open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
TD Ameritrade

**TD Ameritrade** is a company that lets customers buy and sell stocks and other financial securities. It has headquarters in Omaha, Nebraska.

The company received its current name in January 2006, when Ameritrade Holding Corporation acquired TD Waterhouse from Toronto-Dominion Bank and was renamed TD Ameritrade.

## History 
In 1975, the company was founded as First Omaha Securities by Joe Ricketts. In 1983, Ameritrade Clearing Inc. was established as a central counterparty clearing broker. In 1988, the company introduced the first quote and order entry system via the push-button telephone.

In March 1997, the company became a public company via an initial public offering. In 2006, Ameritrade purchased the American operations of TD Waterhouse from TD Bank Group. The combined company was renamed TD Ameritrade, and TD Bank Group was given a 39% stake in the company. As part of the deal, Ameritrade sold its Canadian operations to TD Bank who merged them with TD Waterhouse Canada.

In January 2009, TD Ameritrade acquired thinkorswim in a cash and stock deal valued around $606 million. In 2013, the company opened a $250 million headquarters in Omaha. In 2017, the company acquired the stock brokerage division of Scottrade. In April 2018, TD Ameritrade and Havas placed the first advertisement inserted within the bitcoin blockchain.

## References
Fortune 500

The **Fortune 500** is a list of the companies in the United States with the most revenue.  It is created by *Fortune* magazine.  The first list was published in 1955.

## References
Fortune (magazine)

**Fortune** is a magazine that talks about business topics. It publishes the Fortune 500 list of the companies in the United States with the most revenue.
Lil Uzi Vert

**Symere Bysil Woods** (born July 31, 1995), known professionally as **Lil Uzi Vert,** is an American rapper, singer, and songwriter. They are characterized by their facial tattoos, facial piercings, eccentric hairstyles and androgynous fashion, imagery built on a melodic emo approach to trap.

## Career
Woods first received attention after releasing the single, *Money Longer*. It peaked at number 92 on *Billboard* Hot 100. Since then, they have continued to release projects such as *Luv Is Rage*, *Lil Uzi Vert vs. the World*, *The Perfect Luv Tape*, and *Luv Is Rage 2*. Four of their songs from these projects have reached the Billboard Hot 100. Their album *Luv is Rage 2* debuted at number one on the Billboard 200. They were featured on the number one charting single *Bad and Boujee* by rap trio Migos.

## Personal life
Woods was in a relationship with fashion designer Brittany Byrd from 2014 to 2017. Byrd moved from California to attend the Parsons School of Design, where she was studying when she met Woods. On June 26, 2017, Woods and Byrd broke up. Woods introduced it with a song titled "Stole Your Luv".

Woods has been in a relationship with JT of the hip hop duo City Girls since 2019.

In July 2022, Woods changed their pronouns from "he/him" to "they/them" on Instagram. It was later confirmed by their spokesperson in a statement to *Pitchfork*.

## Discography 
* *Purple Thoughtz EP, Part 1* (2014)
* *The Real Uzi* (2014)
* *Luv Is Rage* (2015)
* *Lil Uzi Vert vs. the World* (2016)
* *The Perfect Luv Tape* (2016)
* *1017 vs the World* (with Gucci Mane) (2016)
* *Luv Is Rage 1.5* (2017)
* *Luv Is Rage 2* (2017)
* *Eternal Atake* (2020)
* *Eternal Atake (Deluxe)* (2020)
* *Pluto x Baby Pluto* (featuring Future) (2020)
* *Red & White* (2022)
* *Pink Tape* (2023)
* Eternal atake 2 (2024)

## Awards and nominations
### Grammy Awards
## References
Gert Timmerman

**Gerrit "Gert" Timmerman** (8 June 1935 in Oldenzaal &ndash; 28 October 2017 in Overdinkel) was a Dutch singer and musician from the Province of Overijssel. He was a baritone, and played the saxophone, the clarinet, the keyboard and the double bass.

His best known hits were "Nimm deine weiße Gitarre" (1963), "Ik heb eerbied voor jouw grijze haren" (1963), "Een moederhart, een gouden hart" (1964), "De schommelstoel" (1965), and "Brandend zand" (1970).

He married Hermien van der Weide (also from the Province of Overijssel) in 1963. As *"Gert and Hermien"* they were a very popular musical duo for many years.

Timmerman and his wife became Christians in 1974. After their conversion they started a Christian musical career but later on they returned to their previous career.

They divorced in 1999. He remarried another woman in 2002. Hermien died in 2003.

Gert died of pancreatic cancer in 2017, at the age of 82.

## References
## Other websites
*
Tony Madigan

, Tony Madigan, Muhammad Ali and Zbigniew Pietrzykowski]]
**Antony Morgan "Tony" Madigan** (4 February 1930 – 29 October 2017) was an Australian boxer and rugby player. He competed in boxing at the 1952, 1956 and 1960 Olympics and finished in fifth, fifth and third place. 

In 1960 Madigan lost his semifinal to Muhammad Ali.  He also won medals at three Commonwealth Games in the light-heavyweight division – a silver in 1954 and gold in 1958 and 1962.

Madigan was the 2010 addition for the Australian National Boxing Hall of Fame Veterans category.

Madigan died in France on 29 October 2017 of complications from pneumonia at the age of 87.

## References
## Other websites
*Australian Olympic Committee Biography
*Madigan – The Man Who Fought Ali Twice, and Lived to Tell the Tale by Robert Messenger, 2016
*Tony Madigan Boxing Results
Denise P. Barlow

**Denise P. Barlow** (31 January 1950 – 21 October 2017) was a British geneticist. She was born in Yorkshire. She worked in the field of epigenomics. 

