open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Arsin Ru

Iga **Arsin Ru** (5 Fuṛaṛ 1893 ɣ Rucgid – 19 Yulyu 1971) yan unsɛṛab d unsmaziɣ Afṛansis. Ilul ɣ Rucgid, iẓwu s Lmɣrib (ɣ wakud ann illa ddu usudurri afṛansis) ɣ isggʷasn n id simraw nns lli ɣ ibda tiɣri n Tɛṛabt Taklasikt, Taɛṛabt Tamɣribit d tutlayin Timaziɣin Timɣribiyin. Ɣ isggʷasn ann d iwalan, ixdm ɣ mnnawt tinmal d tsdawiyin wan uslmad d unmhal; isrs daɣ tirsal n Usinan n Usmuttg n Uẓru, ig anmhal nns.

Ɣ tizi da ikka ɣ Lmɣrib, ismun, iɣr kigan n iḍṛiṣn d warratn s Tclḥiyt d Tmaziɣt n Waṭlas Anammas s twisi n umawas nns amaziɣ Ssi Brahim Aknku (ilul ɣ 1905). Kra zɣ iḍṛiṣn ad ifsr tn s yixf nns ɣ Ṛṛbaḍ fad ad tn issmras ɣ wuɣriwn nns n Tmaziɣt Taclḥiyt (zun d: Roux 1942); maccan tugt nnsn ttyawayn s Fṛanṣa lliɣ srs yurri ɣ tuẓẓumt n id 50 n tasuta izrin, ikmml ɣ tiɣuriwin nns isrs wan uwttas asnm, asrus n wuskinn d usuɣl n tgrumma nns n iḍṛiṣn. S kra n tɣarast, idrus mad iẓṛan tufawt ɣ twwuri ad nns iggutn amr yan uzgzl n yat yat tinawt ɣ llant snat tasiwin (Roux, 1948). Iswuri daɣ d unsmiṣṛi (egyptologist) Burnu Strikr f yat tẓṛigt n *Baḥr ad-dumuɛ* (ill n imṭṭawn) n Muḥmmad Awzal nna d iffɣn ɣ 1960.

Ḍaṛat n tmttant nns ɣ 1971, fkan warraw nns tasdlist nns i Usinag n Irzzutn Igrakaln ɣ Iks un Brufunṣ nna ɣ isul *Wallaɣ n Arsin Ru* (Fonds Arsène Roux) ar ass a. Llan gis uggar n snat tmaḍ n warratn s Tclḥiyt n Sus, kra n warratn s Tɛṛabt d yat tgrumma idran n tnẓẓṛa, imdyatn (lamtal), umiyn d nna yura Ru s ufus nns. Ittyuskar yan ukaṭalug n warratn Imaziɣn d Iɛṛabn nna issujad van den Boogert (1995), ittusras wuskin n iḍṛiṣn yaḍnin ɣ Stroomer & Peyron (2003).

## Tabiblyugraft d tsuɣal

* 
* 
* 
*  
* 
* 
* 
* Arsène Roux and Michael Peyron, *Poésies berbères de l’époque héroïque, Maroc central (1908–1932)*, Aix-en-Provence: Edisud 2002
* 
* 

## Tisɣunin timksulin

* Arsène Roux at Library of Congress, with 4 library catalogue records (earliest 1990)
Kaṭalunya

**Kaṭalunya** tga yat tgrawt inbḍn i ixf nns d yat tsga taqbuṛt ɣ Ṣbanya, tucka d ɣ ugafa n iming n tgzirt n ibirya, tettyawssan ɣ umaḍal akkʷ s tmaẓunt nns lli tt igan d Barsaluna, llan gis kra n ṣḍiṣ id mlyun n imzdaɣn, tdl yan wakal yumẓn 31.980 km² tga s ɣikann ɣunck n tmazirt n Swisra niɣ d Bljiga. Kaṭalunya tngiri d tmazirt n Franṣa s idrarn n Firini, iẓli tt wasif n Ibru f tsga n Aragun, d ar tettaggʷa s yill agrakal lli illan ɣ iming nns. Tbḍu f kkuẓ iwalan, tamnaḍt n Ṭarraguna d tin Xiruna d tin Lirida, tggru gisnt tin Barsaluna.    

Tẓḍaṛ sul Kaṭalunya ad tɣʷi addad n tnbaḍimant ɣ wass n 18 Dujambir 1979.

## Tisaɣulin
Rini Basi

**Rini Basi** (24 Yulyu 1855 – 4 Innayr 1924) iga yan unsgmuḍ afṛansis, ig amẓlay ɣ tutlayt Tamaziɣt d tutlayt Taɛṛabt.

## Taridirt

Iga Rini Basi anmhal amzwaru n "Tinml n tskla n Ddzayr" nna mi ttusrasnt trsal ɣ 1879 ɣ uzmz n usdurri Afṛansis ɣ Ddzayr.

Ig agmam ɣ Wamun Awasyan n Bariz d win Liptzig d Flurans, iswuri d Uɣmis Awasyan, iɣr f Lislam Acinwi.

Andri Basi d Hinri Basi ad igan tarwa nns.

## Tiẓṛigin

* *Étude  sur la zenatia du Mzab*
* *Notes de lexicographie berbère*, 1887.  sur le site Archive
* *La Religion des Berbères* de l’antiquité jusqu’à l'islam, Les Belles Lettres  
* *Prières des musulmans chinois*, Éditions Ernest Leroux [fr], 1878
* *Les Manuscrits arabes de la [[Zawiyet El Hamel|Zaouia d'El Hamel]]*, Etablissement typographique Florentin, 1897
* *Recherches sur la religion des Berbères*, 1910.
* Son anthologie *Mille et un contes, récits et légendes arabes* a été rééditée sous la direction de Aboubakr Chraïbi [fr], chez José Corti, Collection Merveilleux n° 29, 2005, 2 tomes, 504 et 702 p. (édition originale parue en 1924 chez Maisonneuve frères).  ISBN&nbsp;

## Ilallutn

* Commandeur of the Légion d'honneur
* Officiere of the Ordre des Palmes Académiques
* Grand-officier of the Nichan Iftikhar
* Commandeur of the Order of Menelik II
* Chevalier of the Order of St. Sylvester

## Tisaɣulin

## Tabiblyugraft

* .
* Guy Basset, « Basset, René (1855-1924) », in *L'Algérie et la France*,  (p.&nbsp;96–97)
Hinri Basi

**Hinri Basi** (7 Nuwanbir 1892 – 13 Abril 1926) iga yan umsnils, ansmaziɣ, anmzruy (historien) d unsgmuḍ (orientalist) afṛansis.

## Taridirt
Iga Hinri Basi iwis n Rini Basi d gʷmas mqqurn n Andri Basi. Izmmim nn Hinri ɣ Tinml Tanafllat n Islmadn (École Normale Supérieure) ɣ 1912. Ig aslmad ɣ "Tinml Tanafllat n tutlayt Taɛṛabt d tantalayin timaziɣin" zɣ 1916, yawi Ducṭuṛa nns ɣ 1920 ɣ tsdawit n Tskla n Ddzayr s snat twuriwin mi gan izwiln *Essai sur la littérature des Berbères* d *Le culte des grottes au Maroc,* ittusmma wan unmhal amaggas n Usinag n tɣuriwin tinafllatin timɣribiyn (*Institut des hautes études marocaines*)

## Tabiblyugraft

* 1920: ''Essai sur la littérature des Berbères'' (Paris: Ibis press - Awal, 2001  )
* 1920: ''Le culte des grottes au Maroc'',  Alger: J. Carbonel, (Clichy: Éd. du Jasmin, 1999  )
* 1921: *Graffiti de Chella*, *Hespéris* I with J. Campardou, (p.&nbsp;87–90), fig.
* 1922: Les rites de la laine à Rabat", *Hespéris* II,  (p.&nbsp;139–160)
* 1923: *Chella. Une nécropole mérinide*, with Évariste Lévi-Provençal, Paris, E. Larose
* 1923: *Deux pétroglyphes du Maroc Occidental, région des Zaer*, *Hespéris* III,  (p.&nbsp;141–145), 2 pl.
* 1923: *Le Nouveau manuscrit berbère : le Kitâb el-mawįẓa*, *Journal Asiatique*. I/299-303
* 1927: *La tradition almohade à Marrakech: 1 °. À l'époque mérinide : La mosquée et le minaret de Ben Salîh. Le minaret de Moulay el Ksour : 2 °. À l'époque sa'dienne : La mosquée Mouassin*, *Hespéris* VII, with Henri Terrasse, ,  (p.&nbsp;247–345), fig., pl.
* 1924: *Sanctuaires et forteresses almohades: I. Tinmel : II. Les deux Kotobîya*, *Hespéris* 4, with Henri Terrasse, pp. 9-2, 181-04; *III. Le Minaret de la Kotobîya*, *Hespéris* V (1925),  (p.&nbsp;311–376); *III. Minaret de la Kotobiya (suite) : IV. Oratoire de la Kotobiya : V. Chaire de la Kotobiya : VI. Mosquée de la Qasba*, *Hespéris* VI (1926), (p.&nbsp;107–270); *Le ribât de Tît : Le Tasghîmout*, *Hespéris* VII (1927),  (p.&nbsp;117–171).
* 1932: *Sanctuaires et forteresses almohades*, with Henri Terrasse, Paris: Larose, VIII-483 p.

