open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Walter Pukutiwara

**Walter Pukutiwara** (c. 1930 &ndash; 10 November 2004) was an Aboriginal artist from central Australia. He crafted traditional tools, such as spears and spear-throwers, and wooden sculptures, known in Western Desert languages as '**. He made these by carving the wood and then engraving patterns (**') into its surface with a burning wire. This technique is called pokerwork. The patterns engraved into the objects depict '''', spiritual stories about creation ancestors from the Dreamtime. The National Museum of Australia contains many examples of Walter's works.

Walter was born just south of Uluṟu, some time around 1930. The place where he was born is associated with the , and so the '** (brushtail possum) is his personal totem. Walter grew up living a traditional way of life in the bush with his family. When he was a young man, he went to live at the mission in Ernabella, South Australia. He worked there with sheep, as a shepherd and shearer. He got married to Topsy Tjulyata, and the couple moved to Amaṯa. During the 1980s, Walter served as the Pitjantjatjara representative on the Aboriginal Arts Board (AAB). He lobbied the board for money to support art and crafts in Amaṯa. As a result, the craft centre at Amaṯa was established in February 1981.

Later in 1981, Walter and Topsy went to Uluṟu and set up a tent at the base of Uluṟu. From there they sold their **' works to tourists for over two weeks. They did this trip with other artists from Amaṯa, including Tony Tjamiwa and Pulya Taylor, and their friends Peter Yates and Patricia D'Arango. In 1983, this group travelled around to artist communities in the Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands. This was to discuss the idea of setting up a new craft centre at Uluṟu that would sell artworks from around the region to tourists. The couple moved to Muṯitjulu so that they could help set up Maṟuku Arts, in 1984. Water and Topsy were some of the first artists for the centre. Walter served on the organisation's Governing Committee for 20 years, including as chairman many times.

From 1976 to 1978, Walter also served as a member of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Arts Board. In the early 1990s, he helped to set up Aṉangu Tours, the main tour operator in Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park. His daughter, Rene Kulitja, and son-in-law, Richard Kulitja, took over the company when Walter retired. Walter died on 10 November 2004, in Alice Springs.

## References
:*This article includes text from the Powerhouse Museum, Australia , which has been licensed under CC-BY-SA.*

## Other websites
*Topsy Tjulyata Taylor at *Prints and Printmaking*
Chucky (Child's Play)

in 2007.]]
**Chucky**, originally known as **Charles Lee Ray**, is a fictional character and the main antagonist of the ''Child's Play,'' an American horror comedy movie franchise centered on a series of seven movies created by Don Mancini.

The character is depicted as an evil psychopathic doll (voiced by Brad Dourif), a serial killer named Charles Lee "Chucky" Ray, known as the "Lakeshore Strangler", whose soul is transferred inside a "Good Guy doll" toy following a voodoo ritual in order to avoid going to Hell. In the 2019 reboot, Chucky (voiced by Mark Hamill) is an AI doll, gone out of control, and determined to kill people.

Despite being inside the body of a doll, Chucky can feel pain and can  when injured, and has a large scar with stitches on his face. He used many weapons including guns, but mostly an axe or a knife to kill people. He has also killed a person with a voodoo ritual. He appeared in 8 movies. He has a wife, Tiffany Valentine (also a killer doll) and one daughter/son who has mental issues (also a doll).

## Movies
Chucky has made appearances in all the child's play films as listed here.

* ''Child's Play* (1988)
* *Child's Play 2* (1990)
* *Child's Play 3* (1991)
* *Bride of Chucky* (1998)
* *Seed of Chucky* (2004)
* *Curse of Chucky* (2013)
* *Cult of Chucky* (2017)
* *Child's Play* (2019) *(reboot)''
Elytra

(maybug) are readily distinguished from the transparent hindwings.]]
, elytra held high above the wings]]

**Elytra**  are the modified, hardened front wings of beetles and some bugs (Heteroptera). In most true bugs, the forewings are called **hemelytra**, as only the basal half is thickened while the apex is membranous. 

## Description
The elytra act as protective wing-cases for the hind wings underneath, which are used for flying. To fly, a beetle opens the elytra and then extends the hindwings, flying while still holding the elytra open, though some beetles in the families Scarabaeidae and Buprestidae can fly with the elytra closed.

In some groups, the elytra are fused together, and the insect is flightless. Some of the ground beetles (family Carabidae) are a good example of this. 

## References
Brian Griffin

**Brian Griffin** is one of the main characters in the American animated TV sitcom, *Family Guy*.

He is at least a 10-year-old pet dog of the Griffin family. He shows many human behaviours (he can walk upright, drink, smoke, and speak English) but he still shows many behaviours associated with dogs, such as fetching a ball, fearing the vacuum cleaner and barking at squirrels.

It is hinted that Lois and Brian were married for a length of time.

He is the only *Family Guy* character to have appeared in every episode of the series.
## Death
In the 12th season episode, "Life of Brian", he gets hit by a car and dies later at the veterinarian. Before he dies, he thanked the Griffins for giving him a wonderful life and that he loves them all. He was soon brought back to life in the Christmas special "Christmas Guy".

## References
Gina

**Gina** [ **jee**-n*uh* ] is a female name with Italian origin. Gina is a well-liked name for newborn girls with a fascinating history and significance. This name originated from Italy and is a diminutive form of Regina, which translates to "queen" in Latin. Additionally, Gina is a truncation of Georgina, which means "farmer" in Greek. This name is very popular for girls in several countries. Celebrities with the name include Gina Gershon and Gina Lollobrigida.

