open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Tristania

**Tristania**, is a gothic metal/doom metal baund frae Stavanger, Norawa.

The group released thair debut album *[[[Widow's Weeds (album)|Widow's Weeds]]]* in 1998. Thair seicont album, *[[Beyond the Veil (album)|Beyond The Veil]]*, wis released in  1999.

On October 2007 it wis annoonced that sangster Mariangela Demurtas haes jynt Italian rock baund Reel Fiction, replacin sangster Vibeke Stene.

## Discography
**[[Widow's Weeds (album)|Widow's Weeds]]* (1998)
**[[Beyond the Veil (album)|Beyond The Veil]]* (1999)
**[[World Of Glass (album)|World Of Glass]]* (2001)
**[[Ashes (Tristania album)|Ashes]]* (2005)
**[[Illumination (Tristania album)|Illumination]]* (2007)
**[[Rubicon (Tristania album)|Rubicon]]* (2010)
**[[Darkest White]]* (2013)

### Demos and singles
*"Tristania" (demo) (1997)
*"Angina" (1999)
*"Sanguine Sky" (2007)

### Live album
**Widow's Tour* (1999)

## Personnel
*Mariangela Demurtas – vocals (2007&ndash;present)
*Kjetil Nordhus – clean vocals (2010&ndash;present)
*Anders Høyvik Hidle – harsh vocals, guitars (1996&ndash;present)
*Gyri Smørdal Losnegaard – guitars (2009&ndash;present)
*Ole Vistnes – bass, backing vocals (2009&ndash;present)
*Einar Moen – synth, programming (1996&ndash;present)
*Tarald Lie Jr. – drums (2010&ndash;present)

### Umwhile members
*Vibeke Stene – vocals (1997&ndash;2007)
*Østen Bergøy – clean vocals (2001&ndash;2010)
*Morten Veland – harsh vocals, guitars (1996&ndash;2000)
*Kjetil Ingebrethsen – harsh vocals, acoustic guitars (2001&ndash;2006)
*Svein Terje Solvang – guitars, harsh vocals (2006&ndash;2008)
*Rune Østerhus – bass (1996&ndash;2009)
*Kenneth Olsson – drums (1996&ndash;2010)

### Live session members
*Kjetil Nordhus – Clean vocals (2009&ndash;2010)
*Svein Terje Solvang – Guitars (2004&ndash;2006)
*Gyri Smørdal Losnegaard – Guitars (2009)
*Kjell Rune Hagen – Bass (2005&ndash;2008)
*Ole Vistnes – Bass/Backing vocals (2008&ndash;2009)
*Jonathan A. Perez – Drums (2005)
*Tarald Lie Jr. – Drums (2006&ndash;2010)
*Pete Johansen – Violin (2010&ndash;2011)

### Studio session members
* Østen Bergøy – Clean vocals (1997, 1999, 2001, 2010)
* Pete Johansen – Violin (1997, 1999, 2001, 2010)
* Hilde Egeland – Choir (1997)
* Marita Herikstad – Choir (1997)
* Hilde T. Bommen – Choir (1997, 1999)
* Maiken Stene – Choir (1999)
* Sissel B. Stene – Choir (1999)
* Jeanett Johannessen – Choir (1999)
* Rino A. Kolstø – Choir (1999)
* Jan Kenneth Barkved (deceased) – Clean vocals (1999, 2001)
* Ronny Thorsen – Harsh vocals (2001)
* Sandrine Lachapelle – Choir (2001)
* Emilie Lesbros – Choir (2001)
* Johanna Giraud – Choir (2001)
* Damien Surian – Choir (2001)
* Hubert Piazzola – Choir (2001)
* Hans Josef Groh – Cello (2004)
* Vorph – Harsh vocals (2006)
* Petra Stalz – Violin (2006)
* Heike Haushalter – Violin (2006)
* Monika Malek – Viola (2006)
* Gesa Hangen – Cello (2006)

## Freemit airtins
*Official website
*Kjetil Ingebrethsen's message regarding his departure 
*
*
*Tristania at Encyclopaedia Metallum

## References
Bani Suheila

**Bani Suheila** () is a Palestinian ceety in the soothren Gaza Strip's Khan Yunis Govrenorate. Accordin tae the Palestinian Central Bureau o Statistics the population o Bani Suheila haed grown frae 8,220 in 1945 tae 32,800 fowk in mid-year 2006.

Durin the nicht o August 31, 1955, Israeli airmit forces attacked Bani Suheila. On 5 Aprile 1956 Israeli airtillery shelled the toun.

## References
Rafah

**Rafah** (), kent an aw as *Rafiah*, is a Palestinian ceety in the soothren Gaza Strip. Locatit  sooth o Gaza, Rafah's population of 152,950 (2014) is owerwhelmingly made up o Palestinian refugees. Rafah camp and Tall as-Sultan camp form separate localities.Rafah camp an Tall as-Sultan form separate localities. Rafah is the district capital of the Rafah Governorate. Yasser Arafat International Airport, Gaza's anerlie airport, is locatit juist sooth o the ceety. Rafah is the steid o the Rafah Border Crossin, the anerlie crossin atween the Gaza Strip an Egyp.

## Etymology
Ower the ages it haes been kent as "Robihwa" bi the auncient Egyptians, "Rafihu" bi the Assiries, "Ῥαφία, Rhaphia" bi the Greeks, "Raphia" bi Romans, "" [pronooncit Rafiach] bi the Israelites, "Rafh" bi the Arab Caliphate.

## References
Deir al-Balah

**Deir el-Balah** or **Dayr al-Balah** () is locatit in the central Gaza Strip an is the caipital or *muhfaza* (seat) o the Deir el-Balah Govrenorate. Accordin tae the Palestinian Central Bureau o Statistics, the ceety haed a population o 49,751 in mid-year 2006.

Well-kent for its beaches an date palms, recent aircheological excavations uncovered a cemetery datin back tae the late Bronze Age filled wi pottery, tombs, bronze pots an a mosaic floor. Deir al-Balah an aw contains a monastery biggit bi St. Helena in 372 AD.

