open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Coat of arms of Portugal

The **coat of arms of Portugal** is seen on the Portuguese flag, it contains a silver field with five shields in a blue cross each charged with five plates in saltire, all within a red bordure charged with seven golden triple-towered castles. After the shield, an armillary sphere between two golden olive branches embowed, bound together in base by a ribbon green and red.

This is a description using terms from heraldry-the art of designing coats of arms. In ordinary English, it would say-in the middle, a white shield shape. In this shield, arranged in the shape of a cross, are five small blue shields, each with five white dots. This is surrounded by a red border. Spaced around the border are seven little castles each with three turrets/towers. Behind this is a yellow circle with rings wrapped around it. This represents a model of objects in the sky, showing their paths around the sun or earth. This is framed with a yellow olive branch each side, tied together at the bottom by a ribbon which is half red and half green.
Caruthersville, Missouri

**Caruthersville** is a city in and the county seat of Pemiscot County, Missouri, United States. It is located along the Mississippi River. The population was 5,562, according to the 2020 Census.

## References
Cavalier County, North Dakota

**Cavalier County** is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, 3,704 people lived there. The county seat is Langdon.

## References
Reggie Young

**Reggie Young** (December 12, 1936 – January 17, 2019) was an American guitarist. He was lead guitarist in the American Sound Studio house band, The Memphis Boys and was a leading session musician.

He played on various recordings with artists such as Elvis Presley, Merrilee Rush, B.J. Thomas, John Prine, Dusty Springfield, Herbie Mann, J.J. Cale, Dionne Warwick, Roy Hamilton, Willie Nelson, Waylon Jennings, the Box Tops, Johnny Cash, Jerry Lee Lewis, Merle Haggard, Joey Tempest, George Strait, and The Highwaymen.

Young died on January 17, 2019 at his home in Nashville, Tennessee, aged 82.

## References
John Coughlin

**John Coughlin** (December 1, 1985 – January 18, 2019) was an American pair skater. He was born in Kansas City, Missouri. He was known for his partnership with Caydee Denney. He was the 2012 Four Continents silver medalist and 2012 U.S. national champion. He was the 2011 U.S. champion.

Coughlin killed himself, aged 33, in Kansas City on January 18, 2019 after being suspended from skating following multiple sexual harassment accusations.

## References
Okinawa habu

**Okinawa habu** may refer to:

* *Protobothrops elegans* or *Trimeresurus elegans*, a.k.a. the elegant pitviper or Sakishima habu, a venomous snake found in the southern Ryukyu Islands of Japan.
* *Protobothrops flavoviridis* or *Trimeresurus flavoviridis*, a.k.a. Habu or Hon habu, a venomous pitviper found in the Ryukyu Islands of Japan
* *Ovophis okinavensis*, a.k.a. the himehabu, a venomous pitviper found in the Ryukyu Islands of Japan
Andrew G. Vajna

**Andrew G. Vajna** (born **András György Vajna**; August 1, 1944 – January 20, 2019) was a Hungarian-American movie producer. He was born in Budapest. Vajna studied at the University of California, Los Angeles. He was known for his works in *Nixon*, *Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines* and *Medicine Man*.

Vajna died at his home in Budapest following a long illness on January 20, 2019, aged 74.

## References
## Other websites
*
Cees Haast

**Cees Haast** (19 November 1938 – 18 January 2019) was a Dutch cyclist. He was born in Rijsbergen, Netherlands. He participated with Télévizier, Bic and Willem II.

Haast died of lung cancer in Rucphen, Netherlands on 18 January 2019, aged 80.

## Tour de France
*1964: 39th
*1965: DNF
*1966: 36th
*1967: 14th
*1969: 63rd

## References
Ivan Vutsov

**Ivan Kolev Vutsov** (; 14 December 1939 – 18 January 2019) was a Bulgarian football player and coach. He played for and later managed the Bulgarian national team. He played in three matches at the 1966 FIFA World Cup and for Levski Sofia.

## References
## Other websites
* Profile at LevskiSofia.info
Aloe vera

(MHNT)]]

***Aloe vera*** ( or ) is a species of succulent plant in the genus *Aloe*. It is originally from the Arabian Peninsula but it grows wild in tropical climates around the world. It is a popular houseplant species.

*Aloe vera* is used in many consumer products. These include drinks, skin lotion, cosmetics, and ointments for small burns and sunburns.  There is little scientific evidence that *Aloe vera* works for treating burns or sunburns or that it is safe for treating them. 
## Gallery 

File:Aloe Vera Buds.jpg|*Aloe vera* buds
File:Aloe Vera flower.jpg|*Aloe vera* flower
File:Aloe vera gel.jpg|*Aloe vera* gel used for desserts
File:Es Lidah Buaya.JPG|Es lidah buaya, an Indonesian *Aloe vera* iced drink
File:Gelaloevera.JPG|Gelaloevera, a type of *Aloe vera* juice

## References
## Other websites 
*
Pedro Manfredini

**Pedro Waldemar Manfredini** (7 September 1935 – 21 January 2019) was an Argentine professional footballer. He was capped three times by Argentina in 1959.

Manfredini died on 21 January 2019 in Buenos Aires, aged 83.

## References
## Other websites
*
*BDFA profile
Kamala Harris 2020 presidential campaign

The **2020 presidential campaign** of Kamala Harris, the junior U.S. senator from California, announced her candidacy on January 21, 2019. Harris has been discussed throughout 2018 and 2019 as a potential top contender for the 2020 Democratic nomination for president.

Harris was the fifth office-holding Democrat to formally announce a campaign in the 2020 U.S. presidential election, joining former Congressman John Delaney, former West Virginia State Sen. Richard Ojeda, Congresswoman Tulsi Gabbard, and former U.S. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Julian Castro.

