Madrid

**Madrid** tga tamaẓunt d tɣrmt akkʷ da bahra itkarn s mddn ɣ Sbanya. Tiɣrmt ad gis ma ittggan 3.4 id mlyun n imzdaɣn, ar lkkmn man ur yaggugn i 7 mlyun ɣ usarag amiṭṛubulitan. Nttat ad igan tiɣrmt tis snat da tnt yugrn ɣ tamunt Turubit (TmTr). Arndsma n Madrid iɣʷi yan usarag n 604.3 km2. Tiɣrmt n Madrid tlla f wasif n Manzanares ɣ wammas n tgzirt taybirit ɣ 650 mitru nnig waman n ill. Tga tamaẓunt n Sbanya d tmnaḍt tagrummant n Madrid (sɣ 1983), tg tuẓẓumt n tsrtit d tdamsa d tdlsa n tmazirt. Tifiras n ungigt n Madrid nẓlint s yan unbdu irɣan d yat tagrst iṣmmiḍn.

Asgudi Amddin Uɣrim n Madrid (AsAmUɣM) iga wis sin ɣ GDP ɣ Tamunt Turubit, ula ila iḍiṣ nns ɣ tsrtit d usslmd d ufjjij d twnnaḍt d umidya d imuḍa d twssna d tdlsa d tẓuriwin. Ɣayad akkʷ a tt ittajjan ad tg yat ɣ tɣrmiwin mqqurnin n ddunit. S usnulfu nns adamsan d uswir yattuyn n tudrt d yan ugdz iflin, Madrid tga sul tuẓẓumt taẓṛfant tamqqurt d issl iẓẓimiẓn n tgzirt taybirit d  win iffus n Urupa.

## Aẓuṛ n ism
• Iẓuran n ism n Madrid ur wala ttyawssann. Llan kra n irimn f mad igan aẓur n ism ad n "Madrid" (kullu tnt illa gisnt kra n umukris ɣ ussfru n ugʷmmay n ism ad amzruyan):

1) Yan irim inna is d ikka takltiyt (Madrid < Magetoritum; s uẓur "-ritu" da isnamkn "azagar").

2) Sɣ taɛrabt *maǧrà* / majrā (isnamkn "ɣilli ɣ izray asif") niɣ d sɣ Tɛrabt: مجريط, *majrīṭ*, isnamkn "tala", "aɣbalu". Ɣwad iga ism amzwaru da illan ɣ warratn zdinin d udɣar ad.

3) Yan uẓuṛ amuzarab n tlatinit *matrix*, *matricis* (dɣ nttat tsnamk "ɣilli ɣ izray wasif").
### Ismawn yaḍnin
Ḍfṛismawn n tɣrmt n Madrid s umagut gan tn *Los Madriles* d *El Foro* (isnamkn 'asgraw'). *La Villa y Corte* (isnamkn 'tiɣrmt d ibrgmmi') ar d issktay assmɣr da ittyawfkanin i tɣrmt ad.

## Amzruy
Adɣar ann n Madrid tatrart ittyawzdaɣ sɣ izmaz n ma izwurn amzruy, llan ɣinn isagurn n usdurri n ikltiyyn Karbataniyn d tgmma tirumaniyyin d yat tbzilikt Taqutit nnig aẓallu n Santa María de la Almudena, ilin kraḍ n ibrsmḍal iqutiyyn nnig Casa de Campo d Titwan d Vicálvaro.

### Azmz anammas
Arra amzwaru n umzruy da isawaln f udɣar ittrsln ɣ Madrid ikka d azmz n Imuslmn. Ɣ uzgn wis sin n tasut tis 9, agldun umawi Muḥammad Amzwaru ibna yan ugadir f yan udrar nnig i wasif n Manzanares. Ig yan ɣ igudar ggutnin da imuzr ugldun ad ad ttyawbnan ɣ iẓiki gr Andalus d tgldiwin n Lyun d Qctala, s uwttas n tarayt n Tulidu f wazzaɣn n imsiḥiyn, ula ad daɣ ig amdgar n tukya n Imuslmn. Lliɣ tbḍa lxlift n Qurtuba ɣ tzwiri n tasut tis 11, Madrid tkcm ɣ tgrumma n Ṭulidu.

