open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ryyu Di Janirru

**Ryyu Di Janirru** niɣ d ɣar **Ryyu** (Rio De Janeiro) tga yat tmdint ɣ Ubṛaẓil d tis snat n tmdinin ɣ timmuɣra nns, a ɣar Saw Pawlu ka ad tt issurfn ɣ wuṭṭun n mddn. Tili ɣ iffus agmmuḍ n tmazirt ann, Tg yat ssɣ tmdinin akkʷ fulkinin ɣ ddunit, tilit nns ɣ gr idrarn d taganin nnsn ɣ yat tsga d yill n ugaru Aṭlanṭi ɣ tsga yaḍni, amlal imlluln nns ula tayniwin attuynin ar akkan i tɣrmt-ad yat tamuɣlit bahra ifjjijn, ur as tt ittkkis tuggt n utaras da gis illan.

Tettyawssan tmdint s yan unmuggar mqqurn ar as ttinin "Kanival"  ar ittkka kkuẓ n wussan, d ar ittili ɣ tizi n talddrar, tettyawssan daɣ s udrar n lqalb n ṣṣkaṛ (Sugarloaf Mountain) lliɣ illa ɣ uflla nns yan usfris n lmasiḥ s iɣalln nnuṛẓmnin d ittaggʷan s tmdint. 

## Ism
**Ryyu Di Janirru** ikka d Tabrtqizit "Rio de Janeiro" lli dar illa unamk n "Wasif n Yinnayr".

## Tisaɣulin
Pablu Pikassu

**Pablu Pikassu** (Ktubr 1881 - Bril 1973) iga yan unaẓur Asblyuniy yu-s n unaẓuṛ, ig bab n yan waddur mqqurn, ilul ɣ Malaga, d lliɣ ilkm 15 n usggʷas iga yad yan unaẓuṛ aḥrayfi, s twisi n babas yadlli, ittyawssan uggar s tikʷlutin nns, iswuri daɣ f usram, f ussunɣ. Issnflul yan ustiyl amaynu n tẓuṛi, ism as "Akyubizm" (Cubism), ɣ ustiyl-ad, ar issunuɣ Pablu mddn d imudar d tɣawsiwin yaḍni s talɣiwin n imkkuẓn d imkṛaḍn. 

Ɣ usggʷas n 1904, Rad sul izug s Fransa ɣilli ɣ rad ismd ma iɣaman ɣ tudrt nns, immut lliɣ dars tlla 91 n usggʷas.

## Iẓmmuẓẓal ɣ Tudrt nns
1881 - ilul ɣ Malaga assf n 25 n Ktubr 

1896 - Rad ikcm tinml n tẓuṛiwin fulkinin n Baṛcaluna. ￼

1904 - Rad immatti s Bariz ad gis izdɣ s yat tklit.  

1937 - Rad iṛṣm tannid akkʷ dars yufn lli mi ism "Girnika" f wudm n yimiɣ agʷnsan n Ṣṣblyun.   

1961 - Rad iskr zzman nns d yat Tfransist "Jaklin Ṛukk", assf n 2 Mars. 

1979 - Tamttant nns lliɣ as iqqn yan uẓuṛ ɣ turin, mayad ɣ Mugans. 

## Tiwuriwin nns
Ifl Pikassu mad nit iggutn d taysi, ssɣ tilli rad nbdr:

• Girnika (1937)

• Tawargit (1932)

• Awssar igan Agiṭaṛist (1904)

• Tudrt (1903) 

• Agayyu n uzgr (1942)

• Sin wactal ar aqqran

• Atbir n ufra (1949) 

• Ahiyyaḍ (1905) 

• Ḍun Kiccut (1955)

• Timɣarin n Ddzayr (1955) 

• Assudm (1925) 

• Timɣarin n ufinyun (1907)

## Tisaɣulin
Tasnniɣt n Lufr

Tga **tsnniɣt n Lufr** (s tfransist: *Musée du Louvre*) yan ɣ wansatn bahra ttawssannin ɣ fṛanṣa, ar t id twatasn imallayn n umaḍal akkʷ ( 7 800 000 n unrzuf ɣ 2022).

Tlla tsnniɣt ɣ usuk n "Rivuli" ɣ tɣrmt n bariz, ikk tt inn iga yadlli ibrgmmi n kra n ugllid ɣ igldan n fṛanṣa .

iggut mad izrin f tuṣka ad bahra ixatrn, igutnt tdyanin gis issarn zg 1187 lliɣ bḥra ittawṣka,  ar 1793 lliɣ ṛẓmnt tggura nns i ugdud tiklit tamzwarut, ilmma ig asalay imqquṛn.
asayrar n ibrgmmi n "louvre" gis 360 000 m²
asalay s isaragn nns d iɣgʷmmin gis 72 735 m², yuma -{"louvre"}- mad itggan 36 000 n tnafutin tiqburin walanin i tɣrma tanfgant, zud tin miṣṛa d ṛruman d lfuṛṣ d liɣriq d lislam d tugtt n tɣrmiwin yaḍnin.

Iɣ tkcmt s tsnniɣt n "louvre" ar tlulluyt ɣ isaragn nns d iɣgʷmmin nns ar tettɣalt is ar taqrat kra n udlis n umzruy, d is taɣult s izmaz iqburn, tddrt nn gisn.

immra ad tsmdt arzaf nnk i usalay ɣ 2 tsragin d 3 d 4, acku immuzza bahra, igutnt tnafutin gis ittawfsarn.
ar gis ttnzifliln midn s timmaḍ, ar aqqlayn, ar tgguzn d iskʷfal, maca tanafut akkʷ bahra tn issusamn ar tɣawaln ad tt ẓṛin tga tt Ljukanḍa (*-{la Joconde}-*) yusin tawlaft n Muna Liza (Lisa Gherardini) , iskr tt unaẓuṛ aṭalyani Lyunarḍu Davintci (*Leonard de Vinci*) ɣ 1503, tili ɣ Lufr zg 1797.
Tmẓẓi tflwit nns, gis 77 cm / 53 cm , mac atig nns ixatr bahra. ittawẓlay as yan usarag ifulkin, ilint fllas tiḍaf.

iggut wawal f usalay n Lufr d tumayt nns. yan d ikkan fṛanṣa ur t id ikki zun d ur ikki mani.

## Tisaɣulin
Asif n Udanub

**Asif n Udanub** niɣ d **Asif n Danub** iga yan ɣ yisaffn akkʷ ssugrnin ɣ tuẓẓumt n Uruppa, ar d ittkka adrar n tagant isggann ɣ iffus utrim n Waliman tama n yat tiɣrmt imẓẓiyn lli s ttinin Ḍunawcingn, ar ilkkm ɣ tɣzi nns ,yat 2850km d usfi nns illa ɣ yill asggan, s ɣik ann rad ig asif wis sin ɣ tɣzi ɣ uruppa dffir asif n Vulga ɣ Rusya, ar izggr wasif-ad mnnawt n tmizar zun d tin Waliman, d Yinmsawn, d Yisluvak, d Yihnɣarn, d Yikrwatn, d Yiṣiṛbiyyn, d Ayt Muntinigru d Yiblɣarn d Yirumaniyn d Ukraniyn. Ar d ittagm aman ssɣ kra n talatin lli gis ttffin zun d Sava, Drava, Tisza. 

Ssɣ yan uzmz imaṭln, ikka tt inn wasif-ad iga yan ubrsaka (asaka mqqurn) n waman, ig ɣ yat tizi awttu n Tmnukda Taṛmmuyt, ig daɣ yan ifrig ittraran azzaɣn n Yirusiyyn, ijrmaniyn, iturkiyyn, Inmsawn d irumaniyn.

Iɣ ingi wasif-ad ar iskar tuggt n tmukrisin, acku llant ɣ tama nns gigan d tɣmiwin d iḍuṛan munin dis ɣ akkʷ tiɣzi nns, kra n igzman n wasif-ad ar sgrisn ɣ tagrst, idra wasif-ad ɣ tuṣkka n tɣrmiwin d tdlsiwin n tamttiwin da zdɣnin ɣ tama nns.  

## Tisaɣulin
Nayrubi

**Nayrubi** tga tamaẓunt n Kinya d tɣrmt akkʷ irwwjn ɣ Tfirqt tagmmuḍt, tg yat tuẓẓumt n ibankn d tsbbabt. Ɣ wammas n tɣrmt-ad llant gigan d tuṣkiwin titrarin. Tamdint zdɣn gis kra n 3,5 n umlyun n yan, mayad f ussiḍn n 2007.  

Ar d srs ttackan inrzifn acku tlla gis turtit n tmazirt lli idln yat 114km² n yikalln ṛẓmnin d ɣilli ɣ llant ma inyanawn ɣ yimudar ur gridnin zun d yizmawn d yiẓnkaḍ d yigrzamn d yilwan d yimddɣn.

## Amzruy
Tssnti tmdint-ad ɣ usggʷas n 1890 ɣ ufus n usddurri Abṛiṭani lliɣ ira ad ɣinn izzri yan ccmandiffir, iwin d tismt nns ssɣ dar ugdud n Masay d lli iskrn adwal s "waman ṣmmiḍnin". 

## Tisaɣulin
Kambudya

**Kmbudya** tga yat tgldit ɣ usammr iyffus n Wasya (Ɣ Linduccin) asarag nns ilkm 180.000Km², tg tmaẓunt nns tɣrmt n Pnum Pin, izaɣarn d yisaffn kkan f trakalt nns, sin imdwan umẓn tuẓẓumt nns, yan imqqurn d yan imẓẓiyn. Tdra iwtta nns d Fyitnam (ɣ iffus nns) d Ulawṣ (Ɣ uẓẓlmḍ nns) d Ṭaylanḍ (Ɣ usammr nns) d Uẓla Avitnami (Ɣ umalu nns).    

Tkkusa tmazirt-ad yat tmnukda ar as ttinin "**Tamnukda n Xmir**", tssn daɣ yan yimiɣ uɣrim mqqurn ddu tgrumma tasrtant n Xmirruj lli tt inbḍn ɣ gr 1975 d 1979. Imma imzdaɣn n tmazirt hati lkmn attayn n 16.493.000 n yan, amaka nnsn  ḍfṛn asgd n Buda d ar sawaln s yat tutlayt da s ttinin Xmir.        

