open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
University of Duisburg-Essen

The **University of Duisburg-Essen** is a public university in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. In 2019, it was ranked 194th in the world by the *Times Higher Education World University Rankings*. The university began in 1654 and was restarted in 2003 after the Gerhard Mercator University of Duisburg and the University of Essen joined. It has campuses in Duisburg and Essen, and it is part of the University Alliance Ruhr. 

The university has 12 departments and about 40,000 students, making it one of the largest in Germany. Its research funding has grown by 150% since 2014. Its science and engineering programs are among the top 10 in Germany, and its humanities programs rank in the top 30.

## History 
The university was first created in 1654 in Duisburg. It had four areas of study: Theology, Medicine, Law, and Arts. It was closed in 1818 because of competition from better universities. Its library and ceremonial sceptre were sent to the new University of Bonn.

In 1968, a new university was founded in Duisburg and later named *Gerhard Mercator University*. In 2003, this university merged with the University of Essen to form the University of Duisburg-Essen.

## References
Huawei Nova 7i

The **Huawei Nova 7i** (also known as **Huawei P40 lite** and **Huawei Nova 6 SE**) is an smartphone that developed by Huawei as mid-range Huawei Nova series. It was released on February 14, 2020. It comes with three colors such as midnight black, crush green and sakura pink.

## Specifications
### Hardware and design
The Huawei Nova 7i design looks like a Huawei P40 Lite and Huawei Nova 6 SE. This includes 6.4 inch screen size, 1080x2310 resolution, 48MP wide rear camera, 8MP ultrawde rear camera, 2MP marco rear camera, 2MP depth rear camera, 1080P 30FPS video recording, 4200mAh battery capacity, 40W fast charging, 128GB storage, 8GB RAM, IPS LCD sisplay, HiScilion Kirin 810 chipset, 16MP front camera, 3.5m headphone jack, WiFi, Bluetooth 5.1 and FM Radio.

### Software
Huawei Nova 7i runs EMUI 10 as first launch based on Android 10. They can upgrade to other version like EMUI 12. Due to U.S. government rules since 2019, Huawei Nova 7i use Huawei AppGallery without Google Services.

## References
## Other websites
*Official websites
History of Australia (1851–1900)

The **History of Australia (1851–1900)** refers to the history of the people of the Australian continent during the 50-year period which preceded the foundation of the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901.

## Gold rush and its effects 
 Riot. J. B. Henderson (1854) watercolour.]]

The discovery of gold in 1851 in New South Wales and Victoria brought many people to Australia. This period, known as the gold rush, boosted the economy and led to high immigration, especially from China, Britain, and America. However, tensions arose, particularly at the Eureka Rebellion in 1854, where miners protested unfair taxes and lack of voting rights. This event is seen as a symbol of Australia's fight for democracy.

## Self-government 
From 1855, most Australian colonies began to govern themselves while still part of the British Empire. Colonies like New South Wales, Victoria, and South Australia created constitutions allowing elected governments, though Britain retained control of defense and foreign policy. Western Australia gained self-government much later in 1890.

## Exploration and expansion 
, ''Arrival of Burke, Wills and King at the deserted camp at Cooper's Creek, Sunday evening, 21st April 1861'']]
Explorers, such as Burke and Wills and John McDouall Stuart, mapped inland Australia during this period. These expeditions opened up new areas for grazing and settlement, but often disregarded the knowledge and presence of Indigenous peoples.

## Impact on indigenous Australians 
The expansion of farming and settlements displaced Aboriginal communities, leading to violence and disease. Many were forced onto missions or reserves. By 1900, their population had dramatically declined due to these factors.

## Towards federation 
During the late 19th century, Australia’s six colonies discussed uniting to form a single nation. The Federal Council of Australasia was established in 1885, and by 1901, Australia became a federation under the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act.

## Economic development 
The economy grew with industries like wool production and mining, supported by British investments. Immigrants, mostly from the UK, brought labor and skills to sustain this growth. However, economic inequality persisted, and debates on issues like workers' rights intensified.
Battle of Cikapundung

**Battle of Cikapundung** or also **Skirmish at Cikapundung** was an small Battle in Village Dayeuhkolot at South Bandung, the battle objective was to destroy the allied ammo factory and the battle was going successful.

## Background 
After the Bandung, get fired by the Indonesian fighter and the Allied forces captured the burned Bandung Indonesian fighter launched many attacks to eliminate the Allied forces in Bandung and also ambushed they supplies and the ammo.

The Fighter Planned to attack the factory in Dayeuhkolot to destroyed allied ammo supplies and to destroy many weapons in their factory with objective to cut off the Allied forces supplies by attack their factory.

## Skirmishes 
In night day the Indonesian fighter, Who backed up by sore BKR Unit launched the Skirmishes around Dayeuhkolot and destroyed the allied ammunition factory. 
The Allied forces Who saw the Indonesian Fighter attacked them and make some few of BKR troops retreated and this gunfight going on 2 hours. 

Toha and his fried Mohammad Ramdan go to the factory and they suffered injuries and serious wound. They successfully entered the factory but because they suffered serious wound they decided to do Suicide bomb and make the factory get destroyed.

## References
Martin Ødegaard

in 2022]]
**Martin Ødegaard** (born 17 December 1998 in Drammen) is a Norwegian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for and captains both Premier League club Arsenal and the Norway national team. Considered one of the best midfielders in the world, he is known for his technique, dribbling ability, vision and range of passing.

