open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Felis

***Felis*** is a genus of small cats in the family Felidae. They include the familiar domestic cat and its closest wild relatives. The wild species are found in Europe, southern and central Asia, and Africa. The domestic cat, which may have its origin in North Africa, is now worldwide.

Members of the genus *Felis* are all small felines, rather similar to the domestic cat. The smallest species is the sand cat, which may be less than  in length, while the largest is the jungle cat, which can reach . They live in many habitats: forests, grassland, swampland and deserts. They mostly feed on small rodents, supplementing their diet with birds and other small animals, depending on their local environment.

Genetic studies indicate that the genus *Felis* first evolved around eight to ten million years ago, probably in the Mediterranean region.

## Species
The genus *Felis* is currently considered to consist of six living species, although the domestic cat and Chinese mountain cat are sometimes considered subspecies of *F. silvestris*. 

* *Felis chaus* (Schreber, 1777) &ndash; jungle cat
* *Felis margarita* (Loche, 1858) &ndash; sand cat
* *Felis nigripes* (Burchell, 1824) &ndash; black-footed cat
* *Felis silvestris* (Schreber, 1775) &ndash; wildcat
* *Felis catus* (Linnaeus, 1758) &ndash; domestic cat (sometimes *Felis silvestris catus*)
* *Felis bieti* (Milne-Edwards, 1892) &ndash; Chinese mountain cat 
* *Felis attica* (Wagner, 1857) &ndash; (extinct)
* *Felis lunensis* (Martelli, 1906) &ndash; Martelli's cat (extinct)

## Other small cats 
Small cats are those smaller than the cheetah. These are small cats classified under other genera than *Felis*:
**Caracal*: western and south Asia and Africa
**Leopardus*: the small cats of the Americas, such as the Margay and the Ocelot
**Leptailurus*: the Serval, southern Africa
**Lynx*: Eurasia
**Pardofelis*: southeast Asia
**Prionailurus*: Asia
**Profelis*: African golden cat, rainforests only

## References
Filicide

and His Son Ivan on November 16th, 1581.*, a painting of the filicide by Ilya Yefimovich Repin.]]
**Filicide** is the act of a parent killing his or her son or daughter. The word *filicide* comes from the Latin words *filius* meaning "son" or *filia* meaning "daughter" and the suffix *-cide'' meaning "to kill, murder or cause death".

Famous cases of filicides include Peter the Great, who had his son Alexei tortured and killed; Wu Zetian, who is said to have killed her own daughter to frame her lover's wife; and Susan Smith, who murdered her two sons.

## Related pages 
* Homicide is the killing of any human
* Infanticide is the killing of an infant

## References
Théophile de Donder

**Théophile Ernest de Donder** (1872–1957) was a Belgian mathematician and physicist. He was famous for work in making connections between the concepts of chemical affinity and free energy. He is said to have been the first to address the thermodynamics of irreversible processes.  De Donder’s work was later developed further by Ilya Prigogine. De Donder was an associate and friend of Albert Einstein.

## References
Aragua River

**Aragua River** is in Libertador municipality of the state Aragua in Venezuela. It starts north of the city of La Victoria at the meeting of the San Carlos and Gabante. The mouth is located in lake of Valencia (10º 10' 38" N - 67º 36' 14" W). It is  long. It goes through the towns of La Victoria, San Mateo, Cagua, La Encrucijada and Palo Negro.

## References
## Other websites
* Wikimapia: Río Aragua
List of Arsenal F.C. players

The **List of Arsenal F.C. players** is .  The history of the team is created by its players.

Arsenal F.C. is an English Premier League club in Holloway, North London. 

## Players
### First-team squad
#### UEFA Reserve squad
## Former players 
The "100 Club" is an honour given by Arsenal. It is to formally recognise retired players with over 100 league appearances. As of September 2016, 75 living players have been inducted with a further 26 automatically enrolled once they end their careers.

David O'Leary has played the most games. Between 1975 and 1993, he played 722 times for the club. 

Thierry Henry has the goalscoring record. He scored 228 goals in all competitions between 1999 and 2007 and during a loan spell with the club in 2012. The previous record was held by Ian Wright.

### Famous former players
 on 22 February 2014]]
*Alan Smith
*Alex James (footballer)
*Charlie George
*Cliff Bastin
*David Seaman
*Dennis Bergkamp
*Frank McLintock
*Liam Brady
*Pat Jennings
*Patrick Vieira
*Tony Adams

## Related pages
* List of English Premier League clubs

## References 
## Other websites
* Arsenal website
Susan Smith

**Susan Leigh Vaughan Smith** (born September 26, 1971) is an American murderess.  She was born in Union, South Carolina, and was a former student of the University of South Carolina Union. She was sentenced to life in prison on July 22, 1995 for killing her two sons on October 25, 1994.

The sons were 3-year-old Michael Daniel Smith, born October 10, 1991, and 14-month-old Alexander Tyler Smith, born August 5, 1993. At the time of the murders, Smith was estranged from her husband and had a boyfriend who did not want children in his life. She believed that by killing her children, her boyfriend would want a long-term relationship with her.

## Case 
The case gained worldwide attention after it was broadcast live. Smith told police that an African American man carjacked, and kidnapped her sons. Several weeks later, she confessed that she drove her car into a nearby lake. She got out of the car, and watched her sons drown inside the car. Smith later said that she suffered from mental illnesses, which made her kill her sons.

Smith's defense psychiatrist diagnosed her with dependent personality disorder and depression.

According to the South Carolina Department of Corrections, Smith will be  for  on November 4, 2024, after serving at least of thirty years.  She is currently at South Carolina's Leath Correctional Institution, near Greenwood.

In 2010, *Deadly Women* told the story of what happened that night, focusing on Smith's case and other parents that have killed their children.

## Related pages 
* Charles Smith, an American criminal who killed his wife using an axe in 1916 in Dubois, Idaho.

## References 
## Books
*
*

## Other websites
* U.S. News Year in Review - Susan Smith Trial - Dec. 28, 1995 - CNN
* Michael & Alexander Smith memorial at Findagrave
Gina Rinehart

**Gina Rinehart** (born 9 February 1954) is an Australian mining company owner and billionaire.  She is among the world's richest women.

