open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Molecule

A **molecule** is an electrically neutral group o twa or mair atoms held thegither bi chemical bonds. Molecules are distinguished frae ions bi thair lack o electrical chairge. Houever, in quantum physics, organic chemistry, an biochemistry, the term *molecule* is eften uised less strictly, bein applee'd tae polyatomic ions an aa.

In the kinetic theory o gases, the term *molecule* is eften uised for ony gaseous pairticle regairdless o its composeetion. Accordin tae this defineetion, noble gas atoms are conseedert molecules as thay are in fact monoatomic molecules.

A molecule mey be homonuclear, that is, it conseests o atoms o ane chemical element, as wi oxygen (O2); or it mey be heteronuclear, a chemical compoond componed o mair nor ane element, as wi watter (H2O). Atoms an complexes connectit bi non-covalent interactions, sic as hydrogen bonds or ionic bonds, are generally nae conseedert single molecules.

Molecules as components o matter are common in organic substances (an tharefore biochemistry). Thay mak up maist o the oceans an atmosphere. Houever, the majority o fameeliar solit substances on Yird, includin maist o the minerals that mak up the crust, mantle, an core o the Yird, conteen mony chemical bonds, but are *nae* made o identifiable molecules. Forby, na teepical molecule can be defined for ionic creestals (sauts) an covalent creestals (network solits), awtho thir are eften componed o repeatin unit cells that extend aither in a plane (sic as in graphene) or three-dimensionally (sic as in diamond, quartz, or sodium chloride). The theme o repeated unit-cellular-structur forby holds for maist condensed phases wi metallic bondin, which means that solit metals are nae made o molecules. In glesses (solits that exeest in a vitreous disordered state), atoms mey forby be held thegither bi chemical bonds wi na presence o ony definable molecule, nor ony o the regularity o repeatin units that chairacterises creestals.

## References
Mukkoottuthara

**Mukkoottuthara** is a veelage located in Kottayam destrict o Kerala, Indie. Sabarimala is anerly 16 kilometres frae Erumely, while travellin throu Mukkoottuthara. The roads passin throu Mukkoottuthara are upgradit an maintained as State Heich-gates. The main cultivation is rubber. Mukkoottuthara is famous for bamboo products (Muram, Kutta, Parampu etc.). Ane o the famous tourist spot- Perumthenaruvy (The watterfaw in Pumpa river, whaur the entire river faws tae aboot 20 feet) is juist 1.5 kilometres frae Mukkoottuthara.

## Freemit airtins
*Wikimaps view
Harich

**Harich** mey refer tae the follaein places:

*Harich, Netherlands, a veelage in Friesland, Netherlands
*Harich, Armenie, a veelage in Shirak, Armenie
Haykasar

**Haykasar** (, Romanisit as **Aykasar** an aw; umwhile, **Saribash**) is a toun in the Shirak Province o Armenie.

## References
*
Harich, Armenie

**Harich** (; Romanisit as **Harrich** an **Arich** an aw; umwhile **Kipchag**) is a veelage in the Shirak Province o Armenie. Athin the veelage is the Harichavank Monastery o the 8t century. Athort the gorge frae the monastery is a 3rd millennium BC fortress an tomb field.

## Gallery

Image:Harichavank Rear.JPG|Rear view o Harichavank Monastery, 8t c.


## References
* 
* World Gazeteer: Armenia &ndash; World-Gazetteer.com
* 
* 
*
Tânia Mara

**Tânia Mara Araújo Almeida** (born 9 Februar 1983 in Brasília) is a Brazilian sangster an actress.

## Music career
Mara is best kent for the sangs "Se Quiser", a cover o Kelly Clarkson's 2003 sang "Anytime" includit on the soondtrack tae the telenovela *Páginas da Vida*, an "Sonho Lindo", which is uised as the theme for the telenovela *[[Desejo Proibido]]*.

She is marriet tae Jayme Monjardim, film director an director o Rede Globo netwirk soap operas. In September 2010, Mara gae birth tae thair first bairn, a dochter, namit efter Monjardim's famous mither, Maysa.