Ødegaard began his senior club career at age 15 in 2014, playing for Strømsgodset; he set the Tippeligaen record for its youngest goalscorer, and in 2015, signed for Real Madrid in a transfer worth an initial €4 million (Kr. 35 million), where he set the club record for its youngest player. After enduring sporadic playing time, Ødegaard joined Eredivisie clubs Heerenveen and Vitesse, and La Liga club Real Sociedad, on successive loans between 2017 and 2019; Ødegaard won the Copa del Rey with Real Sociedad in 2019. Following another loan, he signed for Arsenal in 2021 in a transfer worth an initial £30 million (€35 million). After a successful first full season with Arsenal, he was announced as the club's captain in 2022.

Ødegaard made his senior international debut for Norway in 2014, at age 15, and has set the record for the youngest senior Norway player, and the youngest player to play in a UEFA European Championship qualifying match. He assumed the full captaincy of Norway in March 2021.

## References
History of Australia (1788–1850)

The **history of Australia from 1788 to 1850** covers the early British colonial period of Australia's history.

## Arrival of the first fleet and early colonization 
In 1788, the British sent the First Fleet to establish a penal colony at Botany Bay in New South Wales. Led by Arthur Phillip, the colony faced early challenges, including food shortages and unfamiliar conditions. The settlement moved to Sydney Cove due to better resources, marking the beginning of modern Australia. The colony's primary purpose was to house convicts after Britain lost its American colonies.

## Expansion of settlement 
By the early 1800s, settlements spread as British explorers crossed barriers like the Blue Mountains (1813), opening fertile lands west of Sydney. New settlements included Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania) and inland towns like Bathurst. These expansions often displaced Aboriginal Australians, causing conflict and significant population loss due to disease and violence.

## Convict transportation 
Convicts were the backbone of early labor. Transportation peaked with thousands arriving annually until convict transportation to New South Wales ended in 1840. Freed convicts were sometimes granted land or rights, contributing to the colony's growth. Other colonies, like South Australia, were established without convict labor.

## Agriculture and economy 
Farming, particularly sheep grazing for wool production, became the main economic activity, supported by British capital. Banks like the Bank of New South Wales were established to handle trade. By the 1830s, land grants gave way to sales, and large-scale pastoralism expanded, often at the expense of Indigenous lands.

## Indigenous impact 
British colonization devastated Aboriginal populations, reducing their numbers and disrupting their cultures. Resistance and violent conflicts occurred, but settlers continued to claim land under the belief of terra nullius (land belonging to no one).

## Colonial development 
By 1850, separate colonies such as South Australia (1836) and Western Australia (1829) had been established, each with distinct policies. Discussions about self-governance began, laying the groundwork for Australia’s eventual federation in 1901.
History of Australia (1945–present)

The **history of Australia since 1945** has seen long periods of economic prosperity and the introduction of an expanded and multi-ethnic immigration program, which has coincided with  moves away from Britain in political, social and cultural terms and towards increasing engagement with the United States and Asia.

## Post-World War II rebuilding 
After World War II, Australia focused on rebuilding and growing its economy. Projects like the Snowy Mountains Scheme (1949–1974) created jobs and supported immigration. Australia adopted a multicultural immigration policy, welcoming millions of people from Europe and later Asia and the Middle East, shaping modern society.

## The Cold War era 
During the Cold War, Australia aligned closely with the United States, joining conflicts like the Korean War and the Vietnam War to counter communism. Domestically, fears of communism led to attempts to ban the Communist Party of Australia in the 1950s.

## Social and economic changes 
The 1950s and 1960s brought economic prosperity and cultural shifts. Television and rock and roll music became popular, and Australia hosted the 1956 Melbourne Olympics. In 1967, a referendum allowed Aboriginal Australians to be counted in the census, marking a step toward addressing Indigenous rights.

## End of White Australia Policy 
By the 1970s, the White Australia Policy ended, and immigration became more inclusive, welcoming people from across the world. This led to Australia becoming a more multicultural nation.

## Recent history 
Since the 1980s, Australia has strengthened ties with Asia and the Pacific while maintaining its alliance with the U.S. The economy has grown steadily, thanks to industries like mining and technology. Social progress continues, including recognizing Aboriginal land rights and same-sex marriage legalization in 2017.
Sambahsa

**Sambahsa**, short for **Sambahsa-Mundialect**, is a constructed language designed by French linguist Olivier Simon in 2007. It is based on Proto-Indo-European (PIE), the ancient ancestor of many modern languages, but also incorporates vocabulary from non-PIE languages like Arabic, Chinese, and Swahili. The name "Sambahsa" combines the Malay words sama (same) and bahsa (language).

## Purpose and features 
Sambahsa is an auxiliary language intended for international communication. Unlike simpler constructed languages like Esperanto, Sambahsa retains a complex grammar and historical linguistic elements, aiming for realism and versatility. It has:
* Four grammatical cases: nominative, accusative, dative, and genitive.
* Two numbers: singular and plural.
* Four genders: masculine, feminine, neuter, and undetermined (a new feature for inclusivity).
* A unique verb system influenced by PIE.

## Vocabulary 
Sambahsa has an extensive vocabulary for an auxiliary language, with contributions from Indo-European and non-Indo-European languages. This makes it a worldlang, a type of constructed language blending features from many linguistic families.

## Learning and use 
Sambahsa offers detailed resources for learners, including guides and online materials. Its complex grammar appeals to linguists and enthusiasts, but the language is less popular compared to simpler alternatives.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official Website of Sambahsa
* A Sambahsa English Dictionary
* Sambahsa-English dictionary on Glosbe (providing dictionaries to many other languages)
* Sambahsa-mundialect Wiki
Safranbolu

**Safranbolu** is a district within the borders of Karabük province in Turkey. It is located in the Black Sea Region in northern Turkey. It has so many historical places. Safranbolu is a UNESCO World Heritage City. 

## References
Sunderland Talmudical College

The **Sunderland Talmudical College** (Hebrew: ישיבת שארית הפליטה נצח ישראל), commonly known as **Sunderland Yeshiva**, is a yeshiva located in Gateshead, United Kingdom. As of 2024, there are about 80 students, mainly from England, but also from Switzerland, Belgium, and the USA.

