Free jazz

**Free jazz** se javlja krajem 50-tih godina XX. stoljeća i razbija tradicionalni oblik improvizacije. Pokret se temeljio na potpuno slobodnoj improvizaciji. Glazbenici koji sviraju free jazz stilom odbacuju zadanu melodiju, harmoniju, oblik i ne koriste zadanu građu iz tonaliteta. Zvuk je često agresivan, glasan i disonantan.

Prve snimke snimaju grupe Inituition i Digression pod vodstvom Lenny Tristanoa. Probijanje stila počinje sredinom pedesetih godina snimkama Ornettea Colemana (Something Else i Tomorrow is the question) i prva dva albuma Cecila Taylora (Jazz advance i Looking ahead). Stil postiže najveću slavu kad Ornette Coleman dolazi u New York i izdaje albume "The shape of jazz to come" i "Change of century".

Dva najznačajnija predstavnika su: Ornette Coleman i John Coltrane. Drugi glazbenici koji su djelovali su: Sun Ra, Charles Mingus, Jackie McLean, Cecil Taylor, The Jimmy Giuffe Trio, Chico Hamilton.

Od europskih predstavnika ovog pravca treba izdvojiti saksofoniste: Petera Brötzmanna, Evana Parkera, trombonista Connyja Bauera, gitarista Dereka Baileya, pijanista Freda Van Hovea i bubnjara Hana Benninka. Treba izdvojiti i one koji su svoje  djelovanje započeli iza željezne zavjese poput: Tomasza Stanka, Zbigniewa Seiferta, te Vjačeslava Ganelina.

## Djelomična diskografija 1960. - 1972.

* Albert Ayler - Spiritual Unity (1965)
* Art Ensemble of Chicago - A Jackson in Your House (1969)
* Anthony Braxton -  Town Hall 1972 
* Peter Brötzmann - Machine Gun (1968)
* Derek Bailey, Barry Guy, Paul Rutherford - Iskra 1903 (1972)
* John Coltrane -  Ascension (1965)
* Ornette Coleman - Free Jazz: A Collective Improvisation  (1961)
* Don Cherry -  Mu (1&2) (1969)
* Jimmy Giuffre – Free Fall (1963)
* Gunter Hampel: Heartplants (1964)
* Tony Oxley: 4 Compositions for Sextett (1970)
* Michel Portal: Alors (1970)
* Manfred Schoof: Voices (1966)
* Alexander von Schlippenbach: Globe Unity
* Archie Shepp :  Mama Too Tight
* Alan Silva & The Celestrial Communications Orchestra  - Seasons
* Spontaneous Music Ensemble : Oliv (1969)
* Tomasz Stańko - Music for K (1970)
* John Surman - The Trio
* Cecil Taylor- Conquistador (1966)
* Synopsis - Auf der Elbe schwimmt ein rosa Krokodil
* Attila Zoller - The Horizon Beyond

## Dodatna literatura
* 
* 
*  Articles from *Jazz & Pop Magazine*. Reprint of the 1970 edition, New York: World Publishing Co.
* 
* 
* Such, David Glen (1993).  *Avant-Garde Jazz Musicians: Performing "Out There"*. Iowa City: University Of Iowa Press.  (cloth)  (pbk.).
* Szwed, John F. (2000). *Jazz 101: A Complete Guide to Learning and Loving Jazz*. New York: Hyperion. .
* Andre Asriel: *Jazz - Aspekte und Analysen.* Berlin 1985 (4. Aufl.) 
* Philippe Carles, Jean-Louis Comolli: *Free Jazz, Black Power.* Wolke, Hofheim 1980 (1971, dt. Übers. 1974. Neuauflage 1980)
* Todd S. Jenkins: *Free Jazz and Free Improvisation. An Encyclopedia.* Westport (CT), London: Greenwood Press 2004;  (Bd. 1, A-J), 0-313-33314-9 (Bd. 2, K-Z)
* Ekkehard Jost: *Europas Jazz:1960-80.* Frankfurt am Main 1987
* Bert Noglik: *Improvisierte Musik in der Folge des Free  Jazz: Kontinuum - Beliebigkeit - Stilpluralismus.* In: Darmstädter Jazzforum 1989, S. 14–22

## Vanjske veze
* "Where Did Our Revolution Go? Free Jazz Turns Fifty"  by Ted Gioia, (Jazz.com ).
* The Real Godfathers of Punk by Billy Bob Hargus (July 1996).
* Free Jazz: The Jazz Revolution of the '60s by Robert Levin (June 2006).
* "A new approach to Jazz"