open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
US Airways

**US Airways, Inc.** was an airline that used to be owned by the US Airways Group, Inc. US Airways was previously known as USAir. It was the sixth largest airline in the United States.  Its headquarters were in Tempe, Arizona. US Airways owned 357 large jet aircraft and 329 smaller planes that flew to 240 places in North America, Central America, the Caribbean, Hawaii, and Europe. In May 2008, US Airways had 36,632 people working for them in the world and flew 3,512 flights each day.  The US in US Airways stands for *United States*.
## Flights
US Airways had many flights from Charlotte, North Carolina, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Phoenix, Arizona. US Airways also ran smaller numbers of flights from Washington, DC, Las Vegas, Nevada, New York City, and Boston, Massachusetts.
## Affiliates
The airline also had the US Airways Shuttle. It's a brand which operates frequent flights between cities in the northeast part of the United States. Other companies operate short flights for US Airways, which are called US Airways Express. After the AA combination, the brand is now known as the "American Shuttle".
## History
In 2005, US Airways combined with America West Airlines, but they kept the US Airways name. The combination was completed on April 8, 2015,  with the new airline keeping the "American Airlines" name.  US Airways had it's last flight on October 16, 2015. 
## Gallery

File:US Airways 737 N355US.jpg|A US Airways Boeing 737 landing at Boston.
File:US Airways (6218972132).jpg
File:US Airways 762 N253AY.JPG
File:US Airways A333 N275AY.JPG
File:US Airways A330 (3458288487).jpg
File:Boeing 737-301, USAir AN0201093.jpg|Boeing 737-301 livery in post merger Piedmont USAir hybrid
File:Boeing 737-301, USAir AN0208998.jpg
File:2345 Crystal Drive Hbrackett.jpg|USAir then US Airways headquarters in Crystal City
File:Allegheny Airlines DC-9-31; N950VJ, June 1975 ATZ (5126631925).jpg|Before they were USAir they were Allegheny Airlines

## References
Remastersys

is made with remastersys]]
**Remastersys** is a free software/open source (GPL) script for Linux distributions. Users can:
* **Create a customized Live CD/DVD** of Ubuntu.
* Backup all the system, including user data to an installable Live CD/DVD.

## Other websites
* Remastersys forums 
* Wiki of Remastersys project 
* How to make a customized Ubuntu Live CD/DVD with remastersys
Erich Wasicky

, where prisoners had to hand-carry quarried stone blocks up these steps for hours]]
**Erich Wasicky** (May 27, 1911 in Vienna, Austria - May 28, 1947 in Landsberg) was a pharmacist at the Mauthausen concentration camp during World War II and the Holocaust. He was responsible for killing many prisoners.

## Participation in the Holocaust 
Wasicky joined the Nazi Party and the SS (where he had the rank of SS-Sturmbannführer). From 1941 to 1944, he worked at Mauthausen. He was in charge of choosing victims to be killed, and of poisoning them with the gas Zyklon B. He also drove trucks that were used for killing people by exhaust gas. Up to 15,000 people had been killed at Mauthausen as well as the neighboring Hartheim killing facility.

## Trial and execution 
*See the main page: Nuremberg Trials*

After the end of World War II, Wasicky was found guilty of murder at the Nuremberg Trials. He was executed by hanging on May 28, 1947.

## Related pages 
* World War II
* The Holocaust
* Mauthausen concentration camp
* Zyklon B
* Nuremberg Trials

## References
## Other websites 
* Erich Wasicky
* Dachau trials 
* Jewish Virtual Library
JetBlue Airways

**JetBlue Airways** ***1-818-772-6235*** is an American low-cost airline owned by JetBlue Airways Corporation. The company is headquartered in Long Island City, a neighborhood in New York City.  Its main base is John F. Kennedy International Airport. 

In 2001, JetBlue began a focus city operation at Long Beach in Los Angeles County, California, which was stopped in 2020 as the airline shifted flights to Los Angeles. Another base was opened at Logan International Airport in Boston, Massachusetts in 2004. Another important city to the JetBlue network is its focus city at Fort Lauderdale – Hollywood International Airport. JetBlue has also established focus city presence in San Juan, Los Angeles International Airport, and Orlando International Airport. The airline mainly serves destinations in the United States, along with flights to the Caribbean, the Bahamas, Bermuda, and Mexico. In 2021, the airline launched service to Europe starting with London Heathrow Airport. Flights to Europe now include Heathrow along with London Gatwick, Amsterdam, Madrid, Paris Charles de Gaulle, Edinburgh, and Dublin. Flights start from both John F. Kennedy Airport in New York as well as Boston using A321neo and A321neo LR aircraft. As of 2025, JetBlue has 286 airplanes, with 101 on order, and flies to 114 cities. 

## Gallery 

File:JetBlue E-190 (N203JB).jpg|A JetBlue Airways E190.
File:N945JT LAX (23117273744).jpg|A JetBlue "Mint" A321.
File:Idlewild Blue JetBlue T5 JFK.jpg|A JetBlue airplane parked at the gate.
File:Three airplane tail sections JetBlue T5 Terminal.jpg|3 JetBlue aircraft at JFK. All JetBlue planes have a different tail design.
File:JFK Terminal 5 Ticketing and Check-In.jpg|JetBlue's Terminal 5.

## References
Travis

Travis are a Scottish Indie pop rock band. They have released many albums including The Man Who, The Invisible band and  *The Boy with No Name. *

*Their latest album was released in September of 2013 and is called Where You Stand*

They are best known for their single "Why Does It Always Rain on Me?" from their 1999 release *The Man Who*.

## History 
Travis were formed in 1993
The Boy with No Name

***The Boy with No Name*** is an album by Indie pop band Travis and was released in May 2007. The name of this record came from the fact it took Francis Healy (singer) a long time to name his son.