If elected, Harris would have become the first female and Asian American to ever become president of the United States. Harris was the third black woman to seek the Democratic nomination for president, the first two being Shirley Chisholm and Carol Moseley Braun.

Her campaign headquarters were in Baltimore, Maryland, with a second office in Oakland, California.

Harris ended her campaign on December 3, 2019 after falling low in poll numbers and campaign money raised.

## References
Shalom Cohen

**Shalom Cohen** (27 October 1931 At the time of his death, he was the party's oldest member.

Cohen died on 22 August 2022 in Jerusalem at the age of 91.

## References
Tony Mendez

**Antonio Joseph Mendez** (November 15, 1940 – January 19, 2019) was an American technical operations officer for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). He worked in support of covert CIA operations. He wrote three memoirs about his CIA experiences.

Mendez was known for his on-the-scene management of the "Canadian Caper" during the Iran hostage crisis. He helped rescue six American diplomats from Iran in January 1980 by arranging to have them pose as a Canadian movie crew. As part of their cover, the diplomats carried passports issued by the Canadian government to document them as Canadian citizens. This was loosely made into the 2012 Academy Award-winning movie *Argo*.

In 2009, Mendez was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. He died on January 19, 2019 from complications of the disease in Frederick, Maryland, aged 78.

## References
Dick Tomey

**Richard Hastings Tomey** (June 20, 1938 – May 10, 2019) was an American football player and coach. Tomey was the head football coach at the University of Hawaii (1977–1986), University of Arizona (1987–2000) and San Jose State University (2005–2009). He was born in Bloomington, Indiana. He played for DePauw University from 1957 to 1960. He was born in Bloomington, Indiana.

Tomey was diagnosed with lung cancer in January 2019. He died on May 10, 2019, at the age of 80.

## References
Negroid

**Negroid** (less commonly called **Capoid**) was a word for a person from Sub-Saharan Africa. The group of these persons was called "Negroid race". In times long passed, many people divided human beings into three races. These races were called *Negroid*, *Mongoloid*, and *Caucasoid*. Today, some scientists suggest that there is only one human race. Modern genetic research has shown that the idea of three races was wrong.

Features such as a wider nose, curly hair, and dark skin were seen as typical for the Negroid race.

## References
Ted McKenna

**Edward McKenna** (10 March 1950 – 19 January 2019), was a Scottish drummer. He played with bands including The Sensational Alex Harvey Band, Rory Gallagher, and the Michael Schenker Group.

He toured with Ian Gillan for a short time in 1990, alongside fellow former SAHB member, bassist Chris Glen. He lectured in Applied Arts at North Glasgow College from 1996 to 2011.

McKenna died of a cerebral hemorrhage on 19 January 2019 at the age of 68.

## References
Red Sullivan

**George James "Red" Sullivan** (December 24, 1929 – January 19, 2019) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He played in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1949 to 1961. He was born in Peterborough, Ontario. Sullivan played for Boston Bruins, Chicago Black Hawks and New York Rangers.

He also coached the Pittsburgh Penguins.

Sullivan died on January 19, 2019 in Peterborough from Alzheimer's disease at the age of 89.

## References
## Other websites
*
Fear of needles

with detached needle]]
**Fear of needles** (medically known as **Belomophobia**) is a term used to describe a large fear (phobia) of medical procedures involving needles. In medical litererature it is usually called **needle phobia.** Other terms used include aichmephobia and belanophobia, but these can also refer to a more general fear of sharply pointed objects. The condition was recognised as a phobia in 1994. It is estimated that at least 10% of American adults have a fear of needles, and it is likely that the actual number is larger, as the most severe cases are never documented due to the tendency of the sufferer to avoid all medical treatment.

## References
Mario Bertoncini

'' magazine, 1975.]]
**Mario Bertoncini** (September 27, 1932 – January 19, 2019) was an Italian composer, pianist, and music educator. He was born in Rome. In 1962 he was awarded the Nicola d'Atri Prize by the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia for his *Sei Pezzi per orchestra*  and in 1965 he was awarded both the Gaudeamus International Composers Award and the Fondation européenne de la Culture prize for *Quodlibet*.

He performed as a concert pianist with symphony orchestras throughout Europe and North America and in Israel and Korea.

Bertoncini died on January 19, 2019 in Siena, Italy from liver cancer, aged 86.

## References
## Other websites
*Official Website of Mario Bertoncini
Henry Sy

**Henry Tan Chi Sieng Sy Sr.** (; October 15, 1924 – January 19, 2019) was a Chinese-Filipino businessman and philanthropist. He was known as the "father of modern Philippine retail". He developed ShoeMart into SM Investments, one of the largest malls in the Philippines. He also founded BDO Unibank and real estate.

## References
St. Uriel's Episcopal Church

'''St. Uriel's Episcopal Church**, also known as **Church of St. Uriel the Archangel**, or simply **St. Uriel's''', is an Episcopal church located in Sea Girt, Monmouth, New Jersey. The church adheres to the catholic and orthodox traditions of Anglicanism, that is, a follower of Anglo-Catholicism, which is similar to the High Church.

It is one of three churches in the United States dedicated to Saint Uriel the Archangel, the other two being Archangel St. Uriel Eritrean Orthodox Tewahdo Church in Elmwood Place, Ohio, and Uriel Presbyterian Church in Chester, South Carolina.

The parish banner was made by the Sisters of Bethany and dedicated at the church in 1958. Until that year, the church was the only Anglican temple dedicated to the Archangel Uriel.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Kingstree, South Carolina

**Kingstree** is a town and the county seat of Williamsburg County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 3,244 at the 2020 census.

