open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Anneliese Knoop-Graf

Anneliese Knoop-Graf (January 30 1921-August 27 2009) was the youngest sister of Willi Graf, who was one of the main members of the White Rose resistance group. In his last letter to her he tasked her to “keep a good memory of me.” (“Behaltet mich in guter Errinerung”) After his death Anneliese worked tirelessly to keep Willi’s story (and the stories of the other White Rose members) alive.

## White Rose work and Legacy 
On February 18, 1943, Willi and Anneliese Graf were captured by the Gestapo. Both were accused of being members of the White Rose. Willi was a core member, but he had never told Anneliese about the activities of the White Rose. Anneliese was released soon afterward, but her brother was sentenced to death. In his last letter to Anneliese and his family, Willi asked them to, “Keep a good memory of me” and to “continue what we have started.”

After the war Anneliese honored her brothers last wishes, becoming a speaker about the White Rose.She helped write multiple publications about the White Rose, including helping Inge Jens and Walter Jens publish a book of Willi Graf’s letters and diary titled, “Willi Graf: Briefe und Aufzeichnungen.”

In 1987, Anneliese became the vice chairman of the White Rose foundation in Munich.

Anneliese Knoop-Graf died on August 27, 2009. She was 88 years old.
Muhammad Talab Hilal

**Muhammad Talab Hilal** (; ) was a Syrian politician, officer, and government official. He was a cabinet minister in the Ba'athist government of Yusuf Zuayyin and continued to be a cabinet minister in later governments. Before that, he was governor of Hama. Before that, Hilal was the chief of police in al-Hasakah. While he was a chief of police, Hilal wrote a book on Syria's Jazira region (part of Mesopotamia). This book was important for the Syrian government's plan for the "Arab Belt" programme in northern Syria.

Hilal completed his *National, Political, and Social Study of the Province of Jazira* on 13 November 1963. This book said that the Syrian government should begin the "Arab Belt" programme. Hilal wrote that the government should force Kurdish people who lived near the borders between Syria and Turkey and between Syria and Iraq to move. Then, the government could move Arab people into the area to take their lands. The government accepted Hilal's plan in 1965. When Hilal's *National, Political, and Social Study of the Province of Jazira* became public in 1968, the Syrian government claimed that these were only Hilal's ideas. The Arab Belt programme did not begin before 1973 because the government had not yet built the . In 1975, after the dam was complete, the government moved 4000 Arabs of the Walda tribe from the valley of the Euphrates into the "Arab Belt" area.

## References 
### Notes 
### References
Hazel W. Johnson-Brown

**Hazel W. Johnson-Brown** (October 10, 1927 – August 5, 2011) a member of the United States military. She was the 16th Chief of the United States Army Nurse Corps and the first African American woman to hold the title of Brigadier general. She served the military as a nurse from 1955 to 1983 when she retired.  

The title of Brigadier general and 16th Chief of Army Nurse Corps was awarded to Hazel W. Johnson-Brown in 1979.

## Early life 
She was born on October 10, 1927.  She was born and raised in Pennsylvania, United States. She is the daughter of Clarence L. Johnson Sr. and Gamett Henly Johnson. She had six siblings. It is said that she wanted to be a nurse from early childhood. 

## References
Degrees of freedom (statistics)

Degrees of freedom refers to the maximum number of logically independent values, which are values that have the freedom to vary, in the data sample.

## Understanding Degrees of Freedom 
The easiest way to understand degrees of freedom conceptually is through an example:

* Consider a data sample consisting of, for the sake of simplicity, five positive integers. The values could be any number with no known relationship between them. This data sample would, theoretically, have five degrees of freedom.
* Four of the numbers in the sample are {3, 8, 5, and 4} and the average of the entire data sample is revealed to be 6.
* This must mean that the fifth number has to be 10. It can be nothing else. It does not have the freedom to vary.
* So the degrees of freedom for this data sample is 4.

The formula for degrees of freedom equals the size of the data sample minus one:
Df=N−1
where:

Df=degrees of freedom

N=sample size

Degrees of freedom are commonly discussed in relation to various forms of hypothesis testing in statistics, such as a chi-square. It is essential to calculate degrees of freedom when trying to understand the importance of a chi-square statistic and the validity of the null hypothesis.

## Chi-Square Tests 
There are two different kinds of chi-square tests: the test of independence, which asks a question of relationship, such as, "Is there a relationship between gender and SAT scores?"; and the goodness-of-fit test, which asks something like "If a coin is tossed 100 times, will it come up heads 50 times and tails 50 times?"

For these tests, degrees of freedom are utilized to determine if a certain null hypothesis can be rejected based on the total number of variables and samples within the experiment. For example, when considering students and course choice, a sample size of 30 or 40 students is likely not large enough to generate significant data. Getting the same or similar results from a study using a sample size of 400 or 500 students is more valid.

## History 
The earliest and most basic concept of degrees of freedom was noted in the early 1800s, intertwined in the works of mathematician and astronomer Carl Friedrich Gauss. The modern usage and understanding of the term were expounded upon first by William Sealy Gosset, an English statistician, in his article "The Probable Error of a Mean," published in Biometrika in 1908 under a pen name to preserve his anonymity.1

In his writings, Gosset did not specifically use the term "degrees of freedom." He did, however, give an explanation for the concept throughout the course of developing what would eventually be known as Student’s T-distribution. The actual term was not made popular until 1922. English biologist and statistician Ronald Fisher began using the term "degrees of freedom" when he started publishing reports and data on his work developing chi-squares.
Dawn Staley

**Dawn Michelle Staley** (born May 4, 1970) is an American women's basketball coach and player.  She is a four-time Southeastern Conference (SEC) Coach of the Year winner and the 2020 Associated Press Coach of the Year. She was hired at University of South Carolina in the 2008-2009 season. In 2017 they won the national title. She has five SEC regular titles and six league tournament crowns.

