open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Cryosphere

The **cryosphere** is the part of the Earth’s surface where water is in solid form, including sea ice, lake ice, river ice, snow cover, glaciers, ice caps and ice sheets, and frozen ground (which includes permafrost). It often overlaps with the hydrosphere, the water on, under and over the surface of the Earth. The cryosphere is an important part of the global climate system. It influences surface energy, clouds, precipitation, hydrology, and the way both air and water move about in the atmosphere and oceans. The cryosphere is important to understanding how the climate of Earth works and how it affects global climate. The word *cyrosphere* comes from the Greek word *cryo* meaning "cold" or "to cold".
Jute

**Jute** is a vegetable fibre. It is very cheap to produce, and its production levels are similar to that of cotton. It is a bast fibre, like hemp, and flax. Coarse fabrics made of jute are called hessian, or burlap in America. Like all natural fibres, Jute is biodegradable. "Jute" is the name of the plant or fiber that is used to make burlap, Hessian or gunny cloth. It is very rough and is very difficult to cut or tear.

The jute plant is easily grown in tropical countries like Bangladesh and India. India is the largest producer of jute in the world. Jute is less expensive than cotton, but cotton is better for quality clothes. Jute is used to make various products: packaging materials, jute bags,  expensive carpets, espadrilles, sweaters etc.
It is obtained from the bark of the jute plant. Jute plants are easy to grow, have a high yield per acre and, unlike cotton, have little need for pesticides and fertilizers.

In Iran, archaeologists have found jute existing since the Bronze Age.

## References
Bryan Hopkin

**Sir Bryan Hopkin** (7 December 1914 – 10 October 2009) was a Welsh economist.  He spent a lot of his career giving economic advice to the British government.  At other times he taught economics at university.  He did not agree with the economic policies of Margaret Thatcher.

## Life
Hopkin went to Barry Grammar School and then studied at St John's College, Cambridge, where he was a student of John Maynard Keynes.  He then studied at Manchester University.

In 1941, during the Second World War, Hopkin was working as a civil servant at the Ministry of Health. Winston Churchill chose him to be part of the government's statistical team.  He spent many years advising the government, before becoming Professor of Economics at Cardiff University in 1972.

He became head of the Government Economic Service in 1973, and gave advice to Denis Healey.  It was a hard time for Healey because the unions were asking for big pay increases and inflation was rising.  Hopkin helped Healey to persuade people to stick to the pay policy he had made.  Then Hopkins returned to work at the university, from where he criticized Margaret Thatcher's policies.  The economy was not going well, and Mrs Thatcher wanted to make cuts in government spending.  Hopkin and many other economists disagreed.  They thought the government should spend money instead to help the economy.

Hopkin was made CBE in 1961 and knighted in 1971.  In 1938 he married Renée Recour (d. 2002), and they had two sons.  Sir Bryan Hopkin died in Bedford.

## References
Robbinsville Township, New Jersey

**Robbinsville** is a township in Mercer County, New Jersey. As of the year 2020, 15,476 people live in Robbinsville. The town was incorporated, or created as a town, on March 15, 1859.

## Geography
Robbinsville is 20.5 square miles in size. In 2022, the median household income was about $161,526. The main transportation systems within Robbinsvile are US Route 130, Route 33, Interstate 195 and the New Jersey Turnpike (Interstate 95). Trenton-Robbinsville Airport is also located within Robbinsville. About 30,000 aircraft enter and exit the airport a year.

## References
Mercer County, New Jersey

**Mercer County** is a county in New Jersey, United States of America. Trenton, the capital of New Jersey, is in Mercer County. As of the year 2020, 387,340 people lived in the county. Mercer County was founded in the year 1838.

## References
Troup County, Georgia

**Troup County** is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia.  As of 2020, 69,426 people lived there. The county seat is LaGrange.

## History
The land that makes up Troup County as well as other (Lee, Muscogee, Coweta and Carroll) was taken from the Creek people in 1825. This was done through a treaty called the Treaty of Indian Springs. The counties' area were created by the Georgia General Assembly on June 9, 1826. They were not named until December 14, 1826.

The county is named for George Troup. Troup was the thirty-fourth governor of Georgia, a member of the United States House of Representatives, and a U.S. senator.

## Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 446&nbsp;square miles (1,155&nbsp;km²). Of this area, 414&nbsp;square miles (1,072&nbsp;km²) is land and 32&nbsp;square miles (83&nbsp;km²) of it (7.19%) is water.

### Major highways
* Interstate 85
* Interstate 185
* U.S. Highway 27
* U.S. Highway 29
* Georgia State Route 14
* Georgia State Route 18
* Georgia State Route 54

### Adjacent counties
*Coweta County (northeast)
*Meriwether County (east)
*Harris County (south)
*Chambers County, Alabama (southwest)
*Randolph County, Alabama (northwest)
*Heard County (north-northwest)

## Demographics
At the 2020 census, 69,426 people lived in the county. There were 26,317 households and 1,565 people who did not live in households. The population density was 167.7 people per square mile (64.7/km²). The median age was 38.1 years (36.6 for males, 39.4 for females).

Of the total population, 24.3% were under 18 years old, 59.3% were 18 to 64, and 16.4% were 65 or over. Males made up 47.8% and females made up 52.2% of the people. The population was 54.9% White (non-Latino), 34.8% Black (non-Latino), 4.3% Hispanic or Latino, 2.3% Asian, and 3.2% *Two or more races* (non-Latino). Less than 1% of the people were from other races.

Of the 26,317 households, 18,150 (69.0%) were families, 8,845 (33.6%) had children under 18, 11,148 (42.4%) had a married couple, and 6,920 (26.3%) had one person living alone. The average household size was 2.6 people. There were 28,721 housing units, and 91.6% had people living in them all year. Of these households, 59.1% were owner-occupied, while 40.9% were renters.