## References
Berwick, Nova Scotia

**Berwick** is a Canadian town in Kings County, Nova Scotia. 

## References
* Ronald E. Illsley *Berwick* (Illsley Family Kentville: 2008)

## Other websites
*Town of Berwick
Maxine Brown (soul singer)

**Maxine Ella Brown** (born August 18, 1939) is an American soul and rhythm and blues singer.

## Songs
;Note
 no R&B charts published during these chart runs

## References
## Other websites
*Maxine Brown Official Site
*[  Allmusic]
Ali Bongo

**William Oliver Wallace** better known as **Ali Bongo** (8 December 1929 – 8 March 2009) was a English magician. He performed an act as the Shriek of Araby.

Bongo joined The Magic Circle in 1960. He was elected President in 2008.

## References
Jean Chatillon

**Jean Chatillon** (13 September 1937 – 16 January 2019) was a Canadian composer and music educator. He was born in Nicolet, Quebec, Canada. 

Chatillon wrote more than 300 musical and literary works. He was an Associate Composer of the Canadian Music Centre. In 2003, he was appointed professor emeritus by the University of Quebec.

Chatillon died on 16 January 2019 from pneumonia in Nicolet, aged 81.

## References
The Magic Circle

**The Magic Circle** is a British organisation. Members of the organisation learn about and promote the art of magic. The Magic Circle started in 1905 and is based in London.

The group comprises Allen & Overy, Clifford Chance, Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer, Linklaters, and Slaughter and May.

## Definition 
The term Magic Circle was coined by legal reporters in the 1990s and includes the following five law firms per most commentators: Allen & Overy, Clifford Chance, Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer, Linklaters and Slaughter and May.

## Firms not included 
Among the large firms not included in the term are Herbert Smith, Lovells, Norton Rose and Stephenson Harwood, which are less profitable. Also, at the time the term was coined, Herbert Smith's corporate practice was focused on privatisation work, which had dried up. Arguably, for this reason, it was not included in the initial Magic Circle.

## References
## Other websites 
* Official website
Maxine Brown (country singer)

**Maxine Brown** (April 27, 1931 – January 21, 2019) was an American country music singer. She was born in Campti, Louisiana. Brown was originally a member of the successful 1950s trio the Browns, before a brief solo career. She retired in 1968.

Brown died on January 21, 2019 in Little Rock, Arkansas from complications of heart and kidney disease, aged 87.

## References
Elizabeth Warren 2020 presidential campaign

In February 2019, Elizabeth Warren, the senior United States Senator from Massachusetts, announced her campaign for the 2020 Democratic nomination for President of the United States. 

Warren announced on December 31, 2018, that she was forming an exploratory committee to consider running for the Democratic nomination in the 2020 United States presidential election.

Warren is regarded as the first major Democrat to announce the formation of an exploratory committee, which she did in a video on December 30, 2018. In this video, she says that "America's middle class is under attack" in explaining her populist economic agenda.

After failing to win any primary contests and low poll numbers, Warren dropped out of the election on March 5, 2020.

On April 15, 2020, she supported Joe Biden for the Democratic nomination. 

## References
Clark's Harbour

'''Clark's Harbour''' is a town on Cape Sable Island in southwestern Nova Scotia, Canada, located in Shelburne County.

## References
## Other websites
*Town of Clark's Harbour
* Western Counties Regional Library website
Debbie McGee

**Debbie McGee** (born 31 October 1958) is an English television and radio presenter. She is best known for being magician Paul Daniels' assistant. McGee is a former ballet dancer. She presents a Sunday morning show for BBC Radio Berkshire.

## Other websites 
* Official website
*
Stark County, North Dakota

**Stark County** is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, 33,646 people lived there. The county seat is Dickinson.

## References
BBC Radio Berkshire

**BBC Radio Berkshire** is the BBC radio station for the English counties of Berkshire, north Hampshire, and South Oxfordshire. BBC Radio Berkshire broadcasts from its studios at Thames Valley Park near Reading. The station is also available on Freeview, and for thirty days after broadcast on BBC iPlayer.

## Other websites 
* Official website
Know-Nothing Party

The **American Party**, commonly known as the **Know-Nothing Party**, was an American nativist political party that operated in the mid-1850s. It was originally anti-Catholic, prejudiced against other nationalities and against immigration. The movement was briefly a major political party in the form of the American Party. Followers of the movement were to reply "I know nothing" when asked about its specifics by outsiders, which gave the group its most common name.

The Know-Nothings believed a "Romanist" conspiracy was in progress in which the Catholic Church was trying to undermine the power and authority of civil and religious liberty in the United States. They wanted to organize native-born Protestants politically defend their traditional religious and political values. That theme is remembered because by Protestants feared that Catholic priests and bishops would control a large number of voters. In most places, the Know-Nothingis lasted only a year or two before weak local leaders, few publicly declared national leaders, and a deep split over the issue of slavery caused them to disintegrate. In the South, the party did not focus on anti-Catholicism but on being the main alternative to the dominant Democratic Party.

The collapse of the Whig Party after the Kansas–Nebraska Act passed left an opening for a new major party to oppose the Democrats. The Know-Nothings elected US Representatives Nathaniel P. Banks of Massachusetts and many others in the 1854 elections and created a new party, known as the American Party. Particularly in the South, the American Party served as an outlet for politicians who disagreed with the Democratic Party. Many also hoped that it would seek a middle ground between the pro-slavery positions of many Democratic politicians and the anti-slavery positions of the emerging Republican Party. The American Party nominated former President Millard Fillmore in the 1856 presidential election although he kept quiet about his membership. Fillmore received 21.5% of the popular vote in the 1856 presidential election and finished behind both the Democratic and the Republican candidates.

