open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Sing for You

***Sing for You*** is the second winter special album and fourth EP of the South Korean boy band Exo. The album was released by the label S.M. Entertainment in two versions, Korean and Mandarin on 10 December 2015. *Sing for You* currently has the largest first week sales recorded by the web site monitoring, Hanteo.

## Background and release 
On November 24, 2015, Exo confirmed the upcoming release of the second special winter album after *Miracles in December* (2013). Teaser images for the album began released on December 2. The list of songs from the album, including four new songs and a bonus track "Lightsaber " previously released in November, was announced on December 7. Music videos and the teaser of the song from the album "Sing for You" were released on 8 and 9 December respectively.

## Promotion 
On December 10, 2015, shortly after the release of *Sing for You*, Exo held a showcase with an audience of 1,500 people, to promote the album in the Lotte World in Seoul, South Korea. The showcase was broadcast using the mobile application 'V' of Naver, then the record as the most-watched live throughout the application. Exo began promoting the song "Sing for You" and "Unfair" in music programs of Korea on 12 and 18 December respectively.

## Sales 
*Sing for You* he broke the record of *EXODUS*. The second studio album of Exo, previously served as the album with the highest sales in the first week registered by the website monitoring album sales Hanteo Korea with more than 267,900 copies.

## Tracklist 
## Charts 
;Korean and Chinese versions

;Combined version

## Release history 
## References
Duchy of Nassau

**Nassau** was a duchy which was created after the Holy Roman Empire ended in 1806. It was absorbed by different other states before becoming part of Germany in 1866.

## Location 
Nassau (as a duchy) existed above the Rhine It was near the end where the river came near the French border.

Nassau was also south of the Prussian Empire, Not near the coast of the Rhine. It was named after it's centre Nassau, but it was not its capital. When it helped in Waterloo it ended up in Belgium near Planciontot before being absorbed into Prussia.

## Engagements 
They engaged the French on many occasions, clearly capable of standing up to the French however they were ultimately deafened after an engagement at the town of Smohain and the farm of Frichermont, they became part of the Confederation of the Rhine, Ending their independence, they were annexed by Prussia and became an independent state. Later, Nassau helped in the Battle of Waterloo before being absorbed into the Prussian Empire, and later, the empire of Germany.

## References
Exo's Showtime

'''''Exo's Showtime''''' () is a reality TV show South Korean starring members of the boy band EXO, was issued by the pay channel MBC Every 1 from 28 November 2013 until 13 February 2014.

## Cast 
* Suho
* Sehun
* Xiumin
* D.O.
* Baekhyun
* Kai

* Tao
* Chanyeol
* Chen
* Luhan
* Kris
* Lay

## Episodes 
## Other websites
*Exo's Showtime at mbcplus.com 
*Exo's Showtime at facebook.com
Armando León Bejarano

**Armando León Bejarano Valadez** (April 11, 1916 &ndash; July 6, 2016) was a Mexican orthopedic surgeon, physician, and politician. He was a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). He served as the Governor of Morelos from 1972 until 1982.

Bejarano died on July 6, 2016 in Cuernavaca, Morelos from pneumonia, aged 100. 

## References
El Lebrijano

**Juan Peña Fernández** (8 August 1941 &ndash; 13 July 2016), also known as **Juan Peña "El Lebrijano**" or simply **El Lebrijano**, was a Spanish flamenco singer. He was born in Lebrija, Spain.

In 1964, he won the championship at the Competition of Mairena del Alcor, one of the most important Flamenco music festivals. He was known for working with famous flamenco musician Paco de Lucía. His most famous albums were *Casablanca*, *Open Door* and *Encuentros*.

In 1997 the Spanish Ministry of Culture awarded him the Medalla de Oro al Trabajo (Gold medal working labour) His most recent song was a tribute to his friend, writer Gabriel García Márquez in 2014.

Peña died at his home in Seville, Spain on July 13, 2016, aged 75.

## References
## Other websites
* El Lebrijano Biography at EsFlamenco.com
2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt

A coup d'état attempt took place in Turkey on 15 July 2016, when a group of people tried to take over the government because they disagreed with the way the president, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, was running the country. It is believed that most of these people were from the Turkish Army. Over 100 people were killed and over 1,000 injured. Thousands of soldiers were arrested because they joined the rebellion or for other reasons. Hundreds fled to Greece or other foreign countries. Thousands of teachers, judges and other government employees were fired in the 2016 Turkish purges because of claims.

## References
Rapperswil, Bern

**Rapperswil** is a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is  north of the capital Bern.  On 1 January 2013, the former municipality of Ruppoldsried merged into Rapperswil.  On 1 January 2016, the former municipality of Bangerten merged into Rapperswil.

## References
## Other websites
* Official Website
Army of Mississippi

The **Army of Mississippi** (also called the **Confederate Army of the Mississippi**) was a Confederate army during the American Civil War. It should not be confused with the Union Army of the Mississippi. It was formed on March 29, 1862. The commander was Full General Albert Sidney Johnston with Full General P. G. T. Beauregard as second-in-command. The second army called the Army of Mississippi was created in December 1862, under Lieutenant general John C. Pemberton. It was also called the Army of the West. When both corps (I corps and II corps) were changed into divisions in January 1863, they dropped the name Army of Mississippi. Leonidas Polk had commanded I corps. In May 1864, Polk's troops joined with Joseph E. Johnston's Army of Tennessee to form the third Army of Mississippi. Polk was killed in June 1862 after which the army was simply called Alexander P. Stewart's corps.

## Notes 
## References
List of districts of Jammu and Kashmir

Jammu and Kashmir consists of two divisions: Jammu and Kashmir Valley. Earlier a state, now Union territory of India.

