open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Florida Bay

]]

**Florida Bay** is the large shallow lagoon between the southern end of the Florida mainland (the Florida Everglades) and the Florida Keys, a long series of small islands. The Bay is significant for its ecology of sea grass and the organisms that live there.

Nearly all of Florida Bay is included in Everglades National Park. The southern edge, along the Florida Keys is in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Outside the Bay is the northern part of the Keys, and outside them is the Florida Reef, the only barrier coral reef in North America.

## Ecology 
### Flora and fauna 
The Bay has the largest known seagrass bed in the world. Sea grass beds contain many species from various phyla. Seagrass herbivory is important in the food chain, and eaten by a number of animals, some of them rare. Species that feed on sea grass include green turtles, dugongs, manatees, fish, geese, sea urchins and crabs. The mangrove swamps in the shallow areas are also quite extensive.

### Carbonate production 
Florida Bay is a model for the conditions which produced limestones on many of the continental shelves of the world. It is a kind of carbonate 'factory'.p144

In the Florida Bay a type of flowering plant called sea grass is in abundance. Also in abundance is white, milky water full of calcium carbonate. This is mainly formed by *Melobesia*, a small red alga which lives on the sea grass.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Cape Breton Regional Municipality

**Cape Breton Regional Municipality** often shortened to simply **CBRM**, is a regional municipality in Nova Scotia's Cape Breton County.

## References
Eric Sykes

**Eric Sykes** CBE (4 May 1923 – 4 July 2012) was a British actor, comedian, scriptwriter and director. He was born in Oldham, Lancashire. 

Sykes worked mostly in film and television. He and Hattie Jacques starred in *Sykes and A...* (1960-65), *Sykes and a Big, Big Show* (1971) and *Sykes* (1972-79). In 2005, he played Frank Bryce in *Harry Potter and The Goblet of Fire*.

He died of sort of cancer, he was 89 on 4th July 2012. He was, life and work, on the 3 TV Sky News, BBC and ITV News.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Andrew Garfield

**Andrew Russell Garfield** (born August 20, 1983) is an English-American actor and producer. He is best known for his role as Peter Parker/Spider-Man in the 2012 movie *The Amazing Spider-Man*, and its 2014 sequel *The Amazing Spider-Man 2*. He also played an Alternate universe version of Peter Parker in Spider-Man: No Way Home.  

Garfield was born in Los Angeles, California and was raised in Epsom, Surrey. He began his career on the UK stage.

In 2018, he won a Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play for his role as Prior Walter in *Angels in America*. In 2022, he won a Golden Globe Award for his role as Jonathan Larson in *Tick, Tick... Boom!*.

## Other websites 
*
Region of Queens Municipality

The **Region of Queens Municipality** is a Canadian regional municipality located in southwestern Nova Scotia.

## References
Coddenham

**Coddenham** is a village and civil parish in Mid Suffolk, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 521 people living in Coddenham.

## References
Otley

**Otley** is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 665 people living in Otley. It is the birthplace of the English actor, Julian Sands.

## References
Cardiff Central railway station

**Cardiff Central railway station** is a main train station in Cardiff, the capital city of Wales. It is on the South Wales Main Line.

It is the 11th busiest station in the United Kingdom, except for stations in London.

The station is managed by Transport for Wales. Arriva run services along with First Great Western and CrossCountry.

The station has a first class area, the only one in Wales.

It opened as **Cardiff**, then **Cardiff General** in July 1924 and **Cardiff Central** in May 1973 to now.

## References
Nokrek National Park

**Nokrek National Park** is an Indian national park in the West Garo Hills district of Meghalaya near the border with Bangladesh. 

In 2009, UNESCO added Nokrek to its list of Biosphere Reserves.

## References
## Other websites 
* India Wildlife Resorts -  National Park
* Exotique Expeditions - Nokrek National Park 
* WebIndia123 - National parks of Meghalaya
Saxmundham

**Saxmundham** is a town and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 2712 people living in Saxmundham.In 2011 the population was estimated by Suffolk County Council to be 3760.

**Schools**

There are two schools in Saxmundham: *Saxmundham Primary School* and *Saxmundham Free School.*

## References
Thorrington

**Thorrington** is a village and civil parish in Tendring, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 1063 people living in Thorrington.

## References 
## Other websites 
* http://www.essexinfo.net/thorringtonparishcouncil/
Dunwich

**Dunwich** is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 84 people living in Dunwich.

Dunwich was a large medieval town and port. For hundreds of years, the North Sea has destroyed the land on the coast. This process is called coastal erosion. Because of this, over 90% of the buildings have been lost.

## References
Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore

**Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore** () is a private university in Milan, Italy. It was started on December 7, 1921. 

The university has 14 specialized schools.

## Notable Alumni
*Romano Prodi

## Notes
## Other websites
Marks Tey

**Marks Tey** is a village and civil parish in Colchester borough, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 2566 people living in Marks Tey.

Marks Tey is a growing community on the A120 and right next to the A12 with a station with links to London. This means the village is favoured by commuters but has recently started developing within its own right.

## References
Silver End

**Silver End** is a small village in England. It is in Essex, between the towns of Braintree and Witham. It was started by Francis Henry Crittall, who wanted it to be a model village. Crittall started a factory in Silver End for his company, Crittall Windows Ltd. The factory made parts for metal windows.

In 2001, there were 3,861 people living in Silver End. 

## References
Syrian Desert

]]

The **Syrian Desert** () is a dry, flat land area in northern Saudi Arabia, eastern Jordan, southern Syria, and western Iraq.

## References 
## Other websites
Bristol Temple Meads railway station

**Bristol Temple Meads railway station** is a main line train station in Bristol, England.

The station has main trains to Paddington, Cardiff Central and the South Coast of England. There are also trains towards Taunton.