Barlow was an elected member of European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO), an honorary professor of genetics at the University of Vienna and received the Erwin Schrödinger Prize of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in 2014. Her discovery of the first mammalian imprinted gene, IGF2R, which codes for the insulin-like growth factor was her best known work.

Barlow died of pancreatic cancer in Vienna, Austria on 21 October 2017 at the age of 67.

## References
United States presidential elections in Hawaii

Below is a table of all **United States presidential elections in Hawaii** since it became a state in 1959.

Hawaii has historically been a strong "blue" state, voting Democrat in 14 out of 16 of their presidential elections.

## Table 
* Candidates in **bold** won the state of Hawaii in the election.

### Overall party comparison 
## Related pages 
* United States presidential election
La zona

**La zona** is a Spanish TV-series produced by Movistar+ for #0. It first episode was aired on 27th October 2017.

## Plot 
After a nuclear accident in Asturias, a vast exclusion zone was set up to contain the risk of radioactive propagation. A series of murders leads Héctor Uría (*Eduard Fernández*), the police chief who survived the catastrophe, to embark on an investigation to find the culprit.

## Cast 
* Eduard Fernández as Inspector Héctor Uría
* Emma Suárez as Marta Carcedo
* Alexandra Jiménez as Julia Martos
* Tamar Novas as Ricardo
* Álvaro Cervantes as Martín Garrido
* Marina Salas as Esther
* Sergio Peris-Mencheta as Aurelio Barrero
* Manolo Solo as Alfredo Asunción
* Inma Cuevas as Fabiana 
* Juan Echanove as Fausto
* Carlos Bardem as Mateo Jiménez "Krusty"
* Luis Zahera as 
* Alba Galocha as Zoe Montero

## References 
## Other websites
*
Lil Yachty

**Miles Parks McCollum** (born August 23, 1997), known professionally as **Lil Yachty**, is an American rapper and singer from Atlanta.

## Career
McCollum first received attention in August 2015 for his single "One Night". It peaked at number 49 on the Billboard Hot 100. Since then he has released four projects, *Lil Boat*, *Summer Songs*, *Summer Songs 2*, and *Teenage Emotions*. *Teenage Emotions* peaked at number 5 on the US Billboard 200. He has also appeared on ''KYLE's* *iSpy'' and DRAM's *Broccoli*. *iSpy* reached number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 and *Broccoli* reached number 5.

## References
Seismic wave

**Seismic waves** are vibrating movement of the ground. Seismic waves can be caused by underground explosions, volcanic eruptions and man-made explosions that can vibrate the ground. Seismic waves go through the Earth’s layers. The speed of seismic waves depends on the type of materials they meet. When they meet different kind of material, they bounce or go in different directions. Seismic waves can be detected by seismographs.

## Causes 
Seismic waves are caused by earthquakes, underground explosions, volcanic eruptions and man-made explosions that can vibrate the ground. When earthquakes occur, they release energy in a form of seismic waves. Seismic waves make the ground vibrating to all directions from the starting point of the earthquake.

## Types 
Seismic waves are divided into two main types of waves, body waves and surface waves. Body waves go through the Earth, and surface waves go along the Earth’s surface.:40

### Body Waves 
Body waves travel through the Earth’s interior. Body waves are divided into two types, primary waves and secondary waves.

#### Secondary Waves (S-waves) 
Secondary waves arrive after primary waves. That’s why we call them ‘secondary’. We can know about the Earth’s layer through seismic waves.

## References
Ilaiyaraaja

**Ilayaraaja** is a famous film composer and singer in South Indian cinema especially in Tamil cinema. Ilaiyaraaja is also an instrumentalist, conductor, singer, and songwriter. He has composed more than 6000 songs and provided film music or movie soundtrack for more than 1000 films, particularly being famous for his background music.

Ilayaraaja introduced Western type of music into the Tamil cinema.He is also known for creating music by fusing symphonic orchestration with traditional Indian instrumentation.In 1993 he organised a full symphony performed by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra in London and thus became the First Indian to compose a full symphony, with Ravi Shankar being the only other Indian to do so. He is also the first Asian to compose a full symphony performed by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. He has won five Indian National Film Awards (the highest film honor in India); three for Best Music Direction and two for Best Background Score. In 2010 he has received Padma Bhushan, awarded by the Government of India.
He is usually referred to by the title **Isaignani** (), or as *The Maestro*. Ilaiyaraja is a gold medalist in classical guitar from Trinity College of Music, London. In 2003, according to an international poll conducted by BBC, more than half-a million people from 165 countries voted his composition *Rakkamma Kaiya Thattu* from the 1991 film *Thalapathi* as fourth in the world's top 10 most popular songs of all time.

In 2015, he was also honoured with the Centenary Award for lifetime achievement at the 46th International Film Festival of India (IFFI) at Panaji, Goa. On December 31, 2015, he was nominated by the Kerala Government for Nishagandi Puraskaram, the top award conferred by the Kerala Government's Tourism Ministry, for his artistic excellence and contributions to the Indian film industry.

In a poll conducted by CNN-IBN celebrating 100 years of Indian cinema in 2013, Ilaiyaraaja was voted as the greatest music composer of India with a maximum of 49%.

## Early life and family
Ilaiyaraaja was born as Gnanathesikan in 1943 in a normal middle-class family in Pannaipuram, Theni district, Tamil Nadu, India. When he joined the school his father changed his name as "Rajaiya" but his village people used to call him as "Raasayya". Ilaiyaraaja joined Dhanraj Master as a student to learn musical instruments and the master renamed and called him as just "Raaja". In his first movie *Annakili*, Tamil film producer Panchu Arunachalam added "Ilaiya" (Ilaiya means younger in Tamil language) as prefix in his name Raaja and he named as "Ilaiyaraaja" because in the 1970s there was one more music director A. M. Rajah who was a popular one.

