open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Aaron Schroeder

**Aaron Harold Schroeder** (September 7, 1926 – December 2, 2009) was an American songwriter and music publisher. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He wrote seventeen songs for Elvis Presley including five that reached number one: "A Big Hunk o' Love", "Good Luck Charm", "I Got Stung", "Stuck on You" and "It's Now or Never".

Schroeder was founder and president of **Musicor Records** (1960–1965). He also helped Gene Pitney become famous.

Schroeder died on December 2, 2009, in Englewood, New Jersey from primary progressive aphasia, a rare form of dementia, aged 83.

## References
Aleut

The **Aleut** are Native Americans from the Aleutian Islands. They live in Alaska and Russia. Their traditional clothes were made from the skins of sea lions, seals, sea otters, and birds.

## Language 
The Aleut speak the Aleut language, which they call Unangam Tunuu. However, most of them don't speak it well nowadays. Many speak English and Russian.

## History 
### Contact with Russians 
In the 18th century, Russians came to Alaska. The Russians taught the Aleut about their religion, the Russian Orthodox version of Christianity. They also traded furs with them.
### California 
The Aleut killed many members of the Nicoleño Tribe in California during a conflict.

## Culture 
### Housing 
The Aleut lived in special houses called barabara. It was partly underground to protect them from the elements.
### Food 
The Aleut hunted many sea creatures for food and their furs. They also liked to eat berries.
Perkins County

**Perkins County** is the name of two counties in the United States:
* Perkins County, Nebraska
* Perkins County, South Dakota
Phelps County, Nebraska

**Phelps County** is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 census, 8,968 people lived there. The county seat is Holdrege. It was founded in 1873.

## References
Pottawatomie County

**Pottawatomie County** is the name of two counties in the United States:
* Pottawatomie County, Kansas
* Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma

## Other 
* Pottawattamie County, Iowa
Worth County

**Worth County** is the name of three counties in the United States:
* Worth County, Georgia
* Worth County, Iowa
* Worth County, Missouri
Richland County

**Richland County** is the name of six counties in the United States:
* Richland County, Illinois
* Richland County, Montana
* Richland County, North Dakota
* Richland County, Ohio
* Richland County, South Carolina
* Richland County, Wisconsin

## Other 
* Richland Parish, Louisiana
Patrick Baumann (basketball)

**Patrick Baumann** (5 August 1967 – 14 October 2018) was a Swiss basketball executive, player and coach. He was the President of the Global Association of International Sports Federations and Secretary General of the International Basketball Federation (FIBA).

Baumann was born in Basel on 5 August 1967 and died of a heart attack while attending the 2018 Youth Olympics in Buenos Aires, Argentina, on 14 October 2018.

## References
Iboga

***Tabernanthe iboga*** or simply **iboga** is a perennial rainforest shrub, native to western Central Africa. Iboga can be used as a drug; it stimulates the central nervous system when taken in small doses and induces hallucinations in larger doses.  In parts of Africa where the plant grows, the bark of the root is chewed for various pharmacological or ritualistic purposes.  Ibogaine, the active alkaloid, is also used to treat substance abuse disorders and depression. A small amount of ibogaine, along with precursors of ibogaine, are found in *Voacanga africana*.

Normally, the plant grows to a height of about 2m. It may eventually grow into a small tree up to 10&nbsp;m tall. It has small green leaves. Its flowers are white and pink, while the fruit can be either an elongated oval shape, or a round spherical shape. Fruits are orange in color. Its yellow-colored roots contain a number of indole alkaloids, most notably ibogaine, which is found in the highest concentration in the root-bark. The root material, bitter in taste, causes anesthetic sensation in the mouth as well as systemic numbness to the skin.
Arto Paasilinna

**Arto Tapio Paasilinna** (20 April 1942 – 15 October 2018) was a Finnish writer. He was a journalist turned comic novelist. He was one of the most successful novelists of Finland. He won a broad readership outside of Finland. He was born in Kittilä, Finland. 

Paasilinna was known for his 1975 novel *The Year of the Hare* (*Jäniksen vuosi*), a best-seller in France and Finland. His brother is former MEP Reino Paasilinna.

Paasilinna died on 15 October 2018 in Espoo from complications of a stroke, aged 76.

## References
## Other websites
* The Arto Paasilinna Society, in English and Swedish, the world's best infosite regarding Arto Paasilinna and his books.
* Arto Paasilinnan Seura ry (Arto Paasilinna Society)
* Arto Paasilinna at Fantastic Fiction (list of English translations: summary, covers, editions, ISBN)
Reino Paasilinna

**Reino Paasilinna** (5 December 1939 &ndash; 21 July 2022) was a Finnish politician who was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP). He was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Finland. He was a member of the Party of European Socialdemocrats. He was on the European Parliament's Committee on Industry, Research and Energy.

He was an MEP from 1996 to 2009.

Reino Paasilinna was born on *Aunus*, a ship on the Arctic Ocean, on the coast of Norway.

His brother was novelist Arto Paasilinna. 

Paasilinna died on 21 July 2022 in Helsinki, Finland from problems caused by Parkinson's disease, aged 81.

## References
Pahrump, Nevada

**Pahrump** () is an unincorporated town in Nye County, Nevada, United States. As of 2020 the population was 44,738, making it the largest settlement in the county. 

## References
Sid Michaels Kavulich

**Michael G. "Sid Michaels" Kavulich** (August 22, 1956 – October 16, 2018) was an American politician, radio, and television broadcaster. He was born in Taylor, Pennsylvania. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was a sportscaster for WBRE-TV. Kavulich was a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 2011 until his death in 2018.

