open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Roger Pingeon

**Roger Pingeon** (; 28 August 1940 &ndash; 19 March 2017) was a professional French road bicycle racer. He raced as a professional from 1964 to 1974. In 1967, Pingeon won the Tour de France. In 1969, Pingeon won the Vuelta a España and finished second behind Eddy Merckx in the 1969 Tour de France. He was born in Hauteville-Lompnes, Ain, France.

Pingeon died in Paris, France from a heart attack on 19 March 2017, aged 76.

## References
## Other websites
Ivan Grubišić

**Ivan Grubišić** (20 June 1936 &ndash; 19 March 2017) was a Croatian Roman Catholic priest, sociologist, and independent politician. He served as a representative in the Croatian Parliament representing the X electoral district from 22 December 2011 through 28 December 2015. 

Grubišić was born in Dicmo, Kingdom of Yugoslavia. He studied at University of Zagreb and at the University of Zadar. Grubišić died in Split, Croatia on 19 March 2017, aged 80.

## Related pages
*List of sociologists from Europe

## References
## Other websites
*
André Tosel

**André Tosel** (15 June 1941 – 14 March 2017) was a French Marxist philosopher and academic administrator. He was the author of several books about Marxism and Marxist theorists.

Tosel taught Philosophy at the University of Franche-Comté and Pantheon-Sorbonne University until he became a full professor of Philosophy at the University of Nice Sophia Antipolis. He served as its vice president from 1992 to 1998, and as the director of its Center for the History of Ideas from 1998 to 2003. 

Tosel died in Nice, France on 14 March 2017 at the age of 75.

## References
Catacomb

catacombs in Rome.]]

A **catacomb** is an underground tunnel that is used to hold and bury dead bodies. Many of them were made in the Roman Empire.

## In popular culture
### Music
*The Catacombs* is the eighth movement from *Pictures at an Exhibition* by Modest Mussorgsky. It describes of loud and soft sounds of echoes in catacombs.

## Related pages
* Tomb
* Crypt
* Cemetery
Jimmy Breslin

**James Earle "Jimmy" Breslin** (October 17, 1928 – March 19, 2017) was an American journalist and author. He wrote a column for the *New York Daily News* Sunday edition until his death in 2017. He won the Pulitzer Prize for Commentary in 1986.

Breslin authored numerous novels, and columns of his have appeared regularly in many newspapers in his hometown of New York City. He served as a regular columnist for the Long Island newspaper *Newsday* until his retirement on November 2, 2004, though he still published occasional pieces for the paper.  

Breslin wrote the novels ''Can't Anybody Here Play This Game?* (1962) and *The Gang That Couldn't Shoot Straight* (1969). In 1999, he appeared as himself in the 1999 American thriller movie *Summer of Sam''.

Breslin worked as an investigation journalist and helped solve crimes committed by the mafia in New York including Henry Hill and serial killer David Berkowitz. He married Rosemary Dattalico from 1954 until her death in 1981. He later married Ronnie Eldridge from 1982 until his death in 2017. Breslin had six children.

Breslin died on March 19, 2017 at his home in Manhattan, New York from complications of pneumonia, aged 88.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*Jimmy Breslin quotes
Hasyim Muzadi

**Achmad Hasyim Muzadi** (August 8, 1944 – March 16, 2017) was an Indonesian Islamic scholar, and cleric. He served as the fourth Chairman of Nahdlatul Ulama, the largest Islamic organization in Indonesia, from 1999 to 2010. 

He was the founder and director of the Al-Hikam Islamic boarding school. He was the running mate of Megawati Sukarnoputri in Indonesia's 2004 presidential election, but the ticket lost the election in a runoff. 

He was a member of Indonesia's Presidential Advisory Board from 2015 until his death. He was a proponent of moderate Islam, which he defined as being neither radical nor liberal, criticizing both Islamic fundamentalism and liberal Islam.

Muzadi died of cardiac arrest on March 16, 2017 in Malang, East Java after being hospitalized for exhaustion, aged 72.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*
Auntie Fee

'''Felicia Arlene O'Dell** (May 7, 1957 – March 17, 2017) known popularly as **Auntie Fee'* (pronounced as *Ain't Fee''), was an American YouTube personality and online cooking show star.

She made videos in her kitchen, mostly with her son Tavis Hunter. She created more than 50 videos on her YouTube channel, titled 'Cooking With Auntie Fee.' Auntie Fee made appearances on *Jimmy Kimmel Live!*, *The Steve Harvey Show* and *TMZ*. She also had roles on the TV show *Real Husbands of Hollywood* and the movie *Barbershop 3*.

O'Dell died from a heart attack in Los Angeles, California on March 17, 2017, aged 59. She says she learned how to cook by the age of nine, while preparing some of his favorite dishes, which included gumbo, hog's head cheese, and red beans and rice. She dropped out her senior year and developed a drug habit. She was then arrested for running drugs out of her home and served time in prison. One reports says she served just a "few years" in an Arkansas prison. She also said that she took the responsibility for a crime she didn't commit. Her son, Tavis Hunter, helped her to shoot. He was also a sidekick. Auntie Fee had more than 330,000 followers on her Facebook page. *The Steve Harvey Show* and TMZ.

She started a business of selling branded merchandise on her web site, such as dry seasoning, apparel, and other spices for cooking.

She created more than 50 videos on her YouTube channel, titled "Cooking With Auntie Fee". She also had roles on the television show *Real Husbands of Hollywood* and the movie *Barbershop 3*.

