open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Long Beach

**Long Beach** is a ceety situatit in Los Angeles Coonty in Soothren Californie, on the Pacific coast o the Unitit States. The ceety is the 36t-lairgest ceety in the naition an the seivent-lairgest in Californie. As o 2010, its population wis 462,257. In addeetion, Long Beach is the seicont lairgest ceety athin Greater Los Angeles Aurie, efter Los Angeles, an a principal ceety o the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana metropolitan aurie.

The ceety is a dominant maritime centre o the Unitit States. The Port of Long Beach is the Unitit States' seicont busiest container port an ane o the warld's lairgest shippin ports. The ceety maintains a lairge ile industry wi the substance bein foond baith unnergrund an affshore an aw. Manufacturin sectors include those in aircraft, caur pairts, electronic an audiovisual equipment, an hame furnishins. It is hame tae heidquairters for corporations includin Epson America, Molina Healthcare, an SCAN Health Plan. Long Beach haes grown wi the development o heich-technologie an aerospace industries in the aurie.

Downtown Long Beach is locatit approximately  sooth o Downtown Los Angeles, housomeivver, the twa ceeties border ilk ither for several mile on Long Beach's soothwastren portion. Long Beach borders Orange Coonty on its sootheast edge.

## References
Mexicali

**Mexicali** () is the caipital o the Mexican state o Baja California, seat o the Municipality o Mexicali, an 2nt lairgest ceety in Baja California. The Ceety o Mexicali haes a population o 689,775, accordin tae the 2010 census, while the population o the entire metropolitan aurie (as well the municipality) reaches 936,826.

## References

## Freemit airtins

*Link to tables of population data from Census of 2005  INEGI: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática
Ribe

**Ribe** (), the auldest extant Dens toun, is in soothwast Jutland an haes a population o 8,187 (1 Januar 2012). Till 1 Januar 2007, it wis the seat o baith the surroondin municipality, an county. Ribe is nou pairt o the enlairgit Esbjerg Municipality in the Region o Soothren Denmark.

## History

Establisht in the first decade o the 8t century an first attestit in a document datit 854 AD; Ribe is the auldest toun in Denmark.

Whan Ansgar the Airchbishop o Hamburg-Bremen, set oot on the "Mission tae bring Christianity tae the North", he made a request in 860, tae the King o Denmark, that the first Scandinavie kirk be built in Ribe. This wis no coincidental, syne Ribe awready at that point wis ane o the maist important trade ceeties in Scandinavie. Housomeivver the presence o a bishop, an thus a cathedral, in Ribe can anerlie be confirmit frae the year 948 AD.

The toun haes mony well-preservit auld buildings, Ribe Cathedral, an aboot 110 hooses are unner Heritage Protection.  Denmark's auldest toun haw is foond on the toun's Von Støckens Plads.  The biggin wis erectit in 1496, an wis purchased bi the ceety for uise as a toun haw in 1709.

### Timeline
* Early 8t century AD, foondin o Ribe.
* The Treaty o Ribe was proclaimed in 1460.
* 3 September 1580: a great fire destroys a lairge pairt o the toun. 11 streets an 213 hooses burn doun.
* 11–12 October 1634: a storm tide floods the ceety wi watterlevels risin tae 6.1&nbsp;metres abuin average.
* 1 Januar 2007: the Municipality o Ribe ceased tae exist as it mergit wi the municipalities o Esbjerg an Bramming, now formin a new municipality o Esbjerg.
* 4 Juin 2010: residents celebratit the ceety's 1300t anniversary wi a toun-wide pairty

## Demografics
The follaein table shows the population o Ribe. Data frae afore the 18t century are estimates, the rest are taken frae the offeecial census.

## Twin ceeties an touns

(alphabetic leet)
*  Balleroy, région Basse-Normandie, Fraunce
*  Ely, coonty o Cambridgeshire, Unitit Kinrick.
*  Güstrow, state o Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
*  Krems, federal state o Lawer Austrick, Austrick.
*  Leikanger, coonty o Sogn og Fjordane, Norway.
*  Ratzeburg, state o Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
*  Strängnäs, county o Södermanland, Swaden.
*  Tainan (), Republic o Cheenae (Taiwan).

## References


## Freemit airtins
* Official Tourism website 
* Satellite Picture by Google Maps
Baldr

**Baldr** is Odin's seicont son. He is the god o simmer sin, licht, an radiance. His twin brither is the blind god o darkness, Hodhr. His guidwife is cried Nanna. They hae a son, cried Forseti, god o juistice. Baldur haes a ship, whilk is the lairgest ship iver built. It is cried Hringhorni. His haw is cried Breidlabik.
Based on the Merseburg charms, his germanic name mey hae been **Phol**. 

Baldr ance haed a nichtmare that he wad be killt. His mither, Frigg, made aw the things on Yird vou nae tae hurt him. The mistletoe didnae vow, housomeivver, an Frigg conseidert it tae be sae wanimportant that she didnae mynd. Loki foond oot that the mistletoe haednae voued, made a spear oot o mistletoes, an trickit Hodhr tae kill Baldur wi it. The daith o Baldur is the stairt o Ragnarok. Mony gods an goddesses cam tae his funeral. His guidwife Nanna dee'd o sadness. His faither, Odin, placit the gowden ring Draupnir on Baldr, but efter he sent the ring back frae Hell. This ring somehou cam tae Freyr's haund.

Efter Ragnarok an the daith o Odin, Baldur an Hodhr cam back tae heiven, an they rule in place o their faither.
La Estrella, Antioquia

**La Estrella** is a toun an municipality in Antioquia, Colombia. La Estrella is pairt o the Metropolitan Aurie o Medellín.
Barbosa, Antioquia

**Barbosa** is a toun an municipality in Antioquia, Colombie. Situatit 39&nbsp;km frae Medellín's dountoun, it is ane o the municipalities o the Metropolitan Aurie o Medellín. It is kent as the Gatewey tae the northeast, kenspeckle fur its lochs an burns. A traditional Pineapple Festival is haudit thare in December. The Train Festival taks place in August in the destrict o El Hatillo.
Sakai

is a ceety in Osaka Prefectur, Japan. It haes been ane o the lairgest an maist important seaports o Japan syne the Medieval era.