## Isɣunn imksuln

* Henri Basset ɣ BiblioMonde
* Obituary ɣ Revue Africaine
* Henri Basset ɣ Wikisource
Asinag anamur n tutlayin d tɣrmiwin tigmuḍanin

Iga **Usinag anamur n tutlayin d tɣrmiwin tigmuḍanin** (INALCO) yat tsdawit Tafṛansist. Ar tssaqqra tutlayin d tdlsiwin n umaḍal. Da tddal tduli nns tutlayin n Urubba Tanammast, Tafriqt, Asya, Marikan n Ugafa d tin Unẓul d Uqyanusya.

*Langues O*'  (asusru nns *Langzo*) ad igan ism da as fkant tsutin n imḥḍaṛn i Tinml timẓlit nna mi infl yism s "Tagldant", ig daɣ "Timbiryalt" fadd ilmma "Tanamurt" ɣ tutlayin Tigmuḍanin n Bariz. Tsnfl ism nns s ism atrar ɣ 1971.

## Tisaɣulin
Idmun Distan

**Idmun Distan** (19 Yanayr 1872 – 27 Dujanbr 1940) ikka tt inn iga yan unsgmuḍ (orientalist) ansɛṛab (Arabist), ansmaziɣ, ig amzwaru ad yamẓ asɣim n tmaziɣt ɣ Usinag Anamur n Tutlayin d Tɣrmiwin Tigmuḍanin (INALCO).

## Taridirt
Ikka tt inn Distan ɣ tuddma iga aslmad ɣ Dub, immatti s Dzayr (Tamdint) afad ad iskr asanun nns ɣ Tinml Tagamant n Buzarya. Issɣra ɣ Tinml Tafṛansist n usuk n Munbuli zɣ 1894. Ig aslmad n Tamassanin Tigamanin d Tjyugrafit ɣ Lmdrst n Tlmsan ddaw ubdad n Wilyam Marci d Alfrid Bil (1902-1907), ibdu tawwuri nns f tɣuri n tantala n Ayt Snus nna illan tama n uwttu n Lmɣrib. Amawal da igan tayafut n twwuri nns iga sul asaɣul ar ass ad.

Ittufka as usɣim n unmhal n Tmrst nna bḥḥra ittuskarn ɣ San Lwis, Ssinigal ɣ 1907, yamẓ tamhla n Tmdrst n Ddzayr dffir n Wilyam Marci ɣ 1910. ɣ 1914, ittyufka as usɣim Amaziɣ nna ittyuskarn  ɣ Tinml n tutlayin tigmuḍanin. Zɣ 1921, issɣra Taɛṛabt n Tfriqt n Ugafa ɣ Tinml Takulunyalt. Immut ɣ 27 Dujanbir 1940 ɣ tgmmi nns ɣ Hay li-Ṛuẓ s tmntilt n umalaray nna t iɣʷmn ɣ Ddzayr.

## Tiwwuriwin

* 1905: *L'Ennayer chez les Beni Snous, Revue Africaine n° 256.*
* 1907:  .
* 1914: .
* 1920: *[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k320500m.texteImage Vocabulaire français-berbère : Étude sur la Tachelhît du Soûs]*.
* 1920: 
* 1940: *Textes berbères en parler des Chleuḥs du Sous (Maroc)*.

## Tisaɣulin
Ɛbdllah Bunfur

Iga **Ɛbdllah Bunfur** (ilul ɣ 1946) iga yan umsnils d ufilulug amẓlay ɣ tskla, tadlsa d tutlayin timaziɣin. Iga aslmad asdawan aguras (Emeritus) ɣ Usinag anamur n tutlayin d tɣrmiwin tigmuḍanin (INALCO) ɣ Bariz.

## Taridirt
Ilul Bunfur ɣ 1946, ig aglawwu, iwis n tqbilt n igliwa nna illan ɣ Udrar n Drn (Aṭlas Mqqurn) ɣ tama n Mṛṛakc. Iɣra ɣ Tsdawit n Bariz 3: Surbun Amaynu, yamẓ gis taḍukṭuṛat n imir wis kṛaḍ ɣ 1976, yamẓ Taḍukṭuṛat n Uwank ɣ 1984. Yumẓ assugr n Tɛṛabt ɣ 1986. Iswuri wan Uslmad n tinawin ɣ Tsdawit n Muḥammad 5 ɣ Ṛṛbaṭ zɣ 1976 ar 1984, isnar am ixf n Tzuni n Tutlayt d Tskla Tafṛansist zɣ 1979 ar 1981, ig imḥḍi n tsdlist n Tɣiwant n Tẓuriwin n Ṛṛbaṭ zɣ 1981 ar 1983. Ig ilmma Aslmad n tinawin ɣ Tsdawit n Buṛḍu Muntin. Iga anmhal n LACNAD (Tutlayin d Tdlsiwin n Ugafa n Tfriqt d Tdyaspuratin) d LACNAD-CRB (Ammas n Urzzu Amaziɣ) zɣ Yanayr 2010. Iga agʷmam ɣ ugraw n tirra n Usamu Amaziɣ zɣ 2002 s tɣuri n Salm Cakr.

## Tiwuriwin stawhmmanin

* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
* 
* 
*

## Tisaɣulin
Ammas n Urzzu Amaziɣ

**Ammas n Urzzu Amaziɣ** nɣ **Ammas n Usiggl Amaziɣ** (CRB, s tfṛansist: Centre de Recherche Berbère) iga yat tzuni ɣ Usinag anamur n tutlayin d tɣrmiwin tigmuḍanin (INALCO) nna mi tga tẓlayt tutlayin Timaziɣin. Ammas ad da isdikin f tdlsa d tutlayt tamaziɣṭ, ig tamaddast taqqburt akkʷ nna isalan maya. Ar ittmyawas wammas ad d Usinag agldan n tussna tamaziɣt n Lmɣrib, imyaws d iɣawasn ɣ tsadwiyin Timɣribiyin.

Isrs umsnuils adzayri amaziɣ Salm Cakr tirsal n wammas ɣ 1990, iswuddu t ar tigira n 2009. Issixf Ɛbdllah Bunfur ammas ad zɣ Yanayr 2010.

## Tisaɣulin

## Isɣunn imksuln

* Centre de Recherche Berbère - Accueil
Idmun Duti

Iga Imdun Duti (s tfṛansist: **Edmond Doutté**; 14 Yanayr 1867 – 6 Ɣuct 1926) yan ususyulug, ansgmuḍ d umsnislam (ansɛṛab d unsmaziɣ) d iminig n Tmazɣa.

## Tiwuriwin

* 1900: Paris: Ernest Leroux&nbsp;&#x5B;fr&#x5D;. 1900.
* 1900: Châlons-sur-Marne: Martin frères. 1900.
* 1900: ''L'Islâm algérien en l'an 1900''. Algiers: Giralt.
* 1900: ''Les Aissaoua à Tlemcen'', Ed. Châlons-sur-Marne.
* 1905: ''Merrâkech''. Paris : Comité du Maroc.
* 1905: *La Khot’ba burlesque de la fête des Tolba au Maroc*, in: Recueil de mémoires et de textes publiés en l'honneur du XIVe Congrès des Orientalistes, Algiers: Fontana.
* 1909: ''Magie et religion dans l'Afrique du Nord''. Algiers: Âdolphe Jourdan,(La Societe Musulmane du Maghrib)
* 1914:  ''En tribu. Missions au Maroc''. Paris: Paul Geuthner.
* 1919: ''Imroulcaïs'', Arabic play in three acts. Cowritten with Fernand Nozière. Music by Camille Erlanger. Premiered at the Théâtre Sarah-Bernhardt, 18 February 1919, by Romuald Joubé (Imroulcaïs) and Ida Rubinstein (Oum Djondab).