Ilaiyaraaja was married to Jeeva and the couple have three children—Karthik Raja, Yuvan Shankar Raja and Bhavatharini—all film composers and singers. His wife Jeeva died on 31 October 2011. Ilaiyaraaja has a brother Gangai Amaran, who is also a music director and lyricist in Tamil film industry.
## References
Vadivelu

**Kumaravadivel Natarajan** (born 12 January 1960), known professionally as **Vadivelu**, is an Indian actor, comedian and playback singer, having acted in supporting and lead roles in Tamil cinema. He became known for his slapstick comedies and has acted in over 200 movies.

Vadivelu received awards in the Best Comedian category for his performances in Kaalam Maari Pochu (1996), Vetri Kodi Kattu (2000), Thavasi (2001), Chandramukhi (2005), Imsai Arasan 23m Pulikesi (2006), Marudhamalai (2007) and Kathavarayan (2008) Velayudham (2011) . His popularity led to his media-coined nickname, Vaigai Puyal, meaning "the storm from the Vaigai River", which flows through his hometown of Madurai.

## Biography 
He started his career in Tamil cinema as a side-comedian along with the Tamil cinema's most famous duo of Goundamani and Senthil. Vadivelu rose as a renowned actor from the movie Kadhalan (1998), although his debut is in En Thangai Kalyani of T.Rajendar.

Some of his most famous movies are Friends, Bharathi Kannamma, Vetri Kodi Kattu, Winner, Giri, Thalainagaram, Marudhamalai and Chandramukhi. The actor played the lead in the blockbuster Imsai Arasan 23am Pulikesi (2006) where he played a dual role of twin brothers. His next movie in a lead role was Indiralogathil Na Azhagappan (2008), which was however a big failure.

After the 2011 Legislative Assembly election fight between Vijayakanth, leader of DMDK and Vadivelu in which he was severely criticized for his public speeches that heavily alleged Vijayakanth, he took rest for two years from media appearance since his rival and his alliance won the election. He signed up to play a double role in the movie Tenaliraman, his third movie as hero. The movie did decent business at the box office.

## Vadivelu filmography
## References
P-value

In statistics, a '''*p*-value'* is the probability that the null hypothesis (the idea that a theory being tested is false) gives for a specific experimental result to happen.  *p*-value is also called **probability value**.  If the *p*-value is low, the null hypothesis is unlikely, and the experiment has statistical significance as evidence for a different theory.

In many fields, an experiment must have a *p''-value of less than 0.05 for the experiment to be considered evidence of the alternative hypothesis. In short, a low p-value means a higher chance of the null hypothesis being false.
Fort Provintia

**Fort Provintia** is a defense base in Tainan, a city in south Taiwan, built by the Dutch in 1653, and now a historic site.

## History
### The Dutch Era (1624~1662) 
In 1624, the Dutch colonized southern Taiwan in order to trade with mainland China. Before the fort was built, the place was a center of commercial trade. The fort was built by the Dutch to prevent another rebellion after the local people, led by Guo Huai-yi, went against the Dutch in 1652. The fort was still used as a trade center. The Dutch made the fort with red bricks and mortar, which were a mixture of water, sugar, sticky rice and oyster shells.

### The Zheng Era (1662~1683) 
In 1662,  Koxinga, the ruler of Zheng dynasty,expelled the Dutch, and the fort was used as his government with the new name Chen-Tien Fu. In 1664, the fort was abandoned as a place of government and was used as a place to store gunpowder.

### The Japanese Era (1895~1945) 
In 1895, the Qing lost the First Sino-Japanese War and gave away the territory of Taiwan to Japan. The Japanese began to use the fort as an army hospital. In 1944, the Japanese began to restore the buildings including the walls that the Dutch had built, the Hai-Shen Temple, the Wunchang Pavilion and the Penghu Academy.

### After 1945 
After WWII, Japan retreated from Taiwan. Then the fort was renamed Chihkan Tower and became an exhibition center. In 1960, the imperial tortoise statues and the stone monuments with historical records from the Great South Gate, part of the original 14 gates of the Tainan City Wall, were moved to the south Chihkan Tower.

## References
*
+ (album)

***+*** (pronounced "plus") is the first studio album by English artist Ed Sheeran. The album was released on September 9, 2011. It is considered to be Sheeran's breakthrough into the music industry.

## Reception
*+* received mostly positive reviews from critics on release. The album was on the UK Album Charts at no. 1. It became Triple Platinum certified, with over 1,958,000 copies being sold. This makes it the sixth best-selling album of the 2010s and the 44h best-selling album of the 21st century. The albums two preceding singles—*The A Team* and ''You Need Me, I Don't Need You''— peaked at No. 3 and No. 4 on the UK Singles Chart.

## References
Erie County, New York

**Erie County** is a county in the state of New York in the United States. As of the 2020 census, 954,236 people lived there. The county seat is Buffalo.

The cities of Lackawanna and Tonawanda are in Erie County.

Erie County is home to the Buffalo Bills football team, the Buffalo Sabres hockey team, and the Buffalo Bandits lacrosse team.

## References
Chusquea

***Chusquea*** is a genus of evergreen bamboos in the grass family. Most of them are native to mountain habitats in Latin America, from  Mexico to southern Chile and Argentina.

They are sometimes referred to as **South American mountain bamboos**. Unlike most other grasses, the stems of these species are solid, not hollow. Some animals are associated with stands of *Chusquea*, for example the Inca wren and the plushcap.

## Notable species
*Chusquea culeou*, the colihue cane, from southern Chile and western Argentina, is notable as the most frost-tolerant South American bamboo and the only one that has been grown successfully to any extent in the temperate Northern Hemisphere, with successful growth as an ornamental plant north to Scotland. The colihue cane was used by the Mapuches Indians to make instruments and as lances during the War of Arauco.

