Paštuni

**Paštuni** (**Puštuni**; paštunski: پښتون [*Paṣ̌tun*]), poznati i kao **Afganci**, su iranski narod nastanjen u južnoj i jugozapadnoj Aziji. Etnički Afganci u pravom smislu riječi; poznati su također i pod imenom **Patani**. Naziv ***Afganci*** koristio se do 20. vijeka, a njihov naziv u nacionalnom obliku ***Afganistanci*** dano je ili su ga preuzeli svi stanovnici Afganistana neovisno o etničkoj i jezičnoj pripadnosti.

Matičnim područjima Paštuna podrazumijevaju se dijelovi Afganistana, Irana i Pakistana (tzv. **[[Paštunistan]]**), odakle su se između 13. i 16. vijeka proširili na istok prema današnjoj Indiji. Historija Paštuna usko je vezana uz ostale iranske narode s kojima su živjeli u zajedničkoj političkoj zajednici od medijskog ili ahemenidskog perioda do sredine 18. vijeka kada je osnovana Duranska Monarhija, politički temelj modernog Afganistana. 

Paštuni su danas najveća plemenska zajednica na svijetu koja se sastoji od između 350 i 400 različitih plemena ili klanova, a procjenuje se kako ih ukupno ima do 50 milijuna. Religijski su golemom većinom muslimani (sunitski hanafi i šijitski dvanaestnici), a osim glavnog jezika pašto govore i perzijskim jezičnim oblicima dari odnosno tadžičkim, dok se u Indiji služe i urdu jezikom.

## Reference

## Citirana literatura
;Stručna literatura
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;Organizacije i udruge
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## Daljnja literatura
* Ahmad, Aisha and Boase, Roger. 2003. "Pashtun Tales from the Pakistan-Afghan Frontier: From the Pakistan-Afghan Frontier." Saqi Books (March 1, 2003). http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0863564380/qid=1113656898/sr=2-1/ref=pd_bbs_b_2_1/002-6152052-7947259.
* Ahmed, Akbar S. 1976. Millennium and Charisma among Pathans: A Critical Essay in Social Anthropology. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
* Ahmed, Akbar S. 1980. Pukhtun economy and society. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
* Banuazizi, Ali and Myron Weiner (eds.). 1994. "The Politics of Social Transformation in Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan (Contemporary Issues in the Middle East)." Syracuse University Press. http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0815626088/qid=1120438139/sr=1-5/ref=sr_1_5/104-9786078-3515143?v=glance&s=books.
* Banuazizi, Ali and Myron Weiner (eds.). 1988. "The State, Religion, and Ethnic Politics: Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan (Contemporary Issues in the Middle East)." Syracuse University Press. http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0815624484/qid=1120438412/sr=1-6/ref=sr_1_6/104-9786078-3515143?v=glance&s=books.
* Caroe, Olaf. 1984. "The Pathans: 500 B.C.-A.D. 1957 (Oxford in Asia Historical Reprints)". Oxford University Press. http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0195772210/qid=1117631587/sr=1-2/ref=sr_1_2/002-5873546-3388043?v=glance&s=books
* Dani, Ahmad Hasan. 1985. "Peshawar: Historic city of the Frontier." Sang-e-Meel Publications (1995). http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/9693505549/qid=1113657635/sr=1-17/ref=sr_1_17/002-6152052-7947259?v=glance&s=books.
* Dupree, Louis. 1997. "Afghanistan." Oxford University Press. http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0195776348/qid=1120438859/sr=1-69/ref=sr_1_69/104-9786078-3515143?v=glance&s=books.
* Elphinstone, Mountstuart. 1815. "An account of the Kingdom of Caubul and its dependencies in Persia, Tartary, and India,: comprising a view of the Afghaun nation." Akadem. Druck- u. Verlagsanst (1969). http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/B0006C1P4M/qid=1113657171/sr=1-14/ref=sr_1_14/002-6152052-7947259?v=glance&s=books.
* Habibi, Abdul Hai. 2003. "Afghanistan: An Abridged History." Fenestra Books. http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1587361698/qid=1120438707/sr=1-57/ref=sr_1_57/104-9786078-3515143?v=glance&s=books.
* Hopkirk, Peter. 1984. "The Great Game: The Struggle for Empire in Central Asia." Kodansha Globe; Reprint edition. http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1568360223/qid=1113656314/sr=2-1/ref=pd_bbs_b_2_1/002-6152052-7947259.
* Wardak, Ali "Jirga - A Traditional Mechanism of Conflict Resolution in Afghanistan" , 2003, online at UNPAN (the United Nations Online Network in Public Administration and Finance).
* A Study of the Greek Ancestry of Northern Pakistani Ethnic Groups Using 115 Microsatellite Markers. A. Mansoor, Q. Ayub, et al.*Am. J. Human Genetics,* Oct 2001 v69 i4 p399.
* *Y-Chromosomal DNA Variation in Pakistan* http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/AJHG/journal/issues/v70n5/013572/013572.web.pdf.
* *Where west meets east: the complex mtDNA landscape of the southwest and Central Asian corridor.* http://www.oxfordancestors.com/papers/mtDNA04%20DNALandscape.pdf .

;Ostali projekti