As of 2022, the median (middle) yearly income for a household was about $53,599, and the median income for a family was about $69,126. The per capita income was about $29,562. About 15.6% of families and 19.2% of all people in Troup County lived below the poverty line. This includes 25.6% of children under 18 years old and 14.1% of people over 65 years old.

## Cities and towns 
*Hogansville
*LaGrange
*West Point
*Mountville, Georgia (Unincorporated)
*Harrisonville, Georgia (Unincorporated)

## References
Plessy v. Ferguson

***Plessy v. Ferguson***, , was a United States Supreme Court case that ruled segregation was legal, as long as equal facilities were provided for both races. The decision was handed down by a vote of 7 to 1. The majority opinion was written by Justice Henry Billings Brown, and the minority opinion was written by Justice John Marshall Harlan. 

In 1954, *Brown v. Board of Education* partially overturned the *Plessy v. Ferguson* ruling.

## Background 
The State of Louisiana passed a law saying that whites and blacks had to ride in different cars on trains, but required that the train cars be "equal". Homer Plessy, who was one-eighth black (meaning that one of his eight great-grandparents was black) was arrested for riding in a whites-only car. He challenged the Louisiana law, saying it was against the United States Constitution. Plessy argued that the state law which required East Louisiana Railroad to segregate trains had denied him his rights under the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution.

## The Decision 
The Supreme Court, in a 7-1 decision, ruled that the Louisiana law was . They said that requiring whites and blacks to ride in separate trains did not harm blacks in any way. Justice John Marshall Harlan was the only justice who thought the law was against the Constitution. He thought segregation made black Americans feel . He said that the Constitution is "color blind" and that the law should not treat any group better than any other group.

## *Brown* and *Plessy* 
In 1954, the United States Supreme Court made it illegal to segregate schools by race. Chief Justice Earl Warren even ruled that "separate facilities are [always] unequal". 

However, Brown did not make it illegal to segregate in any other places, aside from schools. Segregation in other places was still legal. This means that Brown overturned *part* of *Plessy v. Ferguson* by making school segregation illegal, but it did not overturn the entire law. The entire law wasn't overturned until the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

## Related pages
* Racial segregation
* History of racial segregation in the United States
* Jim Crow laws

## References
Gochujang

***Gochujang*** () is a savory, fermented Korean food. It is made from red chili, glutinous rice, fermented soybeans and salt. It is used to add flavour to a variety of Korean foods such as *bibimbab* (), *bulgogi* (), and *tteokbokki* (). 

## Ingredients 
The main ingredients of *gochujang* are red chili powder, glutinous rice powder mixed with powdered fermented soybeans, and salt. Each serving contains 8.9% of protein, 4.1% lipid, 15.9% of carbohydrate, and 3.5% of fibre. It has more Vitamin B than *doenjang* and *ganjang*. It contains 5mg of Vitamin C per gram and 2,445mg of carotene per 100 gram.

One peculiar ingredient is capsaicin which is main cause of hot taste. Some people put salted fish or meat into *gochujang*.

## History 
*Gochujang* (hot pepper paste) has been made since chili was introduced from Japan in 1592, during the middle period of the *Chosun Dynasty* (). According to *Jung-Bo-Sal-Lim-Kyung-Jae* (), written in 1766, it was made from beans, sweet from glutinous rice, hot from red peppers, and salty. Since that time, making *gochujang* became rapidly popular. In *Nong-Ga-Wol-Lyung-Ga* (), there is content regarding making it.

## Types 
Different types of *gochujang* are made by adding different ingredients in the production process. Recipes are slightly different depending on the parts of Korea it comes from. The most common types of *gochujang* are listed below.

* Glutinous rice Gochujang

Made by mixing glutinous rice powder with powdered fermented soybeans red peppers, which are the basic ingredients of Gochujang.

* Kaoliang Gochujang 

made by adding kaoliang.

* Barley Gochujang 

made by adding barley. Popularly used as *Ssam-Jang* (쌈장) in summer. 

* Wheat Gochujang 

made by adding wheat. Used for making *Jji-Gae*s (찌개, stews), and *Jang-A-Jji* (장아찌, Pickled Vegetables)

* Red-bean Gochujang

made by adding red-beans. Used in *Cho-Gochujang* (초고추장) thanks to the beautiful red color.

## References 
* 이춘자, Lee Chun-Ja/ 장 醬/ 대원사, Dae Won Sa/ 2003/ pp. 89 – 107
* 김찬곤, Kim Chan-Gon, 한국문화관광부, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism/ 우리 민족 문화 상징 100/한솔수북, Han Sol Su Book/ 2006/ pp. 67 - 69
Sujebi

**Sujebi** () is a traditional Korean soup. It is a Korean-style pasta soup consisting of hand-torn dough flakes with various vegetables and has been eaten from the early Goryeo period. In ancient times, when the Korea people were poor, they didn't have much foodstuffs and so made *sujebi* with small quantity of dough and leftover vegetables. In addition, rice was rare after the Korean War, so many people ate sujebi instead of rice because wheat flour was cheaper at that time. However, *sujebi* with various kinds of ingredients was considered a special food, so it was eaten on special days like a celebration day or feast. Nowadays, there are many kinds of sujebi and many people enjoy it as a health food. It is similar to another Korean traditional food *Kalguksu*, but *Kalsuksu* is made with noodles while *sujebi* is made with wheat flakes. Both of them are considered as proper food for a rainy day due to its hot and rich flavored broth. It is usually eaten with kimchi.

