open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Tony Dolan

**Tony** "**Demolition Man**" **Dolan** is an English musician. He is best known as the bassist and vocalist of heavy metal bands Atomkraft and Venom.

## Discography
### With Atomkraft
* Future Warriors (1985)
* Queen of Death (EP) (1986)
* Tonpress (1987)
* Conductors of Noize (1987)
* Total Metal - The NEAT Anthology (2005)

### With Venom
* *Prime Evil* (1989)
* *Tear Your Soul Apart* (EP) (1990)
* *Temples of Ice* (1991)
* *The Waste Lands* (1992)

## Filmography
* *Judge Dredd* (1995) - Ivan
* *Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World* (2003) - Mr. Lamb, Carpenter
* *Battlefield Britain* (2004) - Royal Musketeer/Prisoner
* *Dirty War* (2004) - Lead TSG Officer
Mark LaVarre

**Mark LaVarre** (born February 21, 1965 in Evanston, Illinois) is a retired American professional ice hockey right winger who played a career total of 78 games in the NHL. He played his entire NHL career with the Chicago Black Hawks. He was drafted by the Chicago Black Hawks with the 119th overall pick in the sixth round of the 1983 NHL Draft.

## Other websites 
*
*
Mike Eagles

**Michael Bryant Eagles** (born March 7, 1963 in Sussex, New Brunswick) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey left winger who played a career total of 853 games in the NHL. He played 4 seasons with the Quebec Nordiques, 2 seasons with the Chicago Blackhawks, 5 seasons with the Winnipeg Jets and 6 seasons with the Washington Capitals. He was drafted by the Quebec Nordiques with the 116th overall pick in the 1981 NHL Draft.

## Other websites
*
Hoverfly

**Hoverflies**, sometimes called 'flower flies' or 'syrphid flies', are the insect family **Syrphidae**. Hoverflies mimic wasp stripes, and are usually smaller than wasps. Thus to a bird they may look scarcely worth eating, and dangerous. 

As their common name suggests, they are often seen hovering or sucking nectar at flowers. The adults of many species feed mainly on nectar and pollen, while the larvae (maggots) eat a wide range of foods.

In some species, the larvae are saprotrophs, eating decaying plant and animal matter in the soil or in ponds and streams. In other species, the larvae are insectivores and prey on aphids, thrips, and other plant-sucking insects.

Aphids alone cause tens of millions of dollars of damage to crops worldwide every year. Hoverflies are important natural enemies of these pests, and can be used in biological control. Some adult syrphid flies are important pollinators. Some orchids mimic aphid alarm scent (pheromones), which attracts hoverflies. The hoverflies then pollinate the orchids.
 
About 6,000 species in 200 genera have been described. Hoverflies are common throughout the world and can be found on most continents except Antarctica.

Hoverflies are harmless to most other animals despite their mimicry of the black and yellow stripes of wasps. They are a classic example of Batesian mimicry. The Batesian mimic is a sheep in wolf's clothing: it looks like something dangerous or which tastes disgusting, but in reality it is good to eat. Hover flies look roughly like little wasps, and their warning colouration is well-known to birds.

Unlike adults, the maggots of hoverflies feed on a variety of foods. Predatory species benefit farmers and gardeners, because aphids destroy crops. Hoverfly maggots are often used in biological control.

## Related pages 
*Halteres
*Mimicry

## References
Hope (Our Lady Peace song)

"**Hope**" is a 1994 alternative rock song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace. It is the third single from their debut studio album *Naveed*, which was released in 1994. The song was written by Raine Maida and was produced by Arnold Lanni.

The meaning of the song is about a girl named Hope who going into insanity. She thinks she's a sunflower so she climbs on top of a piano and reaches for the sun.
Naveed (song)

"**Naveed**" is a 1995 alternative rock/post-grunge song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace and is the first single from their debut studio album *Naveed*, which was released in 1994. The song was written by Raine Maida.

## Meaning of the song
Superman's Dead

"'''Superman's Dead'*" is a 1996 alternative rock/post-grunge song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace. It is the first single from their second studio album *Clumsy'', which was released in 1997. The song was written by Raine Maida and Mike Turner.

The song is about how much TV that children watch and also the content of it. The song looks at the dark expectations that are garnered from media images.

The song is one of the most popular songs from Our Lady Peace and is also a definitive example of Our Lady Peace's staple sound with the main thing being Raine Maida's voice.
In Repair (Our Lady Peace song)

"**In Repair**" is a 2000 alternative rock song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace and is the first single from their fourth studio album *Spiritual Machines*, which was released in 2000. The song was written by Raine Maida and was produced by Arnold Lanni.

## Meaning of the song
Lawrence Bragg

Sir **William Lawrence Bragg** CH OBE MC FRS (31 March 1890 – 1 July 1971) was an Australian-born British physicist and X-ray crystallographer who won the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics with his father Sir William Bragg.

## Personal life
Bragg was always known as **Sir Lawrence Bragg**, and his father was Sir William Bragg. Lawrence Bragg was educated in Adelaide, Australia and in England. He was awarded the Military Cross in World War I.

He died at a hospital near his home at Waldringfield, Ipswich, Suffolk. He was buried in Trinity College, Cambridge.

## Career
Lawrence Bragg discovered (1912) the Bragg law of X-ray diffraction, the basis of X-ray crystallography. He was joint winner (with his father, Sir William Bragg) of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1915.

Winning the Nobel at the age of 25, Lawrence Bragg is the youngest Nobel Laureate. He was the director of the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, when the discovery of the structure of DNA was made by James D. Watson and Francis Crick in February 1953.

He was elected an FRS in 1921. He was knighted by George VI in 1941, and received both the Copley Medal and the Royal Medal of the Royal Society.

