open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
German Autumn (1977)

The **German Autumn** refers to a period in West Germany (September‒October 1977) when the Red Army Faction did a series of terrorist attacks. The Red Army Faction was a far-left terrorist group. 

## Overview
The German Autumn involved the kidnapping and murder of German industrialist Hanns Martin Schleyer, the hijacking of Lufthansa Flight 181, and the suicides of the jailed Red Army Faction members.

### Kidnapping of Hanns-Martin Schleyer
On September 5, 1977, Hanns Martin Schleyer, President of the Confederation of German Employers' Associations and the Federation of German Industries, was kidnapped in Cologne. His driver and three police officers were murdered. The kidnappers demanded the release of eleven jailed terrorists of their group.

### Lufthansa Flight 181 hijacking
As the German government did not give in to the blackmail, terrorists from the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, allied with the Red Army Faction, hijacking Lufthansa Flight 181 on October 13, 1977. 

They murdered the pilot Captain Jürgen Schumann, and landed the plane at Somalia's Mogadishu International Airport, where it was stormed by the West German counter-terrorism unit GSG 9 on October 18 at around 00:05 Central European Time (CET). 

Later that morning, a special report on Deutschlandfunk announced that "all hostages have been freed. We do not yet know whether there were any dead or injured among them..." All 87 hostages were rescued, including four of the five crew members. Three of the hijackers were killed and one hijacker heavily wounded.

## Footnotes
## References
Phantasmagoria (band)

**Phantasmagoria** (ファンタスマゴリア) was a Japanese visual kei rock band formed in 2004 in Osaka by Kisaki, owner of the record label Under Code Production.The band grew quickly, appearing in magazines such as *Shoxx* and *Cure* soon after their formation. On August 31, 2008, they officially closed their doors.
Boy Meets World Tour

The **Boy Meets World Tour** was Canadian rapper Drake's fifth concert tour as a headlining act. It was for both his 2016 studio album *Views* and 2017 mixtape *More Life*. The tour began on January 28, 2017 in Amsterdam, Netherlands. It ended on November 20, 2017 in Melbourne, Australia.

## Background 
During the third to last show of the Summer Sixteen Tour on October 10, 2016, Drake announced that he was going on a European tour and it would be called the Boy Meets World tour.

Opening and supporting acts for the tour included Canadian R&B duo and OVO Sound-affiliate dvsn, American rapper Young Thug, Canadian producer Boi-1da, and American producer Pi'erre Bourne.

Shows in Glasgow, London and Amsterdam had to be postponed because of "production setbacks". The Amsterdam show on March 27 had to be cancelled because Drake had contracted food poisoning from bad sushi.

The tour was very successful. It earned around $55.2 million.

## Set list 
These are the songs that Drake performed during the tour. He did not always perform the same songs at every show and also played some songs where he was a featured artist.

### Leg 1
#"Free Smoke"
#"Trophies"
#"Started from the Bottom"
#"Headlines"
#"HYFR (Hell Ya Fucking Right)"
#"0 to 100"
#"Keep the Family Close"
#"9"
#"Still Here"
#"Child's Play"
#"Feel No Ways"
#"Western Road Flows"
#"Worst Behavior"
#"We Made It"
#"Blessings" 
#"All Me"
#"Versace"
#"Pop That"
#"Over"
#"I'm on One"
#"Up All Night"
#"Miss Me"
#"Crew Love"
#"Successful"
#"Hotline Bling"
#"Hold On, We're Going Home"
#"The Motto"
#"Right Hand"
#"For Free" (DJ Khaled cover)
#"My Way" 
#"Jumpman"
#"Work" 
#"Take Care"
#"Too Good"
#"Controlla"
#"One Dance"
#"KMT" 
#"Pop Style"
#"Know Yourself"
#"Energy"
#"Fake Love"
#"Legend"

### Leg 2
#"Free Smoke"
#"Trophies"
#"Started from the Bottom"
#"Headlines"
#"HYFR (Hell Ya Fucking Right)"
#"0 to 100"
#"Worst Behavior"
#"We Made It"
#"Blessings" 
#"All Me"
#"Versace"
#"Pop That"
#"Over"
#"I'm on One"
#"Up All Night"
#"Miss Me"
#"Crew Love"
#"Hotline Bling"
#"Hold On, We're Going Home"
#"Passionfruit"
#"Teenage Fever"
#"The Motto"
#"For Free" 
#"My Way"  
#"Both" 
#"Portland"
#"Jumpman"
#"Work" (Rihanna cover)
#"Take Care"
#"Too Good"
#"Blem"
#"Controlla"
#"One Dance"
#"KMT" 
#"Pop Style"
#"Gyalchester"
#"Know Yourself"
#"Energy"
#"Fake Love"
#"Legend"

## Shows 
## References
Mid-Life Crustacean

"**Mid-Life Crustacean**" is the second part of the 15th episode of the third season of *SpongeBob SquarePants*. It was first broadcast on Nickelodeon on November 6, 2002. The episode is about Mr. Krabs trying to prove that he isn't old.
## Story
Mr. Krabs wakes up one morning to a song on his clock radio that reminds him of his advancing age as he struggles to get out of bed. At breakfast, he asks Pearl if she thinks he's old, which Pearl says she does; he tries using the slang word "coral" as an alternative to "cool" to try to sound younger, which Pearl says ruins the term. On his way to work, he becomes increasingly agitated as he is continuously reminded of his age. At the Krusty Krab, after overhearing a patron comparing him to an "old and dried out" Krabby Patty, he asks to join SpongeBob and Patrick's "big night out" in order to feel young again.

