Sidi Ḥmad u Musa

**Aḥmad U Musa** nɣ **Sidi Aḥmad U Musa** (1460 - 1563) ikka tt inn iga yan umrabḍ, agʷrram amuslm d urgaz n usgd ɣ Tẓṛwalt ɣ tmazirt n Sus ɣ Lmɣrib.

Iga **Ḥmad U Musa** yan zɣ ixatarn n mutaṣawifin ɣ Lmɣrib ɣ uzmz nns ɣ tasut tis 16. Iṭṭaf tazdayt ifulkin d igllidn Isaɛdiyn, agʷrram ad ittyussan ig yan urgaz ilan bahra atig ɣ umzruy, tettussan lqiṣt nns ɣ kraygat mani ɣ tmazirt n Sus. Ittussan Ḥmad U-Musa ɣ warratn iɛrabn iqburn ddu yism n ***Aḥmad Bn Muha Al-Jazuli As-Smlali.*** 

Ism ad n Al-Jazuli (lli igan *Aguzul* nɣ *Aguzul* s tclḥit) ar aɣ immal mas iga zɣ Iguzuln, tmazirt n Igizuln tga tt tqriban adɣar lli ɣ llan idrarn n waṭlas mẓẓiyn n utaram kullutn. Imzdaɣ n idɣarn ad gantn: Idaw Smlal, Idaw Baɛqil d Id gg Arsmuk. Tqbilin ad s kraḍt munnt kullu ddu umqqun n Idaw Ultit. Iqqan d ula ad issnm mas Iguzuln (*Jazula* ɣ warratn iɛrabn) iga ula tamazirt n yan mutaṣawif imqqurn n tasut tis 15, ad t igan Muḥmmad U-Sliman Aguzul lli igan amara n *Dalil Al-Xayrat.* Ig yan zɣ sa irgazn n Mrrakc (ma mi nttini s tɛrabt: Sabɛatu rijal).

## Tudrt nns

Ilul d Aḥmad U Musa Aguzul Asmlal ɣ tuẓẓumt n tasut tis-smust d mraw ɣ usggwas n 1460 ɣ Ayt Mrwan lli igan yan lmuḍɛ ɣ Ida U-Smlal ɣ ammas n idrarn n tsga tutrimt waṭlas mẓẓiyn ɣ tmazirt n Sus. Babas iga s yism Musa U-Dris, d mas Lala Tawnnut, mayad ad t ijjan ad ig yan zɣ wayyawn n Muḥammad Ljazuli. Immut ɣ 1553. Zɣ mad ttinin middn izaykutn ɣ Sus, iqburn n Aḥmad U Musa irwas is d uckan zɣ Tmdult n Waqqa, yat tiɣrmt tettyubna zikk ɣ tasut tis 9 ɣ udrar n *Bani* anammas tama n Aqqa. Tamdult lli ibdr Al-Bakri tkka tt inn tga yat tiɣrmt ɣ tnzruft istawhman iṭṭafn yan umzruy bahra imqqurn, ɣilad tiɣrmt ad txwa kullu tga kullu ixrban. 

Ɣ timẓi nns, yaggug nn Aḥmad U Musa f ayt dars, iffaɣ tmazirt nns fad ad iftu ad imuddu. Iɣ d nucka ad nẓr arratn iqburn n Sus n Lḥudaygi, nnan gis mas idda s Mrrakc fad ad iɣr uggar f Lislam izri gis zzaf n luqt qbl ad imuddu s ugmuḍ ɣ nn kigan isggwasn dɣ ntta, yurri d s tmazirt n Sus ɣ 1521.

Qbl ad ig agʷrram, Ikka tt in iga Aḥmad U Musa yan unmaddu bahra imqqurn zun d tuggt n iɛrrimn n waṭlas mẓẓiyn ɣ uzmz nns. Ɣ twrglat tamiwant n Sus, ar nttals mas iḍalb Ḥmad U-Musa imzdaɣn n tmazirt nns ad muddun ad ilin ɣ kraygat udɣar ɣ umaḍal, inna asn: «* ffuɣat tamazirt, kcmat timizar yaḍnin, ftuyat, ad kʷn issgut rbbi zun d amud, yan waqqa ar-d iffal mnnaw* ». Tawrglat ad n umuddu tla sul ar ɣilad ɣ tmizar n Sus, d timntal gant mnnawt: tadmsant (asiggl f twuri), tiɣri, d lbɛḍ n twal ɣar i tayri n umuddu.