## People 
* Gina Gershon, American actress
* Gina Haspel, American intelligence officer
* Gina Lollobrigida, Italian actress, photojournalist, and politician

* Gina Obedapo Iyashere, British comedian
* Gina Rodriguez, American actress
* Gina Torres, American actress

## References
Mayra Arduini

**Mayra de Grammont Arduini** (born October 4, 1993) is a Brazilian singer and songwriter. Mayra gained prominence as a member of the band College 11 and for her performances in Disney Channel series such as *Que Talento!* and *Violetta*. 

## References
## Other websites
*www.college11.com
Gina Lollobrigida

**Gina Lollobrigida** was an Italian actress. She was very popular in the 1950s and 1960s. She mostly acted in Italian movies. She received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the National Italian American Foundation in 2008.

In the mid-1980s, she starred in the television series *Falcon Crest*. The role was first offered to Sophia Loren, who turned it down. A rivalry with Loren was often reported in the press. Lollobrigida said in a 2015 interview that "Loren and her press agent started this 'rivalry'" and that Lollobrigida was bored of it.

In 2013, Lollobrigida sold her jewelry collection through Sotheby's. She donated the nearly $5 million to benefit stem cell therapy.

Lollobrigida died in Rome on January 16, 2023 at the age of 95.

## Awards and nominations
Lollobrigida won three David di Donatello, two Nastro d'Argento and six Bambi Awards. She was nominated three times for the Golden Globe and won one in 1961 as *World Film Favourite – Female*. She was nominated once for a BAFTA.

In 1985, she was nominated as an officier of Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by Jack Lang because of her achievements in photography and sculpture.

She was awarded the Légion d'honneur by then French president François Mitterrand.

On 16 October 1999, Gina Lollobrigida was nominated Goodwill Ambassador of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).

## References
## Other websites 
*
Trope

**Trope** is a term for a figure of speech.  The term has evolved to identify an overused theme or device.  A trope may mean a convention, a plot trick, a setup, a narrative structure and a character type all at the same time.

## List of types
In rhetoric, there are many types of tropes.
:*This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.*
* Allegory 
* Antithesis
* Hyperbole
* Irony 
* Metaphor 
* Metonymy 
* Oxymoron
* Synecdoche

## References
## Other websites
* "Tropes" at Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Kasabian

**Kasabian** are British rock band. It was formed by Tom Meighan (singer), Sergio Pizzorno (backing vocal and guitar), bassist Chris Edwards and guitarist Chris Karloff in 1997. Then it was called Saracuse. Ian Matthews and Jay Mehler joined the band after the departure of Chris Karloff in 2006. Jay joined Liam Gallagher's band Beady Eye in 2013 and was replaced by Tim Carter. They have recorded 8 albums, *Kasabian*, *Empire*, *West Ryder Pauper Lunatic Asylum,* *Velociraptor!*, *48:13, For Crying Out Loud, The Alchemist’s Euphoria,* and *Happenings.*

## Discography
### Albums
**Kasabian* (2004)
**Empire* (2006)
**West Ryder Pauper Lunatic Asylum* (2009)
**Velociraptor!* (2011)
**48:13* (2014)
* *For Crying Out Loud* (2017)
* ''The Alchemist's Euphoria* (2022)
* *Happenings'' (2024)

## Other websites
*

## References
Leaving group

In chemistry, a **leaving group** is an atom or molecule that leaves another molecule during a reaction. This reaction can be for example a nucleophilic substitution. In this case the leaving group gets a pair of electrons. Some leaving groups are better than others. This is because some atoms or molecules like getting extra electrons. The halides are a good example of good leaving groups.

.]]

The type of leaving group can change the type of reaction that happens. For example, bad leaving groups make an SN1 reaction more difficult, while they make an SN2 reaction easier.
Geraldine Fitzgerald

**Geraldine Fitzgerald** (November 24, 1913 around Dublin, Ireland-July 17, 2005 near New York City) was an Irish-American actress who acted in many movies and television programs. She starred in critically acclaimed movies like *Wuthering Heights* and *Dark Victory*; she also performed on television series, such as *Cagney & Lacey*. Fitzgerald died due to Alzheimer's in New York.

## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* Portrait of Geraldine Fitzgerald c. 1936  by George Hurrell.
* Portrait of Geraldine Fitzgerald c. 1939  by George Hurrell.
* Independent's obituary 
* CNN.com 'Wuthering' actress Fitzgerald dead 
*
Anita Barone

**Anita Louise Barone** (born September 25, 1964) is an American actress. She is best known for her role of *Georgia Jones* in the Disney Channel TV series *Shake It Up*.

## Filmography 
### Movies 
**The Rosary Murders* (1987)
**Ricohet* (1991)
**The Takeover* (1995)
**Just Friends* (1996)
**Running Time* (1997)
**Just Write* (1997)
**Dream With the Fishes* (1997)
*''Santa's Little Helper* (1999)
**The Sex Monster* (1999)
**Buttleman* (2002)
**One Last Ride* (2003)

### TV 
**Friends* (1994)
* *The Jeff Foxworthy Show* (1995-2006)
* *Daddio* (2000-2002)
**The War at Home* (2005-2008)
**Shake It Up'' (2010-presente)

## Other websites 
*
Sigma bond

A **sigma bond** (**σ bond**) is a type of chemical bond. It is the strongest one of the covalent type. In a sigma bond, the atomic orbitals from two atoms which are nearby go one on top of each other. This is different from a pi bond where they touch sideways. This is why a sigma bond is stronger. Sigma bonds can involve s, p, d or f orbitals. They must however be of the right symmetry to be able to form the bond.

Since the σ bond is strong, the bonding orbital is low in energy. This also means that the antibonding orbital σ* is high in energy.

