open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
2015 Washington, D.C., mass murder

The **2015 Washington, D.C., mass murder** occurred on May 14, 2015. Three members of the Savopoulos family (Savvas, Amy, and their son, Philip) were murdered at their home in Washington, D.C.. Their housekeeper, Veralicia Figueroa, was also murdered. The victims were held hostage for nineteen hours, from May 13. Ten-year-old Philip was tortured in order to coerce $40,000 in cash from the family.
The killers restrained the victims with duct tape before killing them. They then set the house on fire. All the victims had been hit with something, and Philip was also stabbed.

## Victims 
The Savopouloses were an upper-class family. They lived in the Woodley Park neighborhood of Northwest Washington. Savvas Savopoulos was the CEO and President of American Iron Works. This is a construction company that helped build the Verizon Center.

The murder victims are:

* Savvas Phillip Savopoulos, age 46, a prominent area businessman
* Amy Clare Savopoulos (*née* Martin), age 47, his wife
* Philip Savvas Savopoulos, age 10, their son
* Veralicia Figueroa, age 57, their housekeeper

The family left behind two teenage daughters, Abigail and Katerina Savopoulos.

## References
André van den Heuvel

**André van den Heuvel** (4 June 1927 – 9 February 2016) was a Dutch actor. He appeared in more than 55 movies and television shows between 1957 and 2008. He was born in Tegelen, Netherlands. He was known for his roles in *Lifespan* (1976), *Rubens* (1977), *Dag Dokter!* (1978) and in *De rode zwaan* (1999).

Van den Heuvel died in Amsterdam on 9 February 2016 from complications from a stroke. He was aged 88.

## References
## Other websites
*
Tizayuca

**Tizayuca** is a city and one of the 84 municipalities of Hidalgo, in central-eastern Mexico. It covers an area of 92.5&nbsp;km².

As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 56,573. 

## References
La Paz (disambiguation)

**La Paz** is the administrative capital of Bolivia.

**La Paz** may also refer to:

## Bolivia
* La Paz Department (Bolivia)
* La Paz Municipality, Bolivia
* La Paz River

## Argentina
* La Paz, Córdoba
* La Paz, Entre Ríos
* La Paz, Mendoza
* La Paz Department, Catamarca
* La Paz Department, Mendoza

## Colombia
* La Paz, Cesar
* La Paz, Santander

## Honduras
* La Paz, Honduras
* La Paz Department (Honduras)

## Mexico
* La Paz, Baja California Sur
** La Paz Municipality, Baja California Sur
* La Paz, State of Mexico, a large suburb of Mexico City

## Philippines
* La Paz, Abra
* La Paz, Agusan del Sur
* La Paz, Iloilo City, a district of Iloilo City
* La Paz, Leyte
* La Paz, Tarlac

## United States
* La Paz County, Arizona
** La Paz, Arizona, a ghost town
* La Paz, California, headquarters of the United Farm Workers
* La Paz, Indiana

## Other places
* La Paz, Uruguay
* La Paz Department (El Salvador)
* La Paz Waterfall, Costa Rica

## Other uses
* La Paz F.C., a professional football club from La Paz, Bolivia
* Metro La Paz, a Mexico City Metro station
La Paz Municipality, Mexico

**La Paz** is a municipality in the State of Mexico, Mexico. Its municipal seat is the town of **Los Reyes Acaquilpan**. It is located on the dividing line between Mexico State and the eastern edge of the Federal District and is part of the Greater Mexico City area. The area was part of a region called "Atlicpac" which in Nahuatl means 'above or at the edge of water.'  The current city's/municipality's glyph symbolizes water.

## References
San Mateo Piñas

**San Mateo Piñas** is a town and municipality in Oaxaca, Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 211.8&nbsp;km². 
It is part of the Pochutla District in the east of the Costa Region.

As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 2,647.

## References
San Mateo

**San Mateo**, Spanish for Saint Matthew, is the name for many places:

## Bolivia
* San Matéo River
* San Matéo River (Ichilo River)

## Canada
* San Mateo Bay, Vancouver Island, British Columbia

## Canary Islands
* Vega de San Mateo, Las Palmas

## Colombia
* San Mateo, Boyacá

## Costa Rica
* San Mateo (canton)
* San Mateo de Alajuela

## Guatemala
* San Mateo, Quetzaltenango

## Mexico
### State of Mexico
* San Mateo Atenco

### Oaxaca
* San Mateo Cajonos
* San Mateo del Mar
* San Mateo Etlatongo
* San Mateo Nejapam
* San Mateo Peñasco
* San Mateo Piñas
* San Mateo Río Hondo
* San Mateo Sindihui
* San Mateo Tlapiltepec
* San Mateo Yoloxochitlán

## Peru
* San Mateo de Otao District
* San Mateo District, Huarochirí

## Philippines
* San Mateo, Isabela
* San Mateo, Rizal
* San Mateo, San Pablo

## United States
* San Mateo County, California
* San Mateo, California
* San Mateo, Florida
* San Mateo, New Mexico
* San Mateo (Santurce), Puerto Rico

## Venezuela
* San Mateo, Anzoátegui
* San Mateo, Aragua
San Mateo Río Hondo

**San Mateo Río Hondo** is a town and municipality in Oaxaca, Mexico. It is part of the Miahuatlán District in the south of the Sierra Sur Region.

