open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Movement for Rights and Freedoms

The **Movement for Rights and Freedoms (MRF)** (; ), is a political party in Bulgaria. Their ideologies are centrism and liberalism. The MRF is a member of the Liberal International and the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe. The MRF represents Turks in Bulgaria.

The MRF was founded on 4 January 1990. The founder chairman of the MRF was Ahmed Dogan. After him, his deputy Lyutvi Mestan is elected as the 2nd chairman of the MRF.

## Leaders of the MRF 
# Ahmed Dogan (4 January 1990–19 January 2013)
# Lyutvi Mestan (19 January 2013–December 2015)
# Mustafa Karadayı (24 April 2016 - present)

## References 
## Other websites 
* Party official website
Cynthia

**Cynthia** is a female given name that comes from Greek word *kynthia*. It is pronounced [ **sin**-thee-*uh* ]. There are several different versions for this name. One short version is *Cindy*. Cynthia is a Greek-origin name which translates to "from Mount Kynthos". It is derived from the Greek goddess of the moon, also referred to as Cynthia, and has become synonymous with the moon and the night sky. The name frequently indicates beauty, grace, and elegance.This name was ranked #806 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

There are many well known people under the name, including Cynthia McKinney and Cynthia Nixon. The short version, *Cindy*, is being used for Atlantic Basin tropical cyclones.

## People
* Cynthia Dobrinski (born 1950), handbell composer
* Cynthia Gibb (born 1963), American actress
* Cynthia Tse Kimberlin, American ethnomusicologist
* Cynthia McKinney (born 1955), American politician
* Lady Cynthia Mosley (1898–1933), British politician
* Cynthia Myers (1950-2011),  actress
* Cynthia Nixon (born 1966), American actress
* Cynthia Ortega (born 1956), Dutch politician
* Cynthia Watros (born 1968), American actress
* Cynthia Lennon (1939-2015), former wife of John Lennon 
* Cynthia Lummis (born 1954), American politician 
* Cynthia Erivo (born 1987), British actress, singer, and songwriter
* Cynthia DeFelice, American children's writer

## Places
* Cynthia Peninsula, a peninsula in northeastern Ontario, Canada
* Cynthia, Alberta, a hamlet in central Alberta, Canada

## References
Warren Truss

**Warren Truss** (born 8 October 1948, Kingaroy, Queensland) is an Australian politician. He was elected as the member for Wide Bay in the Australian Parliament in 1990. He became the leader of the National Party in 2007. In the Howard government, Truss was Minister for Customs and Consumer Affairs and Minister for Community Services. In July 1999 Truss became of Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry. In 2005 he became Minister for Transport and Regional Services. In September 2006 he became Minister for Trade.

## References
Earl Weaver

**Earl Sidney Weaver** (August 14, 1930 &ndash; January 19, 2013) was an American professional baseball player and manager. After playing in minor league baseball, he retired without playing in Major League Baseball (MLB). He became a minor league manager, and then managed in MLB for 17 years with the Baltimore Orioles (1968–1982; 1985–1986). He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1996.

Weaver was born on August 14, 1930 in St. Louis, Missouri. He was raised in Baltimore, Maryland. Weaver was married to Jane Johnston for fourteen years unti they divorced. Then he was married to Marianna Osgood from 1964 until his death in 2013. He had four children. Weaver died on January 19, 2013 while on a cruise ship in the Caribbean Sea from a heart attack, aged 82. He died on the same day as Stan Musial.

## References
## Other websites
*Video of Earl Weaver arguing with an umpire, and being ejected from the game
Stan Musial

**Stanley Frank "Stan" Musial** (born **Stanisław Franciszek Musiał**; November 21, 1920 &ndash; January 19, 2013) or **Stan the Man** was an American professional baseball player who played 22 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the St. Louis Cardinals (1941–1963).  He is the National League's all-time leader in doubles, among many other records for doubles.

President Barack Obama presented Musial with Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest honor that can be given to a civilian, at the White House on February 15, 2011. Musial was a first-ballot inductee to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1969. He began to play baseball in 1941 until his retirement in 1963.

Musial was born on November 21, 1920 in Donora, Pennsylvania. He had Czech and Polish parents. He studied at the University of Pittsburgh.

Musial was married to the former Lillian Labash from 1940 until her death in May 2012. They had four children. Musial died on January 19, 2013 in the St. Louis suburb of Ladue, Missouri from natural causes, aged 92. He died on the same day as Earl Weaver.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*Stan Musial: The Man  – slideshow by *Life magazine*
*The Sporting News  – interview with Stan Musial and Tony Gwynn, July 1997
Screaming Trees

**Screaming Trees** were an American grunge band from Ellensburg, Washington.

The band was formed in 1985 by brothers Gary Lee Conner and Van Conner. The band formed because the members had an interest in the punk, garage, and classic rock genres in high school.

They released their debut album, *Clairvoyance*, on February 13, 1986. The band gained fame from the early 1990s grunge movement along with bands like Alice in Chains, Nirvana, Stone Temple Pilots, Soundgarden and Pearl Jam. The band broke up in 2000.