## Tabiblyugraft

* "Notice n° L0800009 : DOUTTE, Théodore Edmond". France: Ministry of Culture. Léonore., 1 p. and 15 doc.
* Marcel Mauss (1927). "Edmond Doutté". L'Année Sociologique. Paris: Librairie Félix Alcan. Mauss., nouvelle série, vol.2, p. 6-7 Read online (rééd. dans Œuvres. Sens commun. Vol. 3. Paris: Les Éditions de Minuit. 1969. pp. 520–522. OCLC 39916146..
* Paul Pascon (1978). "Le rapport " secret " d'Edmond Doutté;Situation politique du Hoûz, 1er janvier 1907". Hérodote. No. 11. Paris: François Maspéro/La Découverte. pp. 132–159. Pascon..
* Lucette Valensi (1984). "Le Maghreb vu du Centre : Sa place dans l'école sociologique française". Connaissances du Maghreb : Sciences sociales et Colonisation. Paris: CNRS Éditions. pp. 227–244. OCLC 12908200..
* Saddek Benkada (2005). "Hassan Rachik (dossier coordonné par) : Le Maghreb dans les débats anthropologiques : Edmond Doutté, Robert Montagne, Jacques Berque, Clifford Geertz, Pierre Bourdieu, Ernest Gellner". Insaniyat. No. 27. Oran: National Centre of Research in Social and Cultural Anthropology. pp. 123–129. Benkada..
* Alain Masoudi (2008). "Edmond Doutté". Dictionnaire des orientalistes de langue française. Paris: Institut d'études de l'islam et des sociétés du monde musulman/Éditions Karthala. pp. 332–333. OCLC 276645328. Masoudi. online.
* Guy Basset (2009). "Doutté, Edmond (1867-1926)". L'Algérie et la France. Bouquins. Paris: éditions Robert Laffont. pp. 295–297. OCLC 470565360. Basset..

## Isɣunn imksuln
* Edmond Doutté on Académie des sciences d'outre-mer
* ''Lettre de M. Edmond Doutté, chargé de mission au Maroc'' on Persée
Taglizt (Tamaddast)

Tga **Tglizt** nɣ **Tamẓẓallut n Iṛumiyn** yat tmaddast nna ismmunn Imasiḥiyn n yat nɣ mnnawt tnaḍin n umaḍal.

## Tasnaẓɣuṛt
Tettuṛḍal "Taglizt" zɣ tguri Talatint -{*ecclesia*}-, nna d yuckan dɣ nttat zɣ tguri Tagrikt -{*ἐκκλησία* / *ekklēsía*}- nna isnamkn "agraw" (-{assemblée}-), tffɣ d zɣ umyag -{*ἐκκαλέω* / *ekkaléô.*}- Tettuṛḍal tguri ad s Tamaziɣt s snat talɣiwin, tamzwarut tga tt *Taɣlisya* nna igan ism n yat tgzirt mẓẓiyn zɣ tgzirin n Jṛba, tis snat tga *Ǧlizt*, nna ittubdarn ɣ kra n warratn ibaḍiyn.

## Tisaɣulin
Asamu Amaziɣ

Iga **Usamu Amaziɣ** (tafṛanssit: *Encyclopédie berbère*) yan usamu s tfṛansist nna f imrsitn zdinin d Iɣrfan Imaziɣn, llant tẓrigin nns s talɣa walkaɣiḍ, tili talɣa yaḍn ɣ ifilu (en ligne).

Ibda Usamu ɣ 1984 s usnal n UNESCO, tg *Editions Edisud* tigmmi tamẓṛagt nns. Gabryil Kamb ad igan anssixf n tirra nns amzwaru. Dffir n tmttant nns ɣ 2002, yumẓ uslmad n tutalyin Timaziɣin ɣ Tsdawit n Iks Marsiy Salm Cakr, tilalt ann.

Ar 2025, imḍann 1 ar 39 (Protohistoire-Quinquegentanei) ttufsarn ɣ ifilu ɣ OpenEdition.org. Asit ad llan gis iḍrisn inmdutn, tili talɣa PDF, ar daɣ yakka usit tasɣnt n usiggl ɣ usit s tguriwin tisura d imgayn. Macca illa yan umcacka d Éditions Peeters ad ur ttufsarn smmus imḍann ggʷranin. Ar 2019, ittufsar ugzzum 43 (Fasc. XLIII) n tudifin (Siga - Syphax).

## Tisaɣulin


## Isɣunn Ibṛṛann

* ''Encyclopédie berbère'' by Gabriel Camps (French)
* Official site. Many free readable volumes (pdf)
Buguṭa

**Buguta** (s tasblyunt: Bogotá) tga tamaẓunt n Kulumbya, tḍfṛ i tmssugurt n Kundinamarka. tga tmdint tad bahra ijijgln s tattuyt ilkm ar 2.640 mitru, ɣayann a f tga tamaẓunt tis kṛaḍt ɣ tattuyt awr (?) "Labaẓ" d "Kwitu", tṭṭ amḍan kullu iqqurn n imzdaɣn s 7.8 mlyun n imzdaɣn, ilkm umḍan d tamdint d wattayn nns ar 8.7 mlyun n imzdaɣb. S tjumma nns, tga tamdint akkʷ mqqurn ɣ Kulumbya d yiffus n Marikan s mad yaẓn i 307.36 km². Tga ammas asrtan d udmsan n Kulumbya.

## Tisaɣulin
Ababr (ayt wanga n iẓẓlmḍ)

**ababr** (s tɛṛabt: ابابر), iga yan usun ibḍan, yili g tgrawt n tamaẓuẓt, tasunḍt n ayt urir, tasga n lḥuz, tamnaḍt n mṛṛakⵯc asfi g lmɣrib. iḍfaṛ usun ad i trfiqt n ayt wanga n iẓẓlmḍ nna g llan 7 n isunn. yuwḍ umḍan n imzdaɣn nns 639 n umzdaɣ g usiḍn amaddud n usggⵯas 2014. 

## tisnaddadin
### tisnaddadin timatayin
yuli umḍan n imzdaɣn n ababr s 18.6%, yuli umḍan n twacunin s 36.0% gr 2004 d 2014. g 2014, iga umḍan n imawaḍn 440 n umzdaɣ, gisn 224 n iwtman d 216 n twtmin.

ImageSize = width:220 height:220
PlotArea = left:70 right:40 top:20 bottom:20
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
Colors =
  id:gray1 value:gray(0.9)
DateFormat = yyyy
Period = from:0 till:700
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1000 start:0 gridcolor:gray1
PlotData =
  bar:2004 color:green width:1 
   from:0 till:539 width:25 text:539 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px
  bar:2014 color:red width:1 
   from:0 till:639 width:25 text:639 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px


*tawjiwin:

ImageSize = width:220 height:220
PlotArea = left:70 right:40 top:20 bottom:20
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
Colors =
  id:gray1 value:gray(0.9)
DateFormat = yyyy
Period = from:0 till:200
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1000 start:0 gridcolor:gray1
PlotData =
  bar:2004 color:green width:1 
   from:0 till:89 width:25 text:89 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px
  bar:2014 color:red width:1 
   from:0 till:121 width:25 text:121 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px


### iwl d tarwa
g 2014, gan wina yiwln g usun n ababr 61.6 s tgmiḍi n 9.6%, ig unammas n wawtay g wakud n yiwl amzwaru 26.4 n usggⵯas (29.8 dar irgazn d 23.1 dar tsdnan). ilkm unammas n ublulls dar tsdnan 5.7, d ublulls imdn 2.1.

### aslmd
g 2014, tlkm tgmiḍi n uslmd 95% gr irban d trbatin nna ɣur gr 6 d 11 n usggⵯas g wawtay nnsn g yimir anmlan 2013/2014, tlkm tgmiḍi n tarskkilt 52.4% gr imzdaɣn nna mi ilkm wawtay nnsn 10 isggⵯasn niɣ uggar.

### tawuri
g 2014. tlkm tgmiḍi n mdd nna ẓḍaṛnin i twuri 40% g ababr, ar nit swurin niɣ suln ar siggiln tawuri. tlkm tgmiḍi n tarwuri 3.4% gr mddn nna ɣur 15 n usggⵯas niɣ uggar g wawtay nnsn, iẓḍiṛn i twuri.

## tannayin

## tisaɣulin
Hanz Ctum

**Hans Ctum** (3 Nuwanbir 1864 ɣ Mitfayda – 20 Dujanbir 1936 ɣ Drizdn) iga yan umsnils aliman ittussann s irzzutn nns f tutlayin Tisamiyin d tutlayin Tifrusyanin yaḍnin.

Iɣra ɣ tsdawiyin n Tubingin, Hal, Libtzig d Strasburg, yamẓ aẓḍaṛ (habilitation) nns ɣ 1895. Lliɣ iga anlmad ɣ Libtzig, iɣra dar Luḍulf Kri, Albirt Zutsin d Fridirik Dilitc. Ɣ 1900, yaɣul d aslmad amaggas n Tfilulugt Tagmuḍant ɣ Libtzig nna ɣ ittusmma ɣ 1909 wan uslmad anburz (honoraire) n Tɛṛabt Tamaynut (Neo-Arabic) d tutalyin Tiḥamiyin.

Iskr uɣriwn f tskla Taɛṛabt d tantalayin n Lmɣrib Mqqurn; ifk tinawin f Tfarsit, Taturkit, Tamalṭit, Tagiɛizt, Tahawsat d Tutlayin Timaziɣin. Ikka tt inn iga amẓṛag n *Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft* (yan uɣmis n Wamun Ansgmuḍ Aliman).