Kavulich died from complications of heart surgery at a Philadelphia hospital on October 16, 2018, aged 62.

## References
## Other websites
*Pennsylvania House of Representatives - Sid Michaels Kavulich (Democrat)
*Pennsylvania House Democratic Caucus - Sid Michaels Kavulich
*Sid Michaels Kavulich for State Representative
Taylor, Pennsylvania

**Taylor** is a borough in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania, United States, four miles (six km) southwest of Scranton on the Lackawanna River. 

The population at the 2020 census was 6,294.

## References
Phelps County

**Phelps County** is the name of two counties in the United States:
* Phelps County, Missouri
* Phelps County, Nebraska
Lackawanna River

The **Lackawanna River** is a  tributary of the Susquehanna River in northeastern Pennsylvania in the United States. It flows through a region of the northern Pocono Mountains. It starts in north Wayne County, Pennsylvania and ends in east Luzerne County, Pennsylvania in Duryea, Pennsylvania. 

The lower reaches of the river flow through the urban areas of Scranton, which grew around its banks in the 19th century as an industrial center. Its name comes from a Lenni Lenape word meaning "stream that forks".

## References
Yoshito Sengoku

was a Japanese politician. He was in the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature) as a member of the Democratic Party of Japan. He was born in Tokushima, Tokushima prefecture.

He was elected for the first time in 1990 as a member of the Japan Socialist Party. He was an ally of Prime Minister Naoto Kan.

From November 2010 until his firing in January 2011, he was Minister of Justice. In March 2011, Prime Minister Naoto Kan appointed Yoshito Sengoku as Deputy Chief Cabinet Secretary.

He lost his seat in the December 16, 2012 general election.

Sengoku died on October 11, 2018 in Tokyo from lung cancer, aged 72.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Duryea, Pennsylvania

**Duryea** is a borough in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, United States,  south of Scranton. It is situated along the eastern bank of the Susquehanna. The population was 5,036 at the 2020 census.

## References
Susquehanna River

The **Susquehanna River** (; Lenape: Siskëwahane) is a major river located in the northeastern and mid-Atlantic United States. At  long, it is the longest river on the East Coast of the United States that drains  into the Atlantic Ocean.

With its watershed, it is the 16th-largest river in the United States, and the longest river in the early 21st-century continental United States without commercial boat traffic.

The river spans in three states: Pennsylvania, New York and Maryland.

## References
Ian Kiernan

**Ian Bruce Carrick Kiernan** (4 October 1940 – 16 October 2018) was an Australian yachtsman and environmental campaigner. He was born in Sydney. Kiernan was known for organising the *Clean Up Australia* campaign, and in 1993 a similar *Clean Up the World* operation. It had 30 million volunteers partake from 80 countries.

Kiernan's environmental work was awarded in 1991 when the Australian Government gave him the Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM). He was named Australian of the Year in 1994.

Kiernan died of cancer on 16 October 2018 in Sydney. He was 78.

## References
Nasim Pedrad

**Nasim Pedrad** (; born November 18, 1981) is an Iranian-born American actress and comedian. She was born in Tehran, Iran and emigrated to Irvine, California in 1984. She is best known for her five seasons as a cast member on *Saturday Night Live* from 2009 to 2014. 

After *SNL*, she went on to co-star in sitcoms such as *Mulaney*, *Scream Queens*, *People of Earth*, and *New Girl*.

## References
Dennis Hof

**Dennis Hof** (October 14, 1946 – October 16, 2018) was an American brothel owner, entrepreneur, restaurateur and star of the HBO series *Cathouse*. He was best known as the owner of seven legal brothels in Nevada known as Moonlite BunnyRanch. 

Hof's autobiography, *The Art Of The Pimp*, was a best-seller, and he lectured at Oxford University in England, Trinity College Dublin and the Sorbonne in France. He was in a domestic partnership with Heidi Fleiss.

Hof endorsed Ron Paul in the 2008 and 2012 presidential elections and Donald Trump in 2016. He joined the Libertarian Party in 2015. In 2016 and 2018, he ran for the Nevada state legislator, but lost in the Republican primary. 

From 2016 to 2018, Hof was accused by many women of rape, sexual assault and unwanted unprotected sex.

Hof was found dead in his sleep by Ron Jeremy at his Love Ranch near Pahrump, Nevada, on October 16, 2018, following a party for his 72nd birthday. He died of a heart attack caused by arteriosclerosis.

At the time of his death, Hof was running for the Nevada Assembly's 36th District.

## References
## Other websites
*
Byron Mallott

**Byron Ivar Mallott** (April 6, 1943 &ndash; May 8, 2020) was an American politician, elder, tribal activist, and business executive.

Mallott was an Alaska Native leader of Tlingit heritage, and the leader of the Kwaash Ké Kwaan clan. He was the 12th Lieutenant Governor of Alaska from 2014 until his resignation on October 16, 2018. He resigned after saying inappropriate things to a woman.

He was the Mayor of Yakutat, the Mayor of Juneau, the President of the Alaska Federation of Natives and the executive director of the Alaska Permanent Fund.

Mallott was the Democratic nominee for Governor of Alaska in 2014, until he agreed to merge his campaign with that of Independent candidate Bill Walker and become Walker's running mate.

Walker and Mallott won the election and were sworn in on December 1, 2014.

Mallott died of a heart attack at a hospital in Anchorage on May 8, 2020 at the age of 77.

## References
## Other websites
*  of the Office of the Lieutenant Governor
Chagatai language

**Chagatai language** is one of the extinct Turkic languages spoken in Central Asia. Chagatai was a member of the eastern Turkic branch of the Altaic languages family and was a literary language from the Timur period and the Timurids until the early twentieth century.