Follaein the Februar 2005 annexation o the toun o Mihara, frae Minamikawachi Destrict, the ceety haes grown further an is nou the fowerteent maist populous ceety in Japan, wi 833,414 residents as o 2007-05-01.

The current ceety wis legally foondit on 1 Aprile 1889 accordin tae the laws o Imperial Japan. Sakai became a designatit ceety in Aprile 2006 givin it a greater measur o sel-determination in govrenmental affairs. It is dividit intae seiven destricts.

Sakai is kent for its keyhole-shapit burial moonds, or kofun, which date frae the 5t century. The lairgest o these, Daisen Kofun, is believit tae be the grave o the Emperor Nintoku an is the lairgest grave in the warld bi aurie. Ance kent for samurai swords, Sakai is nou famous for the quality o its kitchen knives; maist heich-quality Japanese cutlery oreeginates in Sakai, an its production is a major industrie in the ceety.

## Wairds
Sakai haes seiven wairds (*ku*):

* Sakai-ku—admeenistrative centre
* Kita-ku
* Nishi-ku
* Naka-ku
* Higashi-ku
* Mihara-ku
* Minami-ku


File:Sakai wards.png|A map o Sakai's Wairds
File:Sakai City Hall 2024.jpg|Sakai Ceety Haw


## Varsities
* Osaka Prefectur Varsity
* Taisei Gakuin Varsity
* Tezukayama Gakuin Varsity

## Sister an friendship ceeties
*  Berkeley, Californie, Unitit States—1967
*  Lianyungang, Jiangsu,  Cheenae—1983
*  Tanegashima, Kagoshima, Japan—1986
*  Higashiyoshino, Nara, Japan—1986
*  Wellington, New Zealand—1994

## See an aw
* Osaka Metropolis plan
* Sakai City Museum

## References

## Freemit airtins

* Sakai offeecial wabsteid
Sezen Aksu

**Sezen Aksu** (; born: **Fatma Sezen Yıldırım**; 13 Julie 1954 in Sarayköy, Denizli) is a Turkis pop muisic sangster, sang-writer an producer who sauld ower 40 million albums warldwide. Her elk-names include the "Queen o Turkis Pop" an *Minik Serçe* ("Little Sparrow").

Aksu's influence on Turkis pop an warld music haes continued syne her debut in 1975, an haes been reinforcit bi her patronage o an collaboration wi mony ither muisickers, includin Sertab Erener, Şebnem Ferah, Aşkın Nur Yengi, Hande Yener, an Levent Yüksel. Her wirk wi Tarkan resultit in continental hits like "Şımarık" an "Şıkıdım" an her collaboration wi Goran Bregović widened her internaitional audience.

## Biografie
Sezen Aksu wis born in Sarayköy, Turkey. Her faimily muivit tae Bergama whan she wis 3 year auld an she spent her bairnheid an early youth thare. Aksu's parents discouragit her singin acause they wantit her tae hae a steady profession as a doctor or engineer. She uised tae wait till they left the hoose an sing on the faimily's balcony. Efter feenishin heich schuil, she began studyin at the local agricultural institute, but left college tae concentrate on muisic.

Alang wi her close friend Ajda Pekkan, Aksu is credited wi layin the foondations o Turkis pop muisic in the 1970s. Her sound has also spread across the Balkans and Greece. It wis this soond that chyngit the face o the Eurovision sang contest when her protégé Sertab Erener wan in 2003. Aksu has also toured in Europe an the U.S tae creetical appraise.

She haes championed a variety o causes, includin support towards the Juistice an Development Pairty, weemen's richts, the environment, an educational reform in Turkey. Aksu haes been marriet an divorcit fower times, but kept the name frae her seicont marriage tae Ali Engin Aksu, a doctor o geologie who currently resides in Canadae. She haes a son, Mithat Can, wi Sinan Özer.

## Discografie

### Muisic Albums

## Notes
Caldas, Antioquia

**Caldas** is a toun an municipality in Antioquia, Colombie. Caldas is pairt o the Metropolitan Aurie o Medellín.  It is the seat o the Roman Catholic Diocese o Caldas.
Cosolapa

**Cosolapa** is a toun an municipality in Oaxaca in sooth-wastren Mexico. The municipality covers an aurie o 149.27 km². 
It is pairt o the Tuxtepec Destrict o the Papaloapan Region.

As o 2005, the municipality haed a total population o 14,305.

## References
Animas Trujano, Oaxaca

**Animas Trujano** is a toun an municipality in Oaxaca in sooth-wastren Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 6.7 km², an it is pairt o the Centro Destrict in the Valles Centrales region. Its climate is wairm maist o the time, an the municipal aurie haes a diversity o baith animal an plant species. As o 2005, the municipality haed a total population o 3189, the majority o thaim bein Catholic. Approximately 69 fowk speak an indigenous leid, accordin tae the 2005 INEGI census. The oreegin o the name "Animas Trujano" dates tae the times o the Mexican War o Unthirldom. Oreeginally, the municipality wis juist cried "Animas", but fowk decidit tae add the wird "Trujano" in honor tae Valerio Trujano. He spent a little time in Animas, but then he wis executit bi the Spainyie ryalist airmy durin the Mexican War o Unthirldom. Ane o the attractions o Animas Trujano is the "Danza de la Pluma". Fowk celebrate the feast day o the Virgin o Guadalupe on 12 Dizember a festival in honor o the Virgin o Rosario, the Holy Week an mair an aw.

## History
This toun, alang wi three ither suburbs nearbi (Santa María, la Raya an San Bartolo el pequeño), were initially pairt o a lairger municipality cried San Bartolo Coyotepec. Housomeivver, ower time, Animas an those three commonties separatit an eventually became unthrilt. At first, Animas wis anerlie inhabitit bi twa or three faimilies who wur sent thare bi San Bartolo in order tae wirk the laund. Durin that time, the awner o an adjacent ferm called "Hacienda del Carmen" dividit it an gave each o his wirkers a portion. Acause this ferm wis close tae Animas, it an its inhabitants later became a pairt o it. Whan Animas' name wis chyngit tae "Animas Trujano", the toun wis no yet a municipality. It became on 17 Februar 1868, efter the Mexican War o Unthirldom, that it wis offeecially recognisit as a municipality.