## Districts 
### Jammu division 
### Kashmir valley division 
### Ladakh Region 
## References
Bluebird

The **bluebirds** are a group of medium-sized, mostly insectivorous or omnivorous Passerine birds. They are in the genus *Sialia* of the thrush family (Turdidae). 

Bluebirds are one of the few thrush genera in the Americas. They have blue, or blue and rose beige, plumage. Female birds are less brightly colored than males, although color patterns are similar and there is no noticeable difference in size between the two sexes.

Bluebirds are territorial and prefer open grassland with scattered trees. Predators of young bluebirds in the nests may include snakes, cats, and raccoons. Bird species competing with bluebirds for nesting locations include the common starling, American crow, and house sparrows. House sparrows take over the nesting sites of bluebirds, killing young, smashing eggs, and probably killing adult bluebirds.

Bluebirds species include:

* Eastern bluebird, *Sialia sialis*
* Western bluebird, *Sialia mexicana*
* Mountain bluebird, *Sialia currucoides*

## References
Lemon Tree (Fool's Garden song)

"**Lemon Tree**" is a 1995 song by indie rock band Fools Garden. It became a major hit in Europe and Asia. The song is about a person's depressions and his miserable mind.
Holding company

A **Holding company** is a company, which has the purpose of owning stock  (or shares) of other companies. In most cases, such companies do not sell products or services, they manage the companies they (partly) own. Probably one of the best known holding companies was the "Standard Oil of New Jersey", founded in 1889, which is called ExxonMobil today.
In general, there are three forms:
# the holding company owns stock/shares of other companies; activities are limited to managing the companies.
# in addition to the above, the companies have a common management, which take the strategic decisions.
#in addition to item 1, the management influences the distribution of capital to its daughter companies. The holding is mainly used for managing financial resources.

## References
Corps

A **corps** is a military unit usually made up of two or more divisions. In the United States Army, a corps is the largest tactical unit that can plan and carry out its own s. The term can also be applied to a military unit with a specific function such as a Quartermaster Corps or an Intelligence Corps. It can also mean a body of officers such as a Cadet Corps. The word has other uses. A group of people engaged in the same work can be called a corps. An example is the Peace Corps. The word comes from the Old French *cors* meaning "body, person, corpse, life". That word, in turn, is based on the Latin word *corpus* meaning "body".

## References
Army of the Mississippi

**Army of the Mississippi** was the name given to two Union armies during the American Civil War. Both operated around the Mississippi River and both were active for only a short time.

## First use 
The first army was created on February 23, 1862. It was commanded by Major general John Pope. On February 28, 1862, General Pope began to move against New Madrid, Missouri. The Army then fought at the Battle of Island Number Ten. In October, 1862, Rosecrans was transferred to command the Army of the Ohio and the Army of the Mississippi was disbanded.

## Second use 
In 1863 Major general John Alexander McClernand was put in command of the expedition against the Confederates down the Mississippi.  He was given command of two corps from the Army of the Tennessee. McClernand named his force the "Army of the Mississippi". McClernand was successful in capturing Arkansas Post but he acted without orders. On January 30, 1863, Grant personally took command of the army. The old XIII Corps and XV Corps were returned to the Army of the Tennessee on January 12, 1863.

## References
Carnivorous fungus

*, showing adhesive nets which it uses to trap nematodes.&nbsp; Numbered ticks are 122 &micro;m apart.]]
**Carnivourous fungi** are fungi that get some of their nutrients from trapping animals. These animals are microscopic, or very small. Over two hundred species are known.

Two basic trapping mechanisms have been observed in carnivorous fungi that are predatory on nematodes:
*constricting rings (active traps)
*adhesive structures (passive traps)

## References
* Hauser, J.T. 1985. &nbsp; *Carnivorous Plant Newsletter'' **14**(1): 8-11. [reprinted from Carolina Tips, Carolina Biological Supply Company]

## Other websites
* Nematode Destroying Fungi
Hugo Niebeling

**Hugo Niebeling** (2 February 1931 – 9 July 2016) was a German movie director and producer.

He was known for his work on industrial and music movies. He is thought to be one of the most important figures of these genres in Germany. His work has been said helped create the modern music video. His feature-movie documentary *Alvorada* was nominated for an Academy Award in 1963.

## References
Erny Brenner

**Erny Brenner** (13 September 1931 &ndash; 9 July 2016) was a Luxembourgian association football player. He was a member of the Luxembourg national football team from 1955 to 1965. He was born in Dudelange, Luxembourg.

Brenner died on 9 July 2016 in Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg, aged 84.

## References
Robert Burren Morgan

**Robert Burren Morgan** (October 5, 1925 &ndash; July 16, 2016) was an American politician. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was the United States Senator from the state of North Carolina. He served as senator for a single term from 1975 until 1981.

Morgan died of heart failure on July 16, 2016 at his home in Buies Creek, North Carolina, aged 90.

## References
## Other websites
* Civil Rights Greensboro: Robert Morgan 
* Robert Morgan Papers (#268), East Carolina Manuscript Collection, J. Y. Joyner Library, East Carolina University
Confolens

**Confolens** () is a commune in southwestern France. Confolens is the administrative centre of a largely rural area, which has had an important growth of tourism in recent years.

It is one of the two subprefectures of the Charente department and the capital of the  canton of  Charente-Vienne.

## History
On 1 January 2016, the former *commune* Saint-Germain-de-Confolens was merged with the *commune* of Confolens.

## Geography
Confolens is at the confluence of the Vienne and Goire rivers. The name of this place comes from the Latin word *confluens* that means "confluence".