## Tiwuriwin Ttustaynin
* *Märchen der Schluḥ von Tázerwalt*. (Transliteration and translation of Berber legends), 1891.
* *Tunisische Maerchen und Gedichte*, 1893 &ndash; Tunisian tales and poems.
* *Tripolitanisch-tunisische Beduinenlieder*, 1894 &ndash; Tripolitanian-Tunisian Bedouin songs.
* *Chants des Bédouins de Tripoli et de la Tunisie*, 1894 &ndash; Chants of Bedouins from Tripoli and Tunisia.
* *Grammatik des tunisischen Arabisch nebst Glossar*, 1896 &ndash; Grammar of Tunisian-Arabic with glossary. 
* *Märchen und gedichte aus der stadt Tripolis in Nordafrika*, 1898 &ndash; Tales and poems from the city of Tripoli in North Africa.
* *Handbuch des Schilhischen von Tazerwalt. Grammatik, Lesestück, Gespräche, Glossar*, 1899 &ndash; Handbook of the Shilha language of Tazeroualt; grammar, reading passages, dialogs, glossary.
* *Märchen der Berbern von Tamazratt in Südtunisien*, 1900 &ndash; Tales of the Berbers from Tamezret in southern Tunisia. 
* *Arabisch, Persisch und Türkisch in den Grundzügen der Laut- und Formenlehre*, 1902 &ndash; Arabic, Persian and Turkish in a general outline of phonology and morphology. 
* *Maltesische Märchen, Gedichte und Rätsel in deutscher Übersetzung*, 1904 &ndash; Maltese stories: poems and riddles in German translation.
* *Maltesische Studien; eine Sammlung prosaischer und poetischer Texte in maltesischer Sprache nebst Erläuterungen*, 1904 &ndash; Maltese studies; a collection of prose and poetic texts in Maltese.
* *Türkische Schrift; ein Übungsheft zum Schreibenlernen des Türkischen*, 1916 &ndash; Turkish writing;  an exercise book for learning how to write Turkish.

## Tisaɣulin
Tasnilst Tamzrayt

**Tasnilst tamzrayt** (nɣ d **tasnilst n usmzazal**) tga tiɣuri n unfal n tutlayt. Taẓlayt ad dars smmus izngumn:

# Tiɣuri n infaln ɣ kra n tutlayin s uẓlay.
# Tanazuft n uzarmzruy (préhistoire) n tutlayin, d issnw nnsnt ɣ twjiwin n tutlayin (tasnilst n usmzazal**)**
# Asbuɣlu n tiẓiṛin ɣf manmk d maxf aylliɣ infl umsli nɣ tutlayt
# Aglam n umzruy n tgrummin tisnlsin
# Tiɣuri n umzruy n tguriwin, tasnaẓɣuṛt

## Amzruy d ubuɣlu
Tasnilst tamzrayt tatrart da ittaɣul usakud nns s tgira n tasut tis 18. Tffɣ d zɣ iẓli izwarn n tsnmidit (philologie), tiɣuri n iḍrisn d warratn n tizikt.

Ɣ tuddma, tga yadlli tsnilst tamzrayt tasnilst n usmzazal. tkka tt inn tlla tawna f tutlayin Tind-urubiyin nna ittyussann mzyan, mnnawt gitsnt lant amzruy ɣzzifn n tirra. Ɣrin daɣ f tutlayin turalikin lli igan yat twja yaḍnin nna ur mi idrus wayda ittyuran.

Zɣ wakud ann, llant twuriwin tisnilsin ɣf tutlayin ur igin tiwrubiyin.

## Tisaɣulin
Aban (ayt uḥmdan)

**aban** (s tɛṛabt: أبان), iga yan uḍwwaṛ imunn, yili g tgrawt n tawayalt, tasunḍt n taliwin, tasga n trudant, tamnaḍt n fas-amknas g lmɣrib. iḍfaṛ uḍwwaṛ ad i trfiqt n ayt uḥmdan nna g llan 27 n iḍuṛan. ilkm umḍan n imzdaɣn nns 43 n umzdaɣ g usiḍn amaddud n usggⵯas 2004.

## tannayin

## Tisaɣulin
Abaṛu (ayt baɛmṛan)

**abaṛu** (s tɛṛabt: أبارو), iga yan uḍwwaṛ ibḍan, yili g tgrawt n unaɣa, tasunḍt n taṣṣuṛt, tasga n taṣṣuṛt, tamnaḍt n mṛṛakc-asfi g lmɣrib. iḍfaṛ uḍwwaṛ ad i trfiqt n ayt baɛmṛan nna g llan 8 n iḍuṛan. ilkm umḍan n imzdaɣn nns 396 n umzdaɣ, gisn 196 n iwtman d 200 n twtmin, g usiḍn amaddud n usggⵯas 2014. 

## tisnaddadin
### tisnaddadin timatayin
iggⵯiz umḍan n imzdaɣn n abaṛu s 25.7%, iggⵯiz umḍan n twjiwin s 13.0% gr 2004 d 2014. g 2014, iga umḍan n imawaḍn 279 n umzdaɣ, gisn 135 n iwtman d 144 n twtmin.

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PlotData =
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   from:0 till:533 width:25 text:533 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px
  bar:2014 color:red width:1 
   from:0 till:396 width:25 text:396 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px


*tawjiwin:

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PlotArea = left:70 right:40 top:20 bottom:20
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
Colors =
  id:gray1 value:gray(0.9)
DateFormat = yyyy
Period = from:0 till:200
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PlotData =
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   from:0 till:108 width:25 text:108 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px
  bar:2014 color:red width:1 
   from:0 till:94 width:25 text:94 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px


### iwl d tarwa
g 2014, gan wina yiwln g uḍwwaṛ n abaṛu 65.59 s tgmiḍi n 16.6%, ig unammas n wawtay g wakud n yiwl amzwaru 26.88 n usggⵯas (30.68 dar irgazn d 22.43 dar tsdnan). ilkm unammas n ublulls dar tsdnan 2.8, d ublulls imdn 2.38.

### aslmd
g 2014, tlkm tgmiḍi n uslmd 98.08% gr irban d trbatin nna dar gr 6 d 11 n usggⵯas g wawtay nnsn g yimir anmlan 2013/2014, tlkm tgmiḍi n tarskkilt 55.86% gr imzdaɣn nna mi ilkm wawtay nnsn 10 isggⵯasn niɣ uggar.

### tawuri
g 2014. tlkm tgmiḍi n mdd nna ẓḍaṛnin i twuri 48.75% g abaṛu, ar nit swurin niɣ suln ar siggiln tawuri. tlkm tgmiḍi n tarwuri 1.47% gr mddn nna dar 15 n usggⵯas niɣ uggar g wawtay nnsn, iẓḍiṛn i twuri.

## tannayin

## Tisaɣulin
Abda ḥmri (lalla ɣnnu n iffus)

**abda ḥmri** (s tɛṛabt: ابداوة حمري), iga yan uḍwwaṛ imunn, yili g tgrawt n sidi bubkr lḥajj, tasunḍt n lalla mimuna, tasga n lqqniṭra, tamnaḍt n ṛṛbaṭ-sla - lqqniṭra g lmɣrib. iḍfaṛ uḍwwaṛ ad i trfiqt n lalla ɣnnu n iffus nna g llan 5 n iḍuṛan. ilkm umḍan n imzdaɣn nns 146 n umzdaɣ g usiḍn amaddud n usggⵯas 2004.

## tannayin

## Tisaɣulin
Abajn (tafntirt)

**abajn** (s tɛṛabt: أباجن), iga yan uḍwwaṛ innazwan, yili g tgrawt n ida ugazw, tasunḍt n tamanar, tasga n taṣṣuṛt, tamnaḍt n mṛṛakc - asfi g lmɣrib. iḍfaṛ uḍwwaṛ ad i trfiqt n tafntirt nna g llan 8 n iḍuṛan. ilkm umḍan n imzdaɣn nns 155 n umzdaɣ g usiḍn amaddud n usggⵯas 2004.

## tannayin

## Tisaɣulin
Abuɣrdan (actukn)

**abuɣrdan** (s tɛṛabt: أبوغرادن), iga yan uḍwwaṛ innazwan, yili g tgrawt n tanalt, tasunḍt n ayt baha, tasga n wactukn ayt baha, tamnaḍt n fas-amknas g lmɣrib. iḍfaṛ uḍwwaṛ ad i trfiqt n actukn nna g llan 13 n iḍuṛan. ilkm umḍan n imzdaɣn nns 38 n umzdaɣ g usiḍn amaddud n usggⵯas 2004.

## tannayin

## Tisaɣulin
Abṭyun (wutliɣa)

**abṭyun** (s tɛṛabt: آبطيون), iga yan uḍwwaṛ imunn, yili g tgrawt n bni mnṣuṛ, tasunḍt n bu ḥmd, tasga n waccawn, tamnaḍt n ṭanja-tiṭṭawin - lḥusima g lmɣrib. iḍfaṛ uḍwwaṛ ad i trfiqt n wutliɣa nna g llan 3 n iḍuṛan. ilkm umḍan n imzdaɣn nns 475 n umzdaɣ g usiḍn amaddud n usggⵯas 2004.

