open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Tutlayt Tafransist

Tga **Tfransist** yat tutlayt bahra ittussann ɣ umaḍal, yigut wuṭṭan n wid da sis isawaln, dars gr 280 ar 300 id mlyun n umssiwl, gisn 77 id mlyun nna mi tga tutlayt taymmat. 

Tga tutlayt ad yat zɣ tutlayin tiṛumiyin lli d inkrn ɣ Urupa ɣ tmazirt n Fransa.

Taɣul tafransist tutlayt tamaddudt n tmazirt n Fransa ɣ usggʷas n 1539.

## Asala nns
Amata n umawal afransis ikka d talatint (acku talatint ad igan asala nns). Ilin mennaw irmawn darsn anggu nna didsn icrkn azɣur, yan gisn ibadl d uzmz zɣ tlatint n uɣrf, d yat d ikkan nican talatint iseklasikin : *métier/ministère, froid/frigide, frêle/fragile, poison/potion,* maca sin ad ur lin yan unamk.

## Amzruy
Tafransit tga yat tutlayt tahind-uruppyant, n tawja Gallo-Romance (s tanglizit) n tutlayin tirumiyin. Ɣ uzmz n iṛumiyn (tagldit n Ṛuma), middn n tsga n lɣall ɣ limbraturya n Ṛuma bdan ar sawln s talatint. S mk ad tbda talatint n tasga ad ar tettuybddal. Imikk s imikk, tumẓ talatint adɣar n tutlayt n lɣal.

S ɣikad ika dar fransa sin tawjiwin n tutlayin, tutlayin n Oc d tutlayin n Oyl. Tafransit n ɣass-ad tga yat tutlayt n Oyl, tafransit n Baris.

## Tisaɣulin
Tutlayt Tagwancit

**Tutlayt tagwancit** tga yat tulayt inɣuban lli tt inn ikkan ar sis sawaln igwanciyn ɣ tgzirin tikanariyin ar tasuta tiss 16 nɣ 17. Tmmut tutlayt ad dffir n walik n tgzirin tikanariyin. Tettyussan tutlayt tagwancit s wammak n twinas d tguriwin lli zmmimn ijyugrafn imzwura, d ismawn n idɣarn d kra n tguriwin nna tumẓ tṣbnyult n tgzirin tikanariyin.

## Uṭṭunn
Zmmimn mnnaw n isugam uṭṭunn n tutlayt tagwancit, macc ur bahra mmuckan grasn (Barrios 1997). Kra zgisn iẓḍaṛ ad gis ilin iznnzritn ijṛan ɣ ussnɣl.
-{

}-

-{}-

## Tisaɣulin
Tutlayt Tajapunit

**Tajapunit** (日本語 *nihongo,* (ssfld as)) tga yat tutlayt tasyanit n lqblt. Ar sis sawaln 125 n umlyun n middn, ɣ Japun zwar, tamazirt nna ɣ tga tutlayt tanamurt. Tkcm ɣ twja n tutlayin tijapuniyin-tiryukiyin, d ur nssin mad tucka i tutlayin ann yaḍn. Illa mad isman tutlayin tijapuniyin d tutlayt n Aynu, niɣd tutlayt takuriyt, niɣd tutlayt talṭayit, macc ḥtta yat ɣ tannayin ad ur ttawqbal ɣ dar imusnawn.

Tajapunit ur d tucki ɣ tutlayt tacinwit, waxxa ar ttyara s iskkiln nns. Yan ugḍam mqqurn n umawal ajapuni yucka d ɣ tcinwit. Ar ttyara ula s iskkiln yaḍnin ur gin icinwiyn: ism nnsn Hiragana d Katakana.

## Amzruy

Aylli ittussan f tjapunit n uzmz aqbur idrus acku ur ta tkcim tirra s Japun zɣ Cinwa. 

Tajapunit taqburt nttat ad igan tikli akk iqburn ittussann n tutlayt ad. Azuzzr n ddin n tbudit nttan ad yiwin angraw n tirra acinwi s Japun. Iḍṛiṣn akk iqburn ɣ Japun ttyuran s tcinwit taklasikit, maca iẓḍaṛ ad ttuɣrn s tjapunit s tɣarast n kanbun. Kra n iḍṛiṣn ad gisn laṭṛ n tjṛṛumt tajapunit, zund anmala n tguriwin (amyag dat n uskkin). 

Tajapunit n tuẓẓumt (1185-1573) tbḍa f sin: tin uzmz n Kamakura, d tin uzmz n Murumaci. Azmz n Kamakura (1185-1333) ittussan s samuray d tafyudalit. Azmz ad badln gis imslitn: /au/ infl s /ɔː/, d imsli /p/ ikcm zɣ Cinwa.  

## [[Tirra n japun|Tirra]]

### Amzruy
Tirra tkcm s Japun s talɣa n ungraw n tirra acinwi, zɣ tmazirt n Bakji dat n tasut tiss 5. Lliɣ txla Bakji tɣra Japun i imusnawn n Cinwa bac ad lmdn uggar f ungraw n tirra acinwi. Imusnawn ad zzuzzrn iskkiln icinwiyn ɣ Japun zɣ tasur tiss 7 ar tasut tiss 8.

Ar tssmras tutlayt tajapunit sin ingrawn n tirra:
* Ikanjitn
* Ikanatn (gis Hiragana d Katakana)

Iẓḍar yan ad isnfl ikanatn s kra n tmatarin mẓẓinin bac ad fkn imslitn yaḍnin. Llant snat tmatarin: *dakutin* (゛) d *handakutin* (゜). S umdya:

#### Dakutin
* か + *dakutin* = が *ga*
* さ *sa* → ざ *za*
* た *ta* → だ *da*
* は *ha* → ば *ba*

#### Handakutin
*は *ha* + *handakutin* = ぱ *pa*.

### Kana (s hiragana d katakana)

## Amawal
llan kraḍ iɣbula mqqurnin n umawal ɣ tutlayt tajapunit, *yamaṭu kuṭuba* (大和言葉) nɣ d *wagu* (和語), *kangu* (漢語), d *gayraygu* (外来語).

Asidf n umawal nna d yuckan ɣ tutlayin n Urupa, *gayraygu*, ibda d urṭṭal zɣ tabṛṭqqizt ɣ tasut tiss 16. Dffir, ibda uṛṭṭal zɣ thulanḍiyt (ar as ttinin s tjapunit: *rangaku*, 蘭学) ɣ uzmz n Iḍo. Lliɣ tnnurẓm Japun ɣ uzmz n Miji ɣ tasut tiss 19 ibda uṛṭṭal zɣ tutlayin ad: talimant, tafṛansist d tanglizt. Ɣilad tutlayt tanglizt ad igan aɣbalu izwarn nna yakkan tiguriwin i tutlayt tajapunit.

## Tinml
Tisdawiyin timqranin ɣ umaḍal as ssaqrant tutlayt tajapunit. Ula kra n tinmal n imẓyanen ar ssaqrant tutlayt ad. Ɣayad ibadl bahra f uzmz dat n uqryan amaḍlan wiss sin, lliɣ ɣar 65 n umirikni issn i ad yara d ad yaqqra d ad irms tutlayt ad.

## Tisaɣulin


## Ẓṛ uggar
* Iskkiln icinwiyn
Tutlayt Talatint

Tutlayt **Talatint** nɣ **Taṛumit** (s tfransist : *Latin* d s tlatint : *Latina*) tga yat tutlayt taqburt nna immutn. Tkkatinn tutlayt ad yat tutlayt bahra imqqurn nna iṭṭafn kigan n imsawaln. Mac mqqar tga tutlayt tunṣibt n Vatikan d art sul aqqran tazzanin ɣ tinmal n tmizar n Urupa han ɣila idrus mad sis isawaln d tujja nn adɣar i tantaliwin nns ad gin tutlayin zund:
* tutlayt tabṛṭqqizt
* tutlayt taṣbnyulit
* tutlayt takatalanit (*català*)
* tutlayt tafransist
* tutlayt taṭalyanit
* tutlayt tarumanit (*română*)
* ...



## Tisaɣulin
Tutlayt Talimant

Tga **Talimant** (s talimant: *Deutsch*) yat tutlayt ittuysawaln ɣ wammas n urubba. tga talimant tutlayt tamaddudt ɣ Waliman, tg yat zɣ tutlayin timaddudin ɣ Ustrayk; Swisra; Anẓul n tirul (tasga ɣ iṭalya); tagrawt tamslalimant n Bljika, Luksmburg, d Liktnctayn. Ar sis sawaln kra n 100 n umlyun n ufgan. 

Tga tlimant zg twja n tutlayin tijṛimaniyin tutrimin zun d Tinglizt d Thulandit. Kigan zɣ umawal nns ila tazdayt d tnglizt, maccan tajṛṛumt nns tmmkrs uggar.

## Amzruy

## Tantaliwin

## Amawal

## Funulugi

### Iɣritn
ɣ tlimant, iɣritn (kks isnɣritn) ẓdarn ad gin ugziln nɣ d uɣzifn:

ẓḍarn daɣ iɣritn n tlimant ad fkin idyagrafn (ɣ tirra) d isnɣritn (ɣ ususru):

## Tisaɣulin
Tutlayt Tamahaq

**Tamahaq** nɣ **Tamahaɣt** (Tinglizt: Tahaggart Tamahaq, Tamahaq Tahaggart) s waḍu nns ad igan tutlayt tatwargit tagafayt ittyusawaln ɣ Dzayr, Ataram n Libya d ugafa n Nnijer. Mmzrint s imikk f tutlayin titwargiyin n ugmuḍ n idrarn Ayr, Azawaɣ d Adaɣ. Inuḥyuten ɣ umata gan win tsnmslit, zun d *Tamahaq* ɣ yida n *Tamajaq* nɣ *Tamceq.*

## Timzarayin
Llant kraḍt tmazarayin mqqurnin n Tamahaɣt:

* *Tahaggart*, ar tt sawaln ayt umqqun n Kel Ahaggar ɣ idrarn n uhaggar illan ɣ ugmuḍ n Dzayr.
* *Ajjer*, ar sis sawaln ayt umqqun n Kel ajjer.
* *Ɣat*, ar tettusawal ɣ wattayn n Djant ɣ usammr n Dzayer d Ɣat ɣ Libya.