During the evening, SpongeBob, Patrick, and Mr. Krabs partake in bizarre, bland, and/or childish activities, none of which satisfies Mr. Krabs. At an arcade, SpongeBob, Patrick and several children repeatedly ask Mr. Krabs if he is feeling younger now, causing him to lose his temper and berate the duo. Preparing to cancel his night out, Mr. Krabs changes his mind when Patrick reveals that they are going out on a panty raid.

When the trio sneaks into a house to grab a woman's pair of underwear from her dresser drawer, Mr. Krabs briefly rejoices, finally feeling young again, before they are caught by the home's owner, Krabs' mother; SpongeBob and Patrick never told him it was her house they were raiding. Because of the boys' lie by omission, she grounds Mr. Krabs for the rest of the night. SpongeBob follows him and apologizes, to which Mr. Krabs forgives him, quipping that spending the night in his childhood bedroom makes him feel younger. As SpongeBob leaves, Mr. Krabs' mother orders him to shut off his bedroom lights, to which he dejectedly abides.
## References
Assassination Vacation Tour

The **Assassination Vacation Tour** was Canadian rapper Drake's sixth concert tour as a headlining act. It was for his 2018 studio album *Scorpion*. The tour began on March 10, 2019 in Manchester, England. It ended on April 26, 2019 in Amsterdam, Netherlands.

## Background 
On January 22, 2019, Drake announced on his instagram that he was going on a European tour and it would be called the Assassination Vacation tour. It was the first time he had returned to tour in Europe since 2017.

Opening and supporting acts for the tour included Canadian rapper Tory Lanez and British radio DJ and presenter Tiffany Calver.

The show in Amsterdam on April 23 had to be cancelled and the other Netherlands shows were either changed or moved up from April 25 and 26 to April 15 and 16 because of "scheduling conflicts".

The tour was very successful. It earned around $33,851,546.

## Set list 
These are the songs that Drake performed during the tour. He did not always perform the same songs at every show and also played some songs where he was a featured artist.

#"8 Out of 10"
#Mob Ties"
#"Started from the Bottom"
#"Jumpman"
#"Know Yourself"
#"Both" (Gucci Mane cover)
#"Elevate"
#"Going Bad" (Meek Mill cover)
#"Emotionless"
#"Energy"
#"Yes Indeed" (Lil Baby cover)
#"Gyalchester"
#"Trophies"
#"Crew Love"
#"Over"
#"Headlines"
#"HYFR (Hell Ya Fucking Right)"
#"All Me"
#"Blessings" (Big Sean cover)
#"For Free"
#"The Motto"
#"Walk It Talk It" (Migos cover)
#"My Way" (Fetty Wap cover)
#"Passionfruit"
#"Peak"
#"That's How You Feel"
#"Jaded"
#"Work" (Rihanna cover)
#"Controlla"
#"Hotline Bling"
#"One Dance"
#"Fake Love"
#"Nice for What"
#"Mía" (Bad Bunny cover)
#"In My Feelings"
#"Look Alive" (BlocBoy JB cover)
#"KMT"
#"SICKO MODE" (Travis Scott cover)
#"Nonstop"
#"God's Plan"
#"I'm Upset"

## Shows 
## References
China population

It is estimated since the early 1980s, the number of people in China is over 1,000,000,000. People have said for decades that China has the highest population. However, India has more people than China now. 
## The big five ethnic groups
 says that the card holder's ethnicity is Han Chinese (汉). This information is stated after "Name" and "Gender".]]
During the 1910s, the scholars/ politicians said that there are 5 main groups of people. Han, Manchu, the Mongols, Hui and the Tibetans (漢滿蒙回藏).
### the list (in ABC order) (incomplete)
#Bai people
#Evenks
#Han Chinese
#Hui people
#Inner Mongolia
#Kazakhs
#Li people
#Manchu people
#Tajik people
#Tibetan people
#Uyghur people
#Uzbek people
#Zhuang people

## The number of people
 people.]]
In 2023, the estimated number of people was 1,280,000,000.

### What is not included in this page
*the number of people in Taiwan
*the number of people in the special administrative regions of China

## Related pages
*List of cities in China by population
*COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China
*People%27s_Republic_of_China#People_and_culture
*Chinese language

## References
Menara Astra

The **Menara Astra** is a skyscraper located in Jakarta, Indonesia. Its construction began in 2013 and ended in 2017.  At 235 meters, it is the fourth tallest in Jakarta. 

## Characteristics 
It is a 63 story office building that includes a private helipad. The tower's podium has a retail area and a food court, as well as a conference hall with capacity for 1,000 people. It also has a Toyota showroom that occupies its first floor.

The office tower shares its site with Anandamaya Residences. This housing area covers 2.4 hectares and has three apartment towers called Anandamaya Residences 1, 2, and 3. The whole project cost about $600 million.

## References
Charlie Bartlett

***Charlie Bartlett*** is an American coming-of-age comedy-drama movie. It was first shown at the Tribeca Film Festival on May 1, 2007 and then released in theatres on February 22, 2008.
 It was directed by Jon Poll and produced by Sidney Kimmel, Barron Kidd, Jay Roach, and David Permut.

In the movie, Charlie Bartlett moves to a new high school after his father is arrested and put in prison for tax evasion. He trys to fit in and becomes a psychiatrist, giving advice to other students in an attempt to try and make friends.

