Moscow

**Moscow** is the caipital, the maist populous city, an the maist populous federal subject o Roushie. The city is a major poleetical, economic, cultural, releegious, financial, educational, an transportation centre o Roushie an the warld, a global city. Moscow is the maist populous city on the continent o Europe an the seivent lairgest ceety proper in the warld, a megaceety. The population o Moscow (as o 1 Januar 2010) is 10,563,038.

Moscow is situatit on the Moskva River in the Central Federal Destrict o European Roushie. In the course o its history the city haes served as the caipital o a progression o states, frae the medieval Grand Duchy o Moscow an the subsequent Tsardom o Roushie tae the Soviet Union. Moscow is the site o the Moscow Kremlin, an auncient fortress that is the day the residence o the Roushie Preses an o the executive branch o the Govrenment o Roushie. The Kremlin is ane o several Warld Heritage Sites in the city. Baith chambers o the Roushie parliament (the State Duma an the Federation Cooncil) sit in Moscow anaa.

The ceety is served bi an extensive transit netwirk, that includes fower internaitional airports, nine railwey terminals, an the Moscow Metro, seicont anerlie tae Tokyo in terms o ridership an recognised as ane o the ceety's laundmerks due tae the rich an varied airchitecture o its 182 stations.

Ower time, Moscow haes acquired a nummer o epithets, maist referrin tae its size an preeminent status athin the naition: The Third Rome (), Whitestane (), The First Throne (), The Fowerty Fowerties ().

The demonym for a Moscow resident is *Moskvitch*.

## Demografics
### Population

Accordin tae the results o the 2010 Census, the population o Moscow wis 11,503,501; up frae 10,382,754 recordit in the 2002 Census.

At the time o the offeecial 2010 Census, the ethnic makup o the ceety wis:
**Roushie: 9,930,410 (91.6%)
**Ukrainian: 154,104 (1.4%)
**Tatar: 149,043 (1.4%)
**Armenie: 106,466 (1%)
**Azeri: 57,123 (0.5%)
**Jews: 53,145 (0.5%)
**Belaroushie: 39,225 (0.4%)
**Georgie: 38,934 (0.4%)
**Uzbek: 35,595 (0.3%)
**Tajik: 27,280 (0.2%)
**Moldovan: 21,699 (0.2%)
**Mordvin: 17,095 (0.2%)
**Chechen: 14,524 (0.1%)
**Chuvash: 14,313 (0.1%)
**Ossetians: 11,311 (0.1%)
**Koreans: 9,783 (0.1%)
**Kazakh: 9,393 (0.1%)
**Bashkir: 6,609 (0.1%)
**Cheenese: 3,222 (0.03%)
**Vietnamese: 2,970 (0.03%)
**Ithers: 132,848 (1.2%)
*668,409 fowk wur registered frae admeenistrative databases, an coud no declare an ethnicity. It is estimatit that the proportion o ethnicities in this group is the same as that o the declared group.

The offeecial population o Moscow is taken frae those hauldin "permanent residency." Accordin tae Roushie's Federal Migration Service, Moscow an aw contains 1,800,000 offeecial "guests" who hae temporary residency on the basis o visas or ither documentation. The nummer o unoffeecial guests, those athoot proper documentation, is estimatit tae be an additional 1,000,000 fowk.

## Admeenistrative diveesions an govrenment

### Govrenment
Moscow is the seat o pouer for the Roushie Federation. At the centre o the ceety, in Central Admeenistrative Okrug, is the Moscow Kremlin, which hooses the hame o the Preses o Roushie as well as mony o the facilities for the naitional govrenment. This includes numerous military heidquarters an the heidquarters o the Moscow Military Destrict. Moscow, lik wi ony naitional caipital, is an aw the host o aw the foreign embassies an diplomats representin a multitude o naitions in Roushie. Moscow is designatit as ane o anerlie twa Federal ceeties o Roushie (the ither ane bein Saunt Petersburg). Amang the 83 federal subjects o Roushie, Moscow represents the maist populatit ane an the smawest ane in terms o area. Lastly, Moscow is locatit athin the central economic region, ane o twal regions athin Russia wi seemilar economic goals.

### Admeenistrative diveesions

The entire ceety o Moscow is heidit bi ane mayor (Sergey Sobyanin). The ceety o Moscow is dividit intae 12 admeenistrative okrugs an 146 destricts.

The Roushie caipital's specific toun-plannin development began tae shaw as early as the 12t century, when the ceety wis foondit. The central pairt o Moscow grew bi consolidatin wi suburbs in line wi the medieval principles o urban development, when strang fortress waws wad gradually gird alang the circle streets o adjacent new settlements. The first circular defence waws set the trajectory o Moscow's rings, layin the grundwirk for futur toun-plannin o the Roushie caipital.

The follaein fortifications servit as the ceety's circular defence bundaries at some pynt in history: the Kremlin waws, Zemlyanoy Gorod (earthwirk toun), the Kamer-Kollezhsky Rampart, the Garden Ring, an the smaw railwey ring. The Moscow Automobile Ring Road (MKAD) haes been Moscow's bundary syne 1960. An aw in the form o a circle are the main Moscow subway line, the Ring Line, an the sae-cried Third Automobile Ring, which wis completit in 2005. Hence, the characteristic radial-circle plannin continues tae define Moscow's further development. Housomeivver, contemporary Moscow haes an aw engulft a nummer o territories ootside the MKAD, sic as Solntsevo, Butovo, an the toun o Zelenograd.

Aw admeenistrative okrugs an destricts hae thair awn coats o airms an flags as well as the heid offeecials.

In addition tae the destricts, thare are Territorial Units wi Special Status. This uisually include areas wi sma or nae permanent populations, sic as the case wi the All-Russia Exhibition Center, the Botanical Garden, lairge pairks, an industrial zones. In recent years, some territories hae been mergit wi different destricts. Thare are nae ethnic-specific regions in Moscow, as in the Cheenatouns that exist in some North American an East Asie ceeties. Awtho destricts are no designated bi income, as wi maist ceeties, those areas that are closer tae the city centre, metro stations or green zones are considered mair prestigious.

Moscow an aw hosts some o the govrenment bodies o Moscow Oblast, awtho the city itsel is admeenistratively separate frae the oblast.

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns — Sister ceeties
Moscow is twinned wi the follaein ceeties:

## References