Duminiku Girlandayu

**Duminiku Girlandayu** (1449 – 11 ynnayr 1494) ikka-t-nn iga yan umkla aṭalyani. Ikʷla ammas n Tlslalit (attayen n 1400-1600) ɣ Flurinsa. Ikkatinn istawhmma bahra ɣ uzmz n Tlslalit. Igad ɣ 1480 zun d imk-ann anaẓur n portraits unṣib dar yinsbaɣurn n Flurinsa. Ikkatinn yamu Ghirlandaio ɣ uyenna mi ttinin "tasut tis-kraḍt" n Tlslalit Tawflurinsiyt, ntta d Verrocchio, aytmatn Pallaiolo d Sandro Botticelli. Isala Ghirlandaio yat tsawert imqqurn isugrn ɣ amunen aytmas s sin Davide d Bendetto Ghirlandaio, aslif-nns Bastiano Mainardi u San Gimignano, d iwwis Ridolfo Ghirlandaio ḍart. Kkan-d mennaw yimeḥḍaren tasawert n Ghirlandaio, gisn Michelangelo nna bahra ittyawssanen. Tamu tmefkiyt n Ghirlandaio s wuẓlay ɣ tezmert nns n wad izzugez iglamen n tudert ɣ uzemz nns d tefsirin n wawriken jaj isatalen n yimallasen isegdanen altu, taɣawsa nna as d ifkan yat ccenɛet igan takeswatt d ugudi n tseqqimin tixatarin.

## Tudert d twuriwin nns
### Iseggʷasen nns imezwura
Ilul-d Ghirlandaio zun d Domenico di Tommaso di Currado di Doffo Bigordi. Nettan ayd igan amaẓuẓ n sḍis tazzanin dar Tommaso Bigordi zɣ tmeṭṭut nns izwaren Antonia di ser Paolo Paoli; ger wid, ɣas Domenico d collaborators n aytmas Davide d Bendetto Ghirlandaio ayd inejmen zɣ temẓi-nnsen. Yuru Tommaso sin wazzanen-yaḍnin d tmeṭṭut nns tis-snat igan awed nettat s yisem Antonia, itahel dis ɣ useggʷas n 1464. Alessandra, ultmas n Domenico zɣ baba-s, tettahel d umekla Bastiano Mainardi ɣ 1494. Ikkatinn ibbas n Ghirlandaio d ɛemmis gan s sin-itsen setaiuolo a minuto (imsenzanen n taḍut d tɣawsiwin dis zdinin s tesmektiwin drusnin).

Isneɣmes-aɣ Giorgio Vasari s mas t-inn-ikka Domenico ɣ tezwiri nns ar ittelmad dar babas igan adhaybi akud-ann. Icebber nickname n "Il Ghirlandaio" (Ameskar n Garland) ɣ Domenico s uɣaras n baba-s, nna t-inn-ikkan bahra ittyawssanen s usgadda nns n waddalen n yiɣfawen nna ttyawskarnin s garland, yiẓli wanaw-a n tmelsa s ist Flurinsa. Ɣef Vasari, isnulfa-d Domenico tifsirin n imegguren d yinerzaf n iḥuna : "ikkatinn ur da ittajja awed yan bla ur t-yumeẓ s ccita nns adday ittili ar ikellu ɣ ayt tmazirt neɣ kraygatt yan d-ikkan astudyu nns. Izri ɣ tgira dar Alesso Baldovinetti ad dars ilmed d ad izerru taklut d mosaïque. Ɣef unmezruy n tẓuri Günter Passavent, ikkatinn ar ittelmad ɣ Flurinsa dar Andrea del Verrocchio.

