Amtwi n Lhri

**Amtwi n Lhri** iga yan umtwi lliɣ drant tqbilin n ẓayan timɣribin, ddaw n tnara Muḥmmad Bn ḥmmu aẓayi g wass n aṣiḍyaṣ 25 du lḥijja 1332 ahijri (1914 n tlalit) ig ufna nnsnt fṛanṣa tamkkast tizi ann, fṛanṣa lli ikkusan lmṛṛuk taɣamt s taɣamt.
Imsar umtwi g udɣar ar as ttinin lhri lli  yaggugn f tɣrmt n xnifra 10 kilumitr f iffus, iḍfaṛ umtwi ad i imnɣi n ẓayan, lliɣ drant tqbilin n ẓayan akkʷ ḥma ad mdint i fṛanṣa ad asn ur ikkusu tamazirt n lmɣrib. ikmml umtwi ann lliɣ nran ayt ẓayan isardasn ifṛanṣin lli asn igan akud ann anbdad labiṛdu lli immutn g umtwi ann.

## Timntal n umtwi n lhri
Ira usdurri afṛanṣi ad inbḍ ikkusu adrar n waṭlaṣ amqran akkʷ d umṛwaṣu d umẓyan ḥma ad tn igli zɣ ignna d wakal igli t awd zɣ iftasn, ḥma ad fllas isrs tanbaḍt nns, iẓẓu gis laman i middn ibṛṛanin ifṛanṣin lli siggilnin tanyaft nnsn  ɣ tmurt n lmɣrib, ḥma ad asin ayda nns kkusun aynna gis illan. f iɣ ira  umsdurri afṛanṣi mayan ur dars bla ad ikkusu laṭlaṣ amṛwaṣu lli igan aɣaras astṛatiji lli ibḍan ngr iẓẓlmḍ d iffus, ibḍu awd ngr tagut d iming, tg fṛanṣa tizi ann afna n tɣrmt n ujda d lmɣrib aminig n iffus, tg afna n tmnaḍin izdin d iwutta n dzayr.

Yili dar waṭlaṣ amṛwaṣu yan waddur amqran ajugṛafi d ula ɣ tdamsa g iswirn akkʷ n tkrza d tagant d waman, acku iga ifri n kigan n isaffn d iɣzran lli ingin s waman n udfl iḍḍaṛn g tmnaḍt ann s tugtt, isaffn llan fllasn uggugn lli ittarun asid, ili f wasif n um ṛbiɛ abrid izdin ngr mṛṛakc d fas d tɣrmt n xnifra.

Adɣar astṛatiji n waṭlaṣ amṛwaṣu yujja fṛanṣa ad tswingm ad tkkusu adrar  amṛwaṣu  ḥma ad gis tṛẓm i iɣarasn lli isslkamn tiɣawsiwin ngr fas d mṛṛakc, ilin wayda n waṭlaṣ lli tra fṛanṣa ad gn win nns. fṛanṣa lli immaɣn d tmbṛaṭuṛit n lalman d umun nns g ddaw n tnbdadt n bismaṛk g imnɣi amaḍlan.  d ayt ẓayan lli imdin f tmurt nnsn  mmaɣn d fṛanṣa llan ḥḍan ngr idurar waṭlaṣ amṛwaṣu.

G usggʷas n 1914 g 2 may, imla lyuṭi udm n fṛanṣa lli tssrkʷs igan udm n usdurri, lliɣ illa: ‘tamazirt n ẓayan tga talilt n ku ma iran a iffɣ zɣ ddaw n tnbaḍt nnɣ g lmɣrib n tuẓẓumt, d tiddas lli nn gant tqbilin ad n ẓayan ɣ ugʷns n wakal nnɣ lli nkkusa, d tazdayt illan ngr as d tqbilin lli aɣ iḍfaṛn, iga kra igan inmizi f ili nnɣ,  d iɣwwaɣn iffɣn zɣ ddaw n tnbaḍt nnɣ, issusmtn lliɣ asn tlla tsqqi gr idrarn n waṭlaṣ amaṛwaṣu ɣ llan ayt ẓayan, d lliɣ mlalnt tqbilin ad asrs n isardasn, d idɣarn lli nkkusa, iga mayan  asdiddiy i idɣarn nnɣ, ig darnɣ awttas ad nn nṭṭay ayt ẓayan zɣ igʷmmaḍn n wasif n um ṛbiɛ.’