## References 
## Other websites
* 
* First press stories on DNA
* Nobelprize.org – The Nobel Prize for Physics in 1915
* A collection of digitised materials related to Bragg's and Linus Pauling's structural chemistry research.
* Key Participants: Sir William Lawrence Bragg – *Linus Pauling and the Race for DNA: A Documentary History*
* NOVA Episode on Photograph 51
* Oral History interview transcript with William Lawrence Bragg on 20 June 1969, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library and Archives
* Bragg, Lawrence (Sir) (1890–1971) National Library of Australia, *Trove, People and Organisation* record for William Lawrence Bragg
*The Nature of Things: Oil, Soap and Detergent, Ri Channel video, November 1959
*The Nature of Things: Atoms and Molecules, Ri Channel video, October 1959
*The Nature of Things: Solids, Liquids and Gases, Ri Channel video, November 1959
Life Starts Now

***Life Starts Now*** is the third studio album by Canadian rock band, Three Days Grace. It was released on September 22, 2009. The producer of the album was Howard Benson. The album was certified Platinum in Canada and was also certified Gold in the US. The album peaked at #3 on the U.S. Billboard 200 and at #2 on the Canadian Albums Chart.

## Songs
## References
4 AM (Our Lady Peace song)

"**4 AM**" is a 1998 alternative rock song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace and is the fourth single from their second studio album *Clumsy*, which was released in 1997. The song was written by Raine Maida and was produced by Arnold Lanni. They thought of the name 4 AM because they wrote the song at 4:00 AM and Raine Maida's father, Anthony Maida has the initials "AM".
Somewhere Out There (Our Lady Peace song)

"**Somewhere Out There**" is a 2002 alternative rock song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace. It is the first single from their fifth studio album *Gravity*, which was released in 2002. The song was written by Raine Maida. The song was the most successful song on the album. It was also the most internationally successful single ever released by the band.
New wave of British heavy metal

The **New Wave of British Heavy Metal** (**NWOBHM**) was a heavy metal movement that started in the late 1970s, in Britain. It was well known around the world by the early 1980s, NWOBHM has developed underground and is the starting point for the sound of modern heavy metal. The movement developed as a reaction in part to the decline of early heavy metal bands such as Deep Purple, Led Zeppelin and Black Sabbath.

Some NWOBHM bands are Saxon, Motörhead, Diamond Head, and Iron Maiden.

## References
Dreidel

A **Dreidel** (סביבון,דרעידעל) is a four-sided top which is played in the Hanukkah season by Jewish people. It is game of luck which uses candy, coins or other betting tokens. 

## Rules
The players start out with 10 or 15 tokens. Each player puts one token in the pot. The **Dreidel** has four sides. נ (Nun), ג (Gimel), ה (Hei), and ש (Shin). Nun means that the player does nothing. Gimel means that the player gets all the tokens from the pot. Hei means that the player gets half of the tokens from the pot. And Shin means that the player has to put one token in the pot. 

If the Pot is empty, each player puts one token in the pot. If the pot has an odd number of tokens, one player puts one token in the pot. The player is out if he/she runs out of tokens. Whoever is left standing, or has the most tokens at the end wins the game.

## References
## Other websites 
* Dreidel Wizard
* The Origin of the Dreidel 
* Computer program that plays the dreidel game (with full Java source code)
* Dreidel Design  
* Types of Dreidels
Suspension (chemistry)

in water forms a suspension]]
In chemistry, a **suspension** is a mixture of two or more components. In a suspension, very small pieces of solid are mixed in a liquid but do not dissolve.   If left still, the solid pieces will separate from the liquid and either fall to the bottom or rise to the top. Sand in water and flour in water are examples of suspensions. Suspensions may separate quickly or stay suspended for a long time, depending on what they contain.

If a liquid is suspended in another liquid, it is called an emulsion. Milk is an emulsion. If a liquid is suspended in a gas it is an aerosol. Mist is an aerosol.

## References
Blossoms in the Dust

***Blossoms in the Dust*** is an 1941 drama movie that was produced by Irving Asher and Mervyn LeRoy and was directed by Mervyn LeRoy. Blossoms in the Dust was released on July 25, 1941 in North America. The movie won an Academy Award for *Best Art Direction-Interior Decoration, Color* and was also nominated for *Best Actress in a Leading Role*, *Best Cinematography*, *Color* and *Best Picture*.

## Cast 
* Greer Garson as Edna Kahly Gladney
* Walter Pidgeon as Samuel 'Sam' Gladney
* Felix Bressart as Doctor Max Breslar
* Marsha Hunt as Charlotte Kahly
* Fay Holden as Mrs. Kahly
* Samuel S. Hinds as Mr. George Kahly
* Kathleen Howard as Mrs. Sarah Keats
* George Lessey as Mr. Keats
* William Henry as Allan Keats
* Henry O'Neill as Judge Hartford
* John Eldredge as Damon McPherson, Edna's Fiancé
* Clinton Rosemond as Zeke, Edna's Servant
* Theresa Harris as Cleo, Edna's Maid
* Charles Arnt as G. Harrington Hedger
* Cecil Cunningham as Mrs. Marcus Gilworth
* Lucky Frye as one of the children

## References
## Other websites 
*Blossoms in the Dust at the TCM Movie Database
Misery

**Misery** is a feeling of great unhappiness, suffering and/or pain.

**Misery** may also refer to:

In **entertainment**:
* *Misery* (novel), a novel by Stephen King
** *Misery* (movie), a movie based on the novel

**Places**:
* Misery, Somme,  a commune of the Somme '**, in France
* Mount Misery (disambiguation)

In **music'*:
* Misery (band), a death metal band from Brisbane, Australia
* "Misery" (Maroon 5 song), from their 2010 album *Hands All Over''

## Related pages
* Missouri
Is Anybody Out There

***"Is Anybody Out There"*** is a song recorded by American pop group *Maroon 5*. The song was recorded in Europe at Coca Cola Music Studios on March 21, 2011. The song set a world record for being the first song in music history to be written, produced, and recorded within a 24-hours.
Superbad (movie)

***Superbad*** is a 2007 American teen sex comedy movie. It was produced by Judd Apatow, Evan Goldberg, Seth Rogen and Shauna Robertson and was directed by Greg Mottola. Superbad was released on August 17, 2007 in North America. The movie received positive reviews with a 88% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 76 out of 100 from Metacritic.

