open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Adliswil

**Adliswil** is a municipality of the district Horgen in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Silverwing (novel)

***Silverwing*** is a best-selling novel, written by Kenneth Oppel and published in Simon & Schuster. It follows the journey for a group of silver-haired bats. The tone and artistic honor for bestsellers were compared to *Watership Down*. The four novels became part of the series. The first book was adapted into an animated television miniseries on Teletoon and Jetix. It was also released on DVD.

## Story 
The series has four novels for the series, including the original one, *Sunwing*, *Firewing* and *Darkwing*.

Long ago, the rest of the animals banished the bats for not taking sides in the great war. Years later, the bats often roam outside at night to avoid the sun (the backstory inspired by Aesop's fable). When Shade breaks the law for the colony, the owls destroy their home, forcing the bats to migrate. Shade befriends Marina and learns an echo projection from Zephyr. Shade and Marina meet Goth and Throbb, two cannibal bats (Vampyrum spectrum) who were captured from South America and escaped from the laboratory. After Shade and Marina reunite with the colony, the bats resolve conflicts with the animals. After finding Cassiel, the owls allow the bats to roam outside anytime. Shade's son, Griffin, travels to the underworld, along with his friend Luna. After Shade sacrifices himself to foil the plan of Cama Zotz (a bat god opposing Nocturna), Griffin and Luna return home.

## Characters 
**Shade Silverwing**: A silver-haired bat who uses echo projection.

**Marina Brightwing**: A red bat living in the island.

**Chinook**: The son of Plato and Isis.

**Frieda**: A wise bat making decisions and having a silver band. She later dies in *Sunwing*.

**Ariel**: Shade's mother and Cassiel's mate.

**Goth**: One of the cannibal bats living in the jungle and the servant of Cama Zotz and Nocturna, the goddesses of bats.

**Throbb**: Goth's brother-in-law who is killed by a thunderstorm in the novel.

## Other websites
*
MADtv

***MADtv*** was a television show that aired on FOX from October 14, 1995 to May 16, 2009. It is a comedic show where they perform sketches, improv and songs. It is rated TV-14 because of profane language and sexual substances. It was on air for fourteen seasons. It showed at 23:00/22:00 central.

It has been nominated for Emmy Awards, Image Awards and Young Artist Awards.

On November 12, 2008, it was announced that their 14th season is the last season. In July 26, 2016, MADtv come back until September 27, 2016.

## References
New York Jets

The **New York Jets** are a professional American football team. They are a part of the National Football League abbreviation (NFL). Even though they are called the New York Jets, they play at Metlife Stadium in New Jersey. New York is right across the Hudson River from East Rutherford, so they consider New York as home. They hail from the same stadium as the New York Giants. They have many fans in New York and New Jersey. The New York Jets started playing in 1960. They have won one NFL championship in their history.

The Jets were originally called the New York Titans. They played their games in the Polo Grounds. When they moved to Shea Stadium in 1964, they were called the Jets. That was a more modern-sounding name, and it also rhymed with "New York Mets", the other team that played its games at Shea. The New York Jets have won only one Super Bowl, which was famously guaranteed by their QB, Joe Namath, in the media in the weeks leading up to the game.

## References
## Other websites
*Official Site
Joseph Fourier

**Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier** (21 March 1768 – 30 May 1830) was a French mathematician and physicist. He is best known for starting the investigation of Fourier series. He used them for work on problems of heat flow. Fourier also helped the discovery of the greenhouse effect, by  suggesting the atmosphere might act as an insulator.

## Life 
Fourier was born at Auxerre as the son of a tailor.  He lost both his parents at the age of 9. He then went on to study at the Convent of St Mark.

He joined the military academy in Auxerre. Aged sixteen, he became a teacher. At age 26, he entered the École normale supérieure in Paris. People like Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Gaspard Monge, and Pierre-Simon de Laplace were among his teachers.

He took part in the French Revolution of 1789. During the Reign of Terror he was almost executed at the guillotine, but the death of Robespierre saved him this fate. He later took part in the French campaign in Egypt and Syria.

Later, as a diplomat, he is put in charge of the scientific background of the Institut d'Égypte. On his return, Napoleon put him in charge of the Isère department.

In 1810, Fourier created the university in Grenoble, and becomes its first head. In 1817, Fourier became a Member of the Académie des Sciences. On the death of Jean-Baptiste Joseph Delambre in 1822 he became head of the mathematics section. In 1826, Fourier was elected to the Académie française.

## References 
## Other websites
*
File server

A **file server** is a computer joined to a web network or to a home network, and that can store many files in the server's storage medium (HDD, SSD, etc.,). 

## Characteristics 
The file server can be a normal computer, or a Network Attached Storage, which is a special computer created to only be a file server. Often, people recycle their old computer, and they modify it to become a file server which can hold photos, songs, films, and backups. Sometimes web servers that are "hand made" are used as a media center. A media center works by people putting things on the file server (for example, movies) and then watch (or use) the things on the file server, typically on a Television or other viewing device (like how a DVD player or streaming works).

## Related pages
*Server
Gino Severini

**Gino Severini** (7 April 1883 – 26 February 1966), was an Italian painter. He was a founding member of the Futurist movement. 

As a young man, he was introduced to Impressionism. This is a type of painting that was popular in the late 1800s. In the early 1900s, he became interested in Cubism. In the 1920s, he started to paint more traditionally and painted a few murals in Switzerland. In the 1940s, he started painting more abstractly again. He died in 1966 in Paris.