## History 
The yeshiva was started in Sunderland in October 1946 by Rabbi Aryeh Leib Grossnass and Rabbi Zushe Waltner, with the help of Rabbi Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler. It began at 2 Kensington Esplanade and had around 30 students who came from displaced persons camps. In the 1950s, the yeshiva welcomed students from Morocco and later from other North African countries.

In November 1952, the yeshiva moved to 1 The Cedars Road in Sunderland and then relocated to Gateshead in June 1988, but it kept its original name. In 2021, the yeshiva expanded its building to add a new dining room, shiur rooms, and dormitories. Today, it has about 100 students, with 60 in the yeshiva and 40 in the Kibbutz.

## Staff 
The first head of the yeshiva was Rabbi Zushe Waltner, who was followed by Rabbi Shammai Zahn in 1952. Rabbi Zechariah Gelley joined him in 1965 and stayed until 1987. After Rabbi Zahn passed away in 2003, Rabbi Yankel Ehrentreu became the current head of the yeshiva. His brother, Rabbi Avrohom Ehrentreu, leads the Kibbutz.

The teaching staff includes several members from the Ehrentreu and Zahn families, such as:

* **Rabbi Avrohom Chaim Zahn**, morning Maggid Shiur of Shiur Alef
* **Rabbi Shlomo Klyne**, afternoon Maggid Shiur of Shiur Alef
* **Rabbi Shmuel Wolf**, morning Maggid Shiur of Shiur Beis
* **Rabbi Yankel Rubenstein**, afternoon Maggid Shiur of Shiur Beis
* **Rabbi Dovid Zahn**, morning Maggid Shiur of Shiur Gimmel
* **Rabbi Chaim Roberts,** Rosh Chabura of Shiur Gimmel

There are also a few question-and-answer teachers like Rabbi Yaki Cohen, Rabbi Chaim Goldkin, and Rabbi Yisroel Meir Hirsch. The mashgiach position is currently empty due to Rabbi Moshe Salomon's illness.

## The Kibbutz 
The Kibbutz, which is a group of top students from other yeshivas, was established in 1996 by Rabbi Yechezkel Ehrentreu. Rabbi Avrohom Ehrentreu leads the Kibbutz and is also one of the chief rabbis of Gateshead. The mashgiach of the Kibbutz is Rabbi Ephraim Shmuel Zahn. The Kibbutz students have a separate dormitory and study together with the younger students.

In September 2023, Rabbi Yechezkel Ehrentreu was promoted to a leadership position in the Kibbutz, after being a teacher in the yeshiva.

## Notable alumni 
One of the known graduates is Rabbi Pesach Eliyahu Falk, who is a respected teacher, lecturer, and author.

## References
Rakhra (caste)

**Rakhra** (or shortly restated as *rakkar*) is anomaly an heritable Sikh family based on village settled by **Dhaliwal Jats of Patiala**, Under the command of Mubarak Khan Rakhra, who served as the strategic advisor to Ahmed Shah Durrani, an attempt was made by *Rakhda* kinsman  to take possession of the area between the "Rachna Doab" and the Jhelum River, which was disputably proclaimed as the territory of their feudal rivals, the Sukerchakia clan 

## Notable people 
Notable people bearing the name *Rakhera* imclude:

* Surjit Singh Rakhra Indian Politician and leader of Shiromani Akali dal party (SAD)

## Related pages 
* Jats
* Durrani Empire
* Family name

## References
Belchior TekaTeka Moço

**Belchior TekaTeka Moço**, or  simply known as **Lukeny Moço** (born 18 September 1999 in Cazenga Luanda, Angola), is an Angolan singer and songwriter. His famous songs include *Deixou dor* (2022).
## Biography 
He is the son of Lázaro Moço and Rosa Mateus Simão. His ethnic sub-group is in the south of Angola, Lukeny Moço grew up in the former "New Lisbon", the current province of Huambo.

His single titled I'm in Moda revealed the singer's position in the Angolan music industry.

Lukeny was awarded, in the category of best artist, for the musical style Kizomba, in the Angola Music Awards competition that took place in 2019.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Lukeny  Moço on Instagram
Sehol X6

The **Sehol X6** is a compact Crossover SUV made by JAC Motors under the Sehol brand. It is built on the same platform as the JAC Refine S5 and was introduced as an updated model for the Sehol lineup.

## History 
The Sehol X6 was first shown to the public at the 2022 Beijing Auto Show. Early in its development, it was planned to be named the Sehol X5.  The X6 shares its design with other Sehol models but has a unique front design. It is positioned below the Sehol QX and above the Sehol X4 in Sehol’s product lineup.
## Features 
The Sehol X6 has a 1.5-liter turbocharged four-cylinder petrol engine that produces 150 horsepower and 210 Nm of torque. It is assembled in Hefei, China, and is also produced in Bam, Iran, under the name KMC X5. The vehicle has a five-door body style.
## References
Sehol X4

The **Sehol X4** is a compact Crossover SUV produced by JAC Motors under the Sehol brand. It is a modern version of the JAC Refine S4. The vehicle was first launched in China in 2020 and is available in other countries as well.