## Cast 
* Jonah Hill as Seth
* Michael Cera as Evan
* Christopher Mintz-Plasse as Fogell/McLovin'
* Emma Stone as Jules
* Bill Hader as Officer Slater
* Seth Rogen as Officer Michaels
* Martha MacIsaac as Becca
* Aviva Baumann as Nicola
* Joe Lo Truglio as Francis the Driver
* Kevin Corrigan as Mark
* Clark Duke as Teen at the Party

## Other websites 
*Superbad's official website
* 
*
Wedding Crashers

***Wedding Crashers*** is a 2005 American romantic comedy movie directed by David Dobkin, and starring Owen Wilson and Vince Vaughn, with Christopher Walken, Rachel McAdams, Isla Fisher, and Jane Seymour in a supporting roles. Wedding Crashers was released on July 15, 2005 in North America. The movie received positive reviews with a 75% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 64 out of 100 from Metacritic.

## Cast 
* Owen Wilson as John Beckwith
* Vince Vaughn as Jeremy Grey
* Christopher Walken as United States Secretary of the Treasury William Cleary
* Rachel McAdams as Claire Cleary
* Isla Fisher as Gloria Cleary
* Jane Seymour as Kathleen "Kitty Kat" Cleary
* Ellen Albertini Dow as "Grandma" Mary Cleary
* Keir O'Donnell as Todd Cleary
* Bradley Cooper as Sack Lodge
* Henry Gibson as Father O'Neil
* Jennifer Alden as Christina Cleary
* Will Ferrell (uncredited) as Chaz Reinhold
* Diora Baird as Vivian
* Dwight Yoakam as Mr. Kroger
* Rebecca De Mornay as Mrs. Kroger
* James Carville as Himself (cameo)
* John McCain as Himself (cameo)

## Other websites 
* Wedding Crashers' Official website
* 
*
Shenton Way

**Shenton Way** is a major road in Singapore. It is part of the Central Business District (CBD) area that is found at the south of Singapore. Together with Raffles Place, it forms part of Singapore's first CBD area. This road is a one way street that starts at the junction of Cross Street, Central Boulevard and Raffles Quay and ends at Keppel Road. The road was named after Sir Shenton Thomas, the Governor of Singapore in 1934–1946, to commemorate his decision to stay in the city during the Japanese Occupation of Singapore.

This road was officially opened in 1951 and became Singapore's version of Wall Street in the 1970s when many business started building their offices there.

## Buildings along Shenton Way
* 8 Shenton
* DBS Building
* Marina House
* MAS Building
* One Shenton (still building)
* SGX Centre (Singapore Exchange)
* Shenton House
* Singapore Conference Hall
* UIC Building
Ilya Bryzgalov

**Ilya Nikolayevich Bryzgalov** (Илья Николаевич Брызгалов in Russian; born 22 June 1980 in Togliatti, Russian SFSR, URS) is a Russian former professional ice hockey goaltender. Bryzgalov played parts of fourteen seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim/Anaheim Ducks, Phoenix Coyotes, Philadelphia Flyers, Edmonton Oilers, and Minnesota Wild.

He was drafted by the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim with the 44th overall pick in the 2000 NHL Draft. He won the Stanley Cup with the Anaheim Ducks on June 6, 2007.

On March 4, 2014, the Oilers traded Bryzgalov to the Minnesota Wild for a fourth-round draft pick.

On December 9, 2014, Bryzgalov signed a one-year; $2.88 million contract with the Anaheim Ducks. He would be placed on waivers by the Ducks on February 23, 2015 and sent down to play with their AHL-affiliate Norfolk Admirals. He would be released from the Ducks on February 26 and would retire from playing professional ice hockey to be closer to his family.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Philip Henrik Hansteen

**Philip Henrik Hansteen** (1817 – ?) was a Norwegian judge.

Hansteen was born in Moss, and graduated there as a cand.jur. (Candidate of Law) in 1840. From 1840 to 1842 he was a deputy judge at the Moss District Court in Moss. He was a judge in what was Norway's last trail that ended in pillory, making one embarrassed in public. He later worked as a "district stipendiary magistrate" of the Sør-Østerdal District Court from 1854 to 1869. He later worked at the Solør District Court from 1869 to 1879. In 1879 he became a Supreme Court Assessor for the rest of his life.

## References
Dysaethesia aethiopica

**Dysaethesia aethiopica** was a term to describe a mental illness. It was believed to be why Afro-American slaves were lazy.
American physician Samuel A. Cartwright described the condition in 1851. Today, dysaethesia aethiopica is considered an example of pseudoscience. Many people think it is an example of scientific racism. 

Cartwright made a statement that the illness caused people to break everything they touched. They walked about as if they were in a daze, or half asleep. They often argued with people in charge and caused disturbances. They did not feel pain, and did not react when physically punished. It affected people who did not have white (or European) people to look after them.

## References
Scientific racism

and George Robins Gliddon implied that "Negroes" were a creational rank between "Greeks" and chimpanzees.]]