Ɣ usggwas n 1521 yurri d s yan udwwar imẓẓiyn ɣ Sus qbl ad istaqr ɣ Taẓrwalt, yan uzaɣar ɣ waṭlas mẓẓiyn, ɣ ugmuḍ n tamdint n Tiznit, tlla yat tmdyazt isawaln f ustay nns n Taẓrwalt ar ttini : « *Ljnt, iɣ tlla ɣ iggi n wakal, Taẓrwalt ad igan amnid nns, iɣ tlla ɣ ddu wakal, Taẓerwalt ad igan amnid nns* ». Iskr gis ssulala d tɣmrt tamuslmt ayann ad d yiwin kigan n middn ad dars tddan. Ikka tt inn Aḥmad ɣ wakud ann iṭṭaf tazdayt ifulkin d Isaɛdiyn.

Lliɣ d immut ɣ 1563, bnan as yan ḍariḥ ɣ ammas n zzawiya n udwar n Sidi Aḥmad U Musa lli fllas gan yism.

## Tawrglat tamiwant
Tawrglat tamiwant taclḥiyt, slawan akkʷ dar ṛṛways d trubba nna ɣ tt inn ikka iga Aḥmad U Musa agʷrram fln kra n tmitar n tayri n umuddu d mnmk a s isnfl mayad tudrt n isusiyn. Tlla akkʷ yat tmdyazt ittyussann ɣ Sus isawaln f Ḥmad U Musa dat ad ig agrram:

* *A bismillah urraḥman ad km d awiɣ,*
* *A taqqsiḍt n yan urgaz mas ikka ddunit,*
* *Sidi Ḥmad U Musa ur ikki zzawit,* 
* *Ula timzgid, rrbaɛt ka ad d itmun,*
* *Ur igi abla ahyyaḍ, rrbaɛt ka ad d itmun,*
* *Inna ɣ tlla tmɣra yasi allun,*
* *Inna ɣ tlla tarragt yasi aburi,*
* *Inna ɣ insa, inna ɣ ikla, inna ɣ iruḥ.*

Asrraru n tmdyazt ad tettussan ddu yism n *Taqqsiḍt n Sidi Ḥmad U-Musa.* Ar tsawal f lqist n urgaz ad d mamnk as iga agrram.

* *Ɣass-lli iɣ ira rbbi ad tn issrbḥ* 
* *Ssmdin as lullit mqqurn d wakkaz nnsn* 
* *Ha nit fllas willi d imun :* 
* *« A tarwa lḥurma nnun, alli nn aryal ar tamggrḍt ann»* 
* *Sawwln akk s lkibr, ur iri yan* 
* *Ad yasi aryal ula ad tn slin ibrdan nnsn.* 
* *Ḥmad U Musa, inna “yyih”* 
* *Talli tyaqqan s rbbi nns aɣ ccrjunt,*
* *Inna bismillah, igr s tllunt zzɣ ufus,* 
* *Ils acddad i yxf aylliɣ d usin* 
* *Itrmas amṭṭa n iquzarn tudmt nns,* 
* *Ha aryal lli iɣli ar tamggrḍt ann,* 
* *Tnna y-as “a ywi, ha nn rrbḥ iḍmn ak”* 
* *Igr ṭitt nns s uflla, isfaw akk ignwan*

Ɣ tmdyazin n inaẓurn rrways, ar nttafa mas gan i ugrram Aḥmad U Musa kigan n ismawn ar aɣ mmaln mas tt inn ikka yan urgaz iṭṭafn taẓḍuṛt, gan as *Amɣar, Izm ...* Tuggt n tmdyazin ad ar taddan s tiɣri i ugrram ar as tḍalabn tiwisi.

# *A Sidi Ḥmad U Musa, amɣar n Igizuln.* *Ad ak nɣr ad yyi tawst …* 
# *Ɣriɣ ak a Sidi Ḥmad U Musa, izm n Tẓrwalt ...*
Tiɣri i ugrram ad Sidi Aḥmad U Musa tlla ɣ kigan n tmdyazin d wallasn n Sus. Zund s umdya *Ttlɣnja* nɣ *Blɣja,* nna d ttirirn tmɣarin fad ayḍr unẓar.

