open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Eddie Colman

**Edward Colman** (1 November 1936 – 6 February 1958) was an English footballer. He spent his whole career at Manchester United, and played 108 total matches for the team, scoring two goals. While at Manchester United, he was nicknamed "*Snakehips*", because of his trademark body .

Colman was killed in the Munich air disaster on 6 February 1958, at the age of 21. He was the youngest person to die in the disaster. An accommodation building at the University of Salford is named after him.

## Career statistics
## Honours
;Manchester United
*Football League First Division: 1955–56, 1956–57
*FA Cup runner-up: 1956–57

## References
Daniela Avanzini

**Daniela Andrea Avanzini Llorente** (born July 1, 2004) is an American singer and dancer  

She started her career as a child dancer and was a finalist on *So You Think You Can Dance: The Next Generation* in 2016.  

She later became a member of the girl group Katseye, which was made through the 2023 reality show *Dream Academy* by Hybe and Geffen Records.

## Early life 
Daniela Avanzini was born in Atlanta, Georgia.  

Her mother, Ana Llorente, is from Cuba, and her father, Rafael Avanzini, was born in Venezuela, but is of German, Italian, and Spanish descent. 

Both of her parents are professional ballroom dancers. Daniela started learning dance when she was three years old.  

Her mother was the first Cuban to win a world ballroom championship.  

Daniela speaks English and Spanish.

## Career 
### Early dancing years 
Avanzini began dancing in local and international contests when she was young.  

At age seven, she won second place in the international contest Super Kids Europe.  

She later danced on TV shows such as *Sábado Gigante*, ''America's Got Talent*, and *The Queen Latifah Show*.  

In 2016, she joined *So You Think You Can Dance: The Next Generation* and finished in the top 10.  

She also acted in commercials and in the short film *Georgia Sky*.  

As a teenager, she shared videos of herself singing and playing music on social media.

She finished in third place and became a member of the group Katseye.  

She is the first Latin American artist signed under Hybe.  

In 2025, she was featured on the song "Let Me Tell You" by South Korean singer Yeonjun.

Prior to the public release of Katseye’s debut single “Debut,” Avanzini and her fellow members had been training and working together in Los Angeles, and later traveled as a group to Medellín, Colombia, to film the music video, marking their first work trip together as part of their early career development.

## Discography 
### As part of *Dream Academy'' 
* "Girls Don't Like" (2024)  
* "All The Same" (2024)

### As featured artist 
* "Let Me Tell You" (2025) – with Yeonjun

## Filmography 
### Television shows 
* *Sábado Gigante* (2012) – contestant  
* ''America's Got Talent* (2013) – contestant  
* *So You Think You Can Dance: The Next Generation* (2016) – contestant  

### Reality shows 
* *Dream Academy* (2023) – contestant  
* *Pop Star Academy: Katseye'' (2024) – herself  
* Super Kids Europe (2011) – Contestant, 2nd place  

### Music videos 
* "Dramatic" (2021) – by MattyBRaps  
* "Let Me Tell You" (2025) – by Yeonjun

## References 
## Other websites 
*
1955–56 Football League First Division

The **1955–56 Football League First Division** was the 57th season of the Football League First Division, the top division of football in England. Manchester United won their fourth league title.

## Teams
### Maps
## Table

## Results
## References
*Ian Laschke: *Rothmans Book of Football League Records 1888–89 to 1978–79*. Macdonald and Jane’s, London & Sydney, 1980.
Ivan Sharpe

**Ivan Gordon Sharpe** (15 June 1889 – 9 February 1968) was an English amateur footballer. Even though he was an amateur footballer, he played for professional clubs, including Watford, Derby County, and Leeds United. He also played for the England national amateur football team and the Great Britain Olympic football team, where he won a gold medal at the 1912 Summer Olympics. 

After he retired, he became a sports journalist, later becoming the president of the Football Writers Association. In 1936, he was selected by the BBC to be one of two journalists (the other being Norman Creek) to provide the first ever live commentary on the FA Cup final. He continued to contribute a hard-hitting article to the Wolverhampton Wanderers match day programme for many years right up to his death.

## International goals
:*England Amateurs score listed first, score column indicates score after each Sharpe goal.*

## Honours
;Derby County
*Football League First Division: 1911–12

;Great Britain
*Gold medalist at the 1912 Summer Olympics

## References
* 
*
Arthur Knight (footballer)

**Arthur Egerton Knight** (7 September 1887 – 10 March 1956) was an English amateur footballer. He was capped one time for England, and regularly played for the England national amateur football team. He also played for Great Britain at the 1912 Summer Olympics, where he won a gold medal, and at the 1920 Summer Olympics. He also played county cricket for Hampshire between 1913 and 1923, playing in four first-class games.

During World War I, he served as a member of the Territorial Army. He was sent  with the 1/6th (Duke of Connaught's Own) Battalion of the Hampshire Regiment to India. He was later moved to France, where he was promoted to the rank of captain in 1916, and served with the Border Regiment.

## Career statistics
;Football League

## Honours
;Portsmouth
* Southern League: 1919–20
;Great Britain
* Gold medalist at the 1912 Summer Olympics

## References
## Other websites
* Arthur Egerton Knight at 11v11
* 
*
Busan IPark

**Busan IPark FC** () is a South Korean professional football club. They are based in Busan and play in the K League 2, the second tier of football in South Korea. They play their home games at the Busan Gudeok Stadium. They were one of the original five teams that helped create the K League.

The team was founded as a semi-professional football club in November 1979 by Saehan Motors. They were known as Daewoo Royals, named after the motor company that originally owned and  the team.