## References
Diet of Japan

]]

 is the national bicameral legislature of Japan. The National Diet Building is in Nagatachō, Chiyoda, Tokyo.

It is made up of the House of Representatives (lower house) and the House of Councillors (upper house).  The members of both houses of the Diet are directly elected. The Diet selects the Prime Minister. 

## History
The Diet was first convened as the Imperial Diet in 1889.

## Gallery

File:The Diet.jpg|Joint session of the Diet of Japan
File:Japanese Houses of Parliament, 1905.jpg|Buildings housing the Diet in 1905.

## Related pages
* Bicameralism
* History of Japan
* National Diet Library
* Parliamentary system

## References
## Other websites
* National Diet Library website
Lena Dunham

**Lena Dunham** (born May 13, 1986, New York City) is an American actress. She works mainly in television programs. She created and stars in the television series *Girls*. She has won several Golden Globe Awards for this.

## Personal life
Dunham studied creative writing at Oberlin College. She often talks about this in her work. In 2012, Dunham she started dating Jack Antonoff. She is a feminist.

## References
Archedictyon

**Archedictyon**  (plural = archedictya) is the name of a hypothetical scheme of wing venation of the common ancestor of all winged insects.

## Description
The nature of the archedictyon is an important in the taxonomic classification of the large, primitive Palaeozoic insects known as Palaeodictyoptera. It was used for this purpose as early as 1854. A National Museum of Natural History database for the study of ants, wasps, bees and termites describes the archedictyon as:
...the primitive original vein network [of] the wings of many of the most ancient insect fossils; the complex network of irregular veinlets between the veins in the outer [three-quarters] of both wings, including the anal lobe.

According to a 1999 paper on the evolution of flght in Palaeoptera the cross veins of some Palaeodictyoptera may be an adaptive feature.

## Structure
The archedictyon is believed to have contained between six and eight longitudinal veins, but current understanding of the design is based on a combination of fossil data and speculation.

The "Comstock-Needham system" designed by two entomologists describes these veins and their branches:

Crossveins are named based on their relative position to the more prominent longitudinal veins:

:*C-SC crossveins run between the costa and subcosta
:*R crossveins run between adjacent branches of the radius
:*R-M crossveins run between the radius and media
:*M-CU crossveins run between the media and cubitus. from New Zealand.

The term is also used in the discussion of phasmids. Then it refers to a network of non-directional veins in the costal region of the wing or in the elytron.

## Bibliography
* "An enigmatic Palaeozoic stem-group: Paoliida: designation of new taxa from the Upper Carboniferous of the Czech Republic"  (pdf file)

## References
Jillian Murray

**Jillian Leigh Murray** (born June 4, 1984 in Reading, Pennsylvania) is an American actress. She acts in independent movies. She acted as Heather in *An American Carol*. *Big Time Rush* *Big Time Movie* She also starred in other movies. *Awkward. (2011 TV Series) With Perception* *Glee* and *One Direction: This Is Us 3D.* *Mass Effect Cabin Fever: Patient Zero Forget Me Not Mantervention Murder in the First Code Black A High School Rockstar/Austin & Ally Wild Things: Foursome (2010 film) with Marnette Patterson, Ashley Parker Angel Jessie Nickson & Never Back Down 2: The BeatDown (2011) Jeanine Hill Gabrielle Shuff Blaire Noonan Michael Jai White Stacey Asaro Laura Cayouette Chasidy Morris Alex Meraz Dean Geyer With Todd Duffee Scottie Epstein & Evan Peters. and Never Back Down: No Surrender (2016)*

## References
ESPY Sports Awards Benchwarmer and Teen Choice Awards on set Jillian Murray Leigh
Gorton's of Gloucester

'''Gorton's of Gloucester''' is a company that makes fishsticks and other frozen seafood in the United States. It has been based in Gloucester, Massachusetts, since 1849.
Leatherface

**Leatherface** is a fictional character in *The Texas Chainsaw Massacre* movie series. He appeared in all seven movies and is often portrayed as either the main or secondary antagonist or sometimes even the tragic villain protagonist. He is a mentally disturbed serial killer, who uses a chainsaw to attack and murder his victims somewhere in his ranch in Texas. He wears a mask made out from human skin and usually eats the remains. Because he wears the skin mask he is called Leatherface. He was played by Icelandic-born American actor Gunnar Hansen. He has appeared as a guest fighter in *Mortal Kombat X* alongside Jason Voorhees, The Predator, and The Alien. He was inspired by murderer Ed Gein.

## References
Bradley Raymond

**Bradley Raymond** is an American film director.  He has directed different movies including *Pocahontas II: Journey to a New World*, *The Lion King 1½* and *Tinker Bell*.

## Filmography 
### Storyboard
* *Thumbelina* (1994)
* *A Troll in Central Park* (1994)
### Animators
* ''Cats Don't Dance* (1997)
### Directors
* *Pocahontas II: Journey to a New World* (1998)
* *Mickey's Once Upon a Christmas* (1999) (segment "Donald Duck: Stuck on Christmas")
* *The Hunchback of Notre Dame II* (2002)
* *The Lion King 1½* (2004)
* *Tinker Bell* (2008)
* *Tinker Bell and the Great Fairy Rescue* (2010)
* *Pixie Hollow Games'' (2011) (TV movie)

## Other websites 
*
Mothra

**Mothra** is a *kaiju*, a type of fictional monster who first appeared in the book series *The Luminous Fairies and Mothra* by Takehiko Fukunaga, Shinichiro Nakamura, and Yoshie Hotta. The first movie she appeared in was *Mothra*.