* *Bismillah urraḥmani* 
* *Ayt ugadir sslam ɛlikum* 
* *Sidi Hmad U Musa gid aḍar zwir aɣ*

Ula inḍḍamn ar sis tnḍḍamn ad asn ifk lbaraka nns, s umdya darnɣ warra n Abdlqadr Bn Muḥammad Aṣṣwiri ɣ tasut tis 14 hijrya (att igan gr 1882 d 1987):

Imdyatn ad ar aɣ mmaln masd middn n Sus ar bahra ttuqqarn argaz ad, d mas ila atig imqqurn.

## Atig d unmuggar
Tudrt n ugrram Aḥmad U Musa tzdi bahra d twrglat tamiwant taclḥiyt, tlla ula ɣ kigan n warratn uttyuran ɣ Sus, ar aɣ mmalan mas ur jju d nttan ad iswingmn ad dars yili aẓḍaṛ akudan. Mqqar iḍiṣ  nns iggutn ɣ ammas n middn n tmazirt. Yagʷi bdda ad iskr anmala agʷrraman d ad iṭṭf inḍfaṛ. Kudnna tt isqsa kra n yan max ur iri ad iskr zzawit, ar as ittrar Aḥmad U Musa s: « *Ɣ ddunit ad ur sar yufa yan ad ikk ttmi i ccahawat* ». Ilɛb ugrram Aḥmad U Musa yan ḍḍawr bahra istawhman ɣ ujuy n ufra ngr tqbilin ɣ tizi n umnzaɣ. Dars taẓḍaṛt bac ad fllasn isbzziz ad tt ḥtarmn d ad slidn i wawal nns skrn mad asn ittini. Ikka tt inn iga axatar d iga bdda amssuruf d middn. Ɣ mayad nit,  ar ittini ugrran: « *Ur nsmiɣ i yan d ur ikkin agʷḍi, macc ad ur inn gis iskkis* » . S tɣarast yaḍni, argaz iɛdn iga tt walli yad imḍa i kra n ibkkaḍn.

Ɣassad, amḍl n Sidi Ḥmad U-Musa ɣ taẓrwalt iṭṭaf sul atig nns, d iga yan udɣar nna s tddan middn fad ad awin lbaraka, iga yan ḍariḥ bahra istawhman ɣ iffus n Lmɣrib, kraygat usggwas ɣ  tgira n wayyur n ɣuct, ar gis ittili yan unmuggar iga s yism *Almuggar n Tẓrwalt*  nɣ *Almuggar n Sidi Ḥmad U Musa.* Ar sis tackan middn zɣ tsgiwin n Lmɣrib kullutn, ar akk gis ttilin lbɛḍ n twal ibrraniyn. d mayan ar isnuccug tadamsa n lminṭaqa. Ar gis skarn tiɣrsi d uskan i umḍl bac ad awin lbaraka. Ar nttini ula i unmuggar ad *Lḥijj Lmskin.* Ɣ yat tmdyazt ur ittyussan, ar nttafa iwaliwn ar sfalkayn Idaw Ultit acku ṭṭafn adɣar ad iɣudan:

* *Tjja awn a Idaw Ultit!* 
* *Darun yan lḥijj ifulkin irxa srs uɣaras* 
* *Ad t igan d izm Sidi Ḥmad U Musa.*

Lliɣ d immt ugrram Sidi Aḥmad U Musa, yan z wayyaw nns, iga s yism Bu Ḥssun, iskr yat zzawiya imqqurn ɣ Iliɣ, yan udɣar ur bahra yaggugn f Tẓrwalt. Tuggt n isggwasn as tn ikka iffus n Lmɣrib ddu ifassn n zzawit ad. Aylliɣ iɣama ittyucam ɣ umzruy n Lmɣrib. Ar asggwas n 1882, ɛad ad itmkn ugllid Ḥasan wis-sin ad yamẓ zzawit ad.

## Tisaɣulin

* Sidi Ahmed Ou-Moussa yura tt Abdallah Elmountassir - PDF
*Document à propos de la vie de Brahim U-Muḥmmad Aknku (extrême ouest de l'Anti-Atlas, XIXe siècle), [Archives privées Abdallah El Mountassir]

### Tinidlisn

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