Crime in Russia

**Crime in Russia** has many different types. Organized crimes include drug trafficking, money laundering, human trafficking, extortion, murder for hire,  and fraud. Many criminal operations take part in corruption, black marketeering, terrorism and abduction. Other forms of crime done by criminal groups are arms trafficking, export of contraband oil and metals, and smuggling of radioactive materials. Crime rate in Russia sharply increased since the late 1980s. The fall of communism in Eastern Europe had tremendous influence on the political economy of organized crime. Approximately 8,000 criminal groups are in the country.

## Overview
### Drugs 
Drug trafficking and illegal drug use is a big problem in the nation. The disintegration of the Soviet Union, the civil war in Afghanistan, the civil war in Tajikistan, and the conflicts in the North Caucasus have made the favorable conditions for the development of illegal drug trade. But measures have been taken to fight drug trafficking. Russia is a party of the 1988 United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances. In March 2003, Russian President Vladimir Putin established the Russian State Committee for Control over the    
Illegal Trafficking of Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances for combating drug trafficking with more coordinated manner.

### Sexual and labor trafficking 
Russia is a supply, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children being trafficked for various purposes. The trafficking is multidimensional and it involves both commercial sexual exploitation and labor exploitation.

### Illegal sale of weapons 
Arms trafficking in Russia stemmed from corruption in the armed forces and the illegal sale of military equipments.

### Poaching 
Poaching is now a major problem in the country. The main cause for poaching in Russia is the consequence of the social and political changes since the collapse of the Soviet Union. State-controlled farms stopped functioning due to the fall of the previous system resulting in high unemployment. Approximately 50,000 cases of poaching are registered annually in Russia.
## Reasons for crime 
Between 1992 and 1996, law enforcement agencies in Russia mainly focused on drug trafficking, arms trafficking, money laundering and     
the First Chechen War, and environmental crimes like poaching and illegal timber smuggling were generally not treated as national security issues. During the post-perestroika transition, the government agencies for environment and wildlife protection experienced severe budget cuts The collapse of communism in the country had significant influence on the average Russian's economic ability to maintain his or her family. In 1998, a total of 24,537,600 crimes happened in United States, while in Russia a total of 2,581,940 crimes were recorded. In 1999, the number was 23,677,800 and 3,001,748 respectively. Total recorded rapes in the United States was 93,140 and 89,110 for the years 1998 and 1999, while this number was 7,724 and 7,314 respectively for Russia. 

Following is a comparison of various crimes per 1000 people from 1998 to 2000:

## Notes
## References
*EU Presses Russia on Human Trafficking
*Russian Organized Crime
*Russian Organized Crime in the United States 

## Further reading
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