Shinjuku

is ane o the 23 special wairds o Tokyo, Japan. It is a major commercial an admeenistrative centre, hoosin the busiest train station in the warld (Shinjuku Station) an the Tokyo Metropolitan Govrenment Biggin, the admeenistration centre for the govrenment o Tokyo.

As o 2008, the waird haes an estimatit population o 312,418 an a density o 17,140 persons per km². The tot aurie is 18.23&nbsp;km².

## Geografie
Surroondin Shinjuku are sax ither wairds: Chiyoda tae the east; Bunkyo an Toshima tae the north; Nakano tae the wast, an Shibuya an Minato tae the sooth.

## Neebourheids

Awtho the aurie immediately surroondin Shinjuku Station is hame tae hotels, depairtment stores, specialist electronic an camera shops, cinemas, restaurants, an bars, the rest o the ceety is a mix o residential wi commercial auries concentratit aroond railwey stations.

Notable auries o Shinjuku include:
* Ichigaya: A commercial aurie in eastren Shinjuku, steid o the Meenistry o Defense.
* Golden Gai: An aurie o sma shanty-style bars an clubs. Muisickers, airtists, actors an directors gather here, an the ramshackle waws o the bars are literally plastered wi film posters.
* Kabukichō: A reid-licht destrict well-kent for its bars, restaurants, an sex-relatit establishments.
* Kagurazaka: Ance ane o Tokyo's last remainin *[[hanamachi]]* or *[[geisha]]* destricts. Whiles nicknamit "Little Paris," Kagurazaka currently hosts a sizable French community.
* Nishi-Shinjuku: Hame tae Tokyo's lairgest concentration o skyscrapers. Several o the tawest biggins in Tokyo are locatit in this aurie, includin the Tokyo Metropolitan Govrenment Biggin, KDDI Biggin an Pairk Touer. Locatit wast o Shinjuku Station.
* Ōkubo: Tokyo's best-kent Korean destrict.
* Shinjuku Gyoen is a lairge pairk, 58.3 hectares, 3.5&nbsp;km in circumference, blendin Japanese traditional, Inglis Landscape an French Formal style gardens.
* Shinjuku Ni-chōme: Tokyo's best-kent gay destrict.
* Takadanobaba an Waseda: The aurie atween Waseda University, ane o the maist prestigious private varsities in Japan, an Takadanobaba Station is a major residential an nichtlife aurie for students.
* Yotsuya: An upscale residential an commercial destrict; the Arakichō aurie is well-kent for its mony sma restaurants, bars, an *izakaya*.

## History

In 1634, durin the Edo period, as the ooter moat o the Edo Castle wis biggit, a nummer o temples an shrines muivit tae the Yotsuya aurie on the wastren edge o Shinjuku. In 1698, Naitō-Shinjuku haed developit as a new (shin) station (shuku or juku) on the Kōshū Kaidō, ane o the major highways o that era. Naitō wis the faimily name o a daimyo whose mansion stuid in the aurie; his land is nou a public pairk, the Shinjuku Gyoen.

In 1920, the toun o Naitō-Shinjuku that comprisit lairge pairts o present-day Shinjuku, pairts o Nishi-Shinjuku an Kabukichō wis integratit intae Tokyo Ceety. Shinjuku began tae develop intae its current form efter the Great Kantō earthquake in 1923, syne the seismically stable aurie lairgely escapit the devastation. Consequently, Wast Shinjuku is ane o the few auries in Tokyo wi mony skyscrapers.

The Tokyo air raids frae Mey tae August 1945 destroyed amaist 90% o the biggins in the aurie in an aroond Shinjuku Station. The pre-war form o Shinjuku, an the rest o Tokyo, for that matter, wis retained efter the war acause the roads an rails, damaged as thay wur, remained, an thir formit the hert o the Shinjuku in the post-war construction. Anerlie in Kabuki-cho wis a grand reconstruction plan put intae action.

The present waird wis established on 15 Mairch 1947 wi the merger o the umwhile wairds o Yotsuya, Ushigome, an Yodobashi. It servit as pairt o the athletics 50&nbsp;km walk an marathon course durin the 1964 Simmer Olympics.

In 1991, the Tokyo Metropolitan Govrenment muivit frae the Marunouchi destrict o Chiyoda tae the current biggin in Shinjuku. (The Tokyo International Forum stands on the umwhile steid vacatit bi the govrenment.)

## Economy
Mony companies hae thair heidquarters or Tokyo offices in Shinjuku.

* NTT East haes its heidquarters in the Shinjuku.
* Seiko Epson's Tokyo office is in the Shinjuku NS Building in Nishi-Shinjuku.
* Atlus haes its heidquarters in Kagurazaka.
* Nissin Foods's Tokyo offices are in Shinjuku.
* Airtransse, a regional airline, haes its heidquarters near Shinjuku Gyoen.
* Shinchosha haes its heidquarters in Yaraichō, Shinjuku
* Futabasha haes its heidquarters in Higashigokenchō, Shinjuku
* Yoshinoya haes its heidquarters in the  in Shinjuku.
* H.I.S.'s headquarters is in the Shinjuku Oak Touer in Nishi-Shinjuku
* Taisei Corporation haes its heidquarters in Nishi-Shinjuku.
* Jorudan haes its heidquarters in Shinjuku.
In Mairch 1990 the heidquarters o Bandai Visual muivit tae the Shinjuku neebourheid in Shinjuku Waird. In August 1991 the heidquarters muivit tae Taitō, Tokyo. Previously the heidquarters o MOS Burger wur in Shinjuku.

