open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Solar sail

A **solar sail** (or **light sails** or **photon sails**) is a proposed method of spacecraft propulsion using radiation pressure exerted by sunlight. The word 'sail' is by analogy with boats which use a sail to use wind to move. The concept was first proposed in the 17th century by Johannes Kepler. He had a theory that sails could be adapted to "heavenly breezes".

In 1865, James Clerk Maxwell published his theory of electromagnetic fields and radiation. He showed that light (one form of electromagnetic radiation) can put pressure on an object. This pressure is called radiation pressure.  This provided a foundation for the science behind the solar sail. 
Solar radiation exerts a pressure on the sail due to reflection and a small fraction that is absorbed.

Solar pressure acts on  spacecraft, in space or in orbit around a planet. A typical spacecraft going to Mars, for example, is displaced thousands of kilometers by solar pressure. The effects are predicted in planning. This has been done since the time of the early interplanetary spacecraft of the 1960s. Solar pressure also affects the orientation of a craft, a factor that is included in spacecraft design.

The concept of solar sail was later used science fiction, such as the works of Jules Verne. 

## The theory 
The idea of a solar sail is to use radiation pressure from the Sun to move a spacecraft, probably using large *mirrors* (large light reflective surfaces). The disadvantage of the method is that the generated thrust is very small. The benefit is that no propellant is needed (as long as there is light). As a result, it is considered a possible option for future spacecraft. To date, only small test versions have been used as experiments. 

The total force exerted on an 800 by 800 meter solar sail, for example, is about  at Earth's distance from the Sun, making it a low-thrust propulsion system, similar to spacecraft propelled by electric engines. As it uses no propellant, the force is exerted almost constantly. The collective effect over time is great enough to be considered a way of propelling spacecraft.

## History 
Plans for the first use of the concept were made in the 1970s by Bruce Murray and Louis Friedman, two researchers at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. 

On May 21, 2010, Japan's Space Exploration Agency (JAXA) successfully launched the solar sail, the IKAROS (Interplanetary Kite-Craft Accelerated by Radiation Of The Sun). It used a solar sail in space between Earth and Venus.

In 2010, NASA launched the solar sail craft NANOSEL-D2. The was the first success of NASA's solar sail craft.

On 2 July 2019 the Planet Society, based in the United States, launched the LightSail 2 satellite, designed using solar sail technology. The lightweight satellite, was launched with the SpaceX's Falcon Heavy rocket from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. This was low budget mission funded by donations from 50,000 members. The total budget was less than 7 million USD. In late July 2019, LightSail 2 opened its solar sail. It took about 3 minutes to do so.

## References
Peter Ouwens

**Pieter Antonie Ouwens**  (14 February 1849, Amsterdam – 5 March 1922, Buitenzorg) was a Dutch scientist. He was Director of the Java Zoological Museum and Botanical Gardens. He is best known for writing the first formal description of the Komodo dragon (*Varanus komodoensis*) in 1912.

## Family
Ouwens was the child of Pieter Anthonis Ouwens, accountant in Amsterdam, and Caroline Reiniera Nagels. He studied at the Royal Military Academy in Breda from 1867. In 1871, he became lieutenant at the Infantry in the Dutch East Indies. In 1883, he was promoted to captain. In January 1879 he married Johanna Vosmaer at Banda Aceh. They divorced a month after the birth of their only child in 1882 in Salatiga. Ouwens then married Jeanne Dikkers in December 1883 in Purworejo. He married again in 1902, with Anna Josephina Soesman.

## Komodo dragon
Ouwens became curator of the Zoological Museum in Buitenzorg. (Buitenzorg is now called Bogor). Lieutenant Jacques Karel Henri van Steyn van Hensbroek was the first European to see Komodo dragons. Hensbroek sent a photo and a skin of a Komodo dragon to Ouwens. He then sent a collector to Komodo, who returned to Java with two adults and a young lizard. Ouwens named the species *Varanus komodoensis* in a publication of 1912. Ouwens became Officer of the Order of Orange-Nassau and died in Buitenzorg in 1922.

## References
Things Fall Apart

***Things Fall Apart*** is a novel written by Chinua Achebe. It came out in 1958. The book talks about life in Nigeria before the Europeans came to Africa and brought colonialism in the 19th century. 

The book's main character is a man named Okonkwo. He is an Igbo man that lives in a fictional clan in Nigeria called Umuofia. 

There are three main parts of the story. The first part talks about Okonkwo's personal life and the Igbo culture and traditions. The second and third parts talk about the British colonialists and Christian missionaries.

*Things Fall Apart* is a very important book. Many people see it as an archetype (something that other works have been based on) for other African novels. The book has been sold over 20 million times. *Time* magazine said it was one of the best 100 English-language books from 1923 to 2005.

## Story 
### Part 1 
Okonkwo is a wrestling champion and a hardworking man. He was born in a poor family because his father was lazy and was in a lot of debt. This makes him hate his father. He tries to be the opposite of everything his father was.

### Part 2 
In this part of the novel, Okonkwo and his family are away. Meanwhile, white men come to Umuofia and introduce their religion, Christianity. Okonkwo's son Nwoye becomes a Christian.

### Part 3 
The village destroys the church because a convert disrespected an elder during a ritual. Because of that event, Okonkwo and other leaders go to jail.

Okonkwo kills a messenger. However, the other ones escape. He realizes that the village will not fight back.

Okonkwo kills himself to avoid being tried in court. Suicide is not acceptable to the Igbo and so Okonkwo loses his good name.

## Characters 
* **Okonkwo** is the main character. He has 3 wives and 10 kids. He tries very hard to not be like his father, who was considered an abomination (a terrible thing) because he died of swelling. However, he ends up as an abomination himself because suicide is not allowed in Igbo culture.