The party quickly declined after the 1856 election. The 1857 *Dred Scott v. Sandford* decision of the Supreme Court further aroused opposition to slavery in the North, where many Know-Nothings joined the Republicans. Most of the remaining members of the party supported the Constitutional Union Party during the 1860 presidential election.
Battle: Los Angeles

***Battle: Los Angeles*** (also known as ***Battle: LA*** and internationally as ***World Invasion: Battle Los Angeles***) is a 2011 American military science fiction action movie. Jonathan Liebesman  directed the movie. Chris Bertolini wrote the screenplay. The movie is set in Los Angeles. A Marine Staff Sergeant played by Aaron Eckhart  leads a platoon of U.S. Marines and  other stranded military personnel, during a global alien invasion. The other actors include Michelle Rodriguez, Ramon Rodriguez, Bridget Moynahan, Ne-Yo, and Michael Peña.

## Cast 
* Aaron Eckhart as USMC SSgt Michael Nantz
* Michelle Rodriguez as USAF TSgt Elena Santos, 1N, 61 ABW
* Ramón Rodríguez as USMC 2ndLt William Martinez, 1st Platoon
* Bridget Moynahan as Michele
* Ne-Yo as USMC Cpl Kevin J. "Specks" Harris
* Michael Peña as Joe Rincon
* Lucas Till as USMC Cpl Scott Grayston
* Cory Hardrict as USMC Cpl Jason "Cochise" Lockett
* Adetokumboh M'Cormack as USN HM3 Jibril A. "Doc" Adukwu
* Jim Parrack as USMC LCpl Peter J. "Irish" Kerns
* Will Rothhaar as USMC Cpl Lee "Cowboy" Imlay
* Neil Brown Jr. as USMC LCpl Richard "Motown" Guerrero
* Noel Fisher as USMC PFC Shaun "Casper" Lenihan
* Taylor Handley as USMC LCpl Corey Simmons
* James Hiroyuki Liao as USMC LCpl Steven "Motorolla" Motolla
* Gino Anthony Pesi as USMC Cpl Nick C. "Stavs" Stavrou
* Joey King as Kristen
* Bryce Cass as Hector Rincon
* Jadin Gould as Amy

## References
Digby, Nova Scotia

**Digby** is a town in southwestern Nova Scotia, Canada. 

## References
## Other websites
*
*Live Web Cam view of Digby Harbour showing tidal range
Ypsilanti, Michigan

**Ypsilanti** ( , often mispronounced  ), commonly shortened to **Ypsi**, is a city in Washtenaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is known as the home of Eastern Michigan University. As of the 2020 census, the city's population was 20,648. Ypsilanti is located 6 miles (10&nbsp;km) east of Ann Arbor and about 18 miles (29&nbsp;km) west of the Detroit city limits.

## References
Emiliano Sala

**Emiliano Raúl Sala Taffarel** (31 October 1990 &ndash; 21 January 2019) was an Argentine professional footballer. He played as a forward. He signed for Premier League side Cardiff City on 19 January 2019 as the club record fee.
He played for French side Nantes before signing for Cardiff. 

## Death 
Sala's Piper PA-46 Malibu aircraft disappeared off Alderney on 21 January 2019. He was flying from Nantes to Cardiff aboard a Piper Malibu light aircraft. A three-day search covered  across the English Channel. Two subsequent private searches were launched, resulting in the discovery of the wreckage on 3&nbsp;February; Sala's body was recovered four days later but the pilot's has not found yet.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Braeburn

**Braeburn** (*Malus domestica* 'Braeburn') is an apple cultivar that is firm to the touch with a red/orange vertical streaky appearance on a yellow/green background. The Braeburn apple originated in New Zealand. The apple has a sweet and tart flavour.
Business Wire

**Business Wire** is a company that sends out full-text press releases from thousands of companies and organizations worldwide to news media, financial markets, disclosure systems, investors, information web sites, databases, bloggers, social networks and other audiences. It is a subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway.

## History
Business Wire was founded in 1961 by Lorry I. Lokey. It started by sending releases to 16 media outlets in California. Business Wire created its website in May 1995. In 2000, Business Wire was the first commercial newswire to end the practice of distributing news to financial outlets 15-minutes before anyone else, to provide immediate, equal access to company information as noted by Reg FD.

Business Wire's first wholly owned European operation launched in 2001, with the opening of an office in London. On June 1, 2005, Business Wire entered the German Ad-Hoc market with a disclosure network for companies with primary or secondary listings on the Deutsche Boerse. The service was established in compliance with BaFin, Germany's national securities regulator. On September 15, 2005, Business Wire established Regulatory Disclosure networks in France, Sweden, Switzerland and Luxembourg. The move came in planning for the organization of the EU's Transparency Obligations Directive (TOD). On January 1, 2007, Autorité des marchés financiers, the French Financial Markets Regulator, approved Business Wire to operate as a Regulatory Disclosure Service in France.

On January 10, 2005, Business Wire established an Asian hub with the opening of its Tokyo, Japan bureau, and later that year added Japanese language, making the website available in seven languages. On January 17, 2006, Berkshire Hathaway noted that it was purchasing Business Wire for an undisclosed amount. This acquisition was completed on March 1, 2006.

In 2008, Business Wire partnered with ImpreMedia to launch LatinoWire, a news-distribution service that sends out brand content to Hispanic websites, media outlets, journalists and bloggers. In 2011, Business Wire received a patent for the technological process of optimizing and distributing press releases to maximize their ability to be found and tracked in leading search engines.

