open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Tuki Puna

**Toki Pona** tga yat tutlayt tawflsuft ittyubnan igan "artistic", tettyawssan s umawal-nns idrusn igzzuln. Tsnulfa-tt yat tmsnilst d tmssuɣlt igan Takanadit ism-as Sonja Lang, s uwttas n ussrxu n yixmmimn d umyalkam. Tettufsar i tikklt tamzwarut ammas n wantrnit asggʷas n 2001 amm yan "draft", fad ilmma tettufsar s talɣa-nns igan tummidt ɣ udlis igan s yism Toki Pona : Tutlayt n Wafulki asggʷas n 2014. Tsbuɣla ilmmadin d yixf-nns yat tmtti n yimssiwln imẓẓiyn zikk n tmrawant n 2000. Iẓli bahra ussmrs-nns s chat rooms, iẓṭṭa inmttiyn d yan mnnawt tgrummawin-yaḍnin, bla mayad, tettyawskarn f wudm-nns kra n yinmuggarn gr isggʷasn n 2000 d 2010.
## Aẓuṛ n yism
Ittyawskar ism-nns s toki nna isnamkn tutlayt nɣ d awal, zɣ Tok Pisin tok, nna d-ikkan nttan nnit s yixf-nns "talk" n Tneglizt; d pona isnamkn afulki, zɣ bona (afulki) n Tspirantut, d-ikkan bonus n Tlatinit.

## Awttas
Sonja Lang (d iluln s yism n Elen Kisa), tbda ar tsbuɣlu ɣ Toki Pona amm yat tɣarast s issrxu/issifsus yan ixmmimn-nns kudnna as-ixub waḍu. Yan zɣ yiwttasn n Toki Pona akkʷ stawhmmanin, iga-t "minimalism". Manmk s izḍar yan ad iɛbbṛ f "maximum" n yinumak s "minimum" n "complexities". Zun d kra n pidgin, ar "concentrer" f kra yimiḍrann d yifrisn fssusnin; ganin imaḍlann dar kullu tidlsiwin. Gis 120 ar 125 uẓur n yiwaliwn, d 14 ufunim ittusgaddan afad ad ifsus f ususru i yimssiwln d-kkanin yan mennaw "language background".
S "inspiration" n tflsuft tawẓerṭawiyt/taṭawiyt lli ikkan fll-as, iga yan zɣ iwttas-nns daɣ, ad tawes i yimssmrasn-nns ad "concentrer" ɣ tɣawsiwin lli ganin "basic" d ad "promoter" yan uswingem igan unnig, s umcacka d "hypothèse" n Sapir-Whorf ittinin mas da tssnfal tutlayt tamamkt n uswingm n middn sis isawaln d manmk s da ttṣrrafn. Amawal-nns, mqqar idrus ar ttizḍurn imssiwln-nns ad myikizn d ad myalkamn d ingratsn, mayad s umata-nns, ar ilkkm f "context" d kra n "combination" n mennawt tguriwin ma s ad ittɛbbaṛ yan f wuggar n yinumak ẓlinin. zɣ iswiyn-nns yaḍnin; ad aɣuln imssmrasn-nns gan imfrak s wakud amiran, ad rarn uggar n tɣʷḍft s mad tn-issutuln d tguriwin lli ssmrasn middn. S yimi n tmskart-nns, tettyawskar Toki Pona afad ad tg yat tutlayt ifjjijn, ifuknnicn.

## Amzruy
Zɣ lliɣ as-tettufsar yat version igan tazaykut ammas n wantrnit asggʷas n 2001 zɣ dar Sonja Lang, tbbaqqi ilmmakin tutlayt-ad s tfessi, ar tt-zzuzurn imiran-nns. Amussu-nns akkʷ izwarn, yumẓ adɣar ɣ yat tgrumma ammas n Yahoo! Rẓmn gis igmamn-nns amsgdal d ingratsn s Tnglizt, Toki Pona d Tspirantut, ssumrn-as isnfaln, sawln f isugam ammas n usit n tokipona.org. Maximum-nns n igmamn akud-ann, izri 500 n ugmam.

***Msmun awal n [[SGSM]] :** Msmun awal amatay asnmalay n tmaziɣt (MMSM)
## Tisaɣulin
Tutlayt Tamaziɣt n Ayt Sɣruccn

**Tamaziɣt n Ayt Sɣruccn** tga yat tutlayt tamaziɣt taznatit, tg zzɣ tin waṭlas anammas agmuḍan. Ar sis sawaln Ayt sɣruccn lli izdɣn ɣ wammas agmuḍan n lmɣrib.

## Assinw
Tamaziɣt n Ayt sɣruccn tga zzɣ tutlayin tiznatin mqqar ẓḍarn insiwln-nns ad ttnyarmasn d imsiwln n tntala n Ayt Ɛayac. Tamaziɣt n Ayt sɣruccn tga zzɣ tutlayin timaziɣin n waṭlas anammas agmuḍan illan ɣ ugmuḍ n idrarn n waṭlas anammas.
## Tabiblyugrafit
* 
* 
* -{Destaing, Edmond. "Essai de classification des dialectes berbères du Maroc." (Etudes et Documents Berbères, 19-20, 2001-2002 (1915)}-
* -{Kossmann, Maarten G. "Les verbes à i final en zénète"}- https://web.archive.org/web/20110718173608/https://www.openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/1887/4153/1/1267577_036.pdf
* -{Kossman, Maarten G. *Essai sur la phonologie du proto-berbère.* Koppe Verlag, 1999.}-
* -{"Le Tamazight (Maroc central) – Tamaziɣt."}- http://www.centrederechercheberbere.fr/tamazit.html
## Tisaɣulin
-{}-
Inẓiḍ

**inẓiḍ** (asgt :inẓaḍ) nɣ **Azbl** (asgt: izbaln) iga amyan n wazzar. G ixf n nfgan llan tugt n ifḍn n inẓad
***Msmun awal n [[SGSM]] :** Msmun awal amatay asnmalay n tmaziɣt (MMSM)
## Tisaɣulin
Tamriɣt

**Tamriɣt** iga yan iɣrm g tɣiwant n Ayt Ɛtab g waṭlas anammas. Anzwi g Tamriɣt ifṭṛ nɣ nzzḍaṛ ad nini mas iḥma kigan, mayad ad yujjan tamriɣt (d uzaɣar nna illan tama nns) ad dars iqqlay asggas abadan g igr n tfllaḥt d ma sis izdin, zun d ukan iddagn, imudar inamyarn ...

## Tarakalt
Tucka d tɣrmt n Tamriɣt g idrarn n waṭlas anammas. G tama n Tmriɣt illa yan uzaɣar, ism nns Iɣrɣṛ illan g ingr tiɣrmt n Tmriɣt d tɣrmin n Ayt Lazm d Ayt Bugrram

## Tafllaḥt
Tiɣrmt n Tamriɣt tlla tama n uzaɣar n Iɣrɣṛ, mayad yudja tt ad gis ilint tugt n tiyafutin tinflaḥin zun d ukan : ilintit, timẓin, irdn, lḥimẓ ...

## Imzdaɣ
imzdaɣ ar sawaln Taclḥit. Tugt n twjiwin zdɣnt g Tmriɣt, gisnt tawjiwin tt inn ikkan gan afus d iṛumin ilint tugt n wayda, gisnt tiyyad igan tawjiwin tinṣliyyin g tmnaḍt, zun d ukan : Ayt Mcac, Ayt Waɛli (gan d sg uɣrf n Ḥadda u Mnṣuṛ).

## Udmawn (middn ittyussan)
Tamriɣt ffaɣn d zgis tugt n middn ittyussan, zun d: Rqqiyya Ṣalḥ ittyussan s wassaɣ n Tamɣart tamaziɣt n uzzal, Bassu Uɛli d Muḥa Uɛli, sin irgazn ad gan imnayn ttyussan g umzruy amɣribi tusutin f tusutin.

## Anyalkam (Aɣaras)
Nzzḍaṛ a nlkm Tamriɣt sg tugt n iɣarasn tt izdin d tiɣrmin timqqranin (Mrrakc, Lfqqih Bn Ṣalḥ, Fas, Bni Mllal ...). iɣd nraḥ s tiɣrmt n Ulad Ɛyyad ra namẓ aɣaras izrin sg udrar n Butɣrer ar tɣrmt n Ayt Ɛtab; ilma nzri sg ubrid iddan s Ayt Malln; ilma s iɣrm nnaɣ Tamriɣt.

## Tisaɣulin
* **Amnni g wikipidya tafransist :** Tamright
Aznkʷḍ n duṛkas

**Aznkʷḍ n duṛkas** (ism nns amassan: *Gazella dorcas*), iga yan zzɣ wanawn n yiznkʷaḍ i yakkʷ imẓẓin d iggutn ɣ umaḍal, ar tlkkm tattuyt nns gr 53 ar  65 cm, d tiɣzi nns gr 80 ar 110 cm, d taẓḍuyt nns gr 12 ar 25 kg.

Ar zddɣnt tdfrin n uznkʷḍ n duṛkas tugtt n tmizar ɣ yiẓẓlmḍ n tafṛiqt, tagzirt n waɛṛabn , Kra n tsgiwin ɣ Ccam, Iṛan, s yiẓẓlmḍ n Lhnd ...
Ar ttddrn iznkʷaḍ ad ɣ ikaln n Tuga d imadaɣn ɣ Umurnwakuc d yiffus n Lubnan d Surya, d tama n isaffn ɣ Filisṭin, Libya, iẓẓlmḍ n Miṣṛa, Luṛdun, d tasgiwin tidrarin tinzrufin ɣ Dzayr afad ad anfn i tsgiwin timlaliyyin. ar ittudawan mas ɣaman ɣ wanaw ad n yiznkʷaḍ ma ilkkmn gr 35000 ar 40000 n uznkʷḍ.
Ar ittssurta uznkʷḍ n duṛkas mas ittusmagl s ufuḍ s tfsna idrusn, ɣ tmsḍfṛt taẓggʷaɣt n tamuni tamaḍlant n uḥṭṭu n ugama ɣ usggʷas n 2003.