Tamazirt ad illa gis wansa asgdan akkʷ mqqurn ɣ umzruy n tiffugna illa ɣ tuẓẓumt n taganin d uckanin ɣ tɣrmt n Wangkur Wat lli igan ul animan ikkatn n Tmnukda idusn n Xmir, ig akkʷ yan ɣ gr sa imḍiṛn n ddunit.

## Kra n tisura ɣ umzruy nns
Issnti nit umzruy n Kmbudya d yan ugdud ism asn Xmir lli zugnin s tmazirt-ad n Kambudya ssɣ iffus n ccinwa d ugafa n lhnd kra n 2000 n isggʷasn zwar tlalit nttni ad igan ɣwilli rad bnun tamnukda n Xmir lli ikkan sɣ 802 ar 1431 daṛat tlalit ɣaylli ittinin is tumẓ tamt n tasutin ɣ tgldit, imma tizi lli tlkm ixf n timmuɣra nns hati tsmun d akkʷ timizar n Kmbudya d Uṭaylanḍ d Ulawṣ d iffus n Vitnam, d rad nit gis tflujju tizi ɣ tasut 12.          

F wansa nns lli tumẓ ɣ Landucin tsɣama tmnukda ad yat tzdayt idusn d Lhnd, ɣaylli ifaṣṛn iḍiṣ mqqurn da tla lhnd ɣ usgd d tdlsa d tiram n Xmir. Tga tmdint n Wangkur tamaẓunt n tmnukda-ad lli ibiddn f wasif n Mikung lli igan wis sa ɣ tɣzi ɣ ddunit.

Ilmma rad tḍṛ tmazirt ad ddu ufus n usddurri Afransis ɣ usggʷas 1863, lliɣ ittr yan ugllid  tiwisi d tarayt sɣ dar Fransa acku ikṣuḍ tukya n ugdud Aṭaylanḍi f tmazirt nns, awa ur daɣ umẓn tidrfi nnsn ar isggʷasn n smmust tmrawin n tasut tis 20. Kra n isggʷasn drusnin rad tcckcm tgrumma n Xmirruj tamazirt n Kambudya ɣ yan imiɣ uɣrim lli rad iskr yan ubbaj i tmazirt, d rad yawi tudrt i 1,5 n umlyun n mddn.
## Tisaɣulin
Tutlayt Tasanskritt

**Tasanskritt** tga yat tutlayt Tahndit d Tanipalit ikcmn ɣ twja n tutlayin indu-raniyn lli igan s yixf nns yat talat ɣ twja imqqurn n tutlayin indu-ruppiyn da ismunen ula Tagrikit d Tṛmmuyt d Tjṛmanit. 

Tutlayt-ad tga bahra taqburt, tddr mnnaw n wafḍan n isggʷasn, tg ula yat tutlayt tafuẓaṛt ɣ usgd Ahindus, d ar ttɣaln is d Bṛahma ad tt iskrn isslmd tt i ayt wakal, ɣayann af as zdin ism n "Sam skrit" (Kra imuccdn),  tutlayt-ad tlla ḥtta ɣ usgd Abuday, d Usixiy, d Ujayni. Mqqar drusn ɣwilli srs sawalnin ɣikk-ad, waxxa ɣik-ann ar nit tettyawxdam ɣ tɣri n idlisn ifuẓarn. 

Kra n 24821 n yan ad sul isawaln tutlayt-ad.

## Askkil
Askkil akkʷ ittyawssann i tutlayt-ad iga Divanagari, lli sul igan win tirra n tutlayin n ugafa n Yindya. Askkil-ad icqqa i tirra ur d zun d win Yifiniqn, acku ur ar issxdam id llif, ar issxdam angraw n tfirin. 

## Kra n tguriwin lkmnt Taclḥit
• Imalaya = ɣilli ɣ iklla utfl. 

• Buda = Wad ifrkn.

• Yuga = Tamunt. 

## Tisaɣulin
Bṛahma

**Bṛahma** iga yan wakuc Ahindus, ig yan ɣ id ɣaylli mi aqqran ihndusn s **Trimurti**, ad tt igan d kṛaḍ n id wakuc lli akkʷ ssugrnin ɣ usgd Ahindus, d ku yan gitsn ila tawwuri nns; illa **Civa** (ɣwalli ixllun), yili **Vicnu** (Anfrag, ɣwalli isɣaman tiɣawsiwin), yagur d **Bṛahma** lli igan amattay nnsn d nttan ad isnfluln amɣrud d kullu kra gis illan, ig daɣ bab n twssna d bab n warratn iqburn zun d **Vida** , arra afuẓaṛ lli akkʷ iṭṭafn atig dar ihndusn.

## Asala nns
Ɣaln kra n ihndusn is d Bṛahma ilul ɣ yat tglayt n wurɣ, ɣaln daɣ wiyyaḍ is ikka yat tjddigt n ullutus, ilin imil akkʷ s ugʷri mas d lliɣ inulfa, inulfa s kkuẓ n iguyya, d kkuẓ n ifassn, d kra iga t agayyu d ufus darsn yan unamk ittyawssann.
Agayyu nna iṭṭaf Bṛahma ar issmnid yat tnqqiṭṭ da f ibidd uswingm, yat "Yuga" niɣ d yat "Vida":

*  **Budi** win ufrak. 

*  **Ahamkara** win irixf. 

*  **Manas** win iman. 

*  **Sitta** win twssna.

Bṛahma ittyawmnad is iɣʷi s ifassn nns kkuẓ n imassn ar ttinin ihndusn is d nttni a s iskr Bṛahma ddunit :

* **Kamandalu** tasɣmut n tudrt. 

* **Akmasala** taẓayrt n wakud. 

* **Puctaka** adlis n Vida. 

*  **Sruva** taɣnjawt n tfaska.

### Tisaɣulin
Maykl Djaksun

**Maykl Juzif Djaksun** ilul ɣ Ɣuct 1958 ɣ Gari (tawankt n Wandyana) immut assf n 25 Yunyu 2009 ɣ Lus Anjlus (tawankt n Kalifurnya) iga anaẓuṛ Amirikani, amsiys d umarir d unḍḍam, ar fllas ttinin "Agllid n Upup" acku ilkm ɣaylli jju ur ilkim kra n umarir yaḍni ɣ ubdar d tsusnt d tmsaɣt n tassfifin, tsul tzzigizt nns kkuẓt n tmrawin n isggʷasn. 
## Tabyugrafit
Iga wis sa ɣ yat twja n tza n wactaln, issnti zikk tazzigizt nns lliɣ dars tlla 11 n usggʷas mayad d trabbut n "Jakson Five"  (Jaksun Smmus) ur ixdim waḥdu t ar 1971, rad issufɣ kra n irirn macc ur rad as nit ṛẓmnt tiggura n umurs ar 1979 kud lli issufɣ tirirt n "*Off the wall*" ig anaẓuṛ izwarn lli yutn kkuẓ n Tup 10 n irirn s yan walbum. fadd s "*Thrailler*" lli rad ig amzwaru lli akkʷ inzan ɣ wakud nns s 45 n umlyun n tunɣilin ɣ ussutl n umaḍal, ilmma issufɣ "*Bad*' ɣ 1989 mqqar ur  ilkim uṭṭun n tunɣilin nzanin zun d' "*Thrailler*" waynni yut sul yan umurs war anggu. 

ɣ tizwiri n 90's, immatti nn s yan umttul mqqurn ila uggar n yifḍ n uhktar issaɣ as ism n "Neverland" izwwq t inn s imudar d tsurarin. izzri daɣ yan isrsl n tnfalin ɣ wudm nns d inzar nns, ula ɣ yilm nns, irur tn s kra n tmukrisin n yilm, ɣ usggʷas n 1993, yiwi tumla is ikrfs kra n ufrux, imal n usggʷas ann rad itahl d Mari Prisliy macc dɣya lkmn uluf. itahl daɣ ɣ 1996 Dibura Ruwi lli dis yurun sin wactaln Brans d Bariz, iṛẓm as ɣ 1999. 

Ɣ 25 Yunyu n usggʷas 2009, immut Maykl Djaksun ɣ Lus Anjlus lliɣ dars tlla 50 n usggʷas, kra n imalasn hlli zwar yan ulmuggar ira gis ad ig "win adwal" s ugdud nns, ar ɣilad ur ta bbin ɣ ma iga amntil da s immut.

## Tisaɣulin
Addis Ababa

**Addis Ababa** tga tamaẓunt n tmazirt n Yityupya  d tɣrmt nns akkʷ imqqurn, tga yat ɣ tɣrmiwin ssugrnin ɣ Tfriqt, tufa adɣar nns ɣ tuẓẓumt n Ityupya ɣ iffus n idrarn n Yinṭuṭu, bbin tt kra n yiɣzran dranin, d gigan d taddagin n ukalitus ar gis ttmɣaynt.

Ɣinn a ɣ illa udɣar n tnmalayt n tamunt Tafriqit (AU), illa nit ma ittinin is d nttat ad igan tamaẓunt tasrtant n Tfrit, tg daɣ yan uẓẓum ansbbab mqqurn, yili gis yan ɣ igadazn ṛẓmnin akkʷ usɛanin ɣ tmnẓawt, agadaz-ad ism as "Mirkaṭu", tbidd ɣ tdmsa n tɣrmt-ad f uzznz n Ssima, skkaṛ, ibrdan, d ugaṛṛu.  

Tiɣrmt-ad zdɣn gis attayn n 3,36 n umlyun n mddn.

## Ism
Ism n "Addis Ababa" ikka d tutlayt Tamharit, ig unamk nns "Tajddigt Tamaynut".

## Amzruy
Tettyawbna tɣrmt n Waddis Ababa ɣ usggʷas n 1887, f ufus n ugllid "Mnlik wis II" ig tt tamaẓunt n tgldit nns lli mi ism "Cawa". Agllid-ad rad sul iskr yat tmnukda ismunn ma iggutn ɣ tsgiwin,  akal n tɣrmt iɣama i twja n ugllid ar 1974 d ɣ usggʷas ad rad tnkr yat tgrawla da tssixf yat tgrgurt n isrdasn lli rad tgr angraw agldan n Hilasilasi Amzwaru.

