open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Mussaurus

* fern]]

***Mussaurus*** (meaning "mouse lizard") was an early, plant-eating prosauropod dinosaur from the Upper Triassic, about 215 million years ago.  It was found in southern Argentina. It gets its name from the small size of the skeletons first discovered.
They were large-eyed hatchlings (babies), only 9-16 inches long (18-37 cm); these are the smallest dinosaur skeletons yet found.

However, *Mussaurus* is now known from adult specimens. the name is something of a misnomer; adults possibly reached 3&nbsp;m (10&nbsp;ft) in length, and weighed . *Mussaurus'' possesses anatomical features suggesting a close, possibly transitional evolutionary relationship with true sauropods.

## References
Michael Portillo

**Michael Denzil Xavier Portillo** (born 26 May 1953) is a British television presenter and former Conservative Party politician. 

Michael Portillo was born in Bushey, Hertfordshire, to a Scottish mother and Spanish father.

Portillo first became a Member of Parliament (MP) in a by-election in 1984, representing the constituency of Enfield Southgate. He very much liked Margaret Thatchers policies and was quite Eurosceptic, meaning that he was against the European Union. He became a cabinet member in 1992, holding the following positions: Chief Secretary to the Treasury (April 1992 - July 1994), Secretary of State for Employment (July 1994 - July 1995) and Defence Secretary (July 1995 - May 1997). Many people thought he would try to become the leader of the Conservative Party in 1995 but he chose to stay loyal to John Major. At the 1997 General Election, Portillo lost his seat in the House of Commons to the Labour Party.

Portillo returned to the House of Commons after winning a by-election in 1999 for the constituency of Kensington and Chelsea. He then started to re-think many of his ideas and began to argue for a more socially liberal Conservative Party. He became the Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer in February 2000 but he did not have a good relationship with party leader William Hague. He was a candidate in the 2001 Conservative Party leadership contest; he lost to Iain Duncan Smith. Portillo left the House of Commons at the 2005 General Election and has since hosted several television and radio programmes.

## Other websites 
*
Superman (video game)

***Superman*** (also incorrectly known as **Superman 64**) is a 1999 video game for the Nintendo 64, where the player controls Superman, a fictional superhero. Superman must save his friends from Lex Luthor, his archenemy. Most of the game is spent flying through rings. The game has received very negative reviews from critics and has been stated as "one of the worst games of all time" for "lame" weapons in the non-ring levels, overcomplicated controls, and bad graphics.

## Gameplay
The player assumes the role of Superman who is challenged to complete many tasks and puzzles throughout the 14 levels in the game. Most of the levels in the game are restricted to two types of gameplay; in some levels, referred to as *Ride Levels* in the game's instruction manual, Superman is instructed to fly through a series of hoops by Lex Luthor; in between, he is also tasked to perform certain feats such as battling Luthor's minions, the Dark Shadows, and rescuing civilians from natural or artificial disasters, firstly stopping two cars from trapping civilians.

In other levels, referred to as *Maze Levels* in the game's instruction manual, Superman has found one of his friends from within one of Luthor's outposts, and must escape with them and defeat a boss. These levels are generally more rooted in action-adventure, and make great use of puzzle-solving. The game's "virtual Metropolis" in which these stages take place is filled with what the developers called "Kryptonite fog" in an apparent effort by Lex Luthor to diminish Superman's abilities (which is actually distance fog and is used as a technique to mask the game's poor draw distance).

The game also includes two multi-player modes (a racing mode and a battle mode) that can be played with up to four people. In the battle mode, players must defeat their opponents by throwing various weapons and items at them. In the racing mode, players control a spaceship and rings shoot from the backside of one opponent.

## Development
*Superman* was originally shown at the E3 in 1997. In interview before the game was released, Eric Caen, co-founder of Titus Software, stated they were attempting to create the first "super hero" based video game where players really behave as a super hero. After the N64 version's negative response, Titus decided to completely redesign *Superman* for the PlayStation. Unfortunately, Titus lost the rights from the Warner Bros. for the Superman License, resulting in its cancellation in 1999. Given an exclusive look at the game, playstationmuseum.com stated that they had expected the worst, but they were pleasantly surprised by the "high quality graphics and animation" and awarded the game a rating of 90%.

## References
Delisle scale

The **Delisle scale** is a scale to measure temperature. It was introduced by French astronomer Joseph-Nicolas Delisle in 1732. Delisle used a thermometer that worked with Mercury. The unit is abbreviated "De" or "D". 0°De is equal to the boiling point of water under normal pressure. Delisle then measured the volume change of the mercury. At the start, the Delisle scale had 2400 degrees. Josias Weitbrecht recalibrated the theromometer in 1738, so that the melting point of ice was taken into account. Ice melts at 150°De. 

The Deslile scale counts downwards, from the boiling point to the melting point. It was widely used in Russia in the 19th century.
Wandering albatross

The **wandering albatross** is a large seabird of the family Diomedeidae. It is also called the snowy albatross or white-winged albatross. It is the largest member of the genus *Diomedea* (the great albatrosses) and has the largest wingspan of any living bird. It can have a wing-span of up to 11.5 feet (3.50 m).  The IUCN says it is a vulnerable species.