## References
Oiniades

**Oiniades** () is part of the municipality Missolonghi, Greece. Its area is 270.899&nbsp;km2. It was named after the ancient town of Oeniadae.

## History
Ancient Oeniadae () was a port town on the west bank of the river Achelous. It was one of the most important towns of ancient Acarnania. Oeniadai was first mentioned in the 5th century BC.

It was against a hill in the marshes. These protected it from invaders. It is the same place the modern village, Katochi.

It was an important port on the route to Corfu. It changed its alliances often in the history. At first it was a member of the Peloponnesian League. But, in 424 BC it joined the Delian League. In the Hellenistic period, Oiniadai allied with the Aetolians until 218 BC when Philip V declared it free. From 211-189 BC during the Roman-Macedonian wars the Aetolians controlled it again. In Roman times it became less important.

## Municipality
### Subdivisions
The communities below are part of Oiniades:
*Neochori Mesolongiou (Neochori, Magoula, Marmara)
*Gouria
*Katochi
*Lesini
*Mastros (Mastros, Platania)
*Pentalofo

### Population
## References
## Other websites
*Municipality of Oiniades 
*Oiniades (municipality) on GTP Travel Pages
*Ancient Oeniadae on GTP Travel Pages
*Ancient Oeniadae access information 
*jstor.org, *Oeniadae: I. History and Topography* by Benjamin Powell, 1904
United States congressional delegations from Kansas

These are tables of congressional delegations from Kansas to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives.

## United States Senate
## Delegates from Kansas Territory 
## United States House of Representatives
### 1859 – 1873: 1 seat at-large
### 1873 – 1883: 3 seats
### 1883–1893: 7 seats
### 1893 – 1933: 8 seats
### 1933–1943: 7 seats
### 1943 – 1963: 6 seats
### 1963 – 1993: 5 seats
### 1993 – Present: 4 seats
## Key
Can't Buy Me Love (movie)

'''''Can't Buy Me Love''''' is a 1987 American teen romantic comedy feature movie starring Patrick Dempsey and Amanda Peterson in a story about a nerd at a high school in Tucson, Arizona, who gives a cheerleader $1,000 to pretend to be his girlfriend for a month. The movie was directed by Steve Rash and takes its title from a Beatles song with the same title.

## Cast 
* Patrick Dempsey as Ronald Miller
* Amanda Peterson as Cindy Mancini
* Courtney Gains as Kenneth Wurman
* Tina Caspary as Barbara
* Seth Green as Chuck Miller
* Sharon Farrell as Mrs. Mancini
* Dennis Dugan as David Miller
* Darcy DeMoss as Patty
* Devin DeVasquez as Iris
* Eric Bruskotter as Big John
* Gerardo Mejía as Ricky
* Cort McCown as Quint
* Cloyce Morrow as Judy Miller
* Steve Franken as Moda Clerk
* Ami Dolenz as Fran
Peter Matić

, 2010]]
**Peter Matić** (24 March 1937 – 20 June 2019) was an Austrian actor and voice actor. He appeared in more than 80 movies and TV series between 1961 and 2019. He had roles in movies such as *I Learned It from Father* (1964), *Everyone Dies Alone* (1976) and *Wahnfried* (1986). He is known in German-speaking countries for dubbing the voice of British actor Ben Kingsley.

Matić was born in Vienna. He died on 20 June 2019, at the age of 82.

## References
## Other websites
*
Roger Béteille

office]]
**Roger Béteille**  (28 August 1921 – 14 June 2019) was a French aeronautical engineer. He was born in Vors, Aveyron. In 1952, he joined Sud-Aviation in Toulouse and held senior posts: Head of Flight Testing (1952 to 1957), Head of Rockets and Satellites division (1957 to 1967) and the deputy technical director of and A300 programme manager.

Béteille worked with Air France and Lufthansa, as well as U.S.-based airlines like United, TWA and American Airlines. He also decided that English should be the working language and that measurements should not be metric because most airlines already had American built aircraft.

He is known for the success of Airbus and is sometimes called "Mr. Airbus".

## References
## Other websites
* French Air & Space Academy, Roger Béteille 
* Airbus webpage
Lionel Tertis

**Lionel Tertis**, CBE (29 December 187622 February 1975) was an English violist. He was one of the first viola players to have international fame. Tertis was also a known violin teacher. He was born in West Hartlepool, North East England.

Tertis died on 22 February 1975 in Wimbledon, London at the age of 98.

## References
Stadtallendorf

**Stadtallendorf** is a town in the county of Marburg-Biedenkopf, Hesse, Germany. It lies about  east of Marburg. In 2010, the town hosted the 50th Hessentag state festival.

File:Stadtallendorf Mosque1.jpg|Mosque
File:Stadtallendorf Mosque2.jpg|Mosque side view
File:Stadtallendorf Ferrero Factory.jpg|Ferrero factory

## Geography 
### Location 
Under the German system of *Naturräume*, Stadtallendorf lies in the West Hesse Depression zone (*westhessische Senkenzone*) which is divided into basins and ridges. With respect to these, the town lies on the Upper Hesse Ridge which separates the Amöneburg Basin in the west from the *Schwalmbecken* (another basin) in the east. On this ridge may also be found the Neustadt Saddle, abutted by the town's northeast edge. This upland is part of the divide between the Rhine and Weser watersheds.

### Neighbouring communities 
Stadtallendorf borders in the north on the town of Rauschenberg (Marburg-Biedenkopf) and the community of Gilserberg (Schwalm-Eder-Kreis), in the east on the town of Neustadt, in the southeast on the town of Kirtorf, in the south on the town of Homberg (Ohm) (both in the Vogelsbergkreis), and in the west on the towns of Amöneburg and Kirchhain (both in Marburg-Biedenkopf).

