open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Matti Hatava

**Matti Hatava** is an archer from Finland. He was born on 10 March 1981. Hatava competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

## References
Miika Aulio

**Miika Aulio** is a archer from Finland. He was born on 19 November 1975. Aulio competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics.

## References
Institute for Fiscal Studies

**The Institute for Fiscal Studies** (**IFS**) is an economic research institute. It is based in London, England. The institute studies British taxation and public policy.   It publishes policy-reports and academic articles. It also produces a peer-reviewed quarterly journal, called *Fiscal Studies*.

## References
Who Got da Props

"**Who Got da Props?**" is the first single off of American hip hop group Black Moon's first studio album *Enta da Stage*. The song was released on October 22, 1992.

The song was able to make it to #28 on the Hot Rap Singles, #28 on the Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales, #60 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, and #86 on the *Billboard* Hot 100 charts. The song was ranked #25 by Complex's list of *50 Best Debut Rap Singles* and #98 on *Rolling Stone*'s list of *100 Best East Coast Hip-Hop Songs of All Time*.

In the song, Buckshot of Black Moon raps about how he is respected in hip hop with the lyric "who got da props?". He also raps about how he came from how he was once poor but is now rich and how he is better than other rappers in the genre.

A music video for the song was released. It features Black Moon rapping and dancing with other men in a back alley.

## References
## Other websites
*
Scheldt

The **Scheldt** is a 435-kilometre-long (270 mi) river that flows through northern France, western Belgium, and the southwestern part of the Netherlands, into the North Sea. In French, the river is called *Escaut*, in Dutch and in German, it is called *Schelde*.  Its latin name is *Scaldis*.The Scheldt is an important waterway.  Boats can get up to Cambrai.  From there they can get on to the Canal de Saint-Quentin.  The Scheldt–Rhine Canal connects it to the Rhine.

## References
Canal de Saint-Quentin

The **Canal de Saint-Quentin**  is a canal in northern France.   It connects the canalised river Escaut in Cambrai to the Canal latéral à l'Oise and Canal de l'Oise à l'Aisne in Chauny.

The first part was built between Chauny and Saint-Simon  in 1738. Napoleon opened the second part in April 1810. 

## References
Asteriornis

***Asteriornis*** is an extinct genus of bird from the Upper Cretaceous of Belgium. It is known from a single species called *Asteriornis maastrichtensis*. 

It was closely related to birds of the living superorder Galloanserae, such as chickens and ducks. Members of the genus were small, long-legged birds (~394 g). 

They lived near the coastline with more "primitive" types of birds such as *Ichthyornis. Asteriornis* is one of the oldest-known birds: it definitely  belongs to the group Neornithes, the modern birds. 

It has features of both galliformes (chicken-like birds) and anseriformes (duck-like birds). This shows its position as a close relative of the last common ancestor for both groups.

## References
Slave market

is a well-known genre painting by Jean-Léon Gérôme. He painted it in 1866.]]
A **slave market** is a market where slaves are bought and sold. These markets had a special role in the history of slavery.

## Ottoman Empire 
In the Ottoman Empire during the mid-14th century, slaves were traded in special marketplaces called "Esir" or "Yesir". These could be found in most cities.  It is said that Sultan Mehmed II "the Conqueror" established the first Ottoman slave market in Constantinople in the 1460s, probably where the former Byzantine slave market had stood. According to Nicolas de Nicolay, there were slaves of all ages, and both sexes; the wew displayed naked, so that possible buyers could check them thououghly.

In the early 18th century, the Crimean Khanate  had a massive  slave trade with the Ottoman Empire and the Middle East. They expöorted about  2 million slaves from Russia and Poland-Lithuania between 1500 and 700. Caffa (modern Feodosia) became one of the best-known and significant trading ports and slave markets.

## References
Scheldt–Rhine Canal

The Scheldt–Rhine Canal (Schelde-Rijnkanaal) in Belgium and the Netherlands connects Antwerp with the Volkerak. Boats can get from the Scheldt to the Rhine.

## References
That's What Friends Are For

"'''That's What Friends Are For'*" is a 1982 song written by Burt Bacharach and first recorded by Rod Stewart. It was taken from the 1982 movie *Night Shift''. It was covered by Dionne Warwick, Elton John, Gladys Knight and Stevie Wonder for AIDS awareness. It went to number 1 in the United States, Canada and Australia, number 16 in the United Kingdom, number 3 in New Zealand and number 2 in South Africa. It won 2 Grammy Awards in 1987.

## References
Reena Pärnat

**Reena Pärnat** is an archer from Estonia. She was born on 1 December 1993. She competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics and 2020 Summer Olympics.

## References
Rob Elder

**Rob Elder** is an archer from Fiji. He was born on 25 April 1981. Elder competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics, 2012 Summer Olympics and 2016 Summer Olympics.

## References
Ahmet Baitursynuly

**Ahmet Baitursynuly** (; 5 September 1872 — 8 December 1937) was a Kazakh poet who worked in politic, poetry, linguistics and education. He was arrested in 1937, for hiding "bourgeois nationalist sentiments", and executed.

## Early life and education 
Baitursynuly was born on 5 September 1872, in Turgay Oblast and was educated from Orenburg Teachers' School. When he was 13 years old, police officers came to village and caused trouble. Ahmet's father and three of his brothers fought with Colonel Yakovlev, and as a punishment, they were sent to Siberia for 15 years.

## References
Ultra-processed food

**Ultra processed food** is a classification in the NOVA food classification system. 

The NOVA system was developed by the Brazilian nutrition researcher Carlos Monteiro, with his team at the Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health at the University of São Paulo, Brazil. The system looks at food processing not foods types or nutrients -- which are used in most other food categorization systems. NOVA sorts foods into four categories:
# Unprocessed or minimally processed foods
# Processed culinary ingredients
# Processed foods
# Ultra processed food and drink products

This classification system is not accepted by everyone.