On September 23, 2013, Business Wire noted an exclusive distribution partnership with VentureBeat. On November 3, 2013, Business Wire opened its 32nd office in Hong Kong.

In January 2014, Business Wire launched a new news and content distribution enhancement service.

In April 2017, its chief executive officer and president, Cathy Baron Tamraz retired and was replaced by long-time CFO Geff Scott.

## Related pages
* List of press release agencies

## References
## Other websites
*
Swiss franc

The **Swiss franc** (, French and Romansh: *franc*, ; sign: **Fr.** or **SFr.**; code: **CHF**) is the currency of Switzerland and Liechtenstein.

The smaller denomination, a hundredth of a franc, is a *Rappen* (Rp.) in German, *centime* (c.) in French, *centesimo* (ct.) in Italian, and *rap* (rp.) in Romansh.

## Banknotes
* 10 francs
* 20 francs
* 50 francs
* 100 francs
* 200 francs
* 1000 francs

## Coins
* 1 centime (not used commonly)
* 2 centimes (not used commonly)
* 5 centimes
* 10 centimes
* 20 centimes
* ½ franc
* 1 franc
* 2 francs
* 5 francs

## Notes
## Other websites
*
Ace (card)

]]
An **ace** is a playing card, die or domino which has a value of one unless its the first card given to the player where its value is 11 however this is most commonly seen when you're playing 21. It used to mean the side of a die with only one dot. Since this was the lowest roll of the die, it was thought of as 'bad luck' in Middle English. The ace is often the highest playing card, so the meaning has changed to mean good.

## References
Pete Buttigieg 2020 presidential campaign

On January 23, 2019, Pete Buttigieg, then-mayor of South Bend, Indiana, announced the formation of an exploratory committee to run for President of the United States in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries.

He had been speculated as a potential candidate, visiting the early caucus state of Iowa in December 2018, where he announced he would not run for reelection in 2019. He would be the first openly gay elected official to run for president.

Early on, Buttigeg would solidify himself as a candidate ready to "turn the page". He made every debate and proved he could hang with the bigger names such as Bernie Sanders, Joe Biden & Elizabeth Warren. He gained points in the polls, and during the Iowa Caucuses, he declared himself victorious before results came in during his speech. He seemed to have been right, as Buttigeg earned 14 delegates in Iowa. He earned 9 in New Hampshire the following week. However, Buttigeg only earned 3 in Nevada despite his efforts with the Latino/Mexican community. He earned none in South Carolina, where the black population is high.

Buttigieg ended his campaign after losing the South Carolina primary on March 1, 2020. He endorsed Joe Biden.

## References
## Other websites
*
Tomorrow's World

'''''Tomorrow's World''''' was a BBC television programme about science and technology. It ran from 1965 to 2003. Raymond Baxter was the programme's first presenter until he left in 1977. There have been many other presenters on the programme.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Stutsman County, North Dakota

**Stutsman County** is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, there were 21,593 people living there. The county seat is Jamestown.

## References
Jean-Paul Agon

** Jean-Paul Agon** (born 6 July 1956) is the chairman and former CEO of L'Oréal. 17 March 2011.
He graduated from HEC Paris in 1978.
* 2009: Awarded the "Pace Leadership in Ethics Award 2008" by the Ethics Resource Center in New York.
* 2011: Awarded International Human Relations Award by AJC in New York.

## References
Volcano (1997 movie)

***Volcano*** is a 1997 American disaster movie set in Los Angeles.

Mick Jackson directed the movie.

Jerome Armstrong and Billy Ray wrote the screenplay.

Tommy Lee Jones, Anne Heche, and Don Cheadle star in the movie.

In the movie, Jones is the head of the Los Angeles County Office of Emergency Management (LAC OEM). Jones's character tries to save Los Angeles from a lava flow coming from a newly formed volcano in the La Brea Tar Pits.

## Related pages 
* ''Dante's Peak'' – another volcano-based movie released in 1997

## References 
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Shirley Deane

**Shirley Deane** (born **Shirley Deane Blattenberger**; March 16, 1913 – April 26, 1983) was an American actress.

Her parents were Jesse H. Blattenberger and Zola Blattenberger (unmarried name Redden). Deane's maternal grandmother raised her.

She was best known as an actress for playing "Bonnie Jones" in 20th Century Fox's Jones Family series of movies.

## Movies
* *The First Baby* (1936)
* *Charlie Chan at the Circus* (1936)
* *King of Burlesque* (1936)
* *Educating Father* (1936)
* *Off to the Races* (1937)
* *Nancy Steele Is Missing!* (1937)
* *The Jones Family in Big Business* (1937)
* *Hot Water* (1937)
* *Undercover Agent* (1939)
* *Flash Gordon Conquers the Universe* (1940)

## References
## Bibliography
* Tucker, David C. *The Women Who Made Television Funny: Ten Stars of 1950s Sitcoms*. McFarland, 2015.

## Other websites
*
Maggie Philbin

**Margaret Elizabeth Philbin** (born 23 June 1955) is an English television and radio presenter. She is best known for presenting the BBC programmes ''Tomorrow's World* and *Multi-Coloured Swap Shop''.

## References
## Other websites 
* Maggie Philbin on IMDb
Ayşen Gruda

**Ayşen Gruda** (22 August 1944 – 23 January 2019) was a Turkish actress and comedian.

Gruda appeared in several musicals such as "Mum Söndü", "Deve Kuşu Kabare", "Hababam Sınıfı Müzikali", "Yedi Kocalı Hürmüz". Her role in the sketch *Her Domates Güzeli Nahide Şerbet* on television, gained her the nickname "Domates Güzeli". She appeared in over 100 movies including classics such as *Tosun Paşa*, *Süt Kardeşler*, *Gülen Gözler*, *Şabanoğlu Şaban*, *Hababam Sınıfı,* and *Neşeli Günler*. She was born in Istanbul.

