open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Archduchess Marie Valerie of Austria

**Archduchess Marie Valerie Mathilde Amalie of Austria** (22 April 1868 – 6 September 1924) was the youngest child of Emperor Franz Josef I of Austria and Empress Elisabeth.

## Life 
Marie Valerie was born on 22 April 1868 as the youngest daughter of Emperor Franz Josef I and Elisabeth of Bavaria. She was nicknamed “the Hungarian child”.

## References
ADC Airdisco

The **ADC Airdisco** is a British V-8 airplane engine that was first used in 1925.

## Applications 
* Avro 548A
* Cierva Parnall Gyroplane
* de Havilland DH.51
* Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5A
Petrobius artemisiae

***Petrobius artemisiae*** is a species of jumping bristletail. It is in the family Machilidae.

## References
The Verve Pipe (album)

***The Verve Pipe*** is the third studio album by The Verve Pipe. The album was released on July 27, 1999.

## References
You're Only Human (Second Wind)

"'''You're Only Human (Second Wind)'*" is a 1985 song by Billy Joel and is taken from the album *Greatest Hits - Volume I & Volume II''. It was a top ten hit in the United States and Australia. It deals with depression and suicide.
Two for the Seesaw

***Two for the Seesaw*** is a 1962 American romantic drama movie directed by Robert Wise and was based on the 1958 play of the same name. It stars Robert Mitchum, Shirley MacLaine, Edmon Ryan, Elisabeth Fraser, Eddie Firestone and was distributed by United Artists. It was nominated for 2 Academy Awards in 1963.

## Other websites
*
*
*
*
Pickawillany

**Pickawillany** (also spelled **Pickawillamy**, **Pickawillani**, or **Picqualinni**) was a Miami Indian Village in the 18th century. It was along the Great Miami River in the Ohio Valley. An English trading site was close to the village. Both British and French wanted the land in the Ohio Country. The Miami people stopped relations with French fur traders. The Miami Chief La Demoiselle sided with the British. Céloron de Blainville visited the town to convince La Demoiselle to be allies with the French. Pickawillany became one of the largest Native American communities east of the Mississippi River. The French raided the town several times. The French fur trader Charles Langlade led Native tribes against Pickawillany in 1752 and destroyed the town.  

## References
Trick or Treat (1952 movie)

***Trick or Treat*** is a 1952 animated short movie. It was produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by RKO Radio Pictures.

## Voice cast
*Clarence Nash as Donald Duck, Huey, Dewey, and Louie
*June Foray as Hazel the Witch

## References
Judith Durham

**Judith Durham**  (born **Judith Mavis Cock**; 3 July 1943 – 5 August 2022) was an Australian singer, songwriter and musician. She became the lead singer of the Australian popular folk music group the Seekers in 1963. With the group, she performed songs such as "Georgy Girl", "I'll Never Find Another You", "The Carnival Is Over" and "A World of Our Own". In 1967, the Seekers were named Australians of the Year, the only group to be awarded this honour. Durham left the group in 1968. In 2015, she was named Victorian of the Year for services to music.

Durham was born in Essendon, a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria. In 1969, she married British pianist Ron Edgeworth in Melbourne. Edgeworth died in 1994.

Durham died of bronchiectasis on 5 August 2022 in Prahan, Melbourne. She was 79.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Ottawa (disambiguation)

**Ottawa** is the capital city of Canada.

**Ottawa** can also mean:
## Places 
### Canada 
* Ottawa (City of) (electoral district), a historical electoral district in Ontario
* Ottawa (County of) (electoral district), a historical electoral district in Quebec
* Ottawa (Ontario provincial electoral district), an electoral district from 1867 to 1908
* Ottawa (Quebec provincial electoral district), an electoral district from 1867 to 1919
* Ottawa Islands, islands on the east coast of the Hudson Bay
* Ottawa River, in Ontario and Quebec

### United States 
* Ottawa, Illinois, a city
* Ottawa, Kansas, a city
* Ottawa, Minnesota, an unincorporated community
* Ottawa, Ohio, a village
* Ottawa, Oklahoma, an unincorporated community
* Ottawa, Wisconsin, a town
** Ottawa (community), Wisconsin, an unincorporated community
* Ottawa River (Lake Erie), in Michigan and Ohio in the United States, which drains into Lake Erie
* Ottawa River (Auglaize River tributary), in Ohio, United States

### Elsewhere 
* Ottawa, Ivory Coast, a village
* Ottawa, KwaZulu-Natal, a suburb of Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

## Ships 
* HMCS *Ottawa* (H60), a C-class destroyer that served with the Royal Canadian Navy from 1938 to 1942
* HMCS *Ottawa* (H31), a G-class destroyer that served with the Royal Canadian Navyfrom 1943 to 1945
* HMCS *Ottawa* (DDH 229), a St. Laurent-class destroyer that served in the Royal Canadian Navy from 1956 to 1992
* HMCS *Ottawa* (FFH 341), a Halifax-class frigate commissioned in 1996
* SS *Ottawa*, a steamship that was once the SS *Germanic*
* *Ottawa* (shipwreck), a tugboat that sank in Lake Superior
* *Ottawa*, a tanker built in 1964 by Swan Hunter

## Other uses 
* Government of Canada
* Odawa or Ottawa, a First Nation/Native American ethnic group
** Ottawa dialect, their language
* Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma, a federally recognized tribe in the United States
Egushawa

**Egushawa** (c. 1726 – March 1796), also spelled **Egouch-e-ouay**, **Agushaway**, **Agashawa**, **Gushgushagwa**, **Negushwa** was a Native American war chief of the Ottawa tribe. His name means "The Gatherer" or "Brings Together". He was the chief after Pontiac. He supported the British during the American Revolution. He was against the Treaty of Paris that gave Native lands to Americans. He was a very important leader during the Northwest Indian War. He was in battles like St. Claire's defeat and the Battle of Fallen Timbers. He got a serious injury at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. He signed the Treaty of Greenville with other Native leaders.