## Tisaɣulin
Tagldit n Waksum

**Tagldit n Waksum** niɣ d **Axum** tkka tt inn tga yat tgldit idusn ɣ usammr n Tfriqt, tumẓ nn ikalln lli ganin ɣassad: Iritirya, agafay n Ityupya, kra ɣ Ssudan, kra ɣ Djibuti d kra n tikkal ar tettamẓ ula kra n igzman ɣ iffus utrim n tgzirt n waɛrabn. Aksum tga mmas n Ityupya n ɣikk-ad acku tlla gis tɣrmt n Waksum lli igan tamaẓunt n tgldit.

## Amzruy
Tagldit n Waksum tssugr yad ssɣ isggʷasn n 50 n talalit, tlkm afa n ubuɣlu nns gr 300 d 600 mayann ɣ tizi lli tkka f tsbbabt ɣ yill azggʷaɣ, tg ɣ wakud ann tuẓẓumt n tdamsa ɣ umaḍal aqbur, yiws as ufttas n Wadulis lli tt inn ikkan iga yan ugadaz n tmsaɣt n ubḍan, ibrdan, zzit, tazibbatin. Igllidn n tmazirt-ad bnun ma issbhaḍn ɣ igudar d isaragn d tuṣkiwin. 

Ɣ tassut tis kṛaḍt rad ig ugllid Izana agʷri i tgldit n Kuc n ma iga ɣass-ad Ssudan, agllid-ad nit rad ig ɣ usgd Amasiḥi asgd n tgldit nns. 

Lliɣ nkrn waɛrabn d txilaft n umawiyyn rad tssn tgldit n Waksum yat tassast icqqan ɣ igr n tsbbabt, ur sul tgi yan udwass ɣ tsgiwin ann. Lislam rad nit yaf adɣar nns rad ilmma ikri tagldit-ad, Iksumn rad mmaɣn d Yimuslmn, mqqar asn ftan yikalln maccan tddr tdlsa nnsn d usgd nnsn Amasiḥi ar ɣassad sul ɣ Iritirya d Ityupya. 

Ɣ irni, ifrẓẓan n tgldit-ad hati ɣaman sul, iẓḍaṛ ad ttyawmnadn ɣ usun n Waksum.

## Tisaɣulin
Alaṣka

**Alaṣka** tga tawankt akkʷ yusɛan ɣ tmazirt n USA, tuti s unuḍu tawankt n Ttiksas, macc drusn imzdaɣn nns, tumẓ ida wis 48 ɣ wuṭṭun n imzdaɣn, ar as ttinin "awttu iggʷran" (last frontier) acku tuggt n ikalln nns ur ta ttyawzdaɣn. Tiɣrmt n Junu ad igan tamaẓunt nns, imma tamdint nns akkʷ imqqurn ɣ ma izdin d wuṭṭun n yimzdaɣn tga tt tɣrmt n Wankuraydj. 

Tanqqiṭṭ akkʷ illan ɣ utaram n Walaṣka tmgala d Rusya s 82 Km, imma tanqqiṭṭ illan ɣ ttmi n iẓẓlmḍ ha nn taggug i usanuḍ n iẓẓilmḍ s 2090 Km. 

Ɣ usga n unzwi, tirɣi n tmazirt ar tjgugul gr -62°S d ar taqqʷlay  ar +38°S, Ɣ wakud n tnbdut ar tsummur tmazirt mad ittggan 20 n tsragt n tizi ɣ wassf.  

Tettyawssan Walṣka s idrarn nns attuynin d tmuɣli nns bahra ifulkin, afa n Makkinliy ilkm ɣ tattuyt 6194 n umitru ssɣ iggi n yill, ɣaylli gis igan afa akkʷ yattuyn ɣ tmazirt n USA.

## Amzruy
Alaṣka, zdɣn yad gis kra n tamttiwin zun d Inwitn (Iskimu) d Izandyanen d Walyuṭn, kcmn sul fllatsn kra n imsnubbucn umliln ssɣ Rusya da rad gis skrn yat tzdduɣt ɣ tgzirt n Kudyak, mayad ɣ usggʷas n 1784. 

Ilmma rad sɣn Yimirikaniyn tamazirt-ad dar Irusiyyn ɣ usggʷas n 1867, fkan asn gis 7,2 n umlyun n Uḍulaṛ, ittsmma ɣar 5 n id ssantim i yan uhkṭaṛ, acku ɣaln mddn ɣ wakudan is d ɣar yan wakal n uɣris ka ad tga hlli, ɣayann af as fkan ism n Isburgya (Icebergia). 

Ɣ usggʷas n 1912 Akungris n Marikan rad issikd akccum n Walaṣka ɣ wayda n USA, ɣ 3 innayr n usggʷas n 1959 rad tg tawankt tis 49.

## Timaxirin nns
Atig n tmazirt ur infalal ar yan uzmz imaṭln, lliɣ ufan is gis tlla yat tmaxirt iggutn n islman d imɣuzn d waman d ukccuḍ d wurɣ d yan ccarij imqqurn n ulpiṭrul, tssufa sul atig lli s tt sɣan nttni sul wahli a s t inn tugr.

## Aknyal nns
Aknyal n tawankt n Walṣka illa ssɣ usggʷas n 1927, iskr tt ɣar yan uḥcmiy yaqqran ɣ ukulij dars 13 n usggʷas, iga gis sa n itran ad sisn iml timaxirin n wurɣ da tla tmazirt, imma wis tam ɣ itran isrs t inn ɣ tɣmrt n uflla iskr sis tamatart f udɣar n Walaṣka ɣ umaḍal.

## Tamallayt
Tamazirt-ad ur illi kra s rad tettyawssan uggar n  ugama nns d ittawin tiṭ s tiẓgiwin d taganin nns d ysaffn nns d uɣris nns, ukan llant snat taganin mqqurnin ɣ uftas n iffus, ism asnt Cugac d Tungass. 
llan daɣ sin ismmurritn, asmmurri n Dinali nttan a ɣ illa wafa akkʷ yattuyn n Marikan, afa n Mak-kinliy. ilin ismmurritn yaḍni zun d: 

* Arctic National Park.

* Glacier Bay National Park.

* Katmai National Park.

* Sitka National Historical Park.

* Gold Rush National Historical Park.

## Tisaɣulin
Amstirḍam

**Amstirḍam** tga tamaẓunt n Hulanḍa d tɣrmt nns akkʷ mqqurn, tufa ida nns ɣilli ɣ mnaggarn wasif n Wamstl d Yijslmir igan yan uglmam abaraw ɣ tmazirt ann. Tiɣrmt-ad iggundan tlla yan imikk ɣ wadday n uswir n yilel, d uggar n yat tmiḍi n isura ad tt izggrn d ar ssiwisn ɣ usswi n ikalln nns, isura-ann d talɣa n tgmma skrn ɣ Wamstirḍam yat ɣ tɣrmiwin akkʷ ẓilnin ɣ Uruppa.

Tamdint taqdimt tlla ɣ wul n Wamstirḍam, llant gis kra n tiswak kṛuṛẓnin, d kra n tgmma ar ttaḍunt s uzmz anammas, ibrgmmi agldan ittyawbnan ɣ wammas n 1600's ar ittaggʷa s usarag n Dam, tama n usarag nna tlla yat talkanist n Nyuwi Kirk (Talkanist Tamaynut).

## Ism
Ism n Wamstirḍam s tnglizit iga "Dam of the Amstel", ɣ Tclḥit rad ig "Uggug n Wamstl", imma Amstl hati iga ism n yan wasif ɣid ɣinn.
## Amzruy
Ittyawbna Wamstirḍam ɣ wattayn n 1200 ikka tt inn iga ɣar yan udɣar i tgmrt, ilmma skrn gis yan uggug. 

Asun-ad iga sul yan wansa ar d srs ttackan iɣrruba n tsbbabt d influkn ssɣ kra iga t mani, awa trwwj gis tizi, d ɣ isggʷasn n 1400 ɣik ann, rad ig yan wammas ibuɣlan n tznzit ɣ uruppa ig yan untal i imzwagn da rwlnin i kra n tarfafant ɣaylli rad ig ɣ tɣrmt-ad yan umyanaw n tmgura d rad gis ilin kra tilbankin ar ṛṭṭlnt iqaṛiḍn i umaka n tmizar n uruppa. 

Abuɣlu-ad rad ilkm tigira nns tizi lli rad tkcm Fṛanṣa tamazirt n Hulanḍa, tsrs fllas afus nns, d usddurri Afransis nit a rad ig ɣ tɣrmt n Wamstirḍam d tamaẓunt, ukan rad nkrn Iḍutciyn (ayt tmazirt) ad ssdrfin akal nnsn ɣ 1813 macc rad srsn tanbaḍt nnsn ɣ Hag (55 Km n umgala), ɣaylli ikrin tadamsa n tɣrmt n Wamstirḍam, aṛẓẓum n usaru n yill n iẓẓlmḍ rad as daɣ irar tudrt. 

Ayt Wamsṭrḍam rad bahra rfufn ɣ uzmz n imiɣ amaḍlan wis sin (1939-1945), igulfa n walimanen rad zbun tamazirt, nkrn ad nɣn ma iggutn ɣ wamun n udayn n tɣrmt lli yad ganin yat 10% ɣ imzdaɣn nns. Ɣ usggʷas 1944, yan uɣʷni icqqan ra nn yaɣ tiɣrmt.

## Tadamsa
Tbidd tdamsa n tmazirt f tnufa iẓṛfann, tamguri n taylalin d tarakatin tilikṭṛuniyn, tamguri n tiram d usggd n iɣrruba d usnulfu n iyafutn ikimawiyn d win lhint, tbidd ula f tamallayt ula tasbbabt n bṛṛa ula umrara ansbab  d tmizar yaḍnin n uruppa.
## Tiwlafin

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Afaylu:Amsterdam Canals - July 2006.jpg|lien=|alt=
Afaylu:Amsterdam - Rijksmuseum - panoramio - Nikolai Karaneschev.jpg|lien=|alt=
Afaylu:Van Walbeeckstraat, Amsterdam (1).jpg|lien=|alt=
Afaylu:Amsterdam - Dam - View West.jpg|lien=|alt=


## Tisaɣulin
Imntagn

**Imntagn** (S tɛrabt: منتاݣة) tga yat tqbilt Taclḥit ɣ udrar n Drn d tmazirt n Sus, ur akkʷ bahra taggug i tɣrmt n Trudant, tmgala dis s kra n 15Km ɣikann, tkka tt inn tkcm ɣ yat tqbilt tamẓmudt imqqurn mi ismn "ingnfiss" (Gnfisa). 