South Western Railway have services to London Waterloo. There are trains to Plymouth and Penzance, and to Birmingham, Manchester and Scotland. it has thirteen platforms 

## Future
In November 2012, Network Rail announced a £100 million redevelopment of the station, with two unused platforms to be opened up.

## References
Nullarbor Plain

system, formed by water running through the limestone. Murrawijinie means "bloody hands": the caves were used by indigenous people who left their ochre hand stencils on the cave walls]]

**Nullarbor Plain** (Latin: *nullus*, "no", and *arbor*, "tree") is an area of flat, dry land in southern Australia on the coastline of the Great Australian Bight.

It is the world's largest single piece of limestone, and occupies an area of about . At its widest point, it stretches about  from east to west between South Australia (SA) and Western Australia (WA). 

As to what causes these huge and distinctive limestone areas, no-one knows. Perhaps it is significant that one of the best-known area, the Yukatan, was in or near a hit by a huge meteorite. As much as 50% of the world's hydrocarbon reserves are in carbonate rock, and much of this is in porous karst systems.

## References 
## Further reading 
* Bolam, Anthony Gladstone, 1893–1966. *The trans-Australian wonderland*  Melbourne : Modern Printing, (many editions in the early 20th century)
* Edmonds, Jack  1976. *Nullarbor crossing: with panorama*  photographs by Brian Gordon. Perth. West Australian Newspapers, Periodicals Division. 

## Other websites 
* Nullarbor Net
* Information about crossing the Nullarbor
Yves Lambert

**Yves Lambert** (born 4 June 1936 in Nancy) is a French aerospace engineer. He was head of Eurocontrol from 1994 to 2000.

He was a graduate of the *École Polytechnique* (1956) and the French Civil Aviation University (1959). Lambert has had a career in civil aviation in Algeria and at the International Civil Aviation Organization. He returned to France to be an air navigation director until 1993.

In 1994, he was nominated head of Eurocontrol.  He had this position until 2000.

Yves Lambert is member of the ''Académie de l'air et de l'espace* and the Royal Aeronautical Society.

## Awards
* Officier of the Legion of Honour
* Commandeur of the *Ordre national du Mérite''
* Medal of Aeronautics

## Further reading
* Académie nationale de l'air et de l'espace and Lucien Robineau, *Les français du ciel, dictionnaire historique*, Le Cherche midi, June 2005, 782 p. (), p.&nbsp;304, *LAMBERT, Yves*

## References
André Franquin

**André Franquin** (3 January 1924 &ndash; 5 January 1997) was a Belgian comics artist.  His best known comic strip creations are *Gaston* and *Marsupilami*.  He made these when he worked on the *Spirou et Fantasio* comic strip from 1947 to 1969.  This time is seen by many as the series' golden age.

## Awards
* 1974: First Grand Prix de la ville d'Angoulême, France
* 1980: Adamson Award, Sweden
* 1985: Best Long Comic Strip at the Haxtur Awards, Spain, for *QRN sur Bretzelburg*
* 1987: Grand Prix for the Graphic Arts at the Angoulême International Comics Festival
* 1996: Special Prize for outstanding life’s work at the Max & Moritz Prizes in Erlangen, Germany
Edgar P. Jacobs

**Edgard Félix Pierre Jacobs** (30 March 1904 – 20 February 1987), better known under his pen name **Edgar P. Jacobs**, was a Belgian comic book writer and artist. Jacobs was one of the founding fathers of the European comics movement. He worked with Hergé on the graphic novel series that made him famous, *Blake and Mortimer*.

## Biography
Edgar Pierre Jacobs was born in Brussels in 1904. In 1919 he graduated from school. He took on odd jobs at the opera, including decoration, scenography, and painting. Sometimes he worked as an extra.

The American comic strip *Flash Gordon* was not allowed in Belgium by the German forces during World War II. He was asked to write an end to the comic. But German censorship stopped this after only a couple of weeks. Jacobs then published in *Bravo* his first comic strip, *Le Rayon U* (*The U Ray*). This was in the same *Flash Gordon* style.

## Bibliography
# *Le Rayon U* (*The U Ray*), in 1943
# ''Le Secret de l'Espadon* (*The Secret of the Swordfish*), in 1947 (3 volumes)
# *Le Mystère de la Grande Pyramide*, (*The Mystery of the Great Pyramid*), in 1950 (2 volumes)
# *La Marque Jaune* (*The Yellow "M"*), in 1953
# *L'Énigme de l'Atlantide*  (*Atlantis Mystery*), in 1955
# *S.O.S. Météores: Mortimer à Paris* (*S.O.S. Meteors*), in 1958
# *Le Piège diabolique* (*The Time Trap*) in 1960
# *L'Affaire du Collier* (*The Necklace Affair*) in 1965
# *Les trois Formules du Professeur Sato: Mortimer à Tokyo* (*Mortimer in Tokyo*) in 1970 (vol. 1). Vol. 2 *Mortimer contre Mortimer* (*Mortimer versus Mortimer*) completed by Bob De Moor, 1990

## Awards
* 1971: Grand Prix Saint-Michel, Belgium

## References
*Guyard, Jean-Marc. *Le Baryton du neuvième art*. Bruxelles: Éditions Blake et Mortimer, 1996. 
*Jacobs, Edgar P. *Un opéra de papier:  Les mémoires de Blake et Mortimer*. Paris: Gallimard, 1981. 
*Lenne, Gérard. *L'Affaire Jacobs*. Paris:  Megawave, 1990. 
*Mouchart, Benoit. *A l'ombre de la ligne claire: Jacques Van Melkebeke, le clandestin de la B.D.* Paris:  Vertige Graphic, 2002. 
*Mouchart, Benoît and Rivière, François *La Damnation d'Edgar P. Jacobs'', Seuil-Archimbaud, 2003. 
*Valentinitsch,Bernhard, Ein Sich-Lösen von und Brechen mit Traditionen - der Comic-Klassiker 'Blake und Mortimer', der 'Ketzer'-Pharao Echnaton und andere ägyptische 'Ketzer'. In: Denken und Glauben Nr. 201. Graz 2022, S. 22-24.
* Edgar P. Jacobs publications in Belgian *Tintin* and French *Tintin* BDoubliées
Willy Vandersteen