## Club name history
## Honours
### Domestic
#### League
* **K League 1**
****Winners (4)**: 1984, 1987, 1991, 1997
**Runners-up (3): 1983, 1990, 1999
***K League 2**
**Runners-up (3): 2017, 2019, 2023
* **Korean National Semi-Professional Football League**
****Winners**: 1981 Spring

#### Cups
* **Korean FA Cup**
****Winners**: 2004
**Runners-up (2): 2010, 2017
* **Korean League Cup**
****Winners (3)**: 1997, 1997s, 1998s
**Runners-up (5): 1986, 1999s, 2001, 2009, 2011
* **Korean National Football Championship**
****Winners (2)**: 1989, 1990 (reserve team)
**Runners-up: 1988
* '''Korean President's Cup**
**Runners-up: 1981
* **Korean Super Cup**
**Runners-up: 2005

### International
#### Continental
* **Asian Club Championship**
****Winners**: 1985–86

#### Worldwide
* **Afro-Asian Club Championship**
****Winners**: 1986

#### Invitational
* **Hawaiian Islands Invitational**
****Winners''': 2012

## Other websites
*
Transverse Ranges

The **Transverse Ranges** are a group of mountain ranges in Southern California. They are part of the Pacific Coast Ranges, on the western side of North America. They go through Santa Barbara, Ventura, Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Riverside, and Kern counties.

The Transverse Ranges go from west to east, unlike other nearby mountain ranges, which go from northwest to northeast. For this reason, they are called "transverse", which means lying across something else. They are south of the California Coast Ranges and north of the Peninsular Ranges.

Most of the ranges are in the California chaparral and woodlands ecoregion. At lower elevations, the plant life is chaparral. At higher elevations, there are large conifer forests. Most of the ranges in the system are fault blocks. They were lifted up by tectonic movements late in the Cenozoic Era.

Snow falls above  most winters, and above  every few years. It is rare for elevations above  to go multiple winters without snow, even during severe droughts. Because of relatively low humidity, the regional snow line lies at about , above the highest elevation of the range. This means that snow does not stay on the ground all year, except in the form of snow patches.

The tree line lies at about . San Gorgonio Mountain is the only peak that reaches above the tree line.

## Geology 
The Transverse Ranges were made by tectonic forces and faults. These come from the northward sliding of the Pacific plate in comparison to the North American plate, along the San Andreas Fault. During the Pliocene (around 4 million years ago), the fault had a sharp leftward bend where the Transverse Ranges are today. The crust within the Pacific Plate south of the ranges can not easily make the left turn westward as the entire plate moves northwestward. So pieces of the crust are forced to compress and lift.

Before the fault shifted to make the left bend, northwest–southeast trending rock belts in all of the Transverse Ranges started to rotate clockwise, becoming perpendicular to the Pacific Plate – North American Plate boundary. This tectonic rotation began in Early Miocene Time and continues today. The total rotation is about 90° in the Western Transverse Ranges and less (about 40°) in the eastern ranges. Catalina Island shows the most rotation: almost 120°.

## References 
## Other websites
If God Will Send His Angels

"**If God Will Send His Angels**" is a 1997 song by Irish rock band U2 and is the fifth single from their ninth studio album *Pop*. It went to number 12 in the United Kingdom, number 9 in Scotland, number 24 in the Netherlands, number 35 in New Zealand, number 6 in Finland, number 4 in Iceland, number 11 in Ireland and number 10 in Italy. It also appears on the City of Angels soundtrack.

## Formats and track listings
All tracks performed by U2, except "Slow Dancing" by U2 featuring Willie Nelson, and "Sunday Bloody Sunday" by the Edge.

## References
Delta Force (2025 video game)

***Delta Force,*** formerly ***Delta Force: Hawk Ops***, is a free-to-play first-person tactical shooter video game developed and published by TiMi Studio Group for Windows PC, iOS and Android devices, while the home consoles launch arrived in August 2025. It is part of the computer FPS *Delta Force* series, previously developed and published by NovaLogic. The group also develops the game under its development division TiMi-J3, known for developing *Call of Duty: Mobile*.

Originally titled simply *Delta Force*, and then amended to *Delta Force: Hawk Ops*, on August 20, 2024, the game's title was reverted to just *Delta Force*. The game was officially launched on April 21, 2025, through mobile phones and PC and August 19, 2025, for PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X/S.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Subhuman (song)

"**Subhuman**" is a 1995 song by alternative rock band Garbage and was released as a B-side to their hit single *Vow*.

## Track listings
*'*UK CD single *Mushroom D1138***
# "Subhuman" – 4:36
# "#1 Crush" – 4:52
# "Vow" – 4:30

***UK 7-inch vinyl *Mushroom S1138 / SX1138***
# "Subhuman" – 4:36
# "#1 Crush" – 4:52

***Digital download*'
# "Subhuman (Supersize mix)" – 5:13

## References
Atago Gongen

is a Japanese kami. People believe he is the local version (Gongen) of the bodhisattva Jizō and Shinto goddess Izanami. He rides a white horse and has a ringed staff and a desire-cancelling jewel. 

The first people to worship him were Shugendō believers on Mount Atago in Kyoto. People worship Atago Gongen as a protector against fire and samurai worship him as a god of war and victory. There are about nine hundred Atago Shrines around Japan.

## Related pages 
* 
* 
* Gongen
* 
* 

## References
Kṣitigarbha

**Kṣitigarbha** (, ,  Wylie: *sa yi snying po*) is a bodhisattva. People worship him mostly in East Asia. Some people translate his name as  "Earth Treasury", "Earth Store", "Earth Matrix", or "Earth Womb".  