## Tisaɣulin
Alissu Balduvinitti

**Alesso** nɣ d **Alessio Baldovinetti** (14 ktubeṛ 1425 - 29 ɣuct 1499), ikka tt nn iga yan umkla aṭalyan n Tlslalit tazaykut.

## Tasknudrt

Ilul d *Baldovinitti* ɣ Flurinsa dar yat twja n "nobles" igan tansbaɣurt. Asggʷas n 1448, ittuzmmem zun d yan sɣ igmamn n Gild n St. Luk (Agʷrram Luk): "Alisso di Baldovinitti, dipintore."

Ikkatinn iga amḍfar n tgrumma-ann n imẓrilawn imassann d yimẓrfamamn n tẓuri ɣ ar ittamu Andriyya dil Kastagno, Pawlu Utcillu nttan d Dominiko Vinzyano.  F ɣaylli ittyawnnan, nttan ad yawsn ɣ usdikuṛ n tfacga n S. Igidyu, is hlli ur iɣama kra n "record" ma s ad tssnẓut taɣawsa ad. Ttyawskarn idikuṛn-ad ɣ isggʷasn n 1441 - 1451 s tkssa n Dominiko Vinizyano d Andriyya dil Kastagno. Aylli iffuɣ ccekk, iga t mas d nttan ad ittyukllafn s usmad nns ɣ yan usakud igan aḍfran (1460).

Asggʷas n 1426, ittusmahl Alisso s tklut n ufrisku ixatrn i "Annunciation" ɣ ammas n tɣzamt n Annunziata tabaziliyt. Isagurn mklli s ar tn-nttannay, gan yan wanẓa f tsugrt n unaẓur ɣ usrws n yifruritn igamann s trarit-nns n tɣḍʷft inɣdn bahra, taɣawsa nna yujjan Vasari ad fllas izmmem yat snat tguriwin dis zdinin : "Ikka tt inn iɛzza dars ad yamẓ timuɣliwin issnɣl tnt nnican mkdda gant ɣ ugama-nnsnt, d mkann maf ar ilmma nttannay ɣ tflwin-nns isaffn; tilggʷin, iẓran, imɣayn, igumma, iɣarasn, igran, timdinin, d wahli n tɣawsiwin yaḍnin mi ur ili ttmi," ikka t inn awd iga yan "inveterate experimentalist" ɣ iskkinn itiqniyn.

## Tisaɣulin
Tamnaḍt n Lḥuz

Tga **Lḥawz** (s tfinaɣ : ⵍⵃⴰⵡⵣ), nɣ **Lḥuz** (s tfinaɣ : ⵍⵃⵓⵣ), yat tmnaḍt ɣ tasga n Mrrakc-Asfi ɣ tgldit n Lmɣrib. Iḥuziyn gan iclḥiyn ar sawaln tutlayt taclḥit. Tamnaḍt ad ayd illan ɣ tuẓẓumt n tmazirt, tamaẓunt nns tga-tt tmdint n Tḥnnawt. Zɣ timdinin lli gis illan ar nttafa Ayt Urir, Imlil, Amẓmiẓ, Ukaymdn, Urika

## Tadimugrafit
Ɣ tmnaḍt n Lḥawz llan 3 n tigrawin tiɣrmanin d 37 n tigrawin ur gin tiɣrmanin.

## Tiwlafin

RIVIERE de l'OURIKA.JPG|Asif n Urika
Oukaimden, Marrakech.jpg|Ukaymdn
سفح الجبل.jpg|Adrar n Drn
IGHIL.jpg|Talat n Yaɛqub
Haut Atlas vu du ciel.jpg|Tubqal zɣ ignna      


## Tisaɣulin


## Ɣaylli sis izdin
Allah

Allah, g tutlayt taɛṛabt “الله” nttat ad igan taguri taɛṛabt n wakuc. G tutlayt tachlḥit da tettbamak akuc g Lislam. Ittuɣal mas d tkka tguri “aṛṛabb”, tzdi g tsga tutlayant d tguri taṛamit (ila) d tsiryant ܐܲܠܵܗܵܐ (alaha) d tguri taɛibrit (Elohim) g unamk allah.

Ssmrsn waɛṛabn zg umzaray n isɣanen taguri n Allah zgmi izmaz man yad n lislam. Gan waɛṛabn yad n lislam tssumidn akuc amaflla , d kra n yakucn imẓyanen yaḍnin. Ssmrsn muḥmmd taguri n yakuc i tmuli dar armmus uslim xf aykuc. Ssmrsn imslmn (ɣas waɛṛabn), d udayn imsawaln s tɛṛabt s tudayt, d al ami irumiyyn waɛṛabn ism n " Allah" zun d ism "akuc" s umrira g tutlayt n tɛṛabt tidit. Tugt n waɛṛabn llin duln d imslmn. Kra n innazn itsmid asmrs nss s taɣarast ta, d mala ur igi s uẓlay , zg tafult ibabyyn d ibahayn d imandayn d irumiyyn indunsiyyin d imalṭiyn d udayn isifardyyn, d diɣ zg tafult agdud n ɣaɣuz. Ifra usmrs imiwi zg tafult n irumiyyn d isixyyn di zun tagumamt n malizya iḍfaṛn ɣr iknasn tasrtiyt d tazrfant.

## Tisaɣulin
Atrms n tafukt

**Atrms n tafukt** nɣ **Afsax n tafukt** nɣ **Attwaɣ n tafukt** (s tasrɣint : كسوف الشمس) iga yan wanaw n utrms azmz nna tlla tafukt d wayyur d wakal g yan umnid, yili wayyur ingr tafukt d wakal; mayad ad ittajjan ayyur ad iḥbs tifawt f wakal (ar gis ttilint tillas zun d ukan iḍ).

Ur nzzḍaṛ ad niẓaṛ atrms n tafukt abla ig nlla g yan udɣar iẓlin, acku atrms ar ittili ig tlla tafukt d wakal d wayyur g yan umnid, ɣikann ula afgan da isaqquln g tafukt, bac a iẓṛ atrms iqqan-d ad ili g yan umnid d tafukt d wayyur. Ur ad saqquln kullu middn n umaḍal atrms, ar tsaqquln g kra n tmizar tiyyaḍ uhu.
## Annay s twallin

Iqqan-d f ufgan ad ur iẓaṛ atrms n tafukt s twallin-nns waḥdu-tnt, acku ɣik-ad iẓḍaṛ ad as-iddu iẓṛi-nns; g uzmz n utrms n tafukt, ar d-ttkkant tafukt tugt n wanawn n taḍḍangiwin taliktṛamaɣniṭitin. Taḍḍangiwin ad gant taḍḍangiwin icqqan f iẓṛi n ufgan, zun d ukan :

#**Iẓnẓaṛn n tafukt :** Aẓnẓṛ n tafukt ur sgis ikṣuḍ ufgan walu f twallin ns, mac ig ur illi utrms afukan; acku g uzmz n utrms afukan ar d ttigutn iẓnẓaṛn n tafukt s wakal, ig ggutn iẓnẓaṛn ẓḍaṛn ad ssiḍnn tiwallin n ufgan.
#**Iẓnẓaṛn ddu azggaɣ :** Anaw-ad n iẓnẓaṛn ar ijddr aẓṭṭa n tiṭṭ n ufgan.
#**Iẓnẓaṛn nnig (iggi) inibi :**  Anaw ad n taḍḍangiwin talikṭṛamaɣniṭitin ihrc ula nttan f twallin n ufgan, acku ar isatti didas tugt n tazḍaṛt, mayad a f iẓḍaṛ a ijdr aẓṭṭa n twallin n ufgan.
## Anawn n utrms n tafukt

Atrms n tafukt ur igi yan yan, macc iga tugt n wanawn; nẓḍaṛ ad tn-nbḍu f kkuẓ n wanawn :
#**Atrms amuttr** : (s tanglizt : total eclipse) ar ittili wanaw-ad akud nna d-iruḥ umalu n wayyur s wakal; g uzmz ad ar gis ttbayan taqqaṛiḍt n tafukt.
#**Atrms buytli : ** (s tanglizt : annular eclipse) ar ittili akud-nna yaggug wayyur sg wakal, ur ar issnfay wayyur kullu tifawt n tafukt.
#**Atrms abṛbuc : ** (s tanglizt : hybrid eclipse) ar ittili wanaw ad akud-nna nẓṛa sin wanawn lli izwarn n utrms (amuttr d buytli) g kra n idɣarn g wakal iga gisn amuttr, g idɣaṛn yaḍnin iga gisn buytli. Nẓḍaṛ ad nini mas atrms abṛbuc iga tarkkust n sin wanawn imzwwra.
#**Atrms angzam : ** (s tanglizt : partial eclipse) ar ittili akud-nna ur nẓḍar sg wakal ad niẓaṛ kullu taqqaṛiḍt n tafukt, acku amalu n wayyur ar nn-iṭṭaṛ g mani yaḍni (g kra n udɣar nn yaggugn).

## Amawal
*Tarkkust : mélange
*Taqqaṛiḍt : disque



## Ẓr ula
*Atrms n wayyur

***Assuɣl sg Wikipidya tasrɣint : ** كسوف الشمس
## Tisaɣulin
Yuba (ismawn mrwasnin)

Llan krad imgradn s ddu yism ad n Ayyur:

* Yuba, yan unaẓuṛ asusi.
* Yuba Amzwaru, yan ugllid amaziɣ.
* Yuba Wiss Sin, iwin n Yuba Amzwaru, ula nttan iga yan ugllid amaziɣ.

