open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Urban planning

plan of Ebenezer Howard - 1902]]
**Urban planning** (urban, city, and town planning) is the design of cities and other urban areas. It focuses on the management and use of land, infrastructure, architecture and urbanisation. 

## Related pages 
* Urbanism
* Urban Land Institute
* Journal of Planning History
* International Planning History Society
* Society for American City and Regional Planning History

## Other websites 
*
Carolyn Keene

"**Carolyn Keene**" is a pseudonym for the authors of the *Dana Girls* and *Nancy Drew* books. The first Carolyne Keene was a journalist, Mildred A. Wirt Benson, who wrote many of the books starting in 1929. Later books were written by Harriet Stratemeyer Adams, the daughter of the books' publisher, Edward Stratemeyer. There have also been several other authors writing Nancy Drew books for Stratemeyer.

## References
Robyn

**Robin Miriam Carlsson** (or **Robyn**; born June 12, 1979) is a Swedish recording artist and musician. She first became well-known worldwide during the late 1990s. She had a quite a few hit songs, including "Do You Know (What it Takes)" from her first record *Robyn is Here*. Other singles include "Dancing on My Own", "Be Mine!" and "Crash and Burn Girl". Robyn was born in Stockholm, Sweden. She has been nominated for four Grammy Awards.

## Personal life
Robyn is engaged to Max Vitali.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Division of Oxley

The **Division of Oxley** is an Australian Electoral Division in Queensland. It was created in 1949 and named after the Australian explorer, John Oxley. Oxley covers the south western suburbs of Brisbane, as well as part of the city of Ipswich. There was an earlier Division of Oxley from 1901–1934, which covered a different part of Brisbane.

## Members for Oxley
Its best-known member was Bill Hayden, the Labor Opposition Leader between 1977 and 1983. Hayden became a minister in the Hawke Government and in 1988 was made Governor-General. 

In 1996, Pauline Hanson was selected by the Liberal Party to contest the seat. She lost Liberal support because of her views on migration and Aboriginal issues. The Liberal Party were not able to select another person in time, and Hanson was elected as Liberal, but sat in the House of Representatives as an independent. She formed the right wing One Nation party. After a redistribution in 1997, Hanson unsuccessfully contested the Division of Blair at the 1998 election.

## Election results
## References
## Other websites
* Division of Oxley (Qld) — Australian Electoral Commission
* Bernie Ripoll's website
Takuya Eguchi

is a Japanese voice actor. He is from Ibaraki Prefecture. He works with 81 Produce, a voice acting company.

## Animes
* Exstetra
* Makai Oji: Devils and Realists
* Inu x Boku SS

## References
Etelä-Suomen Sanomat

***Etelä-Suomen Sanomat***, nickname *Etlari*, is a newspaper published in Finland. It is issued daily. It was first printed in 1914. 

## List of chief editor
*Chief editors:*

Oskar Marjanen 1914

Kaarlo Kytömaa 1914–1915

Jaakko Tervo 1915–1920

Jalmari Niemi 1920–1927

William Ilmoni 1927–1932

Frans Keränen 1932–1962

Tauno Lahtinen 1962–1983

Olli Järvinen 1962–1973

Eeva Rissanen 1972–1986

Kauko Mäenpää 1984–1999

Pentti Vuorio 1986–1995

Heikki Hakala 1997–

## Other websites
* ess.fi
Back Number

is a Japanese rock band. It started in 2004. After several line-up changes, the current band has been together since 2007. They are signed to Universal Music. Their most successful album, *Superstar*, reached Number 4 on the Japanese charts in 2011.

## Members
* Iyori Shimizu: vocal and guitar back number
* Kazuya Kojima: bass and backing vocals
* Hisashi Kurihara: drums

## Discography
### Singles
# "Hanabira" (Petal) (2011)
# "Hanataba" (Bouquet) (2011)
# "Omoidasenakunarusonohimade" (Remember That Day) (2011)
# "Koi" (Love) (2012)
# "Nitiyobi" (Sunday) (2012)
# "Watagashi" (Cotton Candy)(2012)
# "Aoiharu" (Blue Spring) (2012)
# "Takanenohanakosan" (Hanako on the elderly) (2013)

### Albums
;Short albums:
# *Nogashitasakana (Missed Fish)* (2009)

;Long albums:
# *Atonomaturi (Notchim Time)* (2010) 
# *Supasuta (Superstar)* (2011)
# *Blues (2012)*
# *Love Story (2014)*
Hjälmaren

**Hjälmaren** is a lake in central Sweden. It is the fourth-largest lake in Sweden.

## References
## Other websites
Storsjön

**Storsjön** is a lake in northern Sweden. It is the fifth-largest lake in Sweden. According to folklore, there is a monster living in the lake, *Storsjöodjuret* (the "Storsjö Monster").

## Other websites
Solna Municipality

**Solna Municipality** () is a municipality in Stockholm County in central Sweden. The seat is in Solna.

## References 
## Other websites
* Solna Municipality
Urban design

**Urban design** is a subject of urban planning focusing on design of cities or other urban areas. Whereas architecture focuses on individual buildings, urban design is about the design of whole neighbourhoods and entire cities. It is about making them functional and attractive.

There are many problems that urban design tries to fix. One of them has to do with public health. One of the most talked about issues is about how easily people can walk to where they need to go. It became a bigger issue recently, not only because of the environment, but also because of people not being very healthy. Cities with a lot of gas cars hurt people. When people live around cars that blow smoke. people start to get really sick. People's hearts will beat in a weird way and it can lead to people dying. More people die from bad air each year than from getting hit by a car.  That makes people want some changes. So they go out to say to people that the cities have to change. Instead of cars, they want cities to use trains for going really far, and they want cities to use bikes or buses to go not very far. Then they want people to be able to walk to any close by places. This would help public health double by getting rid of car smoke and getting people to walk more. This can help people's hearts beat normally and not let them die. It is also good exercise. There is evidence that cities can get people to walk more in them by having more open public spaces, stores within walking distance, grass, trees and other pleasing designs outside, and other things. It also helps with mental health, because people are more likely to talk to each other and that cuts down on loneliness. 