*Chusquea quila* (in Spanish *quila*), in contrast to Colihue, has a spreading or vining growth. It prefers wet places and does not grow above , where *C.&nbsp;coleou* becomes more dominant. *Chusquea quila* can form pure stands called *quilantales*. Very few plants can grow under this species.
## Taxonomy
The genus *Chusquea* now includes species formerly classified in *Dendragrostis*, *Rettbergia,* *Swallenochloa*, and *Neurolepis.*  The genus has been organized into three subgenera, subg. *Rettbergia*, subg. *Swallenochloa* and subg. *Chusquea*, although molecular evidence only supports a monophyletic subg. *Rettbergia*.

;Species

## References
National Deep Fried Clams Day

**National Deep Fried Clams Day** is a national holiday celebrating the process of deep frying and consuming clams.
The holiday is observed on November 1st every year. It is common for people to cook and serve clams on this day.

## History 
The first deep fried clams were made in Essex, Massachusetts, on July 3rd, 1916. The creator, Lawrence Henry Woodman, owned a small restaurant where he sold the fried clams to passersby. The food quickly spread around the country and gained attention. Today, National Deep Fried Clams Day is celebrated on November 1st. It is unknown why it is this day rather than July 3rd.

## Customs 
It is customary to deep fry and serve clams on this day, battering and breading them to form a dish of "clam strips." As well as this, a more modern method of celebrating is to post #DeepFriedClamsDay on social media.

## Other holidays celebrated on November 1st 
* National Family Literacy Day
* National Go Cook for your Pets Day
* All Saints Day
* National Authors' Day
* National Brush Day
* Prime Meridian Day
* National Vinegar Day
* National Eating Healthy Day

## Other websites
* https://nationaldaycalendar.com/national-deep-fried-clams-day-november-1/
Arthrostylidium schomburgkii

***Arthrostylidium schomburgkii*** is a species of *Arthrostylidium* bamboo in the grass family. The species are native to Central America, the West Indies, northern South America, and southern Mexico.

## References
Pontresina

**Pontresina** () is a municipality of the district Maloja in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Pontresina Website
Kim Joo-hyuk

**Kim Joo-hyuk** (; 3 October 1972 – 30 October 2017) was a South Korean actor. He was born in Seoul, South Korea.

Kim was known for his leading roles in the movies *My Wife Got Married* (2008), *The Servant* (2010) and *Yourself and Yours* (2016). He was known for his roles on the television series *Lovers in Prague* (2005), *God of War* (2012), *Hur Jun, The Original Story* (2013) and *Argon* (2017). Also, he was a regular member of the TV show 2 Days and 1 Night, which gave him the his best-known nickname “Brother Gutaeng”(구탱이형).

Kim was killed in a car crash near Seoul after suffering a heart attack behind the wheel on 30 October 2017 at the age of 45.

## References
## Other websites
* Kim Ju-hyeok at Namoo Actors 
*
Shimmer and Shine

***Shimmer and Shine*** is an animated television series created by Farnaz Esnaashari-Charmatz. It airs on Nickelodeon in the United States and on Treehouse in Canada. The series premiered on August 24, 2015. The show was based on an unreleased pilot from September 2013.

On February 11, 2016, it was announced that *Shimmer and Shine* was renewed for a second season that uses CGI animation. On June 21, 2016, *Shimmer and Shine* was renewed for a third season. Shimmer and Shine are 2 genies who grant wishes and try to solve problems and the evil Zeta  with the help of their human friends Leah and Zac.

## References
Melanmai Ponnusamy

**Melanmai Ponnusamy** (, 1951 – 30 October 2017) was a Tamil writer and journalist. He was born in Melanmarainadu, Tamil Nadu, India. He was a Marxist by political orientation and a member of Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI-M). His first short story was published in 1972 in the literary journal *Semmalar*. He wrote columns for *Ananda Vikatan* and *Kalki*.

Ponnusamy died of a heart attack in Tamil Nadu on 30 October 2017 at the age of 66.

## References
Katalin Szőke

**Katalin Szőke** (17 August 1935 – 27 October 2017) was a Hungarian swimmer. She competed at the 1952 Olympics and won two gold medals, in the 100 m and 4 × 100 m freestyle events. She was born in Budapest. During her career Szőke set four world records. In 1985 she was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame.

Szőke died on 27 October 2017 in Los Angeles, California at the age of 82.

## References
Josaphat-Robert Large

**Josaphat-Robert Large** (November 15, 1942 &ndash; October 28, 2017) was a Haitian-American poet, novelist and art critic. His novel, *Les terres entourées de larmes* (*Shore surrounded with tears*) won the Prix littéraire des Caraïbes (Caribbean literary Prize) in 2003. He was born in Jérémie, Haiti. Large was a member of La Société des Gens de Lettres de France (Society of French intellectuals) and of the PEN Club America.

Large died of cancer in New York City on October 28, 2017 at the age of 74.

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America

## References
Dennis Banks

**Dennis Banks** (April 12, 1937 &ndash; October 29, 2017) was a Native American leader, teacher, lecturer, activist, actor and author. He was an Anishinaabe born on Leech Lake Indian Reservation in northern Minnesota. Banks was also known as **Nowa Cumig**. His name in the Ojibwe language means "In the Center of the Universe". He was a longtime leader of the American Indian Movement, which he co-founded in 1968 with Native Americans in Minneapolis.

Banks had roles in the movies *War Party* (1988), *The Last of the Mohicans* (1992), *Thunderheart* (1992), and *Older Than America* (2008).

In August 2016, Banks received the vice presidential 2016 election nomination of the Peace and Freedom Party, a socialist political party with ballot access in California. He appeared on the California ballot with presidential nominee Gloria La Riva.