## Early life
Georgina Hancock was born in Perth, Western Australia. She is the only child of Lang Hancock (1909-1992).

## Career
She is the head of Hancock Prospecting.

She inherited the company from her father.

## References
List of Montedio Yamagata players

The **Montedio Yamagata** is .  The history of the team is created by its players.

Montedio Yamagata is a Japanese professional football club in Yamagata Prefecture.

## List
:*This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.*

### 2012 team
There are 27 men on the 2012 team, including
* Masaru Akiba
* Hiroki Bandai
* Yuji Funayama
* Tatsuya Ishikawa
* Tomotaka Kitamura
* Ryo Kobayashi
* Kazuya Maeda
* Takuya Miyamoto
* Katsuyuki Miyazawa
* Yuki Nakashima
* Shogo Nishikawa
* Kenta Shimizu
* Yuta Suzuki
* Masato Yamazaki

## Related pages 
* Sports in Japan
* List of Japanese football teams

## References
## Other websites
* Montedio Yamagata website 
* J.League Club Guide
Conic section

s, ellipse*s*, including circles, and hyperbolas]]

In geometry, when a cone and a plane intersect, a **conic section** results. 

;Preliminary: In  elementary geometry, cones are assumed to be **right circular**. *Circular* means that the base is a circle and *right* means that the axis passes through the centre of the base at right angles to its plane. Contrasted with right cones are oblique cones, in which the axis does not pass perpendicularly through the centre of the base.  

;Definition: A conic is the curve got by intersecting a plane, called the cutting plane, with a cone. The cone is a right circular cone for easy description, but any double cone with some circular cross-section will do. 

There are three different types of sections, the parabola, the hyperbola and the ellipse. The circle is a special case of an ellipse. Sometimes the circle is mentioned as a fourth type, because calculating with a circle is easier than with an ellipse, most of the time.

The conic sections are known at least since 200 BC,  when Apollonius of Perga (~262 BC to ~190 BC) studied of their properties. They came to more attention when mathematicians discovered that the solutions of the two-body problem were conic sections.

## References
Randstad

File:Randstad.png|400px|thumb|right|Clickable schematic map of the Randstad.
circle 528 380 26 Schiphol
rect 426 356 498 436 Haarlemmermeer 
rect 399 166 479 245 Velsen
circle 250 716 32 Delft
circle 220 642 60 The Hague
circle 456 569 27 Alphen aan den Rijn 
circle 555 201 52 Zaanstad
circle 999 168 42 Lelystad
circle 798 474 29 Hilversum
circle 492 692 34 Gouda
circle 347 654 31 Zoetermeer
circle 944 532 40 Amersfoort
circle 521 24 33 Alkmaar
circle 442 294 44 Haarlem
circle 466 943 36 Dordrecht
circle 334 537 30 Leiden
circle 840 314 50 Almere
rect 245 738 400 869 Rotterdam
rect 13 725 81 789 Port of Rotterdam
rect 82 749 116 788 Port of Rotterdam
rect 117 778 148 803 Port of Rotterdam
rect 120 804 209 835 Port of Rotterdam
rect 158 826 247 857 Port of Rotterdam
circle 742 617 53 Utrecht (city)
circle 615 324 88 Amsterdam

The **Randstad** is a conurbation in the western Netherlands. It covers the provinces of North Holland, South Holland, Flevoland and Utrecht. Big cities in the Randstad are Amsterdam, Haarlem, Leiden, Den Haag, Delft, Rotterdam, Dordrecht, Gouda, Utrecht, Hilversum and Almere. The term Randstad was first used by Albert Plesman, the founder of KLM. When he looked at it from the air, he saw that cities nearly form a circle. The Randstad covers about 20% of the area of the Netherlands. More than 40% of the population of the Netherlands live there. The cities in the Randstad are between  (Den Haag - Rotterdam) and  (Amsterdam - Rotterdam) apart. In the center is an area known as Groene Hart. Relatively few people live there.
Ivo Karlović

**Ivo Karlović** (born February 29, 1979) is a Croatian professional tennis player. Ivo became pro in 2000. He was born in Zagreb, Croatia. Ivo play tennis right hand, one hand backhand.

## Sources
* ATP Profile

## Other websites
* Karlovic`s official website 
* ATP Profile
Bad Girls Club (season 8)

**Bad Girls Club Season 8** is the eight season of the American television series *The Bad Girls Club*. It aired on January 23, 2012 until May 7, 2012. It was filmed in Las Vegas, Nevada.Camilla

## Cast 
### Original Bad Girls
 : Age at the time of filming.

### Replacement Bad Girls 
## References
Bad Girls Club (season 9)

**Bad Girls Club Season 9** is the ninth season of the American television series *Bad Girls Club*. It was broadcast on July 9, 2012 and is currently airing on Oxygen. It was filmed in Mexico.

## Cast 
### Original Bad Girls
### Replacement Bad Girls 
### Timeline of Cast 
**Notes**

Key:  = “Bad Girl” appears on this episode.

Key:  = “Bad Girl” leave the house.

Key:  = “Bad Girl” remove from the house.

Key:  = “Bad Girl” replacement arrives.

: Age at the time of filming. 

## References
Puperita pupa

***Puperita pupa*** is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Neritidae, the nerites.

## Description
Shell is globular, not presenting short spire, there are 2 to 3 turns, the outer lip is thin and sharp, columellar area is polished and has a broad wall fell. The mayor know specimens reach the 10.6&nbsp;mm. Its coloration is characterized by axial bands black and white like a zebra, the opening is gray and ocher like parietal callus area and the operculum is bright yellow 

## Distribution
Puperita pupa is a gastropod mollusk widely distributed in the area of Caribbean Sea:
Cayman Islands, Dominica.