## Discografie

## Live Albums

### Singles

### Soondtracks

## References

## Freemit airtins

*
*Offeecial wabsteid
Horom, Armenie

**Horom** (, Romanisit as **Orom** an **Horrom** an aw) is a veelage in the Shirak Province o Armenie. Locatit 1&nbsp;km east o Horom an situatit upon twa muckle hills sooth o the main road an opposite o the dam an reservoir is the auncient Bronze Age throu Urartian Citadel o Horom.

No far frae this location in Ghak an Shvaghtapa are twa Urartian cyclopean forts.

## References
*
*World Gazeteer: Armenia &ndash; World-Gazetteer.com
*
Hovtashen

:*For the toun in Shirak Province, see [[Hovtashen, Shirak]].*

**Hovtashen** (, Romanisit as **Ovtashen** an aw) is a toun in the Ararat Province o Armenie.

## References
*
*World Gazeteer: Armenia &ndash; World-Gazetteer.com
*
Nahapetavan

**Nahapetavan** (, Romanisit as **Nagapetavan** an aw; till 1935, **Khachakilisa**, frae 1935 tae 1961, **Paros**) is a toun in the Shirak Province o Armenie. The toun wis renamit in 1961 in honor o Nagapet (or Nahapet) Kurghinian, a pairticipant in the Bolshevik uprisin in Mey 1920.

## References

*
*
Nor Kyank

**Nor Kyank** or **Nor Kyank’** or **Nor Kyanq** mey refer tae:
*Nor Kyank, Ararat, Armenie
*Nor Kyank, Shirak, Armenie
*Nor Kharberd, Armenie
Panik, Armenie

**Panik** (, Romanisit as **P’anik** an aw; umwhile, **Kyavtarlu**) is a toun in the Shirak Province o Armeniea.

The toun haes a Catholic majority.

## References

*
*World Gazeteer: Armenia &ndash; World-Gazetteer.com
*
Pokr Mantash

**Pokr Mantash** (; Roushifeed as **Malyy Mantash**; umwhile, **Pokr Arkhvali**) is a toun in the Shirak Province o Armenie.

## References
*
*World Gazeteer: Armenia &ndash; World-Gazetteer.com
*
Pemzashen

**Pemzashen** (; umwhile **Makhmudzhug**, **Mahmnutcuk**, an **Magmudzhuk**) is a veelage in the Shirak Province o Armenie. Durin the Soviet era a sewin factory, construction materials plant, an a pairts factory tae supply hydro-electric stations wur based oot o Pemzashen. Efter the collapse o the USSR, maist o the veelage's residents hae foond thairsels oot o wirk an mony o the men hae muivit tae Roushie tae fynd jobs. In the past 15 year, ower 300 faimilies hae muivit awa frae the veelage. Thare is the problem o a lack o irrigation watter for crops or hoosehauld gardens, an the laund aroond the veelage is no flat or fertile (due tae nae irrigation). Plans are currently unnerwey tae put in an irrigation seestem.

In the middle o veelage is a 7t century kirk adjacent tae the foondations o a 5t century basilica. Juist wast o the veelage aff o the main road leadin frae Pemzashen tae Artik is Arakelots Vank o the 11t century. Alang the road sooth tae Lernakert, is Makaravank biggit in the 10t tae 13t centuries forby, wi the kirk o Surb Sion o 1001. In the gorge belaw is a sma kirk biggit on earlier foondations constructit in the 18t century wi a hermits cell cut intae the cliff face ahint.

## Gallery

Image:Pemzashen Church.JPG|Pemzashen Kirk o the 7t c.


## References
* 
* World Gazeteer: Armenia &ndash; World-Gazetteer.com
* 
* 
* 

## Freemit airtins
* Article: Pemzashen
Fernanda Abreu

**Fernanda Abreu** (born 8 September 1961) is a Brazilian sangster.

## Biografie
Fernanda wis born an raised in a middle-class faimily o the Sooth Zone, o Rio de Janeiro. Her first notable public appearance wis the backin vocal o the baund Blitz till 1986. Efter that, in 1990, she stairtit a solo career singin funk, disco an dance muisic, achievin great success in her native kintra.