## tannayin

## Tisaɣulin
Ababr (Ayt Wanga n iẓẓlmḍ)

**ababr** (s tɛṛabt: ابابر), iga yan usun ibḍan, yili g tgrawt n tamaẓuẓt, tasunḍt n ayt urir, tasga n lḥuz, tamnaḍt n mṛṛakʷc asfi g lmɣrib. iḍfaṛ usun ad i trfiqt n ayt wanga n iẓẓlmḍ nna g llan 7 n isunn. yuwḍ umḍan n imzdaɣn nns 639 n umzdaɣ g usiḍn amaddud n usggʷas 2014. 

## tisnaddadin
### tisnaddadin timatayin
yuli umḍan n imzdaɣn n ababr s 18.6%, yuli umḍan n twjiwin s 36.0% gr 2004 d 2014. g 2014, iga umḍan n imawaḍn 440 n umzdaɣ, gisn 224 n iwtman d 216 n twtmin.

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   from:0 till:539 width:25 text:539 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px
  bar:2014 color:red width:1 
   from:0 till:639 width:25 text:639 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px


*tawjiwin:

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PlotArea = left:70 right:40 top:20 bottom:20
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
Colors =
  id:gray1 value:gray(0.9)
DateFormat = yyyy
Period = from:0 till:200
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1000 start:0 gridcolor:gray1
PlotData =
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   from:0 till:89 width:25 text:89 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px
  bar:2014 color:red width:1 
   from:0 till:121 width:25 text:121 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px


### iwl d tarwa
g 2014, gan wina yiwln g usun n ababr 61.6 s tgmiḍi n 9.6%, ig unammas n wawtay g wakud n yiwl amzwaru 26.4 n usggʷas (29.8 dar irgazn d 23.1 dar tsdnan). ilkm unammas n ublulls dar tsdnan 5.7, d ublulls imdn 2.1.

### aslmd
g 2014, tlkm tgmiḍi n uslmd 95% gr irban d trbatin nna ɣur gr 6 d 11 n usggʷas g wawtay nnsn g yimir anmlan 2013/2014, tlkm tgmiḍi n tarskkilt 52.4% gr imzdaɣn nna mi ilkm wawtay nnsn 10 isggʷasn niɣ uggar.

### tawuri
g 2014. tlkm tgmiḍi n mdd nna ẓḍaṛnin i twuri 40% g ababr, ar nit swurin niɣ suln ar siggiln tawuri. tlkm tgmiḍi n tarwuri 3.4% gr mddn nna ɣur 15 n usggʷas niɣ uggar g wawtay nnsn, iẓḍiṛn i twuri.

## tannayin

## tisaɣulin
Agadir (ayt lḥsn)

**agadir** (s tɛṛabt: أكادير), iga yan uḍwwaṛ imunn, yili ɣ tgrawt n sidi ɣanm, tasunḍt n imi n tanut, tasga n cicawa, tamnaḍt n mṛṛakc-asfi ɣ lmɣrib. iḍfaṛ uḍwwaṛ ad i trfiqt n ayt lḥsn nna ɣ llan 9 n iḍuṛan. ilkm umḍan n imzdaɣn nns 197 n umzdaɣ, gisn 98 n iwtman d 99 n twtmin, ɣ usiḍn amaddud n usggʷas 2014. 

## tisnaddadin
### tisnaddadin timatayin
iggʷiz umḍan n imzdaɣn n agadir s 3.0%, iɣli umḍan n twjiwin s 8.6% gr 2004 d 2014. ɣ 2014, iga umḍan n imawaḍn 118 n umzdaɣ, gisn 59 n iwtman d 59 n twtmin.

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AlignBars = justify
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DateFormat = yyyy
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PlotData =
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   from:0 till:203 width:25 text:203 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px
  bar:2014 color:red width:1 
   from:0 till:197 width:25 text:197 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px


*tawjiwin:

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PlotArea = left:70 right:40 top:20 bottom:20
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
Colors =
  id:gray1 value:gray(0.9)
DateFormat = yyyy
Period = from:0 till:40
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1000 start:0 gridcolor:gray1
PlotData =
  bar:2004 color:green width:1 
   from:0 till:35 width:25 text:35 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px
  bar:2014 color:red width:1 
   from:0 till:38 width:25 text:38 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px


### iwl d tarwa
g 2014, gan wina yiwln ɣ uḍwwaṛ n agadir 68.64 s tgmiḍi n 34.8%, ig unammas n wawtay ɣ wakud n yiwl amzwaru 24.1 n usggʷas (... dar irgazn d 22.79 dar tsdnan). ilkm unammas n ublulls dar tsdnan 5, d ublulls imdn 2.02.

### aslmd
g 2014, tlkm tgmiḍi n uslmd 93.55% gr irban d trbatin nna dar gr 6 d 11 n usggʷas ɣ wawtay nnsn ɣ yimir anmlan 2013/2014, tlkm tgmiḍi n tarskkilt 71.83% gr imzdaɣn nna mi ilkm wawtay nnsn 10 isggʷasn niɣ uggar.

### tawuri
g 2014. tlkm tgmiḍi n mddn nna ẓḍaṛnin i twuri 38.98% ɣ agadir, ar nit swurin niɣ suln ar siggiln tawuri. tlkm tgmiḍi n tarwuri 15.22% gr mddn nna dar 15 n usggʷas niɣ uggar ɣ wawtay nnsn, iẓḍiṛn i twuri.

## tannayin

## Tisaɣulin
Agadir (ayt mnṣuṛ)

**agadir** (s tɛṛabt: اكادير), iga yan uḍwwaṛ imunn, yili ɣ tgrawt n aqqa iɣan, tasunḍt n fmm zgid, tasga n ṭaṭa, tamnaḍt n fas-amknas ɣ lmɣrib. iḍfaṛ uḍwwaṛ ad i trfiqt n ayt mnṣuṛ nna ɣ llan 3 n iḍuṛan. ilkm umḍan n imzdaɣn nns 180 n umzdaɣ ɣ usiḍn amaddud n usggʷas 2004.

## tannayin

## Tisaɣulin
Agadir (iziga)

**agadir** (s tɛṛabt: أكادير), iga yan uḍwwaṛ imunn, yili ɣ tgrawt n lmɛdr lkbir, taḍwwaṛḍt n tiznit, tasga n tznit, tamnaḍt n fas-amknas ɣ lmɣrib. iḍfaṛ uḍwwaṛ ad i trfiqt n iziga nna ɣ llan 5 n iḍuṛan. ilkm umḍan n imzdaɣn nns 74 n umzdaɣ ɣ usiḍn amaddud n usggʷas 2004.

## tannayin

## Tisaɣulin
Amnukal

Iga **Umnukal** (s tfinaɣ: ⵎⵏⴾⵍ, ⴰⵎⵏⵓⴽⴰⵍ) azwl akkʷ yattuyn dar imɣarn n imuzaɣ (itargiyn).

## Amzruy
Dat n uzmz akulunyal, kkan tt inn imqqunn injda (iṛṛḥḥaln) imzuaɣ ar sttin amɣar gr irgazn unẓiẓn n tqbilin nnsn fad ad nbḍn imqqunn.

* Ɣ mad igan Ddzayr ass ad, illa yan umnukal ɣ yixf n Kil Ahaggar zɣ uzmz n usrus n trsal nns (dar 1750). Tsul ɣ uzmz n usdurri afṛanṣiṣ ar 1903, macc ur sul sis ittwqṛṛa dffir n tsimant tadzayrit. Ilmma tettwakkas akkʷ ɣ 1977.
* Ɣ ugafa n mad igan Nnijr ɣil ad, ikka tt inn yan uwank ism as Ayr ɣ tuddma n tasut tis 15, srsn imqqunn n imuzaɣ ɣ ɣinn tirsal nns, ddaw yan *umnukal*, nna mi daɣ ittyufka uzwl Aɛṛab Amuslm n Sulṭan; ayann a f ar tettusmma "Tasulṭant Tamaziɣt".

Da aɣ tettini taysi tadlsant ma s d tamɣart tamzwarut n Imuzɣa ad tt igan d Tin Hinan, tamsrslt n wamun n Uhaggar. Illa usmḍl nns ɣ Abalessa ɣ tamnaḍt n Uhaggar.

## Tisuɣal d isugam

* Ilahiane, *Historical Dictionary of the Berbers (Imazighen)*, The Scarecrow Press, Inc.

* Amnni n WorldStatesmen f Nnijr
Agadir axrraz (anḍṛif)

**agadir axrraz** (s tɛṛabt: أكادير أخراز), iga yan uḍwwaṛ innazwan, yili ɣ tgrawt n awgnz, taḍwwaṛḍt n ayt baha, tasga n wactukn ayt baha, tamnaḍt n fas-amknas ɣ lmɣrib. iḍfaṛ uḍwwaṛ ad i trfiqt n anḍṛif nna ɣ llan 9 n iḍuṛan. ilkm umḍan n imzdaɣn nns 53 n umzdaɣ ɣ usiḍn amaddud n usggʷas 2004.