## Population 
(in each case as of 31 December)
* 1998 – 21,587
* 1999 – 21,643
* 2000 – 21,656
* 2001 – 21,671
* 2002 – 21,704
* 2003 – 21,708
* 2004 – 21,528
* 2006 – 21,540
* 2009 – 21,146

## City districts 

File:Schweinsberg (Stadtallendorf) (05).jpg|Schweinsberg (Town) 
File:Erksdorf_church.jpg|Erksdorf
File:Hatzbach church.jpg|Hatzbach
File:Wolferode_church.jpg|Wolferode

## References 
## Other websites 
*
The Heartbreak Kid (2007 movie)

***The Heartbreak Kid*** is a 2007 American black comedy movie directed by the Farrelly brothers. Starring Ben Stiller, it is a remake of the 1972 movie of the same name. The movie was originally titled *The Seven Day Itch*, but Peter Farrelly revealed the filmmakers lost a lawsuit over the name; after attempts to find another title and suggestions of several other possible titles, the studio had them use the title The Heartbreak Kid. Also starring are Michelle Monaghan, Malin Åkerman, Jerry Stiller, Rob Corddry, Carlos Mencia, Scott Wilson and Danny McBride. The screenplay for the 2007 movie was written by Leslie Dixon, Scot Armstrong, the Farrelly brothers and Kevin Barnett.
Tadahito Iguchi

, nicknamed "**Gucchi**", is a Japanese former professional baseball second baseman. He is currently the manager of the Chiba Lotte Marines of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB).

## Career 
As a member of the Chicago White Sox in 2005, he became the first Japanese-born position player to win the World Series in 2005. Even though he was ineligible for their postseason roster he received a world series ring with the 2008 Phillies. 

Over the course of his career he played for the Chicago White Sox, Philadelphia Phillies and San Diego Padres of Major League Baseball (MLB). He played for the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks and the Chiba Lotte Marines of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB).
What to Expect When You're Expecting (movie)

'''''What to Expect When You're Expecting''''' is a 2012 American romantic comedy movie that follows the lives of five interconnected couples in the Atlanta area as they experience the thrills and surprises of having a baby, and realize that no matter what you plan for, life does not always deliver what is expected. It was distributed by Lionsgate, produced by Mike Medavoy, Arnold Messer and David Thwaites, co-produced by Alcon Entertainment, Phoenix Pictures, What to Expect Productions and Georgia Public, edited by Michael Berenbaum, directed by Kirk Jones from a screenplay by Shauna Cross and Heather Hach with music by Mark Mothersbaugh and based on the pregnancy guide of the same name by Heidi Murkoff.

## Cast 
* Cameron Diaz as Jules Baxter
* Jennifer Lopez as Holly Castillo
* Elizabeth Banks as Wendy Cooper
* Chace Crawford as Marco
* Brooklyn Decker as Skyler Cooper
* Ben Falcone as Gary Cooper
* Anna Kendrick as Rosie Brennan
* Matthew Morrison as Evan Webber
* Dennis Quaid as Ramsey Cooper
* Chris Rock as Vic Mac
* Rodrigo Santoro as Alex Castillo
* Joe Manganiello as Davis
* Rob Huebel as Gabe
* Thomas Lennon as Craig
* Amir Talai as Patel
Nusret Gökçe

**Nusret Gökçe** (born in 1983), nicknamed **Salt Bae**, is a Turkish butcher from Turkey, he is also a chef, and restaurateur. He owns Nusr-Et, a chain of steak houses. He became famous for his technique of preparing and seasoning meat, which is also an Internet meme.

## Personal life 
Gökçe was born in Erzurum, Turkey. His family is Kurdish. His father worked in a mine. Due to financial constraints of his family, he had to leave school at the 6th grade. He started working as a butcher's apprentice in Kadıköy district, Istanbul.

Gökçe is also known for his charitable work. He built a school in his hometown of Erzurum. He is said to have 13 children.

## As an internet meme 
 that makes fun of him with writing on his chest saying "#Downfall"]]
Gökçe became famous from a series of viral Internet videos and memes. The videos show him "suavely" cutting meat and sprinkling salt. The video exceeded 10 million views on Instagram. He was nicknamed "Salt Bae" because of his particular way of salting meat: dropping it from his fingertips to his forearm, and then falling onto the dish. In 2014, he opened a restaurant in Dubai.

The dishes served at Gökçe's restaurants have received mixed reviews and have been described as "overpriced". Early professional reviews in 2018 of his New York City steakhouse were generally negative. *The New York Post*s Steve Cuozzo called the restaurant "Public Rip-off No. 1". In an article on GQ, Joshua David Stein called the steak mundane and the hamburgers overcooked. 

In December 2017, he received criticism for a photo posing in front of an image of Fidel Castro, which was taken in 2016.

As of 2019, Nusr-Et chain has branches in the following countries:

* : Mykonos
* : Doha
*  Istanbul, Bodrum and Ankara
* : Abu Dhabi and Dubai
*  Miami and New York.

## References
Ioannis Veryvakis

, 1993]]
**Ioannis Veryvakis** (; 3 November 1930 – 19 June 2019) was a Greek Army officer. He rose to the rank of full General and served Chief of the Hellenic National Defence General Staff from 1990 to 1993. He was also Chief of the Hellenic Army General Staff. Veryvakis was born in Edessa. His parents were from Crete.

Veryvakis died on 19 June 2019 in Athens, at the age of 88.

## References
Rubén Suñé

**Rubén José Suñé** (7 March 1947 – 20 June 2019) was an Argentine footballer. He played as a midfielder.

Suñé was born in Buenos Aires. He is best remembered as a Boca Juniors player, spending two stints at the club from 1967–1972 and 1976–1980. He won eight titles with Boca Juniors, including the Intercontinental Cup in 1977 and two Copa Libertadores in 1977 and 1978. He also played for Huracán, Unión de Santa Fe and San Lorenzo. He first played for Argentina in 1969, playing six times total for his country.