## Cultur
Animas Trujano haes ane o the auldest nineteent-century kirks o Oaxaca, which is recognisit as a historical monument. An aw, awtho it is no a big ceety, it haes its awn muisical baund, which plays various sangs frae different eras. The baund is characterisit bi the fact that its members uise wind instruments tae produce their muisic. Besides the variety o celebrations, the municipality provides mony kynds o dishes, such as "mole negro," "empanadas" an "tlayudas con asiento". Chocolate, "champurrado" an "atole de granillo" mak up the teepical beverages o this region.

## References
Animas Trujano

**Animas Trujano** mey refer tae:

* ''Ánimas Trujano'' (film), a 1962 Mexican film directit bi Ismael Rodríguez
* Animas Trujano, Oaxaca, a toun an municipality in Oaxaca in sooth-wastren Mexico
Matehuala

**Matehuala** is the fowert-lairgest ceety in the Mexican state o San Luis Potosí. It is locatit at aroond , at an elevation o aboot 1,500&nbsp;m. Matehuala is the municipal seat o the municipality o the same name an aw, locatit in the northren pairt o the state, on the border wi the soothwastren corner o Nuevo León. The ceety o Matehuala haed a 2005 census population o 70,150, while its municipality's population wis 82,726. The municipality haes an aurie o .

## Notable fowk
*Juan José Ortega - film director an producer (1904–1996)

## References
*Link to tables of population data from Census of 2005  INEGI: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática
*San Luis Potosí  Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México

## Freemit airtins
*Gobierno Municipal de Matehuala  Official website
*www.portalmatehuala.com 
*www.matehuala.com.mx 
*Pagina Oficial de la Delegación D-II-86 Matehuala
Santa Lucía del Camino

**Santa Lucía del Camino** is a ceety an its surroondin municipality locatit in the central pairt o the Mexican state o Oaxaca. It lees juist 3&nbsp;km east o the state caipital ceety o Oaxaca, athin the Oaxaca metropolitan area. 
It is part of the Centro Destrict in the Valles Centrales region.

The ceety o Santa Lucía del Camino haed a 2005 census population o 42,570 an serves as the municipal seat o the municipality o Santa Lucía del Camino, which haes an aurie o 7.65&nbsp;km² (2.95 sq mi) an a population of 45,752. The anerlie ither commonty in the sma municipality is the toun o San Francisco Tutla (population 3,182). The ceety is the seivent-lairgest commonty in the state o Oaxaca in population.

As municipal seat, Santa Lucia del Camino haes govrenin jurisdiction ower the veelage o San Francisco Tutla as well as itsel.

## References
*Link to tables of population data from Census of 2005  INEGI: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática
*Oaxaca  Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México

## Freemit airtins
**Santa Lucía del Camino  Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México
Sabanilla

**Sabanilla** is a toun an ane o the 119 Municipalities o Chiapas, in soothren Mexico.

As o 2005, the municipality haed a total population o 21,156. It covers an aurie 171.4&nbsp;km².

## History
Sabanilla wis foondit in 1771 by 150 migrants frae the surroondin veelages o Moyos an Tila. They sent a letter tae the Spaingie King, Carlos III, signed bi the anerlie literate bodiy, Matheo Diaz. The priest o Moyos appruivit the foondation o the dounset.

## References

Boletin del Archivo Histórico Diocesano. Vol 6, Septiembre 1997. San Cristóbal de las Casas.
Amatán

** Amatán** is a toun an ane o the 123 Municipalities o Chiapas, in soothren Mexico.

As o 2005, the municipality haed a tot population o 18.775.  

It covers a aurie o 109.3&nbsp;km².

## References
Amatenango del Valle

** Amatenango del Valle** is a toun an ane o the 119 municipalities o Chiapas, in soothren Mexico.

As o 2005, the municipality haed a total population o 6,559, wi 3,351 in the municipal seat.  

It covers an aurie o 236&nbsp;km².

## History
The territory o the municipality wis oreeginally settled durin the Classic Period o pre-Hispanic Mesoamericae bi a group o Tzeltal settlers. Their dounset, in 1486, wis invadit bi Aztec troops unner Tiltototl. In 1528, follaein the Spaingie Conquest, an *[[encomienda]]* wis establisht in the aurie.

## References
Frontera Comalapa

**Frontera Comalapa** is a toun an ane o the 119 municipalities o Chiapas, in soothren Mexico.

As o 2005, the municipality haed a total population o 52,168. 
It covers an aurie o 717.90&nbsp;km².

## History

In Mairch 2012, authorities discovered the remains o at least 167 fowk in a cave at a ranch in Frontera Comalapa. A subsequent investigation revealed the remains date back tae the pre-Colombie era, atween 700 an 1200. Thare wur nae obvious signs o violence, an offeecials believe the cave wis previously uised as a cemetery. A number o clay wirks wur recovered an aw.

## References
Conrad Bain

**Conrad Stafford Bain** (4 Februar 1923 &ndash; 14 Januar 2013) wis an actor frae Canadae. He wis kent for his role as Phillip Drummond in *[[Diff'rent Storkes]]*.
Michael Gough

**Francis Michael Gough** (23 November 1916 &ndash; 17 Mairch 2011) wis an actor frae Ingland. He wis kent for his role as Alfred Pennyworth in *[[Batman]]*.
Pat Hingle

**Martin Patterson "Pat" Hingle** (19 Julie 1924 &ndash; 3 Januar 2009) wis an actor fae the Unitit States. He wis kent fur his role as James Gordon in *[[Batman]]*.
Siberie

**Siberie** () is an extensive geografical region, and is cried North Asie an aa. Siberie haes been heestorically pairt o Roushie syne the 17t century.
Human Development Index

The **Human Development Index** (**HDI**) is a composite statistic o life expectancy, eddication, an income indices tae rank kintras intae fower tiers o human development.

## References
2013

**2013** (MMXIII) is a common year stairtin on a Tysday.

## Events
* Februar 28 &ndash; Benedict XVI demits as pape, becomin the first tae dae sae syne Gregory XII in 1415, an the first tae dae sae voluntarily syne Celestine V in 1294.
* Mairch 13 &ndash; Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio o Argentinae is electit the 266t pape, whereupon he taks the name Francis an becomes the first Jesuit pape, the first pape frae the Americas, an the first pape frae the Soothren Hemisphere.