## Death 
O'Dell fell sick with chest pains in her home on March 14, 2017, and a 911 call was made. Her son recorded her last moments on camera. While at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, she suffered a massive heart attack and was placed on life support. Her son, Tavis Hunter, commented on her death, telling *E! News* in 2017:

Her brother, Jude O'Dell, stated that his sister died at the hospital on March 18, 2017. She was 59 years old. Her funeral, which was live streamed on Facebook and open to the public, was held on April 1, 2017 at Paradise Baptist Church in Los Angeles.

## References
## Other websites 
* YouTube channel
Słubice

**Słubice** is a town in Lubusz Voivodeship, Poland. Across the Oder River from it is the town of Frankfurt (Oder) in Germany. About 18,000 people live in Słubice.
Cuban Thaw

]]
The **United States–Cuban Thaw** () is a warming of Cuba–United States relations that began in December 2014, ending a 54-year break between the nations. In March 2016, Barack Obama became the first U.S. President to visit Cuba since 1928.

## Background
On December 17, 2014, U.S. President Barack Obama and Cuban President Raúl Castro announced the beginning of a process of normalizing relations between Cuba and the United States.  The normalization agreement was secretly negotiated in the months before, being overseen by Pope Francis and largely hosted by the Government of Canada.

Meetings were held in Canada and in Vatican City.  The agreement would see the lifting of some U.S. travel restrictions, fewer restrictions on remittances, and U.S. banks' access to the Cuban financial system. (A *remittance* can mean: money which is sent to someone in another country.)

## Effects
On April 14, 2015, the Obama administration announced that Cuba would be removed from the United States State Sponsors of Terrorism list. With no congressional action to block this within the permitted time period, Cuba was officially removed from the list on May 29, 2015. This marked a further departure by the United States from the Cold War conflict and its strain on Cuba–United States relations.

On July 20, 2015, the Cuban and U.S. "interests sections" in Washington and Havana were upgraded to embassies, marking the re-establishment of diplomatic relations that had been broken in 1961.

## Trump presidency
On June 16, 2017 President Donald Trump announced that he was "canceling" the Obama administrations deals with Cuba, while also expressing that a new deal could be negotiated between the Cuban and United States governments.
## Biden presidency 
In May 2022, the Biden administration announced new changes that reversed Trump's measures toward Cuba.  The limit on family remittances  was eliminated and the staff at the Havana embassy was expanded to process visas.

## References
## Other websites
Leticia Ramos-Shahani

**Leticia Valdez Ramos-Shahani** (September 30, 1929 – March 20, 2017) was a Filipino politician and writer. She served as a member of the Senate from 1987 through 1998 and the Senate President pro tempore from 1993 through 1996. She was a member of the Lakas Kampi CMD.

Ramos-Shahani was born in Lingayen, Pangasinan, Philippine Islands. She was the sister of President Fidel V. Ramos. Ramos-Shahani died at a hospital in Taguig, Philippines on March 20, 2017 from complications of colon cancer and pneumonia, aged 87. 

## References
Gardon d'Alès

The '''Gardon d'Alès''' is a river in southeastern France, in the Lozère and Gard departments in the Occitanie region. It is a left tributary of the Gardon river.

## Geography
The Gardon d'Alès river has a length of  and a drainage basin with an area of .

### Course
The Gardon d'Alès starts in the *commune* of Saint-Privat-de-Vallongue, Lozère department in the Cévennes National Park, at an altitude of about . From here, the river flows in general to the southeast.

The Gardon d'Alès joins the ''Gardon d'Anduze* (the name of the upper Gardon or Gard river) between the *communes'' Cassagnoles and Vézénobres. to the south of Alès, at an altitude of about .

The Gardon d'Alès flows through the Lozère and Gard departments, in the Occitanie region, and a total of 17 *communes*, 12 in the Gard department and 5 in the Lozère department: and the *Le Galeizon*, a right tributary  long.

## Gallery

File:Gardon d'Alès near Sainte-Cécile-d'Andorge (Gard, Fr).JPG|Gardon d'Alès near Sainte-Cécile-d'Andorge.
File:Gardon d'Alès at La Grand-Combe.JPG|Gardon d'Alès in La Grand-Combe.
File:Le gardon d ales le collet de deze.jpg|Gardon d'Alès in Collet-de-Dèze.
File:Alès le Gardon.JPG|Gardon d'Alès in Alès.

## Related pages
* List of rivers of France

## References
Dwight Clark

**Dwight Edward Clark** (January 8, 1957 &ndash; June 4, 2018) was a former American football wide receiver and executive. He played for the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL) from 1979 to 1987.  

With the 49ers, Clark played on two Super Bowl championship teams.  He caught the winning touchdown pass thrown by quarterback Joe Montana in the NFC Championship Game in January 1982 against the Dallas Cowboys. Clark played college football at Clemson University before being drafted by the 49ers in the 10th round of the 1979 NFL Draft.  He served as the general manager of the 49ers in 1998 and in the same capacity with the Cleveland Browns from 1998 to 2002.

Clark was born in Kinston, North Carolina. He studied at Clemson University. Clark lived in Santa Cruz, California with his wife Kelly for a long time until moving to Whitefish, Montana. 

On March 19, 2017, Clark announced that he was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Clark died on June 4, 2018 from the disease in Whitefish, aged 61.

## References
Joni Sledge

**Joan Elise Sledge** (September 13, 1956 &ndash; March 10, 2017), better known as **Joni Sledge**, was an American singer–songwriter and producer. Sledge was best known as a founding member of the American family vocal group Sister Sledge. Sledge performed the song "Then Came You" with the Spinners on the television music show *The Midnight Special* in 1975.