## Mayors
* Ahmad Kurd
* Sami Abu Salim

## Notes

## Freemit airtins
* Map of the Deir-al Balah Governorate
Khan Yunis

**Khan Yunis** - aften spelt Khan Younis or Khan Yunnis - (; literally *[[Islamic view o Jonah|Jonah]]'s [[Caravanserai]]*) is a ceety an adjacent refugee camp in the soothren pairt o the Gaza Strip. Accordin tae the Palestinian Central Bureau o Statistics the ceety, its refugee camp, an its immediate surroondins haed a total population o 180,000 in 2006. Although Khan Yunis lees anerlie 4 kilometers frae the Mediterranean Sea the climate o Khan Yunis is semi-arid wi temperatur reachin heich tae 30 degree C in simmer an decreasin heich at 10 degree C in winter region wi an annual rainfaw o approximately 260&nbsp;mm.

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns&nbsp;— Sister ceeties
Khan Yunis is twinned wi the follaein ceeties:
*  Hamar, Norawa
*  Almuñécar, Spain
*  Évry, Fraunce

## See an aw
*Palestinian refugee camps
*Leet o ceeties in Palestine

## References

## Freemit airtins
*Khan Younis, articles from UNWRA
*close-up map of Gaza
Limburg

**Limburg** mey refer tae:

A province dividit atween Belgium an the Netherlands as consequence o the Treaty o Lunnon
* Province o Limburg (1815–1839), a umwhile province o the Unitit Kinrick o the Netherlands
* Limburg (Netherlands), a province existin nou in the sooth o the Netherlands
* Limburg (Belgium), a province existin nou in the Flanders region o Belgium

Historical regions straddlin the border atween Belgium an the Netherlands
* The medieval Duchy o Limburg (1065-1794), which wis pairt o the Holy Roman Empire
* Limburg o the States (1633-1685),  one of the Generality Lands
* The new Duchy o Limburg (1839-1867), pairt o the German Confederation

Places in Germany:
* The umwhile Coonty o Limburg
* Limburg an der Lenne, nou cried Hagen-Hohenlimburg, a umwhile toun
* Limburg an der Lahn, a ceety
* Limburg, a castle in Sasbach am Kaiserstuhl
* Limburg Abbey, near Bad Dürkheim

Ither:
* The ''Limburg'' (tanker)'', a French ile tanker bombit aff Yemen

**Limbourg** mey refer tae:
* Limbourg, a toun in Liège, Wallonie, Belgium, that gave its name tae the region o Limburg
* The Limbourg brothers, painters Herman, Paul, an Johan; creators o the *Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry*
Limburg (Belgium)

:*This airticle deals wi a province in Belgium.  For ither uises o Limburg, see: [[Limburg]].*

**Limburg** (Dutch: ) is the eastmaist province o modren Flanders, which is ane o the three main poleetical an cultural sub-diveesions o modren Belgium. It is locatit wast o the river Meuse (Dutch *Maas*). It borders on (clockwise frae the north) the Dutch provinces o North Brabant an Limburg an the Belgian provinces o Liège, Flemish Brabant an Antwerp. Its caipital is Hasselt. It haes an aurie o 2,414&nbsp;km² which is dividit intae three arrondissements (*arrondissementen* in Dutch) containin 44 municipalities. Amang them, apairt frae Hasselt, are Borgloon, the early medieval caipital, Genk, a major economic centre, Diepenbeek, hame tae Hasselt University, an Tongeren, kent as the auldest ceety in Belgium acause it wis the anerlie Roman ceety in the province. Belgian Limburg wis niver cried Limburg till the 19t century, it's name bein a result o post-Napoleonic politics. The same region wis historically cried Loon.

## Leid

As in aw Flemish provinces, the offeecial leid is Dutch, but twa municipalities: Herstappe an Voeren are tae a certaint extent alloued tae uise French tae communicate wi thair ceetizens. Sic municipalities are cried the municipalities wi leid facilities in Belgium.

Several variations o Limburgish are an aw still actively uised, thir bein a diverse group o dialects which share features in common wi baith German an Dutch. *[[Limburg mijn Vaderland]]* is the offeecial anthem o baith Belgian an Dutch Limburg, an haes versions in various dialects o Limburgish, varyin frae accents closer tae staundart Dutch in the wast, tae mair destinctive dialects near the Maas. Ootside o the twa Limburgs relatit dialects or leids are foond stretched oot towards the nearbi Ruhr valley region o Germany. An thare are an aw relatit dialects aroond Aachen an in the extreme north o the province o Liège.

As in the rest o Flanders a heich level o multi-lingualism is foond in the population. Limburg is close tae Germany an Wallonie, an acause o the naitural poleetical, cultural an economics links, French an German hae lang been important seicont leids in the aurie. Inglis haes an aw nou acome a leid which is widely unnerstuid an uised in business an cultural activities, an is supplantin French in this regaird.

Veldeke, the medieval property o Hendrik van Veldeke, wis near Hasselt, alang the Demer river, tae the wast o Kuringen. He is ane o the first authors kent bi name in baith Dutch an German.

## References

### Ither sources
*
*

## See an aw
*Limburgish leid
*Leet o Govrenors o Limburg, Belgium
*Limburg (Netherlands), a province in sootheastren Netherlands.
*Hesbaye
*CIPAL
*Campine
*Limburg Science Park

## Freemit airtin
* Offeecial wabsteid
Abovyan, Ararat

**Abovyan** (; umwhile, **Verin Agbash**, **Verkhniy Agbash**, an **Agbash**) is a toun in the Ararat Province o Armenie.  The toun is namit in honor o the writer Khachatur Abovyan.

## References
*
*World Gazeteer: Armenia &ndash; World-Gazetteer.com
*Report of the results of the 2001 Armenian Census
Bagaran

**Bagaran** (; umwhile **Haji-Bayramli**) is a toun an umwhile fortress in the Armavir Province o Armenie, locatit 5 kilometres wast o the richt bank o the Akhurian River, an umwhile a caipital o Armenie.

Bagaran wis foondit at the end o the 3rd century BC bi the Armenie King Orontes II (212 BC − 200 BC).

## References

*
*
*
Aghvorik

**Aghvorik** (; umwhile, **Yeni-Yël**, **Yeniyol**, an **Karanamaz**) is a veelage an rural community (municipality) in the Shirak Province o Armenie.  The Naitional Statistical Service o the Republic o Armenie (ARMSTAT) reportit its population wis 118 in 2010, up frae 90 at the 2001 census.

