open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Warren Stephens

**Warren Amerine Stephens** (born February 18, 1957) is an American businessman and politician who has been the 68th United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom since 2025. He was the chairman, president and chief executive officer (CEO) of Stephens Inc., an investment bank. 

In December 2024, President-elect Donald Trump nominated Stephens to be the U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom. On February 12, 2025, his nomination was sent to the Senate. His nomination was confirmed by a vote of 59&ndash;39 on April 29, 2025.

## References
Charles Kushner

**Charles Kushner** (born May 16, 1954) is an American real estate developer, politician and former lawyer who has been the United States Ambassador to France and Monaco since 2025. He founded Kushner Companies in 1985. His son Jared Kushner is the husband of Ivanka Trump and son-in-law of Donald Trump.

## Criminal charge
In 2005, he was found guilty of illegal campaign contributions, tax evasion, and witness tampering after hiring a prostitute to seduce his brother-in-law, recorded a sex tape between the two, and sending the tape to his sister. He was sentenced to two years in jail. He later received a pardon by his son's father-in-law, President Donald Trump, on December 23, 2020. 

## U.S. Ambassadorship
In November 2024, President-elect Trump nominated Kushner to be the U.S. Ambassador to France and Monaco for his second term.  On February 12, 2025, his nomination was sent to the Senate. His nomination was confirmed by the Senate by a vote of 51-45. Cory Booker was the lone Democratic senator to support his confirmation.

## References
## Other websites
* Kushner Companies in the FBI's FOIA Library *The Vault*
2024 Syrian opposition offensives

On 27 November 2024, a coalition of Syrian opposition groups called the Military Operations Command led by Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) and allied Turkish-backed groups in the Syrian National Army (SNA) launched an offensive against the pro-government Syrian Arab Army (SAA) forces in Idlib, Aleppo and Hama Governorates in Syria.

It is codenamed **Deterrence of Aggression** by HTS and stated as being launched in retaliation for the increased SAA firing of civilians in the Western Aleppo countryside.

On 29 November 2024, HTS and the Syrian Democratic Forces entered Aleppo and captured most of the city, during the collapse of pro-government forces.

On 4 December 2024, fierce clashes erupted in Hama province as the Syrian army engaged Islamist-led insurgents in a bid to halt their advance on the key city of Hama. Government forces claimed to have launched a counteroffensive with air support, pushing back rebel factions, including Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), around six miles from the city. However, despite reinforcements, the rebels captured the city on 5 December. The fighting led to widespread displacement, with nearly 50,000 people fleeing the area and over 600 casualties reported, including 104 civilians.

On 7 December 2024, President Bashar al-Assad fled the capital of Damascus after the city was taken.

## Notes
## References
Military Operations Command (Syria)

The **Military Operations Command** formerly known as **Al-Fatah al-Mubin**  or **Great Conquest**, is a joint military operations made up of Islamist and nationalist groups of the Syrian opposition taking part in the Syrian civil war. The operations room was created in June 2019 during the Syrian Army's Dawn of Idlib 1 campaign and were made up of rebel groups. The three groups making up the coalition are Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, the Turkish-backed National Front for Liberation, and Jaysh al-Izza.

## References
Don Budge

**John Donald Budge** (June 13, 1915 – January 26, 2000) was an American tennis player. He was known as the first tennis player to win all four Grand Slam events. Budge is thought to have been one of the best backhands in the history of tennis.

In December 1999, Budge was injured in a car crash and he never fully recovered. He died on January 26, 2000, at a nursing home in Scranton, Pennsylvania, aged 84.

## References
## Other websites
Gluteus maximus

The **gluteus maximus**, also called the **glutes**, is one of the three gluteal muscles in the hip. It is the largest muscle in the human body.

## Structure 
The gluteus maximus is the most superficial of the gluteal muscles, making up most of the buttock area.

## Training 
The gluteus maximus is part of several sports activities.

## In other animals 
In humans, the glutes are larger in size than in other primates.

## Gallery 

File:Gluteus all.gif|All three gluteal muscles, including the gluteus maximus
File:Posterior Hip Muscles 3.PNG|The gluteus maximus and medius
File:Gerrish's Text-book of Anatomy (1902) - Fig. 349.png|In this photo, the gluteus maximus is outlined and is aligned with the pelvis.

## References 
## Other websties
* 
* 
*
Bruno Retailleau

**Bruno Daniel Marie Paul Retailleau** (born 20 November 1960) is a French politician. He was the Minister of the Interior from 2024 until 2025.

Retailleau represented the Vendée department in the National Assembly from 1994 to 1997. He was in the Senate from 2004 to 2024. 

## References
Didier Migaud

**Didier Migaud** (born 6 June 1952) is a French politician. He was the Minister of Justice from 21 September 2024 to 23 December 2024. He was president of the French Cour des comptes from 2010 to 2020, and member of the National  Assembly of France from 1988 to 2010.
 
## References
Suzanne Lenglen

**Suzanne Rachel Flore Lenglen** (24 May 1899 – 4 July 1938) was a French tennis player. She was the first world No. 1 from 1921 to 1926, winning eight Grand Slam titles in singles and twenty-one in total. She was also a four-time World Hard Court Champion in singles, and ten times in total.

Lenglen won six Wimbledon singles titles, including five in a row from 1919 to 1923, and was the champion in singles, doubles, and mixed doubles at the first two open French Championships in 1925 and 1926. 

Lenglen died on 4 July 1938 in Paris, France from problems caused by anemia and leukemia, aged 39.

## Notes
## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*
Social Democrats (Ireland)

The **Social Democrats** are a social democratic political party in Ireland. and pro-European views.