In 1989, she met Herbert Vianna, an wi his help an encouragment formit a funk baund. Her first solo album, *SLA Radical Dance Disco Club* (1990), wis producit bi Herbert Vianna an Fábio Fonseca an haed a hit wi *A Noite*, composed wi Luiz Stein an Laufer Laufer. Her seicont album, *SLA2/Be Sample* (1992), wis ane o the earliest Brazilian pop records tae extensively employ the sampler, an haed success wi *Rio 40 Graus*, componit wi Fausto Fawcett an Laufer Laufer, portrayin Rio de Janeiro climate, fowk an lifestyle. Syne then, Abreu haes been considered the first lady o Brazilian funk.

In 2006, she released *Ao Vivo MTV*, the first DVD o her career, which includes mony o her hit sangs.

Abreu is marriet tae the muisicker an designer Luiz Stein an haes 2 dochters, Alice an Sofia.

## Discografie
**Sla Radical Dance Disco Club* (1990)
**Sla 2 Be Sample* (1992)
**Da Lata* (1995)
**[[Raio X (álbum)|Raio X - Revista e Ampliada]]* (1997)
**Entidade Urbana* (2000)
**Na Paz* (2004)
**[[MTV Ao Vivo]]* (2006)

## References

## Freemit airtins

* Offeecial wabsteid
Katie McMahon

**Katie McMahon** is an Erse sangster. She wis a soloist wi the oreeginal  Riverdance troupe. Her recordins hae lairgely featured tradeetional Erse sangs, occasionally in the Erse leid.

McMahon is frae Dublin. She wis classically trained in voice an harp. She studiet Italian an Drama Studies at Trinity College, Dublin. Durin a break frae her studies, Katie joined the vocal group Anúna in 1991, an remained wi the choir till 1996. She wis a soloist on Anúna's first three CDs "ANÚNA" (1993), "Invocation" (1994) an "Omnis" (1995).

She is best kent as the oreeginal lead soprano soloist wi Anúna in the piece "Cloudsong". This is the openin section o Riverdance, first performit as pairt in the 1994 Eurovision Song Contest. Subsequently she went on tae pairticipate wi Anúna in the affshuit stage performance "Riverdance the Show" till 1996, when she left the choir, remainin wi the show till the late 1990s.

Her debut album, *After the Morning*, wis released in North Americae. Syne then she haes released three mair, *Shine*, *Celtic Christmas*, an *St. Patrick's Day*.

She is marriet tae Ben Craig wi whom she haes twa childer. She currently lives in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

## Freemit airtins

* KatieMcMahon.com - Official website
* Anúna's website
Valya Samvelyan

**Valya Samvelyan** () wis a popular Armenie female fowk-sangster.

She stairtit her airtistic career at Soviet *samodeyatelnost* (sel activity) but then she wan the competition bi Yerevan Radio an became a solo-sangster o the Ensemble of Folk Instruments of Radio of Armenia.

Amang the maist popular sangs in her interpretation wur "Anushik Im Quyrik", "Antsar Aygus Nayelov", "Zov Gisher" an "Shorora" bi Sayat-Nova, gusan Sheram, Alexey Ekimyan an ithers.

She dee'd in a caur accident.

Her son Ara Gevorgyan is the producer o her posthumous "Toghetsir indz menak" (You did let me alane) an "Anushik im quyrik" (My sweet sister) albums.

## References


## Freemit airtins
*Valya Samvelyan
Ara Gevorgyan

**Ara Gevorgyan** (, born 19 Aprile 1960, Yerevan) is an Armenie muisicker, componer an muisical producer. In 2004 he wis awairdit the *[[Honorar Airtist]] o the Republic o Armenie* title bi the Preses Robert Kocharyan.

Gevorgyan's sang Artsakh sang haes gained popularity in Armenie in the last decade.

## Biografie
Gevorgian is the son o Armenie fowk-sangster Valya Samvelyan. He studiet at Schuil #31 o Yerevan an at the A. Tigranyan Muisical Schuil at the same time. Durin the twa years he studiet at Yerevan #8 college o Fine Airts. Frae 1983 tae 1987 he studiet at Armenie State Pedagogical University at the faculty o woodwind instruments an pop muisic depairtment. In 1987-1989 Gevorgian taucht conductin at the same Institute, then he wirkit at Armenian Telly ("3 Alik" TV program).