## Movie appearances 
* *Mothra* (1961)
* *Mothra vs. Godzilla* (1964)
* *Ghidorah, the Three-Headed Monster* (1964)
* *Godzilla vs. the Sea Monster* (1966)
* *Destroy All Monsters* (1968)
* *Godzilla vs. Gigan* (1972) (stock footage)
* *Godzilla vs. Mothra* (1992)
* *Monster Planet Of Godzilla* (1994)
* *Godzilla vs. Space Godzilla* (1994; also as "Fairy Mothra")
* *Rebirth of Mothra* (1996; also as "Mothra Leo")
* *Godzilla Island* (1997)
* *Rebirth of Mothra II* (1997; as "Mothra Leo", "Rainbow Mothra", and "Aqua Mothra")
* *Rebirth of Mothra III* (1998; as "Rainbow Mothra", "Light Speed Mothra", "Armor Mothra", and "Eternal Mothra")
* *Godzilla, Mothra and King Ghidorah: Giant Monsters All-Out Attack* (2001)
* *Godzilla Against Mechagodzilla* (2002) (stock footage)
* *Godzilla: Tokyo S.O.S.* (2003)
* *Godzilla: Final Wars* (2004)
* *Godzilla: King of the Monsters* (2019)
* *Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire* (2024)
Michael Myers (Halloween)

**Michael Myers** is an American fictional character from the *Halloween movie series*. He first appeared in John Carpenter's *Halloween*. Myers only kills on Halloween day in Haddonfield, Illinois.

He first killed his sister on Halloween night of 1963 and since then he was searching to kill his last living family member, Cynthia "Laurie Strode" Myers. He was sent to a mental hospital, but during his transportation to another mental hospital, he escaped when the truck was attacked. After *Halloween III: Season of the Witch* (Which was the only movie he did not appear) he was searching to kill Laurie's daughter.

When the franchise was rebooted with the 2018 movie *Halloween*, Michael and Laurie are not siblings. After forty years at Smith's Grove Sanitarium, he escapes again and returns to Haddonfield for another killing spree. He again finds Laurie, who has been living in fear of his return.

His psychiatrist, Dr. Samuel Loomis is trying to save Michael's victims and stop Michael from killing. Myers appeared in 9 *Halloween* movies. He was played by many different actors throughout the series.

His mask was originally a James T. Kirk mask that was painted white with its eyeholes enlarged, eyebrows and sideburns removed and the hair was darkened. An Emmett Kelly clown mask was also considered.

## References
## Other websites
* Halloween: Nightdance  scribe Stefan Hutchinson interviewed at ComiXology.com
* Official site of the *Halloween* series
Elizabeth Montgomery

**Elizabeth Victoria Montgomery** (April 15, 1933—May 18, 1995) was an American actress . She acted in movies and television programs. Her father was actor Robert Montgomery. She starred as Samantha Stephens in the sitcom *Bewitched*. She played Lizzie Borden in *The Legend of Lizzie Borden*. She had other roles besides these.

Montgomery was born in Los Angeles. She died from colorectal cancer in Beverly Hills, California.

## Other websites
Elizabeth

The name **Elizabeth** is a female given name. It is pronounced [ ih-**liz**-*uh*-b*uh*th ] . Elizabeth  can be traced back to the Greek designation, Elisabet, a variation of the Hebrew theonym, Elisheva, signifying "God is my oath". This name was ranked #14 on the US Popular Names in 2021. There are many variants of it worldwide. It was the 10th most popular in the United States, and among the top 50 in England and Wales. 

## People 
Famous people with the name include Elizabeth Taylor, Queen Elizabeth II and Elizabeth Arden.

In the New Testament, Elizabeth is the mother of John the Baptist and the wife of Zechariah. (Gospel of Luke chapter 1)

Elizabeth can be spelt Elisabeth, and can be shortened to Liz, Lizzie, Lisette, Lilly, Libby, Eliza, Beth and Lisa.

* Elizabeth Olsen, American actress
* Elizabeth Hurley, English actress and model (born 1965)

## References
Josephine

The name **Josephine** [ **joh**-z*uh*-feen, -s*uh*- ] is a female given name. Josephine is a timeless name that has been well-liked for hundreds of years. It is the feminine version of the name Joseph and has a meaning of "God will increase" or "may Jehovah add/give increase." There are many variants. The name is a female version of *Joseph* (which is a Hebrew version of Yosef). There are many celebrities with the name Josephine and related forms, although the name is only marginally popular in the United States.

## People 
* Josephine Baker, American-born French dancer, singer and actress (1906–1975)
* Josephine Butlerm, British feminist and social reformer fighting to end child prostitution
* Josephine Hull, American stage and film actress (1877-1957)

## References
Googly

In cricket, a **googly** is a type of way the ball is bowled. A googly is bowled by a right-arm leg spin bowler. It is occasionally called a **Bosie** (or **Bosey**) after its inventor Bernard Bosanquet.

## References
Butterfly McQueen

**Thelma "Butterfly" McQueen** (January 7, 1911 &ndash; December 22, 1995) was an American actress. She was originally a dancer. McQueen first appeared on screen in 1939, as "Prissy", Scarlett O'Hara's maid in the movie *Gone with the Wind*. She continued as an actress in movies through the 1940s, then moving to television acting in the 1950s.

## Early life
Butterfly was born **Thelma McQueen** in Tampa, Florida. She was planning to become a nurse until a high-school teacher suggested that she try acting.  McQueen studied with Janet Collins and went on to dance with the Venezuela Jones Negro Youth Group.  Around this time she received the nickname "Butterfly" because of her constantly moving hands in the Butterfly Ballet in a production of ''A Midsummer Night's Dream''. She had always hated her birth name, and later legally changed her name to Butterfly McQueen. She performed with the dance troupe of Katherine Dunham. She made her professional debut in George Abbott's *Brown Sugar*.