## Ẓṛ uggar
* Yuba n Tuja, yat trabut n umarg n rock amaziɣ.

## Tisaɣulin
Lyunil Galand

**Lyunil Galand** niɣ *-{Lionel Galand}-* (s tfinaɣ: *ⵍⵢⵓⵏⵉⵍ ⴳⴰⵍⴰⵏⴷ*) (1920-2017), iga amsnils afṛansis, d umẓṛmaziɣ.

## Taridirt
Ilul ** Galand** ɣ Aluz ass n 11 Mayyu 1920, iɣra Tinml tabddayt tanafllat, iga agmam aqbur ɣ Tinml Tafṛansist n Ṛuma. 

Isslmd ɣ Usinag n tzrawin Tinafllatin Timɣribiyin, ig ula aslmad n tutlayt tamaziɣt ɣ Usinag anamur n tutlayin timinigin zɣ 1956 ar 1977, lliɣ yumẓ adɣar n Unḍṛi Baṣi nna illan ɣ udɣar ad zɣ 1941 ar 1956. Ig ilmma anmhal n tzrawin tilibiyin timaziɣin ar asggʷas 1979 ɣ tinml tallilant n tzrawin Tinafllatin (agzzum wiss kkuẓ, timassanin timzrayin) nna imsasan d usinag afṛansis (Takadimit n Izmmemn d Iskkiln Ifalkayn). Isnubbucn n *Galand* skan f tjṛṛumt tasmzazalt n tutlayin timaziɣin. Iskr ula kra n twuriwin f ussfru n Iskkiln ilibiyn, d kigan n tzrawin f timdyazin n itargiyn nna ismun Micil du Fuku.

Itahl **Bulit Galand Birni** *(-{Paulette Galand Pernet}-)*, tmmt ɣ usggʷas 2011, Arun **Birin Galand** *(-{Perrine Galand}-)*.

Immut ass 28 Kṭubṛ 2017, ɣ wawtay n 97 isggʷasn.

## Idlisn
* *-{Langue et littérature berbères. Vingt-cinq ans d'études*, Paris, Éditions du CNRS, 1979}-.  
* *-{Inscriptions antiques du Maroc - Inscriptions libyques*, Paris, Éditions du C.N.R.S., 1966}-. 
* -{Dir., *Lettres au Marabout. Messages touaregs au Père de Foucauld*, Paris, Belin, 1999}-.
* *-{Études de linguistique berbère*, Louvain/Paris, Peeters, 2002}-.
* *-{Regards sur le berbère*, Milan, Centro Studi Camito-Semitici, 2010. (ISBN 978-88-901537-2-3)}-.

## Tisaɣulin
Taḥnnawt

Tga **Taḥnnawt** yat tiɣrmt ɣ Lmɣrib. Tlla ɣ tmnaḍt n Lḥuz, taggug s 35 km f tiɣrmt n Mṛṛakc.
## Asnmkta
Ar ittini usiḍn lli ittyuskar ɣ usggʷas n 2014 mas:

### Aslmd

* Tigmiḍi n taqubbanit (middn lli ur ssin ad aqran wala ad ttaran) : 21,7%.
* Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli iɣran ar usinan n usmdi nɣd uggar : 21,3%.

### Tadamsa

* Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli llan ɣ isggasn nnsn n twuri : 47,8%.
* Tigmiḍi n tarwuri (middn lli ur ṭṭafn tawuri) : 11,4%.
* Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli swurin dar lmxzn (nɣ kantin swurin gis) : 28,8%.
* Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli swurin ɣ uslig (nɣ kantin swurin gis) : 44,2%.

## Tiwlafin

Tahnaout Marrakech Morroco.jpg|Yat tagant ɣ Tḥnnawt. 
Tahnawt-Douar Sour-Rivier.jpg|Yan wasif ɣ yan udwar ɣ Tḥnnawt.


## Tadimugrafit

ImageSize = width:220 height:220
PlotArea = left:70 right:40 top:20 bottom:20
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
Colors =
  id:gray1 value:gray(0.9)
DateFormat = yyyy
Period = from:0 till:7243
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1000 start:0 gridcolor:gray1
PlotData =
  bar:1994 color:gray1 width:1 
   from:0 till:5697 width:15 text:5697 textcolor:red  fontsize:8px
  bar:2004 color:gray1 width:1 
   from:0 till:6585 width:15  text:6585 textcolor:red  fontsize:8px

## Tisaɣulin


## Ɣaylli sis izdin
Amakr n Wusman

***Amakr n Wusman*** (s tnglizt: -{*The Lightning Thief*}-), iga yan wungal n tfanṭaziyt d "umɣamar" d iffuɣn asggʷas n 2005, da ittsnnad f wumiyn n wagrikn iqburn. Yura-t umara amirikani Rick Riordan. Adlis-ad ad igan amzwaru ɣ usddiy n Percy Jackson d Wulampiyn. Ar isawal usddiy-ad n yidlisn f yimuɣamartn n yan bu 12 usggʷas igan s yism Percy Jackson lliɣ nn-yufa yiɣf-nns mas iga yan uzgnyuc (azgn-afgan azgn-akuc). Percy, nttan ad igan yiws n yat tfgant d yan wakuc agriki igan s yism Poseidon. Ar ittmuna Percy nttan d yimddukkal-nns ɣ yat talmuɣamart/awttas afadd ur tnkr yat lgirra ngr ikucn n wagrikn; Zeus, Poseidon d Hades. 
Ismd Riordan tirra n warra-nns asggʷas n 1994. Amakr n Wusman, ittusɣa i tklit tamzwarut dar Bantam Books (Idlisn n Bantam) ɣ 1997. Izznza-t Bantam i Miramax Books. Ifsr-t Miramax ass n 18 yunyu, 2005. Uggar n 1.2 umlyun n tunɣilin ad gis inzan ḍarat kraḍ yisggʷasn. 

Iwi udlis kigan n tsmɣurin. Ɣ 2007, yucka-d ɣ tlgamt n Best Seller ɣ mayd iẓlin s tkatiguriyt n yidlisn n tazzanin ɣ ammas n The New York Times. Ittyuskar gis yan ufilm smman-as Percy Jackson d Wulampiyn: Amakr n Wusman. Ittyawẓra ufilm-nns ɣ yid ssinima i tklit akkʷ izwarn ammas n yiwunak munnin (Marikan) ass n 12 bṛayr ɣ 2010. Ill n Id Buxxu nɣ d The Sea of Monsters ad igan uḍfir n udlis-a.

## Tisaɣulin
D (Askkil)

**D** (*/yad/*) iga yan sg iskkiln imaziɣn, iḍfuṛ i ugmmay amaziɣ, ikkad agmmay alatin.  

## Amzruy :
Askkil D ikkad agmmay n tutlayt ntaqqburt n Sina (nɣ tanzruft n Sina); s tizwiri, D tkkad talɣa n uslm ilma tssudu ar tzzigiz sg tnzruft n Sina tzri dar igrikn s dar iṛumin, allig tga tirra ns talɣa n wassad.

## Tiwlafi

File:Aidi.jpg|Ay**d**i


## Tisaɣulin
Ḍ (Askkil)

**Ḍ** iga yan uskkil amaziɣ iḍfaṛn i ugmmay alatin n tmaziɣt, askkil ad irwas askkil yaḍni D.

## Tiwlafin :

WomanFeet.png|A**ḍ**aṛ
Yellowstone mud pot p1090998.jpg|Aba**ḍ**aṛ
Autumn Royal grapes.jpg|A**ḍ**il


## Tisaɣulin
Kliyupatra Tiss Sa

**Cleopatra** (Tagrikt: Κλεοπάτρα Φιλοπάτωρ) 69 dat n tlalit - 10 ɣuct 30 dat n tlalit, tkka-tt-inn tga tgllidt n tgldiyt tabṭulimiyt n Miẓra. Nttat ad iggwran i tglda-nns.

Tkka-tt-inn tga yat zzɣ tmɣarin akkʷ dar illa waddur ɣ umzruy. Ism-nns ummid iga-t Cleopatra Tis Sat Thea Philopator. Nttat ad igan tanggarut n yigllidn n tdinastiyt nɣ d tawja tagldant n Ifrɛunn Ibṭulimiyn lli d yumẓn tanbbaḍt n Miẓra ḍarat tmttant n Alexander Axatar. Lliɣ tmmut nttat, taɣul Miẓra tga yat tmnaḍt igan taṛumit ddu yism  n Aegyptus.

Aɣbalu agjdan n tudrt-nns ikka-d arratn n Plutarch; "tudrt n Antony", illan s mnnawt tsuɣilin. "Antony d Cleopatra", ad tt-igan d yat tatradijt bahra ittyawssann dar William Shakespeare, da ttinin mas tettyura gr yisggʷasn n 1603 d 1607. "Printed" tikklt tamzwarut  ɣ 1623. Cleopatra, tga mmu yiẓuran mmrksnin gr wagrikn d yimiṣriyn.