Banks died of complications from pneumonia on October 29, 2017 in Rochester, Minnesota at the age of 80.

## References
## Other websites
* Nowa Cumig Institute 
* SacredRun, 2007 
* Still Strong
* 
*
James D. Martin

**James Douglas Martin** (September 1, 1918 &ndash; October 30, 2017) was an American businessman and Republican politician. He was born in Tarrant, Alabama. He served a single term in the United States House of Representatives from 1965 to 1967.

His 1962 campaign for the United States Senate against the Democrat J. Lister Hill was the first serious showing by a member of his party in Alabama since Reconstruction.

The James D. Martin Wildlife Park at U.S. Highway 411 in Gadsden is named in his honor.

Martin died in Gadsden, Alabama of congestive heart failure on October 30, 2017 at the age of 99.

## References
## Other websites
*James Douglas Martin 
*The Political Graveyard
Linda Nochlin

**Linda Nochlin** (*née* **Weinberg**; January 30, 1931 – October 29, 2017) was an American art historian and feminist. She was a Professor Emerita of Modern Art at New York University Institute of Fine Arts. She was also a essayist. A well known feminist art historian, she became well known for her pioneering 1971 article "Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?". She was born in New York City.

Nochlin studied at Vassar College, Columbia University and at New York University.

Nochlin was the co-curator of a number of landmark exhibitions exploring the history and achievements of female artists. Her works include "Global Feminisms" at the Brooklyn Museum and "Women Artists: 1550-1950" (with Ann Sutherland Harris) at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.

Nochlin died at age 86 on October 29, 2017.

## References
Boomerang (Central and Eastern Europe)

Boomerang was a television channel, which broadcasts cartoons, from the Hanna-Barbera and Warner Bros. Animation library. This was the variant of the channel that was broadcast in countries part of Central and Eastern Europe, such as Romania, Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, the Adria nations, Russia and CIS countries. Since November 2014, it broadcasted on all providers in the Netherlands and the Flanders region of Belgium. In the Netherlands and Flanders, it was offered with a Dutch soundtrack as well.

## History
### Original launch
The two feeds was launched in December 2005.

On 12 October 2011, the Boomerang (Central and Eastern Europe) was launched and was available in 4 audio versions: Romanian, English, Polish and Hungarian.   
On 12 June 2012, it was launched in Russia.
On 30 January 2015, it was available in Bulgaria and in Baltic countries and in Balkans.
On 30 September 2015, Boomerang was launched on Freesat in Czech Republic.
On 18 March 2023, Boomerang (Central and Eastern Europe) was launched as Cartoonito (Central and Eastern Europe). 

## Programming
## Boomerang Cinema
### Current movies
* *Alpha and Omega 3: The Great Wolf Games*
* *The Lasagna Tree*

### Former movies
* ''Yogi's Ark Lark*
* *Top Cat and the Beverly Hills Cats''

## Cartoonito
Cartoonito was a programming block targeting preschoolers. It aired weekday from 5:30 AM to 12:30 PM and early afternoons before the Cartoonito branding was phased out entirely in 2014, when Cartoonito merged with Boomerang's schedule. But in September 2022, Cartoonito has returned as channel slot. Shows that aired on the block were:
* *Baby Looney Tunes*
* *Bananas in Pajamas*
* *Cartoonito Tales*
* *Firehouse Tales*
* *Gerald McBoing Boing*
* *Jelly Jamm*
* *Krypto the Superdog*
* *LazyTown*
* *Paddington Bear*
* *The Ha! Ha! Hairies*

## Logos

Boomerang tv logo (2004-2015).svg|5 June 2005 – 2 February 2015
Boomerang tv logo.png|2 February 2015 – 18 March 2023

## Related pages
*Boomerang (TV channel)

## Other websites
*Hungarian Official Site
*Polish Official Site
*Romanian Official Site
*Russian Official Site 
*Dutch Official Site
Artturi Ilmari Virtanen

**Artturi Ilmari Virtanen** (January 15, 1895 – November 11, 1973) was a Finnish biochemist. He received the 1945 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method".

He was born in Helsinki, Russian Empire (now Finland) and died in Helsinki.

## References
Daniel Te'o-Nesheim

'''Daniel Te'o-Nesheim** (; born **Daniel Nesheim''', June 12, 1987 – October 29, 2017) was a Samoan American football defensive end. He was drafted by the Philadelphia Eagles in the third round of the 2010 NFL Draft. He played college football at Washington. He was born in Pago Pago, American Samoa.

On October 30, 2017, Te'o-Nesheim was reported to have died at the age of 30. After his death, an autopsy revealed that Te'o-Nesheim had been suffering from chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).

## References
Polo Hofer

**Urs Alfred "Polo" Hofer** (16 March 1945 – 22 July 2017) was a Swiss musician. He was known for his work in the field of Swiss German pop and rock music. He was born in Interlaken, Switzerland.

Hofer composed and sang in Bernese German, and was one of the most popular protagonists of Swiss-German rock and pop music, so-called *Mundartrock*. Co-founding the then popular Swiss rock groups *Rumpelstilz* and *Schmetterband*, Hofer published 18 music albums and composed about 350 songs.

Hofer died on 22 July 2017 at the age of 72.

## References
## Other websites
*  
*
Aterno-Pescara

The **Aterno-Pescara** () is the longest river in the Abruzzo region and the one with the largest watershed,  of the rivers that flow into the Adriatic Sea south of the Reno river.

The river starts as Aterno on the *Monti della Laga* (a mountain range in the central Apennines) flowing mainly through the provinces of L'Aquila and Pescara; it also flows through the Chieti but only for a short distance. In the *comune* of Popoli, the river is joined by the *Pescara* river and then flows into the Adriatic Sea in the city of Pescara.

