وائيس چانسلر

**وائس چانسلر** (عام طور تي وي سي سڏيو ويندو آهي) نيپال، برطانيه، نيوزي لينڊ، آسٽريليا، هندستان، بنگلاديش، ملائيشيا، نائيجيريا، پاڪستان، سري لنڪا، ڏکڻ آفريڪا، ڪينيا ۽ هانگ ڪانگ ۾ ڪجهه يونيورسٽين جي چيف ايگزيڪيوٽو طور ڪم ڪري ٿو. وائيس چانسلر هن لقب سان لاڳاپيل هڪ اعزاز آهي، جيڪا ڪنهن به فرد کي چانسلر جي غير موجودگي ۾ ڊگريون ڏيڻ جي اجازت ڏئي ٿو.
 
وائس چانسلر جو ڪردار چانسلر جي مقابلي ۾، جيڪو عام طور تي هڪ اهم عوامي شخصيت هوندو آهي (مثال طور، 36 سالن تائين ڪيمبرج يونيورسٽي جو چانسلر پرنس فلپ هو)، جيڪو صرف هڪ رسمي شخصيت جي حيثيت سان ڪم ڪندو آهي، عملي آهي ۽ وائيس چانسلر چيف ايگزيڪيوٽو هوندو آهي. وائس چانسلر جي اسسٽنٽ کي پرو وائس چانسلر يا ڊپٽي وائس چانسلر سڏيو ويندو آهي. اهي روايتي طور تي تعليمي ماهر هوندا آهن، جيڪا انهن جي باقاعده تدريس ۽ تحقيق کان سواء محدود وقت لاءِ، اضافي ذميواريون سنڀالڻ لاءِ چونڊيا ويندا آهن،  پر هاڻي عام طور تي مڪمل وقت جي تقرري آهن. ڪجهه يونيورسٽين، مثال طور آسٽريليا جي ڊيڪن يونيورسٽي، ميڪوري يونيورسٽي ۾، وائيس چانسلر جي ماتحت ڪيترائي ڊپٽي وائيس چانسلر آهن. پرو وائيس چانسلر ڊپٽي وائيس چانسلر کان هيٺ ايگزيڪيوٽو سطح تي هڪ عهدو آهي.

## ملڪن جي لحاظ کان وائس چانسلر

### آسٽريليا
آسٽريليا جي يونيورسٽي جو ايگزيڪيوٽو هيڊ وائيس چانسلر هوندو آهي، جيڪو يونيورسٽي جي چيف ايگزيڪيوٽو آفيسر جي برابر هوندو آهي. وائس چانسلر يونيورسٽي جي روزاني جي ڪمن جو ذميوار هوندو آهي ۽ سڌو سنئون يونيورسٽي ڪائونسل کي رپورٽ ڪندو آهي، جن جي سربراهي چانسلر ڪندو آهي. وائس چانسلر جي مدد ڪندي، ڊپٽي وائس چانسلر ۽ پرو وائس چانسلر جا ڪردار عهدي جي انتظامي اوور هيڊ کي بهتر طريقي سان منظم ڪرڻ لاءِ سامهون آيا آهن.

The executive head of an Australian university is the vice-chancellor, who serves as the university equivalent of a chief executive officer. The vice-chancellor is responsible for the day-to-day operations of the university and reports directly to the University Council, which the chancellor heads. Assisting the vice-chancellor, the roles of deputy vice-chancellors and pro vice-chancellors have emerged to better manage the administrative overhead of the position.

### برطانيه
انگلينڊ، ويلز ۽ اتر آئرلينڊ

Almost all chief executives of institutions with university status in England, Wales and Northern Ireland use vice-chancellor as their title. The full titles of the vice-chancellors of Oxford and Cambridge universities, used only in formal address, are "the Reverend the Vice-Chancellor" and "the Right Worshipful the Vice-Chancellor" respectively.

Additional titles are sometimes used alongside vice-chancellor in England and Wales. Most of these involve the use of either "president and vice-chancellor" or "vice-chancellor and president", and have arisen in the 21st century, although the title of the chief executive of Durham University as "vice-chancellor and warden" dates back to 1937 (and refers back to the use of "warden" as the title of the chief executive of the university from its foundation to 1909). Some examples of the use of "president" include the University of Manchester (in England), where the statutes define the title of the chief executive officer of the university as "President and Vice-Chancellor", Queen's University Belfast (in Northern Ireland) and Cardiff University (in Wales). 

The chief executives of some member institutions of the University of London that are also universities in their own right also use the title vice-chancellor, e.g. Birkbeck and the London School of Economics (as "president and vice-chancellor")

### ڪينيڊا ۽ اسڪاٽلينڊ
ڪينيڊا جي يونيورسٽي جا وائيس چانسلر تقريبن هميشه "صدر (يا برابر) ۽ وائيس چانسلر" جو لقب رکندا آهن؛ ساڳئي طرح، اسڪاٽلينڊ ۾، اهي "پرنسپل ۽ وائيس چانسلر" جو عهدو رکندا آهن (جيئن ڪجهه ڪينيڊين يونيورسٽيون جهڙوڪ ڪوئينز يونيورسٽي ۽ رائل ملٽري ڪاليج آف ڪينيڊا). اسڪاٽش عمل ۾، هڪ فرد وٽ سرڪاري لباس جا ٻه سيٽ هوندا، جيڪي ٻنهي عهدن جي وچ ۾ ذميوارين جي مسلسل ورڇ کي ظاهر ڪن ٿا. تنهن ڪري، وائيس چانسلر جا لباس چانسلر جي موجودگي ۾ نه پائڻ گهرجن پر صرف چانسلر جي عهدي تي مقرر ٿيڻ وقت پائڻ گهرجن. 

university vice-chancellors almost always carry the title of "president (or equivalent) and vice-chancellor"; likewise, in Scotland, they hold the position of "principal and vice-chancellor" (as do a few Canadian universities such as Queen's University and the Royal Military College of Canada). In the Scottish practice, the one individual may have two sets of official robes, reflecting a continuing division of responsibilities between the two posts. The vice-chancellor's robes, therefore, should not be worn in the presence of the chancellor but should only be worn when deputizing for the chancellor.