## Education 
Staley went to high school at Dobbins Tech High school. She led them to 3 league championships. She won high school player of the year as a senior. She decided to go to University of Virginia because she could play immediately and for their reputation for developing point guards. She was one of six children the first person in her family to go to college.
## Career 
Staley was a basketball coach at Temple University. Her team at Temple won many games and got to play in the NCAA tournaments for eight years.

Staley came to coach at the University of South Carolina in the 2007-2008 season. The South Carolina women's basketball team was not very popular. Staley helped them win their first national championship in 2017. The team's really good season in 2020 was ended by the COVID-19 Pandemic.

In 2021, Staley signed a seven-year contract with the South Carolina Gamecocks. She earns a $1 million US base salary. She will also receive $1.9 million US every subsequent year which will grow by $100,000 every year. She can also get up to $680,000 in incentive bonuses. If Staley leaves without reason, she would pay the school 5 million. If the school fired her without reason, they would owe her 3 million dollars. Staley believes that the 22.4 million dollars will help equalize women's and men's pay in basketball. She is now the highest paid black women's basketball coach, and one of the highest paid basketball coaches. Staley also passed Louisiana State University coach Kim Mulkey making her the highest paid coach in the Southeastern Conference.

## References
Sayyida al-Hurra

**Sayyida al-Hurra** (Arabic: السيدة الحرة), real name **Lalla Aicha bint Ali ibn Rashid al-Alami**, Hakimat Titwan (Arabic: عائشة بنت علي بن رشيد العلمي) (1485 – 14 July 1561) was a pirate queen.  Her family was chased out of Granada to Morocco during the Spanish Reconquista. Al-Hurra terrorized Spanish and Portuguese ships. She was categorized as aggressive and bad-tempered. Al-Hurra became one of the richer pirates of her time. She still managed to maintain a consistent alliance with Red Beard. Her demise came after over 30 years of sailing.  Her son-in-law usurped her power and throne.  He also stole her wealth. She lived in her childhood home in Morocco until her death.  She died at age 75.  Sayyida Al-Hurra’s legacy lives on today. In European writing she is known as the fearsome Pirate Queen of the Mediterranean.

## References
Madison Hammond

**Madison Hammond** is an Indigenous American soccer player. Hammond made her debut on September 26, 2020. She aims to inspire and be a role model for young Native American girls. Her mother was in the military. She sees both positives and negatives from her achievement. She is happy that the league is starting to change and be more diverse. Hammond is also a little disappointed that it took till 2020 to have a Native American player.

## Career statistics 
### Club 
## References
Duke (album)

**Duke** is the tenth studio album by English progressive rock band Genesis. The album was released on March 24, 1980 through Atlantic Records and was their first album to got to number 1 in the United Kingdom.

## Track listing
## References
Bisa Butler

**Bisa Butler** (born Mailissa Yamba Butler in 1973) is an American artist. They look like paintings. The Smithsonian, the Art Institute of Chicago, The Museum of Fine Art, and many other museums have Butler’s quilts. The Wall Street Journal, Smithsonian Magazine, CBS,

## Early life 
Butler was born in 1973, to a Ghanan father and a mother from New Orleans. She studied painting. Butler rejected an invitation to exhibit her quilts in Switzerland. For the Expo Chicago she made a special quilt titled “Southside Sunday Morning”. Most of the quilts for that exhibit were based on photos from the 1930s and 1940s.

"Bisa Butler: Portraits" moved to the Art Institute of Chicago in February, 2021. Her exhibit was extended to last until September 6th, 2021.

#### Influences 
Butler admires the work of Romare Bearden, Gordon Parks, Faith Ringgold, Barbara Jones Hogu, and the AfriCOBRA movement. Their art inspires her art.

## Personal life 
Butler lives in New Jersey with her husband, John Butler. John Butler is a professional deejay. He helps Butler pick songs that go with her quilts. They have used songs from many musicians, including Tupac Shakur, Muddy Waters, Mahalia Jackson, and Jill Scott.

## References
Katy Pyle

**Katy Pyle** is an American ballet dancer. As a child, Pyle was told they were too strong to dance as a girl. They also never met a lesbian ballet dancer. Pyle wants more people to feel welcome in dance. They want to help people find happiness in dance. They created the dance company Ballez. Ballez is a place for people who are underrepresented in ballet. They are also the creator and choreographer of Sleeping Beauty and the Beast, and Giselle of Loneliness.

## Early life 
Pyle was a ballet student in 1990. They identify as a genderqueer lesbian. They use they/them pronouns. A Ballet teacher told them that they would have a better career if they were a boy. Because they wanted to dance in a way that was “more masculine.” Ballet is often divided by gender. Pyle felt a lack of representation. They felt confused about their identity.

## Career 
Pyle researched queer ballet dancers. Pyle was inspired by the people they learned about. Bronislava Nijinska was a ballet choreographer. Nijinska created the ballet Les Bitches. Pyle felt happy and mad. They were happy because there were people like them. They were sad because these people were made invisible.