In addition to singing, Sledge was also a songwriter and producer. She wrote and produced the song "Brother, Brother Stop" for a Sister Sledge greatest hits album in 1996. Sledge's production of their album *African Eyes* which was released in 1997 was nominated for a best–production Grammy.

Sledge was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She studied at Temple University. She had one son Thaddeus Sledge. 

Sledge was found dead by a friend at her home on March 11, 2017 in Phoenix, Arizona at the age of 60. Her death was originally considered due to unknown circumstances as she didn't have any known illnesses, according to close family sources. On March 14, 2017, Sledge's cause of death was ruled "natural causes".

## References
Klaib Al-Fawwaz

**Klaib Saud Al-Fawwaz** (15 October 1950 – 8 January 2017) was a Jordanian diplomat and senator. He served as State Minister for Cabinet Affairs from 2011 through 2012 and Secretary General of the Eslah Political Party from 2012 until his death in 2017.

Al-Fawwaz was born in Sabha, Jordan. He studied at the University of Jordan. 

Al-Fawwaz served in Jordan's diplomatic missions around the world for over 30 years. He worked at the Jordanian embassy in New Delhi from 1979 through 1983, the Permanent Mission of Jordan to the United Nations in New York from 1984 through 1988 and the embassies in Baghdad from 1991 through 1995 and Uzbekistan from 1997 through 1999. 

Al-Fawwaz also served as Jordan's Consul General to Dubai and Northern Emirates from 1999 through 2003, after which he became a senator serving from 2003 through 2005.

Al-Fawwaz died on 8 January 2017 in Amman, Jordan from a heart attack, aged 66.

## References
Pascal Smet

**Pascal Smet** (born July 7, 1967 in Beveren) is a Belgian politician. He is a member of sp.a.

Smet studied law at the University of Antwerp.

He was a minister of the Brussels-Capital Region and of Flanders. He has also been an alderman of the city of Brussels since 2006.

Smet is openly gay.

## References 
* Pascal Smet's Website
Li Li-hua

**Li Li-Hua** (also known as **Li Hua Li**, **Li Lihua** and **Teresa Li** ; 17 July 1924 &ndash; 19 March 2017) was a Chinese Hong-Kong actress, better known as an actress from the Shaw Brothers Studio. 

In 1957, Li married Hong Kong actor and director Yan Jun (嚴俊). He died in 1980. 

Li Lihua was born on July 17, 1924 in Shanghai. 

Her first movie was *3 Smiles* (三笑) which was released in two parts in 1940. Her final movie was *New Dream of the Red Chamber* (新紅樓夢) in 1978 after which she retired and moved to the United States. She acted in over one hundred twenty movies during her 38 year career. In 1969 she was awarded the Golden Horse Best Actress award for *Storm over the Yangtze River* (揚子江風雲).

Li died in Hong Kong on 19 March 2017, aged 92.

## References
Chinu Modi

**Chinu Modi** (Gujarati: ચિનુ મોદી), also known by his pen name, **Irshad** (Gujarati: ઈર્શાદ) (30 September 1939 &ndash; 19 March 2017) was a Gujarati language poet, novelist, short story writer and critic from Gujarat, India. 

He taught many institutions and established himself as a poet and author. He was a recipient of several awards including Sahitya Akademi Award, Vali Gujarati Award and Narsinh Mehta Award.

Modi died on 19 March 2017 from multiple organ failure after suffering a heart attack in Ahmedabad, India, aged 77.

## References
Robert B. Silvers

**Robert Benjamin Silvers** (December 31, 1929 – March 20, 2017) was an American editor and essayist. He served as editor of *The New York Review of Books* from 1963 to 2017. Silvers was co-editor of the *Review* with Barbara Epstein for over 40 years until her death in 2006 and was the sole editor of the magazine after that until his own death.

Among other honors, he was a Chevalier of the French Légion d’honneur and a member of the French Ordre National du Mérite.

Silvers also edited or co-edited several essay anthologies, including *Writing in America* (1960); *A Middle East Reader: Selected Essays on the Middle East* (1991); *The First Anthology: Thirty Years of the New York Review* (1993); *Hidden Histories of Science* (1995); *India: A Mosaic* (2000); *Doing It: Five Performing Arts* (2001); *The Legacy of Isaiah Berlin* (2001); *Striking Terror* (2002); *The Company They Kept* (vol. 1, 2006; vol. 2, 2011); *The Consequences to Come: American Power After Bush* (2008); and  *The New York Review Abroad: Fifty Years of International Reportage* (2013).

Silvers died on March 20, 2017 at his home in New York City from complications of pneumonia, aged 87.

## References
Sybrand van Haersma Buma

**Sybrand van Haersma Buma**, often just called *Sybrand Buma*, (born July 30, 1965 in Workum) is a Dutch politician of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA). He has been mayor of Leeuwarden since August 2019.

He was a member of the Second Chamber from 2002, and also parliamentary leader from 2010 till 2019.

He studied law at the University of Groningen, and worked at the Council of State and as an assistant to the CDA parliamentary group before entering into politics.

He is a Protestant. Furthermore, he is a descendant of the patrician Frisian family of Buma and partly of Jewish descent (his maternal grandmother was Jewish).

Sybrand van Haersma Buma is the son of former mayor Bernhard van Haersma Buma (died in 2020).

## References 
*  Bio at Parlement.com
National parks of Ukraine

There are 49 **national parks** in Ukraine.