## History 
The Sehol X4 was introduced in June 2020 in China as an updated version of the JAC Refine S4. The model was also launched in Brazil in December 2020, where it is sold as the JAC T60 Plus. An electric version of the X4, known as the Sehol E40X, was launched in January 2021. The Sehol brand was formerly known as Sol.
## Sehol E40X 
The Sehol E40X is the electric version of the X4. It has a battery that comes in two options: 55 kWh or 66 kWh. Depending on the battery size, the driving range is up to 502 km (312 miles) based on the NEDC standard.
## Powertrain 
The Sehol X4 has a petrol engine option with a 1.5-liter turbo or a 1.6-liter engine. The car has front-wheel drive and can come with a 6-speed manual transmission or a continuously variable transmission (CVT). The electric version, the E40X, uses a permanent magnet synchronous motor.
## Related Models 
In Russia, the Sehol X4 is assembled under the name Moskvitch 3. The assembly began in November 2022, and the model was released for sale in December 2022
## References
BYD F3

The **BYD F3** is a compact sedan made by BYD. 

## First generation (2005) 
BYD started production of the F3 in September 2005. The first generation F3 is powered by Mitsubishi's 4G-series engines for early models.  

In March 2014, the F3 was facelifted. Changed new bumpers, headlights, taillights, wheels, grills and mirrors. Its powered by 1,5 liter *BYD473QE* engine with 107 horsepowers, or turbocharged 1,5 liter BYD476ZQA with 151 horsepower. The 1.5-litre turbo engine was discontinued in mid-2015.

F3 received another facelift in 2016. The new F3 is powered by the same engine with 109 horsepowers. 

The original F3 was returned in 2020 as F3 Classic.
File:BYD F3 Rear 2017.11.2.jpg|2005-2014 F3 rear view
File:BYD F3R front 8.12.18.jpg|BYD F3R
File:BYD F3R rear 8.12.18.jpg|Rear
File:2014 BYD F3 facelift (front).jpg|2014-2016 F3
File:2014 BYD F3 facelift (rear).jpg|Rear view
File:BYD F3 facelift II China 2017-03-22.jpg|2016-2021 BYD F3
File:2017 BYD F3.jpg|Rear view

## Second generation (2012) 
In 2012,  the second generation of F3 was launched as BYD F3 Plus or Surui. Transmission choices are a 5-speed manual, 6-speed manual or 6-speed dual clutch gearbox.  

### 2015 facelift 
In February 2015, the F3 was facelifted as "third generation". The facelift included new headlights and tail lights, bumpers and a new dashboard. 
File:BYD Surui Sanming 01 2023-03-13.jpg|BYD Surui (2012-2015)
File:BYD Surui 02 China 2014-04-28.jpg|Rear view
File:2018 BYD Surui facelift, front 8.6.18.jpg|BYD Surui (2015-2018)
File:BYD Surui facelift 02 China 2015-04-06.jpg|Rear view

## Discontinuation 
The BYD F3 was discontinued in late 2021 due to decreasing sales and BYD switching its focus onto electric vehicles.

## References
My Ancient World

***My Ancient World*** is a documentary series focusing about prehistoric life. The first episode, *Life or Death*, focuses on the life of the first animals. The second episode, *The Rise of Fish*, focuses on animals such as *Cladoselache*, *Hynerpeton*, *Dunkleosteus* and *Stethacanthus*, as well as other creatures, such as *Helicoprion*, *Inostranceiva*, *Estemmenosuchus*, *Scutosaurus*, *Procynosuchus* and *Eotitanosuchus*. The third episode, *A New Dynasty*, focuses on a *Coelophysis*, as well as the annual migration of a group of *Placerias*, and the *Coelophysis*'s encounter of a *Desmatosuchus*. The other episodes focuse about other creatures of the past.

## Animals featured 
* Trilobite
* Anomalocaris

* Cephalaspis
* Pterygotus

* Cameroceras

* Ammonite
* Cladoselache
* Dunkleosteus
* Stethacanthus
* Hynerpeton

* Edaphosaurus
* Dimetrodon
* Diplocaulus
* Helicoprion
* Estemmenosuchus
* Eotitanosuchus
* Inostranceiva
* Scutosaurus (carcass shown only)
* Coelophysis
* Procynosuchus
* Placerias
* Postosuchus
* Protosuchus
* Desmatosuchus
* Metoposaurus
* Brontosaurus
* Stegosaurus
* Dryosaurus
* Ceratosaurus
* Allosaurus
* Ornitholestes
* Comodactylus
* Tyrannosaurus
* Triceratops
* Dakotaraptor
* Anzu
* Quetzalcoatlus
* Didelphodon
* Edmontosaurus
* Ankylosaurus
* Edmontonia
* Stygimoloch
* Ornithomimus
* Kelenken
* Hipparion (one female that was killed by a bull Kelenken)
* Dire wolf
* Smilodon (identified as a saber-toothed tiger)
* Wild boar
* Mastodon
* Mylodon (a female that the mastodon calf encountered)
* Glyptodon (identified as a glyptodont)
* Peccary
Arriva Sapphire

**Arriva Sapphire** was a luxury brand used by different Arriva bus companies in the United Kingdom.

## History
In February 2013, Arriva UK Bus announced that it would launch a luxury service called Sapphire for its bus services in the United Kingdom. 

Arriva launched the Sapphire brand on four routes:
*Arriva Buses Wales' route 1 Wrexham to Chester
*Arriva Midlands' route 31/31a Oadby to Leicester this route now uses any vehicles 
*Arriva North East's route 7 Darlington to Durham
*Arriva Shires & Essex's route 280 Aylesbury to Oxford

From 2014 to 2015, seventeen routes were added to the Sapphire brand

In 2017, the Arriva Sapphire logo and bus livery was improved. In 2018, the Arriva Sapphire logo was improved again.

In 2019, Arriva Midlands routes 1, 2, 2E from Walsall to Cannock/Huntington were changed to normal buses. Many routes around the country have been removed from the Sapphire brand.

In 2022, Arriva started to remove the Sapphire brand, the buses were painted into the normal Arriva livery or they were replaced with new buses.