## Tisaɣulin
-{}-
Tutlayt Tamaziɣt n Ayt Iznassn

**Tamaziɣt n Iznassn** (ⵉⵣⵏⴰⵙⵙⵏ) nɣ d **Tamaziɣt Taznasst** (ⵜⴰⵣⵏⴰⵙⵙⵜ) tga yat tntala tamaziɣt zɣ tutlayin tizanatin. Ar tettusawal ɣ ttmi n ugafa agmuḍan n Lmɣrib, ɣ wakal n Iznasn (ɣ tsga n Brkan) gr tutlayin n Arrif d tutlayin timaziɣin n unẓul n Dzayr. Ayt tgrbazt ad ar aqqran i yan zgi-sn s ism « Aznassi » nɣ « Aznassni ».
## Aẓuṛ n yism
Mzarayn tugt n iminagn ɣ waẓuṛ n yism ad n *"Iznassn"* mac ar ittini uminag Ɛabdllah Lḥsayni ɣ udlis nns *"-{Banu Iznasn Alqissa Alkamila}-" (isnamkn: Ayt Iznasn Tanfust Kullut"* mas d anamk lli akkʷ yaẓn i tmẓla d walli akkʷ intacrn iga t blli yism ad n *"Iznassn"* ikka d tguri n *"Znata"* lli igan yat zɣ tqbilin timaziɣin mqqurnin n imaziɣn zun d ukan Ṣnhaja d Ktama. S ɣmkad, *"Iznassn"* tkka d *"Iznatn"* lli isnamkn *"Iznatiyin"* nɣ d *"Tarwa n Znata".*

## Tutlayt ɣ imizi
Zɣ aylli ittini usnmala n tmtta imunn i usgmi, tamassant d tadlsa, tutlayt n Ayt Iznassn imik s imik ar t ittiliḥ d ar ttidrus ɣ yilsawn n tarwa n imsiwln nns d ur as iɣama ma iggutn ad taɣul tg tutlayt inɣuban. Ar ittini udlis n *"Banu Iznassn Alqissa Alkamila"* mas d tutlayt ad ɣilad tlla sul ɣar ɣ kra n tmizar drusnin ɣ tama n Brkan zun d Aklim d Craɛa d Tafuɣalt.

## Idɣarn n tutlayt
Llan middn isawaln s tutlayt ad ɣ tmdint n Brkan d kra n idɣarn lli as iwalan, zun d Aklim d Tafuɣalt d Zgzl d Ccwiḥya d Craɛa d Bni Ɛṭiya d Rslan d uzaɣar n Trifa. Tkka tt inn yat licaɛa ɣ isggʷasn n id tam id mraw is d middn lli sawalnin s tznast gan ibujadiyn d willi sawalnin s ddarija nttni ad igan inaẓiyn. Ur d tad ad igan tamntilt tamzwarut lli d inqqan tutlayt ad, mac aylli d yujjan tutlayt ad ad t ittiliḥ imik s imik iga t acku ar ttannayn tutlayt ad zun iɣ tga tutlayt n tmazirt ur ixṣṣa sin middn ad as ur ssin s sin ad sis sawln.

## Armas
 
Inna umassan afransis imqqurn Idmund Distayn mas d middn lli sawalnin s tznasst da trmasn middn lli sawalnin s tntala n Zkara, Bnu Buzgu d Bni Busɛid d tamaziɣt n Bni Snus d middn lli sawalnin s tamaziɣt n Figig d tamaziɣt n Ayt Sɣruccn. Armas ad ar ittaɣul icqqa d middn lli sawalnin s trifit mqqar illa imik n urmas dar ayt rif i tutlayt n Ayt Iznasn. Armas ad ar ittaɣul ig awzɣi d middn n Sus d willi sawalnin s tclḥit. S ɣmkad nẓḍaṛ ad nini mas d wawal n Ayt Iznasn yaẓ uggar i idjarn nnsn ɣ iffus d iffus-agmuḍan ɣ brra n Rrif: tamaziɣt n Bni Snus d tamaziɣt n Ayt Sɣruccn d tin Ayt Warayn.

## Ilugan

* Ur d zun d tarifit, askkil n yath (ث) ar ittaɣul iga yah (Nṯnin ⇒ Nhnin).
* Askkil n yak ɣ trifit ar ittaɣul iga yay (Aksum ⇒ Aysum *tifiyyi*).
* Iskkiln n yaḥ d yaɛ ur llin, d iɣ akkʷ llan ar ttilin ɣ iwaliwn lli d ikkan tutlayin timaziɣin yaḍnin nɣ d taɛrabt.

## Tisaɣulin
Tutlayt Tamaziɣt n Ayt Snus

**Tasnusit** (nɣ **Tamaziɣt n Ayt Snus**) tga yat tantala tamaziɣt nna bahra yaẓn i tutlayin tiznatiyin ittusawaln ɣ iwttayn n Tlmsan ɣ Dzayr.

Tkka tt inn tutlayt-ad ar tettusawal ɣ iduwwarn n Kef, Tɣalimt, Bu Hallu, Ayt lɛṛbi, Ayt Acir, Adziddaz d Mazzr ɣ tezwiri n tasuta tiss 20; gin akkʷ imsiwln sis isinutlayn s tɛṛabt. Ayt Suns kkan tt inn ur da ttafan amukris ɣ umsawaḍ d waddjaṛn nnsn imslmaziɣn n Ayt Busɛid f utaram nnsn, iẓḍiṛn daɣ ad nyalkmn (mqqar d s tmmara) d imslmaziɣn n Ayt Iznasn d Figig. Maccan, ggamin ad rmsn amya ɣ Tclḥit (anẓul n Lmɣrib) d Tqbaylit (Agafay n Dzayr).

Ass a, middn imqqurn ka ad sul issnn i tmaziɣt. Amata n Ayt Snus mmatin s teɛṛabt, amẓn ɣar mnnawt tguriwin zɣ tutlayt n iqburn nnsn, zun d tabɣa (-{blackberries}-) neɣ adzduz (-{pestle}-).

## Tisaɣulin
-{

}-
Tutlayt Tamirandit

**Tamirandit** (s tamirandit: *mirandés*,s tabṛṭqqizt: *mirandês*) tga yat ɣ tutlayin li isawal uɣrf n Abrtqqizi. Tg yat ɣ tutlayin tirumiyin lli d yuckan ɣ talatinit. Tg tutlayt tunṣibt tisnat li itty sawaln ɣ tmazirt n Brtqqiz tama n tabṛṭqqizt.


## Tisaɣulin
Tutlayt Tanfust

**Tanfusit** niɣ d **mazoɣ** tga tutlayt lli sawaln Imaziɣn n udrar n infusn ɣ Libya. Adrar n infusn illa ɣ tmazirt n Libya. **Tanfusit** tga ula yat tulayt zɣ tutlayin n imaziɣn lli ukan sul iddrn, waxxa tbidd tanbaḍt n Libya ɣ ddu ifasn l-qddafi bac ad tt tmḍl. 
Ar tt sawaln uggar n 200,000 n umdan. Tangalt -{()}- nns igat: jbn. tawjan ns Camitu-simitik zɣ tutlayin tifrusyatin niɣ d Tutlayin tifrusyawiyin. Mnct ad bdda tsmun id bu icnubcn n tutlayt mas tga zɣ tutlayin n tuns. Mac nttat naḥayat disnt.

## Adrar n infusn
Adrar n infusn iga yan zɣ idrarn n tmazirt n Libya lli walan imaziɣn , ig yan ugadir lli bdda yakkan ixatarn n imaziɣn, inin waεrabn is iga yan udrar lli fllasn iqn. Acku midn nns gan irgazn baḥra cqqanin.

## Tirra n tanfusit
Infusitn ar taran tamaziɣt ns iskkiln tifinaɣ d iskkiln iɛṛabn (Ẓr tawalt ɣid: Tawalt) Mac ar as zmmuẓzuln zɣ mad issufɣ SGSM niɣ d (Asinag Ageldan Tussna Tamaziɣt) n tamazirt n umṛṛuk iskkiln imaynutn n Tifinaɣ.
## Imik n tanfusit
* Tudemt = صفحة
* Tanggarut = أخر
* Amedya = مثال
* Amzwar= الاول

## Lmd tanfusit

::Lmd imik n tanfusit z iwaliwnad gr Sifaw d Marin.
:Sifaw: Azul fellam --> Azul fllam
:Maren: Azul fellak a uma --> Azul fllak a gʷma
:Sifaw: Is tẓrid ultma Tala? --> is tẓrit ultma Tala?
:Maren: Uhu! Ama temma d ad tugur in Taddart n Ɛica,--> Uhu, mac tnna rad tddu s tgmmi n Ɛica
:Sifaw: Ɛica n mant ? --> Ɛica illis n mit?
:Maren: Ɛica yellis n Maṭus --> Ɛica illis n Maṭuṣ
:Sifaw: Aaa! way Maṭuṣ, zedɣen tama n Taddart n baba Pmed--> Aaa! Maṭuṣ zdɣn tama n tgmmi n gma mqqurn
:Maren: Way --> Wah
:Sifaw: Tanmirt Maren --> Tanmmirt Maren
:Maren: u-cra yukan --> ad ur tssiḥlt agayu-nnm

## Tadlist
Tajrrumt n tutlayt tanfusit 
## Izdayn n berra

## Tisaɣulin
Tutlayt Tanglizt

Tga **Tinglizt** (s tanglizt: **English**) yat tutlayt tajirmant ɣ tawja n tutlayin Tihindurufanin. Ar sis isawal wuṭṭun imqqurn n middn ɣ umaḍal, tg ula tutlayt tamzwarut ɣ kra n tmizar zun d Amirika, Britanya, Kanada, Ustralya, Nyu Zilanda,d Tfriqt n unẓul. Kigan n middn ɣ umaḍal ar sis sawaln, tg tutlayt tabṛṛaniyt tamzwarut g kigan n tmizar.