## References
Central Bank of Argentina

The **Central Bank of the Argentine Republic** () is the governing body of the financial system of the Argentine Republic, in charge of the country's monetary policy.

The Organic Charter that governs the Central Bank of the Argentine Republic (Law 24,144) defines in its article 1 the central bank as an autarchic entity of the national State.

In article 3, it lists the objectives of this Institution: "The bank's purpose is to promote, to the extent of its powers and within the framework of the policies established by the national government, monetary stability, financial stability, employment and economic development with social equity.”

Monetary stability is the primary objective of the Central Bank of the Argentine Republic. The central focus of this Institution is to strengthen the Argentine peso, achieving inflation in line with its objectives established in the Monetary Plan. In turn, financial stability will be the way through which the Central Bank of the Argentine Republic will be able to contribute to the ultimate goal of its mission: economic development with social equity.

## References
## Other websites
*
One Thing Leads to Another

"**One Thing Leads to Another**" is a 1983 single by English new wave band the Fixx and taken from their album Reach the Beach. It is their best known song where it went to number 4 in the United States and topped the charts in Canada.

## References
Fritillaria pallidiflora

The **Pale-flowered Lily**, **Turanian fritillary**  or the **Uyghür Aigul** *(Fritillaria pallidiflora)* is an Asian species of bulbous flowering plant in the lily family Liliaceae, native to East Turkestan, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. 

The Latin specific epithet *pallidiflora* means “pale flowered”. Although the common name frequently used is **Siberian fritillary,** a misnomer because the species does not grow in the wild in Siberia.

## References
2022 Nepalese general election

**General elections** were held in Nepal on 20 November 2022 after the House of Representatives was dissolved. After power sharing talks between the outgoing Democratic Left Alliance broke down on 25 December 2022, CPN (Maoist Centre) chairman Pushpa Kamal Dahal became prime minister, its eight-member cabinet consisting of MPs from his party, CPN (UML), Rastriya Swatantra Party and Janamat Party, with the confidence and supply of RPP, JSP, NUP and three independents.

## References
Georgia national futsal team

The **Georgia national futsal team** is controlled by Georgian Football Federation and they are yet to feature at the FIFA Futsal World Cup.

## Tournament records
### FIFA Futsal World Cup
### UEFA European Futsal Championship
## References
Steppe buzzard

The **Steppe buzzard**  (*Buteo buteo vulpinus*) is a bird of prey, very widespread in the Old World. It lives in most of Central Asia, and other Turanian regions. It breeds as far as the northern Caucacus, northern Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, much of Russia to Altai and south-central Siberia, Tien Shan in China and western Mongolia. *B. b. vulpinus* is a long-distance migrant. It winters largely in much of eastern and southern Africa. Less frequently and often very discontinuously, steppe buzzards winter in the southern peninsulas of Europe, Arabia and southwestern India in addition to some parts of southeastern Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan. In the open country favoured on the wintering grounds, steppe buzzards are often seen perched on roadside telephone poles.

Within Turkistan it is the **National bird of East Turkestan**. Steppe Buzzard is also a native of eastern Finland, whereas in western Finland Common Buzzard(Buteo Buteo) is the dominating species.

## References
Wild Bactrian camel

The **Wild Bactrian camel** (*Camelus ferus*) is a critically endangered species of camel living in East Turkestan and southwestern Mongolia. It is closely related to the Bactrian camel (*Camelus bactrianus*). Both are large, double-humped even-toed ungulates native to the steppes of central Asia. Until recently, wild Bactrian camels were thought to have descended from domesticated Bactrian camels that became feral after being released into the wild. However, genetic studies have established it as a separate species that diverged from the Bactrian camel about 1.1 million years ago.

## Distribution 
Currently, only about 1,000 wild Bactrian camels are living in the wild. Most live on the Lop Nur Wild Camel National Nature Reserve near the border with China proper to the East.
## References
Nuclear binding energy

.]]
**Nuclear binding energy** is the energy needed to break an atomic nucleus into protons and neutrons and place them at a distance where they never meet each other. Atoms with higher binding energy are more stable, because you would have to add more energy to break them. 

Protons and neutrons are attracted to each other by the *nuclear force*. This is a form of the *strong interaction* that acts over a longer distance than usual. Together, protons and neutrons are called *nucleons*.

The binding energy per nucleon is the binding energy of an atom, divided by its number of protons and neutrons. Iron-56 has the highest binding energy per nucleon. This makes it the most stable isotope of any element. Both smaller and larger atoms may eventually move towards Iron-56 by gaining or losing nucleons.

The term *nuclear binding energy* can be confusing. An atom with a higher nuclear binding energy *does not* have more energy stored in its nucleus. Actually, atoms with more binding energy have *less* energy stored inside.

Energy from atoms can be released by nuclear fission or nuclear fusion. It can be used in nuclear power or nuclear weapons.
You Better Run

"**You Better Run**" is a 1966 single by the Young Rascals and went to the top 20 in the United States and was covered by Pat Benatar in 1980.

## Pat Benatar version
Pat Benatar recorded "You Better Run" for her second album, *Crimes of Passion* (1980). The song was released as the album's lead single, with "Out-A-Touch" as the B-side.  It peaked at number 42 on the U.S. *Billboard* Hot 100 chart and number 44 on the *Cash Box* Top 100.
The song appeared on the soundtrack to the 1980 movie *Roadie*.

## References
ADC Cirrus

The **ADC Cirrus** is a British airplane engine named the Aircraft Disposal Company (ADC) in the 1920s.

