Thomas Paine

**Tomas Pejn** (; Tetford, 29. januar 1737 — Njujork, 8. jun 1809) je bio američki pisac i revolucionar rođen u Britaniji. Odrastao u porodici kvekera. U Ameriku je otišao 1774. i u Ratu za nezavisnost borio se na strani kolonista. Vratio se u Englesku 1789. ali pošto je optužen za izdaju pobegao je u Francusku gde je bio pristalica republikanizma. Za vreme jakobinske diktature jedva je izbegao giljotinu. Pejnov radikalizam spojio je privrženost političkoj slobodi sa snažnom verom u suverenitet naroda što je inspirisalo i liberalni republikanizam i socijalistički egalitarizam.

U decembru 1793 je uhapšen i zatvoren u Parizu, a zatim pušten 1794. Razlog hapšenja je njegova knjiga Doba Razuma u kojoj se objašnjava Deizam, promoviše razložno rasuđivanje, slobodno mišljenje i zalaže protiv institucionalizovane religije, posebno hrišćanske doktrine.
U Ameriku se vratio 1802. Umro je 8. juna 1809 u Njujorku. Samo šest ljudi je prisustvovalo njegovoj sahrani jer je bio izopšten zbog njegovog omalovažavanja hrišćanstva .

## Dela
Njegova najznačajnija dela su:
* *Zdrav razum* (1777)
* *Prava čoveka* (1791/92)
* *Doba razuma* (1794)

U delu "Doba razuma", Tomas Pejn kaže:
Ja ne verujem u veru koju ispoveda jevrejska crkva, rimska crkva, grčka crkva, turska crkva, protestantska crkva, niti bilo koja crkva, koliko ja znam. Moj um je moja sopstvena crkva. Sve te institucionalizovane crkve, ... meni izgledaju kao ljudske tvorevine, izmišljene da zastraše i porobe čovečanstvo, ako i da monopolizuju moć i profit.

