Walili

**Walili** (s tfinaɣ: *ⵡⴰⵍⵉⵍⵉ*; s tɛṛabt: *وليلي*; s tlatiniyt d tutlayin yaḍnin n Uṛubba: *Volubilis*) tga yat tmdint tamaziɣt taqdimt, tettuṣka ɣ tasut tiss kṛaḍt nɣ d tiss kkuẓt dat n tlalit, tga yadlli tamaẓunt n tgldit n Muriṭanya. Tga ɣilad yan udɣar adrzan illa ɣ uzaɣar n Says iḍfṛn i tgrawt n wakal n Walili ɣ tsga n Mknas. 

Ɣ tasut tiss 8 issnta gis Idris Ibn Ɛabdullah anbaḍ n Al Adarisa ɣ Lmɣrib, ɣ tasut tiss 11 fln tt imzdaɣ lliɣ immutty unbaḍ n Al Adarisa s tmdint n Fas, tugtt nnsn mmuttin s tmdint n Mulay Dris Ẓṛhun. Ssntan gis irzzutn irkyulujitn zɣ tizwiri n tasut tiss 20, aylli gis ittyafan yujja tt ad tettuzmim ɣ tlgamt n idɣarn imaḍlann n Yunisku asggʷas 1997.

## Ism

Tugtt n imrza urmn ad ssfrun ism n Walili zɣ tguri talatinit [wulibulis], nɣ zɣ iɣbula aɛṛabn, zund Carl Juzif Tiṣu **<small>([[:fr:Charles-Joseph Tissot|fr]])</small>** (1828–1884) lli innan mas tettubdar Walili ɣ kra n iɣbula n Taɛṛabt s yism *Qaṣṛ Farɛun*  (قصر فرعون *Iɣrm n frɛun*), ttun nɣ d ur rin ad rzun s unamk ɣ tdlsa d tutlayt n imzdaɣ inṣliyn n udɣar, aylli yujjan aẓuṛ n yism ur ittyawssan s tnɣda, macc irwas is ar itturray s tguri Tamaziɣt Walilt nna igan yan imɣi ar ittmɣay ɣ tamwin n Walili. Mklli iẓḍaṛ yism n Walili ad dars tili tzdayt ula d yism n yat tqbilt tamaziɣt bdrn tt imrza n umzruy iṛumiyn s yism Ulubilitani.

## Adɣar
Tettuṣka tmdint n Walili ɣ uɣlla n udrar n Ẓṛhun tama wasif n Xuman d wasif n Fṛṭaṣa, tlkm tjumma nns 42 hiktar, taggug s 3 kilumitr f tmdint n Mulay Dris Ẓṛhun, 30 kilumitr f tmdint n Mknas, d 63 kilumitr f tmdint n Fas. llan tama nns kra n izaɣarn mu ifulki wakal nnsn, ar smɣayn anawn n waddagn, s lawan akkʷ addagn n uzmmur nna igan llsas n tdmsa ɣ tsga.

## Amzruy
Ikka tt nn udɣar issutln i Walili ittuzdaɣ zɣ uzmz Atlanti **<small>([[:en:Atlantic (period)|en]])</small>** d unyuliti **<small>([[:en:Neolithic|en]])</small>**, attay n 5.000 n isggʷasn aya. Irzzutn irkyulujitn ttuskarnin ɣ udɣar n *Walili* sduggan d kra idqqi mi itturray usakud ar azmz anyuliti, irwas kra n igzman ttyafanin ɣ Ibirya. Kkan tt nn gis Iqarṭajiyn ɣ tasut tis 8, aya mlant t kra n tmitar lli ɣinn fln, zun d ixrban n lmaɛbad n wakuc Baɛl, idqqi nnsn d kra n iẓṛan ɣ gzin tirra nnsn s Tutlayt Tafiniqiyt. 