 
Tssar iwtta nns d tqbilt n irgitn ɣ tagut, taqbilt n idawmḥmud d Isksawan d ida umṣaṭṭug, ɣ iẓẓlmḍ, ida uzddaɣ d ayt igas ɣ lqblt, d tin ayt Trudant ɣ iffus. .

Tbḍa tqbilt s snat tgrawin, tagrawt n Tmalukt d tgrawt n Imulas, illa gis yan wasif yumẓ nit ism n tqbilt, ism as "asif n imntagn", isawl fllas Sidi Ḥmmu Ṭalb lliɣ inna: "*Ula Asif ad nnun a Imntagn iliq*".

Sɣ irgazn nns illa umɣar Lḥajj Muḥmmad Ljdd (ilul ɣ usggʷas n 1332 n uzwag), bab n tinml ittyawssann s yism nns d wada tt isrsn. Isbdd tt ɣ usggʷas n 1388 ɣ Imulas ɣ tuẓẓumt n Imntagn, issnti gis assḥḍṛ ɣ usggʷas n 1393. Ibidd fllas aylliɣ immut, ssikin tt imḥḍarn  mnnaw isggʷasn aylliɣ tt id daɣ smaynunn Imntagn ɣ usggʷas n 1426, urrin d ar tt inn daɣ addran.

## Usunn nns

* Amccrk
* Tamalukt
* Ṛṛyaḍ
* Ayt ṭṭalb
* Waɣcuct 
* Ayt Xurayf 
* Alḥnwan 
* Tazgllimt
* Timinun
*  Sidi Ɛbd Rrḥman
* Zzawit n ibaɛqiln
* Amzawru
* Tiẓgi n ayt lḥaj
* Axuntrir
* Aẓṛu
* Afnsu
* Asaka n Imntagn
* Ayt Sɛid
* Tajact
* Msirat 
* Aɣfr
* Afra
* Imulas
* Tirɣt
* Tasdmrt
* Azgur
* buskni
* witkrazn 
* Tanfact
* Tizrt
* Tulust 
* Igil
* Imadln
* Issulan 
* Tamsult
* Ayt Mnṣuṛ
* Tamast 
* Talluzt
* Tadarawt
* Tinigass
* Alxums
* Tikfilt
* Ixudamn
* Ayt Wadjas
* Aflla n Talat
* Ignan
*  Urti n umɣar
*  Iswal
* Mgdl
* Kilalt


## Tisaɣulin
Anglu-Ṣakṣun

**Anglu-Ṣakṣun** (S tnglizit: Anglo-Saxons) gan yan urabbu n ijirmaniyn lli ggʷiznin ɣ ma iga ɣ wass-ad "Angliz", ayad ɣ gr tasut tis IV d V n tlalit, arabbu-ad gis kṛaḍt n tqbilin ism asnt Inglizn d Iṣakṣunen d Ijutziyn kkant kra n mani ɣ Uruppa (Agafay n lalman, d Ḍḍanmark).   

Ar ittals umiy is d yan ugllid Abṛiṭani ism as Vurtigrn iɣra i tqbilin-ad n Yijrmaniyn afad ad as awsnt ɣ uzbdr mgal uslak n Iṣkuṭiyn (Ṣkuṭṭ) i tmazirt nns, macc amqqun-ad n tqbilin ibṛṛm fllas aylliɣ sul ikka f tmazirt n ibṛiṭaniyn, ɣ tigira n tasut 5, milnt (ẓḍaṛnt) tiqbilin-ad ad kullu sdurrint iffus d usammr n tgzirt n Bṛiṭanya, ssntint ad ɣinn skrn tiglday nnsnt lli lkmnin sat ɣ tizwiri. 

Ɣ tigira n tasut tis tamt, akkʷ tiglday-lli rad ẓuḍṛnt i uslak n Ivayking da kkanin aḍḍanmark,  Wissiks waḥdu tn ad injmn ddu tnbaḍt n ugllid "Alfriḍ" da yumẓn tiɣrmt n Lunḍun d tiyyaḍ d lli mi rad ẓḍaṛn tarwa ad sul nrun Ivayking d ad cckcmn ikalln nnsn s tgldit nnsn. 

Tagldit-ad tamaynut tabarawt ism as "Ingland" ifkan anamk n "wakal n Inglizn" niɣ d "tamazirt n inglizn". 

Ingluṣakṣunen rad fln yan iḍiṣ mqqurn ɣ tutlayt Tanglizit, ɣ tjṛṛumt nns ula ɣ umawal nns.

## Tisaɣulin
Untigun

**Untigun** tga yan uwrik ɣ tasnumiyt Tagrikit, tg illis n ugllid Udib d tgllidt Jukasta lli nbḍnin tamazirt n Ṭibt. tmaqqal Untigun is tga tamatart n ufrak d ticirrit (tamagart) mgal taṛaɛayt d tamurrant n uwank.

## Umiy
Udib babas n Untigun iṣbukḍ ixf nns acku iskr yan ubrbkkaḍ mqqurn lliɣ inɣa babas, imṛḍn d innas bla issn. Awa Untigun tmun d babas Udib ɣ uzwag nns sɣ tmazirt nns n laṣl, tg as yan umanar lli as immalan aɣaras nns. 

Ukan lliɣ immut Udib, tɣts Untigun a nn taḍu s tmazirt n babas ɣ Ṭibt, tufa nn is yad ssntin aytmas Ityyukl d Bulinik ad ẓin f manwa a rad yamẓ asni n tgldit, ɣ tigira mcuckan d afad ad bḍun s mnaṣṣa tanbaḍt n Ṭibt, macc Ityyukl yurri d f wawal nns, iṛẓa ikmrbbi da illan ngr as d gʷmas, s waṭṭan n wul da gis illan rad iftu Bulinik ad daɣ yawi taɣamt nns ɣ tnbaḍt macc tiklit ad s ifaddn, yakʷi f tɣrmt n Ṭibt. 

Ɣ tizi n imiɣ, myanɣan, ku yan gisn inɣa wayyaḍ, ilmma mmutn sin itsn, f ɣik ann, Kryyun ntta ɣil ad a rad ig agllid amaynu, imḍl Ityyukl s yan ulullu mqqurn,  gʷmas daɣ uhu acku ɣ dar Kṛyyun, Bulinik ikka tt inn iga yan  uɣwwaɣ. ig yan umknad ɣayann af ur istahlla ad ittyumḍal s waddur d taysist zun d gʷmas Ityyukl. 

Untigun tnna is d ɣaylli iskr Kṛyyun iga yan ussurf n uzrf n bab ignwan, tftu nn ilmma ad tmḍl gʷmas Bulinik s ifassn nns. Taɣawsa ad tsfurrg bahra agllid amaynu Kṛṛyun acku ur as tssfld , idkḍ (iḥkm) fllas s tinɣi f umud lli tskr f wudm n gʷmas mqqar d tutra n iwis Haymun lli igan asmun n Untigun.  

Tigira n Untigun ur bahra tfaw, kra ar ttinin is tt nit inɣa Kṛṛyun  niɣ d tzug, kra ar ttinin is tnɣa ixf nns nttat d usmun nns Haymun.
## Tisaɣulin
Imiɣ n 1948

**Imiɣ n 1948** (S Taɛrabt: حرب 1948, s tnglizt: War of the 1948) ikka tt inn illa ngr iwunak n Waɛrabn d uwank n Udayn, ig imiɣ amzwaru ingratsn. ig yat tyafut tar asanf dffir yat taẓit iɣzzifn ikkan azgn n tasut ngr Waɛrabn d Udayn tssnti d ulkkum n ugalfu izwarn n imzwagn n udayn s wakal n "Faliṣṭin" niɣ d "Irtz n Yiẓrayl"(Akal n Iẓrayl) ssɣ usammr n Uruppa d mayad ɣ zikka t inn n tmrawt n 1880. 

Imiɣ ad fkan as Waɛrabn ism n "Nnakba" (Tawaɣit) acku yugga d azwag s ifaddn n mad ittggan 700.000 n ufaliṣṭin dffir asnulfu n uwank Aẓrayli. 

## Tamsɣʷrdint n imiɣ
Iṣhyunn ssaɣn iguyya nnsn d Ṣhyun lli igan yan uwrir ɣ Uquds, ig daɣ yan ɣ ismawn n Uquds ɣ usafr n ttura, ig akkʷ sul ism n wakal n Izrayl) nniln udayn ann s snat tɣawsiwin, tamzwarut tga tt twargit n unmitar (aqawl) amissyan ittilin ɣ tẓallit nnsn takuyast, tis snat ran ad skrn yan uwank igan win udayn ɣ tmazirt nnsn taymmat s uwttas ad rwln i mar-tassamiyt (Anti-Semitism) da ittigutn ɣ Uruppa ɣ wakud ann.  Mayad imyakud d usɣli n tqawmit Taɛrabt (Ibaɛtiyyn) da issntin ssɣ tigira n tasut tis 19. 

Ɣ wass n 14 Brayr 1947, abrsira n Bṛiṭanya iɣts ad yall afus nns ssɣ Filṣṭin ifl aslimuṛ n umukris i Tamttiwin Munnin (UN), ɣ Nwambir n 1947 rad tssmnid UN yan uɣawas afad ad bḍun akal n Filṣṭin s sin iwunak, yan iga win udayn ig wayya win Ifiliṣṭiyn, Iṣhyunn rad qbln s uɣawas nna, Aɛrabn uhu, acku ar ttmnadn is tga tbḍit ann tukkṛḍa n Iṣhyunn i wakal n Waɛrabn.