In 1983 he foondit the "Rally" Armenie pop-rock baund, the pairticipant o "Song-85" festival.

He pairticipatit in the Openin Ceremony o the Cultural Year o Armenie in Roushie hostit at the Moscow Kremlin Music Hall an honored bi the presence o the preses o Armenie an Roushie Robert Kocharyan an Vladimir Putin respectively an the famous sangster Charles Aznavour.

Ara Gevorgian co-operates wi Jivan Gasparyan, Ian Gillan, Demis Roussos, Pedro Eustache, Daniel Decker an ithers. Amang his maist popular sangs are "Adana", "Artsakh", "Ov Hayots Ashkharh" an "Ovkyanosits ayn koghm". Gevorgyan componit the music for Roushie prima ballerina Anastasia Volochkova's "Golden cage" ballet dedicatit tae the Bolshoi Theater an aw.

He is marriet, haes a dochter an a son.

He haes been awairdit bi the "Mikhail Lomonosov" Roushie medal an the gowd medal o the Meenistry o Cultur o Armenie.

## Discografie
### CDs
*1995  (*Over the ocean*)
*1997  (*Nostalgie*)
*1999  (*Ani*) (a prize winner o Armenian Music Awards in the US)
*2001  (*Khor Virap*) (a prize winner o Armenian Music Awards in the US).
*2005  (*Adana*)
*2009  (*Vagharshapat*) (a prize winner o Armenian Music Awards in the US).
*2010 "The Best of Ara Geovrgyan"

## DVDs
*1999 "Live in Alex Theater", Los Angeles, EYE Records
*2002 "My Sardarapat", live in Armenie
*2003 "Ov Hayots Ashkhar"
*2007 "Live in Kremlin", Moscow, Roushie
*2009 "Live in Citadel", Aleppo, Sirie
*2009 "The Best o Ara Gevorgyan

## Freemit airtins
*Ara Gevorgian's Offeecial steid 
*Ara Gevorgyan-My Sardarabad 
*Gevorgyan at MTV.AM 
*Armenian Music Center 
*Ara Gevorgian's Concert Video - My Sardarapad 
*ԱՐԱ ԳԵՎՈՐԳՅԱՆ

## References
Ixtapangajoya

**Ixtapangajoya** is a toun an ane o the 119 municipalities o Chiapas, in soothren Mexico.

As o 2005, the municipality haed a total population o 4,707, wi 826 in the municipal seat. 
It covers an aurie o 201.2&nbsp;km².

## References
Saunt Helena

**Saunt Helena**, named efter Saunt&nbsp;Helena o Constantinople, is an island o volcanic origin in the Sooth Atlantic Ocean. It is pairt o the Breetish owerseas territory o Saunt Helena, Ascension an Tristan da Cunha, which also includes Ascension Island an the islands o Tristan da Cunha. Saunt Helena haes a population o 4,255 (2008 census).

## References
Charles Bronson

**Charles Dennis Buchinsky** (3 November 1921 &ndash; 30 August 2003) wis an actor from America. He wis known for his role as Paul Kersey in *[[Death Wish]]*.
Sarnaghbyur

:*For the toun in Gegharkunik Province, see [[Sarnakhpyur]].*

**Sarnaghbyur** (, Romanisit as **Sarnakhpyur**, **Sarrnaghbyur**, an **Sarnaghpyur** an aw; umwhile, **Sogyutlu**) is a toun in the Shirak Province o Armenie.

## References
*
*World Gazeteer: Armenia &ndash; World-Gazetteer.com
*
Toyota Camry

The **Toyota Camry** (; Japanese: トヨタ・カムリ) is a series o mid-size (oreeginally compact)  automobiles manufactured bi Toyota syne 1982, an sauld in the majority o automotive mercats throughoot the warld. Atween 1980 an 1982, the "Camry" nameplate wis delegatit tae a fower-door sedan, kent as the Toyota Celica Camry.
Shirakavan

:*For the modren veelage cried Shirakavan, see [[Shirakavan, Armenie]].*
**Shirakavan** (, spelt Shirakawan an aw) kent bi the name **Yerazgavors** wis a medieval Armenie toun that, durin the 9t century AD, servit as the caipital for the Bagratid Kinrick o Armenie. The dounset haed declined intae a sma veelage bi the end o the 19t century, an the steid (which nou lees athin Turkis territory) haes been pairtly floodit bi the watters o a dam biggit on the Akhurian River.