Tkcim tmdint n Walili ɣ Tgldit n Muritanya ddu tnbaḍt n Iṛumiyn ḍffiṛ taḍuṛi n Qaṛṭaj ɣ usggʷas 146 dat ntlalit. Tsul tzrirt n Ifiniqiyn ɣ Walili mnnaw isggʷsn f alliɣ yad tlla ddu ifasn n Iṛumiyn, ɣ imdyatn n tzrirt ad, llan inzzurfa lli dar iɣama yism aqaṛṭajiy Suffit. Issnta Yuba II tuṣka n yat tamaẓunt tagldant ɣ Walili daṛat n mad t issnṣb Ugustin f udabu n Tgldit n Muritanya ɣ useggwas 25 dat n tlalit. Iɣra Yuba Wiss Sin ɣ Ṛuma, itahl s Klyubaṭṛa Silini II, illis n Maṛk Anṭuni and Cleopatra, mqqar iga Yuba d yiwis Bṭulimi imaziɣn s laṣl, tiɣri d uswingm nnsn gan iṛumiyn, slawann akkʷ Taẓuṛi d Tmsdagt taṛumiyt taqburt, zun d tmamkt lli s iṣka Yuba tamdint n Wlili.
## Tadmsa

Tettuṣka tmdint n Walili ɣ yan udɣar yẓn i izaɣarn fulkinin d isiffn n Xuman d Fṛṭasa, aylli as ifkan yan waddur yattuyn ɣ yigr n tkrza zɣ izmaz iqburn, zɣ imɣan lli mu ittyafa latṛ nnsn ɣ Walili, llant tmẓin, Ibawn, Tilintit, Aḍil d Tazart, ttyafan gis ula 57 n uzrg n uzatim (tamɛṣṣṛt n zzit). Ɣ uzmz n tnbaḍt n Iṛumiyn ar tssfuɣ Walili Azatim (zzit) d imudar gʷrdnin ula wid ḍuẓnin, zun d ifasiwn lli smaɣn Iṛumiyn d ismgan ar tn ttḍufn.

## Tuṣkiwt tamazdart
Ɣ uzmz n Iṛumiyn tbuɣla tmsdagt d lbni ɣ Walili s tɣarast taṛumiyt, tusɛu gis tmdint kigan, tugtt n tuṣkiwin ttuṣkant s yan wanaw n uẓṛu ar t id qqazn ɣ udranr n Ẓṛhun, iga uklu nns amiɣid yaẓ nn s ujnjaṛiy. Tettyawssan Walili s tugtt n fusayfisa ɣ ttuṛcamn imudar d imɣan lli gis llanin ɣ uzmz ann, ula wid ganin ɣar ummiyn.


File:Decumanus Maximus.jpg|alt=View up a wide street with a colonnade on the left side
File:Volubilis Tingis Gate.jpg|alt=View through a triple-arched gate looking downhill to a street lined with ruins
File:Volubilis North Baths.jpg |alt=View across a ruined bath complex showing the basins and water features

### Idrizn n tmdint
#### Tisntutin

* Basilika: tga zun d tasnbḍayt n ɣilad, tumẓ tajumma iggutn, tettuṣlaḥ gr isggʷsn 1965 d 1967.
* Kabiṭul: illa ɣ yiffus n Basilika, ittuṣka ɣ uzmz n Maṛkinus, asggʷas 217, ɣ wansa n ufuṛum aqdim, ittyawṣlaḥ ɣ usggʷas 1962.


File:Volubilis basilica exterior.jpg|alt=Exterior view of a ruined colonnaded building of which one wall still stands|Basilika zɣ bṛṛa
File:Volubilis basilica interior.jpg|alt=Interior view of a ruined colonnaded building showing the interior columns|Basilika zɣ ugns
File:Volubilis Capitoline temple.jpg|alt=View of the dais of a temple, with an altar standing on a square below and a series of reconstructed columns standing at the head of a set of steps leading up to the top of the dais|


#### Iggura
* Aggur n Ṭanja
* Aggur n Iẓẓlmḍ
* Aggur n iffus

#### Tigʷmma n tuzdɣt
Tigʷmma n middn inmɣun n Walili ttuṣkant s tɣarast taṛumiyt, ilint ɣ Dikumanus Maksimus asuk mqqurn ɣ tmdint.