## Songs
All songs written by Fran Healy, except where noted.
# "3 Times and You Lose" (Healy, Andy Dunlop) – 4:14
# "Selfish Jean" – 4:00
This track uses several lyrics and the overall theme from the 1997 B-side "Standing on My Own" (which was included on the single release of "Tied to the 90's").[3]
# "Closer" – 4:00
# "Big Chair" (Healy, Dunlop) – 4:07
# "Battleships" – 4:11
Backing vocals provided by Julia Stone.
# "Eyes Wide Open" – 2:59
# "My Eyes" – 4:08
# "One Night" – 4:00
# "Under the Moonlight" (Susie Hug) – 4:00
Backing vocals provided by KT Tunstall.
# "Out in Space" – 3:35
# "Colder" (Healy, Dougie Payne) – 4:06
# "New Amsterdam" – 2:37
# "Sailing Away" (hidden bonus track) – 3:31
# Starts at 5:52 into last track (5:38 on UK and Mexican release).
# "Perfect Heaven Space" (UK bonus track) – 3:50
# "Say Hello" (iTunes bonus track) - 3:33 (Only available on the release date)

"Closer" was the first single the band released from this album.
Life expectancy

**Life expectancy** is how long a person is expected to live. It is based on many factors such as country and life style including smoking, diet, and exercise.

There are great changes in life expectancy between different parts of the world, mostly caused by differences in public health, medical care and diet. Much of the excess mortality (higher death rates) in poorer nations is due to war, not enough food, and medical conditions or diseases (AIDS, Malaria, etc.). 

Life expectancy has generally improved since records started, in both healthy people and those with chronic or critical illnesses or defects. 

However, over the past 200 years, countries with black or African populations have generally not had the same improvements in mortality rates other peoples have had. Even in countries with a majority of white people, such as USA, Britain, Ireland and France, black people tend to have shorter life expectancies than their white counterparts. For example, in the U.S. white Americans are expected to live until age 79, but African Americans only until age 75 (as of the year 2013).

Climate may also have an effect, and the way data is collected may also influence the figures. According to the CIA World Factbook, Macau has the world's longest life expectancy of 84.4 years.

There are also significant differences in life expectancy between men and women in most countries, with women typically outliving men by around five years. Economic circumstances also affect life expectancy. For example, in the United Kingdom, life expectancy in the expensive areas like Kensington is several years longer than in the poorest areas such as Glasgow. This may reflect factors such as diet and lifestyle as well as access to medical care. It may also reflect a selective effect: people with chronic life-threatening illnesses are less likely to become wealthy or to live in expensive areas.

The COVID-19 pandemic reduced  life expectancy in Europe by more than a year. 

## References 
## Related pages 
*Gerontology
*Human Development Index
Autrans

**Autrans** is a village near Grenoble. About 1,541 people live there. It is a well-known ski resort. On 1 January 2016, it became a part of the new commune of Autrans-Méaudre-en-Vercors.

## References
Claron McFadden

**Claron McFadden** (born 1961) is an American soprano singer. She became known because she sang in the opera *Lulu* by Alban Berg, at Glyndebourne Festival Opera.
Indie pop

**Indie pop** is a genre of alternative rock which originated in the United Kingdom in the 1980s. Originally and often still a form of independent music, it is closely associated with indie rock, both genres are similar, yet there are differences between both. Indie rock tends to be edgier, rougher and harsher-sounding, contrasting the more melodious indie pop. Indie pop additionally takes influences from 1960s girl group music and power pop, often giving it retro elements, and makes usage of jangly guitars.

In 1986, British music magazine *NME* released a cassette called *C86*, which included indie pop and indie rock music; the artists in *C86* made music which was described by About.com as "a twee, amateurish form of home-made music drawing deeply from sunny '60s acts like The Byrds and the Velvet Underground."

Early indie pop bands include The Shop Assistants or The Pastels. More recent bands in the genre include Point Blank, Travis, The Research and Maritime.

## References
Mexicali

**Mexicali** is a city in Mexico. It is in the north of the country and across the border from California in the United States. It is the capital city of Baja California. Mexicali is the farthest north city of Latin America. About 903,000 people live there. Many of them are Hispanic. The city is also the seat for the Mexicali Municipality.

## Etymology
The name is a portmanteau of "Mexico" and "California". Mexicali is located on the US-Mexico border. The city is named by Cocopah native people as soon as *Lakay Chaa’m*.

## Culture 
The city has a bit of tourism an area called la chinesca is a popular tourist destination. The street food is one of the most tourist-filled locations. Chinese food is very popular here. Not many roads are made from concrete, most are dirt. 

## References
## Other websites
Mobile (song)

"**Mobile**" is a song by Avril Lavigne. It was only released in Australia and New Zealand.

## Charts
"Mobile" was only released in Australia and New Zealand. "Mobile" started its chart position at #36 on the New Zealand Singles Chart, climbing up to #26 in its fifth week. The song was also released in South Africa as an airplay single.

## References
Don't Tell Me

"'''Don't Tell Me'*" is a 2004 song by Avril Lavigne. It is from her album *Under My Skin''. On April 27, 2004, it was released as the first single off of that album.

## Song listing 
**Australian CD single**(82876614112; Released April 14, 2004)
# "Don't Tell Me"
# "Don't Tell Me" (acoustic)
# "Take Me Away"

;International Maxi CD single
# "Don't Tell Me"
# "Don't Tell Me" (acoustic)
# "Take Me Away"
# "Don't Tell Me" (music video)

;UK Pt. 2/FR/German single
# "Don't Tell Me"
# "Don't Tell Me (acoustic)

**Japan CD single**
(BVCA-29607; Released April 28, 2004)
# "Don't Tell Me"
# "Take Me Away"

;EU/BR/Japan/Mex/US promo
# "Don't Tell Me" (album version)

## Charts 
The song did well on charts, climbing to number twenty-two in the United States, at number ten in Australia, at number six in Spain, at number five in the UK.