## References
2020 AFC Solidarity Cup

The **2020 AFC Solidarity Cup** was planned to be the 2nd AFC Solidarity Cup, a football tournament organized by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC).

On 10 September 2020, AFC announced that the tournament would be cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In May 2019, it was rescheduled once more to March 2020.

Nepal were the previous champions.

## Qualified teams
The tournament would have had 8 teams. The teams that could qualify were:
*The six teams that lost the first round of the 2022 FIFA World Cup and 2023 AFC Asian Cup (same tournament) qualifiers.
*The two teams that lost the play-off round of the 2023 AFC Asian Cup qualifiers.

## References
## Other websites
*, the-AFC.com
Gertrude Joyce Cran Barry

**Gertrude Joyce Cran Barry** (1900-1964) was a Scottish lacrosse and field hockey player who lived in the United States. She was the founder of CRANBARRY Equipment Company. This was the United State’s first equipment company for women’s lacrosse. 

Barry came to the United States to teach at a field hockey camp in 1925. Barry figured out that field hockey was bad for posture due to the form of the arched back, and that lacrosse is good for posture because players are running upright. This further promoted more women to play lacrosse. She held this role for four years.  In 1934, a prediction was made by the leaders of New York Women’s Lacrosse Association that lacrosse would be more popular than field hockey. 

## References
A Walk in the Sun (1945 movie)

***A Walk in the Sun*** is a 1945 American World War II drama movie directed by Lewis Milestone and was based on the novel by Harry Brown. It stars Dana Andrews, John Ireland, Richard Conte, George Tyne, Lloyd Bridges, Norman Lloyd, Sterling Holloway, Herbert Rudley, Chris Drake, Richard Benedict and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

## References 
## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Cecilia Alvares

**Cecilia Concepcion Alvarez** is an American Latina artist. Jeorge Guillermo Alvarez and Cecilia Alejandra Diego de Alvarez are her parents. She studied sociology. She is part of The Guerrilla Girls art group.

### Message behind her art 
Alvarez expresses her life experiences through her art. Her art redefines femininity, beauty, and power. She aims to help youth understand the complex topics of our world. Alvarez celebrates her culture and femininity in her art.  Her artwork provokes visual conversations.

## References
Yun Suknam

**Yun Suk-nam** (born 1939) is a Korean woman feminist, painter and activist. She co-founded October Group (Simwolmoim) in 1985. The October Group is a feminist collective. She worked with other women artists from Korea.

## Career 
Yun was questioning her self-identity. Yun learned that being poor isn't something to be ashamed about. The subject of her first paintings was her mother. It was her mother’s determination and sacrifice that let them overcome poverty. Yun paints women fighters who fought for independence from Japanese occupation. She started using chaesaekwa in 2011, when she was around 70. She saw a self-portrait of a Joseon time period painter, Yun Duseo and was inspired. Jeong Jeonghwa was an independence activist who she painted. Yun depicted women who were not known, but did substantial actions. Yun focuses on the subject’s eyes. She makes them strong, fierce, and staring at the audience. She says this gives them life.

## References
Rebecca Meyers

**Rebecca Meyers** (born November 20, 1994) is a Paralympic swimmer. She is blind and deaf. Meyers swam in the Paralympics three times. She has also gotten many awards.

## Early life 
Meyers was born on November 20, 1994. She has Usher Syndrome.

Meyers started swimming in 2000. She was six when she started swimming.

Meyers went to Franklin & Marshall College. She studied world history.

## Events and awards 
Meyers' best swimming events are 50, 100, and 400&nbsp;meter freestyle. She also swims the 100&nbsp;meter Butterfly. Meyers also swims the 200&nbsp;meter IM (Intermediate Medley) and the 100&nbsp;meter breaststroke.

Meyers been to the Paralympics three times. She has gone to world championships in 2013, 2015, 2017, and 2019. She has 10 world championship medals. She has gotten 6 gold, 3 silver, and 3 bronze medals from the Paralympics.

Meyers got the Swimming Trischa L. Zorn award in 2016, 2018, and 2019. She received the ESPY award in 2015 and 2017. Meyers also got the USADSF award.

## References
Crystal Wahpepah

**Crystal Wahpepah** is an indigenous American chef. She was the first indigenous chef on the cooking program Chopped. Wahpepah has a Native American woman owned catering business. She opened her own restaurant with to reclaim Native American cuisine. She received the Indigenous Artist Activist Award. As a child, she cooked with her older relatives.

## Career 
Wahpepah loves cooking. She attended the Le Cordon Bleu cooking school. She studied French cooking. In 2010, she got a place at a program that helps women of color start food-related businesses.

She opened a catering business. Large companies like Google and Facebook have hired her to cook. Even though the San Francisco Bay Area had many kinds of chefs, there were no indigenous food restaurants. She traveled around the United States and learned more about Native farming and cooking. Eventually she opened her own restaurant.

## References
Neuf-Berquin

**Neuf-Berquin** (; from ) is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2018, 1,248 people lived in the commune.

## Other websites
* INSEE commune file
Phyllis Lose

**Margaret Phyllis Lose** (November 15, 1925-September 30, 2019) was the first woman equine (horse) vet in the United States. She opened many equine surgical hospitals, and was extremely successful in                                                                                                                                     her surgeries.

