open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Goodfellow's tree-kangaroo

'''Goodfellow's tree-kangaroo'* (*Dendrolagus goodfellowi*), or the **ornate tree kangaroo**, is a marsupial in the biological family Macropodidae. 

The family includes kangaroos, wallabies and their relatives, and the genus *Dendrolagus'', with eleven species. 

In the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Goodfellow's tree-kangaroos are listed as endangered.

## Description
Like most tree-kangaroos, Goodfellow's tree-kangaroos look very different from terrestrial (land) kangaroo species. 

Unlike land-living kangaroos, their legs are not long compared to their forelimbs (arms). They are strong and end in hooked claws for grasping tree branches. They move at about the speed a human walks and do not hop well (hopping is something that, by contrast, terrestrial kangaroos are famed for). Other foods are part of their diet when available, including different kinds of fruit, cereals, flowers and grasses. 

They have large stomachs rather like fermentation vats. They use a two-stage process like cows and related herbivores digest food. First the food is softened in one part of their stomach,  and then by passing the material back up and chewing it again, they can return it to a second part of their stomach. This is where bacteria in the stomach's various chambers, breaks down the tough fibers of leaves and grasses.

## References
Rodrigo Batata

**Rodrigo Batata** (born September 10, 1977) is a former Brazilian football player.

## Club career statistics
|-
|1995||Yokohama Flügels||J. League 1||22||5||0||0||22||5
22||5||0||0||22||5
22||5||0||0||22||5
|}

## References
*http://www.f-sports.com/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=89&categoryID=6
Danaus eresimus

The **Soldier** or **Tropical Queen** (*Danaus eresimus*) is a North American and South American butterfly.  It is in the family Nymphalidae.  Their flight is slow and they are easy to .  They will fly for some  if approached too closely.

## Description
The upper side of the wings is a dark reddish-brown color.  The fore wing (the top wing) sometimes has white spots along the edge.  The  are lightly marked with black.  The male has a black patch on his hind wing (the bottom wing).  This spot releases scents to help the female find and mate with the male.  This spot is called an androconium (plural, androconia).  The underside of the wings is also a dark brown color.  There is a band made up of square shaped spots in the center of the hind wing.

## Similar species
 species in the Soldier's range include the Monarch (*Danaus plexippus*) and the Queen (*Danaus gilippus*).

The Monarch is more orange.  It has heavier black-lined veins.  The underside of the wings is a pale yellowish color.

The Queen has nearly no black-lined veins.  On the fore wing it has white spots on both surfaces of the wings.

## Life cycle
The eggs are bright orange. The black caterpillar is banded with white and yellow stripes.  It has a row of yellowish-tan spots near the top of the body.  There are six black, fleshy filaments.  The first pair is near the head.  The second pair is on the thorax.  The third pair is at the end of the abdomen.  The chrysalis is very similar to the Monarch's chrysalis.  It is very hard to tell the  between them.  It has 3 or more broods per year.

## Host plants
Here is a list of host plants that the Soldier caterpillar feeds on:

* *Morrenia odorata* - Strangler Vine
* *Sarcostemma clausum* - White Vine
* *Spigelia anthelmia* - West Indian Pinkroot 

## References
Hedy Lamarr

**Hedy Lamarr** (9 November 1914 – 19 January 2000) was an Austro-Hungarian-born American film actress and inventor. She was a film star during Hollywood's golden age.

After a brief film career in Europe, including *Ecstasy* (1933), Lamar moved to the United States. She became a film star with her performance in *Algiers* (1938). Her MGM films include *Lady of the Tropics* (1939), *Boom Town* (1940), *H.M. Pulham, Esq.* (1941), and *White Cargo* (1942). Her greatest success was as Delilah in *Samson and Delilah* (1949). She also acted on television before the release of her final film, *The Female Animal* (1958). She was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960.

At the beginning of World War II, she and avant-garde composer George Antheil developed a radio guidance system for Allied torpedoes that used spread spectrum and frequency hopping technology to defeat the threat of jamming by the Axis powers.

## Life
Hedy Lamarr was born as **Hedwig Eva Maria Kiesler** in Vienna. She was the daughter of a bank director and a concert . She studied ballet and piano at age 10. 
Later, the famous director Max Reinhard in Berlin said she was the most beautiful woman in Europe.  She worked in movies and in her third movie played her first title role (*Man braucht kein Geld* or *No Money Needed*). The 1933 movie *Ecstasy* was considered a scandal as it showed her bathing naked and running through a wood naked. Later that year, she married, but left her husband in 1937. She signed a contract with MGM in London and went to the USA, where she became a film star and spent the rest of her life. With a musician friend she patented a torpedo to be controlled by spread spectrum radio signals. She became a US citizen in 1953. She died in Altamonte Springs, Florida.

## Filmography
**Das Geld liegt auf der Straße* (*Money on the Street*, 1930)
**Die Frau von Lindenau* (*Storm in a Water Glass*, 1931)
**Die Abenteuer des Herrn O. F.* (*The Adventures of Mr. O. F.*, 1931)
**Man braucht kein Geld* (*We Need No Money*, 1932)
**Ekstase / Symphonie der Liebe* (*Ecstasy*, 1933)
**Algiers* (1938) (download or play it)
**Hollywood Goes to Town* (1938) (short subject)
**Screen Snapshots: Stars at a Charity Ball* (1939) (short subject)
**Lady of the Tropics* (1939)
**I Take This Woman* (1940)
**Boom Town* (1940)
**Comrade X* (1940)
**Come Live With Me* (1941)
**Ziegfeld Girl* (1941)
**H.M. Pulham, Esq.* (1941)
**Tortilla Flat* (1942)
**Crossroads* (1942)
**White Cargo* (1942)

