open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Cinemax (Latin America)

**Cinemax** is a Latin American subscription television channel of American origin. It is owned by Warner Bros. Discovery. It is operated by Warner Bros. Discovery Latin America. It launched on September 5, 1993. It is HBO's only basic channel on the continent. During its previous run, the channel was broadcast as a pay-per-view channel.

## History
On September 5, 1993, HBO Olé launched Cinemax, a movie-only channel. It was different from HBO because it did not broadcast concerts or boxing. Instead, it broadcast only movies 24 hours a day. (HBO Olé would only make the transition to 24-hour programming later that year). Cinemax also aired erotic movies, although only after midnight. 

Cinemax also focused on broadcasting award-winning movies, series, and miniseries from the past and present. It also had a lot of independent content in its broadcasts. This included movies that were not released in theaters and were not shown on any other channel. 

The channel had two channels to adapt to viewers' schedules: West with Mexico time and East with Argentina time (3 hours behind the West channel). On June 1, 2010, Cinemax East was replaced by Max, while Cinemax West permanently switched to the basic subscription of Latin American television providers.

Starting November 1, 2010, its programming and signal structure changed. Original language movies with subtitles were removed. More movies dubbed in Spanish were shown. The base schedule changed from Mexico to Argentina.

At the end of 2011, Cinemax regrouped its channels, making each region different: Mexico, South America, Chile, Panregional, and one for Brazil in Portuguese. 

In 2012, its graphics and programming were changed. They started  showing HBO content in addition to more recent series and movies. Currently, the programming features the original voices and the SAP option for Spanish and Portuguese.

On September 20, 2014, Cinemax Latin America underwent a complete graphical overhaul (logo, image, and colors) to be the same as its American channel. The on-screen logo change was made official starting at 10:00 p.m. (Chilean time). In Colombia, it started at 9:00 p.m. with the start of The Hunger Games. However, the new image had appeared on its website and social media channels days earlier. Furthermore, the new image had been used in several small advertisements in the years before. The image change consisted of changing the logo that the company had for 16 years.

## Notes
Skating Away on the Thin Ice of the New Day

"**Skating Away on the Thin Ice of the New Day**" is a 1975 song by British progressive rock band Jethro Tull and was taken from their seventh studio album *War Child*. It did not chart at all due to its limited success of the single.

## References
Nationalist Party of Vietnam

The **Nationalist Party of Vietnam**, **Vietnamese National Party** or **Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng** **(VNQDD)** is a tridemist, nationalist and socialist political party created in French Indochina in 1927 by Nguyễn Thái Học.

The VNQDD tried to make a Nationalist Revolution and declare the independence of the Indochina from France in early 1930. At that time, France was the control of the Indochina. But France stopped the revolution, after the Yên Bái mutiny in 1929.

After the Vietnam War, the party was banned by the Communist Party of Vietnam and they moved their headquarters to United States in 1975.

## Sources 
* Blair, Anne E. (2001). *There to the Bitter End: Ted Serong in Vietnam*. Crows Nest, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 1-86508-468-9.
* Currey, Cecil B. (1999). ''Victory at Any Cost: The genius of Viet Nam's Gen. Vo Nguyen Giap*. Washington, DC: Brassey. ISBN 1-57488-194-9.
* Goodman, Allen E. (1973). *Politics in war: the bases of political community in South Vietnam*. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-68825-2.
* Nguyễn, Văn Khánh (2016). *The Vietnam Nationalist Party (1927–1954)''. Singapore: Springer. ISBN 978-981-10-0075-1

## Other websites 
* Viet Quoc official homepage 
* Viet Quoc members webpage
* Nguyễn Thái Học Foundation
Dexys Midnight Runners

**Dexys**, also known as **Dexys Midnight Runners**, are an English pop rock band from Birmingham. They were active from 1978 to 2011. They were commercially successful in the early 1980s. They had two songs reach the No. 1 position on the UK Singles Chart. These were "Geno" and "Come On Eileen" (1982). "Come On Eileen" was No. 1 on the US Billboard Hot 100.

## References
Nasty (Janet Jackson song)

"**Nasty**" is a 1986 song by American singer Janet Jackson and is the second single from her third studio album *Control*. It went to number 3 in the United States, number 19 in the United Kingdom, number 5 in the Netherlands, number 8 in New Zealand, Canada and Switzerland, number 17 in Finland and Australia and number 9 in Germany.

## Track listings
***US, UK, and European 7-inch single**
:A. "Nasty" (Edit of Remix) – 3:40
:B. "You'll Never Find (A Love Like Mine)" – 4:08

***US and European 12-inch single** / **Australian limited-edition 12-inch single**
:A1. "Nasty" (Extended) – 6:00
:B1. "Nasty" (Instrumental) – 4:00
:B2. "Nasty" (A Cappella) – 2:55

***US and European 12-inch single – Cool Summer Mix Parts I and II**
:A. "Nasty" (Cool Summer Mix Part I) – 7:57
:B. "Nasty" (Cool Summer Mix Part II) – 10:09

***UK 12-inch single**
:A1. "Nasty" (Extended) – 6:00
:B1. "Nasty" (Instrumental) – 4:00
:B2. "You'll Never Find (A Love Like Mine)" – 4:08
Symmetric difference

In mathematics, the **symmetric difference** of two sets is the set of items which are in either of the sets, but not in both, which is their intersection. For example, given the sets \{1,2,3\} and \{3,4,5\}, the symmetric difference will be \{1,2,4,5\} because 3 occurs in both. The symmetric difference may also be called the **disjunctive union** and **set sum**.

