Ramana Maharši

**Ramana Maharši**  (30. decembar 1879 – 14. april 1950) bio je indijski mudrac i jivanmukta (oslobođeno biće). On je rođen kao **Venkataraman Ijer**, ali je poznatiji po imenu Bagavan Sri Ramana Maharši.

On je rođen je u sadašnjem Tiručuliju, Tamil Nadu, Indija. Godine 1895. u njemu se probudila privlačnost prema svetom brdu Arunačala i 63 Najanmara se probudilo u njemu, a 1896. godine, u svojoj 16 godini, imao je „iskustvo smrti” kad je postao svestan „struje” ili „sile” (*avesam*) koju je prepoznao kao svoje istinsko „ja” ili „biće”, i koju je kasnije identifikovao sa „lični Bog, ili Isvara”, tj. Šiva. To je rezultiralo stanjem koje je kasnije opisao kao „stanje uma Isvare ili jnani”. Šest nedelja kasnije napustio je kuću svog ujaka u Maduraju i putovao do svete planine Arunačala, u Tiruvannamalaj, gde je preuzeo ulogu sanjasina (iako nije formalno iniciran), i ostao je tu do kraja života.

Ubrzo je privukao bakte koji su ga smatrali avatarom i koji su dolazili kod njega za daršan („vid Božji”), a u kasnijim godinama oko njega je rastao ašram, gde su posetioci dobijali upadesa („duhovno poučavanje”) putem tihog sedenja u njegovoj blizini postavljajući pitanja. Od tridesetih godina prošlog veka njegovo učenje je popularizovano na Zapadu, što je rezultiralo svetskim priznanjem kao prosvetljenog bića.

Ramana Maharši je odobrio brojne staze i prakse, ali je preporučio samoispitivanje kao glavno sredstvo za uklanjanje neznanja i povinovanja samosvesti, zajedno sa bakti (predanošću) ili predajom sebi.

## Radovi

### Književno delo
* Gambhiram Sheshayya, *Vichāra Sangraham*, "Self-Enquiry". Answers to questions, compiled in 1901, published in dialogue-form, republished as essay in 1939 as *A Cathechism of Enquiry*. Also published in 1944 in Heinrich Zimmer's *Der Weg zum Selbst*.
* Sivaprakasam Oillai, *Nān Yār?*, "Who am I?". Answers to questions, compiled in 1902, first published in 1923.
* Five Hymns to Arunachala:
** *Akshara Mana Malai*, "The Marital Garland of Letters". In 1914, at the request of a devotee, Ramana wrote *Akshara Mana Malai* for his devotees to sing while on their rounds for alms. It's a hymn in praise of Shiva, manifest as the mountain Arunachala. The hymn consists of 108 stanzas composed in poetic Tamil.
** *Navamani Mālai*, "The Necklet of Nine Gems".
** *Arunāchala Patikam*, "Eleven Verses to Sri Arunachala".
** *Arunāchala Ashtakam*, "Eight Stanzas to Sri Arunachala".
** *Arunāchala Pañcharatna*, "Five Stanzas to Sri Arunachala".
* Sri Muruganar and Sri Ramana Maharshi, *Upadesha Sāra (Upadesha Undiyar)*, "The Essence of Instruction". In 1927 Muruganar started a poem on the Gods, but asked Ramana to write thirty verses on *upadesha*, "teaching" or "instruction".
* Ramana Maharshi, *Ulladu narpadu*, "Forty Verses on Reality". Written in 1928. First English translation and commentary by S.S. Cohen in 1931.
* *Ullada Nārpadu Anubandham*, "Reality in Forty Verses: Supplement". Forty stanzas, fifteen of which are being written by Ramana. The other twenty-five are translations of various Sanskrit-texts.
* Sri Muruganar and Sri Ramana Maharshi (1930s), *Ramana Puranam*.
* *Ekātma Pañchakam*, "Five Verses on the Self". Written in 1947, at the request of a female devotee.

### Snimljeni razgovori
Several collections of recorded talks, in which Sri Ramana used Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam, have been published. Those are based on written transcripts, which were "hurriedly written down in English by his official interpreters".
* Sri Natanananda, *Upadesa Manjari*, "Origin of Spiritual Instruction". Recordings of dialogues between Sri Ramana and devotees. First published in English in 1939 as *A Catechism of Instruction*.
* Munagala Venkatramaiah, *Talks with Sri Ramana*. Talks recorded between 1935 and 1939. Various editions:
** Print: 
** Online:  
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*  Talks recorded between 1945 and 1947.
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### Sećanja
* Frank Hamfris, britanski policajac stationiran u Indiji, posetio je Ramana Maharšija 1911. godine i pisao je članke o njemu, koji su bili prvo objavljeni u časopisu *The International Psychic Gazette* 1913. godine.
* Paul Brunton (1935), *A Search in Secret India*. This book introduced Ramana Maharshi to a western audience.
*  First published 1956.
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* Kunjuswami, *Living with the Master*. Recordings of Kunjuswami's experiences with Ramana Maharshi from 1920 on. 
* G. V. Subbaramayya, *Sri Ramana Reminiscences*. "The account covers the years between 1933 and 1950".

### Dokumentarni filmovi
* ''The Sage of Arunachala''
* ''Abide as the Self: The Essential Teachings of Ramana Maharshi''
* ''Talks on Sri Ramana Maharshi: Narrated by David Godman''
* ''Who is Sri Ramana... Who am I?'' 
* ''The Eternal Light'' 

## Napomene

## Reference

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* Visvanathan, Susan (2010), The Children of Nature: The Life and Legacy of Ramana Maharshi. New Delhi: Roli/Lotus
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*  records of *upadesa*, instructions and answers by Ramana Maharshi in response to visitors
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* David Godman, ''Paul Brunton's Background'', a critique of Friesen's analysis
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* G.K. Pillai (2015), *Monks are from Meditating Monkeys: Unravelling the Algorithm of True Spiritual Awakening*
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## Vanjske veze

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* Sri Ramana Maharshi: Home
* Cosmic Harmony – Biography of Ramana Maharshi
* Realization.org – Biography of Ramana Maharshi