## Behavior 
Wandering albatross live together when breeding, which they do once every two years. and adult mortality is only 5 to 7% a year (this is very low for birds). They feed at night on cephalopods, small fish, and crustaceans

## References 
## Other websites
*
*BirdLife Species Factsheet. 
* Wandering Albatross videos, photos & sounds  on the Internet Bird Collection
* Holotypes of Wandering Albatross subspecies in the collection of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa 
* South Georgia albatross slide show
Afrovenator

***Afrovenator*** was a theropod dinosaur from the  Middle Jurassic of northern Africa. It was a bipedal meat-eating predator with long bladelike teeth.  Fossils have been found in Abaka, Niger in the southern Sahara desert. A nearly complete *Afrovenator* was found in 1993. It is one of the most complete dinosaurs found in Africa so far. 

The rocks where it was found were redescribed as "mid-Jurassic" after the discovery had been announced.

It is in a group of theropods which are known as the Megalosaurs.

## References
Hypobromous acid

**Hypobromous acid** is a chemical compound. It is also an acid. Its chemical formula is HBrO. It contains hydrogen and hypobromite ions. It is a weak and unstable acid. It is similar to hypochlorous acid. It disproportionates into bromate and bromide when heated or left to dry. It is made when bromine is added to warm water. It can kill many bacteria and deodorize. It works very well when it is with hypochlorous acid. 

## Related pages
*Bromous acid
*Bromic acid
*Perbromic acid
Bromous acid

**Bromous acid** is a chemical compound. It is an acid. Its chemical formula is HBrO2. It contains hydrogen and bromite ions. It contains bromine in its +3 oxidation state.

## Properties
It can be made by oxidizing hypobromous acid with hypochlorous acid. It can also be made by careful disproportionation of hypobromous acid. It can also be made by reacting hypobromous acid and bromic acid. They can be used to reduce permanganates to manganates. 

## Related pages
*Perbromic acid
*Hydrobromic acid
Bromite

**Bromite** is an ion. Its chemical formula is BrO2-. It is made by reacting bromous acid with a base. They easily disproportionate to bromates and bromides.  

## Related pages
*Perbromate
*Bromate
*Hypobromite
Perbromate

**Perbromate** is an ion. Its chemical formula is BrO4-. It contains bromine in its +7 oxidation state. It is a strong oxidizing agent. It is very unstable and turns into bromate and oxygen easily. It was first made by decay of a radioactive selenate. Later it was gotten by electrolysis of a bromate. It can also be made by oxidation of bromate with fluorine or xenon difluoride. 

## Related pages
*Bromite
*Hypobromite
Perbromic acid

**Perbromic acid** is a chemical compound. It is an acid. Its chemical formula is HBrO4. It contains hydrogen and perbromate ions.

Perbromic acid is a very unstable acid. It easily breaks down. It can be made by reacting perbromates with an acid. It releases oxygen and turns into bromic acid. It can also totally break down, releasing bromine gas.

## Related pages
*Bromous acid
*Hypobromous acid
Bromate

**Bromate** is an ion. Its chemical formula is BrO3-. It contains bromine in its +5 oxidation state. It is more common than hypobromites, perbromates, and bromites. Sodium bromate is an example. Bromates are strong oxidizing agents.

Bromates are made by reacting bromides with ozone. They can also be made by electrolysis of a hot bromide solution. Chlorine dioxide can react with bromide when in sunlight to make bromate. Bromates can be made by reacting potassium hydroxide with bromine. This makes bromide and bromate. Bromates can be made by reacting bromic acid with a base.

It might be a carcinogen. It is made when bromide is in water and reacted with ozone or chlorine. Sometimes water with too much bromate has to be gotten rid of.

## Related pages
*Bromous acid
Constructivism

**Constructivism** was an artistic and architectural movement that originated in Russia from 1913 by Vladimir Tatlin onward which rejected the idea of ''art for art's sake* in favour of art for social purposes. It heavily influenced graphic and industrial designers. 

Constructivism as an active force lasted until around 1934, having a great deal of effect on the art of the Weimar Republic and elsewhere, before being replaced by Socialist Realism. Its motifs have sporadically recurred in other art movements since.

|*Spatial Construction #12'': plywood, open construction partially painted with aluminum paint, and wire, by Alexander Rodchenko, 1920.
File:Naum Gabo Fountain.jpg|Sculpture/fountain by Naum Gabo at Guy's and St Thomas's Hospital, London
File:Rotterdam kunstwerk gestileerde bloem detail1.jpg|Naum Gabo sculpture, Rotterdam
Pablo Ruiz (singer)

**Pablo Maximiliano Miguel Coronel Vidoz**, also known as **Pablito Ruiz** and **Pablo Ruiz**, born on 4 May 1975 in Buenos Aires, Argentina, is an Argentine singer, actor and dancer. His musical career began at age 10.

## Discography 
### Studio albums 
* *Pablo Ruiz* (released 1985)
* *Un ángel* (1988)
* *Océano* (1989)
* *Espejos azules* (1990)
* *Irresistible* (1992)
* *60/90* (1994)
* *Aire* (1997)
* ''Was it something that I didn't say?* (1999)
* *Jamás* (2001)
* *Necesito tus besos* (2003)
* *Demasiado tarde* (2005)
* *Renacer'' (2009)

## References
## Other websites
Official Website
Hypobromite

**Hypobromite** is an ion. Its chemical formula is . It contains bromine in its +1 oxidation state. It is an oxidizing agent. It is similar to hypochlorite. Hypobromites are the salts of hypobromous acid. Hypobromite is a disinfectant. Some white blood cells oxidize bromide to hypobromite with peroxide and use the hypobromite to kill germs. Bromides can be added to pools along with chlorine to make hypobromite, which disinfects the pools.