## tannayin

## Tisaɣulin
Agadir mllul (iɣdiwn)

**agadir mllul** (s tɛṛabt: أكادير ملول), iga yan uḍwwaṛ ibḍan, yili ɣ tgrawt n agadir mllul, taḍwwaṛḍt n taliwin, tasga n trudant, tamnaḍt n fas-amknas ɣ lmɣrib. iḍfaṛ uḍwwaṛ ad i trfiqt n iɣdiwn nna ɣ llan 21 n iḍuṛan. ilkm umḍan n imzdaɣn nns 66 n umzdaɣ ɣ usiḍn amaddud n usggʷas 2004.

## tannayin

## Tisaɣulin
Agadir n ayt bṛahim (ayt ɛli)

**agadir n ayt bṛahim** (s tɛṛabt: أكادير نايت براهيه), iga yan uḍwwaṛ imunn, yili ɣ tgrawt n ḍaṛ jjmɛa, taḍwwaṛḍt n amẓmiẓ, tasga n lḥuz, tamnaḍt n mṛṛakⵯc asfi ɣ lmɣrib. iḍfaṛ uḍwwaṛ ad i trfiqt n ayt ɛli nna ɣ llan 27 n iḍuṛan. ilkm umḍan n imzdaɣn nns 250 n umzdaɣ ɣ usiḍn amaddud n usggʷas 2004.

## tannayin

## Tisaɣulin
Agadir n ayt lcgṛ (ayt bud jɛfaṛ n iffus)

**agadir n ayt lcgṛ** (s tɛṛabt: اكادير نايت لشكر), iga yan uḍwwaṛ imunn, yili ɣ tgrawt n tamaẓuẓt, taḍwwaṛḍt n ayt uwrir, tasga n lḥuz, tamnaḍt n mṛṛakc-asfi ɣ lmɣrib. iḍfaṛ uḍwwaṛ ad i trfiqt n ayt bud jɛfaṛ n iffus nna ɣ llan 19 n iḍuṛan. ilkm umḍan n imzdaɣn nns 121 n umzdaɣ ɣ usiḍn amaddud n usggʷas 2004.

## tannayin

## Tisaɣulin
Agadir n ayt ṭṭalb (ida umrtinni)

**agadir n ayt ṭṭalb** (s tɛṛabt: أكادير نايت طالب), iga yan uḍwwaṛ imunn, yili ɣ tgrawt n sidi buɛal, taḍwwaṛḍt n iɣrm, tasga n trudant, tamnaḍt n fas-amknas ɣ lmɣrib. iḍfaṛ uḍwwaṛ ad i trfiqt n ida umrtinni nna ɣ llan 11 n iḍuṛan. ilkm umḍan n imzdaɣn nns 69 n umzdaɣ ɣ usiḍn amaddud n usggʷas 2004.

## tannayin

## Tisaɣulin
Abaɛqil (ayt sɛdlli n luḍa)

**abaɛqil** (s tɛṛabt: اباعقيل), iga yan usun imunn, yili g tgrawt n abadu, tasunḍt n ttwama, tasga n lḥuz, tamnaḍt n mṛṛakⵯc asfi g lmɣrib. iḍfaṛ usun ad i trfiqt n ayt sɛdlli n luḍa nna g llan 4 n isunn. yuwḍ umḍan n imzdaɣn nns 293 n umzdaɣ g usiḍn amaddud n usggⵯas 2014. 

## tisnaddadin
### tisnaddadin timatayin
yuli umḍan n imzdaɣn n abaɛqil s 12.7%, yuli umḍan n twacunin s 7.3% gr 2004 d 2014. g 2014, iga umḍan n imawaḍn 182 n umzdaɣ, gisn 99 n iwtman d 83 n twtmin.

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AlignBars = justify
Colors =
  id:gray1 value:gray(0.9)
DateFormat = yyyy
Period = from:0 till:300
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1000 start:0 gridcolor:gray1
PlotData =
  bar:2004 color:green width:1 
   from:0 till:260 width:25 text:260 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px
  bar:2014 color:red width:1 
   from:0 till:293 width:25 text:293 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px


*tawjiwin:

ImageSize = width:220 height:220
PlotArea = left:70 right:40 top:20 bottom:20
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
Colors =
  id:gray1 value:gray(0.9)
DateFormat = yyyy
Period = from:0 till:50
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1000 start:0 gridcolor:gray1
PlotData =
  bar:2004 color:green width:1 
   from:0 till:41 width:25 text:41 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px
  bar:2014 color:red width:1 
   from:0 till:44 width:25 text:44 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px


### iwl d tarwa
g 2014, gan wina yiwln g usun n abaɛqil 65.4 s tgmiḍi n 22.3%, ig unammas n wawtay g wakud n yiwl amzwaru 26.9 n usggⵯas (30.8 dar irgazn d 22.8 dar tsdnan). ilkm unammas n ublulls dar tsdnan 4.6, d ublulls imdn 5.3.

### aslmd
g 2014, tlkm tgmiḍi n uslmd 89.8% gr irban d trbatin nna ɣur gr 6 d 11 n usggⵯas g wawtay nnsn g yimir anmlan 2013/2014, tlkm tgmiḍi n tarskkilt 39.4% gr imzdaɣn nna mi ilkm wawtay nnsn 10 isggⵯasn niɣ uggar.

### tawuri
g 2014. tlkm tgmiḍi n mdd nna ẓḍaṛnin i twuri 45.6% g abaɛqil, ar nit swurin niɣ suln ar siggiln tawuri. tlkm tgmiḍi n tarwuri 4.8% gr mddn nna ɣur 15 n usggⵯas niɣ uggar g wawtay nnsn, iẓḍiṛn i twuri.

## tannayin

## Tisaɣulin
Abuzyyan (talgjunt)

**abuzyyan** (s tɛṛabt: أبوزيان), iga yan uḍwwaṛ imunn, yili g tgrawt n talgjunt, tasunḍt n ulad brrḥil, tamnaḍt n trudant, tamnaḍt n sus masst g lmɣrib. iḍfaṛ uḍwwaṛ ad i trfiqt n talgjunt nna g llan 12 n iḍuṛan. ilkm umḍan n imzdaɣn nns 210 n umzdaɣ g usiḍn amaddud n usggⵯas 2014. 

## tisnaddadin
### tisnaddadin timatayin
iggⵯiz umḍan n imzdaɣn n abuzyyan s 14.6%, iɣli umḍan n twjiwin s 12.9% gr 2004 d 2014. g 2014, iga umḍan n imawaḍn 137 n umzdaɣ, gisn 64 n iwtman d 73 n twtmin.

ImageSize = width:220 height:220
PlotArea = left:70 right:40 top:20 bottom:20
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
Colors =
  id:gray1 value:gray(0.9)
DateFormat = yyyy
Period = from:0 till:300
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1000 start:0 gridcolor:gray1
PlotData =
  bar:2004 color:green width:1 
   from:0 till:246 width:25 text:246 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px
  bar:2014 color:red width:1 
   from:0 till:210 width:25 text:210 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px


*tawjiwin:

ImageSize = width:220 height:220
PlotArea = left:70 right:40 top:20 bottom:20
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
Colors =
  id:gray1 value:gray(0.9)
DateFormat = yyyy
Period = from:0 till:40
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1000 start:0 gridcolor:gray1
PlotData =
  bar:2004 color:green width:1 
   from:0 till:31 width:25 text:31 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px
  bar:2014 color:red width:1 
   from:0 till:35 width:25 text:35 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px


### iwl d tarwa
g 2014, gan wina yiwln g uḍwwaṛ n abuzyyan 66.42 s tgmiḍi n 31.6%, ig unammas n wawtay g wakud n yiwl amzwaru 24.03 n usggⵯas (25.16 dar irgazn d 23.46 dar tsdnan). ilkm unammas n ublulls dar tsdnan 5.5, d ublulls imdn 3.36.

### aslmd
g 2014, tlkm tgmiḍi n uslmd 96.88% gr irban d trbatin nna dar gr 6 d 11 n usggⵯas g wawtay nnsn g yimir anmlan 2013/2014, tlkm tgmiḍi n tarskkilt 44.64% gr imzdaɣn nna mi ilkm wawtay nnsn 10 isggⵯasn niɣ uggar.

### tawuri
g 2014. tlkm tgmiḍi n mdd nna ẓḍaṛnin i twuri 35.77% g abuzyyan, ar nit swurin niɣ suln ar siggiln tawuri. tlkm tgmiḍi n tarwuri 0% gr mddn nna dar 15 n usggⵯas niɣ uggar g wawtay nnsn, iẓḍiṛn i twuri.

## tannayin

## Tisaɣulin
Agadir n ibaraɣn (ibaraɣn)

**agadir n ibaraɣn** (s tɛṛabt: أكادير براغا), iga yan uḍwwaṛ ibḍan, yili ɣ tgrawt n dar jjmɛa, taḍwwaṛḍt n amẓmiẓ, tasga n lḥuz, tamnaḍt n mṛṛakc-asfi ɣ lmɣrib. iḍfaṛ uḍwwaṛ ad i trfiqt n ibaraɣn nna ɣ llan 13 n iḍuṛan. ilkm umḍan n imzdaɣn nns 290 n umzdaɣ, gisn 132 n iwtman d 158 n twtmin, ɣ usiḍn amaddud n usggʷas 2014. 