## Related pages
* List of Italian painters
Théodore Géricault

**Théodore Géricault** (September 26, 1791 – January 26, 1824) was an important French painter, known for *The Raft of the Medusa* and other paintings. He was one of the people who started the Romantic movement. 

Born in Rouen, France, Géricault was schooled in English sporting art by Carle Vernet and in classical figure composition by Pierre-Narcisse Guérin, who saw that he had talent. 

His first big work, *The Charging Chasseur*, shown at the Paris Salon in 1812, showed the influence of the style of Rubens and an interest in contemporary topics.
Giada De Laurentiis

**Giada Pamela De Laurentiis** is an Italian-American chef and host for Food Network TV shows. She was born on August 22, 1970. She is the granddaughter of movie director Dino De Laurentiis. She was born in Rome and grew up in Los Angeles.

De Laurentiis studied at Le Cordon Bleu in Paris, France.

On May 25, 2003, she married Todd Thompson. The two had been dating since July 1989. The couple's only child is Jade Marie De Laurentiis-Thompson.  She was born on March 29, 2008. On December 29, 2014, De Laurentiis announced on her website that she and Todd separated in July, and have decided to end their marriage.

In 2008, she won a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lifestyle Host.

She is also the voice of "Paulette", a character on the animated children's show *Handy Manny*.

## References
Simlish

**Simlish** is a made-up language spoken in the *Sims* video games.  It was created because changing the Sims' words into the players' language would cost a lot of money and would make the Sims say the same words all the time.  Simlish is spoken by Sims, the characters in *The Sims*, *The Sims 2*, *The Sims 3* and *The Sims 4*. Simlish is a language 

## Sentences in Simlish 
All of these phrases are from *The Sims*.
*Male Sims speaking - "Homina blastima."
*Female Sims speaking - "Enama polap."
*Child Sims speaking - "Sizzaza Za", and "The sungoos keekaf terweek."
*Female Sims playing arcade games - "Itwack, itcack."
*Adult Sims speaking on the telephone - "A beboo."
*Child Sims getting on a bus - "Yabba doochia."
*Adult male Sims saying goodbye - "Mal-Mal."

## Written Simlish 
Written Simlish is seen on *The Sims 2*, *The Sims 3*, and ‘‘The Sims 4’’. It looks similar to Zodiac symbols taken from the Wingdings font on a computer.  Text such as the names of Sims, hints and tips and on-screen messages are all in the selected language (i.e. English, French, Spanish), and are usually written in the Comic Sans MS font.

## Speaking Simlish 
## References 
## Other websites 
**The Sims* official website
Conanthera

**Conanthera** is a genus of 3-4 species of small Chilean bulbous plants with small panicles of blue, purple or white and purple flowers. The plant reproduces by offsets or seed.

## Other websites
*Pacific Bulb Society
Antonio Tejero

on 23 February 1981 attempting a coup]]
**Antonio Tejero Molina** (30 April 1932 &ndash; 25 February 2026) was a Lieutenant Colonel in the Civil Guard (). He was born in Alhaurín el Grande, Malaga, Spain.

## Failed coup
On 23 February 1981, he stormed into the Spanish Parliament building with 150 military and Civil Guard officers, and held the Spanish government hostage During that time, Spain was going from dictatorship to democracy. Tejero did not want democracy and wanted Spain to stay in the dictatorship. 

His coup failed thanks to King Juan Carlos I. Tejero thought the King would support him because the King had been  trained by Spain's old dictator, Francisco Franco.  Instead King Juan Carlos I went on television dressed in his uniform as commander-in-chief of the Spanish Army and said the coup was wrong.  The coup soon stopped, and Spanish television had pictures of the coup leaders trying to escape by climbing out of the windows of the parliament building.

He was held in jail until 3 December 1996.

## Death
Tajero died on 25 February 2026 at his home in Alzira, Spain at the age of 93.

## References
Bodyguard

during Hannover Fair 2007]]
 (far left) after leaving Gdansk city hall.]]
A **bodyguard** is a security guard who physically protects a person against injury. Very often, important people, like heads of state, religious leaders (i.e. the Pope), actors, and powerful or rich people have bodyguards.
Fátima, Portugal

**Fátima** () is a city in Portugal. It is famous for the religious visions that took place there in 1917. The town itself has a population of 10,302 (2001). It is in the municipality of Ourém, in the Centro Region and sub region of Medio Tejo. It is in the district of Santarém and included in the urban agglomeration of Leiria, in central Portugal,  south of Porto and  north of Lisbon.

## Related pages
* Our Lady of Fatima

## Other websites
* Sanctuary of Fátima
* Pilgrims of Fátima
New Horizons

***New Horizons*** is a space probe launched by NASA on 19 January 2006, to the dwarf planet Pluto and on an escape trajectory from the Sun. It is the first man-made spacecraft to go to Pluto. Its flight took nine years. It arrived at the Pluto-Charon system on July 14, 2015.  It flew near Pluto and took photographs and measurements while it passed. At about 1 kilobit per second, it took 15 months to transmit them back to Earth.

Instruments include a Long-Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI), a Ralph telescope of 75&nbsp;mm aperture, an Alice ultraviolet imaging spectrometer, a Particle Spectrometer Suite to study solar wind and particles, a student dust counter (VBSDC), and a Radio Science Experiment (REX).

The primary mission of *New Horizons* is to study Pluto and its system of moons. The secondary mission is to study any objects in the Kuiper Belt, if something became available for a flyby.

