12 Aprile

The **12t o Aprile** is the 102t day o the year (103t in lowp years) in the Gregorian Calendar, wi 263 days ti come.

## Events

* 1557 - The ceety o Cuenca, Ecuador, is foondit.
* 1606 - James VI, Keeng o Scots adopts the oreeginal Union Banner as a jynt Banner for Scotland an Ingland, combinin the Saunt Andra's cross o Scotland wi the Saunt George's cross o Ingland.
* 1861 - The American Ceevil War stairts at Fort Sumter, Sooth Carolina.
* 1877 - The Unitit Kinrick annexes Transvaal in present-day Sooth Africae.
* 1927 - The Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Ireland becomes the Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland.
* 1934 - The highest wind speeds (outside tornadoes or Antarcticae) are measured at Mt. Washington, New Hampshire, Unitit States.
* 1945 - Preses o the Unitit States Franklin Delano Roosevelt dies agit 63. Harry S. Truman takes ower frae him.
* 1955 - The poliomyelitis vaccine developed by Jonas Salk is declared safe an effective.
* 1961 - Yuri Gagarin o the Soviet Union becomes the first human bein tae travel intae space.
* 1981 - The Space Shuttle Columbia maks its first flicht.
* 2003 - In a referendum in Hungary, a majority (83.8%) supports jynin the European Union on a 45.6% turnoot.
* 2009 - Zimbabwe abandons the Zimbabwean Dollar as its offeecial currency.
* 2014 - A wildfire in Valparaiso, Chile, kills 16 fowk an displaces 10,000.
* 2015 - Hillary Clinton propales her intention tae run for Preses o the Unitit States in 2016.

## Births

* 1577 - Christian IV o Denmark (d. 1648)
* 1777 - Henry Clay, American lawyer an politeecian (d. 1852)
* 1871 - Ioannis Metaxas, Greek general an politeecian (d. 1941)
* 1903 - Jan Tinbergen, Dutch economist (d. 1994)
* 1923 - Eddie Turnbull, Scots fitbawer (d. 2011)
* 1933 - Montserrat Caballé, Catalan soprano an actress
* 1940 - Herbie Hancock, American pianist, componer an bandleader
* 1941 - Bobby Moore, Inglis fitbawer (d. 1993)
* 1942 - Jacob Zuma, umwhile Preses o Sooth Africae
* 1946 - Ed O'Neill, American actor
* 1946 - George Robertson, Baron Robertson o Port Ellen, Scots politeecian, umwhile Secretar-General o NATO
* 1947 - David Letterman, American actor an telly presenter
* 1947 - Tom Clancy, American novelist (d. 2013)
* 1948 - Joschka Fischer, German politeecian
* 1948 - Marcello Lippi, Italian fitbawer an manager
* 1950 - Joyce Banda, umwhile Preses o Malawi
* 1956 - Herbert Grönemeyer, German sangster an actor
* 1959 - Jackson Carlaw, Scots politeecian
* 1961 - Lisa Gerrard, Australian sangster
* 1971 – Shannen Doherty, American actress
* 1978 - Guy Berryman, Scots muisicker (Coldplay)
* 1979 - Claire Danes, American actress
* 1979 - Jennifer Morrison, American actress
* 1982 - Gary Caldwell, Scots fitbawer
* 1991 - Steven Lawless, Scots fitbawer
* 1994 - Saoirse Ronan, Erse actress

## Daiths
* 65 - Seneca the Younger, Roman philosopher
* 238 - Gordian I, Roman Emperor (b. 159)
* 238 - Gordian II, Roman Emperor (b. 192)
* 1775 - William Kerr, 4t Marquess o Lowden, Scots nobleman, sodger an politeecian (b. 1710)
* 1817 - Charles Messier, French astronomer (b. 1730)
* 1935 - Douglas Cochrane, 12t Yerl o Dundonal, Scots peer (b. 1852)
* 1945 - Franklin Delano Roosevelt, 32nt Preses o the Unitit States (b. 1882)
* 1971 - Igor Tamm, Soviet-Roushie pheesicist (b. 1895)
* 1975 - Josephine Baker, American-French dancer, actress an sangster (b. 1906)
* 1988 - Harry McShane, Scots socialist (b. 1891)
* 1989 - Bill Harper, Scots fitbawer (b. 1897)
* 2008 - Patrick Hillery, Preses o the Republic o Ireland (b. 1923)
* 2009 – Marilyn Chambers, American actress an sangster (b. 1952)

## Halidays
* Cosmonautics Day (Roushie)