1 December

The **1st o December** is the 335t day o the year (336t in lowp years) in the Gregorian Calendar, wi 30 days bidin.

## Events

* 1640 - Portugal regains its unthirldom frae Spain.
* 1821 - The first constitution o Costa Rica is issued.
* 1822 - Emperor Pedro I o Brazil is crouned.
* 1825 - Tsar Alexander I o Roushie dies.
* 1913 - The island o Crete is annexed bi Greece.
* 1918 - Iceland becomes a sovereign state in personal union wi the Dens Kinrick.
* 1918 - The Kinrick o Yugoslavie is proclaimed.
* 1918 - Transylvanie jyns wi Romanie.
* 1923 - The dam o the Gleno Reservoir naur Bergamo, Italy, bursts, killin ower 600 fowk.
* 1953 - Hugh Hefner publishes the first edeetion o Playboy magazine.
* 1955 - American Ceevil Richts: Rosa Parks refuses tae gie up her seat for a white man, an is arrestit, in Montgomery, Alabama.
* 1958 - The Central African Republic is creatit.
* 1961 - The Republic o Wast Papua is declarit in Wastren New Guinea.
* 1963 - Nagaland becomes the 16t state o Indie.
* 1964 - Maltae, Malawi an Zambie jyn the Unitit Naitions.
* 1966 - Kurt Georg Kiesinger replaces Ludwig Erhard as Chancellor o Wast Germany.
* 1976 - Angolae jyns the Unitit Naitions.
* 1988 - Benazir Bhutto becomes Prime meenister o Pakistan.
* 1988 - Carlos Salinas de Gortari becomes Preses o Mexico.
* 1990 - Sections o the Chainel Tunnel biggit frae Ingland an Fraunce meet.
* 1991 - Maist voters in Ukraine choose unthirldom frae the Soviet Union in a referendum.
* 1994 - Ernesto Zedillo becomes Preses o Mexico.
* 1999 - Openin o the Burj Al Arab Hottle in Dubai.
* 2000 - Vicente Fox becomes the first Preses o Mexico frae ootside the Institutional Revolutionar Pairty.
* 2006 - Felipe Calderón becomes Preses o Mexico.
* 2008 - Barack Obama nominatit Hillary Clinton as Unitit States Secretar o State.
* 2009 - The European Union's Lisbon Treaty enters intae force.
* 2012 - Enrique Peña Nieto becomes Preses o Mexico.
* 2016 - Vajiralongkorn becomes King o Thailand.
* 2017 - Japanese Emperor Akihito's abdication date is set for 30 Aprile 2019.
* 2017 - The groups are drawn for the 2018 FIFA Warld Cup.
* 2018 - Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador becomes Preses o Mexico.
* 2019 - COVID-19 pandemic: Earliest-recordit date wi a confirmit COVID-19 case.
* 2020 - A car is driven intae a crowd in Trier, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, killin 5 fowk.

## Births

* 1081 - Louis VI o Fraunce (d. 1137)
* 1083 - Anna Komnene, Byzantine princess an intellectual (d. 1153)
* 1761 - Marie Tussaud, French waxworks creautor (d. 1850)
* 1792 - Nikolai Lobachevsky, Roushie mathemateecian (d. 1856)
* 1844 - Alexandra o Denmark, Queen Consort o the Unitit Kinrick (d. 1925)
* 1886 - Rex Stout, American writer (d. 1975)
* 1895 - Henry Williamson, Inglis writer (d. 1977)
* 1896 - Georgy Zhukov, Marshal o the Soviet Union (d. 1974)
* 1925 - Martin Rodbell, American scientist (d. 1998)
* 1928 - Malachi Throne, American actor (d. 2013)
* 1929 - Alfred Moisiu, umwhile Preses o Albanie
* 1935 - Woody Allen, American actor an director
* 1937 - Vaira Vike-Freiberga, umwhile Preses o Latvie
* 1940 - Richard Pryor, American actor an comedian (d. 2005)
* 1945 - Bette Midler, American actress an sangster
* 1949 - Pablo Escobar, Colombie droglaird (d. 1993)
* 1949 - Sebastian Pinera, Preses o Chile
* 1956 - Billy Stark, Scots fitbawer an coach
* 1964 - Salvatore Schillaci, Italian fitbawer
* 1970 - Sarah Silverman, American actress an comedienne
* 1974 - Simon Donnelly, Scots fitbawer an coach
* 1988 - Tyler Joseph, American sangster (Twenty One Pilots)
* 1989 - Barry Bannan, Scots fitbawer

## Daiths
* 1135 - Henry I o Ingland (b. 1068)
* 1521 - Pape Leo X (b. 1475)
* 1825 - Alexander I o Roushie (b. 1777)
* 1830 - Pape Pius VIII (b. 1761)
* 1866 - George Everest, Welsh surveyor (b. 1790)
* 1934 - Sergey Kirov, Soviet-Roushie politeecian (b. 1886)
* 1964 - J. B. S. Haldane, Scots-born geneticist (b. 1892)
* 1973 - David Ben-Gurion, 1st Prime meenister o Israel (b. 1886)
* 1987 - James Baldwin, American writer (b. 1924)
* 2014 - Sita Murt, Catalan fashion designer an businesswoman (b. 1946)
* 2018 - Ken Berry, American actor (b. 1933)

## Halidays

* Warld AIDS Day
* Naitional Day o Romanie
* Self-governance Day (Iceland)
* Teachers' Day (Panama)
* Freedom an Democracy Day (Chad)
* Restoration o Unthirldom Day (Portugal)
* First Day o Simmer (Australie)
* Militar Abolition Day (Costa Rica)