Ukraine's national parks are:
*Azov National Nature Park

*Azov-Syvash National Nature Park

*Carpathian National Nature Park

*Cheremosh National Nature Park

*Derman-Ostroh National Nature Park

*Desna-Starahuta National Nature Park

*Dniester Canyon National Nature Park

*Dzharylhak National Nature Park
*Halych National Nature Park
*Hetman National Nature Park
*Holosiivskyi National Nature Park
*Hutsulshchyna National Park
*Ichnya National Nature Park
*Karmelyukove Podillya
*Khotyn National Nature Park

*Lower Dniester National Nature Park

*Lower Polissia National Nature Park
*Lower Sula National Nature Park
*Meotyda National Nature Park
*Mezynsky National Nature Park
*National Nature Park Buzk's Gard
*National Nature Park Charming Harbor
*National Nature Park Dvorichansky
*National Nature Park Great Meadow
*National Nature Park Holy Mountains
*National Nature Park Homolsh Woods
*National Nature Park Ivory Coast of Sviatoslav

*National Nature Park Kremenets Mountains

*National Nature Park Northern Podillya
*National Nature Park Prypiat-Stokhid
*National Nature Park Skole Beskids
*National Nature Park Synevir
*National Nature Park Zalissya
*Nyzniodniprovsky National Nature Park
*Oleshky Sands National Nature Park
*Podilski Tovtry National Park
*Pyryatyn National Nature Park
*Shatsky National Natural Park

*Sloboda National Nature Park

*Synyohora National Nature Park

*Tsumanska Puscha National Nature Park

*Tuzly Lagoons National Nature Park

*Upper Pobozhia National Nature Park

*Uzhanian National Nature Park

*Verkhovyna National Nature Park

*Vyzhnytsia National Nature Park

*White Lake National Nature Park

*Yavorivskyi National Nature Park

*Zacharovany Krai National Nature Park
Flag of Ukraine

The official **Flag of Ukraine** is the flag of the European country, Ukraine. Adopted in 1991, It has two horizontal stripes, a blue one, and a yellow one. 

File:Volodymyr Zelensky and Nancy Pelosi during a Joint Meeting of Congress with flag of Ukraine signed by the defenders of Bakhmut (cropped).jpg|Nancy Pelosi unfolding a Ukrainian flag from the Battle of Bakhmut, at the end of Zelenskyy's speech in the United States Capitol, in December 2022
Alexander Pechtold

**Alexander Pechtold** (born December 16, 1965) is a former Dutch politician of Democrats 66 (D66). He was party chair from 2002 to 2005, and political leader from 2006 to 2018 (succeeded by Sigrid Kaag).

He was a member of the House of Representatives and also parliamentary leader from 2006 to 2018. Previously he was a minister in the Second Balkenende cabinet, mayor of Wageningen, and an alderman of Leiden.

Pechtold studied art history and archaeology at Leiden University, and worked as an auctioneer before entering into politics. Nowadays he is leading the central office for driving certificates.

Pechtold was born in Delft and grew up in Rhoon. He is non-religious and divorced.

## References 
*  Bio at Parlement.com
ARD-Infonacht

**ARD-Infonacht** (German for *ARD-Newsnight*) is Germany's only overnight all-news radio show. It broadcasts daily from NDR Info in Hamburg between 22:00 and 6:00. It started broadcasting on 1 April 2011 on MDR. It is carried by several all-news stations: BR24, hr-Info, SWR Aktuell, Inforadio, MDR Aktuell, WDR5 and Antenne Saar.

The program's format consists of traffic and weather reports every 30 minutes and round-the-clock news from ARD worldwide correspondents.

The actual transfer time of each station is different, including:
* Inforadio: daily from 23:00 to 6:00.
* BR24: daily from 0:00 to 6:00.
* WDR5, MDR Aktuell, hr-Info and Antenne Saar: daily from 23:00 to 6:00.
* SWR Aktuell: weekdays from 23:00 to 6:00 (weekends are until 8:00).
Emile Roemer

**Emile Gerardus Maria Roemer** (born August 24, 1962 in Boxmeer) is a Dutch politician of the Socialist Party (SP). He was political and parliamentary leader from March 5, 2010 until December 13, 2017. His successor is Lilian Marijnissen.

He was a member of the Second Chamber from 2006 to 2018. Previously he was an alderman of Boxmeer, and a member of the party board.

He was acting mayor of Heerlen from 2018 until 2020, and acting mayor of Alkmaar from 2020 until 2021. He has been King's Commissioner of Limburg since December 1, 2021.

Roemer is a former school teacher.

## References 
* Bio at Parlement.com
Jesse Klaver

**Jesse Feras Klaver** (born May 1, 1986 in Roosendaal) is a Dutch politician of GreenLeft (GL). He has been political leader since 2015.

He has been a member of the Second Chamber since 2010 and parliamentary leader since 2015. Previously he was chair of CNV Youth and a member of the Social-Economic Council.

Klaver is partly of Moroccan and Indonesian descent.

## References 
*  Bio at Parlement.com

## Other websites 
* Bio at the House of Representatives of The Netherlands
Ontological argument

The **ontological argument** is an idea in religious philosophy. It is supposed to show that God exists.

There are different versions, but they all argue something like: because we can imagine a perfect being, there must be a god. The idea is that existing makes a good thing better than one that's only imaginary. So the perfect thing we're imagining must exist. Then we call the perfect thing God. The earliest objection was that an argument like that could prove wrong things. You could prove that a perfect island must exist, for example. But no real island is perfect.

Because it starts with imagination, not what you can see or experience, this is a kind of *a priori* reasoning. David Hume didn't like that way of thinking. He believed that knowledge had to come from experience and called everything else "nothing but sophistry and illusion".

Other versions of the argument start with the idea of the universe, and from that argue that there must be a god.