## Variants 
; Cirrus I
: (1925)
; Cirrus II
: (1926)
; Cirrus III
: (1929)

## Applications 
### Cirrus I 
* Avro Avian
* Avro Baby
* de Havilland DH.60 Moth
* Short Mussel
* Westland Widgeon

### Cirrus II 
* Avro Avian
* de Havilland DH.60 Moth
* de Havilland DH.71 Tiger Moth
* Piaggio P.9
* Short Mussel
* Westland Widgeon
* Bloudek XV Lojze

### Cirrus III 
* Avro Avian
* Blackburn Bluebird
* Cierva C.17
* de Havilland DH.60 Moth
* de Havilland DH.71 Tiger Moth
* Dudley Watt D.W.2Emsco B-4 Cirrus
* Koolhoven FK.41
* Klemm L.26
* Klemm L.27
* Short Mussel
* Simmonds Spartan
* Spartan Arrow
* Westland Wessex
* Westland Widgeon
Don't Grieve

'''''Don't Grieve'''* (; ) is a 1969 Georgian comedy-drama movie directed by Georgiy Daneliya and was based on the novel *My Uncle Benjamen'' by Claude Tillier. It stars Sergo Zakariadze, Vakhtang Kikabidze, Sofiko Chiaureli, Gogi Kavtaradze, Zurab Kapianidze.

## Other websites
*
Markus Mader

**Markus Mader** (born 21 May 1968) is a former Austrian football player and manager of SC Austria Lustenau.
## Career
Mader played for different clubs in Vorarlberg. With IG Bregenz/Dornbirn he played in the Second League. 

After the end of his player career he became manager of different clubs in Vorarlberg. In the 2017/18 season he became coach of FC Dornbirn in the Regionalliga.  They were promoted in 2019 to the Second League. In 2019–20 they finished 12th, and in 2020–21 they finished 7th. For the 2021–22 season he became coach of Austria Lustenau. They won the league and were promoted to the Austrian Bundesliga.

## References
Charles Michel de Langlade

**Charles Michel Mouet de Langlade** (9 May 1729 – after 26 July 1801) was a fur trader and war chief in the Great Lakes. His mother was Ottawa and his father was French Canadian. He was fluent in Ottawa and French. At different times, he was allied with the French, British and Americans. He is famous for leading a raid against the village Pickawillany. He destroyed the Miami town. He defended  Fort Duquesne (Pittsburgh) against the British during the French and Indian War.  After the French lost, he allied with the British. He led Natives against Americans colonies during the American Revolution. He is known as the "father of Wisconsin".

## References
The Lion King: The Gift

***The Lion King: The Gift*** (sometimes shortened to ***The Gift***) is a soundtrack album by American singer Beyoncé for the 2019 live action remake of *The Lion King* and for *Black Is King* (2020). It was released on July 19, 2019, by Parkwood Entertainment and Columbia Records. The album was also produced by Beyoncé and lead African artists such as Wizkid, Shatta Wale, Burna Boy, Mr Eazi, Tiwa Savage, Tekno, Yemi Alade, Busiswa, Moonchild Sanelly and Salatiel, as well as appearances from Jay-Z, Blue Ivy Carter, Childish Gambino, Pharrell Williams, Kendrick Lamar, Tierra Whack, 070 Shake, and Jessie Reyez, among others.

## Critical reception
*The Lion King: The Gift* received generally favorable reviews from music critics, many who liked the combination of Afrobeats, hip hop and R&B musical genres. All tracks were produced by Beyoncé and Derek Dixie, except where noted.

**Notes**
*  signifies a co-producer
*  signifies an additional producer
*  signifies an uncredited additional producer
*  signifies a producer credited on the extended version of the song
* All song titles are stylized in all caps
* All interlude titles are stylized in all lowercase
* "Bigger" features vocals by Raye
* "Spirit" features background vocals by Labrinth, Ilya, Jamal Moore, Maurice Smith, J Rome, Derrick Charles, DeP, George Young, Vernon Burris, TJ Wilkins, Andre Washington, Mabvuto Carpenter, Jason Morales, Johnny Gilmore, Stevie Notes, Marcus Eldridge, Edward Lawson, and Steve Epting

### Sample credits 
* "Find Your Way Back" contains elements of "Maradona", written by Sarz and performed by Niniola.
* "Mood 4 Eva" contains elements of "Diaraby Nene" written and performed by Oumou Sangaré; contains an interpolation of "Sweet Green Fields" written by Jimmy Seals; contains an interpolation of "(Think) About It" written by James Brown.

## References
Riviera

**Riviera** nay mean:

*The French Riviera (Côte d'Azur; Occitan: Còsta d'Azur) is on the Mediterranean coastline.
*Riviera District, Ticino, Switzerland.
*Italian Riviera
**On the Riviera* is a 1951 American musical comedy movie 
*Cannero Riviera in the Italian region of Piedmont. 
*Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut (district) in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.  
*Riviera Beach, Florida
*The Night Riviera is a sleeper train operated by First Great Western. It is one of only two sleeper trains on the railway in Great Britain 
*La Riviera in Sacramento County, California. 
*The Rivieras was a US rock and roll group.
Terrance Drew

Dr. **Terrance Michael Drew** (born  November 22, 1976)  is the current prime minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis, since 2022.

## References
Welcome to the Boomtown

**Welcome to the Boomtown** is a 1986 debut single by singers David & David and taken from their debut *Boomtown*. It went to number 27 in Australia.
Treaty of Greenville

The **Treaty of Greenville** or **Treaty with the Wyandots, etc.** (1795) was a treaty between the Natives people of the Northwest Territory and United States. The treaty was after the Northwest Indian Wars. Tribes that signed the treaty included Wyandot, Delaware, Shawnee, Ottawa, Chippewa, Potawatomi, Miami, Eel River, Wea, Piankeshaw, Kickapoo, and Kaskaskia. The treaty created new boundaries for American Indian territories. The treaty was signed after the Battle of Fallen Timbers.  Native territory was limited to northwestern Ohio. The Natives in the treaty were called the Western Confederacy.

