sam Smith. It was released as a digital download on 8 October 2012. It was the lead single from their debut studio album, *Settle* (2013). It was on the UK Singles Chart at number 26 and has peaked at number 11. 

## References
Too Good at Goodbyes

"**Too Good at Goodbyes**" is a song by English singer Sam Smith. It was written by James Napier, Tor Hermansen, Mikkel Eriksen and Smith, and produced by Napes, Steve Fitzmaurice and StarGate. 

It was released on 8 September 2017 through Capitol Records. It was the lead single from his second studio album, *The Thrill of It All* (2017).

The song reached number one in the UK and number four on the *Billboard* Hot 100.

## References
Prime Minister of Turkey

The **Prime Minister of the Republic of Turkey** (Turkish: *Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Başbakanı*) was the head of government of the Republic of Turkey from 1920 to 2018. 

The prime minister was the leader of a political coalition in the Turkish parliament (Meclis) and the leader of the cabinet. 

The last holder of the position is Binali Yıldırım who took office on 24 May 2016. The vote to transform the nation to a presidential system in the constitutional referendum of 2017 means the office was removed after the general election of 2018.

## Prime ministers
List of prime ministers of Turkey

## Living former prime ministers
## Other websites
*The Prime Minister's Office
The Thrill of It All (Sam Smith album)

***The Thrill of It All*** is the second studio album by English singer and songwriter Sam Smith. It was released on 3 November 2017 through Capitol Records.

"Too Good at Goodbyes" was released as the album's lead single on 8 September 2017. It topped the UK Singles Chart and made the top five on the US *Billboard* Hot 100.

## References
Pray (Sam Smith song)

"**Pray**" is a song by English singer-songwriter Sam Smith. It was written by Smith, Larrance Dopson, Darryl Pearson,
Timbaland, Jose Valasquez and Jimmy Napes. The song was released on 6 October 2017 through Capitol Records. It was a promotional single from Smith's second studio album, *The Thrill of It All* (2017). 

A new version of the song featuring American rapper Logic was released as the third single from *The Thrill of It All* on 29 March 2018.

## References
Willie Brown (politician)

**Willie Lewis Brown Jr.** (born March 20, 1934) is an American politician. He is a member of the Democratic Party. Brown was in the California State Assembly for thirty years, spending 15 years as its speaker and later as the 41st mayor of San Francisco.

Brown was the first African American Mayor of San Francisco. 

*The San Francisco Chronicle* called Brown "one of San Francisco's most famous mayors" who had "celebrity beyond the city's boundaries."

## References
Jim Hood

**James Matthew Hood** (born May 15, 1962) is an American lawyer. He was the 39th Attorney General of Mississippi.  He is a Democrat. He was elected in 2003 and left office in 2020. 

He was the Democratic nominee for Governor of Mississippi in 2019. He lost the election to Tate Reeves.

## References
Sylvester Turner

**Sylvester Turner** (September 27, 1954 &ndash; March 5, 2025) was an American Democratic politician and lawyer. Turner was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Texas's 18th district from January 3, 2025 until his death two months later on March 5, 2025. He was the 62nd Mayor of Houston, Texas from 2016 to 2024. Turner was a member of the Texas House of Representatives from 1989 until 2016.

## Early life
Turner was born on September 27, 1954, in Houston, Texas, as the sixth of nine children. He studied at the University of Houston, where he was Speaker of the Student Senate. Turner earned a J.D. degree from Harvard Law School. 

## Political career
Turner ran for mayor of Houston in 1991, losing in the runoff election to Bob Lanier.

Turner won the 2015 election, defeating Bill King in the runoff by 4,082 votes out of 212,696 votes cast in the closest mayoral election in Houston history by percentage.

In 2024, after the death of Sheila Jackson Lee, Turner announced his candidacy to fill her congressional seat and was nominated at the convention to replace her as the Democratic nominee in the November general election. He won the November 2024 general election.

## Death
In November 2022, Turner said that he had been diagnosed with bone cancer, for which he had surgery and received six weeks of radiation treatment.

On the afternoon of March 4, 2025, Turner became sick at his office in Washington, D.C., but after receiving medical attention was able to attend President Donald Trump's address to Congress that evening. He was the first member of the 119th Congress to die in office and the second incumbent representative for Texas's 18th district to die in a one-year period, after Sheila Jackson Lee.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*Legislative page
*Our Candidates page
*
London Breed

**London Nicole Breed** (born August 11, 1974) is an American Democratic politician. She was the 45th Mayor of San Francisco from 2018 to 2025.  She used to be supervisor for District 5, and was president of the Board of Supervisors from 2015 to 2018.

## Early life 
Breed was raised in San Francisco by her grandmother, Comelia Brown. Along with her grandmother, she lived with her siblings in public housing. In an interview, London talks about remembering being a little girl in her unsafe community. She clearly remembers seeing glass all over the street floors and graffiti on all of the walls. London was a very smart young girl, she loved school and all of her teachers knew she had a bright future ahead of her. In her teen years, Breed attended Galileo High School and soon after, the University of California. 

## Political career 
In 2012, Breed was elected to the San Francisco Board of Supervisors. She became the president of this board. 

### Mayoralty
Breed became *acting* mayor after the death of Mayor Ed Lee. She served in this role from December 12, 2017 to January 23, 2018. Breed won the special election for mayor a few months. Her main opponents in the election were Mark Leno and Jane Kim. Breed was the first black woman and second woman to be elected mayor of San Francisco.  She was sworn in as mayor on July 11, 2018.