## References
Lodewijk Asscher

**Lodewijk Frans Asscher** (born September 27, 1974 in Amsterdam) is a Dutch politician of the Labour Party (PvdA). He was political leader from December 2016 and also parliamentary leader from March 2017 until January 2021. He was succeeded by Lilianne Ploumen.

## Career 
Asscher was a government minister and also deputy prime minister in the Second Rutte cabinet from 2012 to 2017. Previously he was an alderman of Amsterdam. As an alderman he was fighting sexual slavery and criminal companies.

He studied law at the University of Amsterdam (including a PhD) and is a former academic at the same university. He is partly of Jewish descent (his father is Jewish). He adheres Reform Judaism.

Lodewijk Asscher is married with three children.

## References 
*  Bio at Parlement.com
André Jagendorf

**André Tridon Jagendorf** (October 21, 1926 &ndash; March 13, 2017) was an American plant biologist and educator. He was a Liberty Hyde Bailey Professor Emeritus in the Section of Plant Biology at Cornell University. He was known for providing direct evidence that chloroplasts synthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP) using the chemiosmotic mechanism proposed by Peter Mitchell.

Jagendorf was born in New York City on October 21, 1926. He studied at Cornell University, at Yale University and at the University of California, Los Angeles. Jagendorf died in Ithaca, New York from a heart attack on March 13, 2017, aged 90.

## References
## Other websites
*Obituary in Ithaca Journal
*Obituary at Legacy.com
Gale Sayers

**Gale Eugene Sayers** (May 30, 1943 &ndash; September 23, 2020), nicknamed the "**Kansas Comet**", was an American football player. He earned fame both as a halfback and return specialist in the National Football League (NFL). 

In a brief but highly productive NFL career, Sayers spent seven seasons with the Chicago Bears from 1965 to 1971, though multiple injuries effectively limited him to five seasons of play. 

Prior to joining the Bears, he played college football for the Kansas Jayhawks football team of the University of Kansas, where he compiled 4,020 all-purpose yards over three seasons and was twice recognized as a consensus All-American. 

Sayers was born in Wichita, Kansas. He was raised in Omaha, Nebraska. He studied at the University of Kansas. 

In 2012, Sayers was diagnosed with dementia after suffering multiple concussions during his football career.

Sayers died from problems caused by dementia on September 23, 2020 in Wakarusa, Indiana at the age of 77.

## References
## Other websites
* Sayers Technology, LLC – Sayers-owned technology consulting firm
Len Mitzel

**Leonard Mitzel** (1945 &ndash; March 19, 2017) was a Canadian politician. He was a former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta representing the constituency of Cypress-Medicine Hat as a Progressive Conservative serving from November 22, 2004 through April 23, 2012.

Mitzel was born in Lethbridge, Alberta in 1945. He and his wife, June Cole Mitzel, lived in Etzikom, Alberta. They had two children. Mitzel died on March 19, 2017 in Medicine Hat, Alberta from pancreatic cancer, aged 71.

## References
Chandler Robbins

**Chandler Seymour Robbins** (July 17, 1918 – March 20, 2017) was an American ornithologist. He was known for his works to the field include co-authorship of an influential field guide to birds, as well as organizing the North American Breeding Bird Survey. 

Robbins was born in Belmont, Massachusetts. He was raised in Washington, D.C.. He studied at Harvard University and at George Washington University. Robbins died at his home in Laurel, Maryland on March 20, 2017 from respiratory failure, aged 98.

## References
## Other websites
*North American Breeding Bird Survey
*Ken Emerson, "Seen Any Warblers Lately", *New York Times Magazine*, 2 September 1990.
*Chandler Robbins—A Partial List of Publications, 1945–2005.
*Chandler Robbins, video interview with Sam Droege, on the bird migration card program
*Frances C. James, The Overall Contributions of Chandler S. Robbins to Ornithology and Bird Conservation in the Americas
Labour Party (Netherlands)

The **Labour Party**, Dutch: *Partij van de Arbeid* (shortened *PvdA*), is a Dutch political party.

The Labour Party is a social democratic party.

It was established in 1946 from a merger of the Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP), the Free-thinking Democratic League (VDB), and the Christian Democratic Union (CDU).

Number of seats in the 2023 elections: 25 (together with GreenLeft).

## Political leaders 
* Willem Drees - 1946-1958
* Jaap Burger - 1958-1962
* Anne Vondeling - 1962-1966
* Joop den Uyl - 1966-1986
* Wim Kok - 1986-2001
* Ad Melkert - 2001-2002
* Wouter Bos - 2002-2010
* Job Cohen - 2010-2012
* Diederik Samsom - 2012-2016
* Lodewijk Asscher - 2016-2021
* Lilianne Ploumen - 2021-2022
* Attje Kuiken - 2022-2023
* Frans Timmermans - 2023-

## Other websites 
* Website of the Labour Party
Gas operation (firearms)

**Gas-operation** is a system of operation used to provide energy to operate autoloading firearms. In gas operation, a portion of high-pressure gas from the cartridge being fired is used to power a mechanism to extract the spent case and insert a new cartridge into the chamber. Energy from the gas is harnessed through either a port in the barrel or a trap at the muzzle. This high-pressure gas impinges on a surface such as a piston head to provide motion for unlocking of the action, extraction of the spent case, ejection, cocking of the hammer or striker,  of a fresh cartridge, and locking of the action.

## Long stroke 
The AK-47 is the most-produced rifle using long stroke gas operation.

## Short stroke 
Used in the AR-18.

## Direct impingement 
Direct impingement is a form of gas operation that does away with the piston completely. The bolt is designed in such a way so that the gas acts directly upon the bolt (hence the name) to cycle the action. Used in the AR-15.