### Tiwuriwin timezwura ɣ Flurinsa, Ṛuma d Tuskanya
Irwel Ghirlandaio ɣ teklut n id fresco, d tallusin-nnsen nna s bahra ittyawssan. Telkemtid yat tseqqimt tazaykut ɣ temrawant n 1470 sɣur Taɣiwant n San Gimignano afad ad isdikuṛi Chapel n Santa Fina ɣ Taglizt Collegiate n temdint-ann. Ɣaman id fresco ar ttyawxdamen zɣ 1477 ar 1478, da mmalan snat temsarin timkerranin lanin tazdayt d tmettant n Fina Tagʷrramt.

G 1480, ikʷla Ghirlandaio "Jerome Agʷrram ɣ usira nns" zun d yan ugezzum ittmunan d "Augustine Agʷrram ɣ usira nns" itturruyen ɣer Botticelli ammas n Taglizt n Ognissanti, Flurinsa. Ikʷla altu yat tfelwit n Imensi Aneggaru s tiddi nns tagamant aguns n tmeṣriyt n wutci. Zɣ 1481 ar 1485, ittukellaf s id fresco ammas n Palazzo Vecchio, iklu awed tama n twuriwin-yaḍnin yat Apotheosis n St. Zenobius (1482) ɣ Sala del Giglio, yat twuri yugren tiddi tagamant d yan usati ittusmuttgen s tmesdagt, ɣ amunen wudmawen n wasaḍen iṛumiyen d yifruriten-yaḍnin nna ur lin assaɣ d usged, striking in its perspective and compositional skill.G 1481, iɣra ubaba Sixtus wis-kkuẓ i Ghirlandaio s Ṛuma afad ad yamu ɣ yat tegrumma n imeklawen d-kkanin Flurinsa d Umbria, nna mi ikellef netta s usnulfu n yan useddi n id fresco nna mmalnin ibabaten d tmuɣliwin zɣ testamemts qburnin d wid imaynutnin ɣ iɣerban n Chapel Tasistint. Ikʷla Ghirlandaio Vocation n Apostles. Ikʷla awed Resurrection n Umasiḥ tanna ijlan ɣil-ad. Da as-zeddin altu The Crossing of the Red Sea, meqqar da tettemcacka tfelwit-ad uggar d tmamekt n Cosimo Roselli nna ikkan awed netta yamu ɣ tseqqimt igan yat. Ittyawssan Ghirlandaio s mas d-isnulfa mennawt twuriwin-yaḍnin ɣ Ṛuma, jlan ɣil-ad s umata-nnsent. Aslif nns Sebastiano Mainardi, yawes-as ɣ tseqqimin-ann d id fresco-ann izaykutnin ammas n San Gimignano, ɣ da ittuyanna mas gis ikʷla Mainardi yan Annunciation, nna ittuɣulen kra n tikkal s Ghirlandaio.

G 1484, yura yan umeggay n Ludovico il Moro i mass nns tabratt, ar as gis isnummul tiwuriwin n inaẓuren iferḍiyen nna yad iẓra ɣ Flurinsa : "iga Domenico Ghirlandaio yan umekla iɣudan ɣ yifil, d yan iɣudan uggar ɣ fresco n iɣerban; tɣuda tmamekt nns kigan; iga active d bahra créatif."

### Tiwuriwin nns tiḍefranin ɣ Tuskanya
Ger 1482 d 1485, ikʷla Ghirlandaio yat tewnist n fresco ɣ Chapel Tassisit n Santa Trinita i ubankan Francesco Sassetti, anemhal aneddabu n ubank n Medici, whose Rome branch was headed by Giovanni Tornabuoni, patron n Ghirlandaio d-yuckan. Tga tewnist-ad tin sḍis tmuɣliwin zɣ tudert n Ugʷrram Francis n Assisi, tili seg-sent tanna ɣ yumeẓ sɣur Ubaba Honorius Approval of the Rules of His Order, Tamettant d Obsequies n ugʷrram d yat Resuscitation n yan urba n ayt Spini, nna immuten s tḍuri nns zɣ yan useṛzem.

## Tisaɣulin