Mathematically, this is written: 

A \Delta B = (A \cup B) - (A \cap B)

Which in plain English reads, "the symmetric difference of set A and set B is equal to items that are in set A and items that are in set B, minus items that are in both A and B."

If the two sets are equal, that is, A = B, then their symmetric difference is the empty set, \varnothing.

For measured sets, meaning their size or "how big" they are is known, the symmetric difference between two sets can be considered a measure of how "far apart" they are.
Sci-Hub

**Sci-Hub** is an online library similar to Libgen or Anna's Archive. This type of library has been called a "shadow library". It holds digital information on the internet, living in countries where they do not follow copyright law enough. The website might have a paper on it which can be searched for, then it gives the person looking to read that paper more information about the topic they want to learn about. The website might not have the paper on it. 

The website works even if the paper is not free normally. It is simple to use and loads fast because of the simple and lightweight website, but all of the files can be downloaded at once from there. If someone who wants to, has everything they need to do that, they could. Downloading the files all at once has an easier option using a torrent. The main website currently has a list of files that other people are downloading on the main page.

Sci-Hub has a large number of books from organizations, businesses that have done studies, and university papers, dissertations, for example. These papers are helpful for learning and doing research. It is a better alternative to just reading the abstract, hoping for an open access (OA) version of the paper, student loans, grants, or asking someone else (like a school work colleague) to get access for you.

To use the website to get papers for free, the user simply has to go to the Sci-Hub homepage and search the link by pasting it in the DOI text box. Sometimes using the name of the file works. The DOI link is in the website link or starts with  and is a .org link and most of the information uses this DOI format. If an ISP or government is blocking a Sci-Hub domain, mirrors or other domains might still work, or a VPN or proxy server can be used to bypass the blocks. Sometimes when the website is blocked it can be enough to change the DNS settings in the browser. 

More information about Sci-Hub can be found on their website "about" pages. The Sci-Hub official website can be found on the main Wikipedia page. Go to this Wiki article to find the new links. 

## Reading papers 
Using Sci-Hub can be made really easy by taking the link of the website hosting the paper or DOI link. Take the link and"copy" (CTRL+C) and "paste" (CTRL+V) it in the box. The "about" part of the sci-hub link can be replaced with the DOI link to go straight to the paper, with the URL . 

## References
Expulsion of Protestants from Salzburg by the Austrian Empire

to English.]]

In 1731, 20,000 Lutheran Protestants were expelled from Salzburg on the order of the Archbishop of Salzburg Leopold Anton Eleutherius Reichsfreiherr von Firmian (r. 1727‒44) in breach of the Peace of Westphalia established in 1648. 

Many Lutheran Protestants sought refuge in East Prussia at the invitation of Frederick William I of Prussia (r. 1713‒40) who was a Calvinist Protestant.

In 1966, 235 years after the expulsion, Salzburg's Archbishop Andreas Rohracher expressed regret.

## Related pages
* Inquisition
* Expulsion of Jews from Spain
* Conflict between Otto von Bismarck and the Roman Catholic Church

## References
Synthon

In chemistry, a **synthon** is an imaginary or hypothetical chemical species used in retrosynthetic analysis, a method of breaking apart complicated organic compounds to plan out how to make them with organic synthesis. The term was coined by chemist E. J. Corey, who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on synthesis.

Most synthons are too unstable to exist in a real reaction. A real synthesis instead uses a **synthetic equivalent** for a synthon. For example, Grignard reagents like methylmagnesium chloride () are synthetic equivalents of carbanions like methylide ().

## References
Jewel Thief – The Heist Begins

***Jewel Thief – The Heist Begins*** is an 2025 Indian Hindi-language action thriller movie directed by Kookie Gulati and Robbie Garewal. Produced by Marflix Pictures, it stars Saif Ali Khan, Jaideep Ahlawat, Nikita Dutta and Kunal Kapoor. The movie was premiered on Netflix on 25 April 2025.

## Cast 
* Saif Ali Khan
* Jaideep Ahlawat
* Nikita Dutta
* Kunal Kapoor

## Production 
### Development 
The movie was announced in February 2024, starring Saif Ali Khan and Jaideep Ahlawat. In May 2024, the official title of the movie was announced Jewel Thief  – The Red Sun Chapter.

### Filming 
Principal photography began in March 2024. The filming took place in Mumbai and Budapest before wrapping up in May 2024.

In November 2024, Kookie Gulati was brought in for reshoots. The reshot was completed in December 2024.

## Release 
In February 2025, Netflix revealed its slate lineup for 2025, and the film was re-titled as *Jewel Thief: The Heist Begins*.

The movie was made available for streaming on Netflix on 25 April 2025.

## Reception 
Rishabh Suri writing for *Hindustan Times* gave the movie 1 out of 5 stars. Shubhra Gupta from *The Indian Express* rated the movie 1/5 stars. Sukanya Verma of *Rediff* awarded the movie  out of 5 stars. A critic from *The Hindu* reviewed the movie.

