Anwal n Usammr

## Taẓuṛi n usnwi g unẓul-ugmiḍ n Lmɣrib (Asmmr)
Anwal amaḍlan ikkad kigan n tsnḍaw, imann d usmuynu d usbuɣlu d tnfla issn ufgan g usddiy n umzruy sg zik ar ass a. Addad g illa usnwi dɣi iga tayafut n kigan n unada d usnflul ittugan g igr n tẓuṛi n usnwi.

Anwal iga yat tirslt sg tirsal ɣf tbdda tudrt n ufgan imkinna iga yan ufrdis ilan tazdayt d kull tiwuriwin n tudrt zund takrza, tadamsa, tasbbabt, tadlsa, tamallayt d kigan n yigran yaḍnin. 

Anwal n Tmazɣa, awd ntta, issn wahli n tnfla d usnflul. Ig da digs nttnada da nttakz is nlla dat yan unwal amqran ilan adɣar akswat g umaḍal. Ntta iga tisit ɣf umzruy n ugdud amaziɣ d timmuɣra n tɣrma nns.

Tamazɣa tsman kigan n tmura, tamẓ yat trakalt taxatrat g llan irkazn ur imyaɣn zund tanẓṛuft, aẓaɣar, ijdirn, iftasn, idurar, isaffn, ileln… Anzwi nns, awd ntta ur immrwasn, tsmundt d wanawn igguten n wakaln, lan atig axatar lumaṛ g tkrza d usgmi n tugt n wanawn n imudar d imɣan. 

Ig nsman ifrdisn ad, nals asn tayri n imaziɣn i tuṛi d wuttci n tiram ifulkin, qqad aɣd kin yat tẓuṛi d yakkan kigan n intman d ikʷlan mi ur ittiɣiy ufgan ad digsn iddjawn.

Asnwi n tiram ur igi hill ɣas uttci nɣd tafugla, iga awd yan usmi n usasfr ɣur illa untl amqran g ussujd n tirmt tasakart yakkan tanumi d tdusi i tfgga n ufgan. G tsga ad n usasfr ad nini nwis kan imaziɣn kigan n tyafutin g usmun n tinga g illa usafar i tmaḍunin d yiɣ-n-katn.

Yusa d wawal ɣf usntl ddɣ acku idrus mayd isawln yad ɣf wuttci d tẓuṛi n usnwi n imaziɣn, waxxa iga yan usntl ilan antl akswat g tudrt n ufgan d tili nns, slawan llig da nttafa g unwal n imaziɣn yat tẓlayt ẓaṛs istin, naf digs tiram nɣd uttcitn ur illin ɣur igdudn yaḍn.  Uttci nɣd masttca iga yan yigr adlsan d yan wayda ɣur illa yan watig mqqurn zund akʷ timyura n ufgan. S imki, iqqenn ad ig unwal asntl n irzzutn n imasnawn ɣur illa iswi n usbuɣlu n tẓuṛi ddɣ d usslmd n tussna ddɣ tamattant. 

Arrattn ittuskarn yad g igr n usnwi s umata, uwind kullu tn ɣf tiram d tɣarast s ttugant. D rru Afrak s watig n tẓuṛi ad g usissn n tɣrma tamaziɣt d tmɣr nns, ayd aɣ yuwin ad narz g urzzu d usiggl ɣf ugar n isskin izdin s tẓuṛi ddɣ aɣd udjan imzwura zund yat tadla n ildjign iflujjan. Tmasayt d waga n ufrag i trusi d udjan imzwura nnɣ llan ɣf ugṛḍ nnɣ, lumaṛ g uzmz ddɣ n tsmaḍalt g iggudy imizi n wad acckint tfras n wudm n wayda amaziɣ, ifsy agnsu n wayda amaḍlan. inɣmisn illan g umgrad ddɣ ugmɣ tn d ɣur tmɣarin n iɣrm timqqranin. 