## See an aa

*:Category:2013 daiths

## References
Malcolm McDowell

**Malcolm McDowell** (**Malcolm John Taylor**, 1943) wis an actor. He wis known for his role as Alex DeLarge in *[[A Clockwork Orange]]*.
Daliyat al-Karmel

**Daliyat al-Karmel** ( ) is a Druze local cooncil in the Haifa Destrict o Israel, locatit aroond 20&nbsp;km sootheast o Haifa.

## History
The toun wis gien local cooncil status in 1951. Housomeivver, in 2003 it wis mergit wi nearbi Isfiya tae create Carmel Ceety. In 2008, the commonties became separate ance again.

## Tourism
The toun is famous for its colorful mercat, which is alive wi visitors aw week lang an especially on Seturdays.

## Historical steids
The shrine o Abu Ibrahim, whom the Druze consider thair prophet, is in the auldest pairt o the toun.

Close bi, is the hame o Sir Laurence Oliphant, who livit thare 120 years ago wi his wife Alice, an his secretar Naftali Herz Imber, the author o the naitional anthem o Israel, Hatikva

## Notable residents
* Majdi Halabi, Israeli missin sodger
* Ayoob Kara, current Likud MK
* Amal Nasser el-Din, umwhile Likud MK

## References

## Bibliografie

Mülinen, Egbert Friedrich von 1908, *[http://www.archive.org/details/beitrgezurkennt00mlgoog Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Karmels]* "Separateabdruck aus der Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palëstina-Vereins Band XXX (1907) Seite 117-207 und Band XXXI (1908) Seite 1-258."  ("Daliet el-kirmil": p. 242 ff. )

## Freemit airtins

*Official goisrael.com page
Basma

**Basma** (, ) is an Israeli-Arab local cooncil locatit in the Wadi Ara aurie o the Haifa Destrict. The local cooncil wis formit in 1995 throu the consolidation o the veelages o Barta'a West, Ein as-Sahala, an Muawiya; **B**a**sm**a is an acronym o the veelages' names. Accordin tae the Israel Central Bureau o Statistics, the locality haed a population o 7,900 at the end o 2005.

## Demografics
As o the census o 2008, Basma haed 7,600 residents, o whom 99.8% wur Muslim.

## See an aw
*Leet o Arab localities in Israel

## References

### Bibliografie

*Palmer, E. H. (1881): *[http://www.archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft The survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English name lists collected during the survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and explained by E.H. Palmer.]* (p.149 )
*Petersen, Andrew (2002): *[http://www.amazon.com/dp/0197270115 A Gazetteer of Buildings in Muslim Palestine: Volume I (British Academy Monographs in Archaeology)]* (p.&nbsp;223: Auncient shrine at "Muawiya." Accordin tae local tradeetion, the shrine wis biggit aboot 100 years ago. Houiver, Petersen, examining it in 1994, foond that the structur itself suggestit it wis considerably aulder, wi subsequent rebuilding in the later nineteenth century.)
Altamirano Municipality

**Altamirano** (umwhile, **San Carlos**, **Villa Enríquez**, an **Enríquez**) is a municipality in the Mexican state o Chiapas. The municipality, coverin an aurie o 1120 km2, haes a population o 21,948.

Its municipal seat is the toun o Altamirano, Chiapas (population 6,155).

## History
In 1806, the population o San Antonio an San Vicente appleed tae the parish o Ocosingo, for the funds tae big a new toun an electit a place near Nacashlan, some 30&nbsp;km sooth o Comitán, near the Tzaconejá River. In 1814, a visitor Manuel Gómez, foondit a new dounset cried Ashlumal intae which mony indigenous faimilies muivit intae an the aurie became kent as San Carlos.

In 1848 bi naitional decree, Comitán establisht a centre o commercialisation in San Carlos an reclaimit laund frae salt mairsk alang the river for exploitation. Mony faimilies wur displacit tae cultivate laund in ranches which wur biggit in the aurie tae ferm the laund. Ane notable ranch wis cried "La Laguna".

In 1881 the toun o New Nacaxlán, appeared on the auld property San Carlos. On November 6, 1911, the toun came tae belang tae the Depairtment o Chilón. On 16 Januar 1933, bi disposition o govrenor Victorico R. Grajales, the toun o San Carlos wis promotit tae the category o a toun wi the name o Villa Enríquez, in honour o the govrenor Raymundo Enríquez. Housomeivver, suin efter on 25 Januar 1935, the same Govrenor chynged the name again tae that which it is the day; Villa Altamirano in tribute tae poet Ignacio Manuel Altamirano. On 20 Julie 1942, bi disposition o the govrenor Rafael Pascacio Gamboa, the toun an surroondin aurie became an offeecial seicont cless municipality o Chiapas. In 1994, Altamirano wis ane o the touns occupee'd bi the Zapatista Airmy o Naitional Leeberation.

## Geografie
The municipality is locatit in central-east Chiapas an covers an aurie o 1120 square kilometres. It lees at an average altitude o 1,254 metres abuin sea level. The coordinates o the municipality are 16° 44' 08* N an 92° 02' 18* E. The municipality is locatit athin the economic region o II Altos, represtnatin 29.7% o the laund aurie. Altamirano borders Ocosingo tae the north, Las Margaritas tae the sooth, an Chanal an Oxchuc tae the wast. Rivers in the municipality include the Tzaconejá River, Mendoza River, Soledad River an the streams Las Canoitas, Poza del Padre, Disciplina an feenally the El Triunfo Lake.

The climate is semi humid wi rain aw year roond, wi an average annual temperate o 20&nbsp;°C an average precipitation at 1,100 millimetres.

### Main touns an veelages
The main touns an veelages an populations  

## Releegion
48.03% o the population is Roman Catholic, 21.27% Protestant, 24.02% Evangelical an 4.58% atheist.

## References

## Freemit airtins
*Altamirano municipal govrenment site
Ignacio Manuel Altamirano

**Ignacio Manuel Altamirano Basilio** (1834 – 13 Februar 1893) wis a Mexican writer, jurnalist, teacher an politeecian.

Altamirano wis born in Tixtla, Guerrero, o pur indigenous Nahua heritage. His faither wis the mayor o Tixtla, this alloued Ignacio tae attend schuil thare. He later studiet in Toluca thanks to a scholarship that wis grantit him bi Ignacio Ramírez, o whom he wis a disciple. He foondit several newspapers an magazines includin *El Correo de México* ("The Mexico Post"), *El Renacimiento* ("The Renaissance"), *El Federalista* ("The Federalist"), *La Tribuna* ("The Tribune") an *La República* ("The Republic").