## Origin 
It was during the mid Joseon period that *sujebi* was named. Its name was originally came from Chinese letter 手(su, 수) meaning ‘hand’ and 摺(jeop, 접) meaning ‘folding’. The pronunciation has been changed as time passes for the ease of articulation. It is called differently depending on the regions, but sujebi is the standard word and most commonly used.

## Classification 
Generally, there are two kinds of *sujebi* depending on the type of broth. One is with Korean clear soup, and the other is with seaweed soup. In the former one, dough flakes are roughly torn by hand, whereas in the latter one, dough flakes are round shaped. This round-shaped dough is called "Saeal"(새알 in Korean). When people order or make *sujebi*, it usually refers to the former one in Korea. Then, it is again classified as various types depending on other ingredients. Typically, there are *potato sujebi* which includes potatoes and *seafood sujebi* with seafood. However, many restaurants are making new sujebi variations to attract customers these days.
Rohingya language

The Rohingya language is a sub branch of the eastern Indo-Aryan languages that is spoken by approximately 1 million in Arakan (which is in Burma), Half a million in Makkah, Jeddah, and Madinah of Saudi Arabia, 300,000 in Karachi and Pakistan, 200,000 in Cox's Bazaar District of Bangladesh (2006), 30,000 in Malaysia, and others in Thailand, UAE and India. It has many alternate names, including: Rohinga, Rohinja, Ruaingga, Arakani, and Arakanese. The Rohingya language is related to the Bengali language. The Rohingya language uses a lot of words from other languages, like Arabic and English. This is due to history (the Rohingya are Muslim and Arabic is an important language in their religion, Islam) and culture (they interacted with the English and many other different groups).

## Alphabet 
The Rohingya language has many different alphabets. People have a hard time trying to agree on a single alphabet to write in. They can write in: Burmese alphabet, Arabic alphabet, or the Latin alphabet (the ABCs). A Rohingya man named Mohammed Hanif created the Hanafi alphabet, which is suitable to write the language in. However, not many computers can support the Hanafi alphabet. So for the time being, many Rohingya use the ABCs when they use computers and phones.

## Sounds 
Rohinya has 25 consonant sounds and 6 vowel sounds.

## Grammar 
Rohingya is a subject-object-verb language. For example, "I love you" in English would be "I you love" in Rohingya.

## Sample text 
The following text is Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights:

**Rohingya:** Manúic beggún azad hísafe, ar izzot arde hók ókkol ót, fúainna hísafe foida óiye. Fottí insán óttu honó forók sára elan ot aséde tamám hók ókkol arde azadi ókkol loi fáaida goróon ór hók asé. Ar, taráre dil arde demak diyé. Ótolla, taráttu ekzon loi arekzon bái hísafe maamela goróon saá.

**English:** All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
## References
Southern California

of Southern California]]
**Southern California** is a region of California. The definitions of it vary, but it usually contains the area around Los Angeles and San Diego, as well as the "Inland Empire" of San Bernardino and Riverside Counties. Over twenty million people live in Southern California. The ten counties of Southern California include Imperial County, Kern County, Los Angeles County, Orange County, Riverside County, San Bernardino County, San Diego County, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara County, and Ventura County.

## Related pages
* Northern California
Chocolate brownie

A **chocolate brownie** (or simply called a **brownie**) is an American dessert or snack made with chocolate. It is named after the color brown. It tastes like a cross between a cake and a cookie. Unlike other cakes, it is baked without baking powder so it is much thicker. It is normally served cut into squares or rectangles. It can be eaten as a snack, or with ice cream or whipped cream as a dessert.

## Origin
There is no clear record of how brownies were first made. They were first made in the late 1880s. The first known recipe for brownies was in the 1897 Sears, Roebuck Catalogue. The most popular story about the  of the brownie is about a housewife in Bangor, Maine. It says that the house wife forgot to add baking powder to a chocolate cake she was making. The cake did not rise but it was still delicious. Chocolate brownies are also very popular dessert in the United Kingdom.

## Types of brownies
There are different types of brownie. They are either chewy or cake-like depending on the recipe. Sometimes nuts or chocolate chips are added, or icing or caramel is put on top. A brownie with brown sugar and no chocolate are sometimes called a blondie. Sometimes, brownies are crackled on top, which means the inside is extra soft. Brownies are very yummy and easy to make. They can be made with a pack (Betty Crocker box) or from scratch. Sometimes you can put whip cream or chocolate sauce on it, and it will taste very good.

## Other websites
* Chocolate brownie recipe
Military strategy

A **military strategy** is a set of ideas or policy used by armed forces to get the results they want. Strategy is used to win combat, battles and wars. It involves planning, logistics (the movement and use of forces and equipment), and the  of the enemy.

Carl von Clausewitz is considered the creator of modern military strategy.

## Related pages
*Geopolitics
*Military science

## References
## Other websites
*http://www.molossia.org/milacademy/strategy.html
Trenton–Robbinsville Airport

**Trenton-Robbinsville Airport** is a privately owned airport in Robbinsville, New Jersey. It has a 4,275 foot (1,303 meter) long asphalt runway.

## Other Information
*Airport Type: Public
*Elevation: 119&nbsp;ft above sea level
*Coordinates: 40° 12′ 50.19″ N, 74° 36′ 6.46″ W
*FAA Location Identifier: N87

## References
*Airport Home Page
Civilization IV

***Civilization IV*** is a strategy computer game released in 2005. It is build by the company Firaxis Games. It is a turn based game where the player builds an empire from the ancient era, into the modern era. In this time, the player is tasked with researching technology, managing a military, declaring war, engaging in diplomacy, spreading religions, managing governmental systems and building wonders of the world. There is an option as playing as one of 18 historical civilizations, each with at least on historical leader. Different nations and leaders have different advantages, disadvantages, and special military units to construct. It has two expansions. The first was *Warlords* and the second was *Beyond the Sword*. It was released in 7 languages: Chinese, French, German, Spanish, English, Japanese and Italian. 

