Buṛɣwaṭa

**Buṛɣwaṭa** nɣ **Bulɣwaṭa** (s tɛṛabt: برغواطة nɣ بلغواطة) gan yan umqqun n twsitin timaziɣin nna tt inn ikkan izdɣ g tmazirt n Tamsna, gin zɣ umqqun n Imẓmudn. Ḍart n ukccum nnsn llf d tgrawla n iẓufriyn inufuɣn ɣ Lmɣrib mgal n txalifat n Bnu Umayya, skrn yan uwank s tsnimant da umẓn (gr 744-1085 ḌT) ɣ tsga n Tmsna ɣ izɣarn iṭlanṭiyn gr Asfi d Sla ddaw n tnbaḍt n Ṭarif Lmṭɣri.

### Amzruy
Drusn ifruritn da ttwassanin f tgldit n Burɣwaṭa. Amata n isugam imzrayn gan imaẓuẓn f uzmz ɣ tt inn tkka tnbaḍt nnsn, ar anɣ akkan ɣ kigan n tkkal yat umnaḍ amzray amglan irwin, isduwwaxn. Maccan illa yan ɣ ibayn is t naḥya. Yan uslid iga t ɣayda yara Abu Ṣaliḥ Zmmur, nna tt inn ikkan iga waggag mqqurn n Ibrɣwaṭn, ig amsqad nnsn s Quṛṭuba ɣ imisi n tasuta tis 10. Umla da anɣ ifka ad igan wida akkʷ fruririnin f Burɣwaṭa. Sslkmn anɣ tn id Lbakri, Ibn Ḥazm d Ibn xaldun mqqar immzri ufasr nnsn ɣ kra n tnqqaḍ.

Ssntan iburɣwaṭn, ɣ tsga n Iɣumarn d Imknasn, tagrawla tamaziɣt n 739/740. Ssrɣn as waggagn inufuɣn iẓufrann da igan yan taggayt tasgdant nna iflsn s yat tɣarast n usngiddi ɣ tnmgla i tarisṭuqraṣt n Quṛayc lli d imqqurn ddu txalifat n Banu Umayya. Stin iɣwwaɣn Maysara Lmṭɣri ad ig amɣar fad ad igli aɣwwɣ nnsn, mursn, amẓn ikalln n Lmɣrib atrar. Aya issimn tiɣwwɣin yaḍnin ɣ Lmɣrib d Wandalus. Ɣ Imnɣi n Baqdura, fnan iɣwwaɣn yan tsrdast nit idusn nna nn srsn yuzn uxalif n Banu Umayya zɣ Surya. Maccan tasrdast n iɣwwaɣn iṛẓa ɣd nttat ɣ imisi n Qayṛawan, Ifriqiyya ɣ 741. Ḍar n tṛẓi ad, tlluzza akkʷ tuṛfa nnsn. Dat akkʷ ad ijṛu maya, bdan yad ibrɣwaṭn, lli igan imsrsal n tɣwwaɣt, ar ttḍiqn acku iɣwwaɣn da iggʷran is kcmn, slawant akkʷ imɣarn n ijanatn, ran ad awin tanbaḍt  s wawwas n ikumisirn iẓufṛann. Lliɣ yad mursn ɣ uwttas nnsn amzwaru nna igan asdrfi n mddn zɣ tnbaḍt n Banu Umayya, ur d iɣama kra tn ittajjan ad sul drrun s tsrdast.

Ɣ 742 nɣ 743, ffɣn iburɣwaṭn tuṛfa n iɣwwaɣ, urrin s tsga n Tamsna lli illan ɣ uzaɣar utrim n Lmɣrib, skrn gis tagldit nnsn, fln tanufuɣt taẓufṛant nnsn.

Uggar n kraḍt tustin ad tkka tsga n tamsna ɣ ddu tnbaḍt n Ibrɣwaṭn (744-1058). Ddu tnbaḍt n Ṣaliḥ Bn Ṭarif, Ilyas Bn Ṣaliḥ (792-842); Yuns (842-888) d Bu Ɣufayl (888-913) tdus d tgldit, ar tssifiḍ imazann s tiwsatin taddjarin. Ɣ tuddma, kkant tt inn tzdayin ingrasn d Txalifat Tumayyat n Quṛṭuba fulkint, macc ɣ tgira n tasuta tis mrawt tṛẓa s tmntilt n sin wazzaɣn n Banu Umayya, d kra wazzaɣn sɣ dar ifaṭimiyn nna mi ɣnsn Ibrɣwaṭn, yili gr asn d Ayt Yfrn yan umnɣi icddan zɣ tasuta tis 11. Mqqar d lmḍn Ibrɣwaṭn g yan uzmz, iẓḍiṛn sul ad ɣnsn i wazzaɣn n Imrabḍn — Immut gisn umɣar asgdan n Imṛabḍn Ɛbdlalh Bn Yasin ɣ ubaraz n imnɣi g 7 Yulyu 1058. 1149 ka a ɣ rẓan ibrɣwaṭn, fnun tn imuwḥḥidn, nɣubun am tgrumma tasrtant tasgdant.

### Tiwsatin
Sin wagnarn d tẓat twsatin ad tt inn ikkan kcmnt ɣ umqqun n Burɣwaṭa, iḍfuṛnt 12 zgitsnt asgd n Burɣwaṭa, ɣamant tiyyaḍ f Lislam.

#### Tiwsatin ḍfarnin asgd aburɣwaṭ (irks d Lislam)

* Igrawn (جراوة)
* Izwaɣn (زواغة)
* Brans (البرانس)
* Ayt Bu Naṣr (بني أبي ناصر)
* Imnjaẓn (منجصة)
* Ayt Bu Nuḥ (بني أبي نوح)
* Ayt Waɣmr (بني واغمر)
* Imṭɣrn (مطغرة)
* Ayt Burɣ (بني بورغ)
* Ayt Drr (بني درّ)
* Imṭmaṭn (مطماطة)
* Ayt Zksnt (بني زكسنت)

#### Tiqbilin Tinslmin Tinufuɣin

* Ijanatn n udrar (زناتة الجبل)
* Ayt Bllit (بنو بليت)
* Inmlaln (نمالة)
* Iwnsnt (أونسنت)
* Ayt Yfrn (نو يفرن)
* Ayt Naɣit (بنو ناغيت)
* Ayt Nnɛman (بنو النعمان)
* Ayt Fllusn (بنو فلوسة)
* Ayt Kuna (وبنو كونة)
* Ayt Skbbr (بنو سبكر)
* Aẓẓadn (أصّادة)
* Irgragn (رُكانة)
* Imanadn (منادة)
* iminn (أزمين)
* Imasinn (ماسينة)
* Irẓann (رصانة)
* Itrarn (ترارته)

Kra zɣ twsatin ad ittyubdarn, zun d Brans, Imṭmaṭn, Yfrn d Itrarn gan ɣar ixsan zɣ twsatin mqqurnin, ɣar tida llanin ɣ tsga n Tmsna ad ikcmn s umqqun n Burɣwaṭa.

## Tisaɣulin