open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Pennsylvanie Dutch

The **Pennsylvanie Dutch** (*Pennsilfaanisch-Deitsche*), cried as the **Pennsylvanie Germans** an aw, are a cultural group makkit by early German-spikkin incomers tae Pennsylvanie an thair descendants. This aulder uissage o the wird *Dutch* refers tae the German settlers, kent as *Deutsch* (in staundart German) or *Deitsch* (in the main byleid thay spak, Palatine German); hit daesnae refer tae fowk fae the Netherlands. Maist Pennsylvanie Dutch comed in the 17t an 18t yeirhunners tae the Americaes fae the Haly Roman Empire, whilk includit auries that were later tae acome Germany, Swisserland, an Austrick. Ower time, the mony byleids spakken by these incomers fused intae a lanerly byleid o German kent as Pennsylvanish, Pennsylvanie German, or Pennsylvanie Dutch.
Pennsylvanie Dutch Inglis

**Pennsylvanie Dutch Inglis** is a byleid o the Inglis leid that haes been influenced by the Pennsylvanish leid. Hit is maistly spakken in Sooth Central Pennsylvanie, baith by fowk that spik Inglis as thair mither leid an fowk that spik Inglis an Pennsylvanish. The byleid haes been deein oot, as non-Amish younger Pennsylvanie Germans uisually spik General American Inglis. No mony non-Amish memmers cin spik the Pennsylvanish leid, awtho maist kent sum wirds an rames. Pennsylvanie Dutch Inglis haes no been widely spakken ootside o Amish an Mennonite communities syne Warld War II.
Prince Carl Oscar, Duke o Södermanland

**Prince Carl Oscar o Swaden, Duke o Södermanland**  (*Carl Oscar Vilhelm Frederik*; 14 December 1852 – 13 Mairch 1854) wis a prince o Swaden an Norawa. He wis a brither o Lovisa o Swaden, Queen o Denmark.

## Teetles an styles
***14 December 1852 - 13 Mairch 1854** *[[His Ryal Highness]]* Prince Carl Oscar Vilhelm Frederik o Swaden, Prince o Norawa, Duke o Södermanland.
Infante

**Infante** (, ; f. ***infanta***), wis a teetle gien tae legitimate issue o the king o queen o Spain an or Portugal. The teetle is stilled uised today bi the Kinrick o Spain. It is not uised in Portugal as it is now a republic biut when the Kinrick o Portugal existed the monarchy also uised the teetle an rank for legitimate descendants o the monarch. An Infante/Infanta wis enteetled tae uise the style o *[[Ryal Highness]]*.
Klaukkala

**Klaukkala**  (; , ) is a lairge village in the southern pairt o the Nurmijärvi municipality o Uusimaa, Finland, near Loch Valkjärvi. It's the lairgest o the villages in Nurmijärvi an often mistakenly thocht tae be a separate toon. In the 2010s, Klaukkala's urban aurie haes grown tae be pairt o the Helsinki urban aurie.

Klaukkala haes a population o a'maist 18,000 an is the fastest-growing area o Nurmijärvi; a'maist hauf o the tot population o the municipality bides in Klaukkala. Tis population began tae rise in the 1960s, whin it surpassed the kirk village o Nurmijärvi. In the 1970s, Klaukkala an' a' grew larger than Rajamäki, whilk 'til then wis the lairgest o Nurmijärvi's villages. At that time, Klaukkala's population wis ower 2,500. Nowadays, the population o the Klaukkala is even larger than the three toons in Uusimaa: Hanko (8,300), Karkkila (8,800) an Loviisa (14,800). Klaukkala haes significant migration mainly fae the Helsinki conurbation; bein' a rural village a half-hour's take the motor awa' fae the Helsinki centur, it especially attracts families wi' bairns. Unfortunately, due tae the enormous population growth, the village is an' a' infamous fur tis grawin traffic, whilk causes local problems at the mornings an afternoons.

A maybee aye tourism sight is modren-styled, copper-plated Klaukkala kirk, designed by architect Anssi Lassila, in the auld center o Klaukkala. Mikko Heikka, a bishop o the evangelic lutheran kirk, dedicated it oan November 28, 2004. The village an' a' haes a wooden orthodox kirk o Saint Nectarios o Aegina, bult` in 1995. Afore baith churches, thare wis ainlie a parish centur in Klaukkala, completed in 1973, whilk is located in the immediate vicinity o the current church.

The name o Klaukkala in Finnish is based oan the name o the hoose, whilk in caw includes the name o the earlie host o the hoose, a variant o the name o Nikolaus, as weel as Klaus, Klavus an Klåvus in Swedish. The name o the hoose is originally Finnish an tis host is cried "Klaukka". The names o the village used in history include Klöckeskoogh in 1527, Klockskoby in 1540, Klöckeskoby in 1544, Klauko in 1710 an Klaukala Hemmi in 1835. The name Klaukkala wis officially established in 1866. In the present-day Swedish name, Klövskog, the prefix "klöv" means hoof an the suffix "skog" means forest.

## References

## Freemit airtins

*Klaukkala – Offeecial steid o Nurmijärvi municipality
Palacio de Orleans-Borbón

The **Palacio de Orleans-Borbón** is a pailace near the ceety o Cadiz, in Spain. It was constructit atween 1853 an 1870 as a summer residence for Prince Antoine, Duke o Montpensier an his wife Infanta Luisa Fernanda o Spain (sister o  Queen Isabel II o Spain)
Garda Síochána

(; meanin "the Gairdian o the Peace"), mair commonly referred to as the **Gardaí** ( "Gairdians") or "**the Gairds**", is the polis service o the Republic o Ireland. The service is heidit by the Garda Commissioner thit is appyntit by the Erse Govrenment. Its heidquarters are in Dublin's Phoenix Park.

## Soorces
Louise o the Netherlands

**Princess Louise o the Netherlands**  (*Wilhelmina Frederika Alexandrine Anna Louise*; 5 August 1828 – 30 Mairch 1871) wis a Queen consort o Swaden an Norawa as the wife o Charles XV o Swaden.

## Issue

#Princess Lovisa o Sawden (31 October 1851 – 20 Mairch 1926) mairit Keeng Frederick VIII o Denmark an haed issue.
#Prince Carl Oscar, Duke o Södermanland (14 December 1852 – 13 Mairch 1854), who died in infancy.
Mary, Croun Princess o Denmark

**Queen Mary o Denmark**, (Mary Elizabeth; née Donaldson; born 5 Februar 1972) is the Australie-born consort o King Frederik X o Denmark, wha assumed the throne when his mither, Queen Margrethe II o Denmark, abdicatit on 14 Januar 2024. 
She is o Scots strynd an the first Australie-born ryal consort.