Altamirano wis preses o the Sociedad Mexicana de Geografía y Estadística (Mexican Society for Geografie an Statistics) frae 1881 tae 1889. He wis public prosecutor, magistrate an preses o the Supreme Court an aw, as well as senior officer o the Meenistry o Public Wirks an the Economy.

Altamirano wrote several beuks which haed considerable success in his time; amang them wur:
**Clemencia* (*Clemencia*) (1869) - considered the first modren Mexican novel
**La Navidad en las montaña*s (*Christmas in the mountains*) (1871)
**Antonia* (1872)
**Beatriz* (1873)
**Cuentos de invierno* (1880)
**Rimas* (1880)
**El Zarco* (written 1885–1889, published 1901)

His leeterary wirk portrays the Mexican society o the time. He dee'd in San Remo, Italy, in 1893.

## References
*Auto-translated Bio at mexicodesconocido.com.mx ("Unknown Mexico" website)

## Freemit airtins
* 
* The audiobook *Clemencia* can be downloaded from Leer Escuchando
Fureidis

**Fureidis** (an aa **Freidis**) is an Israeli Arab toun in the Haifa Destrict o Israel. It receivit local cooncil status in 1952.

## History
Fureidis wis established in the 19t century. The name is believit tae come frae the Arabic (*firdawis*), meanin little Gairden o Eden, borraeed frae the Persie *[[pairadise]]*. In 1859, the Inglis consul Rogers estimatit the population tae be 200, who cultivatit 18 feddans o laund. Bi 1880s, The Survey o Western Palestine describit the place as a veelage o mud an stane at the fuit o the hill, wi a well tae the sooth. Fureidis is ane o the few Arab veelages on Israel’s coast left intact efter the 1948 war.

## Demografics
As o the census o 2008, Fureidis haed 10,800 residents, o which 99.6% wur Muslim.

## Education
Accordin tae data released bi the Israeli Meenistry o Education based on a 2008 census o heich schuil matriculation scores, Fureidis haed a 75.85% eligibility rate, greatly exceedin the accomplishments o maist Jewish touns. The naitional eligibility rate in 2008-2009 wis 44.4 percent o aw 17-year-aulds. Fureidis wan third place in the naitional rankin. Hossni Abu Dahash, the toun's heich schuil principal, said the schuil haed organisit a marathon study program tae prepare 12t graders for thair matriculation exam.

## Airchaeological findins

In Dizember 1999, a cave abuin the auld pairt o Fureidis on the wastren slope o the Carmel wis foond tae contain fragments o pig frae the Chalcolithic period, includin lairge bynes, jaurs, ossuar fragments an a fauch pink limestane pendant. It appears tae hae been uised as a dwellin an a buirial cave. The airtifacts in the cave attest tae the presence o a dounset frae the pre-Ghassulian period.

## Peace activism
Ibtisam Mahammed o Fureidis wis awairdit the Dalai Lama's Unsung Heroes o Compassion prize for her efforts tae promote peace atween Arabs an Jews. For mony year, Mahammed haes been organisin Jewish an Arab weemen's circles tae promote dialogue. She heids several weemen's peace organisations an haes focht on behauf o battered weemen in Arab society.

## See an aw
*Leet o Arab localities in Israel

## References
 

## External sources
*''Fureidis, Paradise Lost," a documentary by Ebtisam Mara’ana'' 
*Interview with Fureidis social activist Ibtisam Mahmid 

## Bibliografie

*Conder, Claude Reignier  and H.H. Kitchener  (1881):  *[http://www.archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp02conduoft The Survey of Western Palestine: memoirs of the topography, orography, hydrography, and archaeology].* Lunnon:Committee o the Palestine Exploration Fund. **vol 2**   (p.41) 
*Guérin, M. V.: (1875): *[http://www.archive.org/details/descriptiongogr04gugoog Description Géographique, Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine. Samarie]*, 2 pt. ("Seconde partie -Samarie")("Tome II") (p. 305)
*Benny Morris (1994): "*[[1948 and after; Israel and the Palestinians|1948 and After.]]"* ISBN 0-19-827929-9. (Chapter 8, p.&nbsp;257-289: The Case o Abu Ghosh and Beit Naqquba, Al Fureidis and Jisr Zarka in 1948 -or Why Four Villages Remained.)
Rekhasim

**Rekhasim** () is a toun (local cooncil) in the Haifa Destrict o Israel. It is locatit atween Kiryat Tiv'on, Kiryat Ata an Nesher, next tae roads 70, 75 an 762.

Its estimatit population at the end o 2009 wis 9,200, an its jurisdiction wis 2,859 dunams (~2.9&nbsp;km2). It is rankit law (2 oot o 10) on the Israeli socio-economic scale.

## History an name
It wis namit efter a verse in the Beuk o Isaiah (Isaiah 40:4), acause the toun is locatit on 4 hill ranges. It wis foondit in 1951 bi released sodgers an residents o nearbi *[[ma'abarot]]*.

## Geografie
Rekhasim lees on fower hills near Munt Carmel, labelled wi Ebreu letters (Hill Alef, Bet, Gimel an Dalet). It borders twa veelages in the Zvulun Regional Cooncil: the Jewish Kfar Hasidim an Arab Ibtin.

Its lawest elevation is anerlie  abuin sea level, while the heichest is at . The average temperatur in Januar is , an  in August. The average annual precipitation is .

## References
Katzir-Harish

**Katzir-Harish** () is a toun (local cooncil) in the Haifa Destrict o Israel. It is an agglomeration o the veelages Katzir, Harish an Mitzpe Ilan, near Umm al-Fahm in the Wadi Ara region. At the end o 2006, the toun's population wis 3,900. Its jurisdiction is 9,736 dunams.

## History
Harish wis foondit bi Nahal in 1982 an convertit intae a kibbutz in 1985. Katzir wis foondit bi the Fermers Union o Israel. The veelages wur mergit in 1993. The maister plan o Harish wis prepared bi the airchitectur firm Mansfeld-Kehat Architects. The plan caws for the expansion o Harish tae Heich-gate 65 in the north, an Baqa-Jatt in the sooth.