**Willy Vandersteen** (15 February 1913 – 28 August 1990) was a Belgian maker of comic books. In his life, he made a large studio and published more than 1,000 comic albums in over 25 series.  He sold more than 200 million copies worldwide. He is mainly popular in Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany. Hergé called him "The Brueghel of the comic strip". The creation of his own studio and the mass production and commercialization of his work turned him into "the Walt Disney of the Low Countries".

Vandersteen is best known for *Suske en Wiske* (published in English as *Spike and Suzy*, *Luke and Lucy*, *Willy and Wanda* or *Bob and Bobette*). In 2008 it sold 3.5 million books. His other major series are *De Rode Ridder* with over 200 albums and *Bessy* with almost 1,000 albums published in Germany.

## Awards and recognition
* 1959: Honorary citizen of the community Deurne near Antwerp
* 1977: Angoulême International Comics Festival prize for Best Foreign Author, France 
* 2007: Prestige award at the Prix Saint-Michel in Brussels
* Vandersteen is also honorary citizen of Kalmthout. A statue of Vandersteen is located on Willy Vandersteen Square.

According to UNESCO's Index Translationum, Vandersteen is the second most often translated Dutch language author, after Anne Frank.

## References
Sarah Hyland

**Sarah Jane Hyland** (born November 24 1990 in New York City) is an American television actress. She appears on the ABC sitcom *Modern Family*.

Hyland is the daughter of actors Melissa Canardo and Edward James Hyland. She is also the sister of actor Ian Hyland.

Hyland has been acting since she was five years old.  Her first role was as Howard Stern's daughter in *Private Parts*.

## Personal life 
In 2017, Hyland began a relationship with Wells Adams, a radio personality and former contestant on *The Bachelorette* and *Bachelor in Paradise*. In July 2019, the couple became engaged.

## References
## Other websites
*
Horta Museum

The **Horta Museum** is a museum dedicated to the life and work of the Belgian Art Nouveau architect Victor Horta and his time. The museum is in Horta's former house in the Brussels municipality of Saint-Gilles. There is a permanent display of furniture, utensils and art objects made by Horta and his contemporaries.  There are also documents related to his life and time. The museum organises temporary exhibitions on topics related to Horta and his art. The building is on the UNESCO World Heritage List.

## Gallery 

Image:St-Gilles (Horta) JPG03.jpg|Door bell
Image:Horta Museum.JPG|Spiral Staircase, Horta Museum

## Other websites
*www.hortamuseum.be
Ghent Altarpiece

The **Ghent Altarpiece** or ***Adoration of the Mystic Lamb*** ( or *The Lamb of God*; completed 1432) is a very large and complex Early Flemish polyptych panel painting.  It is one of Belgium's masterpieces and one of the world's treasures.

It was once in the *Joost Vijdt* chapel at Saint Bavo Cathedral, Ghent, Belgium.  Later it was moved to the chapel of the cathedral. It was commissioned by the rich merchant and financier Joost Vijdt for his and his wife's private chapel. 

The altarpiece has a total of 24 framed panels.  They make up two views, open and closed. The upper row of the opened view shows Christ the King between the Virgin Mary and John the Baptist. The insides of the wings show angels singing and making music.  On the outside is Adam and Eve. The lower row of the central panel shows the adoration of the Lamb of God. Several groups are in attendance and streaming in to worship, overseen by the dove who is the Holy Spirit. On weekdays the wings were closed.  This showed the Annunciation of Mary and donor portraits of Joost Vijdt and his wife Lysbette Borluut.

There used to be writing on the frame saying that Hubert van Eyck "greater than anyone" started the altarpiece, but that Jan van Eyck - calling himself "second best in the art" - finished it in 1432.  The original, very ornate carved outer frame and surround was destroyed during the Reformation.  There has been speculation that it may have had clockwork mechanisms for moving the shutters and even playing music.

The original lower left panel known as The Just Judges was stolen in 1934. The original panel has never been found.  It was replaced by a copy made in 1945 by Jef Vanderveken.  The stolen panel plays a big part in Albert Camus' novel *La chute*. In 2010 Dutch journalist Karl Hammer published "The secret of the sacred panel".  He describes the involvement of various religious groups, the Vatican and British intelligence services in their attempt to get back the lost panel.

When opened, the altarpiece measures .

## References
**
*
*

## Other websites
Saint-Gilles, Belgium

**Saint-Gilles** (in French) or **Sint-Gillis** (in Dutch) is one of the nineteen municipalities in the Brussels-Capital Region of Belgium.

In 1830, Brussels became the capital of newly founded Belgium.  As a result, the rural village of Saint-Gilles went through a big growth. The population went from 2,500 around 1800 to more than 33,000 in 1880 to a peak of 60,000 in 1910.

The pattern of the streets was completely remodeled in the 1860s by architect and urbanist Victor Besme.  These were the years when the Louise Avenue, the Brussels-South railway station, and the new Saint Giles church were built.  They were soon followed by the new jail and city hall.  Today, Saint-Gilles is one of the densest municipalities of the Brussels agglomeration.