## Geography
The Aterno-Pescara river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

The Aterno-Pescara river could be divided in three parts: the *Aterno* from its start till its confluence with the Saggitario river, *Aterno-Saggitario* till its confluence with the Pescara, and *Aterno-Pescara* till its mouth in the Adriatic Sea.

### Aterno 
The Aterno starts in the *Monti della Laga* mountain range at an altitude of , just to the northeast of *Aringo*, a hamlet in the Montereale *comune*. It runs through the Montereale canyon and flows, in general, to the southeast and flows to the south of the city of L'Aquila.

After the *San Venanzio* canyon and of the Raiano comune, the Aterno turns to the northeast.

### Aterno-Sagittario 
In Popoli, the Aterno joins its main tributary, il *Sagittario*. For several kilometers, the river is called Aterno-Sagittario.

### Aterno-Pescara 
Later, the Aterno is joined by the *Pescara* river, a very short river; from this point, the river is called Aterno-Pescara or, simply, Pescara, and keeps flowing to the northeast.

The river flows through the valley of Pescara, touching the low part of the city of Chieti and gets in to the city of Pescara where it ends in the Adriatic Sea.

## Municipalities 
The Aterno-Pescara flows through many municipalities; some of them are:

* Province of L'Aquila
** Montereale
** Cagnano Amiterno
** Barete
** Pizzoli
** L'Aquila
** San Demetrio ne' Vestini
** Raiano
* Province of Pescara
** Popoli
** Bussi sul Tirino
** Castiglione a Casauria
** Pescara
* Province of Chieti
** Chieti

## Main tributaries 
The main tributaries of the Aterno-Pescara river are:

**Left tributaries**:
* Vetoio
* Vera
* Tirino - 25&nbsp;km
* Cigno
* Nora

**Right tributaries**:
* Raio - 23&nbsp;km
* Sagittario - 21&nbsp;km
* Pescara
* Orta - 40&nbsp;km
* Lavino

## Gallery

File:Gole di San Venanzio 2000 by RaBoe 001.jpg|*San Venanzio* canyon.
File:Popoli Ponte Risorgimento 01.jpg|*Bridge* over the Alterno in Popoli.
File:Pescara quelle 03.jpg|Source of the Pescara river.
File:Popoli -Springs of Pescara River-Views of Popoli- 2006 by-RaBoe.jpg|A view of a spring of the Pescara, with Popoli in the background
File:Pescara - foce del fiume vista dal ponte del mare.JPG|Mouth of the Pescara river.

## Related pages
* List of rivers of Italy

## References
## Other websites
* Fiume italiani: *Fiume Aterno*
Jean Daniel

**Jean Daniel Bensaid** (21 July 1920 – 19 February 2020) was an Algerian-born French Jewish journalist and author. He is the founder and executive editor of *Le Nouvel Observateur* weekly. He was born in Blida, Algeria. He is a member of the Saint-Simon Foundation think-tank. 

In ''La prison juive: Humeurs et méditations d'un témoin* (*The Jewish Prison*), Daniel argues that prosperous Jews in the west live in a self-imposed prison made of up of three invisible walls: the idea of the Chosen People, Holocaust remembrance, and support for Israel.

## Books
**The Jewish Prison: a Rebellious Meditation on the State of Judaism'' translated into English by Charlotte Mandell, 2005, Melville House Publishing, USA

## References
Parasakthi (movie)

**Parasakthi** is an 1952 Indian film in the language of Tamil directed by R. Krishnan - S. Panju. This film is the debut for the famous actor of Tamil cinema known for his excellent acting, Sivaji Ganesan. This film was jointly produced by National Pictures and AVM Productions. This film is based on  the stage play written by Pavalar Balasundaram in the same title.

The film narrates the misfortunes of a Tamil family during the World War II and how the individuals of the family face their fate and how they reunite at the climax of the film.

The screenplay and dialogues for Parasakthi were written by M. Karunanidhi, who would later become the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu. The music of Parasakthi was composed by R. Sudarsanam. The lyrics were written by Bharathidasan, Subramania Bharati, M. Karunanidhi, Annal Thango, Udumalai Narayana Kavi and K. P. Kamatchisundaram.  Parasakthi was released on 17 October 1952, during the festive occasion of Diwali, and faced controversies because of its portrayal of Brahmins and Hindu customs and practices in poor light.The society with powerful peoples (elites) including the then ruling State government even demanded the film to be banned.

Despite these protests, the film was critically celebrated, with praise directed towards its dialogues and the actors performances in particular. The film also become a commercial success, and had a theatrical run of over 175 days. Parasakthi  in Tamil cinema became a trendsetter for dialogues and acting for later Tamil films.

## References
Goliath frog

The **goliath frog** or **giant slippery frog** (*Conraua goliath*) is the biggest type of frog on Earth. It can grow to 32 centimetres (12.6 inches) long and weigh up to 3.25 kilograms (7.17 pounds). Its natural habitat is western Africa.

In 2019, scientists learned that the frog does something unusual: It digs pools to lay eggs in.  The scientists think it is the male frog who digs the pool.  Because not all the tadpoles in each pool were the same size, the scientists came to think that frogs lay eggs in the same pool more than once.  The frogs move sand, pieces of plants, and stones almost as big as they are.  They use the stones and plants to build higher walls for the pool.  Scientists saw adult frogs staying near the pools at night to scare away bigger animals that wanted to eat the tadpoles.  Scientists think this might be why the goliath frog is so big: Bigger frogs can move bigger rocks, build bigger pools and scare away bigger predators.