Nukz zɣ wawal n lyuṭi mas illa f  fṛanṣa ad tmmaɣ d tqbilin n ẓayan ig dars mayan awttas astṛatiji, lliɣ fllasn illa  ad glin ayt ẓayan lli ittawsn i tqbilin lli asn imlaln d uzaɣar lli tkkusa fṛanṣa, d tmnaḍin lli iran awd nttnti ad ffuɣnt zɣ ddaw n tiddas n fṛanṣa lli asn ikkisn ayda awd tamurt.

## Umnaḍ n umtwi n lhri
Lliɣ zrin kigan n imaɣn g tsga n tadla, idda ḥmmu aẓayyi nttan d umddakkʷl nns muḥa usɛid, s tɣrmt n xnifra lliɣ iga  anbdad nns, isman ayt ẓayan, isman tiqbilin n waṭlaṣ amṛwaṣu gnt yan, ilint d tqbilin n waṭlaṣ lli tn imlaln, allig isman tugt n isardasn mqqar ur ɣursn kigan n imassn n imnɣi d tɣawsiwin, ḥma ad ẓḍaṛn i imnɣi akud iɣzzifn.

Lliɣ ur ẓḍaṛn ifṛanṣin ad gn  muḥa uḥmmu ɣ tsga nnsn d gr ifassn nnsn, ɣtsn isardasn ɣ ddaw n tnbdadt n umuzr lkulunil hinris (henrys) ḥma  ad mmaɣn nɣn imzdaɣ n tqbilin n ẓayan, iklli inna ljiniṛal kyum: ‘tiddas  n ayt ẓayan  ur tlli g tugtt nnsn, tlla  tiddas nnsn  lliɣ nn gan tiggʷas ḥma ad rnun imnɣi, s tzmmar i ɣasn d tnggumt lli gisn illan, d ufuks n isan nnsn  lli igan s uṭṭun 2500 n urgaz, gn s tidt  tazmrt  imqqurn immaɣn  kigan n isggʷasn. d zzrb n twada nnsn d turrgza n irgazn nnsn d umummi nnsn iga  tamatart sisn  iẓlin.’

Tugga  ad lli ifka unmɣur n isardazn ifṛanṣin f ayt ẓayan mas gan  g ddaw n tnbdadt n muḥa uḥmmu irgazn imdin f tmazirt nnsn d tiddas ggutn ur  ilin anaw, s liman lli gisn illan d tayri n tmazirt nnsn d kiagn n imnɣitn lli urmn, s tugga ad ittyuran g umzruy gan ayt  ẓayan akkʷ imɣribin lli iḥaman f tmurt nnsn fkn as addur  awd tirlli. gn  imnɣa lli zzrin wid mqquṛn lli yuran amzruy amɣribi amaynu.

## Tifrkiwin n umtwi
Lliɣ kcmn ifṛanṣin s tmuzra n lkulunil hinris tiɣrmt  n xnifra g 12 yunyu 1914 s tuggt n isardasn lli izrin 30 n ifḍn n usardas. iffɣ umuzr muḥa uḥmmu aẓayyi tiɣrmt iddu s idrarn issutln i xnifra, ar zɣ gisn ittnbbaṛ i imnɣi ngr  as d fṛanṣa g tɣrmt n xnifra  d mad as isstln, allig ibṭṭṛ tizzla nnsn ismdudi abddi  nnsn.