## References
## Other website
* ZipcodeZoo.com: *Puperita pupa* (Zebra Nerite)
1899 San Ciriaco hurricane

The **1899 San Ciriaco hurricane** was the longest hurricane in the Atlantic on record and second longest recorded anywhere in the world. This storm packed winds of 150 mph. It caused serious destruction in the Caribbean and North Carolina. The storm took more than 3,400 lives. This hurricane happened in August 1899.
David Hockney

**David Hockney** OM CH RA (born 9 July 1937) is a British artist. He was born in Bradford, West Riding of Yorkshire. An important contributor to the pop art movement of the 1960s, he is one of the most influential artists of the 20th century. He is openly gay.

Hockney's 1972 work *Portrait of an Artist (Pool with Two Figures)* sold at auction and broke the world record for a living artist on 15 November 2018 when it sold for $90 million (£70 million) at Christie's auction house New York City.

## References
Yojōhan Shinwa Taikei

**Yozyouhan Sinwa Taikei** is a Japanese novel. It was written by Tomihiko Morimi. In 2010, it was adapted to an animated work and broadcast by Noitamina.

## Outline
At Kyoto University, a male student tries to change his life. The story differs somewhat between the original novel and the anime adaptation.

## Novel
The novel is organized into separate stories.
* **1st story** The main character belongs to a movie club.
* **2nd story** The main character becomes a pupil of Mr. Higuchi.
* **3rd story** The main character belongs to a softball club.
* **4th story** The main character belongs to secret organization.

## Anime
The anime is organized into separate stories.
* **1st story** The main character belongs to tennis club "Cupid."
* **2nd story** The main character belongs to the movie club "Misogi."
* **3rd story** The main character belongs to the cycling club "Soreiyu."
* **4th story** The main character becomes a pupil to Mr. Higuchi.
* **5th story** The main character belongs to a softball club "Honwaka."
* **6th story** The main character belongs to an English conversation club "Joy English."
* **7th story** The main character belongs to a Hero show club.
* **8th story** The main character belongs to the reading club "SEA."
* **9th story** The main character belongs to the secret organization "Fukuneko Hanten."
* **10th story** The main character does not leave his room.
* **11th story** Pleasure to see.

## Other websites
*
*TV anime's official website
Nimravidae

The **Nimravidae** is an extinct family in the Carnivora. It is a type of cat-like mammal in the suborder Feliformia.
They lived in North America, Europe, and Asia from the Eocene through the Miocene epochs, 42–20 million years ago (mya). They lasted for about 22 million years.

Although some nimravids physically resembled the sabre-toothed cats of genus *Smilodon*, they were not closely related, but evolved a similar form through parallel evolution.

The ancestors of nimravids and felids diverged from their common ancestor about 50 mya. Most had muscular, low-slung, catlike bodies, but with shorter legs and tails.

## Teeth 
Some nimravids did evolve into large toothed cat-like forms with massive flattened upper canines and mandibular flanges. Others had teeth similar to modern cats, with smaller canines. Some had canines more intermediate relationship between the saber-toothed cats and felids. These differences must have reflected different methods of attacking their prey.

Not only did nimravids have varied tooth styles, but they also showed the same range of size size and shape as felids. Some were leopard-sized, others the size of today's lions and tigers, and one had the short face, rounded skull and smaller canines of the modern cheetah.

## References
Virginia Cruzon

**Virginia Cruzon** (May 25, 1921 - August 21, 2010) was an American actress and model. She began her career in show business, in the early 1940s, by doing "extra work" and "hand inserts" in movies. Cruzon worked as a "Glamour Lovely" at the Earl Carroll Theater in Hollywood. She was chosen as a “Goldwyn Girl” by MGM Studios. She was one of the "Twelve Featured Show Girls" in the movie *Ziegfeld Girl*. Virginia appeared in the movies *Down to Earth* with Rita Hayworth and *Up in Arms* with Danny Kaye. Her last movie performance was in 1969, with Elvis Presley in the movie *Charro!*. Virginia Cruzon died of natural causes, at the age of 89, at her home in Laramie, Wyoming.

## References
*

## Other websites
*
Awake (TV series)

***Awake*** is an American television crime drama. It originally aired on Fox for one season from March 1 to May 24, 2012. The main character in the show is Michael Britten (Jason Isaacs), a detective who works for the Los Angeles Police Department. Kyle Killen created the series. Killen is also an executive producer along with David Slade, for "Pilot."  Jeffrey Reiner and Howard Gordon continued with Killen, under his Teakwood Lane Productions label. On May 11, 2012, after eleven of the thirteen produced episodes were aired, the show was canceled. However, it still finished airing the remaining episodes in the original time slot. Even though the series' did not last very long, many people liked the series enough to create the "Save *Awake*" campaign to convince networks to revive the show.
I-League

The **I-League** is an association football league which is the second division in India.

## History
The league was established in 2007.

## Clubs in the 2012-13 season
## Champions 
## References
Antillesoma

***Antillesoma*** is a genus of peanut worms Phylum Sipuncula. The genus belongs to the family Phascolosomatidae *Antillesoma* was described in 1973 by Stephen and Edmonds.

## Species
* *Antillesoma antillarum* (Grube, 1858) 

## References
## Other website 
* Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS): *Antillesoma* Stephen and Edmonds, 1972 Taxonomic Serial No.: 772462
* National Centrer of Biotechnology Information (NCBI): *Antillesoma* Taxonomy ID: 210780
SpongeBob SquarePants season 10

The tenth season of ***SpongeBob SquarePants*** was on television from October 15, 2016 to January 30, 2018. The season began with the episodes "Whirly Brains" and "Mermaid Pants." It ended with the episodes "Feral Friends" and "Don't Wake Patrick". Stephen Hillenburg, the show's creator, was the season's executive producer. Marc Ceccarelli and Vincent Waller were the supervising producers.

The tenth season won the 2017 Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards for Favorite Cartoon. The season was released to DVD on October 15, 2019.

## Episodes

## DVD release 
The DVD boxset for season ten was released by Paramount Home Entertainment and Nickelodeon in the United States and Canada on October 15, 2019. This is the only DVD set so far to not include any bonus features.

## Notes
## References
## Other websites
*Season 10 at Metacritic
Burmese python

The ***Python bivittatus*** (or **Burmese python**) is one of the fifth largest snakes in the world. It is native to a large variation of tropic and subtropic areas of South and Southeast Asia. Until 2009 they were considered a subspecies of *Python molurus*. Now they are recognized as a distinct species.