Other websites
* 5th International Urban Design Conference 
* 4th International Urban Design Conference 
* 2th International Urban Design Conference 
* Shenzhen & Hong Kong Bi‐City Biennale of Urbanism & Architecture
* Bat Yam International Biennale of Landscape Urbanism  2010 
* Cities of the Future: overview of important urban design elements
* MA Theories of Urban Practice program in New York City
Lycksele

**Lycksele** is a town in northern Sweden. It is the seat of Lycksele Municipality and is in Västerbotten County.

## References 
## Other websites
Creatures (artificial life series)

***Creatures*** is a series of artificial life (alife) computer programs. It was created in the mid-1990s by English computer scientist Steve Grand. It was developed by Millennium Interactive. The game is about raising alien creatures known as Norns. This involves teaching them to survive, helping them  their world, defending them against other animals, and breeding them. The player can also teach the creatures to speak a language, and can then tell their creature to do something by typing in instructions.

Between 1996 and 2001, six *Creatures* games were released. 

The program was notable for being one of the first commercial products to create artificial-life animals using genetics, biochemistry and neural network brains. This meant that the Norns and their DNA could "evolve" in many different ways. By breeding certain Norns with others, some traits could be passed on to younger generations. The genetics in *Creatures* are slightly different from human genetics; they are haploid.

**Creatures* (released in 1996)
**Creatures 2* (released in 1998)
**Creatures 3* (released in 1999)
**Creatures Adventures* (released in 2000)
**Creatures Playground* (released in 2000)
**Docking Station* (released in 2001)
**Creatures Online* is in development, and was originally announced as *Creatures 4*.  It is due out the end of 2014.

## References
## More reading
*
*
*

## Other websites
*Gameware Development 
*Cyberlife Research 
*Official Game Website of Creatures Online 
*The Creatures Wiki
Luleå Cathedral

**Luleå Cathedral** () is a cathedral in the town of Luleå in Sweden. It belongs to Luleå Cathedral Parish of the Church of Sweden. It serves the Diocese of Luleå. It was opened in on 3 December 1893. That day was First Advent Sunday the same year.

It became a cathedral when the Diocese of Luleå was established in 1904.

## References 
## Other websites
Aérospatiale SA-365 Dauphin 2

The **Aérospatiale SA-365 Dauphin 2** is a French helicopter. It is both a civilian and military helicopter. Mainly used for search and rescue, it is also used for transport and war against submarines. In this last kind it can carry one or two torpedoes. It is a modernized variant of Aérospatiale SA-360 Dauphin, with two turboshafts.

## Variants 
* *SA-365C* : This is the version of original series. It has pads as an undercarriage.
* *SA-365F* : This is the first important series. It has retractable wheels as an undercarriage. 
** *SA-365N* : This is the version of SA-365F for export.
* *SA-366* : This is the version made specially for United States Coast Guard and known as HH-65 Dolphin.
* *SA-365K* : This is the first non-naval version, dedicated to aerial attack.
* *SA-365M* : This is the first official military variant, later designated AS-565 Panther.
* *SA-365DGV* (*DGV* for *Dauphin à Grande Vitesse*, or in English High Speed Dauphin) : This is an experimental variant for high speed research. Its name is in reference of French high-speed rail TGV.

In 1992 after founding of Eurocopter all designations in *SA-* were changed to *AS-*. So **SA-365N** became **AS-365N**.

Harbin Z-9 is a Chinese variant built under licence, and Eurocopter EC155 is the new one, built at the beginning as AS-365N4.

## Users 
Militaries and governmental **Aérospatiale SA-365N Dauphin 2** were acquired by : Australia, Argentina, Bangladesh, Chile, Dominican Republic, France, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Kuwait, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, UK, USA, Uruguay and many others.

## Bibliography 
* Jackson, Robert, *Helicopters: Military, Civilian, and Rescue Rotorcraft* (The Aviation Factfile).  London: Grange Books Ltd, 2005. .
* Gaillard, Pierre, ''Avions et hélicoptères militaires d'aujourd'hui* Paris, France : Larivière éditions, 1999.  .
* Frawley, Gerard, *The international directory of military aircraft 2002/2003'' .  London: Aerospace Publication, 2002. .
Shenzhen & Hong Kong Bi‐City Biennale of Urbanism & Architecture

**Shenzhen & Hong Kong Bi‐City Biennale of Urbanism & Architecture** is an international event that takes place every 2 years in Hong Kong, China. A "biennale" is an event that happens every 2 years. In 2005, the Chinese government decided to dedicate the biennale to Chinese architecture and urban planning to promote city of Hong Kong and the area of Shenzhen.

## Other websites 
* Shenzhen & Hong Kong Bi‐City Biennale of Urbanism & Architecture
Bat-Yam International Biennale of Landscape Urbanism

The **Bat-Yam International Biennale of Landscape Urbanism** (also called **Urban Action**) is an international event held every two years in Bat-Yam, Israel. It is dedicated to urban design and landscape urbanism. The event was first held in 2008 as an initiative of the city hall of Bat-Yam.

## Other websites 
* Bat Yam International Biennale of Landscape Urbanism  2010
Lycksele Municipality

**Lycksele Municipality** () is a municipality in Västerbotten County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Lycksele.

## References 
## Other websites
* Lycksele Municipality
Friends (band)

**Friends** was a dansband from Sweden, active between 1999 and 2002. The band participated at Eurovision Song Contest 2001 with the song *Lyssna till ditt hjärta*.

## Discography
### Albums
**Friends på turné* (1999)
**Blickar som tänder* (2000)
**Listen to your Heartbeat* (2001)
**Dance With Me* (2002)
**Best of Friends* (2003)
The Book of Tea

is a long essay about the role that tea plays in Japanese lifestyle and culture. It was written by Okakura Kakuzō, and was published in 1906.