**Show Business at War* (1943) (short subject)
**The Heavenly Body* (1944)
**The Conspirators* (1944)
**Experiment Perilous* (1944)
**Her Highness and the Bellboy* (1945)
**The Strange Woman* (1946) (download or play it)
**Dishonored Lady* (1947) (download or play it)
*''Let's Live a Little* (1948)
**Samson and Delilah* (1949)
**A Lady Without Passport* (1950)
**Copper Canyon* (1950)
**My Favorite Spy* (1951)
**The Eternal Female* (1954) (unfinished)
**Loves of Three Queens* (1954)
**The Story of Mankind* (1957)
**The Female Animal* (1958)
**Instant Karma'' (1990) [archive footage]

## References
## Other websites
*
Green Goblin

**Green Goblin** is the alias of several fictional supervillains appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The most well-known incarnations of the character are **Norman Osborn** and **Harry Osborn**. The Green Goblin is a Halloween-themed supervillain whose weapons resemble bats, ghosts, and jack-o'-lanterns and in most incarnations uses a hoverboard or glider to fly. They are enemies of Spider-Man. 

## In other media 
The character has adapted to different forms of media, including toys, movies, television series, and video games. He was played by Willem Dafoe and James Franco in Sam Raimi's *Spider-Man* trilogy (2002-2007), and Dafoe reprised his role in *Spider-Man: No Way Home* (2021). The character is also played by Chris Cooper and Dane DeHaan in *The Amazing Spider-Man 2*.
Luigi's Mansion

'''''Luigi's Mansion'''* is a 2001 video game released for the Nintendo GameCube. It was developed, created, and released by Nintendo.

This game has a sequel for the Nintendo 3DS: *Luigi's Mansion: Dark Moon'', which supports tilt motion. It was released in North America on March 24, 2013.

## Plot 
Luigi has won a mansion in a contest which he did not enter, and he requests that Mario checks the mansion first. When Luigi realizes that Mario has been long absent, he heads off to the Mansion in search of him. In contrast to the mansion shown on his flyer, Luigi notices that it is old, haunted, and inhabited by multiple ghosts. Around the start of his adventure, Luigi meets Professor E. Gadd, who gives him the Poltergust 3000, a vacuum cleaner that can capture ghosts.

## References
Hard Rock Stadium

**Hard Rock Stadium** is a stadium where football, soccer, and other sports are played.  The stadium is in Miami Gardens, Florida, which is part of the Miami metropolitan area. It replaced the Orange Bowl, Miami's other football stadium. The Miami Dolphins (pro football) and the Miami Hurricanes (University of Miami football) both play in the stadium. Also, Major League Baseball's Miami Marlins, then known as the Florida Marlins, played there from their first season in 1993 through the 2011 season, after they moved to Marlins Park, a stadium built for baseball at the former Orange Bowl site.

Since it was built, six Super Bowls (Super Bowl XXIII, Super Bowl XXIX, Super Bowl XXXIII, Super Bowl XLI, Super Bowl XLIV, Super Bowl LIV), two World Series (1997 World Series and 2003 World Series), and three BCS National Championship Games (2001 Orange Bowl, 2005 Orange Bowl, 2009 BCS National Championship Game) and 2012 WWE WrestleMania XXVIII have been held in the stadium.

## The building of the stadium 
The stadium was the first stadium that was built using money from private people. Joe Robbie was the person who gave a good part of the money needed to build the stadium.

Robbie made the stadium with a wider field so that soccer and baseball could be played in the stadium.  The seats that are closest to the field are 90 feet from the sidelines on the football field.  Baseball was played in the stadium as planned, making use of the wider fields.

After the stadium was completed, it was named for the person who designed the field, Joe Robbie. The first regular season NFL game that was played in the stadium was a win against the Kansas City Chiefs.

## Other events 
The Miami Dolphins started playing in the stadium in 1987. The Miami Marlins, when they were known as the Florida Marlins, played there from 1993 through 2011.  The Orange Bowl game has been held in Hard Rock Stadium every year since 1996.  Since the stadium was completed, Madonna, U2, Van Halen, Ozzy Osbourne, The Rolling Stones, Pink Floyd, Elton John, Billy Joel, Chicago, Genesis, Gloria Estefan, The Police, Guns N' Roses, The Who, Hall & Oates, Rod Stewart, Paul McCartney, and The Three Tenors have all had concerts at the stadium. WWE WrestleMania XXVIII was also held the stadium with a record crowd of 78,363 fans. (Main Event John Cena vs. Dwayne “The Rock” Johnson)

## Notes 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Ascension of Jesus

of the Ascension of Jesus.]]
According to the New Testament, the **Ascension of Jesus** happened at the end of Jesus' life on earth.  The Acts of the Apostles says that after Jesus told his apostles to teach the gospel to everyone, he went up to heaven to be with God.The Apostles' Creed says that Jesus "ascended into  heaven and is seated at the right hand of God the Father". There He is praying for those who believe in Him.  

Ascension Day is often celebrated on a Thursday, the fortieth day of Easter, although some Christian denominations have moved the observance to the following Sunday.

## References
Thurberiphaga diffusa

***Thurberiphaga diffusa*** is a North American moth.  It is in the family Noctuidae.

## Distribution
*Thurberiphaga diffusa* is found only in southern Arizona.

## Flight period
This moth has one brood per year.  It is seen from July to September.

## References
Paulo Henrique Miranda

**Paulo Henrique Miranda** (born 21 February 1972) is a Brazilian football player.

## Club career statistics
|-
|1999||JEF United Ichihara||J. League 1||15||1||0||0||2||1||17||2
|-
|1999||Vegalta Sendai||J. League 2||16||4||2||2||0||0||18||4

|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Fourway Athletics||rowspan="2"|First Division League||5||2||1||1||colspan="2"|-||6||3
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||
31||5||2||2||2||1||35||8
5||2||1||1||colspan="2"|-||6||3
36||7||3||3||2||1||41||11
|}
Alexandre Finazzi

**Alexandre Silveira Finazzi** (born 20 August 1973) is a Brazilian professional athlete.  He is best known as a football player.