## Tudrt n Cleopatra
Cleopatra, tlul-d ɣ ammas n Tskandariyt, tamaẓunt n Miẓra ɣ akud-ann. Lliɣ tt-inn dars tkka 18 usggʷas, babas lli igan agllid, immut. Taɣul nttat d gʷmas Ptolemy wis kraḍ d mraw, gan inmɣurn n Miẓra. Tkka-tt-inn nttat tga tagllidt, ig gʷmas agllid. Gʷmas ɣ akud-ann ḥra iṭṭaf 10 usggʷas, ay isnamkn mas d nttat ad igan tanbbaḍt n tidt.
## Tisaɣulin
Imṛabḍn

**Imṛabḍn** niɣ **tawsit n imṛabḍn** (s tɛṛabt: **المرابطون**, s tlatint: **Al-Murābiṭūn**) yan nnsn iga tt "Amṛibḍ", gan yat tmnukda tamaziɣt ilan adasil nns ɣ tuẓẓumt n tglda n lmɣrib n wass ad. tssnkr yat tmnukalt ɣ tasut tiss-11 iɣrrdn ammas n utaram n tfriqt n ugafa d wandlus, tssntu ɣ yisggʷasn n id 1050 tɣama aylliɣ tḍṛ dar yimuwḥḥidn ɣ 1147. tmɣi d twsit sɣ umqqun n lmtuna, igudaln d mssufa, kra n tqbilin n imggudja imaziɣn da ttmussunin tizi nna ɣ ɣaylli ittggan tamurt n muṛiṭan n wass ad d tiniri tutrimt n tgldit tamɣiribit, ar ttmussun ɣ tmnaḍt n gr ḍṛa, nijr, ar asif n sanigal. ɣ uzmz n unɣal nnsn ɣr tfriqt n ugafa, srsn yimṛabḍn tirsal n tmdint n mṛṛakc gin tt d tamaẓunt n tgldit nnsn, ɣ wattayn n 1070.

zzrin yimṛabḍn yat tilalt ilan yan uddur axatar ɣ umzaɣ mgal n tḍuṛi n wandalus (tinnubḍa tamuslmt ɣ yibirya) ɣ yifassn n tglday timasiḥiyin n yibirya, lliɣ nnran yan umulli n tsrdasin d ikkan ayt kastilya d waragun ammas n yimnɣi ittussann s zzalaqa ɣ 1086. yujja tn uyad ad fsrn tanbaḍt nnsn ɣf yat tymbṛaṭurit yutn s 3,000 ikilumitrn sɣ yiffus nns ar agafa nns. inbbaḍn nns, ur jju gin assaɣ n xalif d winnsn, ṭṭfn ɣ udɣar nns ɣ wassaɣ n "agldun n yimuslmn" ("*Amir al-Muslimīn"),* ar ttggan ɣ usga yaḍn iɛbbasiyn ammas n baɣdad d ibrgllidn d yixalifn n tmtti n yimuslmn s wudm amaddud. waxxa mkann, ikka tt inn wakud n tnbaḍt n twsit nnsn igzzul. ḍṛn yimṛabḍnilin nit ɣ tattuyt n udwas nnsn ɣ uzmz ann lliɣ ur murisn ad siddn taɣwwaɣt n yimṣmuḍn s tnssixft n ibn tumrt. Ɣmkad, ikka tt inn ugllid nnsn anggaru isḥaq ibn ɛli ittunɣa ɣ mṛṛakc ɣ yibril n usggʷas n 1147 dar imuwḥḥidn, nna iwin adɣar nnsn amm yat twsit igan tanbbaḍt ɣf lmɣrib amqqran d wandalus.

## Tisaɣulin
E (Askkil)

**E** iga yan uskkil amaziɣ, assaɣ ns **ilm** acku ur a iskar walu g tirra tamaziɣt. 

## Aswwuri :
* Ar nttara **E** ig ingr sin iskkiln n targalt ig nmalan zund : "tettyukkas", "Tettr", "zmmem" ...

## Tiwlafin :

Penwriting.jpg|Zmm**e**m


## Tisaɣulin
F (Askkil)

**F** nɣ **Yaf** iga yan uskkil amaziɣ, ikkad agmmay alatin. Yaf iga askkil n targalt.

## Amzruy :

## Tiwlafin :

Marché de Louhans 037.JPG|A**f**ullus
Fire in Ranua.JPG|A**f**a


## Tisaɣulin
Tinawt n Ajdir

**Tinawt n Ajdir** (s taɛrabt: خطاب أجدير) tga yat tinawt bahra istawhman ɣ tmazirt n Lmɣrib d umzruy n tutlayt tamaziɣt. Ass n 17 ktubr 2001 ɣ tmdint n Ajdir, inna ugllid akswat Muḥmmad wiss ṣḍiṣ is *"Tamaziɣt, d adasil axatar n tdlsa tamɣrabiyt"*. Irna ɣ wawal nns; inna: *"Asmɣr n tmaziɣt iga tamasayt tanamurt"*. Iqqan d i imzdaɣn akkʷ n tmazirt ad amun ɣ usmɣr n tmagit nnsn. 

Zɣ wass nna, tkcm tmaziɣt azmz amaynu. Tinawt n Ajdir, tṛẓm idirn imqqurn i tmaziɣt: tkcm tinml, ttwarayn as idlisn s iskkiln n tfinaɣ, tettwaslmd tjṛṛumt d tussna nns. Acku tirra ayd isbddan tutlayt f iḍaṛn nns. Tirra ad as yakkan ad tzri zɣ tsuta s tsuta s tussna nns. Zun d idirn, tṛẓm tinml zun d winna ṛẓmn imassn n umsawaḍ, lumn ttilifizyun. ilmma, tinawt n ajdir tga asurif imqqurn ɣ ubrid n izrfan n ufgan. Acku, zun d wawal zun d tmazirt, iqqan d ad tn nḥḍu d ad tn nssmɣur.

## Tisaɣulin
Imuzzar n Uẓuḍ

Llan **Imuzzar n Uẓuḍ** ɣ tmnaḍt n Azilal ɣ tsga n Bni Mllal-Xnifra gr Uzilal d Dmnat. Gan yan ɣ idɣarn fulkinin ɣ tmazirt n Lmɣrib. Twassann s tḍuṛiwin nns attuynin. Ar d ṭṭaṛn waman n imuzzar ad zɣ tiddi n 150 (tmiḍi d sin ignarn d mraw) n id mitru . 

Ɣ unbdu, ar sis ttddun middn ad gis zuzwun, fjjijn ɣ tagant nns ifulkin. Tagant ad, tlla gis tugt n ibuɣas nɣ iẓɛḍaḍ itturarn iggi n waddagn. Maca, tawnnaḍt (ku mad aɣ issutln zun d aman d wakal d waddagn d imudar), ur gis tzddig zun d zik, acku ar gis ggarn (ar gis tluḥn) kra ɣ inrzaf arras ɣ waman, d ar ṛẓẓan addagn. Ɣmkann af d tmẓẓi tagant, idrusn gis ibuɣas acku ur a sul ttafan mad cttan. Munn imzdaɣn n uẓuḍ ɣ yat tmsmunt afad ad afn afssay i tmukrisin ad ixcnn.

## Tisaɣulin
Frḥat Mhnni

**Frḥat Mhnni** (ittwassn ula s yism n **Ferḥat Imaziɣn Imula**) ilul ɣ 5 Mars 1951 ɣ Illuln umalu, tama n tmdint n Tizi Uzzu ɣ tmnaḍt n Lqbayl ɣ Dzayr. Iga anaẓuṛ, argaz n tsrtit d amara amaziɣ aqbayli, nttan ad igan amkras d anssixf amzwaru n Umussu i ugucclman n tmazirt n Yiqbayliyn (MAK), yan umussu barha ilan atig ɣ tmnaḍt n Lqbayl acku ar ittdafaɛ f uzrf n uɣrf aqbayli ɣ tanaḍt n tugart d tuɣult nns. Azrf ad ittyura ula ɣ umgrad wis 32 n udustur adzayri.

Zɣ wass amzwaru ɣ wayyur n yunyu 2010, iga anssixf n *[[Anabaḍ Aqbayli Uεḍil|Unabaḍ Aqbayli Uεḍil]],* yat tnbaḍt illan ɣ brra n tmazirt n Lqbayl, tlla tnbaḍt ad ɣ tmdint n Bariz ɣ Fransa.

## Tudrt nns
Ilul Frḥat Mhnni ɣ ass n 5 mars 1951 ɣ Illuln Umalu, tmnaḍt n tmdint n Tizi Uzzu ɣ tmazirt Lqbayl ɣ Dzayr. Yiwi d lissuns nns ɣ timassanin tisrtan ɣ tsdawit n Dzayr tamaẓunt. Ibda Frḥat Mhnni azazu nns ɣ umarg ɣ usggʷas n 1973, yiwi d akkʷ gis tasmɣurt tamzwarut n Tfugla n uẓawan atrar n Dzayr. Imikk dffir mayad a ɣ ibda twuri nns zun d anaẓuṛ d amɣnas asrtan. Ikka t inn mgal tnbaḍt tadzayrit d imutacaddidiyn; ayad af ittwamẓ 13 n twal, ittusrar ɣ biggurdan i kraḍ isggʷasn d tɛddan fllas aggaḍn n tnbaḍt tadzayrit. Ḍaṛt uskruri n Tafsut tabrkant ɣ Lqbayl nna ibdan ḍaṛt tinɣi n yan uɛrrim aqbayli iga s yism Masinisa Germaḥ s ifassn n tnbaḍt tadzayrit, iskr ilmma Frḥat Mhnni Umussu i ugucclman n tmazirt n Yiqbayliyn, yan umussu asrtan isɣuyyun f ugucclman asrtan n Lqbayl. Ɣ 2015, amussu n MAK izri zɣ usɣuyyu f tafulmant s usɣuyyu f ugucclman. 

Tinɣi n iwis mqqurn, Amẓyan Mhnni, ɣ 2004, iga dar kra n middn zun d tamrrut f imnɣi nns f tafulmant. Llan wiyyaḍ ar ttinin mas d iẓḍar ad ig azgal d mas d Frḥat ad t inn ikkan iga aswutts.

## Amarg
*-{*Chants berbères de lutte et d'espoir* "Chants berbères de lutte et d'espoir" (1983)}-
*-{*Tuɣac n ddkir* "Chants d'acier, d'amour et de liberté" (1994)}-
*-{*Tuɣac n tmes d waman* "Chants de feu et d'eau" (1996 et 2001)}-
*-{*I Tmurt n Leqvayel* "Hymne à la Kabylie" (2002)}-
*-{*Adekker d usirem* "Requiem et Espoir" (2004)}-

## Tisaɣulin
Ḥ (Askkil)

**Ḥ** iga yan uskkil amaziɣ iẓlin, ism nns d **Yaḥ**. Askkil ad iga sg iskkiln mi ism *inkarn* ntta d **ɛ** acku iskkiln ad ur tt inn kkin dar imaziɣn, kcmn d s tmazɣa d ukccum n Lislam s tmizar ad.