Suñé died on 20 June 2019 in Buenos Aires, at the age of 72.

## Honours
;Boca Juniors
*Copa Argentina: 1969
*Primera División: 1969 Nacional, 1970 Metropolitano, 1976 Nacional, 1976 Metropolitano
*Copa Libertadores: 1977, 1978
*Intercontinental Cup: 1977

## References
## Other websites
*
Eutin

**Eutin** () is the district capital of Eastern Holstein county. It is  in the north German state of Schleswig-Holstein. As of 2015, about 17,000 people lived in the town.

## History
The name Eutin (originally Utin) is Slavic. Its meaning is not clear. It probably came from the personal name "Uta". The Slavic Obotrites tribe settled eastern Holstein in the 7th/8th centuries A.D. and built a castle on Pheasant Island in the lake now called the Großer Eutiner See.

Dutch settlers came to live in *Utin* in the twelfth century. In 1156 Eutin became a market town.  It later became the seat of the Prince-Bishopric of Lübeck because Lübeck itself was an imperial free city.  When the bishopric was secularized in 1803, Eutin became part of the Duchy of Oldenburg. In the Greater Hamburg Act of 1937, Eutin passed from the Free State of Oldenburg to the Prussian Province of Schleswig-Holstein. After World War II, it became part of the modern Bundesland of Schleswig-Holstein.

## Culture
Eutin is birthplace of composer Carl Maria von Weber. To honor him, an open-air theater ('**) was built in the park of Eutin Castle in 1951. Operas are performed there in July and August during the Eutin Opera Summer Festival (**'). The seating capacity of this open-air venue is about 2000. The festival includes music students in Eutin aand students from the University of Kansas in Lawrence, Kansas, United States. Lawrence is a twin city with Eutin. 

Eutin has an annual Blues Festival (Bluesfest Eutin) at the beginning of summer. Local musicians, as well as up and coming blues artists from around the world, come to play at this three-day outdoor blues festival. The festival is in the market place in the center of town. Admission is free.

File:Eutin Marktplatz.jpg|Eutin central market place 'Marktplatz'
File:Eutin All Time Stars.jpg|Eutin All Time Stars, BluesBaltica/Bluesfest 2014

## Geography and economy
Eutin is surrounded by lakes of the Holsteinische Schweiz, including the Großer Eutiner See, Kleiner Eutiner See, Kellersee and Ukleisee. There are forests around the lakes. Popular activities on these lakes include boating, canoeing, rowing, swimming, and fishing.

Schleswig-Holstein, particularly Eutin, has many rapeseed fields. They produce biofuel. Wind turbines are also a common in this rural region.

## International relations
Eutin is twinned with:

* Nykøbing Falster, Denmark
* Putbus auf Rügen, Germany
* Lawrence, Kansas, US

Each summer, Lawrence and Eutin have an exchange program. High-school students from Lawrence and college students from the University of Kansas have some weeks in Eutin. German students from Eutin come to Lawrence to study. The University of Kansas also created an internship exchange program with Eutin.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
*Website of the Eutin Opera Summer Festival
*View of Eutin from a live webcam on top of the Water Tower.
Blaine, Washington

**Blaine** is a city in Washington in the United States (USA). It is in Whatcom County. The Peace Arch Park is located there.

Blaine is located on the International border between Canada and the USA.

The first name of Blaine was Concord. The name was changed in 1884 in honor of
James G. Blaine (1830-1893), a Republican leader.

## References
Russian ruble

The **Russian ruble** or **rouble** ( *rublʹ*, plural:  *rubli*; sign: ₽, руб; code: RUB) is the currency of Russia. It is also used in two partially recognized countries, Abkhazia and South Ossetia. It is also used in the unrecognised republics of Donetsk and Luhansk. One ruble is subdivided into 100 *kopeks* ( *kopeyka*, plural:  *kopeyki*).

The ruble was the currency of the Russian Empire and of the Soviet Union (as the Soviet ruble). Only three countries, Russia, Belarus and Transnistria use currencies known as ruble. The ruble was the world's first decimal currency: it was decimalised in 1704 when the ruble became equal to 100 kopeks.

In 1992 the Soviet ruble (code: SUR) was replaced with the Russian ruble (code: RUR) at the rate 1 SUR = 1 RUR. In 1998, while Russia was suffering from a second economic crisis,  the Russian ruble was redenominated with the new code "RUB" and was exchanged at the rate of 1 RUB = 1,000 RUR.

## References
Josl Rieder

]]
**Josef** "**Josl**" **Rieder** (3 December 1932 – 15 June 2019) was an Austrian alpine skier. He competed at the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo. At the event, he was disqualified in the downhill event and the slalom. He won three medals (one gold and two silvers) at the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships in 1958. He lit the Olympic flame at the 1964 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck.

Rieder was born in Lermoos, Tyrol. He died on 15 June 2019, at the age of 86.

## References
## Other websites
*Josl Rieder at the International Olympic Committee
Miguel Ángel Falasca

**Miguel Ángel Falasca Fernández** (29 April 1973 – 22 June 2019) was a Spanish volleyball player and head coach. He was born in Mendoza, Argentina and moved to Spain as a teenager. 

Falasca played for the Spain national team between 1993 and 2009. He played at club level for many teams, including Las Palmas, Pòrtol, Skra Bełchatów and Ural Ufa. He represented Spain at the 2000 Summer Olympics and won the European Volleyball Championship in 2007. He also was a three-time medallist of the European Volleyball League (gold in 2007, silver in 2009, bronze in 2005).