Kṣitigarbha promised to guide all beings in the six worlds during the time between the death of Gautama Buddha and the arrival of Maitreya. He also vowed not to become a Buddha until every hell was empty. Because of these vows, people see him as the bodhisattva who cares for those in hell, and in Japan he is also known as the protector of children and the guardian of children who have died or been aborted.

.]]

## Related pages 
* Atago Gongen
* King Yama

## Bibliography 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* French, Frank G. (ed); Shi, Daoji (trans.)(2003). The Sutra of Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha's Fundamental Vows (地藏經), Sutra Translation Committee of the U.S. and Canada/The Corporate Body of the Buddha Educational Foundation Taipei, Taiwan, 2nd ed.
* 
* 
* Moto-Sanchez, Milla Micka (2016). Jizō, Healing Rituals, and Women in Japan, Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 43 (2), 307-331
* 
* Visser, Marinus Willem de (1914). The Bodhisattva Ti-Tsang (Jizo) in China and Japan,  Berlin: Oesterheld

## Other websites 
* Jizo Bodhisattva - Photo Dictionary of Japanese Buddhism
* Dizang text from Dunhuang
* The Sutra of the Past Vows of Earth Store Bodhisattva
The Story in Your Eyes

"**The Story in Your Eyes**" is a 1971 song by English progressive rock band The Moody Blues and was taken from their seventh studio album *Every Good Boy Deserves Favour*. It went to number 23 in the United States and number 7 in Canada.

## References
Sophia Laforteza

**Sophia Elizabeth Guevara Laforteza** (born December 31, 2002) is a Filipino and American singer. She is the leader of the girl group Katseye, which was formed through the 2023 reality show ''* by Hybe and Geffen Records.

## Early life 
Sophia Laforteza was born in New York City. She grew up in Manila, Philippines. Her mother, , is an actress and singer. Her father, Godfrey Laforteza, works as a chef. She has two other siblings.  

Laforteza started singing since she was three years old. Later, she learned ballet, jazz, musical theatre, hip hop, and tap dance. She finished high school with top honors at  in Quezon City in 2021.

## Career 
### Early appearances 
When she was five years old, Laforteza appeared on the Philippine talk show *She Said, She Said* with her mother. In 2022, she joined the game show *Family Feud*. Before debuting with Katseye, she released a song cover with Filipino singer Angia Laurel.

### 2023–present: Dream Academy and Katseye 
In 2023, Laforteza joined the reality show *Dream Academy*. She was chosen as one of 20  out of 120,000  around the world. During the live  on November 17, 2023, she was announced as the first member  and first place  of the new group, later called Katseye.  

Laforteza became the first Filipino artist signed under Hybe Corporation. She thanked her fans for their support and said they helped her make her dream come true.

## Media image 
Laforteza is known for showing pride in her Filipino roots and for her positive attitude. She is often praised for representing Filipino talent on the global stage. Her close relationship with her family and her stylish makeup have also gained attention from the media.

## Advocacy 
In 2025, Laforteza showed online support for the , using her platform to raise .

## Discography 
### As part of *Dream Academy* 
* "Dirty Water" (2024)
* "All The Same" (2024)

## Television 
* *She Said, She Said* (2008) – Herself  
* *Family Feud* (2022) – Herself  
* *Dream Academy* (2023) – Contestant  
* *Pop Star Academy: Katseye'' (2024) – Herself  

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Cheiro

**William John Warner** (also self-identified as **Count Louis le Warner de Hamon**), popularly known as **Cheiro** (1 November 1866 – 8 October 1936), was an Irish astrologer and colourful occult figure of the early 20th century. The word cheiromancy, which means palmistry, is the source of his nickname, Cheiro. He claimed to be clairvoyant and claimed to have studied Chaldean numerology, astrology, and palm reading in India. He was praised for employing these divination techniques to foretell world events and make personal forecasts for well-known clientele. W.T. Stead, a prominent journalist at the time, was informed by this professional palmist and fortune teller, Cheiro that April 1912 would be dangerous for him, with the words, "So don't travel by water then if you can help it." Stead ignored this warning and drowned when the Titanic sank. A thorough description of one of Cheiro's palm readings with William Pirrie, chairman of Harland and Wolf, the ship's builders, may be found in the book "Titanic's Last Secrets."  Speaking about the fight for survival  when the "Titanic" sank, Cheiro said he would soon be in a struggle for his life. Cheiro claimed that palmistry becomes a study not contrary to the dictates of reason, but in accordance with those natural laws that we observe in the shaping of even non-living objects, which, by demonstrating the effect of an earlier cause, are in themselves the cause of a later effect.

## Personal life 
Cheiro married Mrs. Katie Hartland in 1920.
## Death
After a lengthy period of illness, Cheiro passed away in Hollywood on October 19, 1936.  Among other achievements, Time magazine said that he had amassed a quarter of a million dollars from his clientele of rich women.

## References
All-England Eleven

The **All-England Eleven** (widely known as the **AEE**) was a cricket team founded in 1846 by William Clarke. It remained active until 1891. The team played in 46 first-class matches between 1848 and 1878.

## References
Estelle Taylor

**Ida Estelle Taylor** (May 20, 1894 – April 15, 1958) was an American actress and model. She was the second of world heavyweight champion Jack Dempsey's four wives. She was thought to be one of the most beautiful silent movie stars of the 1920s.

Taylor died of cancer at her home in Los Angeles, California on April 15, 1958 at the age of 63.