## Routes
 with the first Sapphire livery in October 2014]]
 with the first Sapphire livery in August 2014]]
 with the second Sapphire livery in January 2018]]
 with the second Sapphire livery in May 2018]]
 with the Sapphire livery  in July 2020]]

As of July 2024, there were 29 Arriva Sapphire routes.

### Former services
## Buses
Buses had leather seats, free WiFi, power ports, and a blue livery.The first routes operated with old double deck buses and new VDL SB200s with Wright Pulsar bodywork .

New routes were added and new buses had been ordered for the new routes, the buses were Alexander Dennis Enviro400s, Wright StreetLites and Wright StreetDecks.

In 2020 some Optare Versas in Yorkshire were painted into the new Arriva Sapphire livery.

## Related pages
*Arriva Max

## References
## Other websites 
*
*
Pitched-brick vault

A **pitched-brick vault** is a vault made laying bricks against an existing wall. This allows to complete the vault without using any other support.

Examples have been found in archaeological excavations in Mesopotamia dating to the 2nd and 3rd millennium BCE, which were set in plaster.

## References
Tile vault

A **tile vault** is a vault built setting thin bricks by their edges with quick plaster, following a predefined curve to create a thin and light vault.

The oldest tiled vaults date back to Islamic architecture.

Not to be confused with pitched-brick vaults.

## References
## Other websites
Siyal people

**Sial** or **Siaal** is a Scythian tribe mainly residing mainly in the asian subcontinents of India and Pakistan. They are also known as Silwa, Śâla or Shala, Sarya or Sarwya and Sial. 

## Mythology of Origin
Agnivanshi Sial, claim descent from a Parmar Rajput king named Rai Sankar. 

Nagvanshi Sial, claim mythical descent from Shavala, the snake son of Kadru.  

Chandravanshi Sial, according to few sources like Shrimad Bhagwatam they claim descent from Rajkumara siala.  Another Chandravanshi bloodline accourding to dahiya rajput khemraj settled at sayala.A snake bit his son named samsingh. At that time  Acharya shri jai keshari suri cured him by the power of  mantras. Samsingh converted him self into Siyal. 

Suryavanshi Sial, claim mythical descent from the Hindu God Rama.  

Jagdev was the bodyguard of king pattan. Jagdev had three son respectively soorji,sankhji and sanwalji. Once sanwalji went in to the war and come back without fighting , so his family was named siyal. The siyal word named because the nature of sanwalji.(Siyal word derived from jackel).  

## References
Sehol X7

The **Sehol X7** is a mid-size Crossover SUV produced by JAC Motors under the Sehol brand. It was launched in 2020 and is an updated version of the previous model, the JAC Refine S7.

## History 
The Sehol X7 was first introduced under the Jiayue brand as the **Jiayue X7** in 2020. It was developed as an extensive update to the JAC Refine S7. In October 2020, the Jiayue brand was discontinued, in 2021 and the model was rebranded as the Sol X7. In the same year JAC restructured its brands, and the model was marketed as the Sehol X7. In Iran the X7 is sold under the KMC K7 name..
## Features 
The Sehol X7 offers two engine options: a 1.5-liter turbo engine producing 174 hp and a 2.0-liter turbo engine with 190 hp. Both engines are paired with a 6-speed dual-clutch transmission.
## References
Ameerega bilinguis

The **Ecuador poison frog** or **Ecuadorean poison frog** (*Ameerega bilinguis*) is a frog.  It lives in Peru, Colombia, and Ecuador.

## Body
The adult male frog is 16.5–20.2 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 18.6–22.7 mm long. The skin of the frog's back is black in color with red marks. The belly is light blue in color with black stripes. The sides of the body are black with a light blue stripe. There is more blue color towardthe rear end. The tops of the feet are dark gray in color. There are yellow marks near where the legs meet the body.  The iris of the eye is black in color. The sides of the head are black with some blue marks.

## Name
Scientists gave this frog the Latin name *bilinguis* because its call has two parts.

## Home
This frog lives on the ground in forests.  People see it on the dead leaves on the ground near streams in forest that has never been cut down and in forest that has been destroyed and is growing back.  They can live in places that flood for part of the year, but only during times when they are not flooded.  Scientists saw the frog between 125 and 800 meters above sea level.

Some of the places the frog lives are protected places: Parque Nacional Yasuni, Reserva Biólogica Limoncocha, and Reserva de Produccion Faunística.

## Young
The female frog lays eggs on dead leaves on the ground. She lays 4 to 16 eggs at a time. They are about 2 mm across. The male frog watches the eggs. The eggs take 18 to 22 days to open. After the eggs hatch, the male frog carries the tadpoles to pools of water or to streams that move slowly, where they swim and grow.

## Danger
Scientists say this frog is not in danger of dying out.  Humans change the places where the frog lives. People cut down forests to make farms and to get wood to build with.

## References
Artificial general intelligence

**Artificial general intelligence** (**AGI**) is when a computer can do many different kinds of tasks as well as a human, or even better. Currently some tasks can only be done by humans, who can use learning, thinking, and planning to take actions. AGI is when computers can handle many types of tasks, such as solving problems, understanding new information, or learning new skills, at a level similar to humans.

AGI is different from "narrow" Artificial Intelligence (narrow AI). Narrow AI is built to do a specific task well, like recognising a face, or playing a game of chess. AGI would be able to do many tasks that it wasn’t specifically programmed to do. 

Building on AGI is the idea of **Artificial superintelligence (ASI)**, where computers could be much smarter than humans.

People working at companies such as OpenAI and Meta are trying to develop computers that can solve general problems. They say that making AGI is an important goal.

## History 
In 2020, a study found 72 AGI research and development projects were being worked on in 37 countries.

People have different ideas about when computers could reach AGI skill levels. In 2023, some experts predicted AGI could be reached within decades, while others thought it might take over a century—or never happen at all.  Geoffrey Hinton, an expert in machine learning, is very worried about how fast progress is happening. He thinks AGI could be created much sooner than most people expect.