## Band members
*Mark Lanegan - lead vocals, guitar (1985–2000)
*Gary Lee Conner - guitar, backing vocals (1985–2000)
*Van Conner - bass, backing vocals (1985–2000)
*Mark Pickerel - drums (1985–1991)
*Barrett Martin - drums, percussion, backing vocals (1991–2000)
*Donna Dresch - bass (1988, 1991) (touring)
*Sean Hollister - drums (1991) (touring)
*Dan Peters - drums (1991) (touring)
*Josh Homme - rhythm guitar (1996-1998) (touring)

## Discography
;Studio albums
**Clairvoyance* (1986)
**Even If and Especially When* (1987)
**Invisible Lantern* (1988)
**Buzz Factory* (1989)
**Uncle Anesthesia* (1991)
**Sweet Oblivion* (1992)
**Dust* (1996)
**Last Words: The Final Recordings* (2011)

;EPs
* *Other Worlds* (1985)
* *Beat Happening/Screaming Trees EP* (1988)
* *Something About Today* (1990)
* *Change Has Come* (1991)
* *Winter Songs Tour Tracks* (1992)

## References
Zizan Razak

**Mohammad Razizan Abdul Razak** (born 15 April 1984), better known as **Zizan Razak**, is a Malaysian comedian. He is also a television host, actor, and most recently a rapper and a singer. He has also been in several reality television shows. He was runner-up (second place) in the first season of Raja Lawak (King of Comedy), a competition for comedians. In it he was known as "**Zizan Raja Lawak**". He was also a participant in Maharaja Lawak (Emperor of Comedy), which was a second series of competitions for the finalists of each season of *Raja Lawak*. In the show, he was paired (as a team) with Johan Raja Lawak. They were known as "Jozan". They came second in the series, and won RM 250 thousand. Zizan was also in the reality show Super Spontan, which he won and took the prize of RM 100,000 and a Toyota Camry.

## Personal
Zizan was born in Dungun, Terengganu. He is the younger of two siblings.

In 2011, Zizan was rumoured to be dating with Juliana Evans after starring together in the movie Hantu Bonceng. They later acted together in Mael Lambong.

## Filmography
### Television
**Bolos*
**Jozan Show*
**Funniest Pets & Peoples*
**Konsert Lawak*
**Zizan Show*
**Melodi*

### Reality shows
**Raja Lawak*
**Spontan*
**Redah Kasi Pecah*
**Jangan Lupa Lirik: Raya Raya Raya!! 2010*
**Anda Ada 60 Saat*
**Maharaja Lawak*
**Mega Raya 2011*
**Super Spontan*
**Lawak Ke Der?*
**Lawak Ke Der?2*
**Clever Edisi Malaysia*
**Maharaja Lawak Mega 2012*

### Telemovies
*Gaia The Movie (2008)
**Drogba & Rooney* (2011)
**Chapalrela*
**Oh My Ganu (Oh My English)*

## Controversy
### Hantu Bonceng film
Zizan was asked to say sorry for something he said in the comedy Hantu Bonceng in September 2011. It was said to insult Islam. Dewan Pemuda PAS Malaysia condemned what they saw as a clear insult to Allah. They referred to Zizan saying "Ashaduanna Muhammadar...syaitan", which means "I bear witness that Muhammad is ... the devil". Ustaz Azhar Idrus, an Islamic leader in Terengganu, also asked Zizan to repent to Allah.

## Awards and nominations
## References
## Other websites
*Zizan Raja Lawak  in Sinema Malaysia
*Akaun Facebook Zizan Raja Lawak 
*Akaun Twitter Zizan Raja Lawak
*Zizan Fanpage
Skinner (movie)

***Skinner*** is a 1993 independent movie, splatter and slasher motion picture starring Ted Raimi, Traci Lords, Ricki Lake and Richard Schiff.

## Synopsis
Dennis Skinner is a likeable decent-looking lad, who is driven by a disturbing childhood;  as a skid row slasher style, serial killer who tends to prey on hookers, in-between those co-workers of his who despise him as he does in return. Who *punishes* those (he finds offensive) in particular, by flaying his victims alive. On his trail is Heidi, a junkie prostitute, who survived one of his brutal attacks and now strives for revenge.

## Cast
* Ted Raimi as Dennis Skinner 
* Traci Lords as Heidi
* Ricki Lake as Kerry Tate
* Richard Schiff as Eddie
* David Warshofsky as Geoff Tate 
* Blaire Baron as Gloria
* Christina Englehardt as Rachel
* Time Winters as Night watchman
* Roberta Eaton as Sandy 
* Dewayne Williams as Earl
* Frederika Kesten as Suzanne
* Sara Lee Froton as Young Woman

## Other websites
*
Wally Pfister

**Walter C. "Wally" Pfister** (born July 8, 1961) is an Academy Award-winning American cinematographer and movie director who is known for his cinematography in *Batman Begins*, *Memento*, *Moneyball*, *Insomnia*, *The Dark Knight*, *Inception*, and in *The Dark Knight Rises*. He began his directing career in the 2014 movie *Transcendence*.

Pfister was born on July 8, 1961 in Chicago, Illinois. He was raised both in Chicago and in New York City, New York. Pfister was married to Anna Julien since 1992. They had three children.

## References
## Other websites
*A Conversation with Wally Pfister
*
Last Exit to Brooklyn (movie)

***Last Exit to Brooklyn*** is a 1989 English-language British-German drama movie, directed by Uli Edel, and based on the novel by Hubert Selby Jr.

## Plot
In the 1950s in Brooklyn, a group of prostitutes, unionist activists and drag queens lead difficult lives, an existence of drugs, crime and violence in a working class Brooklyn neighborhood.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Cabin Boy

***Cabin Boy*** is a 1994 fantasy comedy movie directed by Adam Resnick and co-produced by Tim Burton, which starred comedian Chris Elliott. Elliott co-wrote the movie with Resnick. Both men worked for *Late Night with David Letterman* in the 1980s, as well as co-creating the short-lived FOX sitcom *Get a Life* in the early 1990s.