## References
## Other websites
*
Vincenza Carrieri-Russo

**Vincenza Carrieri-Russo** (born June 10, 1984) is an American model, businesswoman and beauty pageant titleholder. She was born in Newark, Delaware. Carrieri-Russo was Miss Delaware USA 2008 and represented Delaware at the Miss USA 2008 pageant. She also competed at Miss United States 2014.

## References
## Other websites
*
Sara Dylan

**Sara Dylan** (born **Shirley Marlin Noznisky**; October 28, 1939) is an American former actress and model. She was the first wife of singer-songwriter Bob Dylan. They were married from 1965 until their 1977 divorce. They had four children together. Their marriage was said to be the inspiration for many songs Dylan created during the 1960s and '70s, and the 1975 album *Blood on the Tracks*. An actress, she played the role of Clara in the movie *Renaldo and Clara*.

## References
## Other websites
*
United England Eleven

The **United England Eleven** (widely known as the **UEE**) was a cricket team founded in 1852 by Jemmy Dean and John Wisden. It remained active until 1869. The team played in 23 first-class matches between 1853 and 1869.

## References
Alexxis Lemire

**Alexxis Lemire** (born May 30, 1996) is an American actress and model. She is known for her roles as Jesse Havnell in the 2017 Syfy horror television movie *Truth or Dare* and as Aster Flores in the 2020 Netflix original movie *The Half of It*.

## References
## Other websites
*
Mia Tyler

**Mia Abagale Tallarico** (born December 22, 1978), better known as **Mia Tyler**, is an American actress, model, media personality and socialite. Tyler is the daughter of rock singer Steven Tyler of the band Aerosmith and actress Cyrinda Foxe. 

In 1979, Steven Tyler wrote a song titled after Mia, which was released on the Aerosmith album *Night in the Ruts*. At age 17, Tyler appeared as a VJ on the MTV show *House of Style*. She is a plus sized fashion model and has been represented by the modeling agency Wilhelmina Models. 

## References
## Other websites
*
Alan Ritchson

** Alan Michael Ritchson** (born November 28, 1982) is an American actor and model. He is known for his role as Aquaman / Arthur Curry on The CW superhero series *Smallville* (2005–2010). Ritchson had a starring role in the Spike TV sitcom *Blue Mountain State* (2010–2012). He also played Hank Hall / Hawk on the DC Universe / HBO Max series *Titans* from 2018 to 2021. He also played Jack Reacher in the Amazon Prime Video action thriller series *Reacher* (2022&ndash;present).

Ritchson was born on November 28, 1982, in Grand Forks, North Dakota.

## References
## Other websites
*
Kellan Lutz

**Kellan Christopher Lutz** (born March 15, 1985) is an American actor, martial artist and model. He is best known for playing Emmett Cullen in *The Twilight Saga* movie series (2008–2012). He also played Poseidon in the 2011 movie *Immortals*, voiced the main character in the 2013 animated movie *Tarzan*, played John Smilee in *The Expendables 3* (2014), and Hercules in *The Legend of Hercules* (2014). 

## References
## Other websites
*
CariDee English

**CariDee English** (born September 23, 1984) is an American fashion model and television personality. She won Cycle 7 of ''America's Next Top Model* in December 2006. Afterwards, she started modeling for CoverGirl Cosmetics and Elite Models She is the second *ANTM'' winner from North Dakota, the first being Nicole Linkletter of Cycle 5. English was also the host of Oxygen's *Pretty Wicked*.

## References
## Other websites
*
Nicole Linkletter

**Nicole Linkletter Nathanson** (born February 27, 1985) is an American fashion model. She is the winner of Cycle 5 of ''America's Next Top Model''. Afterwards, she started modeling with Ford Models and CoverGirl. She is the first of two America's Next Top Model winners from North Dakota, the second being CariDee English, winner of America's Next Top Model, Cycle 7.

## References
Michael Spears

**Michael Spears** (born December 28, 1977) is an Indigenous American actor and model. He is a member of the Kul Wičaša Lakota from the Lower Brulé Sioux Tribe of South Dakota. His first movie role was as the child character Otter, in the Academy-Award-winning 1990 movie *Dances with Wolves*. He has appeared in the television series *1883*, in season 2 of *Reservation Dogs* on Hulu and in the series *1923* on Paramount.

Michael Spears was born in Chamberlain, South Dakota near the Lower Brulé Indian Reservation. After that, his family moved to Pierre, South Dakota. 

He has six siblings. His younger brother, Eddie, is also an actor.

## References
## Other websites
*
Eddie Spears

**Edward Spears** (born November 29, 1982) is an Indigenous American actor and model. He is a member of the Kul Wičaša Oyate Lakota from the Lower Brulé Sioux Tribe of South Dakota. He is known for his role as Shane Chasing Horse in the 2003 movie *Dreamkeeper*. In 2011 and 2012, Spears played Joseph Black Moon in AMC's TV series *Hell On Wheels*.

Spears was born in Chamberlain, South Dakota, near the Lower Brulé Indian Reservation. His older brother Michael is also an actor.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Gabriel Mann

**Gabriel Mann** (born **Gabriel Wilhoit Amis Mick**; May 14, 1972) is an American actor and model. He is known for his role as Nolan Ross on the ABC drama series *Revenge*. He also appeared in *The Life of David Gale*, *The Bourne Identity*, and *The Bourne Supremacy*.

Mann was born as Gabriel Wilhoit Amis Mick on May 14, 1972, in Middlebury, Vermont.