## References
Charles C. Campbell

**Charles C. "Hondo" Campbell** (1948&nbsp;– February 8, 2016) was an American general. He was the 17th Commanding General in the United States Army Forces Command (FORSCOM). He previously served as FORSCOM’s Deputy Commanding General and Chief of Staff from April 26, 2006 to January 8, 2007. He assumed his Commanding General assignment January 9, 2007, and completed it June 3, 2010. He was born in Shreveport, Louisiana.

Campbell died in Shreveport on February 8, 2016, from a heart attack. He was aged 68.

## References
Greater Mexico City

(Distrito Federal)]]
**Greater Mexico City** refers to the conurbation around Mexico City. The official name is **Mexico City Metropolitan Area** (*Área Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México*). It is made up of the Federal District itself and 41 surrounding municipalities of the states of Mexico and Hidalgo.

## Components of the agglomeration
### Mexico City Metropolitan Area
The Mexico City Metropolitan Area is defined to be integrated by:
;The 16 boroughs (*delegaciones*) of the Federal District (Mexico City proper):

*Azcapotzalco
*Álvaro Obregón
*Benito Juárez
*Coyoacán
*Cuajimalpa de Morelos
*Cuauhtémoc
*Gustavo A. Madero
*Iztacalco
*Iztapalapa
*Magdalena Contreras
*Miguel Hidalgo
*Milpa Alta
*Tláhuac
*Tlalpan
*Venustiano Carranza
*Xochimilco

;The 40 municipalities of the State of Mexico:

*Acolman
*Atenco
*Atizapán de Zaragoza
*Chalco
*Chiautla
*Chicoloapan
*Chiconcuac
*Chimalhuacán
*Coacalco de Berriozábal
*Cocotitlán
*Coyotepec
*Cuautitlán
*Cuautitlán Izcalli
*Ecatepec de Morelos
*Huehuetoca
*Huixquilucan
*Ixtapaluca
*Jaltenco
*La Paz
*Melchor Ocampo
*Naucalpan de Juárez
*Nextlalplan
*Nezahualcoyotl
*Nicolás Romero
*Papalotla
*San Martín de las Pirámides
*Tecámac
*Temamatla
*Teoloyucán
*Teotihuacán
*Tepetlaoxtoc
*Tepotzotlán
*Texcoco
*Tezoyuca
*Tlamanalco
*Tlalnepantla de Baz
*Tultepec
*Tultitlán
*Valle de Chalco Solidaridad
*Zumpango

;One conurbation municipality of the State of Hidalgo:
*Tizayuca

## References
Kingdom of Mysore

The **kingdom of Mysore** was a kingdom in southern India. It was founded by the Wadiyar dynasty in 1399. They ruled from 1399 to 1947. The last ruler was Jaya chamraja wodeyar. At first they ruled as s of the Vijayanagara Empire from 1399 to 1565. From 1565 to 1761 they were  rulers. From 1761 to 1796 they ruled in name only. The actual power was with Hyder Ali and his son Tipu Sultan. When Tipu Sultan died at the hands of the British, they ruled from 1799 to 1947 as British allies.

## References 
## Other websites
Warrant (law)

A **warrant** is a writ that permits someone to take a specific legal action. Most often the writ is from a judge. It is used by law enforcement to take actions such as searching for evidence, making an arrest or seizing property. They must also have probable cause (a good reason to believe they will find evidence of a crime).

### European Union 
In the European Union a European Arrest Warrant (EAW) is most often used between member countries in place of a lengthy extradition process. These came into effect on 1 January 2004. Since that time they are used to arrest dangerous criminals who flee across borders in Europe. They can detain the person for up to 48 hours. The police are required to inform the person why they were arrested. During the 48 hour period, the person may be brought before a prosecutor if the police have enough evidence. If the prosecutor believes the evidence is enough, they request a **warrant of detention** before a judge within 24 hours. The defendant appears before the judge when the warrant is requested. The case may be dropped for lack of evidence either before the prosecutor or before the judge.

## References
Dominique D'Onofrio

'''Dominique D'Onofrio''' (18 April 1953 – 12 February 2016) was an Italian footballer, coach and later chairman. He was born in Castelforte, Italy. He played for R.R.F.C. Montegnée during the 1970s. He was the head coach of Standard de Liège for almost ten years.

D'Onofrio died on 12 February 2016 from a heart attack while on a trip in Buenos Aires. He was aged 62.

## References
## Other websites
* Dominique D'Onofrio Interviewed
August P. Mardesich

**August Paul "Augie" Mardesich** (February 11, 1920 &ndash; February 8, 2016) was an American politician from the state of Washington. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was born in San Pedro, California. Mardesich served as a member of the Washington House of Representatives from 1950 through 1963. He also served as a member of the Washington Senate from the 38th district from 1963 through 1978. 

Mardesich died in Mill Creek, Washington from dementia on February 8, 2016. He was aged 95.

## References
Eliseo Prado

**Eliseo Prado** (17 September 1929 – 10 February 2016) was an Argentine football forward. He played for Argentina in the 1958 FIFA World Cup. He also played for Club Atlético River Plate. He was born in Buenos Aires.