### India
In India, most central and state level universities have a titular head called chancellor who is either the President of India or an eminent person appointed by the Government of India (in central universities) or state governors (in state universities). The  head of a university is the vice-chancellor, the highest paid official of the university. Next in command are more than one pro-vice-chancellor in charge of academic as well as administrative and financial affairs. In deemed universities and institutes of national importance, the head of the institution is either called director general or director, the latter designation being more commonly used in academic terms in the subcontinent. Among the State Universities, The state ministers are de-facto pro-vice-chancellors of universities of professional Importance. Eg. The State Minister for Medical and Health Care will be the de-facto pro-vice-chancellor of the state medical university.

### Bangladesh
The President of Bangladesh is the titular chancellor of all universities in Bangladesh, public or private. The vice chancellor is the executive head, and his/her  deputy, the pro-vice chancellor holds a full-time administrative office.

### Nepal
The Prime Minister of Nepal is the titular chancellor of most universities in Nepal, public or private. The vice chancellor is the executive head, and along with Registrar holds a full-time administrative office.

### Sri Lanka
In Sri Lanka, all the government universities are administered by the vice-chancellor.

### Sudan
In Sudan and South Sudan, universities are administered by the vice-chancellor.

### Kenya
In Kenya, chancellors are titular heads of public universities, either appointed by the head of state (president) directly, or, in newly introduced legislation, at the recommendation of senate and alumni of the university. The day-to-day running of universities is the responsibility of the vice-chancellors. "Rector" and "president" are not commonly used terms in university administration. The vice-chancellor is assisted by a number of high ranking University officials known as Deputy Vice-chancellor, popularly referred to as DVC. The DVC's head specific departments of the university such as Finance and Administration, etc.

### Malaysia

In Malaysia, all the government universities are administered by the vice-chancellor.

### Nigeria
In Nigeria, chancellors are ceremonial heads of public universities (mostly traditional monarchs), appointed by the head of state (president), governor of a state (in the case of state-owned universities) or assumed by the owner of a private university. The day-to-day running of universities is the responsibility of the vice-chancellors. There are also pro-chancellors who are government appointees that head the universities' governing councils. The university governing council is the highest administrative organ of a Nigerian public universities. They approve projects, contracts, recruitments, promotions and are regarded as employer of university workers. They also appoint the principal officers of the university including the vice chancellor. They exercise all these functions on behalf of the "visitor." The visitor is the president of the federation (for federal universities) and state governors for state-owned universities.

### Ireland
In Ireland, day-to-day operations of the universities are under the directorship of a president (a provost in the case of Trinity College Dublin). However, the president of each constituent university of the National University of Ireland also has the title of pro-vice-chancellor of the NUI.

### Philippines
In the Philippines, University of Santo Tomas the day-to-day head of the university, as mandated by their duty as the Prior Provincial of the Philippine Dominican Province, the Dominican province that has majority control over the university.

As said earlier, the vice-chancellor or the "grand vice-chancellor of the University of Santo Tomas" is only the deputy to the chancellor of the university, but the chancellor is usually a prominent public figure who is not always in the country (e.g., the chancellor of University of Santo Tomas is the current Master of the Order of Preachers, the current being Very Rev. Fr. Bruno Cadoré, OP, while the rector acts as the day-to-day chief executive). The current vice chancellor of UST is the Prior Provincial of the Philippine Dominican Province, Very Rev. Fr. Napoleon Sipalay, OP. The current rector of the university is Rev. Fr. Herminio V. Dagohoy, OP.

In the University of the Philippines, the chancellor assigns different vice-chancellors to handle different aspects of running the university. There is one for instruction, administration, and community affairs, among others.

### Sweden
In Sweden, the rektor (rector) is the head of a Swedish university, but the word *vice-chancellor* (*vicekansler*) is often used as the English translation of rektor. The *vice-chancellor* (*vicekansler*) is also an honorary title given to the *[[rector (academia)#Sweden|rectores magnifici]]* at the universities of Lund and Uppsala.

University chancellor (*universitetskansler*) is the office of the highest civil servant in the Swedish university system.

### United States
In the United States, a vice chancellor (typically spelled without a hyphen) is an assistant to a chancellor, who is generally the (actual, not merely ceremonial) head of one campus of a large university which has several campuses. The head of the entire university is the president (the equivalent of a Commonwealth vice-chancellor), the chancellor is in charge of one campus, and a vice chancellor is one of their direct reports responsible for a broad area of authority at one campus. Some systems, such as the California State University and the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education invert this arrangement so that the chancellor is the head of the entire university system, while a vice chancellor is an executive who directly reports to the chancellor and is responsible for a broad area of authority across the entire system.

At the University of the South, the vice chancellor is the administrative head of the university (as well as mayor of the town of Sewanee). The chancellor is a bishop of one of the 28 southeastern Episcopal dioceses that own the university and is elected by the members of the board of trustees. The chancellor neither resides at the university nor holds administrative power; the office of chancellor is a ceremonial one.

## حوالا

زمرو:يونيورسٽين ۽ ڪاليجن جا سربراهه زمرو:يونيورسٽين جي انتظاميه 
زمرو:تعليمي ادارن جا منتظم 
زمرو:تعليم ۽ تربيت جا پيشا 
زمرو:تعليمي انتظاميه 
زمرو:تعليمي اعزاز