## Club career statistics 
|-
|2003||Omiya Ardija ||J. League 2||6||1
6||1
6||1
|}

## References 
## Other websites
* Soccerway.com Finazzi
* *Ligue de Football Professionnel* (LFP), http://www.lfp.fr/joueur/silveira-finazzi-alexandre
Glandular fever

**Glandular fever** is a viral infection caused by the EpsteinBarr virus. Glandular fever is often spread via oral acts such as kissing, contributing its nickname *the kissing disease*. However, glandular fever can also be spread by airborne saliva droplets. 

## Symptoms
Symptoms of glandular fever include:

* Fever
* Fatigue
* Headache
* Sore throat
* Muscle pain
* Sores in the mouth

## Treatment
There is no specific treatment for the Epstein–Barr virus. Paracetamol and NSAIDs can be used to ease the flu-like symptoms. Other than that, very little can be done to treat glandular fever. The symptoms usually pass over the space of about two to four weeks without any complications.

## Diagnosis
In diagnosing glandular fever, your GP will ask you about your symptoms before carrying out a physical examination. They will look for the characteristic signs of glandular fever, such as swollen lymph nodes, tonsils, liver and spleen.

Occasionally, if the physical examination does not clearly show evidence of glandular fever, blood tests can sometimes be done in order to get a diagnosis.
Two types of blood tests can usually help to diagnose glandular fever. These are:

# an antibody test – the Epstein-Barr virus causes your immune system to release certain antibodies that can be detected by testing 
# white blood cell test – a high number of white blood cells] usually indicate the presence of an infection
Antonio de la Cruz

**Antonio de la Cruz** (born 7 May 1947) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Spain national team.

## Club career statistics
|-
|1969–70||Real Valladolid||Segunda División||0||0
|-
|1969–70||rowspan="3"|Granada||rowspan="3"|La Liga||0||0
|-
|1970–71||30||0
|-
|1971–72||34||0
|-
|1972–73||rowspan="7"|Barcelona||rowspan="7"|La Liga||29||1
|-
|1973–74||34||1
|-
|1974–75||29||2
|-
|1975–76||24||0
|-
|1976–77||11||0
|-
|1977–78||34||2
|-
|1978–79||22||0
247||6
247||6
|}

## International career statistics
|-
|1972||3||0
|-
|1973||0||0
|-
|1974||0||0
|-
|1975||0||0
|-
|1976||0||0
|-
|1977||0||0
|-
|1978||3||0
|-
!Total||6||0
|}

## References
Degenerate art

views the *Degenerate Art* show in Munich]]
**Degenerate art** () was the term used by the Nazi regime in Germany to describe nearly all modern art. The Nazis banned the art because they said it was un-German or was Jewish or Bolshevist in nature. Artists who were labeled as degenerate were punished by the laws. They were not allowed to teach, they could not show or sell their art, and some were even forbidden from creating any art at all. 

*Degenerate Art* was also used as the name for an exhibition put on by the Nazis in Munich in 1937. The exhibition was made up of modern artworks, displayed badly, with text labels making fun of the art. This was meant to make people hate modernism. The show traveled to several other cities in Germany and Austria.

While modern styles of art were not allowed, the Nazis liked paintings and sculptures that were very traditional and old fashioned. They thought art should glorify Nazi ideas of the "blood and soil" values of racial purity, militarism, and obedience. Music was also expected to be tonal and free of any jazz influences; movies and plays were censored.  The censorship was done by the Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda.
Luis Robson

**Luis Robson** (born 21 September 1974) is a former Brazilian football player.

## Club career statistics
|-
|1997||rowspan="5"|Spartak Moscow||rowspan="5"|Top League||10||1
|-
|1998||20||3
|-
|1999||20||7
|-
|2000||24||10
|-
|2001||28||11

|-
|2002||Consadole Sapporo||J. League 1||5||0

|-
|2002–03||rowspan="3"|Lorient||rowspan="3"|Ligue 2||18||4
|-
|2003–04||28||7
|-
|2004–05||24||5
102||32
5||0
70||16
177||48
|}
Jadílson

**José Jadílson dos Santos Silva** (born 4 December 1977) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Pelotas.

## Club statistics
## Honours
;Goiás
*Campeonato Goiano: 2006

;São Paulo
*Campeonato Brasileiro Série A: 2007

;Cruzeiro
*Campeonato Mineiro: 2008

## Personal honours
*Brazilian Silver Ball (Placar) - Best Left Back: 2005

## References
Tomislav Erceg

**Tomislav Erceg** (born 22 October 1971) is a former Croatian football player. He has played for Croatia national team.

## Career statistics
### Club
:Source:

### International
### International goals
## Honours
;Hajduk Split
*Croatian First League: 1992, 1993–94, 1994–95
*Croatian Cup: 1993, 1995
*Croatian Super Cup: 1992, 1993, 1994, 2003

;Rijeka
*Croatian Cup: 2005

### Individual
*Croatian Cup top scorer: 1994–95, 2004–05
*Prva HNL Player of the Year (Tportal): 2004
*Croatian First League top scorer: 2004–05
*Fifth all-time top goalscorer of Croatian First League

## References
Ecological niche

An **ecological niche** is the part of the environment into which a species fits, and to which it is adapted. A shorthand definition of **niche** in biology is how an organism makes a living in a place.

However, the term has been used in different ways. It is not only a place but a way of life. For example, grazers, insectivores, scavengers and predators can all live their different lifestyles in the same forest. A niche can be occupied by different species in different places even though they 'earn their living' in roughly the same way. Thus the 'bird of prey eating small mammals' niche would in grasslands include the kestrel, but in an oak wood it would be filled by the tawny owl.