## References
Hatsik, Shirak

**Hatsik** (, Romanisit as **Hats’ik** an **Atsik** an aw; umwhile, **Toparli** an **Topar**) is a toun in the Shirak Province o Armenie.

## References
*
*World Gazeteer: Armenia &ndash; World-Gazetteer.com
*
Steve Caballero

**Steve Caballero** (born 8 November 1964, San Jose, Californie) is a professional skeitchbuirder an muisicker. Steve wis born in the year o the dragon, an haes haed several buird graphics that featur dragons. He wis born wi scoliosis.

## Life an career
Caballero stairtit skatin in 1976 at the age o 12. He wis sponsored as an amateur bi Powell Peralta in 1978 at the age o 15. He turned pro in 1980 at the Oasis Skatepark, Soothren Californie durin the Gowd Cup series. He is a member o the Bones Brigade, an haes appeared in mony o thair videos, includin *[[The Search For Animal Chin]]*. His current sponsors include Powell Peralta Skateboards, Bones Bearings, Independent Truck Company, Autobahn Wheels, Vans Skate Shoes, Skull Candy headphones, Ohana Boardshop an Protec Helmets. His past sponsors includit Tracker Trucks, Standard Trucks an Bones Wheels. Caballero haes been featurt on the civer o Thrasher Magazine an several ither publications. Steve wis an aw a character in fower o the Tony Hawk gemmes, frae Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 2-4 tae Tony Hawk's Underground.

He invented the Caballerial, aroond 1980, in the 10&nbsp;ft. keyhole puil at Winchester Skatepark in Campbell, Californie.  As well as the frontside rock n' roll slide (nou mair commonly referred tae as a *frontside [[buird slide]]*).

He haes been a member o several punk baunds includin The Faction, Odd Man Oot, Shovelhead, an Soda, an released a compilation CD o the various baunds he haes appeared in titled *Bandology* throu Sessions Records. He an aw paints, collects toys, rides motocross, an is a het rod enthusiast. Caballero is divorcit frae his first wife Susan, wi whom he haed a dochter, Kayla Leslie. Caballero remarried on 15 Julie 2006 tae a wumman namit Rachael an thay hae a son thegither, Caleb Bela. He wis brocht up as a Catholic, studiet Zen/Taoism for 6 years, an in 2005 returned tae a non-denominational Christian kirk.

## Abridged contest history
*2nt in 1979 Winchester Open (San Jose).
*1st in 1983 Upland Pro-Am (Californie): pro pool.
*1st in 1988 Titus Warld Cup (Germany): streetstyle.
*1st in 1989 NSA Contest (Hawaii): mini ramp.

## References

*Brooke, Michael (1999). *Concrete Wave: The History Of Skateboarding*. ISBN 1-894020-54-5.

## Freemit airtins
*Offeecial Steve Caballero Blog 
*Steve Caballero Myspace page
Lucas Puig

http://www.lakai.com/team/puig/puig.jpg

**Lucas Puig** (born 31 Januar 1987, Toulouse) is a French professional skeitchbuirder frae in Toulouse, Fraunce 

## Sponsorship
Puig currently haulds sponsorship deals wi Cliché Skateboards, Adidas skateboarding, Independent Trucks, Autobahn Wheels, Fourstar Claedin, an Von Zipper Sunglasses.

## Video gemmes
Lucas Puig made his first video gemme appearance in EA's Skate 2 on Xbox 360 an PlayStation 3  in which he is a playable character. He haes appeared in EA Skate 3 ( Xbox 360/Playstation 3 ) as a playable character an representative o Lakai Limited Footwear an aw.

## References
Sandro Dias

**Sandro Dias** is a Brazilian professional vert skatebuirder.  He wis born on 18 Aprile 1975 in Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil an currently resides in Santa Ana, Californie.  He stairtit skatebuirdin in 1986 an turned pro in 1995.  He is considered the keeng o the 540 an ane o five fowk tae be able tae land the 900.  He wan the gowd medal at X Games 12 In Skateboard Vert. He is sponsored bi Red Bull, Oakley, Positiv Skateboards. He wan the warld vert skatin titles in 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 an 2007. In 2011 Sandro haes captured the warld vert skatin title ance again.  His saxt title.  He beat oot his close friend an team mate 8 time champion Andy Mac bi anerlie 50 championship points.   
## Freemit airtins
* 
*
*About.com
* EXPN.com
*Lat34.com 
*maloofmoneycup.com
Zangilan Rayon

**Zangilan** (Zəngilan) is a rayon o Azerbaijan. It haes been unner the control o the breakway Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, as pairt o its Qashatagh Province, syne the Nagorno-Karabakh War.
Zəngilan

:*For the admeenistrative destrict, see [[Zangilan Rayon]]; for the nearbi veelage umwhile wi this name, see [[İçəri]].*

**Zəngilan** (an aw, **Zangilan**, **Pirchevan**, **Pirchevany**, **Pirchivan**, **Pirtchevan**, an **Zangelan**) is a ceety in an the caipital o the Zangilan Rayon o Azerbaijan.

## References
*
*World Gazetteer: Azerbaijan &ndash; World-Gazetteer.com
Jabrayil Rayon

**Jabrayil** (Cəbrayıl) is a rayon o Azerbaijan. The region wis occupeed in 1993 an haes been controlled bi the breakway Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, as pairt o its Hadrut Province, syne the Nagorno-Karabakh War. Accordin tae the last 1989 Soviet census, thare wur 49,156 fowk in the rayon. According tae undated Azerbaijani data, the population of the rayon wis 62,100. Jabrail rayon haes productive soils, afore o war the population maistly wis involvit in agricultur. Jabrail haes it's soothren borders wi Iran.

## References


## Freemit airtins
*State Statistical Committee of Azerbaijan Republic. Population of Azerbaijan
Fuzuli Rayon

**Fizuli** is a rayon o Azerbaijan. It wis namit efter the Turkic poet Fuzûlî. Its caipital is the toun o Fizuli. The wastren hauf, includin caipital Fizuli, haes been controlled bi the breakway Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, as pairt o its Hadrut Province, syne the Nagorno-Karabakh War. Owin tae Resolution 874 o Unitit Naitions Security Cooncil, these lands haes been considered as occupeed bi Armenie forces.

IDPs frae Nagorno-Karabakh an the surroondin regions wur shiftit tae Fuzuli rayon frae tent settlements aroond the kintra. The IDPs live in new hooses biggit bi the govrenment.