The project was originally to be directed by Tim Burton, who had contacted Chris Elliott after seeing *Get a Life*. Resnick took over after Burton was offered the movie *Ed Wood*.

## Cast
*Chris Elliott as Nathaniel Mayweather
*Andy Richter as Kenny
*Albert Brooks as Old Salt In Fishing Village
*Mike Starr as Mulligan the Giant
*Jim Cummings as the Floating Cupcake (voice)
*Brion James as Big Teddy
*Brian Doyle-Murray as Skunk
*James Gammon as Paps
*Ritch Brinkley as Captain Greybar
*Melora Walters as Trina
*Bob Elliott as William Mayweather

## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Danielle

**Danielle** is a female given name. It is pronounced [ dan-**yel** ]. It is feminine of the name *Daniel*. *Daniel* is Hebrew for "God is my judge". Danielle is a strongly popular female name for certain countries. This name was ranked #443 on the US Popular Names in 2021. 

There are many variants for this name. Famous people by the name include Danielle Steel and Danielle Fishel. This name is currently being used on Atlantic tropical cyclones.

## People 
* Danielle Harris, American actress, voice actress, and film director
* Danielle Campbell, American actress
* Danielle Fishel, American actress

## References
Rajbari District

**Rajbari** (, *Rajbari Jela* or *Rajbari Zila*) is a district in central Bangladesh. It is a part of the Dhaka Division.

## References
Martha

**Martha** [ **mahr**-th*uh* ] is a female given name. Martha is an ancient name with a fascinating background and significance. Its origins can be traced back to the Aramaic language, where it is derived from the word "marta," which means "lady" or "mistress." In the Bible, Martha is recognized as the sister of Lazarus and Mary, and she is celebrated for her hospitality and dedication to serving Jesus.  The name has been around through many centuries. Martha of Bethany is a very notable person who has the name. She is described in the Gospel of John and the Gospel of Luke. There are other people with this female name, including Martha Stewart, Martha McSally and Martha Coakley. The name was used for an Atlantic hurricane in 1969. This name was ranked #728 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

## People 
* Martha Stewart, American businesswoman, writer, television personality, and former fashion model
* Martha MacIsaac, Canadian actress
* Martha Washington, inaugural First Lady of the United States (1789–1797)

## References
Rose (name)

**Rose** [ rohz ] is a female given name based on the flower. The name "Rose" has been a popular choice for baby girls for centuries due to its timeless and attractive qualities. The name originates from the Latin term "rosa," which refers to the flower known as the "rose." Throughout history, "Rose" has been associated with the concepts of love, beauty, and purity, making it a meaningful and symbolic option for parents searching for a name for their daughter. This name was ranked #116 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

## Origin 
This feminine name comes from a late Latin word *rosa*.

## Variants
There are many variants. One of them is *Rosemary*.

## Uses
The name Rose is currently under List One of the Atlantic tropical cyclone names.

## People 
* Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy, American philanthropist and mother of John F. Kennedy
* Rose McGowan, American actress, director and activist

## References
The 300 Spartans

***The 300 Spartans*** is a 1962 Cinemascope movie depicting the Battle of Thermopylae. It was shot in the village of Perachora in the Peloponnese. It stars Richard Egan as the Spartan king Leonidas I, Ralph Richardson as Themistocles of Athens, and David Farrar as Persian king Xerxes. Diane Baker as Ellas and Barry Coe as Phylon provide the romantic element. 

The movie is about a force of Greek warriors led by 300 Spartans which fights against an enormous  Persian army. The Spartans will not flee or surrender, even if it means their deaths. 

When it was released in 1962, critics saw the movie as a commentary on the Cold War. It was impossible to shoot at Thermopylae. The sea had receded about 3 miles farther away from the narrow pass. Some 5,000 members of the Royal Hellenic Army were loaned by the King of Greece to portray both the Spartans and the Persians.
Transition state

In a chemical reaction, the **transition state** is the point where there is a maximum value of energy. This energy is called the activation energy. When two or more molecules are mixed, they will hit each other. If they hit with enough energy to go through the transition state, they will react and form new molecules. At the transition state, new bonds are formed while the old ones are broken. In a graph or a drawing, the transition state is often marked with the double dagger ‡ symbol.

]]

It is very difficult to study a transition state. This is because it is so high in energy that the molecules will stay in that form for a very short time, usually femtoseconds. It is important not to confuse transition states with intermediates. Intermediates are found at minimum points of energy, and they can live for a very long time. Like a transition state, however, an intermediate is between reagents and products of a reaction.

Studying transition states is very important to understand reaction mechanisms. There are theories and computer programs that can be used to calculate how the transition state looks like. This is a part of chemical kinetics. 

## References
Winged Victory of Samothrace

The ***Winged Victory of Samothrace*** (or ***Nike of Samothrace***) is a Parian marble sculpture now in the Louvre, Paris, France.  It is believed to have been made about 190 BC. It was discovered in 1863. It commemorates Nike, the Greek victory in a sea battle near Samothrace. It stands 2.44 m high. The work presents a pose where violent motion and sudden stillness meet. It is notable for its graceful balance and for the rendering of the figure's draped garments, depicted as if rippling in a strong sea breeze.

## References 
*
Rose McGowan

**Rósa Arianna McGowan** (born September 5, 1973), better known as **Rose McGowan**, is an American former actress, model, singer, and author. She is best known to television audiences for her role as Paige Matthews in The WB supernatural drama series *Charmed* (2001–2006), and also for her recurring role in ABC's long running fantasy series *Once Upon a Time* as young Cora Mills.

