Metrologija

**Metrologija** je nauka o merenju. Ona se bavi mernim jedinicama i njihovim etalonima, merilima i merenjima i obuhvata sve teorijske i praktične probleme koji se odnose na merenja bez obzira na njihovu tačnost. Metrologija takođe obuhvata određivanje fizičkih konstanti i svojstva materijala i materije. Metrologija se može posmatrati i u zavisnosti od fizičke veličine koju razmatra, kao metrologija dužine, metrologija vremena, metrologija temperature i slično, ili prema oblasti primene, kao tehnička metrologija, astronomska metrologija, medicinska metrologija.

Metrologija je pod dejstvom niza drugih nauka, odnosno oblasti, istovremeno delujući na njih. Porast saznanja iz metrologije vodio je specijalizaciji, tj. razvoju njenih pojedinih delova, npr. metrologija mase, metrologija dužine, metrologija vremena i frekvencije.

Većina metrologa koji se bave istorijatom metrologije vezuje njen početak kao nauke za 18. vek, odnosno za period oko francuske revolucije koja je dala značajan podstrek njenom razvoju. Naime u tom periodu začela se ideja o stvaranju decimalnog metarskog sistema i o usvajanju definicije za jedinicu dužine – metar. Nakon potpisivanja Međunarodne metarske konvencije 20. maja 1875. godine u Parizu, kojoj su tokom vremena pristupile skoro sve razvijene zemlje, metrologija se kao nauka od opšteg interesa ubrzano razvija.

## Literatura

* Forouhi, Rahim (2012). "Optical Metrology for thin films and OCD measurements" http://www.nandk.com/
* Baber, Zaheer (1996). *The Science of Empire: Scientific Knowledge, Civilization, and Colonial Rule in India*. State University of New York Press. .
* Organisation Internationale de Metrologie Legale. (2000), International Vocabulary of Terms in Legal Metrology, [Online] http://www.oiml.org/publications/V/V001-ef00.pdf . (Latest version draft can be downloaded at http://www.ncsli.org/vim/wg2_doc_N318_VIM_3rd_edition_2006-08-01%20(3).pdf)
* Bureau International des Poids et Mesures. (2005), "What is metrology", Copyright BIPM 2004, [Online] http://www.bipm.org/en/bipm/metrology/.
* International Organization for Standardization. (2007), ISO Guide 99: International vocabulary of metrology—Basic and general concepts and associated terms (VIM), [Online] http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=45324
* Sarle, W. (1995), Measurement theory: Frequently asked questions, Copyright 1995 by Warren S. Sarle, Cary, NC, USA [Online] SAS Institute web pages: ftp://ftp.sas.com/pub/neural/measurement.faq
* Bureau International des Poids et Mesures. (2000), The International System of Units (SI), [Online] BIPM web pages: http://www.bipm.org/en/si/
* Bureau International des Poids et Mesures. (2000), The Convention of the meter, [Online] BIPM web pages: http://www.bipm.org/en/convention/
* Melville, D.J. (2001). Sumerian metrological numeration systems, Mesopotamian Mathematics, [Online] St. Lawrence University web pages, http://it.stlawu.edu/%7Edmelvill/mesomath/sumerian.html 
* National Institute of Standards and Technology. (1999), The NIST Reference of Constants, Units, and Uncertainty, [Online] NIST web pages: http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/index.html
* National Institute of Standards and Technology / Sematech. (n.d.). Engineering Statistics Handbook. [Online] NIST web pages: http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/
* National Physical Laboratory, UK—National Measurement Laboratory—Metrology related resources including many free PDF downloads including Good Practice Guides: [Online] http://www.npl.co.uk/
* Franck Jedrzejewski, Histoire universelle de la mesure, Paris, Ellipses, 2002, . (in French)
* Ken Alder, "The Measure of All Things", Little, Brown 2002. (An historical account on the origin of the metric system, the meridian project).
* Kimothi, S. K., "The Uncertainty of Measurements: Physical and Chemical Metrology: Impact and Analysis", 2002, 
* Majcen N., Taylor P. (Editors): Practical examples on traceability, measurement uncertainty and validation in chemistry, Vol 1; , 2010.
* Majcen N., Taylor P., T. Martisius (Editors): Practical examples on traceability, measurement uncertainty and validation in chemistry, Vol 2; , 2011.
* R.B. da Silva, E. Bulska, B. Godlewska-Zylkiewicz, M. Hedrich, N. Majcen, B. Magnusson, S. Marincic, I. Papadakis, M. Patriarca, E. Vassileva, P. Taylor, Analytical measurement: measurement uncertainty and statistics;, 2012.

## Vanjske veze

* Measurement Uncertainties in Science and Technology, Springer 2005 
* Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM)
* National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)