## Cast
* Anton Yelchin as Charlie Bartlett
* Hope Davis as Marilyn Bartlett
* Kat Dennings as Susan Gardner
* Robert Downey Jr. as Nathan Gardner
* Tyler Hilton as Murphy Bivens
* Mark Rendall as Kip Crombwell
* Dylan Taylor as Len Arbuckle
* Megan Park as Whitney Drummond
* Jake Epstein as Dustin Lauderbach
* Jonathan Malen as Jordan Sunder
* Lauren Collins as Kelly
* Derek McGrath as Superintendent Sedgwick
* Stephen Young as Dr. Stan Weathers
* Abby Zotz as Mrs. Crombwell
* Drake as A/V Jones
* Sarah Gadon as Priscilla

## Reception
The movie received mixed to positive reviews from critics. It holds a 59% fresh rating on Rotten Tomatoes. The movie was unsuccessful at the box office. Worldwide it made $5.2 million from a $12 million budget.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
55th parallel north

The **55th parallel north** is a circle of latitude that is 55 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Europe, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean.

At this latitude the sun is visible for 17 hours, 22 minutes during the summer solstice. It is visible for 7 hours, 10 minutes during the winter solstice.

This latitude is near the minimum latitude in which nautical twilight can last all night near the summer solstice.

The 55th parallel is the southern boundary of Nunavik territory in Quebec.

## Around the world
Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 55° north passes through:

:

## Cities and towns on 55°N
## References
Katherine Plunket

**Catherine Plunket** (County Louth, Ireland, November 22, 1820 - Ib., October 14, 1932)  was an Irish illustrator, aristocrat and supercentenarian.

## Biography 
She was the eldest of six siblings, all of whom she outlived. Her parents were Thomas Plunket (1792-1866) and Louisa Jane Foster (1804-1893).  She was baptized on 13 December 1820 as Catherine Plunket, although she spelled her name with a K throughout her life.  It is registered in the 1821 census. 

She inherited Ballymascanlon House, near Dundalk, from her maternal family, where she lived until the end of his life.  Currently the house is a hotel. 

She and her sister Frederica created about 1,200 flower pictures while traveling around Europe in countries such as France, Italy, Spain, and Germany. In 1903 they gave these pictures to the Royal College of Science for Ireland. The collection was later moved to the National Museum of Ireland, and in 1970 it was moved again to the National Botanic Gardens of Ireland. 

Plunket said she lived so long because her life was calm and without worries. She stayed healthy and clear minded almost all her life, except for a case of bronchitis when she was 102. Even after turning 100, she still looked after her home and money matters herself.  

## References
Any Day Above Ground

"**Any Day Above Ground**" is a 1991 song by Australian singer James Reyne and is the second single from his third studio album "*Electric Digger Dandy*". It went to number 67 in Australia.

## Track listings
**CD single and 7" (VOZCD114SP)**
# "Any Day Above Ground" (Album Mix)
# "Any Day Above Ground" (7" Mix)
# "Ferris Wheel"

**CD Maxi**
# "Any Day Above Ground" (Album Mix) – 3:41
# "Fall of Rome" recorded live at The Palais, Melbourne, Australia, July 12, 1991) – 5:58
# "One More River" (recorded live at The Palais, Melbourne, Australia, July 12, 1991) – 4:55
# "Ferris Wheel" – 4:09

## References
Breakaway (2011 movie)

***Breakaway*** (***Speedy Singhs*** in India) is a Canadian sports-comedy movie. It was released in theatres on 	
23 September 2011. It was directed by Robert Lieberman and produced by Akshay Kumar, Paul Gross, and Ajay Virmani.

In the movie, Rajveer Singh drops out of college and spends his time with friends playing ice hockey. His father disapproves of his hockey dreams and wants him to work for his trucking company but Rajveer continue to play with his friends in secret before they start a team called the Speedy Singhs and get recruited by a coach. the team then beats their rivals, the Hammerheads, and win the tournament.

## Cast
**Cameos;**

## Reception
The movie received negative reviews from critics. It holds a 20% fresh rating on Rotten Tomatoes. The movie was unsuccessful at the box office.

## References
## Other websites
*
Hide-and-seek

**Hide-and-seek** (sometimes known as **hide-and-go-seek**) is a children's game where some players hide, and one or more players try to find them. One person is chosen to be "it" and covers their eyes while counting to a set number. While "it" counts, everyone else finds a place to hide. When "it" finishes counting, they shout "Ready or not, here I come!" or "Coming, ready or not!" and starts looking for the hidden players. Once someone hiding is found, they are out of that round. The last person found is the winner, and the first person found usually becomes "it" for the next round.

In another version of the game, the seeker stays at a spot called "home base" and counts there. After hiding, players try to run back to home base without being tagged. If a hider reaches home base safely, they cannot be caught and are safe for that round.

## References
OpenTTD

OpenTTD is an open source business simulation game, based upon the popular Microprose game "Transport Tycoon Deluxe", written by Chris Sawyer. which players try to earn money by transporting passengers, minerals and goods via road, rail, water and air. 

Starting from 1st April 2021, it is available on Steam, a video game store and digital distribution platform.

Many features were inspired by TTDPatch while others are original. ==
The first Transport Tycoon game was released in 1994. It was developed by Chris Sawyer and released by MicroProse. It was very popular at that time. After the release of Transport Tycoon Deluxe (TTD) in 1995, the game was greatly improved.

### TTDPatch 
Around 1996 to 1997, Josef Drexler started a project called TTDPatch. It was able to support NewGRF (package) files, two company colours, and trams. It fixes some problems with the game and also adds a lot of new features to it. The TTDPatch project has lasted for many years and has changed the game obviously.

### Creation of OpenTTD 
TTDPatch's way of changing the game, making people hard to add new features to the game. In 2003, Ludde contacted Owen Rudge, owner of TT-Forums, and explained he was going to reverse engineer the game and switch the game to C (programming language). A year later, Ludde presented Owen Rudge with the result. Response was positive, and other developers joined Ludde in the project.

