Simon Mann

**Simon Francis Mann** (born 26 Juin 1952 died May 2025) is a British mercenary an umwhile British Airmy officer. He haed been servin a 34-year prison sentence in Equatorial Guinea fur his pairt in a failt coup d'état in 2004, afore bein gien a presidential pardon on humanitarian grunds on 2 November 2009.

Mann wis exrtraditit frae Zimbabwe tae Equatorial Guinea on 1 Februar 2008, haein been accused o plannin a *coup d'état* tae owerthraw the govrenment bi leadin a mercenary force intae the caipital Malabo in an effort tae kidnap or kill Preses Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo. Chairges in Sooth Africae o aidin a coup in a furren kintra wis drappit on 23 Februar 2007, but the chairges remaint in Equatorial Guinea, whaur he haed been convictit in absentia in November 2004. He lost an extradition hearin tae Equatorial Guinea efter servin three year o a fower-year preeson sentence in Zimbabwe fur the same crimes an bein released early on guid behaviour. On the arrival o Mann in Equatorial Guinea fur his trial in Malabo, public Prosecutor Jose Olo Obono said that Mann wid face three chairges – crimes agin the heid o state, crimes agin the govrenment, an crimes agin the peace an unthirldom o the state. On 7 Julie 2008, Mann wis sentenced tae 34 year an fower month in prison bi a coort in Equatorial Guinea.  He wis released on 2 November 2009, on humanitarian grunds.
## Early life
Simon Mann's faither, George Mann, wis the captain o the Ingland cricket team in the late 1940s an wis an heir tae a stake in the Watney Mann brewin empire that shut in 1979, haeing been bocht oot bi Grand Metropolitan (that, in 1997, became Diageo plc on its merger wi Guinness). His mither is Sooth African.

## Militar career
Efter leavin Eton College, Mann traint tae be an officer at Sandhurst an wis commissioned intae the Scots Guards on 16 December 1972. Bi 1976 he held the rank of Lieutenant. He later becam a memmer o the SAS an servit in Cyprus, Germany, Norawa an Northren Ireland afore leavin the forces in 1985. He wis re-cawed tae action frae the reserves fur the Guwf War.

## Post-militar career
Mann then entered the field o computer security; housomeivver, his interest in this industry lapsed whan he returnt frae his service in the Guwf an he entered the ile industry tae wirk wi Tony Buckingham. Buckingham haed a militar backgrund anaw, an haed been a diver in the North Sea ile industry afore jynin a Canadian ile firm.

In 1993 UNITA rebels in Angolae teuk the port o Soyo, an closed its ile installations. The Angolan govrenment unner Jose Eduardo dos Santos socht mercenaries tae tak back the port an asked fur assistance frae Buckingham that haed bi nou pit thegither his ain company. Buckingham hired a Sooth African organisation cried Executive Outcomes, that Mann an Buckingham wis involved in.

## Sandline International

Mann went on tae establish Sandline International wi fellae ex-Scots Guards Colonel Tim Spicer in 1996. The company operatit maistly in Angolae an Sierra Leone, but in 1997 Sandline receivit a commission frae the govrenment o Papua New Guinea tae suppress a rebellion on the isle o Bougainville an the company came tae internaitional prominence, but receivit hintle negative publicity follaein the Sandline affair. Sandline International annoonced the closur o the company's operations on 16 Aprile 2004. In an interview on the *[[Today Programme]]* Simon Mann indicatit that the operations in Angolae haed gaint mair nor £10M.

## Equatorial Guinea coup attempt

On 7 Mairch 2004 Simon Mann an 69 ithers wis arrestit in Zimbabwe whan thair Boeing 727 wis seized bi security forces durin a stap-aff at Harare airport whaur the aircraft wis due tae be loadit wi £100,000 wirth o wappens an equipment. The men wis chairged wi violatin the kintra's immigration, fireairms an security laws an later accused o engagin in an attempt tae stage a coup d'état in Equatorial Guinea. Meanwhile aicht suspectit mercenaries, ane that later dee'd in prison, wis haudit in Equatorial Guinea in connection wi the allegit plot.

Mann an the ithers claimt that thay wurnae on thair wey tae Equatorial Guinea but wur in fact flyin tae the Democratic Republic o Congo in order tae gie security fur diamond mines awnt bi JFPI Corporation. Mann an his colleagues wis pit on trial in Zimbabwe, an, on 27 August, Mann wis fand guilty o attemptin tae buy airms fur an allegit coup plot an sentenced tae 7 year in prison. 66 o the ithers wur acquittit.

On 25 August 2004, Sir Mark Thatcher, son o umwhile Breetish Prime Meenister Margaret Thatcher, wis arrestit at his hame in Cape Toun, Sooth Africae. He eventually pleadit guilty (unner a plea bargain) tae negligently supplyin financial assistance fur the plot. The 14 men in the mercenary advance gaird that wis caucht in Equatorial Guinea wis sentenced tae jyle fur 34 year. Amang the advance guard wis Nick du Toit that claimt that he haed been introduced tae Thatcher bi Mann.