The idea of a niche in natural history is ancient: many writers noticed that animals and plants live in places where they are well adapted to live. The word *niche* was first used in biology by naturalist Roswell Johnson, but in 1917 Joseph Grinnell was the first to use it in a research program. Later, he described the niches of a variety of species. Grinnell was the first to offer the "exclusion principle" in which only one species could occupy a particular niche at any one time.

, such as the common brushtail possum, are often free from many of their usual parasites]]

Scientists who study the interactions between living things, such as animals and their environment are called ecologists, and their branch of science is called ecology. A niche is a term which describes a position or opportunity into which some organism fits well. Thus, an ecological niche is a place in nature that is filled by an animal or plant because it is well suited to do so.

## Invasions 
When a niche is left open, for example by extinction, other organisms may fill that position.

Also, invasive species of plants and animals in a new land often take over all or part of the niches of native organisms.  Sometimes the loss results in the extinction of the natives.

## Niche differentiation
In ecology, **niche differentiation** (also known as **niche segregation**, **niche separation** and **niche partitioning**) is how competing species use the environment differently in a way that helps them to coexist.

## Related pages
*Habitat

## References
Rheydt

**Rheydt** is a borough of the city of Mönchengladbach, Germany. It lies in the very west of North Rhine-Westphalia. 

The first written mention of the town is in 1180. From 1918 until 1933 it was part of the city of Mönchengladbach. Dr. Joseph Goebbels, who was born in Rheydt, arranged for the city to get back its independence. It is a town with many factories, mainly silk and textiles. It was bombed heavily during World War II. In 1975 it again became part of Mönchengladbach. The central station, Rheydt Hauptbahnhof, kept its original name, which makes Mönchengladbach the only city in Germany to have two stations called Hauptbahnhof.

Schloss Rheydt, one of the best preserved palaces of the Renaissance period, is located in Rheydt.
Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga

***Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga*** is a game for the Game Boy Advance. It is the third *Mario* RPG, after *Super Mario RPG* for the SNES and *Paper Mario* for the Nintendo 64. However, it is the first game out of three that stars both Mario and Luigi. The other two games starring both Mario and Luigi are *Mario & Luigi: Partners in Time* and ''Mario & Luigi: Bowser's Inside Story*. *Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga'' was released in North America on November 17, 2003 and in both Japan and Europe on November 21, 2003, and in Australia on November 28, 2003. The game was rereleased for the Wii U's Virtual Console in April 2014 and remade for the Nintendo 3DS in October 2017 titled '''''Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga + Bowser's Minions'''''.

The Beanbean Kingdom ambassador comes to pay an unfriendly visit. They take Princess Peach's voice and then reveal they are the witch Cackletta and servant Fawful. Bowser hears about this when Mario beats him as first boss. Then Bowser helps out by bringing them to the Beanbean kingdom. But the Koopa Cruiser explodes sending them in Stardust Field. Their adventure really begins.
University of Jena

The **University of Jena**, officially the **Friedrich Schiller University Jena** (, abbreviated **FSU**, shortened form *Uni Jena*) is a university in Jena, Germany. It was founded in the year 1558. In 2009, there were more than 21,000 students.

The University of Jena has got ten faculties:
* Theology
* Jurisprudence
* Economics
* Philosophy (including languages, history and others)
* Social sciences
* Mathematics and computer science
* Physics and astronomy
* Chemistry and earth sciences
* Biology and pharmacy
* Medicine

In 1934 the University of Jena was named after Friedrich Schiller. Schiller, a very famous German poet, had been a professor in Jena since the year 1789.

The University of Jena is a member of the Coimbra Group, a group of many important European universities.

## Other websites 
* Website of the University of Jena
Wannsee Conference

The **Wannsee Conference** was a meeting of senior Nazi officials during World War II. It was organized by Adolf Eichmann and Reinhart Heydrich, and took place in the Berlin suburb of Wannsee on 20 January 1942. 

At the Conference, the officials (from various government departments that dealt with Jews) worked together to plan the Holocaust.

## Attendees 
Many important Nazi officials attended the Wannsee Conference. They were all expected to agree with the plans discussed in the meeting. 
 (shown in 1941) helped organize the meeting]]

### Schutzstaffel (SS) officials 
#### Context 
The SS was a Nazi paramilitary organization that played a key role in implementing the Holocaust by:
* Mass-murdering Jews
* Leading death squads called Einsatzgruppen
* Running concentration camps like Dachau and Buchenwald
* Running extermination camps (death camps) like Auschwitz

#### SS Attendees 
SS officers Adolf Eichmann and Reinhart Heydrich organized and ran the Wannsee Conference. Eichmann had been put in charge of finding a "Final Solution to the Jewish question." Both he and Heydrich played central roles in planning the Holocaust. 

* Heinrich Müller, who led the Gestapo (the Nazi secret police)
* Rudolf Lange and Karl Schöngarth, who led Einsatzgruppen death squads in German-occupied Latvia
* Otto Hofmann, head of the Race and Settlement Main Office

### Representing agencies of the state 
The following people represented agencies or departments of the Nazi government:  

Under Heydrich's plan, people who were not healthy enough to do forced labor would be deported to concentration camps. People who could work would be deported eastward to build roads. However, it was expected that they would be worked to death; if not, they would be executed once the projects were finished.  

The Nazis' ultimate goal was to have no Jews in any Nazi-controlled area in the world. This effort to  the Jewish people is called the Holocaust.  

## Effects & legacy 
The Wannsee Conference is viewed as a key event in the planning of the Holocaust. As a result of the meeting, the Nazis built a network of extermination camps. In these camps alone, 1.7 million Jews were murdered between 1942-1943. 