Almost all food is processed in some way. The term ultra-processing refers to the processing of industrial ingredients derived from foods, for example by extruding, moulding, re-shaping, hydrogenation, and hydrolysis. Ultra-processed foods generally include additives like preservatives, sweeteners, sensory enhancers, colourants, flavours, and processing aids. Infant formula and medical food are also considered ultra-processed. 

Food additives are not always a marker of ultra-processed foods. Preservatives, for example antioxidant or nitrite, are permitted for category 3. Some food in third world countries have additives like vitamin B1 and B3. Golden rice (GMO food) is one that is designed to help in areas where intake of certain nutrients are low, for example with Niacin. Bread is often fortified.   

“Chorleywood” process bread, ready meals, reconstituted meat and almost all breakfast cereals are generally thought to be ultra-processed. 

Ultra-processed food is generally cheap, so poor people eat a lot of it. 

There is evidence that eating a lot of ultra-processed food increases the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes and cancer.  People in the UK and USA are estimated to consume the most ultra-processed food.

## See also
* Genetically modified food 
* Healthy diet 

## References
1668 Shandong earthquake

The **1668 Shandong Earthquake**, also known as the **Great Tancheng Earthquake**, was a very powerful earthquake that struck Shandong Province, Qing dynasty, China on 25 July 1668. The earthquake had a magnitude 8.5 with a hypocenter (depth) of 25 km. The epicenter of the earthquake was in the northeast of the city of Linyi. The maximum Mercalli intensity was XII (Extreme). This earthquake caused massive devastation in Shandong and in the neighboring provinces, leading to the deaths of an estimated 43,000 to 50,000 people. This was the most powerful earthquake in eastern China, and one of the most powerful earthquakes to occur on land. Historical documents say that there was flooding at the coast and at river shores after the earthquake, which means that there could have been a tsunami. After the earthquake, there were many aftershocks which lasted for six years.

## References
Miehikkälä

**Miehikkälä** is a municipality in  Kymenlaakso, Finland. As of 28 February 2023, 1,784 people lived there, which makes it the smallest municipality in the region by population. Neighbouring municipalities are Hamina, Kouvola, Lappeenranta, Luumäki and Virolahti.

Most people speak Finnish.

## Other websites 
* Municipality of Miehikkälä – Official website
Virolahti

**Virolahti** () is a municipality in Kymenlaakso, Finland. It is on the border with Russia. As of 28 February 2023, 2,979 people lived there. Neighbouring municipalities are Hamina and Miehikkälä.

## Other websites 
* Municipality of Virolahti – Official website
Airai

**Airai**, located on the southern coast of Babeldaob island, is the second-most populous state of Palau. It contains the country's chief airport, Roman Tmetuchl International Airport, and is connected by the Koror–Babeldaob Bridge to nearby Koror Island. Its capital, largest village and third largest village of Palau is the village of the same Name Airai.
Ngeremlengui

**Ngaremlengui** is a west Palauan state. Though it has the lowest density of the country's 16 states it has the largest area and the seventh highest population. The state is divided into the three villages Ngchemesed, Ngermetengel and the capital Imeong.
Evil Queen

The **Evil Queen** (also known as the **Wicked Queen**, **Queen Grimhilde**, **Queen Ingrid**, the **witch** or the **hag**) is a fictional character who is the antagonist of the fairy tale *Snow White* (written by the Brothers Grimm) and its many adaptations.

## Character 
The exact personality of the Evil Queen is different depending on which version of the story is being told but one thing (almost) always stays the same: she is obsessed with beauty. 

In the story, she is the stepmother of Snow White. In some versions, she married Snow White's father (the King) so that she could become Queen and kill him. The Evil Queen is jealous of Snow White because she is told that the princess is more beautiful than she is.

### Character biography 
 translation of the original story]]
The Evil Queen owns a magic mirror, which one day tells her that her young stepdaughter Princess Snow White is now more beautiful than she is. The Queen orders her Huntsman to take the princess into the forest and murder her. The Huntsman takes pity on Snow White, and instead, brings the Queen the lungs and liver of a wild boar. The Queen has the cook prepare the lungs and liver and she eats what she believes are Snow White's organs.

While questioning her mirror again, the Queen learns that Snow White is still alive. Planning to kill Snow White herself, she dresses up as an old hag. She sells Snow White laces for a corset that she laces too tight to suffocate her to death. When that doesn’t work, the Queen comes back as a comb seller and tricks Snow White into using a poisoned comb. When the comb, too, fails to kill Snow White, the Queen again visits Snow White disguised as a farmer's wife and gives Snow White a poisoned apple. She eats the poisoned apple and falls into a deep sleep.

Snow White is awakened by the Prince from another kingdom, and they invite the Queen to their wedding. There, she is forced to put on red-hot iron shoes and "dance" until she dies. 

## Adaptations 
]]
The Evil Queen appears in many adaptations of the story but her most famous appearance is in *Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs*, a Disney movie. 

Here, her character is mostly the same except she is also a witch. In the Disney movie, the Evil Queen transforms into a hag using magic and travels to give Snow White a poisoned apple, which she eats and dies. The Evil Queen is then chased by the Seven Dwarfs and falls off a cliff.

In the 2024 remake, she will be played by Gal Gadot.

## Sources
Erika Blanc

**Enrica Bianchi Colombatto** (born 23 July 1942), usually known by her stage name of **Erika Blanc**, is an Italian actor. She was previously married to Bruno Gaburro.