## Issue

#Prince Christian o Denmark, Coont o Monpezat (born 15 October 2005)
#Princess Isabella o Denmark, Coontess o Monpezat (born 21 April 2007)
#Prince Vincent o Denmark, Coont o Monpezat (born 8 Januar 2011)
#Princess Josephine o Denmark, Coontess o Monpezat (born 8 Januar 2011)

## Teetles an styles

***5 Februar 1972 – 14 Mey 2004** *Miss* Mary Elizabeth Donaldson.
***14 Mey 2004 – 29 Aprile 2008** *[[Her Ryal Highness]]* The Croun Princess o Denmark.
***29 Aprile 2008 – present** *Her Ryal Highness* The Croun Princess o Denmark, Coontess o Monpezat.
Charles de Rohan, Prince o Guéméné (1655–1727)

**Charles de Rohan, Prince o Guéméné**  (30 September 1655 – 10 October 1727) wis the Prince o Guéméné an a member o the Hoose o Rohan. 

## Issue
#Charlotte de Rohan (20 December 1680 &ndash; 20 September 1733) neviver mairit.
#François Armand de Rohan, Prince o Montbazon (4 December 1682 &ndash; 26 Juin 1717) mairit Louise Julie de La Tour d'Auvergne an haed issue.
#Hercule Mériadec de Rohan, Prince o Guéméné (13 November 1688 &ndash; 21 December 1757) mairit Louise Gabrielle Julie de Rohan an haed issue.
#Charles de Rohan, Prince o Rochefort (7 August 1693 &ndash; 25 Februar 1766) mairut Eléonore Eugénie de Béthisy an haed issue.
#Armand Jules de Rohan (10 Februar 1695 &ndash; 28 August 1762) Archbishop-Duke o Reims, but haed nae issue.
#''Louis'' César ''Constantin'' de Rohan (24 March 1697 &ndash; 11 Mairch 1779) haed nae issue.
Paolo Giordano Orsini, Duke o Bracciano

**Paolo Giordano Orsini, Duke o Bracciano** (1541 – 13 November 1585) wis an Italian nobleman, an the first duke o Bracciano frae 1560. He wis a member o the Hoose o Orsini.

## Mairiage

On 3 September 1558 he mairit Isabella de' Medici.

## Issue

# Eleonora Orsini (1571 – 1634) mairit Alessandro Sforza di Santa Fiora, Duke o Segni. 
# Virginio Orsini, Duke o Bracciano (September 1572 – 9 September 1615) mairit Flavia Peretti, a niece o Pape Sixtus V an haed issue.
Jagiellonia Białystok

**Jagiellonia Białystok** () is a Pols fitbaw club based in Białystok that plays in the Ekstraklasa, the tap level o Pols fitbaw.

## References
Henrik, Prince Consort o Denmark

**Henrik, Prince Consort o Denmark** (*Henri Marie Jean André*; 11 Juin 1934 – 13 Februar 2018) wis the husband o Queen Margrethe II o Denmark.

## Issue

#Frederik, Croun Prince o Denmark (born 26 Mey 1968) mairit Mary Donaldson an haed issue.
#Prince Joachim o Denmark born 7 Juin 1969) mairit twice an haed issue.

## Teetles an styles

***11 Juin 1934 – 10 Juin 1967** Coont Henri de Laborde de Monpezat. 
*10**Juin 1967 – 2005** *[[His Ryal Highness]]* Prince Henrik o Denmark.
***2005 – 14 Aprile 2016** *His Ryal Highness* The Prince Consort o Denmark.
***14 Aprile 2016 – 13 Februar 2018** *His Ryal Highness* Prince Henrik o Denmark.
Prince Frederik o the Netherlands

**Prince Frederik o the Netherlands** (*Willem Frederik Karel*; 28 Februar 1797 – 8 September 1881) wis a son o William I o the Netherlands an faither-in-law o Keeng Charles XV o Swaden.

## Marriage
Prince Frederik  mairit In Berlin on 21 Mey 1825 he mairit Princess Luise o Proushie, dochter o Frederick William III o Proushie. 

## Issue
# Princess Louise o the Netherlands (5 August 1828 in  – 30 Mairch 1871), mairit Charles XV o Swaden an haed issue. 
# Willem o the Netherlands (6 Julie 1833  – 1 November 1834)
# Prince Frederik o the Netherlands (22 August 1836 – 23 Januar 1846)
# Princess Marie o the Netherlands (5 Julie 1841 – 22 Juin 1910) mairit William, Prince o Wied an haed issue.

## Teetles and Styles
***28 Februar 1797 – 8 September 1881** *[[His Ryal Highness]]* Prince Frederik o the Netherlands, Prince o Orange-Nassau.
Leet o current Unitit States senators

The Unitit States Senate consists o 100 members, twa frae ilk o the 50 states. Ablo is a leet o U.S. senators in the 117t Unitit States Congress.

## Pairty affiliation

## Leet o senators

## Notes

## References
Alexander Pope

**Alexander Pope** (21 Mey 1688 – 30 Mey 1744) wis an Inglis poet. He is regairdit as ane o the greatest Inglis poets, an the foremaist poet o the early aichteent century.

Pope is best kent for his sateerical an discursive poetry, includin *[[An Essay on Criticism]]* (1711), *[[The Rape of the Lock]]* (1712) an *[[The Dunciad]]* (1728/1743), as weel as for his translation o *Iliad* an *Odyssey* bi Homer with William Broome an Elijah Fenton. Efter William Shakespeare, Pope is the seicont-maist quotit writer in the Inglis leid, as per *[[The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations]]*. He is conseedert a master o the heroic couplet.

Pope was a smaa man o 4 fit 6 inches, caused bi tuberculosis.

The muins o Uranus are named efter chairacters frae Pope's poetry an frae William Shakespeare's plays.

## See forby

* Jonathan Swift

## References
Kölsch dialect

The **Colognes byleid** (German: *Kölsch* [kʰœlʃ], Colognes: *Kölsch* [kœɫːɕ]) is a Wast Central German leid fae the Ripuarian kin ae byleids, thit's tawkit in the ceitie ae Cologne. The name "Kölsch" is yaist fause bi a puckle ae Germans tae ettle ony Ripuarian byleid, fur the yins that arnae tawkit in Cologne an aw, fur thit the name "Ripuarian" isnae kent bi maist Germans, an fur thit nu Kölsch is the muckle maist Ripuarian byleid. Awbesit the Kölsch leid disnae come fae Staundart German, an it's no eith tae jaloose Kölsch gin thit ye ainly ken German, fur thit it's tawkit in Germanie, thay'r cawin it a German byleid. Syne the radio's upmak, ainly a puckle ae fowk in Cologne tawk the fu Kölsch leid, an maist fowk tawk aither German, or the Rhine German byleid, whit is a suithfast byleid ae Staundart German wi intak fae the aulder leids in the aurie, wi them Kölsch. Yit ye hear Kölsch whan it's Carnival time but, fur thit mony singers screive sangs in it.