## Reference

## Literatura

* Aldridge, A. Owen, 1959. *Man of Reason: The Life of Thomas Paine.* Lippincott. Regarded by British authorities as the standard biography.
* Aldridge, A. Owen, 1984. *[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=lN582EPgp40C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Owen+Aldridge#v=onepage&q=&f=false Thomas Paine's American Ideology]*. University of Delaware Press.
* Alfred Jules Ayer, 1988. *Thomas Paine*. University of Chicago Press.
* Bernard Bailyn, 1990. "Common Sense", in Bailyn, *Faces of Revolution: Personalities and Themes in the Struggle for American Independence*. Alfred A. Knopf.
* Richard B. Bernstein "Review Essay: Rediscovering Thomas Paine". *New York Law School Law Review,* 1994 – valuable blend of historiographical essay and biographical/analytical treatment.
* Marilyn Butler, 1984. *Burke Paine and Godwin and the Revolution Controversy*.
* Gregory Claeys, 1989. *[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=10lR6gi5sswC&printsec=frontcover&dq=claeys+thomas+paine#v=onepage&q=&f=false Thomas Paine, Social and Political Thought]*. Unwin Hyman. Excellent analysis of Paine's thought.
* Conway, Moncure Daniel, 1892. *The Life of Thomas Paine*, 2 vols. G.P. Putnam's Sons, Vol. 1 (E'book), Vol. 2 (E'book). Long hailed as the definitive biography, and still valuable.
* Howard Fast, 1946. *Citizen Tom Paine* (historical novel, though sometimes mistaken as biography).
* Ferguson, Robert A. "The Commonalities of Common Sense", *William and Mary Quarterly,* July 2000, Vol. 57#3, pp.&nbsp;465–504. in JSTOR.
* Eric Foner, 1976. *Tom Paine and Revolutionary America*. Oxford University Press. The standard monograph treating Paine's thought and work with regard to America.
* Eric Foner, 2000, "Paine, Thomas" in ''American National Biography Online''
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* Hawke, David Freeman, 1974. *Paine*. Regarded by many American authorities as the standard biography.
* Christopher Hitchens, 2006. *Thomas Paine's "Rights of Man": A Biography*.
* Kates, Gary, 1989, "From Liberalism to Radicalism: Tom Paine's Rights of Man", *Journal of the History of Ideas*: 569–587.
* Harvey J. Kaye, 2005. *Thomas Paine and the Promise of America*. Hill and Wang.
* Keane, John, 1995. *Tom Paine: A Political Life*. London. One of the most valuable recent studies.
* Lamb, Robert. "Liberty, Equality, and the Boundaries of Ownership: Thomas Paine's Theory of Property Rights". *Review of Politics,* Summer 2010, Vol. 72, Issue 3, pp.&nbsp;483–511.
* Lessay, Jean. L'américain de la Convention, Thomas Paine: Professeur de révolutions. Paris: Éditions Perrin, 1987, 241 pp.
* Levin, Yuval. *The Great Debate: Edmund Burke, Thomas Paine, and the Birth of Right and Left* (Basic Books, 2013) 275 pp.; their debate over the French Revolution.
* Joseph L. Lewis, 1947,. *Thomas Paine: The Author of the Declaration of Independence*. New York: Freethought Association Press Assn.
* Nelson, Craig, 2006. *Thomas Paine: Enlightenment, Revolution, and the Birth of Modern Nations*. Viking. .
* Philp, Mark, 2004. "Paine, Thomas (1737–1809)," *Oxford Dictionary of National Biography*, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2008; accessed 16 December 2013; doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/21133
* Powell, David, 1985. *Tom Paine, The Greatest Exile*. Hutchinson.
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* Solinger, Jason D. "Thomas Paine's Continental Mind". *Early American Literature,* November 2010, Vol. 45, Issue 3, pp.&nbsp;593–617.
* Vincent, Bernard, 2005. *[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1ZRoDgG2vQ0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=bernard+vincent#v=onepage&q=&f=false The Transatlantic Republican: Thomas Paine and the age of revolutions]*.
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* Washburne, E. B. "Thomas Paine and the French Revolution". *Scribner's Monthly*, Vol. XX, May/October 1880.
* , E'book
* Michael Foot and Isaac Kramnick, eds (1987). *The Thomas Paine Reader*. Penguin Classics. 
* Paine, Thomas (Eric Foner, editor), 1993. *Writings.* Library of America. Authoritative and scholarly edition containing *Common Sense,* the essays comprising the *American Crisis* series, *Rights of Man,* *The Age of Reason,* *Agrarian Justice,* and selected briefer writings, with authoritative texts and careful annotation.
* Paine, Thomas (Philip Foner, ed.), 1944. *The Complete Writings of Thomas Paine,* 2 vols. Citadel Press. We badly need a complete edition of Paine's writings on the model of Eric Foner's edition for the Library of America, but until that goal is achieved, Philip Foner's two-volume edition is a serviceable substitute. Volume I contains the major works, and volume II contains shorter writings, both published essays and a selection of letters, but confusingly organized; in addition, Foner's attributions of writings to Paine have come in for some criticism in that Foner may have included writings that Paine edited but did not write and omitted some writings that later scholars have attributed to Paine.

## Vanjske veze

* "Common Sense: The Rhetoric of Popular Democracy"  lesson plan for grades 9-12 from National Endowment for the Humanities
* The UK Thomas Paine Society 
* The Thomas Paine Society
* Who was Thomas Paine?
* Essays on the Religious and Political Philosophy of Thomas Paine
* Thomas Paine's Memorial
* Thomas Paine Quotations
* Take a video tour of Thomas Paine's birthplace
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* Thomas Paine on Paper Money, 1786 
* Thomas Paine, Liberty's Hated Torchbearer 
* Lesson plan – ''Common Sense'': The Rhetoric of Popular Democracy