Investigations wid later kythe in the financial records o Mann's haudins that muckle transfers o siller wis made tae Nick du Toit, as weel as aboot US$2&nbsp;million comin in frae an untraceable an unkent soorce. On 10 September Mann wis sentenced tae seiven year in jyle. His compatriots received ane-year sentences fur violating immigration laws an thair twa pilots got 16 month. The group's Boeing 727 wis seized, as well as the US$180,000 that wis fand abuird the plane.

### Chairges dropped an extradition
On 23 Februar 2007, the charges wis drappit agin Mann an the ither alleged conspirators in Sooth Africae. Mann remaint in Zimbabwe, whaur he wis convictit o charges frae the same incident. On 2 Mey 2007 a Zimbabwe coort ruled that Mann sud be extradited tae Equatorial Guinea tae face chairges. The Zimbabwean judge ruled that he sud be extradited tae Equatorial Guinea, awtho the Zimbabweans promised that he widnae face the daith penalty. His extradition wis descrieved as the "oil for Mann" deal, in reference tae the muckle amoonts o ile that Mugabe haed managed tae secure frae Equatorial Guinea. The Black Beach prison in Equatorial Guinea, whaur Mann wis sent, is notorious fur its awfa conditions. Mann lost his last appeal agin the decision tae extradite him. In a last-ditch effort on 30 Januar 2008, Mann tried tae appeal the judgment tae the Zimbabwean Supreme Court.

The next day Mann wis deported tae Equatorial Guinea in secret, leadin tae claims bi his lawyers that the extradition wis hastened tae defeat the possibility of appeal tae the Supreme Court.

### Response bi UK Parliamentarians
Concern fur Simon Mann's plight wis raised in the UK Parliament in the year o his arrest in Zimbabwe bi three Conservative Memmers o Parliament. In the twa year efter the govrenment of Equatorial Guinea applee'd fur his extradition, three forder Conservative Party MPs pit forrit written quaistens.

Houiver, it wis the sudden extradition that drew the greatest response. Julian Lewis said in Parliament:

His poseition wis supported bi three ither Conservative MPs durin the debate. Written questions war submitted bi a fowert. Thare wis a request that the United States admeenistration, who haed access tae Simon Mann in Black Beach Prison on 6 Februar 2008, exert its influence *"to secure [his] safe return"*.

UK officials wis gien access tae him on 12 Februar. The anly non-Conservative Party MP tae submit a quaisten in Parliament aboot him wis Vince Cable, awtho an Early Day Motion aboot his treatment in prison received some cross-party support.

On 8 Mairch 2008, Channel 4 in the UK wan a legal battle tae broadcast an interview wi Mann in whilk he named British political figures, includin Ministers, said tae hae gien tacit appruival fur the coup plot. In testimony he spoke frankly aboot the events leadin tae the botched attempt tae topple Equatorial Guinea's preses.

Despite thair charges bein unrelatit, Mann wis tried alangside sax Progress Party of Equatorial Guinea activists bein held on wappens chairges, includin opposition leader Severo Moto's umwhile secretar Gerardo Angüe Mangue. On 7 Julie 2008, Mann wis sentenced bi the Equatorial Guinea court tae mair nor 34 year in jyle.

### Release
On 2 November 2009 he wis gien "a complete pardon on humanitarian grunds" bi Preses Teodoro Obiang Nguema. He wis back in Ingland bi 6 November.
### Death
He died in May 2025.

## Mann in popular media
*In 2002 Mann played Colonel Derek Wilford o the Parachute Regiment fur Granada Television's *[[Bloody Sunday (film)|Bloody Sunday]]*, a dramatisation bi Paul Greengrass o the events o Bloody Sunday.
*The alleged coup plannt fur Equatorial Guinea is the subjeck o the film *Coup!*, written bi John Fortune. Simon Mann is played bi Jared Harris, wi Robert Bathurst as Mark Thatcher. (The film takes care tae nae suggest that Thatcher kent anent the coup plot.) It wis braidcast on BBC 2 on 30 Juin 2006 an on ABC (Australie) on 21 Januar 2008.
*Simon Mann wis spiert frae prison in the documentary *Once Upon A Coup*, that shawed on PBS's Wide Angle in August 2009.

## Writins
**Cry Havoc*, Bi Simon Mann. John Blake; 351 pages

## See an aw
*Executive Outcomes
*Mark Thatcher
*Sandline International

## References

## Further readin
* – covers the coup attempt an aftermath bi Nick du Toit an Simon Mann
* – covers the birth an rise of Executive Outcomes an Sandline as well as the events in Sierra Leone an Bougainville
* 

## Freemit airtins
* Profile: Simon Mann, *BBC News*, 10 September 2004
* Simon Mann Dossier, bi Journalismus Nachrichten von Heute
* Q&A: Equatorial Guinea coup plot, BBC Warld News
* "A Coup for a Mountain of Wonga"
* "British Mercenary Simon Mann's last Journey?"
* "The trial of Simon Mann"
*