The Wannsee House, where the Conference was held, is now a Holocaust Memorial due to the efforts of historian Joseph Wulf. 

## References
Kuniya Daini

is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team. He also former president of Japan Football Association.

## Biography
Daini was born in Kobe on October 12, 1944. After graduating from Keio University, he joined Mitsubishi Motors in 1970. The club won the Japan Soccer League champions in 1973 and 1978. The club also won 1971, 1973, 1978 Emperor's Cup and 1978 JSL Cup. He retired in 1978. He played 119 games and scored 1 goal in the league. He was selected Best Eleven in 1973.

On July 12, 1972, Daini debuted for the Japan national team against Khmer. In 1974, he was selected Japan for 1974 Asian Games. He also played at 1974 World Cup qualification and 1976 Summer Olympics qualification. He played 44 games for Japan until 1976.

After retirement, Daini became a manager for Mitsubishi Motors as Kenzo Yokoyama successor in 1984. He led the club to won the 3rd place for 2 years in a row (1986-1988). However, in 1989, the club was relegated to Division 2 first time in club history and he resigned.

From 1992, Daini worked at Japan Football Association. He served as vice-president (2006-2012) and president (2012-2016).

## Statistics
|-
|1970||rowspan="9"|Mitsubishi Motors||rowspan="9"|JSL Division 1||14||0
|-
|1971||14||0
|-
|1972||14||0
|-
|1973||18||0
|-
|1974||17||0
|-
|1975||18||1
|-
|1976||18||0
|-
|1977||6||0
|-
|1978||0||0
119||1
119||1
|}

|-
|1972||6||0
|-
|1973||4||0
|-
|1974||7||0
|-
|1975||12||0
|-
|1976||15||0
|-
!Total||44||0
|}

## References
## Other websites
*
Cotton gin

A **cotton gin**, or a cotton engine is a machine that pulls cotton fibers away from the cotton seeds. The modern cotton gin was invented by the American inventor Eli Whitney.It is significant in American history because after its invention, Southerners began growing much more cotton and so they needed more slaves to work on their cotton plantations. Instead of disappearing, slavery became even more important to the Southern economy.

## References
Gale warning

A **gale warning** is an advisory issued to warn people about forecast gale force winds. In the United States, warnings are issued by the National Weather Service to areas that will have winds within the range of 39 to 54 miles per hour or 63 to 69&nbsp;km-h.

## Example
The following is an example of a Gale Warning issued by the National Weather Service office in North Webster, Indiana.

```
URGENT - MARINE WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTHERN INDIANA
901 PM EDT WED OCT 29 2014

LMZ043-046-300915-
/O.CON.KIWX.GL.W.0014.141031T1200Z-141101T0900Z/
NEW BUFFALO MI TO ST JOSEPH MI-MICHIGAN CITY IN TO NEW BUFFALO MI-
901 PM EDT WED OCT 29 2014

...GALE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 8 AM FRIDAY TO 5 AM EDT
SATURDAY...

* WINDS...NORTHWEST 15 TO 25 KNOTS WITH GUSTS TO 30 KNOTS BY
  DAYBREAK FRIDAY...VEERING NORTH TO 35 KNOT GALES WITH GUSTS TO
  45 KNOT GALES FRIDAY. NORTH WINDS DIMINISHING TO 20 TO 30
  KNOTS WITH GUSTS TO 35 KNOT GALES LATE FRIDAY NIGHT.

* WAVES..5 TO 8 FEET LATE THURSDAY NIGHT...BUILDING TO 14 TO 20
  FEET FRIDAY...SUBSIDING TO 8 TO 12 FEET LATE FRIDAY NIGHT.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A GALE WARNING MEANS WINDS OF 34 TO 47 KNOTS ARE IMMINENT OR
OCCURRING. OPERATING A VESSEL IN GALE CONDITIONS REQUIRES
EXPERIENCE AND PROPERLY EQUIPPED VESSELS. IT IS HIGHLY
RECOMMENDED THAT MARINERS WITHOUT THE PROPER EXPERIENCE SEEK SAFE
HARBOR PRIOR TO THE ONSET OF GALE CONDITIONS.

&&

$$

STAY TUNED TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO FOR FURTHER DETAILS OR
UPDATES...OR CHECK OUR WEB SITE AT WEATHER.GOV/IWX/?N=MARINE
```

## References
## Other websites
* Meteorological Service of Canada
James Burton

**James Burton** (born August 21, 1939, in Minden, Louisiana) is an American musician. He is most famous as a guitar player and has played with many famous singers including: Ricky Nelson, Elvis Presley, Johnny Cash, Merle Haggard, John Denver, Jerry Lee Lewis, Elvis Costello, Roy Orbison, Joni Mitchell and the Everly Brothers.

In 2001 Burton was elected into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

The Fender Musical Instruments Corporation makes a special *"Telecaster"* electric guitar which is named after James Burton.

## References
Jeff Burton

**Jeffrey Brian Burton** (born June 29, 1967 in South Boston, Virginia) is a retired Nascar Sprint Cup series driver. Jeff Burton drove the #31 Caterpillar Chevrolet SS for Richard Childress Racing, and used to drive for Roush Racing in the #99 car, as well as racing part-time for Michael Waltrip at Michael Waltrip Racing. Jeff's brother Ward Burton also drove in the Sprint Cup series. In 2013, Burton decided to stop driving in NASCAR and started working for NBC Sports helping broadcast NASCAR Sprint Cup Series races.