## References


## External links
*State Statistical Committee of Azerbaijan Republic. Population of Azerbaijan
Qatana

**Qatana** () is a Sirie ceety admeenistratively belangin tae the Rif Dimashq Govrenorate. Qatana haes an altitude of 879 meters. It haes a population o 18,465.
Masyaf

**Masyaf** ( **) is a ceety in Sirie, in the Hama Govrenorate, notable for its muckle medieval castle. It wis uised bi Hashashins as their heidquarters efter the destruction o Alamut.

In popular cultur, Masyaf is kent for its appearance in the ''Assassin's Creed'' video gemme series.
Barada

The **Barada** (, ) is the main river o Damascus, the caipital ceety o Sirie. It flows throu the spring o `Ayn Fijah (عين فيجة), aboot 27 km north wast o Damascus in the Anti-Lebanon Muntains, but its source is Lake Barada, locatit at aboot 8 km frae Zabadani. The Barada descends through a steep, narrow gorge namit "Rabwe" afore it arrives at Damascus, whaur it divides intae seiven branches that irrigate the oasis o Ghouta (الغوطة). The 'Barada' name is thocht tae derive frae 'barid', i.e. 'cauld'. The auncient Greek name means 'gowden stream'.

Throughoot the arid plateau region east o Damascus, oases, streams, an a few interior rivers that empty intae swamps an sma lakes provide watter for local irrigation. Maist important o thir is the Barada, a river that rises in the Anti-Lebanon Muntains an disappears intae the desert. The Barada creates the Al Ghutah Oasis, steid o Damascus. This verdant aurie, some 370 square kilometers, haes enabled Damascus tae prosper syne auncient times. Frae the mid-1980s onwards, the size o Al Ghutah wis gradually bein erodit as suburban hoosin an licht industry frae Damascus encroached on the oasis.

The river haes suffered frae severe drocht in the last decades, mainly due tae the lawer rainfaw rates an the lairge increase in the population in the region. It an aw suffers frae serious pollution problems, especially in the simmer, whaur thare is amaist nae flow an little watter in the basin.

## Biblical mention
Barada is identifeed as **Abana** (or *Amanah*, classical Chrysorrhoas) which is the mair important o the twa rivers o Damascus an wis mentioned in the *[[Beuks o Keengs|Beuk o Keengs]]* (2 Keengs 5:12). As the Barada rises in the Anti-Lebanon Muntains, an escapes frae the muntains throu a narrae gorge, its waters spread oot fan-lik, in canals or *rivers*, the name o ane o which, the Banias river, retains a trace o *Abana*.

John MacGregor, who gies an interestin description o them in his beuk *Rob Roy on the [[Jordan River|Jordan]],* affirmit that as a work of hydraulic engineering, the seestem an construction o the canals, bi which the Abana an Pharpar war uised for irrigation, might be considered as ane o the maist complete an extensive in the warld. In the Bible, Naaman exclaims that the Abana an Pharpar are greater than aw the waters of Israel.

## References
**From [[Gutenberg Encyclopedia]] (1911)*
*
*
Zinjibar

**Zinjibar** () is a port an coastal toun in sooth-central Yemen, the caipital o Zinjibar Destrict an the Abyan Govrenorate.  It is locatit next tae the Wadi Bana in the Abyan Delta. Frae 1962 tae 1967, it wis the administrative caipital o the Fadhli Sultanate, awtho the royal residence remained at the umwhile caipital o Shuqrah. At the time o the 2004 census, Zinjibar's population numbered 19,879 indwallers. The toun supports a smaw seaside resort an fishing industry. Cotton (*[[Gossypium barbadense]]*) grown in the aurie is brokered in the mercat.

## History
Zinjibar wis a lang-established tradin centre for commerce wi the Far East. Housomeivver, in 1163 (559 AH) the toun wis burned an destroyed bi Abdel Nabi Ali Mahdi Yoosuf. It wis rebuilt as is evidenced bi 15t century Yemeni pottery at the Mazda (القريات) airchaeological steid, but wis destroyed again in tribal warfare.  In the 19t century, Fadhli Sultan Hussein bin Ahmed bin Abdullah re-established the toun, an in the early 1920s his grandson, Sultan Abdul Qadir bin Ahmed bin Hussein, renamit the toun Zinjibar in honour o a veesit bi Khalifa bin Harub, the Sultan o Zanzibar.

### 2011 revolt

## Notes
Ijuí

**Ijuí** is a Brazilian city o Rio Grande do Sul, situatit  frae the state caipital, Porto Alegre. In 2022 its population wis 84,726 an its area wis 688.982 km². It is kent as "The Laund o Diversifee'd Culturs" due tae the various naitionalities o its foondin immigrants, espeicial frae Europe.

Ijuí is a university toun wi major health services, containin ane o the best hospitals awa frae the state caipital, the Ijuí Charity Hospital (). Ijuí haes a variable daily population o approximately 100,000 fowk, being an important regional centre.

The city is servit bi João Batista Bos Filho Airport.

## See an aw
*Leet o municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul

## References
Ataq

**Ataq** (), alternately spelt *Attaq*, is a sma ceety an the caipital o Shabwah Govrenorate in Yemen. Ataq is 458&nbsp;km sooth east o Sana'a. The difference in elevation o the ceety is aboot 70 m wi generally pairtially flat topography wi altitudinal variation in the range o 1120–1190 m.a.s.l. Its population was around 37,315 accordin tae a 2004 census. On 24 Mey 1994, Ataq wis seized bi northren Yemeni forces. Accordin tae the Geo Names Database, Ataq is locatit at an altitude o 1146 metres. It is servit bi Ataq Airport; the landin strip is locatit tae the north o the toun.

## Landmarks
Ataq is describit bi Lonely Planet as "no at aw like an inland Yemeni toun"; ither publications hae describit it as Beau Geste in appearance an "completely different" an surroondit bi desert.

It contains the Shabwa Museum, an an auld souk an the Banata Specialist Hospital are locatit tae the sootheastren pairt o the toun which geographically stretches frae the northwast tae the sootheast. Dubai Hotel and Suites haes a hotel in the toun centre. Military camps are locatit in the wastren pairt. Approximately 50% o the biggins in Ataq hae twa storeys an the population is spread athort 70-80% o the ceety aurie.