## Sights
 house designed by Jules Brunfaut|250px]]

*Particular architectural delights are found in the dozen or more Art Nouveau houses designed by masters such as Horta, Struyvens, and Hankar. The house that Horta designed for himself, now the Horta Museum, is there, on Rue Americaine/Amerikaansestraat. Several of those houses have been recognized as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO in 2000.
*The imposing town hall, built between 1900 and 1904, looks larger than it is, and looks like a French château with Venetian overtones.
*The extant Gothic revival jail and the demolished Palais de la Monnaie/Munthof (mint) both date from the 1880s, while Saint Giles's church was built in 1867.
*There is not a lot of open space in the municipality, although the Forest park is on its western side.

## Politics
The local council usually has a socialist majority.  The mayor as of 2012 is Charles Picqué.  He is also Minister-President of the Brussels-Capital Region.

## Events
Saint-Gilles hosts:
* an annual open day for local artists, the *Parcours des Artistes*
* the annual festival of Brussels's Portuguese community
* an annual winegrowers' festival (*fête des vignerons*)

## Famous inhabitants
*Jef Lambeaux, sculptor (1852–1908)
*Victor Horta, Art Nouveau architect (1861–1947)
*Pierre Paulus, expressionist painter (1881–1959)
*Paul Delvaux, surrealist painter (1897–1994)
*Paul-Henri Spaak, politician and statesman (1899–1972)

## Sports
Saint Gilles has a football club called Royal Union Saint Gilloise.  They were successful until the 1930s.

## References 
*
Nintendo 3DS system software

**Nintendo 3DS system software** is software on the Nintendo 3DS video game console that can be updated. These updates, which are downloaded through the system's Internet connection, lets Nintendo add and take away features and software. Updates also have changes from  versions. The newest version of the system software, **11.17.0-50**, was released on December 21, 2018.

## Home Menu features, changes, and new applications
The Home Menu is a GUI like the Wii's "Wii Menu" and the DSi's "DSi Menu" which lets you use applications from Nintendo game cards, 3DS applications, or DSiWare applications. The menu has space to show 60 applications, though 260 spaces, for one application each, will show when space starts to run out. On the top screen, the menu shows information such as signal strength, step count, date, time, and battery life. With the home button, the user can go to the HOME menu, except for DS games or DSiWare, which won't let the player go there without quitting the game. From the home screen, the user can manage notes, check friend lists, change the , check , and if updated to the latest version, browse the internet, all without closing the current application. At the home menu, the user can also take photos with the 3D cameras by pressing the L or R buttons. To open another application, the one the player is using must be closed first. Like the DSi, game cards can be swapped while in the menu.

### List of all default applications
All the following applications come with the latest version of the firmware, with the system:

*    *Health and Safety Information*
*    *Nintendo 3DS Camera*
*    *Nintendo 3DS Sound*
*    *Mii Maker*
*    *StreetPass Mii Plaza*
*    *AR Games*
*    *Face Raiders*
*    *Activity Log*
*    *Nintendo 3DS Download Play*
*    *System Settings*
*    *Nintendo eShop*
*    *Nintendo Zone*

#### List of applications that allow multitasking
All the following applications let you do something else while they are open:

*    Game Notes
*    Friend List
*    Notifications
*    Internet Browser
*    Miiverse
*    DoomVerse
*    JesusVerse
*    Miibook
*    Miiverse 2
*    Miiverse 3
*    Miiverse 4

#### List of applications that need to be downloaded and used and played
All the following applications need to be downloaded from the **Nintendo eShop** first:

* Ambassador Certificate
* Swapnote
* Nintendo Video
* Pokedex 3D + Pro
* Pokémon Radar
*Nintendo 3DS 3OS dev menu
*Nintendo Dev Tool
*Nintendo Game Creation Tool
*Nintendo Unity

## 3DS system software versions table
The following is a list of all the versions of Nintendo 3DS firmware.

**a** This update came with the specified games and has a regular last number (0, 1, 2, 3...)

**b** Nintendo 3DS owners who performed the 2.1.0-4 system update prior to 11:59 p.m. Eastern time on Aug. 18, 2011, were automatically registered for the program.

## References
Moules-frites

**Moules-frites** is a popular dish with mussels and French fries.  It is mostly eaten in Belgium, and northern France.

"Moules" means mussels and "frites" means fries in French.

*Moules marinière is the basic fish dish of the Marseilles area in the south of France.

## References
Côte d'Or (brand)

'''Côte d'Or''' is a producer of Belgian chocolate, owned by Kraft Foods.

Côte d'Or was founded in 1883 by Charles Neuhaus. He was a chocolate manufacturer who used the name Côte d'Or  which was French for Gold Coast.  This is the old name of Ghana where most of the cacao beans used in chocolate manufacturing come from.

Côte d'Or was purchased by Jacobs Suchard in 1987. Jacobs Suchard in turn was purchased by Kraft General Foods in 1990.

Belgians eat 600 million Côte d'Or products a year. Every day, the Côte d'Or factory in Halle makes 1.3 million mignonnettes (small chocolate bars), and 2 million Chokotoffs (chocolate bonbons).

Currently Côte d’Or is sold in more than 20 countries, across 5 continents.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Côte d'Or Website
Guylian

**Guylian** () is a Belgian chocolate manufacturer founded by Guy Foubert in 1960. The company takes its name from the combination of Foubert's first name (Guy) with that of his wife, Liliane. Guylian is perhaps most famous for their chocolate Sea Shells praline with different fillings. Guylian has been the major sponsor of Project Seahorse since 1999.

In 2008 Lotte Confectionery from South Korea bought the company for $164 mln.

## Company icon
A seahorse is used as the company's icon.  It is worldwide protected by copyright. Its tail curls the other way around than real seahorses.