## List of Leaders
## References
Cian O'Callaghan

'''Cian O'Callaghan''' (born 7 May 1979) is an Irish politician who has been a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin Bay North since the 2020 general election. 

## References
HSBC Bank Malaysia

**HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad** was incorporated locally in Malaysia on 1 October 1984. It is part of the HSBC Group and is a wholly owned subsidiary of HSBC Holdings plc, headquartered in London.

## History
 to serve merchants in the region.]]

In 1884, after the establishment of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited offices in Shanghai and Hong Kong, the bank established its third office in Penang, one of the Strait Settlements in present-day Malaysia, with permission to issue currency notes. The bank later opened its office in Malacca in 1909 and by the end of 1912, offices had opened in Ipoh, Kuala Lumpur, Johor Bahru and Kota Bharu. During the 1920s and 1930s, the bank opened more branches in several states, Sungai Petani branch in 1922, Kuantan in 1929, Muar in 1930, and Kuala Terengganu in 1936.

In East Malaysia, the first branch opened in Kota Kinabalu in 1947. Branches were set up in Sandakan and Tawau a year later, followed by Labuan in 1957. Meanwhile, in Sarawak, branches opened in Kuching in 1958 and 1964 and in Sibu in 1959.

By 1959, The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited had embarked on a programme of acquisitions – including The Mercantile Bank and alliances and has network of 40 branches throughout Malaysia. Through the acquisition of The Mercantile Bank, which started operations in Malaysia in 1860, HSBC is indirectly the oldest bank in Malaysia.

Currently HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad has a network of 40 branches nationwide.

## Malaysian banking
HSBC Bank Malaysia is the largest foreign-owned bank in Malaysia by asset, offers a full range of personal and commercial banking services from its network of branches and direct channels. In addition, HSBC has been offering Islamic financial services in Malaysia since August 2006 through its Islamic banking subsidiary HSBC Amanah Malaysia Berhad in Malaysia.

## Other websites
*HSBC Bank Malaysia website
*HSBC Branches in East Malaysia
*HSBC Group website
*Company Overview of HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad, bloomberg.com
Battle of Aleppo (2024)

On 29 November 2024, Syrian opposition group Tahrir al-Sham, along with allied Turkish-backed groups in the Military Operations Command, entered the Syrian Arab Army-held city of Aleppo. The battle began on the third day of a large-scale rebel offensive. It is the first time fighting has broken out in the city since the earlier battle, which began in 2012 and ended in 2016.

On 30 November 2024, opposition groups captured most of the city during the collapse of pro-government forces.

## References
2024 Irish general election

The **2024 Irish general election** to elect the 34th Dáil took place on 29 November 2024. It elected 174 Teachtaí Dála (TDs) across 43 constituencies of between 3 and 5 seats to Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Oireachtas, Ireland's legislature. The 34th Dáil will be the largest Dáil in the history of the state. 

The election resulted in Fianna Fáil staying the largest party, increasing its number of seats to 48. Its governing partner Fine Gael won 38 seats, with the two parties combined winning 86 seats, two short of a majority. The Green Party lost all but one of its seats, with only leader Roderic O'Gorman returning to the Dáil. Sinn Féin stayed the second largest party, winning 39 seats, while the Social Democrats and Labour each won 11 seats, an increase of five each.

## Notes
## References
Christopher O'Sullivan

'''Christopher O'Sullivan''' (born 2 June 1982) is an Irish Fianna Fáil politician. He has been a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Cork South-West constituency since the 2020 general election.

## References
Róisín Shortall

**Róisín Shortall** (born 25 April 1954) is an Irish former Social Democrats politician. She was a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin North-West constituency from 1992 to 2024. She was the founding leader of the Social Democrats from 2015 to 2023. She also was the Minister of State for Primary Care from 2011 to 2012.

In August 2022, she became the longest serving female TD in the history of the State.

## References
Cork South-West (Dáil constituency)

**Cork South-West** is a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas. The constituency elects three deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs).

## Other websites
* Oireachtas Constituency Dashboards
* Oireachtas Members Database
* Government of Ireland: Constituency Maps (Current)
Catherine Murphy (politician)

**Catherine Murphy** (born 1 September 1953) is an Irish former Social Democrats politician. She was a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Kildare North constituency from 2011 to 2024. She served before from 2005 to 2007. She was founding joint leader of the Social Democrats from 2015 to 2023.

## References
Paige Layle

**Paige Hennekam** (born August 2, 2000), publicly known as **Paige Layle**, is a Canadian activist known for her autistic rights advocacy. Their first book *But Everyone Feels This Way: How an Autism Diagnosis Saved My Life* was published on March 28, 2024. 

## Early life
Paige Layle's birth name is **Paige Hennekam**. Layle was born in Kawartha Lakes, Central Ontario on August 2, 2000. They reportedly tried to commit suicide at 15 years old due to their autism, which was later diagnosed alongside OCD and ADHD.

## Personal life
Layle uses they/them and she/her pronouns, and came out as a lesbian on February 6, 2025. Layle lives in Kawartha Lakes, working as a teacher.

### Publications
Layle's first book *But Everyone Feels This Way: How an Autism Diagnosis Saved My Life* was published on March 28, 2024.

## Notes
## References
Jennifer Carroll MacNeill

**Jennifer Carroll MacNeill** ( **Carroll**; born 5 September 1980) is an Irish Fine Gael politician and lawyer. She has been the Minister of State for European Affairs since 2024. She was Minister of State at the Department of Finance from 2022 to 2024. She has been a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dún Laoghaire constituency since the 2020 general election.

## References
Bantry

**Bantry** is a town in the civil parish of Kilmocomoge in the barony of Bantry on the southwest coast of County Cork, Ireland. 