## Career
McQueen's first on-screen credited role was "Prissy", the young maid in *Gone with the Wind*. McQueen did not enjoy playing the part and felt it was  to African Americans.

She also played a small part as a sales assistant in *The Women* (1939). She also played "Butterfly", Rochester's niece and Mary Livingstone's maid in the Jack Benny radio program, for a time during World War II. She appeared in a small role in *Mildred Pierce* (1945) and played a supporting role in *Duel in the Sun* (1946). By 1947, she had grown tired of the ethnic stereotypes she was required to play. She then ended her movie career.

From 1950 until 1952 she played "Oriole", another racially stereotyped role, on the television series *Beulah*. In a lighter moment, she appeared in an episode of *The Dating Game* in 1969.

Offers for acting roles began to decline around this time, and she devoted herself to other pursuits including political study; she received a bachelor's degree in political science from City College of New York in 1975. In 1979 McQueen won a Daytime Emmy Award for her performance as Aunt Thelma, a fairy godmother in the *ABC Afterschool Special* episode "The Seven Wishes of Joanna Peabody." She had one more role of substance in the 1986 movie *The Mosquito Coast*.

## Personal life
McQueen never married or had any children. She lived in New York in the summer months and in Augusta, Georgia during the winter.

In July 1983, a jury awarded McQueen US$60,000 in a judgment stemming from a lawsuit she filed against two bus-terminal security guards. McQueen sued for harassment after she claimed the security guards accused her of being a pickpocket and a  while she was at a bus terminal in April 1979.

## Death
McQueen died at age 84 on December 22, 1995 at Augusta Regional Medical Center in Augusta. She died from burns she had gotten when a kerosene heater she tried to light malfunctioned and burst into flames.

A lifelong atheist, she donated her body to medical science and remembered the Freedom From Religion Foundation in her will.

## Filmography
## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* Butterfly McQueen
Richard G. Morris

**Richard Graham Michael Morris** (born 1948) is a British neuroscientist. He is known for developing the Morris water navigation task. This is one of the most-widely used learning tests for rodents. He is also known for investigating how the hippocampus works. He is the director of the Centre for Cognitive and Neural Systems (Edinburgh) He is also the Wolfson Professor of Neuroscience at the University of Edinburgh. He became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1997. Morris was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 2007.

## References
## Other websites
*
Angkuna Kulyuru

**Angkuna Kulyuru** is an Aboriginal Australian artist. She is perhaps best known for her batik and printing works. She also does weaving, basketry, and carved wooden sculptures (''''). Her batik designs display the fluid, abstract style that is distinctive to Ernabella Arts. There is no specific meanings to her designs, but they are inspired by the natural environment.

Kulyuru was born in 1943, at Wamitjara, a  near Kenmore Park (now Yunyarinyi). This is in the far north of South Australia, near the border with the Northern Territory. Her family are Pitjantjatjara. They lived a traditional life in the bush, but settled at Ernabella soon after Kulyuru was born. When she grew up, Kulyuru started work in the community's craft centre after originally working at the school. She began learning batik methods in the 1970s, and became one of Ernabella Arts' most prolific and well-known batik artists. Kulyuru has nine children. Five of Angkuna's daughters have also become artists: Unurupa (born 1962), Amanda (1964), Karen (1969), Daisybell (1972) and Tjulyata (1978).

Kulyuru's works have been shown in many exhibitions since the 1980s. One of her early batik works was chosen as a finalist for the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Art Award in 1987. It was bought by the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory. Other examples of her work are held in the National Gallery of Victoria, the National Gallery of Australia, and the National Museum of Australia. An example of one of her weaving work, a jug made out of palm leaves, is in the British Museum.

## References
## Other websites
*Angkuna Kulyuru at *Prints and Printmaking*
Brittany (name)

The name **Brittany** [Britt-Any; Brett-knee; Birttany, Bertney, Barley] is a female name of French and Latin origins. It came from Brittany, a region of France. Brittany is a Celtic name that originates from the ancient region of Britain. This feminine name signifies "from Britain" or "from the land of the Britons". It is widely used in the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. This name was first used in America in the very early 1970s. It was used the most during the 1990s.This name was ranked #934 on the US Popular Names in 2021. 

The name comes from the word *Britannia*, a 2nd-century Roman goddess.

## People
* Brittany Bock, American soccer player
* Brittany Barley; USA Army Commercial, KnarleyBarley
* Brittany Byrnes, actress
* Brittany Curran, actress
* Brittany Daniel, actress
* Brittany Finamore, actress
* Brittney Griner (born 1990), American basketball player
* Brittany Hensel, sister to Abigail Hensel; the two are dicephalic conjoined twins
* Brittany Jackson, basketball player
* Brittany Lincicome (born 1985), American golfer
* Brittany McConnell, child actress
* Brittany Murphy (1977–2009), American actress
* Brittany Perrineau, actress and former model
* Brittany Petros, actress
* Brittany Snow, actress
* Brittany Timko, Canadian soccer player
* Brittany Tiplady, actress
* Brittany Underwood, actress
* Brittany Allen , Canadian actress
* Brittany Furlan, American comedian

## Animals
* Brittany spaniel, a breed of dog
* French Brittany (dog)

## References
Steven Moffat

**Steven William Moffat**  (; born 18 November 1961) is a Scottish television writer and producer. He is the writer and director of *Doctor Who (2011–2017, 2023–),* Moffat is also the director, creator, and show runner of Sherlock. He has written three series for both of his projects. He created several iconic monsters, including the Weeping Angels. He has won four BAFTA Awards. A

## References 
## Other websites
*
Brittany Daniel

**Brittany Ann Daniel** (born March 17, 1976) is an American actress and model. She works mostly in television programs. She and her twin sister Cynthia performed in many venues using the "twin gimmick." She played Jessica Wakefield in the teen sit-com *Sweet Valley High*. When she Sweet Valley program ended, Cynthia decided to leave acting in favor of a career as a photographer and Brittany decide to keep right on acting. She played Kelly Pitts in comedy-drama television series *The Game*. 