Burmese pythons are dark-coloured snakes with many brown blotches, edged with black, down their back. It can grow up to 5 to 7 metres (16 to 23&nbsp;ft) long, but some may only reach up to the length of 4 metres (13 feet). They usually weigh around 90&nbsp;kg. The longest Burmese python ever recored was a female named "Baby" which lived in the Serpent Safari, Gurnee, Illinois and was 27 years old when she died. When "Baby" died she was 8.23 metres (27&nbsp;ft) long, and weighed 183&nbsp;kg

The Burmese python is found throughout Southern and Southeast Asia including Eastern India, Nepal, Western Bhutan, Southeast Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Northern Malaysia, far southern China, Indonesia, Southern Sulawesi, Bali and Sumbawa. It lives in grasslands, marshes, swamps, woodlands, river valleys, and jungles with open clearings.

The Burmese python, like all types of snakes, are carnivorous. They mainly eat birds and mammals like mice, rats, rabbits, pigs and goats. Some have been seen eating larger animals like alligators and deer.

As we mentioned above, Burmese python snakes are one of the largest snakes to be kept as pets. Due to their large size, they need a large enclosure. For young Albino Burmese Pythons , at least 6 feet long, 3 feet wide, and 3 feet tall (1.8×0.9×0.9 meters) enclosure is needed. When they grow up, they’ll need a bigger space. An adult albino Burmese python snake requires around 12 feet long, 6 feet wide, and 6 feet tall (3.6×1.8×1.8 meters) or even larger enclosure.
Burmese Pythons are mainly nocturnal. Young Burmese Pythons usually live in trees and on ground but when they become older they live mainly on the ground. They are excellent swimmers and can stay underwater for around half an hour.

Burmese pythons breed in the early spring. Females lay around 12-36 eggs in March or April. The female python then remains with the eggs until they have hatched. Once the hatchlings use their egg tooth to cut their way out of the eggs the mother then leaves. The babies often stay inside the eggs until they have completed their first shedding of their skin, after this they leave to hunt for their first meal. Burmese pythons live for around 20 to 27 years.

## References
EC

**EC** may refer to:
* European Council
* European Commission
* Ecuador
* *Electric Circus*, a Canadian television program
* EPCOT Center
* electronic cash, an electronic payment system
War elephant

A **war elephant** is an elephant that was trained for battle. People guided them into battle. Elephants were mainly used as shock tactics to charge against the enemy, trample them, and break their lines.  

War elephants were first used in India, but their use spread to other regions. Pyrrhus of Epirus used many of them, and so did the armies of Carthage. Hannibal crossed the Alps with a number of war elephants and marched against Rome. 

In the west, military tactics soon changed, and reduced the value of a war elephant. It was the use of cannons that made the war elephant useless in the 19th century. After that, elephants continued to be used for construction work.

## References
List of Roasso Kumamoto players

The **List of Roasso Kumamoto players** is .  The history of the team is created by its players.

Roasso Kumamoto is a Japanese professional football club in Kumamoto on the island of Kyushu.
 
## List
:*This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.*
In 2010,
* Yasunobu Matsuoka
* Taku Harada
* Shota Matsuhashi
* Jun Uruno
* Atsushi Ichimura
* Daisuke Yano
* Yuta Minami
* Kosuke Yoshii
* Kazuto Tsuyuki
* Toshiya Fujita
* Takumi Watanabe

## Related pages 
* Sports in Japan
* List of Japanese football teams

## References 
## Other websites
* Roasso Kumamoto website 
* J.League Club Guide
East Bengal Club

'''Sporting Club East Bengal are an Indian professional football club based at Kolkata.

East Bengal is one of the teams which compete in the I-League.

## History
East Bengal Football Club was established in 1920.

In July 2003, East Bengal won the ASEAN Club Championship  at Jakarta.

## Players
### First-team squad
### Notable past players
* Byomkesh Bose, 1948–1958
* Baichung Bhutia, 1993-1995, 1997-1999, 2003-2006, 2009-2011
* Paritosh Chakravarty, 1942–1949
* Surja Chakravarty, 1925–1927, 1929-1934
* Mona Dutta, 1922–1925
* Sunil Ghosh, 1938, 1940-1948
* Ahmed Khan, 1949–1959
* Majid, 1931-1937
* Lakshmi Narayan, 1935–1940
* J. Sarkar, 1925–1927, 1929-1932 
* Dulal Thakurta, 1927-1929, 1931-1937, 1939-1941

## Related pages 
* Sports in India
* List of Indian football teams

## References
## Other websites
* Official East Bengal Club Website 
* East Bengal Football Club Fans Website
Ryan Raburn

**Ryan Neil Raburn** (born April 17, 1981) is a former baseball player who last played for the Washington Nationals. He previously played for the Detroit Tigers, Cleveland Indians, and Colorado Rockies. He played many positions, but mostly second base and left field.

## Other websites
*
Sally Phillips

**Sally Elizabeth Phillips** (born 10 May 1970) is a British actress, Television presenter and comedienne. She was born in Hong Kong. She is married with three children and lives in London.

Phillips wrote and starred in *Smack the Pony*. She played Shazza in ''Bridget Jones's Diary* and *Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason''.She was featured in Task Master Season 5

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Hurricane Dora

**Hurricane Dora** struck the northeast coast of Florida and became the first hurricane to do so. She created next to $250 million in damage around the area she hit. Winds from Dora reached almost 125&nbsp;mph around Jacksonville, Florida when she hit. **Dora** was later retired from Atlantic hurricane lists, although the name is being used today for naming lists of the Eastern Pacific names.
Virginia Wade

**Sarah Virginia Wade** OBE (born 10 July 1945) is a United Kingdom tennis player turned commentator. She was born in Bournemouth, Dorset. She turned professional in 1968. She won the US Open in 1968, the Australian Open in 1972 and Wimbledon in 1977. She retired in 1986. Since 1981, she has been a commentator for the BBC. As of 2025, she remains the last United Kingdom woman to win Wimbledon.