Gruda died on 23 January 2019 of pancreatic cancer in Istanbul at the age of 74.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Dickey County, North Dakota

**Dickey County** is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, 4,999 people lived there. The county seat is Ellendale.

## History 
Dickey County was discovered on July 17, 1839, when an expedition was sent into the lands by the US Government. 

The first city, Ellendale, was established in 1881. The county was established shortly after.
## Cities and townships 
### Cities 
* Ellendale (Pop. 1,125)
* Forbes (Pop. 36)
* Fullerton (Pop. 62)
* Ludden (Pop. 15)
* Monango (Pop. 30)
* Oakes (Pop. 1,798)

### Townships 
* Ada
* Albertha
* Albion
* Bear Creek
* Clement
* Divide
* Elden
* Ellendale
* Elm
* German
* Grand Valley
* Hamburg
* Hudson
* James River Valley
* Kent
* Kentner
* Keystone
* Lorraine
* Lovell
* Maple
* Northwest
* Port Emma
* Porter
* Potsdam
* Riverdale
* Spring Valley
* Valley
* Van Meter
* Whitestone
* Wright
* Yorktown
* Young

## Geography 
Dickey County lies on the south side of North Dakota. Its south boundary line abuts the north boundary line of the state of South Dakota. The James River flows south-southeasterly through the east part of the county, and the Maple River flows south-southwesterly through the center part of the county. The county terrain consists of rolling hills, dotted with lakes and ponds in its western portion, with the area devoted to agriculture.The terrain slopes to the south and east, with its highest point being a hill near the SW corner at 2,139' (652m) ASL. The county has a total area of 1,142 square miles (2,960&nbsp;km2), of which 1,131 square miles (2,930&nbsp;km2) is land and 11 square miles (28&nbsp;km2) (0.9%) is water.

## References
Google Drive

**Google Drive** is a cloud service created by Google. Users may store files on Google Drive so that they can store their files on the internet. Many users find it is convenient to put files on Google Drive because they will not have to worry about losing portable hard drives. Users can store up to 16 GB of information for free, and they can pay a monthly subscription to store more information.

## Related pages
* OneDrive (The Microsoft version of Google Drive)
* MediaFire (Cloud service similar to Google Drive)
Ranjan Gogoi

**Ranjan Gogoi** (born 18 November 1954) is an Indian judge. He is the 46th Chief Justice of India. He became Chief Justice on 3 October 2018. His term as Chief Justice ends on 17 November 2019. He is the first person from Northeast India to become Chief Justice of India.

On 20 April 2019, Gogoi was accused of sexual harassment by a former assistant.

## References
Aliens vs. Predator: Requiem

***Aliens vs. Predator: Requiem*** (also known as ***AVPR***) is a 2007 American science fiction horror movie directed by The Brothers Strause (Colin and Greg Strause) in their directorial debut, written by Shane Salerno, and starring Steven Pasquale, Reiko Aylesworth, John Ortiz, Johnny Lewis, and Ariel Gade. Starring Ian Whyte as Wolf the Yautja, it is a sequel to *Alien vs. Predator* (2004) and the second and latest installment in the Alien vs. Predator franchise, continuing the crossover of the Alien and Predator franchises. The movie was released on December 25, 2007, and it grossed $129 million, behind the predecessor, which grossed $172 million.
Slope County, North Dakota

**Slope County** is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, 706 people lived there, making it the least populous county in North Dakota and one of the least populous counties in the United States. The county seat is Amidon.

## References
Aixam

**Aixam** or **Aixam-Mega** is a French car manufacturer based in Aix-les-Bains, Savoie that makes microcars. It was founded in 1983.

## Other websites 
* Aixam official website
Alexandre Koyré

**Alexandre Koyré** (; ; 29 August 1892&nbsp;– 28 April 1964), was a French philosopher. He was born in Russia. He wrote on the history, philosophy of science and scientific revolution.

Koyré was born in Taganrog, Russia. He was a Jewish person. In 1914 he joined the French Foreign Legion and fought on the Russian front in 1916.

During World War II, Koyré lived in New York City, and taught at the New School for Social Research.

He died in Paris on 28 April 1964.

## References 
## Other websites
Freienbach

**Freienbach** is a municipality in Höfe District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Lottstetten

**Lottstetten** is a municipality in Waldshut in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is on the border with the Swiss cantons of Schaffhausen and Zurich.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Philippe Méaille

**Philippe Méaille** (born 27 April 1973) is a French author and art collector, and the founder and president of the Château de Montsoreau-Museum of Contemporary Art.

Philippe Méaille owns the world's largest collection of Art & Language works.

## Citations 
When I was 20 or 21, I bought a work of Art & Language of 1965 called *Mirror Piece* and installed it in my apartment in Paris. After two or three days, I felt sad and stupid because I understood the limit imposed if these works were kept private. They would be like a discussion that was kept secret. Therefore I felt a responsibility to make this collection accessible to the widest possible public - *The Private Museum of the Future*, Cristina Bechtler interview with Philippe Méaille, 2016.