## Fluted chamber direct impingement 
Another form of direct impingement using a fluted chamber instead of a gas port. With this operation, the gas circumvents around the chambered cartridge through the grooves of the fluted chamber surpassing through the locking lugs to the front of the bolt carrier that operates as a gas piston unlocking the bolt to cycle the weapons operation.

## Floating chamber 
Early machine guns were expensive to operate. The United States Army wanted to train machine gun crews with less-expensive ammunition. To do this, they needed the .22 LR cartridge to operate firearms designed to use the .30-06 cartridge. David Marshall Williams invented a method that involved a separate floating chamber that acted as a gas piston with combustion gas impinging directly on the front of the floating chamber. The .22 caliber Colt Service Ace conversion kit for the .45 caliber M1911 pistol also used Williams' system, which allows a much heavier slide than other conversions operating on the unaugmented blowback mechanism and makes training with the converted pistol realistic. A floating chamber provides additional force to operate the heavier slide, providing a felt recoil level similar to that of a full power cartridge.

## Gas delayed blowback 
The bolt is not locked but is pushed rearward by the expanding propellant gases as in other blowback-based designs. However, propellant gases are vented from the barrel into a cylinder with a piston that delays the opening of the bolt. It is used by Volkssturmgewehr 1-5 rifle, the Heckler & Koch P7, Steyr GB and Walther CCP pistols.

## Other websites
*Fluted Chamber Direct Impingement
Henri Emmanuelli

**Henri Emmanuelli** (31 May 1945 &ndash; 21 March 2017) was a French socialist politician.

Emmanuelli was a member of the French Socialist Party. He has been deputy for Landes from 1978 to 1981, from 1986 to 1997 and from 2000 until his death in 2017. He served as President of the French National Assembly from 22 January 1992 through 1 April 1993. He later served as First Secretary of the French Socialist Party from 19 June 1994 through 14 October 1995.

Emmanuelli was a strong supporter of French president François Mitterrand during his political career despite being a Socialist.

Emmanuelli was born in Eaux-Bonnes, Pyrénées-Atlantiques. He studied at Sciences Po in Paris. He joined in 1969 the Compagnie Financière Edmond de Rothschild.

Emmanuelli died on 21 March 2017 at a medical center in Bayonne, Pyrénées-Atlantiques from complications of acute bronchitis at the age of 71.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
USAS-12

The **USAS-12** (Universal Sports Automatic Shotgun 12-gauge) is a fully automatic gas operated shotgun made by the South Korean-based company Daewoo.

The USAS-12 is a gas-operated, select-fire weapon which is designed to provide sustained firepower in close quarter combat scenarios. It accepts detachable 10-round box magazines or 20-round drum magazines. Both types of magazine are made of polymer, and drum magazines have their rear side made from translucent polymer to tell of the number of shot shells left. It has an effective range of 40 m.

## Other websites
* Modern Firearms 
* Patent
* &nbsp;— disassembly video
Edith Thompson and Frederick Bywaters

**Edith Jessie Thompson** (25 December 1893 &ndash; 9 January 1923) and **Frederick Edward Francis Bywaters** (27 June 1902 &ndash; 9 January 1923) were a British couple executed for the murder of Thompson's husband Percy. Their case became a *cause célèbre*.
Autoroute Info

**Autoroute Info** is a radio station in France serving central-eastern and Rhône-Alpes motorways, broadcasting in 107.7 MHz since 10/1991. It serves the entire APRR, AREA, ATMB, SFTRF, Adelac and some of Granoble with 2.500km of motorways. It has two studios: Dijon and Chambéry.

The station has 100 staff, with 27 permanent journalists, including 11 work on the air.

## Programming 
Autoroute Info is LIVE 24/7.

Every quarter-hour, a traffic round-up is broadcast, featuring latest conditions, updated continuously, with the possibility to break its programming to alert listeners about an accident, or a severe weather event.

In the rest of the schedule, Autoroute Info broadcasts some short segments related to listeners (like sports, highways, safety, tourism,...) and a very unique music playlist (300 songs per day). The station also carries news flash at :15 and :45 every hour from the country's all news station France Info.
Fleur Agema

**Marie-Fleur "Fleur" Agema** (born 16 September 1976 in Purmerend) is a Dutch politician of the Party for Freedom (PVV).

She has been a member of the Second Chamber since 2006 (with an interruption in 2015).

From 2003 to 2007 she was a member of the Provincial States of North Holland for the Pim Fortuyn List (LPF) and the Agema Group.

## References 
*  Bio at Parlement.com
Marianne Thieme

**Marianne Louise Thieme** (born March 6, 1972 in Ede) is a Dutch animal rights activist and writer, and also a former politician of the Party for the Animals (PvdD). She is co-founder of the party, and was political leader from 2002 till 2019.

She was a member of the Second Chamber and also parliamentary leader from 2006 till 2019. Previously she was party chair from 2002 to 2010.

Esther Ouwehand has succeeded her as party and parliamentary leader.

Thieme studied law at Erasmus University Rotterdam. She is a member of the Seventh-day Adventist Church and a vegan.

## References 
*  Bio at Parlement.com
Holinshed's Chronicles

'''''Holinshed's Chronicles***, also known as ***Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland''''', is a collaborative work published in several volumes and two editions, the first in 1577, and the second in 1587. It was a large, comprehensive description of British History

In 1548 Reginald Wolfe, a London printer, conceived the idea of creating a "Universal Cosmography of the whole world, and there with also certain particular histories of every known nation." He wanted the work to be printed in English and he wanted maps and illustrations in the book as well.
Gert-Jan Segers

**Gert-Jan Maarten Segers** (born 9 July 1969 in Lisse) is a Dutch writer and politician of the ChristianUnion (CU). He was political leader from 2015 to 2023.

