Battle of the Japan Sea (movie)

***Nihonkai daikaisen*** ( ***Battle of the Japan Sea***) is a 1969 Japanese war drama film directed by Seiji Maruyama and produced by Tomoyuki Tanaka. Set between 1904 and 1905, Japan and Russia clash in what comes to be known as the Russo-Japanese War. An attempt by the Japanese fleet and army to take Port Arthur fails, and a Russian fleet bears down on the Sea of Japan.

Veteran screenwriter Toshio Yasumi wrote the script and Seiji Maruyama (who had filmed Rengo kantai shirei chôkan: Yamamoto Isoroku in 1968) directed the film. Special effects director Eiji Tsuburaya of "Destroy All Monsters" worked on the set and Hiroshi Murai of "Nikudan" was in charge of filming the scenes.

The concurrent screening work is "Konto 55-Gō jinrui no dai jakuten", directed by Jun Fukuda.

## Overview 
It is said to be the third work in the "Toho 8/15 series", but unlike the two previous war films, this one take place during the Russo-Japanese War. From the beginning of the war, to General Nogi Maresuke's troops attack Port Arthur, and the combined fleet led by Admiral Togo Heihachiro at the Battle of Tsushima to defeats the Baltic Fleet led by Vice Admiral Zinovy Rozhestvensky.

## Special Effects 
This work was the last film in which Eiji Tsuburaya participated it as special effects director. The ship miniature mobilized 60 art designers and 107 ships were prepared for the movie.

In addition, the miniature of the battleship Mikasa was made up to 13 meters.

In the naval battle scene, considering that the power of the bullets is weaker at the time of the Russo-Japanese War than during the Pacific War, the water column is expressed by freon gas.

## Plot 
During the late 19th century, the Qing dynasty continued to disintegrate in turmoil due to corruption, peasant unrest, ruler incompetence, and population growth which led to food shortages and regular famine. In 1900 during the Boxer Rebellion, the Eight Nation Alliance (Britain, United States, Germany, France, Russia, Japan, Italy and Austria-Hungary) joined forces together to occupied many ports and cities in China. However, only Russia kept its troops in Manchuria and set up their railway line which caused tensions with Japan over the sphere of influence.

At the Imperial Conferences meeting with Emperor Meiji, they sent an ultimatum to recognize Russian dominance in Manchuria in exchange for recognition of Korea being within the Japanese sphere of influence. Finally, diplomatic relations between two countries began to get worse. Togo Heihachiro, Admiral of the Fleet in the Imperial Japanese Navy, was eyeing Lushunkou (Port Arthur) and the movement of the Russian Pacific Fleet in Vladivostok, and devised a secret plan. He got reports that Captain Takeo Hirose, commanding the old cargo vessel *Fukui Maru* and several ships, was spotted by the Russian fleet squadron and was hit, destroying the ship and killing Hirose. Many officers and sailors managed to escape from the Battle of Port Arthur. War was declared after the first naval battle. The Japanese Navy won its first battle against the Russians.

In the meantime, Japanese troops deployed from Korea to Manchuria. The First Army under General Kuroki Tamemoto landed on Incheon to occupied Seoul and began marching north to meet the Russian army at the Yalu River. After defeating them, the Third Army led by General Nogi Maresuke march on to Port Arthur and began the siege. The Russian Navy was unable to relieve the siege after they were defeated again by the Japanese squadron at Chemulpo Bay. On October 20, the Baltic Fleet left the port of Rabaul.

Togo decided that the enemy ships would appear in the Sea of Japan and dragged the combined fleet inland. On New Year's Day, five months after the attack began, General Nogi planned an attack on 203 Hill, trying to capture the fortress. However, the commander of Port Arthur Anatoly Stessel managed to hold off the attack by setting up machine guns, artillery positions, land mines, and searchlights. The Japanese continued to attack the fortress until the defense commander Roman Kondratenko was killed by artillery shells and Stessel had no choice but to surrender the fortress to General Nogi.

Around this time, Akashi Motojiro, an intelligence officer in Stockholm (Sweden), learned that the route of the Baltic Fleet would be determined by Russian Vice Admiral Zinovy Rozhestvensky. They discovered the Baltic Fleet headed off to the Goto Islands. Seven days later, Admiral Togo, who hoisted the Z flag on board the flagship Mikasa, took an intrepid tactic that took a big turn in front of the Russians. A fierce battle at Tsushima brought a great victory to the Japanese fleet. People of Japan who are excited about victory and the Russians are forced to surrender in the Treaty of Portsmouth on September 5, 1905. This resulted in Russia  a bloody revolution by mass demonstrations over the defeat.  However, Togo could not forget the true "fear of battle" by winning the war.