## References
* Civilization 4 Review
Sarawan

The **Sarawan Country** was a division of the former  state of State of Kalat in Baluchistan, Pakistan. Its area was 4,339 square miles.
Swat (princely state)

**Swat** () was a princely state and is now part of Pakistan. Swat was part of the Mughal Empire ruled by local rulers, known as *Akhoond* or *Akhwand*. 

From 1926 until 1947, Swat was a princely state in British Raj, and in 1947 it acceded to Pakistan. It lay to the north of the modern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa of Pakistan until it was dissolved in 1969. It incorporated the current states of Swat, Buner and Shangla.
Kim Gu

**Kim Gu** (Hangul: 김구, July 11, 1876 – June 26, 1949) was a Korean independence activist and politician. He was the President of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea three times. Kim was the 6th, 12th, and 13th (and final) president. He was the leader of the Korean independence movement against Japanese Imperialism and a reunification activist. Kim was also called **Baekbeom**. It was his pen name. He is a well respected person to many Korean people. Prime Minister 1921 to 1927 and Interior Minister of Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea 1923 to 1924.

## Early life
Kim was born in Hwanghae, Korea in 1876. At the age of 15, he studied the Chinese language. (한학; 漢學). In 1893, he joined the Donghak movement. He became the regional leader for Haeju. The next year, while he was leading the Donghak Peasant Revolution, he went to Manchuria to escape from Japanese soldiers. In 1896, he returned to Korea and killed Josuke Tsuchida, a Japanese soldier. He killed Tsuchida as  for the 1895 assassination of Empress Myeongseong of the Korean Empire. Empress Myeongseong was killed by Miura Goro, a Japanese assassin.

After the March 1st Movement in 1919, Kim Gu exiled himself to Shanghai, China. He joined the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea. From that time, he started fighting against Japanese Imperialism. He wanted independence for Korea. He organized the Korea Patriotic Legion. It was a nationalist group. He told Yoon Bong-Gil to bomb the ceremony for the Emperor's birthday at Hongkeou Park in Shanghai. Also, he had Lee Bong-chang try to kill the Japanese Emperor Hirohito in Tokyo. This ended up with failure. Kim also created the Korean Liberation Army. He was re-elected several times as the leader of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea.

After the independence of Korea on 15 August 1945, he came back to Seoul. He worked as a right-wing politician with Lee Seung Man and Kim Kyu-sik. He tried to prevent the division of the Korean peninsula. In 1948, he tried to stop South Korea’s national election and to start negotiations between South and North Korea. This failed.

## Death
In June 26, 1949, Kim was shot dead by a Korean soldier, Ahn Doo-hee. Ahn was later killed by a taxi driver in 1996. Many people think there must have been a conspiracy. Some people said that he was ordered by Rhee Syng-man. It is not known if this is true. In 1962, he was awarded the Republic of Korea Medal of Order of Merit for National Foundation. He wrote *Baekbeomilji* (*Journal of Baekbeom*). It is his autobiography. It is important both historically and education. His funeral was held at July 5,1949

## Book 
* Autobiography, 《Dowaesilki》(도왜실기, 1932)
* 《Baikbumilji》(백범일지, 1947)

## Related pages
* Kim Kyusik
* Rhee Syng-man
* Kim Seong-Su
* Chang Myon
* Kim Won-bong
* Park Hon-Yong

## References 
*Definition in Knowledge Encyclopedia (in Chinese)
Book Off

**Book Off** () is Japan’s biggest chain of second hand bookstores. It is operated by Book Off Corporation Limited. The first Book Off store opened in May, 1990. The first franchisee Book Off store opened in Nov, 1991. The success of the business expanded to 917 stores in Japan and 14 stores abroad (8 in US, 3 in France, 2 in Korea, and 1 in Canada). Book Off sells books including comic books, magazines, and novels, and also sells CDs, DVDs, and Game software. Books are grouped by genres, writers, and prices. The overseas Book Off stores sell second hand books from Japan and also from its own country. Book Off not only sells the second hand books, but also buys the books from customers. For that reason Book Off’s theme copy is “お売りください” which means “Please, sell us your book”. The company uses this copy rather than ”We buy your book” to show respect to customers.

Some Book Off chains, especially ones abroad, have various signboard designs, but still they share the symbol colors of Book Off which are yellow, blue, and red. Book Off has its mascot **"Yomuyomukun (Mr. Yomu-yomu)"** holding a book in his hands. "Yomu (読む)" in Japanese means "read". Another uniqueness of Book Off is the employees’ loud greeting. Employees shout “いらっしゃいませ! (irashaimase! : welcome!)” when customers enter, and "ありがとうございました! (arigatou gozaimasita! : thank you!)” when customers leave the shop. Book Off chain stores abroad also greet customers with Japanese. 

From 1999 Book Off Corporation Limited started to expand the business into other second hand stores. B-Kids, B-Sports, B-Style, B-Life and B-Select cover second hand baby goods, children wear, sports goods, ladies’ and men’s wear, interior goods, and accessories respectively. After the first B-Kid store opened in Apr, 1999, now there are 26 B-Kids, 32 B-Style, 24 B-Sports stores in Japan. Book Off charges about 81% of the business and the other type of stores charge 19% of the entire sales.

## Other websites 
* Book Off Global Website Book Off official English language website
Baekje

**Baekje** was ancient kingdom on the Korean Peninsula from 18 BCE to 660 CE. Baekje was also called **Nam Buyeo**. According to the Samguk Sagi, a historical record published in ancient Korea, Baekje was founded by Onjo at Wiryeseong (the present-day Han River area in Seoul). Baekje was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea together with Goguryeo and Silla. Beakje, Goguryeo and Silla tried to expand each of their lands by allying and making war against one another. 