He was a member of the Second Chamber from 2012 to 2023 and a parliamentary leader since 2015.

Segers studied political science at Leiden University. He worked as an assistant to the RPF  parliamentary group and briefly as a radio journalist at the Dutch Evangelical Broadcasting (EO). Successively he was a missionary in Egypt for seven years, whereafter he obtained a masters in Western-Islam relations and the Middle East at the Johns Hopkins University. Afterwards he headed the scientific institute of the ChristianUnion.

Segers has written several novels and non-fiction books, and is also a columnist of the Dutch Protestant newspaper Nederlands Dagblad.

He is a Reformed Christian.

## References 
*  Bio at Parlement.com

## Other websites 
* Bio at the House of Representatives of The Netherlands
Sven-Erik Magnusson

**Knut Sven-Erik Magnusson** (13 October 1942 – 22 March 2017) was a Swedish singer and musician. He was known for being the lead singer of the danceband Sven-Ingvars. The band had its last tour during the summer of 2016 with their last show on 21 August in Blekinge. He was born in Slottsbron, Sweden.

Magnusson died on 22 March 2017 of prostate cancer in Karlstad, Sweden, aged 74.

## References
## Other websites
August Englas

]]
**August Englas** (; January 15, 1925 – March 21, 2017) was an Estonian wrestler. He competed for the Soviet Union.

Englas was born in Otepää. 

In the 1952 Summer Olympics, after defeating Adil Atan, Shirang Vithoba Jadav and Max Leichter, and losing against Henry Wittenberg and Viking Palm, he took fourth place. He won the gold medal at the 1953 and 1954 World Championship.

Englas died on March 21, 2017 in Tallinn at the age of 92.

## References
Pete Hamilton

**Peter "Pete" Hamilton** (July 20, 1942 &ndash; March 21, 2017) was an American NASCAR racer. He was born in Dedham, Massachusetts. He won four times in his career (including the 1970 Daytona 500), three times driving for Petty Enterprises.

Hamilton died in Boston, Massachusetts on March 21, 2017, aged 74.

## References
## Other websites
*"2 Minutes With.." Interview Video
Dallas Green (baseball)

**George Dallas Green** (August 4, 1934 &ndash; March 22, 2017) was an American pitcher, manager, and executive in Major League Baseball. 

After playing for the Philadelphia Phillies and two other teams (Washington Senators and the New York Mets), he went on to manage the Phillies, the New York Yankees, and the New York Mets. He managed the Phillies when they won their first World Series title in 1980 over the Kansas City Royals. 

Green had a losing record both as a pitcher and as a manager. Nonetheless, in 1983, he was inducted into the Delaware Sports Museum and Hall of Fame. 

Green was born in Newport, Delaware. He studied at the University of Delaware. Green died at a hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on March 22, 2017 from kidney failure and pneumonia, aged 82.

## References
## Other websites
*
*Career Bio  at BaseballLibrary.com
Lembit Ulfsak

**Lembit Ulfsak** (4 July 1947 &ndash; 22 March 2017) was an Estonian stage and movie actor.

Ulfsak starred in the 2014 movie *Tangerines*. He was nominated for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 87th Academy Awards. It was also among the five nominated movie at the 72nd Golden Globe Awards for best foreign language movie.

Ulfsak died on 22 March 2017 in Tallinn at the age of 69.

## References
## Other websites
*
Morgana King

**Morgana King** (June 4, 1930 &ndash; March 22, 2018) was an American jazz singer and actress. Her best known role was that of Carmela Corleone in *The Godfather* (1972) and *The Godfather Part II* (1974).

King was born in Pleasantville, New York. She was raised in New York City. King died, aged 87, of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Palm Springs, California, on March 22, 2018.

## References
## Other websites
* Morgana King at Verve Records
* 
* Morgana King at Billboard.com
* Morgana King at Last.fm
Amyloidosis

**Amyloidosis** is a rare and serious disease that causes abnormal proteins to build up in the body's tissues. Amyloidosis can be fatal. 

In "local amyloidosis," amyloid deposits build up in just one part of the body, or in a single organ system. In "systemic amyloidosis," the deposits build up in organs and tissues throughout the body.

Because amyloidosis can affect different parts of the body, it can cause many different symptoms. It can be challenging to confirm that amyloid fibrils are in the body's tissues, which can delay diagnosis.

## Types 
There are many different types of amyloidosis. Each is caused by the formation of amyloid fibrils. However, these fibrils develop from different types of proteins in different patients. About 30 different proteins are known to form amyloid fibrils in humans. Amyloidosis is named and classified according to which protein is causing a person's amyloid fibrils.  

Though this disease is rare, many famous people have died from amyloidosis, including Martin McGuinness, David Lange, Robert Jordan Robert P. Casey and Pervez Musharraf.

## References
## Other websites
* National Press Club Luncheon with Michael York, August 2016. Michael York who has amyloidosis, speaks from 4:00-60:00
Al D'Amato

'''Alfonse Marcello "Al" D'Amato''' (born August 1, 1937) is an American lawyer and former New York politician. He was a Republican. He served as United States Senator from New York from 1981 to 1999. He later founded a lobbying firm, Park Strategies.

Since he left office in 1999, New York has not elected another Republican to the U.S. Senate.

## References
Henk Krol

**Henricus Cornelis Maria "Henk" Krol** (born 1 April 1950 in Tilburg) is a former Dutch journalist, businessman, and politician of 50PLUS (50+), the Party for the Future (PvdT), and the Henk Krol List (HKL). He was political leader of 50+ from 2012 to 2020 (succeeded by Liane den Haan). He is gay and an LGBT rights activist.