## Freemit airtins
*Shirakavan in virtualani.org
Anipemza

**Anipemza** (,) is a veelage an landwart commonty (municipality) in the Shirak Province o Armenie.  The Naitional Statistical Service o the Republic o Armenie (ARMSTAT) reportit its population wis 523 in 2010, up frae 349 at the 2001 census.

Anipemza is locatit on Armenie-Turkey border on a bank o Akhurian River on which opposite coast thare are ruins o the auncient Armenie ceety o Ani in Turkey. In 7&nbsp;km tae the north frae veelage thare is Ry station 'Ani' o Armenie Railweys. Anipemza wis foondit in 4t century bi Kamsarakan princes. The veelage Anipemza is weel kent for ruins o Yererouk basilica o 4t-5t century. Near tae veelage the industrial complex o biggin materials (processin o Pumice, Tuff, Andesite) is locatit.

## References
Lusaghbyur

**Lusaghbyur** or **Lusakhpyur** mey refer tae:
*Lusaghbyur, Aragatsotn, Armenie
*Lusaghbyur, Lori, Armenie
*Lusaghbyur, Shirak, Armenie
Haykadzor

**Haykadzor** (, Romanisit as **Aykadzor** an aw; umwhile, **Koshavank**; till 1930, **Ghzlkilisa**) is a toun in the Shirak Province o Armenie.

## References

*
*
Gusanagyugh

**Gusanagyugh** (, Romanisit as **Gusanagyukh** an aw; till 1977, **Ghapulu** or **Kapuli**) is a toun in the Shirak Province o Armenie. In 1977, the toun wis renamit efter the bard "Gusan" Nakhshikar Sargis.

## References

*
*
Dzithankov

**Dzithankov** (, Romanisit as **Dzit’hank’ov**, **Dzithanqov**, **Dzitkhankov**, an **Dzitankov** an aw; till 1966, **Bazirkhana** an **Bagirhana**) is a toun in the Shirak Province o Armenie.

## References

*
*World Gazeteer: Armenia &ndash; World-Gazetteer.com
*
Trinidad Zaachila

**Trinidad Zaachila** is a toun an municipality in Oaxaca in sooth-wastren Mexico. The municipality covers an aurie o  km². 
It is pairt o the Zaachila Destrict in the wast o the Valles Centrales Region

As o 2005, the municipality haed a total population o 880.

## References
Isahakyan

**Isahakyan** (, Romanised as **Isaakyan** an **Isahakian** an aw; afore the 1820s, **Kharum**; till 1945, **Ghazarabad**, **Khazarapat** an **Kazarapat**) is a toun in the Shirak Province o Armenie. The toun wis cried efter Ghazar Aga, that organised the defence o the toun again the Persiens in 1826-1828; later cried efter poet Avetik Isahakyan, that leeved thare.

## References

*
*
Jrapi

**Jrapi** (, Romanisit as **Jrap’i** an **Dzhrapi**) is a toun in the Shirak Province o Armenie. It wis biggit tae replace Nerkin Dzhrapi an Verin Dzhrapi whilk wis tae be fluidit bi the Akhurian reservoir.

## References
*
*
Elpida

**Elpida** () is a Greek wird which means "howp." Elpida mey refer tae:

## Fowk
*Elpida (sangster) (born 1949), a Greek sangster
*Elpida Tsouri (born 1961), a Member o Pairlament in Greece for the Panhellenic Socialist Muivement (PASOK)

## Ither
*Elpida Memory, a DRAM manufacturer an foondry
Amy Winehouse

**Amy Jade Winehouse** (14 September 1983&nbsp;– 23 Julie 2011) wis an Inglis sangster an sangwriter kent for her deep contralto vocals an her eclectic mix o muisical genres includin R&B, soul an jazz. Winehouse's 2003 debut album, *Frank*, wis creetically successful in the UK an wis nominatit for the Mercury Prize. Her 2006 follae-up album, *Back to Black*, led tae sax Grammy Award nominations an five wins, teein the then record for the maist wins bi a female airtist in a single nicht, an made Winehouse the first Breetish female tae win five Grammys, includin three o the "Big Four": Best New Artist, Record of the Year an Song of the Year.