Prado died of complications from Alzheimer's disease in Buenos Aires on 10 February 2016. He was aged 86.

## References
Phil Gartside

**Philip Andrew Gartside** (April 1952 – 10 February 2016) was an English businessman. He was born in Leigh, Lancashire. Gartside was chairman of Bolton Wanderers Football Club from 1999 through 2015.

Gartside died in Cheshire from cancer on 10 February 2016. He was aged 63.

## References
I Will Never Let You Down

"**I Will Never Let You Down**" is a song by British recording artist Rita Ora. It was first planned as lead single for her upcoming second studio album. But it was later released as a buzz single. The single was released on 31 March 2014.

The song ed at number one on the UK Singles Chart making it Ora's fourth overall UK number-one single.

The music video features twin dancers Polly Duniam and Sophie Duniam.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Rithvik Dhanjani

**Rithvik Dhanjani** is an Indian television actor. He played Arjun Digvijay Kirloskar in *Pavitra Rishta*. He won the Indian dance reality show *Nach Baliye 6* with his partner Asha Negi and also the host of Zee Rishtey Awards. In June 2012, Dhanjani  entered *Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 5* as Wild Card entry and came in third place.

## Filmography
### Television
### Web series
### Short movies
## References
## Other websites
*
Character encoding

, with the word "Wikipedia" encoded on it. ]]
Given a number of characters of an alphabet,  a **character encoding** is a function that will map each character to a number. This number must be unique and is called **code point**. In this context, a character is the minimal unit of text that has a semantic value: In alphabets that use letters, this is usually a letter. Early systems, like the telegraph only have a part of all the letters possible. They have only uppercase letters, numbers, and a few extra characters (punctuation, spacing, newline..). The flag alphabet ships use is even more restricted.
The Elements of Style

***The Elements of Style*** is an American English how-to-do-it writing style guide. It lists brief guidelines for writing simple English. The book ran to many reprints. 

The original was composed by William Strunk Jr. in 1918, and was published by Harcourt in 1920. It had eight "elementary rules of usage", ten "elementary principles of composition", "a few matters of form", a list of 49 "words and expressions commonly misused", and a list of 57 "words often misspelled". 

E. B. White much enlarged and revised the book for publication by Macmillan, in 1959. That was the first edition of the so-called "**Strunk & White**", which *Time* called in 2011 "one of the 100 best and most influential books written in English since 1923".

The first printing of the 1959 edition sold about two million copies. In the following four decades, more than ten million copies of the three printings (1959 edition, 1972 edition, and 1988 edition) have been sold.

## References
A record

In the Domain Name System, an **A record** is something that changes a domain name into a 32-bit IP address (or *IPv4 address*). A domain can have many A records, for example, the domain *example.com* could have an A record for *www.example.com* that points to the IP *127.0.0.1*, and another A record for *mail.example.com* that points to the IP *127.0.0.2*.

## Related pages
*AAAA record
*MX record

## Other websites
*The domain name RFC
Violette Verdy

**Violette Verdy** (born **Nelly Armande Guillerm**; 1 December 1933 – 8 February 2016) was a French ballerina, choreographer, teacher, and writer. She worked as a dance company director in France and the United States. She was a Distinguished Professor of Music (Ballet) at the Jacobs School of Music at Indiana University, in Bloomington, Indiana. She was an artistic director of the Paris Opera Ballet and Boston Ballet, and the recipient of two medals from the French government. She was born in Pont-l'Abbé, France.

Verdy died in Bloomington, Indiana from heart failure on 8 February 2016. She was aged 82.

## References
Aizawl

**Aizawl** is the capital city of the state of Mizoram in India. It has a population of 293,416 according to the census of 2011. It is the largest city in the state. The population of Aizawl is mostly ethnic Mizo people. The people are mostly Christian.

Aizawl is located in the northern part of Mizoram. It is 1,132&nbsp;metres (3715&nbsp;ft) above sea level. In the summer the temperatures range from , and in the winter .

## References 
## Other websites 
* Aizawl Official Website
O. N. V. Kurup

**Ottaplakkal Neelakandan Velu Kurup** (27 May 1931 – 13 February 2016),  popularly known as **O. N. V. Kurup** or simply ** O. N. V.**, was an Indian poet and lyricist. He won Jnanpith Award, the highest literary award in India in 2007. He was born in Chavara, Kollam.

Kurup wrote lyrics for music used in Malayalam cinema. He has written a lot of lyrics for dramas and television serials also. He received the awards Padma Shri in 1998 and Padma Vibhushan in 2011, the fourth and second highest civilian honours from the Government of India. In 2007 he was given an Honorary Doctorate by University of Kerala, Trivandrum. O. N. V. was known for his leftist political views. He was the Left Democratic Front (LDF) candidate in the Thiruvananthapuram constituency for the Lok Sabha elections in 1989.

Kurup died of respiratory failure on 13 February 2016 in Trivandrum, Kerala. He was aged 84.

## References
Mapp v. Ohio

***Mapp v. Ohio***, 367 U.S. 643 (1961), was a landmark decision in criminal procedure. The United States Supreme Court ruled that evidence obtained in  of the Fourth Amendment may not be used at trial in a state court.