## References
Demosthenes

**Demosthenes** (384–322 BC, , Dēmosthénēs) was a  Greek statesman and orator from ancient Athens. His speeches show the height of classical Athenian skill at speaking. They also show us lots about the politics and culture of ancient Greece during the 4th century BC. Demosthenes learned rhetoric by studying the speeches of previous great orators.  He delivered his first law court speeches when he was twenty. He argued effectively to gain from his guardians what was left of his inheritance. For a time, Demosthenes made his living as a professional speech-writer and a lawyer, writing speeches for use in private legal suits.

At the age of 21, Demosthenes took the job of the commander of warships in Athens.

Demosthenes grew interested in politics during the time he wrote speeches for others. In 354 BC he gave his first public political speeches. He went on to devote his most productive years to opposing Macedon's expansion. He idealized his city and tried throughout his life to restore Athens' supremacy and motivate the rest of the Athenians against Philip II of Macedon. He sought to preserve his city's freedom and to establish an alliance against Macedon, in an unsuccessful attempt to impede Philip's plans to expand his influence southwards by conquering all the Greek states. After Philip's death, Demosthenes played a leading part in his city's uprising against the new King of Macedon, Alexander the Great. However, his efforts failed and the revolt was met with a harsh Macedonian reaction. To prevent a similar revolt against his own rule, Alexander's successor, Antipater, sent his men to track Demosthenes down. Demosthenes took his own life, in order to avoid being arrested by Archias, Antipater's confidant.

The *Alexandrian Canon* compiled by Aristophanes of Byzantium and Aristarchus of Samothrace recognized Demosthenes as one of the ten greatest Attic orators and speech writers. According to Longinus, Demosthenes "perfected to the utmost the tone of lofty speech, living passions, copiousness, readiness, speed". Cicero acclaimed him as "the perfect orator" who lacked nothing, and Quintilian extolled him as "lex orandi" ("the standard of oratory") and that "inter omnes unus excellat" ("he stands alone among all the orators").

## References
Joystick

A **joystick** is an input device consisting of a stick that pivots on a base and reports its angle or direction to the device it is controlling. 

The joystick has been the principal flight control column in the cockpit of many aircraft, particularly military fast jets, where center stick or side-stick location may be employed. Joysticks are also used for controlling machines such as cranes, trucks, underwater unmanned vehicles and zero turning radius lawn mowers. 

Joysticks are often used to control video games, and usually have one or more push-buttons whose state can also be read by the computer. A popular variation of the joystick used on modern video game consoles is the analog stick. Miniature finger-operated joysticks have been adopted as input devices for smaller electronic equipment such as mobile phones.
EasyJet

**EasyJet Airline Company Limited**, styled as **easyJet**, is a British low cost airline founded in 1995. Sir Stelios Haji-Ioannou started the airline in 1995. He was in charge of EasyJet until 2002.  Starting in 2003, EasyJet opened many bases at airports throughout Europe.  As of 2016, EasyJet is based at London Luton Airport. EasyJet currently has 26 bases and its largest base is at London Gatwick Airport.  It is the second largest low-fare airline in Europe. It flies domestic and international scheduled services. It has 387 routes between 104 European and north African airports. As of 2022, EasyJet has 13,000 employees.

EasyJet was featured in the television series *Airline*.

## Gallery 

File:EasyJetHQ.jpg|Hangar 89, the headquarters of EasyJet
File:Easyjet A319 G-EZEZ AMS 2016-09-04.jpg|EasyJet A319, Airport Amsterdam Schiphol
File:43bx - EasyJet Switzerland Boeing 737-3M8; HB-IIB@ZRH;07.11.1998 (5483337011).jpg|An EasyJet Switzerland Boeing 737-300 in the "phone number" paint-job.
File:EasyJet A320 (G-EZOI) @ GVA, May 2015.jpg|An EasyJet Airbus A320 at Geneva in 2015.
File:Airbus.a319.easyjet.cabin.arp.jpg|The cabin on an EasyJet plane
File:EasyJet G-UZHE Airbus A320neo at CDG.jpg
File:Hamburg Airport easyJet Airbus A319-111 G-EZAO (DSC01931).jpg
Airbus A319 (EasyJet) G-EJAR (10579775154).jpg

## References
Futurama: Bender's Game

'''''Futurama: Bender's Game'''* is the third movie in the *Futurama* movie series after *Futurama: Bender's Big Score* and *Futurama: The Beast with a Billion Backs*. The fourth movie is called *Futurama: Into the Wild Green Yonder''. It's about the characters of *Futurama* getting trapped in a medieval world in a board game based on *Dungeons & Dragons*.

## Cast 
## Other websites
*
Futurama: Into the Wild Green Yonder

***Futurama: Into the Wild Green Yonder*** is the fourth and last movie in the *Futurama* movie series. The first three are ''Futurama: Bender's Big Score*, *Futurama: The Beast with a Billion Backs*, and *Futurama: Bender's Game''. Not much is known yet.

## Cast
## Other websites
*
Harpo Marx

**Arthur Marx** (previously **Adolph Marx**), also called **Harpo Marx** (November 23, 1888 – September 28, 1964), was one of the Marx Brothers. While acting, he did not speak, and only used horns, whistles, and other props. He taught himself to play the harp and became a good player. This is why he was nicknamed "Harpo". He played the harp in most of his movies and also wore a red wig.

He died after a heart attack.
'']]
Klaus Barbie

**Niklaus Barbie,** better known as **Klaus Barbie** (25 October 1913 – 25 September 1991), was an important German officer in Nazi Germany's SS (paramilitary) and Gestapo (secret police).  