## Imjṛitn
Tfḍḍa tnbaḍt n Bṛiṭnya nnican kud lli brrḥn Iṣhyunn s tilit n uwank n Iẓṛayl ɣ wassf n 14 Mayu 1948, askka nns nit rad tnkr tsrdast n  smmust n iwunak n Waɛrabn ad tn igan d Miṣṛa d Surya d Lubnan d Trans-Uṛḍun d Uɛiraq ad tslk tamazirt n iẓṛayl lli rad tntu tukya nnsn, tzbu akkʷ mad ur idrusn ɣ ikalln lli tzzri UN i Falaṣṭin, Miṣṛa tɣi ma iɣaman ɣ ikalln ttyawfkanin i Falaṣṭin, tamẓ Ɣazza da igan yat tfrst n wakal mẓẓikn gr Iẓṛayl d yill agrakal, yiwi Uṛḍun ma mi ttinin "agʷmmaḍ utrim" (الضفة الغربية) yan yida illan ɣ gr Yiẓṛayl d wasif n Wuṛḍun.   

Ɣ wayyur n Ɣuct n 1949, rad d mcuckan Iẓṛayl d iwunak n waɛrabn f ludnt. Ɣ taḍfrut n imiɣ ad kra n 700.000 n ifalaṣṭiyn rad zugn s tmizar yaḍnin, kra gitsn ftan s Wuṛḍun d ugʷmmaḍ utrim, kra ftan s ufrs n Ɣazza, ddun wiyyaḍ s Surya d Lubnan    

## Tisaɣulin
Aṛiṣ

**Aṛiṣ** iga akuc n yimiɣ ɣ tsnumiyt Tagrikt, ig yus n Zus d Yiṛa, ifk talalit i mnnaw n id wakuc yaḍnin tuggt nnsn zdin d tamaɣt d imiɣn، Imma amddur nns ɣ dar Iṛmmuyn iga t wakuc Maṛṣ. 

Mqqar iga tamatart n tirrugza d ticirrit d imiɣn, ig ula yan ɣ id wakuc ulambiyn, Aṛiṣ ur dars illi yan ubdar mqqurn dar igrikn, ula umiyn da fllas sawlnin ha nn drusn.  

Infalal d dar Umirus ɣ tmdyazt n Ilyada lliɣ idra ɣ imiɣ n Ṭṛwaḍa, ittyawmnad gis is iga yan unmmagr imuccdn icṛmḍn ɣaylli t akkʷ ismussun ur igi amr ssiɛr n imiɣ, ur t id yaɣ nttan s manwa ad igan bab n uzrf ula manwa ad igan amddṣṛ (amxcun). 

Igna Waṛiṣ yat tazdayt d Wafrudit, takuct n ufulki, salan tayri ingratsn aylliɣ as turu kra n tarwa ig Iṛuṣ lli nit igan akuc n tayri, yan ssɣ gitsn.

## Tisaɣulin
Niyl Armstrung

**Niyl Aldin Armstrung** (S tanglizt: Neil Alden Armstrong) ilul ɣ 5 Ɣuct 1930, immut ɣ 25 Ɣuct 2012, ig yan umstara n usṭas Amirikani, ittyawssan is iga amddnu izwarn da igan aḍaṛ nns ɣ iggi n wayyur. Ɣ wass n 20 Yulyu n 1969 iggʷiz gis s tmssudut n Wabullu 11 (tamyiwnt n igidr),  lliɣ iga aẓmmuẓẓl nns inna Warmstrung awal nns: "Ayad iga ɣar yan uẓmmuẓẓl imẓẓiyn n yan ufgan, ig yat tukya imqqurn n tiffugna". Asmmigl ad nns iga yat tmatart immaln ar mani yufa ad ilkm wallxf n ufgan.

## Tisaɣulin
Milanu

**Milanu** niɣ d Milan tga tiɣrmt tis snat n Ṭṭalyan ɣ tmɣuri, Ṛuma ka ad fllas imqqurn, tg ixf n tfala n tmazirt n ṭṭalyan ɣ igran n tsbbabt d tmguri. Tlla tɣrmt n Milanu ɣ  ugafa n Ṭṭalyan, tama n idrarn n Walb aylli gis igan yat tmaẓunt n tsbbabt ssɣ zikk azmz. Gigan d imallayn ar rzzfn tiɣrmt ad afad ad ẓṛn taẓuṛi ur ilin atig n tgmma nns. Milanu tucka d ɣ yat tsga mi ttinin Lumbardiy.

## Tiɣrmt
Tuṣkiwin titrarin ad bahra gis iggutn waxxa ɣik ann illa gis yan mnnaw n tuṣkiwin fulkinin n zikka t inn lli akkanin i tmdint taẓilt nns. 

Ɣ wul n tmdint ar tettyafa yat Talkanist ittyawbnan f ungraw Agutik, ilin ɣ tama nns kra n tgmma n tdlsa. 
 

Wanna dar illa lhawa n umarg ar d ittacka ssɣ kra iga tt tɣmrt n ddunit afad ad ikk inmuggarn n Laskala, yat ɣ tnmɣurin n tgmma n ubbiṛa ɣ Urubba. Tili daɣ tasdlist n Umbruzya gis yan ubaynu n idlisn d ma ilan atig ɣ warratn. Yili yan iɣrm bu ugadir lliɣ tt inn kkan ar ttzdaɣn igllidn d imnbaḍn n tmazirt, Ur d mad ittettu is ar ittili ɣ Milanu yan usfsr n twlafin lliɣ ar ttmunn tilli ttyawssanin n tẓuṛi taṭalyant.  

Lyunardu da Vintci issunɣ tafrist nns n Tiwilt iggʷran n Lmasiḥ mayad ɣ uɣrab n ddir n Santa Mariya Dill Grazi.

Tuggt n ayt tɣrmt ḥmln ad fttun s usarag n ,Gallirya Fitturyu Imanwil, yan uẓkka abaraw lli mi tdl tduli nns s jjaj, yumi mnnawt n tḥuna d tsiram, illa ma fllas ittinin "adɣar akkʷ iddrn"  ɣ Milanu, yili tama n talkanist lli n Milanu.
## Tadamsa
Tamdint llan gis idasiln n tmguri n Ṭṭalyan, ṭṭafn talatin nnsn ɣ tzgrut n tmazirt, munn gis mnnaw n wafḍan n tmssurin. d ar gis snulfun iyafutn ikimawin, win ttrisinti, win tilmi, taraka, win ussudu.  

Tamdint tga uẓẓun n icmandifirn d ibrɣarasn, yili dars yan uzagʷz abaraw. 
## Amzruy
Ɣ wattayn n 400 zwar n tlalit, uckan d Ikiltiyn (imzdaɣn n Urubba tutrimt) bnan yan usun ɣ ma mi ttinin ɣ wass ad Milanu, ɣ usggʷas 222,  rad slkn Iṛmmuyn asun ad, ssaɣn as ism n Midyulanum lli rad sul tg Milanu. ɣ ddu tnbaḍt nnsn Milanu tga yan udasil asrdas d yan wammas n tsbbabt ngr Ṛuma d Urubba n tuẓẓumt. 
Ɣ mad ittggan asggʷas n 200, tkka tt inn tga yat ɣ tɣrmiwin akkʷ mqqurnin n tmnuka Taṛmmuyt.

## Tisaɣulin
Yutub

**YuTub** (S tnglizt: *Youtube*) iga yat usit n wantirnit, agraɣlan, n tiṭṭiwt n ifidyutn d unyalkam anamun, yili ula s talɣa n tsnsi. Ar ittajja usit middn ad alln, ẓrin, drun ifidyutn. Ittyuṣka Yutub ɣ Fbrayr 2005 s ifassn n kraḍ igmamn iqqburn n PayPal. Immatti Yutub s tilit n Gugl sɣ 2006. Ass a, ar ittggaa Yutub tusmirin g tasniwin akkʷ.

Tga tmatart tamaddudt n Yutub yan umkraḍ imlluln mi iwala yat tɣmrt afasi, yili ɣ yan umkkuẓ zggʷaɣn. Mddn nna bahra ittalln ifidyutn s Yutub da asn ttinin s tnglizt "*Youtubers*". Ar yakka Yutub tismɣurin i wida lkmnin kra n wuṭṭunn n inḍfuṛn, zun d 100,000 s umdya.

## Tisaɣulin
Aṭlanṭiṣ

**Aṭlanṭiṣ** tga yat tmnẓawt tumiyant (tlla ɣ umiyn) da ɣ flsn tuggt n mddn is tlɣi ɣ ugaru Aṭlanṭi kra n wafḍan n isggʷasn ayad. Abdar nns izwarn inṣḍ ɣ mad ittggan 300 dat tlalit, ɣ udlis u Krityaṣ d Timayuṣ lli ganin snat twuriwin n uflsaf Agriki mqqurn Aflaṭun, ar aɣ d ittals is ɣinn tlla yat tɣrma ibuhn iflujjan, maccan imzdaɣn nns ngḍn ɣ gar umudn, ur ar salan amr tixnnubas d tdɣʷlit d tilli xʷcnin, ukan ɣ yan wass tggʷiz d fllatsn tagat n id wakuc, tnnstm akkʷ tmazirt nnsn ɣ yan ḍyiḍ, d lliɣ d ifaw lḥal tettyafa tmnẓawt is kullu tlɣi ɣ yilel.
 
Umiy n Waflaṭun issusm gigan d mddn n izmaz ggʷranin, lli d iwinin yan ugudi n turdiwin f mani ɣ tlla tmnẓawt nna d manmk a s tnɣuba. yan mnnaw n imsiggiln urmn ad mzalaln kra n uɣaras s isagurn n Waṭlanṭiṣ. Illa akkʷ ma ittinin is rad daɣ tnfalal ɣ iggi ssɣ ugrgabbu (walu).

## Amawal
Tamnẓawt tumiyant = قارة اسطورية 

Fls = ٱمن 

Nṣḍ = ظهر

lɣi = غرق 

Buh = ifjjij 

Tadɣʷlit = الشر و الخداع

Tixnnubas = الغش 

nnstm = اندثر 

turdiwin = فرضيات

## Tisaɣulin
Adbni

**Adbni** (Amagut: Idbnan) iga yan wanaw n ismḍal ittyawssan dar imaziɣn slawan dar Itwargin lliɣ d ur ta yucki Lislam, ɣwid naḥya tn inn d ismḍal n imuslmn, acku umẓn talɣa n uṣkka niɣ d tin twarayt (agudi n iẓṛan) da ittrusn ɣ iggi wakal afad ad d ldin taynit n mddn, zlmn tn.