## Career 
Blanc's most notable role was as the first fictional character Emmanuelle in *Io, Emmanuelle* (1969).  Blanc starred in several cult European horror movies. These include  *The Third Eye* (1966), *Kill, Baby, Kill* (1966), *So Sweet... So Perverse* (1969), *The Night Evelyn Came Out of the Grave* (1971), ''The Devil's Nightmare* (1971), *The Red Headed Corpse* (1972) and *Mark of the Devil Part II* (1973).

Her other movie credits include roles in *Django Shoots First* (1966), *Long Arm of the Godfather* (1972), *Tony Arzenta* (1973), *The Stranger and the Gunfighter* (1974), *Eye of the Cat* (1976) and *Dream of a Summer Night'' (1983).

## References
Chorleywood bread process

The **Chorleywood bread process** was invented at the British Baking Industries Research Association at Chorleywood in 1961.  Compared to traditional bread-making processes, it uses more yeast, added fats, chemicals, and high-speed mixing to allow the dough to be made with lower-protein wheat.  The bread is made in a shorter time.  In 2009, 80% of bread made in the United Kingdom was made this way. 

It uses dough conditioners. These are usually oxidizing agents such ascorbic acid or potassium bromate.The high-speed mixing process takes less than 5 minutes. The mixer operates at hundreds of revolutions per minute.

It has been criticised as producing unhealthy ultra-processed food.
## References
Chorleywood

**Chorleywood** is a village and a civil parish in the Three Rivers District, Hertfordshire.  It used to be  part of the parish of Rickmansworth.   11,286 people lived there at the 2011 census.  

In 2004 a study by the University of Oxford said Chorleywood was the “happiest place” to live in the UK.  In 2011 it was said to be  the “least deprived” area in the country by the Department of Communities and Local Government.

## References
Emery, Utah

**Emery** is a town in Emery County, Utah, United States. 307 people lived here at the 2020 census.

## References
Pacific lamprey

The **Pacific lamprey** (*Entosphenus tridentatus*) is an anadromous (reproduce up rivers) parasitic lamprey from the Pacific Coast of North America and Asia. It is a member of the Petromyzontidae family. The Pacific lamprey is also known as the **three-tooth lamprey**.

## Description
Pacific lampreys grow to about  as adults. They move from the ocean up rivers to reproduce. and reproduce once before dying. They have thin, long bodies with two fins on its back starting far back on the body. The anal fins are simple and the lower lobe of the tail fin is larger than the upper  and both lobes are joined with the dorsal fin and the anal fin. Adults living in the sea are a bluish-black or greenish colour above and pale below, but those in fresh water are brown. This species is known for having three (or occasionally two) sharp teeth. The Pacific lamprey are often found at sea or often far offshore. At sea, depth: near surface to 1,508&nbsp;m (4,946&nbsp;ft) 

## References
Assago

**Assago** ( or ) is a *comune* in the Metropolitan City of Milan, in the northern Italian region of Lombardy.

## References
Albairate

**Albairate** is a *comune* in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Lombardy region in Italy.

## References
Baranzate

**Baranzate** is a *comune* in the Metropolitan City of Milan, in the Lombardy region in Italy.

## References
Cambiago

**Cambiago** () is a *comune* in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Lombardy region in Italy.

## References
Atlantic blue marlin

The **Atlantic blue marlin** (***Makaira nigricans***) is a species of marlin that lives in the Atlantic Ocean. It is closely related to, and usually considered the same as, the Indo-Pacific blue marlin, then simply called blue marlin. Some authorities consider both species different.

The Atlantic blue marlin (blue marlin) feeds on a wide variety of animals near the surface. It uses its bill to stun, injure, or kill while moving through a school of fish or other prey, then returns to eat the injured or stunned fish. Marlin is a popular game fish. The high fat content of its meat makes it commercially valuable in certain markets as food. It is the national fish of the Commonwealth of The Bahamas and is featured on its coat of arms.

Blue marlin are distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical waters of the Atlantic Ocean.  A bluewater fish that spends the majority of its life in the open sea far from land,

They are sought after as a highly prized game fish by anglers and are also caught by commercial fishermen, both as a directed catch and as bycatch in major industrial tuna fisheries.  Blue marlin are currently considered a threatened species by the IUCN due to overfishing,

## References
Dourdan

**Dourdan** is a commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Essonne department in north France.

## References
Mordovia

**Mordovia** (; ; ), officially the **Republic of Mordovia**, is a republic of Russia. Its capital is the city of Saransk. As of 2010, 834,755 people lived in the republic.

## Notes 
## References
Rock of the Westies

***Rock of the Westies*** is the tenth studio album by Elton John and was released on 20 October 1975. It topped the album charts in Canada and the United States. It went to the top 10 in Australia, Denmark, New Zealand, Norway, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom.

## Track listing 
* Sides one and two were combined as tracks 1–9 on CD reissues.

## References
Xploration Station

**Xploration Station** is a E/I programming block that aired on Fox on September 13, 2014. it aired on weekends ( mostly Saturday mornings ) and it was aimed mostly at teenagers, the block contained 4 ( later 7 ) half-hour shows focusing on STEM ( Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics )

## Programming 
### Current Programming 
### Former Programming
Raorchestes sushili

'''Sushil's bush frog** or **Andiparai Shola Bush Frog'* (*Raorchestes sushili*) is a frog.  It lives in India.  Scientists have seen it in Valaparai in the Western Ghat mountains.

People have seen this frog in evergreen forests between 1000 and 1600 meters above sea level. The frog sits on plants 1-3 m above the ground. People have not seen this frog in places that human beings have changed.

Like other frogs in *Raorchestes'', this frog hatches out of its egg as a small frog.

Scientists believe this frog is in danger of dying out because it lives in a small place.