## Govrenment an politics

Lik the ither wairds o Tokyo, Shinjuku haes a status equivalent tae that o a ceety. The current mayor is Hiroko Nakayama. The  consists o 38 electit members; the Leeberal Democratic Pairty an New Komeitō Pairty thegether currently hauld a majority. The Democratic Pairty o Japan, Japanese Communist Pairty an the Social Democratic Pairty are an aw representit thegither wi fower independents. Shinjuku's  is locatit on the sootheastren edge o Kabukichō.

Shinjuku is the location o the metropolitan govrenment o Tokyo anaw. The govrenor's office, the metropolitan assembly chamber, an aw admeenistrative heid offices are locatit in the Tokyo Metropolitan Govrenment Biggin.

### Elections
* Shinjuku local election, 2004
* Shinjuku mayoral election, 2006
* Shinjuku local election, 2007

## Transportation

Shinjuku is a major urban transit hub. JR Shinjuku Station sees an estimatit 3.64 million passengers pass throu each day, makkin it the busiest station in the warld. It hooses interchynges tae three subwey lines an three privately awned commuter lines, as well as several JR lines.

### Rail
A leet o railwey lines passin throu an stations locatit athin Shinjuku includes:
* JR East
** Yamanote Line: , , Shinjuku
** Chūō Line (Rapid), Chūō-Sōbu Line: , , Shinjuku, 
** Saikyō Line, Shōnan-Shinjuku Line: Shinjuku
* Tokyo Metro
** Marunouchi Line: Yotsuya, , , , Shinjuku, 
** Yūrakuchō Line: Ichigaya, 
** Tōzai Line: , , Takadanobaba, 
** Fukutoshin Line: , , Shinjuku-sanchōme
** Namboku Line: Iidabashi, Ichigaya, Yotsuya
* Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation
** Toei Shinjuku Line: , Shinjuku-sanchōme, Shinjuku
** Toei Ōedo Line: , , , , , , , , Higashi-Shinjuku, 
** Toden Arakawa Line: Omokagebashi, Waseda
* Odakyū Electric Railway Odawara Line: Shinjuku
* Keio Corporation Keiō Line, Keiō New Line: Shinjuku
* Seibu Railway Seibu Shinjuku Line: , Takadanobaba, , Nakai

### Roads

Shuto Expressway:
* No.4 Shinjuku Route (Miyakezaka JCT - Takaido)
* No.5 Ikebukuro Route (Takebashi JCT - Bijogi JCT)

Naitional heich-gates:
* Naitional Route 20 (Shinjuku-dōri, Kōshū-kaidō)

Ither major routes:
* Tokyo Metropolitan Route 8 (Mejiro-dōri, Shin-Mejiro-dōri)
* Tokyo Metropolitan Route 302 (Yasukuni-dōri, Ōme-kaidō)
* Tokyo Metropolitan Route 305 (Meiji-dōri)

## Education
### Colleges an universities
* Chuo University graduate schuil
* Gakushuin Women's College
* Japan Electronics College
* Keio University Medical College
* Kogakuin University
* Lakeland College Japan
* Mejiro University
* Tokyo Fuji University
* Tokyo Medical University
* Tokyo University o Science
* Tokyo Women's Medical University
* Waseda University

### Schuils
Public elementary an junior heich schuils in Shinjuku are operatit bi the Shinjuku Ceety Buird o Education. Public heich schuils are operatit bi the Tokyo Metropolitan Govrenment Buird o Education.
*Koishikawa Technical Heich Schuil
*Ichigaya Commercial Heich Schuil
*Shinjuku Heich Schuil
*Shinjuku Yamabuki Heich Schuil
*Toyama Heich Schuil

## Public institutions

### Libraries
Shinjuku operates several public libraries, includin the Central Library (wi the Childer's Library), the Yotsuya Library, the Tsurumaki Library, Tsunohazu Library, the Nishi-Ochiai Library, the Toyama Library, the Kita-Shinjuku Library, the Okubo Library, an the Nakamachi Library. In addition thare is a branch leebrar, Branch Library o Central Library in the Ceety Office, locatit in the ceety office.

### Hospitals
Thare are several major hospitals locatit athin the ceety leemits.

* Keio University Hospital
* International Medical Center o Japan
* Social Insurance Chūō General Hospital
* Tokyo Medical University Hospital
* Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital
* Tokyo Metropolitan Health an Medical Treatment Corporation Ohkubo Hospital

### Cultural centers
#### Museums
* Naitional Printin Bureau Banknote an Postage Stamp Museum
* Naitional Museum o Natur an Science, Shinjuku Branch
* Shinjuku Historical Museum
* Tokyo Fire Department Museum

#### Haws
* Tokyo Opera City
* Shinjuku Bunka Center
* WelCity Tokyo
* Meiji Yasuda Life Hall
* Shinjuku Koma Theater

## Sichtseein
Shinjuku is hame tae mony well-kent sichts an tourist attractions.
* Shinjuku Gyoen
* Shinjuku Central Park (Shinjuku Chūō Kōen)
* Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building (designed bi renouned architect Kenzo Tange)
* Park Hyatt Tokyo an Park Touer (featurt in the film *[[Lost in Translation (film)|Lost in Translation]]*)
* Waseda University's Ōkuma Auditorium
* Waseda El Dorado biggin
* Meiji Shrine Outer Gardens an the Meiji Memorial Picture Gallery

## Sister ceeties
Shinjuku haes sister ceety greements wi several localities:

*  Lambeth, Lunnon, Unitit Kinrick
*  Lefkada, Greece
*  Mitte, Berlin, Germany
*  Dongcheng, Beijing, Fowkrepublic o Cheenae

## References

## Freemit airtins

* Shinjuku Ceety offeecial wabsteid 
* Shinjuku Ceety offeecial wabsteid  
*  
* Shinjuku  Airchitectur an Cairt