McGowan made her film debut in the comedy *Encino Man* (1992), wherein she played a small role. Her performance as Amy Blue in Gregg Araki's dark comedy *The Doom Generation* (1995) brought her wider attention, and she received an Independent Spirit Award nomination for her performance. McGowan appeared as Tatum Riley in the horror film *Scream* (1996) and starred alongside Ben Affleck in the coming-of-age feature *Going All the Way* (1997). She appeared in several Hollywood films, including *Devil in the Flesh* (1998), *Jawbreaker* (1999), *Ready to Rumble* (2000), *Monkeybone* (2001), and *The Black Dahlia* (2006). McGowan played Ann-Margret, alongside Jonathan Rhys Meyers as Elvis Presley, in the CBS miniseries *Elvis* (2005). She starred in *Planet Terror* (2007) and had a supporting role in *Death Proof* (2007), both part of the double-feature film directed by Robert Rodriguez and Quentin Tarantino, *Grindhouse*. Next, she starred in the crime thriller film *Fifty Dead Men Walking* (2008).

In 1996, McGowan was the cover model for the Henry Mancini tribute album *Shots in the Dark*, and she was the face of the American clothing company Bebe from 1998 to 1999. She has also appeared on numerous magazine covers, including *Seventeen*, *Interview*, *Maxim*, *GQ*, *Entertainment Weekly*, and *Rolling Stone*.

After the Harvey Weinstein sexual abuse scandal broke and the #MeToo movement began, McGowan has been a supportive figure speaking out against harassment.

In March 2018, McGowan came out as non-binary. February 2021, McGowan became a permanent resident of Mexico and lives in Tulum, Quintana Roo.

## References
300 (comics)

***300*** is a graphic novel written and drawn by Frank Miller and colored by Lynn Varley. It tells the story of the Spartans, the Persians, and the Battle of Thermopylae. The individual volumes were collected and reprinted in their entire by Dark Horse in 1999. *Publishers Weekly* wrote: "Form and content are ideally wedded: Miller's writing is stark, his drawings moody and dramatic, and intensified by Varley's grimly appropriate palette of earth and blood. The reader can see and feel the harshness of both the Grecian landscape and Sparta's battle-worshipping culture, as Miller presents the complex historical moment facing the 300." The novel was made into a movie.
Sacred Band of Thebes

The **Sacred Band of Thebes** was an elite fighting unit within the ancient Theban army of the 4th century BC. The earliest surviving record of the Sacred Band by name was made in 324 BC. The unit was comprised of 150 male lovers.  It was believed these men would make better warriors. Plutarch (46–120 AD) is the source of the most substantial surviving account of the Sacred Band. In his *Life of Pelopidas* Plutarch wrote, "Since the lovers, ashamed to be base in sight of their beloved, and the beloved before their lovers, willingly rush into danger for the relief of one another." The band was reportedly organized by the Theban commander Gorgidas in 378 BC. Male couples were originally dispersed throughout the ranks of the army. It was later decided to create a separate squad. The squad played a crucial role in the Battle of Leuctra. It was completely destroyed by Philip II of Macedon in the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC.

## References
Themistocles

**Themistocles** (?524 BC-?460 BC) was an Ancient Greek Athenian which he commanded in the engagement against the Persians at the Battle of Salamis in 480 BC.

After the war he became unpopular and had to leave. He went to work for the Persian Empire.

## References
Greek shield

The *Greek shield* of Ancient Greece was called a **hoplon** or **aspis**. It was from this word that **hoplite** (a Greek soldier) is derived. 

A hoplon was a deeply-dished shield made of wood. Some shields had a thin sheet of bronze on the outer face. This was placed just around the rim. In some periods, the shield was decorated. At other times, it remained undecorated. These large shields were designed for a mass of hoplites to push forward into the opposing army, and it was their most essential equipment. The shield was carried in the left hand. It was used by Spartans as a weapon of attack.

Probably the most famous decoration is the Spartan. This was a capital lambda (Λ). From the late 5th century BC onward, Athenian hoplites usually used the Little Owl (Athena's sacred bird). The shields of Theban hoplites were sometimes decorated with a sphinx, or the club of Herakles. 

## References
Activation energy

The **activation energy** of a chemical reaction is the minimum energy that is needed to make the reaction happen. It usually has the symbol Ea and it is measured in kilojoule per mole. It can be thought of as a barrier between the reagents and the products of a reaction. The activation energy is the difference in energy between the transition state and the starting reagents.

## Arrhenius equation 
This equation is a way of calculating the activation energy. Its form is:
:k = A e^{{-E_a}/{RT}}
Here, *k* is the rate constant of the reaction (which can be measured using chemical kinetics), *A* is a frequency factor, *R* is the universal gas constant, *T* is the temperature. If we measure how fast the reaction goes at different temperatures, then we can make a graph and calculate the activation energy using this equation.

## Catalysis 
When using a catalyst the activation energy is made smaller. This means that the reaction can go faster at the same temperature. The catalyst does not change the energy of the reagents or the products. Also, the catalyst does not change in the reaction. Therefore, it can be used again and again and only a small amount of a catalyst is needed. 

## References
Breadfruit

The **breadfruit** tree is an evergreen tree in the mulberry family. It produces fruit called breadfruit.

Originally, the tree grew in Southeast Asia. It has now been cultivated and is grown in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Central and South America and the Caribbean. 

The tree can reach a height of up to .  The fruits contain a lot of starch, much like potatoes; they are ground to make flour, which can then be used for baking.