## References
Animals of New Zealand

is a national symbol of New Zealand]]

The **animals of New Zealand** have an unusual history. The main thing to know is that the islands were part of Gondwana, from which they separated 84 million years (mya) ago. New Zealand has some animals and plants which survive from that time, and birds which flew there much later. The islands are well known for their terrestrial birds, some of which were large species (the moas). For millions of years the islands did not have any native mammalian carnivores, and the moas' only predators were other birds, such as the giant Haast's eagle.
## History
Humans arrived in New Zealand less than 1,300 years ago. At that time the country's only mammals were bats (which flew there), and  pinnipeds and sea lions (which swam there). This meant that all the ecological niches occupied by mammals in other lands were occupied in New Zealand by either insects or birds. Because of this, the country has an unusually large number of flightless birds, of which only the kiwi, and the kakapo survive. 

Because of the lack of predators, even the bats spend most of their time on the ground. There are also about 60 species of lizard (30 of gecko and 30 of skink), and four species of frog (all rare and endangered). There are two species of tuatara, *Sphenodon*, the only surviving reptile in its order. These living fossils are reptiles of a type which flourished as long ago as 200 million years. While mapping its genome, it has been discovered that the species has between five and six billion base pairs of DNA sequence. The reptile now lives only on the islands in the Cook Strait and the Bay of Plenty.

Humans brought with them the Polynesian Rat (*Kiore*) and the dog. Europeans later brought their domesticated animals. Of these, the rats, ferrets, cats, stoats and dogs have all had serious effect on the original New Zealand animals. They have driven many species to extinction. Possums were later introduced from Australia for a fur industry, and deer from Europe as animals to be hunted. Both seriously damaged the forest habitat of many birds.

In recent years people made efforts to remove mammals from off shores either the animals are big or small. In some parts of the mainland, mammals are being completely eliminated inside fenced areas to create "ecological islands". Examples are the Karori Wildlife Sanctuary in Wellington City, from which about a ton of dead possums was removed after the installation of a mammal-proof fence, and the Maungatautari Restoration Project.

## References
## Other websites
* Native animals of New Zealand  - Department of Conservation.
* Animals of New Zealand - children's learning aid.
Beach erosion

**Coastal erosion** is a term for the removal of beaches or dunes  by waves, tidal currents, wave currents, or drainage.  Waves, caused by storms and wind cause coastal erosion. On rocky coasts, coastal erosion results in dramatic rock formations in areas where the coastline contains rock layers. Softer areas become eroded much faster than harder ones, which can cause things like tunnels, bridges, columns, and pillars.

## Other websites
*Coastal Erosion Information from the Coastal Ocean Institute 
*Environment Agency guide to coastal erosion
Hurricane Grace (1991)

**Hurricane Grace** was a Category 2 hurricane. It lasted only four days. It became part of another cyclone known as the Perfect Storm.

Grace formed on October 26. At first, it was a subtropical cyclone. This means it was partially tropical and partially extratropical. It became a full tropical cyclone on October 27. It later reached winds of . The storm had a little effect on the island of Bermuda when it passed to the south. Another storm to the north made Grace turn east. The hurricane combined with the large circulation of the other low pressure system.

## Meteorological history 
Grace began as a low pressure area in the middle of the atmosphere. It formed on October 23 south of Bermuda. Reports from a ship said that it was in the lower atmosphere by October 25. At first, the storm was like a subtropical cyclone. There were not many thunderstorms around its center. (For a storm to gain strength, strong thunderstorms need to build around it.) The system started being called a subtropical storm on October 26. A separate area of clouds near Bermuda slowly became involved with this storm. There started to be thunderstorms near the center of the storm. Because of this, on October 27, the storm became a tropical storm and was named "Grace".

Grace continued to get larger. Information from satellites gave measures of the storm's strength. Based on that and reconnaissance reports, Grace was changed to a Category 1 hurricane. That is the lowest level on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. The hurricane moved towards the northwest until an extratropical cyclone formed along a cold front on October 28. This storm quickly became stronger and very large. It eventually caused Grace to turn quickly to the east. Around the same time, Grace began to have an eye. Grace moved faster as it moved east. On October 29, it reached its highest strength. Its winds were at . Its minimum central barometric pressure was 980 mbar (hPa; 28.94 inHg). That made it a Category 2.

## Preparations and impact 
On October 27, a tropical storm warning was sent for Bermuda . The next day, the tropical storm warning was made into a hurricane warning. On October 29, the hurricane warning was lowered to a tropical storm warning. This was changed to a gale warning shortly after. Bermuda had some rain and wind from the storm. The rain reached . However, no deaths or bad damage were reported.

Because of its large size, Grace caused large waves along the East Coast of the United States. These waves reached at least  high. No bad property damage occurred. There was minor beach erosion. Carolina Beach, North Carolina lost about  of sand.

The damage from Hurricane Grace was mostly small. Because the damage from the tropical cyclone was not very bad, the name "Grace" was not retired. It was reused during the 1997 Atlantic hurricane season.

## Related pages
*1991 Atlantic hurricane season
*1991 Halloween Nor'easter

## References 
## Other websites 
*Hurricane Grace Preliminary Report
*List of Bermuda hurricanes
LeVar Burton

**Levardis Robert Martyn "LeVar" Burton Jr.** (born February 16, 1957) is an American actor. He first became famous for acting in the television series *Roots*. He is probably best known for his role in the popular television series *Star Trek: The Next Generation*, and as the host of the PBS show *Reading Rainbow*. He is also the host of the American game show *Trivial Pursuit*.

LeVar Burton has also written a book called *The Aftermath*. He has also done work as a television director.

LeVar Burton has two children, a son and a daughter. He lives with his wife and daughter in California.