## Related pages 
* Turkic languages

## References
Karluk languages

**Karluk languages** or **Qarluq languages** are one of the subcategories of the Turkic language family, spoken and developed by the Karluk people in Central Asia.

## Related pages 
* Turkic languages
Chagatai Khanate

**Chagatai Khanate** was a Turco-Mongol government that included the lands under the rule of Chagatai Khan, the second son of Genghis Khan.

## Related pages 
* Chagatai Khan
* Turco-Mongol
Platte County

**Platte County** is the name of three counties in the United States:
* Platte County, Missouri
* Platte County, Nebraska
* Platte County, Wyoming
Platte County, Nebraska

**Platte County** is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 census, 34,296 people lived there. The county seat is Columbus. It was created in 1855.

## References
Mía Maestro

**Mía Maestro** (born June 19, 1978) is an Argentine actress and singer-songwriter. She was born in Buenos Aires.

Maestro is known for her role as Nora Martinez in *The Strain*, Nadia Santos in the television drama *Alias*, as Christina Kahlo in *Frida*, and as Carmen in *The Twilight Saga*.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*Mia Maestro official website
Josh Lucas

**Joshua Lucas Easy Dent Maurer** (born June 20, 1971), is an American actor. He is known for his roles in *Glory Road*, *Sweet Home Alabama*, *A Beautiful Mind*, *Hulk,* *Stealth*, *Poseidon*, *J. Edgar*, and *Red Dog*.

Lucas was born in Fayetteville, Arkansas, but raised in South Carolina.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Aboutfilm.com interview  (October, 2004)
Columbia, New Jersey

**Columbia** is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Knowlton Township in Warren County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2020 Census, the CDP's population was 215. The area is served as United States Postal Service ZIP Code 07832.

## References
Harry Johnston (politician)

**Harry Allison Johnston II** (December 2, 1931 &ndash; June 28, 2021) was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Florida. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was born in West Palm Beach, Florida. Johnston represented Florida's 14th congressional district and 19th congressional district from 1989 to 1997.

Johnston died on June 28, 2021 in West Palm Beach at the age of 89.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Jolene Unsoeld

**Jolene Unsoeld** (December 3, 1931 &ndash; November 28, 2021) was an American politician, who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1989 to 1995. She represented the third congressional district of Washington as a Democrat. 

Unsoeld died on November 28, 2021, five days before her 90th birthday in Olympia, Washington.

## References
## Other websites
*
Bud Shuster

**Elmer Greinert** "**Bud**" **Shuster** (; January 23, 1932 &ndash; April 19, 2023) was an American politician. He represented Pennsylvania in the United States House of Representatives as a Republican from 1973 to 2001.

Shuster died on April 19, 2023 at his home in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania at the age of 91.

## References
## Other websites
* Ethics Committee complaint (1996)

*
Glassport, Pennsylvania

**Glassport** is a borough in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States. There were 4,475 people living in Glassport as of the 2020 census.

## References
Thomas J. Bliley Jr.

**Thomas Jerome "Tom" Bliley Jr.** (January 28, 1932 &ndash; November 16, 2023) was an American Republican politician. He was a U.S. Representative from the state of Virginia from 1981 to 2001. He was the mayor of Richmond, Virginia from 1970 to 1977.

Bliley Jr. died on November 16, 2023 at his home in Richmond at the age of 91.

## References
## Other websites
*
Chesterfield, Virginia

**Chesterfield Court House** is an unincorporated community that is the county seat of Chesterfield County, Virginia, United States. It was a census-designated place (CDP) at the 2000 census, at which time its population was 3,558.

## References
Guadalupe County

**Guadalupe County** is the name of three counties in the United States:
* Guadalupe County, New Mexico
* Guadalupe County, Texas
Edwards County

**Edwards County** is the name of three counties in the United States:
* Edwards County, Illinois
* Edwards County, Kansas
* Edwards County, Texas
Howard Metzenbaum

**Howard Morton Metzenbaum** (June 4, 1917 &ndash; March 12, 2008) was an American politician and businessman. For almost 20&nbsp;years, he was a Democratic member of the U.S.&nbsp;Senate from Ohio in 1974, an from 1976 to 1995. He also served in the Ohio House of Representatives and Senate from 1943 to 1951.

Metzenbaum died at his home in Aventura, Florida on March 12, 2008, aged 90.

## References
## Other websites
*
Rice County, Minnesota

**Rice County** is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2020, 67,097 people lived there. The county seat is Faribault.

## References
Melissa Villaseñor

**Melissa Villaseñor** (born October 9, 1987) is an American actress, stand-up comedian, and impressionist. She is currently a cast member on *Saturday Night Live* since 2016, making her the first Latina on *SNL*.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Alex McMillan

'''John Alexander 'Alex' McMillan III''' (born May 9, 1932) is an American Republican politician . McMillan was born in Charlotte, North Carolina. He was a five term member in the U.S. House of Representatives, representing North Carolina's 9th congressional district from 1985 to 1995.

## Other websites
*J. Alex McMillan Papers, Southern Historical Collection, UNC-Chapel Hill
*
Harold V. Froehlich

**Harold Vernon Froehlich** (born May 12, 1932) is an American politician. He was born in Appleton, Wisconsin. He is a U.S. Representative from Wisconsin's 8th congressional district. He is a Republican.

Froehlich was appointed a circuit court judge in Outagamie County, Wisconsin, in 1981, and served until he retired from the bench on April 8, 2011.