## Other websites 
* 
* 

## References
Aguilera (album)

***Aguilera*** is the ninth studio album by American singer-songwriter Christina Aguilera, released on May 31, 2022. It follows her Spanish-language album *Mi Reflejo* (2000) and her album *Liberation* (2018). The album is named after her Spanish surname, and she made it to celebrate her Latin American roots and to connect with her children’s heritage. *Aguilera* is a trilogy with three parts: *La Fuerza*, *La Tormenta*, and *La Luz*. Each part represents a theme of strength and healing.

The album features different types of Latin music like cumbia, tango, reggaeton, and tropical sounds. It also mixes in dance-pop and Latin pop styles. There are collaborations with artists like Becky G, Nicki Nicole, Ozuna, and Christian Nodal. Five singles were released, including "Pa Mis Muchachas" and "Santo".

The album was well-received by critics and reached the top 20 on the US Latin Pop Albums chart. Aguilera promoted it with a European and UK tour in summer 2022, including five festival performances and three UK concerts. *Aguilera* earned eight Latin Grammy nominations, winning Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album, and was nominated for Album of the Year. The album also got two nominations at the 2023 Grammy Awards, including Best Latin Pop Album.

## Track listing 
## References
Julia Brownley

**Julia Andrews Brownley** (born August 28, 1952) is an American businesswoman and politician who has been the United States representative for California's 26th congressional district from 2013. A Democrat, she was in the California State Assembly from 2006 to 2012.

## References
Raul Ruiz (politician)

**Raul Ruiz** ( ; born August 25, 1972) is an American doctor and politician who has been the U.S. representative for California's 25th congressional district. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

## References
Center, Hungary

]]
**Center** (**Ózd-Center**) is a former independent village in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County. It has been part of Ózd since 1978. Its population in 2024 was 241.
 and cross of Center]]

## Location 
It is located approximately 10 kilometers from the center of Ózd and 3 kilometers from Sajónémeti and 5 kilometers from Sajóvárkony.

## History 
 to the victims of the World Wars in Center]]
The village was first mentioned in a document in 1413. In the 15th century, the names *Chenther* and *Nagh Czenther* are also noted for the village. After people moved back in after the Turkish destruction, the name *Czenter* was used. In a description from 1851, it is also called *Czenter*.

In 1978, it was annexed to the city of Ózd, along with several villages.

## Notes
David Valadao

**David Goncalves Valadao** ( ; born April 14, 1977) is an American politician and dairy farmer who has been the U.S. representative for California's 22nd congressional district from 2023.

## References
Jim Costa

**James Manuel Costa**  (born April 13, 1952) is an American politician who is a U.S. representative.

Costa was born on April 13, 1952, in Fresno, California.

## References
Vince Fong

**Vincent Karchi Fong** (born October 24, 1979) is an American politician who has been the U.S. representative for California's 20th congressional district from 2024.

Fong was born on October 24, 1979, in Bakersfield, California to Chinese immigrants.

## References
Jimmy Panetta

**James Varni Panetta** ( ; born October 1, 1969) is an American lawyer, politician, and former Navy intelligence officer from the state of California. A member of the Democratic Party, he is the U.S. representative for California's 19th congressional district.

## References
Kevin Mullin

**Kevin Mullin** (born June 15, 1970) is an American politician who is the U.S. representative for California's 15th congressional district from 2023.

## References
John Duarte (politician)

**John Scott Duarte** (born September 9, 1966) is an American politician, businessman, and farmer. A member of the  Republican Party, he was the U.S. representative for California's 13th congressional district from 2023 to 2025.

## References
Kevin Kiley (politician)

**Kevin Patrick Kiley** (born January 30, 1985) is an American politician, attorney, and former teacher who is the U.S. representative for California's 3rd congressional district from 2023.

## References
Bundesliga (wrestling)

The top division of team wrestling in Germany, is the **Bundesliga** (German: Bundesliga-Ringen). Every year since 1964 (except season 2020/21), championships have been held by ***Bundesliga-Ringen***. 

Each time a team competes, then some of the (fights or) matches  will be fought by rules of Greco-Roman wrestling, and the rest of the matches will be fought by the rules of Freestyle wrestling.

All the teams in the division, compete for (a place or) a slot in the quarter-finals.

The finals are held around January. The finals consist of one set of matches (in different weight classes) during an evening, and another set of matches on another evening.

The 2025/26 season is supposed to begin in Fall 2025.

## The teams that made it to the quarter-finals, 2024/25 season
*ASV Schorndorf, champion (or number one). The team is from a city in Baden-Württemberg.
*Siegfried Kleinostheim, (number two or) runner-up. The team is from a municipality in Bavaria.

Lost the semi-finals,
*Wacker Burghausen
*Germania Hösbach, from a city in Bavaria

Lost the quarter-finals,
*KSV Köllerbach, from Püttlingen (city), Bavaria
*Mainz 88, from a city in Rhineland-Palatinate
*AC Lichtenfels, from a city in Bavaria
*04 Weingarten, from a municipality in Baden-Württemberg

## The teams that did not make it to the quarter-finals, 2024/25 season
*Red Devils Heilbronn, from a city in Baden-Württemberg
*KSV Witten 07, from a city in North Rhine-Westphalia
*ASV Urloffen, from a municipality in Baden-Württemberg
*Konkordia Neuss, from a city in North Rhine-Westphalia	 
*Baienfurt/Ravensburg, from a a municipality in,Baden-Württemberg

## References
Jared Huffman

**Jared William Huffman** (born February 18, 1964) is an American lawyer and politician who is the U.S. representative for California's 2nd congressional district from 2013.