**Scientific racism** is the use of science to support racism. 

## History
In the 19th century, scientists divided humankind into different groups called "races". The ideas of Social Darwinism and eugenics became popular, saying that some races were better than others and that only the best should survive.

19th-century racial "scientists" called black people members of the "Black race" or "Negroid race". Many scientists even said that white people were better than black people. In this way, scientists supported slavery and Jim Crow laws.

Some scientists said that Jews were a race. People like Houston Steward Chamberlain wrote that "Jews were a danger to other people". Adolf Hitler read some of these books and used their ideas during the Holocaust, in which at least 6,000,000 Jews were killed. They also say that "belief in races" is a bad thing that has caused much damage.

## References
Dease Lake

**Dease Lake** is a small Canadian city in British Columbia, Canada. Dease Lake is in the Northern Interior of British Columbia. Dease Lake is only a few hours from the Yukon border. Near Dease Lake is the Dease Lake Indian Reserve No. 9 which is under the governance of the Tahltan First Nation band government. Dease Lake is known for being a destination for hunting and other wilderness activities.

## Other websites
*Town of Dease Lake's Official website
Osoyoos, British Columbia

**Osoyoos** is a Canadian town in British Columbia, Canada. Osoyoos is in the southern part of the Okanagan Valley in British Columbia and is also near the Washington border. The population of Osoyoos was 5,556 at the 2021 census. Osoyoos is pronounced "OH-SOO-YOOSE" and is also historically pronounced "SOO-YOOSE". NHL player Chuck Kobasew was born in Osoyoos.

## Other websites
*Town of Osoyoos's Official website
Fort Nelson, British Columbia

**Fort Nelson** is a Canadian town in British Columbia, Canada. Fort Nelson is in the Northern Rockies Regional Municipality and is also in the northeastern corner of British Columbia. The population of Fort Nelson was 2,611 at the 2021 census. Around Fort Nelson is Fort Nelson River, Muskwa River and Prophet River. The forests in Fort Nelson are part of Canada's boreal forest.

## Other websites
*Town of Fort Nelson's Official website
Total Metal

***Total Metal*** is the compilation album by heavy metal band Atomkraft. It contains songs from albums published by Neat Records.

## Track listing 
### CD 1 
# Total Metal
# Pour the Metal In
# Foliage
# Teutonic Pain
# Funeral Pyre
# Rich Bitch
# Starchild
# Warzone
# Vision of Belshazzar
# Burn in Hell
# Requiem
# Protector
# Dead Man's Hand
# Medley: This Planet Burning / Death Valley

### CD 2 
# Future Warriors
# Queen of Death
# The Cage
# Demolition
# Heat and Pain
# Mode 3
# Your Mentor
# Trial by Deception
# Demolition Boyz
# Visions of Belshhazzar (Live)
# Foliage (Live)
# Annihilate the Bride
# Dance of the Immortals
# Total Metal ('83 Demo)
# Death Valley ('83 Demo)
Parasomnia

**Parasomias** are sleep disorders that interrupt sleep. They can be broadly classified:
*Problems with arousal (NREM sleep): Sleepwalking and night terrors (Pavor nocturnus)
*Problems associated with REM sleep: Nightmares, sleep paralysis
*Other problems, including for example hallucinations, or eating disorders.
Holy Saturday

**Holy Saturday** (from the Latin: *Sabbatum Sanctum*) is the day after Good Friday. It is the day before Easter and the last day of Holy week, in which Christians prepare for Easter. This day commemorates the day that Jesus Christ's body laid in the tomb.
Bubble sort

**Bubble sort** is a simple sorting algorithm. It is simple to understand, so it is usually taught to new students. It is not as efficient as some other sorting algorithms.

Bubble sort's name comes from the fact that each item in the list “bubbles” up to where it should go, like bubbles in water.

## Algorithm
, one less element (the last one) is needed to be compared until there are no more elements left to be compared.]]
The algorithm compares pairs of elements in a list. The elements that make up the pairs are next to each other. Starting at one end of the list, the two elements in each pair are compared to each other in order. That means for example, the first and second element are compared, then the second and third element, and then the third and fourth, and so on. If the elements in the current pair are out of order, then the two elements switch places. This process – of comparing two elements – is done over and over again, until the whole list is sorted. The list is sorted, when there are no more pairs that have to be swapped.

In the best case scenario, where the list was already sorted before running the algorithm, the algorithm's complexity is O(n) (Big O notation). In the worst case, where the list starts off as being sorted in reverse, O(n²).

Here is an example of bubble sort working on 4 elements, to sort from least to greatest:

## Implementation 
In an imperative programming language, bubble sort can be implemented by using a flag variable and looping through the array's elements:
# Set the flag `sorted`.
# Starting at one end, consider every neighbored pair of elements in a vector one after another (in their order).
# If a pair's elements are out of order, swap them, and clear the flag `sorted`.
# Repeat the previous steps until `sorted` remains set.

Alternatively, since the greatest value ascends to the highest index within the first iteration and then has reached its final *right* position, two for-loops nested into one another sort the vector, too:

```pascal
for top ≔ high(vector)−1 downto low(vector) do
    for current ≔ low(vector) to top do
        if vector[current] > vector[current+1] then
            exchange(vector, current, current+1)
```

## Related pages
* Insertion sort
* Selection sort
Tom Glavine

**Tom Glavine** (born March 25, 1966) is a former baseball player who played as a pitcher. He won more than 300 games in his career and has won the second-most games in National League history (behind his former teammate Greg Maddux). He won one World Series with the Atlanta Braves in 1995, and was the World Series Most Valuable Player (MVP). Most of his career was with the Braves (from 1987 to 2002 and in 2008), but he also played with the New York Mets from 2003 to 2007.