## Staff 
* Producer: Tomoyuki Tanaka
* Director: Seiji Maruyama
* Special Effects: Eiji Tsuburaya (special effects director), Noriyoshi Inoue (special effects art director), Yôichi Manoda (special effects cinematographer), Hiroshi Mukoyama (matte compositions), Fumio Nakadai (wire manipulator), Teruyoshi Nakano (special effects assistant), Yoshiyuki Norimasa (matte process photography), Motoyoshi Tomioka  (special effects cinematographer)  (credited as Sokei Tomioka)
* Screenwriter: Toshio Yasumi
* Cinematographer: Hiroshi Murai
* Composer: Masaru Sato
* Sound Department: Minoru Kaneyama (sound effects editor), Noboru Yoshioka (sound recordist)
* Camera and Electrical Department: Toshio Takashima (lighting technician), Iwao Yamazaki (still photographer)
* Production Designer: Takeo Kita

## Cast 
* Toshiro Mifune as Tōgō Heihachirō (Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Fleet)
* Yūzō Kayama as Major Takeo Hirose
* Tatsuya Nakadai as Colonel Akashi Motojiro
* Toshio Kurosawa as First Class Soldier Miyoshi Maeyama
* Ban Kojika as Magoshichi Sugino
* Keiji Higashiyama as Mr. Fujimoto
* Akira Kubo as Kikuisami Matsui (based on Kikuisami Matsumura)
* Makoto Satō as Chief of Artillery Kiyokazu Abo
* Susumu Fujita as Admiral Kamimura Hikonojō
* Akihiko Hirata as Staff Officer Koreshige Tsunoda
* Yoshio Tsuchiya as Staff Officer Akiyama Saneyuki 
* Jun Funato as Staff Officer Kumaji Yamaoka
* Kenji Sahara as Deputy Director of *Shinano Maru*, Hikosaburo Maruhashi
* Yoshifumi Tajima as Colonel Hikojirō Ijichi
* Hiroshi Koizumi as Ministry of Foreign Affairs Shin'ichirō Kurino 
* Jun Tazaki as Shimaji Hashiguchi (Miyakojima islander)
* Eijiro Yanagi as Itō Hirobumi
* Takeshi Katō as Chief of Staff Katō Tomosaburō
* Toru Abe as Lieutenant Colonel Genjiro Suji  (1st Regiment of Konoe Infantry)
* Masao Shimizu as Director the Navy Totsuka Tamaki
* Gen Shimizu as Colonel Akira Narukawa
* Ryuji Kita as Admiral Kataoka Shichirō
* Kanta Mori as Chief of Staff Ijichi Kōsuke
* Gen Takamori as Major Nagata Yasujirō
* Haruo Nakajima as Staff of the First Fleet (uncredited)
* Seiji Matsuyama as Matsu (Miyakojima youth)
* Shin Tatsuoka as Minister for Foreign Affairs of Japan Inoue Kaoru
* Takamaru Sasaki as Advisor Kuki Ryūichi
* Kiyoshi Kodama as Captain Yamamoto Shinjiro
* Yoshio Inaba as Chief of Staff Shimamura Hayao
* Ken Mitsuda as President of the Japanese Privy Council Yamagata Aritomo
* Kose Itaru as Lieutenant Colonel Kariba Umi
* Jun'ichirô Mukai, Naoya Kusakawa as Staffs of the 1st Fleet
* Shigeo Katô as Public speaker, Miyakojima residents (uncredited)
* Akio Kusama as Minister, Resident who sees off the Hitachi Maru (uncredited)
* Yasuo Araki as Major Yamagata
* Toyohiko Sata as Fisherman Hayafune
* Kōji Iwamoto as Hitachi Maru officer
* Kazuo Suzuki as Miyakojima fisherman
* Chôtarô Tôgin as Ship gunner 
* Seishirō Kuno as Lieutenant Tsukamoto
* Kenzaburô Ôsawa as Artillery gunner
* Ken Echigo (Mikasa staff officer)
* Yutaka Oka as Commander of the Shiroda Sukitai (White Coat) team
* Yōko Yano as Matsu's wife
* Noriko Honma as Old woman at a candy store
* Ted Gunther as Shriax
* Jacob Japiro as Informant
* Harold Conway as Captain John Campbell
* Osman Yusuf as Russian naval officer
* Peter Williams as Commander Nikolai Nebogatov
* Andrew Hughes as Admiral Zinovy Rozhestvensky (General Commander of Baltic Fleet)
* Hans Horneff as Admiral Nikolai Kolomeitsev 
* Robert Dunham as Aide to Admiral Alekseyev (uncredited)
* Ralph Jesser as Staff Officer of the Baltic Fleet  
* Ryutaro Tatsumi as Minister of Navy Yamamoto Gonnohyōe
* Mitsuko Kusabue as Kaeda Tetsu
* Chishū Ryū as Nogi Maresuke
* Matsumoto Hakuō I as Emperor Meiji
* Tatsuya Jô as Narrator

## Video software 
The DVD version of the film was released by Toho Video on Jan 25, 2005