## References
Yohani

**Yohani Diloka de Silva**, born on July 30, 1993, is a singer, rapper, and YouTuber from Sri Lanka. She started her music journey on YouTube and became famous for her rap cover of "Deviyange Bare." Her singing and rap cover earned her the nickname "Rap Princess" of Sri Lanka. She gained global fame with her cover of "Manike Mage Hithe" and became the first Sri Lankan female singer to get over 3.6 million YouTube subscribers. 

## References
Betty Castor

**Elizabeth Castor** (; born May 11, 1941) is an American educator and former Democratic politician. She was a member of the Florida Senate from 1976 to 1978 and again from 1982 to 1986. 

In 2004, Castor was the Democratic nominee for the U.S. Senate seat to replace retiring Senator Bob Graham. She lost the election to former U.S. Housing and Urban Development Secretary Mel Martinez.

## References
## Other websites
*Betty Castor Collection  at the University of South Florida
*
Glassboro, New Jersey

**Glassboro** is a borough within Gloucester County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 23,149.

## References
Hinduism-Zoroastrianism relations

There are direct links between **Hinduism and Zoroastrianism**. Many analysts of Hinduism claim that Hinduism embraces elements of all contemporary religions, Hence scriptures of Hinduism such as Vedas and Puranas, along with Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism, have incorporated and adopted significantly elements from the Avesta of Greek religion and Zoroastrianism: Asura from Ahura, Deva from Daeva, Hindu monotheism from Ahura Mazda, Varuna, Vishnu and Garuda from Agni, the heavenly juice from the drink called Soma-Haoma, the contemporary Indian and Persian war of Devasuras from Arya, Arya from Mithra, Mitra from Mithra, Dyaushpita and Jupiter from Jupiter, Yagya to Yagya, Narasanga to Narasangasa, Indra, Gandharva to Gandharva, Vajra, Vayu, Mantra, Yama, Ahuti, Hamta to Sumati etc.
## Cognate terms
The following is a list of cognate terms that may be gleaned from comparative linguistic analysis of the Rigveda and Avesta. Both collections are from the period after the proposed date of separation (c. 2nd millennium BC) of the Proto-Indo-Iranians into their respective Indic and Iranian branches.

## References
Mustapha Zaari

**Mustapha Zaari** (Arabic: مصطفى الزعري) (5 November 1945 – 3 December 2024) was a Moroccan stage, film and movie actor and comedian. The career os Zaari lasted over 50 years.

His career started in the 1960s. He also played in the movie ''The Hyena's Sun* (1976) and *Chroniques blanches'' (2009). He known for his comedic roles together with Mustapha Dassoukine. Zaari was honored at multiple national festivals throughout his career.

Zaari died in Casablanca on 3 December 2024, at the age of 79 from prostate cancer.

## References
Dolores Umbridge

]]
**Dolores Jane Umbridge** is a fictional character from the *Harry Potter* series created by J.K. Rowling. Umbridge is the secondary antagonist of the fifth novel, *Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix*. She is given a job at Hogwarts by the Ministry of Magic to take power away from Harry Potter and Albus Dumbledore because they have been informing the Wizarding World of Lord Voldemort's return.

During her time at Hogwarts, Umbridge is given more power and is promoted to High Inquisitor by the Minister for Magic in an attempt to control the school.

Critics have called Umbridge as one of the most hated villains in the series. Umbridge was played by Imelda Staunton in *Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix* and *Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1*.

## References
Philip Labonte

**Phil Labonte** is an American melodic metalcore vocalist that has fronted All That Remains and Shadows Fall. Labonte also has a death metal project called Perpetual Doom which he joined in 1993, but left after a few months to join the marines. He joined back in 1994 and then Labonte and the band released their demo.

## Musical style
Phil Labonte is known for his work in metalcore, melodic metalcore, hard rock, heavy metal, melodic death metal, and death metal

## Shadows Fall
Phil Labonte was the original vocalist for metalcore band Shadows Fall but he only appeared on their first album, "Somber Eyes to the Sky". He was asked to leave due to personal and creative differences.

## References
Volkswagen Golf Mk2

The **Volkswagen Golf Mk2** is the second generation of the compact car Volkswagen Golf. It was made from 1983 to 1992. to 1992,

From 1988 to 1991, Volkswagen made a sports model called the Golf G60 Limited.

From 1990

From 1984 to 1985,

In North America, Volkswagen made the Golf from 1985 to 1992, The Rabbit name was dropped and was replaced with Golf.

In Mexico from Volkswagen made the Golf from 1983 to 1992. In 1983, The Caribe name was dropped and was replaced with Golf.

## Engines
## Gallery

File:VW Golf 2 Red ca 1990 dept 54.JPG|1987-89 Volkswagen Golf II 5-door (France)
File:Dieppe, Seine-Maritime - France (8541935930).jpg|VW Golf 5-door rear
File:VW Golf II front 20080206.jpg|VW Golf 3-door
File:1987 Volkswagen Golf GTi 1.8 Front.jpg|1987 Volkswagen Golf GTI 3-door (UK)
File:1987 Volkswagen Golf GTi 1.8 Rear.jpg|1987 Volkswagen Golf GTI 3-door (UK)
File:RallyeGolf.jpg|Rallye Golf
File:Volkswagen Golf Country Retro Classics 2020 IMG 0310.jpg|Volkswagen Golf Country
File:'85-'86 Volkswagen Golf Diesel 5-Door -- Front.jpg|1985-1986 Golf Diesel 5-door (US), with the early square headlights
File:Volkswagen Golf Mk II 1 -- 01-22-2010.jpg|1988-89 Volkswagen Golf 3-Door (US)
File:Volkswagen GTI Mk2 3-door.jpg|1990-1992 Volkswagen GTI 3-door (US)

## References
## Other websites
*Golf at Volkswagen International
*
Volkswagen Golf Mk1

The **Volkswagen Golf Mk1** is the first generation of the compact car Volkswagen Golf. It was made from 1974 to 1983. to 1984, Volkswagen made a sports model called the Golf GTD.