A puckle ae kenmerks o Kölsch (an mair general ae aw ae Ripuarian) are:

* G oft wirths tae J (thit soonds sae a Y in Scots), fur ensaumple "Geld" (monie) is "Jeld". A puckle ae fowk still screive it "G" bit.
* The endin -e eilies, an -en wirths tae -e, fur ensaumple *Gasse* (road, gate) an his plural *Gassen* are *Jass, Jasse*.
* The vouels are aw no sib wi German, special the lang yins, an ye cannae screive a eith rowle tae cover aw ae the chynges (this is fur Kölsch isnae makkit fae Staundart German).
* A puckle ae the daenwirds are mair no-raigler, fur ensaumple *maache* (mak). In German it's *machen*, an it's gaun: ich mache, du machst, er macht. (A mak, ye mak, he maks). In Kölsch hit's: ich maache, do mähs, hä mäht.
* The soonds CH sae "ich" (A) an SCH sae "Fesch" (fish) are said sib wi ilkither, an soond sae the Scots soond sh. (Whan CH maks the soond it daes in Scots wirds sae *micht*, it's stayin sae at.)

A ither kenmerk which taks mair tae redd oot is whit's cawed *Schärfung* (shairpin) in German, an whit'll be cawed the Scots wird "shairpin" fae nu an on. Hit's a kin ae tuin cant thit's foond in a puckle ae German weeleids, Colognes wi them. Een a puckle ae leenguists hink thit it gat its stairt in Cologne, an thin abreid. Shairpin can ainly chynge a lang vouel, or the consonant thit follaes a cutty yin. In maist cases, shairpin happent fae a vyced consonant follied bi a vouel. Bit in mony cases, the vouel thit follied wis "e", an sae wis said abuin, E thit ends wirds eilies, E in endins eilies an aw, fur ensaumple -s, whit wis -est in Auld German (fur ensaumple "schrîbest" (ye screive) wirths tae "schrivs" [ʃʁiˑfs], wi shairpin on the i.) This maks wirds thit wid soond alike gin thit thare wis nae shairpin, fur ensuample *kunnt* [kʊnːt] "cuid", an *Kund* [kʊnˑt] "customer". Thare's vouels thit aye hae shairpin an aw bit, sae it isnae a eith phonetic law. In maist cases, ony lang vouels thit arnae "i" an is lang in German haes shairpin an aw.

Here's a ensaumple ae somehing screivit in Kölsch, thit's a sang bi an auld singer fae Cologne thit wis cawed Willy Ostermann:

(The Ahle Kohlberg is an auld restaurant that's been open syne foriver.)
92nt Academy Awairds

The **92nt Academy Awairds** ceremony, presentit bi the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), honoured the best films o 2019 an teuk place at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood, Los Angeles, Californie.

## Winners and nominees

Winners are leetit first, heichlichtit in **bauldface**.

## References
Pailace o Buenavista

The **Pailace o Buenavista** or *Palacio de Buenavista* is an umwhile pailace in Madrid, Spain. Originally built for Airchbishops o Toledo Efter passing through various owners, Elisabeth Farnese occupies it, on the daith o her stepson Ferdinand VI o Spain, in 1759, until the end o her days in 1766. In 1796, in the will o Isabel de Farnesio, Fernando de Silva acquires it an Fernando de Silva y Álvarez de Toledo, 12t Duke o Alba. However, Buenavista separates from the assets o the Alba. In 1807, through expropriation, the Ceety Council o Madrid gives it tae the valid King Charles IV o Spain, Manuel Godoy, I Duke o Alcudia. Godoy invests in its conditioning an decoration but niver lived in the pailace. When he lost his pouer, the property wis expropriated again, returning tae the ryal hoose.
Duke o Alba

The **Duke o Alba** (officically **Duke o  Alba de Tormes** (*[[Spainish leid|Spainish]] : Duque de Alba de Tormes*) 
is a title o Spainish nobility wi the rank o Grandee o Spain. The first person tae uise the title wis García Álvarez de Toledo, 1st Duke o Alba wha haed been the Coont o Alba de Tormes. 

## Coonts o Alba de Tormes (1439–1472)
# Don Fernando Álvarez de Toledo y Sarmiento, 1st Coont o Alba
# Don García Álvarez de Toledo, 2nd Coont o Alba (creatit Duke o Alba de Tormes in 1472)

## Dukes o Alba de Tormes (1472–present)

# Don García Álvarez de Toledo y Carrillo de Toledo, 1st Duke o Alba
# Don Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo, 2nd Duke o Alba
# Don Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke o Alba kent in The Netherlands as the Iron Duke for his harsh action in the Eighty Years' War
# Don Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo, 4t Duke o Alba
# Don Antonio Álvarez de Toledo, 5t Duke o Alba
# Don Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 6t Duke o Alba
# Don Antonio Álvarez de Toledo, 7t Duke o Alba
# Don Antonio Álvarez de Toledo, 8t Duke o Alba
# Don Antonio Álvarez de Toledo, 9t Duke o Alba
# Don Francisco Álvarez de Toledo, 10t Duke o Alba
# Doña María Teresa Álvarez de Toledo, 11t Duchess of Alba
# Don Fernando de Silva, 12t Duke o Alba
# Doña María Cayetana de Silva, 13t Duchess o Alba
# Don Carlos Miguel Fitz-James Stuart y Silva, 14t Duke o Alba (see also Duke o Berwick)
# Don Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart y Ventimiglia, 15t Duke o Alba
# Don Carlos Fitz-James Stuart y Portocarrero, 16t Duke o Alba
# Don Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart y Falcó, 17t Duke o Alba
# Doña María del Rosario Cayetana Fitz-James Stuart y Silva, 18t Duchess o Alba
# Don Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 19t Duke o Alba
Airchduchess Gisella o Austrick

**Airchduchess Gisella o Austrick**  (*Gisella Louise Marie*; 12 Julie 1856 – 27 Julie 1932) was the seicont dochter an auldest surviving bairn o Franz Joseph I o Austrick an Elisabeth in Bavarie. She wis an aulder siser o Airchduchess Sophie an Rudolf, Croun Prince o Austrick. She wis baptised as ***Gisella*** but uised tae sign as ***Gisela***.

## Mairiage

On 20 Aprile 1873, she mairit Prince Leopold o Bavarie, a son o Luitpold, Prince Regent o Bavarie an Airchduchess Auguste Ferdinande o Austrick. Prince Leopold wis a brither o the future Keeng Ludwig III o Bavarie. 

## Issue

#Princess Elisabeth Marie o Bavarie (8 Januar 1874 – 4 Mairch 1957) mairit Coont Otto o Seefried an Buttenheim an haed issue.
#Princess Auguste o Bavarie  (28 Aprile 1877 – 25 Juin 1964) mairit Airchduke Joseph August o Austrick an haed issue.
#Prince Georg o Bavarie  (2 Aprile 1880 – 31 Mey 1943) mairit Airchduchess Isabella o Austrick but haed nae issue.
#Prince Konrad o Bavarie ( 22 November 1883 – 6 September 1969) mairit Princess Maria Bona o Savoy an haed issue.