During her time as mayor, she has been a supporter of increasing housing in San Francisco, especially during the housing shortage. During her time as mayor, she also had low approval numbers. Some did not like how she handled important issues in the city, including homelessness, crime, and drug addiction.

In June 2024, it was reported that 64% of people did not believe Breed should be reelected and she had a 66% disapproval rating.

In November 2024, Breed lost her re-election campaign to philanthropist Daniel Lurie.

## References
Frank Jordan

**Francis Michael Jordan** (born February 20, 1935) is an American politician. He is a former mayor of San Francisco serving from 1992 to 1996.

## References
Megan Barry

**Megan Christine Barry** (née **Mueller**; born September 22, 1963) is an American businesswoman and politician. Barry was the seventh mayor of the city government of Nashville and Davidson County, its first female mayor. She was mayor from 2015 until March 6, 2018.

In 2018, Barry resigned after pleading guilty to felony theft related to an affair with a city employee who had was the head of her security detail. Barry is a member of the Democratic Party.

## References
David Briley

**Clifton David Briley** (born January 8, 1964) is an American politician. He was the mayor of the Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County. He was elected in 2015 as vice-mayor and was sworn in as acting mayor after Megan Barry's resignation on March 6, 2018. 

Briley won the May 24 special election with 55%. He is the first native of both Nashville and Tennessee since Bill Boner in 1991 to be mayor.

## Notes
## References
Sam Massell

**Samuel A. Massell Jr.** (August 26, 1927 – March 13, 2022) was an American businessman and politician. From 1970 to 1974, he was the 53rd Mayor of Atlanta, Georgia. He is the first Jewish mayor in the city's history.

He died on March 13, 2022, at the age of 94.

## References
## Other websites
* Sam Massell papers from the Digital Library of Georgia
William B. Hartsfield

**William Berry Hartsfield, Sr.** (March 1, 1890 – February 22, 1971), was an American politician. H was the 49th and 51st Mayor of Atlanta, Georgia. His term ran from 1937 to 1941 and again from 1942 to 1962, making him the longest-serving mayor of his native Atlanta, Georgia.

## Other websites
*New Georgia Encyclopedia, Biography
Keisha Lance Bottoms

**Keisha Lance Bottoms** (born January 18, 1970) is an American politician and lawyer. She was the 60th Mayor of Atlanta, Georgia from 2018 until 2022.

She was elected as mayor in 2017, after receiving the most votes in the runoff election (50.4%).

In June 2020, Bottoms became one of the final four finalists for Joe Biden's running mate for the 2020 election.

In July 2020, she was diagnosed with COVID-19 despite not having any symptoms.

On May 6, 2021, Bottoms announced that she would not seek reelection as mayor of Atlanta in the 2021 election.

In June 2022, it was announced that President Joe Biden had picked Bottoms to replace Cedric Richmond as the Director of the Office of Public Liaison.

In April 2025, Bottoms announced that she would run for governor of Georgia in the 2026 election.

## References
Wesley C. Uhlman

**Wesley Carl Uhlman** (born March 23, 1935) is an American politician. He was the 47th mayor of Seattle, Washington from 1970 to 1978.

## References
## Other websites
* Wes Uhlman, Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project, University of Washington. Includes numerous video clips from 2005 interview.
* Guide to the Wesley C. (Wes) Uhlman Mayoral Records at the Seattle Municipal Archives
* Emily Lieb, Uhlman, Wesley Carl (b. 1935), HistoryLink.org Essay 7854, December 21, 2006
Jenny Durkan

**Jenny Anne Durkan** (born May 19, 1958) is an American politician. She was elected Mayor of Seattle in 2017, becoming its first female mayor since the 1920s and the city's second openly LGBT elected mayor.

Durkan was the United States Attorney for the Western District of Washington, appointed by President Barack Obama, from October 2009 through September 2014.

## References
Maurice Ferré

**Maurice A. Ferré** (June 23, 1935 &ndash; September 19, 2019) was an American politician. He was a six-term Mayor of Miami, from 1973 through 1985. Ferré was the first Puerto Rican-born United States mayor and the first Hispanic Mayor of Miami.

He was an unsuccessful candidate in the 2010 elections for the U.S. Senate seat for Florida vacated by Mel Martínez for the Democratic primary.

Ferré died on September 19, 2019 at a Miami hospital from spinal cancer at the age of 84.

## References
Tomás Pedro Regalado

**Tomás Pedro Regalado y Valdez** (born May 24, 1947) is a Cuban-American politician and former broadcast journalist. He was the 42nd Mayor of Miami, Florida from 2009 to 2017. He is a member of the Republican Party, although as Miami Mayor, his office is nonpartisan.

## References
## Other websites
* Tomás Pedro Regalado at miamigov.com
*
Xavier Suárez

**Xavier Louis Suárez** (born May 21, 1949) is an American politician. He was the first Cuban-born Mayor of Miami. He is currently a Miami-Dade county commissioner. Suárez was first  elected Mayor in 1985. He was re-elected in 1987 and again in 1989 for a four-year term. Suarez was highly popular as Mayor of Miami.

He became known in the 1990s for refusing to accept Nelson Mandela in Miami due to Mandela's support of Fidel Castro.

His son, Francis X. Suarez is Mayor of the City of Miami.

Suárez unsuccessfully ran for mayor of Miami again in 2025.

## References