People have different ideas about the definition of AGI. Some researches claimed that computer systems that we have now (GPT-4) could be an early form of AGI.  

AGI is a common idea in science fiction stories and in studies about what the future might be like.

There is a debate about how dangerous AGI could be. Some think AGI could be very dangerous, while others think people are worrying too much or too soon. 

Many AI experts believe it is important to address the risk that AGI could cause humanity to no longer exist. They think it is important for people around the world to work together to address this risk. Others think that making computers that can reach AGI level will not happen soon and say it is not a risk to humans.

## References
JAC X8

The **Sehol X8** is a mid-size Crossover SUV made by the Chinese car company JAC Motors. Under the Sehol sub-brand It was first introduced as the JAC Jiayue X8 but was later rebranded as Sehol.

## History 
The Sehol X8 was first announced in May 2020 and was officially revealed at the Chengdu Auto Show in July 2020.   It became available for sale in China starting in October 2020.
## Markets 
The Sehol X8 is also sold in other countries under different names. In Russia, it is sold as the Moskvitch 8. In Mexico, it is sold as the JAC Sei 7 Pro, and in Italy, it is marketed as the EVO 7.
## Features 
The Sehol X8 has a 1.5-liter turbocharged four-cylinder engine that produces 135 kW (184 horsepower). It comes with a standard 6-speed manual transmission, with an optional 6-speed dual-clutch transmission.
## Sehol X8 Plus 
The Sehol X8 Plus is an updated version of the Sehol X8. It was launched in July 2022 and is slightly larger and more premium than the original X8. The main change is a redesign of the front and rear of the car, adding 10 mm to its total length.
## References
Grand Tour (disambiguation)

The **Grand Tour** was the name of travel through Europe by rich European (mostly British) young men between 1660 until about 1840.

**Grand Tour** may mean:

## Entertainment
### Music
* *Grand Tour* (Big Big Train album)
* *The Grand Tour* (album), 1974 album by George Jones
* *The Grand Tour*, a 1993 album by Aaron Neville
* "The Grand Tour" (song), title track from Jones' 1974 album
* *The Grand Tour* (musical), a 1979 Broadway musical
* *Grand Tour*, a 1959 musical with music by David Shire
* *Grand Tour: The Classic*, a 2013 Asian live concert tour of South Korean boyband Shinhwa
* *Grand Tour: The Return*, a 2012 Asian live concert tour of South Korean boyband Shinhwa

### Other entertainment
* Grand Tour (novel series) (1985–2017), series of science fiction novels by Ben Bova
* *Grand Tour: Disaster in Time*, a 1992 science fiction film (a.k.a. *Timescape*)
* *The Grand Tour*, a British motoring television series
* *The Grand Tour Game*, a 2019 video game

## Other uses
* Grand Tour (cycling), collective term given to three European cycling races
* Grand Tour (data visualisation), a technique used to explore multivariate statistical data
* Grand Tour (film), a 2024 film by Miguel Gomes
* Grand Tour program, NASA mission that visited the outer planets
* Corris Railway Grand Tour, tourist service in Wales between 1886 and 1930, connecting the Corris and Talyllyn Railways

## Related pages
* Grand tourer, a type of car
* 
* GT (disambiguation)
* Gran Turismo (disambiguation)
Jimmy Buffett's Margaritaville

'''Jimmy Buffett's Margaritaville''' is a United States–based hospitality company. It manages and franchises a casual dining American restaurant chain, retail stores selling Jimmy Buffett-themed merchandise, and hotels. It is named after Buffett's hit song "Margaritaville" and is owned by Margaritaville Holdings LLC. It was founded in 1985.
Hinduism in Afghanistan

*Hinduism in Afghanistan* is practiced by a small minority of Afghans, about 30-40 individuals as of 2021,who live mostly in the cities of Kabul and Jalalabad. Afghan Hindus are ethnically Pashtun, Hindkowan (Hindki), Punjabi, or Sindhi and primarily speak Dari, Pashto, Hindko, Punjabi, Sindhi, and Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu).

Before the Islamic conquest of Afghanistan, the Afghan people practised different . Religious persecution, discrimination, and forced conversion of Hindus in Afghanistan done by Muslims, has caused the Afghan Hindus, along with Buddhist and Sikh population, to reduce from Afghanistan.

## References
African-American Jews

**African-American Jews** are people who belong to two groups. They are African American, and they are Jewish. This status comes from mixed  (family history) or from  (the act of changing one's religion). African-American Jews may be Jewish from the time of their birth. Or, they may be converts (people who choose to join a new religion) to Judaism. Many African-American Jews have mixed family background. They have family members from the past who are African-American but not Jewish. They also have ancestors who are Jewish but not Black. Many African-American Jews describe themselves as Jews of color. However, some of them do not describe themselves this way. There are Black American Jews from Africa. One example is the Beta Israel group from the country of Ethiopia. These people may identify as African-American Jews. However, they may also choose not to use that name.
Mantis (Marvel Cinematic Universe)

character.]]
**Mantis** is a character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), portrayed by actress Pom Klementieff. Based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name, she first appears in *Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2*, which was released in 2017. Mantis is presented as a member of the Guardians of the Galaxy, and her character has a unique ability to sense and manipulate the emotions of others, which plays a significant role in various interactions throughout the film.

## Fictional character biography 
Mantis is introduced as a servant of Ego the Living Planet, who is actually a villain in the story. She eventually joins Star-Lord (Chris Pratt), Gamora (Zoe Saldaña), Drax (Dave Bautista) , Rocket (Bradley Cooper), and Groot (Vin Diesel) in their quest to confront Ego. Mantis' empathic abilities allow her to help the Guardians, particularly in handling Ego and the emotional turmoil surrounding the group.

