Taẓṛwalt

**Taẓṛwalt** (s taɛrabt: تزروالت‎, s tafransist: Tazeroualt) tga yan udɣar amzray illan ɣ Sus ɣ iffus n Lmɣrib, lli tn ikkan ɣ mad izrin tamazirt tasimant ɣ tasut tis sa d mraw. Tettuynbaḍ zɣ tmaẓunt nns Iliɣ ɣ idrarn n Waṭlas mẓẓiyn. Ɣ tizi lliɣ akk tmqqur tgldit n Taẓṛwalt, tɣʷi zɣ agaru aṭlanti ar tsga n Tuwat lli illan ɣil ad ɣ iggi wakal adzayri, tnbḍ yat tsga bahra imqqurn ɣ tnzruft.

## Amnaḍ amzray
Iga Ḥmad u Musa argaz lli d akk izwarn is ibda ssulala n Tẓṛwalt, ikka tt inn iga yan ugʷrram u tmazirt n Sus lli iluln ɣ tuẓẓumt n tasut tis smmust d mrawt,  istaqrra ḍffir maya ɣ tsga n Taẓrwalt, ɣinn a ɣ d isnulfa zzawit yawi d timaḍ n imḍfarn, nna d dars ittackan fad ad lmdn tiɣawsiwin izdin d usgd nnsn. Iṭṭf ɣ akud ann Ḥmad u Musa tazdayt ifulkin d iṣulṭaninn Isaɛdiyn lli tt inn ikkan ɣ tnbaḍt. Adɣar nns d atig nns ɣ usgd tujja-tt ad yari f lmakant nns. Lliɣ immut, adɣar lli ɣ ittuymḍal urgaz ad iga zun d lḥjj.

## Amzruy

Ɣ usggʷas n 1603, ɣ jjwayh n tẓallit n tukzin, rad immt uṣulṭan asaɛdiy Aḥmad Almansur, lli tt inn ikkan iga yan ɣ igldan lli bahra istawhmman ɣ Isaɛdiyn, fkan as akkʷ yism n *Manṣur Dahbi* acku ɣ uzmz nns igguda wurɣ. Kkan tt inn snat tqṣiṣin f mad ijran aylliɣ immut, ta izwarn ar ttini mas d yuḍn s tmaḍunt n Tasrka (da as nttini ula Ṭṭaɛun) nttat ad igan ssbab lliɣ immut, tiss snat ar ttini mas tmɣart nns *Ɛica* d yiwis *Mulay Zidan* ad as igan ssm fad ad t nɣin. Ilmma, dffir tmttant nns ibda urggay gr tarwa n Aḥmad Almansur f tnbaḍt, ittyubḍa Lmɣrib s: 

* Awanak n Fas, inbḍ t iwis *Lmamun,* 
* Awanak n Mrrakc, inbḍ t iwis *Zidan.*

D tsgiwin yaḍni rad gisn nbḍn Zzawaya d imɣarn n tqbilin. Ḍaṛt ɣayad kullu, rad baynt kigan n tgldiwin, tilli akk gisnt istawhmann gan tnt: 

* Awanak n Ccbaniyin, inbḍ t *Lḥajj Krrum Ccbani*,
* Awanak n Lɛyyaci, inbḍ t *Muḥammad Lḥajj Ddyati,*
* Awanak n Tafilalt, inbḍ t *Muḥammad Bn Ccrif Lɛalawi.*
* Ɣ tmazirt n Sus rad yili *Abu Ḥassun Smlali,* agldun wiss kraḍ n wawanak n Iliɣ, lli rad tg ilmma tagldit n Taẓrwalt