The city is at  from Angoulême,  from Limoges and  from Poitiers, the three largest cities that are closest to Confolens.

It has an area of  and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

The *communes* that are around Confolens are Brillac, Esse, Saint-Maurice-des-Lions, Ansac-sur-Vienne, Hiesse and Lessac.

### Climate
The climate of Confolens, in the Köppen climate classification, is **Cfb** - Oceanic climate with template summers.

## Population
With a population of 2,721, Confolens has a population density of  inhabitants/km2.

The inhabitants of Confolens are known, in French, as *Confolentais* (women: *Confolentaises*).

## Administration
Confolens is a subprefecture of the Charente department since 1800. It is also the capital of the canton of Charente-Vienne.

## Gallery

Confolens - Église Saint Barthélemy.jpg|Saint Barthélemy church
Confolens pontvieux2.JPG|Pont-Vieux
Confolens hv.JPG|Town hall
Confolens goire pont.JPG|Bridge over the Goire river

## People from Confolens
* Émile Roux (1853-1933), a medical doctor and bacteriologist who was a close collaborator of Louis Pasteur.

## Twin cities
Confolens is a twin town of:
*  Pitlochry, Scotland, since 2007
*  Georgenthal, Germany, since 2007

## Related pages
* Arrondissement of Confolens
* Communes of the Charente department

## References
## Other websites
* Ville de Confolens - official website
Battle of Chancellorsville

The **Battle of Chancellorsville ** (April 30 to May 6, 1863) was a major battle in the American Civil War. It is generally considered to be Confederate General Robert E. Lee’s greatest victory over the Union Army. But the Confederate victory was ed by the loss of Lieutenant general Stonewall Jackson. Jackson was shot and mortally wounded by his own men who mistook the general and his staff for Union cavalry.

## Background 
After the Battle of Fredericksburg the Union army was in a state of . The Army of the Potomac was commanded by Major general Ambrose Burnside. But his generals were in near open revolt against Burnside feeling he was unfit to command. He proudly called them "the finest army on the planet." This placed his army on Lee's flank. This was twice the size of Lee's army at 57,352 men. By the afternoon of April 30, 50,000 Union troops with 108 artillery pieces found themselves at an important road junction. He died 8 days later from pneumonia after losing his left arm.

### Heaviest fighting 
On May 3, The Confederates resumed their attacks forcing Hooker's army to defend the river fords. For unknown reasons Hooker had ordered the artillery back from Hazel Grove. At the time of the attack, most of the artillery had already been removed. This was a costly mistake since the Confederate artillery could now fire down on the union positions with great ease. This finally forced the Union line back to a defensive position with his back to the river. Meanwhile, the other Union forces were advancing on Lee from the east. Lee split his army again and met and defeated the Federals near Salem Church (Fredericksburg). This was by far the bloodiest day of fighting. The fighting at Salem Church resulted in more casualties than the entire First Battle of Bull Run.

## Aftermath 
On May 6, Hooker recrossed the Rappahannock. He lost a total of 17,278 casualties while Lee lost 12,826. It was a tremendous win for Lee. But Lee could not replace Jackson. Hooker was the second general of the Army of the Potomac to be replaced after a single battle. Hooker argued that the cavalry raid failed to cut Lee's supply lines. He complained that the XI Corps, composed mostly of German-Americans and other recent immigrants, ran instead of staying to fight. Oliver O. Howard's XI corps were labeled the "flying Dutchmen" over this incident. But they redeemed themselves at the Battle of Missionary Ridge. Howard would later be promoted over Hooker. But despite laying the blame elsewhere Hooker was replaced by General George G. Meade. In a few weeks, Lee would move north to engage the Union forces again at the Battle of Gettysburg.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Annimation of the Battle of Chanellorsville 
* 
*
Kazimieras Uoka

**Kazimieras Uoka** (4 March 1951 – 16 July 2016) was a Lithuanian politician. He signed the 1990 Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania.

He was born in Kaunas. Uoka graduated from Vilnius University in 1976.

Uoka died on 16 July 2016 in Vilnius, aged 65.

## References
Torpor

**Torpor** is a physiological state of the body. It occurs in some small warm-blooded animals when food is scarce.

Some animals have periods of torpor every day, including hummingbirds.
So do some small mammals, for example, rodent species (such as mice), and bats. Many small marsupials also have daily periods of torpor.

Torpor is a well controlled thermoregulatory process. It is not the result of switching off thermoregulation.

## Related pages 
* Hibernation
* Dormancy

## References
Fatshe leno la rona

"**Blessed Be This Noble Land**" is called "**Fatshe leno la rona**" () in the Tswana language. It is the national anthem of Botswana. Kgalemang Tumediso Motsete wrote the lyrics (words) and composed the music of this song in 1962. Four years later when the country got its independence from the United Kingdom, this anthem was adopted.

## Lyrics
### Tswana version
### English version
:Blessed be this noble land,
:Gift to us from God's strong hand,
:Heritage our fathers left to us;
:May it always be at peace.

:**Chorus:**
::*Awake, awake, O men, awake!*
::*And women close beside them stand,*
::''Together we'll work and serve*
::*This land, this happy land!''

:Work of beauty and of fame,
:The name Botswana to us came
:Through our unity and harmony,
:We'll remain at peace as one.

::***Chorus***

## References
God Bless America

**"God Bless America"** is an American patriotic song. It was written by Irving Berlin in 1918. The song was revised in 1938. The latter was recorded by Kate Smith; it became her signature song. 

In 1938, with the rise of Adolf Hitler, Berlin felt it was time to revive the song. On Armistice Day, 1938, Kate Smith performed the song on the radio.