Huffman was born in Independence, Missouri.

## References
Uraj

**Uraj** is a former independent village in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County. It has been part of Ózd since 1978. 

## Location 
It is in the Uraj stream valley, 3.2 km northwest of Ózd, near the Hungary-Slovakia border. Its northwestern neighbor is Susa, 3 km away.

## History 
The name of the village was *Wray* in 1216, *Vraj* in 1360, and *Wraja* in 1427. After the Turkish destruction, people left, but later they came back. The Roman Catholic church was built in 15th century. 

Since 1978, it has been part of the city of Ózd.

## Notes
Susa, Hungary

**Susa** is a former independent village in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County. It has been part of Ózd since 1978. Its population in 2024 was 225.

## Location 
The dead-end settlement is located 6 km north-northwest of the city center of Ózd, near the Hungarian-Slovak border.

The nearest settlement is Janice (Slovakia), 2.5 km to the north-west, which can only be reached by dirt roads, Rimavská Seč (Slovakia) 3.8 km to the north, and Uraj 3 km to the south-south-east.

## Population 
In 2000, the village had 200 inhabitants, in 2011 it had 247, and in 2024 it had 225.

## History 
The village was first mentioned in writing in the Váradi Regestrum in 1213. The first known owners were the Hangony family, and after they died out, it became owned by the Losonczi family. The Turks destroyed the village, which stayed empty for 150 years, and only started to be repopulated in the 1700s. Since the Middle Ages, its population has been mostly Hungarian.

In 1919, it was taken over by the Czechs, and even though it stayed part of Hungary by the peace agreement, the foreign control did not finish until 1922. Along with four other villages, it was annexed to Ózd in 1978.

## Sights 
* **Reformed Church** - The church was built in 1898.
* **Bronts Castle** - In the castle built in the 19th century, a Home for the Elderly operates today.

## Notes
Bolyok

**Bolyok** is a former independent village in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County. It has been part of Ózd since 1940.

## History 
The first written record is from 1320, where it is called *Bolk*. *Bolk* is a personal name from Slavic roots, which changed to Bolyok through Hungarian naming. The area is on the flat land at the base of the Bükk hills, with the Hódos stream and Hangony stream running through it. After the village joined Ózd, the new city center was built here. 

The village had its own Jewish community.

## Notes
HBO Latin America Group

**HBO Latin America Group** was a company that offered a subscription television service, owned by HBO, which was in turn part of WarnerMedia, which operated pay television channels throughout Latin America.

From its inception until 2019, HBO Latin America Group was a joint venture between Time Warner and Omnivisión Latin America Entertainment (later Ole Communications), the latter a Venezuelan telecommunications company. 

From October 1991 to 2017, the joint venture's headquarters were located in Caracas, Venezuela, and its channels were marketed by Omnivisión to other television providers in the region. From 2017 until its closure, due to the crisis in Venezuela, **HBO Latin America Group** moved its main offices to Bogotá, Colombia. In 2020, following WarnerMedia's acquisition of Ole Communications' shares in HBO Latin America Group, the company was absorbed by WarnerMedia Latin America, and its operations were managed from Buenos Aires, Argentina.
## Operating channels
HBO Latin America Group owns and operates these channels:
### Spanish
* HBO Latin America (formerly known as HBO Ole)
* HBO 2
* HBO+ (formerly known as HBO Ole 2 and HBO Plus)
* HBO Family
* HBO Signature
* HBO Mundi (formerly known as Max)
* HBO Pop (formerly known as Max Up)
* HBO Xtreme (formerly known as Max Prime)
* Cinemax Latin America (Since 2009 as an ad-supported basic cable network)

### Portuguese
There are also Portuguese feeds of the HBO Latin America channels.
* HBO Brasil
* HBO 2
* HBO+
* HBO Family
* HBO Signature
* HBO Mundi (formerly known as Max)
* HBO Pop (formerly known as Max Up)
* HBO Xtreme (formerly known as Max Prime)

### Brazil
The HBO Brazilian channel was launched in 1994.  In 1990s Sony and Disney became shareholders and left in 2010. 

### Other
HBO Caribbean is operated as a division of HBO Latin America.
## References
Bánszállás

**Bánszállás** is a former mining village in Ózd District of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County. It has been part of Ózd since 1940.

## History 
Starting in 1841, there was temporary coal mining, and from 1857 it became permanent for the Ózd Ironworks. 

The village was annexed to Ózd in 1940.

The mine closed in 1957, and since then the plant's reputation has suffered.
Sakta

**Sakta** is a neighbourhood of Ózd, located next to Bánszállás.  As of 2023, this area is abandoned and has no inhabitants.

## History 
In Sakta, coal was once taken from the ground and used carts to carry it to the Ózd Ironworks. Later, when the mine ran out, the buildings and roads fell apart, and people left.  The look of Sakta is sad and filled with despair.
Gallic acid

**Gallic acid** is an organic compound with the chemical formula  or . The systematic name of gallic acid is **3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid**. Salts and esters of gallic acid are called **gallates**. It has no relation to gallium.

## Name 
Gallic acid is named after plant galls, which contain gallic acid and tannins, which also often contain gallic acid and its esters.