## References
## Other websites
*
Maxine Bahns

**Maxine Lee Bahns** (born February 28, 1971) is an American actress, triathlete, and model. She is best known for roles in the movies *The Brothers McMullen* and ''She's the One''.

## References
## Other websites
*
Cynthia Gibb

**Cynthia Lowrie Gibb** (born December 14, 1963) is an American actress and former model. Her first acting role was in the musical television drama *Fame*, based on the movie of the same name.

Gibb also appeared in the movies *Youngblood* (1986), *Salvador* (1986), *Malone* (1987), *Short Circuit 2* (1988) and *Death Warrant* (1990). She earned a Golden Globe nomination for her role as Gypsy Rose Lee in the movie *Gypsy* (1993).

Cynthia Lowrie Gibb was born December 14, 1963, in Bennington, Vermont. She grew up in Westport, Connecticut.

## References
## Other websites
*
Allison Hayes

**Allison Hayes** (born **Mary Jane Hayes**; March 6, 1930 – February 27, 1977) was an American actress, activist and model. She was born in Charleston, West Virginia. She was known for her roles in *Count Three and Pray*, *Gunslinger*, *Attack of the 50 Foot Woman*, *Mohawk*, *The Undead* and *The Steel Jungle*.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Allison Hayes at Turner Classic Movies
* Allison Hayes in Trailer for Attack of the 50 Foot Woman
* Allison Hayes Biography
* ''Brian's Drive-In Theatre'' – biographical fansite
*
Dagmar (actress)

**Virginia Ruth "Jennie" Lewis** (; November 29, 1921 – October 9, 2001), known professionally as **Dagmar**, was an American actress, model, and television personality. Egnor was born in Yawkey, West Virginia and was raised in Huntington, West Virginia.

Dagmar became one of the most popular personalities of early 1950s live television. She did sketch comedy on Milton Berle's *Texaco Star Theater*, the *Bob Hope Show*, and other shows. She appeared on the *Colgate Comedy Hour* with host Eddie Cantor and guests Milton Berle, Phil Foster, and Jack Leonard. In 1951, she made a TV guest appearance with Frank Sinatra. 

## References
## Other websites
*
Yawkey, West Virginia

**Yawkey** (also **Porter Fork**) is an unincorporated community in eastern Lincoln County, West Virginia, United States. It is east of the town of Hamlin, the county seat of Lincoln County.  Its elevation is 738&nbsp;feet (225&nbsp;m). 

## References
Ceredo, West Virginia

**Ceredo** is a town in Wayne County, West Virginia, United States. It is near the Ohio River. The population was 1,408 at the 2020 census. Ceredo is a part of the Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). 

## References
Hazel Homer-Wambeam

**Hazel Homer-Wambeam** is an American brand manager and former beauty pageant titleholder. She became the first Jewish woman to win Miss Wyoming when she was crowned in 2022. She worked as a brand manager for Kartoon Studios' Stan Lee Universe in Los Angeles. Homer-Wambeam competed as a delegate in the Miss America 2022 pageant.

## References
Bengal Himalayas

**Bengal Himalayas** () means the part of the Himalayas located between the Kosi River in the west and the Manas River in the east. Kanchenjunga is the highest peak of this part of the Himalayas. This area is part of the Eastern Himalayas. It includes Himalayan part of West Bengal, Sikkim and Tawang district in Arunachal Pradesh of India; eastern Nepal; Bhutan and the south-central Tibet in China. In this region, the Himalayas curve southeastward from Nepal and then turn northeastward toward Arunachal Pradesh, forming a broad semicircular arc.

## References
Channel Islands of California

The **Channel Islands of California** are eight islands off the coast of California. They are inside a wide curve of the Pacific Ocean, called a bight, between Santa Barbara and San Diego.

The four northern islands are part of the Transverse Ranges geologic province, and the four southern islands are part of the Peninsular Ranges geologic province.

## References
Bonnie Rotten

**Bonnie Rotten** (born 1993) is an American former pornographic actress, feature dancer, fetish model, and director. In 2014, she became the first alt-porn star to win the AVN Award for Female Performer of the Year. Rotten started her career as a fetish model for the magazine *Girls and Corpses*.

## References
## Other websites
*
Stade Français

**Stade Français Paris** (; ), commonly known as **Stade Français**, is a French professional rugby union team that is based in the 16th arrondissement of Paris.

## Other websites
*  
* Overview on itsrugby.co.uk
* Stade Français profile on Rugby15
* Stade Français Paris  on ERCrugby.com
* Virage des Dieux 
* Stade a preview and history
* Blog post with a gallery of Stade Francais shirts
* Les Amis du Stade Français Paris Rugby
Leptodactylus fragilis

The **white-lipped frog**, **American white-lipped frog**, **Mexican white-lipped frog**, **white-lipped foamfrog**, '''Cope's white-lipped frog**, **Middle American white-lipped frog**, **white-jawed frog**, **white-jawed robber frog**, or **white-lipped thin-toed frog'* (*Leptodactylus fragilis'') is a frog.  It lives in Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Venezuela, and Texas in the United States. Human beings also brought it to Cuba and Colombia.

## Home
These frogs are awake at night and live on the ground. People see them in grassy places, and in forests, near marshes, ponds, and bodies of water that dry up and on farms. This frog hides under rocks and in holes that it digs. Scientists saw the frog between 0 and 1530 meters above sea level.

Scientists saw the frog in many protected places.

## Young
The frog makes a nest out of bubbles for its eggs. The larvae stay in the middle of the foam nest until it rains. The rainwater helps them go into pools of water, where they swim and grow.
## Danger
Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is not in danger of dying out. In some places, for example Texas, human beings use chemicals that can hurt the frogs.

