open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
George Osborne

**George Gideon Oliver Osborne** CH PC (born 23 May 1971) is a former British politician and newspaper editor. 

Osborne was the Chancellor of the Exchequer from 2010 to 2016 in the David Cameron government. He was the Conservative Party Member of Parliament for the Tatton constituency in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. He was an MP from 2001 to 2017.

George Osborne was born in Paddington, London, England and was educated at the University of Oxford. He became an MP in 2001 and entered the shadow cabinet in 2004. In 2005, Osborne was made the Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer by Michael Howard and held this post when David Cameron became leader of the Conservative Party. 

Osborne became Chancellor of the Exchequer on 11 May 2010 and  outlined £6.2 billion worth of cuts to help reduce the budget deficit. He left office on 13 July 2016 when Theresa May became Prime Minister. He was replaced by Philip Hammond. In April 2017 he said he would not stand in the 2017 general election. He was made a Companion of Honour in the 2016 Prime Minister's Resignation Honours. He was editor of the *Evening Standard* from 2017 to 2020.

Osborne is part of the old Anglo-Irish aristocracy, known in Ireland as the *Ascendancy*. He is the heir to the Osborne baronetcy (of Ballentaylor, in County Tipperary, and Ballylemon, in County Waterford).

## Revelation 
*Private Eye* wrote about the relationship between Osborne and *Evening Standard* owner Evgeny Lebedev. Russian oligarch Lebedev appointed Osborne as editor. The *Evening Standard* is now called *The Standard*. 

During Osborne's time as Chancellor of the Exchequer he regularly pledged Treasury money to *Standard* charitable campaigns. In September 2015, the newspaper ranked Osborne in joint-first place on its annual 'Progress 1000' list of the most influential people in London. It also said that, as Chancellor, Osborne failed to tackle the advantageous tax status for so-called "non-doms" (foreign wealthy people). Lebedev's paper strongly supported the Conservative Party in the 2015 general election and the Conservatives' candidate Zac Goldsmith in the 2016 London mayoral election.

## References
Celestus

**Celestus** is a genus of lizards.

## Classification
'*Genus *Celestus'''*
**Celestus agasepsoides*
**Celestus anelpistus*
**Celestus badius*
**Celestus barbouri*
**Celestus bivittatus*
**Celestus carraui*
**Celestus costatus*
**Celestus crusculus*
**Celestus curtissi*
**Celestus cyanochloris*
**Celestus darlingtoni*
**Celestus duquesneyi*
**Celestus enneagrammus*
**Celestus fowleri*
**Celestus haetianus*
**Celestus hewardi*
**Celestus hylaius*
**Celestus macrotus*
**Celestus marcanoi*
**Celestus microblepharis*
**Celestus montanus*
**Celestus occiduus*
**Celestus orobius*
**Celestus rozellae*
**Celestus scansorius*
**Celestus sepsoides*
**Celestus stenurus*
**Celestus warreni''
Adam Sandler

**Adam Richard Sandler** (born September 9, 1966) is an American actor, comedian, film producer, and screenwriter. He is best known for comedy movies, such as *Happy Gilmore*, *The Wedding Singer*, *Little Nicky*, *Spanglish*, *I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry*, ''You Don't Mess with the Zohan* and *Uncut Gems*. He also starred in a dramatic role for *Reign Over Me''.

Sandler was born in New York City, and grew up in New Hampshire. His family is Jewish, and descends from Russian Jewish immigrants on both sides.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Adam Sandler at Biography.com
Hilary Benn

**Hilary James Wedgwood Benn** (born 26 November 1953) is an English politician. He was born in Hammersmith, west London. He previously held the position of Shadow Leader of the House of Commons. He has been serving as the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland since 2024. He is the Member of Parliament for the Leeds Central constituency in the United Kingdom. He was first  in 1999 in a by-election. He is a member of the Labour Party. He is the middle son of Tony Benn (1925-2014) and Caroline Benn (1926-2000).

## Notes
## References
Anguis fragilis

***Anguis fragilis*** (the **slow-worm**, or **blindworm**) is a lizard which is limbless (meaning it has no legs or arms). It has a wide distribution in Europe and Asia, and is one of the few reptiles native to Britain.

When a slow-worm is in  it can shed (break off) its tail and escape. It can then grow back a new, shorter tail, which it cannot shed.

The female often has a stripe along the back and the male may have blue spots.

Instead of laying eggs, the females give birth to live young (viviparous birth). In the days leading up to birth the female can often be seen basking in the sun on a warm road. 

Slow-worms are often called snakes, but they are not. Slow-worms can blink, but snakes cannot.  They shed their skin in patches like other lizards, rather than the whole skin as most snakes do.

Adult slow-worms grow to be about 50 centimetres long. They are known for their very long life. One was said to have been fifty four years old. 

There are not as many slow-worms as there used to be. Many places where they used to live have been built on. In gardens they can be killed by cats.

## References
Calixa Lavallée

]]
**Calixa Lavallée**, (born Quebec, 28 December 1842; died Boston, 21 January 1891), was a Canadian-American composer.  For many years he was a travelling musician.  Later he worked hard to improve music education in Canada.  He is famous for composing the music for the Canadian national anthem "O Canada".