## inkarn :
inkarn gan sin iskkiln : ḥ, ɛ.

## Tiwlafin :

Ahwach Aoulouz.png|A**ḥ**wac


## Tisaɣulin
Ɛli Cuhad

Iga **Ɛli Cuhad** (ilul ɣ 1965 ɣ Isaffn, tama n idrarn n watlas mẓẓiyn) amara, amdyaz d unaẓuṛ aclḥi amɣribi.

## Tudrt nns
Ɛli Cuhad, agʷrram lli d yiwi uɣdjaj d unzgum s umarg, ilul ɣ Ibrkak (Isaffn, adrar n Watlas mẓẓiyn) ɣ usggʷas n 1957. Ibrkak ttyawssann mas gan ayt umarg, tiɣbula ddrnin n tiyyat d turarin d tguriwin idran ɣ umarg d tayri n umarg. Ɣinn a ɣ iga umarg zun d imnɣi, yan iss ikcmn zun d iɣ ikcm s imnɣi, ur ad laḥ ma ɣ d ittwat. Ɣinn nit aɣ d ittut Mulay Ɛli, acku inkr d ar issflid i turarin ttirir mas, babas, aytmas, istmas, d ayt uqbil nns akkʷ. Mkann a f t inn ur smyarn isgiwar n tinml, ifl tn, nɣ d ur t umin, sul imẓẓiy, yakʷi s usays ar ittlmad mamnk s ikkit, zun d imzwura nns, awal. Ɣmkann a f zwar iga anḍḍam n usays ur ta iɣli d lɣrb awin t iwaliwn "ittmuddun" s tanana n idinann.

Ɣ usggwas n 1976, ngr ijiwjiwn ittɣliɣiln gr iɛzriyn n tmazirt, a ɣ inmaggar imddukal yaḍn zun d Damu, skrn tarabbut n Izmaz. Izmaz ad isat ar ittlmad tiɣarasin yaḍn ibdan d uḥwac, n umarg. Mac, mkli nit ira ism nns ad tn yini, ur kkin yat, ibdu yidsn Mulay Ɛli, acku aḥwac lliɣ issum akʷfay n umarg, ur tin yuji ɣ tiyyat yaḍn. Mkan af inmaggar ayt dars illan ɣ tgmmi tumlilt ɣ iga gʷmas Ɛbdlkbir, agʷrram Salut, Mulay Brahim, Ɛziz (Lli immutn tigariwin ad) d wiyyaḍ, skrn tarabbut n Arcac ɣ usggwas n 1979/1980.

Tarbbut ad lli ittagmn ɣ tiɣbula ur ittiɣarn n uḥwac tẓḍaṛ ad tskr idis nns gr trubba yaḍn, zɣ mad ttyawskar ad tsfaɣ asggʷas ar wayyaḍ tasfift s tayyaḍ, ilin dars ɣilad uggar n mrawt tsfifin n umarg.

Mqqar illa d trabbut n Arcac, ar sul d isuffuɣ Mulay Ɛli tisfifin ɣas nttan (zun d illi ɣ yurar tayri ikkitn zun d amariq), tisfifin lliɣ ittirir timdyazin nns, nɣ tin imdyazn iqburn zun d Sidi Hmu, Anccad. Mkli daɣ iskr yat tasfift nttan d umarir Ɛmmouri Mbark.

Mulay Ɛli ar ittirir anzgum llid jun ur yunfn aɣaras nns "*a gix i lhm asnfu imyar aɣ d ittats ; a kullu iɣrasn da tkkan nmdi yasn"* , tayri d umutti iqjrn n tamtti lliɣ iddr, s tguri yaḍn, tudrt igan zun d ajlabiy mu ḥawln waman, ur rurn asmmiḍ, ur rurn tiṭṭ.

## Amarg
Itinspira yadlli Ɛli Cuhad s tmdyazt taclḥit taqburt, ilmma yura kigan n iwaliwn n umarg d tmdyazin i trabbut nns Arcac nɣ i ugayyu nns:

* *Igudar n Sus*
* *Awinu Tflt iyi d* 
* *Yan Dar Zhr* 
* *Ɛaql Awinu Ma tskrt*

## Tisaɣulin
Iḍ innayr

**Iḍ innayr** iga yan yiḍ (diyiḍ) ar gis tfuglun imaziɣn n tfriqt n ugafa s usggʷas amaziɣ amaynu

Ɣ 2018, tga d tfugla ad tamaddudt g Dzayr.

Ɣ 3 May 2023. issuded ugllid Muḥmmad Wiss Ṣḍiṣ tafugla ad, tg d ilmma yat zɣ tfugliwin timaddudin ɣ Lmɣrib.

## Manmk as Izray

### Dar iclḥiyn
Ass nna igan Iḍ innayr, iggru ɣ dujambir. Da ttidunt tmɣarin, ẓdnt ibawn. Ddun ijijan s igran, awin d gisn tammayt d zzitun d uḍaṛ n utbir t tmẓẓuɣt n tili d lfṣṣa d txsayt d uqurr. Awin tammayt d zzit, gnt i lɛtbat n tgmmi. Asin aqurr d lfssa d xizzu d uḍaṛ n utbir d tmẓẓuɣt n tili, fkn tn i tmɣarin.

Asint tmɣarin ɣayann kullu, zaydnt gis yan waqqa, gnt nn ɣayann ɣ tgdurt, ntta d ibawn. Gnt fllas aman ẓidrnn, ar inggʷa. Ar tassaɛt nna inwa, asin t daɣ tifiyya d zgzaw mis, gn t stt inn ɣ tgdurt ula nttat.

Tassaɛt nna iraḥ imnsi, asin t d talxca, ar tt cttan kullu ayt tgmmi. Wanna gitsn yufan aqurr ɣ tlxca, nnan as : « Iqqur uxsas nnk ! » Wa nna yufan aqqa, nnan as : « Iḥla yak ssɛd nnk ! »

Tassaɛt nna ccan, asin yat tmṭṭust n uɣrum. Mmun tt inn ɣ tlxca, gn tt inn dar tḍart n tflut, ad gis tns.

Asin daɣ tagdurt ann n uṣgaḍ. Ccn t, ssarn ɣayann ɣ udis nns, gʷn, rɣn. Zikk, iɣ d nkrn, qllbn tamṭṭust, da gan ɣ dar tḍart n tflut. Nnan, iɣ nn gis ufan kra n ccɛr n wulli, nnan ak : « Ran t ad darsn zaydnt wulli ɣ usggʷas ann. » Iɣ mi gis ufan inẓḍ n imugayn, nnan : « Ran t ad darsn zaydnt lbhaym. » Iɣ nn gis ufan inẓḍ n uɣyul, nɣ asrdun, nnan : « Ran ad darsn zaydn ɣ usggʷas ann. » Iɣ nn gis ufan kra n ccɛr izggʷaɣn nɣ izgzaw, nɣ awraɣ, nnan : « Ira ad darnɣ izayd kra n lfrac asggʷas ad. » Iɣ nn gis ufan kra n tsttixt, nnan : « Ira a immt kra gisn ɣ usggʷas ann. »

Ilin daɣ wida iskrn lqaɛida yaḍnin. Da ttasin ibawn d yirdn d tmzin d umṣri d ikikr d tniltit. Ssarn tn, ar tn cttan ɣ yiḍ n nnayr. Rɣn s lktrt n ɣayann ssan. Nnan : « Ha nn asggʷas ibddl, irɣa lḥal, tkka d trɣi akal. » Illa gis lbɛḍ n isggʷasn, dda d nkkrn, afn d tilist, tqqn asn imi n tgmmaw.

## Tisaɣulin
Tamtti

**Tamtti** nɣ **Amun** nɣ **Tametti** (s tsrɣint : مجتمع, s tfransist : Société) tga yat tɣmrt ismun kraygat anɣmis nɣ amagrad izdin d ussutr, d uskkir nɣ amussu n tamtti taɣarimt illan f idls amaziɣ zun d (timsmunin, ismaln, iswnitn, inqisn n twuriwin, imskann…)

## Tisaɣulin
*https://web.archive.org/web/20120316141441/http://www.mondeberbere.com/

***Msmun awal n [[SGSM]] :** Msmun awal amatay asnmalay n tmaziɣt (MMSM)
Abaraz n Adrar

**Abaraz Mqqurn n Adrar** (s tfransist: Stade Adrar, s tɛrabt: ملعب أدرار) iga yan ubaraz n tkurt n uḍaṛ illan ɣ tmdint n Agadir ɣ Lmɣrib. Nnuṛẓmn iflwan n ubaraz ad ass n 11 uktubr 2013, iwala ubaraz ad i tamawast n tɛɛurma d tunnunt, d ar t tjiray SONARGES (Tamssurt tanamurt n usufɣ d uswuddu n ibarazn). Ar isnubg ubaraz ad akkʷ tmnyugart n trabbut n Talḥasant n ugadir.

## Amzruy
Tbda twuri n ubaraz mqqurn n Adrar ɣ ass n 4 n wayyur wis 6 n usggʷas n 2004 s yan atig ilkkmn s 860 id mlyun n ddrhm amɣribi. Ikka t inn yadlli ittuskar lblan bac ad ikmml lbni nns d ad yujad ɣ 2007, afad ad gis ittunḍam ukrwas n umaḍal ɣ Lmɣrib ɣ usggʷas n 2010. Zɣ ɣ akud ann a s ibda ttmwil n usɣnu ittubḍa f isggʷasn ar d ikmml lbni nns ɣ wayyur wis 8 n 2013. Zɣ ɣ akud ann a s ibda ubaraz ar isnubg d ar isbrrak tmnyugart n trabbut n Talḥasant n ugadir.