Hypobromites are made by dissolving bromine in a basic solution. Hypobromite disproportionates to bromate and bromide when heated.

## Related pages
*Bromite
*Perbromate
Computer rage

**Computer rage** is a heightened physiological response with associated feelings of anger and frustration resulting from using a computer or other complex electronic device. 
It may result in the physical assault of the computer or similar item, possibly leading to the device incurring more damage than it had before.

## Manifestation and causes
Computer rage may manifest itself in verbal abuse and occasionally physical violence towards the object, in some cases violent actions towards the hardware itself, usually either thumping the keyboard, shaking the monitor or banging the mouse on the table/desk. In online interactions, enraged persons may flame and abuse other users, shouting at them through headsets, sending rude messages, or rage quit (exiting a game prematurely out of anger). 

Computer rage may be caused by distress due to a hardware or software problem which the enraged person is unable to correct. Persons may bang or kick the computer in an attempt to get it to function normally, though this action carries the distinct risk of destroying the computer's hard disk drive via a head crash. Another common occurrence of computer rage is whilst playing computer games, mainly first-person shooters and mmorpgs. Computer rage is normally induced when a gamer either fails an objective or is killed repeatedly.

Tech support personnel and systems administrators may be subjected to customer's anger at a malfunctioning system, commonly including the aforementioned verbal abuse.

## Related pages
*Air rage
*Mouse rage
*Road rage
*Technostress
*Trolley rage
*Wrap rage

## References 
## Other websites
*www.computer-rage.org  by Kent Norman
*Survey on Computer Rage  by the Laboratory for Automation Psychology
Interhalogen

An **interhalogen** is a chemical compound. It is made by two halogens reacting with each other. Normally interhalogens are quite toxic and reactive. An example would be chlorine trifluoride or bromine monochloride.

## Uses 
Interhalogens are strong oxidizers. They are also used to add halogen atoms to other molecules (halogenation).
Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen

'''Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen''' is the German title of “the medicinal plants of Kohler” - the atlas of medicinal plants with the illustrations and the brief explanations, one of the most known reference books on the medicinal plants of the end of the 19th Century.

Complete title of atlas in the German language - “Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen naturgetreuen Abbildungen mit kurz erläuterndem Texte. Atlas zur pharmacopoea germanica, austriaca, belgica, danica, helvetica, hungarica, rossica, suecica, Neerlandica, British pharmacopoeia, zum Codex medicamentarius, sowie zur Pharmacopoeia of the United States of America”.

The three-volume publication was published by the publishing house Franz Kohler (Ger. Franz Eugen Köhler) “Gera-Untermhaus” at Gero in 1887.

In three volumes of atlas containing a four hundred colored botanical illustrations of medicinal plants. Together with the images of plants, the atlas includes detailed botanical descriptions and information about the medical effectiveness of these plants (Herbalism). High-quality chromolithographies accurately transfer to the component of plants and reflect the characteristic features of the corresponding forms. It is considered that this book - better meets the botanical illustrations of medicinal plants.

The publisher of reference book Franz Koehler was not the author or the illustrator of this work. Artist- illustrators - Müeller C.F. Schmidt, lithograph - K. Gunther. The first two volumes of publication were prepared with the participation of German botanist Gustav Pabst.

The fourth volume, initially outlined for the release, never was published. Later in the USA was published the analogous book, they sometimes identify it with the fourth volume.

## Other websites
*Alphabetical list
Evil empire

, 1983]]
The "Evil Empire" is a term which was used by the US president Ronald Reagan (1911-2004). It is a synonym for the Soviet Empire, which consists of the "republics" of the Soviet Union and the "Council for Mutual Economic Assistance" (Comecon). Members of this "council" were satellite states, which where formally independent, but always controlled into the right direction by the Soviet Union with military, if they considered it as necessary.

The first known usage of the term "Evil Empire" was in one of Reagan's speeches at 1983. He proposes to continue the endless war between good and evil. This emphasizes that you need both sides to agree for an nuclear freeze. If only the US reduced their nuclear weapons, it "would be a very dangerous fraud, for that is merely the illusion of peace". In contrast to this illusion he stands for the reality. This means for him "peace through strength".

## Online source 
* "President Reagan's Speech Before the National Association of Evangelicals," The Reagan Information Page, March 8, 1983.
Lower Austria

**Lower Austria** (German: *Niederösterreich*, East Central Austro-Bavarian: *Niedaestareich*) is a state of Austria. It is in the northeast of the country. It is the biggest state by area, the second biggest by population, and also the historical core of Austria.

Nearly 1.7 million people are living in Lower Austria on an area of about 19,000 km².

Sankt Pölten has been the capital since 1986, before this was Vienna. Sankt Pölten is also the biggest city of the state, followed by Wiener Neustadt.

It borders to the following other states of Austria: in the west to Upper Austria, in the south to Styria, and in the southeast to Burgenland. The city/state of Vienna lies in the middle of Lower Austria.

It has also borders with other countries: in the north the Czech Republic and in the east Slovakia.

The Danube River flows through Lower Austria, dividing the state in a northern part (the regions of *Waldviertel* and *Weinviertel*) and a southern part (the regions of *Mostviertel* and *Industrieviertel*). These regions are divided into 21 districts and contain 573 towns.

The northern part has many hills. Those in the Waldviertel belong to the ridge of Manhartsberg (part of the Bohemian Massif), and those in the Weinviertel are spurs of the Carpathian Mountains.
The southern part is more mountainous with spurs of the Alps, like the Styrian-Lower Austrian Limestone Alps and the Vienna Woods (*Wienerwald*). Highest summit is the Schneeberg at 2,076 m.