## Life
Lavallée was born into a French-Canadian family. Originally, his name was Calixte Paquet.  His father made musical instruments and played in a band.  He learned to play the piano, violin and cornet.  He went to the United States and played in a band during the American Civil War.  For many years he travelled, playing and teaching.  He became the music director and superintendent Grand Opera House which put on minstrel shows rather than proper operas.  When the theatre closed in 1872 he went back to Montreal.  His friends got enough money together to help him go to France to study at the Paris Conservatoire.  There he studied under famous teachers including Boieldieu.

When he went back to Canada he wanted to help to improve the state of music education there.  He small music school in Quebec but it was always difficult for him to get money from the authorities.  He composed the music to “O Canada” which soon became the Canadian national anthem.

Shortly after that he went to the United States again.  He became music director of the Roman Catholic cathedral in Boston and became very active with the Music Teachers’ National Association.  He died of tuberculosis in 1891. In 1933, his remains were taken back to Montreal where they were buried in the cemetery.

## His music
Besides the tune to *O Canada*, Lavallée wrote many works, including some comic operas: *Loulou*, *Tiq* and *The King of Diamonds*.  Most of the music that was published consists of his lighter pieces, including a short piece for piano called *Papillon* (*Butterfly*) which became extremely popular in North America as well as Europe.

## References
*The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie, 1980;
Major League Baseball on ESPN Radio

***Major League Baseball on ESPN Radio*** is a broadcast presentation of Major League Baseball on ESPN Radio.  The games include the Opening Day game, the Sunday Night Baseball games, Saturday afternoon games, holiday games (like Memorial Day games) and September pennant race games. The All-Star Game and all of the playoffs can also be heard on ESPN Radio including the Division Series, League Championship Series and the World Series.

In addition to affiliate stations on AM/FM radio, ESPN Radio's game broadcasts are also on XM Satellite Radio.  They are not included in the subscription "Gameday Audio" package on MLB.com, however.

## History
On September 27, 1997, ESPN outbid CBS Radio to become the exclusive national radio broadcaster of Major League Baseball. This was very surprising, considering that CBS Radio had been the national broadcaster since 1976. 

The agreement lasted seven years through 2004 and gave ESPN Radio the rights to broadcast numerous games including opening Day, *Sunday Night Baseball*, Saturday *Game of the Week*, holiday games, September pennant race games, the All-Star Game and all of the playoffs, including the World Series.

Then on October 21, 2004, ESPN Radio extended its then seven year relationship with Major League Baseball with a five year, $55 million dollar contract extension through the 2010 season.

The agreement also added a weekly program devoted to baseball, which became *The Baseball Show* from 3 p.m. ET to 7 p.m. ET on Sundays during the regular season. The program is hosted by John Seibel and Steve Phillips.

## Broadcasters
ESPN Radio's lead broadcasting crew consists of Gary Thorne and Dave Campbell.  Thorne succeeded Dan Shulman, who had called for the network since 2002; Shulman, in turn, had been preceded by Charley Steiner from 1998-2002. Campbell replaced Kevin Kennedy as analyst in 2000. The pregame host for all of the games since its debut has been Joe D'Ambrosio.

The broadcast team for the World Series and one League Championship Series is Jon Miller and Hall of Famer Joe Morgan. During all of the games there is also the *ESPN Radio SportsCenter* every twenty minutes with live cut ins during the games.
Patrick McLoughlin

**Patrick Allen McLoughlin, Baron McLoughlin**,  (born 30 November 1957) is an English politician and the current Chief Whip, which is the same job he had in opposition. He was first  in 1986 in a by-election as the Member of Parliament for the West Derbyshire constituency in the United Kingdom, and since 2010 for its successor, the Derbyshire Dales constituency.

He is a member of the Conservative Party. On 14 July 2016, he became Chairman of the Conservative Party and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, under the new Prime Minister Theresa May. He resigned as Chairman on 8 January 2018 and was succeeded by Brandon Lewis.

## Early life and career
McLoughlin was born in Stafford on 30 November 1957, the son and grandson of coal miners. He was educated at the Cardinal Griffin Roman Catholic School in Cannock, Staffordshire, and Staffordshire College of Agriculture at Rodbaston College. From 1974, he worked for five years as a farm worker and, after 1979, worked underground at the Littleton Colliery in Cannock. He was a member of the National Union of Mineworkers, and became an industrial representative for the National Coal Board's Western Area Marketing Department.

He was knighted in the Resignation Honours of David Cameron in 2016. In Theresa May's Resignation Honours in September 2019, he was made a Companion of Honour.

## References
## Other websites
*Profile at the Conservative Party
*

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Anguis

**Anguis** is a member of legless lizards also known as **slowworms** or **blindworms**. belonging to the genus **Anguidae**. Even though they are lizards, slow worms have lost their legs and are usually mistaken for snakes.

## Classification
Subfamily Anguinae
*Genus *Anguis*
***Anguis cephalonnicus* - Peloponnese Slow Worm 
***Anguis fragilis*
Sepsis

**Sepsis** is a very dangerous disease that occurs when an infection gets into a person's blood. People often use the word *sepsis* to describe septicemia (blood poisoning), but septicemia is only one type of sepsis. 

Sepsis is a severe, life-threatening reaction to a viral, bacterial, fungal, or other infection. If bacteria infects the blood, the infection is called *bacteremia* (which can worsen into septicemia). A viral infection in the blood is called *viremia*, and a fungal infection that gets into the blood is called *fungemia*.

Most people who get infections do not develop sepsis. Normally a person's immune system can fight germs and overcome infections. But in sepsis something goes wrong. At some point, the pathogen gets into the person's blood or body tissues, and spreads the infection there.  