## Circumstances 
On May 23, 1957, in Cleveland, Ohio, three police officers arrived at the home of a Miss Mapp, the appellant. When Mapp did not come to the door immediately, a door was forced open and the police entered. The police did not find the bombing suspect. Mapp was convicted of violating Ohio state law prohibiting “lewd, lascivious, or obscene material.” In the 6-3 decision, the court found the states were also required to  evidence seized in violation of a person's Fourth Amendment rights. They stated that any evidence obtained in searches and seizures that violated the Constitution were not admissible in state courts. Otherwise, there would be no right against unreasonable search and seizure. Associate justice Tom C. Clark delivered the majority opinion.

## Notes 
## References 
## Other websites 
* The Impact of Mapp v Ohio 
* Dissenting Opinion
Mexico (disambiguation)

**Mexico** is a country in North America.

**Mexico** may also refer to:

## Geography
### Mexico
*Mexico City (México, D.F.; Ciudad de México; Distrito Federal)
*Mexico (state) (Estado Libre y Soberano de México; México)

### United States
*New Mexico
*Mexico, Illinois
*Mexico, Indiana
*Mexico, Kentucky
*Mexico, Maine
*Mexico, Allegany County, Maryland
*Mexico, Carroll County, Maryland
*Mexico, Missouri
*Mexico (town), New York
*Mexico (village), New York
*Mexico, Ohio
*Mexico, Juniata County, Pennsylvania
*Mexico, Montour County, Pennsylvania
*Mexico, Texas

### Philippines
*Mexico, Pampanga, a municipality in the Philippines

## Related pages
*
MX record

In the Domain Name System, an **MX record** is something that a domain uses to tell people and software the IP address of an email server. There can be more than one MX record for a domain. When there is more than one record, DNS uses a priority list that tells whatever is looking up the records to try the IP addresses in a certain order. For example, *example.com* might have a set of MX records that say for *mail.example.com* to try *127.0.0.5* first. If that try fails, another record will say to try *127.0.0.6*. This behavior makes email more reliable.

## Related pages
*A record
*AAAA record

## References
## Other websites
*The domain name RFC
The Milli Gazette

***Milli Gazette*** (**MG**) is an English-language newspaper in India. It is a compact newspaper. It describes itself as the leading English newspaper for Indian Muslims. Feature articles generally cover global news concerning Muslims, focusing especially on Indian Muslim issues. 

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
*Milli Gazette E-paper
*Google Directory Listing of Newspapers from India
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States

**Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States** are the members of the Supreme Court of the United States other than the Chief Justice of the United States. The number of Associate Justices is ruled by the United States Congress and is currently set at eight by the Judiciary Act of 1869.

## How they are nominated
The President "shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint... Judges of the supreme Court." Although the Constitution refers to them as "Judges of the Supreme Court," the title actually used is "Associate Justice," introduced in the Judiciary Act of 1789. Associate justices were traditionally styled "Mr. Justice" in court opinions, but the title was shortened to "Justice" in 1980, a year before the first female justice was appointed.

## Duties
Each of the Justices of the Supreme Court has a single vote in deciding the cases argued before it; the Chief Justice's vote counts no more than that of any other Justice.

## Succession process
Under 28 USC 3, when the Chief Justice is unable to discharge his functions, or that office is vacant, his duties are carried out by the most senior Associate Justice until the disability or the vacancy ends.

## Current justices
**The current Associate Justices are (in order of seniority):**

## References
## Other websites
*Historic collection of Supreme Court decisions and biographies indexed by judge name
Johnny Lattner

**John Joseph Lattner** (October 24, 1932 – February 12, 2016) was an American football player.  While playing college football for the University of Notre Dame, he won the Heisman Trophy in 1953.  He also won the Maxwell Award twice, in 1952 and 1953.  Lattner played professionally for one season in the National Football League (NFL), with the Pittsburgh Steelers in 1954. He was born in Chicago, Illinois.

Lattner died in Oak Park, Illinois on February 12, 2016 from lung cancer. He was aged of 83.

## References
Judicial interpretation

**Judicial interpretation** is an explanation of how the judiciary interprets the law. In Common law, judicial interpretation is made up of  that come from case law rather than from a legislature. These represent all previous judicial decisions. This is also called **literalism**.

* **Strict constructionism** is when a judge interprets the text only as it is spoken. Once a clear meaning has been established, there is no need for further analysis. Judges should avoid drawing inferences from previous statutes or the constitution and instead focus on exactly what was written.

* '''Founders' Intent** is when judges try to gauge the intentions of the authors of the Constitution. Problems can arise when judges try to determine which particular Founders or Framers to consult. It is also a problem to try to determine what they meant based on often sparse and incomplete documentation. This is also called **original intent**.

* **Originalism** is when judges try to apply the "original" meanings of various constitutional provisions.

* **Balancing** happens when judges weigh one set of interests or rights against an opposing set. They typically used to make rulings in First Amendment cases.

* **Prudentialism** discourages judges from setting broad rules for possible future cases. It advises courts to play a limited role.

* **Doctrinalism''' considers how various parts of the Constitution have been "shaped by the Court's own jurisprudence".