## History 
Ancestors of the Polynesians found the trees growing in the northwest New Guinea area around 3,500 years ago. They gave up the rice cultivation they had brought with them from Taiwan, and raised breadfruit instead. 

They took the trees with them wherever they went in the Pacific. The exceptions were Easter Island and New Zealand: both places were too cold to grow the trees. Meanwhile, ancient eastern Indonesians spread the plant west and north through insular and coastal Southeast Asia. 

In the past, the breadfruit tree was also widely planted in other tropical regions.

### The Mutiny on the *Bounty* 
The Mutiny on the *Bounty* was caused by breadfruit trees. In 1787, William Bligh was ordered to chop down a number of breadfruit trees in Tahiti and to ship them to the Caribbean. There they would serve as a cheap food for the slaves working on plantations. The main plantations at the time grew sugarcane. 

This was the first attempt a government made to grow an economically important plant in a place that it is not native to. The attempt failed, because the seamen did not understand why the drinking water supply was used to water the plants; they threw the plants overboard.

Bligh was able to ship the trees in a second voyage. Arriving in the Caribbean, he faced a different problem: The slaves there did not accept breadfruit as a replacement for cereals. 

Bligh won the Royal Society medal for his efforts, even though the introduction was not entirely successful. Although most slaves refused to eat the new food, breadfruit was accepted into the cuisine of Puerto Rico.

## References
Robert de Cotte

**Robert de Cotte** (1656 &ndash; 15 July 1735) was a French architect-administrator. He introduced the Rococo style. He was a pupil of Jules Hardouin-Mansart. He later became his teacher's brother-in-law and his collaborator. De Cotte married Hardouin-Mansart's sister. After Hardouin-Mansart's death, de Cotte completed his unfinished projects. These included the royal chapel at Versailles and the Grand Trianon.
Paolo Veronese

**Paolo Veronese** (1528 – 19 April 1588) was an Italian painter of the Renaissance. He was a Venetian. He is remembered for paintings such as *The Wedding at Cana* and *The Feast in the House of Levi*. He became known as "Veronese" from his birthplace in Verona. His best works are elaborate narratives. These are executed in a dramatic and colorful Mannerist style. They are full of majestic architectural settings and pageantry. His large paintings of biblical feasts are especially notable.

## Gallery 

File:Paolo Veronese 041.jpg|*Iseppo and Adriano da Porto*
Academia - Assumption of the Virgin by Veronese cat 541.jpg|*Assumption of the Virgin*
File:Sacrifice of Isaac (Veronese).jpg|*Sacrifice of Isaac*
File:Paolo Veronese, The Wedding at Cana.JPG|*Wedding at Cana*
File:The Feast in the House of Levi by Paolo Veronese (edited 2).jpg|*Feast in the House of Levi*
File:Paolo Veronese - Feast at the House of Simon - WGA24872.jpg|*Feast in the House of Simon*

## Related pages 
* Hercules Room
* List of Italian painters
Hill Top

**Hill Top** is a 17th-century Lakeland farm once in the possession of children's author Beatrix Potter. She bought the farm house as a retreat from London in 1896 at a time when she was making a significant amount of money from her stories. She used the farm as a place to develop her stories. Many of these stories (such as *Jemima Puddleduck* and *Tom Kitten*) were set on the farm. Farm furniture, the ponds, and other elements were used as props in her books. 

Potter married William Heelis when she was 47. She moved across the road to Castle Cottage. She kept Hill Top though to house her collections of china, the "Two Bad Mice" doll house furniture, and other things. She continued to use the house as a retreat. She willed the houses and a large acreage to the National Trust in 1944. Hill Top is located near Sawrey in Cumbria. It is between Esthwaite Water and Windermere, 2 miles south-east of Hawkshead.

## References 
* Robin Fedden and Rosemary Joekes. 1973. *The National Trust Guide to England, Wales, and Northern Ireland*. Norton. 3rd edition. pages 138-139.
Hercules Room

The **Hercules Room** (also known as the **Hercules Drawing Room** or **Hercules Salon**; ) is a State Room in the Palace of Versailles. It occupies what was once the site of a chapel. Louis XIV wanted the Hercules Room to be a  for a large painting by Paolo Veronese. The architect Robert de Cotte began working on the room in 1710. Work was completed in 1736. The Room has been the scene of many glittering events in the history of Versailles.

## State Room 
The large room is on the ground floor (first floor) of the Palace.  It measures 18m x 14m x 45m. A chapel once stood on the site. The Hercules Room connects the royal chapel and the North Wing of the palace with the Grand Apartment of the King. Architect Robert de Cotte started work on the room in 1710. The project was set aside in 1715 when Louis XIV died. Work resumed in 1724.  Louis XV hired architect Jacques Gabriel, marble worker Claude-Félix Tarlé, and sculptors Jacques Verberckt and François-Antoine Vassé to complete the room. The room is in the style of the Hall of Mirrors. 

## Paintings by Veronese 
Louis XIV wanted this room to be a showcase for a large painting by Paolo Veronese called *Meal at the House of Simon the Pharisee*.

## Ceiling 
The room was completed in 1736 with a painted ceiling called *Apotheosis of Hercules*. This was painted by François Lemoyne. The painting gave the room its name. The King was pleased with the ceiling. He appointed Lemoyne First Painter. Lemoyne however did not live long enough to enjoy the honor. He committed suicide shortly after the appointment. 

The  is decorated with representations of the Four Princely Virtues: Justice, Fortitude, Constancy, and Courage. These are separated by Cupids pointing to the Labors of Hercules. In the center of the ceiling, Hercules arrives in his chariot on Mount Olympus. Jupiter offers his daughter Hebe in marriage to the hero. Mars and Vulcan observe the fall of demons and s. Apollo sits on the steps of the Temple of Memory.