The space probe set the record for the fastest man-made object ever launched, with the Earth-relative speed of about 16.26&nbsp;km/s, although, arguably, the Helios probes got a faster Sun-relative speed. It used a gravity assist from Jupiter to get its high speeds without having to burn as much monopropellant (weak rocket fuel) as needed to fly directly to Pluto.

On January 1, 2019 the probe flew by 486958 Arrokoth, a small Kuiper Belt object also called 2014 MU69  and nicknamed "Ultima Thule". Propellant is now scarce, but a target for a third flyby might be found. It will continue to report about its environment.

The *New Horizons* spacecraft is the 5th spacecraft to go faster than the escape velocity of the solar system. On April 17, 2021, it passed a distance of 50 AU from the Sun.

## References
Marcel Lefebvre

**Marcel-François Lefebvre** (29 November 1905 – 25 March 1991), better known as **Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre**, was a French Roman Catholic bishop. For a long time, he worked as a missionary in Africa with the Holy Ghost Fathers. After returning, he started to be against the changes within the Church. These changes were introduced after the Second Vatican Council.

In 1970, Lefebvre founded the Society of St. Pius X (SSPX), which is still the world's largest Traditionalist Catholic priestly society. In 1988, Lefebvre made four new bishops to continue his work with the SSPX. He took this step against the orders of Pope John Paul II. Because of this, the Holy See announced the following day that he had been excommunicated from the Catholic Church. Those who supported Lefebvre think, this declaration was not valid.

Lefebvre died from cancer on 25 March 1991 at the age of 85 in Martigny, Switzerland.

## References
Second Vatican Council

The **Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican**, or **Vatican II**, was the twenty-first Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. An Ecumenical Council is a meeting of the bishops of the Church to discuss matters of Church doctrine and practice. Pope John XXIII started Vatican II in 1962 and it lasted until 1965, when Pope Paul VI ended it. Four future popes took part in the council's opening session: Cardinal Giovanni Battista Montini, who on succeeding Pope John XXIII took the name of Paul VI; Bishop Albino Luciani, the future Pope John Paul I; Bishop Karol Wojtyła, who became Pope John Paul II. Father Joseph Ratzinger, who was only 35 at the time, was there as a theological consultant. More than forty years later, he became Pope Benedict XVI. 

Different things were discussed. These aimed at modernising the church, and opening a dialogue with other religions. Many people see these meetings as the most important event in the Catholic Church in the 20th century. They let Mass be said in different languages, instead of just Latin. 

## Other websites 
* Documents of the council, at the Website of the Vatican
Ouida

**Ouida** was the pen name of the English writer **Maria Louise Ramé** (although she preferred to be known as **Marie Louise de la Ramée**).  Ramé was born in Bury St. Edmunds, England, to a French father and an English mother. Her pen name came from the way she pronounced her name when she was a child.  

## Bibliography 
* *Two Little Wooden Shoes* (1874)
* *Afternoon* (1883)
* *An Altruist* (1897)
* *Ariadne* (1877)
* *Beatrice Boville and Other Stories* (1868)
* *Bimbi: Stories for Children* (1882)
* ''Cecil Castlemaine's Gage* (1867)
* *A Dog of Flanders* (1872)
* *Chandos * (1866)
* *Critical Studies* (1900)
* *Dogs* (1897)
* *Don Guesaldo* (1886)
* *Frescoes: Dramatic Sketches* (1883)
* *Friendship* (1878)
* *Folle-Farine*  (1871)
* *Guilderoy* (1889)
* *Helianthus * (1908)
* *Held in Bondage* (1863)
* *A House Party* (1887)
* *The Silver Christ and A Lemon Tree* (1894)
* *Idalia* (1867)
* *In a Winter City* (1876)
* *In Maremma*  (1882)
* *La Strega and Other Stories* (1899)
* *Le Selve and Other Tales* (1896)
* *The Massarenes* (1897)
* *Moths* (1880)
* *Muriella; or, Le Selve* (1897)
* *The New Priesthood: A Protest Against Vivisection* (1893)
* *Othmar* (1885)
* *Pascarel* (1874)
* *Pipistrello and Other Stories* (1880)
* *Princess Napraxine* (1884)
* *Puck* (1870)
* *A Rainy June* (1885)
* *Ruffino and Other Stories* (1890)
* *Santa Barbara and Other Stories* (1891)
* *Signa* (1875)
* *The Silver Christ* (1894)
* *Strathmore*  (1865)
* *Street Dust and Other Stories* (1901)
* *Syrlin* (1890)
* *The Tower of Taddeo* (1892)
* *Toxin* (1895)
* *Tricotrin* (1869)
* *Two Offenders and Other Tales* (1894)
* *Under Two Flags*  (1867)
* *Views and Opinions* (1895)
* *A Village Commune*  (1881)
* *Wanda* (1883)
* *The Waters of Edera'' (1900)

## Other websites 
* Works by Ouida at Internet Archive
* Works by Ouida  at The Victorian Women Writers Project
List of municipalities in Ontario

This is a list of municipalities in Ontario, Canada. Ontario has three types of municipalities: upper-tier, lower-tier, and single-tier. A few lower-tier municipalities can be inside one upper-tier municipality. A single-tier municipality is separate from other municipalities.

A lower-tier or single-tier municipality can be a city, town, village, township, or just a municipality. An upper-tier municipality can be a county, region, or district municipality.