Asnwi d tẓuṛi n unwal ur gin ɣas utci d yiry i laẓ d fad, maka gan yat tɣarast issisfiwn d immaln tanfla n ufgan, amzruy nns, aswingm nns, tudrt nns, ula tadlsa nns...atg. S uzday s igr n tdlsa ula d win taskla d yɣrma tamaziɣt, iqqenn ad nini nwis asnwi d unwal gan yan unrar amqran g ttufrg tussna d wawal amaziɣ. Imki ilaq ad nessfw nwis llan wahli n izdayn ingr tadlsa d unwal, maka s uzgzl ad nawy awal xf tnqqaḍ a: 

G zwar iqqenn ad nini nwis asnwi n ugdud iga inigi afṛḍiy ɣf tɣrma nns imkinna inna Marsil Murf. Aya n wawal iga tidt awd ɣur ugdud amaziɣ.  

Asnwi d unwal ar ttawsn g ufrag i tutlayt s ufrag n tguriwin tiqburin zund tinna izdin s : ibckan (agʷra, azrg, afrdu..), s tinga (awerr, tisnt, assaɣn n icakan d igumma, tuga,….) , s tmyurin ittmunn d tiram (tellɣnja, udayn n tεcurt, iḍ sggʷas..), s imyagn (arf, ẓḍ, bri, ssif, ssnu, sɣus…),  s assaɣn n tmaḍunin (tawla, timzyin,…) d s kigan n yigran yaḍn izdin d unwal. 

Ur idd ɣas uttci ayd da ismunn ayt uxam ḍaṛt tdabut,  akud n tiram iga yat tizi n umrara n wawal d tukki n inɣmisn, taḍṣa d ulaha, imkinna iga yat tizi n umyalkam d umsawaḍ ingr ayt tawja, ing addjarn, ingr ayt tqbilt,..atg.  

Asnwi iga ammak aɣ ittawasn ad nisin ugar ɣf umzruy (amzruy n uswingm, amzruy n usnflul, amzruy n tdamsa d tkrza, amzruy n tskla…) d ad nisin ɣf tarakalt d tussnsskr n imzwura nnɣ. 

Asnwi ar immal tamagit n ku yan d ku agdud, iyg zund yat tmɣunt ingr imzdaɣ. Ig da nttini nccar tisnt nɣ nccar ṭṭεam hat ɣurs anamk n tamunt d umyisa d umsasa d nwis illa ufra d laman ingraɣ. 

Taskʷflt n usnfl ɣf tinga ayd igan inigi ɣf tdlsa n ufgan, tussnsskr nns ayd yakkan atig i tɣawsiwin d isllwu. 

Anwal amaziɣ awd ntta iga yan wansa mi ika ufgan amaziɣ kigan n uswingm d ussmɣr, aynna nenna ad niẓiṛ g uynna d iddan.

## Taẓuṛi n usnwi g Tmazɣa

Uttci iga yat tɣawsa ɣf tbdda tudrt n ufgan, ur izḍaṛ ad its ingiri, aynnaɣ ayd tyudjan ad isiggil tinga ula tiɣarasin s ittgga uttci nns. Asiggl nɣ arzzu ad ika d kigan n usnflul g usnwi n tiram, aynna aɣ yuwin ad nsawal ɣf tẓuṛi n usnwi g udɣar n usnwi n tiram nɣd uttci nnsnt.  

Asnwi g unwal ila kigan n ilugan n ussujd n tiram ula win tɣarast s ttuskarnt. G umaḍal masttca ur imyaɣ sg tmurt s tayḍ ula sg tmazirt s tayḍ. War amyaɣ ddɣ ar ittuɣul g yat tsga n wanatn  n igamatn illan g ku tamnaḍt, d mayd akkan n tinga d tmyafutin s ttugant tiram. Imkinna nssn ur id amm tinga illan g uẓaɣar ayd illan g tiniri, ula d tinna illan g idurar ayd illan g tsga n ilel. 