Lower Austria is very rural, 42% is agricultural and 40% is wooded. Winegrowing can especially be found in the areas/regions of Wachau, Weinviertel and Thermenregion.

About 80% of the population is Roman Catholic.

## Politics 
Seats taken in the Lower Austrian Parliament (56) since the elections of 2013:
* ÖVP - 30 
* SPÖ - 13
* Team Stronach - 5
* FPÖ - 4
* GRÜNE - 4

Lower Austria is governed by a coalition of ÖVP and SPÖ. Governor has been Johanna Mikl-Leitner (ÖVP) since April 2017.

 valley with the Danube River]]
Werner Faymann

**Werner Faymann** (born 4 May 1960 in Vienna) is an Austrian politician. He belongs to the Social Democratic Party of Austria.

He was transport, innovation and technology minister from 2007 to 2008.

His party won the elections of the National Assembly in 2008. As a result he was the Federal Chancellor of Austria from 2008 to 2016. He was succeeded by Christian Kern.

## References
## Other websites
*Homepage of the Austrian Chancellor
Chlorine trifluoride

**Chlorine trifluoride** is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is ClF3. It contains chlorine and fluoride ions. The chlorine is in its +3 oxidation state.

## Properties
Chlorine trifluoride is a colorless gas, but it can be compressed to a light yellow liquid. Chlorine trifluoride is normally sold compressed. It is an interhalogen, and is very reactive. It can burn plastics, sand, skin, hydrogen sulfide, metals, phosphorus, and sulfur. Since it is a much stronger oxidizing agent than oxygen, it can burn things that normally can't burn, like concrete or sand. It reacts with water very violently to make hydrofluoric acid and hydrochloric acid. It can ignite glass after being in it for a while.

## Preparation
Chlorine trifluoride is made by reacting chlorine with fluorine. This makes other chlorine fluorides which have to be taken out.

## Uses
Chlorine trifluoride is used to make uranium hexafluoride by reacting it with uranium metal. It was looked at as a rocket propellant. It was also looked at as a poison gas. It is too difficult to make and store, though. Chlorine trifluoride can be used to clean areas where semiconductors are made.

## Safety
Chlorine trifluoride is extremely toxic and dangerous. It is one of the most dangerous chemicals there is. It can catch many things on fire, including things that are usually non-flammable, such as asbestos, concrete, and glass. The fires are almost impossible to put out. It reacts with most things.

## Related pages
Chlorine pentafluorideChlorine monofluorideChlorine dioxideBromine trifluorideIodine trifluoride.

## References
Nicola Sturgeon

**Nicola Ferguson Sturgeon** (born 19 July 1970 in Irvine, Scotland) is a Scottish politician. On 20 November 2014, she became the 5th First Minister of Scotland. She became the leader of the Scottish National Party on 14 November 2014. She was previously the Deputy First Minister of Scotland, Cabinet Secretary for Health and Wellbeing, and Deputy Leader of the Scottish National Party (SNP). She is a Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for Glasgow Govan.

Nicola Sturgeon studied at the University of Glasgow and attempted to become a Member of Parliament at the 1992 and 1997 General Elections. In 1999, she became an MSP representing the Glasgow region. She became the Deputy Leader of the Scottish National Party in 2004 and because Alex Salmond was still an MP, she was the SNP's leader in the Scottish Parliament until the 2007 Scottish Parliament election. At the 2007 election, Nicola Sturgeon became the MSP for Glasgow Govan and her party formed a minority government with Alex Salmond as First Minister.

On 20 November 2014, Nicola Sturgeon became First Minister of Scotland, succeeding Alex Salmond, who had resigned after defeat in the Scottish independence referendum. She is the first woman to hold this position.

Sturgeon lives in Glasgow, with her husband Peter Murrell.

In March 2023, Sturgeon resigned as First Minister and was succeeded by Humza Yousaf. She said that her resignation was because of the emotional toll the role took on her and for the false internet rumours about her sexuality and personal life.

## References
## Other websites
*Nicola Sturgeon's page at the Scottish Parliament Website
*Biography of Nicola Sturgeon on SNP website
Social Democratic and Labour Party

The **Social Democratic and Labour Party** or **SDLP** is a centre-left political party in Northern Ireland. Its policies promote social democracy and the idea that Northern Ireland should leave the United Kingdom and join with the Republic of Ireland. Its leader is Colum Eastwood and currently it has none of the Northern Ireland seats in the UK parliament, however it has 8 out of 90 seats in the Northern Ireland Assembly making it the 5th largest party in the assembly .

The party rejected violence during the Troubles and was the most successful nationalist party during the 1980s and 1990s.

## Sources
Windows Narrator

***Windows Narrator*** is a tool for the visually impaired. The user has four options to customize their  experience.

## Purpose
The tool reads text, message boxes, and mimics user typing. The voice, pitch, and speed can all be tailored to the user's preferences.

## Other tools
### Microsoft Windows Speech Recognition
## Related pages
* Narrator
* Microsoft Windows Speech Recognition

## References
## Other websites
* Windows Official Site
Nick Young

**Nick Young** (born June 1, 1985 in Los Angeles, California) is an American basketball player that currently plays for the Denver Nuggets of the NBA. He was selected by the Washington Wizards with the 16th pick in the 1st round of the 2007 NBA draft. Young played four seasons with the Wizards before being traded to the Los Angeles Clippers for a future second-round pick on March 15th, 2012. He went to University of Southern California for college and played basketball with the USC Trojans.