## References
Maurice Bunyan

**Maurice Taylor Bunyan** (11 November 1893 – December 1967) was an English footballer and manager. He played football in Belgium for Racing Club de Bruxelles (where he scored 150 goals in 158 matches) and in France for Stade Français. He also played for Great Britain at the 1920 Summer Olympics.

He was the manager of Bordeaux between 1945 and 1947. He would leave Bordeaux in 1947 to join Helenio Herrera at Stade Français.

He was the son of Charles Bunyan Sr., who managed Sweden at the 1912 Summer Olympics, and the brother of Charles Bunyan Jr.

## Honours 
;RC Bruxelles
* Belgian Cup: 1911–12

;Individual
* Belgian First Division top scorer: 1911-12 (35 goals), 1913-14 (28 goals) '''''' 

## References
Maye Musk

**Maye Musk** (born April 19, 1948) is a model and dietitian. She has worked as a model for over 50 years. She has been on the covers of magazines such as *Time* (health edition), ''Women's Day*, *Vogue* (international editions), and the *Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue''.

She is the mother of Elon Musk, Kimbal Musk, and Tosca Musk. She has Canadian, South African, and American citizenship. Maye is a registered dietitian and has two master’s degrees in diet and nutrition.

## References
## Other websites
*
Cristina Ferrare

**Cynthia Cristina Ferrare** (born 1950) is an American fashion model, actress, author and talk-show host. She is known for her roles in the 1968 comedy *The Impossible Years* and the 1972 Western movie *J. W. Coop*. She also played the lead role in the horror movie *Mary, Mary, Bloody Mary* (1972). She also hosted *The Home Show*, *Home & Family*, and *Big Bowl of Love* on the Oprah Winfrey Network in the 1980s.

## Notes
## References
## Other websites
* 
* Ferarre With Company
* Cristina Ferarre's *Big Bowl of Love*  at the Oprah Winfrey Network
* Ferrare's Pictorial
Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania

**Wilkinsburg** is a borough in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States. The borough has a population of 14,349 as of the 2020 census. Wilkinsburg is part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. The borough was named for John Wilkins Jr., a United States Army officer.

## References
Hartsville, Tennessee

**Hartsville** is a town in Trousdale County, Tennessee, United States. It is the county seat of Trousdale County. The population of Hartsville was 11,615 as of 2020.

## References
Life is a Highway

**Life is a Highway** is a 1991 song by Canadian rock band Tom Cochrane. It became popular after it was featured in the 2006 film *Cars* performed by the American rock band Rascal Flatts.
Kimberly-Clark

**Kimberly-Clark** is an American multinational consumer goods and personal care corporation. It produces mostly paper-based consumer products. The company manufactures sanitary paper products and surgical & medical instruments. 

It was founded in 1872 by John A. Kimberly, Havilah Babcock, Charles B. Clark and Franklyn C. Shattuck in Neenah, Wisconsin, with $42,000 (equivalent to US$1,102,383 in 2024) of capital.
Rosedale, Maryland

**Rosedale** is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. The population was 19,961 at the 2020 United States census.

## References
Eric Szmanda

**Eric Kyle Szmanda** (; born July 24, 1975) is an American actor and model. He is best known for having played Greg Sanders in the CBS police drama *CSI: Crime Scene Investigation* from 2000 until 2015.

## References
## Other websites
*
Wilsondale, West Virginia

**Wilsondale** is an unincorporated community in the southern part of Wayne County, West Virginia, United States. Wilsondale has a post office with ZIP code 25699. As of the 2000 Census, the population of this ZIP Code Tabulation Area was 74.

## References
Marina Lewycka

**Marina Lewycka** ( ; 12 October 1946 – 13 November 2025) was a German-born Ukrainian-British novelist.

Her first novel, *A Short History of Tractors in Ukrainian*, won the 2005 Bollinger Everyman Wodehouse Prize for comic writing at the Hay literary festival. It was also nominated for the 2005 Man Booker Prize. The novel has been translated into 35 languages.

Lewycka died on 13 November 2025, at the age of 79.

## References
## Other websites
* Review of *A Short History of Tractors in Ukrainian*, Guardian, 19 March 2005
* Review of *Two Caravans*, TimesOnLine, 25 March 2007 
* Interview in the *Guardian*, 15 July 2008
* Marina Lewycka talks about *We are all Made of Glue* on The Interview Online
*
Golden Virginia

**Golden Virginia** is a hand-rolling tobacco brand (shag tobacco) made and sold around Europe by Imperial Tobacco. It is a mix of fine-cut Virginia, burley, and oriental tobaccos. Golden Virginia first started in the United Kingdom (UK) in 1877, and it is currently sold in 30g and 50g pouches.

It is sold in over 35 countries, mainly in Western Europe, with its main markets being the UK, Belgium, Spain, Ireland, and Luxembourg.

## References
Imperial Brands

**Imperial Brands plc.** (originally the **Imperial Tobacco Company of Great Britain & Ireland**, and later **Imperial Tobacco Group plc.**), still commonly called **Imperial Tobacco**, is a large British multinational tobacco company headquartered in Bristol, England. It is the world's fourth-largest international cigarette company after Philip Morris International, British American Tobacco and Japan Tobacco. It makes more shag tobacco and tobacco papers than any other company. Imperial Brands is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is part of the FTSE 100 Index.

Imperial Tobacco began in 1901, and now has 30 factories worldwide and its products are sold in around 120 countries. Its tobacco brands include Davidoff, West, Golden Virginia, Drum and Rizla.