*Apotheosis* is the largest ceiling painted on canvas in Europe480 square meters of surface area. It depicts some 140 figures representing the gods and goddesses of Olympus. They have gathered for the arrival of Hercules after his successful labors raised him to the rank of God. The piece was seen as a metaphorical allusion to the merits of the French King.

## State events held in the Hercules Room 
* a full-dress ball was given by Louis XV upon the marriage of his eldest daughter Elisabeth to the Infant of Spain in 1739 
* the State Dinner for the Duc de Chartes's wedding in 1769
* the State Dinner given upon the Dauphin's birth in 1782
* the Audience of the Ambassadors for Tippo Sahib, Sultan of Mysore in 1788
* the Presentation of the Deputies of the Estates General to the King on 2 May 1789

## Notes 
## References 
* 
* 
* 

## Other materials 
*
The Yew Tree Ball

**The Yew Tree Ball** () was a masked ball. It was held in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles on the night of 25-26 February 1745. Fifteen thousand people waited in the Hercules Room for the ball to begin. King Louis XV and several of his gentlemen courtiers attended dressed as topiary yew trees. The ball is notorious for being the venue in which the king made contact with Jeanne-Antoinette Poisson. He had first seen her while hunting at Senart. On 14 September 1745, Poisson was officially presented to the Court as the Marquise de Pompadour. She was the king’s official mistress until her death in 1764. 

## Gallery 

File:Louis XV France by Louis-Michel van Loo 002.jpg|Louis XV
File:Chateau Versailles Galerie des Glaces.jpg|Hall of Mirrors
File:Bal des Ifs-galerie des glaces.jpg|The Yew Tree Ball, 1745
File:Jean-Marc Nattier, Madame de Pompadour en Diane (1746).jpg|Pompadour dressed as Diana, 1746

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Flávia Alessandra

**Flávia Alessandra Martins da Costa** (born June 7, 1974 in Arraial do Cabo) is a Brazilian actress.

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Fernanda Montenegro

**Arlette Pinheiro Esteves Torres** (born October 16, 1929) is a Brazilian actress. She is best known for her leading role in *Central Station*, for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress. She is the first Brazilian to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress, as well as the first actress nominated for an Academy Award for a performance in a Portuguese language movie. Her daughter, Fernanda Torres was also nominated in 2025. 

Fernanda Montenegro was born as Arlette Pinheiro Esteves da Silva in Rio de Janeiro. She was the daughter of Vitório Esteves da Silva, a mechanic of Portuguese origin, and Carmen Nieddu Pinheiro Esteves da Silva, a housewife. Her family is from the Italian island of Sardinia.

In 2013, she was voted the 15th most influential celebrity in Brazil by *Forbes* magazine. During the Opening Ceremony of the 2016 Summer Olympics, Fernanda read the poem "A Flor e a Náusea" by Carlos Drummond de Andrade, dubbed in English by Judi Dench.

On 4 November 2021, she was elected to occupy the Chair number 17 at the Brazilian Academy of Letters.

In November 2024, she was recognised by Guinness World Records for achieving the biggest audience in a Philosophy lecture, with over 15,000 people attending an event on 18 August 2024 at the Ibirapuera Park, where Montenegro read *La Cérémonie des Adieux* by Simone de Beauvoir.

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Clock Cabinet

The **Clock Cabinet** is a room at Versailles. It is one of the rooms in the king's private cabinets. An astronomical clock stands in the room. Louis XV took great interest in astronomy.  The clock shows the time, the day of the week, the month, the year and the moon's quarter. In the crystal globe at the top, the planets can be seen moving around the sun according to Copernicus.

The clock was designed by Claude-Siméon Passemant, the King's engineer. It was made by the clock-maker Louis Dauthiau. The bronze casing was made by Jacques and Philippe II Caffiéri. The clock was used to determine the first official time system throughout the kingdom. The entire fixture measures over two meters tall.

The Academy of Science examined and approved the clock in August 1749. The Duc de Chaulnes presented it to Louis XV on 7 September 1750. It was put in the clock cabinet in 1754. The room actually got its name because of the large astronomical clock dials in the wainscoting. These clocks displayed the sunrises and moonrises every day. The king's scientific interests led him to upgrade that daily experience by having the Passemant clock installed in the room.

In 1692, the room was an Antechamber and part of Louis XIV's Art Cabinet. In 1738, it was remodeled into an oval-shaped drawing room. In 1760, it found its present form. The paneling is by Verberckt and Rousseau.  The overdoors are copies of the Diana story originally painted by Boucher. The furniture in the room includes hunting tables ordered by Louis XV from Slodtz, Foliot, and Roumier. A Sèvres bisque equestrian statue depicting Frederic II stands in the room. Another equestrian statue in the room depicts Louis XV. It is a small copy by Vassé after Bouchardon's statue that stands in the Place de la Concorde.

## Gallery 

File:Pendule astronomique de Passemant (19).JPG|Astronomical clock by Passemant
File:Pendule astronomique de Passemant (8).JPG|Astronomical clock by Passemant

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Victoria (name)

**Victoria** [ vik-**tawr**-ee-*uh* ] is a female given name. It is Latin for *victory* and feminine for male name *Victor*. Victoria is a name that has enjoyed widespread popularity for hundreds of years, and it has a fascinating background and significance. The name Victoria comes from the Latin term "victoria," which translates to "winning or triumph." This name has always been linked to attributes such as fortitude, might, and accomplishment in various eras. The name Victoria has a lot of variants, such as the short form *Vicky*. This name was ranked #43 on the US Popular Names in 2021. There are several Queens, several Princesses and many other famous people under this female name. As *Vicky*, the name is being used for Atlantic Basin tropical cyclones.