## Upper-tier municipalities 
s.]]
Ontario has 30 upper-tier municipalities that include multiple lower-tier municipalities. These upper-tier municipalities include 19 counties, 3 united counties and 8 regional municipalities or regions.>

 

## Local municipalities (single-tier and lower-tier) 
Ontario has 414 local municipalities. This includes 173 single-tier municipalities and 241 lower-tier municipalities. The 173 single-tier municipalities include 32 cities, 23 municipalities, 28 towns, 85 townships, and 5 villages. The 241 lower-tier municipalities include 19 cities, 41 municipalities, 61 towns, 114 townships and 6 villages.

 

## Notes 
## References
Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria

The **Orthodox Church of Alexandria** () is one of the Eastern Orthodox Churches.  
It is sometimes called the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria to distinguish it from the Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria. In Egypt, members of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate were also known as Melkite, because they remained in communion with the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople after the schism that followed the Council of Chalcedon in 451.
Umayyad Mosque

Mosque in the center of Damascus by night]]

The **Grand Mosque of Damascus**, also known as the **Umayyad Mosque** (Arabic: جامع بني أمية الكبير, transl. ''Ğām' Banī 'Umayyah al-Kabīr''), is one of the largest and oldest mosques in the world.It is in one of the holiest sites in the old city of Damascus. It is also very important because of its architecture.

The mosque holds a shrine which is said to contain the head of John the Baptist (Yahya), honored as a prophet by Muslims and Christians alike. The head was supposedly found during the excavations for the building of the mosque. The tomb of Saladin stands in a small garden adjoining the north wall of the mosque.

In 2001, Pope John Paul II visited the mosque, primarily to visit the relics of John the Baptist. It was the first time a pope paid a visit to a mosque.

## Images 

Image:StJohnTheBaptistShrine Damascus 1943.jpg|The Shrine with the head of St. John the Baptist
Image:StJohnInUmmayad.jpg|John the Baptist (or Yahya)'s Shrine inside the Mosque
Image:Umayyad Mosque-Dome of the Treasury.jpg|The courtyard of the Mosque with the ancient Treasury (Beit al Mal)
Image:Syria, Damascus, The Umayyad Mosque.jpg
Syria, Damascus, The Umayyad Mosque, Islam in Syria.jpg
Damascus, Syria, The Umayyad Mosque, Great Mosque of Banu Umayya.jpg
Mehmet Ali Ağca

**Mehmet Ali Ağca** (born January 9, 1958) is a Turkish criminal. He is known for shooting and wounding Pope John Paul II on May 13, 1981. For this assassination attempt, he served 19 years of his life sentence in prison in Italy for attempted murder. In 2000, he was extradicted to Turkey, where he was convicted of two robberies he committed in 1979. He was sentenced to seven years four months for the robberies, and continued serving his sentence for the murder of Abdi İpekçi (1929-1979), a left-wing journalist whom he shot. Ağca has described himself as a mercenary with no political orientation. He has made many different claims about the shooting of the Pope. He used to be a member of the Turkish ultra-nationalist Grey Wolves organization. He was released on January 18, 2010 and diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder.

## References
Shrine

Shrine of Imam Hussain ibn Ali in Karbala, Iraq.]]
A **shrine** is a  or sacred place with something important inside it, such as the tomb or relic of a religious person. Shrines are built in the surroundings of the grave of pious men. These are built to show respect and love for the one who died. People visit the shrines to pray for themselves and also for the dead. Shrines are common in Muslim countries. However other countries also have shrines; in Japan, Shinto 'Jinja' are called shrines in English.

Originally, the word "shrine" referred to a reliquary, usually made of gold or silver and was used to store relics.

The most famous type of shrines are the Buddhist shrines
Embargo

An **embargo** is when a government refuses to trade with a country or a certain part of a country. This is usually because of a political problem inside the country. It differs from a blockade in not requiring a state of war or obliging other countries to stop trading. 

As with other economic sanctions, an embargo stops trade between countries. This means that the countries in question will get poorer.  The hope is that the problem within the country will stop.
Lourdes

**Lourdes** () is a town and commune in the southwest of the Hautes-Pyrénées department. It is in the first Pyrenean foothills in the Occitanie region, in southwestern France.

Lourdes was originally a small unremarkable market town lying in the foothills of the Pyrenees. At that time the most prominent feature was the fortified castle which rises up from the centre of the town on a rock. Following the claims that there were apparitions of Our Lady of Lourdes to Bernadette Soubirous in 1858, Lourdes has developed into a major place of Christian pilgrimage.

Today Lourdes has a population of around 15,000 inhabitants but is able to take in some 5,000,000 pilgrims and tourists every season. Lourdes has the second greatest number of hotels in France after Paris with about 270 establishments.

It is the joint seat of the diocese of Tarbes-et-Lourdes.

## Geography
Lourdes is overlooked from the south by the Pyrenean peaks of Aneto, Montaigu, and Vignemale (3,298m), while around the town there are three summits reaching up to 1,000 m, which are known as the Béout, the Petit Jer and the Grand Jer.

It has an area of  and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

## Population
The inhabitants of Lourdes are known, in French, as *Lourdais* (women: *Lourdaises*).

Lourdes has a population, in 2014, of 14,361, and its population density is of  inhabitants/km2.

## Images 

Image:Lourdes la citadelle.jpg|The Fort in Lourdes
Image:VirgendeLourdes.JPG|Statue of Our Lady of Lourdes in the Grotto
Image:Mosaic in the in the Rosary Basilica, Lourdes 2.JPG|Mosaic in the Rosary Basilica

## Related pages
* Arrondissement of Argelès-Gazost
* Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department

## References
## Other websites
* La Ville de Lourdes website 
* Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes 
* Lourdes tourism website
Palindromic prime

A **palindromical prime number** is a prime number that reads the same when reversed.