## Products
Guylian sells pralines in gift boxes, individually wrapped chocolates, chocolate bars, chocolate truffles and napolitains. Guylian is best known for its chocolate Sea Shells. Besides the original Guylian hazelnut praline, created by Guy Foubert in the 1960s, there are now other flavours available.

## Guylian chocolate egg breaks Guinness World Record
In March 2005, Guylian made a Guinness World Record.  They built the world's largest chocolate sculpture of an Easter egg.  This was on the market square in Sint-Niklaas (Belgium). 26 Guylian master chocolatiers worked continuously for eight days to make this giant chocolate egg. The sculpture measured 8.32 meters high and 6.39 meters wide.  It was made using 1,950 kilos of chocolate or about 50,000 chocolate Sea Shell Bars.

## References
## Other websites
*Guylian USA
*Guylian website worldwide
Neuhaus (chocolatier)

**Neuhaus** is a company that makes luxury Belgian chocolates, biscuits and ice cream. The company was founded in Brussels in 1857 by Jean Neuhaus.  Neuhaus was a Swiss immigrant who opened the first store in the Galeries Royales Saint-Hubert. In 1912, his grandson, Jean Neuhaus II, invented the chocolate bonbon or *praline*.

Today, Neuhaus has over 1,500 selling points in 50 countries. All Neuhaus products are still made in Vlezenbeek (Flemish Brabant). They are exported worldwide. In 2000, the company was named Accredited Supplier to the Belgian Crown.

## References
## Other websites
* Neuhaus website
Grundisburgh

**Grundisburgh** is a void and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 1472 people living in Grundisburgh. Now there is just 1 person!

## References
Leonidas (chocolate maker)

**Leonidas** Confiserie SA is a chocolate maker with an international presence, based in Belgium. Leonidas has over 1400 retail stores all over the world. The company's focus is pralines (chocolate shells with soft fillings, called *Belgian Chocolate* in English-speaking countries).  It also sells marzipan, solid chocolates, and other confections.  

The company is named after its Greek founder, Leonidas Kestekides.  He was a confectioner who moved from Anatolia to the United States in the late 19th century. The logo used on Leonidas chocolates shows a picture of the Greek warrior Leonidas, King of Sparta.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Leonidas Chocolates Serving the USA since 1991
* Leonidas USA website
Beijing National Day School

**Beijing National Day School** (BNDS) is a public secondary school in Beijing, China. It was established by the Central Military Committee in 1952. 

## School buildings
Covering , the school currently offers education to over 5,000 Chinese students in 100 classes from grades 7 to 12. Beijing National Day School is also authorized to enroll international students by the Beijing Municipal Education Committee, and so far has international students from different countries of the world including the Germany, South Korea, Japan, Mongolia, Hong Kong and the United States.
Praline

**Praline** is a confection made from nuts and sugar syrup.  They may be in whole pieces or a ground powder.  The powder is called "pralin". Belgian pralines are different.  They have a hard chocolate shell with a softer, sometimes liquid, filling. French pralines are a combination of almonds and caramelized sugar. American pralines have milk or cream.  They are therefore softer and creamier, like fudge.

## References
The Shard

**The Shard** (also referred to as the **Shard of Glass**, la si do do **Shard London Bridge** or the **London Bridge Tower**) is a high-rise building in Southwark, London. The Shard was built in July 2012. It is 310 metres (1,016 ft) high.  It was the tallest building in the European Union until late 2020, and 96th tallest in the world.  It is also the second-tallest free-standing structure in the United Kingdom, after the 330-metre (1,083 ft) concrete tower at the Emley Moor transmitting station.

The Shard replaced Southwark Towers, a 24-storey office building built on the site in 1975. Renzo Piano was the Shard's architect. Piano is best known for creating Paris’s Pompidou Centre in cooperation with Britain’s Richard Rogers. Piano worked with the architectural firm Broadway Malyan during the planning stage. The tower has 72 floors that can be used for offices, with a viewing gallery and open-air observation deck – the UK's highest – on the 72nd floor, at a height of 245 metres (804 ft). The Shard was designed with an irregular pyramidal shape from the bottom to the top, and is covered entirely in glass. Its structure was completed in April 2012. It opened to the public on 5 July 2012. 

The Shard was designed in 2000. That year, the London-based entrepreneur Irvine Sellar decided to redevelop Southwark Towers, a 1970s office block next to London Bridge station, and flew to Berlin in March 2000 to meet Piano for lunch. According to Sellar, the architect spoke of his contempt for tall buildings during the meal, before flipping over the restaurant’s menu and sketching an iceberg-like sculpture emerging from the River Thames. He got his ideas from the railway lines next to the site, the London spires in the paintings of 18th-century Venetian painter Canaletto, and the masts of sailing ships.

In April 2008, demolition of Southwark Towers was going on. Scaffolding and white sheeting covered the building. By October, Southwark Towers was much shorter and was no longer visible on the skyline. The building's demolition was completed in early 2009, and site preparation began for the construction of the Shard.

## Layout
Each floor of The Shard is used for a particular purpose. The majority of the building is used for accommodation and for offices. On the higher floors, they are reserved specifically for the purposes of taking views of the entire city, which takes advantage of how significantly tall the building is.

*Source: Shard London Bridge brochure, 2010*

## Sources
## Other websites
*
*
*The Shard Special  on *Estates Gazette*
Dardenne brothers

Brothers **Jean-Pierre Dardenne** (born 21 April 1951 in Liège, Belgium)  and **Luc Dardenne** (born 10 March 1954 in Liège, Belgium) are a Belgian movie making duo. They write, produce and direct their movies together.

The Dardennes began making narrative and documentary movies in the late 1970s.  They first came to international attention in the mid-1990s with *La Promesse* (*The Promise*). They won their first major international movie prize when *Rosetta* won the Palme d'Or at the 1999 Cannes Film Festival. All their movies since have played at the Cannes main competition and won one of the major prizes. They have won more awards than any other movie makers in the history of the Cannes Film Festival. 