## People 
* Victoria Beckham, English businesswoman, fashion designer and singer
* Victoria Wood, British comedian
* Victoria Justice, American actress and singer

## References
Tetuin

**Tetuin** is a flavone. It is a type of flavonoid. It is the 6-O-glucoside of baicalein. It can be isolated from the seeds of *Oroxylum indicum*, the Indian trumpetflower, known as टेटु *tetu* in Marathi.

## References
Bulbophyllum evasum

***Bulbophyllum evasum*** is a species of orchid in the genus *Bulbophyllum*.

## References
*The Bulbophyllum-Checklist
*The Internet Orchid Species Photo Encyclopedia

## References
Reims – Prunay Aerodrome

**Reims – Prunay Aerodrome** ()  is an airfield serving the city of Reims. It is  east-southeast of Reims, near Prunay, both communes in the Marne department in the Grand Est region in northeastern France.

It is a class D aerodrome open to general aviation traffic with no commercial airline service scheduled. Also, it hosts the factory of Reims Aviation.

## Facilities
The airport is  above mean sea level. It has one paved runway which is  long. It also has a parallel unpaved runway measuring .

## References
Atlantic City, New Jersey

**Atlantic City** is a city in New Jersey, United States. It officially became a city in 1854 when a new railroad connected it to Philadelphia. Atlantic City is an internationally renowned resort city for gambling, conventions, and leisure. The city also served as the inspiration for the original version of the board game *Monopoly*. Atlantic City is on Absecon Island on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean.

, the city has a population of 38,497. 

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Workhouse

The **workhouse** was a place which offered housing and work to people who did not have any. They began in England and Wales during the 17th century. The first use of the word *workhouse* was in a report by the mayor of Abingdon in 1631 on the building of a workhouse in the town.

The beginnings of the workhouse go back to the Poor Law Act of 1388. This was designed to help solve a shortage of workers after the Black Death. It made it difficult for them to move about the country, and stopped them from looking for higher paid work somewhere else. This led to the state being responsible for the welfare of the poor. After the Napoleonic Wars there was a lot of unemployment. There was also unemployment caused by machines taking over work from farm workers. In the 1830s' there was also a series of bad harvests. These things put too much pressure on the existing ways of looking after poor people. 

New laws were passed, the New Poor Law of 1834, to try to deal with the problem. People would only be given help if they went into the workhouse to live. Some places hoped to make a profit from the workhouse by using the free labor of the people. Most did not have skills to get normal jobs, so workhouse jobs included breaking rocks into small stones, breaking bones to make fertilizer, or pulling apart old rope to reuse the fibre. This old rope, known as oakum, was used to pack joints in ship building to keep them watertight. A metal spike was used to unpick the rope,, and the nickname for the workhouse was **the spike**.

Life in a workhouse was not meant to be easy. It was made hard so only the very poor with no hope of finding work would go there for help. Workhouse inmates had no rights in the workhouse and were subjected to strict rules and harsh punishments. However the workhouse did provide free medical care and education for the children. This sort of help was not available to poor people outside the workhouse system.  **Charles Dickens**  book Oliver Twist famously includes a chapter set in a workhouse. The reform increased non-violent property crimes, mostly poaching, by 17% This was worst when there was no work in farming.

Towards the end of the 1800s, the workhouses became filled with the old and sick, rather than unemployed poor people. In 1929 the laws were changed and the workhouses became hospitals. Some workhouses were renamed Public Assistance Institutions. These finally disappeared when the National Assistance act of 1948 was passed.

## References
Ingrid

**Ingrid** [ **ing**-grid ] is a name for girls or women. The name comes from *Ingfriar* in Old Norse. *Ing* means Norse deity. *Friar* means beautiful. 

Ingrid is a lovely and distinctive moniker that has enjoyed widespread popularity in Scandinavian nations for many centuries. The appellation Ingrid originates from the Old Norse name Ingríðr, which translates to "charming goddess" or "elegant lady". It is a name that radiates power, loveliness, and elegance, rendering it an ideal selection for any infant girl. This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021).

Many famous people have been named Ingrid. One of them being Ingrid Bergman. Others include Ingrid Cruz and Ingrid Michaelson. A hurricane with the name hit eastern Mexico in September 2013. The storm killed 32 and caused $1.5 billion in damage. The name *Ingrid* was then retired.

## People 
* Ingrid Bergman, Swedish actress (1915–1982)
* Ingrid Cruz,actress from Chile
* Ingrid Espelid Hovig, Norwegian chef

## References
Wholesale

Wholesale Markets]]
**Wholesale** is the sale of large numbers of goods to retailers. The retailer then sells small amounts of the goods to individual users or consumers. A wholesaler often buys goods direct from the factory or the farm. The wholesaler can put together, sort or grade the products. The wholesaler will repack and redistribute the goods in smaller lots. Wholesalers usually have large individual warehouses to do this work. Food wholesalers often are located together at large markets.

Wholesalers used to be closer to where the retail goods were sold than they were to the factories or farms. Since internet sales have increased there are a number of wholesalers setting up near factories in China and Taiwan.

In banking, wholesale banking means services provided to large companies. Retail banking is services provided to small businesses or individuals.