Palindromical prime numbers include:

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 101, 131, 151, 181, 191, 313, 353, 373, 383, 727, 757, 787, 797, 919, 929, 10301, 10501, 10601, 11311, 11411, 12421, 12721, 12821, 13331, 13831, 13931, 14341, 14741, 15451, 15551, 16061, 16361, 16561, 16661, 17471, 17971, 18181, 18481, 19391, 19891, and 19991.

Out of the above list, 2 is the only number that is not an odd number. Almost all palindromic numbers are composite, for any base.

11 is the only palindromic prime with an even number of digits because all palindromic numbers with an even number of digits can be divided by 11, which means they are not primes.

The palindromic prime numbers have an infinite number, one of them can be created based on Smarandache function, and, etc. The known biggest palindromic prime so far is

:101888529 - 10944264 - 1.
with 1,888,529 digits, found on 18 October 2021 by Propper and Batalov.

## References 
## Related pages
* Palindrome
* List of prime numbers
Havelland

**Havelland** is a district in Brandenburg, Germany.

## History 
The district was established in 1993 by joining the old districts of Nauen and Rathenow.

Havelland is the name for the regions on the banks of the Havel river between the city of Berlin and the Elbe river. This region also includes the cities of Brandenburg and Potsdam, that are not part of the district. The Havelland district mainly consists of the areas north of the Havel river.

## Coat of arms 
## Towns and municipalities 
## References 
## Other websites 
*Official website 
*Touristical website
Knock, County Mayo

**Knock** (*An Cnoc* in Irish, meaning *The Hill* – but now more generally known in Irish as *Cnoc Mhuire*, "Hill of (the Virgin) Mary") is a small town in east County Mayo in Ireland. Knock's notability comes from the Knock Shrine Apparition of 1879. At 8:00PM on 21 August 1879, it was reported that the Virgin Mary, together with St Joseph and St John the Evangelist, appeared to local people.

In the 20th century it became one of Europe's major Roman Catholic Marian shrines, alongside Lourdes and Fatima. One and a half million pilgrims visit Knock Shrine annually.  It was visited by Pope John Paul II, a supporter of devotion to the Virgin Mary, in 1979 to commemorate the centenary of the apparition.
Märkisch-Oderland

**Märkisch-Oderland** is a *Kreis* (district) in the eastern part of Brandenburg, Germany.

## Geography
Much of the district is mainly agricultural land, but there is a swampy area along the Oder called the *Oderbruch*. The Oderbruch is about  in length and  in width. It was partially drained in the 18th century, and people started to live in the new area.

## History
The districts of Lebus and Oberbarnim were both created in 1816. In 1952, the districts were split into three parts, the districts Bad Freienwalde, Seelow and Strausberg. In 1993 the three parts were joined to form the current district.

## Coat of arms 
## Towns and municipalities
## References 
## Other websites
* Official website
Oberhavel

**Oberhavel** is a *Kreis* (district) in the northern part of Brandenburg, Germany.

The district was formed  on 6 December 1993 by joining the old districts of Gransee and Oranienburg.

## Coat of arms 
## Towns and municipalities
## References
## Other websites
* website
Oberspreewald-Lausitz

**Oberspreewald-Lausitz** (Low Sorbian: *Wokrejs Górne Błota-Łužyca*) is a *Kreis* (district) in the southern part of Brandenburg, Germany.

## Geography 
The Spree river runs through the district; along its banks there is the Spreewald, a wooded area and home of several rare animals. The district is part of the historic region of Lusatia.

## History 
The district was made in 1993 by joining the old districts Calau and Senftenberg and small part of the district Bad Liebenwerda.

## Coat of arms 
## Towns and municipalities 
## References
## Other websites 
* Official website
Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Alexandria

The **Eastern Orthodox Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria and all Africa** is the head of the Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria. This has been Patriarch Theodore II of Alexandria since 2004.

## References
Bayonet

' OKC-3S Bayonet]]

A **bayonet** (from French *baïonnette*) is a knife- or dagger-shaped weapon. It is designed to be attached to a rifle barrel or similar weapon. This will turn the gun into a spear. It is a close-combat or last-resort weapon.

## Bayonet charge
18th and 19th century military tactics included the use of a bayonet fixed on the infantryman's musket. These were used with massed troop formations. One of the more notable of these was the *bayonet charge*. This was an attack by a formation of infantrymen with fixed bayonets, usually over short distances. It was to overrun enemy strong points, capture artillery batteries, or break up enemy troop formations.

With the use of the bayonet, the pike was no longer used because infantry could now defend themselves from cavalry without sacrificing firepower per man. The Russian Army used the bayonet frequently during the Napoleonic wars. A Russian saying coined by Russian General Alexander Suvorov was "The bullet is foolish, the bayonet wise". Given Russia's often poorly trained armies and inaccurate smoothbore muskets, Russian officers preferred to use the bayonet charge instead of musket volley fire where possible.

## References
Thomas Morley

**Thomas Morley** (born at Norwich?,  1557 or 1558; died at London, October 1602) was an English composer, music theorist and organist.  He was  the most important English composer of madrigals.  He studied the madrigals by Italian composers and  created the tradition of the English madrigal, a tradition that became extremely popular, but which only lasted about 30 years.