## References 
## Other websites 
OpenTTD official website
Yue Prefecture (Zhejiang)

**Yuezhou** or **Yue Prefecture** was a *zhou* (prefecture) in imperial China in modern Zhejiang, China. It existed (intermittently) from 605 until 1131. In 1131, became Shaoxing Prefecture.

## Counties
Yue Prefecture had these counties (縣) in its history:

## References
* 
* 
*
Sodalite

**Sodalite** is a feldspar-like zeolite mineral. It was the first discovered member of the sodalite mineral group, which also includes lazurite. Sodalite is used as a gemstone for its dark blue colour.

## Structure 
 is made up of silicate "cages" that hold ions inside them.]]
Like other zeolites, sodalite has a cage-like crystal structure. Sodalite's "cages" contain mostly sodium and chlorine.

## Sources
Eupsophus altor

'''Oncol's ground frog'* (*Eupsophus altor'') is a frog. It lives in Chile.

## Home
This frog lives in rainforests. People find this frog under dead trees and near small plants at night. Scientists saw this frog between 42 and 650 meters above sea level.

Scientists saw the frog in some protected places in Forestal Arauco.

## Young
The female frog lays eggs from May to September. The tadpoles swim in water nests on the ground, under logs, or in water-filled holes in trees. Scientists saw the frog as late in the year as October.

## Danger
Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is in danger of dying out.  People change the places where the frog lives. In some places, people make farms to grow crops, pine trees, and eucalyptus trees and raise sheep and mink. In other places, people build houses and things for visitors.

## References
1990 oil price shock

The **1990 oil price shock** happened after the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait on August 2, 1990, Saddam Hussein's second invasion of an OPEC member. Lasting nine months, the price spike was shorter than the 1973 and 1979 oil crisis. Still, it caused the early 1990s recession in the United States. The average oil price rose from $17 per barrel in July to $36 per barrel in October. The crisis ended after the American-led forces pushed the Iraqis out of Kuwait.

## Iraqi invasion of Kuwait
On August 2, 1990, Ba'athist Iraq invaded Kuwait, followed by a seven-month occupation of Kuwait and an eventual U.S.-led attack that expelled the Iraqis. When the invasion happened, Iraq owed Kuwait $14 billion of debt that Kuwait had loaned it during the Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988). Iraq also saw Kuwait as overproducing oil, lowering prices and hurting Iraqi oil profits when it was struggling financially.

Right before the invasion, Iraq and Kuwait had been producing a combined  of oil a day. The potential loss of these supplies, coupled with threats to Saudi Arabia's oil, led to a rise in prices from $21 per barrel at the end of July to $28 per barrel on August 6. Oil prices rose to a peak of $46 per barrel in mid-October.

## End
 aircraft fly over retreating Iraqi forces in Kuwait during Operation Desert Storm]]

The defeat of Iraqi forces offset the threat to oil supplies. The price spike went away within nine months, though the Kuwaiti oil fires set on fire by retreating Iraqi forces were not extinguished until November 1991. It took years for the two countries' combined production to regain its former level.

## References
Kim Min-seok (politician)

**Kim Min-seok** (, born 29 May 1964) is a South Korean activist, educator and politician who is the Prime Minister of South Korea since 2025. He has been a member of the National Assembly for the Yeongdeungpo 2nd constituency since 2020, having served before from 1996 to 2002.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Thomas Noguchi

is a Japanese-American medical examiner and coroner. He was the chief medical examiner-coroner for Los Angeles County from 1967 to 1982. He is known as the "coroner to the stars".

Noguchi was born in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan and raised in Yokosuka. Hegraduated from Tokyo's Nippon Medical School in 1951 before interning at The University of Tokyo School of Medicine Hospital. Then, he emigrated to the United States in Los Angeles. He studied at Loma Linda University School of Medicine, and Barlow Sanatorium in Los Angeles.

Noguchi helped find the cause of death in many celebrity cases in Hollywood during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. He performed autopsies on many celebrities, including John Belushi, Albert Dekker, William Holden, David Janssen, Janis Joplin, Robert F. Kennedy, Harris Glen Milstead, Marilyn Monroe, Gia Scala, Inger Stevens, Sharon Tate, and Natalie Wood.

Noguchi was demoted in 1982 because of the media attention he was getting for his handling of Natalie Wood's autopsy.

Afterwards, he became a professor at the University of Southern California and at the University of California at Los Angeles.

## References
## Other websites
*
Matabeleland Tuskers

The **Tuskers** cricket franchise, formerly the **Matabeleland Tuskers**, is based at Bulawayo in Zimbabwe. The team has first-class status, and has competed in the Logan Cup since 2009–10. Tuskers have won the trophy five times, most recently in 2021–22. Their home ground is the Queen's Sports Club in Bulawayo. The team also competes in the Pro50 Championship, and the Zimbabwe Domestic Twenty20 Competition.

## References
Southern Rocks

The **Southern Rocks** (or **Rocks**) cricket franchise is based at Masvingo, in the Masvingo Province of Zimbabwe. The team has first-class status, and has competed in the Logan Cup since 2009–10. The Rocks have won the trophy once, in 2020–21. Their home ground is the Masvingo Sports Club. The team also competes in the Pro50 Championship, and the Zimbabwe Domestic Twenty20 Competition.

## References
Ratu Sofya

**Safira Ratu Sofya** (born April 15, 2004) is an Indonesian actress and model. She became known for her roles in the series *Topeng Kaca* and *Dari Jendela SMP*.

## Early life 
Ratu was born with the name Safira Ratu Sofya on April 15, 2004 in Lhokseumawe, Aceh. She is the second of four children of Sofyan Hasan and Intan Mashtura. She has an older sister and two younger siblings, namely Hadza Mutiara Sofya, Nadia Bulan Sofya, and Adelia Bunga Sofya.