Initially Harish wis enveesioned as a Haredi ceety afferin law-cost hoosin tae this sector. In 2012, a secular buyers group organized tae bid on lots zoned for 400 housing units thare.

## References
Ma'ale Iron

**Ma'ale Iron** (, *lit.* Iron Heights) is an Israeli-Arab local cooncil in Israel's Haifa Destrict an is a pairt o the Wadi Ara region adjacent ae the Triangle. The toun consists o the five Arab veelages o Baiada, Musmus, Salim, Musheirifa an Zalafa. The veelages wur joined thegither in 1996 bi the Interior Meenistry o Israel tae form the local cooncil. Accordin tae the Israeli Central Bureau o Statistics, Ma'ale Iron haed a population o 12,800 indwallers in 2009, maistly Muslims.

## See an aw
*Leet o Arab localities in Israel

## References
Isfiya

**Isfiya** (), kent as **Ussefiya** an aw, is a Druze veelage an local cooncil in northren Israel. Locatit on Munt Carmel, it is pairt o Haifa Destrict. In 2009 it haed a population o 25,400. In 2003, the local council wis mergit wi nearbi Daliyat al-Karmel tae form Carmel Ceety. Housomeivver, the new ceety wis dissolvit in 2008 an the twa veelages resumit thair unthirlt status.

## History
Isfiya wis biggit on the ruins o a Byzantine dounset. Crusader remnants hae been foond in the veelage. In 1930, remains o a 5t century Jewish toun, Husifah, wur unyirdit in Isfiya. Amang the fynds are a synagogue wi a mosaic floor bearin Jewish seembols an the inscription "Peace upon Israel." A cache o 4,500 gowd coins wur foond datin frae the Roman period.

Isfiya wis mentioned as pairt o the domain o the Sultan durin the hudna atween the Crusaders based in Acre an the Mamluk sultan al-Mansur (Qalawun) declared in 1283.

The modren veelage wis foondit in the early aichteent century. The indwallers made thair livin frae olive ile, honey an grapes.

At the time o the 1931 census o Palestine, Isfiya haed 251 occupeed hooses an a population o 742 Druzes, 187 Christians, an 176 Muslims.  Thir coonts includit the smawer localities Damun Farm, Shallala Farm an El Jalama.

Durin the Breetish Mandate for Palestine, the veelagers initially supportit the Arab Abu
Durra gang. Housomeivver, efter local leaders wur abductit an murthert, the notables turned tae the Breetish, who destroyed the gang. A Druze sel-defence force wis established that
receivit airms frae the Breetish an whiles coordinatit its activities wi local Jewish forces.

Tho predominantly Druze, a nummer o Jews live in Isfiya an ither Druze veelages due tae thair law rent rates.

## Landmarks
The tomb o Abu Abdallah is locatit in Isfiya.  Abu Abdullah wis ane o three releegious leaders chosen bi Caliph Al-Hakem in 996 CE tae proclaim the Druze faith. He is said tae hae been the first Druze releegious judge (qadi). The Druze mak an annual veesit tae this shrine on November 15.

## Notable residents
* Reda Mansour

## References
San Andrés Solaga

**San Andrés Solaga** is a toun an municipality in Oaxaca in sooth-wastren Mexico. The municipality covers an aurie o 38.27&nbsp;km². 
It is pairt o the Villa Alta Destrict in the centre o the Sierra Norte Region.

As o 2005, the municipality haed a tot population o 1699.

## References
Kiryat Tiv'on

**Kiryat Tiv'on** (, an aw **Qiryat Tiv'on**) is a toun in the Haifa Destrict o Israel, in the hills atween the Zvulun an Jezreel valleys. Kiryat Tiv'on is situated  sootheast o Haifa, on the main road tae Nazareth. On the ootskirts o Tiv'on is a Bedouin tounship cried Basmat Tab'un. Kiryat Tivon haes a population o 16,000.

## History
 
Kiryat Tiv'on wis established in 1958, mergin three smawer dounsets: *Tiv'on* (foondit in 1947), *Kiryat Amal* (foondit in 1937) an *Elro'i* (foondit in 1935). Kiryat Haroshet, foondit bi a rabbi frae Jablona, Poland who settled thare wi his follaeers in 1935, became pairt o Kiryat Tiv'on in 1979.

Tiv'on wis biggit on laund awned bi a Breetish Jewish couple who bocht the laund in early 1945. It wis later developit bi the Jewish National Fund based on an urban plan drawn up bi Alexander Klein, a Roushie Jewish airchitect who wis commissioned bi the Jewish National Fund.

The seembol o Kiryat Tiv'on is the cyclamen, a flouer that grows atween the rocks, reflectin the toun's appreciation o natur an its efforts tae preserve the landscape an safeguard the environment.

## Landmarks
The toun is best kent for the naitional pairk, Beit She'arim, which borders it on the soothwast. Beit Shearim wis an important Jewish spiritual centre an necropolis durin the Roman period, an wis ance the seat o the Sanhedrin.

## Education
Institutions o heicher learnin in Kiryat Tivon include Oranim Academic College an Galilee College. The Ramat Hadassah youth veelage is locatit on the ootskirts o Kiryat Tivon.

Galilee College, establisht in 1987, haes internaitional students frae 140 kintras, maistly in the developin warld. It affers management an trainin courses for Palestinian offeecials an institutions an aw. Some 1,200 pairticipants frae mair nor 90 Palestinian govrenmental an nan-govrenmental offices hae attendit programs at the college an aw.

## Twin ceeties
*  Braunschweig
*  Compiègne
*  Čakovec

## References

## See an aw
* Alexander Zaid
## Freemit airtins
* New version of old self-defense group guards Jewish farmlands
Sangam-dong

**Sangam-dong** is a legal *[[dong (neebourheid)|dong]]*, neebourheid o the Mapo-gu detrict in Seoul, Sooth Korea.

## Attractions
*Nanjido (난지도 蘭芝島)
*Worldcup Park (월드컵공원)
**Millennium Park (밀레니엄공원)
**Sky Park (하늘공원)
**Pyeonghwa Park (평화공원 平和公園)
**Noeul Park (노을공원)
**Nanjicheon Park (난지천공원)
**Hangang Citizens' Nanji Park (한강시민난지공원)
*Korean Film Archive (한국영상자료원)
**Korean Film Museum (한국 영화 박물관)
**Cinematheque KOFA (시네마테크 KOFA)
**Korean Film Referential Librar (영상 자료실)

* The CJ E&M Center Studio locatit in Sangam-dong is the broadcast an recording centre o mony Mnet programmes wi a studio audience, namely the live weekly muisic show *[[M! Countdown]]*.