## Inmuggarn istawhmman

### Timnyugarin n unnuṛẓm

*  Talḥasant n Ugadir 0 - 1  Ilmẓiyn Inaddaln n Lqbayl, 11 uktubr 2013
*  Lmɣrib 1 - 1  Tafriqt n unẓul, 11 uktubr 2013

### Akrwas n umaḍal n trubba n FIFA 2013

*  Raja n Tgmmi tumlilt 2 - 1  Ukland Siti FC, 11 dujanbir 2013
*  Gangzhu Ivirgrand 2 - 0  Al Ahly, 14 dujanbir 2013
*  Raja n Tgmmi tumlilt 2 - 1  CF Mutirriy, 14 dujanbir 2013
*  Gangzhu Ivirgrand 0 - 3  Bayirn Myunix, 17 dujanbir 2013

### Asɣrt i Ukrwas n Tfriqt i Timtta 2017

*  Lmɣrib 1 - 1  Libya, 7 yunyu 2015

## Tiwlafin

Cabina Commentatore stade Agadir.jpg|300px|Aḥanu n id lmuɛlliq
Stade agadir Posti vip.jpg|400px|Isɣimn VIP n ubaraz


## Tisaɣulin
 
  
  
 
 
 
 

* Asuɣl zɣ Tunɣilt Taɛṛabt tamɣribit d Tunɣilt Tafṛanṣiṣt n Wikipidya 22 yulyuz 2021.
* FRMF : Le nouveau stade d'Agadir bientôt prêt

## Ẓr daɣ

* Talḥasant n ugadir
* Olampik Dcayra

## Ɣaylli sis izdin
Iwis n Wayyaḍ

***Iwis n Wayyaḍ*** (azwl anṣli: ***Le Fils de l'Autre***) iga yan ufilm afransawi n ddrama iffɣ d ɣ usggʷas n 2012, tanmhalt nns tga t Lorraine Lévy. 

## Tagḍwit
Ar isawal lfilm f taqssist n yan ufrux u israyil iga s yism Juzif Silbirg, lli d yaẓ ad iskr 18 isggʷasn yili ad ikcm s Tasrdast n Umzaɣ Tasrayilit. Lliɣ ar izzray irimn afad ad sis ikcm, tfaq tawja nns is iṭṭaf afrux taggayt n idammn ur irwasn tinnsn. Skrn ilmma irimn yaḍnin zun d win DNA, ik nna d ffɣn tnuṭṭaf sliɣ tktacf tawja mas Juzif ur igi iwitsn.

Iskr ṣṣbiṭaṛ ɣ d ilul Juzif yan urzzu, ufan mas tjṛa yat tsiɣt s lqqnbul ass n tlallit nns, nnan mas iwint tifrmliyin Juzif d yan ubijju yaḍn s uḥanu n sslamt fad ad tn arin zɣ tsiɣt, ilmma ttusbadaln s tzglt. Imyalkam amssugur n ṣṣbiṭaṛ ann d tawja n ubijju ann yaḍn, lli gan ifalisṭiniyn. Iwitsn, Yasin Al Bazaz, ula ntta ilul d tadggʷat ann.

Ar tzzigiz taqssist s usnfl n imjṛitn, ar gis kccmn ula imukrisn n umnzaɣ isalyilu-falasṭini nna ɣ ufan id babatsn ixfawn nnsn gan imslakn ad ssidnn tagʷnit, mac ɣ usga yaḍn id mamatsn nnuṛẓmn f tzmrt ad ddukln tawjiwin s sin. Imik s imik ifrxan s sin rad gin d imdukkal, tawijiwin nnsn rad fllasn ig accil ad alsn uswingm ɣ taɣalt nnsn bac ad ssidnn tilawt.

## Tisaɣulin


## Izdayn n brra

* *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120915002329/http://cohenmedia.net/the-other-son/synopsis/ The Other Son]* ɣ ammas n Cohen Media Group
* *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120915002329/http://cohenmedia.net/the-other-son/synopsis/ The Other Son]* ɣ ammas n IMDb
T195546/Talk:Aggur:Tasenselkimt

## Imrsi n yism
Azul a mass , riɣ ad k-saqsaɣ is tssnt is tlla ula tguri "tasnmalayt" isnmakn "-{informatique}-" ɣ Msmun-awal amggaru n usinag? nɣ is tt tẓrit tannit gi-s tannit kra n umukris tssmrst tad? -- (amsawal) 24 Yulyuz 2021 à 20:57 (+01)
Wlad Tayma

**Wlad Tayma** (s tɛrabt: أولاد تايمة s tfransist: -{Oulad Teïma}-) tga yat tmdint tamɣribit iḍfaṛn i tmnaḍt n Tarudant ɣ tsga n Sus-masst.

## Asnmkta
Ar ittini usiḍn lli ittyuskarn ɣ usggʷas n 2014 mas:

### Aslmd

* Tigmiḍi n tqubbanit (middn lli ur ssin ad aqran wala ad ttaran) : 29,6%
* Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣn lli iɣran ar usinan n usmdi nɣd uggar : 14,8%

### Tadamsa

* Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣn lli llan ɣ isggʷasn nnsn n twuri : 45,3%
* Tigmiḍi n tarwuri (middn lli ur ṭṭifn tawuri) : 13%
* Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣn lli iswuruyn dar lmxzn (nɣ tt inn kkan swurin gis) : 9,3%
* Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣn lli iswuruyn ɣ yigr uslig (nɣ tt inn kkan swurin gis) : 52%

## Tisaɣulin

## Ɣayli sis izdin
Ayt Iɛzza

**Ayt Iɛzza** (s tɛrabt: آيت يعزا s tfransist: -{Aït Iaâza}-) tga yat tmdint tamɣribit iḍfaṛn i tmnaḍt n Tarudant ɣ tsga n Sus-masst.

## Asnmkta
Ar ittini usiḍn lli ittyuskar ɣ usggʷas n 2014 mas:

### Aslmd

* Tigmiḍi n taqubbanit (middn lli ur ssin ad aqran wala ad ttaran) : 24,2%
* Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli iɣran ar usinan n usmdi nɣd uggar : 15,4%

### Tadamsa

* Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli llan ɣ isggasn nnsn n twuri : 45%
* Tigmiḍi n tarwuri (middn lli ur ṭṭafn tawuri) : 21,9%
* Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli swurin dar lmxzn (nɣ kantin swurin gis) : 12%
* Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli swurin ɣ uslig (nɣ kantin swurin gis) : 60,7%

## Tisaɣulin


## Ɣayli sis izdin
Askkud

Iga **Askkud** (s tfransist: théorème) yat tulkint s nẓḍaṛ ad tt nssɣẓn s tusnakt; s wawal yaḍn, nẓḍaṛ ad nskn mas tga tidt s twizi n yan ussɣẓn amẓẓul ittuskarn s ussnti s agjdi. Akud nna ittuskan uskkud, da ittgga tidt aynna s akk tra tgt tidt n tsntayt f iṣka acku da ittusnkad s udm n yan ussuɣn: ig iga A amidi ula B ad ig amidi. s ɣmkad, iẓḍaṛ ad ittusmrs i ussɣẓn n wiyyaḍ isumar. Assɣẓn n uskkud iga t uskan n is ur issin ad naf mas iga A amidi d B armidi s yat tikklt.

Ar ittili aha s uskkud:

* Tusrist tasilant, tifadiwin ẓḍaṛnin ad umunt ɣ uskkud nɣ tinna ttuglamnin yad.
* Tamrgalt, tulkint tamusnakt igan tidt s tilawt n tfada tasilant.

Mqqar iga ussɣẓn ccil afad ad nini iga usumr "askkud", ur da ittumu ɣ uskkud ad. Wayyaḍ usnml nna s nẓḍaṛ ad t nfk i innyuc : " yan inaw nna s nufa ad as nskn aɣẓan."

Ar ittamy ussɣẓn:

* Tigjdanin.
* Tusrisin n uskkud.
* Wiyyaḍ iskkudn yad ittusɣẓnn.

Ku tafrka g ussnẓi tettyaɣan s tadda tt izwarn s ilgamn imẓẓuln.

## Talɣiwin yaḍn n tulkinin
S ussiriw, ẓḍaṛn inawn akkʷ ittusisknn ad asin assaɣ "askkud". Maca ɣ twuriwin n tusnakt iẓli ussmrs n yism ad s tulkinin igan timaynutin nɣ gant idsnt mi dar illa wazal imqqurn. Ar ttufkan wassaɣn imyallan i tulkinin timusnakin s tɣuni s twuri nnsnt d wazal nnsnt :

* Tamnzut: tulkint ittggan asmmaẓal amzwaru, ar tettusmras i ussɣẓn n iskkudn ilan uggar n wazal.
* Talkamt : tayafut d ittffɣn s usrid zɣ yan uskkud ittusɣẓnn.
* Tasumrt : tayafut igan tafrart yan imikk aha ur tettyaɣan s kra n uskkud iẓlin.
* Tamawt : tayafut ilan tawuri nɣ tayafut iẓḍaṛn ad d iffɣ zɣ ussnẓi nɣ zɣ yat tulkint yaḍn.
* Turda : asumr amusnak mi ur nssin azal n tidt. Ar ittgga askkud akud nna ittusɣẓn.

Mknna yad nenna, da ittiri uskkud yan usiskn amẓẓul izwarn s tgjda.......

## Tisaɣulin
 
 

* Yura t mas Mohamed Belarhzali ɣ
Ṭaṭa

**Ṭaṭa** (s tifinaɣ: ⵟⴰⵟⴰ, s tɛrabt: طاطا) yat tɣrmt imẓẓyn illan ɣ tsga n Sus-Massa, tg tamaẓunt n tamnaḍt n Ṭaṭa ɣ Lmɣrib. Ar ittini usiḍn lli ittyuskarn ɣ usggʷas n 2004 mas d tiɣrmt ad zdɣn gis kra n 18 611 n imzdaɣn, tugt nnsn gan imaziɣn iclḥiyn isawaln s tclḥiyt.