## Early life 
Phyllis Lose’s parents taught her to be tough, and always keep on moving forward in her life. They motivated her to work hard if she wants to make something happen. When she was younger, she once convinced her parents to let her keep a horse in their garage! Lose has always had a love of horses. She was the only woman who studied large animals. Lose was the first certified female equine veterinarian in the United States. 

## Career 
First Lose was a horse trainer.

When she graduated Lose opened the first woman-owned and woman-run horse veterinary clinic. Lose was the first woman to build an equine surgical hospital. She is also the first woman horse doctor in the United States. She was the third woman to have a horse trainer license in the United States as well. She developed many different methods and new types of medicines to help perform more successful surgeries on horses.

Lose opened two equine hospitals in Pennsylvania. Lose won some money off of her dog, when she entered him in a dog food contest. She closed her hospital, to pursue her dog, Oscar’s, movie career in Florida.

## Personal life 
In both her career, as well as her personal life. She never married. One of her dogs, Oscar, was a movie star at Universal Studios, Orlando, Florida. She died in 2019.
## References
Naves, Nord

**Naves** () is a commune in Nord in north France. In January 2020, 627 people lived there.
## References
## Other websites
* INSEE commune file
Nijinsky (movie)

***Nijinsky*** is a 1980 American biographical drama movie directed by Herbert Ross and starring Alan Bates, Leslie Browne, George de la Peña, Carla Fracci, Ronald Pickup, Ronald Lacey, Vernon Dobtcheff, Frederick Jaeger, Jeremy Irons, Siân Phillips. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures.

## Other websites
*
Hanger Lane

**Hanger Lane** is a major road in Ealing, London. Most of the road forms the most west part of the A406 North Circular Road. Hanger Lane runs north from the A4020 Uxbridge Road at Ealing Common to the A40 Western Avenue at the Hanger Lane gyratory. This busy junction has the Hanger Lane Underground station in the middle of it. That station serves the Central line. Hanger Lane continues north along the A4005 to Vicar's Bridge and the border with Alperton in the London Borough of Brent.

The road takes its name from Hanger Hill, which is also the name of the area around it. The name comes from the Old English word *hangra*, meaning a wooded slope.

## References
Sarah Thomas

**Sarah Thomas** ( **Bailey**; born September 21, 1973) is an American football referee for the National Football League (NFL). Thomas is the first woman to be a permanent NFL official. Thomas is breaking gender barriers around her career. Thomas was the first woman to officiate the Super Bowl. She refereed the Super Bowl in Tampa, Florida, in 2021.

## Early Life 
Sarah Thomas was raised in Pascagoula Mississippi. Thomas was recorded 5th best in the school for her excellence in basketball.   She went with her older brother to his officiating meeting. She started being an official for grade school, and then high schools in 1999.  Joe Henes recommended she start officiating college football.

She started working for the NFL in 2015.  

## Skills 
Thomas has good communication skills. She can talk to coaches. She listens to the coach when they are questioning the call. She calms them down. Coaches are confident about her abilities.

## References
Precious Brady-Davis

**Precious Brady-Davis** (born 1986/1987) is an American author and transgender climate activist. She is also a LGBTQ+ activist. She and Myles Brady-Davis, her transmasculine husband, had a baby girl in 2019. The baby's birth certificate listed the Brady-Davis' proper genders. 

## Early life 
Brady-Davis was in foster care when she was a toddler. This was because of her mother’s mental health issues. At age five she moved in with her grandparents. In fourth grade her peers started being homophobic to her. In middle school it got worse. In public high school she started to explore her identity. In her sophomore year Brady Davis moved into a foster home. In college she came out as gay. She went to college in Chicago. There she made a name for herself as a performance artist. Many LGBTQ+ teens looked up to her for her inspirational story of resilience.

## References
Spatalla confusa

**Spatalla confusa** is a flower-bearing shrub that belongs to the genus Spatalla and forms part of the fynbos. The plant is native to the Western Cape where it occurs in the Cederberg up to the Hottentots Holland Mountains, Swartberg and Kammanassie Mountains.

## References
Chiapas truck crash

On 9 December 2021, a traffic collision occurred in Chiapas, southern Mexico. A truck which contained about 180 migrants - most of whom were Guatemalans - was being driven to the United States. It crashed into a bridge, killing at least 54 of its occupants.

## References
Plectrohyla lacertosa

The **pop-eyed spikethumb frog** (*Plectrohyla lacertosa*) is a frog that lives in Mexico.  Scientists have only seen it in two places, both in the Sierra Madre mountains in Chiapas. They saw it 1000 to 2134 meters above sea level.
## References
Child's Play (1972 movie)

'''''Child's Play''''' is a 1972 American mystery drama movie directed by Sidney Lumet and was based on the 1970 play of the same name by Robert Marasco. It stars James Mason, Robert Preston, Beau Bridges, David Rounds, Kate Harrington, Tom Leopold, Christopher Man and Paul O'Keefe and was distributed by Paramount Pictures.

## Other websites
* 
*
Tornado outbreak of December 10–11, 2021

in Tennessee]]
The tornado outbreak of December 10 - 11, 2021 was a severe weather and tornado outbreak which's length spanned across December 10 and December 11. In the outbreak, there were 71 tornadoes involved, along with severe thunderstorms traveled across the U.S. states of Missouri, Arkansas, Kentucky, Illinois and Tennessee.