G tsga n Tmazɣa, taẓuṛi n usnwi tga yat tdlsa ittuyassnn g umaḍal s tuggt n wanawn n tiram digs illan (sksu, ṭṭajin, askkif, ṣṣfa, imrɣan, aɣrum, akanif…). Taẓuṛi a, llan ɣurs ilugan nns, d ibckan nns, ar ttuga s wahli n wanawn n tinga g tlla tdusi i tfgga n ufgan zund tifiyya, islman, igumma, imndi, timẓin, aɣu, akʷffay, icakan, tamamt, udi, azatim n uzmmur nɣd win wargan, tiyyni…atg. 

Anwal amaziɣ ila ansa nns ammas n unwal amaḍlan sg zik ar dɣi. Usint digs tmura kigan n tiram tnt issusmn. 

Awal ɣf tẓuṛi n unwal nɣd usnwi n tiram g Lmɣrib, iɣy ad aɣd ik agudiy n idlisn s lawan mk nsawl ɣf ku tasga d ku tamazirt s mas ttyassn. Tadlsa ddɣ tga yat tisit aɣ d immaln man taskʷflt nn tlkm tmɣur n tɣrma d man ayda adlsan illan dar tmurt ad. Tamurt n Lmɣrib da aɣd takka yat tswit tafrqact n tiram yaṭfutn idusn. Taẓuṛi n usnwi g Lmɣrib tga yat tdlsa ɣur illa yan wazal yajjguln, iḍṛṛḥn g wanatn, g tinga ula g ilugan. Tsman ikʷlan n isufir, tssiwl intmi amaraɣ d unna iḥllawn, tsmun aqurar d uzizaw, 

Dat tiram timaziɣin ur ɣurk a bla ad tfkd iman nnk i yiky s tẓuṛi n yirm d tawant digsnt illan.

## Kra n tiram timaziɣin

Anwal amaziɣ, iga yan unwal axatar mi ggutn wanawn n tiram d idus wuttci nns, maka g umgrad ad qqad nsiwl ɣf itsnt tiram timaziɣin ittuyassnn bahra g Tmazɣa.

* **Ṭṭajin** iga yan wassaɣ amaziɣ ɣur llan sin wanamkn: amzwaru igat ubcku n usnwi g Lmɣrib, ibrmi n idqqi awrerray iɣwban, tili digs yat tsmdlt ign agnduy iṭṭamzn iruggʷa; anamk wiss sin igat wana n wuttci digs inggʷan. Ṭṭajin iga yan wuttci g nɣy ad naf tiffiyya d icakan nɣd islman d icakan.
* **Aɣrum** iga yan ufrdis n tagrat n kigan n tmttiwin. Ar ittuga s uwrr, tisnt, aman. Ig as nga tamtunt da ittaly urktu ibzy adday nssnw aɣrum iffulsn I wutci n ṭṭajin d imrɣan. Maka ig ur as nrri tamtunt da ittɣima urktu imkinna iga s imki ar ittasy uɣrum ur imtinn assaɣ n araxsas, ittuzzrayn s watay.
* **Sksu**, tirmt ad tga tirmt taqburt n imaziɣn, g akuda tgjm ayda amaḍlan iddɣ as tfrg lyunisku. Sksu iṭṭaf ismawn yaḍn g tmizar yaḍn amm: "Sksu", "Siksi", "ksksu" g Ddzayr, Lmɣrib, Muriṭanya, d ɣur itrgiyen g tnẓṛuft. Imkinna tinn nttafa s wassaɣ n "kuskusi" g Tuns, Miṣṛ, d utaram n Libya.   Sksu ig mqqurn ibrin nns ar as tinin assaɣn yaḍn amm “abkukc” dar icawin g Ddzayr, “brkukt” ɣur imaziɣn n Lmɣrib.  Sksu iga yat trslt mqqurn ammas n usnwi amaziɣ. Tirmt ddɣ tga ɣur imaziɣn yat tmatart n tmagit, tmund d ufgan sg tlalit nns ar tamtti nns, acku ar ttilli g kull timdla nnsn, gant tin tumrt zund tamɣra, tarwa, taskra, ingbawn, nɣ d tin n lqrḥ amm tamtti.  
* **Imrɣan**, tirmt ad tla ansa akswat g wammas n tiram n unwal amaziɣ. Tirmt ad gant waman g inwa uksum d icakan, nɣd icakan day. G uynna ukzɣ, assaɣ n imrɣan ila anamk n waman irɣan imkinna iɣy ad yili ikka d afirs n uskkin imarɣn, ilan intmi n tisnt. Tirmt a tggudy aha g mastca akuyass n mddn. 
* **Askkif**, nɣ d **Aḥrir**, iga yat tirmt tamziɣt taqburt illan ak g tmizar n tmazɣa. Ar ttinin “Ccurba” g Ddzayr, Tuns d Libya, d “Inca” g Muriṭanya.  Askkif imkinna nẓṛa, walbdda ad ittuswa isul irɣa, aynnaɣ as iga masttca n tgrst. Ur idd ɣas askkif ayd igan assaɣ s ttuɣra tirmt ad, illa awd wassaɣ n “amngʷuḍ” g wawal n Ayt Mrɣad, imkinna illa “aḥrir” ittuyassnn g wahli idɣarn yaḍn. Tirmt ddɣ ar ttuga s uxellḍ n kigan n tinga d isufir irwin s uwrr.