In 2005, they won the Palme d'Or a second time for their movie *L’Enfant* (*The Child*).  This put them in an elite group of only 7 with the likes of Francis Ford Coppola. 

Jean-Pierre is the jury president for the Cinéfoundation and Short Films sections of the 2012 Cannes Film Festival.

## Filmography
* *Chant du rossignol* (1978)
* *Lorsque le bateau de Léon M. descendit la Meuse pour la première fois* (1979)
* ''Pour que la guerre s'achève, les murs devaient s'écrouter* (1980)
* *R... ne répond plus* (1981)
* *Leçons d'une université volante* (1982)
* *Regarde Jonathan/Jean Louvet, son oeuvre* (1983)
* *Il court... il court le monde* (1987)
* *Falsch* (1987)
* *Je pense à vous* (*I Think of You*) (1992)
* *La promesse* (*The Promise*) (1996)
* *Rosetta''  (1999) won the Palme d'Or at the 1999 Cannes Film Festival
* *Le fils* (*The Son*)  (2002)
* *L’Enfant* (*The Child*)  (2005) won the Palme d'Or at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival
* ''Dans l'Obscurité* (*Darkness*) (2007)
* *Le silence de Lorna* (*Lorna's Silence*) (2008)
* *The Kid with a Bike* (*Le Gamin au vélo'') (2011)

## Awards
* 1999 Palme d'Or
* 2005 Palme d'Or
* 2005 Grand-Cross of the Order of the Crown (Belgium)
* 2008 Film Award Cologne within the Cologne Conference
* 2011 Grand Prix (Cannes Film Festival)

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Mexican west coast rattlesnake

The **Mexican West Coast Rattlesnake** (Crotalus basiliscus), also known as the "*Mexican Green Rattler*" or the "*Mexican West Coast Green Rattlesnake*", is a type of venomous pit viper species. The scientific name comes from the Greek word for 'King', basiliskos, because of the snakes large size and dangerous venom. Currently, no subspecies are recognized.

## Description
The Mexican West Coast Rattlesnake is one of the largest rattlesnake species. Ones which have the length of 150 centimetres (4.9&nbsp;ft) are common, while the maximum size is reported to be 204.5 centimetres (6.71&nbsp;ft).The young are mostly red but when they become adults their color changes to olive green or yellowish cream.

## Habitat
This snakes are found in western Mexico, from southern Sonora to Michoacán. They live in areas which are treeless, are covered in short grass, thorny bushes and have plenty of cactus. 

## Feeding
Not many know what this Rattlesnake eats, but scientist found seven Mexican West Coast Rattlesnakes which had mammal hair inside them, probably belonging to rodents.

## Behavior
In the lowlands, these snakes are active during the raining, summer months and some have been found crossing the roads at night. However some have been seen basking early in the morning. It has been reported that the Mexican West Coast Rattlesnake can be tamed easily in zoos.

## References
Wellesley College

**Wellesley College** is an all-female school in Wellesley, Massachusetts, United States. The original name of the college was the Wellesley Female Seminary. The school was started by Mr. Durant and his wife. They started the college on March 17, 1870. It is in a village about 13 miles from Boston. Wellesley College has only female students. The school has many old buildings and beautiful views.

## Notable people
Women who were studies here are:
* Hillary Rodham Clinton
* Madeleine Albright
* Song May-ling
Women who were teachers or worked here are:
* Mary Sheldon Barnes
## References
Iraq national under-23 football team

The **Iraq national under-23 football team** are a team who play association football for Iraq at the under-23 level. They play their matches in Iraq at many grounds. They were one of the first teams to qualify for the AFC U-22 Asian Cup during the 2013 version.

## Recent Games 
* Green means that the team won.
* Yellow means the team had a draw.
* Red means the team lost.

## Tournament Record
### Olympic Games
Since 1992, the Olympic team has been drawn from a squad with a maximum of three players over 23 years of age, and the achievements of this team are not generally regarded as part of the national team's records, nor are the statistics credited to the players' international records.

### AFC U-22 Asian Cup
## References
Flowton

**Flowton** is a village and civil parish in Mid Suffolk, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 103 people living in Flowton. It has a church called St Mary.

## References
Beijing National Stadium

**Beijing National Stadium** is a stadium in Beijing, China.  It is officially called the **National Stadium** and also known as the '''Bird's Nest''' (鸟巢). The stadium was build to be the main venue during the 2008 Summer Olympics and Paralympics.

The stadium cost US$423&nbsp;million. A shopping mall and a hotel are planned to be built.  This will increase use of the stadium.  There was trouble attracting events, football and otherwise, after the Olympics.

The eastern and western stands of Beijing National Stadium are higher than northern and southern stands.  This is in order to improve sightlines. A 24-hour per day rainwater collector is near the stadium. After water is purified, it is used throughout and around the stadium. Pipes were placed under the playing surface to gather heat in the winter to warm the stadium and coldness in the summer to cool the stadium. The stadium's design originally could fit until 100,000 people in their maximum capacity. During the building phase, near 9,000 seats were removed from the design due the security and logistics factors. After the 2008 Summer Olympics,a near batch of another 11.000 temporary seats were removed. Now the stadium can support a maximum public of 80.000 people.

The stadium hosted the 2009 Race of Champions. In July 2010, the stadium hosted a friendly football match between Premier League team Birmingham City and Beijing Guoan.  In August 2011, the Bird's Nest hosted the Supercoppa Italiana.  This was the stadium's second in three years.