Sepsis is a medical emergency which can cause death and requires immediate treatment.

## Symptoms 
People with sepsis often get fevers and inflammations all over their bodies. These symptoms probably happen because the immune system is trying to fight the disease. The immune system reacts so strongly that it can damage a person's organs.

## Cause of death 
In the United States, sepsis is the leading cause of death for ICU patients which do not have heart problems. Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shows it is the tenth most common cause of death overall. 

Several types of people develop and die from sepsis more often than the average person:

* Older people
* People who are *immunocompromised* (their immune system is weak - for example, because of chemotherapy)
* People with severe illnesses

About 1% to 2% of people who are hospitalized develop sepsis. However, people with sepsis take up almost 25% of intensive care unit (ICU) beds. It is a major cause of death in intensive care units worldwide, with mortality rates that range from:

* 20% for sepsis
* 40% for severe sepsis
* Over 60% for septic shock

## More severe forms 
Sepsis can be severe or even cause septic shock. With severe sepsis, one or more organs fail to work. In septic shock, a person has sepsis *and* a very low blood pressure.

## Treatment 
Today, the bacterial forms of sepsis can be treated with antibiotics. Transfusions of un-infected blood may help. A person whose organs failed might need organ transplants.

It is extremely important for sepsis treatment to begin as quickly as possible. If it is not treated, the chances of death increase by 5% to 10% every hour.

About half of people who get sepsis, but do not get treatment, die from the condition. In most cases, quick treatment increases a person's chance of survival.

## Related pages 
* Infection
* Bacteria
* Virus
* Fungus
* Septic shock

## References 
## Other websites 
* Society of Critical Care Medicine  Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock (and other guidelines)
Philip Hammond

**Philip Hammond, Baron Hammond of Runnymede**  (born 4 December 1955) is an English politician. He was born in Epping, Essex. He became Chancellor of the Exchequer in 2016. He became Secretary of State for Transport on 12 May 2010, and a Privy Counsellor on 13 May 2010. He was the first Member of Parliament for the Runnymede and Weybridge constituency in the United Kingdom. He was first  in the 1997 general election. In 2017, he  the Midlands Engine Strategy.

He was a member of the Conservative Party until 2019. He was suspended from the party after voting against the government in a bill to remove the possibility of a no-deal Brexit.

## References
Kaliningrad Oblast

**Kaliningrad Oblast** (, *Kaliningradskaya oblast*) is an exclave of Russia bordered by Poland, Lithuania and Baltic Sea. The capital of Kaliningrad Oblast is Kaliningrad, formerly Königsberg.

It is quite unusual, first because it is not attached to Russia. It is an exclave on the Baltic coast, with no land connection to the rest of Russia. It has a population of 941,873 (2010 Census). It has a continental climate (*Dfb* in the Koeppen climate classification).

Its territory was part of historical East Prussia (German: Nord-Ostpreussen), which was an exclave of Germany from 1919 until 1945. That year, it was occupied by the Soviet Union as a result of the World War II. The region was later annexed to the Soviet Union under border changes of the Potsdam Agreement, when it was attached to the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR). Most of its German population were fled west to West Germany during the last months of the war. The rest were expelled between 1944 and 1950. Russian settlers were moved in and the population is now mainly Russian. As of the 2010 census, only a small number of ethnic Germans remain; most of the several thousand who live in the oblast are recent immigrants from other parts of the former Soviet Union.

## References
## Other websites
Caroline Spelman

**Dame Caroline Alice Spelman** DBE MP (née Cormack, born 4 May 1958) is an English politician. She was born in Bishop's Stortford, Hertfordshire. She is the Meriden constituency in England. She was first  in the 1997 general election.

In May 2010 she became Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs in David Cameron's coalition cabinet, and was sworn as a Privy Counsellor on 13 May 2010. She served in this role until September 2012, when she was dismissed in a cabinet reshuffle. In 2015, she became Second Church Estates Commissioner.

She is a member of the Conservative Party.

## References
Andrew Mitchell

**Andrew John Bower Mitchell** (born 23 March 1956) is an English politician. He was born in Hampstead, London. He was appointed as Secretary of State for International Development on 12 May 2010, and as a Privy Counsellor on 13 May 2010. He is the Member of Parliament (MP) for the Sutton Coldfield constituency in the United Kingdom. He was first  in the 1987 general election  for the Gedling constituency but lost in 1997. He returned to parliament in the 2001 general election.

His father, David Mitchell (1928-2014), was also an MP.

He is a member of the Conservative Party.

In 2007 he started Project Umubano.

On 19 September 2012 he allegedly said to a police officer, 'You don't run this fucking government.... You're fucking plebs.' The media called what happened 'Plebgate'.

In 2022, after serving on the backbenches for 10 years, Mitchell made a return to government as Minister of State for Development and Africa following the appointment of Rishi Sunak as prime minister. He was appointed to the honorific title of Deputy Foreign Secretary in April 2024. After the defeat of the Conservative party in the 2024 general election, Mitchell became Shadow Foreign Secretary in Sunak's shadow cabinet.

## Notes
## References
Owen Paterson

**Owen William Paterson** (born June 24, 1956 in Shropshire, England) is a British politician who was the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland. He was a Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of North Shropshire in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.

He was first  in the 1997 general election and first entered the shadow cabinet in 2007.