## Taẓuṛi n usnwi g Usammr (anẓul-ugmiḍ n Lmɣrib)

G tsga n unẓul ugmiḍ n Lmɣrib nɣ Asammr, atig n tẓuṛi n usnwi d untl nns imqqur g ufrag n tmagit  d yimẓ g trusi n imzwura, imkinna iga yan inigi aqbur ɣf tmɣur n tɣrma n ku agdud.
Amm ɣur imaziɣn kullu, taẓuṛi n usnwi g Asammr tssn tanfla taxatart igan abrid i tlalit n kigan n tiram timaziɣin ɣur illa watig akswat ar takka agrrz d tdusi i tfgga n imzdaɣ. D amm ku ansa, Asammr ɣurs tiram ẓaṛs istin nna ur nttafa g awdyan udɣar yaḍnin. Llant tinna igan tin ku ass ilint tinna izdin d tmyurin. Imkinna llant tinna izdin d imirn n usggʷas. 

S umata tiram n unẓul ugmiḍ mmyaɣnt maka ar ittili ka n war ummrwas idrusn sg unsa ar wayḍ nɣd sg uqbil ar wayḍ. 

G uynna igan tiram ittuyassnn ɣur imzdaɣ kullutn ar nttafa : sksu, askkif, ṭṭajin, imrɣan, atay, aɣrum s wanatn nns… maka g uynna istin i ku tanila ad nasy ka n imdla zund : taḥlawt, tiynni inwan ar ttusuy s uɣrum ɣur Ayt Ɛtta, buxdduc (Mrgaz) d iḥrayn s itbirn ɣur Ayt Izdy, abadir d uqariḍ araxsas s tdunt ɣur Ayt Ḥliddu, ablbul s icakan d uɣu d uɣrum butguri s qwawc ɣur imzdaɣ n yijjyal n wasif n Ɣris (Amuggr, Amellagu..), tazart d sayyṛ iẓḍan g Warzazat d Tin Imgunn, lmdfuna g Rriṣani …

Imikkan llant tiram ittugan g usammr kullut maka llan ɣursnt wassaɣn ibḍan, imkinna nttafa g umdya n ublbul ilan assaɣ n “buttl” g Warzazat, “afḍuz” ɣur Ayt Tdɣt g Tinɣir, “amrkas” g Dads d Tin Imgunn. Tili “tsmmit” ɣur Ayt Mrɣad teṭṭef assaɣ n “timmit” ɣur Ayt Ɛtta. Imkinna illa ukanif ittuyassnn ɣur Waskurn s wassaɣ n “taṛẓẓuyt”.