## People 
General Anthony Wayne was in charge of the treaty. Other Americans included William Wells, William Henry Harrison, William Clark, Caleb Swan, and Meriwether Lewis.

Native leaders and signers included Wyandot (chiefs Tarhe, Roundhead, and Leatherlips), Delaware (several bands). Shawnee (chiefs Blue Jacket and Black Hoof), Ottawa (several bands, including Egushawa), Chippewa, Potawatomi (23 signatories, including Gomo, Siggenauk, Black Partridge, Topinabee, and Five Medals), Miami (including Jean Baptiste Richardville, White Loon, and Little Turtle), Wea, Kickapoo, and Kaskaskia.

President George Washington signed the treaty and the United States Senate confirmed it. 

## Terms 
The treaty created the **Greenville Treaty Line**.  Natives had to give up all the land south and east of the line. Natives had to give up their land and the US government gave money and supplies to Natives each year. This supply had a value of $20,000. The treaty line followed rivers in Ohio and Indiana. 

Natives had to leave forts that were along the Great Lakes. Native gave over important places like  Fort Wayne, Indiana; Lafayette, Indiana; Chicago; Peoria, Illinois; and Toledo, Ohio.

## References
Thomas Bramall

**Tom Bramall** is an English association football referee from Manchester, England. His county FA is the Manchester Football Association. He is a Select Group 1 Referee and officiates primarily in the Premier League.  

Bramall was a mathematics teacher at Outwood Academy Valley, before pursuing a career as a full-time referee.
Western chorus frog

The **western chorus frog**, **tree frog**, **chorus frog**, **swamp tree toad**, **swamp tree frog**, **swamp cricket frog**, **three-striped tree frog**, or **midland chorus frog** (*Pseudacris triseriata*) is a frog. It lives in North America.  It lives in Illinois, Indiana, Pennsylvania, and Ohio in the United States, and a few live in Ontario in Canada.  Other sources say they also live in Labrador, Quebec, Newfoundland, Iowa, Kentucky, New York, Michigan, and Tennessee.

The adult frog is 10-37 mm long from nose to rear end.  They are gray to brown in color on the back and lighter on the belly.  Most of these frogs have three narrow, dark stripes down their bodies.  Some of them have rows of spots instead.  They have a white stripe on the upper lip.  They do not have webbed skin on their feet.

The female frog lays 500 to 1500 eggs, 20 to 60 per group of eggs.

This frog is good at living in places where humans have built buildings.

## References
Azerbaijan Technological University

**Azerbaijan Technological University** () is a public university, specialized in engineering, light industry, and food industry. It is in Ganja, Azerbaijan. It was founded in 1981 by the government of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic. The university has 3 faculties and 21 departments.

## References 
## Related pages 
* List of universities in Baku

## Other websites 
*Official website
Nuptial pad

'']]
A **nuptial pad** (also known as thumb pad, or nuptial excrescence) is a thick piece of flesh on the front feet of some frogs and salamanders.  Only adult male animals have this pad.

The nuptial pad is a gland.  It is a secondary sex characteristic.  The male animals use the nuptual pad to hold on to females when they mate, but it does not make or move sperm itself. Some animals use their nuptial pads to fight each other. He believed in Lamarckian evolution.  This means he thought that the male frogs' pads got bigger in their own lifetimes, and then they passed the big pads on to their young after that. But this is not how evolution truly works.

## Examples
Many amphibian species grow nuptial pads for mating.  For example, the rough-skinned newt (*Taricha granulosa*) does.

## References
Hartley mammoth butcher site

The **Hartley mammoth butcher site** (also called the Hartley mammoth locality) is an archaeological and paleontological site on the Colorado Plateau in New Mexico.  Starting in 2013, bones of two mammoths were excavated by Timothy Rowe, a paleontologist from the University of Texas.  The bones were of a young female adult and a calf.  Rowe and his fellow researchers used various techniques to study the bones and the site. They found  "diagnostic evidence of diverse human activities including systematic, highly patterned bone breakage and secondary bone flake production, pyrogenic residues indicative of a controlled (domestic) fire, and utilization of regional vertebrate microfauna."     The same scientists used radiocarbon dating to determine how long ago the animals had lived.  They reported that they were from about 37,000 years ago (38,900–36,250 cal BP).

This site is important because, if the identification as a site with human activity and the dating are correct, it overturns the idea held by many archaeologists that the first people in the Americas belonged to the Clovis culture, which is dated to about 13,000 years ago.

## Further reading
* "THE DYNAMIC GEOMORPHIC SETTING OF THE LATE PLEISTOCENE HARTLEY MAMMOTH" by Jennifer K. Muus (unm.edu) https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/eps_etds/189/
## Related pages
* Settlement of the Americas

## References
Chris Foy (referee)

**Christopher Foy** (born 20 November 1962) is an English retired professional football referee whose currently Head of Community and Public Engagement for PGMOL.

## References
Victory, Vermont

**Victory** is a town in Essex County, Vermont, United States. The population of the town was 70 in the 2020 census.

## Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town is 43.0&nbsp;square miles in area (111.4&nbsp;km2). 43.0&nbsp; square miles (111.3&nbsp;km2) is made up of land. 0.04&nbsp;square miles (0.1&nbsp;km2) (0.07%) is made up of water.

## References
## Other websites
* Town of Victory
Kashmir Koklass pheasant

The **Kashmir Koklass Pheasant** *(Pucrasia macrolopha biddulphi)*, although called a pheasant, is related to grouses and is only a distant relative to the pheasants. Grouses are actually birds from the order Galliformes, which are heavy-bodied ground-feeding birds that include chicken and quail. In the monotypic genus Pucrasia, the Koklass Pheasant is the only species. Koklass is an adapted species that has been put into three different groups of species and again divided into subspecies. It is the only species in the genus Pucrasia to be divided into nine subspecies. 
## Locations
It is found in a wide range from Asia, across Afghanistan to China. The range of the subspecies can be found at quite a distance from each other. The Koklass Pheasant is part of the few species related to galliforms that regularly fly uphill and can fly at a time for many miles. Galliform species are not normally known to fly. Koklass Pheasants look more similar to the grouses than a regular pheasant. 
## Naming
Both the words Koklass and Pheasants from the name of Koklass Pheasants have been derived from the territorial call of the birds. The territorial call of the male is 'kok-kok-kok'.