## Awards
As well as being the MVP of the 1995 World Series, Glavine also won the National League (NL) Cy Young Award in 1991 and 1998.

## References
Gliding

**Gliding** is when an object or animal goes through the air without active flight. All gliders use an aerofoil to slow their rate of descent. Glider planes have wings, and gliding animals have membranes which they stretch out. By using rising air they can prolong their stay in the air. The word 'soaring' describes this, and is also used for the sport of gliding. 

Air will rise if it is heated by the ground or if it is deflected by mountains. Improvements in aerodynamics, in instruments and in the understanding of the weather have allowed flights over great distances at high speeds. The world record distance is now over 3000&nbsp;km.

## Animals 
Many birds are good at gliding some Seabirds like the great frigatebird can fly for serval weeks without stopping. They evolved to do this because they needed to use less energy. Some examples of birds that can glide are:

* Albatross
* Condor
* Eagle
* Stork
* Frigatebird

They use the same types of lift as man-made gliders.

## Glider airplanes 
*Main article: Glider*

### History 
" it was used heavily in training new pilots for the Luftwaffe (German air force) this type of airplane was made 10,000 times.]]
The development of the Glider started after World War I because the Weimar Republic (the name for Germany from 1918-1933) were not allowed to make airplanes with engines so instead they made gliders. In 1936 Gliding was demonstrated (shown off) at the Summer Olympics in Germany. 

Gliders were used to move troops and equipment in World War II. The countries that had them were The United States, The United Kingdom, and Germany.  However unlike normal Gliders for the most part these planes could not use rising air to stay up in the sky.

Gliders were also used in several Air forces as training aids and in their cadet programs.

## References
Physiotherapy

**Physiotherapy** is also called "physical therapy" or "PT". It attempts to treat illness or injuries that limit a person's abilities to move and do things in their daily life.

PT is the treatment of disease, injury, deformity or disability to improve the quality of life. To accomplish this, physiotherapists use various methods, including exercise, patient education, and hands-on techniques (like manual therapy, dry needling and trigger point therapy).

## What does PT treat? 
Physiotherapists can treat a wide variety of conditions. They are best-known for their treatment of musculoskeletal injuries such as ankle sprains, muscle injuries and tendon pain. 

However, physiotherapists are crucial for many other conditions. Neurophysiotherapy can help people recover from neurological conditions, like stroke and traumatic brain injury. Physios also help people who need cardiopulmonary rehabilitation (such as after heart surgery) or have respiratory conditions like emphysema.

PT can also be very important in treating children with cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, Down syndrome, and other chromosome-related conditions.

Musculoskeletal physiotherapists are often based in outpatient clinics, though some work in hospitals or for sports teams.

## Advanced treatment modalities in physiotherapy 
* Shockwave Therapy: Providing advanced treatment for chronic pain and soft tissue injuries.
* Low-Level Laser Therapy: Promoting healing and reducing inflammation through advanced technologies.
* Schroth Scoliosis Method: Specializing in personalized treatment for scoliosis management.

## References
Kesennuma

**Kesennuma**  is a Japanese city. It is part of Miyagi Prefecture. Kesennuma is in the northeastern part of the prefecture and faces two coasts: the Pacific coast, and Sanriku coast. Kesennuma borders the town of Minamisanriku to the south. Across the border to the north in Iwate Prefecture, it borders the cities of Ofunato and Rikuzentakata.

The city was heavily damaged on March 11, 2011 by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami and by large fires. Between 1 March and 31 August 2011, many people left Kesennuma. The population went down by about 2,500 people, or 5%. 

## Damage on March 11, 2011

File:Kesennuma earthquake damage, 2011.JPG|House destroyed by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.
File:Damage of Tsunami in Kesennuma.JPG|The tsunami swallowed up city areas and left behind many large ships.
File:Minami-Kesennuma Station after tsunami.jpg|Minami Kesennuma Station, damaged by the tsunami
File:Searching for missing person in Kesennuma.JPG|Japanese Self Defense Force members search for missing persons after the town was damaged by large ships.
File:US Navy 110401-N-8607R-356 Landing Craft Utility (LCU) 1651, assigned to Assault Craft Unit (ACU) 1, embarked aboard the amphibious assault ship US.jpg|An American landing craft assisting damaged areas as part of Operation Tomodachi, April 1, 2011.

## Sister cities and friendship agreements
*  Ichinoseki, Iwate Prefecture: Sister city agreement on May 1, 1997.
*  Kurihara, Miyagi Prefecture
*  Meguro, Tokyo. Kesennuma is a major producer of a mackerel fish called *sanma*. Meguro holds a large Sanma Festival each year. Kesennuma and Meguro became sister cities at that festival on September 18, 2010.
*  Puntarenas, Costa Rica
*  Zhoushan, People's Republic of China
*  Jilin, Changyi District, People's Republic of China
*  Seattle and Kesennuma have a sister port relationship.

## References
List of dances

**List of dances**:

## A
*Allemande
*Ardah

## B
*Ballet
*Bhangra
*Belly dance
*Breakdance
*Bharatnatyam

## C
*Can-can
*Capoeira
*Cha-cha-cha
*Circle dance
*Clog dance
*Courante

## D
*Dabke
*Disco

## F
*Flamenco
*Foxtrot

## G
*Gigue

## H
*Hula
*Hiphop

## I
*Irish dance

## J
*Japanese traditional dance
*Jig
*Jive (dance)

## K
*Kathak
*Kathakali

## L
*Line dance

## M
*Manipuri dance
*Mazurka
*Minuet
*Modern dance
*Moonwalk

## P
*Paso doble
*Payung dance
*Piring dance

## Q
*Quickstep

## R
*Rain dance

## S
*Salsa
*Saman dance
*Samba
*Sarabande
*Sequence dance
*Street dance
*Striptease

## T
*Tango
*Tarantella
*Twist (dance)
*Tap dancing

## V
*Viennese waltz
*Vogue

## W
*Waltz (International)

## Y
*Yowlah
Volkswagen Transporter

The **Volkswagen Transporter** is a range of vans and minibuses produced by Volkswagen since 1950. Before 1990 they were air-cooled with the engine in the rear, after 1990 the engine was moved to the front and water-cooled.