Llant awd tiram ilan yan wassaɣ maka ur da ttugant s yat tɣarast immrwasn, zund tannurt, igan sin wanatn n uɣrum ibḍan. Amzwaru ar ittuga s tguri yili ufṛṛan ẓaṛs istin g Igʷlmimn d Tinjdad, wiss sin ar ittuga bla taguri n wagnsu, inw g yan ubcku iss iẓlin awd ntta ɣur Waskurn.

## Tiram ittugan g iɣrman n Usammr
Awal ɣf tiram n Usammr iggudy mayd ɣifs ittuyinin maka qqad nsti awal nnɣ ɣf usnwi n ka n tiram tiqbuṛin itsnt ur qqimint da ttugant itsnt sulnt da ttuskrant.  

### Tiram n ku ass
tizaykutin illan s umata g Usammr gant tiram idusn g llant tinga byu di ika wakal n tmazirt. Tiram a nwant s tɣarast idusn g wafa n ikcciḍn n iskʷla n tmazirt (azmmur, lluz, tawalt,  takwut, iqwecba n ufrux n tiyni…), inw uɣrum s tṣṭwin d izawin n ifrxan n tiyni. Akʷ aya n iṣɣarn ar akkan aḍu d taṭfi ixulfn i tiram. 

Uttci ibḍa ɣf itsent tizza inmn mar ad ur ittaky ufgan s laẓ. S imki, af ad ad nssisn tiram illan g iɣrman n Usammer rad nsskr mully i tizza n wutci : 

**Tigimgimt** tga yat tirmt n tifawt s ssntayn imzdaɣ ass nnsn, da digs ttugan ibrin n tmẓin mɣd askkif, d tiyni. Maka s umata askkif ayd ittugan. G tifawt ur ta d tnqqir tafuyt, da ssmrant tutmin i irukutn n uskkif, tkurnd tazakkat s tiyni d kksnt g icqwfan. Ig inwa uskkif, tmmattrd tawja g tnammast n taddart mar ad sun tiẓuḍiwin n uskkif ttcn tiyni, imki aha ku ass dat n wad ftun s twuriwin n tgmmi d tin yigran. Adday fukkan imzdaɣ tiwuriwin nnsn, g ḍḍḥa da d ttuɣuln s tnammast gn ttafan aɣrum d watay s nnεnaε nɣd brdduc, nɣd izry, nɣd cciba…. Aɣrum iga aɣrum irɣan s wudi nɣd taguri nɣd bucyyar s wudi nɣd azatim n uzmmur. 

**Imkli** iga tirmt nna da ttettcan imzdaɣ azal n wass. S umata ar digs nttafa tujjut n ṭṭajin ɣf tirrgin nɣd imrɣan g tqnnuct aflla n wafa, s wanawn n icakan. Aɣrum ittuga s yirdn ittwatn g uwrr n ibawn, inw g ufṛṛan n ikcciḍn. Tannurt awd nttat tga yat tirmt ttgan imzdaɣ i imkli nnsn. Tannurt tga yan wanaw n uɣrum bu tguri inggʷan g yan ufṛṛan uẓliy d s yat tɣarast bahra ifulkin, ar ttuyatca trɣa d uɣu nɣd d atay. Asnwi n tannurt ur irxa, tcqqa twuri nns, aynna yudjan mddn ur yad da t titggan akud ddɣ. 