## References
## Other websites
*Nick Young's NBA profile
Sunny (Korean singer)

**Sunny** (born **Susan Soonkyu Lee** on May 15, 1989) is an American singer based in South Korea. She is also a radio DJ, music show host, and member of the Korean girl group Girls' Generation and of its sub-unit Girls' Generation-Oh!GG under the label SM Entertainment.

￼She has white hair
Tiffany Young

**Stephanie Young Hwang** (Korean name: **Hwang Mi-young**; Hangul: 황미영; Hanja: 黃美英; born August 1, 1989) is an American singer and dancer. She is known by her stage name **Tiffany** or **Tiffany Young**. She was born in California and moved to South Korea at the age of fifteen to start a music career. She is a member of the girl group Girls' Generation and of its sub-unit Girls' Generation-TTS.

## Controversies 
On August 15th, 2016, she was heavily criticized by Korean social media because she posted a Confederate Japanese flag on the Korean Liberation Day.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*  by S.M. Entertainment
Kwon Yu-ri

**Kwon Yu-ri** (born December 5, 1989) is a South Korean singer-songwriter, actress, model, and dancer. She is also known by her stage name **Yuri**. She is a member of Girls' Generation and of its sub-unit Girls' Generation-Oh!GG under the label SM Entertainment.
Tsonga language

**Tsonga** is a language of Bantu origin spoken primarily in South Africa and Mozambique. It is also known as Changana or Xangana.

## Text example 
The '''Lord's Prayer''' written in Tsonga:

:Tata wa hina la nge matilweni,
:vito ra wena a ri hlawuleke;
:a ku te ku fuma ka wena;
:ku rhandza ka wena a ku endliwe misaveni,
:tanihi loko ku endliwa tilweni.
:U hi nyika namuntlha vuswa bya hina bya siku rin'wana ni rin'wana;
:u hi rivalela swidyoho swa hina,
:tanihi loko na hina hi rivalela lava hi dyohelaka;
:u nga hi yisi emiringweni,
:kambe u hi ponisa eka Lowo biha,
:Amen.

## References
Im Yoon-ah

**Im Yoon-ah** (born May 30, 1990), commonly known as **YoonA** (윤아/潤娥), is a South Korean singer and actress. She is a member of Girls' Generation and of its sub-unit Girls' Generation-Oh!GG under the label SM Entertainment.
Choi Soo-young

**Choi Soo-young** (; Hanja: ; Japanese: チェ・スヨン also known as **Sooyoung Choi** or **Summer Choi**; born February 10, 1990) is a South Korean singer-songwriter, actress and TV presenter. She is a former member of the Korean-Japanese duo group Route θ and a current member of the South Korean girl group Girls' Generation. Sooyoung is the only Asian woman in ''Complex's'' Hottest '90s Babies.

## Discography 
### Studio albums 
* *Pink* (March 10th, 2026)

## References
Seohyun

**Seo Ju-hyun** (born June 28, 1991 in Seoul) is a South Korean singer and actress. She is known by her Stage name **Seohyun**. She is a member of the girl group Girls' Generation and of its sub-unit Girls' Generation-TTS, but later become a solo artist. She sings K-pop, R&B, soul and jazz music. She is also a dancer.

## Discography
### Studio albums
* *GOLD* (May 14th, 2026)

### EP albums
* ''Don't Say No'' (Jan 17th, 2017)

## Notes and references
Year 10,000 problem

The **Year 10,000 problem** (also known as the **Y10K problem**, **Y10K Bug**, and **Y10K**) is an error machines and computers will encounter when they need to express five digits for a year.

## Cultural practicing
Some people practice the art of cutting the last two digits of a decade. For example, the "1970's" becomes just the "70s".
However, this becomes a problem, because to keep order, one will now need to take the last **three** digits, rather than two.

## Computer Errors due to this 
This is also a problem because the "000's" might be confused with the standard digits "00's", representing a new century. Also, the year can overflow with certain computer programs. For example: in Microsoft Excel, **12/31/9999** is considered a valid date, but **1/1/10000** is invalid and will raise errors. The date "ten thousand" is unable to be supported, producing a large negative instead.

## Efforts
So far, the Long Now Foundation is able to preempt the Y10K by adding a "0" in front of the date. So the current year of , will look like 0. However, it would still be affected by the "Y100K" problem, the "Y1000K" problem, "Y10000K" Problem, etc.

## Database Errors 
In MySQL  databases, the values of some datatypes are limited to the scope of only 31-12-9999 which causes some problems as the computer would not be able to compile the data in the SQL. Many other SQL software can also be affected by this error.

## Comma Errors 
Another possible error in the computer display of the year ten thousand is the possible use of commas in between the third and fourth digit. To avoid confusion with years such as "1000", a comma may be added to display such year as 10,000.  Today, due to the low likelihood of a year such as "2000" being confused with "200", commas are rarely used. "When [the year is] embedded in a date, [it is] plenty easy to discern from context. " 

## Related pages 
* Year 2000 problem
* Integer overflow

## References
## Other websites 
* Official Long Now Site
Araucaria

***Araucaria*** is a genus of evergreen coniferous trees in the family Araucariaceae. There are 19 species in the genus, with a scattered distribution in the southern continents. They are found in New Caledonia (where 13 species are endemic), Norfolk Island, eastern Australia, New Guinea, Argentina, Chile, and southern Brazil.