After retiring from playing, Falasca coached Skra Bełchatów, the Czech Republic national volleyball team, Gi Group Monza and Saugella Monza.

Falasca, while coach of Italian team Saugella Monza, died of a heart attack on 22 June 2019. He was 46.

## References
## Other websites
*Miguel Ángel Falasca at the International Olympic Committee
Bubba Green

**Anthony Wayne** "**Bubba**" **Green** (September 30, 1957 – June 21, 2019) was an American football player. He played as a defensive lineman. He played one season for the Baltimore Colts in the National Football League (NFL) in 1981. After playing 15 games for the Colts, he injured his knee and never played another NFL game. Green was born in Cape May, New Jersey and grew up in Woodbine.

Green died of cancer on June 21, 2019 in Randallstown, Maryland. He was 62.

## References
## Other websites
*Bubba Green at Pro-Football-Reference.com
The Bourne Ultimatum

***The Bourne Ultimatum*** is a 2007 action spy movie directed by Paul Greengrass loosely based on the novel of the same name by Robert Ludlum. The screenplay was written by Tony Gilroy, Scott Z. Burns and George Nolfi and based on a screen story of the novel by Gilroy. The Bourne Ultimatum is the third in the Jason Bourne movie series, being preceded by *The Bourne Identity* (2002) and *The Bourne Supremacy* (2004). The fourth movie, *The Bourne Legacy*, was released in August 2012, without the involvement of Damon, and the fifth movie (a direct sequel to Ultimatum), *Jason Bourne*, was released in July 2016.

## Cast 
* Matt Damon as Jason Bourne
* Julia Stiles as Nicky Parsons
* David Strathairn as Noah Vosen
* Scott Glenn as Ezra Kramer
* Paddy Considine as Simon Ross
* Édgar Ramírez as Paz
* Albert Finney as Dr. Albert Hirsch
* Joan Allen as Pamela Landy
* Tom Gallop as Tom Cronin
* Corey Johnson as Ray Wills
* Daniel Brühl as Martin Kreutz
Reol

is a Japanese female singer, songwriter, record producer, and rapper. She is a former member of J-pop group REOL and is currently signed under Victor Entertainment as a solo artist. She started creating and releasing music onto Nico Nico Douga and YouTube in late 2012.

## Career
### 2012–2017: Career beginnings and *No Title+*
In late 2012, Reol began uploading original songs and cover songs to video sharing sites Nico Nico Douga and YouTube. On August 17, 2014 Reol co-released the compilation album titled *No Title+* with music arranger GigaP, video director Okiku, and art producer Key, under the group name *Anyosupenyosuyaya*. The album contains vocals by Vocaloid virtual singers such as Hatsune Miku, GUMI and Megurine Luka, the album was released through Japanese label Celo Project. Reol has since released a version with her own vocals, titled *No Title-*.

On July 29, 2015 Reol independently released her first studio album titled *Gokusaishiki*, which reached the top ten on the Oricon Albums Chart. Later that year Reol, along with GigaP & Okiku, signed to Toy's Factory under the unit name REOL. On August 18, REOL made their first public appearance in the music video for their single "Give Me a Break Stop Now". They released their debut studio album titled 'Sigma' on October 19, 2016, which reached number 8 on the Oricon weekly Albums Chart.

On October 11, 2017, REOL released the *Endless EP* prior to their announced disbandment. The EP features their 2014 single "LUVORATORRRRRY!" featuring utaite rapper nqrse. The music video for the song has amassed over 43 million views on YouTube, making it the unit's most commercially successful release.

### 2018–present: Victor Entertainment and solo debut
In January 2018, Reol signed to Victor Entertainment. On March 5 she released a music video for the song titled "エンド" as the single for her solo debut EP. Reol released her first EP titled *Kyokoushu* on March 14.

Reol released the singles "Saisaki" and "Sairen" in July and August respectively before the announcement of her first studio album *Jijitsujo* (事実上). *Jijitsujo* was released on October 17, and a music video for the third single "Gekihaku" was released on December 19.

## Discography
**Studio albums**
* *Gokusaishiki* (2015)
* *No Title-* (2016)
* *Jijitsujo* (事実上) (2018)
*Kinjitou (金字塔) (2020)

**Extended plays**
* *Kyokoshu* (虚構集) (2018)
* *Bunmei* (文明) (2019)

**RΞOL**
* *Sigma* (2016)
* *Endless EP* (2017)

**Anyosupenyosuyaya**
* *No Title+* (2014)

## References
Mickey Spillane

**Frank Morrison Spillane** (; March 9, 1918July 17, 2006), better known as **Mickey Spillane**, was an American crime novelist and actor. He was best known for his Mike Hammer novels. More than 225 million copies of his books have sold internationally. He was born in New York City.

Spillane died on July 17, 2006 in Murrells Inlet, South Carolina of pancreatic cancer, aged 88.

## References
Murrells Inlet, South Carolina

**Murrells Inlet** is an unincorporated area and census-designated place between Horry and Georgetown Counties in South Carolina, United States. The population was 9,740 at the 2020 census.

It is most known for the Murrells Inlet Marshwalk, a  boardwalk overlooking a salt marsh and which houses many restaurants.

## References
Multiple system atrophy

**Multiple system atrophy** (**MSA**) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder which causes autonomic dysfunction, tremors, slow movement, muscle rigidity, and postural instability due to dysfunction of the basal ganglia, and ataxia. 

This is caused by progressive degeneration of neurons in several parts of the brain including the basal ganglia, inferior olivary nucleus, and cerebellum.

The symptoms are closely related to Parkinson's disease.

## References
Charles Bernstein

**Charles Bernstein** (born April 4, 1950) is an American poet, essayist, editor, and literary scholar. Bernstein is the Donald T. Regan Chair in the Department of English at the University of Pennsylvania. 