Mantis has a distinct appearance, characterized by her green skin, antennae, and a unique fighting style that combines her combat proficiency with her empathetic powers. Following her debut in *Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2*, she also appears in *Avengers: Infinity War* (2018) and *Avengers: Endgame* (2019), where her powers contribute to the team's efforts against Thanos.

## Reception 
The character has been well-received by fans, thanks in part to Klementieff's performance, which brings a mix of humor, innocence, and strength to Mantis. In the upcoming projects, she is expected to continue her journey within the MCU, contributing to the overall narrative established by the Guardians and the larger universe.

## Appearances 
### Movie appearances 
### Television appearances
1948-49 Austrian football championship

The **1948-49 Austrian Football Championship** was organized by the Vienna Football Association and contested by its members. In Because the league was reformed the  Vienna League and  several state championships of the federal state associations served as a foundation for the league. FK Austria Wien became Austrian football champions for the 3rd time this season.
## Mode 
The nine teams that already played in the Vienna League last year were joined by the newly promoted team SC Rasenspieler Hochstädt. The team was immediately relegated. There was a first and second half of the season with nine games each.

## Final table
**Relegationː**
*SC Rasenspieler Hochstädt
**Promotionː**
*SK Slovan Wien (Wiener Liga)
*SV Gloggnitz (Lower Austria)
*SK Sturm Graz (Styria)
*SK Vorwärts Steyr (Upper Austria)
## Champions of the Federal States
***Burgenland**:  SC Oberwart 
***Carinthia**: SK Austria Klagenfurt
***Salzburg**: Union FC Salzburg
***Tyrol**: SK Kufstein
***Vorarlberg**: SC Austria Lustenau
With the introduction of the Staatsliga A the championship was gradually expanded to cover the entire federal territory. With the introduction of the Staatsliga B, the Tauernliga and the Arlbergliga from the 1950/51 season on  it was  really possible for every champion to qualify for the top Austrian league.

## Matches 
## References
Maria Alexandru

**Maria Alexandru** (née **Golopența**; 30 December 1939 – 27 November 2024) was a Romanian table tennis player. From 1957 to 1980 she won several medals in singles, doubles, and team events in the Table Tennis European Championships. Between 1953 and 1979, she played in 12 World Championships, winning three gold medals in the doubles competition. She was born in Plugova, Romania.

Alexandru died on 27 November 2024, at the age of 84.

## References
Thomas Hylland Eriksen

**Geir** **Thomas Hylland Eriksen** (6 February 1962 – 27 November 2024) was a Norwegian anthropologist. He was known for his writings on globalization, identity, ethnicity, and nationalism. He was Professor of Social Anthropology in the Department of Social Anthropology at the University of Oslo. He was the President of the European Association of Social Anthropologists from 2015 to 2016. He was also an editor of *Samtiden* and *Journal of Peace Research*. Hylland Eriksen was born in Oslo, Norway.

Hylland Eriksen died on 27 November 2024 in Oslo from pancreatic cancer, aged 62.

## References
## Other websites
*Overheating website
*CULCOM website
*Home page on UiO 
*Personal website
Birgitta Dahl

**Rut Birgitta Dahl** (20 September 1937 – 26 November 2024) was a Swedish politician. She was a member of the Social Democratic Party. Dahl was a Member of Parliament from 1969 to 2002. She was Minister for Energy from 1982 to 1990 and Minister for the Environment from 1986 to 1991. 

Dahl was the Speaker of the Parliament from 1994 to 2002. She was the chairman of the Swedish section of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) between 2005 and 2011.

Dahl died from heart failure on 26 November 2024 in Uppsala, Sweden at the age of 87.

## References
Speaker of the Riksdag

The **speaker of the Riksdag** is the presiding officer of the national unicameral legislature in Sweden.

Since 1975, the speaker, and no longer the monarch, appoints and fires the prime minister.

The current speaker is Andreas Norlén, who has held the gavel since September 2018.

## List (since 1971)
## References
Henry Allard

**Karl Åke Henry Allard** (21 November 1911 – 23 October 1996) was a Swedish Social Democrat politician. He was a member of the Riksdag from 1943 until 1979. 

## References
Ingemund Bengtsson

**Sten Bertil Ingemund Bengtsson** (30 January 1919 &ndash; 12 April 2000) was a Swedish Social democratic politician. He was the Speaker of the Riksdag from 1979 to 1988.

## References
Thage G. Peterson

**Thage Edvin Gerhard Peterson** (born 24 September 1933) is a Swedish Social Democrat politician. He was a member of parliament from 1971 to 1998. He was speaker from 1988 to 1991. He was known for being the minister of industry from 1982 to 1988 and as minister of defence from 1994 to 1997.

## References
Ingegerd Troedsson

**Ingegerd Troedsson** (5 June 1929 – 3 November 2012) was a Swedish Moderate Party politician. She was the first female Speaker of the Riksdag from 1991 to 1994. She was the deputy Minister for Social Affairs from 1976 to 1978.

## References
Andreas Norlén

**Per Olof Andreas Norlén** (; born 6 May 1973) is a Swedish politician. He is a member of the Moderate Party. He has been the Speaker of the Riksdag since September 2018. He has been a member of parliament (MP) for Östergötland County since October 2006. 

## References
Urban Ahlin

**Urban Christian Ahlin** (; born 13 November 1964) is a Swedish Social Democratic Party politician. He was Speaker of the Riksdag from September 2014 to September 2018. He was a Member of the Riksdag (MP) for the Västra Götaland County East constituency from 1994 to 2018. In 2023, he became the Ambassador of Sweden to the United States.