## Teetles an styles

***12 Julie 1856 -  20 Aprile 1873** *[[Her Imperial an Ryal Highness]]* Airchduchess Gisella o Austrick, Princess o Bohemie, Princess o Hungary
*** 20 Aprile 1873 -  28 September 1930** *[[Her Imperial an Ryal Highness]]* Princess Gisella o Bavarie.
Turkey–Ukraine relations

**Turkis–Ukrainian relations** are foreign relations atween Turkey an Ukraine. Turkey and Ukraine hae a lang chronology o historical, geografic, an cultural contact. Diplomatic relations atween baith kintras wur established in early 1990s when Turkey acame ane o the first states in the warld tae annoonce offeecially aboot recognition o sovereign Ukraine. Turkey haes an embassy in Kiev an a consulate general in Odessa. Ukraine haes an embassy in Ankara an a consulate general in Istanbul. Turkey is a full member o NATO an Ukraine is a candidate. An aw baith kintras are BLACKSEAFOR an BSEC members.

In late Januar 2010 Ukrainian Preses Viktor Yanukovych an Turkis Prime Meenister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan agreed tae form a free trade zone atween the twa kintras durin 2011. But bilateral free trade talks wur put on hauld in 2013.

Follaein the end o 2015, Turkey an Ukraine experienced closer relations as a result o baith kintras increasingly strained relationship wi Roushie. On 20 August 2016 Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan told his Ukrainian coonterpairt Petro Poroshenko that Turkey waud nae recognise the 2014 Roushie annexation o Crimea; calling it "Crimea's occupation". On 9 Januar 2017 Turkey's Foreign Meenister Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu statit "We support the territorial integrity o Ukraine an Georgie. We do nae recognise the annexation o the launds o Ukraine.

## References

## Freemit airtins
*Turkish embassy in Kiev 
*Ukrainian embassy in Ankara
*Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Ukraine
Hoose o Savoy (Nemours branch)

The **Nemours branch o the Hoose o Savoy** wis a cadet branch o the Hoose o Savoy foondit bi Philippe o Savoy whose teetle wis Duke o Nemours. He wis a son o Philip II, Duke o Savoy he wis gien the teetle in 1528 bi Keeng Francis I o Fraunce. It is incorrectly cried *Savoy-Nemours*. The branch would settle in Fraunce an also have the teetle Duke o Aumale frae 1658. They would later own he Hotel de Nemours in Paris where Marie Jeanne o Savoy wis born (the mither o the future Victor Amadeus II, an grandmither o Louis XV)

## See also

*Duke o Nemours
*Cadet branch
*Hoose o Savoy
*Carignano branch o the Hoose o Savoy
Tver Karelian

Tver karelian "Karielan kieli" is a byleid o the karelian leid. It is spak in the Tver reegion o Roushie an is varra close tae the Karelian byleids spikken in northern Karelia. 



## Historie
The Tver karelians went tae the sooth efter the Swadish fowk attacked them in aboot the year 1800.
García Álvarez de Toledo y Carrillo de Toledo, 1st Duke o Alba

**García Álvarez de Toledo y Carrillo de Toledo, 1st [[Duke o Alba]]**  (circa 1424 – 20 Juin 1488) wis a Spaingie nobleman wha wis the 2nd Coont o Alba de Tormes but wis later creuatit Duke o Alba in 1472 bi Keeng Henry IV o Castile.

## Mairiage

In 1448, he mairit María Enríquez de Quiñones, dochter o Fadrique Enríquez, Admiral o Castile, with whom he haed issue A granddochter, María de Toledo y Rojas, mairit Diego Colón, son o Christopher Columbus.

## Issue

#Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo y Enríquez, 2nd Duke o Alba (1460–1531)
#Mencia Álvarez de Toledo y Enríquez, mairit Beltrán de la Cueva, 1st Duke o Alburquerque
#Teresa Álvarez de Toledo y Enríquez mairit Pedro Fernández Manrique, 2nd Coont o Osorno
#Francisca Álvarez de Toledo y Enríquez mairit Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, 2nd Duke o Alburquerque
#María Álvarez de Toledo y Enríquez mairit Gómez Suárez de Figueroa, 2nd Coont o Feria
#Gutierre Álvarez de Toledo y Enríquez, Bishop o Plasencia
#García Álvarez de Toledo y Enríquez, 1st Laird o la Orcaiada
#Pedro Álvarez de Toledo y Enríquez, 1st Laird o Mancera
#Fernando Álvarez de Toledo y Enríquez, 1st Laird o las Villorias
Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo y Enríquez, 2nd Duke o Alba

**Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo y Enríquez, 2nd [[Duke o Alba]]** wis a 1460 – 19 October 1531) wis a Spaingie nobleman, militar general.

## Mairiage
In 1580 he mairit Isabel de Zúñiga.
North Macedonie–Turkey relations

**North Macedonie–Turkey relations** are the bilateral relations atween the Republic o North Macedonie an the Republic o Turkey.

## History
Owin tae historical, cultural, an human bonds, North Macedonie an Turkey hae verra close an friendly relations. Shortly efter North Macedonie declarit its unthirldom frae the umwhile Yugoslavie in 1991 Turkey recognised North Macedonie's sovereignty as ane o the first kintras tae dae sae. Bilateral relations wur established on 26 August 1992. North Macedonie haes an embassy in Ankara an a consulate–general in Istanbul, whilk Turkey haes an embassy in Skopje an a consulate-general in Bitola. The Turkis leid is a co-offeecial leid in twa municipalities an aa, alangside the Macedonie leid. Turkey an North Macedonie hae guid economic relations an aa. Thare are mony Turkis companies present in North Macedonie, notably TAV Airports Hauldin an Şişecam. Baith kintras want tae join the European Union.

In a Gallup polls conductit in 2010, Turkey is viewed as a *friendly kintra* wi a positive eemage amang a lairge nummer (80 percent) o fowk in the Republic o North Macedonie. Recognition o the Republic o North Macedonie bi Turkey is predicatit on North Macedonie uphaudin the free movement an richt o Albanies in the kintra. In Februar 2018, Turkis preses Recep Tayyip Erdoğan expressed support o the Republic o North Macedonie's position throu negotiations ower the dispute, saying that Greece's position is wrang. Turkey supports the Republic o North Macedonia's bid tae join baith NATO an the EU.