## References
## Other websites
Thayer County, Nebraska

**Thayer County** is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 census, 5,034 people lived there. The county seat is Hebron.

## References
James V. Hansen

**James Vear "Jim" Hansen** (August 14, 1932 &ndash; November 14, 2018) was an American politician. He was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from Utah from 1981 to 2003. Hansen was born in Salt Lake City, Utah.

Hansen died on November 14, 2018 in Farmington, Utah at the age of 86.

## References
## Other websites
*
Jack H. McDonald

**Jack H. McDonald** (June 28, 1932 – August 17, 2022) was an American attorney and politician from the U.S. state of Michigan who served three terms in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1967 to 1973.

## Biography 
McDonald was born in Detroit and was educated in White Lake Township and Detroit. He attended Wayne State University and served as supervisor of census for Wayne County with the Bureau of the Census in 1960. He was elected supervisor of Redford Township in 1961 and 1963, reelected in 1964. He was elected chairman of the  Wayne County Board of Supervisors in 1965. He was appointed to Republican Task Force on Urban Affairs in 1967.

### Congress 
In 1966, he was the Republican Party candidate in Michigan's 19th congressional district. He defeated incumbent Democrat Billie S. Farnum, one of the "Five Fluke Freshmen", to be elected to the 90th Congress and to the two succeeding Congresses, serving from January 3, 1967, to January 3, 1973. In 1972, after redistricting, he ran in the same district as veteran Republican Representative William S. Broomfield. McDonald lost to Broomfield in the Republican primary elections.

### Later career and death 
After leaving Congress, he became a consultant and lobbyist with law firm Verner, Liipfert, Bernhard, McPherson and Hand. He was a resident of Outer Banks, North Carolina.

He died on August 17, 2022, at the age of 90.

## References
*The Political Graveyard
*Profile at the Revolving Door  at OpenSecrets.org
Potter County

**Potter County** is the name of three counties in the United States:
* Potter County, Pennsylvania
* Potter County, South Dakota
* Potter County, Texas
Sonny Callahan

**Herbert Leon "Sonny" Callahan** (September 11, 1932 &ndash; June 24, 2021) was an American businessman and politician. He was elected as a Democrat from Mobile. Callahan was repeatedly elected as a Republican to the United States House of Representatives, serving from 1985 to 2003.

Callahan died on June 24, 2021 in Mobile at the age of 88.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Sonny Callahan on the Issues
*
Yvonne Brathwaite Burke

**Yvonne Brathwaite Burke** (born October 5, 1932) is a retired American politician. She was the first African-American woman to represent the West Coast in Congress. She served in congress from 1973 until the end of 1978. She was the Los Angeles County Supervisor representing the 2nd District (1992–2008). She was the Chair three times (1993–94, 1997–98, 2002–03).

On December 1, 2008, she retired from the Board of Supervisors and was replaced by Mark Ridley-Thomas.

On March 29, 2012, she was nominated by President Barack Obama to serve on the Amtrak Board of Directors. She retired in December 2024.

## References
Romano Mazzoli

**Romano Louis Mazzoli** (November 2, 1932 – November 1, 2022) was an American politician. He represented Kentucky's Third Congressional District from 1971 through 1995 as a Democrat. He was the primary architect, with Senator Alan Simpson, of major immigration reform legislation known as Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986.

He died at his home in Louisville on November 1, 2022.

## References
## Other websites
*September 2006 article, co-authored with Alan Simpson, revisiting their 1986 immigration reform legislation in the current political climate
*Romano L. Mazzoli Oral History Collection, University Archives and Records Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
Jan Laverty Jones

**Jan Laverty Jones** (born **Janis Lyle Laverty**, later **Blackhurst**; March 16, 1949) is an American businesswoman and politician. She was mayor of Las Vegas, Nevada from 1991 to 1999 and the first woman to serve as mayor of Las Vegas. Jones is a member of the Democratic Party.

## References
Oscar Goodman

**Oscar Baylin Goodman** (born July 26, 1939) is an American attorney and politician. He was the mayor of Las Vegas, Nevada from 1999 to 2011. His wife, Carolyn Goodman, replaced him as mayor in 2011. 

Goodman is an Independent and a former member of the Democratic Party.

Goodman is known for legalizing prostitution in Las Vegas and allowing brothels to be open in Las Vegas.

## References
Carolyn Goodman (politician)

**Carolyn Goldmark Goodman** (born March 25, 1939) is an American politician. She became the mayor of Las Vegas, Nevada in 2011. She is the wife of former mayor and attorney Oscar Goodman and the second female mayor of Las Vegas, after Jan Laverty Jones.

Goodman was mayor of Las Vegas during the 2017 Las Vegas shooting.

On August 3, 2016, Goodman refused to support Hillary Clinton or Donald Trump in the 2016 presidential election.

## References
Sebastian Stan

**Sebastian Stan** (born 13 August 1982) is a Romanian-American actor. He is known for his television role as Carter Baizen in *Gossip Girl* and for his movie role as Bucky Barnes / Winter Soldier in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, beginning with 2011's *Captain America: The First Avenger* and later also in *Captain America: The Winter Soldier* (2014), Ant-Man (2015) *Captain America: Civil War* (2016), *Black Panther* (2018), *Avengers: Infinity War* (2018), *Avengers: Endgame* (2019) and in the Disney+ miniseries *The Falcon and the Winter Soldier* (2021). In 2015, he co-starred in Jonathan Demme's comedy-drama *Ricki and the Flash* and Ridley Scott's science fiction film *The Martian*. In 2017, he portrayed Jeff Gillooly in the biopic *I, Tonya*.