## Appearance 
The male Koklass Pheasant is usually black in colour with each feather on the body covered with a pale white border. The male is much larger than the female in size and also much colourful. The male has a metallic green face, head, throat, and crest. They have chestnut on the chest and breast and a streaked appearance to the body. A white cheek patch is found along with a rust throat, chest and belly. The backs of the body are mostly grey and the wings are brown and tan coloured. The male species have a black beak and dark grey legs. The female has a dark grey beak and the same dark grey legs. The female Koklass has a cream-brown body with dark markings, a cream-colored face, white cheeks, and a throat patch. The female has white tips on the outside tail feathers. The female Koklass Pheasants has a fairly dull body. Both the male and female have wedge-shaped tails. The chicks and the first-year adults look similar to the females. They only attain the dark male body coloration after they mature.

Within Pakistan it is the **State bird of Azad Kashmir**.

## Notes 
.

## References
Turnover (food)

When talking about food, a **turnover** is a piece of dough which is folded so that it can contain a filling.  The turnover is usually baked in the oven, but sometimes it is fried. It can be sweet or salty. Turnovers are often sold as a form of convenience food. 

A well-known type of turnover is the calzone, which was first seen in Naples in the 19th century.
What About Love

"**What About Love**" is a 1985 single by American hard rock group by Heart. It was taken from their 1985 self-titled album. It was a major comeback for the group. It went to the top 10 in Canada and the United States.

## References
Geranium clarkei

***Geranium clarkei***, called '''Clarke's geranium**, **Kashmir Purple Geranium**, **Kashmir White** or the **Kashmir's Cranesbill'* is a species of flowering plant in the family Geraniaceae, native to India and cultivated for use in gardens.

It is an herbaceous perennial growing to  in height, with deeply cut 7-lobed leaves and white or purple flowers with pink veining in summer. It spreads by underground rhizomes, and is used for groundcover or the front of a border. A rhizomatous hardy geranium that is native to alpine meadows in the mountains of Kashmir. It typically grows in a clump to 18" tall, spreading outward by creeping stems to 18" wide. Purple-violet or white, upward-facing flowers (to 3/4" diameter) with contrasting dark veins profusely bloom from late spring to early summer. Dark green leaves are deeply cut into 7 segments and form an attractive foliage mat.

Genus name comes from the Greek word *geranos'' meaning crane in reference to the fruit which purportedly resembles the head and beak of a crane.

**Kashmir White** is a large-flowered cultivar which typically grows in a clump to 18" tall, spreading outward by creeping stems to 18" wide, and features a profuse bloom of white, upward-facing flowers (to 2" diameter) with contrasting violet-pink veins.

Easily grown in average, medium, well-drained soil in full sun to part shade. Prefers moist, humusy, well-drained soils, particularly in hot summer climates. Intolerant of drought. Performs best in cool summer climates, and is intolerant of the heat and humidity of the deep South. Shear off spent flowers after bloom to encourage additional bloom or tidy the planting. In the alternative, plants may be left alone after flowering to promote self-seeding.

'Kashmir White' self-seeds in the garden in optimum growing conditions, but flower colour in particular does not reliably come true from seed.

Within Pakistan it is the **State flower of Azad Kashmir**.

## Notes 
## References
Union City Blue

"**Union City Blue**" is a 1979 song by American band Blondie and taken from their 1979 album *Eat to the Beat*. It peaked at number 13 in the United Kingdom and number 17 in Ireland and the song is inspired by Debbie Harry's acting experience in the 1980 movie *Union City*.

## Track listing
;UK 7" (Chrysalis CHS 2400)
#"Union City Blue" (Nigel Harrison, Deborah Harry) – 3:18
#"Living in the Real World" (Jimmy Destri) – 2:53

;UK 1995 Remix CD1 (7243 8 82466 2 0)
#"Union City Blue" (Diddy's Power & Passion Edit) – 3:38
#"Union City Blue" (Diddy's Power & Passion Mix) – 8:34
#"Union City Blue" (Vinny Vero's Turquoise Mix) – 8:23
#"Union City Blue" (Jammin Hot's I Can't Believe It's Not Diddy Mix) – 7:37
#"Union City Blue" (Burger Queen Peroxide Power Mix) – 7:40

;UK 1995 Remix CD2 (7243 8 82467 2 9)
#"Union City Blue" (Diddy's Power & Passion Edit) – 3:45
#"I Feel Love" (Live) – 7:53
#"Union City Blue" (The OPM Poppy Mix) – 8:48
#"Union City Blue" (Original Version) – 3:18

;US 1995 Remix CD (7243 8 58474 2 4)
#"Union City Blue" (Diddy's Remix Edit) – 3:38 *
#"Union City Blue" (Original Single Version) – 3:18
#"Union City Blue" (Vinny Vero's Turquoise Mix) – 8:23
#"Union City Blue" (Burger Queen Peroxide Power Mix) – 7:40
#"Union City Blue" (OPM Poppy Mix) – 8:48
#"Union City Blue" (Diddy's Power & Passion Mix) – 8:34
#"I Feel Love" (Live) – 7:53

** Identical to the UK ''Diddy's Power & Passion Edit'' mix.

## References
Telefe Rosario

**Telefe Rosario** is an Argentine television station broadcasting on channel 5 from the city of Rosario, province of Santa Fe.