Brittany Daniel was born in Gainesville, Florida.

## References
Satanic leaf-tailed gecko

The **Satanic Leaf Tailed Gecko** (*Uroplatus phantasticus*), is a species of gecko. It is only native to the island of Madagascar. It was first described in 1888 by George Albert Boulenger.

They look a lot like a dead leaf. Its veins are showing and look just like the veins on a leaf. Its tail looks like it has been rotted or nibbled by insects. They are mostly mottled brown. They have small brown dots on their underside, which helps people tell them apart from other species. It may also be known as the **eyelash leaf tailed gecko** or the **fantastic leaf tailed gecko**.

## Area
Satanic leaf-tailed geckos are native to the central and northern tropical forests of Madagascar. They climb on the trees and bushes. Satanic leaf-tailed geckos are found only in the mountainous rainforests in the southern two-thirds of Madagascar. They are found at the base of trees distinguishing itself as leaf litter. 

## Size and weight
They weigh about 10 to 30 grams. Adults are normally about 3-6 centimeters long including their tail, but sometimes they can be up to 9 centimeters long.

## Diet
The geckos eat different kinds of insects, flies, worms, and spiders. They can eat large insects because of their big mouth.

## References
Emily Watson

**Emily Margaret Watson** OBE (born 14 January 1967) is an English actress. She was born in Islington, London. She acted in *Breaking the Waves*, *Hilary and Jackie*, *Cradle will Rock* and ''Angela's Ashes* and *Oranges and Sunshine*. Her television roles include the title character in *Appropriate Adult'', for which she won a BAFTA Award.

## Other websites 
*
Northern pygmy owl

The **Northern pygmy owl** (*Glaucidium gnoma*) is a small owl native to North and Central America.

## Description
The Northern pygmy owl is small and has a long tail. It has shiny yellow eyes, yellow feet, and small tuffs of fur with its ears. Its feathers are a reddish brown speckled with white. Like all of the members of its family, it has fake eye spots that are black and outlined in white on the back of its neck. The Northern Pygmy Owl's stomach is white with black stripes. The Northern Pygmy Owl tends to perch in a diagonal position rather than an upright position.

## Breeding
Northern pygmy owls nest and breed in evergreen-filled forests and woodlands with variety. They normally mate in spring. They prefer to live in tree cavities or old woodpeckers' holes. They do not add anything to their nest. The mothers keep three or four eggs warm. But she waits for all of the eggs to be laid before she starts incubating. That is an inimitable trait of northern American owls. While the female owl takes care of the eggs, the male consistently brings food for them. After the eggs hatch, the mother takes care of them for about one week. The baby owls will gain the ability to fly in about twenty-seven to twenty-eight days.

## Habitat
Northern pygmy owls are widespread across North America. They usually live in the scattered areas with less trees, rather than large parts of land with lots of unbroken trees. Northern pygmy owls are most active during the dawn or the dusk. Northern pygmy owls can also be seen in the daytime, when the weather is overcast. They like to perch on conifer or small trees, or in a snag. When they perch, they bob their head up and down, and flick their tails, and hold their tails to one side.

## Diet
One third of the pygmy owls' diet are rodents, large insects, and small birds. Northern pygmy owls are very aggressive hunters, so fast that they can catch their prey in flight.

## References 
*NeotropicalBirds. The Cornell Lab of Ornithology, n.d. Web. 8 Nov. 2012.
*Bird Web . Seattle Audubon Society, n.d. Web. 15 Nov. 2012.
*Crane, S. 2002. "Sciurus griseus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 13, 2012.
Maureen O'Sullivan

'''Maureen Paula O'Sullivan'* (17 May 1911 &ndash; 23 June 1998) was an Irish actress best known for playing Jane in the *Tarzan'' series of films starring Johnny Weissmüller.

## Early life
O'Sullivan was born in Boyle, County Roscommon, Ireland in 1911. She is the daughter of Mary Lovatt (née Fraser) and Charles Joseph O'Sullivan, an officer in the Connaught Rangers who served in World War I. Aside from Irish, she had some English and Scottish ancestry.

## Acting career
She acted in movies which were mostly released prior to 1984. She also performed in stage shows.

## Personal life
She was the mother of seven children. Stephanie and Mia Farrow are actresses.

## Death
Maureen died in Scottsdale, Arizona on June 23, 1998 due to complications of heart issues and surgery.

## References
Filibuster

of Vermont Bernie Sanders delivered a filibuster to the congress about tax cuts in December 2010]]
**Filibuster**, also known as **talking out a bill**, is  a tactic of parliamentary procedure. Filibustering occurs when a person addresses a parliament for a new law, and somebody disagrees with such law, so they start talking and don't stop until the parliament calls off for the day. It is a method of stopping an unfavorable bill to the mind a parliament member from being passed.
## History
The term "filibuster" comes from the French word "flibustier," meaning "pillaging pirate."  In terms of parliamentary procedure, the word was not used until the 19th century However, the use of long speeches as a delaying tactic is part of the history of the Roman Senate. For example, Cato the Younger is known for using filibuster tactics to block Julius Caesar's rise to power. 