"Gallic acid" would be the systematic name of gallium(III) hydroxide, if it were treated as an oxoacid of gallium. Like its structural analog aluminium hydroxide ("aluminic acid"), this compound is amphoteric and is usually named as a metal hydroxide rather than an oxoacid. Salts of the  anion are also called "gallates".

## References
Conjugate acids and bases

In chemistry, specifically Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory, an acid and base are **conjugates** if they can change into each other by adding or removing a hydrogen ion.

An acid-base reaction is a reaction where an acid and a base are converted into their conjugate base and conjugate acid: deprotonation of the acid and protonation of the base.

## Example 
A common example of acid-base reaction is the reaction between sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid to make sodium chloride (salt) and water:
:
In Brønsted–Lowry theory, the reaction is written as
:
because the sodium ion doesn't change (it is a spectator ion).

Since  loses hydrogen to become , chloride is the *conjugate base* of hydrochloric acid. Since  gains hydrogen to become , water is the *conjugate acid* of hydroxide.
Al Qadsiah FC

**Al Qadsiah** is Saudi Arabian professional football club from Khobar, Saudi Arabia, it is currently plays in Saudi Professional League. It is founded on 1967.

## History 
On 6 May 2024, Al Qadsiah was promoted to Saudi Professional League.

## Players 
## References 
## Other websites 
*
Aromobates alboguttatus

The **whitebelly rocket frog** or **white-dotted rocket frog** (*Aromobates alboguttatus*) is a frog.  It lives in Trinidad.

## Home
The adult frogs live in clear streams in cloud forests in the Andes mountains. Scientists saw the frog between 1600 and 3090 meters above sea level.

Scientists have seen this frog in protected parks, Sierra Nevada National Park and Sierra de la Culata National Park.

## Young
The female frog lays her eggs on land. After the eggs hatch, the male frogs carry the tadpoles to water.

## Danger
Scientists say this frog is in very big danger of dying out. Human beings change the places where the frog lives to make farms and places for people to raise animals. Scientists believe the fungus *Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis* could give the frogs the fungal disease chytridiomycosis. They also think climate change and ultraviolet light could hurt the frogs, eggs, and tadpoles.

## References
Oxoacid

In chemistry, an **oxoacid**, also known as an **oxyacid**, is an acid containing oxygen. Formally, it means an acid with an  structure, where E can be any element other than oxygen or hydrogen. Oxyacids are also called **ternary acids**, as they contain three different elements.

Historically, people thought all acids contained oxygen. Antoine Lavoisier, who discovered oxygen, named it using Greek words that mean "makes acid". The discovery that hydrochloric acid did not contain oxygen divided acids into two categories, which were named oxoacids and hydracids. (The later Lewis acid-base theory also has some acids without oxygen or hydrogen.)

Sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and phosphoric acid are important inorganic oxyacids. Carboxylic acids and alcohols are among the organic compounds that are formally oxyacids of carbon.

## Acidity 
Acidity of a chemical usually depends on the length of the bond to the acidic hydrogen atom. In oxyacids, the bond is always between hydrogen and oxygen, so its length is similar between different oxyacids. Instead, what determines acidity is the central atom connected to oxygen.

In general, the more electronegative the central atom is, the stronger the acid. (Electronegativity measures how much an atom will pull on electrons from other atoms.) This depends both on the central atom itself, and what else it is bonded to, with more bonds to more electronegative elements or groups (especially oxygen) increasing acidity.

Perchloric acid, which has the very electronegative chlorine as a central atom, with three double bonded oxygen atoms, is one of the strongest oxyacids (pKa of -10). *tert*-Butyl alcohol, which has a weakly electronegative carbon center bonded to three other carbons, is one of the weakest (pKa of 18).

Other oxyacids can be anywhere along the spectrum. Hypochlorous acid has a very electronegative central atom (chlorine), but is only a weak acid because there's nothing else bonded to it. Perrhenic acid has a weakly electronegative central atom (rhenium), but is a strong acid because of the many bonds to oxygen.

## References
Ammonium perrhenate

line powder]]

**Ammonium perrhenate** is a chemical compound with the chemical formula . It is the most important compound of rhenium in the chemical industry, and the main ingredient used to make rhenium metal.

Formally, it is a salt of ammonium and perrhenic acid.

## References
Associated state

An **Associated State** is a state or territory controlled by most likely a larger nation.

## List of Associated states
Sovereign State of the Bektashi Order

The **Sovereign State of the Bektashi Order** (; ) is a proposed microstate and city-state entirely within Tirana, the capital of Albania, at the current World Headquarters of the 	religion of Bektashism. It would be smaller than the Vatican City and become the sovereign state with the smallest land area in the world, with a total land area of . 

Drafting of legislation to create the new state within Albania began in September 2024. The legislation would need approval from the Albanian Parliament

## References
Future-Worm!

***Future-Worm!*** is an American comic science fiction animated television series. It was created by Ryan Quincy, who previously created IFC's Out There, for Disney XD. The show features the adventures of Danny and Future-Worm, who time travel by using a lunch box-shaped time machine. The series aired from August 1, 2016 to May 19, 2018.