Barbie was convicted of committing war crimes in Vichy France during World War II. His crimes earned him the nickname "the "Butcher of Lyon".  

After the war, he spent four years working as a spy for the U.S. Army. He moved to Bolivia and spent over three decades there before he was extradited to France and convicted of crimes against humanity. 

During his Nazi career, Barbie was a Gestapo officer from 1935-1945 and reached the rank of German SS-*Hauptsturmführer (*Captain).

## Timeline 
### In Nazi Germany 
* 1935: Barbie joins the Nazis in 1935 as an SS soldier
* 1937: He is promoted to *Untersturmfuhrer/Obersturmfuhrer* (Lieutenant)
* 1940: He becomes a Junior SS Officer with the rank of *Haupsturmfuhrer* (Captain) 
* 1942: He is promoted to be Junior Head of the Gestapo in Lyon, Vichy France 
* 1944: He flees back to Germany 

### Post-World War II 
* 1947-1951: Barbie works for the U.S. Army as an intelligence spy 
* 1951: He moves to Bolivia
* 1966-1971/1983: He works as a military advisor to Bolivia 
* 1983: He is extradited to France to stand trial in Europe

### Imprisonment and death 
* 1984-1987: He is tried in France for crimes against humanity
* 1987: He is convicted and sentenced to life in prison
* 1991: Still in prison, he dies from leukemia and prostate cancer

## Related pages 
* Vichy France
* Nazi Germany
* World War II
* War crimes
* Crimes against humanity

## References
Mega Man X2

***Mega Man X2***, called  in Japan, is a platform video game made by Capcom for the Super NES game console.
Mega Man X (video game)

***Mega Man X***, called  in Japan, is a platform video game made by Capcom for the Super NES game console. It is the first game in the *Mega Man X* series, a spin-off of the *Mega Man* series.
Futurama: The Beast with a Billion Backs

***Futurama: The Beast with a Billion Backs*** is an animated movie. It's the sequel to ''Futurama: Bender's Big Score*, and is the second *Futurama* movie. It takes place right after the events of *Bender's Big Score*, and is about a giant monster who is in love with the entire universe. It has two sequels that were released, the first called *Futurama: Bender's Game*, and then *Futurama: Into the Wild Green Yonder*.

## Plot summary 
Everyone is worried and afraid of the rift in space that was opened at the end of *Bender's Big Score''.

## Cast 
## Other websites
*
*
Animal Crossing (video game)

***Animal Crossing***, known as  in Japan, is a life simulation video game made by Nintendo for the Nintendo 64 and Nintendo GameCube game consoles. It was only released on the Nintendo 64 in Japan in 2001. In 2002, it was released in North America, Europe, and Australia for the Nintendo GameCube. It supports the GameCube-Game Boy Advance link cable and the e-Reader items and has emulated Nintendo Entertainment System games in it as items. That means that the player can replay old NES games within the game itself.

## Gameplay
The player moves into a village where everyone is an animal. Only the player is human. Only four people can move to the village and live in their own house. They have to pay money (called "bells") for the house, and when they did it the house will get bigger. Bells can be earned by fishing, catching insects, selling things and other ways. The players can buy the things they like from Tom Nook (a racoon who has got a shop in the village) and put them in their houses. If their house looks nice, they get points and things from the HRA (Happy Room Academy). They also can buy clothes. The game is played in real time and has no ending. You can visit the villages of other players by using their Memory Card.

## Characters
### Villagers
The animals are different. There are different kinds of animals (for example cats, mice or dogs) and different characters (for example lazy, active...)

The player can choose between a male and female look.

### Tom Nook 
Tom Nook is a racoon who has got a shop called "Nook's Cranny" where you can buy things for your house or clothes. If you buy many things it gets bigger. You work there at the beginning of the game to pay for your house.

### Mable and Sable
Mable and Sable are two hedgehogs who have a shop called "Able Sisters" where players can make their own clothes.

### Tortimer
Tortimer is an old turtle who is the mayor of the village in *Animal Crossing: Population Growing*, *Animal Crossing: Wild World*, and *Animal Crossing: City Folk* (Known in EU as: Let's go to the City!) In *Animal Crossing: New Leaf*, you are the mayor.

### Pelly and Phyllis
Pelly and Phyllis are two pelicans who work at the post. You can send letters to the villagers.

### Resetti
Resetti is an angry mole. He comes when you reset the game and don't save it.

### K.K. Slider
K.K. Slider is a dog who comes to the train station every Saturday evening at 8.00 pm. He sings songs. You can take them to your house and listen to them there.

## Special days
At some days there are special things in Animal Crossing, some of them like days in real life, for example Christmas, Halloween, or Thanksgiving. Some are special events which are only in the game like fishing competitions. Sometimes you can get special items at days like that, for example Christmas clothes and furniture.

## References
Brassicaceae

**Brassicaceae** is a family of plants including mustard, wasabi, and horseradish. They are also called the mustard family, or cabbage family. Some plants in this family are hot when you eat them, so they are used as spices. Another group includes the cabbages, where there are broccoli, cauliflower, and cabbage. Another name for this family is Cruciferae.

The flowers of this family have four petals and look like a cross. The name comes from the genus in it, Brassica.