The present populations are relicts, and of restricted distribution. They are found in forest and shrubland, in exposed sites. These tall trees are living fossils, dating back to early in the Mesozoic era. 

Fossil records show that the genus also formerly occurred in the northern hemisphere until the end of the Cretaceous period. By far the greatest diversity exists in New Caledonia, due to the island's long isolation and stability.

## Description 
*Araucaria* are mainly large trees with a massive erect stem, reaching a height of 30–80 m (16–262 ft). The horizontal, spreading branches grow in whorls and are covered with leathery or needle-like leaves. In some species, the leaves are narrow and shaped like a lance, barely overlapping each other, in others they are broad and flat, and overlap broadly.

*Aurucaria* reproduces by seed cones.

## Fossil record 
The whole group was common in the Jurassic period. The living *Araucaria araucana* is often called the **monkey-puzzle tree**. The whole family **Araucariaceae** is often called that name by palaeobotanists. The leaves (shown here) have an average life of 24 years, and cover most of the tree except for the older branches.

## References
Agathis

***Agathis*** is a genus of evergreen, coniferous trees, the kauri. They grow mainly in the southern hemisphere, including southeast Asia, areas of the western Pacific, and Australasia.

*Agathis* is a relatively small genus, with only 21 known species. As a conifer, it bears its seeds in conifer cones. Mature *Agathis* can become quite large, reaching 130 feet (about 40 m) in height and 10 feet (about 3 m) in diameter.

The genus is part of the ancient Araucariaceae family of conifers, a group once widespread during the Jurassic period, but now largely restricted to the southern hemisphere.

## Description 
Mature kauri trees have large trunks, forming a bole with little or no branching below the crown. In contrast, young trees are normally conical in shape, forming a more rounded or irregularly shaped crown as they mature.

## Uses 
In the logging industry it is generally referred to as commercial grade mahogany. Timber from the *Agathis* has several uses, including cabinet making, boat building, musical instruments, and in years past, artificial limbs. It also produces a wide variety of resins.

## Species 
## References
Kim Hyo-yeon

**Kim Hyo-yeon** (born September 22, 1989), better known by her stage name **Hyoyeon**, is a South Korean singer, dancer, rapper, DJ and entertainer. She is a soloist, but she is also a member of the South Korean girl group Girls' Generation, of its sub-unit Girls' Generation-Oh!GG and of the supergroup GOT the beat, all under the label SM Entertainment.

She is often called "Dancing Queen" due to her dance skills.
Dryptosaurus

***Dryptosaurus*** ("tearing lizard") was a theropod dinosaur of the Tyrannosauroidea type. It was found in Upper Cretaceous strata of Eastern North America. It was formerly known as *Laelaps*.

It was given its name because it had 8-inch (21-cm) long finger claws. Fossils have been found in New Jersey. It is known only from a partial skeleton.

## References
The Final Frontier

***The Final Frontier*** is an album by Iron Maiden.  It was announced on 4 March 2010, along a concert tour.

It was recorded in The Bahamas and produced by Kevin Shirley. The album began being sold on 17 August 2010.

It sold very well, being the most popular album in 21 countries when it went on sale, as well as being one of the top five most popular albums in eight other countries.

## Musicians
* Bruce Dickinson - vocals
* Janick Gers - guitar
* Steve Harris - bass guitar
* Nicko McBrain - percussion
* Dave Murray - guitar
* Adrian Smith - guitar

## Track listing
## References
Gion Festival

The **Gion Festival** or **Gion Matsuri** is a festival held every year in Kyoto in July. The festival is held at Yasaka shrine.

## Related pages 
* Gion worship

## Other websites
Ibaraki Prefecture

is a prefecture in the Kantō region of Japan on the island of Honshu. The capital is Mito.

## History
In 1871, Ibaraki Prefecture was created from Hitachi Province.

## Geography
Ibaraki Prefecture is the northeastern part of Kantō. It is between Tochigi Prefecture and the Pacific Ocean. Fukushima Prefecture is its neighbor to the north and Chiba Prefecture is to the south. Saitama Prefecture is to the southwest. There are many mountains in the northern part of the prefecture. The rest of the prefecture is a flat plain with many lakes.

### Cities
There are thirty-two cities in Ibaraki Prefecture:

### Towns and villages
Towns and villages in each district:

### National Parks
National Parks are established in about 15% of the total land area of the prefecture.

## Shrines and Temples
*Kashima jinja* are the chief Shinto shrines (*ichinomiya*) in the prefecture.  

## Related pages
* Provinces of Japan
* Prefectures of Japan
* List of regions of Japan
* List of islands of Japan
* Kashima Antlers
* Mito Hollyhock

## References
Aomori Prefecture

is a prefecture in the Tōhoku region of Japan on the island of Honshu. The capital city is Aomori.

## History 
Until the Meiji Restoration, the lands of Aomori prefecture were part of Mutsu Province.

## Geography 
Aomori Prefecture is the northernmost prefecture on Honshū.  The prefecture faces Hokkaidō across the Tsugaru Strait. It shares its southern border with Akita Prefecture and Iwate Prefecture.
 
