මූසා (ගණය)

## පද්ධතිමය සහ වර්ගීකරණය
### ඉතිහාසය
Classical Latin briefly had a name for bananas, namely *ariena*, used by Pliny the Elder (*Natural History*, XII.12). According to Alexander von Humboldt, that term may have been a borrowing from Sanskrit *varana* via Greek rendition *ouarana*, following the Indian campaign of Alexander the Great.

Due to the rarity of bananas in the Late Antiquity and early Middle Ages, the term *ariena* faded out of use. During the late Middle Ages, international trade brought bananas to Europe, which created the need for a name. In the , Medieval Latin innovated a term *musa*: this was most likely the latinization of the Arabic name for the fruit, *mauz* (موز). Thus, the 11th-century Arabic encyclopedia *The Canon of Medicine*, which was translated to Latin in medieval times and well known in Europe, shows a correspondence between Arabic *mauz* and Latin *musa*. From there, the term was borrowed into the Austronesian languages of the area, and migrated across Asia, via the Dravidian languages of India, into Persian, Greek, and Arabic as a *Wanderwort*:

:

The late Latin term *musa* was later chosen by Carl Linnaeus in 1753, as the name for the genus. 

### අංශ
*Musa* sections have a history dating back to 1887, when M.P. Sagot published "Sur le genre Bananier", where the genus *Musa* was first formally classified. In this article, Sagot arranged the *Musa* species into three groups, although no section names were assigned to them. The grouping was based on morphological traits, establishing the trio as bananas with fleshy fruit, ornamental bananas with upright inflorescences and bracts that were vibrantly colored, and bananas that were giant in size.

Five years after Sagot's article, J.G. Baker made the first formal designation of *Musa* sections. To do so, he named three subgenera that almost paralleled the sections that had been described by Sagot. These sections were: 
* *M*. subg. *Physocaulis* Baker – defined by a bract with many flowers, inedible fruits, and a bottle-shaped stem
* *M.* subg. *Rhodochlamys* Baker – defined by brightly colored bracts with few flowers, usually inedible fruits, and cylindrical stems
* *M.* subg. *Eumusa* Baker – defined by green, brown, or dull-violet bracts with many flowers, usually edible fruits, and cylindrical stems.

After this classification, in 1947, Cheeseman reclassified the taxa based on morphological features and chromosome number. This project proposed four sections: 
* *M*. sect. *Eumusa* Cheesman (2n = 2x = 22)
* *M*. sect. *Rhodochlamys* (Baker) Cheesman (2n = 2x = 22)
* *M*. sect. *Australimusa* Cheesman (2n = 2x = 20)
* *M.* sect. *Callimusa* Cheesman (2n = 2x = 20)

The addition of another *Musa* section came in 1976 by G.C.G. Ardent. The added section, *M*. sect. *Ingentimusa*, Ardent was based on a single species, *Musa ingens*. This designation put the number of sections in *Musa* at five: *Eumusa*, *Rhodochlamys*, *Callimusa*, *Australimusa*, and *Ingentimusa*.

In the 21st century, genomics have become cheaper, more efficient, and more accurate, and *Musa* genetic research has increased exponentially. Research was conducted around a diversity of genomic markers (cpDNA, nrDNA, rDNA, introns, various spacers, etc.). The results of many of these studies suggested that the five sections of *Musa* defined by morphology (and listed above) were not monophyletic.

Based on the incorrect section grouping, Markku Häkkinen proposed another reclassification of the *Musa* sections in 2013. Using a multitude of genetic evidence and markers from other studies, Häkkinen suggested the reduction of five *Musa* sections into two: *Musa* and *Callimusa*. The history of *Musa* sections provides an example of genomics superseding morphological evidence and thus classifications.

### විශේෂ
The World Checklist of Selected Plant Families accepts 68 species and two primary hybrids, , which are listed below. The assignment to sections is based on GRIN (where this gives the species), regrouped according to Wong et al.

#### Section *Callimusa* (incorporating *Australimusa*)
[A] and [C] indicate known placement in the former sections *Australimusa* and *Callimusa*, respectively.
**M.*&nbsp;×&nbsp;*alinsanaya* R.V.Valmayor [A]
**M.&nbsp;azizii* Häkkinen
**M.&nbsp;barioensis* Häkkinen
**M.&nbsp;bauensis* Häkkinen & Meekiong [C]
**M.&nbsp;beccarii* N.W.Simmonds [A]
**M.&nbsp;boman* Argent [A]
**M.&nbsp;borneensis* Becc. [C]
**M.&nbsp;bukensis* Argent [A] 
**M.&nbsp;campestris* Becc. [C]
**M.&nbsp;coccinea* Andrews [C] &ndash; scarlet banana
**M.&nbsp;exotica* R.V.Valmayor [C]
**M.&nbsp;fitzalanii* F.Muell. [A] – extinct
**M.&nbsp;gracilis* Holttum [C]
**M.&nbsp;hirta* Becc. [A]
**M.&nbsp;insularimontana* Hayata [A]
**M.&nbsp;jackeyi* W.Hill [A]
**M.&nbsp;johnsii* Argent [A]
**M.&nbsp;lawitiensis* Nasution & Supard. [C]
**M.&nbsp;lokok* Geri & Ng
**M.&nbsp;lolodensis* Cheesman [A]
**M.&nbsp;maclayi* F.Muell. ex Mikl.-Maclay [A]
**M.&nbsp;monticola* M.Hotta ex Argent [A]
**M.&nbsp;muluensis* M.Hotta [A]
**M.&nbsp;paracoccinea* A.Z.Liu & D.Z.Li [C]
**M.&nbsp;peekelii* Lauterb. [A]
**M.&nbsp;salaccensis* Zoll. ex Backer [A]
**M.&nbsp;textilis* Née [A] &ndash; Abacá
**M.*&nbsp;×&nbsp;*troglodytarum* L. [A] – the cultivated Fe'i bananas
**M.&nbsp;tuberculata* M.Hotta [A]
***M.&nbsp;violascens* Ridl. [C]
**M.&nbsp;viridis* R.V.Valmayor et al.
**M.&nbsp;voonii* Häkkinen