Some examples of wholesale retailers include Costco, Sam's Club, and BJ's Wholesale Club

## References
Facelift (album)

***Facelift*** is the debut studio album by American rock band, Alice in Chains. *Facelift* was released on August 21, 1990. The album featured the singles "We Die Young", "Man in the Box", "Bleed the Freak" and "Sea of Sorrow".

Facelift became the first grunge album to be certified platinum. It has also gone on to been certified double-platinum by the RIAA for shipments of two million copies in the United States.

## Songs
## References
## Other websites
*Facelift at Allmusic
Dirt (album)

***Dirt*** is the second studio album by American rock band, Alice in Chains. *Dirt* was released on September 29, 1992. The album featured the singles "Would?", "Them Bones", "Angry Chair", "Rooster", and "Down in a Hole".

Dirt is currently the band's highest selling album to date and has gone on to sell 5 million copies worldwide. The album was certified four-times platinum by the RIAA.

Dirt was the final album to feature Mike Starr on bass before he was kicked out of the band and replaced by former Ozzy Osbourne bassist Mike Inez.

The album was also included in the 2005 book *1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die* and was ranked #1 on Guitar World magazine's top ten list of guitar albums of 1992

## Songs
## References
## Other websites
*Dirt at Allmusic
Florence (given name)

**Florence** [ **flawr**-*uh*ns, **flor**- ] is a French or English female given name. It is from the Latin word *floreo*, which means "flower". The name also comes from the city of Florence in Italy. It was most popular in the U.S. between 1900 and 1940. It is still popular in Canada and England. The name was used for many tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Basin until 2018. This name was ranked #713 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

In 2018 Hurricane Florence struck North and South Carolina. It killed over 50 people. It caused around $18 billion in damage.

## People 
* Florence Nightingale, English social reformer, statistician, and founder of modern nursing 
* Florence Henderson, American actress and singer
* Florence Harding, First Lady of the United States from 1921 to 1923
* Florence Pugh, British actress
* Florence Bjelke-Petersen, Australian politician
* Florence Ballard, American singer, member of The Supremes
* Florence Griffith Joyner, American track and field athlete
* Florence Welch, English singer-songwriter, lead singer of Florence and the Machine

## References
Alice in Chains (album)

***Alice in Chains*** is the self-titled third studio album by American rock band, Alice in Chains. *Alice in Chains* was released on November 7, 1995. The album featured the singles "Grind", "Heaven Beside You", "Over Now" and "Again".

The album was certified two-times platinum by the RIAA.

*Alice in Chains* was the last album to feature lead singer Layne Staley. He was later found dead of a heroin overdose on April 5, 2002. The next album, *Black Gives Way to Blue* was released in 2009, with new vocalist William DuVall.

The album is sometimes referred to as *Tripod* because of Jerry Cantrell's three-legged dog on the front cover and Frank Lentini on the back cover.

## Songs
## References
## Other websites
*Alice in Chains at Allmusic
Jacques Gabriel

**Jacques Gabriel** (1667&ndash;1767) was a French architect. He designed a lot of buildings in Paris.

Michelle Jacques Gabriel, is a designer, painter, architect and architect of the 17th and 18th centuries. He was one of the most prominent designers of the Versailless Palace in his lifetime. For his unique creativity and selflessness, he has always been attended by Louis XIV And eventually he became a trusted advisor to the king. He made important contributions to the king during his years of service, which is one of the most important works in the construction of the Versailles palace, which once served as the lobby of the fourteenth.

Michel had a mission to build the Versailles Palace throughout his life, he was also the first designer of the city's bridges in Paris. Interestingly, Gabriel's son (Ange Jacob Gabriel) continued his father's journey, and in this regard, like his father, completing the Versailles palace at the time of Louis 14 It has 15 significant roles. The Gabriel family is also home to the Cathedral of La Rochelle, the Royal Opera Royal Opera House and the Petit Trianon Palace, built on the palace of Versailles.
Steve Braun

**Steve Braun** (born August 14, 1976) is a Canadian television and movie actor from Winnipeg, Manitoba. Braun's credits include *The Immortal*, a TV series in which he and co-star Lorenzo Lamas hunted demons; *The Trip*, an independent movie about coming of age in the HIV age; and *Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle* (2004), a major motion picture in which he plays the lead villain. In addition, he starred as Brian Kelly in the 2004 thriller *The Skulls III*. He also played the role of "Jonsey" in the 2007 thriller movie *Wrong Turn 2: Dead End*.  He also co-starred in the 2005 horror movie "Pterodactyl" as Willis Bradbury.

Braun was cast in a recurring guest role in The WB series *Twins*, as Jordan, the love interest of Mitchee Arnold, played by Sara Gilbert. The series was broadcast from September 16, 2005 until May, 2006.

Braun was also in the movie *The Skulls III* as Brian.

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Isabel

**Isabel** (or **Isabelle**) [ **iz**-*uh*-bel ] is a female given name. It comes from the Hebrew name *Elisheva*. *Elisheva* is often translated to *Elizabeth*, of which Isabel is a division. There are many royal figures or queens with the name or its variants. Isabel is a name of great beauty that has enjoyed popularity for centuries. It has been embraced by diverse cultures, each giving it their own unique interpretation. The name Isabel originates from the Hebrew name Elisheba, which translates to "God is my oath." Over time, this name has been adopted by numerous cultures, such as the Spanish, Portuguese, and English. There are also many other famous people by Isabel and its related names. As *Isabel*, this name was used on two Atlantic tropical cyclones. The 2003 storm was so damaging that the name was later retired.

## People 
* Isabella Acres, American actress
* Isabella Casillas Guzman, American government administrator and business advocate
* Isabel Sarli, Argentine actress (1929-2019)

## References