*Future-Worm* is on Blu-ray on Digital HD by Disney XD and Disney Movies Anywhere.
Ken Calvert

**Kenneth Stanton Calvert** (born June 8, 1953) is an American businessman and politician who is a U.S. representative.

## References
Randy Fine

**Randall Adam Fine** (born April 20, 1974) is an American politician and former gambling industry businessman. He has been the U.S. representative for Florida's 6th congressional district since April 2025. He is a member of the Republican Party. Before, he was in the Florida Senate from 2024 to 2025. Before that in the Florida House of Representatives from 2016 to 2024. 

## References  
## Other websites
* Congressman Randy Fine official U.S. House website
Negros Occidental Private Schools Sports Cultural Educational Association

The **Negros Occidental Private Schools Sports Cultural Educational Association (NOPSSCEA)** is a group of private schools in Negros Occidental, Philippines, that organizes sports, cultural, and educational events. Its office is at Panaad Park. 

The association was founded by Colegio San Agustin-Bacolod, University of St. La Salle, University of Negros Occidental-Recoletos, STI West Negros University, St. John's Institute, and [Riverside College](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverside_College_(Philippines)). Today, NOPSSCEA has 54 member schools in the province.
Colander

**Colander** is a perforated bowl used to strain off liquid from food after washing or cooking.

Colanders are often composed of a light metal, like thinly rolled stainless steel or aluminium.  Colanders can also be manufactured of ceramic, enamelware, silicone, and plastic.

## References
Locomotive Breath

"**Locomotive Breath**" is a 1971 song by British progressive rock band Jethro Tull and was taken from their fourth studio album *Aqualung*. It was one of their best known songs.

## References
Stuck on You (Lionel Richie song)

"**Stuck on You**" is a 1984 song by Lionel Richie and was taken from his second studio album ''Can't Slow Down''. It went to number 3 in the United States and Canada, number 12 in the United Kingdom, number 2 in Ireland and number 26 in Switzerland and New Zealand. It was covered by 3T in 2003.

## Track listings
* **7" single**
# "Stuck on You" – 3:10
# "Round and Round" – 4:48

* **12" maxi**
# "Stuck on You" – 3:10
# "Round and Round" – 4:48
# "Tell Me" – 5:28

## References
Chip War: The Fight for the World's Most Critical Technology

***Chip War: The Fight for the World’s Most Critical Technology*** is a nonfiction book written in 2022 by Chris Miller. He is an economic historian and a senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, a conservative think tank. The book explains how semiconductors (computer chips) have become an important part of modern life. It also talks about the global struggles over this technology. The book won the 2022 *Financial Times* Business Book of the Year award.

## Overview 
The book shows how powerful computer chips helped weaken the Soviet Union by making its weapons less effective. It explains that controlling the chip industry will be very important in the future. It also discusses China's weakness because it depends on other countries for chips. In fact, China spends more money on importing chips than on oil.

## Reviews 
*Financial Times* journalist Demetri Sevastopulo praised the book for making a complex topic easy to understand. He liked how Miller explained the changes in the chip industry, not just in the U.S. but also in Asia. Sevastopulo appreciated Miller's detailed depiction of the chip industry's fluctuations, not just in the U.S., but also in Asian countries that control large portions of the supply chain for this technology.

*Global Policy* called it the most detailed book about the politics of microchips. It covers everything from the industry's early days in Silicon Valley to today's tensions near Taiwan.

Barry Eichengreen from *Foreign Affairs* liked Miller’s storytelling but noted that the book does not discuss recent U.S. policies restricting China’s access to advanced chips. He also said the book does not predict whether these restrictions will stop China from growing its chip industry or make China take stronger actions, possibly against Taiwan.

Greg Mankiw called it "a fascinating history of the semiconductor industry" and said it is important for both economics and politics. He highly recommended it.

## References 
## See too 
* Semiconductor industry in China
Axiom schema of replacement

In mathematics, the **Axiom schema of replacement** is an axiom scheme in set theory that allows for the creation of new sets by replacing items in an existing set according to a specific rule, called a function. If you have a set and you apply a well-defined rule to each item in that set, the new items you create will also form a set. The rules must always be clear and give a unique result for each input.

For example, imagine you have a set S = \{1,2,3\} and you apply the rule "double each number". The output will be a new set, T = \{2,4,6\}. The Axiom schema of replacement tells us that this new collection of items is also a valid set. We might write this as T=2S, which is the **function of replacement**.

The Axiom schema of replacement is important in set theory because it allows us to build new sets, including very large and infinite sets, while keeping everything logically and mathematically consistent.

The Axiom schema or replacement doesn't require the Axiom of choice, but together, they form the foundation for Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory (ZF or ZFC), which is one of the most widely used foundations for modern mathematics.
Alex Hirsch

**Alexander Robert Hirsch** (born June 18, 1985) is an American animator, writer, producer, and voice actor. He was born in the city of Piedmont, California, USA. He got his education in the California Institute of the Arts (BFA). He got famous due to his animated series Gravity Falls, in which he voiced Grunkle Stan, Soos Ramirez, Bill Cipher, and other characters. The show won several trophies such as: BAFTA and Annie. 

In 2016, Hirsch co-authored the *Gravity Falls: Journal 3,* which was issued as a No.1 *New York Times* Best Seller, and stayed on *The New York Times* Best Seller list for 47 days. In 2016, he made a comic called *Gravity Falls: Lost Legends,* which also appeared on *The New York Times* Best Seller list. In 2024, he wrote the *Book of Bill,* which appeared on *Amazon* and *The New York Times* Best Seller List.