## References
Marvin Kalb

**Marvin Leonard Kalb** (born June 9, 1930) is an American journalist. Kalb was the founding director of the Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy and Edward R. Murrow Professor of Press and Public Policy from 1987 to 1999.

Kalb spent 30 years as an award-winning reporter for CBS News and NBC News. Kalb was the last newsman hired by Edward R. Murrow to join CBS News.

At NBC, he served as chief Diplomatic Correspondent and host of *Meet the Press*. His brother, Bernard Kalb, is also a journalist.

## References
## Other websites
* About Marvin Kalb at *The Kalb Report* from the George Washington University website
* Marvin Kalb's Profile at Harvard University  from the John F. Kennedy School of Government website
* Marvin Kalb's Expert Page at The Brookings Institution from The Brookings Institution website
*
Randolph County

**Randolph County** is the name of eight counties in the United States:
* Randolph County, Alabama
* Randolph County, Arkansas
* Randolph County, Georgia
* Randolph County, Illinois
* Randolph County, Indiana
* Randolph County, Missouri
* Randolph County, North Carolina
* Randolph County, West Virginia
John L. Burton

**John Lowell Burton** (December 15, 1932 &ndash; September 7, 2025) was an American politician. He was Chairman of the California Democratic Party from April 2009 until May 2017. He was in the California State Assembly (1965–74), in the U.S. House of Representatives (1974–83), in the State Assembly again (1988–96), and in the California State Senate (1996-2004) (representing the 3rd district).

Burton died under hospice care in San Francisco, California on September 7, 2025 from problems caused by a fall at the age of 92.

## References
## Other websites
*John L. Burton *for* Democratic Party Chair, burton2009.com; accessed May 22, 2019.
*"Our Man in Sacramento" (2002), *San Francisco Chronicle*; accessed January 7, 2018.
*Burton used mastery of politics in long career , *San Diego Union-Tribune*, December 5, 2004.
Berthold Leibinger

**Berthold Leibinger** (26 November 1930 – 16 October 2018) was a German engineer, entrepreneur and philanthropist. He was the head of the German company Trumpf, a leader in laser technology. He was founder of the non-profit foundation Berthold Leibinger Stiftung. He was on the advisory board of major companies and was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Stuttgart.

Leibinger died of complications from Alzheimer's disease on 16 October 2018 in Stuttgart, aged 87.

## References
## Other websites
* Berthold Leibinger Stiftung
* TRUMPF GmbH + Co KG 
* Carter Dogherty: A Happy Family of 8,000, but for How Long? The New York Times 11 July 2009
* Klaus Köster: Berthold Leibinger / Stuttgarter Trumpf-Seniorchef ist tot Stuttgarter Nachrichten 16 October 2018
* Berthold Leibinger spendet zum 25-jährigen Jubiläum der Berthold Leibinger Stiftung 100.000 Euro für soziale Zwecke stiftungen.org
* Bettina Wieselmann: Trumpf-Seniorchef Leibinger (84) im Gespräch über seine späte Promotion  (interview) Südwest Presse 5 December 2014
* Vom Lehrling zum Welt-Unternehmer – Der einzigartige Lebensbericht des Berthold Leibinger p-felixberger.de 2010
Jacques Monory

**Jacques Monory** (25 June 1924 – 17 October 2018) was a French painter and filmmaker. Monory was first exhibited at the Drouant-David Gallery in Paris in 1952. During the 1960s, he became one of the leading figures of the European movement of pop art.

In 1968, he directed the influential movie Ex- and painted the series Les Meurtres (Murders) .

Monory died on 17 October 2018 in Paris from pneumonia at the age of 94.

## References
## Other websites
* Jacques Monory (1934) . Luxembourg National Museum of History and Art. Accessed 2011-01-05.
* La Figuration narrative. Centre Pompidou. Accessed 2011-01-05.
* galerie anne-marie et roland pallade  Expo 
* Cachan. Accessed 2018-02-06
* "What to See in Galleries This Week" (2018-01-24). New York Times. Accessed 2018-01-24. 
* Richard Taittinger Gallery. Accessed 2018-02-08.
Chagatai Khan

**Chagatai Khan** was the second son of Genghis Khan. He was the Khan Chagatai Khanate from 1226 to 1242.
The name of the Chagatai language and the Chagatai Turks is derived from his name.

## Related pages 
* Chagatai Khanate
Young Man (album)

***Young Man*** is the sixth studio album by American country music artist Jack Ingram. The album was released on March 9, 2004.

## Track listing
# "Beat Up Ford" – 3:45  
# "Make My Heart Flutter" – 2:38  
# "Sight Unseen" – 2:45  
# "Living Beyond My Means" – 2:48  
# "Things Get Cloudy" – 3:06  
# "A Song For Amy" – 4:34  
# "Drive On" – 5:35  
# "Lonesome Question" – 4:00  
# "Still Got Scars" – 3:13 
# "Younger Days" – 3:22  
# "Tuesday Night" – 2:57 
# "Workin'" – 2:41     
# "Mary Go Round" – 3:20  
# "One Light Town" – 5:18  
# "Travis County (Recorded Live At Gruene Hall)" – 3:13

## References
Jan Jakob Tønseth

**Jan Jakob Tønseth** (1 September 1947 &ndash; 12 October 2018) was a Norwegian author, poet and translator. He was born in Oslo. Tønseth's first poetry collection was *Kimærer* in 1971, published when he was 24 years. He was known for his novel trilogy *Hilmar Iversens ensomhet* (1992), *Et vennskap* (1997) and *Resignasjon og portvin* (2002). Tønseth was a member of Norwegian Academy for Language and Literature.