File:1965 Volkswagen T1 pic2.JPG|First Generation (T1)
File:Vw bus t2b neu v sst.jpg|Second Generation (T2)
File:Vw transporter t3 wasser v sst.jpg|Third Generation (T3)
File:1999 Volkswagen Transporter (70) 2.0 SWB van (2011-04-28) 01.jpg|Fourth Generation (T4)
File:VW T5 Transporter TDI.JPG|Fifth Generation (T5)
File:VW T6 1.jpg|Sixth Generation (T6)

## First Generation (T1) 
They are often painted bright colors. They are also called the **Transporter**, **Kombi**, **Bus** (US) or **Camper** (UK).

German production stopped after the 1967 model year; however, the T1 still was made in Brazil until 1975.

## Second Generation (T2) 
In late 1967, the second generation of the Volkswagen Type 2 (T2) was introduced. It was built in West Germany until 1979. In Mexico, the Volkswagen Kombi and Panel were produced from 1970 to 1994. Models before 1971 are often called the T2a (or "Early Bay"), while models after 1972 are called the T2b (or "Late Bay").
Earth Day

**Earth Day** is a day that is supposed to  more  and appreciation for the Earth's natural environment. The goal of Earth Day is to support protecting the environment and make people aware of problems like pollution, deforestation, and illegal wildlife trade. It takes place each year on April 22. It now takes place in more than 193 countries around the world.  During Earth Day, the world encourages everyone to turn off all unwanted lights. On Earth day we should give something to our mother land like we can plant trees.

## History
It was founded by United States Senator Gaylord Nelson as an environmental teach-in first held on April 22, 1970. U Thant, the Secretary-General of United Nations at that time, has recognized it. While the first Earth Day focused on the United States, The EPA ( Enviromental Protection Agency), launched by Denis Hayes, who was the original national coordinator in 1970, took it international in 1990 and organized events in 141 countries. Its name and concept were created by John McConnell in 1960 at a UNESCO conference in San Francisco.

## Related pages
* Earth phase
* Environmentalism
* Spaceship Earth
* World Environment Day
* World Population Day
* Greenwashing

## References
## Other websites
*
Counting the cost

stopped in 1348.]]
**Counting the cost** is the name of a pair of parables Jesus told.  The two parables are written in the New Testament in Luke 14:25-33.

## What Jesus said
Large crowds were travelling with Jesus, and turning to them he said:

## What it means
The disciples of Jesus gave up everything they had for the kingdom of God, even their lives.  To follow "God's salvific aim" meant to put family and possessions in second place. Christians believe the cost of being a disciple is worth the promised rewards.

## References
Parable of Drawing in the Net

sketch of the parable of the dragnet.]]

The **Parable of Drawing in the Net** is a parable of Jesus written in the New Testament in Matthew 13:47–52.  It is a parable about the final judgment. Here, the edible fish must be separated from the inedible fish after they caught with a net.

Four of his disciples were fishermen and Jesus spoke using imagery they understood. Because it is a parable about the end of the age, a modern interpretation can be considered, with the net representing the Internet. Jesus's next words about old and new treasures indicated he did have in mind a future time.  At that time, "true teachers of the kingdom display the kingdom's treasure for all to see."

## References
Kett's Rebellion

'''Kett's Rebellion''' was a fight in Norfolk during the reign of Edward VI of England. The rebellion was led by Robert Kett of Wymondham, Norfolk. It started in July 1549.

Kett's Rebellion started in Wymondham after a small group of peasants (poor people) got together to protest against barons, who had stolen the common land, leaving the poor people to die of hunger. The leader was Robert Kett. The peasants marched 16&nbsp;kilometres into Norwich and gathered on Mousehold Heath. They attracted the support of the poorer people of Norwich.

Hundreds of peasants were killed and 300 were captured and executed in Norwich. Robert Kett was captured, held in the Tower of London and then hanged at Norwich Castle on 7 December 1549.
Parable of the Barren Fig Tree

The **Parable of the Barren Fig Tree** (Luke 13:6–9) written in the New Testament is a parable of Jesus.  It is a parable about a fig tree which does not produce fruit, unlike the parable of the budding fig tree.

## What Jesus said 
Then he told this parable:

## What it means
The owner of the vineyard represents God.  The fig tree is a symbol for Jerusalem Fig trees are often planted in vineyards.

The parable indicates Jesus is giving his hearers one last chance to repent their sins.

## Related pages
* Figs in the Bible

## References
Parable of the Budding Fig Tree

]]

The **Parable of the Budding Fig Tree** is a parable of Jesus.  It is written in the New Testament in Matthew 24:32-35, Mark 13:28-31 and Luke 21:29-33.  The parable compares the Kingdom of God with a budding fig tree, the opposite of the barren fig tree.

## What Jesus said
He told them this parable:

## What it means
This eschatological parable follows the Olivet discourse in Luke 21:5-28 (and Matthew 24 and Mark 13).  New buds appear on the branches of trees when winter ends.  The buds open into blossoms and green leaves in spring.  Fruit starts to appear as summer arrives.  When  the signs of the end of the age start to happen, it means Jesus will return soon.

