Taqrṭajt

**Taqrṭajt** niɣ d **Qrṭaj** tga s yat tklit awank d tiɣrmt Tafiniqt ɣ taɣart n yill n tfriqt tagafant (ɣilli ɣ tlla Tuns ɣilad), tkka tt inn tga imili akkʷ issugrn, lli akkʷ idusn, akkʷ iflin ɣ kullu mad issutln i  yill agrakal.  

Ibḍa umzruy nns s smmus n izmaz, ad tn igan d ɣwid:  

# Taqrṭajt taqburt (Tagdudant Tabuniq), gr 814 ar 146 DT
# Taqrṭajt Taṛmmuyt, gr 146 ar 439.
# Taqrṭajt Tawndalust, gr 439 ar 534.
# Taqrṭajt Tabizanṭit, gr 534 ar 698.
# Taqrṭajt Tamuslmt, gr 698 ar 1270.

## Ism
Tga "Tqrṭajt" yan usmazɣ i tguri "**Qart Ḥadact**" iga unamk nns: "Tiɣrmt Tamaynut". Igrikn fkan as ism n -{*Karchedon*}- lli rad sul tg dar Yiṛmmuyn -{"*Cartajo*}-".

## Amzruy

### Tuṣka n tɣrmt
Tettyawbna Tqrṭajt ɣ usggʷas n 814 DT s ifassn n yat tgldunt Tafiniqt ism as "Didu" (mqqar illa yan umrara n wawal iggutn f tilit nns), tzug tmɣart ad s tmazirt n Yimaziɣn acku f tmurrant da iskar gʷmas Pigmalyun ɣ tmazirt n ma iga ɣassad Lubnan.  

Aflla n yat twrirt taggʷyilel n yill agrakal a ɣ tbna "Didu" tiɣrmt n Tqrṭajt, tg nn gis yan uftas imẓẓiyn ar gis tbddadn iɣrrubba, tmmuss gis tsbbabt. 

Rad tssnti tɣrmt n Didu ad ttimɣur kud lli rad d srs ackn yat tgrumma n imzwagn Yifinqn dffir uslak n Walikṣanḍr Azarraf i tɣrmt n Ẓuṛ illan ɣ Lubnan ɣ usggʷas 332DT. Awin d ditsn akkʷ ayda nnsn. Imikk s imikk rad tiwrri Tqrṭajt tga yan iɣrm iflujjan illan d ugayyu nns.

Iqrtajn rad  darsn tili yat tzdayt tamyaɣt d Yimaziɣn (Ayt tmazirt) slawan gisn taqbilt n Masaysili (*Masaesyli)* igan yat tqbilt Tanumidt, lli rad tg yan ugzzum ɣ tsrdast nnsn, gn gis kra n imnayn cwanin. Ɣakud ann ilmma rad tftu Tqrṭajt aylliɣ tumẓ mad ur idrusn ɣ ikaln, ɣ tfriqt n ugafa tlkm ar Andalus. Tg xtalli akkʷ issugrn, d tnbɣurt n tmizar n uwzan agrakal.

### Imiɣn ibuniqn
Tlla yat tgzirt tama n iṭalya ism as Tasqillit, tkka tt inn ttyawbḍa ngr tnbaḍt n Ṛuma ɣ yat tsga, d tin Tqrṭajt ɣ tsga yaḍni, ɣaylli yadda isrgn ɣ yan imiɣ da as ssaɣn ism n "Imiɣn Ibuniqn" lli ganin yat tsrslt n imiɣn ngr sin iwunak ad, imiɣn-ad gan kṛaḍ ɣ wuṭṭun, d rad ggurun s yan ufrag Aṛmmuy i Tqrṭajt ikkan kṛaḍ n isggʷasn d lliɣ rad jdrn Yirmmuyn akkʷ mad illan ɣ Tɣrmt tg ilmma ɣar iɣd.

Imaziɣn illa darsn yan yiḍiṣ bahra mqqurn ɣ imiɣn-ad.

### Taqrṭajt Taṛmmuyt
Ukan ɣilad lliɣ gan Yiṛmmuyn agʷri i Tqrtajt, rad stin yat tɣrmt yaḍni ism as "Utiqa" nttat a rad tg tuẓẓumt n tnbaḍt nnsn, rad iɣama waddad f ɣik ad ar azmz n Yulyus Qizar lli iskrn ad daɣ ibnu tiɣrmt, smmus n isggʷasn f tmttant nns ha nn Taqrṭajt tbuɣla daɣ, is akkʷ tumẓ adɣar i tɣrmt n Utiqa.  

Ftant tɣawsiwin daɣ f mayann aylliɣ tt zban Yiwndaln ddu ugllid nnsn Gaysrik ɣ usggʷas 439.  

### Taqrṭajt Tawndalit d Tbiẓantiṭ
Iwndaln utn afus, bbrqcn ssɣ yida astratijiy lli illan dar tmdint n Tqrṭajt afad ad bbin iɣarasn i iɣrubba nna ɣinn zraynin, ar tn ttakʷrn. 
Urmn Yiṛmmuyn ad tt inn daɣ ssaḍun s darsn macc bla amurs, iqqan d fllatsn ɣilad ad ssikdn s tgldit n Yiwandaln i ugzzum ann n Tfriqt n ugafa, skrn ditsn yan ikmrbbi (tamyaqqant) n ufra.  

Agllid Awndal amggaru "Glimr" igan Amasiḥiy Aryusiy rad iskr yat tiniɣit i Yimasiḥiyyn Imkṛaḍn, mayad rad nit isfurrg Amnkud Aṛmmuy n ugmmuḍ igan ula ntta Amkṛaḍ, s tmrarut rad as yazn yat tsrdast rad tnru iwndaln s tirxi, tfḍḍu d uṭuf nnsn i tmdnt. 

### Taḍuṛi n Tqrṭajt
D utwant n Lislam, rad nrun Isrɣinn Ibiẓanṭiyn ɣ tmaɣt n Tqrṭajt, isrɣinn rad nit smrdukkun tamdint, ẓẓun ɣ ibiẓanṭiyn, bnun tamdint n Tuns, rad gis thllun, lliɣ ffuɣn isrɣinn ackin d iwunak imuslmn n Yimaziɣn macc ur as fkin bahra d atig, d ɣ usggʷas n 1270, fln tt akkʷ middn, ur rad sul gis izdɣ ḥtta yan.

## Tisaɣulin