## Awards
### Nominations
* 1977 Emmy — Outstanding Lead Actor for a Single Performance in a Drama or Comedy Series —' Roots ' (Part 1, "Kunta Kinte")
* 1996, 1999 Daytime Emmy — Outstanding Children's Series —' Reading Rainbow ' (Executive Producer)
* 1999, 2003, 2005 Daytime Emmy — Outstanding Performer in a Children's Series —' Reading Rainbow ' (Self)
* 2004 Genie Award — Best Achievement in Music-Original Song —' Blizzard ' (Co-composer "Center of My Heart")
* 2006 Black Reel Award — Best Director-Television —' Miracle's Boys '

### Wins
* Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 7030 Hollywood Blvd. *for television achievement* (unveiled 1990)
* 1992 Peabody Award — *Reading Rainbow* (as executive producer of episode, "The Wall")
* 1995–1996, 1999, 2002-2003 Image Award — *variously for* Outstanding Performer in a Children's Series and Outstanding Youth or Children's Series/Special —' Reading Rainbow ' (both as Self and as Executive Producer)
* 2000 Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album - *The Autobiography of Martin Luther King, Jr.*
* 2001–2003, 2005 Daytime Emmy — Outstanding Children's Series—' Reading Rainbow ' (Executive Producer)
* 2001-2002 Daytime Emmy — Outstanding Performer in a Children's Series — ' Reading Rainbow ' (Self)
* 2003 Television Critics Association Award — Outstanding Achievement in Children's Programming —' Reading Rainbow ' (Executive Producer)
* 2004 Chicago International Children's Film Festival — Best of Fest — ' Blizzard ' (Director)

## References 
## Other websites
*LeVar Burton  (personal website)
*Burton / Wolfe Entertainment  (production company)
*
*
Eli Whitney

**Eli Whitney** (December 8, 1765 – January 8, 1825) was an American inventor. He is known as the inventor of the cotton gin, an important invention in the Industrial Revolution. He made it in 1793 March 14. He was born in Westborough, Massachusetts. 

## References
Indestructible Records

The **Indestructible Record Company** was started in 1906 by William Messer, who used to work for Thomas Lambert, the inventor of plastic cylinder records. They started making 4-minute cylinders (with 200 grooves in an inch instead of 100) in 1909. In the 1910s they started dubbing cylinder masters from disc masters made by Columbia, and also from Federal Record Corporation disc masters—also done by Edison (with his ) starting in 1915. They used Federal masters after Federal was launched in 1919 by Indestructible. In the fall of 1922, there was a large factory fire that shut down all cylinder production permanently. Production of Federal discs was stopped for a while, but masters were still recorded on and off, and Federal was bought by Emerson Records in 1925. Emerson still survives today as a radio maker.
Gonaïves

**Gonaïves** (Kréyòl: *Gonayiv*) is a port city in western Haiti. It is the capital city of the Artibonite *Département*.

The city is on the coast of the *Gonaïve* Bay, on the northeast of the Gulf of Gonâve, about 171&nbsp;km north of the Haitian capital Port-au-Prince. It is also the chief town of an *arrondissement* (a part of a department) with the same name. The *arrondissement* has three *communes* (a *commune* is like a municipality): Gonaïves, Ennery and Estère.

## History 
 was built in Gonaïves to celebrate 100 years of Haitian independence|left]]
In 1802, the Battle of *Ravine-à-Couleuvres*, an important battle of the Haitian Revolution, was fought near Gonaïves.

Gonaïves is also known as City of Independence because it was there that Jean-Jacques Dessalines declared Haiti independent from France on 1 January 1804.

Floods produced by rains from tropical storms and hurricanes devastated the city and many people died in September 2004 (Hurricane Jeanne), and again four years later, in August-September 2008 (Hurricane Hanna).

## Economy 
Gonaïves is an important commercial centre. The agricultural products of the region (coffee, cotton, sugar and bananas) are sent to other countries and other parts of Haiti from the harbor of the city.

## Media 
### Radio 
* Radio Explosion FM
* Radio Continentale FM
* Radio Independence
* Radio Kiss FM
* Radio Mega Max FM
* Radio Provinciale FM
* Radio Pyramide FM
* Radio Trans-Artibonite
* Radio Gonaives FM
* Radio Etincelle FM
* Radio Trans Atlantique F.M

## References 
## Other websites 
* Haïti Référence: Perfil de la ville de Gonaïves  - Information on Gonaïves (French text).
Funhouse

"**Funhouse**" is a song by pop singer, Pink. It is the fifth release from her 2008 album, entitled the same as the name of the song, *Funhouse*. It tells of Pink's split with a partner. It reached 20th position in the UK Singles Chart. There is also a techno remix of the song.

## References
Britannia

from 1963. The coin has a relief of Britannia sitting next to the sea. She holds a trident and shield and she wears a helmet. On her shield is the Union Jack.]]
 depicting *Britannia*]]
**Britannia** () is the  personification of Britain as a woman with a trident and shield and wearing a helmet. The image of Britannia was first used in classical antiquity. The word *Britannia* in Latin could mean the British Isles, the island of Great Britain, or the Roman province of Britain in the time of the Roman Empire.

Images of Britannia show her sitting or lying down with a spear and shield. This image was first used on Roman coins in the 2nd century AD. Britannia  the name  as the common name for the island used by the Romans. Britannia was also a goddess. Latin text on a gritstone base for a statue from Eboracum (York) gives the goddess the name "Holy Britannia" (). This stone was in existence in 1740, but it is now lost. 

## Related pages
* Ancient Britons
* Britons
* Brittany
* Brythonic languages
* Roman Britain
* Rule, Britannia!
* Sub-Roman Britain

## References
The Taking of Pelham 123 (2009 movie)

***The Taking of Pelham 123*** is a 2009 American crime thriller movie. It was directed by Tony Scott and stars Denzel Washington and John Travolta. It is based on the novel of the same name written by Morton Freedgood (writing under the pseudonym John Godey) and 1974 movie *The Taking of Pelham One Two Three*. It is set in New York City.