The 2015 World Championships in Athletics took place at the Beijing National Stadium. The venue was the first Summer and Winter Olympics main venue as also hosted the Opening and Closing ceremonies during the 2022 Winter Olympics and 2022 Winter Paralympics also held in Beijing.

File:chaoyang_beijing2.jpg|
File:2008 Summer Olympics flame at Beijing National Stadium 1.jpg|
File:Beijing Birds Nest Closeup.jpg|

## References
Great Livermere

**Great Livermere** is a village and civil parish in St Edmundsbury, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 220 people living in Great Livermere.

## References
07-Ghost

***07 ghost*** is a manga which happened in a fictional world. It is created and illustrated by Yuki Amemiya and Yukino Ichihara. As of March 2012, thirteen bound volumes have been released by the publisher. *07 ghost* was also made into both a drama and television anime on April 7, 2009. *07 ghost* is set in a world where everything is different. Different schools, different churches, different beliefs, with magic.

07-Ghost won a double-first prize in the 3rd Zero-Sum Comics Grand-Prix. This means it was chosen for first place by both readers and editors, which is very rare.

## Plot 
Teito Klein is a slave who was captured from Raggs Kingdom. Now he is an excellent student in the Barsburg Empire's military academy. The school teaches students to use Zaiphon, a power like a kind of magic.
He has a best friend in this school, Mikage. Mikage is Teito's only friend. They swear that no matter what happened, they will never give up each other, and be best friends forever.

One day Teito finds that Chief of Staff Ayanami killed his father, the king of the Raggs Kingdom. He wants to kill Ayanami and get revenge for his father. But Ayanami is very strong, so Teito is put in prison. And Mikage find that soon. He wants to save his best friend's life, so he helps Teito run away. To protect Mikage, Teito says that he hijacked Mikage as a hostage. He escapes but his flying machine is shot up by Ayanami. Three bishops of 7th District's church save him and hide him in the church. Teito found that he brings the Eye of Mikhail, which is a powerful gem. Ayanami wants that and tries to carry Teito. So Teito and three bishops who are the members of 7 ghost begin to fight for peace and justice. 7 ghost was the patron saint of this world.
And Teito needs to find the truth of the battles of Raggs Kingdom and Barsburg Empire.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Yukimachi's (illustrator) official site
Natland

**Natland** is a village and civil parish in South Lakeland, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 747 people living in Natland. It has a church called St Mark's Church.

## References
Multi-crew cooperation

The **multi-crew cooperation** (MCC) certificate is required for airplane pilots to fly multi-crew aircraft. It is a must for pilots applying for a multi pilot type rating and can be done separately or together.

## References
Burgh by Sands

**Burgh by Sands** is a village and civil parish in City of Carlisle, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 1143 people living in Burgh by Sands.

## References
List of Kyoto Sanga FC players

The **List of Kyoto Sanga F.C.** is .  The history of the team is created by its players.

Kyoto Sanga F.C. is a Japanese professional football club in Gifu Prefecture.
 
## List
:*This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.*
* Jun Ando
* Naohito Hirai
* Makoto Kakuda
* Yosuke Kataoka
* Tatsuya Masushima
* Hiroki Mizumoto
* Yuichi Mizutani
* Shun Morishita
* Yusuke Nakatani
* Hiroki Nakayama
* Yasumasa Nishino
* Shingo Suzuki
* Daigo Watanabe
* Atsushi Yanagisawa

## Related pages 
* Sports in Japan
* List of Japanese football teams

## References 
## Other websites
* Kyoto Sanga F.C.  
* J.League Club Guide
Saudi Arabia national under-23 football team

The **Saudi Arabia national under-23 football team** are a team who play association football for Saudi Arabia at the under-23 level. They play their matches in Saudi Arabia at many grounds. They were one of the first teams to qualify for the AFC U-22 Asian Cup during the 2013 version.

## Recent Games 
* Green means that the team won.
* Yellow means the team had a draw.
* Red means the team lost.

## Tournament Record
### Olympic Games Record
### AFC U−22 Asian Cup / AFC U−23 Asian Cup 
## References
Hurricane Tomas

**Hurricane Tomas** was the nineteenth storm and twelfth hurricane of the 2010 Atlantic hurricane season. Winds peaked at 100&nbsp;mph. Tomas cut across the Eastern Caribbean and took 65 lives (mostly across Cuba and Hispaniola). The damage totaled $652 million. The name **Tomas** was then retired and replaced with **Tobias**, which will be used during 2016 season.
2011 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship

The **2011 UEFA European Under-21 Championship** was the 18th edition of the UEFA European Under-21 Championship. It was hosted by Denmark, and played between 11 and 25 June 2011.

## Stadiums
## Group stage 
The draw took place on 9 November 2010 in Aalborg, Denmark.

### Group A 
In Group A, tie-breakers were needed to determine who qualified for the quarter-finals. Belarus qualified due to having a better goal difference in the matches between the three teams in the tie-breaker.

|
3 Way Tie-Breaker

|}
All times are UTC+2.

----

----

### Group B 
All times are UTC+2.

----

----

## Knockout stage
### Knockout map
### Semifinals 
The winners qualified for the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. The two losers had to play a play-off to qualify for the Summer Olympics.

----

### Olympic play-off 
### Final 
## References
President of the German Bundestag

since 2025]]

The **President of the German Bundestag** (German: *Präsident des Deutschen Bundestages* or *Bundestagspräsident*) is the person that is in charge of the meetings of the German Bundestag, the parliament of Germany, whos duties is similar to a speaker. In the German order of precedence, the office is ranked second after the President and before the Chancellor.

## Elections and customs 
The President of the Bundestag is elected by all members in the Bundestag, during a special time of the election period. The President has to be a member of the Bundestag. Until the election is over, the Father of the House is in charge of the Bundestag.