Tinglizt tga yat tutlayt tajirmanir d utrim, tffɣ d zɣ wawal lli s sawaln middn ɣ Britanya imqqurn, ɣ tmiḍi tiss 5, Inglizn, Isaksunn d Ijutn, n illan d iɣrfan d Ijirmanen, id ikkin zɣ uftis utrim n Ill n Ugafa, n illan d tilila gr n Uliman d Danmark. S manaya acku ntaf Tafrizyant, Talimant n wadday d Tinglizt mrawasnt gr asnt. Llan iḍrisn n tutlayin a zɣ usggwas n 700.

## Tutlayt tunṣibt

Tga tanglizt tutlayt tunṣibt n 52 n tmizar atnt igan :

* Australie (anglais australien)
* Bahamas
* Canada (tanglizt takanadit), tg tagadda nttat d tfransist.
* Barbade (anglais caribéen)
* Bermudes
* Belize  (anglais bélizien)
* Dominique
* Iwankn Munnin n Marikan (tanglizt tamirikanit), bla ad sis steɛṛefn s wudem unṣib.

* Grenade
* Guyana
* Irlande
* Jamaïque (anglais jamaïcain)
* Malṭa
* Nouvelle-Zélande (anglais néo-zélandais)
* Antigua-et-Barbuda

* Saint-Christophe-et-Niévès
* Saint-Vincent-et-les-Grenadines
* Singapour
* Trinité-et-Tobago
* Royaume-Uni (anglais britannique)

## Tisaɣulin
Tutlayt Taqbaylit

Tga **Taqbaylit** nɣ d **Tazwawt** tamaziɣt ar sis sawaln izwawn nɣ d ayt lqbayl ɣ dzayr.

Tga yat ɣ tmzarayin timaziɣin bahra ttuysawalnin. tack d ɣ tɣʷrdin n tclḥiyt s wuṭṭun n imssiwln.

## Tiguriwin turḍilin
Kra n tguriwin nna d ikkan tutlayt taɛrabt :
 

Kra n tguriwin yadnin :
 

Kra n tguriwin nna ur immrwasn gr tcelḥit d teqbaylit :
 

## Tisaɣulin

-{}-
Tutlayt Tarifit

Tga **Trifit** tutlayt tamaziɣt nna s sawaln ayt rrif. Zɣ mad nufa ɣ usiḍn amrrukiy n 2004, uṭṭun n imssiwln n trifiyt ɣ umrruk iga t attayn n 1,270,000 umlyun, ilkm attayn n 1,5 umlyun ɣ umaḍal akkʷ. zɣ dar isugam yaḍnin, ittwasitg wuṭṭun n imssiwln nns s wattayn n 3 imlyunn.

Llan tuggt n imssiwln n trifiyt ɣ urubba nna s ddan dffir n uzwag nnsn imqqurn zɣ wammas n isggʷasn n 1960. Hulanḍa, Abljik, d Waliman, gan timizar nna ɣ bahra llan.

Mqqar ittwassn yism ad n "tarifiyt", ig yan yirm ubɣir (ilan abɣur), imaziɣn n rrif ar aqqran i tutlayt-nnsn s ism "tamaziɣt".

Tiqbilin timslmaziɣin nna isawaln s trifiyt gant tnt: Ibqquyn, Ayt Wryaɣl, Ayt Tmsaman, Ayt Tuzin, Ayt Ɛmmart, Igznnayn, (Mtalsa, Ibdarsn?), Ayt Sɛid, Iqlɛiyn, Tafrsit, Ayt Ulick(?), Ayt Buyḥyi, Ikbdanen, Ayt Gmil.

## Isnfiln Imsislitn
Ittwassn wawal arifiy s isnfiln nns imsislitn sis iẓlin. isnfiln ad imsislitn gan zɣ tɣawsiwin iskarn tanmart ɣ urmas dar imaziɣn ann yaḍn.

Amata n walsiwn irifiyn, slawan akkʷ win tsggʷin tinammasin n rrif amslmaziɣ, gisn isnfiln ad imsislitn, mac ur kullu gis ttwaɛmmemn; ur llin dar walsiwn n ugmmuḍ n rrif (ikbdann, iznasn...) nna yaẓn uggar i tntaliwin ann yaḍn ɣ uswir amsisli.

Imgirrden gr Tarifit d tutlayin timaziɣin yaḍni:

* -{/l/}- ar ittaḍu -{/ř/}-, zun d : -{**aɣyul** -> **aɣyuř**}-
* Ur ar ttnṭaqn -{/r/}- iɣ illa ḍaṛt n uɣri: -{*tadda*'r**t'' -> ''tadd**aa**t''.}-

Lemmer tlla tiɣra mbeɛd /r/ ar t nttnṭaq, zun d : ar tnṭaqn /r/ n ''tamara''.
* -{/ll/}- ar ittaḍu -{/ǧ/}-, Amdya : -{**yelli** -> **yeǧi**.}-
* -{/lt/}- ar ittaḍu -{/č/}-, Amdya : -{**weltma** -> **wečma**.}-
* S umata -{/k/}- ar ittaḍu -{/c/}-.
* Mnck n twal, ur ar ttnṭaqn awṣil -{''a-''}-, zun d : -{**afus** -> **fus*'}-
-{

}-

-{
* Biarnay, Samuel. 1911. *Etude sur le dialecte des Bet't'ioua du Vieil-Arzeu*. Alger: Carbonel.
* Biarnay, Samuel. 1917. *Etude sur les dialectes berbères du Rif*. Paris: Leroux.
* Cadi, Kaddour. 1987. *Système verbal rifain. Forme et sens.* Paris: Peeters.
* Colin, Georges Séraphin. 1929. "Le parler berbère des Gmara." *Hespéris* 9: 43-58.
* [[Maarten Kossmann|Kossmann, Maarten]]. 2000. *Esquisse grammaticale du rifain oriental*. Paris: Peeters.
* [[Mena Lafkioui|Lafkioui, Mena]]. 2007. *Atlas linguistique des variétés berbères du Rif*. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe.
* McClelland, Clive. 1996. Interrelations of prosody, clause structure and discourse pragmatics in Tarifit Berber. University of Texas at Arlington.
* McClelland, Clive. *The Interrelations of Syntax, Narrative Structure, and Prosody in a Berber Language* (Studies in Linguistics and Semiotics, V. 8). Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 2000. 
* Mourigh, K., & Kossmann, M. 2020. *An introduction to Tarifiyt Berber (Nador, Morocco)* (Lehrbücher orientalischer Sprachen ; volume IV/1). 
* Renisio, A. 1932. *Etude sur les dialectes berbères des Beni Iznassen, du Rif et des Senhaja de Sraïr''. Paris: Leroux.
}-
## Izdayn n brra
-{

* Tarifiyt Berber Vocabulary List (from the World Loanword Database)
* INALCO report on Tarifit (fr)
}-
## Tisaɣulin
Tutlayt Tasiwit

**Awal n isiwan** nɣ d **jlan n isiwan** (s wawal n isiwan) nɣ daɣ **tasiwiyt**, tga tutlayt tamaziɣt ittyusawaln ɣ isiwan d gaṛa, sin id wazis llanin ɣ tagut n Miẓṛa, aẓn i iwtta nns d libya. ngr 15,000 d 20,000 n middn ad tt isawaln.

tga tsiwiyt tutlayt n umyawaḍ akuyass ɣ dar imaziɣn imisṛiyn n siwa d gaṛa.

## imikk n tsiwit

## ilinkn ittawyn s mani yaḍn

## Tisaɣulin


## Tisaɣulin
Tutlayt Tasndit

**Tasndit** tga yat zɣ tutlayin Timaziɣin lli illan ɣ tmazirt n Tuns. Tg yat zɣ tutlayin lli iftan ad tmmt. Nnan mas d zɣ 1950, ur sul illi mad sis isawaln. Ɣ tmazirt n Tuns, mnnawt tutlayin ad ilan agri, skrnt nit s tɣarast n usmḍl. Imbddadn iqawmiyn n waεrabn lli inbḍn ɣ tmazirt n Tuns uggar 50 n usggʷas ayad gan nn tuggas nnsn ad nɣin tadlsa d tutlayin Timaziɣin ɣ Tuns.
## Igzzumn
Agzzum ad ittyasay d zɣ udlis "-{Etude sur la Tamazir't ou Zenatia de Qalaât Es-sned (Tunisie) (1911)}-" f tzbayt mgal n ukccum n Banu Hilal. Agzzum ad ur ibudl, ittrs ɣid ɣiklli s ittyura s iskkiln iɛṛabn d ilatinn.

## Izdayn n brra
-{
*  '''Tamazight in Tunisia''': by Ahmed Boukous (Internet Archive)
* Etude sur la Tamazir't ou Zenatia de Qalaât Es-sned (Tunisie) (1911)" (PDF).
}-

## Tisaɣulin
-{}-
Tutlayt Taqubṭit

Tutlayt **Taqubṭit** (s tqubṭit: ⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉⲙ̀ⲛⲭⲏⲙⲓ nɣ ϯⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ *met.rem.ən.khēmi*) tga yat tutlayt tafrusyawit illan ɣ tmazirt n Miṣra.

## Tisaɣulin
Tutlayt Tazwarit Tatunsit

**Tutlayin Tiznatiyin n Ugmuḍ** (Blench, 2006) nɣ **Tutlayin n Zwara d Tuns** (Kossmann, 2013) gant yat trabbut n tntlayin Tijanatin ittyusawaln ɣ Tuns d Libya.

Ɣ tannayt n Maṛtn Kuṣman, ar zzraynt tutlayin illan ɣ ugmuḍ akkʷ n tntlayin tiznatiyin s Tamaziɣt tagmuḍant, maca naḥya tnt bahra f taddjart-nnsnt Tanfusit.