## Filmography 
## Awards and nominations 
## References
Baligród massacre

in Baligród]]

The **Baligród massacre** was committed on August 6, 1944 in Baligród, Lesko County by Ukrainian nationalists and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army.

## Events
The perpetrators entered the village of Baligród to kill 42 Poles. They surrounded Poles, who were in a local church, and killed some of them when they left the church. They reportedly did this in revenge for the murder of 16 Ukrainians in Stężnica by some Baligród villagers and Soviet partisans on August 4, 1944.

## Related pages
* Stepan Bandera
* Volhynia massacre

## Footnotes
## References
Jonathan Joss

**Jonathan Joss** (December 22, 1965 – June 1, 2025) was an American actor and musician of Native American ancestry. He was best known for his roles as John Redcorn in *King of the Hill* and as Chief Ken Hotate in *Parks and Recreation*. 

Joss was Comanche and White Mountain Apache.

Joss, who was openly gay, married Tristan Kern de Gonzales on Valentine's Day in 2025.

Joss was shot and killed on June 1, 2025 by a neighbor outside his home in San Antonio, Texas. The two were arguing before his neighbor shot and killed him in front of Joss's husband. Joss was 59 years old. 

## References
## Other websites
*
José Luís Carneiro

**José Luís Pereira Carneiro** (born 4 October 1971) is a Portuguese politician who has been the Secretary-General of the Socialist Party since 2025. He is a member the Socialist Party. He was Minister of Internal Administration from 2022 to 2024. In 2022, he became member of the Assembly of the Republic.

After António Costa resigned as the Prime Minister of Portugal in 2023, Carneiro was a candidate for the leadership of the Socialist Party. He lost the leadership election to Pedro Nuno Santos. 

Carneiro was seen as a possible candidate for President of Portugal in the 2026 election, but he declined to run.

After Santos resigned as Socialist Party leader, Carneiro announced his second leadership candidacy in May 2025. Being the only leadership candidate, he won the election unopposed with 95% of the vote in June 2025.

## References
Chega (political party)

**Chega** (; officially known as **CHEGA!**; ) is a national conservative and right-wing populist political party in Portugal. It was formed in 2019 by André Ventura. It is on the far-right of the political spectrum.

## Notes
## References
André Ventura

**André Claro Amaral Ventura** (; born 15 January 1983) is a Portuguese far-right politician, former sports pundit and trainee priest. He is the founder of the right-wing populist political party Chega. He has been the Leader of the Opposition since 2025. Ventura is a candidate for President of Portugal in the 2026 presidential election.

## References
## Other websites
* André Ventura's Curriculum Vitae 
* Meet André Ventura – President of Chega
Budy Ossowskie massacre

**Budy Ossowskie massacre** was the mass murder of ethnic Poles committed on August 29–30, 1943 by a death squad of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army during the Volhynia massacre. About 290 people were killed, including women and children. The Budy Ossowskie village no longer exists. It was burned to the ground by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army. The remnants of the village were cleared in Soviet Ukraine for grazing cattle.

]]

## Footnotes
## References
List of estimates of the number of victims of the Volhynia massacre and of Polish retaliation

This list shows the casualty estimates of the massacres between Poles and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army during the Volhynia massacre.  

 

**Table notes:**

## References 
## Sources 
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65th parallel south

The **65th parallel south** is a circle of latitude that is 65 degrees south of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses the Southern Ocean and Antarctica.

At this latitude the sun is visible for 22 hours, 2 minutes during the December solstice and 3 hours, 35 minutes during the June solstice.

## Around the world 
Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 65° south passes through:

:

## References
Hattie B's Hot Chicken

'''Hattie B's Hot Chicken''' is an American restaurant from Nashville, Tennessee. In 2025, it was founded on 2012.
Untitled Unmastered

***Untitled Unmastered*** is an album made up of unreleased songs from *To Pimp a Butterfly*, an album by American rapper Kendrick Lamar.
Statue of Gautama Buddha (Myanmar)

The **Statue of Gautama Buddha** () is a seated statue of Buddha in Kyaikto, a town in Mon State, Myanmar, measuring 77.9 metres (255.5 ft) tall.

## See also
* List of tallest statues

## References
Kwarantined Krab

"**Kwarantined Krab**" is the second part of the 22nd episode of the 12th season of *SpongeBob SquarePants*. It was first shown on television on April 29, 2022. The episode is about a health inspector walking into the Krusty Krab and declaring that there is a disease called the "Clam Flu" spreading around.

## Story
A health inspector walks into the Krusty Krab, where he declares that there is a disease called the "Clam Flu" spreading around, causing most of the characters to run around and panic. The health inspector orders the restaurant to be put under quarantine, much to the dismay of Squidward and Pearl. The Krusty Krab is locked down with SpongeBob, Patrick, Squidward, Mr. Krabs, Pearl, and Mrs. Puff locked inside. Mr. Krabs suggests locking the diseased person inside the freezer once they are found. Some pepper is accidentally launched into the air, causing SpongeBob to sneeze, making everyone else assume he has caught the disease. SpongeBob walks into the freezer after being asked. Patrick notices SpongeBob having fun in the freezer, so he pretends that to have the Clam Flu too, causing him to be thrown inside.