In the 4th century, Baekje conquered almost every southern part of the Korean Peninsula and flourished by accepting Buddhism and reforming its system. Also, due to its advantageous natural environment, Baekje easily traded with China and Japan. Especially Baekje established goodwill relationships with Japanese rulers of the Kofun period and transmitted its advanced culture such as pottery and Buddhism to Japan.

However, in the 5th century, Baekje was defeated by Goguryeo. It suffered the loss of its capital. Baekje moved its capital to Ungjin. In 6th century, King Seong decided to move capital to Sabi to restore Baekje's glorious past. Baekje was ruined by Silla at 660. Although Baekje was destroyed at that time, many ill-fated attempts were existed to restore Baekje from its descendants.

## References
Saturday Night's Main Event

'''''Saturday Night's Main Event''''' is a professional wrestling television show that is aired as a special by WWE. It first aired from 1985 to 1992, with WWE then known as the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). Saturday Night's Main Event was a tremendous ratings success for NBC during its heyday, most notably on the March 14, 1987 show, which drew an 11.6 rating, which to this day remains the highest rating any show has ever done in that time slot. That show was headlined by a battle royal featuring Hulk Hogan and André the Giant, who were slated to face each other at WrestleMania III. As Hogan rarely wrestled on the WWF syndicated and cable television shows, Saturday Night's Main Event was the program on free television where most viewers were able to see him in action. 31 episodes were made during this time.

Saturday Night's Main Event was brought back by WWE on March 18, 2006. Five episodes were made, with the last one airing on August 2, 2008. In 2022, WWE started using the Saturday Night's Main Event name for their house shows that took place on Saturdays. On September 17, 2024. WWE announced that it would bring back Saturday Night's Main Event as a TV show. Its return episode aired on December 14 on NBC and also streamed live on Peacock.

## The Main Event
The success of Saturday Night's Main Event led to several Friday night prime time specials, known as The Main Event. The first of these, on February 5, 1988 featured a WrestleMania III rematch between Hogan and André and drew 33 million viewers and a 15.2 rating, which is still the highest-rated television show in professional wrestling history. This event was shown live. The late night shows however were always taped 1–2 weeks before airing.

## References
Generator (Bad Religion album)

***Generator*** is the sixth album released by the American punk rock band Bad Religion. Although the album was recorded and finished in May 1991, it was not officially released until March 1992. 100,000 copies of the album were shipped.

*Generator* was also the band's first release with drummer Bobby Schayer, who replaced Pete Finestone during the *Against the Grain* tour. Today, *Generator* has been remembered as one of the best albums to emerge from the early 90s punk scene, and one of the most enduring works of Bad Religion's career.

A video was made for "Atomic Garden". It is available for watching here . This was the first video Bad Religion ever released.

## Track List
#"Generator" (Gurewitz) - 3:21
#"Too Much to Ask" (Graffin) - 2:45
#"No Direction" (Graffin) - 3:14
#"Tomorrow" (Graffin) - 1:56
#"Two Babies in the Dark" (Gurewitz) - 2:25
#"Heaven Is Falling" (Gurewitz) - 2:04
#"Atomic Garden" (Gurewitz) - 3:10
#"The Answer" (Graffin) - 3:21
#"Fertile Crescent" (Graffin) - 2:08
#"Chimaera" (Graffin) - 2:28
#"Only Entertainment" (Graffin) - 3:12

## References
*http://www.thebrpage.net/theanswer/?article=generator_(album)
Niklas Hjalmarsson

**Niklas Hjalmarsson** (born June 6, 1987 in Eksjö, Sweden) is a Swedish professional ice hockey player that currently plays for the Arizona Coyotes of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for their farm team the Rockford IceHogs of the AHL and the Chicago Blackhawks (NHL). Although he spent the majority of his time on the IceHogs, He earned a regular spot on the Chicago Blackhawks roster after James Wisniewski was traded to the Anaheim Ducks. Hjalmarsson won the Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks in 2010.

On July 9, 2010, He signed an offer sheet with the San Jose Sharks which was for 4 years and $14 million. The Blackhawks matched it and Hjalmarsson became the first defenceman in 13 years to receive an offer sheet as a restricted free agent. On June 24, 2013, He won his second Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks after they defeated the Boston Bruins 4 games to 2 in the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals.

## Career statistics
## References
## Other websites
*
*
Dustin Byfuglien

**Dustin Byfuglien** (pronounced Buff-lin; born March 27, 1985 in Minneapolis, Minnesota) is an American former professional ice hockey player. He played a total of 11 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Chicago Blackhawks, Atlanta Thrashers, and Winnipeg Jets.

He won the Stanley Cup with the Chicago Blackhawks in 2010. He became the first African American to win the cup.

Byfuglien played junior hockey with the Brandon Wheat Kings and Prince George Cougars of the Western Hockey League (WHL).

## Career statistics 
### Regular season and playoffs
### International
## References
## Other websites 
* 
*
Ash (band)

**Ash** is an alternative rock band from Downpatrick, Northern Ireland. They officially formed in 1992, when the frontman Tim Wheeler and the bassist Mark Hamilton were only 15. Then, Rick "Rock" McMurray joined the band as drummer and Charlotte Haterley (who left the band in 2006) as second guitar and vocalist.