### Shabwa Museum
Ataq contains the regional museum o the Shabwah Govrenorate, the Shabwa Museum. The museum contains important items relatit tae the prehistoric heritage o the aurie an contains mony items unearthed bi M. L. Inizan. In pairticular it contains relics frae the auncient ceety o Shabwa, the caipital o the auncient kinrick o Hadhramaut an items unearthed frae the airchaeological steids o the auncient Qataban an Osan kinrick.

The airport contains a technical touer, electricity station an fire brigade biggin.

## Urban development
In order tae impruive an create sustainable development conditions in Ataq ceety, in respect o watter an wastewater aspects the Yemen Govrenment launched a project tae meet population growth projectit tae 2025, wi funds providit bi International Development Agency (IDA).

## References
Al Khabr

**Al Khabr** is a veelage in the Shabwah Govrenorate o soothren Yemen, northeast o Ahwar an sooth o Ataq. The veelage is primarily agricultural, being locatit in a fertile river valley.

## References
Lahij

**Lahij** or **Lahej** (Arabic: لحج **) is a ceety an an aurie locatit atween Ta'izz an Aden in Yemen. Frae the 18t tae the 20t century, its rulers were o the Al-Abdali family who wi Al-Sallami, Al-Ramada, Al-Sindi an al-Aqrabi, claims relation tae Ahl al-Bayt (the family o Muhammad). Lahij wis the caipital ceety o Sultanate of Lahej, a protectorate o the Breetish Empire till 1967, when the sultan wis expelled an the ceety became a pairt o Sooth Yemen.
Qishn

**Qishn** () is a coastal toun in Al Mahrah Govrenorate, soothren Yemen. It is locatit at aroond . Its population is estimatit at mair nor 80000. It haes a landin strip, which is currently no in uise.

Historically, Qishn wis a port frae which incense wis exportit. The traveller an splorer Freya Stark notes that, "...frae Qishn, 200 tae 250 tons (o incense, annually). The best o it comes frae Saudah, Hadhbarm an Mirbãt, an the worst frae Qishn."

## Sources
Al Ghaydah

**Al Ghaydah** () is the caipital ceety o Al Mahrah Govrenorate in sootheastren Yemen. It is locatit at aroond .

## Transport
The ceety is servit bi Al Ghaydah Airport.
Al-Hamidiyah

**Al Hamidiyah** () is a toun on the coastal Sirie line aboot 3km frae the Lebanese border. The toun wis foondit in a vera short time on direct orders frae the Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II circa 1897, tae serve as refuge for the Muslim Cretans, Greek Muslims an Cretan Turks, who wur forcit tae leave Crete when the island stop being a pairt o the Ottoman Empire. The toun is hame tae aboot 8.000 fowk, wi the majority still speakin Cretan Greek in their daily lives.

## References


## See an aw
*Cretan Turks
*Greek Muslims
*Greeks in Sirie
*Crete
*History o Crete
Beit Lahia

**Beit Lahia** () is a ceety locatit north o Jabalia, near Beit Hanoun an the 1949 Armistice Line wi Israel. Accordin tae the Palestinian Central Bureau o Statistics, the ceety haed a population o 59,540 in mid-year 2006.

## History
The wird “Lahia” is Syriac an means “desert” or “fatigue”.  It is surroondit bi saund dunes, some rise tae  abuin sea level. The aurie is renouned for its  mony lairge sycamore fig trees. The ceety is kent for its fresh, sweet watter, berries an citrus trees. It haes an auncient hill an nearbi abandoned veelage ruins. A mihrab, or mosque alcove indicatin the direction o salaah (prayer), is aw that remains o an auncient mosque tae the wast o Beit Lahia datin tae the end o the Fatamid period an beginnin o the Ayyubid Dynasty o Saladin, an twa ither mosques datin tae the Ottoman period.

## References

## Freemit airtins
*Palestinian National Information Centre
Yatta, Hebron

**Yatta** or **Yattah** (; ) is a Palestinian ceety locatit in the Hebron Govrenorate on a heich approximately 8&nbsp;km sooth o the ceety o Hebron in the Wast Bank. Accordin tae the Palestinian Central Bureau o Statistics it haed a population o 48,672 in 2007.

## History
Yatta is locatit on the steid o the Biblical toun o Juttah. A Jewish burial complex datin tae the 2nt century CE wis foond in the toun in 1931. Eusebius (4t-cent.) wrote that Yatta wis "a vera lairge veelage o Jews aichteen miles sooth o Beit Guvrin."

In 1596 it wis recordit as haein a population o 127 Muslim families, an paid taxes on wheat, barley, olives, goats an bee-hives. In 1931 the population wis coontit as 4,034 Muslims. The day, some Palestinian-Arab residents believe they oreeginate frae the Jewish kinrick o Khaybar in the sooth-wastren Arabie Peninsulae an are descendit frae the Jewish tribes o Arabie. Research by Yitzhak Ben Zvi in 1928 also suggested that three out of the six extended families in Yatta belonged to the "Mehamra" group and possibly descended from an Arabian Jewish tribe.

Seiven Palestinians wur killed in Yatta durin the Seicont Intifada in different incidents frae 2002-04.

## Cultur
A ''Jillayeh'' dress frae  Yatta frae aroond 1910 is pairt o the Museum of International Folk Art (MOIFA) at Museum of New Mexico at Santa Fe.

## References

## Bibliography
*

## External links
*Yatta Town (Fact Sheet)

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Jenin

**Jenin** ( **, ) is the lairgest toun in the Northren Wast Bank, an the third lairgest ceety oweraw. It serves as the admeenistrative centre o the Jenin Govrenorate an is a major agricultural centre for the surroondin touns. In 2007, the ceety haed a population o 39,004 no includin the adjacent refugee camp (an aw namit Jenin) wi 10,371 residents.

## Etymology
Jenin wis kent in auncient times as the veelage o "Ein-Jenin" or "Tel Jenin". Tell Jenin is locatit at the centre o whit is the day Jenin's business destrict. The wird "'ayn" means "water spring" in Arabic an the wird "Jenin" micht be relatit tae the Arabic wird جنّة (*janna*), whilk means "garden".

## References
Smolensk Oblast

**Smolensk Oblast** (, *Smolenskaya oblast*) is a federal subject o Roushie (an oblast). Its aurie is .  Population: 

## Geography
The admeenistrative center o Smolensk Oblast is the ceety o Smolensk. Ither auncient touns include Vyazma an Dorogobuzh.