Ɣ dar Ihggarn ism n **idbnan** iwats yat twrirt niɣ d yan wanfa imẓẓiyn. 

Isnubbucn n wanaw ad n iṣmḍal mqqar d tidrsi nnsn sniln tawngimt n tqbuṛi n idbnan, ukan bbin awal is ar d ttiwrrin s uzmz yaggugn lli izwarn Lislam, kra gisn aḍun akkʷ ar akud n 3100 zwar n tlalit zun d ɣwalli n wansa n Lunniy, yili daɣ win Ulbṛj n Badji Mxtaṛ ɣ Ddzayr d ittaḍun s usggʷas 2800 zwar n tlalit, ilin akkʷ wida ur bahra maṭlnin.

## Adbni ɣ taflst Tamaziɣt
Idbnan zdin d kra n tmyurin n tqddact dar imaziɣn n zikk, zun d **tamyurt n usguṭṭi** lliɣ tt inn kkan ar ggann ɣ iggi n idbnan-ad niɣ ar ggann ɣ tama nnsn afad ad asn ittqafa ma rad ijṛu ɣ imal ɣ twargiwin nnsn, ukan mayad ibdr tt Iṛuḍutt lliɣ isawl f yat tamtti Talibiyt ism as "Inasamunn" inna fllatsn awal ad: "*Bac ad salan taqddact, ar ttddun s dar tuṣkiwin n imzwura nnsn, gnn fllatsn kiɣ nnan kra n iri, ssadmrn i ɣaylli ẓṛan ɣ twargit*". 

kkuẓt n tasutin f Iṛuḍutt, Bumbunyus Mila rad ibdr tamyurt ann nit dar taqbilt Talibiyt n Wawgila illan ɣ ugafay utrim n tmazirt n Libya (Ar sawaln Tamaziɣt ar ɣass ad nit sul) . 

Tamyurt ad tɣama ur tnfil dar Itwargiyn.

## Tisaɣulin
Batwiylz

**Batwiylz** (s tifinaɣ: ⴱⴰⵜⵡⵉⵍⵣ) iga yan ṛṛuṣum n Mirikan f inbarazn, ig i tazanin mẓẓiynin, izri zwar ɣ usaru n Kaṛṭun Nitwurk  ɣ Marikan ass n 17 n Ktubr 2022 ɣ Cartoonito, iffuɣ d ɣ wass n 17 n Ktubr 2022.
Nifrtiti

**Nifrtiti** tkka tt inn tga yat tgllidt Tamiṣṛit taqburt, tamɣart n Waxnatun, yan ufrɛun inbḍn ɣ gr 1367 ar 1350 zwar n tlalit, ig afrɛun amzwaru lli iflsn is yan wakuc ad illan ad t igan d win tafukt "Atun",  Nifrtiti tga tamawast nns ɣ tmyurin tisgdanin timaynutin lli iskr. 

Tizi n tnbaḍt n Nifrtiti d Waxnatun ar fllas ttinin "tagrawla n Wamarna" acku zrint gigs mnnawt n tnfalin ɣ tẓuṛi, ɣ usgd ula ɣ wamun, f waddur n Watun rad bnun yat tɣrmt mqqurn lli rad tg tamaẓunt tamynut n Miṣra.

## Ism
Ikka d ism nns tutlayt Tamiṣṛit iṭṭaf anamk n "Tafalkayt tucka d" .
Iɛbbasn

**Awank n Iɛbbasn** iga yat talxilaft tamuslmt n 37 n igllidn lli ganin aṛaḍn n Ɛbbas, ɛmmis n usar Muḥmmad, tkks isni n tgldit i ayt Umiyya ɣ usggʷas n 750. Tbbz agiṭun nns ɣ Bɣdad ssɣ tasut tis tamt ar tis kṛaḍt d mrawt, waxxa hati ida n txilaft immatti s Samarra gr 836 ar 892. 

Tssn talxilaft ad afa n ubuɣlu nns ɣ uzmz n Haṛun Ṛṛacid d iwis Lmamun, taḍuṛi nns rad tili f ufus n uslak Amnɣul ɣ usggʷas 1258.

## Tagrawla n iɛbbasiyn
Ɛbbas u lmuṭṭalib ikka tt inn iga ɛmmis akkʷ mẓẓiyn n usar Muḥmmad, d tzdayt ad n idammn ngratsn ad isnaln tarwa nns ad ssutrn azrf n "ayt tgmmi" (Ahl Al-bayt) ɣ wuṭuf n tsura n tgldit. 

Bab n twngimt ad iga t yan urgaz mi ismn Abu Muslim Axarasan (755 CE), nttan ad ifḍḍan d ugʷar n ayt Umiyya, illa akkʷ mad fllas ittinin amsrsl n uwank Aɛbbasiy, ntta iskr manik d manik aylliɣ ɣlin iɛbbasiyn ad. 

Ukan axalif Mṛwan amggaru n ayt Umiyya, ɣ yan umussu iṛẓan afad ad isṭiṭ tagldit nns, ittr agayyu n umɣar n urabbu n iɛbbasiyn, Bṛahim, d ɣmklli ira ntta, ittyamaẓ, ittyunɣa s ufus ismmiḍn, ukan ɣil ad gʷmas amaẓuẓ "Bu Ɛbbas" a rad issixf amussu. 

Agalfu Aɛbbasi ddu tnbaḍt n bu Ɛbbas, rad imnaggar d tagrumma n Mṛwan tama n wasif n Zab (750 CE) ɣilli ɣ iffuɣ amnraw. lliɣ iṛẓa Mṛwan rad ilmma irwl s kra n mani ɣ Miṣṛa macc ittyafa sul ɣinna, ittyunɣa dɣ ntta. Ɣ wakud ann rad ibrrḥ Bu Ɛbbas Ssfaḥ (wad iḥmln tinɣi) is d nttan ad igan lxlift f Lkufa.

## Tisaɣulin
Go, Dog. Go!

***Go, Dog. Go!*** (s tifinaɣ: ⴳⵓ, ⴷⵓⴳ. ⴳⵓ!) iga yan ṛṛuṣum n Mirikan f inbarazn, ig i tazanin mẓẓiynin, izri zwar ɣ usaru n Netflix ass n 26 n Innayr 2021. 

## Tisaɣulin
Aktinyum

**Aktinyum** iga yan ublkim d yan ufrdis akimyan, uṭṭun akimyan nns iga Z=89, astal akimyan nns iga m=227.

Ikka d ism nns Tagrikt taqbuṛt "*Aktinos*" lli dar iga wammag "Iẓnẓaṛn n tafukt", acku ɣ tillas nufa ad nttmnad tifawt taẓṛwalt da d iṭṭay.  

Ifi nns ar d ittaḍu s usggʷas 1899, s ufus n yan wumassan Afṛanṣiṣ ism as Anḍṛi Lwis.   

## Talɣa nns
Ablkim n Waktinyum iga yan umɣuz umlil ɣ uklu nns ilggʷaɣ ɣ tuggra nns,  iga bahra aẓnẓaṛan (ar ittazn iẓnẓaṛn)

## Tunɣmisin

## Tisaɣulin
Mahatma Gandi

**Mahatma Gandi** ula **Muhandas Karamcand** iga yan umswingm d yan urgaz n tsrtit ahndi, ar fllas ttinin "Iman Mqqurn". Ilul d Gandi ɣ usggʷas 1869 immut ɣ 1948. Inkr d ɣ yat twja tamjahdiyt, iɣra ɣ Lunḍun aylliɣ sul iga anzzarfu. Ifta ilmma s Bumbay fadd s Tfriqt n iffus ɣilli ɣ rad immaɣ mgal asnaḥya aẓuṛan d ɣaylli mi ttinin "angraw n ubaṛṭayḍ".

Ɣ udwal nns s Lhnd, rad inkr f usddurri Anglizi da iɣʷin f tmazirt nns, iɣra i mddn afad ad inkr ttɣwwiɣ uɣrim bla ddafuniyt d ad bbin ayt lhnd kra d ikkan Nngliz. F mayad, ikcm mnnawt n ttwal s usqqur, idra daɣ ɣ umhawaḍ n tdrfit qbl imiɣ amaḍlan wis sin. Yut ula f ungiddi gr mddn.  

Immaɣ bla ad imurs ad itawa gr Imuslmn d Ihndusn aylliɣ t inɣa yan Uhndus azakrar ass n 30 Ynnayr ɣ usggʷas 1948.    

## Tisaɣulin
Lalla Ɛziza

**Lalla Ɛziza tasksiwit** niɣ d **Lalla Ɛziza tagʷrramt** tga Ɛziza ult Brahim yat tgʷrramt ssɣ idrarn n isksawan ɣ udrar n Drn, sɣ takat n ayt Ɛli, yat twja Tasusit ɣ laṣl nns, ur bdrn iɣbula mad iga usggʷas n tlalit nns, macc mcuckan d is tddr ɣ uzmz n tnbaḍt n Imariniyn, ɣ tasut tis 13 n tlalit, akud lli issn udrar n Drn kra n isnfal dranin ḍfṛ taḍuṛi n uwank Amuḥdi. Ttyawssan tmɣart ad is d nttat ad iwafqn gr Bu Ɛamir Inti lli iswuriyn ddu uknyal Amarini d ugllid nns BuƐnan Amarini, d ugllid Ɛbdllah Asksiwi.

## Tudrt nns
Ɣ yat tizi ɣ tudrt nns, tmmudda Lalla Ɛziza s ugmmuḍ n tmazirt nns s tutra n tawssna, tlkm ɣ umuddu nns tiɣrmt n Tlmsan, tamẓ gis tawssna d tṣufit ɣ ufus n waggag Abu Madyan Al-Ɣawt (509-594z). Tiwrri d ilmma s tmazirt nns tg gis taggagt d tṣufawt ar d ɣinn tssfrak middn, slawan akkʷ taytcin, ar tettrra f wastann nnsn s ussnẓu d tfrsi. Ar fllas ttmunan mddn afad ad dars ttagmn, awin d asnimmr nns d tajjult (lḥkma) nns, d ussfsi n imukrisn d taẓit nnsn. Ar ttalsn iɣbula f usnimmr nns ittyawssann, slawan akkʷ ɣ tɣawsiwin n tfsasayt, is akkʷ d tssufɣ aman sɣ umadl n udrar lliɣ fllas smummin mddn irifi d tadrsi n unẓaṛ. Ismun Ibn Qunfud Al-Qusanṭini irfsan akkʷ n Lalla ɛziza tagʷrramt. 