## See an aw
*Admeenistrative diveesions o Sooth Korea

## References

*
*

## Freemit airtins
* Mapo-gu official website in English 
* Map of Mapo-gu  at the Mapo-gu official website
* Sky Park at Official Seoul City Tourism 
* Map of Mapo-gu  at the Mapo-gu official website
* Sangam-dong resident office website 
* Sangam-dong map
Jisr az-Zarqa

**Jisr az-Zarqa** (,  lit. *brig ower the blue*) is an Israeli Arab toun on Israel's northren Mediterranean coastal plain. Locatit juist north o Caesarea athin the Haifa Destrict, it achievit local cooncil status in 1963. Accordin tae the Central Bureau o Statistics (CBS) the toun haed a population o 11,100 residents at the end o 2005. the name Jisr az-Zarqa is a reference tae Taninim Stream, which is kent in Arabic as the "Blue Stream." The mayor is Az-Adin Amash.

## History
Jisr az-Zarqa is the anerlie Arab toun in Israel locatit on the coast o the Mediterranean Sea (tho coastal touns such as Acre, Haifa, an Jaffa hae significant Arab populations). Ither Arab touns alang the coast wur depopulatit durin the 1948 Arab-Israeli War in Israeli militar affensives. Housomeivver, the intervention o Jews frae the neeborin touns o Zikhron Ya'akov an Binyamina, who relied on the population o Jisr az-Zarqa an nearbi Fureidis for agricultural labor, preventit the Israeli authorities frae dispersin the Arab population o the twa touns.

In November 2002, the Caesarea Development Corporation constructit a lairge yirden embankment runnin the lenth o the 160 meter-wide corridor atween the veelage an neeboring Caesarea. The embankment wis biggit tae block oot noise frae the muezzin an celebratory gunfire, and crack doun on frequent property thefts. Residents o Jisr az-Zarqa claim that the naitional pairk in the north, the embankment tae the sooth, the heich-gate tae the east an the sea tae the wast, are keepin the toun frae expandin.

The municipality o Jisr al Zarka is seekin tae promote environmental tourism tae the toun an its beachfront.

## Demografics
The indwallers o Jisr az-Zarqa are primarily Muslim. Thare hae been unverifeed reports o the existence o a sma commonty o idol worshipers or polytheists an aw, who are the stryndants o the auncient Canaanite an Philistine naitions. The toun haes the lawest average monthly wage o ony locality in Israel at 3,800 New Israeli Sheqel (NIS), or a little ower 1,100 USD. Accordin the Israel Central Bureau o Statistics, Jisr az-Zarqa haes the heichest heich schuil drop oot rates in the kintra at 12% an aw.

A wumman frae the toun, Mariam Amash, applee'd for a new identity caird in Hadera in Februar 2008, uisin a birth document issued bi the Ottoman Empire that said she wis born in 1888. If verifee'd bi the *Guinness Beuk o Warld Records*, this wad hae made her the auldest livin body in the warld at 120.  Mariam passed awa on 22 Dizember 2012 at the age o 124.

In 1998, the first multiple neer transplant in Israel teuk place atween a couple frae the veelage an a Jewish couple frae Jerusalem.

## See also
*List of Arab localities in Israel

## References

## Further readin

*Benny Morris (1994): "*[[1948 and after; Israel and the Palestinians]]"* ISBN 0-19-827929-9. (Chapter 8, p. 257-289: The Case of Abu Ghosh and Beit Naqquba, Al Fureidis and Jisr Zarka in 1948 -or Why Four Villages Remained.)
*Kareem Sa‘id (2009): Jisr ez-Zarqa Final Report  *Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel*, No. 121
Lukhsky Destrict

**Lukhsky Destrict** () is an admeenistrative an municipal destrict (raion), ane o the twinty-ane in  Ivanovo Oblast, Roushie. It is locatit in the east o the oblast. The aurie o the destrict is . Its admeenistrative centre is the urban locality (a dounset) o Lukh. Population:  10,014 (2002 Census);  The population o Lukh accoonts for 32.6% o the destrict's tot population.

## References
### Notes

### Sources
*
*
Privolzhsky Destrict, Ivanovo Oblast

**Privolzhsky Destrict** () is an admeenistrative an municipal destrict (raion), ane o the twinty-ane in Ivanovo Oblast, Roushie. It is located in the north of the oblast. The aurie o the destrict is . Its admeenistrative centre is the toun o Privolzhsk. Population:  28,730 (2002 Census);  The population o Privolzhsk accoonts for 63.6% o the destrict's total population.

## Admeenistrative an municipal status
The toun o Privolzhsk serves as the admeenistrative centre o the destrict. Prior tae the adoption o the Law #145-OZ *On the Admeenistrative-Territorial Diveesion o Ivanovo Oblast* in Dizember 2010, it wis admeenistratively incorporatit separately frae the destrict. Municipally, Privolzhsk is incorporatit athin Privolzhsky Municipal Destrict as Privolzhskoye Urban Dounset.

The toun o Plyos wis admeenistratively incorporatit separately frae the destrict prior tae the adoption o the Law #145-OZ an aw. Municipally, Plyos is incorporatit athin Privolzhsky Municipal Destrict as Plyosskoye Urban Dounset.

## References
### Notes

### Sources
*
*

__NOTOC__
Privolzhsky Destrict

**Privolzhsky Destrict** is the name o several various destricts in Roushie. The name leeterally means "something near the Volga".