## Repeaters
*Channel 13 (Venado Tuerto)
*Channel 4 (Rufino)
*Channel 57 (Pergamino, Buenos Aires)
*Channel 68 (El Trébol)

## Other websites
*
Nepali Army

The **Nepali Army** (Nepali: नेपाली सेना, romanized: *Nēpālī Sēnā*), technically the **Gorkhali Army** (गोरखाली सेना, *Gōrakhālī Sēnā*; see *Gorkhas*), is the land service branch of the Nepalese Armed Forces. During the period of the Nepali unification campaign, it was known as the *Gorkhali Army* and later as the *Royal Nepali Army* following the establishment of a Hindu monarchy in Nepal. It was officially renamed to the Nepali Army on 28 May 2008, following the abolition of the 240-year-old Shah dynasty shortly after the Nepali Civil War.

The Nepali Army has participated in various conflicts throughout its history, going as far back as the Nepali unification campaign launched by Prithvi Narayan Shah of the Gorkha Kingdom. It has engaged in an extensive number of battles within South Asia, and continues to take part in global conflicts as part of United Nations peacekeeping coalitions.

The Nepali Army is headquartered in Kathmandu, Nepal and the incumbent Chief of Army Staff is General Prabhu Ram Sharma.

## History 
, 1885]]
The uniting of Nepal was the major start of the army. Since uniting would be hard without a strong army, management had to be very good. Other than temples in Kathmandu, the army organized in Gorkha. After Gorkhali troops captured Nuwakot (a hilly part of north Kathmandu) in 1744, the Gorkhali forces became the Royal Nepali Army.

Their performance was so impressive that the British East India Company started recruiting Nepali troops into their army. British troops called them "Gurkhas". The Nepal–Sikh war came shortly in 1809, and the Anglo-Nepalese War in 1814. It became more involved in the British Indian Army until independence, remaining independent (since it was a protectorate of the British Raj until 1947, though autonomy had been granted in 1923). In 1946, the Royal Nepali Army troops were led by Commanding General Baber Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana at the Victory Parade in London.

Prior to 2006, the Royal Nepali Army was under the King of Nepal. Following the 2006 Democracy Movement () on 18 May, a bill was passed by the Nepali parliament removing the monarchy, which included renaming the army to the Nepali Army. In 2004, Nepal spent $99.2 million on its military (1.5% of its GDP). Between 2002 and 2006, the RNA was involved in the Nepali Civil War. They were also used to handle protesters during the 2006 democracy movement.

## References
The Adventurers (1970 movie)

***The Adventurers*** is a 1970 American adventure drama epic movie directed by Lewis Gilbert and was based on the 1966 novel of the same name by Harold Robbins. It stars Bekim Fehmiu, Charles Aznavour, Candice Bergen, Alan Badel, Fernando Rey, Ernest Borgnine, Willoughby Gray, John Ireland, Zienia Merton, Olivia de Havilland and Allan Cuthbertson and was distributed by Paramount Pictures and produced by Embassy Pictures.

## Other websites
*
Chief of the Army Staff (Nepal)

The **Chief of Army Staff** (COAS) (Nepali: **नेपालको प्रधानसेनापति**), also known as '''Chief Sa'ab''' (Nepali: चिफ सा'ब), is the commander and highest-ranking officer of the Nepalese Armed Forces.

The Chief of Army Staff is the Chief of the Nepalese Army. He or she reports to the Ministry of Defense. The term is to be for three years or up to 61 years of age whichever is earlier. The seat of Chief of Army Staff is in Bhadrakali, Kathmandu. 

The current Chief of Army Staff is General Prabhu Ram Sharma, since 9 September 2021. The Chief of Army Staff also holds the honorary rank of General of the Indian Army.

## References
Prabhu Ram Sharma

General **Prabhu Ram Sharma** (; born 5 January 1964) is the Chief of Army Staff in the Nepalese Army. He took the oath from the president of Nepal on 9 September 2021. He is successor to Purna Chandra Thapa.
## Life
Sharma was born on January 5, 1964 in Kathmandu. He entered into Nepal army in 1984 as a Second Lieutenant in Purano Gorakh Battalion. He has a master’s degree in history from Tribhuwan University and master of philosophy in Defense and Strategic Study from University of Madras.
## Family
Sharma is married to Sunita Sharma and has two daughters.
## Ranks
Sharma was conferred as the honorary General of the Indian Army by the Indian President Ram Nath Kovind on 10 November 2021 while Sharma was on a four-day long visit to India.
## References
House of Representatives (Nepal)

The **House of Representatives,** or **Pratinidhi Sabha** (Nepali: प्रतिनिधि सभा; *Pratinidhi sabhā*) is the one of the houses of the Federal Parliament of Nepal.

## References
Federal Parliament of Nepal

The **Federal Parliament of Nepal** (संघीय संसद नेपाल, *Saṅghīya Sansada Nēpāla*) is the bicameral federal and supreme legislature of Nepal. It was established in 2018. It has the National Assembly and the House of Representatives as parallel houses.
## References
Namibia national netball team

The **Namibia national netball team** represent Namibia in international netball competition and are governed by Netball Association of Namibia. They have attended the Netball World Cup twice in 1991 (where they finished 13th) and 1995.
Union of the Crowns

used in the Kingdom of England, 1606–1707.]]

The **Union of the Crowns** (; ) was the accession of James VI of Scotland to the throne of the Kingdom of England as James I. It is also the consequential unification for some purposes (such as overseas diplomacy) of the two realms under a single monarch on 24 March 1603.

In its turn, the English Parliament responded with the Alien Act 1705. This threatened to impose economic sanctions and declare Scottish subjects aliens in England, unless Scotland either repealed the Act of Security or moved to unite with England. The Estates chose the latter option; the English Parliament agreed to repeal the Alien Act, and new commissioners were appointed by Queen Anne I in early 1706 to negotiate the terms of a union. The articles of union approved by the commissioners were presented to Anne on 23 July 1706. Then it was ratified by the Scottish and English Parliaments on 16 January and 6 March 1707, respectively. Under the Acts of Union, England and Scotland were united into a single kingdom called Great Britain, with one parliament, on 1 May 1707. 