He was a member and parliamentary leader of the Second Chamber from 2012 to 2013, and from 2014 to 2021. Previously he was a member of the Provincial States of North Brabant and councillor of the municipality of Eindhoven.

Krol studied psychology at the Free University Amsterdam. He was spokesman of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) parliamentary group from 1978 to 1985. Meanwhile, in 1979, he founded the LGBT newspaper Gay Krant, for which he also worked as a journalist.

He was also owner of the Best Publishing Group (publishing company of the Gay Krant) and online sex shop Gaytel, which went bankrupt in 2013.

## References 
*  Bio at Parlement.com
Alia Bhatt

**Alia Bhatt** (; born 15 March 1993) is a British actress who mainly works in Bollywood movies. She first acted as a child in *Sangharsh* (1999). Her first main role was in the romantic comedy-drama *Student of the Year* (2012), which got her a Filmfare nomination for Best Female Debut. After that, Alia acted in many hit movies and was praised for her acting in *Highway* (2014), *Udta Punjab* (2016), and *Raazi* (2018).

In addition to acting in films, Bhatt supports many brands and products. She also performs at stage and award shows. She has sung several songs in her movies as a playback singer. She is married to actor Ranbir Kapoor, and they have a daughter together.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Kees van der Staaij

**Cornelis Gerrit "Kees" van der Staaij** (born 12 September 1968 in Vlaardingen) is a Dutch politician of the Reformed Political Party (SGP). He was a political leader from 2010 until 2023.

## Education and career 
He was a member of the Second Chamber from 1998 until 2023.

Van der Staaij studied law at Leiden University and worked at the Council of State.

He has written some books on the Christian faith and politics. He is a Reformed Christian, and a strong supporter of Biblical values.

## References 
*  Bio at Parlement.com

## Other websites 
* Bio at the House of Representatives of The Netherlands
Sara Li

**Sara Li** (born *Sara Linnea Larsson*; 30 March 1988 in Ystad) is a Swedish singer. Sara Li was a member of the popgroup  Sheelah (originally known as Caracola) from 2009 to 2010, and she participated in Melodifestivalen in the year of 2012 along with Björn Ranelid with the song "Mirakel". They reached the final of Melodifestivalen from the semifinal which took place on 12 February 2012 in leksand, the semifinal was broadcast on Sveriges Television. In the final in Globen Arena their song placed 10th receiving the sixth highest televote result. The same year she participated in television singing show Så ska det låta, teaming up with singer Patrik Isaksson.

In October 2016 Sara Li gave birth to a baby girl called Meia.

## References 
## Other sources 
* Official website
Ronnie Moran

**Ronnie Moran** (28 February 1934 – 22 March 2017) was an English footballer and manager. He played for Liverpool as a left back between 1952 and 1968. He was a member of Liverpool's coaching staff and Anfield's "Boot Room". He later managed the club as a caretaker during the early 1990s. He retired in 1998, winning over forty trophies with the Reds. 

Moran was born in Liverpool. He had a son, Paul. A book, *Mr Liverpool*, about Moran's life was released in 2017.

Moran was diagnosed with vascular dementia in 2012. He died on 22 March 2017 in Southport, at the age of 83.

## References
## Other websites
* Ronnie Moran at LiverpoolFC.com
Tunahan Kuzu

**Tunahan Kuzu** (born 1 June 1981 in Istanbul) is a Dutch politician of the DENK party. He was political leader from 2015 to 2020 (succeeded by Farid Azarkan).

He has been a member of the Second Chamber since 2012 and was also parliamentary group leader from 2014 to 2020. Previously he was a councillor of the municipality of Rotterdam.

Kuzu was a member of the Labour Party but left the party in 2014, together with fellow parliamentarian Selçuk Öztürk. Both founded the political party of DENK in 2015. By creating this party they wanted to support the interests of non-Western citizens.

He studied public administration at Erasmus University Rotterdam and worked as a health care specialist at the consulting firm of PricewaterhouseCoopers.

He is a Muslim and of Turkish descent.

## References 
*  Bio at Parlement.com
Thierry Baudet

**Thierry Henri Philippe Baudet** (born January 28, 1983 in Heemstede) is a Dutch political activist and a politician of the Forum for Democracy (FVD). He has been a member of the House of Representatives since 2017.

He has been a member of the Second Chamber and parliamentary leader since 2017. Previously he was party chair.

Baudet studied law and history at the University of Amsterdam. He got his PhD at Leiden University and worked at the same university. He also had a column in Dutch newspaper NRC Handelsblad.

He is very negative about the European Union and has written several books on this topic.

Baudet with his Forum for Democracy was one of the people behind the referendum against a treaty of the European Union with Ukraine in 2016. Although the majority of the voters were against this treaty, the referendum had no results in the end.

He is partly of Walloon descent.

## References 
*  Bio at Parlement.com

## Other websites 
* Bio at the House of Representatives of The Netherlands
Joop den Uyl

**Johannes Marten "Joop" den Uyl**  (born August 9, 1919 in Hilversum - December 24, 1987 in Amsterdam)  was a Dutch politician of the Labour Party (PvdA).

Den Uyl was Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 1973 to 1977, the so-called Den Uyl cabinet.

He was als a member of the Second Chamber, an alderman of Amsterdam, and a government minister.

He studied economics at the University of Amsterdam.

Although raised a Reformed Christian, he turned agnostic.

Den Uyl died of a brain tumor, aged 68.

## References 
*  Bio at Parlement.com