## Federal destricts
*Volga Federal Destrict (*Privolzhsky federalny okrug*), a federal destrict

## Destricts o the federal subjects
*Privolzhsky Destrict, Astrakhan Oblast, a admeenistrative an municipal destrict o Astrakhan Oblast
*Privolzhsky Destrict, Ivanovo Oblast, a admeenistrative an municipal destrict o Ivanovo Oblast
*Privolzhsky Destrict, Samara Oblast, a admeenistrative an municipal destrict o Samara Oblast

## Ceety diveesions
*Privolzhsky Ceety Destrict, a ceety destrict o Kazan, the caipital o the Republic o Tatarstan

## See an aw
*Privolzhsky
*Privolzhsk, a toun in Ivanovo Oblast
*Volzhsky
*Zavolzhsky
*Volga (disambiguation)

## References
Kafr Qara

**Kafr Qara** or **Kafr Qari** (, ) is an Israeli-Arab toun  sootheast o Haifa, Israel. In 2009, the population wis 15,300.
## History
Kfar Qara wis founded about 350 years ago. The wird Qara in Arabic means pumpkin, which is the main crop for the community, hence the name Kfar Qara which means the village of the Pumpkin.  Kafr Qara is part o the Triangle. It is located in the Wadi Ara region,  northwest o the Green Line. The majority of the residents are Muslim. It is governed by a local council. A sma percentage o the toun's laund wis expropriatit bi the local authorities an Israeli govrenment for public an militar uise. Kafr Qara is ane o the walthier touns in the Triangle.

## Education

In September 2003, a group o local parents foondit a bilingual, multicultural elementar schuil in Kafr Qara, namit Hand in Hand – Bridge over the Wadi, or "Brig ower the Wadi". Kafr Qara heich schuil, established in 1970 as a vocational schuil, is nou a comprehensive heich schuil for 10t–12t graders frae Kafr Qara an environs. The schuil haes pairticipatit in multicultural projects such as *Jitli*, an affers a joint leadership program for Arab an Jewish teenagers.

## Notable residents
*Nawaf Massalha, first Muslim tae serve on the Israeli cabinet
*Jamal Zahalka, Arab member o Knesset, Balad chairman

## See an aw
*Leet o Arab localities in Israel

## References
Zikhron Ya'akov

**Zikhron Ya'akov** (, *lit.* "Jacob's Memorial"; aften shortened tae juist *Zikhron*) is a toun in Israel,  sooth o Haifa, an pairt o the Haifa Destrict. It is locatit at the soothren end o the Carmel muntain range overlooking the Mediterranean Sea, near the coastal heich-gate (Heich-gate 2). It wis ane o the first Jewish dounsets o Halutzim in the kintra, foondit in 1882 bi Baron Edmond James de Rothschild an namit in honour o his faither.

## See an aw
* Israeli wine

## References

## Freemit airtins

* History of Zikhron Ya'aqov
*Places To Visit in Zikhron Ya'akov  
* Photos of Restoration of Historic Zikhron Ya'aqov Project
* Photo gallery by Benny Rochwerger
Teykovsky Destrict

**Teykovsky Destrict** () is an admeenistrative an municipal destrict (raion), ane o the twinty-ane in Ivanovo Oblast, Roushie. It is locatit in the soothwast o the oblast. The aurie o the destrict is . Its admeenistrative centre is the toun o Teykovo (which is no admeenistratively a pairt o the destrict). Population:  14,418 (2002 Census); 

## Admeenistrative an municipal status
The toun o Teykovo serves as the admeenistrative centre o the destrict, awtho it is no admeenistratively a pairt o it an is incorporatit separately. Municipally, Teykovo is separate frae the destrict an aw an is incorporatit as Teykovo Urban Okrug.

## References
### Notes

### Sources
*
*
*

__NOTOC__
Ilyinsky Destrict

**Ilyinsky Destrict** is the name o several admeenistrative an municipal destricts in Roushie:
*Ilyinsky Destrict, Ivanovo Oblast, an admeenistrative an municipal destrict o Ivanovo Oblast
*Ilyinsky Destrict, Perm Krai, an admeenistrative an municipal destrict o Perm Krai

## See an aw
*Ilyinsky (disambiguation)

## References
Weston, Texas

**Weston** is a ceety in Collin Coonty, Texas, Unitit States. The population wis 635 at the 2000 census.

## Geografie
Accordin tae the Unitit States Census Bureau, the ceety haes a tot aurie o , aw o it laund.

## Demografics
As o the census o 2000, thare wur 635 fowk, 235 hoosehaulds, an 204 faimilies residin in the ceety. The population densitie wis 136.9 fowk per square mile (52.8/km2). Thare wur 249 hoosin units at an average densitie o 53.7/sq&nbsp;mi (20.7/km2). The racial makup o the ceety wis 97.17% White, 0.16% African American, 0.31% Asie, 2.05% frae ither races, an 0.31% frae twa or mair races. Hispanic or Latino o ony race wur 4.41% o the population.

Thare wur 235 hoosehaulds oot o which 32.8% haed childern unner the age o 18 livin wi thaim, 79.1% wur marriet couples livin thegither, 6.0% haed a female hoosehaulder wi nae husband present, an 12.8% wur nan-faimilies. 11.5% o aw hoosehaulds wur made up o individuals an 3.4% haed someane livin alane who wis 65 years o age or aulder. The average hoosehauld size wis 2.70 an the average faimily size wis 2.92.

In the ceety the population wis spread oot wi 23.8% unner the age o 18, 7.7% frae 18 tae 24, 29.0% frae 25 tae 44, 29.8% frae 45 tae 64, an 9.8% who wur 65 years o age or aulder. The median age wis 40 years. For ivery 100 females thare wur 102.9 males. For ivery 100 females age 18 an ower, thare wur 100.8 males.

The median income for a hoosehauld in the ceety wis $56,528, an the median income for a faimily wis $59,375. Males haed a median income o $44,107 versus $27,083 for females. The per caipita income for the ceety wis $25,440. Aboot 2.3% o faimilies an 3.8% o the population war belaw the poverty line, includin 4.1% o those unner age 18 an 2.7% o those age 65 or ower.

## Education
Weston is servit bi three schuil destricts - Anna ISD, Celina ISD, an McKinney ISD.

## References
San José del Guaviare

**San José del Guaviare** is a toun an municipality in Colombie, caipital o the depairtment o Guaviare bi the Guaviare River.

## External links
* San José del Guaviare official website 
*Encyclopædia Britannica; San José del Guaviare

* Sistema de Información Ambiental Territorial de la Amazonia colombiana SIAT-AC