## References
ARIA Hall of Fame

Since 1988 the **Australian Recording Industry Association** (**ARIA**) has inducted artists into its **ARIA Hall of Fame**. 

## List of inductees
### Repeat inductees
Seven artists have been inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame under more than one role:
* Harry Vanda and George Young of Vanda & Young as songwriters and producers in 1987, as members of The Easybeats in 2005.
* Ross Wilson as a solo artist in 1989, as a member of Daddy Cool in 2006.
* Glen Shorrock as a solo artist in 1991, as a member of Little River Band in 2004.
* Jimmy Barnes as a member of Cold Chisel in 1993, as a solo artist in 2005.
* Gary Young as a member of Daddy Cool in 2006, as a member of Jo Jo Zep & The Falcons in 2007.
* Richard Grossman as a member of Divinyls in 2006, as a member of Hoodoo Gurus in 2007.

## References
## Other websites
* ARIA Hall of Fame website
* Official ARIA Awards website
Trappist beer

**Trappist beer** is brewed by Trappist monks. There are seven Trappist monasteries--five in Belgium, one in the Netherlands, and one in Austria.

Monastery brewhouses, from different religious orders, have been across Europe since the Middle Ages. The monastery of La Trappe in Soligny had its own brewery in 1685. Breweries were later added in monasteries of other countries as the trappist order spread from France into the rest of Europe. The Trappists, like many other religious people, first brewed beer to feed the community.  Now, Trappist breweries also brew beer to pay for their works and for good causes. Many of the Trappist monasteries and breweries were destroyed during the French Revolution and the World Wars.  

## Types of beer
With the recent exception of Koningshoeven's Bockbier, Trappist beers are all top-fermented and mainly bottle conditioned. Trappist breweries use different names for the different beers produced.  The names relate to their strength.

The best known is the system where different beers are called *Enkel/Single*, *Dubbel/Double* and *Tripel/Triple*. With the importance of the Holy Trinity in the church, it is unlikely that the choice of three types of beers was accidental. Enkels are now no longer brewed as such.

Colours can be used to tell the different types.  This dates back to the days when bottles were unlabelled and had to be identified by the bottle-top alone. Chimay beer labels are based on the colour system (in increasing order of strength red, white and blue).  Westvleteren beers are still unlabelled.

There is also a number system (6,8 and 10, as used by Rochefort), which gives an idea of strength. Achel combine a strength and a colour (of the beer itselfblond or brown).

## Beers
The official Trappist breweries make the following beers:-
* Achel sells Blonde (8% ABV), Brune (8% ABV), Extra Blonde (8% ABV), Extra Brune (8% ABV).
* Chimay sells Red Label (dark, 7% ABV), White Label (Blonde/Tripel, ABV 8%) and Blue Label (dark, 9% ABV).
* Koningshoeven sells:
** *La Trappe Blond* (6.5% ABV)
** *La Trappe Dubbel* (7% ABV)
** ''La Trappe Isid'or* (7.5% ABV)
** *La Trappe Tripel* (8% ABV)
** *La Trappe Quadrupel* (10%V)
** *La Trappe Quadrupel Oak Aged* (10% ABV)
** *La Trappe Witte Trappist* (5.5% ABV)
** *La Trappe Bockbier* (7% ABV) (Seasonal)
** *La Trappe PUUR'' (4.7% ABV) (organic)
* Orval sells a "unique" dry hopped 6.2% amber ale.
* Rochefort sells three dark ales, "6" (7.5% ABV). "8" (9.2% ABV) and "10" (11.3% ABV).
* Westmalle sells Dubbel (7% ABV) and Tripel (9.5% ABV),
* Westvleteren sells Green Cap or Blonde, (5.8% ABV), Blue Cap (dark, 8% ABV) and Yellow Cap (dark, 10.2% ABV).

## Glassware
Belgian breweries have a tradition of providing custom beer glasses. The Trappist breweries often provide "chalice" or "goblet" style glasses. 

File:Chimays.jpg|Chimay beers and glasses
File:Beerglass orval.jpg|Orval beer's "chalice" glass
File:Beerglass trappiste rochefort.jpg|Rochefort beer's "goblet" glass

## References
Anheuser-Busch InBev

**Anheuser-Busch InBev N.V.** (abbreviated as **AB InBev**) is a Belgian-Brazilian multinational beverages company headquartered in Leuven, Belgium. It is the world's largest brewer.  

AB InBev has 14 brands. They make over 1 billion USD per year. Stella Artois, and Brahma. Multi-country brands are Alexander Keith's, Leffe and Hoegaarden. Regional brands are Bud Light, Skol, Quilmes, Labatt Blue, Michelob, Harbin, Sedrin, Cass, Klinskoye, Sibirskaya Korona, Chernigivske and Jupiler.

The company has around 116,000 people in over 30 countries. 45% of the company's sales come from North America.  The company now reports its financial results in US Dollars.

AB InBev has a primary listing on the Euronext Brussels stock exchange and is part of the BEL20 index. It has a secondary listing on the New York Stock Exchange.

## References
Danielle Harris

**Danielle Andrea Harris** (born June 1, 1977) is an American actress.

Harris has been active since 1985. She has worked in movies and television programs. She became famous for her roles in the *Halloween* movies *Halloween 4: The Return of Michael Myers*, *Halloween 5: The Revenge of Michael Myers*, *Halloween (2007)* and *Halloween II (2009)*, Hachet II, Hatchet III, and in many other horror movies.

In 2010, Danielle Harris was named as 'horror's reigning scream queen' by the *NY Daily News*. She was on the cover for horror/glamour magazines *Girls and Corpses* and *Gorezone magazine*.

In 2011, Harris won the Best Actress award at the Shockfest Film Festival, for her starring role in the short *Nice Guys Finish Last*.

## Personal life
In 2013, Harris became engaged to David Gross. The couple married in a private ceremony in Holualoa, Hawaii on January 4, 2014, and had a son in 2017. Their second son was born in late 2018.

## References
## Other websites 
*
*
Spa-Francorchamps

The **Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps** is the venue of the Formula One Belgian Grand Prix and the Spa 24 Hours and 1000 km Spa endurance races. It is also home to the all Volkswagen club event, 25 Hours of Spa, run by the Uniroyal Fun Cup. It is one of the most challenging race tracks in the world.  This is mainly because of its fast, hilly and twisty nature. Spa is a favourite circuit of many racing drivers and fans.