The oblast wis foondit on 27 September 1937. It borders Pskov Oblast in the north, Tver Oblast in the northeast, Moscow Oblast in the east, Kaluga an Bryansk Oblasts in the sooth, an Mogilev an Vitebsk Regions o Belaroushie, in the wast an northwast.

### Admeenistrative diveesions

Smolensk Oblast is dividit intae 25 destricts (*[[raion]]s* an 2 ceeties, which are further dividit intae 15 touns, 12 urban-type settlements, an 302 rural okrugs.

## Demographics
Accordin tae the (2002 Census), the naitional composition o the oblast wis as follaes:
*Roushies: 93.4%
*Ukrainians: 1.7%
*Belaroushies: 1.6%
*Armenies: 0.4%
*Roma: 0.3%
*Tatars: 0.2%
*Azeris: 0.2%,
an mony ither groups, nane mair nor 0.2% o the population.  (1.1% o the population did no state thair naitionality in the census.)

## Economy
Smolensk Oblast is pairt o Roushie's Central economic destrict. Industry in this destrict includes sectors sic as ingineerin an metalwirkin (production o measurin an hydrometeorological devices, computer equipment, electrical appliances, refrigerators, automobiles, pouer-generatin an store equipment, an aircraft manufactur), the chemical industry (production o ammonia, saltpeter, fertilizers, an plastics), licht industry (production o clothin, an cotton an linen fabrics), the fuid industry, an broun coal an peat production.

Nearly 40% o the industrial production potential is concentratit in the ceety o Smolensk. Diamond cuttin companies hae the lairgest share o GDP. The lairgest o thir companies is the Kristall State Unitary enterprise (GUP Kristall) in Smolensk. Smolensk is an aw a major centre o the ingineerin an metalwirkin industries, wi the instrument-makkin, electronics, electrical, an auto industries haein the lairgest share o GDP amang ingineerin companies.

## Notable fowk
*Isaac Asimov, born in Petrovichi
*Yuri Gagarin, born in Klushino
*Shmuel Schneersohn, born in Lyubavichi

## See an aw
*Katyn massacre
*2010 Pols presidential airplane crash

## References

## Freemit airtins

* Offeecial wabsteid o Smolensk Oblast .
* News o Smolensk Oblast
Ivanovo Oblast

**Ivanovo Oblast** (, *Ivanovskaya oblast*) is a federal subject o Roushie (an oblast).

Its three lairgest ceeties are Ivanovo (the admeenistrative center), Kineshma, an Shuya.

The principal centre o tourism is Plyos. The Volga River flows throu the northren pairt o the oblast.

## History
**Ivanovo Industrial Oblast** () wis established on 14 Januar 1929. On 11 Mairch 1936, the oblast wis dividit intae modren Ivanovo Oblast an Yaroslavl Oblast.

## Geografie
Ivanovo Oblast borders Kostroma Oblast (N), Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (E), Vladimir Oblast (S), an Yaroslavl Oblast (W).

## Economy
Industry in Ivanovo Region is subdividit intae several main sectors, includin the licht, chemical an petrochemical, fuid, forest, peat, ingineerin an metalwirkin, pouer, an biggin material industries. The primary an maist developit sector is licht industry, made up o the cleidin, knittin, textile, an shae industries. Companies in this sector employ hauf o the region's industrial wirkers. The textile industry, which began developin in the last quarter o the 17t century, is o fundamental importance. Textile companies in the region produce hauf o Roushie's textiles. Ingineerin occupees an important place in the region's industry. Ingineerin companies manufactur mobile cranes, looms an machine tuils, excavators, combin machinery, instrumentation, an caur components. The widwirkin an pulp an paper industries an aw mak a significant contreibution tae the regional economy. Forests o the region serve as a soorce o raw materials for thir industries. The fuid industry produces a variety o guids that are in demand in mony Roushie regions, as weel as abraid, e.g., sausage, mayonnaise, floor, cereals, canned meats an milk, confectionery, pasta, an alcohol.

## Demographics
;2008
*Births: 11,138 (10.3 per 1000)
*Daiths: 20,801 (19.3 per 1000) 

## Admeenistrative diveesions

## References

## Sources
*
Seiyun

**Say'un** (, an aw transliteratit as *Saywun* or *Seiyun*) is a toun in the Hadhramaut Govrenorate o Yemen.  Postage stamps frae the umwhile Aden Protectorate sultanate o Kathiri (Aden-Kathiri) are sometimes inscribit "Kathiri State o Seiyun." As o 2006 the population wis 75,700.

The maist prominent landmark is the Sultan Al Kathiri Palace, biggit in 1920s.

It is served bi Seiyun Airport.
Beit Hanoun

**Beit Hanoun** () is a ceety on the north-east edge o the Gaza Strip. Accordin tae the Palestinian Central Bureau o Statistics, the toun haed a population o 32,187 in mid-year 2006. It is locatit bi the Hanoun stream, juist  away frae the Israeli toun o Sderot.

## Demographics

Beit Hanoun haed a population o 885 in a 1922 Breetish Mandate census. The population mair nor doubled bi 1945. In that year, a land an population survey recorded 1,730 indwallers includin 50 Jews. In 1961, the population rose tae 3,876.

In the first offeecial census bi the Palestinian Central Bureau o Statistics (PCBS), Beit Hanoun haed a tot population o 20,780. Ower 90% o the residents wur Palestinian refugees. Thare wur 10,479 males an 10,301 females. The age distribution wis as follaes: Fowk 14 years o age or younger constitutit the majority at 65.6%, fowk atween the ages o 20 an 44 wis 26.8%, 45 tae 64 wis 5.7% an residents abuin the age o 65 wis 1.9%.

## Local infrastructur

Thare are twal seicontary, primary an agricultural schuils in Beit Hanoun an an agricultural college which is relatit tae al-Azhar University - Gaza. Thare is a medical centre an hospital in the ceety an several clinics maistly managed bi the Unitit Naitions.

## References
Dhamar Govrenorate

**Dhamar** ( **), an aw spelt *Thamar*, is a govrenorate o Yemen. It is locatit tae the sooth an sootheast o Sana'a Govrenorate, tae the north o Ibb Govrenorate, tae the east o Al Hudaydah Govrenorate an tae the northwast o Al Bayda' Govrenorate in the central heichlands o Yemen. It haes a tot auries o  an an estimatit population o aroond ane an a hauf million.