## Other websites 
* Official Ash Site
* The Ash Files – Ash live recordings resource, moderated by the band themselves
* Ash Photography 
* Ash at Reading festival  & Leeds festival 
* Interview in LeftLion Magazine 2007 
* Ash interview (Oct 2007) on Record Overplayed webzine 
* *Twilight of the Innocents* interview
* Ash A-Z singles Interview on God Is In The TV Zine
Tomáš Kopecký

**Tomáš Kopecký** (pronounced "koh-PEHT-skee"; born 5 February 1982 in Ilava, Czechoslovakia) is a former professional Slovakian ice hockey player that played as a left winger for the Florida Panthers of the National Hockey League (NHL). He previously played four seasons with the Detroit Red Wings and played 2 seasons with the Chicago Blackhawks. He is married and has two sons named Jakub and Tobias.

In 2010, He won the Stanley Cup with the Chicago Blackhawks making him a two-time Stanley Cup champion.

## Career statistics
## Awards
*He won the Stanley Cup in 2008. (Detroit Red Wings)
*He was a member of the 2010 Member of the Slovakia Winter Olympic Team.
*He won the Stanley Cup in 2010. (Chicago Blackhawks)

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Yut

**Yut** is a traditional Korean board game played mainly during the period from Korean New Year to the first full moon. *Cheok-sa* and *sa-hee* are the other names of the game. Its origin is not clear, but it seems that the game was started from the age of ancient Korea called Three-Kingdoms. The game is played by throwing four sticks, and moving marks on the board according to shapes of the sticks that fell down. During Korean New Year, many people play the game because it can be enjoyed anywhere by players of any age.

## Tools 
The equipment of the game consists of a board, four yut sticks, and four marks, called *mal*, per each team. The board, which is normally rectangular shaped, is made of various materials like stitched cloth, paper, or leather. It includes a circle with a cross in the center, and 28 circles around this cross. The sticks determine how far a *mal* can advance. The stick has two sides; one is round, and the other flat. It is usually made of wood from chestnut trees. Players can move their *mal* from one circle to another, based on the results that their sticks indicate. Any item can be used for a *mal*, if it can be distinguished from the *mal* of opposite teams. 

## Rules 
The facing of the sticks after being thrown indicate the movements of each team’s *mal*. There are five possibilities: *do, gae, geol, yut*, and *mo*, meaning five livestock, pigs, dogs, cow, sheep, and horses. *Do*, when the flat side of only one stick faces upward, means a one-step advance. When two flat sides are up, it means *gae*, which is a two-step advance. *Geol* is three flat sides up, which is a three-step advance, and *yut*, where all four sticks are lying flat side up, means a four-step advance. When all four sticks face round side up, it is *mo* which means a five-step advance. Each team normally throw the sticks in turn, but players get one more chance to throw the sticks when they throw a *yut* or *mo*.

File:Yut do.jpg|*do*
File:Yut gae.jpg|*gae*
File:Yut geol.jpg|*geol*
File:Yut yut.jpg|*yut*
File:Yut mo.jpg|*mo*

Players can move only one *mal* per each movement, unless *mals* are grouped in one. When a *mal* reaches the big circles in the center, or reaches the others in each corner, players can move their *mal* in a shortcut. There are four possible routes to move *mal* when considering shortcuts. When a *mal* reaches a circle that is already occupied by a *mal* of an opposing team, the *mal* of the opposing team is captured by the new mal, and must restart from the starting point. If a mal lands on a circle with another mal of same team, the two mals can make a group, and move together. The first team causing all of their mals to reach the starting point again becomes the winner of game.

File:Yut Route1.gif|Route 1
File:Yut Route2.gif|Route 2
File:Yut Route3.gif|Route 3
File:Yut Route4.gif|Route 4

## References 
*Kim Sang-hoon "Yut playing, a traditional four-stick game" http://www.prkorea.com/engnews/index.cgi?action=detail&number=398&thread=10r01 
*http://100.nate.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=K&i=251024
*http://www.gwangcheon.es.kr/bosco/min38.htm
Pat Sajak

**Pat Sajak** (October 26, 1946) is an American retired game show host. He hosted *Wheel of Fortune* from 1981 to 2024.

Sajak was on *Super Password* several times from 1984–1989, as well as *Password Plus* in 1981.  Other game shows on which Sajak guested were *Dream House* and *Just Men!*.

Sajak hosted a late-night talk show on CBS called *The Pat Sajak Show* from January 1989 to April 1990. More recently, he filled in for Regis Philbin on *Live with Regis and Kelly*.

In 1982, he appeared in the film *Airplane II: The Sequel.*

In June 2023, Sajak decided to retire as host of Wheel of Fortune. His last show aired on June 7, 2024.
## References
## Other websites 
*
William of Orange

**William of Orange** usually refers to either:
***William the Silent**, William I, (1533–1584), Prince of Orange, founder of the House Orange-Nassau and the Netherlands as a state
***William III of England**, William III of Orange-Nassau, William II of Scotland, (1650–1702)

William of Orange may also refer to:

## Middle Ages
* Saint William of Gellone (755—c.812), courtier of Charlemagne who defeated the Saracens at Orange
* William, Bishop of Orange joined the First Crusade. After the death of Adhemar of Le Pu
Trans woman

, Katya Saunders, Shon Faye, Hunter Schafer, and Lynn Conway.]]
A **trans woman** is a male-to-female (MTF) transsexual or transgender person. Many people in this group like the name *trans woman* over the many medical terms that are out there. Other non-medical names are **t-girl**, **tg-girl**, and **ts-girl**. Transgender woman, though, is the more common name.

## Sexual interests
The story of the young boy who is very much like a young girl and grows up to live life as a woman has a very long history. It is commonly, but wrongly, thought that all transgender and transsexual women are straight (attracted to males). Many studies on this issue have been thought to be hurt by bias, since many transsexuals feel they must give the "right" answers to such questions to help their chances of being able to get hormone therapy. 

### Sex drive
Studies have shown that trans women are likely to have less sex drive (34%) than those who are born female (23%), but the difference was small.