## Citizens frae North Macedonie o Turkis oreegin

Thare are 77,959 citizens declared as Turkis in North Macedonie, formin 3.85% o the population o the kintras. The Turks o North Macedonie serve as a bridge atween the twa states, an wur pairt o a programme for cooperation in the sphere o culture for the period atween 2009 an 2011. Accordin tae the programme baith sides will intensify the cooperation in different segments o culture an airt. Additionally, the kintras shall promote ilk ither's culture an apen Cultural Information Centres - North Macedonie in Istanbul an Turkey in Skopje. On that occasion, the minister o North Macedonie awso anoonced that the govrenment o North Macedonie decidit tae renew the hoose o Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's parents, locatit in the veelage o Kodžadžik near Debar. The Turkis authorities lat archaeologists frae North Macedonie mak a copy o the Alexander Sarcophagus that efterwards will be displayed in a museum in North Macedonie.

## References

## Freemit airtins
* Embassy of North Macedonia in Ankara 
* Embassy of Turkey in Skopje
FK Banga

**Futbolo klubas Banga** (; **Banga** for short) is a lithuanien professional fitbaw club frae Gargždai that plays in the TOPLYGA.

## Honours
### Domestic competeetions
* **LFF Cup**
** **Winner (1):** 2024
** **Finalists (3)** : 2011, 2014, 2019.

## Saison

## References

## Freemit airtins
* Offeecial wabsteid: A lyga 
* Offeecial wabsteid: fkbanga.lt
* FK Banga: toplyga.lt
* FK Banga: Soccerway
* Globalsportsarchive
Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo y Enríquez de Guzmán, 4t Duke o Alba

**Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo y Enríquez de Guzmán, 4t [[Duke o Alba]]** (21 November 1537 – 11 December 1583), wis a spaingie nobleman an the 4t Duke o Alba. He acted as viceroy o Naples.

## Mairiage

He mairit Isabel de Zúñiga y Pimentel, Coontess o Sevilla, in 1480 an haed issue. His eldest son García wis destined tae be his successor, but predeceased his faither, passing the teetle o third Duke o Alba tae Fadrique's grandson, the famous Iron Duke Fernando Álvarez de Toledo y Pimentel.

## Issue

#Leonor Álvarez de Toledo y Zúñiga, mairit Rodrigo Portocarrero.
#Garcia Álvarez de Toledo y Zúñiga (?–1512), Marquis o Coria, mairit Beatriz Pimentel.
#Catalina lvarez de Toledo y Zúñiga, mairit Diego Enríquez de Velasco, 3rd Coont o Alva de Liste.
#Maria Álvarez de Toledo y Zúñiga, mairit her cousin Enrique Enríquez de Toledo, 4t Coont o Alva de Liste.
#Fernando Álvarez de Toledo y Pimentel, 3rd Duke o Alba. 
#Pedro Álvarez de Toledo y Zúñiga (1484–1553), Viceroy of Naples, mairit Maria Osorio-Pimentel an haed issue.
#García Álvarez de Toledo, 4t Marquis o Villafranca), Viceroy o Naples an haed issue.
Antonio Álvarez de Toledo y Beaumont, 5t Duke o Alba

**Antonio Álvarez de Toledo y Beaumont, 5t [[Duke o Alba]]**   (1568 – 29 Januar 1639) Antonio wis the grandson o the Iron Duke Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke o Alba and became 5t Duke o Alba when his uncle Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo, 4t Duke o Alba died without an heir. In 1599 Philip III o Spain awardit him the Order o the Gowden Fleece.

## Mairiage

He mairit Mencía de Mendoza, dochter o Íñigo López de Mendoza, Duke del Infantado, an  haed issue.

## Issue

#Fernando Álvarez de Toledo y Mendoza, 6t Duke o Alba  5 August 1595 - 7 October 1667) 
#Alonso Antonio Álvarez de Toledo y Mendoza, 1st Marquis o Villamagna. 
#María Álvarez de Toledo y Mendoza mairit Álvaro Pérez Osorio, 11t Marquis o Astorga.
#Ana Álvarez de Toledo y Mendoza mairit Antonio Enríquez de Ribera, 2nd Marquis o Villanueva del Río.
Carlos Fitz-James Stuart y Martínez de Irujo, 19t Duke o Alba

**Carlos Fitz-James Stuart y Martínez de Irujo, 19t [[Duke o Alba]]** born 2 October 1948) is a spaingie nobleman an present Duke o Alba  an heid o the Hoose o Alba. 

## Issue
#Fernando Fitz-James Stuart de Solís, 15t Duke o Huéscar, Grandee o Spain (born 14 September 1990).
#Carlos Fitz-James Stuart de Solís, 22nd Coont o Osorno, Grandee o Spain (born 29 November 1991).

## Teetles an styles
*** 15 Januar 1951 – 25 November 2015** *[[The Maist Excellent]]* The Duke o Huéscar, Grandee o Spain.
***20 November 2014 – present** *[[The Maist Excellent]]* The Duke o Alba, Grandee o Spain.
Fernando Álvarez de Toledo y Mendoza, 6t Duke o Alba

**Fernando Álvarez de Toledo y Mendoza, 6t [[Duke o Alba]]** ( 5 August 1595 - 7 october 1667)

## Issue

# Antonio Álvarez de Toledo y Enríquez de Ribera, 7t Duke o Alba (26 Februar 1615 - 1 Juin 1690)
Infanta Francisca Josefa o Portugal

**[[Infanta]] Francisca Josefa o Portugal** (*Francisca Josefa Maria Xavier*; 30 Januar 1699 – 15 Julie 1736) wis an Infanta o the Kinrick o Portugal as a dochter o Keeng Pedro II o Portugal. Though she wud niver mairy, she wis a possible bride for the future Charles Emmanuel III o Sardinie, or Victor Amadeus, Prince o Piedmont but the unions niver occured. Instead she wud niver mairy nor have any issue. She wis a first cousin o Joseph I, Haly Roman Emperor an Elisabeth Farnese.
Antonio Álvarez de Toledo y Enríquez de Ribera, 7t Duke o Alba

**Antonio Álvarez de Toledo y Enríquez de Ribera, 7t [[Duke o Alba]]** (26 Februar 1615 - 1 Juin 1690)

## Issue
# Antonio Álvarez de Toledo y Fernández de Velasco, 8t Duke o Alba (1627 - 1701)
FC Džiugas

**Futbolo klubas Džiugas** (; **Džiugas** for short) is a lithuanien professional fitbaw club frae Telšiai that plays in the A lyga.

## Honours
### Domestic competeetions
* **[[Pirma lyga]] (D2)**
** 1 plass: 2019

## Saison

## References

## Freemit airtins
* Offeecial wabsteid: TOPLYGA 
* Offeecial wabsteid: fcdziugas.lt
* FC Džiugas: Soccerway
* Globalsportsarchive
Ducal Pailace o Vila Viçosa

**Ducal Pailace o Vila Viçosa** is an umwhile pailace in the municipality o Vila Viçosa in Portugal. It is an aw cried the **Pailace o the Dukes o Braganza** as it wis the residence o the Dukes o Braganza o the Hoose o Braganza wha ruled the Kinrick o Portugal frae 1640 until 1910. In 1638 Infanta Catarina o Portugal wis born here (future wife o Charles II o Ingland)
2020 Warld Grand Prix

The **2020 Warld Grand Prix** wis a perfaisional snooker toornament that teuk place frae 3 tae 9 Februar 2020. The event teuk place a the Centaur, Cheltenham Racecourse i Cheltenham, England. It wis the eleivent rankin event o the 2019–20 snooker season an first o three Coral Cup toornaments. The event wis the 2020 edition o the Warld Grand Prix, an wis sponsored bi bettin company Coral.