Ɣ tsga yaḍn, yanni Kuṣman mas d taẓṛmt tantalant n Zwuara d Tmaziɣt tatunsit kcmnt gis ula timzarayn ittusawaln ɣ wakal n tuns ("Sened" (tnɣuba), Jeṛbi, Maṭmaṭa d Taṭṭawin), Jṛba d Ẓuwaṛa, maccan Tanfusit uhu, acku tettussiḍn is tga tantala n Tmaziɣt tagmuḍant.

Dat n ad issiḍn Kusman, Ruḍjṛ Blinc (2006) Taznatit tagmuḍant is tga taẓṛmt tantalant ɣ tlla "Sened" (Tnɣuba, tkcm gis Tmagurt), Tajṛbit, Maṭmaṭa (Tamazret, Zwara d Tawjjut) d Tnfusit.

## Tisaɣulin
-{}-
Tutlayt Taɛṛabt

**Taɛṛabt** nɣ **Tasrɣint** (s tεrabt : الْعَرَبيّة, *al εarabiyya* nɣ d عَرَبيْ, *εarabī,* s tamaziɣt n zikk : Tasrɣint) tga tutlayt nna s sawaln iεrabn, tga yat tutlayt tafrusyawit. Tkka d tεṛabt tutlayin tisamiyin zun d ukan Taεibrit nɣ Tafiniqt n zik, nttat ad igan tamzwarut gisnt ɣ wuṭṭun n imssiwln, Ar ttinin mas d illa ḥaqqan gr 315 mlyun d 375 mlyun n mddn.

Tucka d tutlayt **Taɛṛabt** zɣ Tazungzirt Taɛṛabt. Ɣ tasut tiss 7 tga d Taɛṛabt tutlayt n Lqqʷran n Lislam.

Tga Taεṛabt tutlayt tamaddudt ɣ 27 n tmizar, tg tutlayt tanamurt ɣ Mali, Sinigal, d Sumal. Tutlayt Taεṛabt da tettyura s ugmmay aεrab, tirra nns gis 28 iskkiln ittyaran zɣ ufasi s azlmaḍ. Tṭṭf kigan n tantalyin, mqqar d kkant tantaliyin ad tutlayt taεṛabt ur ar bahra ttmyarmasn imslɛṛabn ingratsn, amdya: taεṛabt talubnanit ur iẓḍar ad irms taεṛabt tamɣribiyt. 

Nẓḍaṛ ad nbḍu gr snat tmdyazi: tamdyazt n dffir Lislam, d tmdyazt n dat Lislam, ar as qqarn s tεṛabt "tajahilit".

## Tutlayt tunṣibt
Taɛṛabt tafuṣḥit tga tutlayt tunṣibt ɣ 25 tmizar, aya ad tt yujjan ad tg tutlayt tiss kraḍt dffir tafransist d tanglizt 

* Tmizar n iɛrabn : Saɛudya, Baḥrayn, Juzur n Lqumur, Djibuti, Timizar iɛrabn imunn, ɛiraq, Urdun, Kuwit, Lubnan, Ɛuman, Filiṣṭin, Qatar, Somalya, Sudan, Surya, Lyaman ;
* Tmizar n tfriqt n ugafa : Dzayr, Miṣra, Lmɣrib, Muritanya, Tuns, Libya ;
* Tmizar yaḍn zun d Irytri, Tcad ;

Tutlayt tunṣibt n tmazirt n Malṭa, tutlayt tamalṭit, tga yat zɣ tantliwin n tutlayt taɛrabt.

## Amzruy
Taɛṛabt tga tutlayt tasamit. Ur ar tettuysawal Tɛrabt tafusḥit am tutlayt takuyasst maccan llan sul ilsawn n taɛrabt ɣ timizar n ugmuḍ anammas n tafriqt n ugafa. 

## Tisaɣulin
Tutlayt Taɣumarit

**Taɣumarit** (s tifinaɣ: **ⵜⴰⵖⵓⵎⴰⵕⵜ**) tga yat n tantala n Tmaziɣt n Waṭlas, nttat a s ar sawaln iɣumariyn ɣ ugafa n Lmɣrib (ɣ Accawen d Tiṭṭawin). Tutlayt ad taẓ bahra i Tṣnhajiyt n Srayr d tutlayin n waṭlas yaḍnin, mac taggug bahra f Trifit.

Imisi n 10,000 n middn ad sis isawaln.

## Tafunulujit

### Iɣritn
Zun d Taɛrabt d tutlayin Timaziɣin yaḍnin, Taɣumarit tṭṭaf iɣritn ad: *a-*, *i-*, *u-*.

### Tirgalin
Teṭṭaf Taɣumarit 44 tirgalin.
-{

}-

## Amawal

### Amdya n tguriwin
Amdya n iwaliwn n kraygat ass s Taɣumarit:

* *targat*: “tawargit”
* *ahlan*: “azul”
* *lmakla*: “tirmt”
* *tanebdut*: “anbdu”

### Amdya n uḍṛiṣ

## Idlisn lli fllas isawln
-{
* Mourigh, Khalid (2015). *A grammar of Ghomara Berber* (PhD thesis). Leiden University
* Mourigh, Khalid (2016). *A Grammar of Ghomara Berber*. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag
* Gabriel Camps and J. Vignet-Zunz. 1998. Ghomâra (Ghumara, Ghmara). In Gabriel Camps (ed.), Encyclopédie berbère: Gauda - Girrei, 3110–3119. Aix-en-Provence: Edisud
* Colin, Georges S. 1929. Le parler berbère des Ġmāra. Hespéris: (pp. 43–58) archives berbères et bulletin de l'Institut des Hautes Etudes Marocaines
* Kossmann, Maarten G. (2013). *The Arabic influence on Northern Berber*. Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics 67. Leiden: Brill
}-
## Tisaɣulin
-{}-

## Ɣaylli sis izdin
Tutlayt Taṣbnyult

Tutlayt **Taṣbnyulit** ( s tṣbnyulit : *español* nɣ *castellano* ) tga yat tutlayt bahra ittuysawaln ɣ umaḍal. Tga **Tasblyunit** niɣ **Tagastalanit** ar nttini ula tasppanyunit tutlayt lli n uɣrf asblyuni lli illan ɣ tamrt nsbanya. Mac tutlaytad ar sawaln ar sis ttaran mnnaw urɣf yaḍn ɣ graygat tasga nu umaḍlan. Tg tasblyunit yat ɣ tutlayin timqran lli bahra ittuysawaln dar ar tyura mayad iskr kis tutlayt iddrn tama n tinglizit, tafrnsist, tahulandit d tiyyaḍ yaḍn. Tg ula yat ɣ tutlayin lli sawal yan ugzzum n imaziɣn ɣ tsga Tigzirin tiknariyin ula ɣ tamurt n spanya s igayyuns.

## Tisaɣulin
Tutlayt Taẓnagt n Ssrayr

**Taṣnhajit n Srayr** tga zzɣ twja n tutlayin timaziɣin n ugafa. Ar sis sawaln iẓnagn izdɣn ɣ ugzzum agmuḍan n arrif amɣrab (Kutama).

Tga tulayt-ad zzɣ twja n tulayin n waṭlas. tṛḍl-d mnnwt tɣawsiwin zɣ tutlayt taddjart-nns, Tarifit.

## Tintlayin
Tintlayin n Tsnhajit gant tid: Bni Aḥmd, Bni Bcir, Bni bnsar, Bni Jnnus, Bni Meswi, Bni Seddat, Kutama, Sarkat d Tagsut.

## Tisaɣulin
-{}-
Tutlayt Taznatit n Gurara

**Taznatit** yat zɣ tutlayin n imaziɣin lli sawaln imaziɣn ɣ tamazirt n Dzayr. Ar as nttini tamaziɣt n tigurarin niɣ tamaziɣt n twat. Tg awal n tqbilin tiznatiyin (s tɛṛabt: زناتة) n unẓul n tamurt n Dzayr. Tutlayt ad tga yat zzɣ tutlayin n Dzayr lli ttini is tnɣuba ɣ tgira n 1985 ɣ iɣrman d iduwwarn n Twat d tsggiwin Tamntit d Tittaf.

Timyurin n igmmaḍn n tmizar ad n tmdyazt d uzawan s Taznatit ttyuran d frurin ɣ warratn n Mulud Mεamri. Tettuzemmam ɣ imṣṭirn imzwura n tusna n ufgan n -{UNESCO}-

## Tisaɣulin
Tutlayt Tayart

**Ayr Tamajeq** (Tayiṛt) tga yat tmzarayt n Tamacq lli igan s yixf-nns yat zzɣ tutlayin titwargin. Ar sis sawaln itwargin lli izdɣn ɣ idrarn n Ayr ɣ Tsga n Agadz ɣ Nnijr.

''Ethnologue'' ibder snat tntlayin: Ayr (Tayert) d Tanassfarwat (Tamagarast/Tamesgrest). Blench (2006) yanni is gant timzarayin-ad snat tutlayin bḍanin. Ismmu Ingal d Gofat am tntlayin n Ayr/Tayirt d Azerori am tntala n Tamesgrest.

## Tasnmslit

### Iɣritn

}-
### Tirgalin
-{

* Da bahra ttjṛun imslitn [tʃ] d [dʒ] am yimsliḍn n /t/ d /d/ dat n yiɣritn idffirann. Da bahra ittuman yan wunɣan /ŋ/ kud nna ittwḍfar s yan wancunɣan /w/, neɣ s yan ilḍṭan /q/.
}-
## Tisaɣulin
-{}-
Tutlayt Taṭalyanit

Tga **tṭalyant** (*italiano*) yat tutlayt igan sɣ tutlayin tiṛumanin.

## Amzruy

## Tirra
21 n uskkil ad illan ɣ ugʷmmay nns, kkan-d akkʷ agmmay alatin. Iskkilen *j*, *k*, *w*, *x* d *y* ur llin abla ɣ tguriwin turḍilin.