## Disputes over sports eligibility
Some governing bodies for sports allow trans women to compete in female-only sports and some do not. Opponents believe that growing up with a male body (usually larger and stronger) gives trans women unfair advantages. Trans women have set women's records for sports that some biological women believe should not count. High school athletes who have routinely lost to trans athletes have sued to have trans competitors excluded as unfair competition for scholarships designated for women. The American Civil Liberties Union sides with the trans athletes.

## Disputes over prisons
Trans women convicted of crimes often believe they are not safe in men's prisons. Some cisgender women believe they are not safe in women's prisons if trans women are allowed there. Transition has been used as grounds for releasing prisoners for crimes committed as men.

## Related pages 
* Transfeminine

## References
## Other websites
* The Beaumont Society  - The Beaumont Society, a group that helps trans women in the United Kingdom
* The Gender Centre Sydney Australia based support organisation
Salcea

**Salcea** is a town of Suceava County in northern Romania.  9,194 people were living in Salcea as of 2000.

## Other websites
* Aeroportul Suceava, Salcea
Kim Seong-Su

**Kim Seong-Su** (; Hanja 金性洙, October 11, 1881-February 18, 1955), the second vice-president of the Republic of Korea (대한민국; 大韓民國), was a politician, educationist, journalist, and founder of Kyung-Sung textile Co. (경성방직회사; 京城紡織會社) , the Dong-A Ilbo(동아일보; 東亞日報), and Korea University(고려대학교; 高麗大學校). After he died he was given the Order of Merit for National Foundation(건국훈장; 建國勳章). He is also known by his pen name Inchon (인촌; 仁村)

## Life 
### Early life 
Kim Seong-Su was born on October 11 1891, in Gochang(고창; 高昌), Jeollabuk-do(전라북도; 全羅北道), South Korea. He graduated from Waseda University in Japan in 1914, majoring in Political Science and Economics. After returning home, he took over Jung-Ang High School, which was in financial difficulties, and took office as the president in 1917. Also, he founded Kyung-Sung textile Co. in 1919 in order to realize Korea’s economic independence from Japan and to foster its national capital. He launched the Dong-A Ilbo in 1920 and took charge of Boseong College (보성전문학교; 普成專門學校), the predecessor of the present Korea University.

### Pro-Japanese 
In 1938, he was a promoter of the Federation for National Mobilization of Korean(국민정신총동원조선연맹; 國民精神總動員朝鮮聯盟), which was one of the pro-Japanese groups. He also took part in several pro-Japanese activities, writing articles which admired student soldiers and the draft system for Japan. Due to these activities, he was included in the list of 3,090 pro-Japanese collaborators released by the Institute for Research in Collaborationist Activities(민족문제연구소; 民族問題硏究所) in 2008.

### After Korean Liberation 
After the Independence from the Japan Occupation on August 15 1945, in 1946 he became the governor of Korea Democratic Party(한국민주당; 韓國民主黨) and the ninth president of the Dong-A Ilbo. He was opposed to U.S. trusteeship of Sourh Korea and in 1949 he took office as the supreme council of Democratic National Party(민주국민당; 民主國民黨). He was inaugurated as the second vice president of South Korea in 1951, but resigned the following year because he was against the dictatorial powers of President Rhee Syng-man(이승만; 李承晩). The same year he became an adviser of Democratic National Party and then, continued to take part in the nongovernment party. He was posthumously awarded the Republic of Korea Medal of Order of Merit for National Foundation in 1962.

## Related pages
* Dong-A Ilbo
* Korea University
* Song Jin-woo
* Jungang high School
* Korean Democratic Party
* Rhee Syng-man
* Kim Gu
* Kim Kyusik
* Shin Ik-hye
* Chang Myon
* Yun Chi-Young
* Yun Chi-Ho
* Yun Posun

## Other websites 
* Kim Seong-Su on Doopedia 
* Incheon Kim Seung-Su Memorial Conference
Nuneaton

**Nuneaton** is the largest town in the English county of Warwickshire. Nuneaton is famous for the novelist, George Eliot, who was born on a farm outside Nuneaton in 1819 and lived in Nuneaton during her early life. Nuneaton is also the birthplace of renowned film director Ken Loach, twice winner of the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival.

## Geography
The town is 14.5&nbsp;km (9 miles) north of Coventry, 32&nbsp;km (20 miles) east of Birmingham and 166&nbsp;km (103 miles) northwest of London. The *River Anker* runs through the town.
Nuneaton had a population of 70,721 as of 2001 though the 2008 estimate is 73,000.

Nuneaton also has a football team called Nuneaton Town.

## Notable inhabitants
* George Eliot, Victorian novelist
* Ken Loach, Film director
## References
War language

**War** (also spelled **Waar**) or **Amwi** is an Austro-Asiatic language spoken by about 16,000 people in Bangladesh and 12,000 people in the Republic of India.

## References
Sarrasani

)]]
**Sarrasani** is the name of a famous German circus. It was resident in Dresden. Later it became known as national circus of Argentina.

Sarrasani was founded by the clown *Hans Stosch*. His stage name was *Giovanni Sarrasani*. He came 1901 to Radebeul. The circus had its official premiere 1902 in Meißen. In the year 1912 a stationary circus building opened in Dresden. The circus often performed abroad. It had two famous labels, the Elephants and the Sioux.

Stosch-Sarrasani sen. died 1934 in São Paulo. His son Hans Stosch-Sarrasani jun. followed him as director. He died in 1941 in Berlin. His widow took directorship. The Sarrasani theater was destroyed on 13 February 1945 during the World War II.