The book is written for a Western audience. It was originally written in English. Okakura had been taught at a young age to speak English and was good at communicating his thoughts to Westerners. In his book, he discusses Zen and Taoism, but also the secular (non-religious) aspects of tea and Japanese life. The book emphasizes how Teaism (the art of tea) taught the Japanese many things. Most importantly it taught them . Kakuzō says that this simplicity, inspired by tea, affected arts and architecture.

## Teaism
When tea is more than a drink and the tea ceremony is understood and practiced to foster harmony in humanity, promote harmony with nature, discipline the mind, quiet the heart, and attain the purity of enlightenment, the art of tea becomes teaism.  And it can be used to describe tea ceremony as the interests in tea culture and studies and pursued over time with self-cultivation.  Teaism is mostly a simplistic mode of aesthetics, but there are subtle insights into ethics, and even metaphysics. Teaism is related to teamind. A sense of focus and concentration while under the influence of great tasting tea. Teaist is a person who performs or enjoys the art of tea and teaism. In Chinese, Japanese, and Korean cultures, they all have well-developed teaism.

### History
Teaism is a synthesis of Taoism, Zennism, and tea. It is likely that it alludes more to the Taoist influences on Zen, and subsequently the Chado, or the Japanese tea ceremony, as he makes the statement, 'A subtle philosophy lay behind it all. Teaism was Taoism in disguise.' Teaism is brought out for its Taoist origins; but in the second half, it is shown through its manifestations in the Chado and in Japanese culture in general.

### Terminology of dao/do with respect to tea
In this sense tea is more than a drink and more than an art, it is integrated in the culture and the mind. The term Chinese:chadao or Japanese:chado in English is a difficult translation task.  In most common use and easy to express translation is "tea ceremony".  A direct translation is "the way of tea" or "the way of tea".  The term  "teaism" is by some only signifies this with Japanese tea ceremony. Similar terms are "tea arts" and "tea culture".  While the word lore is usually not used in this context, another term used is tea lore.

## References 
* Teaism of Korea
*Tea Life, Tea Mind by 千 玄室, Soshitsu Sen
* Teaism defined 
* 
* The Book of Tea (html text)
* *The Illustrated Book of Tea* (Okakura's classic illustrated with 17th-19th century *ukiyo-e* woodblock prints of Japanese tea culture). Chiang Mai: Cognoscenti Books. 2012. ASIN: B009033C6M

## Other websites
*The Transform of Tea Drinker’s Aesthetic Inclination of Ming Scholars 
*
*The Book of Tea  (2,8 MB), published in The TeX showcase and typeset by William Adams
*The Book of Tea (html text)
Herreys

**Herreys** was a pop/schlager trio from Sweden, active in the 1980s. The trio performed the Eurovision Song Contest 1984 winning song, *Diggiloo, diggiley*.

## Discography
### Albums
*1984: *Diggi-loo Diggi-ley*
*1985: *Crazy People*
*1985: *Not Funny*
*1986: ''Different I's*
*1987: *Live in Tivoli*
*1994: *Där vindarna möts*
*1995: *Herreys Story*
*2002: *Gyllene hits*
*2010: *The Greatest Hits''
Urban Land Institute

The **Urban Land Institute** (also called **ULI**) is a non-profit research organization dedicated to urban planning and urban development. The institute is located in Washington D.C., United States, with branches in London and Hong Kong.

## Other websites 
*Urban Land Institute Official Website
*Urban Land magazine
*ULI Gerald D. Hines Student Urban Design Competition website 
*J.C. Nichols Prize website 
*ULI Advisory Services Program
Zener diode

and zener diode)]]

**Zener diode** is like a normal diode, but instead of being destroyed by a big reverse voltage, it lets electricity through.  The voltage needed for this is called the breakdown voltage or Zener voltage.  Because it can be built with a known breakdown voltage, it can be used to accurately measure voltage.

## References
Boxing Helena

***Boxing Helena*** is a 1993 American romantic drama movie. It is about a lonely surgeon from Atlanta who gets obsessed with an accident victim named Helena. Sherilyn Fenn plays Helena. This movie was originally marked NC-17 (no children 17 and under admitted). It was later re-rated R on appeal. The movie performed very badly at the box office. The reviews were very negative. This movie was released in September 1993.

## Production 
There was controversy with the casting of this movie. Madonna and Kim Basinger were each cast as Helena, but backed out. Basinger was taken to court for leaving the role. She lost, and was ordered to pay 8.1 million dollars. The verdict was later set aside on appeal in 1994, but the actress later settled for $3.8 million.

## References
Kama Sutra: A Tale of Love

***Kama Sutra: A Tale of Love*** is a 1996 erotic romance movie. While this movie was being shot in India, the name of the movie was kept secret because the Indian government would not have allowed filming with the name "Kama Sutra". It was instead named "Maya & Tara". When the movie was finished, it was banned in India due to the erotic scenes, especially homosexual scenes.

In the United States, this movie was originally rated NC-17. It was later trimmed and re-rated R.

## Other websites 
*
Breadboard

A **breadboard** is an electron tool which can be used to test electrical circuits. Instead of using soldering to connect wires and components together (like on a perfboard or printed circuit board), they can be stuck into the holes of the breadboard. It has metal strips inside that will connect them, and it lets them be removed easily or moved around when testing a circuit. 

The rows and columns of holes on a breadboard are usually labelled with numbers and letters. Everything in a row with the same number will be connected, except if the breadboard has a strip down the center. In that case, the metal is split and the row has two separate connections (one on each side). The center strip is also useful when connecting integrated circuits, because they can be pushed in over the top of it and have legs connecting to both sides without overlapping the connections.

