Ratni zarobljenici

**Ratni zarobljenik** je lice koga su neprijateljske snage zarobile tokom ili nakon oružanog konflikta.

Jedna od osnovnih karakteristika boračkog statusa je da ukoliko borci padnu pod vlast neprijatelja oni dobijaju status ratnih zarobljenika.

Pored boraca, Trećom Ženevskom konvencijom status ratnih zarobljenika u slučaju zarobljavanja priznat je civilima koji prate oružane snage iako neposredno ne ulaze u njihov sastav, kao i članovima posada trgovačke mornarice i civilnog vazduhoplovstva strana u sukobu ukoliko u konkretnom slučaju po međunarodnom pravu ne uživaju povoljniji tretman. Reč je o istom krugu lica kojima je priznat status ranjenika, bolesnika i brodolomnika.

Pored ovih lica status ratnih zarobljenika imaju i pripadnici oružanih snaga okupiranih zemalja ukoliko okupator odluči da pristupi njihovom imterniranju kao i sva lica kojima je priznat ovaj status koja su na svoju teritoriju primile neutralne i nezaraćene sile pod uslovom da im ne bude priznat povoljniji položaj.

Postoje i lica kojima, iako ulaze u sastav oružanih snaga jedne od zaraćenih strana, ni u slučaju zarobljavanja, neće biti priznat status ratnih zarobljenika. Reč je o plaćenicima i špijunima.

Pod plaćenicima se podrazumevaju pre svega lica koja u neprijateljstvima učestvuju prevashodno motivisana ličnom korišću, koja nisu državljani strane u sukobu i koja su uglavnom regrutovana u inostranstvu. Špijunima se smatraju pripadnici oružanih snaga strane u sukobu ukoliko su uhvaćeni u špijunaži i nalaze se u vlasti protivničke strane. Pri tome, na osnovu tradicionalnog koncepta pravi se razlika između lica koja su se bavila špijunažom u uniformi svojih oružanih snaga ili bez nje, tako da se uniformisani obaveštajci za razliku od ovih drugih, neće smatrati špijunima.

Svrha interniranja ratnih zarobljenika nije njihovo kažnjavanje, imajući u vidu da oni ne mogu da odgovaraju za učestvovanje u neprijateljstvima već sprečavanje njihovog daljeg učestvovanja u borbi. Saglasno toma odredbe koje se tiču njihovog položaja predstavljaju kompromis između interesa sile u čijoj se vlasti nalaze, interesa sile kojoj zarobljenici pripadaju i interesa samih ratnih zarobljenika.

Pored opšteg nivoa zaštite koji je priznat i ostalim kategorijama zaštićenih lica a koja podrazumeva obavezu poštovanja fizičkog i psihičkog integriteta, ratni zarobljenici saglasno svom specifičnom statusu uživaju i dodatna prava. Tako na primer oni ne smeju biti prinudno ispitivani, niti se prema njima sme primeniti bilo koja metoda radi dobijanja informacija. Sila koja ih drži u zarobljeništvu mora obezbediti adekvatne uslove za njihov smeštaj, ishranu i odevanje, i ovi uslovi ne smeju biti nepovoljniji od uslova obezbeđenim sopstvenim jedinicama na tim mestima. U slučaju pokušaja bekstva, ratni zarobljenici mogu biti samo disciplinski kažnjeni dok im za krivična dela izvršena dok su pod ovim statusom mora biti obezbeđen pravičan i nepristrasan sudski postupak.

## Povezano
*Zarobljenički logor

## Literatura

* 
* Gendercide site
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*The stories of several American fighter pilots, shot down over North Vietnam are the focus of American Film Foundation's 1999 documentary *Return with Honor*, presented by Tom Hanks.
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* Devaux, Roger. *[https://books.google.com/books?id=lywC8ztFY8oC&pg=PA142#v=onepage&q&f=false Treize Qu'ils Etaient]: Life of the French prisoners of war at the peasants of low Bavaria (1939–1945)* – Mémoires et Cultures–2007–
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*Gascare, Pierre. *Histoire de la captivité des Français en Allemagne (1939–1945)*, Éditions Gallimard, France, 1967 – .
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* Bob Moore, and Kent Fedorowich. *The British Empire and Its Italian Prisoners of War, 1940–1947* (2002) [http://www.amazon.com/British-Empire-Italian-Prisoners-1940-1947/dp/0333738926/  excerpt and text search]
*David Rolf, *Prisoners of the Reich, Germany's Captives, 1939–1945*, 1998; on British POWs
* Scheipers, Sibylle [http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0159-2011050916 *Prisoners and Detainees in War *], European History Online, Mainz: Institute of European History, 2011, retrieved: 16 November 2011.
*Paul J. Springer. *America's Captives: Treatment of POWs From the Revolutionary War to the War on Terror* (University Press of Kansas; 2010); 278 pages; Argues that the US military has failed to incorporate lessons on POW policy from each successive conflict.
* | EBook 
*Richard D. Wiggers, "The United States and the Denial of Prisoner of War (POW) Status at the End of the Second World War", *Militargeschichtliche Mitteilungen* 52 (1993) pp.&nbsp;91–94.
*Winton, Andrew, *Open Road to Faraway: Escapes from Nazi POW Camps 1941–1945.* 2001. Cualann Press Ltd.
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* On 12 February 2013, three American POWs gathered at the Pritzker Military Library for a [http://www.pritzkermilitarylibrary.org/Home/POW-experience.aspx webcast conversation]  regarding their individual experiences as POWs and the memoirs they each published:
**Rhonda Cornum –  with Peter Copeland *She Went to War: The Rhonda Cornum Story* 1992 
**John L. Borling – a collection of his poetry *Taps on the Walls: Poems from the Hanoi Hilton* 2013 
**Donald E. Casey – *To Fight For My Country, Sir!: Memoirs of a 19 year old B-17 Navigator Shot Down in Nazi Germany'' 2009 

## Vanjske veze

* Prisoners of war and humanitarian law 
* The National Archives 'Your Archives' Prisoners of War 
* The National Archives ADM 103 Prisoners of War 1755–1831
* The National Archives 'Your Archives'—ADM 103 Prisoners of War 1755–1831 
* Soviet Prisoners of War: Forgotten Nazi Victims of World War II 
*Reports made by WW1 prisoners of war on The UK National Archives' website.
*First hand account of being a Japanese POW. Part 1 in a series of 4 video interviews
* German POWs and the art of survival 
* Current status of Vietnam War POW/MIA
* Clifford Reddish: War Memoirs of a British Army Signalman as a prisoner of the Japanese 
* CBC Digital Archives—Canada's Forgotten PoW Camps
*  German army list of Stalags
*  German army list of Oflags
*  Colditz Oflag IVC POW Camp 
* Lamsdorf Reunited 
* New Zealand Official History, New Zealand PoWs of Germany, Italy & Japan
* Notes of Japanese soldier in a USSR prison camp after WWII
*ICRC in WW II: German prisoners of war in Allied hands 
* World War 2 U.S. POW Archives 
* Korean War POW Archives 
* Historic films about POWs in World War I at europeanfilmgateway.eu
* Jewish POW swapped by Germans in World War II