The visitor enters Dhamar govrenorate aboot 70&nbsp;km sooth o the Sana’a airport. The centre o the govrenorate is aboot  frae Sana’a, the caipital o the Republic. The govrenorate sits amang a nummer o ither govrenorates: Sana’a tae the north an northeast, al-Bayda’ tae the east, Ibb tae the sooth, an Raymah an al-Hudaydah tae the wast.

## Geography
The govrenorate covers , which is dividit amang 12 admeenistrative destricts (mudiriyyah) an further dividit intae 314 sub-destricts (‘uzlah). Accordin tae the 2004 census, the govrenorate contains 1,329,229 fowk, maist o whom live in the govrenorate’s 3,262 veelages.

The govrenorate’s climate is temperate, awtho the central an eastren sections o the govrenorate tend tae be cauld durin the winter, while the valleys an wastren slopes are warmer. The average temperaturs range frae  in simmer, an frae  in winter.

The govrenorate in general lees  abuin the sea level, wi a topographic relief that varies frae heich muntains tae deep valleys, upland plains an plateaus. The maist muntain peaks include Isbil, al-Lisi, Duran, the twa Wusab moontain ranges, an the ‘Utamah muntains. Jahran, in the north central pairt o the govrenorate, is its maist extensive plain.

## Destricts
*Al Hada Destrict
*Al Manar Destrict
*Anss Destrict
*Dawran Aness Destrict
*Dhamar Ceety Destrict
*Jabal Ash sharq Destrict
*Jahran Destrict 
*Maghirib Ans Destrict
*Mayfa'at Anss Destrict
*Utmah Destrict
*Wusab Al Ali Destrict
*Wusab As Safil Destrict
Al Mukalla

**Al Mukalla** ( **) is a main sea port an the caipital ceety o the Hadramaut coastal region in Yemen in the soothren pairt o Arabie on the Gulf o Aden close tae the Arabie Sea. It is locatit 480&nbsp;km (300&nbsp;mi) east o Aden an is the maist important port in the Govrenorate o Hadramaut, the lairgest govrenorate in Sooth Arabie.

Al Mukalla is the fowert lairgest ceety in Yemen wi a population o approximately 300,000. The ceety is servit bi the nearbi Riyan Airport.

## History
Al Mukalla wis foondit in 1035 as a fishin dounset. This aurie wis includit in Oman till middle o XI century an later this aurie wis includit in Yemen.

It wis the caipital o the Qu'aiti State o Hadhramaut till 1967 when it became a pairt o Sooth Yemen. The Qu'aiti State wis pairt o the Eastren Aden Protectorate till that merger. A Breetish Resident Advisor wis stationed at Al Mukalla.

## Education
The College ofMedicine o the Hadhramout University is locatit in Al Mukalla.

## References
*Offeecial Wabsteid o the Al-Quaiti Ryal Family o Hadhramaut
Sa'dah

**Sa`dah** ( **') is the caipital ceety o [[Sa'dah Govrenorate]] in north-wastren [[Yemen]]. It is locatit at , at an elevation o aboot 1,800 meters. Kent in antiquity as **Karna''', its population in 2004 wis estimatit at 51,870.

## Freemit airtins

* Encyclopaedia Britannica
'Amran

**'Amran**  (Arabic عمران) is the caipital o the 'Amran Govrenorate, locatit north-wast o Yemen. The toun lees on the road atween the caipital Sana'a an the maist significant ceety in northren Yemen, Sa'dah. This tot o ower 200&nbsp;km lang, pavit, biggit bi the Cheenese muntain road leads oot o Sana'a efter aboot 50&nbsp;km in the heich basin o Amran efter.

The ceety is growin considerably, acause in 2004, accordin tae offeecial census coontit Amran nearly 77,000 indwallers, accordin tae calculations in 2011, awready amaist 89,000. Syne the last census in 1994 (approx. 28,000 indwallers), this represents amaist a triplin o the ceety.

Amran is completely surroondit bi waws. Aboot this the place in recent years haes developit far ayont. The ceety waw dates frae 1720. The foondin o the toun dates back tae the era o the Auld Sooth Arabie Himyarites. At the time o the Sabaean kinrick, the toun blossomed intae a fortress. In pairticular, in the 7t century the toun wis a lairge bear airms durin the clashes o the Sabeans, a plurality regionally based tribes gang. Remains o carvit stanes that belanged tae umwhile temples an pailaces bear witness the day o past glory. A lairge stane inscription foond in the wastren ceety gate (Bab al-Kabir). As for the airchitectur o the Yemeni heichlands teepically prevail in front o hooses in clay an stane construction.
Matti Ahde

**Matti Allan Ahde** (23 December 1945, Oulu &ndash; 20 December 2019, Helsinki) wis a Finnish politeecian frae the Social Democratic Pairty.

He wis member o the pairlament frae 1970 tae 1990, when he left tae become CEO o state monopoly Veikkaus. Ahde hauld meenister posts in Sorsa cabinets 1982-1987 an wis electit tae the position o the speaker o the pairlament in 1987. He wis replacit as the speaker bi Kalevi Sorsa in 1989 when Sorsa stepped doun frae Holkeri cabinet tae mak position available for pairty chairman Pertti Paasio. 

Ahde quit as CEO o Veikkaus in 2001 an wis re-electit tae the pairlament in 2003.

## References
Hannele Pokka

**Pirkko Hannele Pokka** (born 25 Mey 1952) is a umwhile govrenor o the province o Lapland. She wis the fift Govrenor o Lapland an the first wumman tae hauld the office.

She wis marriet tae a municipal admeenistrator Esko Johannes Tavia (1993&ndash;2008), an is the mither o a dochter, Johanna. She haes written several romance novels.

She servit as Meenister o Juistice durin the Esko Aho's cabinet.

## Chronology o her poleetical career
*Meenistry o Eddication 1975
*Coonsel tae the Agricultural Producers' Association 1976&ndash;1979
*Associate judge on the Insurance Court 1977&ndash;1979
*Member o Parliament 1979&ndash;1994
*Meenister o Juistice 1991&ndash;1994
*Govrenor o Lapland 1994&ndash;2008

## Freemit airtins
* State provincial office of Lapland
Susanna Huovinen

**Krista Anri Susanna Huovinen** (born 10 Juin 1972 in Liminka) is a Finnish politician o the Social Democratic Pairty an a umwhile meenister.