The song is played at Major League Baseball games. 

Céline Dion and LeAnn Rimes did cover versions of the song.

## References
Cochineal

The **cochineal** (*Dactylopius* *coccus*) is a scale insect in the suborder Sternorrhyncha, from which the natural dye carmine is made. 

The insect lives in tropical and subtropical South America, Mexico and Arizona. Its larvae eat cacti in the genus *Opuntia*, feeding on plant moisture and nutrients. These insects are found on the pads of prickly pear cacti, then are brushed off and dried.

The insect produces carminic acid, which deters predation by other insects. Carminic acid is extracted from the body and eggs, then mixed with aluminium or calcium salts to make carmine dye, also known as cochineal. Today, carmine is primarily used as a colorant in food and in lipstick.
Moju Chowdhury Hat

**Moju Chowdhury Hat** or **Rahmat Khali** is a town and tourism in Lakshmipur Sadar Upazila of Lakshmipur District, in south-eastern Bangladesh. It is commonly known as **Moju Chowdhury Hat** but it used to be called Rahmat Khali. It was renamed *Moju Chowdhury* in 1965. It is spelled as M.C.H. for short  (). This town is 12&nbsp;km² south of Lakshmipur City. It is across the Meghna River from Bhola 38&nbsp;km² to the southwest. Moju Chowdhury Hat is 76&nbsp;km² east of Barisal. Moju Chowdhury Hat is itself municipality and a tourist destination. It is also a ransport hub for passengers from the Bhola Barisal Division and Chittagong Division, serving about four thousand people per day.

## History 
Moju Chowdhury is named after a person.  Moju Chowdhury came to Rahmat Khali when it was still part of the Mughal Empire. Moju Chowdhury was the second of Pana Mia Hazi's four sons. He went to Lakshmipur Government Collage, where he studied landscapes.

## Geography 
Moju Chowdhury Hat is located at  It has 145.56 households and a total area of 56.05&nbsp;km².

## Gallery 

image:Mch New Bridge.jpg|The New Sluice Gate and bridge
image:Mch old Bridge.jpg|The bridge built in 1972–75
image:Mchbd.jpg|West Boundary
image:Lillah Jame Morzid.jpg|Lillah Jame Mosque the first mosque in Moju Chowdhury Hat view from Mathir Hat Road
image:সাইফিয়া দরবার শরীফ.png|Saifia Darbar Sharif the Central mosque of Moju Chowdhury Hat
image:Old Sluice Gate.jpg|Old Sluice Gate and Bridge which are built in 1975 a first Bridge in Rahmat Khali areas
image:Mojuchowdhuryhat coast guard.jpg|Bangladesh Coast Guard posted in Moju Chowdhury Hat 2010
image:Bd Coast Guard in Mch.jpg|Coast Guard station Bangladesh Navy forces present in Moju Chowdhury Hat with 85 Popularity and Administrations
image:Bus stop in Mch.jpg|Bus Station view from Lakshmipur Bhola Barisal Highway.
image:Mch Ferry Terminal.jpg|Ferry Terminal view from Old Sluice Gate

## Related pages
* List of cities and towns in Bangladesh
* Divisions of Bangladesh
* Districts of Bangladesh
* Lakshmipur District

## References 
## Other websites
* Tourist Destination
*Travel guide & blogspot
The Da Vinci Code (movie)

***The Da Vinci Code*** is a 2006 American mystery thriller movie directed by Ron Howard, written by Akiva Goldsman, and based on Dan Brown's 2003 novel of the same name. The first in the Robert Langdon movie series, the movie stars Tom Hanks, Audrey Tautou, Ian McKellen, Alfred Molina, Jürgen Prochnow, Jean Reno, and Paul Bettany.

## Plot
Robert Langdon is a professor of religious iconography and symbology from Harvard University. While in Paris, he is the prime suspect in the unusual murder of a Louvre curator. Langdon realized the curator was part of a secret society. Members of the society included Leonardo da Vinci, Victor Hugo, Botticelli, and others

## Cast
* Tom Hanks as Robert Langdon
* Audrey Tautou as Sophie Neveu
* Ian McKellen as Sir Leigh Teabing
* Alfred Molina as Bishop Aringarosa
* Jürgen Prochnow as André Vernet
* Jean Reno as Police Captain Bezu Fache
* Paul Bettany as Silas
* Étienne Chicot as Lieutenant Jérôme Collet
* Jean-Yves Berteloot as Remy Jean
* Jean-Pierre Marielle as Jacques Saunière
* Charlotte Graham as Mary Magdalene
* Hugh Mitchell as young Silas
* Seth Gabel as Michael the Cleric
* Marie-Françoise Audollent as Sister Sandrine
* Rita Davies as Elegant Woman at Rosslyn
* Francesco Carnelutti as Prefect
* Author Dan Brown and his wife make cameos (forefront) in the first scene of the book signing scene.
* *The Templar Revelation* authors Lynn Picknett and Clive Prince, make a brief appearance as passengers on a bus.

## Controversy
*The Da Vinci Code* (like the book) was controversial. It received very harsh criticism from the Roman Catholic Church. They didn't like the idea that they were behind a 2,000-year-old cover-up about what the Holy Grail really was. The movie also said that Jesus and Mary Magdalene were married and had a daughter.

## Censorship
The movie was banned in Egypt because of controversial elements. It was also banned in Lebanon and Jordan

## Critical reception
The movie got mixed to negative reviews from the critics. Rotten Tomatoes rated the movie 25%, meaning "Rotten". It also got poor reviews at the Cannes Film Festival Movie critic Leonard Maltin called the movie "a letdown in every respect."