## References
Spider-tailed horned viper

A **spider-tailed horned viper** (*Pseudocerastes urarachnoides*) is a species of viper. It is found in western Iran. It was discovered in 2006. Its head is like other species of *Pseudocerastes,* but its tail is not. The spider-tailed horned viper has a spider shaped tail which it uses it to attract its prey.
Siat

**Siat** was a municipality of the district of Surselva in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2014, the former municipalities of Siat, Castrisch, Ilanz, Ladir, Luven, Pitasch, Riein, Ruschein, Schnaus, Sevgein, Duvin, Pigniu and Rueun merged into the new municipality of Ilanz/Glion.

## Other websites 
* Official Website
Dieter Kurrat

**Dieter "Hoppi" Kurrat** (15 May 1942 – 27 October 2017) was a German football player and coach. He was born in Dortmund, Germany. His brother was Hans-Jürgen Kurrat.

Kurrat died on 27 October, 2017.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Gert and Hermien

**Gert and Hermien** (Dutch: *Gert en Hermien*) were a musical duo from the Province of Overijssel in the Netherlands, consisting of Gert Timmerman (died 2017) and his wife Hermien Timmerman-van der Weide (died 2003).

They were singing from the 1960s to the early 1990s.

Their most well-known song was "Shalalie shalala".

After their conversion to Christianity in 1974, they only did religious singing for several years.

## References 
*  www.wieiswieinoverijssel.nl
Sabu M. Jacob

**Sabu M. Jacob** is an Indian business magnate. He is the chief Coordinator of Twenty-20 the charity outfit floated by Anna-Kitex Group. Twenty20 engaged in the overall development of Kizhakkambalam panchayath by the year 2020.

## Biography
Sabu M. Jacob was born to M.C. Jacob, founder chairman of the Anna Kitex group and one of Kerala's pioneering industrialists. After his schooling he got graduation in Economics. He has been Managing Director of Kitex Garments Ltd since August 16, 2006 and has been its Chief Financial Officer since January 25, 2016.

Inspired by his father’s entrepreneurial success, Sabu M. Jacob decided to establish a garment unit of his own in 1992. This 100 percent export oriented business began its operations from Kizhakkambalamin in 1995, and has today, emerged as the world’s third largest infant wear manufacturing company. The company is listed as one of the best Asian companies by Forbes.

In 2013 Twenty-20 was founded to implement Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives of the company in Kizhakkambalam, the eastern suburb of Kochi. The long-term objective of Twenty-20 is to make Kizhakkambalam a model village by the year 2020 – a model of sustainable development, replicable anywhere in India and the world. In November 2015 Twenty-20 managed to win local body elections  with 69 percent vote share.
Development initiatives were carried out by Twenty-20 through Housing Projects, Drinking Water Projects, Health, Agriculture, Education, Employment Opportunities, Green initiative, Anti-Corruption, Infrastructure, school upgrades and kindergartens, supplementary diet, Anti Alcohol Movement  environmental protection activities and women empowerment programs.

## Awards and Recognitions
Kitex MD, Sabu M. Jacob featured among the finalists for EY Entrepreneur of the Year 2015

## References
## Other websites
* http://www.2020kizhakkambalam.com/ 
* Kitex Garments Ltd &#124;
* http://www.2020enteveedu.com/
Gangai Amaran

**Gangai Amaran** is a music director, singer, lyricist, script writer, movie director and actor in Tamil movies.
## Personal life
Amaran was born in Pannaipuram in Theni district, Tamil Nadu in December 1947, as the youngest son of Ramaswamy and Chinnathayi. He is the younger brother of world famous Tamil music director Ilaiyaraaja. He was also the father of Venkat Prabhu (director and actor) and  Premji Amaren(actor, composer and singer).

## Notable works 
* One of the most famous comedy film of Tamil cinema, Karagattakaran was directed by **Gangai Amaren**. This movie became a huge blockbuster in Tamil cinema.
* He has composed music for more than 160 Tamil films.
* He got the lifetime achievement award from International Tamil Film Awards (ITFA).

## Filmography
### Writer/Director
### Music Director
*Aadhityan (1993)
*Aagaya Thamaraigal (1985)
**Pondatti Pondattithan* (1991)
*Adhikari (1991)
*Annan Kaattia Vazhi (1991)
*Atha Maga Rathiname (1994)
*Chellakutti (1987)
*En Pottukku Sondhakkaran (1991)
*En Priyame (1983)
**Jeeva* (1988)
*En Thangachi Padichava (1988)
*Ettikki Potti (1987)
*Imaigal (1983)
*Irumbu Kaigai (1984)
*Jaadiketha moodi (1988)
*Kanavugal Karpanaigal (1982)
*Kanna Thorakkanum Sami (1986)
*Koil Mani Osai (1988)
*Hello Yaar Pesurathu (1985) (with Illayaraja)
*Kudumbam (1984)
*Nalellam Pournami (1984)
*Nan Valartha Poovey (1991)
*Needhipadhi (1983)
*Nichayam (1984)
*Nyayam Ketkiraen (1984)
*Oomai Janangal (1984)
*Oorkuruvi (1987)
*Oru Vidukadhai Oru Thodarkadhai (1979)
*Pachai Kodi (1990)
*Pillaikkaga (1989)
**Rudra* (1989) Kannada film
*Ponnu Parkka Poraen (1989)
*Pudhia Sangamam (1984)
*Puthiya Sagaptham (1985)
*Pugaippadam (2010)
*Ragavan (2009)
*Ramaye Vayasukku Vanthutta (1980)
*Ratha Dhanam (1988)
*Rudhra (1991)
*Shankarlal (1981) (with Illayaraja)
*Sattam (1983)
*Suvarillatha Chithirangal (1979)
*Thappu Kanakku (1988)
*Tharayil Pootha Malar (1980)
*Ungal Veetu Pillai (1984)
*Vazhvey Maayam (1982)
*Vamsa Vilakku (1984)

## References
Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark

**Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark** (2 February 1882 – 3 December 1944) was a Greek and Danish prince of the House of Glucksburg. He was the son of George I of Greece and the grandson of Christian IX of Denmark and Queen Louise of Denmark. He was the father of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and father in law of Queen Elizabeth II He was the grandfather of Charles III.