Ẓṛiɣ gisn ɣ Lmɣrib ɣ imisi n Isksawan d yuckan ɣ udrar n Drn ɣ yan wansa mi ismn Taqihrat (tga yat tɣrmt ittyawṣkan ɣ usggʷas n 754 Z / 1353 L ɣ idis n Iludjan ɣ Isksawan), tagʷrramt Ɛaziza Tasksawit, ssutrɣ asnimmr nns, giwrɣ dids, tftu ad tssmsasa gr snat tgrummawin mqqurnin. Tla imḍfaṛn ɣ irgzan ula ɣ taytcin. Kraygat tarabbut tsniri tt s udmar d tissumga. Ittyawskar as yan ugiṭun ɣ tuẓẓumt ɣ tama n yat tgrumma n taytcin. Ur illi ma ittmussun aysladd s wanaḍ nns. Iɣ tgawr d mddn, ar fllas tzafl s yan unsraf, ur ar tettajja maɣ ad tettyawmnad. Tg nit yat tdiwant ɣ tmrarutin nns ɣ ussfrk nns ɣ wanaḍn nns. Ẓṛiɣ mddn ar fllas ttmdurrin. Ur ẓṛiɣ ma ilggʷaɣn f wawal nns ɣ usqsi f waddad. Tla yat tikki ttywassanin. Issuda s dars unmɣur ittyawssann bab n Mṛṛakuc Ɛamir u Muḥmmad Inti. Ikka dids ma iggutn, inna yyi,

## Tikkiwin nns
Yuls Brahim u Bihi yan unmɣur n Ugdmt ɣ tsga n wasif lmal, is d tagurramt ad tẓḍṛ i ingmarn d id mafawal (inḍḍamn), wanna iran ad ilmd urarn d umarg ar ittddu s tizaɣct (lqbt) nns, ar gis yaqrus i igimi nɣ d abukir iḍlan. 

Ar inssa tama n tmḍlt n tgʷrramt, ar isrus tallunt niɣ d rribab ɣ iggi nns, ar gis ictta zzbib, ar tn ittasi s ixfawn n tsmit, iɣ as tfka tgʷrramt amarg issyafa s kra ar as ittnukkul ɣ taqqayt nns zun d tuṭfin, iɣ iffu uzmz tṣifḍt tgʷrramt iga anḍḍam, imma ingmarn ar srusn iburiyn nnsn ɣmklli skarn inḍḍamn.

Ɣ tmḍlt n Lalla Ɛziza ar skarn mddn tamyurt n udbni.

Ism n lalla Ɛziza ar t addran tfqqirin, "A Lalla Ɛziza!" Iɣ ẓṛant kra n tɣawsa issbhaḍn. 

## Tisaɣulin
Lunḍun

Tiɣrmt n **Lunḍun** tga tamaẓunt n tgldit imunn (UK), tg yat ɣ ammas tɣrmiwin tiqburin n umaḍal d yat ssɣ xtilli tnt akkʷ ugrnin, Lunḍun tga amiṭṛubulis abaraw n akkʷ Bṛiṭanya d iẓẓi nns asrtan d udamsan ula adlsan. Iḍiṣ nns bahra imqqurn ur yut s iẓnẓaṛn nns ɣar Bṛiṭanya waḥdu tt maccan ikka amaḍal akkʷ, ɣaylli gis iskrn yat tɣrmt tamaḍlant.   

Lunḍun tucka d ɣ iffus udrim n Nngliz,  tlla f wasif n Ṭamṣ, zdɣn gis mad ittggan 13 mlyun n mddn, yili gis ubṛlaman n UK, d ibrgmmi n ugllid ɣ usarag n Bukkingham d ubank n Nngliz.

## Amzruy
Lunḍun tkka tt inn tga yat tɣrmt imẓẓiyn ddu uslimuṛ n Irumaniyn ssɣ 43 AD ar tasut tis smmust lli ɣ tḍṛ tmnkuda nnsn, ism nns ɣ wakud ann iga "Lunḍinyum", d uslak mqqurn n tqbilin ingluṣakṣunn turri d tga tamaẓunt n tgldit n Issiks ɣ tasut tis tamt ayad. Yat tasut daɣ rad tssn tɣrmt mnnaw n wazzaɣn n ifaykingn lli rad tt ɣʷin, imsdurriyn ann rad gis ssbɣsn tasbbabt d tmstagt iṛẓmn ɣayann ad gis iskrn ammas uɣrim izwarn n tmazirt n Nngliz aylliɣ tḍṛ ɣ ifassn n ugllid Alfrid Amqran ɣ usggʷas 886.   

Ɣ usggʷas 1067 ɣ uḍfuṛ n uslak Anurman lli yumẓn nngliz, izrfan imaynutn n tɣrmt rad tn isrs ugllid amaynu n Nngliz, Dduq Willyam Anurmandi, d ugʷddim n Lunḍun ittyawbna ɣ uzmz n ugllid ad nit.     

Ɣ tasut tis 14, afttas n Lunḍun rad ig yan wammas n tsbbabt ɣ Urubba s tmguri ibuɣlan n tlmi. Luḍun rad tzayd ɣ ugmi nns ssɣ lli ɣ ittyawbna ubank Anglizi, wis sin ɣ tmɣuri ɣ umaḍal  d mayad ɣ usggʷas n 1694, ɣaylli ifkan inlbi aẓṛfan (-{financial flexibility}-) lli rad d yawi i Tmnukda Tabṛiṭaniṭ adwass nns.

Amaka n Lunḍun n ɣass ad ikka d azmz Afikṭuṛi, d tgrawla n tmguri rad d tldi s dars gigan d mddn, ɣaylli idran ɣ usmɣr n tɣrmt d uflujju lli tssn, is ka s tuggt n udffas lli gis illan rad nfalaln kra n imukrisn zun d tamuɣt n bu-glib n 1832, d tzzamma (ṭužžuṭ) imqqurn n 1858, yan imjṛi lli izrin ɣ wannaz n unbdu lli ɣ irɣa bahra lḥal. 

Gr 1750 ar 1901, rad iskr wuṭṭun u imzdaɣn n tɣrmt yan usawn mqqurn, ssɣ kra n 700.000 n mddn ar uggar n 4.000.000. Tg ilmma Lunḍun yan wammas amaḍlan n tsbbabt d yat tmaẓunt taẓṛfant.  

## Tisaɣulin
Azagʷz n Ugadir-Lmasira

**Azagʷz n Ugadir-Lmasira** (s tɛṛabt: مطار المسيرة; s tfṛansist: *Aéroport Al Massira*; IATA: AGA, ICAO: GMAD) iga yan uzagʷz agraɣlan illan ɣ Ugadir, yaga kra n 20 Kilumiṭr d wammas n tmdint, yili ɣ ubrbrid izdin gr Agadir d Trudant. Da anɣ mmaln isnmkta n usggʷas 2022 is iga wiss kraḍ ɣ tlgamt n izugʷaz akkʷ mqqurnin g lmɣrib s wuṭṭun n inmudda. Izdi uzagʷz s imuddutn s taylalin gr tmdinin n ugns n Lmɣrib ula imuddutn igraɣlann s mnnawt tmizar ɣ Uṛubba.

### Amzruy
Innuṛẓm uzagʷz ɣ 1991, tack d twngimt n wad t smmun f "twada tazgzawt". Innuṛẓm uzagʷz ad afad ad yamẓ adɣar n uzagʷz aqbur n Agadir-Bnsrgaw acku illa ɣ Tama n tmdint, aylli izziwizn imzdaɣn s imslitn n taylalin iɣ ttayylnt nɣ iɣ d ttggʷiznt, slawant akkʷ ɣ yiḍ. Ḍart n tuṣka n umaynu, ittyufka uqqbur i taggalin tisrdasin tigldanin timɣribiyin.

### Isnmkta
Anyuddu n inmudda:

## Tisaɣulin
Ju Bayden

**Ju Bayden** (; ilul ɣ 20 nuwanbir 1942) ikka tt inn iga aslway n tmazirt n Iwalakn Munnin n Mirikan zɣ 20 ynnayer 2021 ar 20 ynnayer 2025, d amari n uslway n Mirikan i Barak Ubama zɣ 20 ynnayer 2009 ar 20 ynnayer 2017.

## Tisaɣulin
Tinmel tanamurt tamatayt n tasnmalayt d tusnakt tusnist n Grenoble

**Tinml tanamurt tamatayt n tasnmalayt d tusnakt tusnist n Grunubl**, niɣ d **Ensimag**, tga yat Tinml tafransist imqquṛn ɣ Grunubl, Fransa.
Tinml Tagtiqnit (Fransa)

**École polytechnique** (Tinml Tagritiqnit; ttyawssan s **Polytechnique** or **l'X** [liks]) tga yat tinml imqquṛn ɣ Balizu, Fransa. 

## Tisaɣulin
Tutlayin Titcadiyin

Tutlayin Titcadiyin gant yat tsṭṭat n tutlayin zɣ twja n tutlayin Tifrusyanin. Ar ttyusawalnt tutlayin ad ɣ Ifriqya tutrimt, s tskʷflt mqqurn ɣ Nijirya, Nnijr, Tcad, Tagduda n Tfriqt Tanammast d Kamirun. Llant kra n 150 tutlayin nna isuln. Tahawsat ad gitsnt ilan uṭṭun mqqurn akkʷ n imssiwln.
Buṛkina Faṣu

Tga **Buṛkina Faṣo** yat tmazirt illan ɣ Tfriqt Tutrimt. Ikka tt inn iga yism nns "Upper Volta" (Volta Uattuyn), snfln ism s Buṛkina Faṣu ɣ 1984. Tkka tt inn tmazirt ad ddaw usdurri Afṛansis, macc tumẓ tasimant nns zɣ 1960. Tamdint n Waɣaduɣu.