Across Kentucky, Missouri, Tennessee and Illinois, the tornado sequence  carved a path of 166 miles. It was the longest tornado since 1925 Tri-State tornado. The starting report on several tornadoes is that they were EF4. 

89 people were confirmed killed by the outbreak. The Governor of Kentucky (at that time) stated that more than 70 people might have been killed in the state alone.

## References
MegaRace 3

***MegaRace 3*** is a 2002 racing/vehicular combat video game Cryo Interactive made for Windows and the PlayStation 2. *MegaRace 3* is the third *MegaRace* game, after *MegaRace* and *MegaRace 2*, and the first one with full 3D graphics. Christian Erickson plays Lance Boyle, the host.

Microïds, Cryo Interactive's owner, released the game again on GOG.com on 2 June 2009.

## Reception
## References
## Other websites 
*  at Microïds (PC) (archived from the original) 
*
1953 Vicksburg tornado

A strong tornado struck Vicksburg, Mississippi and areas nearby during the evening of December 5, 1953. The storm ran through the city at right after 5:30 pm that Saturday evening. The event killed 38 people. It was then the fourth deadliest tornado in the history of the state. It also injured almost 270. Damage totaled $25 million at the time.

The tornado that went through Vicksburg was estimated officially as an F5. That rating, however, is questionable. That's because the property destroyed was frail and weak. Some people call this tornado likely an F4 instead of an F5.

## References
John Comyn III

**John Comyn III** (1274-1306) was a Scottish noble killed in 1306 by Robert the Bruce as Comyn was a rival for the throne.

## Murder 
On 10 February 1306 at Greyfriars in Dumfries, Scotland. Comyn was murdered by Robert the Bruce and Roger de Kirkpatrick, due to Comyn claiming the throne due to his claim that he is descended from a previous Scottish king, Donald III (r. 1093-1094, 1094-1097).

## References
Töpen

**Töpen** is a municipality  in Upper Franconia in Hof in Bavaria in Germany.

## References
## Other websites
Sparneck

**Sparneck** is a municipality in Upper Franconia in Hof in Bavaria in Germany.

## Geography 
The market town of Sparneck is at an average height of  in the Pfarrbach valley, which makes the larger part of the area. The Saxon Saale river flows through this valley in a north direction. Towards the east the  877 metre high Waldstein ridge rises, the source of the Saale is on its slopes. It forms the natural boundary with the neighbouring district of Wunsiedel.

## References
Arizona Bushwhackers

***Arizona Bushwhackers*** is a 1968 American western movie directed by Lesley Selander and starring Howard Keel, Yvonne De Carlo, John Ireland, Scott Brady, Marilyn Maxwell, Montie Montana. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures.

## Other websites
*
Round and Round the Garden

**Round and round the garden** is a nursery rhyme for infants and toddlers. Usualy it is accompanied by fingerplay, such as touching and tickling. 

## Rhyme
The version given by *The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes* is:

This rhyme is probably fairly recent. 

## Origins
The rhyme was first collected in Britain in the late 1940s. Since teddy bears were not common before  the twentieth century it is likely fairly recent in its current form.  Iona and Peter Opie suggest that it is probably a version of an older rhyme, "Round about there":

## References
Batticaloa (disambiguation)

**Batticaloa** may refer to:

* Batticaloa, a city in Eastern Province, Sri Lanka
* Batticaloa District, a district in Eastern Province, Sri Lanka
Trogen, Bavaria

**Trogen** is a municipality in Upper Franconia in Hof in Bavaria in Germany.

## Geography
Trogen is in between hills in a valley.
The Town is about six kilometers northeast of the county seat Hof (Saale) on the Bundesautobahn 72 (junction 3 Hof / Töpen), and  Bundesautobahn 93 (junction 2 Hof-East) and the federal highway B173. 
The community is in the Bavarian part of Vogtland. It is part of the district of Hof and thus also of the administrative region of Upper Franconia (*Oberfranken*). 
The neighboring village Feilitzsch is only a few hundred meters away from Trogen.

## References
Plectrohyla teuchestes

The **Alta Verapaz spikethumb frog** (*Plectrohyla teuchestes*) is a frog that lives in Guatemala.  Scientists have only seen it in one place.  It was in the Sierra de Xucaneb in eastern Guatemala at 1000 meters above sea level.
## References
Cinderella effect

**Cinderella effect** is the name for a phenomenon found in psychology: Child abuse and mistreatment is more common in families with stepparents. 

It is named after the fairy tale Cinderella, where a girl gets mistreated by her stepsisters and stepmother. Psychologists think this shows a bias towards kin. A person has fewer incentives to invest in a child that is not his or her direct offspring. 

P.D. Scott first used the term Cinderella effect, in a study he did in 1973: He studied 29 cases of babies who were  beaten to death in anger; he found that in 15 cases, the baby's stepfather was the killer.

## References
## Books 
*
Best Gore

**Best Gore** (abbreviated **BG**) was a Canadian shock site active from 2008 to 2020 and owned by Mark Marek, which provided highly violent real-life news, photos and videos, with authored opinion and user comments. The site received media attention in 2012, following the hosting of a video depicting the murder of Jun Lin. As a result, Marek was arrested and charged under Canada's obscenity law with corrupting public morals.

## References
Holy Family (Amisani)

***Holy family*** (also known as ***Sacra famiglia***) is a 20th-century painted in oil by the Italian painter Giuseppe Amisani. He painted it in 1910. It is part of the collection at the beginning of the Carrara Academy and then acquired of the Museum of Galleria d'arte moderna e contemporanea (Bergamo) in Bergamo, Italy.