Imperial Tobacco Canada is the Canadian part of British American Tobacco, and is not related to Imperial Brands. Also, the Imperial Tobacco Company of India (now known as ITC Limited) is a separate company as well.

## References
Giffnock

**Giffnock ** (; ; , ) is the most important town in East Renfrewshire, the Central Lowlands of Scotland.

It is  east of Barrhead,  east-southeast of Paisley and  northwest of East Kilbride.

Giffnock has called one of the least poor areas of Scotland. Stockbridge, Edinburgh was the least poor in Scotland in 2020.

## References
Lutherville, Maryland

**Lutherville** is a census-designated place (CDP) in Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 6,835. Prior to 2010 the area was part of the Lutherville-Timonium CDP. Within its borders lies the Lutherville Historic District.

## References
Lancaster, New York

**Lancaster** is a town in Erie County, New York, United States. It is 14 miles east of downtown Buffalo, making it a suburb of the city. As of the 2020 Census, the town population was 45,106.

## References
Sussex men's cricket team

The **Sussex** men's cricket team is based in Brighton and Hove. It represents the traditional English county of Sussex. Teams called Sussex have been active since 1728. Sussex County Cricket Club was formed in 1839 to take responsibility for organisation of the county team, and it is cricket’s oldest county club. Sussex have played in the County Championship since 1890, and have won the title three times, most recently in 2007. Their main home venue is the County Cricket Ground, Hove. Many great players have represented Sussex, including Thomas Waymark, Richard Newland, Edward Aburrow Sr, William Lillywhite, Jem Broadbridge, Thomas Box, Jemmy Dean, John Wisden, Kumar Shri Ranjitsinhji, C. B. Fry, Maurice Tate, Ted Dexter, Jim Parks, Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi, John Snow, Tony Greig, Imran Khan, and Mushtaq Ahmed.

## References
## Bibliography
*
Big Tobacco

to women in the 1940s.]]
**Big Tobacco** is a name that means the world's largest companies in the tobacco industry. There are five that are normally included: Philip Morris International, British American Tobacco, Japan Tobacco International (owned by Japan Tobacco), Imperial Tobacco, and China Tobacco. Altria, which mainly sells in the United States, is also one of the largest tobacco companies.

The name is similar to other industries such as Big Tech, Big Oil, Big Soda, or Big Pharma.

## Overview
According to the World Medical Journal, the five largest tobacco companies worldwide are: 

* Philip Morris International (and Altria in the US), based in the United States and Switzerland
* British American Tobacco, based in the United Kingdom
* Japan Tobacco International (owned by Japan Tobacco), based in Japan, Switzerland, and the United States
* Imperial Brands (also known as Imperial Tobacco), based in the United Kingdom
* China Tobacco, based in China

## References
Alice Dunbar Nelson

**Alice Dunbar Nelson** (July 19, 1875 – September 18, 1935) was an American poet, journalist, and political activist. She was a known writer during the Harlem Renaissance. She was known for her poetry, short stories, and essays that had themes of race, and gender. She wrote in newspaper columns supporting Black women’s rights and anti-lynching legislation.

## References
Amadeo Bordiga

**Amadeo Bordiga** (June 13, 1889 – July 23, 1970) was an Italian Marxist and one of the founders of the **Communist Party of Italy**. He is recognized as a significant figure in the **Italian Left Communist** tradition. Many groups later called **Bordigists** followed ideas based on his work.

## Early Life 
Bordiga was born in Resina, near Naples, Italy. He studied engineering and became involved in socialist politics at a young age. He joined the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) and became part of its left wing.

## Role in the Communist Party of Italy 
After World War I, Bordiga helped create the **Communist Party of Italy (PCd’I)** in 1921. He supported a strict and disciplined party that did not take part in elections or alliances with other parties.

In 1924 he became a member of the Executive Committee of the **Communist International (Comintern)**.

Bordiga often disagreed with other Communist leaders, including **Joseph Stalin**. By the late 1920s he was removed from leadership and later expelled from the party as it became controlled by Stalinists.

## Opposition to Fascism 
Under Benito Mussolini’s fascist government, Bordiga was arrested several times. He spent many years under police watch but continued to write and discuss politics privately.

## Later work and ideas 
After World War II, Bordiga returned to political activity. He helped guide the **International Communist Party**, although he did not take public roles or titles.

He taught that the communist program should remain unchanged and based firmly on the ideas of Marx and Engels. He believed that the working class needed a strong and unified party to prepare for revolution, and that the party should not change its principles to gain popularity.

Bordiga also argued that the Soviet Union was not socialist but a form of **state capitalism**, because it kept wage labor, markets, and a ruling bureaucracy. He described communism as a future society without money, without the market, and without the state, where production would be organized directly by the community.

## Death 
Amadeo Bordiga died on July 23, 1970, in Formia, Italy.

## Legacy 
Bordiga is seen as one of the main theorists of the **Italian Left Communist** movement. Several small political groups in Europe and elsewhere continue to follow his ideas, sometimes called **Bordigism**. His writings remain influential among Marxist thinkers who criticize both capitalism and the model of socialism used in the Soviet Union.
Your Side of Town

"**Your Side of Town**" is a 2023 song by The Killers and is the second single to their second greatest hits album *Rebel Diamonds*. It went to number 91 in the United Kingdom.

## References
William Pirrie, 1st Viscount Pirrie

**William James Pirrie, 1st Viscount Pirrie**, KP, PC, PC (Ire) (31 May 1847 – 7 June 1924) was a leading British shipbuilder and businessman. He was the chairman of the  shipbuilders Harland & Wolff, from 1895 until his death in 1924. Pirrie served as Lord Mayor of Belfast from 1896 to 1898. He was made a nobleman as Baron Pirrie in 1906, designated as a Knight of the Order of St Patrick in 1908 and made Viscount Pirrie in 1921. 