* **Precedent** is when judges decide a case by looking to the decision of a previous and similar case. They find a rule or principle in the earlier case to guide the current case.

* **Structuralism** is a method judges use by finding the meaning of a particular constitutional principle only by "reading it against the larger constitutional document or context." 

## References 
## Related pages 
*Jurisprudence
Incorporation of the Bill of Rights

The **incorporation of the Bill of Rights** (also called **incorporation** for short) is how American courts have applied portions of the U.S. Bill of Rights to the states. This has been done through the Due Process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.  Before 1925, the Bill of Rights was held only to apply to the federal government. Under the **incorporation doctrine**, most provisions of the Bill of Rights now also apply to the state and local governments.

Prior to the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment and what became the incorporation doctrine, the Supreme Court in 1833 held in *Barron v. Baltimore* that the Bill of Rights applied only to the federal government, not the states. Even years after the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment, the Supreme Court in *United States v. Cruikshank* (1876) still held that the First and Second Amendment did not apply to state governments. However, beginning in the 1920s, a series of Supreme Court decisions interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment to "incorporate" most portions of the Bill of Rights, making these portions, for the first time, enforceable against the state governments. This process has been called selective incorporation.

## References
2015 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A - Results of first round

This is the **Results of the first round of 2015 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A**.

## Results 
### 1st round 
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### 8th round 
### 9th round 
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### 11th round 
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### 12th round 
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### 15th round 
### 16th round 
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### 17th round 
### 18th round 
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### 19th round 
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Sri Srinivasan

**Padmanabhan Srikanth** "**Sri**" **Srinivasan** (born February 23, 1967) is an American jurist. He is the United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit since May 2013. 

He was confirmed by the United States Senate by a vote of 97–0 on May 23, 2013. Before being confirmed as a judge he was the Principal Deputy Solicitor General of the United States. He has argued 25 cases before the U.S. Supreme Court. He was also a lecturer at Harvard Law School.

Srinivasan also is known for having represented former Enron executive Jeffrey Skilling in his appeal before the U.S. Supreme Court, *Skilling v. United States* (2010).

## Early life
Srinivasan was born in Chandigarh, India on February 23, 1967. He was raised in Lawrence, Kansas. He played basketball at Lawrence High School. He studied at Stanford University.

## Career
### Federal judicial service (2013-present)
On June 11, 2012, President Barack Obama nominated Srinivasan to the seat on the D.C. Circuit. He was nominated again on January 3, 2013, after the Senate adjourned.

His Senate confirmation hearing on April 10, 2013, was uneventful. His nomination was reported to the floor of the Senate on May 16, 2013, by a unanimous vote of 18 for and 0 against. A final vote on his nomination took place on May 23, 2013, where he was confirmed 97-0. He received his commission on May 24, 2013. He received the oath of office from Chief Judge Merrick Garland on June 18, 2013.

### 2016 Supreme Court speculation
On February 13, 2016, just hours after the death of Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia, there were rumors being published in the media that Srinivasan was the most likely nominee President Barack Obama was going to put forward to replace Scalia.

On March 16, 2016, Obama nominated Merrick Garland to replace Scalia.

## Personal life
Srinivasan lives in Arlington, Virginia.  He has been married to Carla J. Garrett.

## References
John Danforth

**John Claggett Danforth** (born September 5, 1936) is a retired American politician. He began his career in 1968 as the Attorney General of Missouri. He served three terms as a United States Senator from Missouri. He is considered a moderate and conciliator. He has been periodically called out of retirement by both of the major political parties to fill diplomatic roles. In 2004, he served briefly as United States Ambassador to the United Nations.

Danforth is an ordained Episcopal priest. He presided over the state funeral of Ronald (2004) and Nancy Reagan (2016).

## Family and education 
Danforth was born in St. Louis, Missouri. He is the son of Dorothy (Claggett) and Donald Danforth. He is the grandson of William H. Danforth, founder of Purina Mills. His father was the CEO of its successor, Ralston Purina. Danforth's brother, Dr. William Henry Danforth, is former chancellor of Washington University in St. Louis.

Danforth attended St. Louis Country Day School for high school. He eventually went to Princeton University where he received his bachelor's degree in 1958. While in college Danforth joined Lambda Chi Alpha, a fraternity. He then attended law and divinity graduate schools at Yale University. He was employed a short time at the New York law firm Davis Polk & Wardwell.

## References
Leo Ehlen

**Leo Ehlen** (20 May 1953 – 10 February 2016) was a Dutch football player. He was born in Broeksittard, Limburg (Netherlands). He was a defender and defensive midfielder. Ehlen started his professional career with Fortuna SC and joined Roda JC in 1975. With Roda JC, he played alongside Dick Nanninga, Pierre Vermeulen and Theo de Jong. He was nicknamed the *Neeskens of Roda* after Johan Neeskens. Ehlen scored 6 goals in 233 official matches for the club. He left them after nine years for a short time with Belgian team Waterschei.

Ehlen died in Sittard, Netherlands on 10 February 2016 from kidney disease. He was aged 62.