## Related pages 
* Giuseppe Amisani

## References 
## Other websites 
* Sacra famiglia, Giuseppe Amisani, Beni culturali, inv.n. 0302024712
* Sacra famiglia, Giuseppe Amisani, Beni culturali
Raphael Hofer

**Raphael Hofer** (born 14 February 2003) is an Austrian professional footballer. He plays as a forward for Liefering. He also played for the U19 of FC Salzburg in the UEFA Youth League 2021-22.
## Career
He started his career with SV Mauerkirchen and then with SV Ried. In 2016 he went on to FC Red Bull Salzburg. He played for the Red Bull Academy in all three stages. In 2021 he went on to FC Liefering. He played his first match for Liefering in July 2021 where got subbed on for Forson Amankwah in the 89th minute. For the 2023/24 season he was loaned to FC Blau-Weiß Linz.

## References
Clara Cannucciari

**Cologira** "**Clara**" **Cannucciari** (née **Bonfanti**; August 18, 1915 – November 29, 2013) was an American YouTuber. She hosted the web series *Great Depression Cooking with Clara* and wrote the book ''Clara's Kitchen''.

## Early life
Clara Cannucciari was born in Melrose Park, Illinois on August 18, 1915. Her parents, Giuseppe and Giuseppina Bonfanti, had recently moved from Sicily. The family was very poor during the Great Depression. Because of this, her mother helped the family save money.

## Career
From 2007 to 2011, she made her mother's meals for the web series Great Depression Cooking with Clara. Her grandson Christopher made the series. The last episode, Tomato Sauce, was posted on December 24, 2011. Unreleased episodes have been shared over time. On March 25, 2020, Christopher announced he would start posting more videos of her onto their YouTube channel.

## Death
Clara Cannucciari died on November 29, 2013, when she was 98 years old. Her daughter-in-law, four grandchildren and three great-grandchildren were still alive.

Her son, Carl, died in 1992, when he was 42 years old.

## References
## Other websites
*Great Depression Cooking with Clara's official website
*
*
*Christopher Cannucciari's official website
Acrolite

The **Acrolite** is a series of Canadian amateur-build aircraft. preduced by Acrolite aircraft. Its first flight was in October of 1986.

## Variants 
; Acrolite 1A
: Single-seat biplane for the Canadian basic ultralight category, first flown in October 1986. Plans no longer available. The prototype was originally powered by a 38 hp (28 kW) Kawasaki 440 and later by a 40 hp (30 kW) Rotax 447 two-strokes powerplant.
; Acrolite 1B
: Single-seat biplane for sportsman aerobatics. In addition to the standard wooden wing, optional 2024-T3 aluminium sheet wings can be built. The recommended engine is the 80 hp (60 kW) Rotax 912UL, although the 64 hp (48 kW) Rotax 582or the 120 hp (89 kW) Rotax 618 two-strokes can be used as well.
; Acrolite 1C
: Single-seat biplane for sportsman aerobatics, with performance improvements over the 1B. Engines include 64 hp (48 kW) Rotax 582, 74 hp (55 kW), Hirth F30 120 hp (89 kW) Rotax 618 two-strokes and the 80 hp (60 kW) Rotax 912UL, the 100 hp (75 kW) Rotax 912ULS four-stroke powerplant.
; Acrolite 1M
: Single-seat high-wing, strut-braced monoplane. Engines include 40 hp (30 kW) Rotax 447, 50 hp (37 kW) Rotax 503 and the 64 hp (48 kW) Rotax 582 two-strokes or other similar powerplants. Acrolight Aircraft reports that no prototype has been completed or flown by September 2012.
; Acrolite 1T
: Single-seat triplane for sportsman aerobatics, with wings covered with epoxy fiberglass sheet or optionally plywood. Ailerons are only fitted to the middle wing. Engines include 40 hp (30 kW) Rotax 447, 50 hp (37 kW) Rotax 503 and the 64 hp (48 kW) Rotax 582 two-stroke powerplants.
; Acrolite 2M
: Two seats in tandem, high-wing strut-braced monoplane intended for the Canadian advanced ultralight category and American light-sport aircraft category, first flown in June 1994. Engines include 64 hp (48 kW) Rotax 582, 74 hp (55 kW) Rotax 618 two-strokes and the 80 hp (60 kW) Rotax 912UL and 85 hp (63 kW) Jabiru 2200 four-stroke powerplants. As of August 2012, the design does not appear on the Federal Aviation Administration's list of approved special light-sport aircraft or on Transport Canada's list of advanced ultralights.
City block

]]
 in Barcelona : An example of a district that is predominantly characterized by closed blocks of houses]]
A **city block** is a block of houses, in a built up area. Usually, it is delimited by roads, pathways, or by geographical features, such as a railway line or a river. It consists of several land lots which are directly next to each other, and usually privately owned. 
, the different land lots are clearly visible. ]]
A city block is a typical form of inner-city design. Commonly, multi-storey apartment buildings, semi-detatched houses, office blocks, or mixed-use houses make up the elements of a city block. As all the houses touch each other, this is known as a closed form.

In the suburbs, there is more space, and the buildings don't usually touch each other. This is known as an open form.

In Europe, cities have grown over centuries, and their layout is different from that of a planned city. As a result, the city block in a planned city also looks different.