## References
Parable of the Friend at Night

, from Robert Bowyer's edition of the Bible.]]

The **Parable of the Friend at Night** (**Importunate Neighbour**), is a parable of Jesus written in the New Testament in Luke 11:5-8.  A man refuses to help his neighbour during an emergency at midnight.  His neighbour persists in asking until he changes his mind.

## What Jesus said
The parable:

Based on the Parable of the Ten Virgins, the unexpected arrival of the neighbour's guest at midnight could mean it is Jesus himself.

## What it means
Jesus told this parable after he taught his disciples how to pray the Lord's Prayer. 
  The parable is therefore an incentive to pray.  The parable of the Unjust Judge has a similar meaning.

## Depictions
The most famous depiction of this parable is *The Importunate Neighbour* (1895) by William Holman Hunt, kept at the National Gallery of Victoria, Australia.
's painting of *The Importunate Neighbour* (1895).]]

## References
Onon (river)

The **Onon gol** (Mongolian: Онон гол, Russian: Онон) is a river in Mongolia and Russia. It is 818 km long. Its watershed is 94,010&nbsp;km2. It starts at the Khentii Mountains, on the Eastern slopes. 298&nbsp;km of the river is in Mongolia. It has a confluence (the place where two rivers join together) with the Ingoda River. When they meet, it makes the Shilka River. People believe that Genghis Khan was born near the upper Onon and he grew up there. The rivers Onon—Shilka—Amur makes one of the world's ten longest rivers (their lengths, in order: 818&nbsp;km, 560&nbsp;km, 2,874&nbsp;km).
Parable of the Faithful Servant

.]]

The **Parable of the Faithful Servant** (or **Parable of the Door Keeper**) is a parable of Jesus written in the New Testament in Matthew 24:42-51, Mark 13:34-37, and Luke 12:35-48.

## What Jesus said
The parable:

## What it means
The parable immediately precedes the Parable of the Ten Virgins in the Matthew 25.  It means "be prepared and remain alert." The exact time of Jesus' Second Coming is unknown.

The bridegroom is Jesus Christ.  The wedding banquet is his wedding banquet.  The advice is for the church, his bride, while she waits for him.  He has chosen her.  "That privilege brings responsibility and that responsibility entails accountability."  Priests will be judged more severely than pagans who never heard of Jesus.

## References
Entscheidungsproblem

The **Entscheidungsproblem** (German, "decision problem") is a famous problem of mathematics and computer science. David Hilbert formulated the problem in 1928: Is there an algorithm that will take a formal language, and any logical statement in that language, and that will output "True" or "False", depending on the truth value of the statement? The algorithm does not tell how it reaches the answer, nor prove it, as long as the answer is always correct.

In 1936 and 1937, Alonzo Church and Alan Turing showed independently that no algorithm can satisfy the Entscheidungsproblem. That is, they showed that it is impossible for an algorithm to decide whether certain mathematical statements are true or false.

## Turing's Proof 
Turing proposes a computer program that can determine if any program given to it will halt. He also proposes another program that halts if the input is loop, and loops if the input is halt. He says to make these two programs one new program. Then, he proposes to feed this new program's code into itself. This means the program thinks it will halt, so it will loop, but then it'll loop, so it'll halt, and so on and so forth. This is a paradox, which means for certain that you cannot write a program to determine if every program will halt or not.

## References
Bessie Coleman

**Elizabeth "Bessie" Coleman** (January 26, 1892 – April 30, 1926) was the first female African American pilot ever to hold an international pilot license. She fought discrimination to follow her dream of becoming a pilot.  She became a skilled barnstormer and aviation educator.

## Early Life
Coleman was born in Texas in 1892. Her mother was African American and her father was Native American.  Coleman refused to perform at places that did not let African Americans watch equally.

Coleman wanted to open an aviation school in the United States where black students could learn to be pilots.

In April 1926, Coleman and her mechanic, William Will, were practicing for a performance the next day.  Will was piloting the plane, when it flipped over and started to dive.  Coleman fell out of the plane and was killed. She is buried in Chicago's Lincoln Cemetery.

## Legacy
Coleman is in the Aviation Hall of Fame.

In 1929, William Powell started the Bessie Coleman Aero Club in her honor.  The Club promoted aviation among black Americans, and it allowed men and women to join.

In 1995, the U.S. Post Office issued a stamp in her honor. A Chicago street was named after her.

## References
*Bessie Coleman biography at pbs.org 
*http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Explorers_Record_Setters_and_Daredevils/Coleman/EX11.htm 

## Other websites
*Web site about Bessie Coleman
*Picture of the stamp honoring Coleman
Imperial College London

**Imperial College London** (IC) is a large university in central London. It specialises in business, engineering, medicine and science.

Imperial College was a constituent college of the University of London. It became fully independent in 2007, the 100th anniversary of its founding.

Imperial is among the best universities. It ranks 2nd in the 2015 QS World University Rankings and 9th in the 2015 Times Higher Education World University Rankings. Imperial ranked 22 in the 2014 Shanghai world rankings.

Imperial's faculty and alumni include 15 Nobel laureates, 2 Fields Medalists, 70 Fellows of the Royal Society, 82 Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering and 78 Fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences.

## Facilities 
Imperial's main campus is in the South Kensington area of Central London. It is on the boundary between the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea and the City of Westminster. Its main entrance is on Exhibition Road.

IC has a number of other campuses in Central London. With 525,233 square metres, it has the largest working estate of any higher education institution in the UK.

Imperial has around 14,700 full-time students and 3,330 academic and research staff. It had a total income of £694 million in 2009/10, of which £297 million was from research grants and contracts.