## Taɣlaɣalt (funitik)
**Igmmayn zdaynin** 
(Les voyelles) a, e, o, i, u

* a :
Zun d. : n**a**ve (aɣrrabu), **a**cqu**a** (aman), **a**more (tayri)
*  e:
Zun d. : pian**e**ta (atri), mondial**e** (amadlan), pa**e**s**e** (tamurt)
* i : 
Zun d. : r**i**so (rruz), l**i**ngua (tutlayt), pol**i**t**i**ca (tasrtit)
*o :
Zun d. : s**o**le (tafukt), fratell**o** (gma), r**o**ss**o** (azggaɣ)
*  u : 
Zun d. : s**u** (aflla), **u**fficiale (unsib), t**u**rno (tawala)

## Igmmayn
Tutlayt tatalyanit da tettyura s ugmmay alatini zun d kigan n tutlayin ɣ Urupa d Umaḍal.

Agmmay atalyani gis 21 n iskkiln:


Map Italophone World - updated.png|
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Idioma%20italiano.png


## Tisaɣulin
Tutlayt Tumẓabt

**Tumẓabt** tga yat tutlayt taznatit tamaziɣt nna s sawaln Imuẓabn (s tutlayt-nnsn: *At əmẓab*) lli igan yan uɣrf amaziɣ iḍfṛn Taẓṛibaḍit (-{Ibadisme}- s tfṛansist). Zdɣn Imuẓabn ɣ mnnawt tmdinin ɣ tmnaḍt n Mẓab lli illan ɣ ugafa n tnzruft tadzayrit. Ar sis isawal awd yan uṭṭun idrusn n imuẓabn imzawagn ɣ mani yaḍn. Tumẓabt tga zzɣ tutlayin n Tnzruft tagafayt lli igan taẓṛmt tantalayt n tutlayin tiznatiyin. Tmyaẓ bahra Tumẓabt i tutlayin tiddjarin n Wrɣla, Wad Riɣ ula tin Gurara mqqar taggug uggar.

## Tabiblyugrafit

* -{ابراهيم و بكير عبد السلام. الوجيز في قواعد الكتابة و النحو للغة الأمازيغية "المزابية". المطبعة العرببة: غرداية 1996.}-
* -{Delheure, Jean. *Aǧraw n Yiwalen Tumẓabt d-Tefṛansist = Dictionnaire Mozabite–Francais*. SELAF:Paris 1984.}-

## isugam


## Tisaɣulin
Tutlayt tamaziɣt tanawayt tadzayrit

**Tamaziɣt tanawayt tadzayrit** tga tamzarayt tanawayt tanamurt n tmaziɣt ittusawaln ɣ Dzayer. Ar ukan fllas swuruyn zɣ lliɣ tt ssudedn ɣ Dzayer.

Asnaway ittubna bahra f imuzal n Mulud Mɛemmṛi (-{le dictionnaire et le précis de grammaire berbère (kabyle), ISBN 9782906659001}-).

## Tisaɣulin
-{}-

## Ɣaylli sis izdin

*
Tutlayt tamaziɣt tanawayt tamɣribit

**Tamaziɣt tanawayt tamɣiribt**, tga yan uẓgr asulan bac ad tettusenfal yat tutlayt tanawayt tanamurt tamɣribit n tmaziɣt. Ittyawskar aya f ummni wis 5 n udustur n 2011.

Tettuṣka tmaziɣt tanawayt s usmun n tmzarayin timaziɣin imqqurn ɣ lmɣrib (Taclḥit, Tamaziɣt n waṭlas anammas, Tarifit).

## Tasnmslit
Angraw imsisli lli isrs usinag i tmaziɣt tanawayt gis 33 n ufunim. 

Tṭṭaf tmaziɣt tnawayt 27 n trgalin (zgisnt 2 tzgnrgalin).

-{

}-

Tṭṭaf tmaziɣt tanwayt 3 n iɣritn imtkurn d yan ucfa nɣ aɣri afssas (-{R|Schwa}-).

-{

}-
## Tisaɣulin

-{}-
Tutlayt tamaddudt

**Tutlayt tamaddudt** tga tt yat tutlayt ilan yan waddad iẓlin ɣ kra n tmazirt nɣ kra n tmaddast. Kra n tmizar darsnt mnnawt tutlayin timaddudin zun d Lmṛṛuk, Kanaḍa, d Swisra. Kra n tmizar yaḍn darsnt ɣar yat tutlayt tunṣibt zund Tuns, Fransa. Tẓḍar kra n tmazirt ad dars ur tili tutlayt tamaddudt zun d Iwankn Munnin n Marikan.

## Tisaɣulin
Tẓa

**Tẓa** (s taserɣint : تسعة, s tafransist : neuf) iga yan izwl.

## Amawal :
imisin :ثنائي, système binaire

inbḍayn : القواسم

Amḍan : عدد

Awtam : ثماني, système octal

Awesnmraw : ثنائي عشر

Awesḍimraw : سداسي عشر, système hexadécimal

## Tisaɣulin
Tuḍfit

**Tuḍfin** gant insktn.

***Msmun awal n [[SGSM]] :** Msmun awal amatay asnmalay n tmaziɣt (MMSM)
## Tisaɣulin
Uccn d tfullust

## Tinfusin
Niɣ Umiyn niɣd dmin dmin ayndi  gant timzray n zik  lli mmu talsn midn i tarwas ɣ graygat tasga n tamzɣa. Dmin artn ttinin midn itarwans d ar sisnt sgan drrit mẓin. Yili gistn mck n tmitar d iwaliwn fulkin. 
## '''Uccn d tfullust'''
Dmin dmin ayndi, ikkattin ɣ tusutin n zik llin bahra n yaggugn yan w-uccn d yat tfullust. yan was ɣ wussan n Rbbi, yucka-d wuccen amellaẓu ɣ tagant tamqrant lli ixuxxan,  ar tama n yat taddagt ɣ  tsummer yat tfullust, yini yas:

:- Azul fllam a ma tafullust, ifulki igiwr nm.

Trar asd tfullust lli tnna yas: 
:- Azu1 fellak a w-uccn.

Yinna yas w-uccen:

: - Is tssnt ma s ibrrḥ uberraḥ n tagant, ynna ma s ur sul izgr ad icc ugrzam iznkaḍ, izm ad su1 ur icc udadn; igidr ad sul ur igmmr iwtlan ula uccan ad sul ur cttan tifullusin. Awal n uflla han tadimukrasit r-ad tili ɣ tagant, iwa ggizd ad n smgdl imik.

Tafullust trar asd,  tggizd macc teksuḍ... Inna yas w-uccen:

:- Gggizd a ma, han azmz n tadiktaturit idda! ggwiz ur tkṣut yat.

Siɣ tanni tfullust sin uṣkayn  ɣi lli ɣ tlla nttat d w-uccen, tiri ad tggiz. Uccn ntta aylli ɣ izṛa uskayn yiri ad yirwl... Tnna yas tfullust:

:- W ah a uccn! Yak tnnit ha ma s ynna ubrraḥ masd tizi n tikṣṣad tdda s yinna! mak za yaɣn budln gik idamn? 

Irara asd w-uccn yinna yas: 

:- Id wacc ad muḥl is sllan i lebrḥ nn ad asng zik ukan ! 

Ar ilmma ittazzal w-uc tiɣrdin n tfullust ar ttazzaln uskayn tiɣrdin n w-uccn.

Iɣ ur mmutn han ar ukan sul ttazzaln uskayn tivrdin n uccan , uccan tiɣrdin n tfullusin tifullusin tivrdin n wussan.

## Tisaɣulin
Udadn

**Udadn** (s tirra n tfinaɣ: *ⵓⴷⴰⴷⵏ* ,s tirra n tɛrabt: *أودادن* ) tga yat trabbut n umarg tamɣribit itɣnnayn s tutlayt tclḥit, gan ayt tmazirt n Sus. Amɣar nnsn iga tt Ɛabdllah Lfuwa.

## Assaɣ
Udadn ɣ tutlayt taclḥit iga tt yan wanaw n iẓnkʷaḍ ittddrn ɣ idrarn n waṭlas. Ɣ umzwaru akkʷ id bu trabbut gan as yism n "Iḍjarn", macc lliɣ d skkiwsn d iguyya nnsn jmɛan f mayad sbadln ilmma yism aylliɣ as gan yism ad lli teṭṭaf ɣilad.

## Amzruy
Tlul-d trabbut n Udadn ɣ usggʷas n 1978 ɣ ammas n Bn Srgaw, taman Ugadir. Tḥaḍr trabbut ad ɣ kigan d inmuggarn slawan ɣ Lmɣrib ula ḥtta ɣ tmizar n bṛṛa, zund ukan tmizar n Urupa d Mirikan. Ftan ar Malizya fad ad gis skrn umarg nnsn ɣ ammas n Unmuggar amaḍlan n uẓawan Raynfurist, ddan akkʷ daɣ s tmazirt n Ṭanẓanya fad ad ḥaḍrn i yan unmuggar iga s yism Suti Za Busara. Album nnsn amzwaru iffaɣ-d ɣ usggʷas n 1985, skrn kra n kraḍ id mraw, d slkmn amarg d uẓawan aclḥiy d ula ḥtta amaziɣ s umaḍal.

## Anaw n umarg

Ar ttawin Udadn tufrayt nnsn zɣ umarg abldi aclḥiy amaziɣ. Tg trabbut n Udadn yat zɣ trubba lli akk ittussan ɣ ammas n anaw ad n umarg adt igan d « Tagrupit » nɣ « Tirubba », anaw ad amaynu iḍfar-d ukan « Taẓnẓart ». Anaw ad ar t nttafa bzzaf ɣ timɣriwin d tifugliwin n tmizar n tfriqt tagafayt. Ar nttafa ula aswuri n Banju d Talgiṭaṛt n trisinti, allaln ad s sin-itsn ay d igan igjda n wanaw ad n umarg.