Iɣama usardas muḥa uḥmmu nttan d imḍfaṛ nns g yan udɣar d tmanḍt  n lhri, irar taɣḍft i ku amussu skrn ifṛanṣin, ifln tiɣrmt n xnifra lli f imdi lkulunil hinris, tili tmazirt n lhri f tmyaggugt n 15 id kilumitr zɣ xnifra.

Lliɣ issn lkulunil mas illa muḥa uḥmmi aẓayyi g tmanḍt n lhri nttan d isardasn nns idrusn, ig ɣ yat tadggʷat n tgrst ɣ illa unẓaṛ 13 nuwanbir 1914 tawhalt nns  ḥma  a iddu iskkln f igiṭan n isardasn n muḥa  uḥmmu aẓayyi, inɣ tazzanin d iwssarn d tmɣarin. tgn fṛanṣa tizmmar nns  ḥma  ad tnɣ aẓuṛ n tgrawla ɣ inna ɣ d tnkr, inna  muḥmmad lmɛzuzi: ‘taɣwwaɣt lli iskr ufṛanṣi g wass n 12 n nuwanbir, skrn tt kkuẓt trubba kra iga tt yat  tuma 1300 n usardas, usin tuzzalin nnsn d tsddawin , iddu s udɣar  n lhri iskkln iḍuṛan d igiṭan n isardasn.’

Amtwi ann lli s iɣal ufṛanṣi  irxa, ur t itam is rad as ig taẓẓit n wanɣa s tzmmar n isradasn iẓayyin, tg yan imnɣi ɣ mmrwin idammn n ifṛanṣin d wakal. taɣwwaɣt  lli iskr ufṛanṣi f isardasn n ayt ẓayan iggut gis ttṛaḍ, issfal g wakud n tis kṛaḍt n yiḍ, glin adɣar lhri zɣ kkuẓt tsgiwin g yat tizi, ar tn kkatn s takat n uzzal, utn igiṭan g llan  wazzann d iwsarn nɣn tn, ddun isardasn s wanaḍ n labirdur ḥma  ad utn tiqbilin lli yaẓn i ilhri, frkn wiyyaḍ  i tawhalt darsn illan ddun  akʷrn izgarn d izammarn, akʷrn awd timɣarin. ɣaln is rnan amtwi.

Ddunt trubba yaḍn n ifṛanṣin ɣlin d idrarn ḥma  ad  ṭṭayn aynna gis irkʷsn  n irgazn n muḥa  uḥmmu aẓayyi, tg tmnaḍt n lhri adɣar ɣ trɣa  takat, ssɣdn mmidn lli as yaggugn  i tɣwwaɣt gis inkrn, iɣal umurz afṛanṣi  lli illan f umussu  ann asardas g lhri mas irna amtwi, d mas ibbi tankra n ayt ẓayan.

## Adwr s umtwi

Tga dar umurz afṛanṣi n tumast ann tasardast tanatamt, lliɣ iẓṛa ayt ẓayan rurn fllas s  tiddas  ggutn, issn  tizi ann mas illa  g yan ubddad  bahra  ixxan, d ur igi i tiddi ula tarwla, issn  is irna muḥa  uḥmmu aẓayyi  amtwi ann, lliɣ fllas  ḥaman t tqbilin lli as imlaln, lli d izzan  g  udɣar ann s  tizzla, zaydn t ad tiddas.(tiqbilin lli yiwsn i muḥa  uḥmmu aẓayyi ḥaman t fllas: icqqirn, ayt nuḥ, ayt bwici, ayt caṛt, ayt bumẓẓuɣ, ayt  xuya, ayt ḥnd, ayt iḥya, ayt sxman, ayt isḥaq taskart, ayt buḥddu, d imrabṭin, d  tqbilin n ẓayan. mmulin tqbilin ad f ufṛanṣi, glin t zɣ kra iga tt tasgaskkln t inn, mmaɣn dis s mad darsn  illan n tsddawin nnsn d imassn n uzzal d tizza, tizi ann ad mlan t tqbilin ann tayri nnsn  iggutn i umuzr muḥa uḥmmu, ḥaman tizi ann f ayt matn nnsn.