## Life
Morley’s father was a brewer who lived in Norwich, so it is likely that Morley was born there.  He may have been a choirboy in Norwich Cathedral.  We know that in 1583 he got the job of organist there.  In a book he published later in his life he said that William Byrd was his master.  If this means that he had lessons from Byrd he must have travelled away from Norwich.   In 1588 he got a degree from Oxford, and soon afterwards he became an organist at St. Paul's Cathedral in London.

In 1588 Nicholas Yonge published a book called  *Musica transalpina*.  It was a collection of Italian madrigals with words translated into English.  Soon after this Morley started to publish his own madrigals.  In 1592 he became a Gentleman of the Chapel Royal.

In London Morley lived near Shakespeare.  We do not know whether the two men worked together, but Morley did set Shakespeare’s words "It was a lover and his lass" from *As You Like It*.  We do not know whether it was ever used in a performance of Shakespeare's play.  It is quite possible, because Morley was well-known.

From 1593 onwards Morley published a great deal of music and also made a lot of money out of music publishing, both of his own and other composers’ music.

It is thought that Morley died in October 1602.

## His music
Morley wrote sacred music as well as madrigals.  His church music is strongly influenced by William Byrd.  

His madrigals are his most important works.  They are often very lively and have tunes that are easy to sing.  One of his best known madrigals is called *Now is the Month of Maying*.  He started by using the Italian style and changed it to make it sound English. The madrigals of Thomas Weelkes and John Wilbye are usually more serious. 

As well as madrigals, Morley wrote music for instruments, including keyboard music.  Some of his pieces are in the famous collection called *Fitzwilliam Virginal Book*). He also wrote music for the typically English combination of two viols, flute, lute, cittern and bandora.

Morley wrote a book about music theory called  *Plaine and Easie Introduction to Practicall Musicke*.  It was published in 1597 and was read by many people for two centuries after his death.  It tells us a lot about how music was performed in Morley’s
Veronica Guerin

**Veronica Guerin** (5 July 1959 - 26 June 1996) was an Irish journalist who was born in Dublin.

## Death
On June 26, 1996, Guerin was shot to death by Irish drug dealers. Her assassination made many Irish people angry, which brought down many drug dealers on the island. The criminal John Gilligan was later convicted of her murder and sentenced to 28 years in prison, though Gilligan said in High Court that it was his friend John Traynor who murdered Guerin.

## References
Space Shuttle Challenger

'*Space Shuttle *Challenger* (OV-099)*' was the second space shuttle used by NASA to fly into outer space. The shuttle broke up 73 seconds after take-off from Cape Canaveral on 28 January 1986.
All seven astronauts who were on it at the time were killed. The crash happened because a rubber tube called an o-ring did not expand to fill a gap in one of the booster rockets, due to cold weather.

The Challenger was named after a Royal Navy ship that explored the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans from 1872 to 1876. Challenger was also the name of the Apollo 17 Lunar Excursion Module.

## Crew 
* Francis "Dick" Scobee (46)
* Michael John Smith (40)
* Judith Resnik (36)
* Ellison Onizuka (39)
* Ronald McNair (35)
* Gregory Jarvis (41)
* Christa McAuliffe (37), first teacher in space

## Missions
## References
Skinny jeans

**Skinny jeans** are a style of denim jeans that have straight legs and tend to crumple around the ankles. They are called *skinny jeans* because they give you a thin figure. This style was started in the 1980s to make a retro-punk look. This style came to life again in late 2006 by Avril Lavigne in one of her music videos. They are usually used for a gothic-punk look or retroand hip-hop
John Wilbye

**John Wilbye** (pronounce: “WIL-bee”), (born Diss, Norfolk, baptised 7 March 1574; died Colchester, between September and November 1638), was an English composer who was famous for his madrigals.

Wilbye was the son of a tanner. He was supported financially by a rich family called Kytson. The Kytsons were very musical and had lots of musical instruments and sheet music in their house. It is thought that he went with Elizabeth Cornwallis to Hengrave Hall near Bury St. Edmunds in around 1594 when she married Sir Thomas Kytson the Younger. When Elizabeth died, Wilbye moved to Colchester where he lived with Elizabeth’s youngest daughter with whom he had a long friendship. When Wilbye died he was quite rich.

## His music 
A book of madrigals by him appeared in 1598 and a second in 1608. It is often called the finest book of English madrigals. There were a total of 64 madrigals in these two books.

Wilbye was influenced by Morley’s madrigals, and also learned directly from the madrigals of Italian composers such as Alfonso Ferrabosco. He wrote many madrigals which have become extremely popular, including *Weep, weep o mine eyes* and *Draw on, sweet night*. He was very good at making his music match the meaning of the words. He often used a mixture of major and minor modes.

## References 
* groves music online
Spree-Neiße

**Spree-Neiße** (Lower Sorbian: *Wokrejs Sprjewja-Nysa*) is a *Kreis* (district) in the southern part of Brandenburg, Germany. 
The district-free city of Cottbus is completely surrounded by the district. To the east is Poland.

The district was started in 1993 by joining the old districts Cottbus-Land, Forst, Guben and Spremberg.

## Coat of arms 
## Towns and municipalities
## References 
## Other websites
* Official website
Oder-Spree

**Oder-Spree** is a *Kreis* (district) in the eastern part of Brandenburg, Germany.

The district is named after the two major rivers in the district - the Spree, and the Oder river which is the eastern border.

## History
The district was created in 1993 by joining the districts of Eisenhüttenstadt, Beeskow and Fürstenwalde, and the independent city Eisenhüttenstadt.