Huovinen wis eleckit tae the Finnish Parliament in 1999 frae Central Finland an she wis deputy chairman o Social Democratic parliamentary group frae 2003 tae 2005, when she wis eleckit tae the cabinet. She haudit the post o Minister o Transport an Communications frae 24 September 2005 tae 18 Aprile 2007.

## References
Satu Hassi

**Satu Maijastiina Hassi** (born 3 Juin 1951) is a Finnish politeecian, an Memmer o the European Pairlament for the Green League. She servit as the Meenister o Environment an Development Co-Operation in Paavo Lipponen's seicont cabinet atween 15 Aprile 1999 an 31 Mey 2002; in accordance wi her pairty's poseetion on the issue, she quit the cabinet in protest o the govrenment's decision tae big a fift nuclear pouer plant in Finland. Hassi servit as the leader o her pairty atween 1999 an 2001. She wis a member o the naitional pairlament frae 1991 tae 2004; she left the pairlament when she wis electit tae the European Pairlament as the sole Finnish Green representative in the 2004 election.

In the European Pairlament she is Vice Preses o the Committee on the Environment, Public Health an Fuid Safety, vice member o the Committee on Industry, Research an Energy an member o the Temporary Committee on Climate Change.

Hassi wis previously a taistoist, a pro-Soviet member o the Communist Pairty in the 1970s. She haes a licentiate in technology, haes wirkit as an ingineer in a pouer company an taught at Tampere Varsity o Technology. She haes published three novels, a collection o poems an several essays. She haes an aw been co-author o a series o physics beuks for heich schuil students.

Hassi haes recovered frae breast cancer.

## References


## External links

*  Offeecial wabsteid
Pekka Haavisto

**Pekka Haavisto** (b. 23 March 1958 in Helsinki) is a Finnish politeecian representin the Green League. He wis re-electit tae the Finnish Parliament in the Finnish parliamentary election o Mairch 2007 efter an absence o 12 years. He is an aw a member o the Helsinki Ceety Cooncil.

Haavisto wis a member o the Parliament o Finland frae 1987 tae 1995. He wis the chairperson o the Green League frae 1993 tae 1995. He servit as the Meenister o Environment in Paavo Lipponen's first cabinet atween 1995 an 1999. He wis the first European cabinet meenister representin a Green pairty. 

Frae 1999 tae 2005 Haavisto wirkit in various tasks in the Unitit Naitions. He led the Unitit Naitions Environment Programme (UNEP) research groups in Kosovo, Afghanistan, Iraq, Liberie, Palestine an Sudan. He an aw coordinatit the UN investigation in the effects o depletit uranium in Kosovo, Montenegro, Serbie an Bosnie an Herzegovinae. Haavisto an aw representit UNEP in the investigations in the Baia Mare minin accident in Romanie. In 2005 he wis appointit as the special representative o the European Union in Sudan whaur he pairticipatit in the Darfur peace talks. In 2007 an 2011 Haavisto wis re-electit tae the parliament frae the electoral destrict o Helsinki. In 2011 he was electit the Green League candidate for
the Finnish presidential election o 2012.

Haavisto lives in a registered pairtnership wi Antonio Flores, who oreeginally comes frae Ecuador.

## References

## Freemit airtins
* Personal wabsteid
Snawbuird

**Snowbuirds** are boards, uisually wi a width the length o ane's fuit, wi the ability tae glide on snaw. Snowbuirds are differentiatit frae monoskis bi the stance o the uiser. In monoskiin, the uiser staunds wi feet inline wi direction o travel (facin tip o monoski/dounhill) (parallel tae lang axis o buird), whereas in snawbuirdin, uisers staund wi feet transverse (mair or less) tae the langitude o the buird.  Uisers o such equipment mey be referred tae as *snawbuirder*s. *Commercial snowbuirds* generally require extra equipment such as bindins an special buits which help secure baith feet o a snawbuirder, who generally rides in an upricht position. These type o boards are commonly uised bi fowk at ski hills or resorts for leisur, entertainment an competitive purposes in the activity cried snawbuirdin.

## See an aw

* Snawbuirdin

## References
Skeitchbuird

A **skeitchbuird** is typically a specially designed plywood buird combined wi a polyurethane coatin uised for makkin smoother slides an stranger durability, uised primarily for the activity o skateboard. The first skateboards tae reach public notice came oot o the surfin craze o the early 1960s, developit tae help surfers practice when waves wur unfavorable. The first prototypes wur simple widden buirds wi roller-skate wheels attached, an the practice wis sometimes referred tae as "sidewalk surfin." Bi the mid-1980s skeitchbuirds wur mass producit an sauld throughoot the Unitit States.

A skeitchbuird is propellt bi pushin wi ane fuit while the ither remains on the buird, or by pumpin one's legs in structures such as a puil or hauf pipe. A skeitchbuird can an aw be uised bi simply staundin on the deck while on a dounward slope an allouin gravity tae propel the buird an rider. If the rider positions their richt fuit forrit, he/she is said tae ride "goofy"; if the rider positions their left fuit forrit, he/she is said tae ride "regular." If the rider is normally regular but chuises tae ride goofy, he/she is said tae be ridin "switch," an vice versa. A skeitcher is typically mair comfortable pedalin wi their back fuit; chuisin tae pedal wi the front fuit is commonly referred tae as ridin "mongo."

Recently, electric skeitchbuirds hae an aw appeared. These nae langer require the propellin o the skeitchbuird bi means o the feet; rather an electric motor propels the buird, fed bi an electric battery.

There is nae govrenin body that declares any regulations on what constitutes a skeitchbuird or the pairts frae which it is assembled. Historically, the skeitchbuird haes conformit baith tae contemporary trends an tae the iver evolvin array o stunts performit bi riders/users, who require a certain functionality frae the buird. O course, the buird shape depends lairgely upon its desired function. Langbuirds are a type o skeitchbuird wi a langer wheelbase an lairger, softer wheels.

## See an aw
* Wheelbase
* Skeitchbuirdin
* Langbuird (skeitchbuirdin)
* Surfbuird

## References