## Controversies 
### Château de Montsoreau-Museum of Contemporary Art 
Château de Montsoreau-Museum of contemporary art project began in November 2014. In June 2015, Philippe Méaille and Christian Gillet created a surprise in France, jointly announcing the signing of a long-term lease (between the Maine-et-Loire department and Philippe Méaille) on the Chateau de Montsoreau property. The Château de Montsoreau-Museum of Contemporary Art becoming the first Château of the Loire Valley to be transformed into a museum of contemporary art. Despite the desire of both parties to create an international museum of contemporary art, and the ability from Méaille to endowing it with the world's largest collection of works by the radical conceptualists of Art & Language, and to seize the opportunity to develop the international tourist audience of the Loire Valley, the announcement created controversy. Frédéric Béatse, former Mayor of Angers, and socialist political leader, protests against what he calls « a sale of a jewel of the department to a private foreign player ». Gérard Persin (mayor of Montsoreau), and Christian Gillet both reacted very quickly to these protests during a press conference. Gérard Persin stated: « It is a pride to have been chosen to host a center of contemporary art of international stature ». Christian Gillet put the project in its international ambition and potential development for the territory: « The idea of Philippe Méaille, connoisseur and lover of the site, is to install a center of contemporary art featuring his collection, already world famous and renowned, we have considered an interesting challenge ». And Philippe Méaille clarified his intentions: « This public-private partnership appeared to us as an innovative solution that will be integrated into the Saumur territory in its entirety: Saumur and its agglomeration but also the nearby Fontevraud Abbey ». MACBA deplored the decision of Philippe Méaille not to renew his long-term agreement with the institution, and assured that the security of the collection is guaranteed, and that "Philippe Méaille arguments do not coincide at all with reality". Voices emerged to denounce a pretext on the part of the collector, to repatriate the works of Art & Language in his museum, opened only one year before.

## References
Livonian language

**Livonian** (Livonian: *līvõ kēļ* or *rāndakēļ*) is a revived language related to Estonian. It is in the Baltic-Finnic group of the Uralic family.
Emblem of Bhutan

The **emblem of Bhutan** (Dzongkha: རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ལས་རྟགས་;Wylie: *rgyal-yongs las-rtags*) maintains several elements of the flag of Bhutan, with slightly different artistry, and contains much Buddhist symbolism.

The official description is as follows:

"The national emblem, contained in a circle, is composed of a double diamond-thunderbolt (dorji) placed above a lotus, surmounted by a jewel and framed by two dragons. The thunderbolt represents the harmony between secular and religious power. The lotus symbolizes purity; the jewel expresses sovereign power; and the two dragons, male and female, stand for the name of the country which they proclaim with their great voice, the thunder."
Vigilio Mario Olmi

**Vigilio Mario Olmi** (14 August 1927 – 25 January 2019) was an Italian Roman Catholic bishop. He was born in Coccaglio, Italy.

Olmi was ordained to the priesthood in 1950. He was titular bishop of *Gunugus* and was auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Brescia, Italy, from 1986 to 2003.

Olmi died on 25 January 2019 in Brescia, Italy at the age of 91.

## References
Emmons County, North Dakota

**Emmons County** is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, there were 3,301 people living there. The county seat is Linton.

## References
Kidder County, North Dakota

**Kidder County** is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, 2,394 people lived there. The county seat is Steele.

## References
Admission to the Union

The **Admission to the Union Clause** (also known as the **New States Clause**) is a part of the United States Constitution. It lets Congress add new states to the United States. There were thirteen states  when the Constitution came into effect. 37 new states have since been added to the United States by this clause. Each new state has an equal footing with the ones that already exist.

## Text
**Article 4, Section 3, Clause 1 (US Constitution):**
Original text:

Simpler text:

## References
Art & Language

.]]
**Art & Language** is a conceptual artists' collaboration founded around 1967 in the United Kingdom by Terry Atkinson (b. 1939), David Bainbridge (b. 1941), Michael Baldwin (b. 1945) and Harold Hurrell (b. 1940). The name of the group was derived from their journal, Art-Language The Journal of conceptual art. In their text-works, they created conceptual art as part of their discussions.

Art & Language is at the origin of conceptual art and their work was an important influence on its development.

## Past members and associates
 Collection.]]
* Terry Atkinson
* David Bainbridge
* Kathryn Bigelow
* Ian Burn
* Sarah Charlesworth
* Michael Corris
* Preston Heller
* Graham Howard
* Harold Hurrell
* Joseph Kosuth
* Christine Kozlov
* Nigel Lendon
* Andrew Menard
* Philip Pilkington
* Neil Powell
* David Rushton
* Terry Smith
* Mayo Thompson

## Awards 
Terry Atkinson was Nominated in 1985 for the Turner Prize.

Art & Language was nominated in 1986 for the Turner Prize.

## Permanent collections 
Papers and works relating to New York Art & Language are held at the Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles.

In March 2011, Philippe Méaille loaned 800 artworks of Art & Language to the Barcelona Museum of Contemporary Art (MACBA). In June 2015, the Conseil départemental de Maine-et-Loire and Philippe Méaille signed a long term lease agreement for the Chateau de Montsoreau to promote contemporary art in the Loire Valley.

* Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
* Arts Council of Great Britain, United Kingdom.
*Centre Pompidou, Paris, France.
* Centro de Arte Contemporàneo de Malaga, Malaga, Spain.
* Château de Montsoreau-Museum of Contemporary Art, Montsoreau, France.
* Espoo Museum of Modern Art, Espoo, Finland.
* Fonds National d'Art Contemporain, Paris, France.
* FRAC Haute Normandie, Sotteville-lès-Rouen, France.
* FRAC Languedoc Roussillon, Montpellier, France.
* FRAC Nord Pas de Calais, Dunkerque, France.
* Grand-Hornu, Museum of Contemporary Arts, Belgium.
* Laguna Gallery of Contemporary Art, Laguna Beach, CA, USA.
* Les Abattoirs, Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, Toulouse, France.
* Lille Métropole Museum of Modern, Contemporary and Outsider Art, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
* MACBA, Barcelona Museum of Contemporary Art, Barcelona, Spain.
* MAMCO, Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, Geneva, Switzerland].
* Migros Museum of Contemporary Art, Zurich, Switzerland.
* Musée d'Art Moderne (Saint-Etienne), Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France.
* Museum fur Angewande Kunst, Vienna, Austria.
* Museum Moderner Kunst Stiftung, Vienna, Austria.
* Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
* Museum of Contemporary Art, North Miami, FL, USA.
*Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY, USA.
* National Gallery of Australia, Canberra, Australia.
* National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
* Stedelijk Museum voor Actuele Kunst, Ghent, Belgium.
*Tate Modern, London, United Kingdom.
*Victoria & Albert Museum, London, United Kingdom.