## Other websites
* Owen Paterson MP  *official constituency website*
* Profile  at the Conservative Party
*
* Guide to new Cabinet members: Owen Paterson, *BBC News*, 13 May 2010
* ''Debrett's People of Today''
David Mundell

**David Gordon Mundell** (born May 27, 1962) is a British politician and is the Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Scotland. He is the Conservative Party Member of Parliament for the Dumfriesshire, Clydesdale and Tweeddale constituency in the United Kingdom. Currently, he is the only Conservative Party MP who represents a Scottish constituency. In July 2016, Mundell became the Secretary of State for Scotland.

David Mundell was born in Dumfries, Scotland and was educated at the University of Edinburgh. In 1999 and 2003, he was elected as a Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the South of Scotland region however resigned as an MSP following the 2005 General Election when he was  as an MP. From December 2005 to the 2010 General Election, he was the Shadow Secretary of State for Scotland. After the 2010 election, a Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition was formed and because the Liberal Democrats have more Scottish MP's than the Conservatives, a Liberal Democrat was given the post of Scottish secretary.

On 13 January 2016, Mundell came out as gay on his personal website.

He was previously married to Lynda Carmichael but the couple have divorced. He has three children, one of whom, Oliver Mundell, is a Conservative candidate for the Scottish Parliament in May 2016.

## References
Alan Duncan

**Alan James Carter Duncan** (born 31 March 1957) is an English politician and a former Minister of State in the Department for International Development. He was born in Rickmansworth, Hertfordshire.

He is the Member of Parliament for the Rutland and Melton constituency in the United Kingdom. He was first  in the 1992 general election.

He is a member of the Conservative Party.

He is openly gay and in a civil partnership with James Dunseath.

## References
Oliver Letwin

**Oliver Letwin**, a MP and a FRSA (born 19 May 1956) is an English politician. He is currently the Minister of State at the Cabinet Office as well as the Chairman of Policy Review, and Chairman of the Conservative Research Department. He is the Member of Parliament for the West Dorset constituency in the United Kingdom. He was first  in the 1997 general election.

He is a member of the Conservative Party.

He married Isabel Grace Davidson on 14 September 1984 in Cambridge. They have a twin son and daughter born in July 1993.

## Selected works
*Oliver Letwin (1987) *Ethics, Emotion and the Unity of the Self*, Routledge, 
*Oliver Letwin and John Redwood. (1988) ''Britain's Biggest Enterprise – ideas for radical reform of the NHS*, Centre for Policy Studies, 
*Oliver Letwin (1988) *Privatizing the World: A Study of International Privatization in Theory and Practice*, Thomson Learning, 
*Oliver Letwin (1989) *Drift to union: Wiser ways to a wider community*, Centre for Policy Studies, 
*Oliver Letwin (2003) *The Neighbourly Society: Collected Speeches'', Centre for Policy Studies, 

## Related pages
*Ukrainian diaspora in the United Kingdom
## References
Cheryl Gillan

**Dame Cheryl Elise Kendall Gillan** DBE MP (21 April 1952 &ndash; 4 April 2021) was a British politician.  She was the Secretary of State for Wales from 2010 to 2012. She was a Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP) for the Chesham and Amersham constituency in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom from 1992 to 2021. Gillan was born in Cardiff, Wales.

She was first  in the 1992 general election and became the Shadow Secretary of State for Wales in 2005. When the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition was formed on 11 May 2010, she became the Secretary of State for Wales. She was dismissed from this post in a cabinet reshuffle in 2012.

She was the Chair of the 1922 committee from May until September 2019. This is the powerful committee of backbench Conservative MPs in the House of Commons.

Gillan was diagnosed with breast cancer in June 2020. She died on 4 April 2021 in Epsom, England from the disease at the age of 68.

## References
Francis Maude

**Francis Anthony Aylmer Maude** (born 4 July 1953) is an English politician who served as Minister for the Cabinet Office and Paymaster General from 2010 to 2015. Maude was Member of Parliament (MP) for North Warwickshire from 1983 to 1992 and then for Horsham from 1997 to 2015. He was first  in the 1983 general election for the North Warwickshire constituency but lost in 1992. He returned to parliament in the 1997 general election.

Maude was born in Abingdon-on-Thames, Berkshire. He is a member of the Conservative Party.
Tammy Wynette

**Virginia Wynette Pugh** (usually known as **Tammy Wynette**, May 5, 1942 – April 6, 1998), was an American country music singer. She was born in Mississippi.

The best-known of her songs is "Stand by Your Man". She had 17 number-one hits during her career.

She died of pulmonary thrombosis.