Imperial is ranked 26th in the world (and 5th in Europe) in the 2010 Academic Ranking of World Universities, 7th in the world (and 4th in Europe) in the 2010 QS World University Rankings, and 9th in the world (and 3rd in Europe) in the 2010 Times Higher Education World University Rankings.

There are currently 14 Nobel Prize winners and two Fields Medal winners amongst Imperial's alumni and current and former faculty.

Imperial is a member of the G5, the League of European Research Universities, Oak Ridge Associated Universities and the Russell Group. It forms part of the 'Golden Triangle' of British universities.

## History 
Imperial was formed indirectly by Prince Albert. Under his guidance, the Crown bought land in South Kensington to establish educational and cultural institutions. The area was referred to as "Albertopolis" by sceptics. The area included the Natural History Museum, the Victoria and Albert Museum, the Science Museum, the Royal Albert Hall and the Imperial Institute. The Imperial Institute was opened by Queen Victoria, who laid the first brick.

## References 
*Annual Report and Accounts 2013–14. Imperial College London. https://workspace.imperial.ac.uk/finance/Public/annual_report/annual_report_13_14.pdf 

**Notes**
Willie Dixon

**William James "Willie" Dixon** (July 1, 1915 – January 29, 1992) was an American blues musician, singer, songwriter and bass player. He was one of the founders of Chicago blues. He wrote a lot of songs which are still standards of Chicago blues. (i.e. "Little Red Rooster", "Hoochie Coochie Man", "Evil", "Spoonful", "Back Door Man", "I Just Want to Make Love to You", "I Ain't Superstitious", "My Babe", "Wang Dang Doodle", and "Bring It On Home") The songs are from the 1950s when Dixon worked as producer for Chess Records. He also played upright bass on many of the label's records.
## Life
Dixon was born in Vicksburg, Mississippi on July 1, 1915. He learned the blues during his time on prison farms in Mississippi as an early-teenager. Dixon sang bass for  The Jubilee Singers, a local gospel group that was often in the program of the local radio station WQBC. He began to change poems he wrote into songs which he sold to local groups.

1936 he went to Chicago like many others from the Mississippi delta. There he begun boxing and won the Illinois State Golden Gloves Heavyweight Championship (Novice Division) in 1937. During his boxing time he met Leonard "Baby Doo" Caston, who convinced him to a musical career. Before the Second World War Dixon sang in different vocal groups. After the war he reunited with Caston and formed the "Big Three Trio".

Dixon signed with Chess Records as a recording artist but soon was involved in the record business. By 1951 he was producer, talent scout, session musician and staff songwriter. He worked with Chuck Berry, Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf, Otis Rush, Bo Diddley, Joe Louis Walker, Little Walter, Sonny Boy Williamson, Koko Taylor, Little Milton, Eddie Boyd, Jimmy Witherspoon, Lowell Fulson, Willie Mabon, Memphis Slim, Washboard Sam, Jimmy Rogers, and others. By his work with Chuck Berry he was a link between blues and early rock and roll.

From the late 1960s until the middle 1970s, Dixon ran his own record label, Yambo Records. He formed different all star bands which often went on tours in Europe. He also became an advocate for the blues. He founded the Blues Heaven Foundation. The Foundation preserves the blues legacy and secures copyrights and royalties for blues musicians who were often exploited in the past.

In the 1970s and 1980s his health became weaker and weaker because of his diabetes. Dixon died of heart failure in Burbank, California on January 29, 1992.

## Honors
*Blues Hall of Fame (1980)
*Grammy (1989) for Hidden Charms
*Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in the "early influences" (pre-rock) category (1994)
## Discography
## Reading
*Dixon, Willie; Snowden, Don (1989). I Am the Blues. Da Capo Press. .

## References
Legion of Honour

The **Legion of Honour** () is the highest French award.

It was established by Napoleon Bonaparte on 19 May 1802.

The Order is the highest decoration in France and is divided into five degrees: Chevalier (Knight), Officier (Officer), Commandeur (Commander), Grand Officier (Grand Officer) and Grand Croix (Grand Cross).

The order's motto is '''' ('Honour and Country'), and its seat is the ''Palais de la Légion d'Honneur'' on the left bank of the River Seine in Paris.

## References
Easter Bilby

The **Easter Bilby** is an Australian alternative to the Easter Bunny. Bilbies are an endangered species of Australian marsupials. Bilby shaped chocolates are sold in many Australian shops to raise money to help protect the bilbies. 

Author Rose-Marie Dusting wrote a book in 1979 called *Billy, the Aussie Easter Bilby*. Some of the money from each book sold goes to helping the bilbies.

The Foundation for Rabbit-Free Australia began to use the Easter Bilby concept in 1991. They wanted to show the damage that rabbits do to the Australian environment. The ideas was taken up by an Easter egg company, Darrell Lea. They give a portion of their profits to the foundation.

Australian children's book author and illustrator Irena Sibley produced three Easter Bilby books between 1994 and 2000 including the best selling ''The Bilbies' First Easter''.

## References
John Richard Hicks

Sir **John Richard Hicks** (8 April 1904 – 20 May 1989) was a British economist. He contributed to the fields of consumer demand theory in microeconomics. In 1937, he developed the IS/LM model  which summarizes a Keynesian view of macroeconomics. His book *Value and Capital* (1939) significantly extended general-equilibrium and value theory. The compensated demand function is named the Hicksian demand function in memory of him.

He was made a Knight Bachelor in 1964.

In 1972 he received the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences (jointly)  for his pioneering contribution to general equilibrium theory and welfare theory.

Hicks died on 20 May 1989 at his home in the Cotswold village of Blockley at the age of 85.

## References