22 or 24 gauge wire usually work best to plug into the holes in a breadboard.
Visiting card

A **visiting card** is a small paper card with a person's name on it. They were used to let someone know that another person had come to their home for a visit. Some visiting cards had just a name on them. Some also had images.

Visiting cards are not used as much as they used to be. Business cards are now used the way visiting cards used to be used.

File:Goethe visiting card.png|A plain visiting card with only a name (Johann Wolfgang von Goethe)
File:A Desk Book on the Etiquette of Social Stationery Card63.png|A visiting card showing and address and the day that visitors are welcome to visit the card holder
File:VisitingCardJohannVanBeethoven.jpg|The visiting card of Johann van Beethoven, brother of Ludwig van Beethoven
File:Visiting Card of Kaiser Wilhelm.jpg|Visiting card of Wilhelm II of Germany
File:OHM - Bischof Leopold von Firmian 2.jpg|Visiting card of Leopold Ernst von Firmian, cardinal bishop of Passau

Before the industrialization visiting cards were hand made. Since the end of the 19th century production has become more and more automated.
Excision (movie)

***Excision*** is a 2012 horror movie. The movie is about a high school student who wants a career in medicine. Marlee Matlin has the role of Amber. *Excision* is rated R in Australia and in the United States. It received very positive reviews from the critics.
AnnaLynne McCord

**AnnaLynne McCord** (born July 16, 1987) is an American actress. She plays the roles of vixens in movies. She starred as Suzie Woods in the 2008 supernatural thriller *The Haunting of Molly Hartley*. She also starred as Naomi Clark in the show *90210*. The actress was born in Atlanta, Georgia.
Chained (2012 movie)

***Chained*** is a 2012 Canadian psychological horror movie. It is about a cab-driving serial killer who stalks his victims on the streets. This movie was originally marked NC-17 (no children 17 and under admitted) by the MPAA. It was edited downwards to an R. It was released theatrically in some countries, direct-to-video in the United States.

The movie was first shown at Fantasia International Film Festival.

## Cast
* Vincent D'Onofrio as Bob
** Daniel Maslany as Young Bob
* Eamon Farren as Rabbit / Tim Fittler
** Evan Bird as Young Rabbit
* Julia Ormond as Sarah Fittler
* Conor Leslie as Angie
* Jake Weber as Brad Fittler
** Michael Maslany as Young Brad
* Gina Philips as Marie

Additionally, Troy Skog and Shannon Jardine play Bob's parents and Alexander Doerksen plays Colin. Amy Matysio appears as Mary, one of Bob's victims. Director Jennifer Lynch has a cameo as a cooking show host on TV.

## Critical reception
Peter Bradshaw from *The Guardian* and Tim Robey from *The Daily Telegraph* both rated the movie 1/5 stars. The earlier called it "a fantastically crass and fatuous-in other words, silly and pointless-serial killer movie." The latter thought that *Chained* was "a lurid disgrace."

On the opposite end, Lauren Taylor from *Bloody Disgusting* rated the movie 4/5 stars. Taylor wrote: "*Chained* takes a typical tale of an abused child and makes something that is Oscar worthy." Rotten Tomatoes has the movie rated near 72% approval.

## References
Hep Stars

The **Hep Stars** was a pop group from Sweden, active from 1963 to 1969.

## Discography
### Albums
*1965 - *We and Our Cadillac* - Olga LPO 01
*1965 - *Hep Stars on Stage* - Olga LPO 02
*1966 - *The Hep Stars* - Olga LPO 04
*1967 - *Jul med Hep Stars* - Olga LPO 06
*1968 - ''It's Been a Long Long Time* - Cupol CLPNS 342
*1968 - *Songs We Sang 68* - LPO 07
*1969 - *Hep Stars på svenska* - Olga LPO 11
*1970 - *How It All Started* - Efel LPE 003
*1989 - *Hep Stars Act II''
Tech (river)

The **Tech** () is a river in southeastern France, close to the French-Spanish border. It runs through a valley in the department of the Pyrénées-Orientales, in the former Roussillon. Its drainage basin is the southernmost river basin of Metropolitan France.

The river gives its name to two *communes* in the department: Le Tech and Arles-sur-Tech.

## Geography
The source of the Tech is on the eastern side of Roc Colom in the Pyrenees at an elevation of , in the *commune* of Prats-de-Mollo-la-Preste.

It flows generally from southwest to northeast, The basin is composed of two areas that are quite different:

The discharge of the river at this location is  per second.

Both the valley of the Tech and its mouth are part of Natura 2000, an ecological network of protected areas in the European Union.

]]
## Tributaries
The Tech has 22 tributaries; the longest tributaries are:
* Right tributaries:
** Lamanère, 
** Maureillas, 
** Tanyari, 
* Left tributaries
** Coumelade, 
** Riuferrer, 
** Ample, 

## Cantons along the river
 in the Pyrénées-Orientales traversed by the Tech.]]
The Tech is entirely in the department of Pyrénées-Orientales. It crosses two *arrondissements*, six *cantons* and 25 *communes*. The two *arrondissements* are Céret and Perpignan.

As for the *cantons*, the Tech has its source in the *canton* of Prats-de-Mollo-la-Preste, and then flows through the *cantons* of Arles-sur-Tech, Canton Ceret, Thuir Canton, Canton Elne and finally Argelès-sur-Mer.

## Landmark
The **Pont del Diable** ("Devil's bridge") or **Pont Vieux** ("Old bridge") at Céret over the river Tech.

## Gallery

File:FR66 Arles-sur-Tech Salt de Maria Valenta 1.jpg|Salt de Maria Valenta fall, Arles-sur-Tech
File:Le Tech - Confluence Coumelade Tech.JPG|Confluence of the Coumelade and the Tech
File:Céret 2010 001.jpg|Le Tech river, Céret
File:Pont du Diable - Céret.JPG|Le Pont du Diable (The Devil's bridge), Céret

## References
Sollefteå

**Sollefteå** is a town in northern Sweden. It is the seat of Sollefteå Municipality and is in Västernorrland County.

## References 
## Other websites
Philip Roth

**Philip Milton Roth** (March 19, 1933 – May 22, 2018) was an American novelist from Newark, New Jersey. His books include *Goodbye, Columbus* and *The Human Stain*.