## Igmamn
Inazurn li ylan ɣ tarabbut n udadn:

* Ɛabdllah Al Fuwa (Banju)
* Aḥmad Al Fuwa (Tallunt d Tagwalt)
* Muḥammad Jmumx (Tigwalin)
* Lɛarbi Amhal (Tismamayn d Naqus)
* Xalid Al Fuwa (Tallunt)
* Saɛid Uhdi (Talgiṭaṛt)

Kantin ɣ tarabbut n udadn inazurn ad:

* Ɛabdlḥaq Arsmuk (Banju)
* Ḥasan Ɛatur (Talgiṭaṛt)
* Ḥasan Zin (Talgiṭaṛt)
* Muḥammad Aznkd (Talgiṭaṛt)
* Saɛid Uhdi (Talgiṭaṛt)
* Ɛbdallah Brhic (Tallunt)
* Laḥsn Acawr (Tallunt d Naqus)

## Izwal
Ṭṭafn Udadn agudi n talɣatin n umarg, willi akkʷ gisn ittussan gantn:

* Ḍif llah
* icc imikk fl iyyi imikk
* U mani a tgit
* Amẓati ad ur tḍṛ


 

## Tisaɣulin
Udayn imaziɣn

Ur ta ggadjn s Israyil, d Urupa d Izlmd n Mirikan, Kkan tt nn kigan d Udayn zdaɣn ɣ Mɣrib. Iɣ illa kra gisn izadɣ ɣ tmdinin n Lmɣrib aqbur ɣ kra n iẓẓyatn srsn iẓlin, lli ittuyassann s Lmllaḥ, llant truba yaḍn gisn zdaɣnt gr tiqbilin n imaziɣn. Tiruba yad n udayn ar sawalnt tamaziɣt, mkli usint kigan d tmitar ɣ insayn s tyyawssann d usnmili n tudrt nnsn tamttit ɣ tayssi n tqbilin ad.

Tifrawin ad lli rad ng ɣ sit ar sawalnt f kigan d tɣawsiwin izdin f trubba yad n udayn, lli ttunt kigan tizrawin izdin i udayn n Mɣrib. Llant ttid izdin d usqsi n uẓur nnsnt (mani d kkant, iz d Falastin, Uruba, nɣ d ur gint ɣas imaziɣn ikcmn s usɣan n Udayn), nɣ d man tisggiwin n tudrt tamttit, tusɣant ɣ snarant awal amaziɣ, d mad tnt iẓlin d trubba yaḍn n Udayn isawaln taɛrabt.

## Tisaɣulin

* Udayn Imazighen - Mondeberbere.com : https://web.archive.org/web/20051027062825/http://www.mondeberbere.com/juifs/index-en.htm
Yutrsn

**Yutrsn** iga yan udwwar ɣ unẓul n Waliman, tlla ɣ iggi n wasif n Pinnaw, imzdaɣn nns lkmn ɣ usggʷas n 2007, 2811 n ufgan.

## Tisaɣulin
Uguṣtin-Luwis Kucy

Iga **Augustin-Louis Cauchy** (/koʊˈʃiː/; Tafransist: [oɡystɛ̃ lwi koʃi]; 21 August 1789 – 23 May 1857) yan umusnak afransis, ilul ɣ Bariz

## Tisaɣulin
Ukaymdn

**Ukaymdn** tga yat tɣrmt imẓẓiyn illan ɣ Lmɣrib. Tlla tiɣrmt ad ɣ tsga n Mṛṛakc taggug fllas s 74 km s uɣaras n idrarn n waṭlas. Ayt tɣrmt ad ar sawaln Taclḥit. Tettyussan s udfl lli bahra iṭṭarn ɣ idrarn.

## Tasulaft

File:Jbel.Oukaimeden.jpg|idrarn n latlas tama n oukaimden


## Tisaɣulin
Ukranya

Tga **Ukranya** (s tawkranit : Україна ; yili mad as ittinin Ukranya) yat tmazirt illan ɣ Uruppa. Tamaẓunt nns Kyiv.

## Tisaɣulin
Ummad

Ummad (Ism nns amassan *Ampelodesmos mauritanicus)* iga yan wanaw n Tuga.

## Tuzduɣt
## Asafar
## Tasnalɣa (Morphologie)
## Tisaɣulin
Unfus

**Unfus** iga yan lgaz nna ittnffas ufgan.
Afgan ar ittnffas seg inzar neɣ imi.
Unfus ard ittkka imɣan (iskla, tuga ...).
***Msmun awal n [[SGSM]] :** Msmun awal amatay asnmalay n tmaziɣt (MMSM)
## Tisaɣulin
Asmussu n twlafin

Asmussu n twlafin (s tanglizt: animation) iga tiwlafin itmussun s zzrbt. Ar tggant twlafin n bu sin wuggugn nɣ d tiwlafin n bu kṛaḍ wuggugn bac ad tili amussu ɣ ufidyu.

## afidyu wat d isarutn


Caminandes-_Llama_Drama_-_Short_Movie.ogv|kaminand 1: Llama Drama (2013)
Caminandes_-_Gran_Dillama_-_Blender_Foundation's_new_Open_Movie.webm|kaminand 2: Gran Dillama (2013)
Caminandes 3 - Llamigos - Blender Animated Short.webm|thumbtime=01:01|kaminand 3: Llamigos (2016)

## Tisaɣulin
Uṛanus

Iga **Uṛanus** (ikrrajn:  nɣ ) wiss kṛaḍ zzɣ ilɣuɣn n uzwinti ɣ unagraw anafuk, d iga anagraw i kullu ikʷrmn gis.

## Asamu

* Awum aknunnay: 51 118 akilumitr.
* Abddur: 8,7 × 10²⁵ akilugram.
* Astum f tfukt: 19,2 afrdis n uẓyaṛ.
* Azmz n wannaḍ: 17 sr d 14 sd.
* Azmz n uḥbu anafuk: 84 n usggʷas.
* Aẓẓug n tsna: 8,7 M/S².
* Tirɣi n tsna: -210 °C.

## Tufayt
Uṛanus iga tafgga tamzwarut i ttyufan s utiliskub amaynu, ɣ ddu ufus n umassan n uẓyaṛ angliz wilyam hircl ɣ usggas n 1781.

## Akuttr aguman
Ar tlkkm tsk°flt n ukuttr n uṛanus 97,77 n tsk°flt. hiyya ar issutul xf tafukt f tsga ns, ur d zund imtiwgn ann wiyyaḍ.

## Tamdayt
Ɣ tizi iɣ ar ttili ɣ tnzbayt (zzɣ tafukt, ar akal) ra nẓḍaṛ ad tt nẓṛ s tiṭṭ waxxa tifawt nns tnrkum.

## Ayyurn
Iṭṭaf umtiwg n uṛanus ṣḍis  iyyirn assaɣn nnsn: ubiṛun - taytanya - ambril - aril - miranda - bak.

## Tanɣa
Aklu aẓṛwal n uṛanus yucka d zzɣ assumm nns i tifawt tazggʷaɣt ɣ ddu ufus n umitan n unzwi.

## Tigniwt
Ar tssnfal tigniwt tamaslakt imikk s imikk s taggiwin timṭṭiyyin tigʷnsanin.

## Taduli
Ar ittussgma yan igr amɣnaḍisan amqqran s usrag n imazzaln inrɣin ɣ tadrut n umtiwg.

## Tisaɣulin
Urkimn

**Urkimn** nɣ **Inbubarn** dar lɛḍ, tan yat tirmt tasusit bahra ifulkin immimn. Tirmt ad tzdi d usfuglu n asggwas amaynu amaziɣ. Tettussan tamdint n Tafrawt d idɣarn lli y'as yaẓn s tirmt ad.

## Aẓur n yism
Tkka-d taguri n *Urkimn* awal n *"Irkm"* igatt lliɣ ar nssnwa lḥbub aylliɣ gisn ikcm aman mzyan ar trxun ɣ usnu nnsn.

## Ma gis ittilin
Tirmt n Urkimn arn gis ntgga :
*Ibawn qurnin
*Asngar
*Tinaffine qurnin
*Lhimz
*Irdn
*Tumzin
*Tilintit
*Rruz
*Ifnza
D lɛtur lin ntgga :
*Zit n uzmmur
*Tisnt
*Canuj
*Hbrcaḍ
*Sanuj
*Ififl itqsn

## Manik s ayttuyskar
Ard nttasi mayad kulu negtin h y'awgdur yilin h iggi n lɛfiyt ass kulut , ukan ar nzwur mayli ichqqan aynu s wili ngganin dlhint
ar tiwutci nffid urkimn neh h yawzlaf wanna iran aras itga imik n citron.



## Tisaɣulin
Urilyus Uguṣṭinus

Ugustan n hipun niɣd  niɣd . Iga yan ɣ ifulusfn imaziɣ iɣatarn. ilul ɣ tama n taɣast ɣ tamzɣa (ɣil suq ahras ɣ tamurt n Dzyr) as n 13 novembre 354  ittumḍal ɣ 28 ɣuct 430 ɣ Hipun (ɣil Σannaba ɣ Dzayr). Ayt dars gan kullu imaziɣn mac ar ttinin masd ibbas itfr irumiyn niɣd (Afrikkic arumi), innas uhu (Tafrikkict ilillin). Ar ittara s talati nit ig yan ɣ Kkuẓ iɣatarn n tmzgida Tarumit ɣ ussan ns imzwura.  Iɣatarn ad lli igan Agrram arumi  Ugustan, Agrram Umbrwas , Agrram Jirum , Agrram Grigwar amzwaru  d 33 ṭalb n tmzgida tarumit. Ikatulikiyn ar bdda skarn tafuɣla n tamṭṭalt ns graygat as n 28 ɣuct (15 ɣuct amaziɣ). Ait uɣtuduks nttnin  aras skar n tafuɣla as n 15 yulyu (2 ɣuct amaziɣ).

## Tisaɣulin
Urrig

**Arrig niɣ d Algaz** (S Taɛrabt: غاز, s Tfransist: Gaz) iga yan waddad n tanga ur yufi yan ad t ikms s ufus, llant gigan n wanawn n urrign, kra iga t tamtta yadlli tẓḍaṛ ad tettamẓ talɣa n urrig d mayad ibidd f man tirɣi a ɣ tlla, d taskflt n uluzzu n tfulin nns, kra n urrign lan aklu d wiyyaḍ lan aḍu.    