He is one of the most famous members of the Language poets (or L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E poets). 

In 2006 he was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 

Bernstein's selected poetry from the past thirty years, *All the Whiskey in Heaven*, was published in 2010.

## Poetry 
**Asylums* (1975)
* *Parsing* (1976)
**Shade* (1978)
**Poetic Justice* (1979)
**L E G E N D*, with Bruce Andrews, Steve McCaffery, Ron Silliman, Ray DiPalma (1980)
**Controlling Interests* (1980)
**The Nude Formalism*, with Susan Bee (1989)
**Islets/Irritations* (1983)
**The Sophist* (1987)
**Rough Trades* (1991)
**Dark City* (1994)
**Republics of Reality: 1975–1995* (2000)
**With Strings* (2001)
**Shadowtime* (opera libretto) (2005)
**Girly Man* (2006)
**All the Whiskey in Heaven* (2010)
**Recalculating* (2013)
**Near/Miss* (2018)
**Topsy-Turvy* (2021)

## Prose
*''Content's Dream: Essays 1975–1984* (1986)
*"Artifice of Absorption" (1987)
**A Poetics* (1992)
**My Way: Speeches and Poems* (1999)
**A Conversation with David Antin* (2002)
**Attack of the Difficult Poems* (2011)
**Pitch of Poetry'' (2016)

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America

## References
Roary the Racing Car

***Roary the Racing Car*** (also referred to as ***Roary*** for short) is a British stop-motion children's television series produced by Cosgrove Hall Films, Chapman Entertainment and HIT Entertainment. It follows the adventures of Roary and his racing car friends at Silver Hatch race track.

In the US, it was aired on PBS Kids Sprout in 2008 to 2012.

## Plot 
Roary is a red racing car that competes in big races in the Silver Valley. His friends are the driver Maxi and the mechanic Chris, with whom he experiences many adventures.
World Bicycle Day

]]

In April 2018, the United Nations General Assembly declared **June 3** as International **World Bicycle Day**. The resolution for World Bicycle Day recognizes "the uniqueness, longevity and versatility of the Bicycle, which has been in use for two centuries, and that it is a simple, affordable, reliable, clean and environmentally fit sustainable means of transportation."

Professor Leszek Sibilski from the United States led a grassroots campaign with his Sociology class to promote a UN Resolution for World Bicycle Day, eventually gaining the support of Turkmenistan and 56 other countries.  The original UN Blue and White World Bicycle Day logo was designed by Isaac Feld and the accompanying animation was done by Professor John E. Swanson.  It depicts bicyclists of various types riding around the globe.  At the bottom of the logo is the hashtag #June3WorldBicycleDay. The main message is that the bicycle belongs to and serves all of humanity.

World Bicycle Day is a global holiday meant to be enjoyed by all people regardless of race, ethnicity, creed, class, sex, gender, age, sexual orientation, or any other characteristic.  The bicycle as a symbol of human progress and advancement "[promotes] tolerance, mutual understanding and respect and [facilitates] social inclusion and a culture of peace."

## Related pages 
* Bicycle Day 

## References
Milan Asadurov

**Milan Asadurov** (; 29 December 1949 – 7 June 2019) was a Bulgarian author, publisher and translator.  He wrote short stories and scripts for television and radio, starting in 1968. He founded the popular science fiction publishers' series Galaxy in 1978, which published more than 100 books. Galaxy published notable authors including Isaac Asimov, Raymond Chandler, Ray Bradbury, the Strugatsky brothers, Ursula K. Le Guin, Yordan Radichkov, William Faulkner and H. G. Wells. Some of the books published by Galaxy were the first translations in Bulgarian. He also wrote on the history of lighthouses on Bulgaria's Black Sea shoreline. He served as editor-in-chief of *Maritime* magazine.

Asadurov was born in Varna. He died on 7 June 2019, at the age of 69.

## References
## Other websites
*
Leevi Lehto

**Leevi Lehto** (23 February 1951 – 22 June 2019) was a Finnish poet, translator, and programmer. His best known work was the Finnish translation of *Ulysses* by James Joyce.

He translated the works of Louis Althusser, Gilles Deleuze, George Orwell, Stephen King, Ian McEwan, Josef Skvorecky, Walter Benjamin, John Keats, John Ashbery, Mickey Spillane and Charles Bernstein. 

Lehto died of multiple system atrophy in Helsinki on 22 June 2019, aged 68.

## References
Toy Story (franchise)

***Toy Story*** is an American computer animated comedy-fantasy movie series and Disney media franchise that started in 1995 with the animated movie of the same name. The movies are produced from Pixar Animation Studios and the distributor is Walt Disney Pictures. The franchise is based on the anthropomorphic concept that all toys, unknown to humans, are secretly alive, and the movies focus on a diverse group of toys, most notably a cowboy doll named Sheriff Woody (voiced by Tom Hanks) and a modern spaceman action figure named Buzz Lightyear (voiced by Tim Allen). The group unexpectedly embark on adventures that challenge and change them.

The first two movies of the franchise were directed by John Lasseter. The third movie was directed by Lee Unkrich. Unkrich co-directed the second movie, together with Lasseter and Ash Brannon. The fourth movie was directed by Josh Cooley. The first three movies, produced on a total budget of $320 million, have grossed more than $1.9 billion worldwide. Each movie set box office records, with the third included in the top 50 of all-time worldwide movies. All four movies have received generally positive reviews. 

The franchise consists of five animated movies: *Toy Story* (1995), *Toy Story 2* (1999), *Toy Story 3* (2010), *Toy Story 4* (2019), and *Toy Story 5* (2026) and the spin-off *Lightyear* (2022). *Toy Story* was one of the first movies to be made entirely using computer-generated imagery. The movies were produced by Pixar Animation Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Pictures.