## Coat of arms 
## Towns and municipalities
## References
## Other websites
* Official website 
* Website Beeskow 
* Website Eisenhüttenstadt 
* Website Fürstenwalde  
* Website Schöneiche
Teltow-Fläming

**Teltow-Fläming** is a *Kreis* (district) in the southwestern part of Brandenburg, Germany. The district was made in December 1993 by joining the old districts of Luckenwalde, Jüterbog and Zossen, but also including small parts from other former districts such as Luckau.

*Fläming-Skate* is a 160&nbsp;km long route specially for inline skating, the only such route in Germany.

Curiously, the town of Teltow is not a part of the district Teltow-Fläming, just as the town of Dahme is not a part of the district of Dahme-Spreewald.

## Coat of arms 
## Towns and municipalities
## References
## Other websites
* Official website 
* Fläming-Skate
Thomas Weelkes

**Thomas Weelkes** (baptised in Elsted, Sussex on 25 October 1576; died London, buried 1 December 1623) was an English composer and organist. He is one of the greatest composers of madrigals of his time as well as great composer of church music.

## Life
Thomas Weelkes was baptised in the little village church of Elsted in Sussex on 25 October, 1576.  His father, John Weeke may have been the rector at that church. There is no information about Weelkes' childhood.

We know that in 1597 he published his first volume of madrigals, and that he was a young man then. After working for a short time at the house of Edward Darcye, he got the job of organist at Winchester College in 1598. He was paid 13s 4d (almost 67p in modern money) per quarter (i.e. every three months), but was given food and somewhere to live. He stayed there for three or four years. 

During his time in Winchester, Weelkes composed two more volumes of madrigals, published in  1598 and 1600. He got his Bachelor of music degree from New College, Oxford in 1602, and moved to Chichester to take up the job of organist and choir master at the Cathedral. He was also a lay clerk at the Cathedral, and was paid £15 2s 4d (£15.11 in modern money) in addition to having food and lodgings. The next year he married Elizabeth Sandham, who came from a rich family. They had three children.

Weelkes' fourth and final volume of madrigals, published in 1608, has a title page where he says that he was a Gentleman of the Chapel Royal. However, his name does not appear in the records at the Chapel Royal, so it is likely that he was only there for a short time until someone else was found for the job.

In later years Weelkes got into trouble with the Chichester Cathedral authorities because of his heavy drinking and bad behaviour. In 1609 he was in trouble because he was absent from work. In 1616 he was in trouble again for swearing. In the end he lost his job because he was drunk at the organ and used bad language during the service. However, he got his job back, but his behaviour was still bad.

Thomas Weelkes died in London in 1623, a year after his wife died. He was buried in St Bride’s Church, Fleet Street, London. In Chichester Cathedral there is a memorial stone to him.

## Music
Thomas Weelkes is best known for his vocal music, especially his madrigals and church music. Weelkes wrote more Anglican services than any other important composer of the time, mostly for evensong. Many of his anthems are verse anthems, which would have suited the small choir he was writing for at Chichester Cathedral.

Weelkes was friends with the madrigalist Thomas Morley. When Morley died in 1602, Weelkes wrote an anthem called *A Remembrance of my Friend Thomas Morley*, (also known as "Death hath Deprived Me"). Weelkes’s madrigals are very chromatic and use counterpoint and unusual rhythms.

## References
Black knight

A **black knight** is a character fictional stories. They are soldiers or knights who do not have a lord, or the lord is secret. They do not have any heraldic standards or have painted them over with black paint. In these stories, black knights are usually evil knights that are good at fighting and usually work alone. 

In Arthurian legend Black Knight was a magical knight summoned by Sir Calogrenant. The Black Knight never told his name. He defeated Sir Calogrenant. Later The Black Knight was killed unfairly by Yvain in a act of revenge for his cousin, Sir Calogrenant.
Uckermark

**Uckermark** is a *Kreis* (district) in the northeastern part of Brandenburg, Germany. The district is the largest district in Germany.

The current district Uckermark was made in 1993 by joining the old districts of Angermünde, Prenzlau and Templin and the city of Schwedt.

## Coat of arms 
## Towns and municipalities
## References
## Other websites
* Official website 
* Touristical website  
* city-map and Internet Market Place  
* online-shop for specialities and arts and crafts
Black Knight (disambiguation)

A **Black Knight** is a knight who does not serve a lord.

**Black Knight** can also mean:
*Black Knight (Arthurian legend), any of several knights clad in black armor in Arthurian legend
*Black Knight (comics), the name of several characters in the Marvel Comics universe
*Black Knight (Monty Python), character in the movie *Monty Python and the Holy Grail*
**The Black Knight* (1954 movie), a movie starring Alan Ladd
**Black Knight* (movie), a 2001 movie starring Martin Lawrence
*Black Knight (rocket), part of the British rocketry program in the 1950s
*The Black Knights (band), an underground hiphop group
*Knight of Glin, an Irish hereditary title
*Black Knight (Unmanned Combat Vehicle), unmanned vehicle designed by BAE Systems
Ostprignitz-Ruppin

**Ostprignitz-Ruppin** is a *Kreis* (district) in the northwestern part of Brandenburg, Germany.

The modern district was made in 1993 by joining the old  districts Kyritz, Neuruppin and Wittstock. The district roughly covers the same territory as the two historic districts Ostprignitz and Ruppin.
## Coat of arms 
## Towns and municipalities
## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Hans Sebald Beham

'', 1543]]

**Sebald Beham** (1500–1550) was a German printmaker who did his best work as an engraver. He also designed woodcuts, painted and worked as a miniaturist. He is one of the most important of the "Little Masters", a group of German artists making old master prints in the generation after Albrecht Dürer.