Roth has won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, the National Book Award, and several other awards. He studied at the University of Chicago.

Roth died at a Manhattan hospital of congestive heart failure on May 22, 2018 at the age of 85.

## References
Soteira

**Soteira** (, male **Soter**, ) is an epithet that was added to the names of gods and goddesses in Greek mythology. It means "Saviour". It expresses the fact that the speaker expects the deity to save them and cleanse them of evil. It has been used with Artemis, Persephone, and Athena.

## References
Kent (band)

**Kent** is a rock band from the town of Eskilstuna in Sweden, started up in 1990.

## Discography
### Albums
* *Kent* (1995)
* *Verkligen* (1996)
* *Isola* (1997)
* *Hagnesta Hill* (1999)
* *B-sidor 95-00* (2000)
* *Vapen & ammunition* (2002)
* *Du & jag döden* (2005)
* *The hjärta & smärta EP* (2005)
* *Tillbaka till samtiden* (2007)
* *Box 1991–2008* (2008)
* *Röd* (2009)
* *En plats i solen* (2010)
* *Jag är inte rädd för mörkret* (2012)

## Other websites
Thomas Middleton

**Thomas Middleton** (1580-1627) was a Jacobean dramatist. He is believed by some experts to have helped Shakespeare with plays such as Timon of Athens. His own plays include ''The Revenger's Tragedy''. He also worked with other writers of his day like John Webster.

## Other websites
*Thomas Middleton
John Webster

**John Webster** (1580-1634) was an English dramatist. He was perhaps best known for his plays *The Duchess of Malfi* and *The White Devils*.

## Other websites
*Luminarium
Dennis Farina

**Dennis Farina** (February 29, 1944 &ndash; July 22, 2013) was an American actor and former Chicago police officer. He was known for his role as Detective Joe Fontana on *Law & Order*. Farina was also in *Get Shorty*, *Manhunter*, *Eddie*, and *Saving Private Ryan*.

## Early life
Farina was born on February 29, 1944 in Chicago, Illinois. He was of Sicilian descent. Farina was a police officer from 1967 through 1985.

### Death
Farina died on July 22, 2013 in a hospital in Scottsdale, Arizona, from a pulmonary embolism. He was 69 years old. Farina is buried at Mount Carmel Cemetery in Hillside, Illinois.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Dennis Farina - Hollywood.com
Effect pedal

An **effect pedal** is an electronic device that can change the sound of an instrument or the voice of a person. Typical effects include echo, chorus, distortion, tremolo, reverb and flanger. A potentiometer is one of the electronic parts that effect pedals use to change the sound.

Effect pedals are commonly connected to electric guitars and bass guitars and to amplifiers using a cable, such as a phone connector. The pedal is then put on the floor and controlled using the player's foot. Depending on how the effect works, there are different ways to use the pedal:
* The player may have to push and release the pedal to turn on the effect, and do it again to turn it off.
* The player may have to push and hold the pedal down to turn the effect on, and release the pedal to turn it off.
* Some effects, such as volume or wah-wah, use a pedal where the player presses with the  to increase the effect or with the  to decrease the effect.

Many guitarists like to use different effect pedals with each other. They stick them to a flat surface to make a **pedalboard** that they can take with them.

## Examples of effects

File:Distortion effect.ogg|Distorted sound
File:Guitar Clean tremolo.ogg|Tremolo sound
File:Reverberation effect.ogg|Reverberation effect

## Sources 
## Other websites
* A page with photos that shows how to use a pedal
Turgay Yıldız

**Turgay Yıldız** (3 March 1965 - 22 July 2021) was a Turkish theatre actor, director, comedian, playwright and politician.

Yıldız was born in Ankara. He graduated from Ankara University Faculty of Language and History-Geography Department of Theatre in 1987. He worked as playwright, actor and director at theatres. He hosted television programs at TRT, Flash TV, Avrasya TV with his friend Bahadır Tokmak.

Yıldız was nominated by Democratic Left Party as candidate for Mayor of Çankaya, Ankara in 2009 local elections.

He was attending EC English language school in Los Angeles, pursuing his career as a scriptwriter for Turkish drama and political satire.

## References
Changmin

**Shim Changmin** (born 18 February 1988) is a Korean singer, songwriter, model and actor. He was the youngest member of the boy band TVXQ. He started with TVXQ in 2003.

Shim was born and grew up in Seoul, South Korea.

## References
The Ark

**The Ark** was a rock band from Rottne in Sweden, active between 1991 and 2011. Started up by vocalist and priest-son Ola Salo, the band participated at Eurovision Song Contest 2007 with the song *The Worrying Kind*.

## Discography
### Albums
*2000 – *We Are The Ark*
*2002 – *In Lust We Trust*
*2004 – *State of the Ark*
*2007 – *Prayer for the Weekend*
*2010 – *In Full Regalia*
*2011 – *Arkeology*

## References 
## Other websites
Funky Monkey Babys

were a Japanese band from Tokyo. The members were Funky Kato Monkichi and DJ Kemikaru. They first appeared in 2004. They broke up in June 2013.

## Famous songs 
*"Lovin' Life"
*"Sakura"
Itä-Häme (newspaper)

***Itä-Häme*** is a newspaper published in Heinola and neighbouring towns in Itä-Häme, Finland. It was established in 1927 in Sysmä.

## Other websites
* Itä-Häme
Division of Bonner

The **Division of Bonner** is an Australian Electoral Division in Queensland. It was created in 2004 and is named after Neville Bonner, the first Indigenous Australian elected to the Parliament of Australia. Bonner was a Queensland Liberal Senator. There are only three other divisions named for Aboriginal people, Bennelong in New South Wales, Blair in Queensland and Lingiari in the Northern Territory.