In Rotten Tomatoes, all 4 movies have received very positive reviews. The first and second movies score 100%, while the third and fourth score 98%. The third movie in the series is the fourth highest-grossing animated movie and the 28th highest-grossing movie of all time. It also became the third animated movie in history to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture, after *Beauty and the Beast* and *Up*.  The series also has television series which include *Buzz Lightyear of Star Command*, *Toy Story Toons*, *Forky Asks a Question*.

A fifth movie, *Toy Story 5*, is planned to be released on June 19, 2026.

## Movies 
**Movies & Spin-off**
* *Toy Story* (1995)
* *Toy Story 2* (1999)
* *Buzz Lightyear Of Star Command: The Adventure Begins* (2000)
* *Toy Story 3* (2010)
* *Toy Story 4* (2019)
* *Lightyear* (2022)
* *Toy Story 5* (2026)

## Television series 
* *Forky Asks a Question* (2020)

## Television specials 
* *Toy Story of Terror!* (2013)
* *Toy Story That Time Forgot* (2014)

## References
Kei Igawa

is a Japanese former left-handed pitcher. He played for the Hanshin Tigers and Orix Buffalos of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) and New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (MLB). He led all pitchers in the Central League for strikeouts in 2002, 2004 and 2006. He also played in the 2006 Major League Baseball Japan All-Star Series.

## Hanshin Tigers (1998–2006) 
He was the second draft choice of the Hanshin Tigers in 1998. After a couple of years in the Hanshin minor league system, Igawa entered the starting rotation in 2001. In his first full season as a starter, Igawa went 9-13 for the last-placed Tigers, but finished with a Central League second-best 2.67 ERA, behind only Chunichi's Shigeki Noguchi.

In 2002, Hanshin improved to fourth, and Igawa's record was 14-9. He finished third in ERA (2.49), trailing Masumi Kuwata and Kenshin Kawakami. He also led the Central League with 206 strikeouts.

In 2003, the Tigers won the Central League pennant. Igawa made a great contribution with his brilliant performance. He pitched very well and finished with a 20–5 record, a 2.80 ERA, and was third with 179 strikeouts. He was named to the Best Nine, won the MVP in the Central League and also won the Eiji Sawamura Award, the Japanese equivalent of the MLB Cy Young Award.

In 2004, he led the league at 228 strikeouts, he went 14-11 with a 3.73 ERA. In 2005, Igawa went 13-9 with a 3.86 ERA, fifth among his team's starters in ERA. He was only tied for fifth in strikeouts (down significantly to 145) and 10th in ERA.

## References
SGR 1806-20

**SGR 1806-20** is a pulsar in the constellation Sagittarius. It is located 50,000 light years away from the Sun and Earth in the star cluster 1806-20, with the star LBV 1806-20. On December 27, 2004, radiation from a gamma-ray burst caused by the star became the brightest event from outside the Solar System.

## References
Andrey Kharitonov

**Andrey Igorevich Kharitonov** (; 25 July 1959 – 23 June 2019) was a Soviet and Russian actor, director and screenwriter. He appeared in movies, television and stage. He is known for roles in movies such as *The Gadfly* (1980), *The Invisible Man* (1984), *The Life of Klim Samgin* (1988) and ''The Devil's Flower'' (2010).

Kharitonov was born in Kyiv, Ukrainian SSR. In January 2019, it was announced that Kharitonov was diagnosed with stomach cancer. He died on 23 June 2019 in Moscow, at the age of 59.

## References
## Other websites
*
Zealandia

, Fiji, and Vanuatu are not believed to be part of the continent]]

**Zealandia**, also known as **Te Riu-a-Māui** or **Tasmantis**, is an almost entirely underwater continent, which sank after separating from Australia 60–85 million years ago and from Antarctica 130–85 million years ago. It was underwater about 23 million years ago, and most of it is sunken (over 93%) under the Pacific Ocean.

The continent of Zealandia has an area of 3.5 million km2, is larger than Greenland or India, and almost half the size of Australia. It is very long and narrow, from New Caledonia in the north and south beyond the sub-Antarctic Islands of New Zealand in the south. New Zealand is the largest part of Zealandia that is above sea level, followed by New Caledonia.
Zdeněk Remsa

**Zdeněk Remsa** (29 December 1928 – 22 June 2019) was a Czechoslovak ski jumper. He was born in Horní Branná. He competed at the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz.

Remsa died on 22 June 2019, at the age of 90.

## References
## Other websites
*Zdeněk Remsa at the International Olympic Committee
General Government

The **General Government** (GG, Polish: Generalne Gubernatorstwo) was a region in central Poland. This region was created by Nazi Germany in 1939 and declared semi-autonomous with local civil and military administration. The local authorities were staffed with Germans faithful to National Socialism. 

The German Invasion of Poland (1939) on September 1 triggered World War II. Germany conquered Poland in just 18 days.  In September 18, the Soviet Union, signatory party of the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact, also invaded Poland. Thus, Poland was divided into three main parts:

* The western part who was annexed directly in the Greater German Reich as Gau Wartheland.
* The eastern part was annexed by the Soviet Union. Unlike the territory taken by Germany, much of the occupied Polish territory remained in the Soviet Union after the war.
* The central part remained occupied by Germany. Hitler's decree of October 12, 1939, created the General Government.

At first, General Government was composed of four voivodeships of Poland: Warsaw, Radom, Lublin and Kraków. In August 1941, the General Government was enlarged, incorporating Galicia which was detached from the Soviet Union after Operation Barbarossa. Kraków was the capital. 