## Personal life
Wynette was married 5 times. Her third husband was George Jones, also a singer of country music.

## Discography
;Singles
*"Stand by Your Man" (1968)

;Studio albums

*''Your Good Girl's Gonna Go Bad* (1967)
** My Elusive Dreams*  (1967)
**Take Me to Your World / I Don't Wanna Play House* (1968)
**D-I-V-O-R-C-E* (1968)
**Stand by Your Man* (1969)
**Inspiration* (1969)
**The Ways to Love a Man* (1970)
**Tammy's Touch* (1970)
**The First Lady* (1970)
**Christmas with Tammy* (1970)
**We Sure Can Love Each Other* (1971)
**We Go Together*  (1971)
**Bedtime Story* (1972)
**Me and the First Lady*  (1972)
**My Man* (1972)
**We Love to Sing About Jesus*  (1972)
**Let's Build a World Together*  (1973)
**We're Gonna Hold On*  (1973)
**Another Lonely Song* (1974)
**Woman to Woman* (1974)
**George & Tammy & Tina*  (1975)
**I Still Believe in Fairy Tales* (1975)
**'Til I Can Make It on My Own* (1976)
**Golden Ring*  (1976)
**You and Me* (1976)
**Let's Get Together* (1977)
**One of a Kind* (1977)
**Womanhood* (1978)
**Just Tammy* (1979)
**Only Lonely Sometimes* (1980)
**Together Again*  (1980)
**You Brought Me Back* (1981)
**Soft Touch* (1982)
**Good Love & Heartbreak* (1982)
**Even the Strong Get Lonely* (1983)
**Sometimes When We Touch* (1985)
**Higher Ground* (1987)
**Next to You* (1989)
**Heart Over Mind* (1990)
**Honky Tonk Angels*  (1993)
**Without Walls* (1994)
**One''  (1995)

## Related pages
* List of country musicians from Mississippi

## Other websites
* Tammy Wynette official website
Jeremy Hunt

**Jeremy Richard Streynsham Hunt** MP (born November 1, 1966) is an English politician who was the Chancellor of the Exchequer from 2022 to 2024. He was born in Kennington, London. He is the Member of Parliament for South West Surrey. He was the Secretary of State for Health from 2012 - 2018. He was the longest-serving Health Secretary in British political history. 

He gained a Bachelor of Arts degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics from Magdalen College, Oxford. He is a member of the Conservative Party.   He was first  in the 2005 general election.  He was appointed as a Privy Counsellor on 13 May 2010.

In July 2018 Hunt became the Foreign Secretary after Boris Johnson resigned from the government. 

On 24 May 2019, Hunt announced his campaign to run for Leader of the Conservative Party in the 2019 election. On 20 June, Hunt and Boris Johnson became the final two candidates in the contest. He lost the election to Johnson on 22 July. He later quit as Foreign Secretary.

He was  Chair of the Health and Social Care Select Committee from 2020 to 2022,

In July 2022, Hunt announced his second candidacy for Conservative Party leader in the leadership race to replace Boris Johnson. He was eliminated from the election in the first round of voting on 13 July.

## Political career 
### Conservative Party leadership candidate (2019) 
*Main articleː 2019 Conservative Party leadership election*

After Theresa May resigned as Prime Minister on the 24 May 2019, Hunt announced his campaign to become the next Leader of the Conservative Party,  On 20 June 2019, he was named one of the final two candidates. Hunt was defeated by Boris Johnson after the Conservative Party's members voted in the final round. Hunt got 33.6% of the vote, and Johnson got 66.4% of the vote. Hunt was criticised when his campaign was given £10,000 by a close associate to Saudi Arabian Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. This criticism was because Mohammed bin Salman has been accused of human right violations. Following Boris Johnson's election as party leader, Hunt was offered the role of Secretary of State for Defence in Johnson's Cabinet, but decided to decline the offer.

### Conservative Party leadership candidate (July–September 2022) 
*Main articleː July–September 2022 Conservative Party leadership election*

Following the resignation of Boris Johnson as Leader of the Conservative Party, Hunt announce he would be participating in the Conservative Party leadership election to replace Johnson as Leader. He criticised Johnson for investing in infrastructure instead of "wealth creation", and proposed policies including a  on  taxes for businesses in underdeveloped areas for five years, and a cut to corporation tax to 15% instead of a proposed rise to 25%. He also said he would retain the rise in National Insurance rates, and would not cut income tax until he "[got] the economy growing". Hunt said Esther McVey would be Deputy Prime Minister if he were to become prime minister. He was removed in the first round of voting on 13 July, receiving 18 votes. He endorsed Rishi Sunak after being removed.

## Notes
## References
Eric Pickles

**Eric Jack Pickles** (born 20 April 1952 in Keighley, West Riding of Yorkshire, England) is a British politician and was Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government in the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition government. He is the Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of Brentwood and Ongar in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. 

He was first  in the 1992 general election and entered the Shadow Cabinet in 2007. He was the Chairman of the Conservative Party from January 2009 to May 2010, when he was replaced by Sayeeda Warsi, Baroness Warsi and was appointed the Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government instead. Pickles is standing down at the 2017 general election.

## References
Peter Ainsworth

**Peter Michael Ainsworth** (16 November 1956 &ndash; 6 April 2021) was an English politician and was Shadow Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. He was the Member of Parliament for the East Surrey constituency in the United Kingdom. He was first  in the 1992 general election, but decided not to stand for reelection in 2010.

He was a member of the Conservative Party.

Ainsworth died on 6 April 2021 at the age of 64.

## References
Chris Grayling

**Christopher Stephen Grayling** (born 1 April 1962) is an English politician and former Secretary of State for Transportation. He is the Member of Parliament for the Epsom and Ewell constituency in the United Kingdom. He was first  in the 2001 general election.

He is a member of the Conservative Party.

## Privy Council
He was appointed as a Privy Counsellor on 9 June 2010.

## References
Nick Herbert

**Nicholas Le Quesne Herbert** (born 7 April 1963) is an English politician and the Member of Parliament for the Arundel and South Downs constituency.  He was the current Shadow Justice Secretary, and is currently Minister of State for Police/Justice, with his time split between the Home Office and the Ministry of Justice. He is . He was first  in the 2005 general election.

He is a member of the Conservative Party.

