1 Januar

The **1st o Januar** is the 1st day o the year in the Gregorian Calendar, wi 364 days ti come (365 in lowp years).

## Events

* 153 BC - Roman consuls take office on this date instead o 1 Mairch.
* 193 - The Roman senate chooses Pertinax tae succeed the murthert Commodus as emperor.
* 1502 - The present location o Rio de Janeiro is discovered.
* 1515 - Francis I o Fraunce becomes King.
* 1600 - Scotland stairts its year on 1 Januar for the first time.
* 1651 - Charles II is crouned King o Scots.
* 1752 - Ingland, Wales an Ireland stairt the year on 1 Januar for the first time.
* 1801 - The Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Ireland is creatit.
* 1801 - Giuseppe Piazzi discovers Ceres, the mucklest object in the Solar Seestem's asteroid belt.
* 1804 - Haiti gains unthirldom frae Fraunce.
* 1810 - Scot Lachlan Macquarie becomes Govrenor o New Sooth Wales.
* 1833 - The Unitit Kinrick claims the Falkland Islands.
* 1839 - The sub-Antairctic Bouvet Island is discovered.
* 1863 - Abraham Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation.
* 1874 - The Bronx becomes pairt o New York Ceety.
* 1877 - Queen Victoria becomes Empress o Indie.
* 1897 - Brooklyn jyns wi New York Ceety.
* 1899 - Queens an Staten Island jyn wi New York Ceety.
* 1901 - Australie becomes a self-governin kintra.
* 1912 - The Republic o Cheenae is foondit.
* 1919 - The ship "HMY Iolaire", cairryin servicemen returnin frae Warld War I, hits rocks an sinks aff Stornawa harbour; 205 fowk are kilt.
* 1919 - The Soviet republic o Belarus, proclaimed on 25 December, is offeecially creatit.
* 1934 - The prison on Alcatraz Island in the San Francisco Bay Area admits its first inmates.
* 1948 - Italy's Constitution enters intae effect.
* 1956 - Sudan gains unthirldom.
* 1959 - Fidel Castro taks ower in Cuba, as Fulgencio Batista flees Havana.
* 1960 - French-speakin Cameroon gains unthirldom frae Fraunce.
* 1962 - Samoa (then Wastren Samoa) gains unthirldom frae New Zealand.
* 1966 - The Australie Dollar replaces Poond sterling as the currency o Australie.
* 1968 - Floods in the state o Bahia, Brazil, kill 200 fowk.
* 1972 - Kurt Waldheim becomes Secretar-General o the Unitit Naitions.
* 1973 - The Unitit Kinrick, Republic o Ireland an Denmark jyn the European Economic Community.
* 1978 - Air India flicht 855 crashes aff Bombay, Indie, killin 213 fowk.
* 1981 - The Republic o Palau is creatit.
* 1981 - Greece jyns the European Economic Community.
* 1982 - Javier Pérez de Cuéllar becomes Secretar-General o the Unitit Naitions.
* 1984 - Brunei gains unthirldom.
* 1985 - Greenland leaves the European Economic Community.
* 1986 - Spain an Portugal jyn the European Economic Community.
* 1990 - Glesga stairts its year as European Caipital o Cultur.
* 1992 - Boutros Boutros-Ghali becomes Secretar-General o the Unitit Naitions.
* 1992 - The Ne'er's Day Storm hits Scotland an Norawa.
* 1993 - Czechoslovakie splits intae the Czech Republic an Slovakie.
* 1994 - The North Americae Free Trade Agreement atween Canadae, the Unitit States an Mexico enters intae force.
* 1995 - Austrick, Finland an Swaden jyn the European Union.
* 1995 - Fernando Henrique Cardoso becomes Preses o Brazil.
* 1997 - Kofi Annan becomes Secretar-General o the Unitit Naitions.
* 2001 - A fire at a cafe in Volendam, the Netherlands, kills 14 young fowk.
* 2002 - The Euro currency comes intae use in 12 European Union kintras.
* 2003 - Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva becomes Preses o Brazil.
* 2007 - Ban Ki-moon becomes Secretar-General o the Unitit Naitions.
* 2007 - Romanie an Bulgarie jyn the European Union.
* 2007 - Slovenie adopts the Euro currency.
* 2007 - Adam Air Flicht 574 breaks apairt in mid-air an crashes naur Sooth Sulawesi, Indonesie, killin 102 fowk.
* 2008 - Cyprus an Malta adopt the Euro currency.
* 2009 - A fire at a nichtclub in Bangkok kills 66 fowk.
* 2009 - Slovakie adopts the Euro currency.
* 2009 - Semme-sex mairiage becomes legal in Norawa.
* 2010 - A suicide bombin at a volleybaw gemme in Lakki Marwat, Pakistan, kills 105 fowk.
* 2011 - Estonie adopts the Euro currency.
* 2011 - Dilma Rousseff becomes the first female Preses o Brazil.
* 2013 - A crush at a Ne'er celebration in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, kills 60 fowk.
* 2014 - Latvie adopts the Euro currency.
* 2015 - Lithuanie adopts the Euro currency.
* 2016 - The nummer o regions in Fraunce (withoot Overseas territories) is cut frae 22 tae 13.
* 2017 - 39 fowk are kilt in a terror attack on a nichtclub in Istanbul.
* 2017 - António Guterres becomes Secretar-General o the Unitit Naitions.
* 2017 - The Scots Govrenment's Baby Box scheme stairts.
* 2018 - The sale o cannabis becomes legal in Californie.
* 2019 - Semme-sex mairiage becomes legal in Austrick.
* 2019 - New Horizons flies bi a Kuiper belt object nou kent as Arrokoth.
* 2019 - Jair Bolsonaro becomes Preses o Brazil.
* 2020 - Palau offeecially becomes the first kintra in the warld tae ban sun creams that are hairmfu tae coral reefs.
* 2021 - The Africae Continental Free Trade Aurie enters intae force.
* 2021 - COVID-19 pandemic: The nummer o recordit COVID-19 cases in the Unitit States gets tae 20 million.

