انطاڪيه

**انطاڪيه** (Antakya؛ قديم: Antioch)، هڪ ميونسپلٽي ۽ ترڪي جي هتئ (Hatay) صوبي جو گاديءَ جو هنڌ آهي.    ان جي ايراضي 703 چورس ڪلوميٽر (271 چورس ميل) آهي. سال 2023ع جي زلزلي تباهه ڪاري کان اڳ، ان جي آبادي 3,99,045 (2022ع) هئي. اهو هتئ صوبي ۾ آهي، جيڪو ترڪي جي ڏاکڻي علائقي ۾ آهي. هي شهر اورونٽس نديءَ تي هڪ سٺي پاڻي واري ۽ زرخيز واديءَ ۾ واقع آهي، جيڪو رومي سمنڊ جي اوڀر واري حصي، شامي سمنڊ کان اٽڪل 20 ڪلوميٽر (12 ميل) آهي.

اڄ جو شهر جزوي طور تي قديم انٽيوچيا جي ماڳ تي بيٺو آهي (جنهن کي ”انٽيوچ آن دي اورونٽس“ به چيو ويندو آهي)، جنهن جو بنياد چوٿين صدي ق.م. ۾ پيو. انٽيوچ بعد ۾ رومن سلطنت جي وڏن شهرن مان هڪ بڻجي ويو ۽ شام ۽ ڪولي-شام جي صوبن جي گاديءَ جو هنڌ بڻيو. اهو پڻ عيسائيت جو هڪ بااثر ابتدائي مرڪز هو. بائبل جي نئين عهدنامي ۾ اچي ٿو ته نالو "مسيحي" (Christian) پهريون ڀيرو انٽيوچ ۾ ظاهر ٿيو. بازنطيني سلطنت جي دور ۾ هن شهر کي تمام گهڻي اهميت حاصل هئي. ٻئي خليفه راشد، حضرت عمر بن الخطاب جي دور ۾، ستين صدي عيسويءَ ۾، مسلمانن جي قبضي هيٺ آيو. قرون وسطيٰ واري انتاڪيه کي ڪيترائي ڀيرا فتح ڪيو ويو: سال 969ع ۾ بازنطيني، سال 1084ع ۾ سلجوقي، سال 1084ع ۾ صليبي،  سال 1268ع ۾ مملوڪ ۽ آخر ۾ عثماني سلطنت ان کي فتح ڪيو ۽ صوبي، حلب ايالت پوءِ حلب ولايت ۾ شامل ڪيو.  هي شهر ترڪ جمهوريه ۾ شامل ٿيڻ کان اڳ فرانسيسي مينڊيٽ تحت "هتئ" رياست ۾ شامل ٿيو. 

6 فيبروري، 2023ع تي، شهر کي ٻن طاقتور زلزلن، جنهن جو مرڪز ترڪي جي علائقي، ڪهرامنماراز ۾ هيو، سان تمام گهڻو نقصان پهتو. ڪجهه تاريخي ماڳ، جن ۾ سينٽ پال جو چرچ شامل آهن، تباهه ٿي ويا. زلزلو شهر جا ڪيترائي پاڙيسري علائقا تباهه ڪيا ۽ هزارين ماڻهو بي گهر ٿي ويا. هتئ صوبي ۾ موت جو تعداد، جنهن ۾ انطاڪيه به شامل آهي، اندازي مطابق 20,000 کان مٿي هئي. 

## تاريخ

## آباديات

## تازو تاريخ

Mount Habib-i Neccar and the city walls which climb the hillsides symbolise Antakya, making the city a formidable fortress built on a series of hills running north-east to south-west. Antakya was originally centred on the east bank of the river. Since the 19th century, the city has expanded with new neighbourhoods built on the plains across the river to the south-west, and four bridges connect the old and new cities. Many of the buildings of the last two decades are styled as concrete blocks, and Antakya has lost much of its classic beauty. The narrow streets of the old city can become clogged with traffic.

Antakya is a provincial capital of considerable importance as the centre of a large district. The draining of Lake Amik and development of land have caused the region's economy to grow in wealth and productivity. The town is a lively shopping and business centre with many restaurants, cinemas and other amenities. This district is centred on a large park opposite the governor's building and the central avenue *Kurtuluş Caddesı*. The tea gardens, cafes and restaurants in the neighbourhood of *[[Harbiye, Antakya|Harbiye]]* are popular destinations, particularly for the variety of *[[meze]]* in the restaurants. The Orontes River can be malodorous when water is low in summer. Rather than formal nightlife, in the summer heat, people will stay outside until late at the night to walk with their families and friends, and munch on snacks.

Its location near the Syrian border makes Antakya more cosmopolitan than many cities in Turkey. It did not attract the mass immigration of people from eastern Anatolia in the 1980s and 1990s that radically swelled the populations of Mediterranean cities such as Adana and Mersin. Both Turkish and Arabic are still widely spoken in Antakya, although written Arabic is rarely used. A mixed community of faiths and denominations co-exist peacefully here. While almost all the inhabitants are Sunni Muslim, a substantial proportion adhere to the Alevi and Alawite traditions of Islam, in "Harbiye" there is a place to honour the saint Hızır. Numerous tombs of saints, of both Sunni and Alawite, are located throughout the city. Several small Christian communities are active in the city, with the largest church being St. Peter and St. Paul on Hürriyet Avenue. With its long history of spiritual and religious movements, Antakya is a place of pilgrimage for Christians. The Jewish community of Antakya had shrunk to 14 members in 2014. In 2023, the last Jew in the city announced that he was leaving the city after a devastating earthquake.

It has a reputation in Turkey as a place for spells, fortune telling, miracles and spirits.
Local crafts include a soap scented with the oil of bay tree.

### سال 2023ع جو زلزلو

On 6 February 2023, Antakya suffered heavy damage as a result of a major earthquake. Many parts of the city were totally destroyed. As of 7 February, the BBC reported that at least 1,200 buildings in the city center and the districts of Kırıkhan and İskenderun were razed. Officials said "almost all" houses in the Cebrail District had collapsed. Many historical sites, including churches and mosques, were destroyed, St. Paul's Church being one of them. The historic Antakya Synagogue and Hatay State Assembly Building were also destroyed.

In the aftermath, President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan promised to an immediate reconstruction of the affected areas. During a visit to the city in September 2023, *[[The New York Times]]* reported that heavily damaged buildings were still being demolished and no large-scale reconstruction works were observed. Many damaged buildings remained standing but abandoned while survivors continue to live in tents. Hatay's mayor, Lütfü Savaş, said only half of the estimated 38,000 buildings registered to be dismantled had been fulfilled. In Gülderen, there were ongoing works to build 2,300 apartment units in 122 blocks.

## جاگرافي

## تعليم

## سياحت جي مکيه جايون

## ٽرانسپورٽ
## ثقافت ۽ رانديون

## ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا

* Pictures of Antakya
* Pictures of Antakya Museum

## حوالا

زمرو:شهر
زمرو:ترڪي
زمرو:سلڪ روڊ سان گڏ آباد هنڌ