## tisnaddadin
### tisnaddadin timatayin
iɣli umḍan n imzdaɣn n agadir n ibaraɣn s 17.4%, iɣli umḍan n twjiwin s 27.8% gr 2004 d 2014. ɣ 2014, iga umḍan n imawaḍn 211 n umzdaɣ, gisn 94 n iwtman d 117 n twtmin.

ImageSize = width:220 height:220
PlotArea = left:70 right:40 top:20 bottom:20
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
Colors =
  id:gray1 value:gray(0.9)
DateFormat = yyyy
Period = from:0 till:300
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1000 start:0 gridcolor:gray1
PlotData =
  bar:2004 color:green width:1 
   from:0 till:247 width:25 text:247 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px
  bar:2014 color:red width:1 
   from:0 till:290 width:25 text:290 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px


*tawjiwin:

ImageSize = width:220 height:220
PlotArea = left:70 right:40 top:20 bottom:20
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
Colors =
  id:gray1 value:gray(0.9)
DateFormat = yyyy
Period = from:0 till:70
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1000 start:0 gridcolor:gray1
PlotData =
  bar:2004 color:green width:1 
   from:0 till:54 width:25 text:54 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px
  bar:2014 color:red width:1 
   from:0 till:69 width:25 text:69 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px


### iwl d tarwa
g 2014, gan wina yiwln ɣ uḍwwaṛ n agadir n ibaraɣn 70.14 s tgmiḍi n 24.2%, ig unammas n wawtay ɣ wakud n yiwl amzwaru 23.37 n usggʷas (25.45 dar irgazn d 21.87 dar tsdnan). ilkm unammas n ublulls dar tsdnan 4, d ublulls imdn 4.3.

### aslmd
g 2014, tlkm tgmiḍi n uslmd 96% gr irban d trbatin nna dar gr 6 d 11 n usggʷas ɣ wawtay nnsn ɣ yimir anmlan 2013/2014, tlkm tgmiḍi n tarskkilt 56.6% gr imzdaɣn nna mi ilkm wawtay nnsn 10 isggʷasn niɣ uggar.

### tawuri
g 2014. tlkm tgmiḍi n mddn nna ẓḍaṛnin i twuri 32.7% ɣ agadir n ibaraɣn, ar nit swurin niɣ suln ar siggiln tawuri. tlkm tgmiḍi n tarwuri 1.45% gr mddn nna dar 15 n usggʷas niɣ uggar ɣ wawtay nnsn, iẓḍiṛn i twuri.

## tannayin

## Tisaɣulin
Agadir n ljamɛ (anzal)

**agadir n ljamɛ** (s tɛṛabt: أݣادير الجامع), iga yan uḍwwaṛ imunn, yili ɣ tgrawt n tizi n tast, taḍwwaṛḍt n ulad brrḥil, tamnaḍt n trudant, tamnaḍt n sus masst ɣ lmɣrib. iḍfaṛ uḍwwaṛ ad i trfiqt n anzal nna ɣ llan 10 n iḍuṛan. ilkm umḍan n imzdaɣn nns 116 n umzdaɣ ɣ usiḍn amaddud n usggʷas 2004.

## tannayin

## Tisaɣulin
Agadir unkraf (aflla n wasif)

**agadir unkraf** (s tɛṛabt: أكادير أونكارف), iga yan uḍwwaṛ imunn, yili ɣ tgrawt n ayt mẓal, taḍwwaṛḍt n ayt baha, tasga n wactukn ayt baha, tamnaḍt n fas-amknas ɣ lmɣrib. iḍfaṛ uḍwwaṛ ad i trfiqt n aflla n wasif nna ɣ llan 20 n iḍuṛan. ilkm umḍan n imzdaɣn nns 19 n umzdaɣ ɣ usiḍn amaddud n usggʷas 2004.

## tannayin

## Tisaɣulin
Agdim (aday)

**agdim** (s tɛṛabt: أكديم), iga yan uḍwwaṛ ibḍan, yili ɣ tgrawt n tnin aday, taḍwwaṛḍt n anẓi, tasga n tznit, tamnaḍt n fas-amknas ɣ lmɣrib. iḍfaṛ uḍwwaṛ ad i trfiqt n aday nna ɣ llan 37 n iḍuṛan. ilkm umḍan n imzdaɣn nns 146 n umzdaɣ ɣ usiḍn amaddud n usggʷas 2004.

## tannayin

## Tisaɣulin
Agdumin (iɣil utrim)

**agdumin** (s tɛṛabt: أكدومين), iga yan uḍwwaṛ imunn, yili ɣ tgrawt n tidili n ifṭwakn, taḍwwaṛḍt n infḍwak, tasga n uzilal, tamnaḍt n ayt umllal-xnifra ɣ lmɣrib. iḍfaṛ uḍwwaṛ ad i trfiqt n iɣil utrim nna ɣ llan 10 n iḍuṛan. ilkm umḍan n imzdaɣn nns 140 n umzdaɣ ɣ usiḍn amaddud n usggʷas 2004.

## tannayin

## Tisaɣulin
Agjgal (ayt sɛdlli n uzaɣar)

**agjgal** (s tɛṛabt: أكجكال), iga yan uḍwwaṛ imunn, yili ɣ tgrawt n abadu, taḍwwaṛḍt n ttwama, tasga n lḥuz, tamnaḍt n mṛṛakc-asfi ɣ lmɣrib. iḍfaṛ uḍwwaṛ ad i trfiqt n ayt sɛdlli n uzaɣar nna ɣ llan 16 n iḍuṛan. ilkm umḍan n imzdaɣn nns 445 n umzdaɣ ɣ usiḍn amaddud n usggʷas 2004.

## tannayin

## Tisaɣulin
Aglla (bni tgura)

**aglla** (s tɛṛabt: آكلا), iga yan uḍwwaṛ imunn, yili ɣ tgrawt n talmbuṭt, taḍwwaṛḍt n bu ḥmd, tasga n waccawn, tamnaḍt n ṭanja-tiṭṭawin-lḥusima ɣ lmɣrib. iḍfaṛ uḍwwaṛ ad i trfiqt n bni tgura nna ɣ llan 4 n iḍuṛan. ilkm umḍan n imzdaɣn nns 99 n umzdaɣ ɣ usiḍn amaddud n usggʷas 2004.

## tannayin

## Tisaɣulin
Agmmaḍ (ṛṛbɛ n tuẓẓumt ammas)

**agmmaḍ** (s tɛṛabt: اكماض), iga yan uḍwwaṛ imunn, yili ɣ tgrawt n ifran n waṭlas amẓyan, taḍwwaṛḍt n buyzakarn, tasga n uglmim, tamnaḍt n uglmim-asif n nun ɣ lmɣrib. iḍfaṛ uḍwwaṛ ad i trfiqt n ṛṛbɛ n tuẓẓumt ammas nna ɣ llan 6 n iḍuṛan. ilkm umḍan n imzdaɣn nns 556 n umzdaɣ, gisn 252 n iwtman d 304 n twtmin, ɣ usiḍn amaddud n usggʷas 2014. 

## tisnaddadin
### tisnaddadin timatayin
iggʷiz umḍan n imzdaɣn n agmmaḍ s 7.2%, iɣli umḍan n twjiwin s 16.8% gr 2004 d 2014. ɣ 2014, iga umḍan n imawaḍn 431 n umzdaɣ, gisn 187 n iwtman d 244 n twtmin.

ImageSize = width:220 height:220
PlotArea = left:70 right:40 top:20 bottom:20
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
Colors =
  id:gray1 value:gray(0.9)
DateFormat = yyyy
Period = from:0 till:600
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1000 start:0 gridcolor:gray1
PlotData =
  bar:2004 color:green width:1 
   from:0 till:599 width:25 text:599 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px
  bar:2014 color:red width:1 
   from:0 till:556 width:25 text:556 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px


*tawjiwin:

ImageSize = width:220 height:220
PlotArea = left:70 right:40 top:20 bottom:20
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
Colors =
  id:gray1 value:gray(0.9)
DateFormat = yyyy
Period = from:0 till:200
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1000 start:0 gridcolor:gray1
PlotData =
  bar:2004 color:green width:1 
   from:0 till:95 width:25 text:95 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px
  bar:2014 color:red width:1 
   from:0 till:111 width:25 text:111 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px


### iwl d tarwa
g 2014, gan wina yiwln ɣ uḍwwaṛ n agmmaḍ 53.13 s tgmiḍi n 9.6%, ig unammas n wawtay ɣ wakud n yiwl amzwaru 32 n usggʷas (31.84 dar irgazn d 31.62 dar tsdnan). ilkm unammas n ublulls dar tsdnan 3.19, d ublulls imdn 1.83.