Tønseth died on 12 October 2018 in Oslo from multiple myeloma at the age of 71.

## References
Imogen Cunningham

**Imogen Cunningham** (; April 12, 1883 – June 23, 1976) was an American photographer. She was known for her botanical photography, nudes, and industrial landscapes. Cunningham was a member of the California-based Group f/64, known for its dedication to the focus of simple subjects.

## References
## Other websites
* Imogen Cunningham Trust
* Imogen Cunningham at Photo Liaison
Ego Nwodim

**Egobunma** "**Ego**" **Nwodim** (; born March 10, 1988) is an American actress and comedian. She is a featured player on the forty-fourth season of *Saturday Night Live*. She starred in supporting roles on television for Nwodim include *Law & Order True Crime: The Menendez Murders* (a three-episode arc in 2017), *2 Broke Girls*, and *Living Biblically*.

## References
## Other websites
*
*Upright Citizens Brigade page
Ara Güler

**Ara Güler** (, August 16, 1928 – October 17, 2018) was an Armenian-Turkish photojournalist. He was nicknamed "the Eye of Istanbul" or "the Photographer of Istanbul". He was "one of Turkey's few internationally known photographers". He was born in Istanbul.

Güler traveled on assignment to Iran, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Kenya, New Guinea, Borneo, as well as all parts of Turkey. In the 1970s he photographed politicians and artists such as Winston Churchill, Indira Gandhi, Maria Callas, John Berger, Bertrand Russell, Willy Brandt, Alfred Hitchcock, Ansel Adams, Imogen Cunningham, Marc Chagall, Salvador Dalí and Pablo Picasso.

Güler's archive contains some 800,000 photographic slides.

Güler died in Istanbul on October 17, 2018 from a heart attack, aged 90.

## References
Awkwafina

**Nora Lum** (born June 2, 1988) known by the stage name **Awkwafina**, is an American rapper and actress. She appeared in the movies ''Ocean's 8* and *Crazy Rich Asians''. She was born in New York City.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Heidi Gardner

**Heidi Lynn Gardner** (born July 27, 1983) is an American actress and comedian. She was born in Kansas City, Missouri. She is known as a cast member on *Saturday Night Live*. She also voices the anthropomorphic cat Cooch on the Crackle series *SuperMansion*.

In 2018, she played the supporting role of Leonor in the Ben Falcone movie *Life of the Party*.

Gardner is known for her impressions of Dana Bash, Kristen Schaal, Allison Janney, Ariana Grande and Taylor Swift.

## References
## Other websites
*
Montvale, New Jersey

**Montvale** is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2020 United States Census, the borough's population was 8,436.

## References
Jim Acosta

**Abilio James Acosta** (born April 17, 1971) is an American journalist. He was born in Washington, D.C.. He was is currently the chief&nbsp;White House correspondent for CNN. Acosta was the national political correspondent for CNN.

## References
## Other websites
* CNN Profile
* Jim Acosta’s Cuba Blog  at CNN
*
*
Dana Bash

**Dana Bash** (born **Dana Ruth Schwartz**; June 15, 1971) is an American journalist, anchorwoman and political correspondent. She is known for being a correspondent for *CNN*.

Born in New York City to a Jewish family and raised in Montvale, New Jersey.

Bash was one of the women honored at *Elle* magazine's 2014 "Women in Washington Power List" event.

## References
## Other websites
* Dana Bash's profile at CNN
Jaques Wagner

**Jaques Wagner** (born 16 March 1951) is a Brazilian politician. He was Governor of Bahia from 2007 to 2015 and Minister of Defence in 2015. He was born in Rio de Janeiro. Since 2019, he has been a Senator for the state of Bahia. He was a political strategist for former President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva's 2022 presidential campaign.

## References
## Other websites
*Jaques Wagner - Candidato a reeleição - Governador da Bahia 
*Jaques Wagner 
*Reeleição Jaques Wagner 
*Jaques Wagner conversa com os internautas
Maari 2

***Maari 2*** is a 2018 Tamil language romantic action movie directed by Balaji Mohan. It is a sequel to his 2015 movie *Maari*. Dhanush produced the movie under his company Wunderbar Films. He also stars as the title character. Sai Pallavi plays the female lead. Shooting ended in August 2018.

## Response
This movie received mixed reviews from critics.  IMDb (Internet Movie Dadabase) shows it with 6.8 stars out of 10. But it received positive reviews from family audience and became a box office success.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Si3 (movie)

***Singam 3*** is a 2017 Indian Tamil-language action masala movie written and directed by Hari. A sequel to *Singam II* (2013) and the third movie in the *Singam* franchise, it stars Suriya, Anushka Shetty  and Shruti Haasan  in the lead roles. It is the fifth collaboration of Suriya and Hari.

Principal photography commenced in January 2016 in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. The movie was released worldwide on 9 February 2017 along with the Telugu dubbed version, *Yamudu 3*.