## References
Theresa Villiers

**Theresa Anne Villiers** (born 5 March 1968) is an English politician. In July 2019, she became Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs for the Boris Johnson ministry. She stopped doing this job in 2020. She was first  in the 2005 general election. She is the Member of Parliament (MP) for Chipping Barnet and the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland . Villiers was the Minister of State for Transport from 2010 to 2012.

She was appointed as a Privy Counsellor on 9 June 2010. 

She is a member of the Conservative Party.

## References
Andrew Lansley

**Andrew David Lansley** (born 11 December 1956 in Hornchurch, Essex, England) is a British politician who was the Secretary of State for Health in the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition government from 2010 - 2012. He was the Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP) for the South Cambridgeshire constituency in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. He was first  as an MP in the 1997 general election. He stepped down at the 2015 general election. 

He was made a Privy Counsellor on 13 May 2010.

## References
David Willetts

**David Linsay Willetts** (born 9 March 1956) is an English politician. He was born in Birmingham. He is the current Minister of State for Universities and Science in the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills. He is the Member of Parliament for the Havant constituency in the United Kingdom. He was first  in the 1992 general election.

He is a member of the Conservative Party.
Michael Gove

**Michael Andrew Gove** (born 26 August 1967) is an British politician who was the Secretary of State for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities from 2022 to 2024. In July 2019, he became the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster for the Boris Johnson administration. In February 2020, he became the Minister for the Cabinet Office. He retired from politics after the 2024 general election was called.

## Career
He was the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs from 2017 to 2019 for the Theresa May ministry. He was the Shadow Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families, and was the Secretary of State for Education from 12 May 2010 to 15 July 2014. He was the Member of Parliament for the Surrey Heath constituency in the United Kingdom. He was first  in the 2005 general election.

He is a member of the Conservative Party. He was one of the candidates in the 2016 Conservative leadership election. After becoming Prime Minister, Theresa May fired Gove from the Cabinet. However, in 2017 she brought him back and made him the Environment Secretary.

He grew up in Aberdeen. He studied English at Lady Margaret Hall at Oxford University. Gove is married to Sarah Vine, a writer for *The Times*. They have a daughter and son. He belongs to the Church of England

On 26 May 2019, Gove announced his campaign to run for Leader of the Conservative Party in the 2019 election. He narrowly lost in third place on the fifth ballot and was eliminated on 20 June.

In July 2022, Gove was fired from the Johnson cabinet by Prime Minister Boris Johnson after Gove told him he should resign as Prime Minister.

## Personal life
Gove is a Queens Park Rangers F.C supporter.

## Bibliography 
* *Michael Portillo: The Future of the Right* (1995) 
* *The Price of Peace* (2000) 
* *A Blue Tomorrow – New Visions for Modern Conservatives* (2001) (ed. with Edward Vaizey and Nicholas Boles) 
* *Celsius 7/7* (2006) 

## References
## Notes
Missionary

is a well known *missionary*.]]
A **missionary** is a person who tries to convert people to his own faith. In Christianity, this is called Christian mission or evangelism. Missionaries are usually sent from churches or worship places of the religion. They can also do other things, such as deliver medicines and cure diseases. Most major religions of the world have *missionaries*. 

Some famous Christian missionaries are:

*St. Paul
*Thomas the Apostle
*Saint Patrick
*Saints Cyril and Methodius
*Francis Xavier
*Johnny Appleseed 
*George Muller
*John Wesley
*Charles Wesley, brother of John
*George Whitefield
*David Livingstone
*Hudson Taylor
*Florence Nightingale
*Sadhu Sundar Singh
*Albert Schweitzer
*Gladys Aylward
*Eric Liddell
*E. Stanley Jones
*Mother Teresa

## Related pages
*Evangelism
*Religious conversion

## Other websites 
*Missionaries.org
Liam Fox

**Sir Liam Fox** (born 22 September 1961 in East Kilbride, Scotland) is a British politician who was the Defence Secretary in the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition government. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for the Woodspring constituency in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. He lost re-election in 2024 to Sadik Al-Hassan.

Liam Fox studied at the University of Glasgow and became a Conservative Party MP at the 1992 General Election. He served in the shadow cabinet from 1999 to 2010 and became Shadow Defence Secretary in December 2005. In 2005, he tried to become leader of the Conservative Party and lost to David Cameron. Fox stood for leader again in 2016, and lost to Theresa May, who became Prime Minister on 13 July 2016. 

May appointed Fox as the first Secretary of State for International Trade in July 2016.

In September 2017, Fox accused the EU of trying to blackmail UK over Brexit deal.

## References
Ruth Graham

**Ruth Bell Graham** (June 10, 1920 – June 14, 2007) was the wife of evangelist Billy Graham. She was born at Qingjiang, Kiangsu, China as **Ruth McCue Bell**, the second of five children. Her parents, Dr. and Mrs. L. Nelson Bell, were medical missionaries at the Presbyterian Hospital 300 miles north of Shanghai.

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America

## Other websites
*Official website on BillyGraham.org
Magnús Eiríksson

**Magnús Eiríksson** (born 22 June 1806 in Skinnalón, Iceland; died 3 July 1881 in Copenhagen, Denmark) was an Icelandic theologian. He lived in Copenhagen at the same time as Søren Kierkegaard (1813-1855) and Hans Lassen Martensen (1808-1884) and viewed their opinions on religion and Christianity with a critical eye.

Magnús Eiríksson was a Lutheran who developed a Unitarian conviction.