## References
YouTube Premium

**YouTube Premium**, previously known as **Music Key** or **YouTube Red** is a premium subscription service to YouTube. It allows users to watch videos without any advertisements and allows users to download videos to their mobile devices (but not desktop computers). It costs $11 USD per month as of April 2020, with a free trial that is given new users. 

YouTube Premium was originally launched on November 14, 2014, as Music Key, offering advertisement-free streaming of music videos from participating labels on YouTube and Google Play Music. The service was then revised and relaunched as YouTube Red on October 31, 2015, expanding its scope to offer advertisement-free access to all YouTube videos, as opposed to just music. 

YouTube announced the rebranding of the service as YouTube Premium on May 17, 2018, alongside the return of a separate, YouTube Music subscription service. Later in the year, it was reported that YouTube was planning to make some of the original content associated with the service available on an ad-supported basis.
## Features
A YouTube Premium subscription allows users to watch videos on YouTube without advertisements across the website and its mobile apps, including the dedicated YouTube Music, YouTube Gaming, and YouTube Kids apps and services. Through the apps, users can also save videos to their device for offline viewing, play their audio in the background, and in picture-in-picture mode on Android Oreo and newer. YouTube Premium also offers original content that is exclusive to subscribers, which is created and published by YouTube's largest creators.
## References
## Other websites
*
United States presidential primary

In the United States, a **presidential primary** is a series of elections and caucuses within a political party. They are held to choose the party's candidate for the presidential election. This process was never included in the United States Constitution; it was created over time by the political parties. Some states hold only primary elections, some hold only caucuses, and others use a combination of both.

These primaries and caucuses are staggered generally between either late-January or early-February, and mid-June before the presidential election in November. The primary elections are run by state and local governments.

## Other websites
* Fairvote.org
Latrobe, Pennsylvania

**Latrobe**  is a city in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania in the United States and part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. The city population was 8,060 as of the 2020 census (9,265 in 1990). Latrobe was incorporated as a borough in 1854, and as a city in 1999 (#Jerbs).  The zip code is 15650, bijjes!

## References
## Other websites
* City of Latrobe website
* Greater Latrobe Community Network
Viggo Rivad

**Viggo Reinholdt Rivad** (3 July 1922 – 8 February 2016) was a Danish photographer. His career began in 1946, and he went on to win many competitions in the 1950s and 1960s. He was born in Nørrebro, Denmark. 

Around 1960, he adopted his so-called "essay approach". The essay approach uses a series of photographs to tell a story. This resulted in a series of related photographs such as *"Et farvel"* (1962) and *"Laurits"* (1971). Rivad also earned a living as a taxi driver. He was a quiet, dedicated photographer, concentrating on disadvantaged areas and people on the edges of society. His humanitarian messages were a result of his anger and concern for society's .

Rivad died in Copenhagen, Denmark of complications from a stroke on 8 February 2016. He was 93 years old.

## References
Trifon Ivanov

**Trifon Marinov Ivanov** (; 27 July 1965 – 13 February 2016) was a Bulgarian international footballer. He played as a defender.

Ivanov played his first game for Bulgaria in 1988. He earned 76 caps and scored 6 goals over a ten-year international career. He played in the 1994 and 1998 FIFA World Cups, as well as the 1996 UEFA European Championship.

Ivanov died of a heart attack on 13 February 2016 in Samovodene, Bulgaria. He was aged 50.

## Career statistics
### International
:''Scores and results list Bulgaria's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Ivanov goal.''

## Honours
**CSKA Sofia**
*Bulgarian A Group: 1988–89, 1989–90, 1991–92
*Bulgarian Cup: 1988–89
*Bulgarian Supercup: 1989

**Rapid Wien**
*Austrian Bundesliga: 1995–96
*UEFA Cup Winners' Cup: runner-up 1995–96

**Bulgaria**
* FIFA World Cup fourth place: 1994

## References
Joachim Peiper

**Joachim Peiper**, (30 January 1915 in Berlin – 14 July 1976 in Traves, Haute-Saône), also known as **Jochen Peiper**, was a waffen-SS military officer of Nazi Germany during World War II. 

He was a field officer of the Waffen-SS (he had the rank of SS-Standartenführer der Waffen-SS, comparable with the rank of colonel). He was personal adjutant to the commander of the Schutzstaffel (SS), Heinrich Himmler. He held this position between November 1940 and August 1941. Peiper fought on both the Eastern Front against the Red Army and the Western Front against the Western Allies. He won the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords for bravery on the battlefield and his leadership skills. By 1945, he was in command of a regiment of the Waffen-SS. He was the Waffen-SS's youngest regimental colonel.

Peiper was convicted of war crimes committed in Belgium. He was imprisoned for almost 12 years. He was also accused of war crimes in Italy. However, Italian and German courts decided that there was not enough evidence. After his release from prison, Peiper worked for both Porsche and Volkswagen. He then moved to France. In France he translated books from English to German under the pseudonym **Rainer Buschmann**. Peiper was murdered in France in July 1976. He was shot by unknown people who then burned his house to the ground using Molotov cocktails.