## Image gallery 

Image:DrabaAizoides.jpg|*Draba aizoides*
Image:Starr_990614-1007_Lepidium_bidentatum_var._o-waihiense.jpg|*Lepidium bidentatum*
Image:Herderstasje_bladrozet_(Capsella_bursa-pastoris).jpg|Incised leaves of *Capsella bursa-pastoris*
Image:Schleifenblume06.jpg|Corymbs of *Iberis umbellata*
Image:Arabidopsis thaliana inflorescencias.jpg|Corymbs of *Arabidopsis thaliana*
Image:Cardamine pulcherrima 01057t.JPG|Flower of *Cardamine pulcherrima*
Image:Kleine veldkers hauw (Cardamine hirsuta seedpods).jpg|Siliquae of *Cardamine hirsuta*
Image:Raphanus sativus silique IP0209056.jpg|Loment-like siliquae of *Raphanus sativus*
Image:Isatis.tinctoria.pods.jpg|Samara-like siliquae of *Isatis tinctoria*
Image:Cabbage.jpg|Cabbage (*Brassica oleracea*)
Image:Brassica rapa turnip.jpg|Turnips (*Brassica rapa*)
Image:Rapsfeld bei Kappeln Schleswig Holstein.jpg|Rapeseed field in Germany (*Brassica napus*)
Image:Matthiola incana6.jpg|*Matthiola incana*
Amputation

**Amputation** is the act of cutting off a part of the human body, sometimes because of medical reasons. In some countries, amputation of the hands, feet or other body parts was used as a form of punishment for people who committed crimes. A person who has had an arm or leg removed is known as an amputee.

## Related pages 
*Mutilation
*Prosthesis

## Other websites 
* Amputation Prevention Center  
* Artificial Limb & Appliance Service of Wales
* Limb Amputation: Reasons, Procedure, Recovery
Ned Kelly (2003 movie)

***Ned Kelly*** is a 2003 Australian movie directed by Gregor Jordan. The movie shows the life of Ned Kelly who was a famous bushranger in Australia. The movie is based on Robert Drewe's book *Our Sunshine*.

Most of the filming was done at the Little River Earth Sanctuary, Mount Rothwell, near Geelong. Street scenes were filmed in Clunes and Ballarat. Other locations include Broadford, Glenfern, Hepburn Springs and Melbourne.

## Related pages
*Ned Kelly
*Ned Kelly (1970 movie)
*The Story of the Kelly Gang

## Other websites
*Official site
*
*Boxoffice information

## References
Turban

wearing a turban.]]
The **turban** is a piece of clothing - a type of headwear based on cloth winding. It is worn by people of the Sikh religion.
Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi Billah

**Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi Billah** a.k.a **Said ibn Husayn** (Arabic: عبيد الله بن الحسين المهدي) is considered the founder of the Fatimid dynasty, the only major Shi'ite caliphate in Islam.  He established Fatimid rule throughout much of North Africa.  He ruled from 909 to 934.

After establishing himself as the first Imam of the Fatimid dynasty he made claim to genealogic origins dating as far back as Fatimah, the daughter of the Prophet of Islam, Muhammad, through Husayn, Fatimah's son, and Ismail. It was at this time as well that he changed his name to Ubaydallah Al-Mahdi.

## Links and references 
* 
* Imam al-Mahdi, the 11th Fatimi Imam. 
* Institute of Ismaili Studies London.
Nobody's Home

"'''Nobody's Home'''" is Avril Lavigne's third single from her second album *Under My Skin*. Daniel Stern played guitar for it. It was produced by Lavigne and Don Gilmore.

The song was written by Lavigne and Ben Moody, ex-member of Evanescence. It is a "rock ballad".

## Charts 
## References
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (novel)

'''''One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest''''' is a novel. It was written in 1959 by Ken Kesey. It was published in 1962. It is set in a mental asylum in Oregon which is run by the tyrannical Nurse Ratched and where the new patient Randle McMurphy rebels against her. It was made into a movie in 1975 that was directed by Miloš Forman. The movie stars Jack Nicholson as the patient Randle McMurphy and Louise Fletcher as Nurse Ratched. It was very popular, and won 5 Academy Awards. The novel's writer, Kesey, disliked the movie, because it did not take the perspective (view) of a Native American character, Chief Bromden (a more important character in the book than in the movie). It was a very controversial book when it was published. The novel is now considered a classic.
Futurama: Bender's Big Score

'''''Futurama: Bender's Big Score'''* is a 2007 American direct-to-video adult animated comedy movie, and the first *Futurama* movie. It was followed by *Futurama: The Beast with a Billion Backs*, and will have two more sequels called *Futurama: Bender's Game* and *Futurama: Into the Wild Green Yonder*. It was the first thing done with *Futurama'' since it was cancelled in 2005.

## Cast 
## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
*
750

## Events 
### By geography 
#### Asia 
* After the defeat of his army in the Battle of the Zab the last Umayyad Caliph, Marwan II, is overthrown and killed. Al-Saffah is proclaimed the first Abbasid Caliph. The capital of the Caliphate will later moved from Damascus to Baghdad, within the territory of the former Persian Empire; this transfer will prove to be a momentous event for Baghdad, which develops into a centre of international trade and culture.
#### Africa 
* The Ghana Empire begins.
Amir al-Mu'minin

'''Amir al-Mu'minin'* , but *Leader of the Believers* might be a better translation. It is the Arabic style of Caliphs and other independent sovereign Muslim rulers that claim legitimacy from a community of Muslims. It has been claimed as the title of rulers in Muslim countries and empires and is still used for some Muslim leaders.

## Use
Abu Bakr, the First Rashidun Caliph, is not reported to have ever conferred this title. He had the title of *Khalifa Rasulullah* rather than *Amir al-Mu'minin.'' On his accession in 634, Umar ibn Khattab, the Second Rashidun Caliph, was given the title. According to At-Tabaqat al Kubra, When Abu Bakr died, Muslims of the time said: “We are the Mu'minin (Believers/Faithful) and Umar is our Amir (Commander).” After this, the title Amir al-Mu'minin was held by Umar ibn Khattab who was also the first caliph to be given this title. Some Shia Muslims claim that Amir al-Mu'minin was used for Ali during Muhammads era. It has also been adopted by various Caliphs of the succeeding Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties, as well as by some contemporary Arab monarchs.

## Defunct offices that officially used this title
* Various Caliphs.
* The Taliban leader Mohammed Omar took the title while he was in control of Afghanistan.