Urrig ittyawskar s yat tgrgurt n tfulin niɣ d iblkimn lluzzanin (kuyan iga win ixf nns) ar ttmattayn s aynna ka ufan. Ɣayann a f ur iṭṭaf urrig yan ublɣ ula talɣa izgan ur d zun d tafkka tadɣrt ula tablulut. Bac ad tzri tanga ssɣ waddad ablulu s waddad algazan ixṣṣa ad as ijṛu ɣaylli s ttinin "Asmar".

Aḍu iga yan urkas n ilgazn, ig uksijin yan ssɣ imssilitn-nns.        

## Anawn n Yilgazn
Llan sin wanawn n yilgazn: 

- **Algaz n tilawt:** algaz nna ur igin zun d algaz imuccḍn,  d ura ifttu f ilugnn nns, dɣmklli immala yism nnsn, ɣwid ad ittilin ɣ twnnaḍt.... Iẓḍaṛ imil ad ig zun d kra n ulgaz imuccḍn iɣ nit tggut trɣi, idrus usadd.    

- **Algaz imuccḍn:** Yan ulgaz ur illin ɣ twnnaḍt, dars kra n ilugann nns ẓlinin ar fllatsn ifttu ɣ waddad nna illan. Llan waxxa ɣik ann kra n ilgazn da asn akmurnin zun d Ahidrujin , Uksijin, azuṭṭ, ilgazn inmɣurn (Ahilyum, Aniyyun, Argun).  

## Ilugnn

Kra iga tt algaz imuccdn (gaz parfait) ar ittḍfar kṛaḍ ilugann, hatni:  

### Alugn n buyl Maryuṭṭ

Ɣ yat tirɣi igan tamzgut (ur ar tnffil) darnɣ:

P.V = K 

• P = Asadd (Pression) 

• V = Ablɣ (Volume) 

• K = Tamzgut (constante)  

Ar ilmma ittini ulugn-ad mas d kra s ar ittidrus ublɣ n ulgaz kra s yaqqlay usadd nns.     

### Alugn n Carlz
Ɣ yan usadd igan amzgu (ur ar inffil) darnɣ:

  \frac{V}{T}=K
• V = Ablɣ (Volume)

• T = Tirɣi (Temperature) tlla s ukilvin 

• K = Tamzgut (constante)

Ar ilmma ittini ulugn-ad mas d kra s ar yaqqlay ublɣ kra s ar dis taqqlay trɣi.     

### Alugn n Usadd (Gay-Lussac)
Ɣ yan ublɣ igan amzgu darnɣ: 

\frac{P}{T}= K 

• T = Tirɣi (Temperature) tlla s ukilvin 

• P = Asadd (Pression) 

• K = Tamzgut (constante) 

Ar ilmma ittini ulugn-ad mas d kra s ar yaqqlay usadd kra s ar dis taqqlay trɣi. 

### Alugn n yilgazn muccḍnin
Ssɣ kṛaḍ n ilugann-ad lli ttyawbdarnin ḍin-d sul alugn n waddad da tn akkʷ ismunn darnɣ:

p.V=n.R.T

## Tisaɣulin
Usu

**Usu** neɣ **Asu** neɣ **Aswu** iga yan ugḍiḍ imqquṛn, gis ikklan umlil d asggan.

## Assaɣ

## Tuzduɣt

## Tasnalɣa (morphologie)

## Tisaɣulin
Uṭṭunn imaziɣn

**Uṭṭunn imaziɣn**
* 1  – ⵢⴰⵏ (yan)
* 2  – ⵙⵉⵏ (sin)
* 3  – ⴽⵕⴰⴹ (kṛaḍ)
* 4  – ⴽⴽⵓⵥ (kkuẓ)
* 5  – ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ (smmus)
* 6  – ⵚⴹⵉⵚ (ṣḍiṣ)
* 7  – ⵙⴰ (sa)
* 8  – ⵜⴰⵎ (tam)
* 9  – ⵜⵥⴰ (tẓa)
* 10 – ⵎⵔⴰⵡ (mraw)
* 11 – ⵢⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ (yan d mraw)
* 12 – ⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ (sin d mraw)
* 13 – ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ (kṛaḍ d mraw)
* 14 – ⴽⴽⵓⵣ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ (kkuz d mraw)
* 15 – ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ (smmus d mraw)
* 16 – ⵚⴹⵉⵚ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ (ṣḍiṣ d mraw)
* 17 – ⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ (sa d mraw)
* 18 – ⵜⴰⵎ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ (tam d mraw)
* 19 – ⵜⵥⴰ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ (tẓa d mraw)
* 20 – ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ (sin id mraw)
* 30 – ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ (kṛaḍ id mraw)
* 40 – ⴽⴽⵓⵣ ⵉⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ (kkuz id mraw)
* 50 – ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵉⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ (smmus id mraw)
* 60 – ⵚⴹⵉⵚ ⵉⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ (ṣḍiṣ id mraw)
* 70 – ⵙⴰ ⵉⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ (sa id mraw)
* 80 – ⵜⴰⵎⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ (tamt id mraw)
* 90 – ⵜⵥⴰⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ (tẓat id mraw)
* 100 – ⵜⵉⵎⵉⴹⵉ (timiḍi)
*  – ⵉⴼⴹ (ifḍ)

***Msmun awal n [[SGSM]] :** Msmun awal amatay asnmalay n tmaziɣt (MMSM)

## Tisaɣulin
Usman (Tarabbut)

Tarabbut n Usman tga yat ɣ trubba zwarnin s yan wanaw n umarg d uẓawan amaziɣ atrar. Anaw ad ittyawbna f imassn imaynutn, maccan ur rad iẓu d umarg aqbur mqqar t ur irwas.
## Talalit
Tra trabbut Talalit nns isggasn n ulatay wis sa n tasut 20, lli baḥra ittyussann s uffuɣ n ufgan sɣ lhul n lɣrrat nɣ d lbarud. Imnaggar d tizi n tgrawla n ufgan f mad t ittkrafn d mad t izẓmawn. Ɣik ann ad tga tmazirt n lmɣrib ɣ isggʷasn n 1960.

## Amzruy
Lliɣ ssyafan imslayn n Ugraw Lmrruk x Icnubuccn d Isnifilen n Tussna (ALIIT) (Amrec) mas d iqqan ad snnulfun imassn n twuri nnsn, swingmn ad skrn yat trabbut n uẓawan. 
### Tarabbut n Yah
Ɣ umzwaru rad ttyawskar yat tamunt ɣ illa Ali Mumen d Brahim Midran. Tamunt ad n uzawan ad ifkan tarabbut n Yah. 

Ar asggʷas n 1974, ttyuskar Yah tsat ar teskar iwizn nns zwarnin ɣ tmɣriwin, ar tettaws ɣ twuriwin yaḍnin zun d tin imḥdarn, ar gisn tettals i urarn iqburn. 
## Iwiz nns imqqurn
Ass n 29 mars ɣ usggʷas n 1975 rad tskr trabbut ad iwiz nns imqqurn ɣ Rrbat ɣ usays n Muhammad wis Smmus. 
### Tarabbut n Usman
lliɣ izri umussu ad issusm imasayn n tmsmunt, swingmn ad ssnfln ism i trabbut yacki d yan ism ilan tamatart. Mkan af as gan Usman lli irzzan tillas n yiḍ. 

Tlul trabbut ɣ llan ɣ wakud ann sdîs inaẓuṛn: Ɛmmuri Mbark d Saɛid Bijɛadn d Saɛid Butrufin d Blɛid Lɛkkaf d Tariq Lmɛrufi d Lyazid Lqurfi.

### Amuddu amzwaru
ɣ usggʷas n 1977 ɣ wussan n 5 d 6 ɣ wayyur n Brayr rat tayl usman s tmazirt n fransa, bac ad tettawz asns amzwaru ɣ lulambiyad n Bariz. Amuddu ad da rad tt ismnaggar d imrrukiyn n tmazirt n Fransa d wida baḥra yaɣ irifi n umarg Amrruki, baḥra yak gis win iclḥay n Sus.

## Tamdyazt
Lliɣ tlla trabbut, tamẓ abrid ad, tfka yan udm yaḍni i uẓawan Amaziɣ. Ɣ umzwaru, timedyazin da tettirir gant timaynutin, gant tin inḍḍamn da ttaranin amarg yaḍni, amarg n tirra zun d igllin Ɛli Azayku, d igllin n G Ugctim, d Uxyat, d Lmstawi. ɣ mnid yaḍni, Usman ur ar ttirirn s Tclḥit ka, irirn kra n igzzumn s trifiyt d tmaziɣt n wammas. Ran s mayad ad ṛẓn iwtta ngr tantaliwin n wawal Amaziɣ. Ɣmklli daɣ cckcmn imassn imaynutn, fkn yan wudm yaḍni i tiyyt Tamaziɣt. 

Lliɣ d sul ur mcuckin igmamn n tarbbut d kra ɣ igmamn n ugraw lliɣ tlul, tbḍa trabbut. Ḍffṛ mayad, llan ɣwilli gisn laḥ ilin kra ɣ inaẓuṛn da iḍfṛn aɣaras nns zun d Ɛmmuri Mbark d Blɛid Lɛkkaf.

## Tisaɣulin
Tuṛuft

**Tuṛuft** niɣ d **Uṛubba** (s Tinglizit: **Europe,** s Tɛrabt: أوروبا) tga yat ɣ sat Tmnẓiwin n umaḍal. Nttat ad kullu gisnt illan ɣ uzgn agafay n twjja tanakalt, tili taggat nns ɣ uzgn n iming. Igli tt ɣ ugafa ugaru Arkti, ɣ utaram Agaru Anaṭlaṣ, ɣ iffus illa as yilel Agrakal, d tmnẓawt n Wasya ɣ iming. Tssar Tuṛuft d Wasya yat tskka n wakal mi ismn Uṛasya, tili daɣ ɣ Afṛu-Urasya d Ifriqya d Asya. Ar ttinin is tbḍa d Asya s idrarn n Uṛal d iɣzr n Ural, d Ilell n Qzwin d idrarn n Quqaz d Ilell Asggan d igṛḍan n Turkya.