## References
## Other websites
*
Per Westerberg

**Per Erik Gunnar Westerberg** (; born 2 August 1951) is a Swedish politician. He was Speaker of the Riksdag from 2006 to 2014. He was a Member of the Riksdag from 1979 to 2014. He was Sweden's Minister for Industry and Trade from 1991 to 1994.

## References
## Other websites
*Per Westerberg on the Moderate Party website
*Per Westerberg on the Riksdag website
Björn von Sydow

**Björn Gustaf von Sydow** (born 26 November 1945) is a Swedish politician. He was the speaker of the Riksdag from 2002 to 2006. He is a member of the Swedish Social Democratic Party. He had been Minister of Defence in Göran Persson's government between 1997 and 2002.

## References
Asmodeus

**Asmodeus** (/ˌæzməˈdiːəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἀσμοδαῖος, *Asmodaios*) or **Ashmedai** (/ˈæʃmɪˌdaɪ/; Hebrew: אַשְמְדּאָי, romanized: *ʾAšmədāy*; Arabic: آشماداي; see below for other variations) is a prince of demons in the legends of Solomon and the constructing of Solomon's Temple.

## References
Illinois's 9th congressional district

The **9th congressional district of Illinois** covers parts of Cook, Lake, and McHenry counties as of the 2020 census. It covers many of Chicago's northern suburbs. Democrat Jan Schakowsky has represented the district since January 1999.

## References
BYD Destroyer 05

The **BYD Destroyer 05** is a hybrid compact sedan made by BYD. 

## Overview 
The Destroyer 05 was unveiled on Guangzhou Auto Show in November 2021, and launched on the Chinese market in March 2022. The 120 km (75 mi) pure electric range version of the Destroyer 05 supports 25 kW fast charging and charging from 30 percent to 80 percent takes 25 minutes. Destroyer 05 is powered by DM-i hybrid EHS system in two variants with two battery sizes. Both versions powered by 1,5 liter BYD476ZQA petrol engine producing 81 kW (109 hp), combined output is 177 or 194 hp.  

File:BYD Destroyer 05 007.jpg|Rear view

## References
Historical pharmacies in Stockholm

, Storken, Elgen, Korpen and Kronan.]]
'''Stockholm's historical pharmacies'* developed between the late 16th and early 20th centuries. These pharmacies not only provided medicine but also played a central role in public health and the city’s cultural history. Many of the original establishments have changed over time, with some becoming museums or modern pharmacies.

## Early pharmacies 
* *Apoteket Lejonet* (The Lion Pharmacy): Established in 1575 as Stockholm’s first public pharmacy, originally named "Slottsapotek." Its symbol was a reclining lion, and it provided medicine for royalty and citizens during significant health crises, like the plague.
* *Apoteket Morianen* (The Moor’s Pharmacy): Founded in 1670, this pharmacy operated at various locations, including Drottninggatan. It was known for its exotic emblem and connection to maritime medicine for Swedish ships.
* *Apoteket Markattan* (The Monkey Pharmacy): Established in the early 1600s, this pharmacy later became "Leoparden" (The Leopard), reflecting its long legacy and evolution.

## Role during plagues 
Several pharmacies, including *Apoteket Lejonet* and *Hvita Björnen* (White Bear Pharmacy), were designated as "plague pharmacies" during outbreaks. These provided specific medicines for pestilent diseases, although treatments were often ineffective. A notable remedy was the "Golden Egg," an expensive concoction made of herbal mixtures, though it had no real medicinal value.

## Pharmaceutical practices 
In the 17th century, pharmacies held exclusive rights to sell medicinal spices, oils, and even luxury items like wines. The *Pharmacopoeia Holmensis* listed hundreds of required substances, ranging from minerals to unusual animal products like lion’s heart and rhinoceros horn. Over time, regulations and modern medicine phased out such ingredients.

## Modernization and state control 
By the mid-20th century, Swedish pharmacies were nationalized under *Apoteksbolaget'', a government-owned company, to ensure public access to medicine. In 2009, the market was deregulated, allowing private companies to compete. Today, many historic pharmacy names survive, but the operations are modernized.

## References
The Lost Spider Pit Sequence

***The Lost Spider Pit Sequence*** is a lost movie from the *King Kong* franchise.

## Plot 
While trying to flee a rampaging *Brontosaurus*, the sailors of the *Venture* run through the jungle, and lose one of their men who tried to escape the beast by climbing a tree. He was menaced and eaten by the creature while the rest of the party escaped into the path of a *Styracosaurus*. It gave chase, and ate a slow crewman just as Carl Denham got his shirtsleeve caught in a bush. Meanwhile, Kong crossed a fallen log bridging a great chasm before resting Ann Darrow in a tree to stake out the cause of the commotion. 

As the sailors came to the bridge, Kong arrived as Jack Driscoll escaped by sheltering in a cave in the cliff face. The sailors tried to flee Kong, only to find the styracosaur blocking their path from the other end. With Jack watching in horror, Kong begins to shake the log, sending the sailors plummeting into the pit below before throwing the entire log in after them. At the pit's bottom, the surviving sailors are attacked by a giant quadrupedal *Erythrosuchus*, and they try to take refuge on top of the rock, where they are assaulted by the creature and a strange crab-like being. 

They try to defend themselves, as another sailor is rounded on by a huge spider, which prepares to devour him as a *Sphenacodon* scales the rock wall behind him. The last surviving member of the party backs into the shadows, where he is attacked by the horrifying octopus-insect. He tries to fight back with a knife, but is quickly overwhelmed. Up top, Kong realizes where Jack is hiding, and reaches his hand in to try and grab him. Jack stabs his hand, and this continues for a moment until the hissing sphenacodont climbs closer to Jack on a vine. Jack quickly cuts the vine and sends the monster tumbling back down as Kong reaches back in to restart his search for the man.

## References