However, reviews were not all bad. Roger Ebert gave the movie three out of four stars. Roger Ebert and Richard Roeper both liked the movie.

## The box office
Despite mixed to negative reviews, the movie took in more than $758 million in the box office.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* 
* Official "secret" site
Nate Thurmond

**Nathaniel "Nate" Thurmond** (July 25, 1941 &ndash; July 16, 2016) was an American basketball player. He spent the majority of his 14-year career in the National Basketball Association (NBA) with the Golden State Warriors. He played the center and power forward positions.

Thurmond was a seven-time All-Star and the first player in NBA history to record an official quadruple-double. Thurmond was named both a member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame and one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History.

He was known to fans as "Nate the Great", Thurmond has had his No. 42 jersey retired by both the Golden State Warriors and the Cleveland Cavaliers.

Thurmond died at the age of 74 on July 16, 2016 after a short battle with leukemia in San Francisco.

## References
Bloeme Evers-Emden

**Bloeme Evers-Emden** (; 26 July 1927 &ndash; 18 July 2016) was a Jewish-Dutch academic and child psychologist. She researched the phenomenon of "hidden children" during World War II and wrote four books on the subject in the 1990s.

Her interest in the topic grew out of her own experiences during World War II, when she was forced to go into hiding from the Nazis and was arrested and deported to Auschwitz on the last transport leaving the Westerbork transit camp on 3 September 1944. Together with her on the train were Anne Frank and her family, whom she had known in Amsterdam. She was freed on 8 May 1945.

She wrote columns for the Jewish weekly *Nieuw Israëlietisch Weekblad*.

## References 
*Portrait of Bloeme Emden with a Jewish star, circa 1942
*Oral history interview with Bloeme Evers-Emden (1999) at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
Battle of Fredericksburg

The **Battle of Fredericksburg** (December 11, 1862 – December 15, 1862) was a major battle in the American Civil War fought at Fredericksburg, Virginia. The battle saw almost 200,000 men engaged—more than any other Civil War battle. It involved the first major d river  in the history of the United States. On October 6, President Abraham Lincoln instructed McClellan to go after the Confederates in Virginia. The President had already planned to replace McClellan for some time. Before the autumn of 1862 he had offered command of the Army of the Potomac to Ambrose Burnside twice. This was in preparation for a move against Richmond, Virginia, the Confederate capital. The shells did extensive damage to the town but did not drive off the Confederates. Finally the bridges were completed late that evening. More than 120,000 Union troops poured across the bridges into Fredericksburg. Lee continued to give token resistance to allow General Stonewall Jackson's corps time to get in place and complete a Confederate line some three miles long. Now, Lee had time to get his army in place. Winter weather would soon make the roads very difficult to use and end any campaigns until spring. Instead, his men wasted the day looting and vandalizing houses and shops. But Sumner ordered a series of attacks all afternoon with the Confederate artillery raining down shells on them. Finally, at dusk the attacks were called off. 

## Notes 
## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*
Charente (river)

The **Charente** (Saintongeais: *Chérente*, ) is a river in southwestern France that flows through the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. Two departments, Charente and Charente-Maritime, are named after the river.

It rises in the Massif Central and flows into the Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay) near Rochefort.

## Geography
The Charente river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

### Course
The Charente river starts in western Massif Central, in the *commune* of Chéronnac, Haute-Vienne department,  at an elevation of about . It flows to the northwest for about  and then flows through the north of the Charente department.

The river keeps flowing to the northwest and gets into the Vienne department. After the *commune* of Civray, the river turns to the southwest and gets back into the Charente department. After Angoulême, the river turns west and, after  Cognac, to the northwest.

Finally, the river flows into the Atlantic Ocean near Rochefort.

The river is navigable (it is deep, wide and slow enough for a ship to pass), mainly with  recreational boats from Angoulême to its mouth.

The Charente flows through 4 departments and 120 *communes*, all in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region:
* Haute-Vienne: three *communes*.
* Vienne: ten *communes* and the cities Charroux and Civray.
* Charente: 78 *communes*  and the cities Gond-Pontouvre, Angoulême, Châteauneuf-sur-Charente, Jarnac and Cognac.
* Charente-Maritime: 35 *communes* and the cities Saintes, Tonnay-Charente et Rochefort.

## Main tributaries 
The main tributaries of the Charente river are:

## Gallery

Cheronnac cha1.JPG|The source of the Charente in Cheronnac
Angoulême L'Houmeau vu des remparts 2012.jpg|The Charent in Houmeau, down Angoulême
CognacChâteau1.JPG|The Charente and the *Château de Cognac*
Embouchure de la Charente.png|Mouth of the Charente

## Related pages
* List of rivers of France

## References
## Other websites
* Banque Hydro - Station R5200010 - La Charente à Chaniers  
* Dictionnaire des canaux et rivières de France - Rivière Charente 
* Site web officiel du Site Natura 2000 FR5400-472 "Moyenne vallée de la Charente, Seugne et Coran"
Janez Bernik

**Janez Bernik** (6 September 1933 &ndash; 15 July 2016) was a Slovenian painter and academic. He was born in Gunclje, now part of Ljubljana. His works include painting, sculpture, graphic design, illustration, tapestry, book design, and poetry. He won the Prešeren Fund Award in 1963.

Bernik died on 15 July 2016 in the Municipality of Prebold, Slovenia, aged 82.

## References
Billy Name

**Billy Name** (**William Linich, Jr.**, February 22, 1940 &ndash; July 18, 2016) was an American photographer, filmmaker and lighting designer. He was the archivist of the Warhol Factory, from 1964 to 1970. His brief romance and friendship with Andy Warhol led to collaboration on Warhol's work, including his movies, paintings and sculpture. 