The Division of Bonner covers the eastern areas of Brisbane, including Chandler, Carindale, Manly, Mount Gravatt, Wishart and Wynnum.

## Members
## Election results
## References
## Other websites
* Division of Bonner (Qld) &mdash; Australian Electoral Commission
* Ross Vasta's website
MBLAQ

**MBLAQ** is a South Korean boy band. They have five members: Seungho, G.O., Joon, Thunder, and Mir. The letters MBLAQ is an initialism for **Music Boys Live in Absolute Quality**.

## Discography
### Korean discography
;Studio albums
* 2011 : *BLAQ Style*

;Repackaged albums
* 2011 : *BLAQ Style - 3D Edition*

;Extended plays
* 2009 : *Just BLAQ*
* 2010 : *Y*
* 2011 : *Mona Lisa*
* 2012: *100% Ver.*
* 2013: *Sexy Beat*

;Repackaged EP's
* 2012 : *BLAQ%Ver.*
* 2013 : *TBA*

;Digital Singles
* 2011:  *White Forever*
* 2011:  *You&I*

### Japanese discography
;Compilations
* 2012 : *BLAQ Memories*

;Singles
* 2011 : *Your Luv*
* 2011 : *Baby U!*
* 2013 : *Mona Lisa*

;DVDs
* 2011 : *Mona Lisa Style*
* 2012 : *This is War Music Story*
* 2012 : ''MBLAQ 'Men in MBLAQ' First Concert DVD*
* 2013 : *The BLAQ% Tour''
Harbin Z-9

The **Harbin Z-9** is a Chinese military helicopter. It is a variant of the French Aérospatiale SA-365 Dauphin 2. Some of them were built for foreign countries.

On the 6th August 2025, the Ghana Air Forces z9 helicopter crashed.  The aircraft, carrying eight people, including three crew members and five passengers, departed Accra at 09:12 GMT bound for Obuasi, but lost radar contact shortly afterward. 

The government subsequently confirmed the deaths of eight individuals in a military helicopter crash that occurred on Wednesday, August 6, in the Adansi Akrofuom District of the Ashanti Region.

Among the deceased are Ghana's Defence Minister, Dr. Edward Omane Boamah, and the Minister for Environment, Science and Technology, Murtala Mohammed.
Eurocopter AS-565 Panther

ian Army.]]
The **Eurocopter AS-565 Panther** is a military variant of the AS-365 Dauphin 2's helicopter. It is specially designed for naval missions. But some of them are used by army aviations, like in Brazil.

## Users 
**AS-565 Panther** are used in Angola, Brazil, Bulgaria, France, Israel, Mexico, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, and UAE.

## Bibliography 
* Jackson, Robert, *Helicopters: Military, Civilian, and Rescue Rotorcraft* (The Aviation Factfile).  London: Grange Books Ltd, 2005. .
* Gaillard, Pierre, ''Avions et hélicoptères militaires d'aujourd'hui* Paris, France : Larivière éditions, 1999.  .
* Frawley, Gerard, *The international directory of military aircraft 2002/2003'' .  London: Aerospace Publication, 2002. .
Eurocopter EC155

police]]
The **Eurocopter EC155** is the third generation of the Dauphin family of helicopters. Built by French and Germans, it is used both by civilian and military operators.
Lesbianism in erotica

**Lesbianism** has been performed in visual arts since the times of ancient Rome. For much of history of cinema and television, lesbianism was regarded as taboo. But since the 1960s, it has increasingly become a theme within its own right. It was first used in softcore movies and erotic thrillers during the 1980s. Acts of lovemaking between women first happened during several movies in the late 1960s: *The Killing of Sister George*, *Therese and Isabelle* and *The Fox*. Lesbian scenes during movies are always subject to controversy. Many people say that the MPAA has been harsh on movies with homosexual themes. One notable example of this regards the movie *When Night Is Falling*, which was given an NC-17. The movie, though, was released unrated.
List of Atlantic hurricanes in the 17th century

**Atlantic hurricane seasons**
Before 1600 **1600s** 1700s/10s 1720s/30s 1740s/50s 1760s 1770s 1780s 1790s

While information for every storm that happened is not available, some parts of the coastline had enough people to give info of hurricane happenings. Each season was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation in the Atlantic basin. Most tropical cyclone formation occurs between June 1 and November 30.

## 1600–1619 
## 1620–1639 
## 1640–1659 
## 1660–1679 
## 1680–1699 
## Related pages
* List of Atlantic hurricane seasons

## References
## Other websites
* The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492-1996
* Caribbean Genealogy - Resources - HurricaneTime Line 
* Virginia Hurricane History
* Hurricanes from Spanish documentary sources
* Hurricanes in Puerto Rico 1500-1899
Australian of the Year

The **Australian of the Year** is an award presented on Australia Day (26 January) every year to an important Australian. The awards began in 1960 and are supported by the Australian government and several major companies. The awards are given by the National Australia Day Council. Over the years it has grown to include the Young Australian of the Year and the Senior Australian of the Year. An award to honor people at a local community level has also been developed as the Australian Local Hero. The first Australian of the Year was Nobel Prize winner, Sir Macfarlane Burnet.

## Related pages
*List of Australian of the Year Award recipients

## References
Inflatable boat

An **inflatable boat** is a kind of boat which is made from rubber. It is filled with air. In some boats is possible to install outboard motor. Inflatable boats are usually made to fit into small places so they can be moved easily. Some inflatable boats are rigid. They have a hard floor, and the tubes of the walls are strong so they can be inflated to high pressure and become stiff.   

Vulcanization of rubber became commonplace in the 1840s and was used for inflatable objects including boats. British explorers in the Arctic used Peter Halkett's boats. Since then, they have been used for many purposes.   