## Origin 
The design of city blocks started with the emergence of cities, in the Middle Ages. Medieval Hanseatic cities already used city blocks. The design can also be found in baroque inner cities, such as the Dutch Quarter in Potsdam. It is typical of absolutist urban development and the tenement districts of major German cities that were built after 1870 during the Wilhelminian era. In response to the housing shortage of the 1920s, housing associations built apartment blocks with large courtyards and small apartments. At the same time, however, city planners were also looking for alternatives to the perimeter block development that was common at the time. What they did was build blocks perpendicular to the road; they would then build footpaths as access. This has the benefit that all apartments get the same amount of sunshine. It has the drawback, that larger arrangements look monontonus.This kind of city planning was widespread during the reconstruction of Germany after the Second World War, in the 1950s and 1960s. Another benefit of this model is that neighborhoods have a better airflow.

During the Middle Ages, city blocks were often simply chaining buildings, in an unplanned way.

Even in antiquity , there were planned cities. Examples of this are the city of Miletus, or the model of a Roman city, which both used a regular grid layout. During the Baroque era, citty planning was common: Cities were planned with big geometric layouts, later they were divided into different land lots, before being built.

City blocks are also used for collecting statistical data on the population structure . When visualizing 3D city models, people oftenuse  simplified solid bodies that are supposed to correspond to *the real building blocks.*
David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay

**David Stewart** (1378-1402) was a Scottish politician who made himself unpopular in the late 1390s, and was imprisoned in Falkland Palace in early 1402 and died that year under mysterious circumstances.
Aubigny-au-Bac

**Aubigny-au-Bac** () is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2018, 1,172 people lived there.

## References
## Other websites
* INSEE commune file
Amy Chu

**Amy Chu** is a Chinese American comic writer. She started comic writing at 45 after a surprising career path. She got a degree in Architecture. Years later, she took a course in creative/comic writing.

## Career 
Chu did graphic design jobs in college. Later, she took on consulting jobs. She even had a job in Hong Kong. In Hong Kong she worked at the Macau tourism office. Pansy Ho was her boss. Chu went back to America to go to business school. She then was a real consultant.  She worked for biotech companies. Chu reunited with Georgia Lee. Lee was an old friend of Chu. She also graduated from Harvard. Lee made films. She also wrote scripts for television. Lee asked for Chu’s help. She wanted to start a company. Lee wanted to encourage girls to be interested in comics. Comics are often just for boys. The company would change that. Chu agreed.  They co-founded Alpha Girls Comics together.  Chu decided to take a class in comic writing.  She was the only female taking the class. It did not feel like she was welcome. But, people loved the stories she wrote. Soon Chu became a professional comic book writer. She went on to work for big name companies like DC and Marvel.

## References
Maude Abbott

**Maude Elizabeth Seymour Abbott** (March 18, 1869-1940) was a Canadian pediatrician and cardiologist.  Abbott was one of the first experts in congenital heart disease. She recorded it in her Atlas of Congenital Heart Disease.  Her work made it possible for medical researchers to start treating heart disease in the later Twentieth century. This book helped medical scientists understand congenital cardiac problems. It led to treatments for these problems in the second half of the Twentieth century. Abbott was planning a textbook to add to the *Atlas*. She died before she could write it.

The museum was important for other reasons. Students started coming to look at the collection and learn from Abbott. They found it so useful that they praised her work to the medical school. The school started sending classes to visit, and soon all students were required to go to the museum one day a week for lessons with Abbott.

In 1906, Abbott helped found the International Association of Medical Museums. It still exists today. It is called the International Academy of Pathology.

Starting in 1919, Abbott was the editor of the Canadian Medical Association Journal*.* 

She still wanted to be on the faculty of the McGill Medical School. They finally allowed her to become faculty in 1936, and then forced her to retire the same year. She traveled to give lectures. She also wrote many medical histories.

Others appreciated Abbott, however. She was named a fellow at the New York Academy of Medicine. She was widely acknowledged as the world's top expert on congenital heart disease. 

## References
The Model of Villa Cedri (Amisani)

***The Model of Villa Cedri*** (also known as ***La Modella di Villa Cedri***) is a 20th-century painted in oil by the italian painter Giuseppe Amisani. He painted it in 1920. It is part of the collection of the Museum of Civic Museum of Villa Cedri in Bellinzona, Swiss.

## Related pages 
* Giuseppe Amisani

## References 
## Other websites 
* Giuseppe Amisani, La Modella, Museo Civico di Villa Cedri, Swiss
Whetu Tirikatene-Sullivan

**Tini "Whetu" Marama Tirikatene-Sullivan** was a New Zealand politician. She was the longest serving MP in New Zealand's Parliament. She worked as secretary and research officer for the Labour Party's Maori Advisory Council and Maori Policy Committee for 10 years, accompanying her father to various official tribal hui events. 

In 1949, Tirikatene-Sullivan began working as a stenographer (a person trained to type or write in shorthand words) at the Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) Headquarters in Wellington. Shortly after, in 1951, the RNZAF Headquarters assigned her to be the secretary to the assistant director of a planned royal tour. Tirikatene-Sullivan traveled as a member of New Zealand's official party during Queen Elizabeth II's royal tour of the country in 1953 and 1954.