Ilkm wuṭṭun n imzdaɣn n tmazirt attayn n 13,228,000 ɣ usggʷas n 2005. Tlla tmazirt ad ɣ tama n Mali, Nnijr, Binin, Ṭugu, Ɣana, d Tfsirt n Uẓr. Ur tṭṭif tmazirt ad kra n uftas nɣ kra n usufɣ s ill.

## Timdinin
Ddaws tlla tlgamt n tmdinin tixatarin ɣ Buṛkina Faṣu.

## References
Ilizabit Tis Snat

**Ilizabit Tis Snat** (Ilizabit Aleksandra Mari; ) tkka tt inn tga tagllidt n Briṭanya d tigldiyin yaḍnin n Kumunwilt zɣ 1952 aylliɣ tmmut ɣ 2022.

Tlul tgldunt Ilizabit ɣ 1926 ɣ Mayfair (Lunḍun), tga illis n ugldun Albert, dduq n Yurk (lli imyar agllid Djurj Wis Ṣḍiṣ ɣ asggʷas n 1936) d tmɣart nns Ilizabit Bowz-Lyon. Ttahl s ugldun Filip n Yunan d Danmark ɣ 20 nuwanbir 1947. Tmyar tgllidt ɣ wass n 6 brayr 1952 lliɣ immut babas agllid Djurj Wis Ṣḍiṣ, ɣ akud ann tga ula tagllidt n Kanaḍa, Ustralya, Nyu Zilanḍa, Tafriqt n Unẓul, Pakistan d Ceylon (ɣila Sri Lanka).

Immut urgaz nns ɣ 9 ibrir 2021. Tmmut ɣ tgadirt n Balmoral ɣ Ṣkuṭlanda ɣ wass n 8 cutanbir 2022, am tgllidt n 15 n tmizar (Tagldit Imunn, Kanaḍa, Ustralya, Nyu Zilanḍa, Jamayka, Bahamas, Grinaḍa, Papwa Ɣinya Tamaynut, Tigzirin n Salumun, Ṭuvalu, Santelusya, Santevinsent d Grinadin, Biliz, Antigwa d Barbuda, Santekits d Nivis).

## Tawja
*Tcarlz Wis Kraḍ (iwis)
*Djurj Wis Ṣḍiṣ (babas)
*Ilizabit Bowz-Lyon (mas)

## Tisaɣulin
Tcarlz Wis Kraḍ

**Tcarlz Wis Kraḍ** (Tcarlz Filip Arthur Djurj; ) iga agllid n Briṭanya d tigldiyin yaḍnin n Kumunwilt zɣ 8 cutanbir 2022, ilul ɣ tgadirt n Bakinham ɣ Lunḍun ɣ 14 nuwanbir 1948.

## Tawja
*Ilizabit Tis Snat (mas)
*Dayana tagldunt n Waylz (tamɣart tamzwarut nns)
*Kamila Parker-Buwlz (tamɣart tissnat nns)
*Wilyam agldun n Waylz (iwis)

## Tisaɣulin
Asnɣms n uwank

**Asnɣms n uwank** nɣ d **Asnɣms n tnbaḍt** gan t igmamn n usnɣms nna illan ddaw ufus n tnbaḍt s uẓṛf nɣ d tlla tsqqimt n usufɣ ddaw ufus nns, s tɣarast tusridt nɣ tarusridt. Llan mnnaw wanawn n usnɣms n uwank. 

## Tisaɣulin
Muḥmmad Mustawi

**Muḥmmad Mustawi** nɣ **Muḥmmad Lmustawi** (ilul ɣ 1943 ɣ tsga n Trudant) iga yan umdyaz nɣ anḍḍam, amara n wurar s taclḥiyt.

### Taridirt
Ilul Muḥmmad ɣ usun n Mikzirt(?) ɣ tgrawt n Uḍar ɣ tmnbaḍt n Trudant, Sus. Iɣra ɣ Trudant d Mṛṛakc, ikk tt inn iga anɣmas ɣ uɣmis amaddud n ukabar n Tmunt Tanmlayt n Iɣalln Igdudann. Iga zɣ imzwura da yuran s tmaziɣt (taclḥiyt).

Yumẓ tanafat nns sɣ uslmd amsdaw ɣ 2003.

### Idlisn nns

* *Iskraf* (ديوان ئسكراف - القيود) ɣ 1976;
* *Taḍsa d imṭṭawn* (ديوان تاضصا د ئمطاون – الضحك والبكاء) ɣ 1979;
* *Asays* (اسايس) ɣ 1988;
* *Taḍḍangiwin* (تاضّانگيوين) ɣ 1998;
* *Nnan willi zrinin* (ننان ويلي زرينين) ɣ 1980;
* *Ɛbuc ɣ ubṛlaman (عبوش في البرلمان)* ɣ 1983;
* *Tifawin* (تيفاوين) ɣ 1985;
* *Tuggiwin d tnḍḍamin n lḥajj Muḥmmad Albnsir* (شهادات وقصائد مختارة ومعربة للشاعر المرحوم اجحود الحاج محمد الدمسيري) ɣ 1998;
* *Ṛṛays Lḥajj Blɛid: tudrt nns ɣ kra tnḍḍamin ttustaynin (*الرايس الحاج بلعيد - حياته وقصائد مختارة من شعره) ɣ 1996;
* *Tinḍḍamin n Ṛṛays Saɛid Actuk* (الرايس سعيد أشتوك: شاعر الحب والغزل : منتخبات من أشهر قصائده) ɣ 1998 (yura t d Ḥmad Ɛaṣid).

## Tisaɣulin
Wijjan

**Wijjan** tga yan usun d yat tngrawt tafarant ɣ tsga n Tznit, tamnaḍt n Sus-Masst ɣ Lmɣrib. Ɣ usiḍn n 2004, ilkm wuṭṭun n imzdaɣn nns 6,472 ɣ 1,257 n takat. Tettuyssan wijjan s ufulki n zzit nns d targa, d iɣbula n waman ɣ usun n ugadir n Wijjan, tili gis yat tinml (lmdrst) taqburt n tussna n tmassant.

## Tisaɣulin
Ilfis Brisliy

**Ilfis Brisliy** (S tnglizt: Elvis Presley) ilul d ɣ wis tam n Yinnayr n usggʷas 1935, immut ɣ 1977, iga yan ɣ imzwura n imarirn n Ṛṛuk d yan ɣ itran nns akkʷ ssmrɣanin, kra ar ttinin is d nttan ad igan amarir amdnan n umzruy n Marikan. 

Ilul d Yilfis ɣ yan udɣar iẓlḍn ɣ Tubilu, ɣ tmnaḍt n Misisibbi, lliɣ inɣa 13 n usggʷas izug d twja nns s Mimfis. Iskr ɣid ɣinn asusr nns izwarn ɣ usggʷas 1954. 

Id asusr nns ufan yan umurs bahra mqquṛn slawan akkʷ ɣ gr tasuta nns aylliɣ kkan irirn nns ddunit, fkn as akkʷ assaɣ n "ugllid n Ṛṛukk".  

## Tiwuriwin nns
• -{Don't be cruel}-

• -{Hearthbreak Hotel}-

• -{Hound Dog}- 

• -{Love Me Tender}-

## Tisaɣulin
Lmhdi Bn Mbark

**Lḥajj Lmhdi Bn Mbark** (1936-2024) iga yan Ṛṛayṣ Aclḥi d yan ɣ inmɣuṛn n tẓuṛi nns, ilul d igllin ɣ usggʷas 1936 ɣ tmazirt n wasif n Ayt Waḍil ɣ Iḥaḥan, macc laṣl nns ar d ittiwrri s tmazirt n Ayt baɛmṛan, inkr ɣ yat twnnaḍt n inaẓuṛn acku babas dɣ ntta ikka tt inn iga yan umarir, ifl Lḥajj Lmhdi tisaslin ur ar ttafuḍnin ɣ tllɣat Taclḥit, immut igllin ɣ tɣrmt n Wanfa (Kaẓa) ḍfaṛ yan unɣubu ur ttyawssann imntiln nns.  

Issufɣ mnnaw imurig ɣllanin zun d: "wa amargi" d "Wa ajddigi" d "Lḥijj ad igan lfṛḍ" d tiyyaḍ da ur rad ittu awd yan ɣ imssiflidn nns, ukan wanna iḍfuṛn amarg nns rad nn yaf is iga lmɛna d lfaydt, amdyaz ad yiwi tt id s yat tɣarast ittyawbnan f usgd, mayann a f yunfi zikk i isuyas n umarg slawan akkʷ lliɣ nn yufa is ur ar akkan atig i imarirn d ur ar srsn ssimɣurn, ifl igr n tẓuṛi ɣ usggʷas n 1978. 

## Tisaɣulin
Kibik

**Kibik** tga tasga Takanaḍit da akkʷ imqqurn ɣ turrut, tucka d ɣ ugmmuḍ n tmazirt, tamẓ sɣ yill uɣris ar iwtta d Marikan, Kibik naḥya tt d ma iɣaman ɣ tmizar n Kanaḍa acku tuggt n imzdaɣn nns kkan d Fṛanṣa, kra n wid gisn ar sawaln Tafranṣiṣt hlli, s lɛks n tsgiwin yaḍnin da sawalnin Tanglizt. Tg tẓugayt n Kibik -{"Je me souviens"}- (Ktiɣ d). 

Munryal tga tamdint nns mqquṛn, tili ɣ yat tgzirt ɣ iffus n Kanaḍa, ɣ imnaggar wasif n Uṭawa d win San Lawrns. Amaka n tsga ad n Kibik iga ɣar taganin d isaffn d tmdawin, tuggt n ayt dars ar ttzdaɣn ɣ iffus n tmazirt.   

Tamazirt ad yufa tt ɣ usggʷas 1534, umsiggl Afṛanṣawi Jakk kartyi, ilkm tt s usaka n uslallu n San Lawrns, ɣakud ann ibrrḥ is tga Kibik yat tsga iḍfuṛn Fṛanṣa, awa ɣ usggʷas n 1608 yucka d Samwil ducamblan n Fṛanṣa, ibna gis tiɣrmt n Kibik lli igan ɣass ad tamaẓunt tanamurt n tmazirt.

## Tisaɣulin