## Cast
* Suriya as DCP S. Durai Singam"Singam"
* Anushka Shetty as Kavya
* Raadhika as Ramakrishna's wife
* Shruti Haasan as Vidhya
* Krish as V. Sreenivas
* Thakur Anoop Singh as Vittal Prasad "Vittal"
* Nithin Sathya as Murali
* Soori as Veera Babu "Veeram"
* Robo Shankar as Subba Rao "Subbu"
* Sarath Babu as K.C.D.P. Sathyanarayana Reddygaru, Home Minister of Andhra Pradesh
* Vijayakumar as Ramanathan, Home Minister of Tamil Nadu
* Sharat Saxena as Madhu Sudhana Reddy "M. S. Reddy"
* Nassar as Mahalingam
* Radha Ravi as Soundara Pandi, Durai Singam's father
* Janaki Sabesh as Bharathi, Mahalingam's wife
* Sumithra as Kalyani, Durai Singam's mother
* Yuvarani as Dhanalakshmi, Durai Singam's sister
* Manorama as Kavya's grandmother
* Delhi Kumar as Kavya's grandfather
* Imman Annachi as Pushparaj
* Thyagu as Habour Shanmugam
* Prem as Customs officer Ananda Rao
* Sarayu as Custom's officer Ananda Rao's wife
* Chaams as G. Sathyan
* Joe Malloori as School teacher
* Jayaprakash as Commissioner Ramakrishna
* Suman as Ram Prasad
* Mohan Raman as Judge
* Crane Manohar as Palani
* Sandra Amy as Aarthi
* Nalini as Thandubazaar Thangam
* Jeeva Ravi as Mallaya
* Neetu Chandra special appearance in the song "Sone Sone"

## Box office
Si3  film collected  in domestic box office on its opening day and  in 5 days of release. The film collected  worldwide in 6 days.
Singam 3 final box-office was approximately 136 crores. And the film completed 100 days run and was declared *super hit*.

## References
## Other websites
*
Jim Brown

**James Nathaniel Brown** (February 17, 1936 &ndash; May 18, 2023) was an American football player and actor. He was a running back for the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL) from 1957 through 1965. He is thought to be one of the greatest football players of all time. 

An actor, Brown was known for his role as Byron Williams in Tim Burton's 1996 movie *Mars Attacks!*.

Brown was born in St. Simons Island, Georgia. In 2002, he was named by *The Sporting News* as the greatest professional football player ever.

Brown died on May 18, 2023 at his home in Los Angeles, California at the age of 87.

## References
St. Simons, Georgia

**St. Simons Island** or simply **St. Simons** is a barrier island and census-designated place (CDP) located on St. Simons Island in Glynn County, Georgia, United States. 

The community and the island are interchangeable, known simply as "St. Simons Island", or locally as "The Island".  

St. Simons is part of the Brunswick, Georgia Metropolitan Statistical Area, and according to the 2020 census, the CDP had a population of 14,982.

## References
Kerch Polytechnic College massacre

On 17 October 2018, a bomb attack and school shooting happened in the dining room and second floor of Kerch Polytechnic College in Kerch, Crimea. The school is attended by students aged 15 to mid-20s. 20 people (15 students and 5 staff members) died and over 53 were injured, 12 of them critically.

The shooter was 18-year-old student Vladislav Roslyakov, who after the attack killed himself. One of the survivors said the shooting lasted 15 minutes.

The crime is under investigation as a mass murder and not terrorist attack.

Russian President Vladimir Putin described the attack as a "tragic event" and offered his condolences to the victims' families while attending a conference in Sochi.

Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko expressed condolences to the victims, whom he described as Ukrainian citizens.

## References
Robert W. Doran

**Robert William Doran** HFNZCS (5 November 1944 – 13 October 2018) was a New Zealand computer scientist and historian of computing. He was Professor Emeritus of Computer Science at the University of Auckland, New Zealand. His research interests included computer architecture, parallel algorithms, and computer programming. He was also interested in the history of computing.

Doran died on 13 October 2018 at home in Auckland, aged 73.

## References
Ayub Bachchu

**Ayub Bachchu** (; 16 August 1962 He was a member of the band Feelings and later he joined the band Souls as lead guitarist. He was one the most influential figures in Bangladeshi rock music. 

Bachchu died of a heart attack in Dhaka on 18 October 2018 at the age of 56

## Related pages
*List of Bangladeshi male singers

## References
Abdul Raziq Achakzai

General **Abdul Raziq Achakzai** (), (1979 – October 18, 2018) was an officer in the Afghan National Police. He was born in Kandahar Province of Afghanistan and was a member of Pashtun people.

In November 2001 Raziq joined anti-Taliban forces, under Fayda Mohammad and Gul Agha Sherzai, which overthrew the Taliban in Kandahar. In 2001, he rose to command the Afghanistan Border Police on Afghanistan's border between Kandahar and Pakistan's Balochistan Province.

Achakzai was alleged to have committed numerous human right violations including extrajudicial killings, forced disappearances and torture in the Kandahar province.

He was killed by a gunman who opened fire on Security  Officials as they were leaving a meeting in Kandahar on October 18, 2018, aged 39.

## References
Anthea Bell

in 2015]]

**Anthea Bell** OBE (10 May 1936 – 18 October 2018) was an English translator. She was born in Suffolk and went to Somerville College, Oxford. She translated many literary works, especially children's literature, from French, German and Danish. These include *Austerlitz* by W. G. Sebald, the *Inkworld* trilogy by Cornelia Funke and the French *Asterix* comics along with co-translator Derek Hockridge.

Bell died on 18 October 2018 from complications of Alzheimer's disease at the age of 82.

## References
Dinosaur size

**Dinosaur size** has long been of interest to the scientific and the public. Dinosaurs show some of the most extreme variations in size of any land animal group, ranging from the tiny hummingbirds, which can weigh as little as three grams, to the extinct titanosaurs, which could weigh as much as .

We will never be certain of the largest and smallest dinosaurs to have existed. This is because only a tiny percentage of animals ever fossilize, and most of these remain buried in the earth. Few specimens recovered are complete skeletons, and impressions of skin and other soft tissues are rare. Rebuilding a complete skeleton by comparing the size and morphology of bones to those of similar, better-known species is an inexact art, and reconstructing the muscles and other organs of the living animal is, at best, a process of educated guesswork. Weight estimates for dinosaurs are much more variable than length estimates, because estimating length for extinct animals is much more easily done from a skeleton than estimating weight. Estimating weight is most easily done with the laser scan skeleton technique that puts a "virtual" skin over it, but even this is only an estimate.