## First paper
*

## References
Black Water (song)

"**Black Water**" is a 1974 song by The Doobie Brothers. It was taken from their fourth studio album *What Were Once Vices Are Now Habits* and was originally the B-side to the hit single *Another Park, Another Sunday*. It was re-released in March 1975 and went to number 1 in the United States, number 11 in Canada, number 22 in Australia and number 18 in New Zealand. It was covered by Garth Brooks and was remade with Zac Brown Band for their 14th studio album *Southbound* in 2014.

## References
Gospel (song)

"**Gospel**" is a song by  Indonesian rapper Rich Brian, South Korean rapper Keith Ape, and American rapper XXXTentacion. It was released on May 12, 2017. 

The song was able to make it to #4 on the New Zealand Heatseekers and #7 on the Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles charts. It was also certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

In the song, X and Keith rap about assaulting and killing their enemies. Brain, Keith and X also rap about having sex with many women and how rich and successful they are.

During a Genius interview, Brian talked about how the song was created and when the verses were recorded, explaining: "I followed X on Twitter, and I mentioned him on something. My manager was like, “Oh, you fuck with X?” And then, I’m like, “Yeah. Of course.” X is actually friends with Ronny J, and I was friends with Ronny J at the time. I still am. Ronny J just FaceTimed me. They were together, and X was like, “Oh, what’s up dude? I know you.” And I was like, “Oh shit. That’s cool.” X recorded his verse right there. Ronny J already had the beat. I picked it out, because it was super cool, and I liked it. X got on it, and then after a while, the whole shit happened where he went to jail and stuff. So, we sat on the track a little bit. Then Keith Ape was like, “Yo, can I get on that?” And I was like, “Of course.” Because, everybody was like, “You should collaborate with Keith ape! You guys are both fucking Asian and shit.” Alright, whatever. Let’s do it. So, I was down. And then, X got out of jail, and he’d already had his verse on the song. Then Keith recorded his verse. I actually recorded my verse last."

## References
## Other websites
*
Chagan (nuclear test)

**Chagan** was a Soviet nuclear test that happened on January 15, 1965, in underground at the Semipalatinsk Test Site.

## References
Carita Jussila

**Carita Ann-Marie Jussila** was an archer from Finland. She was born on 20 August 1947 and died on 18 March 2011. She competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics.

## References
Taru Kuoppa

**Taru Kuoppa** is an archer from Finland. She was born on 14 November 1983. Kuoppa competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

## References
Just Don't Give a Fuck

"'''Just Don't Give a Fuck'''" is the only single off of American rapper Eminem's only extended play *Slim Shady EP*. It was also appeared on Eminem's second studio album *The Slim Shady LP*. The song was released on October 13, 1998. The song's title is a reference to the 1991 Tupac Shakur song "I Don't Give a Fuck". It also samples the Tupac song.

The song was able to make it to #5 on the Hot Rap Songs, #14 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles, and #62 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. 

In the song, Eminem raps about not caring what think about him. He also raps about having a problem with drug addiction and that he will kill anyone that talks about him behind his back. In the song, he disses American rappers Everlast, Miilkbone and Vanilla Ice in the song.

In his 2000 book *Angry Blonde*, Eminem said he wrote the song when he was staying at his mother's house. He said that around that time, his daughter Hailie was just born and he was struggling to give her a proper childhood. Between the place he was living at, not being able to provide for his daughter and his label producers about to drop him, Eminem put all his anger into the song.

A music video for the song was released. It was shot in black and white. In the video, Eminem as a child eats some of his mother's food and she hits him. The video moves forward Eminem chokes his mother. Eminem has a twelve-step program. Eminem and an alien visit a family having a picnic. Eminem is then sitting in a shopping cart with the alien driving his around. Eminem picks up a woman in a car and the later stands in a pool with four women.

## References
## Other websites
*
Kyösti Laasonen

**Kyösti Kalevi Laasonen** is a Finnish archer. He was born on 27 September 1945. Laasonen competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics, 1976 Summer Olympics, 1980 Summer Olympics and the 1984 Summer Olympics.

## References
Blue Moves

***Blue Moves*** is the eleventh studio album by Elton John and was released on 22 October 1976. It went to the top 10 in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States.

## Track listing 
## References
Madman Across the Water

***Madman Across the Water*** is the fourth studio album by Elton John and was released on 5 November 1971 through DJM and Uni Records. It went to number 8 in Australia and the United States, number 9 in Canada, number 11 in Spain, number 13 in Japan, number 14 in Italy and number 41 in the United Kingdom.

## Track listing 
## References
Don't Shoot Me I'm Only the Piano Player

'''''Don't Shoot Me I'm Only the Piano Player''''' is the sixth studio album by Elton John and was released on 26 January 1973. It topped the album charts in Australia, Canada, Italy, Norway, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States. It went to number 2 in Finland and the Netherlands, number 4 in Denmark and Japan and number 12 in Germany.

## Track listing 
## References
Caribou (album)

***Caribou*** is the eighth studio album by Elton John and was released on 24 June 1974. It topped the album charts in Australia, Canada, Denmark, the United Kingdom and the United States. It went to the top 10 in Italy, Japan, Norway, Spain and Sweden.

## Track listing 
## References
Tariqa

**Tariqa**  (or *tariqah*;  ''*) is an Islamic term to describe the spiritual path of a Sufi. The Sufi will take this path to get to the knowledge of Allah.  In a broader sense, it is the name for a group of Muslims following such a path. This group is called Sufi order. It has a *murshid* (guide) who plays the role of leader or spiritual director. The members or followers of a tariqa are known as *muridin* (singular *murid*), meaning "desirous", viz. "desiring the knowledge of God and loving God" (also called a *faqir*). Tariqa is also believed to be the same as Tzadik of Judaism meaning the "rightly guided one". The*y seek haqiqa*, which translates as "ultimate truth".