He married Princess Alice of Battenberg and had four daughters and a son. He was an ancestor of the present Mountbatten-Windsor line.

## References
Audi Q7

The **Audi Q7** is an SUV made by Audi since 2005. It is an all wheel drive vehicle which can carry seven passengers.

## Second generation (2015-)
The first generation started coming out in 2015.

A new generation is supposed to start in 2026.

## References
Eugène Parlier

**Eugène Parlier** (13 February 1929 – 30 October 2017) was a Swiss football goalkeeper who played for Switzerland in the 1954 FIFA World Cup. He was born in Montreux, Switzerland. He also played for Neuchâtel Xamax, Servette FC, Urania Genève Sport, FC Biel-Bienne, FC Lausanne-Sport, and Étoile Carouge FC.

Parlier died on 30 October 2017 at the age of 88.

## References
## Other websites
*FIFA profile
Jotaro Kujo

**Jotaro Kujo** is a character in ''JoJo's Bizarre Adventure*, son of a Japanese jazz musician and Holly Kujo, daughter of Joseph Joestar, the main Jojo in the third part of the manga *Stardust Crusaders*. As well as a major ally in the fourth and sixth parts *Diamond Is Unbreakable* and *Stone Ocean*. He also appears briefly at the Beginning of the fifth part, *Vento Aureo''. He has super powers, in this case he manifests a Stand; Star Platinum. Star Platinum suggests the 17th Tarot card, the star meaning Hope. He punches things and people with high speed and inhuman strength; he also has a secondary attack: Star Finger. In the fight against Dio Brando he has the ability to stop time for five seconds (Two seconds in part four and six). He has a very high precision with his stand.
List of former municipalities of Switzerland

This is a list of **former municipalities of Switzerland**, i.e. municipalities of Switzerland (, , , ) that no longer exist.

In 1850, Switzerland had 3203 municipalities. On 1 January 2015, the number was 2324.

## List
## Notes and references
Knights Hospitaller

on a serving platter (1792)]]

The **Knights Hospitaller** were a group of military knights fighting in Jerusalem.  They are the group that became the **Knights of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem** and, eventually, St. John Ambulance.

The Hospitallers are a Catholic military order founded at Jerusalem in the 11th century. They later became the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. Today their headquarters are in Rome. The order continues its humanitarian tasks in most parts of the modern world under several slightly different names.

## Knights of Malta 
Malta was ruled by the Order of Saint John as a vassal state of the Kingdom of Sicily from 1530 to 1798. The islands of Malta and Gozo, as well as the city of Tripoli in modern Libya, were given to the Order by Spanish Emperor Charles V in 1530. following the loss of Rhodes. The Ottoman Empire managed to capture Tripoli from the Order in 1551, but an attempt to take Malta in 1565 failed.

In 1565 Suleiman sent an invasion force of about 40,000 men to besiege the 700 knights and 8,000 soldiers. He wanted to get the island as a base. From there he might launch another assault on Europe. A long struggle ended with the Knights undefeated. This is known as the Great Siege of Malta. Resisting the Ottoman Empire was their great achievement.
Ahmed Boukouss

**Ahmed Boukous** (Amazigh: **ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⴱⵓⴽⵓⵙ, Ḥmad bukus**; born October, 15, 1946) is a Moroccan Amazighist, linguist and sociologist. He is now the president of the Royal Institute of the Amazigh Culture.
## References
2017 Lower Manhattan attack

On October 31, 2017, a man drove a pickup truck into cyclists and pedestrians along  of a bike path alongside West Street, near Chambers Street in Lower Manhattan, New York City.

The vehicle-ramming attack killed eight people, including five Argentines and one Belgian tourist, and injured eleven others. After leaving the truck, the driver appeared to be wielding two guns and was later shot in the abdomen by police, and then arrested. An ISIS flag and a document that read "Islamic State will endure forever" in Arabic were found in the truck.

The Federal Bureau of Investigation charged 29-year-old Sayfullo Habibullaevich Saipov, who had immigrated to the United States from Uzbekistan on a Diversity Immigrant Visa, with destruction of a motor vehicle and supporting a terrorist organization.

## References
Milo Yiannopoulos

**Milo Yiannopoulos** is a British writer. He often criticizes feminism and Islam.  He studied at the University of Manchester and Wolfson College. He has worked for The Telegraph. He covered the Gamergate controversy. In 2016 he was criticized for saying that sex between adults and children can sometimes be consensual.

## References
Poschiavo

**Poschiavo** (, , , ) is a municipality in Bernina in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. As of December 2015, 3,513 people lived there.

Poschiavo has its own lake, called Lago di Poschiavo, which is located to the south of the village.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website of the municipality of Poschiavo
*Official Site of the valley 
*
Queue (abstract data type)

In Computer science, a **queue** is a dynamic data structure, used for storing items, before they are processed. A queue operates on a first-in, first-out FIFO principle, meaning the element that has been in the queue the longest is the next to be removed. 

Generally, the following operations exist:
* Enqueue: add the item to the back of the queue
* Dequeue: remove the item at the front of the queue
* Optionally, there may be an operation to look at the item at the front of the queue, without removing it.
Items that are between the first and the last element of the queue are not directly accessible.

There is a specialization, called **priority queue**: In a priority queue, each item also has a weight, which determine the position of the item in a queue.
Flag Day (United Arab Emirates)

**Flag day** in United Arab Emirates(UAE) is a national occasion which is  celebrated every year at November 3rd. Flag Day. It is celebrated to remember** Sheikh Zayed** and **Anderson Quintana**, and their brothers.
## References