Current evidence suggests that dinosaur average size varied through the Triassic, early Jurassic, late Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. Predatory theropod dinosaurs, which occupied most terrestrial carnivore niches during the Mesozoic, most often fall into the 100- to 1,000-kilogram (220 to 2,200&nbsp;lb) category when sorted by estimated weight into categories based on order of magnitude. In comparison, recent predatory carnivore mammals peak in the 10- to 100-kilogram (22 to 220&nbsp;lb) category. The mode of Mesozoic dinosaur body masses is between one and ten metric tonnes. This contrasts sharply with the size of Cenozoic mammals, estimated by the National Museum of Natural History as about .

## References
Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab

**Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab** (; 1 January 1934 – 18 October 2018), also known by his initials **ARSD**, was a Sudanese soldier who was the 5th President of Sudan and Chairman of the Military Council from 1985 to 1986. Previously, Dahab was the Minister of Defense under President Gaafar Nimeiry from March to April 1985. Dahab led a successful coup d'état against President Nimeiry on 6 April 1985 due to his failures to stop the Second Sudanese Civil War.

In 1986, Dahab called for elections to elect a civilian government. Ahmed al-Mirghani was elected as President and Sadiq al-Mahdi as Prime Minister. Dahab officially handed over power to the elected civilian government on 6 May 1986.

After his presidency, Dahab moved to Riyadh, Saudi Arabia where he died on 18 October 2018, at the age of 84.

## References
Moi-Yo Miller

**Moi-Yo Miller** was the stage name of **Mona Loretta Miller** (24 April 1914 – 7 October 2018), was an Australian entertainer. She toured the world as a magicians assistant and illusionist to the stage magician Dante (Aka Harry Jansen), during the Golden Age of Magic of the 1930s and 1940s.

In 1993 she received the Dragon Award presented by the J. Marberger Stuart Foundation. She celebrated her 100th birthday in 2014.

Miller died of dementia on 7 October 2018 in Prahran, Victoria at the age of 104.

## References
Dick Slater

**Richard Van Slater** (May 19, 1951 – October 18, 2018) better known by his ring name **"Dirty" Dick Slater**, was an American professional wrestler. He was born in Tampa, Florida. He wrestled in the 1970s, 1980s, and mid-1990s for many promotions including Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling and World Championship Wrestling (WCW).

Slater began wrestling in Championship Wrestling from Florida and Georgia Championship Wrestling.  He worked as a booker in Knoxville, Tennessee after Ron Fuller sold his promotion to Jim Barnett. 

He wrestled briefly in the World Wrestling Federation as a babyface under a "Rebel" gimmick, but soon returned to WCW.  He wrestled there until receiving his back injury that ended his career.

In June 2004, Slater was convicted for the stabbing of his former girlfriend Theresa Halbert.  He was sentenced to one year of house arrest and two years of probation.  He blamed the incident on influence from painkillers. 

Slater died on October 18, 2018 at the age of 67.

## References
## Other websites
*CWF Archives 
*
Devin Nunes

**Devin Gerald Nunes** (; born October 1, 1973) is an American politician who has been Chair of the President's Intelligence Advisory Board since 2025. He was the U.S. Representative for  from 2003 until 2022. He is a Republican. He was the chairman of the United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence and was a member of President Trump's transition team.

In December 2021, Nunes resigned from Congress to join Trump Media & Technology Group as chief executive officer. He officially resigned on January 1, 2022.

## References
Tulare, California

**Tulare** ( ) is a city in Tulare County, California. The population was 68,875 at the 2020 census.

The city is named for the currently dry Tulare Lake, once the largest freshwater lake west of the Great Lakes. The city is sixty miles north of Bakersfield, California.

## Famous people
*Devin Nunes (born 1973), former member of U.S. House of Representatives

## References
N. D. Tiwari

**Narayan Datt Tiwari** (18 October 1925 – 18 October 2018) was an Indian politician. He was the only Indian politician to be chief minister of two different Indian states.

He was formerly in Praja Socialist Party and Indian National Congress. In 2017, he joined the Bharatiya Janata Party

He was Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh (1976–77, 1984–85, 1988–89) and Chief Minister of Uttarakhand (2002–2007). In 1986–1987, he was in Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi's cabinet as Minister for External Affairs. He was Governor of Andhra Pradesh from 2007 until 2009.

Tiwari died on his 93rd birthday on 18 October 2018 in New Delhi from multiple organ failure.

## References
List of heads of state of Sudan

This article lists the **heads of state of Sudan** since the country's independence in 1956.

## Background
Since independence was proclaimed on 1 January 1956, six individuals (and three multi-member sovereignty councils) have served as head of state of Sudan. Sudan was governed as a condominium by Egypt and the United Kingdom, under the name Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.

In November 1958, General Ibrahim Abboud led a military coup d'état, assuming the role of head of state as Chairman of the Supreme Council. Assuming the title of president in 1964, he resigned later that year due to general discontent around the rule of the military regime.

Abboud was replaced by a senior civil servant, Sirr Al-Khatim Al-Khalifa, who served as acting president for 18 days before transferring executive authority to a Committee of Sovereignty.

## List 
(Dates in italics indicate *de facto* continuation of office)

### Governor-General
### List 
## References
## Other websites
* Official website of the President of Sudan
* World Statesmen – Sudan