The first tariqas were founded in the 12th and 13th century and many of them still exist today. The head of a tariqa  is called a *sheikh*, the disciples are called *dervishes*.

## Related pages 
* Dargah
* Dervish
* Khanqah
* Zawiya (institution)
* Noble Eightfold Path

## References 
## Bibliography 
* J. M. Abun-Nasr, "The Tijaniyya", London 1965
* M. Berger, "Islam in Egypt today - social and political aspects of popular religion", London, 1970
* J. K. Birge, "The Bektashi Order of Dervishes", London and Hartford, 1937
* Clayer, Nathalie, Muslim Brotherhood Networks, EGO - European History Online, Mainz: Institute of European History , 2011, retrieved: May 23, 2011.
* O. Depont and X. Coppolani, "Les confreries religieuses musulmans" (the Muslim brotherhoods as they existed then), Algiers, 1897
* E. E. Evans-Pritchard, "The Sanusi of Cyrenaica", Oxford, 1949
* M. D. Gilsenen, "Saint and Sufi in Modern Egypt", Oxford, 1978
* G. H. Jansen, "Militant Islam", Pan, London 1979
* F. de Jong, "Turuq and Turuq-Linked Institutions in Nineteenth-Century Egypt", Brill, Leiden,1978
* J. W. McPherson, "The Moulids of Egypt", Cairo, 1941
* Mateus Soares de Azevedo, "Ordens Sufis no Islã: Iniciação às Confrarias Esotéricas muçulmanas no Irã xiita e no mundo sunita", São Paulo, Polar Editora, 2020

## Other websites 
* PHILTAR (*Philosophy of Theology and Religion'' at the Division of Religion and Philosophy of St Martin's College) has a very useful Graphical illustration of the Sufi schools.
* Infographics on the evolution of Tasawwuf and notable Sufi masters in history.  Unveiling the Mystical World of Tasawwuf and Sufi Stories: Personal Experiences and Perspectives
President of Kiribati

The **President of Kiribati** () is the head of state and head of government of Kiribati.

## List of presidents 
List of heads of state of Kiribati

## References
List of heads of Government of Kiribati
Anwaar ul Haq Kakar

**Anwar ul Haq Kakar** (, ) is a Pakistani politician. He was the Caretaker Prime Minister of Pakistan from 14 August 2023 until 4 March 2024. Before that, he was the spokesperson of the Government of Balochistan from 2015 to 2017.

## References
Volcanic gas

**Volcanic gases** are gases given out by active volcanoes or sometimes not active volcanoes. They come from gases trapped in holes in volcanic rocks, dissolved or separated gases in magma and lava, or gases coming from lava, volcanic craters, or openings. Volcanic gases can also be released through water heated by volcanic activity.
 during eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska in 2006.]]
Volcanic gases on Earth come from sources which include:
* Gases from the Earth's mantle, which include ancient and recycled materials.
* Gases that are absorbed from the Earth's crust.
* Gases taken from groundwater and the Earth's atmosphere.

Volatile substances are materials that can turn into gas or release gases when heated.
Drug-related crime

In many countries, it is forbidden to manufacture or trade certain drugs, which are regulated by the government. Usually, these drugs can be abused easily. Crimes related to the production or distribution of these drugs are called **drug-related crimes**. Drugs are also related to crime as drug trafficking and drug production are often controlled by drug cartels, organised crime and gangs. Some drug-related crime involves crime against the person such as robbery or sexual assaults.

These crimes include:
*Producing such a drug
*Buying, or selling such a drug, called illegal drug trade
*In some cases, possessing such a drug. In many cases, there is a difference between possessing small quantities for personal use, and possessing larger quantities, to trade
Illegal drugs are expensive, and some of the people trading wit them are themselves addicted to the drug.
So drug-related crime also includes:
*Small crimes to get the money required for the next dose, like burglaries, or robberies.
*Sometimes, crimes against the sexual integrity of a person. People may be forced to prostitute themselves to get the money required. As many are young, this may  count as child prostitution

* In some cases human trafficking. As many drug users are young: trafficking of children

## References
Minna Heinonen

**Minna Kaarina Heinonen** is an archer from Finland. She was born on 26 August 1967. Heinonen competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics.

## References
Up Around the Bend

"**Up Around the Bend**" is a 1970 song by Creedence Clearwater Revival. It was taken from their fifth studio album ''Cosmo's Factory''. It went to number 3 in the United Kingdom, Austria, Ireland and Germany, number 1 in Canada and Australia and number 4 in the United States and New Zealand. It was covered by Finnish glam metal band Hanoi Rocks in 1984.

## References
Luumäki

**Luumäki** is a municipality in South Karelia, Finland. Its seat is in the village of Taavetti. As of 28 February 2023, 4,423 people lived there. Neighbouring municipalities are Hamina, Kouvola, Lappeenranta, Lemi, Miehikkälä and Savitaipale.

## Villages 
Anjala, Antikkala, Askola, Ellola (Ellonen), Haimila, Heikkilä, Heimala, Hietamies, Himottula (Taina), Hirvikallio, Huomola, Huopainen, Husula, Huuhonkylä, Hyyrylä, Iihola, Inkilä, Junttola, Jurvala, Juurikkala (Juurikas), Kannuskoski, Keskinen, Kiurula, Kiviniemi, Kokkola, Kolppola, Kontula, Koskela, Kähölä, Lakkala (Lakka), Laukkala (Laukas), Lensula, Luotola, Marttila (Taavetti), Mentula, Metsola, Multiala, Munne (Munteenkylä), Niemi, Nokkala, Nuppola, Nurmiainen, Okkola, Orkola, Parola, Pitkäpää, Pukkila (Pukki), Pätärilä, Rantala, Saareks, Saarits, Saksala, Salmi, Sarkalahti, Sarvilahti, Siiropää, Sirkjärvi, Suoanttila, Suonpohja, Sydänmaanlakka, Taina, Tapavainola, Taukaniemi, Toikkala, Vainonen, Venäläinen, Viuhkola

## Other websites 
* Municipality of Luumäki – Official website
Kauko Laasonen

**Kauko Laasonen** is an archer from Finland. He was born on 8 January 1951. Laasonen competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics.