## References
## Other websites
* 
*Warholstars.com profile of Billy Name
Duncan M. Gray Jr.

**Duncan Montgomery Gray, Jr.** (September 21, 1926 – July 15, 2016) was an American bishop and activist. He was the 7th Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Mississippi (a middle judicatory of the Episcopal Church, USA). He was a priest in the southern United States. Gray was best known for his work as a civil rights activist, and his story was included in the University of Southern Mississippi's Civil Rights Digital Archive.

## References
Helena Benitez

**Helena Zoila Tirona Benitez** (June 27, 1914 – July 14, 2016) was a Filipino academic and administrator of the Philippine Women's University. She served in the Senate of the Philippines from 1967 until Congress was closed when martial law was declared in 1972, and at the Batasang Pambansa from 1978 until it was abolished in 1986.

Benitez also founded the Bayanihan Dance Company.

Benitez died on July 14, 2016 in Manila, aged 102.

## References
Péter Esterházy

**Péter Esterházy** (14 April 1950 &ndash; 14 July 2016) was a Hungarian writer. He was born in Budapest. He was one of the most widely known contemporary Hungarian and Central European writers.  He has been called a "leading figure of 20th century Hungarian literature" and his books are thought to be significant contributions to postwar literature.

Esterházy died of pancreatic cancer in Budapest on 14 July 2016, aged 66.

## References
Sharon Runner

**Sharon Runner** (May 17, 1954 &ndash; July 14, 2016) was an American politician. She was a Republican California State Senator. She represented the 21st Senate District at the time of her death, and lastly represented the 17th Senate District from 2011 to 2012.

She was also a member of the California State Assembly from 2002 to 2008, representing the 36th district.   She was the wife of California State Board of Equalization Member George Runner. From 2004 to 2008, then-Senator George Runner and then-Assemblywoman Sharon Runner were the first husband and wife in California history to serve at the same time in the California State Legislature.

Runner died at her home in Lancaster, California on July 14, 2016 from complications of respiratory failure, aged 62.

## References
Dronne

The **Dronne** () is a river in southwestern France, right tributary of the Isle river. It flows through the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region.

Its name appears, in an old form, in two *communes* of the Dordogne departmentː Saint-Méard-de-Drône and Saint-Pardoux-de-Drône. Its modern name appears in three *communes*ː Aubeterre-sur-Dronne, Saint-Méard-de-Drône, Saint-Pardoux-de-Drône.

## Geography
The Dronne river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

### Course
The Dronne starts in the Massif Central, in the *commune* of Bussière-Galant, Creuse department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. It starts in the *Parc naturel régional Périgord Limousin* at an altitude of about .

It flows to the southwest and, finally, the river flows into at Coutras, in the Gironde department, at an altitude of about .

The Dronne flows through 5 departments and 52 *communes*, all in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region; the main *communes* areː
* Haute-Vienne : Bussière-Galant
* Dordogne : Saint-Pardoux-la-Rivière, Champagnac-de-Belair, Brantôme, Bourdeilles, Mialet, Tocane-Saint-Apre, Ribérac, Saint-Aulaye, La Roche-Chalais
* Charente : Aubeterre-sur-Dronne 
* Charente-Maritime : Saint-Aigulin
* Gironde : Les Églisottes-et-Chalaures, Coutras

## Main tributaries 
The main tributaries of the Charente river are:

## Gallery

Brantôme abbaye abbatiale.JPG|The Dronne and the abbey of Brantôme
Bourdeilles pont châteaux.JPG|The old bridge over the Dronne, Bourdeilles
Aubeterre Pont.jpg|Bridge over the Dronne, Aubeterre-sur-Dronne
Dronne Coutras (3).JPG|The Dronne at Coutras

## Related pages
* List of rivers of France

## References
## Other websites
* Banque Hydro - Station P8462510 - La Dronne à Coutras
Michael J. Elliott

**Michael J. Elliott**, OBE (31 May 1951 &ndash; 14 July 2016) was a British journalist and executive. He was the president and chief executive officer of the anti-poverty advocacy organization ONE. He was awarded an OBE in 2003 for services to journalism. 

Elliott previously held senior executive positions at *Time* magazine, *Newsweek*, and *The Economist.*

Elliott died on 14 July 2016 in Washington, D.C. from bladder cancer, aged 65.

## References
Qandeel Baloch

**Fouzia Azeem** (; March 1, 1990 – July 15, 2016), better known by the name **Qandeel Baloch** (), was a Pakistani model, actress, feminist activist and social media celebrity. Baloch became famous due to her videos discussing her daily routine and many controversial issues.

## Career 
Baloch first received recognition from the media in 2013, when she auditioned for *Pakistan Idol*; her audition went viral and she became an Internet celebrity. She was one of the top 10 most searched for persons on the internet in Pakistan and both celebrated and criticized for her videos and posts.

## Death 
On July 15, 2016, Baloch was strangled while she was asleep in her parents' house in Multan. Her brother Waseem confessed to the murder saying she was "bringing disrepute" to the "family's honour".

## References
Gary S. Paxton

**Gary Sanford Paxton** (**Larry Wayne Stevens**; May 18, 1939 &ndash; July 16, 2016) was an American record producer, recording artist, and Grammy and Dove Award winning songwriter. 

Paxton was a member of the Skip & Flip and The Hollywood Argyles and was the producer of two number one Billboard Hot 100 singles: "Alley Oop for The Hollywood Argyles in 1960 and "Monster Mash" for Bobby "Boris" Pickett in 1962.