When Squidward begins to scratch his arm, Pearl assumes that he has caught the disease; Mr. Krabs then throws him into the freezer. Mr. Krabs notices that Mrs. Puff has yawned, making him think that she has caught the Clam Flu too; she is also locked in the freezer. After Pearl remembers that she has some money left over from last time she was in the mall, Mr. Krabs believes her mind is poisoned from the disease, locking her up as well. After everyone else in the freezer reports feeling well, Mrs. Puff concludes that Mr. Krabs himself is the one that has the disease; she and the rest of the characters break out of the freezer. The characters chase Mr. Krabs around the restaurant to lock Mr. Krabs in the freezer, but all end up incapacitated in doing so. When the health inspector returns, he says that he made a mistake, and that no one is actually sick, before assuming that everyone has caught a different disease, with Mr. Krabs catching all of them. He orders the Krusty Krab in an even stronger lockdown. The restaurant is transported onto the Chum Bucket, where Plankton begs everyone to stay away from him to avoid catching the disease, before realizing that he might have already caught it.

## Other websites
*
Charm the Snake

"**Charm the Snake**" is a song written and recorded by American singer-songwriter Christopher Cross. It was co-written by the producer Michael Omartian. It was released in 1985 as the lead single from his third album, *Every Turn of the World*. The single peaked at No. 68 on the *Billboard* Hot 100, the only track on the album to chart.

## Personnel 
* Christopher Cross – vocals, guitars, SynthAxe
* Michael Omartian – keyboards, synthesizers, horn arrangements
* Marcus Ryle – synthesizer programming
* Joe Chemay – bass guitar
* John Robinson – drums
* Chuck Findley – trumpet
* Jerry Hey – trumpet
* Gary Grant – trumpet
* Alexandra Brown – backing vocals
* Lynn Davis – backing vocals
* Vesta Williams – backing vocals

## Charts 
## References 
## Other websites 
*
Spanish Baroque literature

**Spanish Baroque literature** refers to the literary works produced in Spain during the Baroque period, approximately from the late 1500s to the late 1600s. This era was marked by complex language, elaborate metaphors, and themes exploring reality, illusion, honor, and religion. 

## Main features 
* Complex language: Writers used ornate and elaborate language to express their ideas.
* Deep themes: Common themes included the fleeting nature of life, disillusionment, and the contrast between appearance and reality.
* Artistic movements:
** *Culteranismo*: Led by Luis de Góngora, this style emphasized elaborate vocabulary and complex syntax.
** *Conceptismo*: Championed by Francisco de Quevedo, this style focused on sharp wit and concise expression.

## Notable poets 
Luis de Góngora (1561–1627): Góngora was a leading figure of the Culteranismo movement. His poetry is known for its intricate language and use of classical mythology. Notable works include "Soledades" and "Fábula de Polifemo y Galatea." 

Francisco de Quevedo (1580–1645): Quevedo was a master of Conceptismo, known for his sharp wit and satirical works. He often critiqued society and his literary rival, Góngora.

## Prose writers 
Miguel de Cervantes (1547–1616), best known for "Don Quixote," a novel that satirizes chivalric romances and explores themes of reality versus illusion. He also wrote "Novelas ejemplares," a collection of short stories.
vaia.com

Baltasar Gracián (1601–1658) whose most famous work, "El Criticón," is a philosophical novel that allegorizes human life. He also authored "The Art of Worldly Wisdom," a collection of aphorisms offering practical advice. 

## Theatre 
Spanish Baroque theatre was vibrant and innovative, often performed in open-air venues called "corrales." Plays combined elements of comedy and tragedy, reflecting the complexities of human experience.

Lope de Vega (1562–1635) revolutionized Spanish theatre with his "new comedy," blending dramatic elements to appeal to a broad audience. His prolific output includes works like "Fuenteovejuna."

Pedro Calderón de la Barca (1600–1681), whose plays delve into philosophical and existential themes. His masterpiece, "Life is a Dream," explores free will and destiny. 

Tirso de Molina (1579–1648), credited with creating the character Don Juan in his play "The Trickster of Seville," examining themes of deception and morality. 

## Women writers 
María de Zayas (c. 1590–1661) was a pioneering female writer who highlighted women's issues in her works. Her stories often addressed the challenges faced by women in a patriarchal society.
Courtside Seats...

***Courtside Seats...*** is the debut studio album by Heavy Heavy Low Low. The album was released on February 28, 2005.

## Track listing
## References
Managed decline

**Managed decline** is a phrase used to describe the careful handling of a situation where something is slowly coming to an end. The goal is to reduce costs, damage, or harm during this final phase.

The idea first came from the business world. It was used when companies or industries were going out of business. Now, the phrase is also used in other areas of life.

Governments and businesses can manage decline in many ways. For example, they might offer job training programs to help workers learn new skills.

## Examples 
Some real-life examples of managed decline include:
* The closing down of the textile, shipbuilding, coal mining, and steel industries in North America and Europe during the 1980s.
* The slow drop in postal service use in Europe and the United States in the early 2000s.
* The fall in the number of people going to traditional churches in Western Europe since the 1970s.
* Helping people maintain their quality of life in old age or during terminal illness.

## Use in politics 
The term "managed decline" has also been used in politics. Some people have used it to describe the United Kingdom’s economy after the year 2000.

In 1981, after riots in the Toxteth area of Liverpool, British politician Geoffrey Howe gave private advice to Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. He said the government should not invest in Liverpool, and instead let the city go through a managed decline. These documents stayed secret until they were made public in 2011, 30 years later.

## Related pages 
* Palliative care

## References
2018–19 NBA season

The **2018–19 NBA season** was the 73rd season of NBA. It was began on 16 October 2018 and ended on 10 April 2019. The playoffs began on 13 April 2019 and ended on 13 June 2019 when Toronto Raptors beat Golden State Warriors in the 2019 NBA Finals.

## References
Kwon Yeong-guk

**Kwon Yeong-guk** (; born 15 August 1963) is a South Korean politician and lawyer. He was the unsuccessful nominee of the Democratic Labor Party in the 2025 presidential election. He has been  Leader of the Democratic Labor Party since 2024.