### Cities
There are ten cities in Aomori Prefecture:

### National Parks
National Parks are established in about 12% of the total land area of the prefecture, including
* Towada-Hachimantai National Park

## Shrines and Temples
*Tsutsukowake jinja* is the chief Shinto shrine (*ichinomiya*) in the prefecture.

## Related pages
* Provinces of Japan
* Prefectures of Japan
* List of regions of Japan
* List of islands of Japan

## References
## Other websites 
*Aomori Prefecture website ;
Tammar wallaby

The **tammar wallaby** (*Macropus eugenii*) is a small species of wallaby from Australia. They were the first macropods to be seen by Europeans. Francisco Pelsaert, captain of the Batavia, saw them when the ship was wrecked on the Abrolhos Islands in 1629. He said they looked like hopping cats. There are three sub-species of tammar wallaby:
**M. e. eugenii* from mainland South Australia. 
**M. e. derbianus* from Western Australia.
**M. e. decres*, the darma or dama wallaby, from Kangaroo Island, South Australia.

The name tammar comes from the word *tamma*, meaning sheoak. The wallaby lives under sheoak plants.

Tammar wallabies became extinct on mainland South Australia in the 1930's.  Extinction has been caused by habitat destruction, hunting, and foxes.  In 1998 a small population of South Australian wallabies was found living on Kawau Island near Auckland, in New Zealand. 85 wallabies were taken back to South Australia. After extensive fox controls at Innes National Park, 10 wallabies were released in November 2004. They eat mainly grass and herbs. They range over an area of about .

They are about  in height, with a dark grey brown fur. They have reddish colour on their arms and sides, with pale grey fur on their bellies. They may also have a feint white line on their cheeks.

The wallabies have a very unusual breeding pattern. The fertilized eggs remain dormant inside the mother until the summer solstice when foetal development restarts. This is called "embryonic diapause". All the young are born on the same day about 31 days later, at the end of January or the beginning of February.

The tammar wallaby is the marsupial chosen for the genome sequencing project. Scientists are studying the milk from the wallaby as they think it might contain a new and powerful antibiotic.

## References
Red Bull (disambiguation)

**Red Bull** can refer to:

* Red Bull, an energy drink
* Red Bull GmbH, the company that manufactures the energy drink
* Red Bull Records, independent record label owned by the energy drink company

## Sports teams owned by Red Bull GmbH
**In association football:**
* FC Red Bull Salzburg, a club based in Salzburg, Austria
** Red Bull Arena (Salzburg), a stadium, home of the FC Red Bull Salzburg
* New York Red Bulls, a team based near New York that competes in Major League Soccer
** Red Bull Arena (Harrison), a stadium, home of the New York Red Bulls
* RB Leipzig, a club based in Leipzig, Germany 
* Red Bull Brasil, a club based in São Paulo, Brazil 

**In auto racing:**
* Red Bull Racing, a Formula One team based in Milton Keynes, England
* Scuderia Toro Rosso (Italian translation of Red Bull Stable), a Formula One team based in Faenza, Italy. Scuderia Toro Rosso is a separate team from Red Bull Racing
* Team Red Bull, a NASCAR team

**In ice hockey:**
* EC Red Bull Salzburg, a member of the Austrian Hockey League who play their games in Salzburg, Austria

## Sponsored by Red Bull
* Red Bull Air Race World Series
* Red Bull Barako, a Philippine professional basketball team
* Red Bull Drifting World Championship, non-championship all-star drifting contest
* Red Bull Flugtag
* Red Bull Trolley Grand Prix
* Red Bull X-Fighters

## Unrelated to the energy drink
* Red Bull, a Schlitz Malt Liquor from Pabst Brewing Company
* Red Bull Theatre, a seventeenth century playhouse in London
* Red Bull (Imaginary Creature), an imaginary creature from the fantasy novel *The Last Unicorn* by Peter S. Beagle
* The 34th Infantry Division (United States), the "Red Bull" division in the United States National Guard with members from Minnesota and Iowa
* Red Bull Highway (Minnesota), a commemorative designation for Interstate 35 in Minnesota in honor of the 34th Infantry (Red Bull) Division
* Red Bull Highway (Iowa), a commemorative designation for U.S. Route 34 in Iowa in honor of the 34th Infantry (Red Bull) Division
Alliance Party of Northern Ireland

The **Alliance Party of Northern Ireland** is a liberal and non- political party in Northern Ireland. It is neutral on the issue of whether Northern Ireland should stay in or leave the United Kingdom. The party currently has 7 out of 90 seats in the Northern Ireland Assembly and 1 MP in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. Its current leader is Naomi Long.

The party was founded in 1970 and gained its first elected Member of Parliament (MP) at the 2010 UK General Election. It is close to the British Liberal Democrats.
Paddy Ashdown

**Jeremy John Durham** "**Paddy**" **Ashdown, Baron Ashdown of Norton-sub-Hamdon**  (27 February 1941 &ndash; 22 December 2018) was a British politician and international diplomat. He served as leader of the Liberal Democrats from July 1988 to August 1999.

## Biography 
Paddy Ashdown was born in New Delhi, British India, but was brought up in Northern Ireland and his Irish accent brought him the nickname "Paddy". He served in the Royal Marines from 1959 to 1972 and saw fighting in Borneo, Hong Kong and Northern Ireland. At the 1983 general election, Ashdown became the Liberal Party's Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of Yeovil.

In 1988, when the Social Democratic Party  into the Liberal Party as the Liberal Democrats, Ashdown was elected the leader of the Liberals and led the party through the 1992 and 1997 general elections. He resigned in 1999, and was given both a knighthood and a seat in the House of Lords. In the House of Lords, he was given the title Baron Ashdown of Norton-sub-Hamdon. From 2002 to 2006 he served as High  for Bosnia and Herzegovina.

His reputation was damaged slightly in 1992, when it was revealed that he had a five-month extra-marital affair with his secretary, and many British newspapers  this in great detail. *The Sun* newspaper ran a famous headline which played on Ashdown's name, calling him "Paddy Pants-Down".