From 1976

From 1979

From 1979 to 1984, Volkswagen made a sedan model called the Volkswagen Jetta.

In North America, Volkswagen made the **Rabbit**, it was made from 1978

In North America, Volkswagen made a pickup truck called the **Rabbit Pickup**, It was made from 1978 to 1984. In Europe, It was called the Volkswagen Caddy and was made from 1982 to 1992. and sports model; **Caribe Pro**, it was made from 1977 to 1987.

In South Africa, Volkswagen made the **CitiGolf**, it was made from 1984

## Engines

## Gallery

File:VW Golf I Facelift front 20081209.jpg|Golf Mk1 with improvements
File:VW Golf I Facelift rear 20081209.jpg|Golf Mk1 with improvements
File:VW Golf I front 20080208.jpg|VW Golf LX with 2 headlights
File:Volkswagen Golf Mk I GTI 001.jpg|Golf GTI Mk1
File:1979 Volkswagen Golf GTi 1.6 Rear.jpg|Golf GTI Mk1
File:1992 Volkswagen Cabriolet in white, front left.jpg|VW Golf I Cabriolet (1992 US model, front)
File:Vw golf 1 cabrio h sst.jpg|VW Golf I Cabriolet (rear)
File:G1 gtd.jpg|VW Golf GTD
File:Techno Classica 2018, Essen (IMG 9671).jpg|1980 Jetta convertible prototype
File:Volkswagen Rabbit Pickup.jpg|VW Rabbit Pickup
File:82 VW Rabbit.jpg|Volkswagen Rabbit (with improvements, 1981)
File:Volkswagen Rabbit 5-Door (Hudson).JPG|Volkswagen Rabbit (1976–1978)
File:VW Caribe L 1982 2.JPG|Volkswagen Caribe L
File:2006 Volkswagen Citi Golf 1.4 Front.jpg|Volkswagen Citi Golf

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Executive producer

An *executive producer* is one of the producers in the Entertainment industry. The Executive Producer for a movie is usually the one who talks to people with the money and convinces them to pay for the movie. The executive producer also has to make sure the Producer is doing his job. Sometimes the person who pays for the movie is called the Executive Producer. The creator of a TV show is usually called an Executive Producer for that show, no matter what they actually do in it. Sometimes, writers that have worked on a TV show for a long time are also called executive producers. Then the main executive producer is called the Showrunner. Sometimes, people whose books are turned into movies or TV shows are called executive producers. Actors on TV shows are also sometimes called Executive Producers and paid more money because of that.

In music, an executive producer is the one who convinces investors to pay for everything while the record producer works with the musicians on making music.
2024 South Korean martial law crisis

On 3 December 2024, South Korean president Yoon Suk Yeol declared martial law on a television. He accused the Democratic Party, which controls the National Assembly, of supporting North Korea and trying to destroy the country. The martial law stopped all political activities and suspended press freedom..

The Democratic Party and some members of Yoon's People Power Party disagreed with the declaration, causing protests. Later, on 4 December 2024, after security tried to stop the vote, most lawmakers in the National Assembly voted 190-0 to end martial law.

On [December 4, local time] "South Korea's cabinet ... lifted the martial law", according to the Yonhap news agency; Furthermore, the *martial law command* [that had members of the military] was broken up by the military (or "the South Korean military has  disbanded the *martial law command*"). Earlier (December 3), the *Martial Law Command* was in place and had a leader, General Park An-su (picture); He (said or) made a statement, as early as 11:00p.m. local time, about details of the martial law.

## After the end of martial law
"The head of the South Korean Army Special Forces said [that] he [ refused to follow, or] defied an order from the defence minister to drag lawmakers out of the National Assembly to enforce martial law", according to media (December 6).

The president of South Korea can not leave South Korea; He has restrictions on travel, a travel ban (as of the second week of December).

Yoon was impeached on 7 December 2024, however it did not pass. He was impeached again on 14 December, with this one being successful.

On 8 December 2024, Defense Minister Kim Yong-hyun was arrested on suspicion of committing insurrection by recommending to President Yoon to declare martial law and sending troops into the National Assembly to seize the legislature. Two days later, Kim tried to commit suicide at the detention facility he was held in.

## References
Ameerega planipaleae

The **Oxapampa poison frog** (*Ameerega planipaleae*) is a frog.  It lives in Peru.

## Home
This frog is awake during the day. People have seen it near streams and in wet places on mountains. People see the frog on the dead leaves on the ground. It can live in forest that has been destroyed and is growing back near pine farms. People saw it on small farms, passion fruit farms and chilli farms. They saw it on what used to be a fish farm. Scientists saw the frog between 1924 and 2080 meters above sea level.

The frog lives near Yanachaga-Chemillén National Park, but scientists have not written that they saw the frog inside the park.

## Danger
Scientists say this frog is in very big danger of dying out.  In some places, humans change the places where the frog lives to make farms, especially farms for chili peppers and granadilla. The chemicals that farms put on the plants to make them grow can poison the frog. People also cut down trees to get wood.

## References
Cork County Council

**Cork County Council** is the local authority of County Cork, Ireland. The council is responsible for housing and community, roads and transportation, urban planning and development and culture, and environment. The council has 55 elected members. Elections are held every five years. The head of the council has the title of Mayor. The county seat is Cork.