## Births

* 1431 - Pape Alexander VI (d. 1503)
* 1449 - Lorenzo de' Medici, Florentine statesman (d. 1492)
* 1467 - Sigismund I the Auld, King o Poland (d. 1548)
* 1484 - Huldrych Zwingli, Swiss reformer (d. 1531)
* 1854 - James George Frazer, Scots social anthropologist (d. 1941)
* 1863 - Pierre de Coubertin, French foonder of the Internaitional Olympic Committee (d. 1937)
* 1864 - Alfred Stieglitz, American photographer (d. 1946)
* 1879 - E. M. Forster, Inglis short story writer, novelist, essayist an librettist (d. 1970)
* 1894 - Satyendra Nath Bose, Indie pheesicist an mathemateecian (d. 1974)
* 1895 - J. Edgar Hoover, Director o the FBI (d. 1972)
* 1919 - J. D. Salinger, American writer (d. 2010)
* 1922 - Ernest Hollings, American politeecian (d. 2019)
* 1926 - Blanca Rodríguez, First Lady o Venezuela (d. 2020)
* 1927 - Vernon L. Smith, American economist
* 1934 - Lakhdar Brahimi, Algerian politeecian and diplomat
* 1938 - Frank Langella, American actor
* 1941 - Martin Evans, Breetish biologist
* 1942 - Alassane Ouattara, Preses o Ivory Coast
* 1944 - Omar al-Bashir, umwhile Preses o Sudan
* 1946 - Roberto Rivelino, Brazilian fitbawer
* 1956 - Christine Lagarde, umwhile Managin Director o the Internaitional Monetar Fund
* 1969 - Paul Lawrie, Scots gowfer
* 1969 - Verne Troyer, American actor (d. 2018)
* 1972 - Lilian Thuram, French fitbawer
* 1977 - Inna Malikova, Roushie sangster an actress
* 1980 - Elin Nordegren, Swadish model
* 1982 - David Nalbandian, Argentine tennis player
* 1985 - Steven Davis, Northren Erse fitbawer
* 1986 - Pablo Cuevas, Uruguayan tennis player
* 1986 - Martin Woods, Scots fitbawer
* 1989 - Alan Martin, Scots fitbawer
* 1992 - Jack Wilshere, Inglis fitbawer
* 1992 - He Kexin, Cheenese airteestic gymnast
* 2000 - Glenn Middleton, Scots fitbawer

## Daiths
* 1515 - Louis XII o Fraunce (b. 1462)
* 1559 - Christian III o Denmark (b. 1503)
* 1766 - James Francis Edward Stuart, Jacobite pretender (b. 1688)
* 1894 - Heinrich Hertz, German pheesicist (b. 1857)
* 1953 - Hank Williams, American sangster (b. 1923)
* 1972 - Maurice Chevalier, French sangster an actor (b. 1888)
* 1992 - Grace Hopper, American computer scientist (b. 1906)
* 1994 - Cesar Romero, American actor (b. 1907)
* 1995 - Eugene Wigner, Hungarian-American pheesicist (b. 1902)
* 2015 - Donna Douglas, American actress (b. 1933)
* 2015 - Mario Cuomo, American politeecian (b. 1932)
* 2015 - Ninón Sevilla, Cuban-Mexican actress an dancer (b. 1921)
* 2018 - Manuel Olivencia, Spaingie lawyer, economist, professor an diplomat (b. 1929)
* 2020 - Don Larsen, American basebaw pitcher (b. 1929)
* 2020 - David Stern, American NBA commissioner (b. 1942)

## Halidays

* Ne'er's Day
* Independence Day (Haiti, Sudan, Brunei)
* Constitution Day (Italy)
* Victory o the Revolution (Cuba)