## Notes
Mytäjäinen

**Mytäjäinen** may mean

*Mytäjäinen (Lahti), area in Lahti, Finland
*Mytäjäinen (pond), a pond in Lahti, Finland
The Killing of Sister George

***The Killing of Sister George*** is a 1964 stage play and 1968 erotic drama movie. The story shows lesbian romances. Sister George is a character in the radio series *Applehurst*. The movie of 1968 was rated X by the MPAA because of a graphic lesbian sex scene. It put a limit on movie screenings and its ability to advertise in mainstream newspapers. In the United Kingdom, there were censorship issues. The movie was only passed under an X-rating in the United Kingdom after a part about lesbian sex was removed.
Mytäjäinen (pond)

**Mytäjäinen** is a small pond in Lahti, Finland. Its maximum depth is  what is quite a lot because pond covers so small area. Some people swim there, including in winter time. The pond is near to *Radiomäki*, Lahti city.

## References
Patricia Rozema

**Patricia Rozema** (born August 20, 1958) is a Canadian movie director. She is known for directing LGBT movies. She directed ''I've Heard the Mermaids Singing* in 1987. She also directed *When Night is Falling'', which was released in autumn 1995 in the United States.

Rozema was born in Kingston, Ontario.
Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom

**Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom** became legal on 29 March 2014 due to the Marriage (Same Sex Couples) act of 2013. This act allows same-sex couples to marry in England and Wales. Scotland introduced same-sex marriage on 16 December 2014 for partners converting civil partnerships into marriage, but for other couples same-sex wedding ceremonies began on 31 December 2014. Northern Ireland, however, is a recent addition to the Legislation to allow same-sex marriage in Northern Ireland was passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom in July 2019 and took effect on 13 January 2020. The first same-sex marriage ceremony took place on 11 February 2020. Proposals to change that have failed. Civil partnerships began in 2005 across the UK, permitting benefits similar to marriage for same-sex couples.

## References
Vesijärvi

]]
 
**Vesijärvi** is a lake in Päijänne Tavastia, Finland. It covers about . It is next to Lahti, Asikkala and Hollola.

The water in Vesijärvi is clear. It contains many kinds of water plants.

Vesijärvi flows to Päijänne.

## Islands 
* Enonsaari
* Isosaari
* Kahvisaari
* Myllysaari
* Vasikkasaari
* Selkäsaari

## References
## Other websites
Emile Griffith

**Emile Alphonse Griffith** (February 3, 1938 &ndash; July 23, 2013) was an American boxer. He was the first person from the U.S. Virgin Islands ever to become a world champion in boxing. He was raised in New York City.

## Personal life
In 1971, two months after they met, Griffith married Mercedes (Sadie) Donastrog, who was then a member of the dance troupe "Prince Rupert and the Slave Girls." Griffith adopted Donastorg's daughter.

## Death
Griffith died on July 23, 2013 from complications of dementia in a hospital in Hempstead, New York, aged 75.

## References
## Other websites
*Ring Memorabilia 
*'Ring of Fire' Connects With True Story of A Fatal Blow Washington Post article April 20, 2005
Ebba Grön

**Ebba Grön** was a punk rock band from Rågsved in Sweden. It was active between 1977 and 1983. Vocalist and songwriter was Joakim Thåström*.

## Discography
### Albums
* *We're Only in It for the Drugs* (1979) No.&nbsp;21 (SWE)
* *Kärlek & uppror* (1981) No.&nbsp;5 (SWE)
* *Ebba Grön'' (1982) No.&nbsp;1 (SWE)
Casey Fossum

**Casey Paul Fossum** (born January 6, 1978) is an American former professional baseball player. He played for the Boston Red Sox (2001–2003), Arizona Diamondbacks (2004), Tampa Bay Devil Rays (2005–2007), Detroit Tigers (2008), and New York Mets (2009) of Major League Baseball. He batted and threw left-handed.

## References
Lowitja O'Donoghue

Dr. **Lowitja** "**Lois**" '''O'Donoghue''',  (1 August 1932 – 4 February 2024) is an Aboriginal Australian woman who worked as an administrator of several Commonwealth organisations. She was the founding chairperson of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC). She was named Australian of the Year in 1984.

## Personal life
Lowitja O'Donoghue was born at Granite Downs, a cattle station located on the Stuart Highway in northwest South Australia. Her father, Tom O'Donoghue, was a stockman of Irish descent. Her mother, Lily, was one of the native Yankunytjatjara people. Tom and Lily met while Tom was working at Everard Park, another cattle station on the traditional country of the Yankunytjatjara. The couple moved to Granite Downs, known as Indulkana to the Yankunytjatjara, in 1925. Lowitja was born here around 1 August 1932. She began learning there at the age of three.

Lowitja was two years old when she was removed from her mother. After she was removed, she did not see her mother again for 33 years. During that time, her mother did not know where her children had been taken. Despite this, Lowitja did not identify as a member of the Stolen Generations. She would later say that she preferred the word "removed" over "stolen" for her personal case. She has said she was happy living at Colebrooke and that she received a good education both there and at the Quorn Primary School. However, it is these sort of assimilation practises by the Churches that Lowitja and many others would eventually work to put an end to.

In 1944, Colebrook Home moved to Eden Hills in the south of Adelaide due to very bad water shortages. This allowed Lowitja to go to Unley High School, a local public school.

## Honours and awards
In 1976, O'Donoghue was the first Aboriginal woman to be inducted into the new Order of Australia. The award was in recognition of her work in welfare. She was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1983. She was named Australian of the Year in 1984, for her work to improve the welfare of indigenous Australians. She was made a Companion of the Order of Australia (AC) in 1999. O'Donoghue was inducted into the Olympic Order in 2000. She was made Dame of the Order of St Gregory the Great by Pope John Paul II in 2005.

O'Donoghue has received honorary doctorates from Murdoch University, the University of South Australia, the Australian National University, the Queensland University of Technology and Flinders University. She was made an honorary professorial fellow at Flinders University in 2000.