**Imnsi** iga uttci n imzdaɣ ḍaṛt tin yiṭṣ, da digs ttuskar tirmt ittyasnn g tmazɣa ula amaḍal kullut: sksu s wanawn nns. Anawn n sksu ar digsn nttafa sksu ɣiklli s ittuyassn s uksum d icakan nɣd ka n tikkal s ka n wanawn n igumma (lxux, tifiras, adffuy…), tili diɣ tsmmit nttat ur da s ttugarn imrɣan, ar digs ittuga sksu s wudi d isufir n tamart n umɣar, yili diɣ awd sksu n uɣu lmuaṛ g imirn irɣan.  

### '''Tiram n ku tamdla :'''
G tsga ad n ku tamdla add nawy ɣf ka n wanawn n tiram d yusan i ku akud nɣd ku tafugla illan g wakud-nnaɣ. Ar nsawal ɣef tiram ittugan g tmdlwin ad : 

**Iḍ-sggʷas** g usammr ar digs ittuga sksu s sa n icakan, maka iqqenn ad nisin id icakan n imnsi n iḍ-sggʷas xulfn cigan. G yat tsga ar ittugar lluz ḥma ad yiṭfiṭ usggʷas. G tsga yaḍn ur da ttugar maṭica ḥma ad ur ismim usggʷas ula ttugra tflflt mar ad ur iḥṛṛu usggʷas. Ar ttinin nwis awd tirkmin ur datnt ggarn mar ad ur ggadin iɣrḍayn g usggʷas.  Maka matta tzdayt illan gr asn? Urss !. G iḍ-sggʷas ar ittugra iɣṣ n tiyni nɣ aɣwrmi g sksu, imki unnat yufan ayd ittggan ambark n usggas nnaɣ akʷ mayd ila. 

**Taεcurt**: ass n tεcurt iga yan wass mqqurn s lawan g iɣrm n Igʷlmimn g ittili lkarnabal n Buyffus nɣ udayn n tεcuṛt.  Sksu diɣ ayd ittugan g imnsi, maka tikklt ad ar ittuga s tkurdasin d usawar d tglay inwan g waman. G tmyurt ad n iḍ-n-tεcuṛt ar ttinin is ixṣṣa ad tettcd imnsi nnk dat tin yiṭṣ mar ad ur ak imsis imnsi nɣ kid yuwḍ ka n gar anɣms. 

**Lεnsrt**: ard ittasa wass n lεnsrt g asinas amzwaru n wayyur n yulyuz ar digs ttuga tlxca n ibawn g tizi n imkli waxxa irɣa unzwi. Imkli n wass ad tmun ids yat tmyurt sskarn ayt usammr, tamyurt ad iga tt assiɣ n wafa s walim d lḥrml ar tqqdn i irban d trbatin imẓẓyann ḥma ad asn hṛḍn iɣ- n-ka. Asqsi ifukkn ad ɣifs nrzzu igat max allig g uzmz nnaɣ irɣan cigan da ttuga talxca? 

**Tafaska****Tarwa**

**Assmɣy n tuɣmas ɣur tslmya**

**Tamɣra**

**Tamtti**

**Taḥmmart n Ddrdba**

**Tirwayin**

### Tiram g tzdayt nnsnt d imirn

Asammr issn yan unzwi icqqan ittbadaln cigan ku azmz. G tizi n uṣmiḍ ar ittqraf kigan, idd g tizi n unrɣi ar nn iṭṭawḍ lḥma ugar n 40°, aynna yudjan imzdaɣ ad swingmn g tiram iɣiyn ad yaws tafgga ad tẓẓiḍṛ i ubddl n unzwi. 
G yat tasga yaḍn nssn nwis anawn n tinga yakka ku imir ibaḍ awd ntta g mayd ittilin g tdabut n ayt usammr.