## References
Volkswagen Golf Mk8

The **Volkswagen Golf Mk8** also known as [*Golf eight*, or] Golf VIII, is the eighth generation of the compact car Volkswagen Golf. It was made from  2019 to the present day.

## Models 
From 2021 to the present day, Volkswagen make a estate model called the Golf Estate and Variant. 

From 2021 to the present day, Volkswagen make a sports model called the Golf e-Hybrid. to the present day, Volkswagen make a sports model called the Golf GTE.

From 2020 to the present day, Volkswagen make a sports model called the Golf GTD. to the present day, Volkswagen make a sports model called the Golf GTI. to the present day, Volkswagen make a sports model called the Golf R.

From 2021 to the present day, Volkswagen make an estate version of the Golf R called the Golf R Estate.

## Engines 
## Gallery 

File:2020 Volkswagen Golf Style 1.5 Front.jpg|Golf 5-door hatchback
File:2020 Volkswagen Golf Style 1.5 Rear.jpg|Golf 5-door hatchback rear
File:Volkswagen Golf VIII Variant IMG 4291.jpg|Golf Variant
File:Volkswagen Golf VIII Variant IMG 4289.jpg|Golf Variant rear
File:2020 Volkswagen Golf GTE S-A 1.4.jpg|Golf GTE
File:2020 Volkswagen Golf GTE Rear (1).jpg|Golf GTE rear
File:Volkswagen Golf VIII GTD IMG 4336.jpg|Golf GTD
File:Volkswagen Golf VIII GTD IMG 4337.jpg|Golf GTD rear
File:2020 Volkswagen Golf GTi TSi S-A 2.0 Front.jpg|Golf GTI
File:VW Golf GTI (VIII) – h 03012021.jpg|Golf GTI rear
File:VW Golf VIII GTI Clubsport.jpg|Golf GTI Clubsport
File:VW Golf VIII GTI Clubsport Heck.jpg|Golf GTI Clubsport rear
File:VW Golf VIII R 20210304.jpg|Golf R
File:VW Golf VIII R Heck 20210304.jpg|Golf R rear

## References
## Other websites
* Official website (United Kingdom)
Park Min-jae

**Park Min-jae** (Korean: 박민재; 25 June 1992 – 29 November 2024) was a South Korean Korean drama actor.

He was best known for his roles in dramas *Little Women* (2022) and *True to Love* (2023). He is also known for his roles in the 2023 drama '**, about the Goryeo–Khitan War based on the 2018 novel by Gil Seung-soo.

He also played in among others **' (2023), and Netflix's '''' (2022).

While not having health issues, Min-jae died while on voyage in China on 29 November 2024, at the age of 32, from a cardiac arrest. His death received worldwide media attention.

## References
Beta minus decay

*β− decay* is the decay of an element down the periodic table. It occurs when an element brings with it one too many neutrons and the element becomes unstable. What happens next is the element converts the extra neutron into a proton and releases an electron and a antineutrino. The result is that the element gets downgraded into the element that came before it. For example Carbon 10 (C10) brings one too many neutrons and decays into Boron 10 (B10).
Hong Kong independence

**Hong Kong independence** is the idea that Hong Kong should become its own country, separate from China. Hong Kong is a special region of China, which gives it some freedom to make its own rules, according to the Hong Kong Basic Law. After Hong Kong was handed over from the United Kingdom to China in 1997, many people in Hong Kong began to feel worried that China was taking away their freedoms and not allowing them to have true democracy. Supporting Hong Kong independence became illegal after the Hong Kong national security law was passed in 2020, making it harder for people to speak out in favor of independence.

## References
Chrysler Pacifica (minivan)

The **Chrysler Pacifica** is a Minivan produced by Chrysler, a brand owned by Stellantis. It was introduced in 2016 as the replacement for the Chrysler Town & Country. The Pacifica has both gasoline and plug-in hybrid versions.

## History
Chrysler announced in 2013 that it would create a new generation of its Town & Country minivan. The production was set to start in 2015, and the vehicle would be released as the 2017 model. In 2015, FCA CEO Sergio Marchionne confirmed a $2 billion investment to develop the new minivan and improve the Windsor Assembly Plant in Canada.

The new model debuted at the 2016 North American International Auto Show. It was named Pacifica instead of Town & Country to show that it was different from previous models.
## Features
The Chrysler Pacifica comes in different versions

### Gasoline-only version
The Gasoline-only version is Powered by a 3.6 L Pentastar V6 engine.

### Plug-in hybrid version
The plug-in hybrid version Has a 16 kWh battery that allows the vehicle to drive up to 33 miles (53 km) on electric power alone. This version qualifies for tax credits in the United States and other incentives.

In 2020, an all-wheel drive (AWD) option was added to the gasoline models. The Pacifica is the only minivan in North America to offer a traditional AWD system.

### Autonomous version
 Pacifica driverless minivan]]
In November 2017, Waymo, a self-driving technology company, began testing driverless vehicles using the Pacifica plug-in hybrid.

### Chrysler Voyager
Starting in 2020, lower-end trim levels of the Pacifica were sold under the name Chrysler Voyager in the United States. The Voyager name had not been used since 2016. The Voyager is only available to fleet buyers and has fewer features than the Pacifica.

## Markets
The Chrysler Pacifica is mainly sold in North America, including the United States, Canada, and Mexico. It is also available in some other regions but is primarily focused on the North American market. 