## Cast 
* Denzel Washington as Walter Garber
* John Travolta as Dennis 'Ryder' Ford / Mr. Blue 
* John Turturro as Lieutenant Vincent Camonetti
* Luis Guzman as Phil Ramos / Mr. Green
* Michael Rispoli as John Johnson
* James Gandolfini as the Mayor of New York
* Frank Wood as Police Commissioner Sterman
* John Benjamin Hickey as Deputy Mayor LaSalle
* Gary Basaraba as Jerry Pollard
* Ramon Rodriguez as Delgado
* Gbenga Akinnagbe as Wallace
* Katherine Sigismund as Mother
* Aunjanue Ellis as Theresa
* Alex Kaluzhsky as George
* Tonye Patano as Regina
* Jason Butler Harner as Mr. Thomas
* Robert Vataj as Emri / Mr. Brown
* Jake Siciliano as 8-year-old boy 
* Victor Gojcaj as Bashkin / Mr. Gray
* Brian Haley as Police Captain Hill 
* Adrian Martinez as Cabbie

## Other websites 
*
Obsessed (Mariah Carey song)

"**Obsessed**" is a song by singer Mariah Carey. It is on her album *Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel*. It is the lead single from the album. The song was released June 16, 2009.
Nada Surf

**Nada Surf** is an American alternative rock band from New York. They formed their band in 1992. There are 3 members in the band. They are also known as "North Sixth Street".

## References 
*Nada Surf Information
Run This Town

**Run This Town** is a song by the American rapper Jay-Z. It features rapper Kanye West and singer Rihanna. It is from Jay-Z's album, *Blueprint 3*. It is 4:27 long, and was released in 2009.
Keisuke Ota

**Keisuke Ota** (born 23 July 1981) is a Japanese football player. He plays for JEF United Ichihara Chiba.

## Club career statistics
|-
|2000||Shimizu S-Pulse||J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2001||Ventforet Kofu||J. League 2||43||11||3||2||2||0||colspan="2"|-||48||13
|-
|2002||rowspan="6"|Shimizu S-Pulse||rowspan="6"|J. League 1||2||0||0||0||6||1||3||0||11||1
|-
|2003||8||0||4||0||1||1||colspan="2"|-||13||1
|-
|2004||29||1||1||0||7||0||colspan="2"|-||37||1
|-
|2005||17||3||1||0||4||1||colspan="2"|-||22||4
|-
|2006||2||0||0||0||2||1||colspan="2"|-||4||1
|-
|2007||2||0||0||0||2||2||colspan="2"|-||4||2
|-
|2007||rowspan="3"|Kashiwa Reysol||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||16||3||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||17||3
|-
|2008||34||6||4||0||6||1||colspan="2"|-||44||7
|-
|2009||7||0||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||8||0
|-
|2009||rowspan="2"|JEF United Ichihara Chiba||J. League 1||11||0||3||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||14||0
|-
|2010||J. League 2||||||||||||||||||||
171||24||17||2||31||7||3||0||222||33
171||24||17||2||31||7||3||0||222||33
|}

## References
Frédéric Antonetti

**Frédéric Antonetti** (born 19 August 1961) is a former French football player.

## Managerial statistics
## Honours
**Bastia**
*Coupe de la Ligue runner-up: 1994–95
*UEFA Intertoto Cup: 1997

**Saint-Étienne**
*Ligue 2: 2003–04

**Nice**
*Coupe de la Ligue runner-up: 2005–06

**Rennes**
*Coupe de la Ligue runner-up: 2012–13

**Lille**
*Coupe de la Ligue runner-up: 2015–16

**Metz**
*Ligue 2: 2018–19

## References
Sota Nakazawa

**Sota Nakazawa** (born 26 October 1982) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Gamba Osaka.

## Club statistics
### Club World Cup statistics
## Team honors
*AFC Champions League – 2008
*Pan-Pacific Championship – 2008
*Emperor's Cup – 2008, 2009
*J.League Cup – 2007
*Japanese Super Cup – 2007

## Youth National Team career
*AFC Youth Championship : 2000
*FIFA World Youth Championship : 2001

## References
Ellis Island

were going to Canada to work as domestic servants]]
**Ellis Island** is an island near New York City. It was used for immigrants coming from other countries to the United States from 1892 until 1954. Some immigrants to other countries, like Canada, also went through the island. It is located in Upper New York harbor, north of Liberty Island (Statue of Liberty) and east of Liberty state park. 

## Other websites
Headphones

**Headphones** (also known as **earphones**, **headsets**, or **stereophones**) are electronic speakers that people wear over their ears. They let people hear sounds on many types of devices, including MP3 players, mobile phones, and computers. Headphones come in many different sizes. Earbuds are tiny headphones put into the ear. Headphones typically use small plugs for connection. Some use Bluetooth connections for easy wireless listening.

Deafness and other hearing problems can happen when listening to headphones with a high volume for a long time.

## References
Processed cheese

**Processed cheese** is a dairy product. It is made from cheese. Other unfermented dairy products, emulsifiers, salts, food colorings and whey may be added to this. 

## History
The first processed cheese was made by Walter Gerber in Thun, Switzerland in 1911. Today, this is still sold as *Gala*. The first processed cheese in Germany was made by Gebrüder Wiedemann, in 1922. This was named *Adler* (which is German for Eagle). At approximately the same time, Fromageries Bel launched La vache qui rit, which is still available today. In Austria, it was *Alma*, in 1921.

## Advantages and disadvantages
There are a number of advantages of processed cheese over regular cheese. These are:
*Processed cheese has a longer shelf-life
*It is possible to use leftovers from other cheesemaking processes.
*The melting process can be controlled better. Regular cheese often separates into fat, and proteins.
*There are fewer flavors of processed cheese than of unprocessed cheese
One disadvantage of processed cheese is that it is unhealthier than other types of cheese if too much is eaten too often.

## See also 
* Processed meat and other processed food
* Healthy diet 

## References