## Works
Here are some works by Eiríksson, with the Danish title on the right:
* *On Baptists and Infant Baptism* (*Om Baptister og Barnedaab*), Copenhagen 1844.
* *Faith, Superstition and Unbelief* (*Tro, Overtro og Vantro*), Copenhagen 1846.
* *Dr. Martensen’s Printed Moral Paragraphs* (*Dr. Martensens trykte moralske Paragrapher*), Copenhagen 1846.
* *Speculative Orthodoxy* (*Speculativ Rettroenhed*), Copenhagen 1849.
* [Theophilus Nicolaus], *Is Faith a Paradox and ‘by Virtue of the Absurd’?* (*Er Troen et Paradox og “i Kraft af det Absurde”?* ), Copenhagen 1850.
* *About the Gospel of John* (*Om Johannes-Evangeliet*), Copenhagen 1863.
* *Paul and Christ* (*Paulus og Christus*), Copenhagen 1871.
* *Jews and Christians* (*Jøder og Christne*), Copenhagen 1873.
Patrick Star

**Patrick Star** is a fictional character in the Nickelodeon animated television series *SpongeBob SquarePants*. Bill Fagerbakke plays him. Patrick first appeared in the series' pilot episode, "Help Wanted", which played on May 1, 1999. Patrick was made by animator Stephen Hillenburg. Patrick's biggest character trait is his lack of common sense, which sometimes makes him a bad influence on his best friend, SpongeBob SquarePants.

## Role in *SpongeBob SquarePants*
Patrick is as a pink starfish who is silly, fat, lazy, immature, forgetful, rude, and generally ignorant. He has been shown to make many silly mistakes such as forgetting how to eat, and not realizing that the character Sandy Cheeks is a girl. But, he sometimes is shown to overly observe particular events happening around him. At those moments, he would focus on very specific objects or details that other characters would usually ignore. However, he always quickly turns back to his usual, silly self after. He does not have a job. But, he worked at the Krusty Krab for short periods of time in many positions (often was not paid), and mostly spends his days either goofing off with SpongeBob or resting beneath the rock. He lives under the rock. At home, Patrick is usually either sleeping (stuck to the bottom of his rock), watching TV (whether the TV is actually on or not), or doing the "art of doing nothing." He is very good at that. All of the furniture under his rock are made of sand, and Patrick can simply build new furniture as needed. But even so, his living space contains only the most basic things. was criticized by a Christian evangelical group in the United States because they saw the character was being used for homosexual people, but the video had "no reference to sex, sexual lifestyle or sexual identity."

This made questions about whether or not SpongeBob, his best friend Patrick, and the rest of the series' characters are homosexual characters. In 2002, Hillenburg said that his characters were not gay. He clarified the issue and said "We never made them gay on purpose. I think they are almost asexual. We are just trying to be funny and this has got nothing to do with the show."

Jeffrey P. Dennis, writer of the journal article "The Same Thing We Do Every Night: Signifying Same-Sex Desire in Television Cartoons," argued that SpongeBob and Sandy are not in love, while adding that he believed that SpongeBob and Patrick "are paired with arguably big intensity." Dennis noted the two are "not thought of as romantic partners," since they live in separate places, and have different groups of friends, but claimed that in the series, "the possibility of same-sex desire is never excluded."  Martin Goodman of *Animation World Magazine* described Dennis's comments regarding SpongeBob and Patrick as "interesting."

## Notes
## References
* 

## Other websites
*
Baffin Island

**Baffin Island** () is an island in the territory of Nunavut near the Arctic Circle.  It is the largest member of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. It is the largest island in Canada and the fifth largest island in the world, with an area of 507,451&nbsp;km² (195,928&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi). It has a population of around 13,000 people as of the year 2021. It is named after the British explorer William Baffin. The island was known to the Norse as Helluland.
List of islands by area

This is a **list of islands in the world ordered by area**. It includes all islands with an area greater than 250,000 km² (96,526 square miles). Although an island is, in general, any land mass that is completely surrounded by water, some definitions exclude land masses large enough to be considered continents. Placing Australia in the latter category (even though arguments can be made whether it is technically a continent, or merely part of the larger continent called Australasia) makes Greenland the largest island. For the sake of classification the list of islands will begin with Greenland.

## References
Sakoku

in Japan, at the beginning of the Sakoku period (1644-1648 Japanese woodblock print).]]
**Sakoku** (Japanese: 鎖国, literally "country in chains" or "lock up of country") was the foreign policy of Japan under which no foreigner or Japanese could enter or leave the country on penalty of death. The policy was enacted by the Tokugawa Shogunate under Tokugawa Iemitsu through a number of edicts and policies from 1633-1639 and remained in effect until 1854 with the arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry and the opening of Japan. It was still illegal to leave Japan until the Meiji Restoration (1868).

But Japan was not completely isolated under the *sakoku* policy. Rather, it was a system in which strict regulations were applied to commerce and foreign relations by the shogunate.

## End of seclusion 
On July 8, 1853, Commodore Matthew Perry of the U.S. Navy with four warships demanded that Japan open to trade with the West. The following year 1854, Perry returned with seven ships and forced the Shogun to sign the "Treaty of Peace and Amity", establishing formal diplomatic relations between Japan and the United States. 

## References 
* Hall, John Wesley. (1955) *Tanuma Okitsugu: Foreruner of Modern Japan.* Cambridge: Harvard University Press.....