* **Tagrst:**    imir g isiggil ufgan uttci irɣan nna da yakkan i tfkka nns tazmrt d ugrrz d jjhd as ittraran asmmiḍ n wass d yiḍ d iḍ aɣzzaf. Tiram n tagrart illan ur da tbddalnt, ula awd taɣarast nnsnt; ar ittili umxilaf g tinga hill. G yan uzmz ur iεriqn, ar nttafa imzdaɣ ar ttetcan g tizi n tgimgimt askkif ittugan s wafriwn n uwjḍm, nɣd s trkmin, nɣd awd s lfṣṣa, azatim n uzmmur awd ntta g tgrst ar ittili s tigidit. Idd akuda askkif da ittuga s cigan n wanawn n tinga. Ar nttafa tiram yaḍn zund aɣrum n tguri s uẓalim bu ulattu d tflflt iḥrran, ṭṭajin s baḍaḍa d xizzu i imkli, a bla ad ntettu talxca n ibawn d imnsi s sksu nɣd ablbul s trkmin d xizzu awraɣ. Idd atay ar ittuskar aha ku ass s cciba mɣd s brdduc. Ifnuzn tirmt iẓlin i usmmiḍ n tgrst, tḥla i imkli ula imnsi, ar tugga s sksu d lfṣṣa nna ibdan ad ttmɣay g tgrst akud n uzatim n uzmmur amaynu.
* **Tafsut:** tiram g tfsut fsant ula nitnti s kigan n wanawn n tizzizut. Llan ibawn, ikuṛṛan, tifiras, tadffuyt, llxux, lmcmac… gan akʷ tizzizut ittugan g uskkif zun d ikuṛṛan, ibawn, afriwn n usklu n lmcmac, wi ar ttugan g yan uzmz maka ur yad tsul tmyurt a. G ṭṭajin ar nttgga ibawn ng tadffuyt d tfiras. Sksu awd ntta ar as ttugan ibawn, ikuṛṛan, tifiras, adffuy, llxux. G icakan tzḍaṛd ad tsskrd yan imkinna tɣiyd ad tsmund sin nɣd kraḍ digsn g yat tirmt. G isnwitn n tfsut ur nenni ad nttu tafṛṛant n ibawn ula izlfn (tiẓlmin n yirdn inwan s tṣṭṭwin).
* **Anbdu:** anrɣi n unzwi da ittadja afgan ad ittnada igumma d tiram ifssusn i wuttci. G igumma ar ittili ddllaḥ d lmnun, aḍil d tazart n tmazirt. Imkli s imrɣan n lmnuxyya d tɣṣayt acku nitni ar ttfsisn g ufẓaẓ d ɣf uḥlig.  Sksu n uɣu iga tirmt n imnsi aha acku ar ittrara anrɣi iqsḥn n unbdu. Tiynni tamnzut d uɣu gan win gr tiram g tiyira n imir n unbdu.
* **Amwan** nɣ **Amdrar:** awd ntta dars tinga ẓaṛs iẓlin zund zzgzaw d sslawi ittugan i uskkif ula sksu. Imkli ar ittuɣul ɣf imrɣan s xizzu d baḍaḍa.  Rrmman ayd ittggan agamu n imir ad. G imir ddɣ ag illa wubuy n tiyni ar ttuyattca kigan nettat d uskkif ula d uɣu. Amwan ag ttili tmgra n usngar d tskra nns, yili wuttci n usngar inwan g waman d tisnt g uruku, imkinna llant takʷbalin n qillu inwan g wafa. Tarwact n usngar s wudi nɣd s uzatim, awd nttat tga tirmt n imir n umwan.

## Tagara
G tiyira n usiggl ad, ar nttakz id anwal amaziɣ iga yat tdlsa ilan tazdayt d kull ifrḍiṣn ɣf tuly tudrt n ufgan zund takrza, tadamsa, taɣrma, tadlsa, aswingm d ssnsskr n ugdud.  Imkinna iga yat tẓuṛi ilan ilugan nns d tɣarasin ẓaṛs istin. Angu nɣ anwal amaziɣ ila atig mqqurn g tdusi yakka i tfkka n ufgan s isafarn illan g tinga s ittuga, ula g tnumi n tɣarast n tnwi ula g ibckan n usnwi.

