مهاشير

**مهاشير** (Mahseer) عام نالو آهي جيڪو سائپرينيڊي خاندان ۾ نسل ٽور، نيوليسوڪيلس، نيزيرٽر ۽ پارٽر مڇي لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي. اهو نالو بهرحال گهڻو ڪري ٽور نسل جي ميمبرن تائين محدود آهي. انهن مڇين جي حد اتر ۾ چين کان اوڀر ۾ ويٽنام، ميانمار، لاؤس، ڪمبوڊيا، ٿائيلينڊ، ملائيشيا، برونائي ۽ انڊونيشيا ۽ ڏکڻ ايشيا ۾ پاڪستان، ڀارت، نيپال، ڀوٽان، بنگلاديش، سري لنڪا ۽ افغانستان تائين آهي. اها تجارتي طور تي هڪ اهم شڪار جي مڇي آهي ۽ انهي سان گڏ انتهائي لذيذ کاڌي جي مڇي آهي. مهاشير کي مارڪيٽ ۾ اعليٰ قيمت ملندي آهي ۽ آبي زراعت لاءِ امڪاني اميدوار نسل آهي. رهائش جي نقصان، وڌيڪ مڇي مارڻ ۽ وڌندڙ بي انتظامي ۽ تمام محدود تعداد ۾ نسلن جي مصنوعي طور تي اسٽاڪ جي غير منظم اجازت جي ڪارڻ، ڪيتريون ئي وڏيون نسلون سخت گهٽتائي جو شڪار ٿي چڪيون آهن ۽ هاڻي آلودگي جي ڪري خطري جي زد ۾ سمجهيو وينديون آهن.

**Mahseer** is the common name used for the genera *[[Tor (fish)|Tor]]*, *[[Neolissochilus]]*, *[[Naziritor]]* and *[[Parator zonatus|Parator]]* in the family Cyprinidae (carps). The name is, however, more often restricted to members of the genus *Tor*. The range of these fish is from Vietnam in the east and China in the north, through Myanmar,Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia, and across southern Asia including the countries of India, Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh within the Indian Peninsula, plus Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Afghanistan. They are commercially important game fish, as well as highly esteemed food fish. Mahseer fetch high market price, and are potential candidate species for aquaculture. Several of the larger species have suffered severe declines, and are now considered threatened due to pollution, habitat loss, overfishing and increasing concern about the impacts of unregulated release of artificially bred stock of a very limited number of species.

The taxonomy of the mahseers is confusing due to the morphological variations they exhibit. In developing strategies for aquaculture and propagation assisted rehabilitation of mahseer species, resolution of taxonomic ambiguities is needed  and adherence to IUCN stocking guidelines  must be followed.

Mahseers inhabit both rivers and lakes, with some species believed to ascend into rapid streams with rocky bottoms for breeding. Like other types of carps, they are omnivorous, eating not only algae, crustaceans, insects, frogs, and other fish, but also fruits that fall from trees overhead.

The first species from this group were scientifically described by Francis Buchanan-Hamilton in 1822, and first mentioned as an angling challenge by the *[[Oriental Sporting Magazine]]* in 1833, soon becoming a favorite quarry of British anglers living in India.
 
The golden mahseer *[[Tor putitora]]* was previously believed to be the largest member of the group and one of the largest cyprinids; it has been known to reach  in length and  in weight, although specimens of this size are rarely seen nowadays.

Currently, the largest of the mahseer is *[[Tor remadevii]]*, which is known to grow to in excess of . In 2011, UK angler Ken Loughran landed a fish that was too heavy for the 120lb scales being used. This fish was claimed as a 'World record' at 130lb 10oz, although the weighing process used is in doubt.
In addition to being caught for sport, mahseer are also part of commercial fishing and ornamental or aquarium fish.

## حوالا

## ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا

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* http://www.mahseertrust.org
* Golden Mahseer
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* Deccan Mahseer
* Mahseer Research Centre – India

زمرو:مڇيون
زمرو:ايشيا جون مڇيون
زمرو:پاڪستان جون مڇيون
زمرو:پاڪستان جون قومي علامتون
زمرو:ايشيا جي مٺي پاڻي جون مڇيون
زمرو:پاڪستان جي مٺي پاڻي جون مڇيون
زمرو:ڀارت جي ثقافت
زمرو:سنڌ جي ثقافت
زمرو:سائپريني 
زمرو:مڇين جا عام نالا 
زمرو:هيرالڊري مڇيون