## References
Realme

**Realme Chongqing Mobile Telecommunications Co., Ltd.** (better known as **Realme**) is a multinational Chinese consumer electronics manufacturer from Shenzhen, Guangdong. It was founded on 4 May 2018. It is sub-brand of Oppo.

## History 
On 8 March 2023, Realme launched smartphone with the Dynamic Island that looks like a newer iPhone models.

On January 2025, Realme became the partner of BGIS 2025 and BMPS 2025.

## References
Aluminosilicate

**Aluminosilicates** are a type of mineral containing silicon and aluminium oxides. They are made when an aluminium atom replaces a silicon atom in silica or a silicate mineral.

Aluminosilicates are some of the most common and most important minerals. Oxygen, silicon, and aluminium are the three most common elements in Earth's crust. A majority of the crust is made up of feldspars, a type of aluminosilicate. Emerald is the most famous aluminosilicate gemstone; others include topaz, garnet, and jadeite. Many types of clay are rich in aluminosilicates, such as the kaolinite used to make porcelain.

## Sources
Music of My Heart

"**Music of My Heart**" is a slow teen pop ballad from the Cuban-American singer Gloria Estefan and the American boy band NSYNC. The teen pop song was written by Diane Warren and produced by David Foster, for the Wes Craven-directed movie of the similar name (1999). It was released as the first single from the soundtrack on August 2, 1999, by Miramax Records and Epic Records.

The song peaked at number two on the US *Billboard* Hot 100 chart in 1999. The single was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in the United States for sales of 500,000 copies. "Music of My Heart" won the *Billboard* Music Award for Top Song from a Movie, and the Blockbuster Award for Best Pop Song in a Movie. It was also nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song, as well as Grammy Awards for Best Song Written for a Motion Picture and Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals.

## Background and composition
"Music of My Heart" was written by Diane Warren and produced by David Foster, for the Wes Craven-directed movie *Music of the Heart* (1999). Gloria Estefan and band NSYNC recorded their vocals for the song in 1999. It was released as the first single from the movie soundtrack on September 28, 1999. Diane Warren originally wrote the song for rival boy band the Backstreet Boys, but they turned it down, and was instead given to Gloria Estefan and NSYNC. "Music of My Heart" is a teen pop song that lasts for four minutes and thirty-one seconds. The song is written in the key of B major, later changing to the key of D major and is set in time signature of  common time, with a moderately slow tempo of 56 beats per minute. According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by Universal Music Publishing Group, the vocal range of Estefan and the band members of NSYNC spans over an octave, from F3 to B4 and late D5.

## Music video
The video, directed by Nigel Dick, features NSYNC and Gloria Estefan singing in Miami High School in Miami with interspersed shots of student musicians.

## Track listings
**US and European CD1**
# "Music of My Heart" (album version) – 4:31
# "Music of My Heart" (Hex Hector 7-inch remix) – 4:18

**US and European CD2**
# "Music of My Heart" (album version) – 4:31
# "Music of My Heart" (Pablo Flores club mix) – 10:06
# "Music of My Heart" (Pablo Flores radio edit) – 4:42

**UK CD1**
# "Music of My Heart" (album version) – 4:31
# "Music of My Heart" (Lawrence Dermer Remix) – 4:21
# "Music of My Heart" (Hex Hector 12-inch club mix) – 9:20

**UK CD2**
# "Music of My Heart" (album version) – 4:31
# "Music of My Heart" (Hex Hector 7-inch radio edit) – 4:18
# "Music of My Heart" (Pablo Flores club mix) – 10:06

## Release history
## References
Galinstan

**Galinstan** is a brand name for a liquid alloy of gallium, indium, and tin. The name is also used as a generic trademark to refer to the eutectic mixture of the three metals. It is used as a replacement for other liquid metals like mercury (which is toxic) and NaK (which is reactive).

## References
Anish Sarkar

**Anish Sarkar** (born 26 January 2021) is an Indian chess prodigy who became the youngest player in the world to receive a FIDE rating, achieving this milestone in November 2024 at the age of 3 years and 10 months. In recognition of his exceptional talent, he was also awarded the prestigious Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar in 2024, becoming the youngest recipient of the honor that year.

## Chess career 
Anish Sarkar's interest in chess emerged in early 2024. Recognizing his natural aptitude for the game, he was inducted into a special training program under the mentorship of India's second grandmaster, Dibyendu Barua.

He participated in the 1st SXCCAA All Bengal Rapid Rating Open in September 2024, where he played in a simul exhibition against grandmaster Arjun Erigaisi and secured his first rapid rating.

Sarkar gained international recognition in November 2024 after participating in the West Bengal Under-9 Championship, where he scored 5.5 out of 8 points and finished 24th among 140 players. His performance included victories over two FIDE-rated players—Arav Chatterjee and Ahilaan Baishya—in the final rounds. He subsequently competed in the West Bengal Under-13 Championship, earning an initial FIDE standard rating of 1556.

This achievement broke the previous record set by Tejas Tiwari, who had become the youngest rated player at the age of five.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Anish Sarkar at FIDE
Geonosis

In the Star Wars fictional universe, **Geonosis**, referred to as **Geonosia** by some natives, was the desert home planet of the Geonosians. It hosted the Confederacy of Independent Systems major battle droid foundries and was the site of the First Battle of Geonosis, the opening conflict of the Clone Wars, as well as the subsequent invasion by the Galactic Republic. During and after the war, the Death Star was constructed above the planet. Five years after the conflict's conclusion and transformation of the Galactic Republic, the Galactic Empire would garrison the planet heavily and attempt to mine the planet's asteroids for minerals. At least five years after the Clone Wars, the Empire moved the Death Star to another construction site and the planet was sterilized by the Empire as a security measure, an act which resulted in the virtual elimination of the planet's native population.