## Notes
## References
Ibrahim Saad

**Ibrahim bin Saad** (3 August 1946 – 15 November 2024) was a Malaysian politician and diplomat. He was also the Chairman of the Board of Directors at the National University of Malaysia. Ibrahim Saad served as the Member of Parliament for Tasek Gelugor from 1995 to 1999. He was Deputy Chief Minister of Penang from 1990 to 1995 and held two deputy minister positions: Deputy Minister in the Prime Minister's Department from May 1995 to November 1996, and Deputy Minister of Transport from November 1996 to 14 December 1999.
Abdul Hamid Zainal Abidin

**Abdul Hamid bin Ngah @ Zainal Abidin** (February 20, 1944 – December 30, 2014) was the former chairman of Majlis Amanah Rakyat (MARA) from July 16, 2004, to 2009. He was a Member of Parliament for Parit Buntar and served as a Minister in the Prime Minister's Department.
Hee Tien Lai

**Hee Tien Lai** (20 February 1941 – 21 February 2016) was a Malaysian politician from the Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA), a party in the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition.

Hee won the Ayer Hitam parliamentary seat in Johor in the 1974, 1978, and 1982 general elections, serving as a Member of Parliament for three terms. He was also one of the Deputy Speakers of the Dewan Rakyat from 14 June 1982 to 26 July 1983.

Hee died of a heart attack at a private hospital in George Town, Penang, on 21 February 2016, after attending his 75th birthday reunion dinner at a hotel earlier that night.

## References
List of programs broadcast by Boomerang

This is a list of television programs broadcast by Boomerang in the United States.

## Current programming
This is a list of programs currently airing on Boomerang's schedule as of  . A few of the programs are being run concurrently with Cartoon Network.

An asterisk (*) indicates that the program is also airing on MeTV Toons.
Two asterisks (**) indicate that the program is also airing on Discovery Family.

### Original programming
#### Warner Bros. Animation
### Programming from Cartoon Network/Kids' WB
#### Cartoon Network Studios
#### Warner Bros. Animation
#### Hanna-Barbera Cartoons/Turner Entertainment Co.
#### Ruby-Spears Productions
#### Others
#### Programming from Netflix
#### Preschool
## Former programming
A list of shows that have formerly ran on Boomerang. It does not include specials that are often part of a programming block.

An asterisk (*) indicate that the program is now airing on MeTV Toons.
Two asterisks (**) indicate that the program is now airing on the Checkered Past block on Adult Swim.
Three asterisks (***) indicate that the program is now airing on Discovery Family.

### Original programming
#### Warner Bros. Animation
### Acquired programming
#### Animated
#### Preschool
### Programming from Cartoon Network/Kids' WB
#### Cartoon Network Studios
#### Warner Bros. Animation
#### Hanna-Barbera Cartoons/Turner Entertainment Co.
#### Hanna-Barbera Studios Europe
#### Ruby-Spears Productions
#### Live-action
#### Preschool
#### Anthology
### Acquired programming from Cartoon Network/Kids' WB
#### Animated
#### Live-action
### Short-form programming
### Blocks
## Digital content
A list of shows that were only made available on Boomerang's SVOD subscription service prior to its shutdown in September 2024.

### Programming from Cartoon Network/Kids' WB
#### Cartoon Network Studios
#### Hanna-Barbera Cartoons
## Related pages 
* List of programs broadcast by Cartoon Network
* List of programs broadcast by Cartoonito
* List of programs broadcast by Discovery Family
* Boomerang

## Notes 
## References
Deceitful Love

**Deceitful Love** is an Italian romantic drama thriller television series. It was released on October 9, 2024 and has 6 episodes. The series was directed by Pappi Corsicato.

The story is about Gabriella, played by Monica Guerritore, a wealthy owner of a luxury hotel in Italy. After a painful divorce, she meets a much younger man named Elia, played by Giacomo Gianniotti. Their relationship grows quickly, but Gabriella's family, especially her son Stefano (played by Emanuel Caserio), is against it. What starts as a love story turns into a tale of deception, mistrust, and dark secrets.

The main cast includes:

* Monica Guerritore as Gabriella
* Giacomo Gianniotti as Elia
* Emanuel Caserio as Stefano
* Denise Capezza
* Dharma Mangia Woods

The series combines drama, romance, and thriller elements. It is praised for its strong performances, especially by Monica Guerritore and Giacomo Gianniotti, and its gripping plot.

## References
2025 Indian Premier League

The **2025 Indian Premier League** (also known as **Tata IPL 2025** for sponsorship reasons and sometimes referred to as **IPL 2025** or **IPL 18**) was the 18th season of the Indian Premier League, a franchise Twenty20 cricket league in India. It is organised by the Board of Control for Cricket in India.

Kolkata Knight Riders are the defending champions. They won their third title in the previous season.

## References
Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)

The **Italian protectorate of Albania**, also known as **Italian Albania**, the **Kingdom of Albania** or **Greater Albania**, was a protectorate and puppet state of the Kingdom of Italy that existed from 1939–1943.

## History 
in 1939, Italy invaded Albania and Italy was successful and formed a protectorate/Puppet state.

in 1940, Italy invaded Greece but were not successful. But the next year. Italy (and the axis) defeated Yugoslavia in an invasion and then managed to defeat Greece and Italian Albania annexed more land from Yugoslavia.

in 1943, Italy surrendered to the Allies and the axis launched Operation Achse. Albania would be occupied by the Germans until 1944 when Albania was liberated by the Albanian National Liberation Movement.
Tan Howe Liang

**Tan Howe Liang**,  (; 5 May 1933 – 3 December 2024) was a Chinese-born Singaporean Olympic weightlifter. He was the first Singaporean to win an Olympic Games medal. He did so in the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome where he won the silver medal in the lightweight category. He was the only Singaporean Olympic medalist until the 2008 Summer Olympics. Tan was born in Swatow, China.

Tan died on 3 December 2024 in Singapore at the age of 91.