## Other websites 
*
Tohoku University

visiting Tohoku Imperial University in 1922]]
 or **Tohokudai** in short,is a public research university in Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. People often call it Tohokudai (東北大, Tōhokudai) or Tonpei (トンペイ, Tompei).

The university was started in 1907. It was the third Imperial University in Japan, after the University of Tokyo and Kyoto University. At first, it focused on science and medicine. Later, it also included humanities (subjects like history, literature, and philosophy).

In 2016, Tohoku University had 10 faculties, 16 graduate schools, and 6 research institutes. It had 17,885 students.

The university has three main values:
*"Research First" (研究第一主義) – Research is the most important.
*"Open-Doors" (門戸開放) – It welcomes many kinds of people.
*"Practice-Oriented Research and Education" (実学尊重) – Learning and research should be useful in real life.

## References 
## Other websites
* Website
Palace of Literature

**Văn Miếu** (, chữ Hán: 文廟), translated as **Palace of Literature**, is a temple dedicated to Confucius in Hanoi, northern Vietnam. The temple was founded and first built in 1070 at the time of Emperor Lý Thánh Tông, it hosted the Imperial Academy (, ), Vietnam's first national university, from 1076 to 1779. In 1803, The academy was moved to the new capital of Nguyen dynasty in Hue.

## References
2023 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament

The '''2023 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament''' was a single-elimination college basketball tournament. There were 68 teams in it. The tournament was for National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I men's college basketball. The winner of it was the national champion for the 2022–23 college basketball season. The tournament started on March 14, 2023. It ended on April 3. The championship game was between the UConn Huskies and San Diego State Aztecs. The Huskies defeated the Aztecs by 17 points (76–59). This was the fifth time the Huskies won the national championship.
2020 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament

The '''2020 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament''' was a planned single-elimination college basketball tournament. There were planned to be 68 teams in it. The tournament was for National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I men's college basketball. The winner would have been the national champion for the 2019–20 college basketball season. The tournament was scheduled to start on March 17, 2020. It would have ended on April 6. The championship game was not held due to the cancellation of the entire tournament.
List of Russian flags

The nation of Russia has designed and used various flags throughout history. Listed in this article are flags — federal, administrative, military, etc. — used between the time of the Tsardom of Russia (1547–1721), Russian Empire (1721–1917) and today's Russian Federation (1991–present day). Also included are flags from the USSR (1922–1991), a country that existed as a federal union of 15 distinct national republics, including the Russian SFSR (1917–1991).

## National
## Subdivisions
Notice: Accounts need to add all 85 subdivisions.

### Republics
### Krais
### Oblasts
# Amur
# Arkhangelsk
# Astrakhan
# Belgorod
# Bryansk
# Chelyabinsk
# Irkutsk
# Ivanovo
# Kaliningrad
# Kaluga
# Kemerovo
# Kirov
# Kostroma
# Kurgan
# Kursk
# Leningrad
# Lipetsk
# Magadan
# Moscow
# Murmansk
# Nizhny Novgorod
# Novgorod
# Novosibirsk
# Omsk
# Orenburg
# Oryol
# Penza
# Pskov
# Rostov
# Ryazan
# Sakhalin
# Samara
# Saratov
# Smolensk
# Sverdlovsk
# Tambov
# Tomsk
# Tver
# Tula
# Tyumen
# Ulyanovsk
# Vladimir
# Volgograd
# Vologda
# Voronezh
# Yaroslavl

## Related pages
*Flag of Russia
Anomaloglossus stepheni

'''Stephen's rocket frog'*  (*Anomaloglossus stepheni'') is a frog.  It lives in Pará and Amazonas in Brazil and in Suriname.

## Body
The adult male frog is 14-17 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog was 16-18 mm long. The skin of the frog's back is more than one brown. There is a darn brown stripe from the nose to the middle of the body. There are blue-white dots under it and on the toes. The male frog's voice sac is white or gray in color. Young frogs have dark heads and light brown backs.

## Home
These frogs are awake during the day. These frogs live on the dead leaves on the ground in forests that have never been cut down and forests that are growing back.

This species lives in the leaf-litter of old growth and secondary tropical rainforest. It lays its eggs on land, and tadpoles are nidicolous

Scientists have seen this frog inside protected places: Área de Proteção Ambiental de Presidente Figueiredo - Caverna do Moroaga, Floresta Nacional de Saraca-Taquera, Floresta de Faro, Reserva Biológica de Uatuma, Reserva Biológica do Rio Trombetas, Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, and Reserva Extrativitsa Riozinho do Anfrisio.

## Food
Adult frogs eat termites, flies, and beetles. Young frogs eat collembolans and mites.

## Young
The frogs have young between November and March. The female frog lays eggs on the sides of rolled leaves. She lays 3-6 eggs at a time. The tadpoles grow in nests on land. The male frog watches the eggs and tadpoles.

## Danger
Scientists say this frog is not in danger of dying out.  The forests are large.

## References
Jimmy Gomez

**Jimmy Gomez** (born November 25, 1974) is an American politician who is a U.S. representative.

Born and raised in Southern California, Gomez is the son of working-class immigrant parents.