### Timeline
***1841**: The first ongoing filibuster in the United States Senate starts on February 18 and ends on March 11
* **1853**: The term "filibuster" is first recorded in the *Congressional Record*
* **2011**: A filibuster about Canada Post by the New Democratic Party (NDP) in the House of Commons of Canada started on June 23 and ended on June 25, 2011.
* **2013**: Chuck Hagel, the president's defense secretary nominee was filibustered after a cloture motion (the vote that ends the filibuster) failed 58-40.

## United States 
In the United States, current rules in the Senate require all Senators to be allowed to deliver a speech for as long as they want. Voting cannot begin until all Senators finish giving their speeches. A **filibuster** allows a senator to block a bill by speaking on behalf of the bill for too long on purpose so it would not be brought to a vote. To pass a bill, the Senate only needs at least 50 votes (out of 100) in support of the bill. To end a filibuster will require **cloture** which requires 60 votes (out of 100) in support. A cloture would allow the bill to be voted on because it forces all debates to end. 

To get around the filibuster, the Senate may choose to include a provision of the bill through a reconciliation bill. A reconciliation bill bans filibusters and only requires 50 votes (out of 100) for it to pass. In 2013, the Senate Democrats changed the rules to ban filibusters for confirming the President's nominee for courts other than the Supreme Court. In 2017, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell added Supreme Court nominations to the ban on filibusters in order to confirm Neil Gorsuch (appointed by Donald Trump) to the Supreme Court with only 50 votes. 

Supporters of the filibuster argue it protects the minority from having no say in the bill. However, critics claim it gives the minority too much power by blocking any legislation. 

In 2021, the Democratic Party introduced legislation that would eliminate the filibuster that could be passed with only a majority vote. However, Democratic senators Joe Manchin and Kyrsten Sinema said they are opposed to modifying the filibuster.

## References
## Other websites
* "Filibuster and Cloture" at United States Senate
Mason

**Mason** may refer to:

* A craftsman who works with (masonry)
* Stone mason, a craftsman in the stonemasonry industry
* A bricklayer, a craftsman who lays bricks to construct brickwork
* A Freemason
Emma (given name)

**Emma** [ **em**-*uh* ] is a female given name. It comes from the Germanic word *ermen* (which means whole or entire). 

The name is very popular for females in the English-speaking world. It became popular in the United States in the late 1900s. It was the most popular name for girls in 2008, 2014, and 2015.  

## People named Emma
* Emma Thompson, English actress and writer
* Emma Watson, English actress and activist (born 1990)
* Emma Stone, American actress
* Emma Tate, British actress
* Emma Lazarus, American poet (1849–1887)
* Emma Corrin, English actor
* Emma Watkins, Australian musician Emma Mackey, French-British actress and model
* Emma Marrone, Italian singer-songwriter
* Emma Roberts, American actress (born 1991)
* Emma Chamberlain, American internet personality
* Emma Bunton, English singer, member of the Spice Girls
* Emma Morano, Italian supercentenarian
* Emma Caulfield, American actress
* Emma Raducanu, British tennis player

## References
Lilyan Tashman

**Lilyan Tashman** was an American stage, silent movie, and early "talkie" actress. She was born in New York City. She won notice as a vaudevillian in the Zeigfield Follies. Her first movie was *Experience* in 1921. This was followed by many others. She often played the bitchy "other woman". Tashman was a lesbian and looked for sex with other women in public restrooms.  She had a long term affair with Greta Garbo. She married vaudevillian Al Lee and, later, openly gay actor Edmund Lowe. Their parties were the talk and the scandal of early Hollywood. Tashman died of cancer in 1934. Her last film, *Frankie and Johnny*, was released after her death in 1936.

## References
## Other websites
*
Hanlon's razor

'''Hanlon's razor''' is a saying that reads:

In simpler words: some bad things happen not because of people having bad , but because they did not think it through properly.

The quotation is attributed to Robert J. Hanlon of Scranton, Pennsylvania, US. According to his friend Joseph Bigler, Hanlon first used it as part of something he wrote for a compilation of various jokes related to Murphy's law. The compilation book was published in 1980 titled ''Murphy's Law Book Two, More Reasons Why Things Go Wrong''. The name was inspired by Occam's razor.

There are many similar sayings. One example is *"Never ascribe to malice that which is adequately explained by ."*  Something similar has been attributed to science fiction author Robert Heinlein’s short story "Logic of Empire" in 1941 (“I would say that you have fallen into the commonest fallacy of all in dealing with social and economic subjects-the "devil theory".'Huh?' 'You have attributed conditions to villainy that simply result from stupidity.”).  The phrase has also been erroneously attributed to Napoleon Bonaparte.

## References
Conor Maynard

**Conor Maynard** (born 21 November 1992) is an English singer. He comes from Brighton. His first album, *Contrast*, was a large success: it went top of the UK charts. He had four singles from that album: ''Can't Say No*, *Vegas Girl*, *Turn Around'' and "Animal". They all reached the top 10 in the UK charts. They also did well in Scotland, Ireland, and other countries.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Official website
*
Hulk

The **Hulk** is a popular fictional superhero character created by writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby, appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. His real name is **Dr.** **Robert Bruce Banner**, a brilliant scientist who transforms into the Hulk—a massive, green-skinned, super-strong creature—whenever he experiences intense anger or stress.

## Publication history 
Created by writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby, the character first appeared in the debut issue of *The Incredible Hulk* (May 1962).