Ɣ umnaḍ n lḥṛkt iflin n uṭuf n tgrumma n Tuliḍu da issntin ɣ 1079, Madrid tettyawzba ɣ 1083 s ufus n Alfonso wis sḍis n Lyun d Qctala, iwats ɣwad ad issmrs tiɣrmt zun d yan ida n tiffaɣ mgal Ṭuliḍu, da ittɣʷin ɣ 1085. Mad d ikkan mnid i uṭuf ad, imsiḥiyn zdɣn ammas n tɣrmt, imuslmn d wudayn mmattin s uzlag n tɣrmt, Madrid d yuckan tama n Ilcala (illan sul ddu tnbaḍt n imuslmn ar 1118), tɣama iza tga tamazirt n ugrakal ɣ yan wakud, tnnar kra n lḥṛkat ɣ uzmz n Imrabḍn, agadir nns ittyawrdal ɣ 1110.

### Azmz atrar
Ɣ tgrawla n Qumunirus da igli Juan Lopez de Padilla, Madrid tkcm dɣ nttat mgal Tcarl, amnkud n Tmnuka Tarumant Tafuẓaṛt, is ka lliɣ tṛẓa ɣ imnɣi n Villalar, Madrid ittyuga as ufrag, sdurrin tt ilmma imknasn n umnkud. Waxxa dɣmkann tiɣrmt ad iɣama as izwl asmɣran n Kurunada (Isni) d Tumnkidt.

Uṭṭun n imzdaɣn n tɣrmt iɣli sɣ 4,060 ɣ usggʷas n 1530 ar 37,500 ɣ usggʷas n 1594. Imzdaɣn imqrutn n tnbaḍt ar tettili s imknasn iqburn, imzditn, imddukkal d Ruanes, ur mmurwin s tusra n utci d utwan n itaggn. Ɣ yunyu 1561 Filip wis sin isrs ibrgmmi nns ɣ Madrid, ig tt inn d ibrgmmi aqbur. S ɣmkad, tiɣrmt n Madrid turri d tga tuẓẓumt n tsrtit n tgldit, tg tamaẓunt n Sbanya aysilad yat tzizit gr 1601 d 1606 da ɣ tmatti tnbaḍt s Baladawid. 

Filip wis smmus ibna gis Ibrgmmi agldan, tamguri tagldant n usutn d tkadimin tigldanin timzwura. Tanbaḍt n Kaṛluṣ wis kraḍ, da bahra  ittyawssann s "unmɣur da tn akkʷ yufn ɣ Madrid", iga ɣakudann tuggas ad irar ɣ tɣrmt ad tga yat tmaẓunt idusn, s uzzray n trgʷa n waman d iswak d tifawin d ismḍal bṛṛa n tmdint d kra n idɣarn d twssna d tdlsa. Macc isnfal da d yiwi luzir nns Asisli mgalan disn middn ɣ 1766 ɣ mad ittyawssann s Imnɣi n Iskilac, yat tgrawla yutsn ad sittin yan umuṛṣum n ugdal n ussmrs n tarazal n iqburn d ixnifn s usggru ad krin tukkṛḍa ɣ ɣ ugns tɣrmt.

### Imnɣi uɣrim wis sin
Adustur n Sbanya n 1931 iga amzwaru da issutln f ussdɣr n tmaẓunt n tmazirt, tettyawbdar gis Madrid s unamk idusn. Ɣ isgasn n 1930, Madrid tfjjij s yan "umussu uddir"; tga yat tɣrmt tazdɣant tamaynut, tkcm as tɣrma s usskfl  tg tuẓẓumt n umussutn isrtann imaynutn. Ɣ wakud ad, tuṣkiwin bahra mqqurnin ssntin d gis. 

Madrid tga yat ɣ tmdinin da akkʷ bahra ttutnin ɣ Imnɣi uɣrim n Sbanya (1936-1939). Tga ansa ittyamaẓn ɣ ifassn Républicanos (Igdudaniyn) sɣ yulyuz 1936, tg yat tiẓṛi tamaḍlant n tmazzla mgal Afacizm ɣ imnɣi ad. Tiɣrmt tnnar acrcm aylalan, ɣ Nuwambir 1936,   tḍr nn ɣ ifassn n Ifaciyn ɣ mars 1939.

## Tisaɣulin