**Promotions and Ranks in the SS (1936-1945)**

SS-Untersturmfuhrer (Second Lieutenant) ; 1936-1939

SS-Obersturmfuhrer (First Lieutenant) ; 1939-1940)

SS-Hauptsturmfuhrer (Captain) ; 1940-1943

SS-Sturmbannfuhrer (Major),Obersturmbannfuhrer (Lieutenant-Colonel) ; 1943-1945

SS-Standartenfuhrer (Colonel) ; 1945

## Other websites
New York metropolitan area

image of the New York metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area in the United States and one of the largest in the world, with Long Island in the east and Manhattan in the image's center.]]
The **New York metropolitan area** is the city and suburbs of New York City. It includes Long Island and the Mid- and Lower Hudson Valley in the state of New York. It also includes north and central New Jersey, three counties in western Connecticut and five counties in eastern Pennsylvania.

The New York metropolitan area is the most populous in US. This includes the numbers defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area (20.1&nbsp;million residents) and the Combined Statistical Area (22.4&nbsp;million residents).

## References
Prince William County, Virginia

**Prince William County** is a county in Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 482,204.

## References
Muriel Casals i Couturier

in September 2013]]
**Muriel Casals i Couturier** (April 6, 1945 &ndash; February 14, 2016) was a French-born Spanish economist. She was an emeritus professor in the Department of Economics and Historical Economics in the Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB). She was also vicedean of International Relations and Cooperation between 2002 and 2005.

She specialized in industrial reconversions, the history of economic thought and European economics. Casals was also the representative of the UAB in the Xarxa Vives d'Universitats (Live University Networks) between 2002 and 2009. She had been a visiting professor at the University of Edinburgh, the London School of Economics and the University of Wales at Bangor. She was born in Avignon, France to Spanish parents.

Couturier died on February 14, 2016 in Barcelona. She had been injured after being hit by a bicycle. She was aged 70.

## References
Eric Lubbock, 4th Baron Avebury

**Eric Reginald Lubbock, 4th Baron Avebury**, PC (29 September 1928&nbsp;– 14 February 2016) was an English politician.

He served as the Liberal Member of Parliament for Orpington from 1962 to 1970. He served in the House of Lords, having inherited the title of Baron Avebury in 1971. In 1999, when most hereditary peers were removed from the House of Lords, he was elected by his fellow Liberal Democrats to remain. When he died, he was the longest-serving Liberal Democrat peer.

Lubbock died on 14 February 2016 in London from leukemia. He was aged 87.

## References
Liberal Party (UK)

The **Liberal Party** was a liberal political party. It was one of the two big political parties in the United Kingdom in the 19th and early 20th century.

The party came from an alliance of Whigs and free-trade Peelites and radicals in the 1850s. In the next 50 years it formed four governments under William Gladstone. 

The party split over the issue of Irish Home Rule. It returned to power in 1906 with a landslide victory. They introduced the welfare reforms that created a basic British welfare state. 

H. H. Asquith was Liberal Prime Minister between 1908 and 1916. He was followed by David Lloyd George, whose premiership lasted until 1922. At that time the coalition the party had formed with the Conservative Party in World War I came to an end.

By the end of the 1920s, the Labour Party had replaced the Liberals as the Conservatives' main rival. The party went into decline. By the 1950s, it won no more than six seats at general elections.

Apart from notable by-election victories, the party's fortunes did not improve significantly until it formed the SDP-Liberal Alliance with the newly formed Social Democratic Party (SDP) in 1981. At the 1983 General Election, the Alliance won over a quarter of the vote, but only 23 of the 650 seats it contested. At the 1987 General Election, it won less than 23% of the vote.

In 1988, the Liberal Party was renamed the Liberal Democrats with the SDP merging into it. 

Prominent intellectuals associated with the Liberal Party include the philosopher John Stuart Mill, the economist John Maynard Keynes and social planner William Beveridge.

## References 
## Other websites
*[Includes various publications by the Liberal Party from the 19th and 20th centuries](https://archive.org/search?query=creator%3A%22Liberal%20Publication%20Dept.%20(Great%20Britain)%22)
*100 points in Liberal policy and of the Liberal record : facts, figures, and proposals clearly, shortly and interestingly explained ... 1912
*The work of liberalism since the great Reform Act. A summary of political history, 1832-1905
*The British Liberal party; an historical sketch by Hamilton Fyfe
Amniotic sac

The **amniotic sac**  holds a fetus while it is developing during pregnancy.  The amniotic sac is filled with **amniotic fluid**, which protects the fetus.  

## Purpose
### The amniotic fluid
The amniotic fluid is very important in protecting the fetus and helping the fetus grow:
* It acts like a cushion, so the fetus does not hit the side of the mother's abdomen or pelvic floor
* It lets the fetus float and move around, which helps the muscles and bones grow
* It keeps the fetus warm
* It contains nutrients that help the fetus grow

Once the fetus is about four months old, when the kidneys start to work, the amniotic fluid serves another important purpose.

## Development
The amniotic sac starts to form and fill with amniotic fluid just days after a woman gets pregnant.  At first, the amniotic fluid is made from the mother's plasma (the liquid part of her blood).

At first, the amniotic fluid is made mostly of water with electrolytes (salts).  However, by the 12th to the 14th week of pregnancy, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, phospholipids, and urea are all in the amniotic fluid.

## Testing
A  of amniotic fluid can show whether a fetus has certain genetic disorders or infections.  A test called an amniocentesis can take a sample of amniotic fluid with a needle and study it for problems.