## Fictional character biography 
Dr. Bruce Banner was exposed to gamma radiation during an experimental bomb test, which led to his transformation into the Hulk. The transformation is triggered by emotional stress, especially anger. The Hulk's personality varies from a childlike, innocent version (sometimes called "Savage Hulk") to a more intelligent and articulate persona (like "Professor Hulk").

## Powers and abilities 
He possesses superhuman strength, durability, and regenerative healing. The Hulk's strength increases with his level of anger. He is resistent to most forms of injury and damage. He also has limited ability to speak when transformed into the Hulk, depending on the version.

## Notable stories and roles 
Hulk has been a member of the Avengers and the Defenders. He often struggles with controlling his temper and the destructive potential of the Hulk. Key story arcs include *Planet Hulk*, where he is exiled to a distant planet, and *World War Hulk*, where he seeks revenge on those who wronged him.

## In other media 
One of the most iconic characters in popular culture, the character has appeared on a variety of merchandise, such as clothing and collectable items, inspired real-world structures (such as theme park attractions), and been referenced in several media. Banner and the Hulk have been adapted into live-action, animated, and video game incarnations.

The character was first played in live-action by Bill Bixby and Lou Ferrigno in the 1978 television series *The Incredible Hulk* and its subsequent television films *The Incredible Hulk Returns* (1988), *The Trial of the Incredible Hulk* (1989), and The Death of the Incredible Hulk (1990). In the 2003 film *Hulk*, the character was played by Eric Bana. In the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), the character was first portrayed by Edward Norton in the film *The Incredible Hulk* (2008) and then by Mark Ruffalo in later appearances in the franchise.
Andrea Martin

**Andrea Louise Martin** is an American-Canadian actress, singer and comedian. She is best known for her work in the television series *SCTV* and *Great News*. She has been in movies such as *Black Christmas* (1974), *Wag the Dog* (1997), *Hedwig and the Angry Inch* (2001), *My Big Fat Greek Wedding* (2002), *My Big Fat Greek Wedding 2* (2016) and *Little Italy* (2018). She has also been in the animated movies *Anastasia* (1997), *The Rugrats Movie* (1998) and *Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius* (2001).

Martin has been also acted on stage. She has won Tony Awards for both *My Favorite Year* and the 2013 version of *Pippin*. Martin has been on Broadway in *Candide*, *Oklahoma!*, *Fiddler on the Roof*, *Young Frankenstein*, *Exit the King*, and *Act One*. She has gotten five nominations for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical. This is more than any other actress. She got her first nomination for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play for the 2016 version of *Noises Off*.

She also starred as Carol Wendelson on the NBC sitcom *Great News*, and as Marilyn Kessler in the Hulu series *Difficult People*.

## Filmography
### Animated Roles
* *Camp Candy* - Additional Voices
* *Hercules* - Additional Voices
* *The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius* - Mrs. Fowl
* *The Completely Mental Misadventures of Ed Grimley* - Mrs. Freebus

### Film Roles
* *Anastasia* - Old Woman, Phlegmenkoff
* *Brother Bear 2* - Anda
* *Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius* - Mrs. Fowl
* ''Recess: School's Out* - Lunchlady Harriet
* *The Secret of NIMH 2: Timmy to the Rescue'' - Muriel

## References
National Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Art Award

The **National Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Art Award** (NATSIAA) is a competition, exhibition and award held each year for visual arts in Australia. It is one of the most important art awards in Australia. It was first created in 1984 by the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory. Telstra has sponsored the event since 1992, so it is often known as the **Telstra Award**.

The competition is open to all adult Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander artists. It features artists from all over Australia. Its goal is to show the best indigenous art in the country. The works can be in any media, including paintings (on bark, canvas and paper), prints, sculpture, textiles, weaving, ceramics, glass, photography, digital media and video.

The first prize of AU$40,000 is awarded to the work considered the best in the show. Smaller prizes of AU$4,000 each are awarded in four categories.

## List of winners
## References
## Bibliography
* 
* 

## Other websites
*Exhibition information  at the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory
Santon

A **santon** ("little saint") is small, hand painted, terra cotta figurine manufactured in Provençal. These figurines represent characters in the "nativity scene" such as the Holy Family and the Magi. Also represented are traditional characters from 19th century French village life such as the scissors sharpener, the fishwife, the chestnut seller, and the miller. Santons had their origin in the days of the French Revolution when revolutionists forbade large nativity scenes. The production of santons today is a family affair with parents teaching the craft to their children. Santon makers gather in Marseille and other places during the Christmas season to display and sell their products.

## References
Nick Clooney

**Nicholas Joseph "Nick" Clooney** (born January 13, 1934) is an American journalist, anchorman, and television host. He is the brother of Rosemary Clooney and the father of George Clooney. He is also the father of Adelia Clooney.

Clooney was born on January 13, 1934 in Maysville, Kentucky. His parents had German, Irish, and English ancestry. His career would begin in California during the 1960s. Later he moved to Lexington, Kentucky and to Cleveland, Ohio. Clooney was married to Nina Bruce Warren since 1959. They had two children. He now lives in Los Angeles, California.

Clooney ran to be part of the United States House of Representatives for Kentucky for the Democrat Party in 2004. He ran against Ken Lucas. Clooney lost 44% to 54%.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
* Nick Clooney describes "The Money Maze"
*1975 interview (from sister Rosemary Clooney's site)
Hope, Arkansas

**Hope** is a city in Arkansas. It is the birthplace of former Arkansas governors Bill Clinton, who was later U.S. President, and former Governor Mike Huckabee, who unsuccessful ran for the Republican nomination in 2008 and 2016. According to the 2020 United States Census its population is 8,952.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website