Tɣʷi Tuṛuft kra n 10,186,000 km² n isimna, niɣ d 2% sɣ isimna n wakal, ɣayad ad gis iskrn tamnẓawt tis snat s tmẓi. Ɣ igr n tsrtit, tbḍa tmnẓawt ad f 50 n tmizar. Rusya ad akkʷ gisnt imqquṛn, teṭṭaf 39% sɣ isimna n tmnẓawt, d 15% sɣ imzdaɣn nns. Ilkm wuṭṭun n imzdaɣn n Tuṛuft kra n 745 mlyun ɣ 2021 (ini 10% iɣ imzdaɣn n umaḍal); tucka d ɣ wis kraḍ n idawn tiɣrdin Asya d Tafriqt. Anzwi n Urupa ar gis iffal usttif anaṭlaṣ yulban, ayad ar yakka yan unzwi ur ijfin ɣ tagrst d unbdu, ɣ tuggt n tmnẓawt. Kra ar nttaggug ilel, kra ar ttyawmnadn imzarayn n imirn, ar ittili yan unzwi amnẓaw uggar.

Tadlsa n Tuṛuft tsmun mnnawt tdlsiwin tinamurin d tisgawanin, lli ganin iẓuṛan imuẓẓann n tɣrma tutrimt tanflayt. Tadlsiwin ad ar d nit ttiwrrint s Ndi-yunan d Ṛuma n zikk, slawan akkʷ s imḍfarn nnsnt ɣ imasiḥn, gin ilmma zun d iẓuṛan ttyawdranin. Issnti s taḍuṛi n Tmnukda Taṛumanit Tutrimt ɣ usggʷas n 476, assikl n tmasiḥit ɣ Tuṛuft yiwi s uzmz Anammas naf-aklassik d mayad izri ɣ uzmz n izwagn. Tankra Taṭalyanit tkka mnnawt tmizar n tuṛuft tutrimt, tccucka d ixf nns d waddad adɣran, tfk talalit i mnnaw irzuzɣiwn inamurn.

Tanfgant lli daɣ ittyawsnayn tdum taẓuṛi d twssna, ig yan sɣ imntiln lli issiwsn ɣ ummutti s uzmz atrar. Sɣ uzmz n ifitn lli s tzwar Sbanya d ubrtqiz, tsmd Tuṛuft yat twuri imqquṛn ɣ tɣawsiwin timaḍlanin s mnnaw wannagn d islakn ɣ umaḍal. Gr tasut tis 16 d tis 20, sdurrint tiffaɣ tinuṛufin id mirikan s sin, d tuggt n idɣarn ɣ Tfriqt d Usyanya, d umaka n Wasya.

Azmz n Tfawin d Tgrawla Tafransist, d Imnɣitn n Napoléon glin udm n tmnẓawt ɣ igr n twssna d tsrtit d tdamsa sɣ tigira n tasut tis 17 ar azgn amzwaru n tasut tis 19. Tagrawla Tamgurant da issntin ɣ ibr-Briṭanya ɣ tigira n tasut tis 18, tssnti zziɣ d yan unfal aẓuṛan ɣ tdamsa, d twssna, d wamun ur d ka ɣ Tuṛuft n utaram maccan ɣ umaḍal akkʷ. Imnɣitn imaḍlann s sin nkrn, zrin s ma iggutn ɣ Tuṛuft, ɣaylli yiwin, ɣ tuẓẓumt n tasut tis 20, s taḍuṛi n tnbaḍt n Tuṛuft n Utaram f tɣawsiwin timaḍlanin. Ɣ wakud ann ad tbuɣla Tamunt Tasubyant d Iwunak mullinin, mcalan f tirni tasnwngamt d manwa a rad dar yili iḍiṣ agraɣlan iggutn ɣ Tuṛuft d umaḍal. Imnɣi ikrmn lli d sul imaln, ibḍa tt f tiɣzi n usddul n wuzzal, illa NATO ɣ Utaram, tili turfa n Waṛṣu ɣ wiming, Tibḍit tmda s tgrawliwin n 1989, d taḍuṛi n imiri n Birlin, d unfruzzi n Tamunt Tasubyant, ɣaylli iggʷran s uzmyazday n Tuṛuft, iggʷra d nit s yan urdudz imqquṛn.

Izzigz uzmyazday n Tuṛuft s tɣarast tadusturit sɣ usggʷas n 1948 s ussrsl n ugraw n Tuṛuft, ula s umulli anuṛuf (EU) bahra, ig ɣwalli issnbgarn ɣassad taggat n tmizar n tmnẓawt.

## Timizar

## Tisuɣal
Fulṭir

**Fulṭir** (ism nns anṣli iga t **François-Marie Arouet**) ikka tt inn iga amsflsaf afransis. Ilul d asggʷas n 1694 ɣ Poitou, imqqur nn gis. Immut ɣ Bariz asggʷas n 1778.

Ur yadlli iḥmil Fulṭir Fransa n uzmz nns, iɣal is tt ifel uzmz. Ula talkanist ur tt yadlli iḥmil ; middn dars ixssa tn ad afn ad flsn ɣ aynna ran. Tadimukrasiyt ɣd nttat ur tt yadlli iḥmil ; tamazirt dars iqqan d ad tt inbḍ yan ugllid idusn ilan tamusni. Iddr Fulṭir ɣ uzwag nns ɣ Nngliz kraḍ isggʷasn zɣ 1726 ar 1729.

## Tisaɣulin
Warzazat

Tga **Warzazat** (s tmaziɣt : ⵡⴰⵔⵣⴰⵣⴰⵜ, s tɛrabt : ورزازات, s tfransist d tutlayin yaḍn : Ouarzazate) yat tiɣrmt illan ɣ tsga n Dra-Tafilalt ɣ iffus anammas n tmazirt n Lmɣrib. Ar as ttinin " Taggurt n tanẓruft " acku tqrrb nit i tnẓruft. Tlla tiɣrmt ad gr idrarn n Waṭlas mqqurn d tanẓruft, ɣayad ast yujjan ad tili s yat tuttuyt ilkmn ar 1151 m i yill. Ar ittini usiḍn lli ittyuskar ɣ usggʷas n 2014 mas tiɣrmt ad zdɣn gis 71,067 umzdaɣ d 15,475 n tawjiwin.

Tettuysan Warzazat s tamallayt, tga yat tiɣrmt nna d bahra tkkan irumiyn iɣ d uckan s tmazirt n Lmɣrib. Tama nns nit tlla yan iɣrm bahra ittawsan ig akk UNESCO World Heritage Site, Iɣrm ad iga tt iɣrm n Ayt Bn Ḥddu.

Tettawssan tiɣrmt ad ula s studyuwat n laflam lli gis illan. Kigan n laflan mqqurnin n Marikan ula win umaḍal tettuyṣwarn d tettuytmtaln ɣ ammas n tiɣrmt ad zun d  matalan: *[[Lawrence of Arabia (film)|Lawrence of Arabia]]* (1962), *[[The Man Who Would Be King (film)|The Man Who Would Be King]]* (1975), *[[The Living Daylights]]* (1987), *[[The Last Temptation of Christ (film)|The Last Temptation of Christ]]* (1988), *[[The Mummy (1999 film)|The Mummy]]* (1999), *[[Gladiator (2000 film)|Gladiator]]* (2000), *[[Kingdom of Heaven (film)|Kingdom of Heaven]]* (2005), *[[Kundun]]* (1997), *[[Legionnaire (film)|Legionnaire]]* (1998), *[[Hanna (film)|Hanna]]* (2011), *[[The Hills Have Eyes (2006 film)|The Hills Have Eyes]] (2006)*, and *[[Salmon Fishing in the Yemen]]* (2011) ṣwrn-tn d ɣid, ula yat lpartya n lmuslsal bahra ittawsan ad t igan *[[Game of Thrones]]*.

## Aẓur n yism
Ikkatinn udɣar lli ɣ tlla Warzazat iga s yism *Tamɣzezt* . Amma Warzazat lli igan ism nns ɣila tga yan wawal amaziɣ ibḍa s snat tguriwin ad-tn-t igan: *War*  d *Zazat,* s unamk n " Bla n Ṣḍaɛ " zɛma tiɣrmt ad ur gis illi ṣḍaɛ.

ili ma ittinin mas aẓuṛ n ism ad igat **War Zzallat** s unamk n *Walu timukrisin g tmazirt ad *. Acku taguri **War** g tmaziɣt dars anamk n **ur illi**.

## Asnmkta
Ar ittini usiḍn lli ittyuskar ɣ usggʷas n 2014 mas:

### Aslmd
* Asɣl n taqubbanit  : 16,8%
* Asɣl n imzdaɣ lli iɣran ar usinan n usmdi nɣd uggar  : 26,5%

### Tadamsa
* Asɣl n imzdaɣ lli llan ɣ isggasn nnsn n twuri  : 47,2%
* Asɣl n tarwuri (middn lli ur ṭṭafn tawuri)  : 17,9%
* Asɣl n imzdaɣ lli swurin dar lmxzn (nɣ kantin swurin gis)  : 30,6%
* Asɣl n imzdaɣ lli swurin ɣ uslig (nɣ kantin swurin gis)  : 41,6%

## Anzwi
Illa ɣ Warzazat yan unzwi bahra iḥman acku tqrrb nit i tanẓruft tamɣrabit lli yad ittuyssan s unzwi nns icqqan iḥman ɣ usggwas kullut. Ɣ tiɣrmt ad ar ttili tafukt icqqan ɣ unbdu d uṣmmiḍ ɣ tagrst.

## Tiwlafin

OuarzazateStreet.jpg|Yat tsukt ɣ Warzazat
OuarzazateKasbah.jpg|Agadir n ayt Bnḥaddu
BeautifulKasbah.jpg|Agadir Aksar
100_Oasis_du_Fint.JPG|Oasis du Fint
093_Oasis_du_Fint.JPG|Oasis du Fint
Ouarzazate.jpg|Agadir n Tawrirt
Ouarzazate_Medina.JPG|Warzazat iɣrm aqbur
|Rcum n Atlas Studios


## Tisaɣulin


## Ɣaylli sis izdin