* Tigmmi n Urfyus 
* Tigmmi n Finus (Takuct)
* Tigmmi n txddamin n Hiraql
* Iɣrm n Kardyan


File:Volubilis mosaic Bacchus and Ariadne.jpg|alt=Top-down view of an elaborate geometric mosaic with a circular inset showing Bacchus encountering the sleeping Ariadne|Fusayfisa n Baxus
File:Volubilis mosaic Four Seasons.jpg|alt=View of a mosaic in situ in a house in Volubilis|Fusayfisa n kkuẓ imirn
File:Mosaic-Sea monsters.jpg|Fusayfisa n Kibanu
File:Volubilis mosaic Diana and her nymph.jpg|alt=Top-down view of a square mosaic with a geometric border and a square inset showing Diana and her nymph surprised by Actaeon while bathing|
File:20151117_Morocco_2379_Volubilis_sRGB_%2824188271160%29.jpg| Fusayfisa n Imudar
File:Particolare di mosaico, Volubilis.jpg
File:The_Acrobat_Mosaic_Volubilis_Morocco_-_panoramio.jpg|Fusayfisa n bu tfṛfṛa
File:Maroc_-_Volubilis_-02.JPG|Fusayfisa n Hiṛaql


## Irzzutn irkyulujitn

Irzzutn ggutnin ɣ Walili ttuskarn ɣ uzmz n usdurry afṛaniṣ gr isggʷasn 1912 d 1955, macc ssntan dat n uzmz ad s tmrawin n isggʷasn. zɣ mad tsdurry Fṛanṣa Dzayr ɣ usggʷ 1930, ssntan imassan irkyulujitn ifṛanṣiṣn irzzutn ɣ idrizn n iṛumiyn llanin ɣ iẓẓlmḍ n tagut d tuẓẓumt n Tfriqt s tiḍaf n isrdasn n fṛanṣa. 

Irzzutn irkyulujitn iskr tn umrzu afṛanṣiṣ Hinri du la Martini gr isggʷasn 1887 d 1892 ɣ usggʷs n 1915 ismagl Ubir Lyuṭi, anbbaḍ amsrdas n Lmɣrib ɣ uzmz n usdurry, amrzu aṛkyuluji afṛanṣiṣ  Marsil Ugist Dyulafwa **([[:en:Marcel-Auguste Dieulafoy|en]])** ad iskar irzzutn ɣ udɣar n walili, dffir as iswuri gis Lwis Catilan **<small>([[:en:Louis Chatelain|en]])</small>**. Alliɣ yumẓ lmɣrib azarug nns, smdn isnubbucn ɣ udɣar n Walili ddu tnbaḍt n lmɣtib.

## Azmem ɣ Yunisku
Tskchim Yunisku adɣar n Walili i tlgamt n idɣarn n taysi tamaḍlant ɣ usggʷas 1997. Ɣ isggʷsn n id 80, iskr usqqim agraɣlan n idrizn d idɣarn (ICOMOS) kṛaḍt tinawin d inmuqqarn f idɣarn lli isẓḍaṛ ad kcimn s tlgamt n taysi tamaḍlqnt ɣ iẓẓlmḍ n Tfriqt, ismagl ilmma usqsim ad ɣ usggʷas 1997 bac ad tkcim Walili s tlgamt n taysi tamaḍlant acku iga yan udɣar ittufragn, iḥḍu timitar n tbɣurt n Iṛuminyn, tqbl t ilma Yunisku tsskcim t s tlgamt nns n taysi tamaḍlant.

## Ẓṛ uggar
* Arukas
* Calla
* Tamuda

## Izdayn n bṛṛa

*Asitwib n usenfaṛ n Walili
*Walili ɣ usitwib n yunisku

## Tisaɣulin