## Prize fund
The event featurt a tot prize fund o £380,000 wi £100,000 bein awairdit tae the winner. Prizes for playin at the event war £5,000, but did nae count towards the player's warld rankin. The breakdoun o prize money fae the event is shawn belaw:

* Winner: £100,000
* Runner-up: £40,000
* Semi-final: £20,000
* Quarter-final: £12,500
* Last 16: £7,500
* Last 32: £5,000 (prize money at this stage will nae count towards prize money rankins)
* Highest break: £10,000
* Tot: £380,000

## Toornament draw
The event featurt five single elimination roonds featurin 32 players. Belaw is the bracket for the event. Players i bold denote match winners.

### Final

## Century breaks
A tot o 33 century braks wae made at the toornament. The heichest brak wis a 142 made bi Neil Robertson in the final.

* 142, 140, 127, 110, 107, 105, 101, 100, 100 Neil Robertson
* 138, 100, 100 Judd Trump
* 134 Matthew Selt
* 132, 129, 120, 102, 100 Ronnie O'Sullivan
* 131, 111 Mark Selby
* 130 Mark Allen
* 129 Kyren Wilson
* 129 Li Hang
* 122 Michael Holt
* 120, 114 Scott Donaldson
* 115 David Gilbert
* 107 Thepchaiya Un-Nooh
* 106 Joe Perry
* 105 Liang Wenbo
* 103 Graeme Dott
* 103 Zhao Xintong
* 101 Xiao Guodong

## References
Nganasan leid

Nganasan is a samoyedic leid in norther Roushie, siberia. Nganasan is spikken bi aboot 123 fowk who are maistly auld. In the year 1989 Nganasan wis spikken bi ower 1.100 fowk, in 2002 it was spikken bi 500 fowk an nou ainly 123 fowk ken the Nganasan leid. The raison fur Nganasan lossin a muckle o spikker wis Nganasan fowk muivin tae ceeties. Nganasan is a north Samoyedic leid.
Gitega

**Gitega** (umwhile **Kitega**) is the caipital o Burundi. Locatit in the centre o the kintra, in the Burundian central plateau roughly  southeast o Bujumbura (the umwhile caipital an lairgest ceety), Gitega (the seicont lairgest ceety) wis the seat o the Kinrick o Burundi till its abolition in 1966. In late Dizember 2018, Burundian preses Pierre Nkurunziza annooncit that he wad follae on a 2007 promise tae return Gitega its umwhile poleetical caipital status, with Bujumbura remaining as economic capital and centre of commerce. A vote in the Pairlament o Burundi made the chynge offeecial on 16 Januar 2019, wi aw branches o govrenment expectit tae muive in ower three year.

## Notes

## References
Joker (chairacter)

The **Joker** is a superveelain creatit bi Bill Finger, Bob Kane, an Jerry Robinson that first appeared in the debut issue o the comic beuk *[[Batman (comic beuk)|Batman]]* (25 Apryle 1940), published bi DC Comics. Creedit for the Joker's creaution is disputed; Kane an Robinson claimed responsibility for the Joker's design while acknawledgin Finger's writin contreibution. Awtho the Joker wus planned tae be killt aff in his ineetial appearance, he wis spared bi eeditorial intervention, allouin the chairacter tae endur as the airchenemy o the superhero Batman.

## References
Reidcoll

**Reidcoll** (*Armoracia rusticana*, syn. *Cochlearia armoracia*) is a perennial plant o the faimily Brassicaceae (that an aw includes mustart, wasabi, broccoli, cabbitch, an raidish). It is a ruit vegetable uised as a spice an prepared as a condiment.

## References
Mary Lou McDonald

**Mary Louise McDonald** (born on the 1t Mey 1969) is an Erse Sinn Féin politeecian at hes sert is the Preses o Sinn Féin syne Februar 2018.
Kirkpaitrick Durham

**Kirkpaitrick Durham** is a veelage an pairish in the historical coonty o Kirkcoubrieshire, Dumfries an Gallowa, soothwast Scotland. It is locatit 6 mile north o Castle Douglas. The veelage wis developit in the late 18t century as a haund-luim weavin centre, within the existin pairish o the same name. The praisent kirk wis built in 1850 by Dumfries-sted airchitect Walter Newall.

In the 19t century the meenister here was nominal the Rev. George Duncan. Isabelle Wight Duncan wis his mither tae nine o thair children. In 1860 she publisht a beuk that gaed up again On the Origin of Species. Her beuk greed the kythin geological diskiverys wi the stories o Genesis.

John Gerrond (1765-1832) the sel-style't "Galloway Poet", wis born at Gateside o Bar in Kirkpaitrick Durham. His warks include *Poems on Several Occasions, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect* (1802), *The Poetical and Prose Works of John Gerrond* (1812), and *The New Poetical Works of John Gerrond, the Galloway Poet*, (1818). He deed in the cholera epidemic in Dumfries in 1832.https://www.nls.uk/rare-books-acquisitions/?id=635  He died in the cholera epidemic in Dumfries in 1832.

## References
Ae, Dumfries an Gallowa

**Ae** (pronoonce't  or "eh”) is a veelage in Dumfries an Gallowa, soothwast Scotland. The village is locatit on the edge o a 15,000 acre man-made conifer forest, an is aboot 9 mile north o Dumfries.

## History

Robert Chambers wrate aboot the Ae aurie in 1826, descrievin it as a muir wi a glen (kent as Glenae), whase woners wis "lang-fame't for broils, battles, an feats o acteevity". Chambers wrate that the majority o the men in the aurie wis employed in fermin an transportin guids on horseback atween the veelage an Glesga, as weel as the ceetys o Cairl an Manchester. Thir "lads o Ae" haed a reputation that preceedit thaim, bein famous for "cudgel-playin an boxin at ilka fair an waddin the aurie haudit.

The veelage o Ae is ane o the youngest veelages in Breetain, haen been foondit in 1947 bi the Forestry Commission.

## Geography

The veelage is situatit atween the Watter o Ae an the Goukstane Burn efter thay hae flowed oot o the Forest o Ae. The population is aboot 200, wi 50 dwallins. Faceelitys in the veelage includes a public hoose (forgane a post office), a schuil, an a community haw.