Usually, the President is part of the largest political party. The President can be reelected, but again they must be a member of the Bundestag again. The President also always has a Vice President (German: *Vizepräsident des Deutschen Bundestages* or *Bundestagsvizepräsident*).

## Duties 
The Presidents most important duty is to take charge of the meetings of the Bundestag. He decides the order of speakers and opens and closes the debates, and makes sure the meetings take place properly. If a big disruption happens, he has the power to not allow a certain member from meetings for up to 30 days.

## List of presidents
**Political parties**

## References
Raja Pervaiz Ashraf

**Raja Pervaiz Ashraf** (; born 26 December, 1950 in Sanghar) is 21st and previous Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan since 16 April 2022. He also served as the 19th Prime Minister of Pakistan. He took charge of office on 22 June 2012 after disqualification of 18th prime minister, Yousaf Raza Gillani. He belongs to the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) and has been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan.

## References
Pune FC

**Pune F.C.** is an Indian football club at Pune in the state of Maharashtra.

Pune is one of the teams which compete in the I-League.

## History
The club was  in 2007.  The team owners brought together a passion for sports and improving the quality of life of the communities we serve.

In the 2009-10 season, Pune was elevated to the first division of the Indian Football League.
  
In 2011, Pune became the first Indian team to play an English Premier League team at home.  Blackburn Rovers F.C. played at Pune on 7th October, 2011.

### League positions
## Related pages
* Sports in India
* List of Indian football teams
* List of Pune F.C. players

## References
## Other websites
* Pune F.C. website
Derek Jacobi

**Sir Derek George Jacobi** CBE (born 22 October 1938) is a British actor.

Jacobi was born in Leytonstone, London. He graduated from St John's College, Cambridge with a Master of Arts. 

Jacobi is openly gay and lives in Primrose Hill, London with his civil partner.

## References 
## Other websites 
*

## Other websites
List of Pune FC players

The **List of Pune F.C. players** is .  The history of the team is created by its players.

Pune F.C. is an Indian football club at Pune in the state of Maharashtra.

## List
:*This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.*
* James Moga  
* Manju Nanjangud Shivananju

### 2012 team
There are 26 men on the 2012 team.

#### Goalkeepers
* Shahinlal Meloly 
* Amrinder Singh
* Wali Chika
* Caitano Costa 
* Gurjinder Kumar 
* Othallo Tabia

#### Midfielders
* Pierre Djidjia Douhou  
* Lester Fernandez  
* Asim Hassan 
* Arata Izumi 
* Jayashelan Prasad  
* Baldeep Singh  
* Karma Tsewang 

#### Strikers
* Mandjou Keita
* Nirmal Kumar
* Singam Subash Singh
* Jeh Williamson

## Related pages 
* Sports in India
* List of Indian football teams

## References 
## Other websites
* Pune F.C. website
Paresh Shivalkar

**Paresh Shivalkar** (born 13 July 1981) is an Indian professional athlete.  He is best known as an association football or soccer player.

## Career
In 2008-2010, he played for Mahendra United.

## References
## Other websites 
* IndianFootball.com, Interview with Paresh Shivalkar
Typhoon Ike

**Typhoon Ike** was an incredibly damaging, deadly and catastropic super typhoon that caused in excess of 1400 lives lost and extreme damage. This typhoon crossed over the Philippines and eastern China in late August/early September 1984. The storm carried winds matching Category 4 hurricane level. The name **Ike** was then retired from use because of its impact over the area.
Jo-Wilfried Tsonga

**Jo-Wilfried Tsonga** (born 17 April 1985) is a French tennis player. He is ranked number 13 in the world rankings. He was born in Le Mans. His mother is French and his father is Congolese.

Tsonga was made famous by his performance in the  2008 Australian Open. For, as an unseeded player, he reached the singles final. Tsonga reached the semi-final at the 2010 Australian Open and at Wimbledon in 2011 and 2012.

## Grand Slam record 
This table shows Tsonga's performance in each Grand Slam tournament in singles.

## References 
## Other websites
Othallo Tabia

**Othallo Tabia** is an Indian professional athlete.  He is best known as an Association football or soccer player.

## Career
In the 2011-2012 season, Tabia joined the Pune F.C. team.
## Club career statistics 
|2011-2012||rowspan="2"|Pune||rowspan="2"|I-League||||||||||||||
|-
|2012-2013||||||||||||||||
 ||||||||||||||
||||||||||||||
|}

## References
## Other websites
* Goal.com, Othallo Tabia
List of Oita Trinita players

**List of Oita Trinita players** is . The history of the team is created by its players.

Oita Trinita is a Japanese professional football club in Ōita on the island of Kyushu.

## List
:*This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.*
* Koji Arimura 
* Yoshiaki Fujita 
* Yuki Fukaya 
* Keigo Higashi 
* Tatsuya Ikeda 
* Akira Kaji 
* Mu Kanazaki 
* Kazuhisa Kawahara 
* Naoya Kikuchi 
* Hiroyuki Kobayashi 
* Koki Kotegawa 
* Kenji Koyama 
* Andrzej Kubica 
* Shota Matsuhashi 
* Takashi Miki 
* Masashi Miyazawa 
* Masato Morishige 
* Yasuhito Morishima 
* Yusuke Murayama 
* Shusaku Nishikawa 
* Teppei Nishiyama 
* Keisuke Shimizu 
* Seigo Shimokawa 
* Daiki Takamatsu 
* Taikai Uemoto 
* Takashi Umeda 
* Tsukasa Umesaki 
* Taikai Uemoto 
* Patrick Zwaanswijk

## Related pages 
* Sports in Japan
* List of Japanese football teams

## References 
## Other websites
* http://www.oita-trinita.co.jp/index.php 
* J.League Club Guide