Tutlayt Tamaziɣt Tamzwarut

Tutlayt **tamaziɣt taqqburt** nɣ **tamaziɣt tamzwarut** (s tanglizt: -{Proto-Berber, Proto-Libyan}-) tga yat tutlayt tazaykut, nttat a zɣ d ffɣnt tutlayin timaziɣin lli iddrn ass ad. Tkka tt inn tga yat tutlayt tafrusyawit, ayann a f gant tutlayin timaziɣin lli d zgis ffɣnin istis n ɛmmis n tutlayt tamiṣrit d tutlayin tikuciyin d tutlayin tisamiyin d tutlayin titcadiyin d tutlayin tumuṭiyin.

## Amzruy
Tṭṭaf tutlayt Tamaziɣt Tamzwarut kra n tɣawsiwin nna ur illin ɣ tutlayin tifrusyawiyin yaḍnin, macc tutlayin timaziɣin n ɣil ad mmrwasnt bahra ɣ ingratsn. Tbayn d tutlayt tamaziɣt tamzwarut ɣar 3000 isggʷasn aya mqqar tbḍa f Tutlayin tifrusyawiyint gr 9000 d 10,000 n isggʷasn aya. Iɣ d-nucka ad nẓṛ mad tettini tussna n usmzazal n tutlayin d umzruy, rad imassann nnan mas tzri tutlayt ad f sin tikliwin n tmhazt, ad tn igan:

* Tamaziɣt tamzwarut **1** (**-{PB1}-**) nna yumann kra n 7000 n isggʷasn aya.
* Tamaziɣt tamzwarut **2** (**-{PB2}-**) tad tga illis n (**PB1**), d nttat a ɣ d uckant akkʷ tutlayin timaziɣin lli sul illan ɣil-ad.

Ɣ tasut tis 30 dat n tlalit n Ɛisa, bḍan middn lli sawalnin s tmaziɣt tamzwarut ɣ tfriqt n ugafa gr Lmɣrib d Miṣra. Ɣ tasut tis 10 dat ad iggz Ɛisa, ijṛa yan ttawassuɛ yaḍn nttan ad aɣ iskrn ma mi nttini ɣila igdudn imaziɣn lli nn izmmimn ɣ dar irumiyn. Ijra ttawassuɛ iggʷran ɣ yifḍ d kra ḍart Ɛisa, lliɣ nnucgn imuzaɣ nɣ itwargiyn lli yumẓn ɣila tanzruft imqqurn n tfriqt lli mi nttini Ṣṣaḥra.

### Allas n tuṣka
Allas n tuṣka n iẓmuẓẓal iqqburn n tmaziɣt ibidd f usmzazal d tutlayin tifrsyawanin yaḍnin ɣ mnnaw iẓmuẓẓal, ibdd daɣ f usmzazal gr timzarayin n tutlayin timaziɣin titrarin nɣ d tmacaɣt nna igan, ɣ tannayt n kra n imrzutn zun d Prasse, tamzarayt lli bahra yaryn timẓlay n tmaziɣt tamzwarut.

### Tasnmslit
Ɣ wallas n tuṣka n Kaṛl G. Pras d Martn Kuṣman, tamaziɣt tamzwarut kkan tt inn dars kraḍ iɣritn gzzulnin /ă/, /ĭ/, /ŭ/ d kkuẓ ɣzzifnin /ā/, /ī/, /ū/ d /ē/. Tugdutin nnsn ɣ tmaziɣt tatrart:

Tṭṭaf Tɣdimst d Tmacɣt yan uɣri yaḍnin /o/ nna irwas is iga tazzigzt zɣ /u/ s tmsasit n uɣri ɣ Tmacɣt, tkk d *aʔ ɣ Tɣdimst.

### Tirgalin
Da ittals Kuṣman tuṣka i trgalin n Tmaziɣt Tamzwarut:

Mkda iga lḥal g tmaziɣin titrarin, tugt n trgalin n tmaziɣt tamzwarut ṭṭafnt tugdut tamsasit tussidt, gin imslitn *β d *ʔ islidn waḥdu tn.

Ɣ amant trgalin *ɟ d *g ẓlint g kra n tutlayin tijanatin:

Ɣmk ann d kra n *c n Tmaziɣt Tamzwarut lli ittggan *k* ɣ kra n tutlayin ur ginin n Tijanatin, ig *š* ɣ Tjanat (maca llan mnnawt tugdutin tirluganin).

S umdya, *căm* "kmm (unti asuf)" ar ittaɣul *šəm*. (Asnfl ad ar ittjṛu ɣ Tnfust d Tsiwit dɣ nttnti).

ɣ tutlayin Timaziɣin tigmuḍanin:

* dˤ → tˤ

**-əβ* ɣ tmaziɣt taqqburt yaɣul d *-i* ɣ Tjanat (Taznatit). S umdya, **arəβ* "ara" ar ittaɣul *ari*. (Asnlf ad ar ittjṛu ɣ kra n tmzarayin n waṭlas anammas, slawant akkʷ tantala n Iẓiyyan, ɣ Infusn d Tsiwit.)

Ɣar Taɣdimst d Twilant ka ad yaryn afunim n tmaziɣt tamzwarut *β am β; Ɣ tmaziɣin yaḍnin, ar tettaɣul *h* nɣ tafuḍ.

## Ẓṛ uggar

* Tifinaɣ
* Tutlayin timaziɣin
* Tutlayin tifrusyawiyin

#### Tinidlisn
* -{Allati, Abdelaziz (2002). *Diachronie tamazighte ou berbere* (en francés). Publications de L'Universite Abdelmalek Essaâdi. p. 296. .}-
* -{Blench, R. (2006). *Archaeology, language, and the African past*. Rowman Altamira. p. 361. .}-
* -{Boukouss, Ahmed (2009). *[https://web.archive.org/web/20131126073916/http://www.ircam.ma/doc/publica/phonologie_amazighe_2009.pdf Phonologie de l'amazigh]*. Institut Royal de la Culture Amazigh. p. 445. . Archivado desde el original el 26 de noviembre de 2013.}-
* -{Ehret, Christopher (1995). *Reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic (Proto-Afrasian): vowels, tone, consonants, and vocabulary*. University of California Press. p. 557. .}-
* -{Heath, Jeffrey (2005). *A grammar of Tamashek (Tuareg of Mali)*. Walter de Gruyter. p. 745. .}-
* -{Heine, Bernd; Derek Nurse (2000). *African languages: an introduction*. Cambridge University Press. p. 396. .}-
* -{Kossmann, Maarten (2001a), «L'origine du vocalisme en zénaga de Mauritanie», en Ibriszimow, Dymitr; Vossen, Rainer, eds., *Etudes berbères*, pp. 89-95}-
* -{Kossmann, Maarten (2001b), «The Origin of the Glottal Stop in Zenaga and its Reflexes in the other Berber Languages», *Afrika und Übersee* **84**: 61-100}-
* -{König, Christa (2008). **'. Oxford University Press. p. 343. <small></small>.}-
* -{Prasse, Karl G. (1972-1974). ''Manuel de grammaire touarègue (tăhăggart)'' **3'''. Copenhagen.}-

#### Izdayn n brra

* -{Proto-Berber etymologies (Alexander Militarev)}-
* -{Berber languages and Berber peoples: genetic and linguistic diversity}-
* -{Berber languages}- — -{PDF (4.2 MB)}-
* -{Proto-Berber kindship words}- — -{PDF (23.8 KB)}-
## Tisaɣulin


## Ɣaylli sis izdin

*