Experiments at Ae includes successfu afforestation o umwhile bogs, thocht tae be unplantable afore. Plantation haes been estaiblished at a heicht o 1,750 fit an aw. The forest consists o mainly Sitka spruce, but thare is larch, Scots pine, an Norway spruce an aw. Thare is a hantle o wildlife, includin deer, tod, maukin, whitrat, cushat, yorlin, spur-hawk, jay, pheisant, paitrick, an ferret.

### Toponymy

In 1787, the aurie's name wis written wi the ligature **Æ**. By 1826 the name wis written **Ae** that, bi repute, is the shortest place name in the Unitit Kinrick. Houiver the Scots Gaelic name o the island o Iona comprises a single letter, I.

The name likely comes fae the Auld Norse wird *aa*, meanin "watter, river".

### Muntain bikin trails

Near til the veelage is the local aurie heidquarters o the Forestry Commission. The commission haes been instrumental in developin a muntain bikin centre, that provides access tae cycle trails o various difficulty. Tae cater for veesitors, thare is a smaw café an a bike shap.

### Wheelchair accessible walks

Thare is a 3.5 mile lang wheelchair accessible circular trail alang the Ae riverside fae the main car pairk whaur thare is disable't pairkin. The paith is wide an generally flet an consists o a combination o cinder an compactit graivel tracks wi no mony law sticks, an slicht slents. The route is suitable for manual wheelchair uisers, juist follae the yellae post merkers. Thare is the option o pairkin at the upper/owerflowe car pairk an aw shortenin the walk tae less nor 2.5 mile avydin the first pairt o the trail that is skare'd wi vehicles. For the muir adventurous wi "aff-road" wheelchaires the yellae trail can be extendit bi follaein the greed muntain bike trail merkers up tae Dan's Puil an back.

## References

## Sources

*
*
*
*

## External links
*Video footage o Ae Village
Vanathi Srinivasan

**Vanathi Srinivasan** is a Tamil politician, lawyer, an acteevist. She currently serves as the General Secretary of Bharatiya Janata Party Tamil Nadu unit.

## References
New Gallowa

**New Gallowa** is a toun in the historical coonty o Kirkcoubrieshire in Dumfries an Gallowa. It is locatit on the wast side o the glen o the Watter o Ken, ae mile north o the end o Loch Ken. Afore the local government reform o 1975, it wis the wee-est Ryal Burgh in Scotland.

The war scaitert sattlements in the aurie frae at least the 13t century (whan the nearby Kenmure Castle wis first biggit), bit the veelage wis formal foondit in the 17t century by the Viscount o Kenmore an grantit Ryal Burgh status in 1630 - this wis tae enable it tae serve as a mercat toun.  Houiver, Kirkcoubrie, anely 19 mile til the sooth, wis lairger an drew mair tredders. New Gallowa sicweys grew verra slaw an is the wee-est Ryal Burgh in Scotland.

New Gallowa thir days is a landwart toun. It his a Toun Hoose, the CatStrand Arts and Visitors Centre, twa kirks, three hottles, and a gowf club.  A popular vacances destination, staundin on the edge o the scenic Galloway Forest Park, it is on the Galloway Kite Trail, whaur gleds can be seen at aw times o the year. Ilk August, it hosts the Scottish Alternative Games in its wee pairk.

**Kells Pairish Kirk o Scotland**, biggit in 1822 til a design by local airchitect William McCandlish. The kirk is a T-plan kirk wi a square tour at the centre o the sooth waw. The kirkyaird his three "Adam an Eve" stanes o 1706-7, and the graff o Captain John Gordon's gemmie at Kenmure Castle, John Murray, that catcht the lairgest recordit pike in Loch Ken in 1774.

**St Margaret's Espicopaulian Kirk** wis biggit in 1904 by W H Harrison, the chancel addit in 1908 an the lykegait in 1912.http://www.scottisharchitects.org.uk/architect_full.php?id=201397 The harled waws is white an the ruif tiles is reid. The windaes is by Kempe, Clayton & Bell, an James Powel & Sons.

**The Ken Brig**, that links the toun wi the main road on the east side o the glen, wis biggit in 1822 by the Scots ingineer John Rennie, that biggit an aw the seicont London Bridge and Waterloo Bridge.

**[[James Faed Jnr.]]** (1856-1920), airtist an son o James Faed, bade an deed at his hame *The Bungalow*. He is buirit in Kells Kirkyaird. https://www.kirkcudbrightgalleries.org.uk/artists-footsteps/artist/james-faed-jnr/ 

## External links

* Scottish Alternative Games 
* Galloway Kite Trail 
*Engraving of New Galloway by James Fittler in the digitised copy of Scotia Depicta, or the antiquities, castles, public buildings, noblemen and gentlemen's seats, cities, towns and picturesque scenery of Scotland , 1804 at National Library of Scotland
Angela Haggerty

**Angela Haggerty** is a Scots writer. She haes written fur publications includin the *Sunday Herald*, *The Drum*, an *CommonSpace*.  She haes been a contreibutor on Scots TV an radio, in pairticular discussin politics an Scots unthirldom.

## Backround
Haggerty grew up on the Isle o Bute an began her journey in media wi volunteerin tae host a weekly topical news shaw at a smaw community radio station. She studit jurnalism at Cardonald College in Glesga.

## Career
Haggerty wirkit fur sindry media businesses, like *The Drum*, the *Rangers Football Club*, *CommonSpace*, an the *Sunday Herald*. She editit an pairt-wrate a buik anent the liquidation o *Rangers Football Club*. She wrate a weekly column fur the *Sunday Herald*. Houiver, she wis faced wi controversy whan her fellae columnist Graham Spiers wis sacked fur writin anent sectarian singin in Scottish fitba. Angela's comments on Twitter wis deemed tae hae undermindit the newspaper's apology, leadin tae her ain dismissal. She wis later reinstatit.

## References
COVID-19

**Coronavirus disease 2019** (**COVID-19**) is an infectious disease caused bi SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely relatit tae the SARS virus. It caused a pandemic fae the 11t o Mairch 2020 til the 5t o Mey 2023.

## References
Pailace o Saunt Christopher

The **Pailace o Saunt Christopher** or cried the **Imperial Pailace** wis an umwhile pailace in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It served as residence tae the Portuguese Ryals  an later tae the Brazilian Imperial Family until 1889, when the kintra became a republic through a *[[coup d'état]]* deposing Emperor Pedro II. The pailace briefly served as a public biggin bi the provisional government for the constituent assembly o the first republican constitution. It housed the major part (92.5%) of the collection o the National Museum o Brazil, which, thegither with the biggin, were largely destroyed bi a fire in September 2018. The pailace is within the gairdens o *[[Quinta da Boa Vista]]*.

## External links
*National Museum of Brazil  Official website
Prince Filippo o the Twa Sicilies

**Prince Filippo o the Twa Sicilies** (*Filippo Maria Alfonso Antonio Ferdinando Francesco di Paola Lodovico Enrico Alberto Taddeo Francesco Saverio Uberto*; 10 December 1885 – 9 Mairch 1949) wis a Prince o the Kinrick o the Twa Sicilies.  