#### Section *Ingentimusa*
**M.&nbsp;ingens* N.W.Simmonds

#### *මූසා* කොටස (*රොඩොක්ලැමයිස්* ඇතුලත් කිරීම)
]]
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'' 'Roxburgh' in China]]

**M.&nbsp;acuminata* Colla &ndash; wild seeded banana, one of the two main ancestors of modern edible banana cultivars
***M. acuminata* subsp. *zebrina* [= *M.&nbsp;sumatrana*] &ndash; blood banana
**M.&nbsp;aurantiaca* G.Mann ex Baker
**M.&nbsp;balbisiana* Colla &ndash; wild seeded banana, one of the two main ancestors of modern edible banana cultivars
**M.&nbsp;banksii* F.Muell.
**M.&nbsp;basjoo* Siebold & Zucc. ex Iinuma &ndash; Japanese fiber banana, hardy banana
**M.&nbsp;cheesmanii* N.W.Simmonds
**M.&nbsp;chunii* Häkkinen
**M.&nbsp;griersonii* Noltie
**M.&nbsp;itinerans* Cheesman
**M.&nbsp;mannii* H.Wendl. ex Baker
**M.&nbsp;nagensium* Prain
**M.&nbsp;ochracea* K.Sheph.
**M.&nbsp;ornata* Roxb.
**Musa* × *paradisiaca* L. = *M.&nbsp;acuminata* × *M.&nbsp;balbisiana* – many of the cultivated edible bananas
**M.&nbsp;rosea* Baker
**M.&nbsp;rubinea* Häkkinen & C.H.Teo
**M.&nbsp;rubra* Wall. ex Kurz (syn. *Musa laterita* Cheesman)
**M.&nbsp;sanguinea* Hook.f.
**M.&nbsp;schizocarpa* N.W.Simmonds
**M.&nbsp;siamensis* Häkkinen & Rich.H.Wallace
**M.&nbsp;sikkimensis* Kurz
**M.&nbsp;thomsonii* (King ex Baker) A.M.Cowan & Cowan
**M.&nbsp;velutina* H.Wendl. & Drude &ndash; pink banana
**M.&nbsp;yunnanensis* Häkkinen & H.Wang &ndash; Yunnan banana, wild forest banana
**M.&nbsp;zaifui* Häkkinen & H.Wang

#### Section undetermined or unknown
**M.&nbsp;arfakiana* Argent
**M.&nbsp;arunachalensis* A.Joe, Sreejith & M.Sabu
**M.&nbsp;celebica* Warb. ex K.Schum.
**M.&nbsp;juwiniana* Meekiong
**M.&nbsp;kattuvazhana* K.C.Jacob
**M.&nbsp;lanceolata* Warb. ex K.Schum.
**M.&nbsp;lutea* R.V.Valmayor et al.
**M.&nbsp;sakaiana* Meekiong et al.
**M.&nbsp;splendida* A.Chev.
**M.&nbsp;tonkinensis* R.V.Valmayor et al.
**M.&nbsp;yamiensis* C.L.Yeh & J.H.Chen

#### Formerly placed here
**Ensete davyae* (Stapf) Cheesman (as *M. davyae* Stapf)
**Ensete gilletii* (De Wild.) Cheesman (as *M. gilletii* De Wild. or *M. martretiana* A.Chev.)
**Ensete glaucum* (Roxb.) Cheesman (as *M. glauca* Roxb.)
**Ensete lasiocarpum* (Franch.) Cheesman (as *M. lasiocarpa* Franch.) – also placed in a separate genus as *Musella lasiocarpa* (Franch.) C.Y.Wu ex H.W.Li
**Ensete livingstoniana* (J. Kirk) Cheesman (as *M. livingstoniana* J.Kirk)
**Ensete perrieri* (Stapf) Cheesman (as *M. perrieri* Claverie)
**Ensete superbum* (Roxb.) Cheesman (as *M. superba* Roxb.)
**Ensete ventricosum* (Welw.) Cheesman (as *M. arnoldiana* De Wild., *M. ensete* J.F.Gmel. or *M. ventricosum* (Welw.) Cheesman)
**Heliconia bihai* (L.) L. (as *M. bihai* L.)