Trude Stosch-Sarrasani emigrated to Argentina. She re-launched the circus in Buenos Aires. Perón and Evita declared Sarrasani *Circo nacional Argentino*. The Argentine Sarrasani existed until 1972. 

The artist Fritz Mey re-launched the German Sarrasani in 1956. His partner, Ingrid Wimmer, was adopted by Trude Stosch-Sarrasani in 1976. André Sarrasani, son of Fritz Mey and Ingrid Wimmer, leads the circus since 2000. Sarrasani came back to Dresden in 1990 for the first time after 45 years. André Sarrasani performs today in Dresden the Dinner-Varieté-Show *Trocadero*.

Trude Stosch-Sarrasani died the 6 of June 2009.

## Literature 
* Stosch-Sarrasani, Hans: Durch die Welt im Zirkuszelt. Berlin Schützen-Verl. 1940.
* Günther, Ernst: Sarrasani. Geschichte und Geschichten. Dresden Saxo-Phon. 2005.
* Weaver, Jace: Other words: American Indian literature, law, and culture, Vol. 39 of American Indian literature and critical studies series. University of Oklahoma Press, 2001

## Other websites 
* Photos at Deutsche Fotothek
* Sarrasani in Dresden
Supernova (South Korean group)

**Supernova** (; stylized as **SUPERNOVA**) is a six-member Korean Pop boy band. Its members are Yunhak, Sungje, Sungmo, Kwangsu, Jihyuk and Geonil. They debuted through the M.net M! PICK season 6 in 2007 and belong to Korean record company Core Contents Media. From 2007 to 2018 they were known in Korean as **Choshinsung** and in Japanese as **Choshinsei**.

At first, Choshinsung was a five-member boy band but it was turned to a six-member through many times of changing their members. For this reason, they had to put their debut on after 1 year and recorded their album again. Before the debut all of members participated in commercial movies and other singer’s music videos. Then, they debuted through M.net M! PICK which is a TV program of picking up new faces for making Korean entertainers in August 2nd, 2007.

## Members 
## Drama 
**Japan**
* Choshinsung – 2010 君にラヴソングを (Kimi ni Love Song wo)
* Choshinsung – 2011 僕たちのアフタースクール (Bokutachi After☆School)
* Yoonhak – 2010 恋するキムチ (Love Kimchi)

**Korea**
* Choshinsung – 2011 SBS 싸인 (SIGN)
* Geonil – 2003 상두야,학교가자! (Sang Doo, Let's Go To School)
* Geonil – 2004 사랑을 할꺼야 (Love is All Around)
* Geonil – 2009 혼 （魂） (Soul)
* Geonil – 2011 근초고왕 (King Geunchogo)
* Geonil – 2012 아모레미오 (Amore Mio)
* Kwangsoo – 2011 레알스쿨 (Real School) Sitcom
* Jihyuk – 2011 총각네 야채가게 (Bachelor's Vegetable Store)
* Sungje, Kwangsoo – 2012 일년에 열두 남자 (Twelve Men in a Year)

## Music videos 
## Albums 
**Korea**
* 1집 The Beautiful Stardust (2007)
* 미니앨범 Time To Shine (2010)

**Japan**
* 1st  hana (2009)
* 2nd ★★★★★★ (2010)
* 3rd Hop Step Jumping！(2010)
* 4th 4U (2011)

## Awards 
* Cyworld Digital Music Awards: Ting's Choice Artist award  (2009)

## References
## Other websites 
* Mnet Media Official Site 
* Choshinsung Korea Official Site  
* Choshinsung Japan Official Site  
* Cho Shin Sung Indonesia Supporter 
* Supernova Indonesia Fanbase
Sonic the Hedgehog 3

***Sonic the Hedgehog 3*** (also known as ***Sonic 3***) is the fourth main video game in the *Sonic the Hedgehog* series. It was made by Sonic Team and published by Sega for the Sega Mega Drive in 1994. The player plays as Sonic the Hedgehog or Miles "Tails" Prower and explores Angel Island while chasing down Dr. Robotnik and his new sidekick Knuckles the Echidna.

*Sonic 3* was meant to be one long game, but it was too big to put onto an affordable cartridge. Because of this, the game is split into two parts. The second part is *Sonic & Knuckles*.

## Gameplay
The gameplay of *Sonic 3* is the same as the last two games, but it has a few small changes. Sonic has a new ability called the Insta-Shield, where tapping a button after jumping lets Sonic attack enemies that are slightly further away. There are new power-ups that are different kinds of shields, replacing the normal one from the last games: the fire shield lets Sonic boost forward and protects him from fire attacks, the bubble shield lets Sonic bounce off the ground or off enemies and stops him from drowning, and the lightning shield gives Sonic a double jump and protects him from bullets and electric attacks.

This game also has a new special stage called Blue Spheres; Sonic runs around a large spherical stage collecting all of the blue spheres in the stage. If Sonic touches a red sphere, he loses and is forced out of the special stages.

## Plot
The game begins after what happened in the previous game; Sonic and Tails defeated Dr. Robotnik on his giant spaceship called the Death Egg. It then exploded and landed on Angel Island, an island that floats in the air. Knuckles lives on Angel Island. He guards the Master Emerald, which is a big green emerald that makes the island float. Dr. Robotnik knows that the Master Emerald is very powerful. He wants to steal it because he could fix the Death Egg with that power. He tricks Knuckles and tells him that Sonic and Tails are thieves and they want to steal the Master Emerald. Soon, Sonic and Tails arrive on Angel Island because they have seen that the Death Egg has fallen there. However, Knuckles surprises them, and takes away the Chaos Emeralds Sonic and Tails have collected.

## Development
Some of *Sonic 3* music was composed by then-popular musician Michael Jackson. It is unknown which specific songs he did. Jackson apparently left due to child abuse allegations.

## Notes
## References