## References
Mulholland Drive (movie)

***Mulholland Drive*** is an American neo-noir mystery drama movie set in and around Los Angeles. David Lynch wrote and directed the movie. Lynch won the Best Director Award for it at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival.

These actors who star in the movie include Naomi Watts, Laura Harring, Justin Theroux, Ann Miller and Robert Forster.

## Other websites 
* Mulholland Drive on IMDb
California State Legislature

The **California State Legislature** is a bicameral legislature for the state of California in the United States. It has a lower house, the California State Assembly, with 80 members, and an upper house, the California State Senate, with 40 members. Both houses meet at the California State Capitol in Sacramento. It is one of ten full-time state legislatures in the United States.

Since 1996, the Democratic Party has controlled both houses.

## References
California State Senate

The **California State Senate** is the upper house of the California State Legislature. It has 40 members and is currently controlled by the Democratic Party It meets at the California State Capitol in Sacramento.

## Composition 
### Officers 
The Secretary, the Sergeant-at-Arms, and the Chaplain are not members of the Legislature.

### Members 
*: elected in a special election

### Seating chart 
## References
Château de Montsoreau-Museum of Contemporary Art

The **Château de Montsoreau-Museum of Contemporary Art**, is a museum of contemporary art privately owned by the French art collector Philippe Méaille. It is in the Loire Valley in France. The Château de Montsoreau-Museum of Contemporary Art is the only chateau of so called *Chateaux of the Loire Valley* to have been transformed in a museum of contemporary art.

It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

## Collection 
The Philippe Méaille collection is the collection of the museum. It is the world's largest collection of Art & Language works. The collection is on the first two floors of the building. This collaboration between British, American, and Australian artists is at the origin of what is now called conceptual art.

### Gallery

File:Art-LanguageV3No1-1974.jpg|Art & Language: Art & Language: *Art-Language*, Vol.3 Nr.1, 1974.
File:Art & Language, Untitled Painting (1965), Tate Modern, London - 20130627.jpg|Art & Language: *Mirror Piece*, 1965.
File:Art language air conditioning show conceptual contemporary art.jpg|Art & Language (Michael Baldwin): *Air-Conditioning Show*, 1966-67.
File:Art language opera 1984 conceptual art.jpg|Art & Language: *Victorine* in *Art-Language* Vol.5 Nr.2 (1984), 1983.
File:Secret painting mel ramsden art language.jpg|Art & Language (Mel Ramsden), *Secret Painting*, 1967.
File:Art language journal mel ramsden 1982 conceptual art.jpg|Art & Language: *Art-Language* Vol.5 Nr.1, 1982.
File:Art language journal conceptual art contemporary art.jpg|Art & Language: *Art-Language The Journal of Conceptual Art*, Vol.1 Nr.1, 1969.

## References
## Other websites
* Official Site
Yorkshire Coast Radio

**Yorkshire Coast Radio** is the local radio station for Scarborough, Filey, Whitby and Bridlington. It broadcasts to Scarborough and Filey on 96.2 FM, Bridlington on 102.4 FM and Whitby on 103.1 FM

The station also operates an online service called 'Yorkshire Coast Radio Extra' which broadcasts news and interviews as well as football commentaries on Scarborough Athletic, Bridlington Town and Whitby Town games.

In 2018 the station launched an additional service Yorkshire Coast Radio 70s. 

## Programming 
All of Yorkshire Coast Radio's programming is produced and broadcast from its Scarborough studios. Presenter-led programming airs from 6am-10pm on weekdays, 6 am-6 pm on Saturdays and 8 am-4 pm on Sunday.

In the official RAJAR audience data for Q2 2018, Yorkshire Coast Radio achieved a 53% weekly reach which is higher than for any other radio station in the UK.

## News 
Yorkshire Coast Radio broadcasts hourly local news bulletins from 6 am-10 pm on weekdays and 8 am-12 pm at weekends, with headlines on the half-hour during weekday breakfast.

Its journalists are based at the radio station's Scarborough studios and also produce content for and the station's website and smartphone app.

National bulletins from Sky News Radio are carried every hour at all other times.

## References
Justin Theroux

**Justin Theroux** (born August 10, 1971) is an American actor. He is best known for the movies *Mulholland Drive* and *Inland Empire*. Theroux has also appeared in the HBO television series *The Leftovers* and the 2024 movie *Beetlejuice Beetlejuice*.

## Personal life 
Theroux married female actor Jennifer Aniston in 2015.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Justin Theroux on IMDb
Repeat

**Repeat** may refer to:
*A rerun in broadcasting
*The unit of pattern in a wallpaper, for example every 24 inches of a roll
*A `repeat until` loop in the Pascal programming language
## Music
*Repeat sign in music
*Repeat Records
**Repeat*, EP by This Heat 1993
**Repeat - The Best of Jethro Tull - Vol II*, 1977
*"Repeat" (song), a 2011 song by David Guetta