## References
Middle Persian

**Middle Persian** is the Iranian dialect of southwestern Khuzestan, Lorestan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Provinces in Iran. During the Sassanid times (224-654 CE), it became a prestige dialect and came to be spoken in other regions as well. Middle Persian is classified as Western Iranian language, comes from Old Persian and is the ancestor of Modern Persian. 

The native name for Middle Persian (and perhaps for Old Persian also) was *Pārsik*. The word is the origin of the native name for Modern Persian.
Devil's Dyke

'''Devil's Dyke**, or **Devil's Ditch''' is an earthwork in Cambridgeshire, England. A few parts of Bronze Age broken pots have been found there.
Scranton, Pennsylvania

**Scranton** is a city in Pennsylvania. It is the county seat of Lackawanna County. The city had a population of 76,328 people in 2020. 46th U.S. President Joe Biden was born here.

## History
Scranton was first settled in 1776 by Lenape Indians.  Over time, settlers from New England began to move to Scranton.  They built mills and other small businesses. The village was known as **Slocum Hollow**.  In 1845, Scranton started to manufacture iron and steel.  The iron was used for making rails.  Scranton became a leading maker of iron rails. A railroad was founded in 1851. It was built to move iron and coal.

Scranton became a borough in 1856. In 1866, Scranton was made a city when **Hyde Park** and **Providence** joined together with the Borough of Scranton.  The city had 35,000 people living in it.  In 1866, a streetcar system was built.  It was the first in the United States.  Scranton got the nickname "The Electric City" because of this.  In the late 1890s, Scranton had several minor league baseball teams.

The United States Census said that Scranton had a population of 102,026 people in the year 1900. This made it the 38th largest city in the United States.  In the 1900s, Scranton was known for its many Victorian-style houses.

In 1901, the iron industry in Scranton moved to Lackawanna, New York.  Scranton lost one of its main industries.  In the next 25 years, many people from Eastern Europe moved to Scranton.  Two years later, the Laurel Line railroad opened up, making it easy to go to Wilkes-Barre,  south.  After World War II, coal began being replaced with cleaner fuels such as oil and gas causing Scranton to diminish.  There wasn't as much coal being made, and not as many trains passed through.  The streetcar system stopped in 1954, and a year later, the city was flooded after Hurricane Diane.  80 people died. The NYO&W freight railroad stopped going to Scranton in 1957.

The Knox Mine Disaster of 1959 wiped out the mining industry as the Susquehanna River flooded most of the mines in Northeastern Pennsylvania.  The local DL&W railroad, nearly out of money, merged with the Erie Railroad in 1960.  In the 1960s and 1970s, the silk and textile industries was getting smaller as they moved South or overseas.  In the 1970s and 1980s, the downtown shops lay empty as it was best to shop in suburban malls.  However, in the 1980s, the people of Scranton started revitalizing the city.  Old places were marketed as tourist attractions.  There is a historic site commemorating the city's railroad history, a hotel at the former DL&W Railroad station and a trolley museum.  Some more modern attractions are a ski resort, the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders (a minor league baseball team) and a concert venue.  Also, popular sitcom *The Office* is set in Scranton.

## References
Umayya ibn Abd Shams

**Umayya ibn Abd Shams** is the man, the clan of Banu Umayyad is named after. Umayya was the adopted son of Abd Shams ibn Abd Manaf and the father of Harb ibn Umayya and Abu al-'As.

## References
660

## Events 
* The Umayyad Empire was established.
* In the year 660 the kingdom of Silla invaded the kingdom of Baekje. (see Korea)
* Empress Saimei of Japan makes an order to dispatch a force to the Korean Peninsula to save Baekje.

## Births 
* Yamanoue no Okura, Japanese poet (d. 733) (see: Waka)
Ghazi Tehsil

**Ghazi Tehsil** is an administrative subdivision (tehsil) of Haripur District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The tehsil, headquartered at the town of Ghazi, is itself divided into 7 Union Councils.
Abd Manaf ibn Qusai

**Abd Manaf ibn Qusai** (Arabic: ) is the person, whom the clan of Banu Abd Manaf is named after. His father was Qusai ibn Kilab.

When his father died, he took charge of his work.  He too distinguished himself by his ability, and he was famous for his generosity and good judgment. 

He had five sons: Nawfal, Abd Shams, Hashim (after whom the Banu Hashim clan was named) and Muttalib . 

## Other websites 
*al-islam.org
Haripur Tehsil

**Haripur Tehsil** is an administrative subdivision (tehsil), of Haripur District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The tehsil is administratively subdivided into 37 Union Councils.

## References
Mandi Bahauddin Tehsil

**Mandi Bahauddin Tehsil** is an administrative subdivision (tehsil) of Mandi Bahauddin District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Mandi Bahauddin is the headquarters of the tehsil.

## References
## Other websites 
* Mandi-Bahauddin 
* Mandi-Bahauddin
Occult

's interpretation of Baphomet.]]**Occult** refers to an area of knowledge or thought that is hidden. The word occult has many uses in the English language. Often it means knowledge that lies outside the range of normal experience or scientific explanation. The term sometimes means knowledge meant only for certain people or knowledge that must be kept hidden. For most occultists it is the study of a deeper spiritual reality.

The term occult is also used as a label given to a number of magical organizations or orders, and the teachings and practices as taught by them. The name also extends to a large body of literature and spiritual philosophy.

## Occultism
Occultism is the study of occult. It can involve such subjects as magic (alternatively spelled and defined as magick), extra-sensory perception, astrology, spiritualism, numerology and lucid dreaming. There is often a strong religious element to these studies and beliefs, and many occultists profess adherence to religions such as Gnosticism, Hermeticism, Satanism, Thelema, and Neopaganism. While Christianity, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam are generally not considered as occult, some of their modern interpretations can be, such as the interpretation of Hinduism within Theosophy or the various occult interpretations of the Jewish Kabbalah.