## Birth
When a woman starts to give birth, the amniotic sac should break and the amniotic fluid will leak out the woman's vagina.  This is often called the time when a woman's "water breaks."  Doctors call it "rupture of membranes."

Once the baby is born, the amniotic sac is pushed out of the woman's vagina in the afterbirth, along with the placenta.

## Related pages 
* Placenta
* Endometrium 
* Caesarean section

## References
Competition (biology)

s compete for territory]]
 and a spotted hyena in the Maasai Mara: The two species share similar ecological niches, and so compete with each other]]

**Competition** is an  between organisms or species in which the fitness of one is lowered by the presence of another. According to evolutionary theory, this competition within and between species for resources plays a role in natural selection.

Competition occurs when  organisms or species need or use the same resources.  Common resources are food, water and territory.

Two species in competition often continue long-term in the same environment. This suggests they each have an "edge" which the other does not. In may cases *being there first* is a big edge. For example, plants consume nitrogen by absorbing it into their roots, making nitrogen unavailable to nearby plants. 

Species in competition may directly interfere with each other. An example of this can be seen between the ant *Novomessor cockerelli* and red harvester ants, where the first interferes with the ability of the second to forage. It does this by plugging the entrances to their rival's colonies with small rocks.

## Related pages 
*Struggle for existence
*Natural selection

## References
Cloak

A **cloak** is a type of loose garment. It is worn over indoor clothing. It protects a person, for example from cold or rain. It may be part of an outfit or uniform. Cloaks have been used by many historical societies. Their designs, over time, have been changed to match fashion and available textiles.

Cloaks generally fasten at the neck or over the shoulder. They can be different lengths, from hip all the way down the ankle. They may have an attached hood. They may fasten down the front. Cloaks are almost always sleeveless.

## References
Equal Protection Clause

The **Equal Protection Clause** is part of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The clause, which took effect in 1868, provides that no state shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction "the equal protection of the laws". 

## Meaning 
A primary motivation for this clause was to validate the equality provisions contained in the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which guaranteed that all people would have rights equal to those of all citizens.  As a whole, the Fourteenth Amendment marked a large shift in American constitutionalism. It applied substantially more constitutional restrictions against the states than had applied before the Civil War.

The meaning of the Equal Protection Clause has been the subject of much debate. It has inspired the well-known phrase "Equal Justice Under Law".  These words are inscribed on the U.S. Supreme court building.  However, the Supreme Court held in *Bolling v. Sharpe* (1954) that equal protection requirements apply to the federal government through the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment.

## References 
## Other websites 
* The Meaning of Equal Protection: Then, Now, and Tomorrow; American Bar Association
* The 14th Amendment and Equal Protection Clause; YouTube
Big Rigs: Over the Road Racing

***Big Rigs: Over the Road Racing*** is a truck racing video game released in 2003. It was developed by Stellar Stone and published by GameMill Publishing. The game was released unfinished and is missing many features, including collision detection. It is often considered to be the worst video game ever made. 

## Gameplay
The game has five racetracks, one of which causes the game to crash when selected. Each level starts with an opponent that either doesn't move, or in a patched version will move but will never complete the race. When the race is finished, the grammatically incorrect message "You're Winner" is displayed, and the race ends. There is no way for the player to lose the race or for the computer opponent to win. It is possible to drive through buildings, up mountains, and even outside the level due to the lack of collision detection. A glitch that has been unpatched lets you go in reverse at insane speeds, sometimes faster than the speed of light.

## References
Medea

* by Anthony Frederick Augustus Sandys (painted 1866-68); The painting was not accepted for the exhibition in the Royal Academy in 1868. This rejection caused  a storm of protest.]]
, for a theatre piece starring Sarah Bernardt as Medea (1898)]]
In Greek mythology, **Medea** (; , *Mēdeia*, , *Medea'') is a sorceress of Greek mythology. She was the daughter of King Aeëtes of Colchis, niece of Circe, granddaughter of the sun god Helios. She married the hero Jason, and had two children with him, Mermeros and Pheres. In Euripides's play *Medea*, Jason leaves Medea when Creon, king of Corinth, offers him his daughter, Glauce. The play tells of Medea avenging her husband's betrayal by killing their children.

The myths involving Jason have been interpreted as part of a class of myths that tell how the Hellenes of the distant heroic age, before the Trojan War, faced the challenges of the pre-Greek "Pelasgian" cultures of mainland Greece, the Aegean and Anatolia. Jason, Perseus, Theseus, and above all Heracles, are all figures on the threshold between the old world of shamans, earth deities, and the new Bronze Age Greek ways.

Medea figures in the myth of Jason and the Argonauts, a myth known best from a late literary version worked up by Apollonius of Rhodes in the 3rd century BC and called the *Argonautica.* However, for all its self-consciousness and researched archaic vocabulary, the late epic was based on very old, scattered materials. Medea is known in most stories as an enchantress and is often depicted as a priestess of the goddess Hecate or a witch. The myth of Jason and Medea is very old, originally written around the time Hesiod wrote the *Theogony*. It was known to the composer of the  *Little Iliad*, part of the Epic Cycle.

## References