Ɣ tasut tiss sa d mraw miladya, ɣmk lli inna Muxtar Asusi ɣ udlis n *"Iliɣ qadiman wa ḥaditan"* , isusiyn ṛmin zɣ tthmic d ṭṭuɣyan lli tt inn kkan isaɛdiyn ar t skarn ɣ tmazirt. Mqqar tt inn ikka dar tqbilin n Sus yan ḍḍawr bahra istawhman ɣ waqqlay n isaɛdiyn s tnbaḍt d ubnnu n tgldit nnsn, nnig n ɣayad, Lmɣrib ɣ akud ann yut t ljafaf ur llin waman isggʷasn, tucka d ula tmaḍunt n Tasrka nɣ Ṭṭaɛun ula nttat, ur ufan tiqbilin ma tnt ittawsn bac ad ffɣn zɣ tmukrist ad acku ɣ uzmz ann trwi tgldit n isaɛdiyn mliḥ ur tsala i zun d tɣawsiwin ad, ur fllasn tɛaqql. Ɣ iffus akkʷ n Lmɣrib, kulci ɣil ad ssn tsga n Iliɣ nɣ Taẓrwalt s yism n Zzawit n Sidi Ḥmad u Musa, ar gis ittili yan unmuggar asgdan imqqurn kraygat usggʷas ɣ tigira n wayyur wiss tam. Rad nurri imikk s tɣʷṛḍin s uzmz n Aḥmad Almansur s yan imjri nẓḍar ad nini mas tt inn ikka iga zun d yat ccarara imẓẓiyn d yiwin kigan n tɣawsiwin yaḍnin fad ad tbayn tagldit n Taẓrwalt.  

Ɣmk lli s yad ittussan, ikka tt inn dar Sidi Ḥmad u Musa smmus n ifrxan, gr smmus ad n ifrxan ikka tt inn yan ism as Ɛli, wad iggʷran srsn t ɣ Lḥbs s lamr n uṣulṭan Aḥmad Almansur Adahbi ɣ trudant, ur d acku iskr kra, is ka isawl f tmmara d ḍḍuruf icqqan nna s tt inn kkan tqbilin n Sus ar tnt ttddrn s ssbab n ljafaf d tmuḍan d laẓ, mac ur tt irḥm Almansur Adahbi d ittyamaẓ ɣ trudant aylliɣ immt. Ikka tt inn Ɛli Bn Ḥmd u Musa ittussan dar middn s ttadayyun nns, ikka tt inn iga argaz iɛdln, ddnb nns iga tt mas yusi ssiɛr n tmazirt nns isawl f tmukrisin nns, isawl ula f middn nns lli ittmttatn s laẓ d tmaḍunt. Imjri ad rad ibadl agudi n tɣawsiwin ɣ tannayt n isusiyn s mad izdin d tgldit n isaɛdiyn, tlla yat tmjrit ittussan yaḍn ar ttinin mas tdda yat tmɣart ad tcki s yan lqayd dar Almansur Adahbi, lliɣ dars tkcm tẓra mad tt inn ikka ar tt iskar acku ikka tt inn icqqa bahra, ar ittnbaḍ s yat tɣarast icqqan, sliɣ tnna *" Kkiɣ tt inn ar tɛjjabɣ i waman manka s tn ikka ranqan fi aljadawili ... Aylliɣ ẓriɣ uɣbalu nns, ssnɣ izd aman ad tn ikkan irkʷi zɣ waẓur nns "* , zɛma ṣṣulṭa ann icqqan lli tt inn kkan lqqiyad n Almansur Adahbi ar sis swurrin d middn tkka d zɣ dars acku nttan ad asn t imlan. Isusiyn rad gisn iɣama lḥal acku ɣ tzwiri nttni ad ibddn d isaɛdiyn lliɣ bḥra bdan aylliɣ lkmn s tnbaḍt, awsn asn bac ad ẓẓun f ibrtqqizn lli d itthjamn zɣ tsga n yill, micc bɛd mayad kullu t nkrn tn, mqqar taẓ bahra tmaẓunt nnsn Mrrakc i Sus. Rad immt Almansur Adahbi ilmma rad tcttet tgldit n isaɛdiyn, ɣid rad inkr Brahim yan ɣ tarwa mẓẓiyn n Sidi Ḥmad u Musa ad iskr tagrawla ɣ tmazirt n Sus, rad t bayɛn tiqbilin tisusiyin, nnan mas da ttigutn imḍfarn nns s tmlifat ass f wass. Rad lkmn inɣmisn ad Mulay Zidan lli rad yazn 3000 ajundi bac ad mmaɣn d tgrawla n Brahim Bn Muḥammad ɣ Sus, macc ijundiyn ad rwln acku ur asn fkan tiɣraḍ, ur asn tlkm tirmt mad cttan. Issn ɣ akud ann Mulay Zidan mas ṣafi tfta as ula nttat, zun d ukan tsgiwin yaḍnin d rad yiri ad yasi urɣ d lmujawharat nns lli tn ikkan iṣulṭaniyn ar tn tḥḍun ɣ zzawaya, acku tkka tt inn aktar amanan, macc ratt iṣbq Brahim Bn Muḥammad d rad yasi ttarawat ad lliɣ rad ihjm f zzawaya y'ad slawan akk ɣ Mrrakc, rad immt amɣar n tgrawla tasusiyt Brahim Bn Muḥammad yan ɣ tarwa n Sidi Ḥmad u Musa d rad ifl tnbaḍt i Lḥsn Bn Ɛli, iwis n xalis nit, mn bɛd mnnu rad yack agldun lli akk ittussan n tgldit n Taẓrwalt lli t igan Ɛli Bn Muḥammad Budmiɛa, ittufka y'as yism ad acku tkka tt inn dars yat tiṭṭ ar tmṭṭi bzzaf. Ɛli Bn Muḥammad Budmiɛa lli igan Abu Ḥassun Asmlal xklli s ittussan ɣ umzruy, ur tucki lmubayaɛa nns s yat tɣarast irxan acku kkan tt inn tarwa n Sidi Ḥmad u Musa mmaɣn d ingr-atsn f manwa gisn a rad yamẓ tnbaḍt, ɣ mayggʷran msasan fllas bac att bayɛn, d tmazirt lli akk izwarn att bayɛn gan ayt Ifran n waṭlas mẓẓiyn, aylliɣ d munn imɣarn d ccuyux n tqbilin d id butussna d ixatarn dar timḍlt n jddis Sidi Ḥmad u Musa ɣ ammas n zzawit n Taẓrwalt d skrn as lmubayaɛa rasmyan. Ɣikkad as rad tbdu yat tgzzumt tamaynut ɣ awanak n Iliɣ bac ad tg tagldit imqqurn.  