## Tinyafin n umtwi
Amtwi ad iga imnɣi  bahra ixxan dar ifṛanṣin, lliɣ asn gis immut kigan n isardasn d inbdadn, allig ssutrn imurzn nnsn tilila zɣ dar tnbaḍt tafṛansiṣt, macc muḥa  uḥmmu ur asn ifl tawhalt ḥma  ad rwln, iḍfaṛ isardasn nnsn irwln, iglitn zɣ kra iga tt tasga, a llig nn inɣa lkulunil lafridur g udɣar n buzal, srsn isardasn nnsn llid iɣaman tuzzalt s wakal alln ifassn nnsn  ilin ddaw n tmlla  n tqbilin n ẓayan. lliɣ yad inɣa muḥa  uḥmmu aẓayyi ma ittggan azgn n isardasn nnsn.

kigan n tinyafin a ifka umtwi n lhri lli imurz muḥa uḥmmu aẓayyi d tqbilin n ayt ẓayan lli dis  illan, tdus tyiti nnsn lli gan i fṛanṣa, kigan n isardasn ad asn nɣan d kigan n wayda lli disn illan ad asn iwin, inna ljiniṛal ‘kyum guillaume’ lli igan yan zɣ inbdadn isardasn lli idran g umtwi ann, g udlis nns lli yura ‘imaziɣn n lmɣrib d usyya n waṭlaṣ amṛwaṣu (1939/1912) : ‘ur jju ttṛẓan t tiddas nnɣ g tmazɣa iklli ttṛẓan t g umtwi ann n idammn.’

## Tiṛẓiwin d tmkkusa
Isulf muḥmmad lmxtar asusi g udlis nns ‘lmɛsul’ s tirra  nns  amtwi n lhri, mas gis immut uggan n simraw n udmawn isardasn inmɣurn, d tawjiwin n kigan n isardasn, inna f mayan : ‘imnɣi lli bahra imqquṛn g imnɣa iga t umtwi n lhri, lliɣ mmutn awd inmɣuṛn n isardasn ifaṛanṣin uggan n 20 zɣ  gisn lkulunilat (colonels) d lqbṭanat (capitains) d lfisyanat (officiers), s uzzgzn kcmn isardasn ifṛanṣin idrarn ann allig lkmn adɣar n lhri lli nbdr, azzln sisn isardasn n ayt ẓayan (g ddaw n tmuzra n muḥa uḥmmu aẓayyi) d mad dis illan glin tn ar gisn nqqan ar tn ttamẓn a llig gisn ur fln yan.’

Immut g umtwi ad 33 n imttin zɣ inbdadn d 650 n usardas d 176 ittayagas, isardasn imɣrabin usin kigan tsddawin d imassn n imnɣi imaynutn igan win ifṛanṣin, rnun kṛaḍt n tmstan mqquṛn d 10 n tmstan tiṛccacin d uṭṭun ggutn n tsddawin, d  kigan n isan lli yusin tabuhut n tsddawin.

## Tisaɣulin



## Tabilugrafit
* كتاب كباء العنبر من عظماء زيان وأطلس البربر (2004)
* كتاب مذكرات في تاريخ حركة المقاومة وجيش التحرير المغربي من 1947 إلى 1986
* كتاب معركة الهري، 13 نونبر 1914: صفحات من الجهاد الوطني
* كتاب المقاومة المغربية ضد الاحتلال الفرنسي: من احتلال فاس إلى معركة الهري، 1911-1914
* كتاب ملحمة البطولة: منطقة أيت با عمران
* كتاب انتفاضة الشاوية سنة 1907: دراسة، وثائق تاريخية، ملاحق أدبية
* الحماية جناية على الأمة: المغرب نموذجا
* https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/70999/novembre-1914-bataille-historique-d-el.html