## Marriage and personal life
In 1979 she married Gordon Smart, a medical orderly at the Repatriation Hospital, whom she had first met in 1964. but they had no children together.

On 4 February 2024 her family announced in a statement she had died in Adelaide, South Australia. O'Donoghue was 91.

## Notes
## References
## Other websites
*Biography at Hawke Centre, University of South Australia 
*Lowitja O'Donoghue - The Stolen Generation 
*Citizen's Parliament website 
*Lowitja Institute
Livingston County, New York

**Livingston County** is in New York State. About 62,000 people live there, and it is part of the Rochester metropolitan area.

## References
## Other websites
*Tourism in Livingston
Marshall Field

**Marshall Field** (August 18, 1834 &ndash; January 16, 1906) was an American businessman. He was the founder of Marshall Field and Company, the Chicago-based department stores.

Field was born on August 18, 1834 in Conway, Franklin County, Massachusetts. He was married two times. Field had two children. He died on January 16, 1906 in New York City, New York from pneumonia, aged 71. He was buried in Graceland Cemetery in Uptown, Chicago.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* Wendt, Lloyd and Herman Kogan, (1952) *Give the Lady What She Wants! The Story of Marshall Field & Company*. New York: Rand McNally and Company
Ted Lange

**Theodore William "Ted" Lange** (born January 5, 1948) is an American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter. He is best known for his role as the bartender, Isaac Washington, in the 1970s TV series *The Love Boat*. 

Lange was born on January 5, 1948 in Oakland, California. He studied at the Royal Academy of the Dramatic Art. Lange has been married to Mary Ley since 2001.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Chris Froome

**Christopher Froome** (born 20 May 1985) is a British road racing cyclist. He was born in Nairobi, Kenya, into a British family. He moved to South Africa when he was 14. He lives in Monaco. He rides for Team Ineos. He won a bronze medal at the 2007 All-Africa Games in Algiers, competing for Kenya. He won a bronze medal in the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, competing for Great Britain. He came second in both the 2011 Vuelta a España and the 2012 Tour de France. He won the Tour de France in 2013, 2015, 2016 and 2017. 

## References
CNBLUE

**CNBLUE** is a South Korean rock band formed in Seoul in 2009. There are three members: Jung Yong-hwa (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Lee Jong-hyun (lead guitar, vocals), Lee Jung Shin (bass guitar, vocals) and Kang Min-hyuk (drums, vocals).

They have toured in South Korea and Japan.

## Other websites 
* CNBLUE official website
New South Wales Legislative Assembly

The **New South Wales Legislative Assembly** is the lower house of the parliament of New South Wales in Australia. The upper house is the Legislative Council. Both sit at Parliament House in the state capital, Sydney. The Assembly has 93 members, each elected to a single-member constituency, known as seats. Voting is by the optional preferential system.

Members of the Legislative Assembly have the acronym MP after their names.Until 1990, the acronym "MLA" (Member of the Legislative Assembly) was used.

## Notes
## References
Ryo Nishikido

is a Japanese actor and singer. He is a member of the boy band Kanjani∞, which is managed by Johnny & Associates. He was also a member of the boy band NEWS.

Nishikido was born in Osaka on 3 November 1984. He started as an actor and a singer in 2004. In 2006, Nishikido held his first concert as a solo artist. He also acts in television dramas. His friends are Tomohisa Yamashita, Jin Akanishi and Yu Shirota. They are also actors.

## Dramas 
## References
Kazuchika Okada

**Kazuchika Okada** (born November 8, 1987) is a Japanese professional wrestler who is currently working for All Elite Wrestling (AEW). 

He is also known for his time in New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW). In New Japan, Okada was a five-time IWGP Heavyweight Champion.

## Career
He was trained by Último Dragón at Toryumon professional wrestling school and made his debut on August 29, 2004, against Negro Navarro. He competed in New Japan Pro Wrestling from August 26, 2007 to January 31, 2010. NJPW sent him to Total Nonstop Action Wrestling for a developmental tour in 2010.

He debuted for TNA on February 16, 2010 where he lost to Alex Shelley in a dark match. He competed for TNA from 2010 to 2011 and left to return to NJPW.

On February 12, 2012 at The New Beginning, he defeated Hiroshi Tanahashi to win the IWGP Heavyweight Championship for the first time in his career. He won the IWGP Heavyweight Championship a second time on April 7, 2013 at Invasion Attack defeating Tanahashi.

## Championships
***New Japan Pro Wrestling**
**IWGP Heavyweight Championship (five times)
**G1 Climax (2012, 2014)
**New Japan Cup (2013)
***Pro Wrestling Illustrated**
**He was ranked **#5** of the top 500 singles wrestlers by the PWI in the PWI 500 in 2013.
***Tokyo Sports Grand Prix**
**Best Bout Award (2012) (vs. Hiroshi Tanahashi on June 16)
**MVP Award (2012–2013)
***Toryumon Mexico**
**Young Dragons Cup (2005)
***Wrestling Observer Newsletter**
**5 Star Match (2013) (vs. Hiroshi Tanahashi on April 7)
**5 Star Match (2013) (vs. Hiroshi Tanahashi on October 14)
**Best Wrestling Maneuver (2012–2013) (Rainmaker)
**Feud of the Year (2012–2013) (vs. Hiroshi Tanahashi)
**Match of the Year (2013) (vs. Hiroshi Tanahashi on April 7)
**Most Improved (2012)

## References 
## Other websites
*Kazuchika Okada on New Japan Pro Wrestling
*
Flash animation

A **Flash animation** or **Flash cartoon** is an animated video that is created by Adobe Flash or a similar animation software. The video is usually distributed in the .swf file format. They are often distributed on the World Wide Web, in which case they are often referred to as **Internet cartoons**, **online cartoons**, or **webtoons**.

## Related pages
* Cutout animation
* Webcomic
* Video sharing

## Other websites
*