His name is often given as **Hans Sebald Beham**, although there is no documentary evidence that he ever used this  additional forename.

## Life 
Beham was born in Nuremberg in 1500 into a family of artists. In 1525, he and his brother were banished from Nuremberg because they were thought to have not accepted the Churches ideas (heresy) and blasphemy. They came back to the city in 3 months, but Beham was banished again in 1528 for publishing a book which was plagiarised from an unpublished manuscript by Albrecht Dürer.

From 1532 he lived mostly in Frankfurt until he died in 1550.

Most people know him as "Sebald Beham". However, he signed some of his prints before 1532 with "HSP". After he moved to Frankfurt, he signed his prints with "HSB".

## Work 
Beham made about 252 engravings, 18 etchings and 1500 woodcuts. He worked on small, very detailed engravings (sometimes as small as a postage stamp). This makes him part of the German printmaking school called the "Little Masters", since their works were so small. He created and published his works himself, but his larger works were mostly commissioned work to be sold.

He also made prints to be used as cards, wallpaper, coats of arms, designs for other artists and designs for stained or painted glass. He also painted a table top (now in the Louvre ) for Cardinal Albrecht, Archbishop of Mainz.

Beham mostly engraved pictures of peasants and scenes from myths or history, sometimes with erotic scenes as well. Since he was working at the same time as Dürer, the most recognised artist at the time, one of his early woodcuts, "Head of Christ", was thought to have been done by Dürer. Beham also worked with his brother Barthel, and shared ideas with him. Later, he re-drew some of Dürer's works like gus Melancholia of 1539.

### Books 
After publishing a book about drawing horses, for which he was exiled, he wrote a book on drawing the human figure. His book was mostly just a simplified book of Dürer's own books, but his book was easier to use and cheaper than Dürer's books, so artists preferred to buy his.

## Other websites 
* Links to online images of prints by Beham 
* Hans Sebald Beham at Artcyclopedia
## References
Paladin

A **paladin** or **paladine** was a person with a lot of power in many countries during the medieval and in early modern Europe.

The word paladin was first used in Ancient Rome for a chamberlain of the Emperor, and also for the imperial palace guard, called the Scholae Palatinae by Constantine. In the early Middle Ages, the meaning changed and the word was used for one of the highest officials of the Catholic Church in the pope's service and also for one of the big nobles of the Holy Roman Empire, who was then named Count Palatine. The word paladin was also used in 19th century Hungary and in the German Empire and United Kingdom during the early 20th century.

In medieval literature, the paladins or Twelve Peers were known in the Matter of France as the retainers of Charlemagne. Because of the way that this word was used in books, paladin was then known to be a knight with honor.

## History
### Ancient Rome
The paladins of the imperial guard were named after the Scholae Palatinae.

In the beginning, the word paladin was applied to the Chamberlains and to some soldiers guarding the palace of the Roman emperor. In Constantine's time, the word was also used for the best infantry of the army, the Praetorian Guard, that might guard the Roman Emperor during wars.

### Holy Roman Empire
After the Middle Ages, the word palatine was put onto many different people of power across Europe. The most important of these was the *comes palatinus*, the count palatine, who in Merovingian and Carolingian times, was an official of the lords' household and court of law.

During the 800s, Carolingean rule came to an end and the title of Holy Roman emperor with it. About a century later, the title was made alive again by Otto I, though the new empire was now centered in Germany rather than France. The term palatine is found again under Charles IV, but they were less powerful than the previous palatines.

### Modern usage
In the early days of England, the word *palatinate*, or county palatine, was also used in counties of lords who could use powers normally used by the crown.

In Britain and Germany, paladin was an official rank and was a very good title for one in the service of the emperors. It was a Knight with additional honours, they were allowed to use powers normally used by the crown.

## Present day
The word "paladin" is still used to describe a good, heroic person, or a defender of a good cause.

Some role playing games now use paladins as a character class that you can choose when starting a new game.

## References
Shurat Islam

**Shurat Islam** (Arabic: شُرَُیَعَتْ اِسْلَاَمْ), formerly known as **Kharijites** (Arabic: عَلْخَوَاَرِجْ), was a branch of Islam that was one of the three main branches of Islam, along with Shia Islam and Sunni Islam. Though the branch has no followers today, the Ibadi movement is seen as a moderate form of Shurat Islam. However, Ibadis deny being Shuratis.

Initially, Muslims were divided into two groups: Sunni Muslims and Shia Muslims. After Caliph Uthman died, Ali and Muawiya I fought each other. The Shurati Muslims then emerged and did not pledge allegiance to Ali or Muawiya I. Rather, the Shuratis decided to attack Ali and Muawiya I's followers and takfir them (declare that they were no longer Muslims).

Sometimes, the term *Kharijite* (or *Neo-Kharijite*) is also used for some Islamic militant groups like the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria and the Takfir wal-Hijra in Egypt.

## References
Prignitz

**Prignitz** () is a *Kreis* (district) in the northwestern part of Brandenburg, Germany.

The present district was formed in 1993 by joining the old districts of Pritzwalk and Perleberg and some municipalities from the district of Kyritz. The westernmost part of the district was a part of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, and changed to be part of Brandenburg on August 1, 1992.

## Coat of arms 
## Towns and municipalities
## References
## Other websites
*Official website
*Portal site for Prignitz