## Science and the occultism
Alchemy, is considered an occult practice. Alchemy used to be common among scientists, such as Isaac Newton. During the Age of Enlightenment alchemy and science went their separate ways. Newton was accused of introducing occult agencies into natural science when he proposed that gravity was a force capable of acting over vast distances.

## Related pages
* Esotericism
* Haunted house
* Spiritual séance

## Notes
## Other websites 
* Journal of Thelemic Studies  - the first non-partisan, academic journal investigating the occult tradition of Thelema, founded by the infamous Aleister Crowley
* The Occult Lodge  For all things Occult
* University of Amsterdam Center for Study of Western Esotericism
* University of Exeter Centre for the Study of Esotericism (EXESESO)
* ESSWE European Society for the Study of Western Esotericism, with many links to associated organizations, libraries, scholars etc.
* Joseph H. Peterson, Twilit Grotto: Archives of Western Esoterica (Esoteric Archives: Occult Literature)
*Athenaeum  (Collection of occult works in PDF Format)
*Inner Quest  All things occult
Necronomicon

The ***Necronomicon*** is a fictional book of magic created by the horror writer H. P. Lovecraft. It is a Greek-sounding word commonly translated as "book of dead names".  It is pronounced "neck-ro-nom-ih-kon".  Like most of his ideas, the *Necronomicon* came to Lovecraft in his dreams.  Lovecraft let his friends write stories about the *Necronomicon*.  Eventually, fake *Necronomicon*s were written.

## Fictional History
According to Lovecraft, the *Necronomicon* was written in the eighth century by a crazy Arabian man named Abdul Alhazred. Alhazred (who was also fictional) practiced evil magic.  He assembled a collection of evil spells into a manuscript (a book with loose pages and no cover) which he called *Al Azif*. Lovecraft said this as an Arabian phrase for a scary sound, like a scream.  Later, the original manuscript was translated into Greek.  It was given the title *Necronomicon*.  Olaus Wormius (a real person) then translated the Greek version into Latin.  John Dee (also real) translated the *Necronomicon* into English.  Lovecraft liked to mix in real people and places in his fiction.  This made the stories seem more real.  Some people were fooled into thinking what he wrote was true.

## "Real" Necronomicons
Since Lovecraft's death, several authors have written their own versions of the *Necronomicon*. They are the author's imagination of what the *Necronomicon* would be like, if it were real.  A few claim to be the actual *Necronomicon*. The most famous case of a "real" *Necronomicon* is the "Simon" *Necronomicon*.  Simon is a fake name.  It was published in the 1970s. The "Simon" *Necronomicon* is based on Sumerian mythology. It has nothing to do with H. P. Lovecraft's fiction. Some people dislike the "Simon" *Necronomicon*.  They do not like that it pretends to be real.  Sometimes, people believe it to be real.  Simon has written several books about the *Necronomicon*'s "discovery". 

Here are some hoax Necronomicons (books that the authors claim are the real Necronomicon):

**The True Story of the Necronomicon*, author unknown

**George Hay Presents: The Necronomicon*, by George Hay

**Al Azif: The Necronomicon*, by L. Sprague de Camp

Here are some books that are the authors' imaginations of what the Necronomicon might be like:

**Necronomicon: The Wandering of Alhazred*, by Donald Tyson

**Alhazred: Author of the Necronomicon* (a novel about the life of Abdul Alhazred, also by Donald Tyson)

**Grimoire of the Necronomicon* (a book of real spells inspired by the fiction of H. P. Lovecraft, also by Donald Tyson)

Here are all the books by Simon about the *Necronomicon*:

**Necronomicon Spellbook* (an instruction manual of how to use the Necronomicon's spells safely)

**Dead Names: The Dark History of the Necronomicon*

**Gates of the Necronomicon* (a book explaining the Walking of the Seven Gates, a long and complicated ritual that all first-time users of the Necronomicon must perform)

## Related pages 
* Grimoire
The Adventures of Pinocchio

## References 
* Zipes, Jack (Ed.) 2000. *The Oxford Companion to Fairy Tales*. Oxford UP. pp.&nbsp;384–5.
Arra, Chakwal

**Arra** is a village and Union Council of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. It is part of Choa Saidan Shah Tehsil.

## References
Thumper

**Thumper** may mean:
* Thumper (Medicine), An oxygen or electric powered CPR Assist Device.
* Thumper (Motorcycle), a four-stroke single cylinder motorcycle
* Bible thumper, a derisive term used to describe Christian fundamentalists
* Diesel-Electric Multiple Unit, the British Rail Class 205 and Class 207 diesel electric multiple units are nicknamed Thumpers
* M79 Grenade launcher, a weapon nicknamed "Thumper"
* Sun Fire X4500, a storage server code-named "Thumper"
* WORTH produces first official NCAA Collegiate aluminum baseball bat, The Tennessee "Thumper" in 1974.
* "Thumper", a song by Raging Speedhorn on the album *Raging Speedhorn*
* "Thumper", a popular drinking game.
* Jeremy Paxman, host of *University Challenge*
* Restrictor, a machine in the game *Half-Life 2*, also known as Thumpers
* "Thumper", a term used to name the Activity Indicator in early versions of Mozilla Firefox
* "Thumper" is a character from the Twisted Metal Series of Sony PlayStation. He is portraited as a African-American South Central gangsta that drives a pink and white 64 Impala-like car.

in **fictional characters**:
* Thumper (Bambi), a rabbit in the Disney animated movie *Bambi*
* Thumper, a quarry driller in *Thomas the Tank Engine and Friends*
* Thumper, Hopper's pet grasshopper in ''A Bug's Life*
* Thumper, a recurring character in the television show *Veronica Mars*
* Thumper, a mechanical device in the science fiction book *Dune*
* Thumper, a character in the James Bond movie *Diamonds Are Forever''
Ghost town

, USA, a ghost town that is now a State Park.]]
, ghost town in Italy.]]
A **ghost town** is a name for a city or town in which no one lives anymore. It can happen because of economical reasons (for instance, a town of gold miners who cannot find gold anymore), a natural  (a flood, a very long drought) or even a man-made disaster (for example, the nuclear fallout that emptied the town of Prypiat, Ukraine). 