The track was designed in 1920 by Jules de Their and Henri Langlois Van Ophem. The first car race was held at the circuit in 1922.  1924 was the first running of the now famous 24 Hours of Francorchamps race.  The circuit was first used for Grand Prix racing in 1925.

## References
Hurricane Eloise

**Hurricane Eloise** was a really destructive storm in September 1975 that struck Puerto Rico, Hispaniola and northwest Florida. She caused around 80 deaths and $560 million along her path. When Eloise struck Florida, winds were 125&nbsp;mph, making the storm Category Three. The name **Eloise** was retired from Atlantic Basin tropical cyclone lists the following year.
Jacky Ickx

**Jacques Bernard "Jacky" Ickx** (last name pronounced "Ix" or "Icks") (born 1 January 1945 in Brussels) is a Belgian former racing driver.  He had 25 podium finishes in Formula One and six wins in the 24 hours of Le Mans.

## Racing record
### Complete Formula One World Championship results
(key) (Races in **bold** indicate pole position; results in *italics* indicate fastest lap)

### Complete 24 Hours of Le Mans results
List of cities in Afghanistan

Afghanistan has about 26 million people. 5.7 million live in urban areas.  The rest live in rural areas or countryside. The following are fourteen cities of Afghanistan in order of population. The estimates are from 2006.
 fans inside the Ghazi Stadium in the capital of Kabul, which is multi-ethnic and the only city in Afghanistan with over 1 million population.]]

#Kabul - 1,925,548 
#Kandahar - 468,200 
#Herat - 397,456 
#Mazar-i-Sharif - 375,181 
#Kunduz - 230,600 
#Jalalabad - 205,423 
#Lashkar Gah - 201,546 
#Taluqan - 194,471 
#Puli Khumri - 191,640 
#Khost - 160,214 
#Ghazni - 154,618 
#Sheberghan - 148,329 
#Sari Pul - 115,463 
#Farah - 109,409 

## Ancient names
Ancient names of places or cities in Afghanistan:

## Gallery

File:Construction of the first houses at Aino Mina.jpg|The Aino Mina new housing project on the outskirts of Kandahar, which is the second largest Afghan city.
File:Herat in 2009.jpg|Herat, the third largest city
File:Mi-17 helicopter flies over the northern Afghan city-101113-N-5006D-582.jpg|Mazar-i-Sharif, the fourth largest city
File:Bridge in Jalalabad in 2011.jpg|Jalalabad, the sixth largest city
File:View of Khost, Afghanistan.jpg|Khost, the tenth largest city

## References
Westvleteren Brewery

The **Westvleteren Brewery (Brouwerij Westvleteren)** is a Belgian brewery.  It was formed in 1838 inside the Trappist Abbey of Saint Sixtus of Westvleteren in the Belgian municipality of Vleteren. The brewery and its beers are usually called *Westvleteren*. The brewery's three beers have an international reputation for taste and quality.  They also have a limited availability.

In 1931, the abbey began selling beer to the general public.  Before, they only served beer to guests and visitors.

It is the only Trappist brewery where the monks still do all of the brewing. Of the 26 Cistercians who live in the abbey, five monks run the brewery, with an additional five who assist during bottling (putting the beer in bottles).

## Commercial orientations 
As with all other Trappist breweries, the beer is only sold in order to financially support the monastery and other good causes. There is no advertising except for a small sign outside the abbey. The monks have repeatedly said that they only brew enough beer to run the monastery.  They will make no more than they need to sell, regardless of demand. During World War II, the brewery stopped supplying wholesalers. Since then they only sell to individual buyers in person at the brewery or the visitor's centre.

## Beers 
The brewery currently brews three beers:
* Westvleteren Blonde (green cap), 5.8% ABV, introduced on 10 June 1999.
* Westvleteren 8 (blue cap) (formerly *Extra*), 8% ABV.
* Westvleteren 12 (yellow cap) (formerly *Abt*), a 10.2% ABV, introduced in 1940.

Until 1999, the brewery also made a 6.2% ABV dark beer and a lighter 4° which was the monks' table beer. The 8 and 12 are bottle conditioned.  They have a long shelf life. Some drinkers prefer the taste when the beers have been stored for several years. The ingredients are yeast, hops, malt, sugar, caramel and water.

The bottles have been sold without labels since 1945. All of the legally required information is printed on the crown tops. Because of this lack of space, Westvleteren beers are the only Trappist beers that do not have the official Trappist logo  on the bottle. The logo is only printed on the wooden crates.

## International reputation 
Many beer drinkers rank Westvleteren 12 among their favourite beers. The 8 and the Blonde also rank highly on beer-rating websites.

Despite the popularity, the monks have continued to decline almost all interview. Non-monastic visitors to the abbey are usually turned away.

## References
List of cities in Andorra

This is a **list of cities, towns and villages in Andorra**.

## List
]]
]]

1. Les Escaldes and Engordany are former villages and nowadays the parish of Escaldes-Engordany is only one city.

## Largest towns
As of 2011-12-31, Source: CityPopulation

## References
UEFA Euro 1972

The **1972 UEFA European Football Championship** final tournament was held in Belgium. This was the fourth European Football Championship.  The championship is held every four years and endorsed by UEFA. The final tournament took place between 14 and 18 June 1972.

At the time, only four countries could play the final tournament.  So there were only the semi-finals, the final and the third place match.

The hosts were only announced after the qualifying round.  This meant that they had to qualify for the final stage.

## Top scorers
There were 10 goals scored in 4 matches.

;4 goals
* Gerd Müller
;1 goal
* Herbert Wimmer
* Anatoli Konkov
* Raoul Lambert
* Odilon Polleunis
* Paul Van Himst
* Lajos Kű

## Venues
|-
! colspan=2|Brussels
|-
| Heysel Stadium||Stade Émile Versé
|-
| Capacity: **50,000**||Capacity: **28,000**
|-
| ||
|-
! Liège!! Antwerp
|-
|Sclessin Stadium||Bosuil Stadium
|-
|Capacity: **31,000**||Capacity: **20,000**
|-
| ||
|}

## References 
## Other websites
* EURO 1972 Official History
Antillesoma antillarum

***Antillesoma antillarum*** is the only species of peanut worms (Sipuncula) of the genus *Antillesoma*. The genus belongs to the family Phascolosomatidae.