## Related pages
* Commonwealth realm
* Imperial Federation

## References
Arvanites

The **Arvanites** (Arvanitika: ,  , ) are a bilingual Greek people speaking both the Greek language and a dialect of the Albanian language called *Arvanitika*. They moved from the regions of northern Epirus and central Albania to the Greek peninsula during the Middle Ages. They fought in the Greek revolution of 1821 against the Ottoman Empire and its allies. The name *Arvanites*, or *Arnauts*, was also used to describe Greeks from Roumeli, Albanians, Bulgarians and Serbs who all served as bodyguards for royals. 

In one of their songs, the Arvanites of Boeotia in central Greece sing of their homeland, Constantinople: "Τρε παμπόρἐ σκούαν ε βάνἐ νἐ Σταμπούλ νἐ βέντἐ τάνἐ" (transliteration: "Tre pampóre skoúan e báne ne Stampoúl ne bénte táne", "Three ships passed and are going to Constantinople to our lands"). According to Maria Michael-Dede, the song proves that the Arvanites are of Greek origin.

## References
### Citations
### Sources
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

## Further reading
*

## Other websites
*Joshua Project: Arvanite in Greece
The Bear and the Doll

***The Bear and the Doll*** () is a 1970 French romantic comedy movie directed by Michel Deville and starring Brigitte Bardot, Jean-Pierre Cassel, Daniel Ceccaldi, Julien Verdier, Sabine Haudepin. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures.

## Other websites
* 
* 
* *The Bear and the Doll* at Premiere France
Nathaniel Waena

**Sir Nathaniel Rahumaea Waena** GCMG, CSI, KStJ (born 1 November 1945) was the Governor-General of Solomon Islands from 2004 to 2009.

Waena was a Member of the National Parliament from 1984 to 2004. 

## References
Frank Kabui

**Sir Frank Utu Ofagioro Kabui**, GCMG, CSI, OBE KStJ (born 20 April 1946) was the Governor General of the Solomon Islands from 7 July 2009 to 7 July 2019.

## References
Baddeley Devesi

**Sir Baddeley Devesi**  (October 16, 1941 – February 16, 2012) was a Solomon Islander politician. He was the first Governor-General of the Solomon Islands for two terms from 1978 to 1988.

## References
David Vunagi

**Sir David Okete Vuvuiri Vunagi**,  (5 September 1950 – 7 March 2025) was a retired Solomon Islands Anglican bishop and politician. He was the governor-general of Solomon Islands from 2019 until 2024. He was also the archbishop of Melanesia and bishop of the Diocese of Central Melanesia from 2009 to 2015.

## References
2022 Gaza–Israel clashes

On 5 August 2022, Israel launched a large amount of surprise airstrikes on the Gaza Strip. They were targeting militants of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad movement (PIJ). The operation, called *Breaking Dawn* by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). It lasted a week and began on 1 August raid on Jenin. 

## References
Palestinian Islamic Jihad

The '''Islamic Jihad's Movement in Palestine'* (, *Harakat al-Jihād al-Islāmi fi Filastīn''), simply known as **Palestinian Islamic Jihad** (**PIJ**), is a Palestinian Sunni-Islamist organization. It was formed in 1981.

PIJ is an offshoot of the Muslim Brotherhood. They reject the Oslo Accords. Their goal is to help create an independent Islamic Palestinian state. It supports the military destruction of Israel and rejects a two-state solution. They have been supported by Syria and Hezbollah. Their power began to grow faster in 2014 as Iran's support grew.

## History and background
The Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) was officially founded in Gaza in 1981 by Fathi Shaqaqi, a doctor from Rafah, and Shaykh Abd al-Aziz Awda, a preacher from the Jabaliyya refugee camp, along with Ramadan Shalah, Bashir Moussa, and three other activists. Shaqaqi and Awda had been part of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt but broke away in 1979 to form the Islamic Jihad-Shaqaqi Faction, which operated from Egypt. After the assassination of Egyptian President Anwar Sadat in 1981 by a related group, they were expelled from Egypt and returned to Gaza, where they officially launched PIJ. PIJ's goal is to create an Islamic Palestinian state in the area that was Mandatory Palestine before 1948.

## Notes
## References
Rostislav Václavíček

**Rostislav Václavíček** (7 December 1946 – 7 August 2022) was a Czech football player. He was a part of the 1980 Olympic Games, where Czechoslovakia won the gold medal.

## References
Roger E. Mosley

**Roger Earl Mosley** (; December 18, 1938 – August 7, 2022) was an American actor, director, and writer. He was best known for his role as the helicopter pilot Theodore "T.C." Calvin in the CBS television series *Magnum, P.I.*.

On August 4, 2022, Mosley was in a car accident in Lynwood, California, becoming paralyzed from the shoulders down. He died three days later from his injuries at a Los Angeles hospital at the age of 83.

## References
## Other websites
*
Eike Christian Hirsch

**Eike Christian Hirsch** (6 April 1937 – 7 August 2022) was a Dutch-born German journalist and author. 

Hirsch was born in 1937 in Bilthoven, Netherlands and grew up in Göttingen. He was an editor in sound broadcasting at the NDR and was later a freelance journalist. In the 1980s, he was the host of the talk show 3 nach 9.

Hirsch died on 7 August 2022 in Hannover, Germany at the age of 85.

## References
Ezekiel Alebua

**Ezekiel Alebua**  (June 1947 – 7 August 2022) was the third Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands from 1 December 1986 until 28 March 1989.

Alebua died on 7 August 2022 from a long-illness in Haimatua, Solomon Islands at the age of 75.