Paxton died on July 16, 2016 in Branson, Missouri from complications of hepatitis C, aged 77.

## References
Abu Omar al-Shishani

**Tarkhan Tayumurazovich Batirashvili** (; 11 February 1986 – presumedly dead in July 2016), known by his nom de guerre **Abu Omar al-Shishani** (, *Abū ‘Umar ash-Shīshānī*, "Abu Omar the Chechen") or **Omar al-Shishani** (, *‘Umar ash-Shīshānī*, "Omar the Chechen"), was a Chechen jihadist militant. He served as a commander for the Islamic State in Syria, and previously as a sergeant in the Georgian Army. In 2013, Batirashvili joined the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and rapidly became a senior commander in the organization, directing a series of battles and ultimately earning a seat on ISIL's shura council.

U.S. officials reported that Batirashvili died from injuries several days after being the target of a 4 March 2016 U.S. airstrike, near the Al-Shaddadah district of Al-Hasakah Governorate in Northern Syria, however, the Islamic State denied these claims and its Amaq News Agency confirmed that Shishani was killed in July 2016 during fighting in the Iraqi city of Shirqat, south of Mosul, Iraq.

## References
Hollis L. Harris

**Hollis Loyd Harris** (November 25, 1931 &ndash; July 14, 2016) was an American businessman. He served as President and COO of Delta Air Lines (1987-1990) and Chairman, President, and CEO of Continental Airlines (1990-1991), Air Canada (1992-1996), and World Airways (1999-2004).

In 1997, Harris and Steve Wolf signed a strategic agreement between Air Canada and United Airlines, producing what is now the Star Alliance, which grew to become the world's largest global airline alliance.

Harris died at the age of 84 on July 14, 2016 in Peachtree City, Georgia.

## References
Carolyn See

**Carolyn See** (born **Caroline Laws**; January 13, 1934 &ndash; July 13, 2016) was an American educator and critic. She was the professor emerita of English at the University of California, Los Angeles.

See was the author of ten books, including the memoir, *Dreaming: Hard Luck and Good Times in America*, an advice book on writing, *Making a Literary Life*, and the novels *There Will Never Be Another You, Golden Days,* and *The Handyman.* She was also a book critic for the Washington Post for 27 years.

See died on July 13, 2016 in Santa Monica, California from cancer, aged 82.

## References
Héctor Babenco

**Héctor Eduardo Babenco** (February 7, 1946 &ndash; July 13, 2016) was an Argentine-born Brazilian movie director, screenwriter, producer and actor. He worked in several countries including Argentina, Brazil and the United States. 

His best known movies are *Pixote* (1980), *Kiss of the Spider Woman* (1985), *Ironweed* (1987), *At Play in the Fields of the Lord* (1990) and *Carandiru* (2003).

Babenco died on July 13, 2016 from a heart attack in São Paulo, Brazil, aged 70.

## References
## Other websites
Quota

A **quota** is a number that says how much or how many of something or someone is allowed or required. It comes from a Latin language word meaning "How many?" Examples include: 
* Immigration quota
* Import quota
* Production quota
* Marketing quota
Rise (Katy Perry song)

**Rise**" is a song co-written and recorded by American singer-songwriter Katy Perry.  The song was released on July 14, 2016.  It was used in the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.  She released the song because "[she] was inspired to finish it now, rather than save it for [her] next album, because now more than ever, there is a need for our world to unite."

"Rise" has topped the iTunes charts of over 25 countries worldwide, including the U.S., UK, Canada, and Australia.  The song entered the Australian ARIA Singles Chart at number 1 and reached number 3 in Scotland.  The song reached the top 20 in the US and Canada.  On October 17, 2017, the song was certified platinum in the US.

## Music video
One music video for the song features Olympic athletes practicing for the Games.  However, an official video was released and shows Perry climbing through different terrains with a red parachute.

## Reception
Critics have said that the song was powerful and uplifting but received mixed reviews.  Daniel Kreps from *Rolling Stone* called producer Max Martin an "extraordinaire," while Brandon Caldwell from the *Houston Press* said that the song "just doesn’t fit the template of inspirational, fiery and get America ready to beat the rest of the world in sporting competitions. It just doesn’t fit the Olympics. Now, in terms of beating world issues? 'Rise' may have something there."

## Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from Qobuz.

*Katy Perry – lead vocals, backing vocals, songwriter
*Max Martin – producer, songwriter, backing vocals, programming, strings, trumpet
* Ali Payami – producer, songwriter, drums, electric bass, guitar, horn, keyboards, percussion, programming, strings
*Savan Kotecha – songwriter
*Sam Holland – recording engineer
*Jeremy Lertola – assistant recording engineer
*Cory Bice – assistant recording engineer
*Serban Ghenea – mixer
*John Hanes – mix engineer

## Formats and track listings
***Digital download**
#"Rise"&nbsp;– 3:23

***CD**
#"Rise"&nbsp;– 3:23
#"Rise" (instrumental)&nbsp;– 3:23

***Digital download (remixes)**
#"Rise" (Purity Ring remix)&nbsp;– 3:32
#"Rise" (Monsieur Adi radio edit)&nbsp;– 4:01
#"Rise" (Tālā remix)&nbsp;– 3:18

## References
Songwriting credits from iTunes metadata.
Manuel G. Batshaw

**Manuel Gilman Batshaw**, (17 April 1915 &ndash; 18 July 2016) was a Canadian social worker. Batshaw was born in Montreal. He was best known for being the founder of Batshaw Youth and Family Centres. He spent more than 50 years in the field of social work in Quebec.  