## References
Ferroniobium

**Ferroniobium** is an alloy of iron and niobium. It is usually about two thirds niobium. Most of the world's niobium is used in ferroniobium.

Ferroniobium is an ingredient in the production of more complex alloys like HSLA steel.

## Sources
Niobium–titanium

**Niobium–titanium** or **NbTi** is an alloy of the metals it is named for, niobium and titanium. It is a superconductor.

NbTi is ductile and has a high upper critical field. With these two properties together, it was the first superconductor discovered to be viable for the creation of superconducting magnets. The magnets in the Large Hadron Collider are made from NbTi.

## Sources
Osmium tetroxide

**Osmium tetroxide**, also called **osmium(VIII) oxide** or (non-systematically) **osmic acid**, is a chemical compound made of osmium and oxygen. It has the chemical formula . It is a Lewis acid, oxidising agent, and biological stain.

## Oxidiser 
Osmium tetroxide is a useful oxidising agent in a name reaction called the Upjohn dihydroxylation. It reacts with alkenes to become cyclic osmate diesters. Water breaks apart the osmate, leaving a hydrated osmium(VI) compound and a diol. The diagram above shows osmium(VI) dioxide dihydroxide, but the actual chemistry of osmium(VI) in water is much more complicated.

Usually, a cooxidant like NMMO is used to regenerate osmium tetroxide, allowing it to act as a catalyst.

## Sources
Ukrainian nationalists

**Ukrainian nationalists** can refer to any of the following:

* Someone who supports Ukrainian nationalism
* Someone who was a member of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (1929–45) or the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (1942–56), wartime Ukrainian partisan groups that fought for Ukraine's independence from Soviet occupation
Barisal Division men's cricket team

The **Barisal Division** men's cricket team, based at Barisal in Bangladesh, has been active since 1999. The team has first-class status, and competes in the National Cricket League (NCL), which they have not won. Their home ground is the Barisal Divisional Stadium. The team is known as the **Barisal Blazers** in limited overs matches.

## References
Dhaka Division men's cricket team

The **Dhaka Division** men's cricket team, based at Dhaka in Bangladesh, has been active since 1999. The team has first-class status, and competes in the National Cricket League (NCL) which they have won seven times, most recently in 2023–24. Their home ground is the Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium.

## References
Tin pest

s of tin: the metallic β-tin is on the left, and the semimetallic α-tin is on the right. The transformation from β to α causes tin pest.]]

**Tin pest** is a problem that happens to things made out of tin. It occurs when tin is exposed to low temperatures, changing the crystal structure of the metal. Tin pest can weaken tin structures and cause electrical problems like a short circuit or open circuit in electronics that use tin solder.

Historically, tin was alloyed with lead to prevent tin pest. When lead use was limited by the European Union's Restriction on Hazardous Substances Directive, the new lead-free solders did not have the same protection against tin pest. Controlling tin pest in lead-free solders became an important goal in metallurgy.

## Mechanism 
Tin has two main allotropes. At room temperature, it is the metallic β-tin, also called white tin. Around , it changes to α-tin, a non-conductive semimetal, also called grey tin. The change is autocatalytic: grey tin acts as a catalyst for the change, so the reaction continues speeding up until all the white tin has changed.

Grey tin has very different physical properties than white tin. It has the crystal structure of diamond and silicon. While white tin is a metal, grey tin is considered a semimetal or zero-band gap semiconductor. It is also , unlike white tin which is ductile. Together, these properties mean tin pest can cause both physical weakness and electrical faults.

## Sources
Lügde

**Lügde** is a town in Lippe in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. About 9,000 people live there.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Dörentrup

**Dörentrup** is a municipality in Lippe in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Think Like a Man Too

***Think Like a Man Too*** is an American romantic comedy movie. It was released in theatres on June 20, 2014. It was directed by Tim Story and produced by Will Packer.

In the movie, Dominic and his group of friends head to Las Vegas for Michael and Candace's wedding and end up getting into different situations that threaten the wedding.

It is the sequel to the 2012 movie *Think Like a Man* and is also based on the 2009 book *Act Like a Lady, Think Like a Man: What Men Really Think About Love, Relationships, Intimacy, and Commitment* by comedian Steve Harvey.

## Cast
* Kevin Hart as Cedric Ward
* Regina Hall as Candace Hall
* Michael Ealy as Dominic
* Jerry Ferrara as Jeremy Kern
* Meagan Good as Mya
* Taraji P. Henson as Lauren Harris
* Dennis Haysbert as Uncle Eddie 
* Gabrielle Union as Kristen Kern
* Terrence J as Michael Hanover
* Jenifer Lewis as Loretta
* Romany Malco as Zeke
* Wendi McLendon-Covey as Tish
* Gary Owen as Bennett
* David Walton as Terrell
* Adam Brody as Isaac
* La La Anthony as Sonia
* Jim Piddock as Declan
* Wendy Williams as Gail Ward 
* Kelsey Grammer as Lee Fox
* Cheryl Hines as Andrea
* Luenell as Aunt Winnie Hall
* Janina Gavankar as Vanessa
* Carl Weathers as Mr. Davenport
* Floyd Mayweather Jr. as himself
* Coco Austin as herself 
* Drake as himself

## Reception
The movie received negative reviews from critics. It holds a 23% fresh rating on Rotten Tomatoes. The movie was very successful at the box office. Worldwide it made $70.2 million with a budget of $24 million.

## References
## Other websites
*