Abu Ḥassun Asmlal, xklli sa ttinin ayt umzruy, ikka tt inn iga yan ufrux d aɛrrin iṣḥan iṭṭaf lɛaḍalat d dars lhiba d lkarizma, ɣayad rad ibayn ɣ tabrat tamzwarut lli rad yazn i Yaḥya Bn Ɛbdallah Bn Sɛid Lḥaḥi lli tn ikkan ɣ awanak n Iḥaḥan ɣ trudant, tabrat ann ikka tt nn gis tahdid ibayn bzzaf *" Ya a ssi Lḥaḥi ad yi tḍfrt d ad yi tbayɛt, nɣ rad ackɣ ad utɣ innak "* d rad as irar Lḥaḥi macc ljawab nns yuratt s tmdyazt inna y'as *" Irayi ad as gɣ ismg ... Is ur idr is irwas fiqtuhu majdan? , Ira yus n Mus ad ig agllid s dduɛa ... wa lam yasum fi sayfihi fi ttala hada? ".* ira s ljawab ad as yini mas ira ad yili imnɣi gr awanak n Iliɣ illan ddu tnbaḍt n Abu Ḥassun Asmlal, d awanak n Iḥaḥan ddu tnbaḍt n Yaḥya Bn Ɛbdallah Bn Sɛid Lḥaḥi. Mn bɛd imnɣi s wawal, mmaɣn iwunak ad s sin ɣ ssaḥt, d ku twal yan gisn ar itrbaḥ. Yiwid Yaḥya Bn Ɛbdallah Bn Sɛid Lḥaḥi idɣarn n Ida Uknsus d Wlad Jrrar ɣ nnawaḥi n Tiznit, macc dɣya sliɣtn isurri Abu Ḥassun Asmlal, imikk s imikk yiwid Abu Ḥassun Asmlal idɣarn n Yaḥya Bn Ɛbdallah Bn Sɛid Lḥaḥi adt igan d Tarudant d Agadir ula nttat ar iwtta n Imi n Tanut lli tn ikkan ddu tnbaḍt n uṣulṭan Zidan macc ɣinn a ɣ ibidd usmɣur nns, ar ttinin id bu umzruy mas mlad is izuyd imikk s lgddam rad yawi ula tsga n Iḥaḥan d Lḥuz ḥtta nttat acku aṣulṭan Zidan ibda ar itrwal s tsga n ugafa tjra y'as yat tmjrit ɣ uftas n Agadir nttat atid isrmin, ikra yan lbaṭu afransawi dar yan uqubṭan iga s yism Jon Filip Du Kastyan, d ikka tt inn lbaṭu y'ann ibidd x ufttas n Ugadir lli tn ikkan dars yism n Santa Kruz fad ad sis irur s Fransa dar Lwis wis kraḍ d mraw lli y'as inna ɣar ackd dari, macc uqubṭan n lbaṭu y'ann lliɣ d iẓra uṣulṭan Zidan asaɛdiy icarji urɣ d lmujawharat d idlisn ɣ lbaṭu iṭmɛa irur iflt bla n taryalt.