Uttci n imaziɣn isman tawant, asafar, asnflul, tanfla, tayri n usnwi, amsgjam n tdlsa, tinnubga d yinf ɣf tmttiwin yaḍn aynna as ikan yan usissn axatar g umaḍal. D ur ɣifnɣ izrry ad nini id angu ad yusy g wagnsu nns tamagit tadlsant d umzruy anmɣur sg mayd illa ufgan ɣf wakal n Tmazɣa ar ass a.

Tawlaft tanaẓuṛt g illa dɣi unwal amaziɣ g tuggt n wanatn n tiram nns, intman ula ikʷlan digs, ur tgi tyira n unada d usnflul, isul ifukk usiggl ad yili, d yifi n tinga ula tiram yaḍn, isul ifukk unada g usmun ingr n tdusi n usnwi amaziɣ d tɣarasin n usnwi atrar d imassn nns. Zund ɣiklli tsul tirra nns tga yat tmasayt taxatart ɣf iɣariwn n imaziɣn, tamasayt ad ur ta s kin imaziɣn aynna tuklal.

S usiggl ddɣ ssarmɣ ad iliɣ snmalɣ d anwal n imaziɣn n tmnaḍt n ussamr n Lmɣrib s inɣmisn ad idrusn ɣifs kiɣ, imkinna ssarmɣ ad gin tizwiri i yan unada axatar ɣf unwal n Tmazɣa kullut. Acku ar ass a llant kigan n tiram timaziɣin ifulkin isuln ffrnt agnsu n iɣrman ddrnt day g imawn d ifassn n tmɣarin tixatarin, imkinna llant tiram n Tmazɣa ittuyassnn s yism n igdad yaḍn. 

Ssarmɣ ad ilin irzzutn g usntl ddɣ af ad uɣuln tt tiram n Tmazɣa isslka uzmz atrar nɣ ur sul izmr ad tnt ittgga ufgan n wakuda ad ur gjmnt g tzyawt n tyattut.  Imkinna ssarmɣ ad ttugnt tɣuriwin tantrubulujin d tussnanin i tẓuṛi n usnwi amaziɣ.
S tirra ad riɣ ad yaky umaziɣ d tmɣur n wayda nns ikas atig axatar, isḥiḍr tiram nns g tdabut nns g tsga n tin umaḍal. Ur riɣ ad ṭfuṛn iwdann tadlsa tamaḍlant sslkun tinnsn g tlla tẓuṛi d tdusi. Imkinna nenna asnwi amaziɣ iga angu afṛḍiy g tlla tɣarast n lmakrubyutik.

Illa ɣifnɣ ad ur nẓmẓiy ayda aɣd udjan imzwura nnɣ, Nssitg t s usiggl, nssufɣ d digs kull inumak yusy.

Illa ɣifnɣ amm ku id-yu timaziɣin ad nn nsslkm tadla a s ufulki nns i tarwa nnɣ maka s tɣarast n tirra maka s tutlayt tamaziɣt. 

## Tisaɣulin

* المعجم الامازيغي الوضيفي (عربي/امازيغي)/ ذ الارضي مبارك/مطبعة النجاح الجديدة/2008.
* Asawaliw Amaziɣ Atrar/Lhcen Ulhaj d Mohmmed Udaddes/Konrad Adnouer Stitftung 2013.
* LEXIQUE DU BERBERE MODERNE/Edition corrigée et augmentée ḥour le comḥte du HCA.  ḥar Habib Allah MANSOURI. 2004.
* Le lexique juridique français/amazighe/ Ahmed Dghirni- A. Afulay- Lahbib Fouad/imazighen ass-a. 1996
* Le lexique Amazighe de géologie/ Said Kamel/ IRCAM/ 2006
## Msmun awal
***Msmun awal n [[SGSM]] :** Msmun awal amatay asnmalay n tmaziɣt (MMSM)