## References 
## Other websites 
* Poland under Nazist occupation, Northwestern University
Abdul Sattar (diplomat)

**Abdul Sattar** (&lrm;; 1931 – 23 June 2019) was a Pakistani political scientist, diplomat, author, foreign service officer and nuclear strategist. He first served as Foreign Minister of Pakistan from 1999 to 2002. Before this, he was Foreign Minister for a few months in 1993 and was Foreign Secretary from 1986 to 1988. He also served as ambassador to Austria and the Soviet Union.

Sattar died on 23 June 2019, at the age of 88.

## References
Frederick Andermann

**Frederick Andermann**  (September 26, 1930 – June 16, 2019) was a Canadian neurologist. He is most noted for his research of epilepsy. He was Professor and Professor Emeritus in the Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Pediatrics at McGill University. He helped describe Andermann syndrome, a very rare neurodegenerative genetic disorder, with his wife Eva. He was named an Officer of the Order of Canada in 2006. After his death, Andermann was called one of Canada's most  neurologists by McGill.

## Life
Andermann was born in what is now present-day Chernivtsi, Ukraine. He moved to Canada in 1950. He married his wife Eva in 1963. Andermann died on June 16, 2019 in Montreal, Quebec. He was 88.

## References
Se'are Mekonnen

'''Se'are Mekonnen''' (Geʽez: ሰዐረ መኮንን; died 22 June 2019) was an Ethiopian army officer. He rose to the rank of General. He was the Chief of Staff of the Ethiopian National Defense Force from 2018 until his assassination in 2019. Mekonnen was born in Tigray Region.

On 22 June 2019, Mekonnen was shot and killed during a coup d'état attempt.

## References
Estevan Bruins

The **Estevan Bruins** are a junior ice hockey team playing in the Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League (SJHL).

Work to get a team for Estevan began in 1956 and resulted in the Humboldt-Melfort Indians moving to Estevan for the 1957–58 season.

## References
## Other websites
* Estevan Bruins official website
Bombay Hindi

**Mumbai Hindi**, also known as **Mumbaiya Hindi**, **Bambaiyya**, **Mumbaiyya** or **Mumbai Hindi-Urdu**, is a variety of Hindi-Urdu, spoken in Mumbai (formerly Bombay), India. Bombay Hindi also incorporates words from Gujarati and Konkani.

## General 
Unlike the most local dialects which are used primarily in the metropolitan centres, Bombay Hindi is widely known throughout India, as a result of its frequent use in Bollywood movies. Initially, this dialect was used to represent crooks and uncouth characters. According to Shoma A. Chatterji, "Indian films have the unique quality of different characters speaking different varieties of Hindi according to their social status, their caste, communal identity, education, profession, financial status, etc. [...] The villain's goons, speak in a special vulgarised, Bambaiya Hindi concocted specifically to typify such screen characters in Hindi cinema.". A particular genre of movies, named Munnabhai, in which the lead characters - being members of the Mumbai criminal underworld - speak entirely in this dialect, helped to spread the dialect.

Despite this increase in popularity, there are people who criticize the use of this dialect. Sometimes, Mumbaiya are seen as being disrespectful and demeaning.

Some neologisms which originated in Bambaiya Hindi have spread throughout India. Some examples are the words  (a compound word, constituted from the Marathi words Bin and Dhast = Without Fear. Bindaas means 'relaxed' and this word was incorporated into the Oxford English Dictionary in 2005) and Gandhigiri (invented in the movie *Lage Raho Munna Bhai*, a portmanteau of Gandhi and *-giri*, which is similar to the English 'ism' (as in Gandhi-ism), though slightly more informal).

Thanks to Bollywood, some Marathi words, such as Thaska, Wakda, Porgi, Navri, Navrai, Kombdi, and Mulga/Mulgi, have been incorporated in Hindi vocabulary. Many Hindi songs have some Marathi words added.

## References
Gunther Kress

**Gunther Rolf Kress**  (03 March 1940 – 20 June 2019) was an Australian semiotician working at a British University. Kress was born in Germany and trained as a linguist in Australia. He was Professor of Semiotics and Education at the Institute of Education, University of London. Kress named a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in 2012.

Kress died in Rome on 20 June 2019 of heart failure. He was 79.

## References
Primary election

A **primary election** is an election in which people in a political party can choose their party's candidate for a future general election.

They are used in many places in the world. It started in the United States during the progressive movement. People tried to take the power of picking a candidate away from party leaders.

## Types
### General
There are two general types of primary elections: 
**Closed primary*, where only people in the party can vote.
* *Open primary*, where anyone can vote in the primary.

## References
State legislature (United States)

A **state legislature** in the United States is the legislature of any of the 50 U.S. states.

## What is in them
Every state legislature (except Nebraska's) is bicameral. This means that they have an upper house and a lower house. They are similar to the United States Congress in what they look like.

## What they do
State legislatures do similar things as the U.S. Congress does, only for each state.

State legislatures have the power to ratify an amendment of the United States Constitution. 
## History 
The first American legislature was created in 1619 by the Virginia House of Burgesses.

## References
## Other websites
* National Conference of State Legislatures
* Women in State Legislatures
Pavel Chihaia

**Pavel Chihaia** (23 April 1922 – 18 June 2019) was a Romanian novelist. He was born in Corabia. His first novel, *Blocada* (*The Blockade*), was published in 1947. The novel was released before communist rule in Romania, and was part of an anti-communist organisation. In 1978, he left Romania to live in German city of Munich.

Chihaia died on 18 June 2019 in Munich, at the age of 97.

## References
Kansas Legislature

The **Kansas Legislature** is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Kansas. It is a bicameral legislature. It has the lower Kansas House of Representatives and the upper Kansas Senate. There are 125 state representatives and 40 state senators. Representatives are elected for two-year terms, senators for four-year terms. 

They have a session every year.

## References
## Other websites
*The Kansas Legislature
*Kansas Legislative Procedure Manual 
*Kansas House and Senate Journals, 1913-1955 (KGI Online Library)