## References
Ecaterina Oancia

**Ecaterina Oancia** (25 March 1954 &ndash; 3 December 2024) was a Romanian rowing cox. She was born in Sângeorgiu de Pădure, Romania. Oancia won a gold medal at the 1984 Summer Olympics and a silver medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics.

Oancia died on 3 December 2024 at the age of 70.

## References
Chiung Yao

**Chiung Yao** or **Qiong Yao** (; 20 April 1938 – 4 December 2024), pen name of **Chen Che** (), was a Taiwanese novelist and producer. She was seen as the most popular romance novelist in the Chinese-speaking world. Her novels have been made into more than 100 movies and TV dramas. Her best known works were *Outside the Window*, *Fire and Rain* and *My Fair Princess*. She was born in Chengdu, Republic of China. Her career began in 1962.

Chiung committed suicide on 4 December 2024 at her home in Tamsui District, New Taipei City at the age of 86.

## References
## Other websites
* Chiung Yao's official website
* 琼瑶作品集  
*
Siege of Kemah

**The Siege of Kemah** resulted in the fact that the Ottoman Empire took the Kemah Castle under the direction of the Safavid State in 1515.

## Siege
Bıyıklı Mehmed Pasha, who was currently the Governor of Erzincan, gathered his forces upon receiving the Sultan's decree and despite the winter, came to Kemah and started the siege.

The castle, which remained under siege throughout the winter, was not fired upon or attacked in general. The reason for this was the harsh winter conditions. It was impossible to bring siege cannons in the falling snow and the blizzard, as was the infantry attack. The siege had two aims: to stop the village raids of the Safavid forces in the castle and to prevent the blockaded castle from supplying food and ammunition.

When spring came, the Sultan, who was in Amasya himself, went to Kemah with the siege cannons. Thanks to the softening weather conditions, the siege army under the command of Bıyıklı Mehmed Pasha also launched attacks on the castle and reduced the resistance of the defenders. With the arrival of the Sultan and the main army, the old walls of the castle could not withstand the bombardments, and some places were breached. On Saturday, May 19, the castle was captured with a general assault on the breaches that were opened.

Hoca Sadeddin Efendi wrote the following verses for the siege in his book Tacü't-Tevârih:

Tüfenk dumanından bulut oluştu gökte
kötülükte azanın indi taş ensesine
Kızılbaş her yakadan başın çekti içe
Çünkü boğulayazdı o kan denizinde
Yedi muştayı bir anda parlak kılıçtan
Kalmadı kalede tek kişi kızılbaştan

## See Also
Attack of Baghdad (1812)

## References
Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah

**Ndemupelila Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah** (born 29 October 1952) is a Namibian politician who has been the 5th and current President of Namibia since 2025. She won the 2024 presidential election. She is Namibia's first female president. She was the third vice-president of Namibia from 2024 until 2025.

## Life 
Netumbo Nandi was born on 29 October 1952 in Onamutai, South West Africa (now Namibia). Her parents were Justina Nekoto Shaduka-Nandi and Petrus Nandi. Her father was a priest in the Anglican Church. She was the ninth of 13 children. She went to school at St. Mary's Mission in Odibo.

## References
Sack of Tabriz

The city of Tabriz in South Azerbaijan changed hands between the Ottomans and Russia several times during World War I.

The city of Tabriz in southern Azerbaijan changed hands between the Ottomans and Russia several times during World War I.

## See also
* Battle of Sahela
* Enver Pasha
* World War 1

## Events
### 1914
At the beginning of the war, Tabriz had been in the hands of Russian forces since the Russian invasion in 1911. On June 31, 1914, three days after the war began, the Iranian government declared its neutrality. Despite this, when the Russians began their operations in the autumn, they sent an additional 50,000 soldiers to the force already in southern Azerbaijan, increasing the number to 60,000.
### 1915
On January 2, 1915, while the Battle of Sarikamis in Caucasus was ongoing, the Ottomans began an expedition into Iran, forcing the Russian forces to retreat to Julfa. During this expedition, the Ottoman forces occupied Tabriz.

With new forces, the Russians defeated the Ottoman forces south of Julfa and regained control of Tabriz in early February 1915. The Russians advanced westward, occupying Urmia and advancing as far as Lake Van. At the same time, the Russians entered central Iran, occupying Qazvin, Karaj and Tehran.
### 1917
After the February Revolution of 1917, the Russian forces in the front lines dispersed and began to withdraw from Iran. Ottoman forces moved swiftly and occupied South Azerbaijan and Tabriz. 
### 1918
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland They remained in Tabriz until 23 August 1918, despite British efforts to force their withdrawal.

## References
Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor

**Joseph II** (13 March 1741 - 20 February 1790) was Holy Roman Emperor from 18 August 1765 and sole ruler of the Habsburg monarchy from 29 November 1780 until his death. He was the eldest son of Empress Maria Theresa and her husband, Emperor Francis I. He is the brother of Marie Antoinette, Leopold II, Maria Carolina of Austria, and Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma. He was the first ruler in the Austrian dominions of the union of the houses of Habsburg and Lorraine, styled Habsburg-Lorraine.

Joseph was a proponent of enlightened absolutism; however, his commitment to secularizing, liberalizing and modernizing reforms resulted in significant opposition, which resulted in failure to fully implement his programs. Meanwhile, despite making some territorial gains, his reckless foreign policy badly isolated Austria. He has been ranked with Catherine the Great of Russia and Frederick the Great of Prussia as one of the three great Enlightenment monarchs. False but influential letters depict him as a somewhat more radical philosophe than he probably was. His policies are now known as Josephinism.

He was a supporter of the arts, particularly of composers such as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Antonio Salieri. He died with no known surviving legitimate offspring and was succeeded by his younger brother Leopold II.