## Synonymy 
* *Aspidosiphon mokyevskii* (Murina, 1964)  
* *Golfingia (Thysanocardia) mokyevskii* Murina, 1964  
* *Golfingia mokyevskii* Murina, 1964  
* *Phascolion antillarum*   
* *Phascolosoma (Aedematosomum) antillarum* Grube, 1858  
* *Phascolosoma (Antillesoma) antillarum* Grube, 1858  
* *Phascolosoma (Antillesoma) asser* (Selenka & De Man, 1883)  
* *Phascolosoma (Antillesoma) pelmum*  (Selenka & De Man, 1883)  
* *Phascolosoma (Antillesoma) schmidti* Murina, 1975  
* *Phascolosoma (Rueppellisoma) gaudens* (Lanchester, 1905)  
* *Phascolosoma (Rueppellisoma) onomichianum* (Ikeda, 1904)  
* *Phascolosoma (Rueppellisoma) simile* (Chen & Yeh, 1958)  
* *Phascolosoma (Rueppellisoma) weldonii* (Shipley, 1892)  
* *Phascolosoma aethiops* Baird, 1868  
* *Phascolosoma antillarum* Grube, 1858  
* *Phascolosoma asser* (Selenka & De Man, 1883)  
* *Phascolosoma fuscum* Keferstein, 1862  
* *Phascolosoma glans* (De Quatrefages, 1865)  
* *Phascolosoma immodestum* (De Quatrefages, 1865)  
* *Phascolosoma nigriceps* Baird, 1868  
* *Phascolosoma onomichianum* (Ikeda, 1904)  
* *Phascolosoma pelma* (Selenka & De Man, 1883)  
* *Phascolosoma pelmum* (Selenka & De Man, 1883)  
* *Phascolosoma similis* (Chen & Yeh, 1958)  
* *Phymosoma antillarum* (Grube, 1858)  
* *Phymosoma asser* Selenka & De Man, in Selenka, de Man & Bülow, 1883  
* *Phymosoma onomichianum* Ikeda, 1904  
* *Phymosoma pelma* Selenka & De Man, in Selenka, de Man & Bülow, 1883  
* *Physcosoma antillarum* (Grube, 1858)  
* *Physcosoma asser* (Selenka & De Man, 1883)  
* *Physcosoma gaudens* Lanchester, 1905  
* *Physcosoma onomichianum* (Ikeda, 1904)  
* *Physcosoma pelma* (Selenka & De Man, 1883)  
* *Physcosoma similis* Chen & Yeh, 1958  
* *Physcosoma weldonii* Shipley, 1892  
* *Sipunculus (Aedematosomum) glans* De Quatrefages, 1865  
* *Sipunculus (Aedematosomum) immodestus* De Quatrefages, 1865

## Distribution
This species is widespread in tropical and subtropical waters. It has been reported in the western Atlantic and the Caribbean from Florida to Brazil, in the eastern Atlantic in Sierra Leone.

### Habitat
*Antillesoma antillarum* have been found living in mollusc shell middens.  They accompany and associate with the following species of sipunculids: *Aspidosiphon albus*,  * A. Parvulus*, *A. fischeri*, *Temistes lageniformis*, y *Nephasoma pellucidum*.

## References
## Other website 
* Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS): *Antillesoma antillarum*  (Grübe and Oersted, 1858) Taxonomic Serial No.: 772615
* National Centrer of Biotechnology Information (NCBI): *Antillesoma antillarum* Taxonomy ID: 210781
* Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL): *Antillesoma antillarum*
List of cities in Antigua and Barbuda

* All Saints
* Bolans
* Carlisle
* Clare Hall
* Cedar Grove
* Codrington
* Dickenson Bay
* English Harbour
* Falmouth
* Freetown
* Jennings
* Liberta
* Old Road
* Parham
* Pigotts
* Potter's Village
* Seaview Farm
* St. John's
* Swetes
* Willikies

## 10 largest cities and population
# Saint John's 22,634  
# All Saints 3,412 
# Liberta 2,239 
# Potter's Village 2,067 
# Bolans 1,785
# Swetes 1,573 
# Seaview Farm 1,486 
# Pigotts 1,363 
# Parham 1,276
# Clare Hall 1,273
List of cities in Aruba

This is a list of cities in Aruba:

*Brasil
*Bubali
*Ceru Colorado
*Cura Cabai
*Malmok
*Madiki
*Noord
*Oranjestad (capital)
*Piedra Plat
*Ponton
*Pos Chikitu
*San Nicolas
*Santa Cruz
*Savaneta
*Wayaca
List of settlements in Austria

, Capital of Austria]]
]]
]]
]]
]]
]]
]]
]]
The following is a **list of cities and towns in Austria** with population of over 10,000 citizens. State capitals are shown in boldface.

## References
UEFA Euro 2000

The **2000 UEFA European Football Championship**, or **Euro 2000**, was the 11th UEFA European Football Championship.  The championship is held every four years and organized by UEFA.  UEFA is association football's governing body in Europe.

The finals of Euro 2000 were co-hosted (the first time this happened) by Belgium and the Netherlands, between 10 June and 2 July 2000. Spain and Austria also bid to host the event. The final tournament had 16 nations. Except for Belgium and the Netherlands, the finalists had to go through a qualifying round to reach the final stage. France won the tournament.  They defeated Italy 2–1 in the final, by a golden goal.

The finals were in the King Baudouin Stadium.

## Qualified teams
The following 16 teams were in the tournament:

:1 **Bold** indicates champion for that year
:2 *Italic* indicates host for that year
:3 as Czechoslovakia
:4 as West Germany
:5 Did not qualify but replaced Yugoslavia, who were under sanctions by the UN Security Council Resolution 757 and banned from appearing. Denmark were group 4 runners-up.