### aslmd
g 2014, tlkm tgmiḍi n uslmd 96.67% gr irban d trbatin nna dar gr 6 d 11 n usggʷas ɣ wawtay nnsn ɣ yimir anmlan 2013/2014, tlkm tgmiḍi n tarskkilt 37.73% gr imzdaɣn nna mi ilkm wawtay nnsn 10 isggʷasn niɣ uggar.

### tawuri
g 2014. tlkm tgmiḍi n mddn nna ẓḍaṛnin i twuri 23.43% ɣ agmmaḍ, ar nit swurin niɣ suln ar siggiln tawuri. tlkm tgmiḍi n tarwuri 14.85% gr mddn nna dar 15 n usggʷas niɣ uggar ɣ wawtay nnsn, iẓḍiṛn i twuri.

## tannayin

## Tisaɣulin
Aglu (mgnuna)

**aglu** (s tɛṛabt: أكلو), iga yan uḍwwaṛ imunn, yili ɣ tgrawt n argana, taḍwwaṛḍt n ulad tayma, tasga n trudant, tamnaḍt n fas-amknas ɣ lmɣrib. iḍfaṛ uḍwwaṛ ad i trfiqt n mgnuna nna ɣ llan 9 n iḍuṛan. ilkm umḍan n imzdaɣn nns 98 n umzdaɣ ɣ usiḍn amaddud n usggʷas 2004.

## tannayin

## Tisaɣulin
Aguni (ida uzayku)

**aguni** (s tɛṛabt: أكوني), iga yan uḍwwaṛ ibḍan, yili ɣ tgrawt n ida uglul, taḍwwaṛḍt n tamanar, tasga n taṣṣuṛt, tamnaḍt n mṛṛakc-asfi ɣ lmɣrib. iḍfaṛ uḍwwaṛ ad i trfiqt n ida uzayku nna ɣ llan 7 n iḍuṛan. ilkm umḍan n imzdaɣn nns 167 n umzdaɣ ɣ usiḍn amaddud n usggʷas 2004.

## tannayin

## Tisaɣulin
Agulzan (ayt sɛid iccu)

**agulzan** (s tɛṛabt: اكولزان), iga yan uḍwwaṛ innazwan, yili ɣ tgrawt n imi n wudi, taḍwwaṛḍt n ayt umllal, tasga n ayt umllal, tamnaḍt n ayt umllal-xnifra ɣ lmɣrib. iḍfaṛ uḍwwaṛ ad i trfiqt n ayt sɛid iccu nna ɣ llan 4 n iḍuṛan. ilkm umḍan n imzdaɣn nns 179 n umzdaɣ, gisn 95 n iwtman d 84 n twtmin, ɣ usiḍn amaddud n usggʷas 2014.

## tisnaddadin
### tisnaddadin timatayin
iɣli umḍan n imzdaɣn n agulzan s 2.3%, iɣli umḍan n twjiwin s 11.1% gr 2004 d 2014. ɣ 2014, iga umḍan imawaḍn 117 n umzdaɣ, gisn 65 n iwtman d 52 n twtmin.

ImageSize = width:220 height:220
PlotArea = left:70 right:40 top:20 bottom:20
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
Colors =
  id:gray1 value:gray(0.9)
DateFormat = yyyy
Period = from:0 till:200
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1000 start:0 gridcolor:gray1
PlotData =
  bar:2004 color:green width:1 
   from:0 till:175 width:25 text:175 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px
  bar:2014 color:red width:1 
   from:0 till:179 width:25 text:179 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px


*tawjiwin:

ImageSize = width:220 height:220
PlotArea = left:70 right:40 top:20 bottom:20
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
Colors =
  id:gray1 value:gray(0.9)
DateFormat = yyyy
Period = from:0 till:30
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1000 start:0 gridcolor:gray1
PlotData =
  bar:2004 color:green width:1 
   from:0 till:27 width:25 text:27 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px
  bar:2014 color:red width:1 
   from:0 till:30 width:25 text:30 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px


### aslmd
g 2014, tlkm tgmiḍi n uslmd 85.71% gr irban d trbatin nna dar gr 6 isggʷasn d 11 n usggʷas ɣ wawtay nnsn ɣ yimir anmlan 2013/2014, tlkm tgmiḍi n tarskkilt 55% gr imzdaɣn nna mi ilkm wawtay nnsn 10 isggʷasn niɣ uggar.

### tawuri
g 2014. tlkm tgmiḍi n mddn nna ẓḍaṛnin i twuri 52.14% ɣ uḍwwaṛ agulzan, ar swurin niɣ suln ar siggiln tawuri. tlkm tgmiḍi n tarwuri 21.31% gr mddn nna dar 15 n usggʷas niɣ uggar ɣ wawtay nnsn, iẓḍiṛn i twuri.

## tannayin

## Tisaɣulin
Agrur (sart)

**agrur** (s tɛṛabt: أكرور), iga yan uḍwwaṛ ibḍan, yili ɣ tgrawt n tamggrut, taḍwwaṛḍt n tazagurt, tasga n tzagurt, tamnaḍt n dra-tafilalt ɣ lmɣrib. iḍfaṛ uḍwwaṛ ad i trfiqt n sart nna ɣ llan 4 n iḍuṛan. ilkm umḍan n imzdaɣn nns 116 n umzdaɣ ɣ usiḍn amaddud n usggʷas 2004.

## tannayin

## Tisaɣulin
Agrzil (ayt ɛli)

**agrzil** (s tɛṛabt: كرزيل), iga yan uḍwwaṛ ibḍan, yili ɣ tgrawt n tabya, taḍwwaṛḍt n iɣrm, tamnaḍt n trudant, tamnaḍt n sus masst ɣ lmɣrib. iḍfaṛ uḍwwaṛ ad i trfiqt n ayt ɛli nna ɣ llan 21 n iḍuṛan. ilkm umḍan n imzdaɣn nns 113 n umzdaɣ ɣ usiḍn amaddud n usggʷas 2004.

## tannayin

## Tisaɣulin
Agṛḍ (ayt flas-imxiln)

**agṛḍ** (s tɛṛabt: أكرض), iga yan uḍwwaṛ imunn, yili ɣ tgrawt n ayt wadrim, taḍwwaṛḍt n ayt baha, tasga n wactukn ayt baha, tamnaḍt n fas-amknas ɣ lmɣrib. iḍfaṛ uḍwwaṛ ad i trfiqt n ayt flas-imxiln nna ɣ llan 30 n iḍuṛan. ilkm umḍan n imzdaɣn nns 14 n umzdaɣ ɣ usiḍn amaddud n usggʷas 2004.

## tannayin

## Tisaɣulin
Agṛḍ (ayt mḥnnd u musa ayt dawd)

**agṛḍ** (s tɛṛabt: أكرض), iga yan uḍwwaṛ imunn, yili ɣ tgrawt n aɣbalu n tzzitunt, taḍwwaṛḍt n imi n tanut, tasga n cicawa, tamnaḍt n mṛṛakc-asfi ɣ lmɣrib. iḍfaṛ uḍwwaṛ ad i trfiqt n ayt mḥnnd u musa ayt dawd nna ɣ llan 7 n iḍuṛan. ilkm umḍan n imzdaɣn nns 118 n umzdaɣ ɣ usiḍn amaddud n usggʷas 2004.

## tannayin

## Tisaɣulin
Agṛḍ almmas (tanẓaḍt)

**agṛḍ almmas** (s tɛṛabt: اكرض الماس), iga yan uḍwwaṛ imunn, yili ɣ tgrawt n mulay bṛahim, taḍwwaṛḍt n taḥnnawt, tasga n lḥuz, tamnaḍt n mṛṛakⵯc asfi ɣ lmɣrib. iḍfaṛ uḍwwaṛ ad i trfiqt n tanẓaḍt nna ɣ llan 21 n iḍuṛan. ilkm umḍan n imzdaɣn nns 178 n umzdaɣ ɣ usiḍn amaddud n usggʷas 2004.

## tannayin

## Tisaɣulin
Agṛḍ iḥuṛṛin (aday)

**agṛḍ iḥuṛṛin** (s tɛṛabt: أكرض إحورين), iga yan uḍwwaṛ imunn, yili ɣ tgrawt n tnin aday, taḍwwaṛḍt n anẓi, tasga n tznit, tamnaḍt n fas-amknas ɣ lmɣrib. iḍfaṛ uḍwwaṛ ad i trfiqt n aday nna ɣ llan 37 n iḍuṛan. ilkm umḍan n imzdaɣn nns 51 n umzdaɣ ɣ usiḍn amaddud n usggʷas 2004.

## tannayin

## Tisaɣulin
Agṛḍ n balin (ayt musa)

**agṛḍ n balin**, iga yan uḍwwaṛ imunn, yili ɣ tgrawt n walqaḍi, taḍwwaṛḍt n iɣrm, tasga n trudant, tamnaḍt n sus-masst ɣ lmɣrib. iḍfaṛ uḍwwaṛ ad i trfiqt n ayt musa nna ɣ llan 12 n iḍuṛan. ilkm umḍan n imzdaɣn nns 98 n umzdaɣ ɣ usiḍn amaddud n usggʷas 2004.

## tannayin

## Tisaɣulin