Tirikatene-Sullivan was employed as a Maori welfare officer by the Department of Māori Affairs in 1958. She eventually also served as a child welfare officer in Rotorua and as a social security welfare officer in Lower Hutt and Wellington. She continued to volunteer for the Maori MPs as she had done, and studied part-time at Victoria University College. Tirikatene-Sullivan was named the Women’s Vice-President on the Executive of the Victoria University Students’ Association and the inaugural president of the Federation of Māori University Students in 1959. During her time in those positions, she advocated for the teaching of Maori studies in New Zealand universities. 

Tirikatene-Sullivan's studies ended abruptly in 1967 when her father died.

## Personal life 
She had a husband named Denis Sullivan who was a nuclear physicist.  They both had three children named May-Ana (born in 1970), Lisa Marie (born in 1972), and Tirikatene (1974). Tirikatene-Sullivan’s second child, Lisa Marie, died three months after she was born. Tirikatene-Sullivan gave birth while holding her position in office and believed strongly in combining her career with good parenting.

## References
Janaki Ammal

**Janaki Ammal** was the first Indian female botanist.  She was the first to receive her masters in science. Ammal was also known as the sugar cane queen. She was born in Thalassery, Kerala in India. She was the tenth person in her family.  She had 19 brothers and 19 sisters.  Her father was a judge.  He also took care of the garden.  This sparked Ammal’s love for botany. 

## Early Career 
Ammal taught for three years at a Women’s Christian College.  Then she was invited to the University of Michigan.  She joined the botany division.  She was an immigrant.  She was held at Ellis Island.  She earned her masters in science.  6 years later she received her doctorate.  Ammal was the first woman to ever receive her doctorate degree in botany in the US. 

## Research 
Ammal worked at the Sugar Cane Breeding Institute.  Ammal helped the institute to create and support sweeter sugar cane.  This was significant because they no longer had to rely on imports from other countries.  Ammal moved to Norfolk, England.  She worked at the John Innes Institute.  She and C.D. Darlington co-authored Chromosome Atlas of Cultivated Plants.  Ammal was recommended to work at the Royal Horticulture Society.  She became a paid cytologist.  She worked on a medication that doubles a plant’s chromosomes.  This makes the plant grow quicker and larger.  One shrub was named after her.  The shrub was called *Magnolia Kobus Janaki Ammal*.  

## Return to India 
Ammal returned to India. She did so at the request of the prime minister.  She worked on improving India’s agriculture and preserving indigenous plants. 

## Late Career 
She focused on helping Save Silent Valley. Ammal’s efforts were successful. The forest was no longer going to be flooded. Ammal died months earlier. She died at the age of 87.  

## References
Greek Australians

**Greek Australians** () are Australians of Greek heritage or Australians born in Greece. They make up at least 1.8% of Australia's population. The cities in Australia with the most Greeks are Melbourne and Sydney.

## Related pages
*Greek New Zealanders
Helen Rodríguez Trías

**Helen Rodríguez Trías** was a Puerto Rican pediatrician and women's rights activist. She moved to New York at age ten. In 2019, First Lady Chirlane McCray announced that New York City would erect a statue honoring Dr. Rodríguez Trías in St. Mary’s Park, adjacent to Lincoln Hospital in the Bronx. 

## References
Sherri L. Smith

**Sherri L. Smith** is an American novelist with many awards. She is also a comic book illustrator. She spent most of her life in Staten Island after her parents got divorced. She moved from coast to coast. She worked on Tim Burton’s ‘Mars Attacks!’ She had a three year contract with Disney.

### Construction 
Smith she moved to Los Angeles. She began to work in a construction company, constructing monsters, aliens, and dead people for movies.

### Comics 
In Los Angeles, Smith started to work more on her comics. She got a job at Bongo Comics. Then, she started to pursue her dream of writing a novel.

### Writing 
She is known for writing novels about teenage misfits. Her writing is intricate. Smith has written many novels, including *Lucy the Giant*, *Flygirl*, *Orleans*, *The Blossom and the Firefly, Pasadena, Sparrow*, and *Hot, Sour, Salty, Sweet*.

## Awards 
Smith's novels have won a variety of awards. *Flygirl* was considered by the Washington Post as the best book of 2012.  New York Public Library Book for the Teen Age, YALSA Best Book for Young Adults, American Library Association, and many other organizations have given Smith awards for her books.

## Books 
* *Lucy the Giant*
* *Sparrow*
* *Hot, Sour, Salty, Sweet*
* *Flygirl*
* *Orleans*
* *The Toymaker’s Apprentice*
* *Pasadena*
* *Who Were the Tuskegee Airmen?*
* *The Blossom and the Firefly*

## References
Avesnelles

**Avesnelles** () is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2018, 2,433 people lived there.

## References
## Other websites
*INSEE commune file
Taylor K. Shaw

**Taylor K. Shaw** is the founder and CEO of Black Women Animate. She was recognized as one of Forbes magazine's "30 Under 30." It took her months of hiring to find animators. They have an animation boot camp. BWA will most likely extend their boot camp.  

## References
Anette Hosoi

**Anette E. "Peko" Hosoi** is an American engineer. Hosoi is a sports engineer.

## Career 
Hosoi has so many passions to pursue. Her research contributions contain fluid dynamics, biomechanics and bio-inspired design. In 2002 Hosoi joined the Mechanical Engineering program at MIT as an assistant professor as well as a mathematics professor.

### Mathematics 
Hosoi has always found mathematics to be extraordinary. She started out as one of the first women professors of mathematics at Harvey Mudd College and eventually became a mathematics professor at MIT.

## References