## Asnmkta
Ar ittini usiḍn lli ittyuskarn ɣ usggʷas n 2014 mas:

### Aslmd

* Tigmiḍi n tqubbanit (middn lli ur ssin ad aqran wala ad ttaran) : 22,5%
* Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣn lli iɣran ar usinan n usmdi nɣd uggar : 24,2%

### Tadamsa

* Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣn lli illan ɣ isggasn nnsn n twuri : 40,2%
* Tigmiḍi n tarwuri (middn lli ur ṭṭafn tawuri) : 18,8%
* Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣn lli iswuruyn dar lmxzn (nɣ tt inn kkan ar gis swuruyn) : 45,5%
* Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣn lli iswuruyn ɣ wuslig (nɣ tt inn kkan ar gis swuruyn) : 22,8%



## Ɣayli sis izdin

## Tisaɣulin
Awluẓ

**Awluẓ** (s tɛrabt: أولوز s tfransist: -{Aoulouz}-) tga yat tmdint tamɣribit iḍfaṛn i tmnaḍt n Tarudant ɣ tsga n Sus-masst.

## Asnmkta
Ar ittini usiḍn lli ittyuskarn ɣ usggʷas n 2014 mas:

### Aslmd

* Tigmiḍi n taqubbanit (middn lli ur ssin ad aqran wala ad ttaran) : 38,2%
* Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli iɣran ar usinan n usmdi nɣd uggar : 9,4%

### Tadamsa

* Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣn lli illan ɣ isggʷasn nnsn n twuri : 40,2%
* Tigmiḍi n tarwuri (middn lli ur iṭṭifn tawuri) : 12,7%
* Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣn lli iswuruyn dar lmxzn (nɣ kkan tt inn swurin gis) : 10,9%
* Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣn da iswuruyn ɣ wuslig (nɣ kkan tt inn swurin gis) : 39,1%

## Tadimugrafit

ImageSize = width:220 height:220
PlotArea = left:70 right:40 top:20 bottom:20
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
Colors =
  id:gray1 value:gray(0.9)
DateFormat = yyyy
Period = from:0 till:6331
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1000 start:0 gridcolor:gray1
PlotData =
  bar:1994 color:gray1 width:1 
   from:0 till:4782 width:15 text:4782 textcolor:red  fontsize:8px
  bar:2004 color:gray1 width:1 
   from:0 till:5756 width:15  text:5756 textcolor:red  fontsize:8px


## Tisaɣulin
 
 


## Ɣayli sis izdin
Talgamt n tuṣkiwin lli akkʷ iɣzzifn ɣ Lmɣrib

Talgamt n **tuṣkiwin lli akkʷ iɣzzifn** ɣ Lmɣrib.
## Tuṣkiwin lli akkʷ iɣzzifn

### Suln ar ttubnan

### Ɣ ugani nɣ uɣzin

## Tisaɣulin
Udin

**Odin** (tanuṛsiyt taqburt: -{Óðinn}-), nttan ad igan akuc n tinẓeẓt, tadyazt, tamttant, tacwwaft d tqddact ɣ ammas n wumiy n Inuṛsiyn. Iwis n -{Borr}- d "-{giantess}-" -{(jötunn) Bestla}-, Odin ad igan amɣar n Æsir d nttan ad igan agllid n Asgard. Itahl takuct Frigg, ig babas n yid wakuc -{Thor, Baldr, Höðr, Víðarr}- d -{Váli}-.

Ittyawssan s **Babas n Akkʷ**, ɣ umata n tikkal, ar ttmunan d Odin yan sin yigaywarn, -{Huginn}- d -{Muninn}-, nttni d wuccann -{Geri}- d -{Freki}-; akuc, da ikccm imnɣi issuda yan wayyis ilan tam yiḍarn, -{Sleipnir}-, yasi dis "-{spear}-" axatar igan s yism -{Gungnir}- lli as-sgaddan "-{dwarves}-"; willi ttyawssanin s Tarwa n -{Ivaldi}-, ar fll-as ttinin mas ur ar jju ittzgal iwttasn-nns.

## Tisaɣulin
Amẓmiz

Tga **Amẓmiz** yat tiɣrmt ɣ Lmɣrib. Tlla ɣ tmnaḍt n Lḥuz ɣ tsga n Mrrakc-Asfi ɣ tmazirt n Lmɣrib, taggug s 55 km f tiɣrmt n Mṛṛakc ɣ iffus.
## Asnmkta
Ar ittini usiḍn lli ittyuskar ɣ usggʷas n 2014 mas:

### Aslmd

* Tigmiḍi n taqubbanit (middn lli ur ssin ad aqran wala ad ttaran) : 29,2%.
* Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli iɣran ar usinan n usmdi nɣd uggar : 15,2%.

### Tadamsa

* Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli llan ɣ isggasn nnsn n twuri : 45,4%.
* Tigmiḍi n tarwuri (middn lli ur ṭṭafn tawuri) : 14,4%.
* Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli swurin dar lmxzn (nɣ kantin swurin gis) : 15,4%.
* Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli swurin ɣ uslig (nɣ kantin swurin gis) : 49%.

## Ɣaylli sis izdin

## Tisaɣulin
Tutlayin Tijanatin

**Tutlayin Tijanatin** nɣ **Tutlayin Tiznatin** gant yan tṣṭṭat zɣ twja n tutlayin timaziɣin n ugafa ɣ tfriqt n ugafa. Tettyusmma trabbut-a dffir n umqqun amuẓun n tqbilin mi ism "*-{Zenata}-*". Amsnils afṛansis -{Edmond Destaing}- ad izwarn ad asnt ifk ism a. Tutlayin a nnzwant f ifrrugn ɣ Tmazɣa tanammast, agafa anẓulan n Lmɣrib ar ataram n Ddzayr (tamdint), tanzruft tagafayt, zg unẓul utrim Adzayri dar Baccar ar Zuwara ɣ Libya.

## Tutlayin
### -{Kuṣman (2013)}-
Dar -{R|Kossmann}- (2013:21-24), taṣṭṭat tajanat gis timzarayin ad:
* Tarifiyt (Ism adɣran: Tmaziɣt, agafa n lmɣrib); tkcm gis tntala n Azrw g Dzayr tutrimt
* Ayt Iznassn (Agafa agmuḍan n lmɣrib)
* Aṭlas anammas agmuḍan: Ayt Ssɣruccn d kra n tnlayin yaḍn tkcm gisn Ayt Warayn.
* Ataram adzayri
* Tacawit
* Mẓab-Wrgln
* Tatunsiyt-Talibiyt n unẓul agmuḍan

## Tisaɣulin
-{

}-
Ludufiku Firrari

**Ludufiku di Firrari** (s Tṭalyanit: *Lodovico de Ferrari*) (2 brayṛ 1522 – 5 ktubeṛ 1565) ikka t inn iga yan umusnak awṭalyan.

## Tudrt nns
Ilul-d g Bulunya, issnta "carrière" nns zun d umawas dar Jirulanu Kardanu. Tuman dar Ludovico yat tḥṛci icwan kigan, ayann af iɣts Kardano ad as isslmd tusnakt. Ittawssan s ufrru nns i tagda "kwartik", nna ifsr Kardano ɣ warra nns Ars Magna. Ɣ tɛurrma nns, iɣiy ad yamẓ yat tsɣnt n usslmd ilan atig ɣ Ṛuma, ḍart mad yumẓ gis Cardano tanaft nns ismmtr as tt. Iskkus Firrari ɣ twuri nns lliɣ ilkm 42 usggʷas, isul ukan imẓẓi akud nna, yili s wayda nns. Yuḍa s tɣrmt nns n Bulunya, izdɣ d ultmas Maddalena nna igan yat tdgalt, iqbl yat tsɣnt n usslmd n tusnakt ɣ tɣiwant n Bulunya asggʷas 1565, maca ḍart uynna s yan imikk, immut s ustci n uzrnix umlil (white arsenic), f uynna ittini umata; ultmas ad d ikka lḥal.

## Tanfalit Cardano-Tartaglia
Asggʷas n 1535, ibbaqqi gr Firrari d yan ggu uzmz nns nna igan s yism Nikkolo Fontana Tartaglia yan umcubbk ittwassnen, ɣ mad iqqnen s usfru n tagdiwin "kubik". Tullisin nna, n wis izzri Tartaglia akkʷ aynna as iɣaman ɣ wussan nns; da ittarm ad gis ixlu tisllit n umɣar nns amzwar d uslmad n Firrari akud ann, irwas uggar is d ɣar ibaḍan ad gant. Imussnawn n umzruy n yimusnakn ɣassa, da ttraran ajmil n usfru n tagdiwin ad i Kardano d Tartaglia s sin idsn, da as ttggan s yism "tanfalit Cardano–Tartaglia" (Cardano-Tartaglia formula).

## Tisaɣulin


## Ɣr uggar
* Jayawardene, S. A. (1970–1980). "Ferrari, Lodovico". *[[:en:Dictionary of Scientific Biography|Dictionary of Scientific Biography]]*. **4**. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 586–8.  ISBN 978-0-684-10114-9.

## Ɣaylli sis izdin
Asqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa

**Asqqim** nɣ **Asqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa** (**SNM**) (s tfransit: le Haut Commissariat à l'Amazighité) iga timrslt takadimyt tamaddudt nna iswuruyn ɣ yigr n tussna tamaziɣt ɣ uwank n Dzayr; ittuskar ass n 27 mayyu 1995. Iga timrslt tamaddudt tamzwarut yusin anzgum n tmaziɣt. Twala i uslway n Dzayr nna tt isskrn dffir asalag n uqrab (s tfransist: la grève du cartable), nna gan inlmadn iqbayliyn. Aslway nns amzwaru d Muḥḥnd u Yidir Ayt Ɛmṛan zɣ 1995 ar 2004. Ɣilad illa fllas Yusf Miraḥi.

Illa ɣ tmaẓunt n Dzayr. Tawuri nns iga tt ussidr n tutlayt, tamagit, d tɣrma tamaziɣt. Ntta ad iḍffrn asslmd n tutlayt tamaziɣt ɣ Dzayr. Da issufuɣ ula kra n idlisn f tmaziɣt d idls amaziɣ s umata.