## References
Louisiana's 4th congressional district

'''Louisiana's 4th congressional district''' is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Louisiana. The district is in the northwestern part of the state. They mainly covers Shreveport-Bossier City. It also includes the cities of Minden, DeRidder, and Natchitoches.

The district is represented by Republican Mike Johnson.

## References
Nepalese Armed Forces

The **Nepalese Armed Forces** are the military forces of Nepal. Composed primarily of the ground-based Nepali Army, organized into six active combat divisions, the Nepalese Armed Forces also operates the smaller Nepalese Army Air Service designed to support army operations and provide close light combat support. 

## References
Mark Walker (North Carolina politician)

**Bradley Mark Walker** (born May 20, 1969) is an American politician and pastor. He was the U.S. representative for North Carolina's 6th congressional district from 2015 to 2021. He is a member of the Republican Party. He was vice chair of the House Republican Conference in 2019.

In December 2019, Walker said he would not reelection in 2020. Instead, he unsuccessfully ran for the Republican nomination for the United States Senate in the 2022 election.

He was also briefly a candidate for Governor of North Carolina in the 2024 gubernatorial election and for a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives that same year before withdrawing from that race to join Donald Trump's 2024 presidential campaign.

In April 2025, President Donald Trump announced his plan to nominate Walker to be the U.S. Ambassador at Large for International Religious Freedom, a position within the State Department.

## References
Louisiana House of Representatives

The **Louisiana House of Representatives** () is the lower house in the Louisiana State Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Louisiana. The House is made of 105 representatives. Members serve four-year terms with a term limit of three terms (twelve years).

## References
Louisiana State Legislature

The **Louisiana State Legislature** () is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Louisiana. It is a bicameral body, made up by the lower house, the Louisiana House of Representatives with 105 representatives, and the upper house, the Louisiana State Senate with 39 senators. 

## References
Louisiana State Senate

The **Louisiana State Senate** () is the upper house of the state legislature of Louisiana. All senators serve four-year terms.

## Other websites
* The Louisiana State Senate  *official government website*
*State Senate of Louisiana at Project Vote Smart
*
John Yanta

**John Walter Yanta** (October 2, 1931 – August 6, 2022) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.  He was bishop of the Diocese of Amarillo in Texas from 1997 to 2008 and as an auxiliary bishop in the Archdiocese of San Antonio in Texas from 1994 to 1997. He was born in Runge, Texas.

Yanta died on August 6, 2022 in San Antonio, Texas from problems caused by pneumonia at the age of 90.

## References
Runge, Texas

**Runge** is a town in Karnes County, Texas, United States. The population was 892 at the 2020 census.

## References
David Muse

**David Muse** (July 27, 1949 – August 6, 2022) was an American musician. He was known for his musical career with Firefall, The Marshall Tucker Band, Pam Rose and Bertie Higgins.

Muse was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma in 2011. He died on August 6, 2022 from the disease at his home in Palm Harbor, Florida at the age of 73.

## References
Palm Harbor, Florida

**Palm Harbor** is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. It had a population of 61,366 in 2020.

## References
Daniel Lévi

**Daniel Lévi** (26 August 1961 – 6 August 2022) was a French singer-songwriter, composer, and pianist. He was born in Constantine, French Algeria. His career began in 1983. He was known for his 2000 single "L'envie d'aimer".

Lévi died of colon cancer in Bouches-du-Rhône, France at the age of 60.

## References
## Other websites
*Official site
*Forum about Daniel Lévi
* 
*
Carlo Bonomi

**Carlo Bonomi** (12 March 1937 – 6 August 2022) was an Italian actor and clown. He was best known for his work as the voice of Mr. Linea in the animated series *La Linea* as well as Pingu in the stop-motion children's television series of the same name.

Bonomi died on 6 August 2022 in Milan, Italy at the age of 85.

## References
Luciano Macías

**Luciano Antonio Macías Argencio** (28 May 1935 – 5 August 2022) was an Ecuadorian footballer. He played as a defender. He also played for the Ecuador national team from 1957 to 1969, making twenty-one appearances.

Macías died on 5 August 2022 in Guayaquil, Ecuador at the age of 87.

## References
Bob Lay

**Robert William Lay**  (20 March 1944 – 5 August 2022) was an Australian sprinter. He competed in the men's 100 metres at the 1964 Summer Olympics. Lay was born in New South Wales, Australia.

Lay died on 5 August 2022 at the age of 78.

## References
Marianna Hill

**Marianna Hill** ( **Schwarzkopf**, February 9, 1942) is a retired American actress. She was known for her roles in the Western movies *El Condor* and *High Plains Drifter*. She was also in the cult horror movie *Messiah of Evil*. She was married to actor Bernard Hill.

## References
## Other websites
*
Cherie Gil

]]
**Evangeline Rose Gil Eigenmann** (June 21, 1963 – August 5, 2022) known professionally as **Cherie Gil** () was a Filipino actress. Her career began in 1970 and she retired in 2021. She was known for playing villain roles in movies. Gil was born in Manila, the Philippines. Her best known roles were in *Manila By Night*, *Oro, Plata, Mata* and *Bituing Walang Ningning*.

In October 2021, Gil was diagnosed with a "rare" form of endometrial cancer. She died from the disease on August 5, 2022 at a hospital in New York City at the age of 59.

## References
## Other websites
*
Ana Luísa Amaral

**Ana Luísa Amaral** (5 April 1956 – 5 August 2022) was a Portuguese poet, novelist and translator. She was a professor at the University of Porto. She was born in Lisbon, Portugal.

Amaral died on 5 August 2022 in Porto, Portugal from a long illness at the age of 66.

## References
Ilya Tsipursky

**Ilya Lazarevich Tsipursky** (; 26 August 1934 – 3 August 2022) was a Soviet judoka and sambist. He participated at the 1964 European Judo Championships, winning a silver medal. He was in the middleweight class.

Tsipursky died on 3 August 2022 at the age of 87.

## References