## References
Robert Körner

**Robert Körner** (21 August 1924 in Vienna – 22 June 1989) was an Austrian footballer. In the late 1940s and 50s, together with his younger brother Alfred Körner, he played for SK Rapid Wien and for the Austrian national team.

## Club career
Robert Körner came to Rapid's youth team in 1938. Robert Körner(Körner I) made his debut for Rapid at the right wing position on August 23, 1942 in a 10-1 victory over Wiener Austria. His  brother Alfred (Körner II) soon played as a left winger. His first title win in Hütteldorf was in the first post-war championship in 1945/46. The striker was also able to triumph in the Cup final against Vienna. Robert Körner was able to receive a total of seven championships He ended his career after the 1956/57 season. 
## International career
Körner made his debut for Austria in November 1948 against Sweden He was a participant at the 1954 FIFA World Cup. He earned 16 caps and  one goal.
## International statistics
:''Scores and results list Austria's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Körner goal.''

## Managger
After his active career, Robert Körner became a coach. First he worked at Rapid from 1959 to 1966. He won the championship two more times . Then he went Germany. He spent a season at SV Waldhof Mannheim Then he was assistant coach in the Bundesliga under his former colleague Max Merkel at 1 .FC Nuremberg. Winning the German championship in 1968 was his greatest success. In the 1968/69 season he succeeded Merkel as coach of 1. FC Nürnberg. He was released after just 18 days, on April 12, 1969. Later, Robert Körner always jumped in at Rapid when there was a need, so he worked three times as head coach: 1969/70, 1972 and 1975/76.
## Honours
### Player
* Austrian Football Bundesliga: 1946, 1948, 1951, 1952, 1954, 1956, 1957
* Austrian Cup: 1946
* Zentropa Cup: 1951

### Managerial
* Austrian Football Bundesliga: 1960, 1964
* Austrian Cup: 1961, 1972, 1976

## Other websites
*Profile and stats  - Rapid Archive
*UEFA On This Day
*
Basiglio

**Basiglio** is a *comune* in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Lombardy region in Italy.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Puumala

**Puumala** is a municipality in Southern Savonia, Finland. As of 28 February 2023, 2,111 people lived there. Neighbouring municipalities are Juva, Mikkeli, Ruokolahti, Savitaipale, Sulkava and Taipalsaari.

It was founded in 1868.

## Other websites 
* Municipality of Puumala – Official website
Inflation Reduction Act

The **Inflation Reduction Act of 2022**  is a  United States federal law which aims to reduce inflation by possibly reducing the federal government budget deficit, lowering prescription drug prices, and investing into domestic energy production while promoting clean energy. It was passed by the 117th United States Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden on August 16, 2022.

## References
Pieve Emanuele

**Pieve Emanuele** is a *comune* in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Lombardy region in Italy.

## References
Ménétréol-sous-Sancerre

**Ménétréol-sous-Sancerre** is a commune. It is in Centre-Val de Loire in the Cher department in central France. In 2020, 310 people lived there.

## References
Ieremia Tabai

**Ieremia Tienang Tabai**  (born 16 December 1949) is an I-Kiribati politician. He was the first President of Kiribati. He was the youngest ever Chief minister of the Commonwealth of Nations and then became the youngest ever head of State. During his presidency, he was considered the most  leader of the Pacific island countries.

## References
The Boswell Sisters

**The Boswell Sisters** were an American close harmony singing trio. They were three sisters: Martha Boswell (June 9, 1905 – July 2, 1958), Connie Boswell (later spelled "Connee", December 3, 1907 – October 11, 1976), and Helvetia "Vet" Boswell (May 20, 1911 – November 12, 1988). They came from uptown New Orleans. The group blended intricate harmonies and song arrangements featuring effects such as scat, instrumental imitation, ‘Boswellese’ gibberish, tempo and meter changes, major/minor juxtaposition, key changes, and incorporation of sections from other songs. They were famous in the United States in the 1930s at the end of the Jazz Age and the start of the Great Depression.

After the trio split in 1936, Connie continued as a solo vocalist in radio, film, and later television for an additional quarter century. The trio's "unique singing style and ground-breaking arrangements fused 'blackness' and 'whiteness' in music," and their collaborations with "the preeminent white swing musicians of their day—the Dorsey Brothers, Glenn Miller, Benny Goodman, Joe Venuti,  Eddie Lang, Artie Shaw, Victor Young, and Bunny Berigan—had a big effect on the development of the big band sound in the 1930s.

They recorded a song called Rock and Roll in 1933.

## References
Lucille La Verne

1921]]
**Lucille La Verne** (November 7, 1872 – March 4, 1945) was an American actress who was famous for her appearances in early sound films (the first films that were not silent). In modern times, she is most known for voicing the Evil Queen in *Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs*, which happened to be her final film role.

## Life 
Lucille La Verne was born near Nashville, Tennessee in 1872. From the age of 14, La Verne began acting on stage. She made her film debut in 1915 in the movie *Over Night.* Her best known part is that of the voice of the Evil Queen, from Disney's 1937 animated film *Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs*, which makes her the first person to voice a villain in a feature-length animated film.

La Verne died in 1945, in California after suffering from cancer.