## Tisaɣulin
 
 

* Azday amaddud **[https://web.archive.org/web/20101120132416/http://hcamazighite.org/ Asqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa]**
Salm Cakir

**Salm Cakir** (ilul ɣ 1950 ɣ Nivir) iga amsnils adzayri, ig amẓlay ɣ tsnilst tamaziɣt (tasddast, azgrkud, tamntlayt), ittyussan is iga "anbdad" n tsnilst tamaziɣt tatrart.

## Taridirt
Ilul Salm Cakir ɣ 1950 ɣ Nivir, Fṛansa. da tturruyn iẓuṛan n ayt dars s Ayt Iratn ɣ Tmazirt n Lqbayl. Iɣra g tsdawit n Prufunṣ, iɣr ilmma ɣ tsdawit Baris Dikart lli g yumẓ taḍukṭuṛat n imir wis kraḍ ɣ 1973 d tḍukṭuṛat n uwank g 1978.   

Cakir isswuri ɣ usinag amaḍlan n tutlayin d tɣrmiwin tugmiḍin (INALCO) ɣ Bariz zɣ asggʷas 1989

## Tisaɣulin
Ifrdisn n Uklid

**Ifrdisn** (s tgrikit tazaykut: Στοιχεία / ṣṭuyxiya) gan yan uzraw amusnak d unzggan, yumyn 13 n udlis ittusnmalan f isntal, ahat (ɛniɣ is d) amusnak agriki uklidis ad tn yaran ɣ wattayn n 300 dat n ɛ. yumy yat tgrumma n isnmal, igjda, iskkudn d isɣẓann nnsn, ig usntl nnsn tanzggit tuklidt d tẓṛi n imḍann imnza.

Ifrdisn ad igan amdya ittwassn akkʷ iqbrn n yan uzraw agjdan d ungraw i tnzggit ig yiḍiṣ nns f ubuɣlu n tmẓla d tussna tutrimt adslan. Nẓḍaṛ ad nini mas iga ammud issn amurs akkʷ ixatrn ɣ umzruy : gan ifrdisn yan zɣ idlisn izwarn s uẓṛag (Venise, 1482) ur t yugir ɣar linjil ɣ wuṭṭun n tẓṛigin ittufsarn (uggar n 1000). Tasutin ayad, iga zɣ tɣarasin tisdawanin ganin tinawayin.

Tettuga i udlis amzwaru n ifrdisn n uklid tsuɣlt s tutlayt tamaziɣt tanawayt s yigi n uslmad n tusnakt Muḥmmad Blɣazali (Mohamed Belarhzali).

## Imnzay
Tska tbridt n uklid tiwuriwin nns f isnmal, "tuttriwin" (tindagin), "iwngimn umyirn" (igjda) d isumar (imukrisn ttufsaynin, ganin 470 ɣ uɣrud ɣ idlisn s 13). s umdya, yumy udlis 1 35 n isnmal (tiqiffit, azririg, tajumma, atg.) smmus n iwngimn issarn.

Tindagin n udlis 1 :

# Yan ugzzum zɣ umaɣud iẓḍaṛ ad ittusunɣ s uzday n snat tqiffa aynna s rant gnt tt.
# Yan ugzzum zɣ umaɣud iẓḍaṛ ad ittusɣzif s war timdi ɣ yan uzririg iɣdn.
# Iɣ ittufka yan ugzzum n yan umaɣud aynna s ira ig t, ad niɣiy ad nssunɣ yat tẓayṛt ng as agzzum ad d aẓnẓaṛ (aqqar) ng as yat zɣ tlisa d ammas.
# Aksulnt akkʷ tɣmrin timaɣudin.
# Iɣ ibby yan umaɣud sin imaɣudn yaḍn skrn snat tɣmrin tignsanin illan f yat tsga mẓẓiynt f snat tɣmrin timaɣudin, hat qad myabayn imaɣudn ad ɣ tsga ad.

Iwngimn issarn n udlis 1 :

# Da ttmmgdunt snat tɣawsiwin gdanin akkʷ yat tɣawsa yaḍn.
# Iɣ nrna sin id wanck mmgdanin i sin id wanck mmgdanin awd nitni, rad aɣ nn fkn sin id wanck immgdan ɣ tmrniwt.
# Iɣ nkks sin id wanck mmgdanin i sin id wanck mmgdanin awd nitni, rad aɣ nn fkn sin id wanck immgdan ɣ umzaray.
# Id wanck imsasan grasn, da ttmgdan.

## Tisaɣulin


* Zɣ aylli ittyuran ɣ
Tamsskʷtit n Gwatanamu

Tga **Tamsskʷtit n Gwatanamu** yat tmsskʷtit n umara nns Muḥammadu Uld Slaḥi, tffɣ d ɣ usggʷas n 2015. Ittyamaẓ Muḥammadu Uld Slaḥi dar Iwunak Munnin kraḍ d mraw usggʷas, s war tardayt. Ikka t inn iga Slaḥi yan ɣ middn drusnin ittyamaẓn ɣ Bu iggurdan n Gwatanamu nna d ɛtarfn imasayn imirikaniyn mas tɛddan fllas.

## Amzruy
Yura Muḥammadu Uld Slaḥi adlis ad ɣ 2005 s yat tnglizt lli ilmd ɣ Gwatanamu. Ku tasna ɣ udlis ad zrin fllas s uslgamu aɛṣkri nna d ikksn 2,500 tiwinas d uggar qbl ad rarn warra i ibugaḍutn n Slaḥi sa usggʷas dffir mayad. issufɣ d umẓṛag -{Larry Siems}- warratn ad ittyuran s ufus lli d umẓn dar ibugaḍutn n Slaḥi. Tettuzznza tamsskʷtit lliɣ isul Slaḥi ɣ gr kkuẓ iɣʷrban s war tardayt.

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## Tisaɣulin
Frunṣwa Hulunḍ

**Fṛunṣwa Holland** (s tfransist: François Hollande) ilul ɣ 1954 ɣ iɣrm n Ɣwan) iga yan usrtan afṛansis, ikka tt inn iga yadlli amzwar n tmazirt n Fṛanṣa sɣ 15 may 2012 ar 14 may 2017.  ikka tt inn iga anflus amzwaru n ukabaṛ asrmun sɣ 1997 ar 2008. Ig amnniẓḍ n usɣim n tgrawt taɣrmant n Tull (Tulle) sɣ 2008 ar 2012. 

## Tisaɣulin
Cipiyuni dil Firru

**Cipiyuni dil Firru** (s taṭalyanit: **Scipione del Ferro**; 6 brayṛ 1465 - 5 nuwambir 1526), ikka t inn iga yan umusnak awṭalyan, d umusnak akkʷ izwurn s tɣarast nna s da ifrru yan tagda "cubic".

## Tudert nns
Ilul d Cipiyuni dil Firru ɣ Bulunya, agafa n Ṭṭalyan, iga iwis n Fluryano d Filippa Firru. Babas Fluryano, iswuri yad ɣ tmguri n walkaɣiṭ, igr amguran nna mi tetturri tilit nns s usnulfu n tsiggzt ɣ tmrawant n id 1450, aylli yujjan Cipiyuni ad yili asadf s mnnawt twuriwin zɣ mad imẓẓi. Itahl yat tmɣart yaru dis yat tfruxt nna mi iga s yism Filippa, f immas nttat.

Irwas is d taɣiwant n Bulunya ad d ikka, mani ɣ ittyasay zun d yan iggarn tiɣuriwin ɣ Askriɣmr d "Geometry" asggʷas n1496. Isggʷasn nns imggura, izzri tn da iswuri ɣ yigr n umsɣsnzi.

## Azuzzr n twuri nns
Mqqar d yan warra zɣ dar dil Firru ur injjim. Da tetturruy tamntilt ad s umata nns s tagʷit nns i umsawaḍ f twuriwin nns. Ɣ udɣar n ad d ifsr tiwngimin nns, da tnt immal ɣar i yat tufrint imẓẓin ɣ yimddukkal d yinlmadn nns.

Tlla turda n mas d ikka maya tamyurt illan dar yimusnakn n tizi ann ɣ t nn kkan da ttggan "challenges" gratsn mnid n umata. Kudnna idgga yan umusnak s "challenge" n wayya, da ittili f ku yan gisn ad ifru tamukrist n wayyaḍ. Ɣ kigan n tikkal, da isiggil "Perdant" n "challenge" ɣ usidrm (financement) nɣ d ansa nns ammas n tɣiwant. Ikka t nn Dil Firru da ittiksaḍ ad "être challenge" d irwas is d ɣmkann af yujja twuri nns akkʷ ixatrn tga tuffirt afad ad sis istn ixf nns kudnna nn yufa agayyu nns ɣ tuẓẓumt n kra n "challenge".

## Tabiblyugrafit
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## Tisaɣulin
Fazyu Kardanu

**Fazyu Kardanu** nɣ **Fazio Cardano** (1444 - 28 ɣuct 1524), ikka t inn iga yan umsntam, amusnak, d yan unlmad n "perspective". Ikka t inn iga ula yan uslmad ɣ tɣiwant n Pavya, d yan umdan ittnaln taẓrhrmisit (hermétisme) d "occultisme". Ikka t inn iga ula yan umddakkl iɛzzan dar Lyunardu da Vinci.

Ittwassn Kardano s mas t inn ikka da ittamẓ amsawal ɣar ntta d yixf nns, aydda yujjan tugt n mddn ad fllas ssufuɣn itsnt tfattalin d wumiyn, ɣ ttinin mas t inn ikka iɣy ad imsawaḍ d itsnt yiman/larwaḥ zɣ yimaḍaln yaḍnin.

Iga Fazyu Kardano babas n Gerolamo Cardano.

## Tisaɣulin


## Izdayn n brra
* Storia di Milano, Cronologia di Gerolamo Cardano (Italian)