In the 1970s, he was active in helping Vietnamese boat people refugees. In 1975, he was in charge of an inquiry into abuses at institutions housing troubled young people, and the Batshaw Committee submitted a report. In 1993, five institutions were merged and were named the Batshaw Youth and Family Centres in his honour.

He received an honorary degree from McGill University in 1998 and the National Order of Quebec in 2003, as well as the Order of Canada.

## References
The Intern (2015 movie)

***The Intern*** is a 2015 American comedy movie co-produced, written, and directed by Nancy Meyers. The movie stars Robert De Niro, Anne Hathaway, Rene Russo, Anders Holm, Andrew Rannells, Adam DeVine, Christina Scherer, and Zack Pearlman with Linda Lavin. The movie was released on September 25, 2015 by Warner Bros.

## References
Exology Chapter 1: The Lost Planet

***Exology Chapter 1: The Lost Planet*** (stylized as ***EXOLOGY CHAPTER 1: THE LOST PLANET***) is the first live album by South Korean boy band EXO. It was released on December 22, 2014 by S.M. Entertainment. It has 2 CDs and a total of 36 songs (1 CD and 18 songs), including individual tracks from each of the members and studio versions of some of his songs remixed (remix Korean and Mandarin/ Mandarin and Korean). The album was released in two versions: a normal version and a special version.

## Tracklist 
## References
Ex'Act

'''''Ex'Act*** (stylized as ***EX'ACT'''*) is the third studio album of the Chinese-South Korean boy band EXO. The album was released in Korean and Chinese by S.M. Entertainment on June 9, 2016.

## Background and release 
On May 31, 2016, EXO announces it will release their third studio album. On June 2, it was revealed that the album title would be *Ex'Act* and EXO would be promoting two singles, "Lucky One" and "Monster" with different visual concepts that correspond to the two versions of physical packaging for the album.

On June 7, 2016, it was revealed that producers of notable music including Kenzie, The Stereotypes and Dem Jointz participated in the production of the album, and the member of EXO, Chanyeol, co-wrote the letter song "Heaven". *Ex'Act* and two music videos of "Lucky One" and "Monster" was released on June 9.

## Promotion 
A promotional showcase for *Ex'Act*, was held at the Olympic Park in Seoul on June 8, 2016.

## Commercial performance 
Before its release, *Ex'Act* received a record as the most pre-sold more than 660,000 physical copies album. Three days after its release, the album became the album fastest selling recorded by the sales list Hanteo more than 450,000 physical copies sold, breaking the record previously held by EXO himself as his fourth EP *Sing for You''. 
In YouTube, "Monster" became the second video of K-pop more seen for 24 hours, achieving 4.52 million views after "Gentleman" of PSY. He also became a music video of K-pop boyband most watched, beating "Loser" of Big Bang.

## Tracklist 
## Sales 
## Awards and nominations 
### Music program awards 
## References
Political prisoner

A **political prisoner** is a person imprisoned for political activities, or because they oppose or criticize the government in their country.

## PACE definition 
In October 2012, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) passed a resolution to define "political prisoner". A person in prison is a "political prisoner:
*if they are in prison against the European Convention on Human Rights and its Protocols (ECHR), especially freedom of thought, conscience and religion, freedom of expression and information, freedom of assembly and association;
*if they are in prison for political reasons and not for a crime
*if, because of political reasons, the length or conditions of imprisonment do not fit the reason given for why they are in prison
*if, because of politics, they are in prison in a discriminatory way, compared to other people
*if they are in prison because of an unfair trial connected with political reasons

## Related pages
*House arrest
*List of Singaporean dissidents

## References
Yuya Matsushita

is a Japanese singer and actor. He is signed under Japanese Dream Records. Yuya released his single "Foolish foolish" on November 26, 2008. He played Sebastian Michaelis in the Black Butler Musical.

## References
Exo discography

This is the discography of the South Korean boy band **Exo**. There are three studio albums, a live album, four extended plays, eleven singles, twenty-six music videos, eight guest appearances and eight soundtracks.

## Albums 
### Studio albums 
### Extended plays 
### Live albums 
### DVDs 
### Singles 
## Other songs rated 
## Soundtrack and solo appareances 
## Notes 
## References
Matlyuba Kamilova

**Matlyuba Kamilova** or **Matluba Kamilova** is an Uzbek human rights activist and school principal.  In 2016, Samantha Power, the U.S. Ambassador to the U.N., named her one of twenty women political prisoners in the Free the 20 campaign.

Kamilova spoke out about police corruption. In September 2010, she was arrested and charged with possession of drugs. She is still in prison.

## Life and work 
Kamillova is a lawyer.  She was the director of a technical college in Angren, Tashkent province. Kamilova was born in 1960.

Kamilova worked against corruption and helped people work for their rights. Because of Kamilova, two corruption cases were started against local government officials.

A court sentenced Kamilova to eleven years in prison.  Because it is a drug charge, she cannot get an appeal. No one knows where she is.

## References
David Farragut

**David Glasgow Farragut** (July 5, 1801 in Knoxville, Tennessee - August 14, 1870 in Portsmouth, New Hampshire) was an American officer of the United States Navy during the American Civil War. He was the first rear admiral, vice admiral, and admiral in the United States Navy. He commanded the naval forces of the Union Navy in the Battle of Mobile Bay.

David Farragut was the son of George Farragut, a naval officer during the American Revolutionary War.

## References
Mymensingh Division

**Mymensingh Division** is an administrative division of Bangladesh. The division has an area of 10,485 km², and a population of 11,370,000.

The division of Mymensingh is next to the Indian state of Meghalaya to the north, Dhaka Division on the south, Sylhet Division to the east, Rangpur  and Rajshahi Division to the west.