Lord Pirrie was asked about the quantity of lifeboats on board the ocean liners of Olympic-class in the months just before the Titanic's sinking in 1912. He said that the rafts were meant to save others and that the great ships were not sinkable. He would forever be haunted by this. On other fronts, he was already a contentious figure in Belfast: a Protestant employer linked to a prominent Liberal who supported Ireland's home rule.

.]]

## References
Mary Ann Shadd

**Mary Ann Camberton Shadd Cary** (October 9, 1823 – June 5, 1893) was an American-Canadian anti-slavery activist, journalist, publisher, teacher, and lawyer. She was the first black woman publisher in North America and the first woman publisher in Canada. She was also the second black woman to go to law school in the United States. Mary Shadd created the newspaper *Provincial Freeman* in 1853. It supported equality, integration, and self-education for black people in Canada and the United States.

## References
Mritunjay Kumar Tiwary

**Mritunjay Kumar Tiwary** is an Indian social entrepreneur, philanthropist, and the CEO and co-founder of , a non-profit organization based in Bihar, India.  He also serves as the Executive Trustee of the Yugrishi Shriram Sharma Acharya Charitable Trust, the founding trust of the hospital.

## Biography 
Tiwary attended Calcutta Boys' School from 1982 to 1990 and later graduated from St. Xavier's College, Kolkata with a Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com) degree in Business and Commerce in 1993. During his student years, he was active in football and cricket.

Before entering the non-profit sector, he managed a family-owned franchise and distribution business from 1993 to 2013.

The hospital was established to address curable blindness in Bihar and other low-income regions, where access to quality eye care was limited.  As of FY 2024-2025, Akhand Jyoti completed over 145,000 surgeries in a single fiscal year, 80 percent of which were provided free of cost to patients unable to afford treatment. Over the last 19 years, the eye hospital has performed over 1 million sight-restoring surgeries. The organization plans to expand its annual surgical capacity to 400,000 procedures as part of its "Vision 2030" strategy, which targets two million total surgeries and the empowerment of 1,500 rural girls.

In 2009, Tiwary launched the Football to Eyeball programme, an initiative that integrates football training with academic and vocational education in optometry and other management courses.  The programme supports girls from rural areas aged 12–16, providing them with opportunities to study and train while living on the hospital campus. Their education, accommodation, and training are fully funded. The initiative aims to promote gender equality and economic independence by helping participants build professional careers and delay early marriage through education and sports-based empowerment.

In 2010, Tiwary received the CNN-IBN Real Heroes Award for his contributions to rural eye care and social empowerment.

In 2024, he was honoured with the Plan India Impact Award in the Best Last-Mile Champion for Girls’ Rights category for his efforts in advancing education and opportunities for rural girls through the Football to Eyeball programme.

## References
Amish and Mennonite Heritage Center

The **Amish and Mennonite Heritage Center** is a museum near Berlin, Ohio in Holmes County, Ohio. Holmes County is known for having a large Amish population. The museum tells the history of the Amish, Mennonite, and other Anabaptist people. It has a very large mural called Behalt.

## History 
The center opened in 1981. At that time, it was called the "Mennonite Information Center" and was located in a Dunkard Brethren Church building in Bunker Hill.  

In March 1989, they started building a new museum facility in Berlin, Ohio. The building opened in April 1990 with about US$ 835,000 from donations.  

The mural Behalt was already installed in 1990 but was not yet finished. It was completed and publicly dedicated in October 1992.

In 1993, the artist Heinz Gaugel created a large *sgraffito* on the outside of the new building. This artwork shows Anabaptist immigrants arriving in the United States.

In 2002, the center changed its name to the “Amish and Mennonite Heritage Center” to better reflect its mission. That same year, they opened a Pioneer Barn exhibition, which shows a Conestoga wagon, Amish buggies, and old farm tools.

In 2004, a one-room schoolhouse built around 1856–1857 was moved to the center and rebuilt there.

## Exhibits 
### Behalt 
The center’s most famous exhibit is the Behalt cyclorama. It is 10 ft high and 265 ft long, painted by Heinz Gaugel. The mural shows the history of Anabaptists, from early times in Switzerland to today.

The name "Behalt" comes from a German word meaning “to keep” or “to remember.”

### Pioneer Barn 
The Pioneer Barn exhibit shows a Conestoga wagon used by early settlers, Amish buggies, and old tools from farm life.

### South Bunker Hill Schoolhouse 
A historic one-room schoolhouse (built around 1856–1857) was moved to the center in 2004. Visitors can see how education was done in old Amish and Mennonite communities.

## Other Features 
* There are displays about Anabaptist traditions: clothing, old Amish hymnals like the *Ausbund*, historic Bibles, and other items.  
* The center has a bookstore and gift shop with books, videos, and crafts made by Amish and Mennonite people.  
* The Ohio Amish Library is in the same building. Researchers can use it by appointment.  
* The Zollikon Institute is also part of the center. It offers classes about Anabaptist life and history.f

## Significance 
The Amish and Mennonite Heritage Center helps people learn about the beliefs, history, and way of life of Amish, Mennonite, and Hutterite communities. The Behalt mural is very special — it tells a long and difficult story in a very visual way.

## See also 
* Ohio Amish Country
* Anabaptism
* Cyclorama

## References 
## External links 
* Amish & Mennonite Heritage Center – Official website