## References
Marijke Ferguson

**Marijke Ferguson** (1 November 1927 – 29 November 2024) was a Dutch musician and radio presenter.

Furguson founded music ensemble  that existed between 1965 and 2000. As a radio presenter Ferguson worked for 26 years for the Dutch national Nederlandse Omroep Stichting (NOS), untill her retirement in 1993. Afterwards she worked for the  (*Radio Muziek-essay* and *Antiqua versus Nova*). She taught for thirty years at the Conservatorium van Amsterdam.

Ferguson died in  on 29 November 2024, at the age of 97.

## References
Khan Khana Invasion of Mewar

After Shahbaz Khan was appointed as the Governor of Ajmer, Khan Khana Abdur Rahim was made the Governor of Mewar. He wasn't as active as Shahbaz Khan taking advantage of this situation Rana Pratap and his son Amar Singh re-captured various fortress that were once lost to Mughals.

He then attacked Dewair, which was under Sultan Khan Ghori, and defeated him, killing him in 1582. This victory changed the course of events for Pratap. He also attacked the Mughal outposts of Amet and Madariya, which had been left completely by their commanders. In 1583, he recaptured Kumbhalgarh after defeating its Mughal commander, Abdullah Khan. In a short time, Maharana Pratap regained control of all of western Mewar.

## Related pages
*Battle of Dewair
*Battle of Haldighati
*Jagannath Kachhawa Invasion of Mewar 

## References
Ameerega pongoensis

***Ameerega pongoensis*** is a frog.  It lives in Peru.

## Home
This frog lives in forest that has never been cut down, forest that has been destroyed and is growing back, near streams where the water moves slowly. Scientists saw the frog between 200 and 800 meters above sea level.

The frog lives in at least two protected parks: Cordillera Azul National Park and Cordillera Escalera Regional Conservation Area.

## Young
The tadpoles swim in streams where the water moves slowly.

## Danger
Scientists say this frog is in some danger of dying out.  Humans change the places where the frog lives to make farms, especially palm farms. People also catch this frog and sell it outside of Peru, even though this is against the law.

## References
Beaufort West

**Beaufort West** is a town in the Western Cape province in South Africa. It is the largest town in the arid Great Karoo region, and is known as the "Capital of the Karoo". It forms part of the Beaufort West Local Municipality, with 34,085 inhabitants in 2011.
## References
Hans Hammerschmid

**Hans Hammerschmid** working under the name **Henry Stuck** (12 March 1930 – 30 November 2024) was an Austrian composer and pianist.

From the 1960s he composed music for German television series including *Das Kriminalmuseum*, *Der Alte*, *Derrick*, *Insel der Träume* and *Das Traumschiff* He was most known of composing the music for German TV series *Die Schwarzwaldklinik* and movies *Red Dawn* (2012), *Before I Die* (2012) and *30 Minutes or Less* (2011). His most known song was ''''. The song was also selected by Angela Merkel as one of the three songs during her farewell ocaasion as Chancellor. He was awarded in 2016 the Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria.

Hammerschmid died in Gräfelfing on 30 November 2024, at the age of 94.

## References
Municipal Corporation of Delhi

**Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD)** is a major municipal body in Delhi, India, responsible for providing civic services to a significant portion of the city's population. As one of the largest municipal corporations globally, it serves approximately 20 million residents in an area spanning **1,397.3 square kilometers**.

## History 
**Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD)** started on **7 April 1958** after an Act of Parliament was passed. Before this, the main civic body in Delhi was called the **Delhi Municipal Committee (DMC)**.

## References
Phil Anselmo

**Philip Hansen Anselmo** (born June 30, 1968) is an American heavy metal musician best known as the lead singer for Pantera, Down, and Superjoint, amongst other musical projects. He is the owner of Housecore Records.

## Musical style
Phil Anselmo has performed many genres of music over the course of his 43 year long music career. He is primarily known for his work in groove metal and heavy metal as a whole, but is also known for his work in sludge metal, black metal, death metal, hardcore punk, glam metal, blackened death metal, and thrash metal. He got his start in a hard rock group as known as .

## References
Liberation of Yugoslavia

The **Liberation of Yugoslavia** was the time in the last few months of World War II where Axis-occupied Yugoslavia was liberated by the Yugoslav Partisans and (partially) the Soviet Red Army. At this point, Yugoslavia was under occupation by Germany and other axis powers and puppet states. Resistance movements like Titos partisans had been fighting against the Axis since the 1941 invasion of Yugoslavia for 3 years. But now when the Soviets were advancing in the Balkans, they crossed the border into Yugoslavia on 30 September 1944, Belgrade was liberated by partisan and Soviet forces on 20 October 1944, almost a month after the Soviets crossed the border. At the same time, The Germans were evacuating Macedonia and Albania. Skopje was liberated by partisan and Bulgarian forces on 13 November 1944 and the Albanian partisans liberated their country at the end of the month. On 7 March 1945, the Yugoslav Committee of National Liberation and the Yugoslav government-in-exile merged into the Provisional Government of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia and also formed the partisans into the Yugoslav People's Army with 4 army's (1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th) on the frontlines. The next month in April, Sarajevo was liberated on the 6th. The Yugoslavs liberated Istria on 1 May 1945 and linked up with the New Zealanders. Germany surrendered on 8 May 1945, ending the European theatre of World War II officially, but the last Axis forces in Yugoslavia surrendered on 25 May 1945 at the Battle of Odžak.

## Notes
Kerry Shale

**Kerry Shale** (born 4 June 1952 He is the co-host of *Is It Rolling, Bob? Talking Dylan*, a podcast about Bob Dylan.

## Early life
Kerry Shale was born on 4 June 1952.

## Filmography
### Film
### Television
### Video games
## References
## Other websites
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