Ashdown was diagnosed with "serious" bladder cancer in October 2018. He died two months later on 22 December 2018 from the disease in Norton-sub-Hamdon, Somerset, at the age of 77.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Jim Murphy

'''James Francis 'Jim' Murphy''' (born August 23, 1967 in Glasgow, Scotland) is a British politician. He was the leader of the Scottish Labour Party. He was the Labour Party Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of East Renfrewshire.

He was first made a Member of Parliament at the 1997 General Election for the Eastwood constituency. He has been the East Renfrewshire MP from 2005 onwards. He held two cabinet posts: Minister of State for Europe (June 2007-October 2008) and Secretary of State for Scotland (October 2008-May 2010). He was made the shadow Secretary of State for Defence in October 2010. He became the Shadow Secretary of State for International Development in 2013. He resigned from this job in November 2014 because he wanted to be the leader of the Scottish Labour Party.

On 13 December 2014 he became the leader of the Scottish Labour Party. Because he was an MP in theUK Parliament, the deputy leader of the Scottish Labour Party him in the Scottish Parliament. The deputy leader was Kezia Dugdale.

After the Scottish Labour Party's defeat in the 2015 general election (with Murphy himself losing his seat), Murphy resigned as party leader. 

## References
## Other websites
*Jim Murphy's website 
*Page at parliament.co.uk
Sadiq Khan

**Sadiq Aman Khan** (born 8 October 1970) is a British politician. He is the Mayor of London since 8 May 2016. He was the Shadow Justice Secretary in Ed Miliband's and Jeremy Corbyn's shadow cabinet. He was the Labour Party Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of Tooting.

Khan was born at St George’s Hospital in Tooting, London, to Pakistani parents on 8 October 1970. He grew up in Earlsfield, London.

Khan worked as a human rights solicitor until the 2005 General Election when he was elected as an MP. He became the Minister of State for Transport from June 2009 to May 2010 and when Ed Miliband became leader of the Labour Party, he was made the Shadow Justice Secretary.

Khan was chosen to be the Labour Party candidate in the 2016 London mayoral election. On 6 May 2016, Khan was elected to the office of mayor by winning 57% of the vote. He became the first Muslim to be elected mayor of a British capital city. He became mayor on 8 May.

## References
Islamic Azad University

**Islamic Azad University** (, *Dāneshgāh-e Āzād-e Eslāmi*) is a private university system based in Iran. The university was founded in 1982. It is the world's third largest university. 1.5 million students study there. The university has over 100 branches across Iran and also in other countries such as the emirate of Dubai and the United Kingdom. Over the years, the university has become richer. It is estimated to be worth between $20 and $25 billion.

## References
Ermine Street

**Ermine Street** is the name of one of the main Roman roads in Britain. It ran from London (*Londinium*) to Lincoln (*Lindum Colonia*) and York (*Eboracum*). The original Roman name for the road is not known. 

Ermine Street is also called the **Old North Road** from London to where it joins the A1 near Godmanchester.

The alternative route (in blue) was built to allow transport in all weather. The direct route crosses the River Humber, a tidal estuary of the rivers Trent and Ouse. In bad weather crossing would have been impossible. The Humber is too wide for the Romans to have built a bridge, therefore some kind of ferry must have been used.
Ann Widdecombe

**Ann Noreen Widdecombe** MEP (born 4 October 1947 in Bath, Somerset, England) is a British former politician. She was the Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of Maidstone and The Weald from 1987 to 2010.

## Early life
Widdecombe is the daughter of a Ministry of Defence civil servant James Murray Widdecombe and Rita N Plummer. She attended the Royal Navy School in Singapore, and a convent school in Bath. She then read Latin at Birmingham University and later attended Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, to read Philosophy, Politics and Economics (PPE). She worked for Unilever (1973–75).  She was then an administrator at the University of London (1975–87) before entering Parliament.

## Career
She was first elected to the House of Commons at the 1987 General Election. From 1995 to 1997, she was the Minister of State for Prisons. Ann Widdecombe served in William Hague's shadow cabinet from 1997 to 2001.  Widdecombe retired from politics at the 2010 general election.

Throughout her political career, Widdecombe was socially conservative and converted from the Church of England to Catholic Church in 1992 after the Church of England voted to allow female priests.

She is a committed animal lover. She is one of the few Conservative MPs to have consistently voted for the ban on fox hunting.

Widdecombe was a contestant in the 2010 series of *Strictly Come Dancing*. In 2002 she took part in a Louis Theroux television documentary. It showed her life, both in and out of politics. She was cast as herself in an episode of the science-fiction drama *Doctor Who*.

On 23 April 2012, Widdecombe presented an hour-long documentary for BBC Radio 5 Live. It was *Drunk Again: Ann Widdecombe Investigates*, looking at how the British attitude to getting drunk has changed over the last few years.

## Bibliography
### Fiction
's Book Club, Nightingale House, April 2010]]
* 2000: *The Clematis Tree*. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson 
* 2002: *An Act of Treachery*. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson 
* 2005: *Father Figure*. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson 
* 2005: *An Act of Peace*. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson 

### Non-fiction
* 1999: *Inspired and Outspoken: the collected speeches of Ann Widdecombe*; edited by John Simmons, with a biographical preface by Nick Kochan. London: Politico's Publishing 
* 2000: Kochan, Nicholas *Ann Widdecombe: right from the beginning*. London: Politico's Publishing 

## References
## Other websites 
*