Lliɣ d yumẓ Abu Ḥassun Asmlal tanbaḍt n tmazirt n Sus kullut, rad izri s tsga n Drɛa tafilalt usggwas n 1638 s ljic nns d ra st iɣʷi mn bɛd 3 isggwasn n imnɣi, d rad yamẓ Muḥammad Bn Ccrif Lɛalawi ɣ lḥbs d ɣid a'ɣ rad tg awanak n Iliɣ tagldit n tidt acku rad inbḍ Abu Ḥassun Asmlal iffus n Lmɣrib kullut ar Timbuktu iffus n tiniri d rad isayṭr f iɣarasn n tsbbabt d rad tg tagldit n Taẓrwalt ammas n tsbbabt imqqurn acku kigan n udayn imɣrabiyn rad gis staqrrn d rad asn ttuybna yat lknist nnsn ɣ tsga lli rad tḍr mn bɛd.

Tagldit n Taẓrwalt uckan as liɛtirafat dar tmizar mqqurnin ɣ-akud-ann acku tkka tt inn tṣḥa tadamsa nns ula tasbbabt nns sul tkka tt inn dars yat taẓḍurt taɛskrit.

## Ẓṛ uggar
*
* Sidi Ḥmad u Musa
*iliɣ
*Sus
*Iclḥiyn
*Zzawit n Iliɣ



## Tinidlisn

# Timbouctou: voyage au Maroc, au Sahara et au Soudan; auteur Dr Oskar Lenz, traduit de l'allemand par Pierre Lehautcourt; 1886; Librairie Hachette et Cie Paris
# Dictionnaire universel d'histoire géographie Bouillet 1878: description de Sidi-Hescham
# Voyages autour du monde et naufrages célèbres par le capitaine G. Lafond; Administration des librairies 1844 Paris
# De la domination turque dans l'ancienne régence d'Alger par Louis Joseph F. Walsin Esterhazy, capitaine d'artillerie, Librairie de Charles Gosselin 1840 Paris
# Le Maroc, Géographie- organisation politique, de René Jules Frisch, 1895, cité dans le "Rapport relatif aux aspects culturels de la régionalisation", paragraphe "histoire de la tradition régionale marocaine" établit en 2013 par l'Ires

## Ɣr uggar

* Muḥammad al-Mukhtār Sūsī (1966). *Īlīgh qadīman wa-ḥadīthan*. al-Rabāṭ: al-Maṭbaʻah al-Mulkīyah.
* Pascon, Paul (1984). *La maison d'Iligh et l'histoire sociale du Tazerwalt*. SMER.

## Tisaɣulin