Some ghost towns are kept intact as tourist attractions. For example Craco, in the Italian region of Basilicata, is a destination for tourists and pilgrims, as well as a famous movie set for movies like *The Passion of the Christ* by Mel Gibson and *Quantum of Solace* by Marc Forster.
Rain dance

.]]
A **rain dance** is a ceremonial dance. It is performed by people who believe it will cause rain and keep their harvest safe.

Many different types of "rain dances" can be found in many cultures, from Ancient Egypt to certain Native American tribes. In the 20th century Balkans, a ritual known as Paparuda (Romanian) or Perperuna (Slavic) is a type of rain dance.

The Cherokee tribe, an ethnic Native American tribe from the Southeastern United States used rain dances to both create rain and to remove evil spirits from the earth.  The legend of the tribe says that the rain created has the spirits of the former leaders of the tribe. During the rain, these spirits fight the evil spirits in a place between our reality and the spirit world. These raindances are also seen as acts of worship.

Julia M. Butree in her book,  describes the "Rain Dance of Zuni" and other Native American dances

Feathers and turquoise are worn during the dance. They symbolize wind and rain.  Many traditions of the Rain Dance are passed down through history by people telling their children about them in stories.

## Settler times
In an early type of meteorology, Native Americans in the midwestern parts of modern United States often tracked and followed known weather patterns. They would do a raindance for settlers in return for trade items. This is best known to happen among Osage and Quapaw Indian tribes of Missouri and Arkansas.

## References
Terry Goodkind

**Terry Goodkind** (January 11, 1948 &ndash; September 17, 2020) was an American writer from the U.S. state of Nebraska. He was known for writing fantasy books. His most famous book is called ''Wizard's First Rule* which is part of *the Sword of Truth'' series. He was born in Omaha, Nebraska.

Goodkind died on September 17, 2020 in Boulder City, Nevada at the age of 72.

## References
Bharpur

**Bharpur** is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Chakwal Tehsil and is located at 32°51'0N 72°34'0E

## References
Dullah

**Dullah** is a village and Union Council of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan.

## References
Pandemic Studios

**Pandemic Studios** was a video game developer that was started in 1998. It became owned by Electronic Arts from 2007 to 2009. It was an Australian and American company, with offices in Brisbane and Los Angeles.

Pandemic Studios developed the first two main titles of the successful *Star Wars: Battlefront* series; those were *Star Wars: Battlefront* and *Star Wars: Battlefront II*. It also developed *Full Spectrum Warrior*, the *Mercenaries* series, and the last game in the *Army Men* series.

Their office in Brisbane was closed in February 2009. In November 2009, Electronic Arts cut a total of 1,500 jobs, including at Pandemic. The company was officially closed on 17 November 2009. The rest of the staff were moved to EA Los Angeles to support *Mercs Inc*, a sequel to the *Mercenaries* series.

## Games developed (made)
**Battlezone II* (1999)
**Dark Reign 2* (2000)
**Triple Play 2002* (2002)
**Army Men RTS* (2002)
**Star Wars: The Clone Wars* (2002)
**Full Spectrum Warrior* (2004)
**Star Wars: Battlefront* (2004)
**Star Wars: Battlefront II* (2005)
**Mercenaries: Playground of Destruction* (2005)
**Destroy All Humans!* (2005)
**Destroy All Humans! 2* (2006)
**Mercenaries 2: World in Flames* (2008)
**The Lord of the Rings: Conquest* (2009)
**The Saboteur* (2009)

## References
Texas A&M University

**Texas A&M University** is a public university in College Station, Texas.  It is a large university, with about 65,000 students.  It was founded in 1871.  It and the University of Texas at Austin are the two largest universities in the state.  For many years, everybody at Texas A&M had to take classes about the army, and Texas A&M is one of only six schools in the country that have a "Corps of Cadets." The George H.W. Bush presidential library is at Texas A&M.  

There are other campuses of Texas A&M in Galveston, Laredo, Corpus Christi and Texarkana.  There is also a campus in Qatar.  

## Sports
Texas A&M's athletics teams are called the Aggies. Texas A&M has 18 varsity teams that compete in the Southeastern Conference.

## References
*

## Other websites
*Texas A&M University
*Texas A&M Aggies official athletics website
University of Texas at Austin

The **University of Texas at Austin** is a public university in Austin, Texas.  It is one of the largest universities in the United States, with almost 50,000 students.  It was founded in 1883.

## Sports
Texas' athletics teams are called the Longhorns. Texas has 18 varsity teams, almost all of which compete in the Southeastern Conference, which it joined in 2024. The only exception is women's beach volleyball, which is independent (not in a conference).

## Sources
*

## Notes
## References
Biblical Mount Sinai

in 1659.]]
The **Biblical Mount Sinai** is a mountain that was written about in the Old Testament. It was written by Moses that the Ten Commandments were given to him by God on Mount Sinai. The name Horeb is sometimes used to describe Mount Sinai. Tradition places it at Jebel Musa (Mount Moses) in the south of the Sinai Peninsula, but some see it as being further north at the Wadi Sudr.

## Related pages
*Exodus
*Deuteronomy

## References 
## Other websites 
*Where is Mount Sinai
*The Lost Mountain, 1956-12-03, TIME