## Other websites 
* Numismatist in Commodore Perry's fleet (1853-54)
John Wark

**John Wark** (born 4 August 1957) is a Scottish former footballer who spent most of his playing time with Ipswich Town.

## Honours 
In 2006 Wark gained the final place in the poll 100 Players Who Shook the Kop, conducted by the liverpoolfc.tv website. The list was compiled as a result of a fan survey: "Over 110,000 supporters all nominated their own personal Top 10 players in order of impact made". In the same year, Wark was one of four Ipswich Town players to be inducted into the club's Hall of Fame.

**Ipswich Town**

**Individual**

## Career statistics 
### Club 
### International 
:''Scores and results list Scotland's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Wark goal.''

## References 
;General
* 

;Specific
Dwyane Wade

**Dwyane Tyrone Wade Jr.** (born January 17, 1982) is an American basketball player. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. His parents divorced a short time after he was born. He attended college at Marquette University on a scholarship. He was on scholarship for basketball but he did not play his first year because of academic problems. The next year he started on Marquette and led them to a good season. The year after that he led the *Marquette Golden Eagles* to the Final Four in the NCAA tournament.

Wade went on to the NBA and was selected as the 5th pick overall in the NBA draft by the Miami Heat. He had a good rookie season in the NBA, averaging 15 points per game and 6 assists per game. He soon became a superstar and led the Heat to an NBA championship in 2006. Wade was named the Most Valuable Player (MVP) of the 2006 NBA Finals, in which the Heat beat the Dallas Mavericks.

## References
## Other websites 
*Dwyanewade.com 
*NBA profile
Borneo

**Borneo** is the third largest island in the world. It is in the center of maritime southeast Asia. Geologically and biologically it is related to Asia. This island is part of three different countries. Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei each have part of Borneo. Indonesia's region is called "Kalimantan" (although Indonesians use this word for the whole island). Malaysia's region of Borneo is called East Malaysia or Malaysian Borneo. The independent nation of Brunei is a small part of the island. Borneo has a rainforest that is in danger because it is valuable. Lumber companies cut trees here illegally.

## Geography 
Borneo is surrounded by the South China Sea to the north and northwest, the Sulu Sea to the northeast, the Celebes Sea and the Makassar Strait to the east, and the Java Sea and Karimata Strait to the south. It has an area of 743,330 km² (287,000 square miles). Borneo is home to a few of the oldest rainforests in the world.

## Wildlife
Borneo is home to a vast array of wildlife, including the endangered orangutan, as well as other animals such as monkeys, elephants, snakes, parrots, clouded leopards, hornbills, tarsiers and deer.

## Population
The island will have a population of 24 million by 2040 if it grows at the current rate. However, relocation of the capital of Indonesia to Nusantara may boost its population growth rate even more. The population of Nusantara alone had grown from just around 153,000 in 2022 to 488,409 in 2024, recording a very high growth of +219.2% in just 2 years.
Himalayan wolf

The **Himalayan wolf** is a proposed clade within the Tibetan wolf (*Canis lupus filchneri*) subspecies. Its mitochondrial DNA is basal to all other wolves including other Tibetan wolves. The taxonomic status of this wolf clade was disputed: the separate species *Canis himalayensis* was proposed, based on two limited DNA studies.

## References
Elgersburg

**Elgersburg** is a municipality in the Ilm-Kreis Rural District, in Thuringia, Germany.

## References
## Other websites
Seii

**Seii** (;  1326 – c. 1354) was the 2nd king of the Okinawan kingdom of Chūzan. He ruled after his father, Tamagusuku, in 1336, when he was only ten years old.
Ken Spreitzer

**Kenneth J. Spreitzer** wrote the original PC program called "UnInstaller". It was first licensed to MicroHelp and now (Feb 1998) sold by CyberMedia.  After writing the program, Mr. Spreitzer went on to found Maximized Software.

Mr. Spreitzer is a graduate of the University of California, Irvine in the Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences. He was also the radio personality "Captain Sensible" as heard on KUCI.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Maximized Software
Angelroda

**Angelroda** is a former municipality of the district Ilm-Kreis Rural District, in Thuringia, Germany. On 31 December 2019, it became part of the municipality Martinroda.

## References
## Other websites
Brandy & Mr. Whiskers

***Brandy & Mr. Whiskers*** is an American animated television series from Disney Channel. It is about a female dog named Brandy and a rabbit named Mr. Whiskers. They both get stuck in the Amazon Rainforest together and have to work together to survive.

## Characters 
* Brandy Harrington – Kaley Cuoco
* Mr. Whiskers – Charlie Adler and Billy West
* Cheryl and Meryl – Sherri Shepherd
* Ed – Tom Kenny
* Lola Boa – Alanna Ubach
* Margo – Jennifer Hale
* Gaspar Le Gecko – Andre Sogliuzzo

## Episodes 
## References 
## Other websites
*
Akira Toriyama

]]
 was a Japanese manga artist. He was the creator of many popular anime and manga series, most notably the Dragon Ball franchise. It has many media adaptions, and is now the most popular anime series and the second best-selling manga of all time. He was born in Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.

Toriyama died on March 1, 2024 from acute subdural hematoma, aged 68. He had planned to have surgery for a brain tumor a month earlier. 

## References
Isaac Bashevis Singer

**Isaac Bashevis Singer** (; November 11, 1903 – July 24, 1991) was a leading writer in Yiddish literature. Singer was a Jewish American from Poland. Singer won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1978, who also identified himself as vegetarian.
## References