## Filmography 
*1915: *Over Night* as Minor Role
*1916: *Sweet Kitty Bellairs* as Lady Maria (as Lucille Lavarney)
*1916: *The Thousand-Dollar Husband* as Mme. Batavia (as Lucille La Varney)
*1917: *Polly of the Circus* as Mandy
*1918: *The Life Mask* as Sarah Harden
*1918: *Tempered Steel* as Old Mammy
*1919: *The Praise Agent* as Mrs. Eubanks
*1921: *Orphans of the Storm* as Mother Frochard
*1923: *The White Rose* as 'Auntie' Easter (as Lucille Laverne)
*1923: *Zaza* as Aunt Rosa
*1923: *Among the Missing* as The Mother
*1924: *America* as Refugee Mother (as Lucile La Verne)
*1924: *His Darker Self* as Aunt Lucy
*1925: *Sun-Up* as Mother
*1928: *The Last Moment* as Innkeeper
*1930: *Abraham Lincoln* as mid-wife
*1930: ''Sinners' Holiday* as Mrs. Delano (as Lucille LaVerne)
*1930: *Du Barry, Woman of Passion* as Minor Role (voice, uncredited)
*1930: *The Comeback  * (Short)
*1931: *Little Caesar* as Ma Magdalena (uncredited)
*1931: *The Great Meadow* as Elvira Jarvis
*1931: *An American Tragedy* as Mrs. Asa Griffiths
*1931: *24 Hours* as Mrs. Dacklehorse
*1931: *The Unholy Garden* as Lucie Villars
*1932: *Union Depot* as lady with pipe (uncredited)
*1932: *She Wanted a Millionaire* as Mother Norton
*1932: *Alias the Doctor'' as Martha Brenner, Karl's foster mother (as Lucille LaVerne)
*1932: *While Paris Sleeps* as Mme. Golden Bonnet
*1932: *Hearts of Humanity* as Mrs. Sneider
*1932: *Breach of Promise* as Mrs. Flynn
*1932: *Babes in the Woods* (Short) as Witch (voice, uncredited)
*1932: *A Strange Adventure* as Miss Sheen
*1932: *Wild Horse Mesa* as Ma [The General] Melberne
*1933: ''Father Noah's Ark'' (short) as Noah's Wife
*1933: *Pilgrimage* as Mrs. Kelly Hatfield
*1933: *The Last Trail* as Mrs. Wilson
*1934: *Beloved* as Mrs. Briggs
*1934: *School for Girls* as Miss Keeble
*1934: *Kentucky Kernels* as Aunt Hannah (as Lucille LaVerne)
*1934: *The Mighty Barnum* as Joice Heth
*1935: *A Tale of Two Cities* as The Vengeance (as Lucille LaVerne)
*1936: *Hearts of Humanity* as Minor Role
*1936: *Ellis Island* as Radio (voice, uncredited)
*1937: *Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs* as the Evil Queen / Old Hag (voice, uncredited) (final film role)

## Sources
Jane McDonald

**Jane Anne McDonald** (born 4 April 1963) is an English singer and television presenter. She is well known for her TV appearances and for playing Grizabella, the main character of *Cats* in 2015 as well as being a host of *Loose Women*.

McDonald began as a singer performing in local pubs. In 1998, she appeared on a show named *The Cruise*, which was about the staff of a cruise ship. McDonald became a celebrity after appearing on the show and released her eponymous debut album *Jane McDonald.*

In recent years, McDonald has become a television presenter hosting many travel shows and programmes about different countries. She will also replace Phillip Schofield as the host of the British Soap Awards.

## Discography 
### Albums 
## Books 
* *Jane McDonald – Follow Your Dreams*, autobiography (2000)
* *Jane McDonald – Riding the Waves: My Story*, autobiography, Virgin Books (2019)

## Sources
Like Water for Chocolate (movie)

***Like Water for Chocolate*** () is a 1992 Mexican romantic drama movie directed by Alfonso Arau and was based on the 1989 novel of the same name by Laura Esquivel. It stars Marco Leonardi, Lumi Cavazos, Regina Torné, Mario Iván Martínez, Ada Carrasco, Yareli Arizmendi and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award in 1992.

## Other websites 
* 
*
Victim of Love (Elton John album)

***Victim of Love*** is the thirteenth studio album by Elton John and was released on 13 October 1979. It went to number 18 in Norway, number 20 in Australia, number 28 in Canada, number 35 in the United States, number 41 in the United Kingdom and number 44 in New Zealand.

## Track listing 
### Side one 
# "Johnny B. Goode" (Chuck Berry) – 8:06
# "Warm Love in a Cold World" (Pete Bellotte, Stefan Wisnet, Gunther Moll) – 4:30 (3:22 on older pressings)
# "Born Bad" (Bellotte, Geoff Bastow) – 5:16 (6:20 on older pressings)

### Side two 
# "Thunder in the Night" (Bellotte, Michael Hofmann) – 4:40
# "Spotlight" (Bellotte, Wisnet, Moll) – 4:24
# "Street Boogie" (Bellotte, Wisnet, Moll) – 3:56
# "Victim of Love" (Bellotte, Sylvester Levay, Jerry Rix) – 4:52 (5:02 on older pressings)
Too Funky

"**Too Funky**" is a 1992 song by George Michael. It was taken from his compilation album *Red Hot + Dance*. It went to the top 10 in Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States.