### Final rankings 
Rankings are based on performance, not team skill. Also, these rankings are unofficial and are **not based on head-to-head record**.

### Goalscorers
;5 goals
*  Patrick Kluivert
*  Savo Milošević

;4 goals

* Nuno Gomes

;3 goals

* Thierry Henry
* Sérgio Conceição
* Zlatko Zahovič

;2 goals

* Vladimír Šmicer
* Alan Shearer
*  Youri Djorkaeff
* David Trézéguet
* Sylvain Wiltord

* Zinedine Zidane
* Filippo Inzaghi
* Francesco Totti
* Frank de Boer
* Marc Overmars

* Boudewijn Zenden
* Gaizka Mendieta
* Alfonso Pérez
* Hakan Şükür

;1 goal

* Bart Goor
*  Émile Mpenza
* Karel Poborský
* Steve McManaman
* Michael Owen
* Paul Scholes
* Laurent Blanc
* Christophe Dugarry
* Mehmet Scholl
* Antonio Conte
* Alessandro Del Piero
* Marco Delvecchio

* Luigi Di Biagio
* Stefano Fiore
* Ronald de Boer
* Steffen Iversen
* Costinha
* Luís Figo
* João Pinto
* Cristian Chivu
* Ionel Ganea
* Viorel Moldovan
* Dorinel Munteanu

* Miran Pavlin
* Joseba Etxeberria
* Pedro Munitis
* Raúl
* Henrik Larsson
* Johan Mjällby
* Okan Buruk
* Ljubinko Drulović
* Dejan Govedarica
* Slobodan Komljenović

;Own goal
* Dejan Govedarica (playing against the Netherlands)

## Awards
;UEFA Team of the Tournament

;Golden Boot
*  Patrick Kluivert
*  Savo Milošević(5 goals)

**UEFA Player of the Tournament**
* Zinedine Zidane

## Mascot
The mascot for the tournament was *Benelucky*.  The name is a pun on Benelux.  He is a lion-devil with hair colour a combination of the flag colours of both host nations. The lion is the national football emblem of the Netherlands and a devil is for Belgium, the team being nicknamed "the Red Devils".

## References
Memorial Van Damme

**Memorial van Damme** is a yearly athletics event at the King Baudouin Stadium in Brussels, Belgium.  It takes place in late August or early September. Before it was one of the IAAF Golden League events.  Now it is now part of the IAAF Diamond League.

It was first put together in 1977 by a group of journalists in honour of Ivo van Damme.  Damme was a Belgian double medal winner at the Montreal Olympics who was killed in a car accident at the age of 22.  A former footballer, he turned to athletics and in particular the 1500 m and 3000 m. Later on, he ran in the 800 m. In 1976, he took part in the Montreal Olympic Games, where he won silver medals in both the 800 m and 1500 m.

## World records
### 2009 
* 4 x 1500 m relay men 14:36.23 Kenya (William Biwott Tanui, Gideon Gathimba, Geoffrey Kipkoech Rono, Augustine Kiprono Choge)

### 2006 
* 4 x 800 m relay men 7:02.43 Kenya (Joseph Mutua, William Yiampoy, Ismael Kombich, Wilfred Bungei)

### 2005 
* 10,000 m 26:17.53 Kenenisa Bekele, Ethiopia

### 2004 
* 10,000 m men Junior 27:04.00 Boniface Kiprop Toroitich, Uganda
* 3,000 m steeplechase men 7:53.63 Saif Saaeed Shaheen, Qatar 
* Pole vault women 4.92 m Yelena Isinbayeva, Russia

### 2001 
* 3,000 m men Junior 7:30.67 Kenenisa Bekele, Ethiopia
* 3,000 m steeple men 7:55.28 Brahim Boulami, Morocco

### 1997 
* 5,000 m men 12:39.74 Daniel Komen, Kenya
* 10,000 m men 26:27.85 Paul Tergat, Kenya

### 1996 
* 10,000 m men 26:38.08 Salah Hissou, Morocco
* 1,000 m women 2:28.98 Svetlana Masterkova, Russia

### 1995 
* 5,000 m men Junior 13:07.38 Daniel Komen, Kenya
* 1,000 m women 2:29.34 Maria de Lurdes Mutola, Mozambique

### 1981 
* 1 mile men 3.47.33 Sebastian Coe, United Kingdom

## Meeting Records
### Men
### Women
+ =  to a longer distance

## References
## Other websites
* Diamond League – Brussels Official Web Site
Sidewinder

The **Sidewinder rattlesnake** (*Crotalus cerastes*), also known as the "Horned Rattlesnake", is a species of venomous pit viper. There are three subspecies. It is called a sidewinder because it uses sidewinding to move across sand.

## Description
The Sidewinder rattlesnake is a small species of snake, with adults measuring to about  long. The females are larger than the males, which is unusual for most snakes. The color of this snake is usually cream or yellowish-brown, and the belly is white colored.

## Where it lives
In the southwestern United States of America it can be found in desert regions of eastern California, southern Nevada, southwestern Utah and western Arizona. In northwestern Mexico, it can be found in western Sonora and eastern Baja California.

## Behavior
The Sidewinder is nocturnal in hot months and diurnal in cooler months. The Sidewinder uses its tail to attract lizards which it eats, but when it becomes an adult it stops eating lizards and starts eating desert rodents. They also feed on small mammals and birds. They are venomous, but not generally fatal to humans. The venom causes localized pain and swelling.

## Reproduction
A female Sidewinder Rattlesnake gives birth to around 5 to 18 young at a time. For 7–10 days the young stay with their mother in a burrow, they then shed for the first time and then leave the burrow. Sidewinders mature at the age of 2 or 3, then mate in April and May and sometimes in the fall. The female then has its 5-18 babies in the late summer. These babies are born 6-8 inches long. Males live a little bit longer than females, males live to about 13 years old and females about 11 years old. 

## Subspecies
There are three subspecies:
* Mojave Desert Sidewinder, *C. c. cerastes*
* Sonoran Desert Sidewinder, *C. c. cercobombus*
* Colorado Desert Sidewinder, *C. c. laterorepens*

## References