## Mairiage

Filippo mairit firstly tae Princess Marie Louise o Orléans, auldest dochter o Prince Emmanuel, Duke o Vendôme an his spouse Princess Henriette o Belgium, on 12 Januar 1916 at the Château de Neuilly. They haed ane son before their 1925 divorce.

## Issue

#Prince Gaetano o the Twa Sicilies (16 Aprile 1917 - 27 December 1984) mairit Olivia Yarrow an haed issue.

## Teetles an styles

***10 December 1885 – 9 Mairch 1949** *[[His Ryal Highness]]* Prince Filippo o the Twa Sicilies.
Princess Marie Louise o Orléans (1896–1973)

**Princess Marie Louise o Orléans**  (*Marie Louise Ferdinande Charlotte Henriette*; 31 December 1896 – 8 Miarch 1973) wis a descendant o Louis Philippe I o the French bi birth an wis a Princess o the Kinrick o the Twa Sicilies bi mairiage. 

## Issue
#Prince Gaetano o the Twa Sicilies (16 Aprile 1917 - 27 December 1984) mairit Olivia Yarrow an haed issue.

## Teetles an styles

* **31 December 1896 – 12 Januar 1916** *Her Ryal Highness* la Princess Marie Louise o Orléans.
* **12 Januar 1916 – 3 November 1925** *Her Ryal Highness* la Princess Philippe o the Twa Sicilies.
* **3 November 1925 – 12 December 1928** *Her [[Ryal Highness]]*  Princess Marie Louise o Orléans.
* **12 December 1928 – 8 Mairch 1973** *[[Her Ryal Highness]]* Princess Marie Louise, madame Kingsland.
Château de Neuilly

The **[[Château]] de [[Neuilly-sur-Seine|
Neuilly]]** wis an umwhile *[[château]]* in Neuilly-sur-Seine a *[[Communes o Fraunce|commune]]* in the wastren suburbs o Paris, Fraunce. It is locatit  frae the centre o Paris. It wis constructit in 1751 but wis destroyed bi fire in 1848 bi fire in the ring o Keeng Louis Philippe I o the French.
Brig o Dee (clachan)

**Brig o Dee** is a clachan on the River Dee in Dumfries an Gallowa, Scotland. It lies on the A75 road juist wast o Castle Douglas, an north-east o Kirkcoubrie.

The umwhile Kirkcoubrie Railwey, linkin Kirkcoubrie wi Castle Douglas, passt throu the clachan. The station appent in 1864 bi the Glasgow and South Western Railway. Til the sooth wis the guidsyaird an til the north wis the signal box, that appent in 1882. The box wis closed in 1925 an it wis replace't by a grund frame. The station wis closed tae baith passengers an guids traffeck in 1949. The railwey line itsel wis closed in 1965.  The station is noo a hoose.

## Namely fowk

* William Allan Forsyth Hepburn FRSE OBE MC LLD (1881-1950) - eddicationalist 

## References
Tongland

**Tongland** is a wee veelage aboot 2 mile north o Kirkcoubrie, in Dumfries an Gallowa, Scotland. It lies on the wast baunk o the River Dee near its inflaw wi the Tarff Watter.

## History

Tongland Aibey, a medieval Premonstratensian monastic commonty, wis here durin the Middle Ages. The remeens o this can yet be seen thegither wi a kirk that is in a state o ruination.  The River Dee is crosst by a bit dounriver by Tongland Brig, a stane airch brig biggit in 1806 by ceevil ingineer Thomas Telford that wis assisted by the local civil ingineer A. Blane.

Syne the 1930s, Tongland his been the site o a hydroelectric pouer station, pairt o the Galloway hydro-electric power scheme. The pouer station uised tae be appent tae veesitors durin the simmer months, bit syne 2007 this his no langer been the case. A bit earlier, atween 1921 an 1922 Galloway caurs wis made in Tongland in a First Warld War warks that employed mainly weemen prentice ingineers. The Galloway Engneering Co. warks wis oreeginal completit in 1917 an wis pouert by its ain hydroelectric scheme on the River Dee.. 

Syne 2004, thare his been several construction projects, wi the site o an umwhile gairage noo hame tae three new hooses. Thare is an aw several mair hooses being biggit. In 2006, street lichts wis instawed alang the A711 road that passes throu the veelage.

## Namely fowk

* Joe Dobson, co-foonder o the Interflora flouer deleevery netwark, wis born in Tongland in 1875.

## Listit biggins

* Tarff, Old Bridge of Tarff

* Kirkconnel Farmhouse and Steading

* Argrennan House Walled Garden

* Bogra House

* Brook House, Ringford

* Tongland Bridge

* Tongland Parish Church (Church of Scotland) and Churchyard

* Argrennan House

* Low Bridge of Tarff

* Argrennan Lodge

* Galloway Electrich Power Scheme, Tongland Power Station, Surge Tower, and Valve House, including Boundary Walls

* Tongland, Old Tongland Bridge

* Tongland Abbey, Tongland Parish Churchyard

* Tarff, High Bridge of Tarff

## References
Princess Louise o Orléans (1869–1952)

**Princess Louise o Orléans** (*Louise Victoire Marie Amélie Sophie*; 19 Julie 1869 – 4 Februar 1952) wis a descendant o Keeng Louis Philippe I  o the French bi birth an a Princess o the Kinrick o Bavarie bi mairiage. 

## Mairiage
On 15 Aprile 1891 at Schloss Nymphenburg, Louise mairit her seicont cousin Prince Alfons o Bavarie. He wis the seicont son o Prince Adalbert o Bavarie (1828–1875) an his spouse, Infanta Amalia o Spain. Her husband wis a brither o Princess Isabella o Bavarie (Duchess o Genoa as wife o Prince Tommaso, Duke o Genoa)

## Issue
#Prince Joseph Clemens o Bavarie (25 Mey 1902 – 8 Januar 1990) niver mairit an haed nae kent issue.
#Princess Elisabeth o Bavarie (10 October 1913 – 3 Mairch 2005) mairit Franz Joseph Coont (*Graf*) von Kageneck an haed issue.

## Teetles an styles
***19 Julie 1869 - 15 Aprile 1891** *[[Her Ryal Highness]]* Princess Louise o Orléans.
***15 Aprile 1891 - 4 Februar 1952** *Her Ryal Highness* Princess Alfons o Bavarie.
Neville Francis Fitzgerald Chamberlain

Sir **Neville Francis Fitzgerald Chamberlain**, KCB, KCVO, KPM (13 Januar 1856 – 28 Mey 1944) wis a British Airmy officer, an later Inspector-General o the Ryal Erse Constabulary that demittit the eftermath o the 1916 Easter Rising in Ireland. He is credited wit haein invented the gemme o snooker whiles servin in Jubbulpore (Jabalpur), Indie, in 1875.