## References
Brad Sherman

**Bradley James Sherman** (born October 24, 1954) is an American accountant and politician who is the U.S. representative for California's 32nd congressional district.

Sherman was born in Los Angeles,

## References
Platinum group

In chemistry, the **platinum group** are six chemical elements that are grouped together because they have many things in common. The group is named after platinum, the most common element in the group, and also includes palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, osmium, and iridium.

## Properties 
Platinum group metals are noble metals, meaning they do not tarnish or corrode in air. They are very dense, osmium being the densest element on the periodic table.

## Occurrence and production 
The platinum group metals have very similar chemical and physical properties, so they are often found together, and are difficult to separate. They are often found alongside copper and nickel.

Methods for separating platinum group metals are often trade secrets, and rely on specific coordination complexes and salts to precipitate specific metals from solution in sequence.

## References
No Mercy (2002)

**No Mercy (2002)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It took place on October 20, 2002, at the Alltel Arena in North Little Rock, Arkansas. It was the fifth No Mercy event held by WWE.

## Results
### Tournament bracket
The tournament was held between October 3 and October 20, 2002. The tournament brackets were:

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Triflic acid

of triflic acid showing atoms as colored balls. The white atom is hydrogen, the red atoms are oxygen, the yellow atom is sulfur, the black atom is carbon, and the yellow-green atoms are fluorine.]]

**Triflic acid** is a chemical compound related to sulfuric acid. Because it is a stronger acid than pure sulfuric acid, it is called a superacid. Triflic acid is one of the most used superacids, mostly as a catalyst. Salts of triflic acid are called **triflates**.

It is also known by the systematic name **trifluoromethanesulfonic acid**. The chemical formula of triflic acid is written , but is also often abbreviated as , where Tf is the functional group , called **triflyl**.

It is a sulfonic acid, meaning one of the pairs of hydrogen and oxygen atoms in sulfuric acid has been replaced with a carbon atom. In triflic acid, this carbon atom is connected to three fluorine atoms, which makes a functional group called trifluoromethyl.
The Hunting Party

***The Hunting Party*** is the sixth studio album by American rock band Linkin Park. It was released on June 17, 2014, by Warner Bros. Records and Machine Shop. Produced by Mike Shinoda and Brad Delson, it was the band's first album since *Meteora* (2003) not produced by Rick Rubin.

This album has a heavier rock sound, different from the electronic style of their previous albums *A Thousand Suns* (2010) and *Living Things* (2012). It also features guest musicians like Page Hamilton (Helmet), Daron Malakian (System of a Down), Tom Morello (Rage Against the Machine), and rapper Rakim. Five singles were released: "Guilty All the Same," "Until It's Gone," "Wastelands," "Rebellion," and "Final Masquerade."

The album got good reviews. Critics liked its return to a heavier sound. It debuted at number 3 on the *Billboard* 200 chart and was ranked number 4 on *Revolver’s* list of the best albums of 2014. It was later certified Platinum in the U.S. for selling over one million copies.

## References
Sulfonic acid

A **sulfonic acid** is a chemical compound related to sulfuric acid, where one of the pairs of oxygen and hydrogen atoms (called a hydroxy group, ) in sulfuric acid is replaced with a carbon atom. Because of the chemical bond between sulfur and carbon, sulfonic acids are a type of organosulfur compound. Sulfonic acids are ingredients in detergents (alkylbenzene sulfonate), medications (sulfa drugs), and some dyes.

The parent compound, which has hydrogen instead of carbon, would also be called "sulfonic acid" (). but research has shown that it is a tautomer of sulfurous acid (), meaning that the two chemicals change into each other so easily that they can never be separated. Pure sulfurous acid has never been produced, as it disproportionates to sulfur dioxide and water.

## References
Al-Ahli Saudi FC

**Al-Ahli** is a Saudi Arabian professional football club from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. It currently play in Saudi Professional League. 

They are one of the most successful teams in Saudi Arabia. They have won the Saudi Professional League three times, the King's Cup 13 times, the Saudi Crown Prince Cup six times, the Saudi Super Cup two times, and the Saudi Federation Cup five times. They also won the AFC Champions League Elite in the 2024–25 season, the Arab Club Champions Cup in 2002

Al-Ahli were relegated for the first time in the 2021–22 season, although they would be promoted as champions in their only second division season.

## Players 
## References 
## Other websites 
*
Manipur Levy

The **Manipur Levy** was the first standing army established in Manipur. It was formed during the Manipur national struggle against Burmese rule, which occurred during the period known as the Chahi Taret Khuntakpa (1819–1826 CE). The Manipur Levy played a critical role in the resistance against Burmese occupation and the eventual liberation of the kingdom. The army was established under the leadership of Maharaj Gambhir Singh, who is recognized as a key figure in the national movement and a significant contributor to the formation of modern Manipur.

## Background 
### Burmese Occupation of Manipur 
The early 19th century marked a period of political instability in Manipur, primarily due to the expansionist policies of the Burmese Empire. This instability facilitated Burmese intervention in Manipur’s internal affairs, particularly during the reigns of Maharaja Bhagyachandra’s successors.

## Related pages 
* Meitei martial arts
* Meitei traditional weapons
* Meitei traditional toys
* Meitei traditional games
* Meitei monuments in Bangladesh
* Meitei clothing in Bangladesh
* Meitei clothing in Myanmar

## Bibliography 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## References