## Track listings 
* **UK 7-inch and cassette single**
: **European CD single**
: **Australian cassette single**
:A. "Too Funky" (extended) – 5:36
:B. "Crazyman Dance" – 5:05

* **UK and Australian CD single**
: **Japanese mini-CD single**
# "Too Funky" – 3:45
# "Crazyman Dance" – 5:05
# "Too Funky" (extended) – 5:36

* **European 12-inch and maxi-CD single**
# "Too Funky" (extended) – 5:36
# "Too Jazzy" (Happy mix) – 5:52
# "Too Funky" (Digital mix) – 6:24

* **US 7-inch and cassette single**
# "Too Funky" – 3:45
# "Crazyman Dance" – 5:52

* **US 12-inch and maxi-cassette single**
:A1. "Too Funky" (extended) – 5:37
:A2. "Too Funky" (Digital mix) – 6:25
:B1. "Too Jazzy" (Happy mix) – 5:53
:B2. "Crazyman Dance" – 5:52

* **US maxi-CD single**
# "Too Funky" (extended) – 5:37
# "Too Funky" (Digital mix) – 6:45
# "Too Jazzy" (Happy mix) – 5:45
# "Too Funky" (single version) – 3:45
# "Crazyman Dance" – 5:52

## References
Faith (George Michael song)

"**Faith**" is a 1987 song by George Michael and is the second single from his debut studio album of the same name. It topped the single charts in Australia, Belgium, Canada, the Netherlands, New Zealand and the United States. It went to the top 5 in Austria, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Norway, Spain, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

## References
Ehrenkirchen

**Ehrenkirchen** is a municipality in Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It has five districts (*Ortsteile*): Ehrenstetten, Kirchhofen, Norsingen, Offnadingen, and Scherzingen.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Captain Fantastic and the Brown Dirt Cowboy

***Captain Fantastic and the Brown Dirt Cowboy*** is the ninth studio album by Elton John and was released on 23 May 1975. It topped the album charts in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States and made the top 10 in Austria, Finland, Norway, Spain and the United Kingdom. It was nominated for two Grammy Awards in 1976.

## Track listing 
All songs written by Elton John and Bernie Taupin, except where noted.

Note: On the original DJM Records CD version, "We All Fall in Love Sometimes" and "Curtains" are both combined into one track, making it a nine-track album. On all other CD versions (MCA Records, Polydor and French label Carrere Records), the two tracks are separated.

### Bonus tracks (1995 Mercury and 1996 Rocket reissue) 
### 30th Anniversary Deluxe Edition 
## References
Raorchestes coonoorensis

The **Coonoor bush frog** (*Raorchestes coonoorensis*) is a frog.  It lives in India.  Scientists have seen it in exactly one place, in the Western Ghat mountains, between 1,780 and 2083 meters above sea level.

People have seen this frog on large farms and in forests that human beings have changed. People saw the frogs sitting on leaves 1-1.5 m over the ground. Like other frogs in *Raorchestes*, this frog hatches out of its egg as a small frog and is never a tadpole.

The frog is endangered because humans changed the places where it lives too much, for example to build roads and other things for paying visitors. Chemicals meant to kill pests can also kill this frog.

## First paper
*

## References
Sanma Province

**Sanma** is a north Vanuatuan province with the capital Luganville. It is Vanuatu's largest province and the second-most populous one after Shefa.
Méreau

**Méreau** is a commune. It is in Centre-Val de Loire in the Cher department in central France. In 2020, 2,620 people lived there.

## References
Jazz Age

The **Jazz Age** was a period in the 1920s and 1930s when jazz music and dance styles became popular. The Jazz Age came first in the United States, where jazz started in New Orleans. It came from the culture of African Americans.  Jazz played a significant part in wider cultural changes in this period, and its influence on popular culture continued long afterwards.

The Jazz Age is often referred to with the Roaring Twenties. It overlapped in significant cross-cultural ways with the Prohibition Era. It was affected by the introduction of radios. During this time, the Jazz Age was intertwined with the developing youth culture. It spread into Europe.

## References
Rothera Research Station

**Rothera** is a research station in Antarctica. It is located at Rothera point on Adelaide Island. In summer, there are about 130 scientists, in winter, there are 22. The station has a small airport, with a runway of . 

## References
Mystery Train

"**Mystery Train**" is a song written and recorded by American blues musician Junior Parker in 1953. Originally performed in the style of a Memphis blues or rhythm and blues tune, it was inspired by earlier songs and later became a popular rockabilly song.  Elvis Presley had a big hit with it and continued to play it in his live shows until he died.   

It was also covered by Jim Morrison, The Paul Butterfield Blues Band, The Band, Bob Dylan and The Stray Cats.

## References
Junior Parker

**Herman "Junior" Parker** (March 27, 1932 – November 18, 1971) was an American blues singer and musician. He is best remembered for his voice which has been described as "honeyed" and "velvet-smooth".  

He was born in  Coahoma County, Mississippi.  He died of a brain tumour in 1971.

## References
List of programs broadcast by Fox Kids

This is a **list of television programs that aired on Fox Kids** for 12 years from 1990 to 2002.

## Former programming 
### Original programming 
### Acquired programming 
## References
Crank My Tractor

"**Crank My Tractor**" is a 1996 song by country singer Michelle Wright and is the second single from her fifth studio album ''For Me It's You''. It topped the Canadian country charts in December 1996.

## References
Taylors Mistake

**Te Onepoto** or **Taylors Mistake** is a locality in the South Island. It is the southeastern suburb of Christchurch and is on the north side of Awaroa / Godley Head, on the northern edge of Banks Peninsula. The beach is popular with surfers and swimmers. It has approximately 50 small century-old seaside beaches remaining on the coastal strip from Hobsons Bay to the north and Boulder Bay to the south.

## References
Olavi Laurila

**Olavi Laurila** is an archer from Finland. He was born on 29 December 1940. Laurila competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics.

## References
Jari Lipponen

**Jari Matti Lipponen** is a retired archer from Finland. He was born on 17 October 1972. Lipponen competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics, 1996 Summer Olympics, and the 2000 Summer Olympics.

## References
Päivi Meriluoto

**Päivi Aulikki Aaltonen** is a retired archer from Finland. She was born on 12 December 1952. Aaltonen competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics, 1984 Summer Olympics, and the 1988 Summer Olympics.

## References