In 2007 she wan a Brit Award for Best British Female Artist; she haed been nominatit for Best British Album an aw. She wan the Ivor Novello Award three times: ance in 2004 for Best Contemporary Song (muisically an leerically) for "Stronger Than Me", ance in 2007 for Best Contemporary Song for "Rehab", an ance in 2008 for Best Song Musically and Lyrically for "Love Is a Losing Game".

Winehouse dee'd o alcohol poisonin on 23 Julie 2011. Her album *Back to Black* posthumously became the UK's best-sellin album o the 21st century, at that point. In 2012, Winehouse wis leetit at nummer 26 on VH1's 100 Greatest Women in Music.

## Discografie
;Studio albums
* *Frank* (2003)
* *Back to Black* (2006)
* *Lioness: Hidden Treasures* (2011)

## Awairds an nominations
Amang the awairds an recognitions for *Frank*, Winehouse earned an Ivor Novello Award for Best Contemporary Song ("Stronger Than Me"), a BRIT Award nomination for Best Female Solo Artist, an a inclusion in Robert Dimery's 2006 beuk, *1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die*. *Back to Black* producit numerous nominations, includin twa BRIT Awards (Best Female Solo Artist an Best British Album), sax Grammy Awards (includin five wins), fower Ivor Novello Awards, fower MTV Europe Music Awards, three MTV Video Music Awards, three World Music Awards, an wis nominatit for the Mercury Prize (Album of the Year) an a MOBO Awards (Best UK Female). Durin her career, Winehouse receivit 23 awairds frae 60 nominations. In Februar 2012, Winehouse wis leetit at nummer 26 on VH1's 100 Greatest Women In Music.

## References
Rosaceae

**Rosaceae** (the  **rose faimily**) are a medium-sized faimily o flouerin plants, includin aboot 2830 speshies in 95 genera.  The name is derived frae the teep genus *[[Rose|Rosa]]*. Among the lairgest genera are *[[Alchemilla]]* (270), *[[Sorbus]]* (260), *[[Crataegus]]* (260), *[[Cotoneaster]]* (260), and *[[Rubus]]* (250).  The lairgest genus bi far is *[[Prunus]]* (plums, cherries, peaches, apricots an awmonds) wi aboot 430 speshies. However, aw o these numbers should be seen as unnerestimates - much taxonomic wirk is left tae be done here.

## References
Comitán

**Comitán** (formally: **Comitán de Domínguez**, for Belisario Domínguez) is the fowert-lairgest ceety in the Mexican state o Chiapas. It is the seat o govrenment o the municipality o the same name.

It is locatit in the east-central pairt o Chiapas, near the mairch wi Guatemala. In the 2005 census the population wis 83,571 fowk. Its municipality tot wis 121,263. The municipality haes an aurie o 1,043.30&nbsp;km² (402.82 sq mi). Its lairgest ither commonty is the toun o Villahermosa Yalumá.

The oreeginal name gien bi the local Maya fowkes is **Balún Canán** ("Nine starns"). It wis later chyngit tae **Comitán de las Flores** an, in 1915, tae **Comitán de Domínguez**,  efter Dr. Belisario Domínguez, who gae a memorable speech in Congress against the dictator Victoriano Huerta for which he wis murthert.

Comitán is a popular tourist destination an aw, maistly for Mexican naitionals, tho some foreign visitors can be seen an aw.  The toun itsel is ane o the maist pleasant an pretty in Mexico, wi colonial airchitectur, nairae avenues, an clean streets.  The climate is ceul maist o the year, an can get quite chilly frae October tae Mairch.  The toun square is active amaist ivery nicht, wi live muisic, or some kynd o presentation/play (tho aften thay seem taeo be somewha evangelical).  The main road (currently unner repairs) intae an oot o toun is plantit wi flouers an monuments tae mony o the states o Mexico.

## References

*Link to tables of population data from Census of 2005  INEGI: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática
*Chiapas  Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México

## Freemit airtins
* Ayuntamiento de Comitán offeecial wabsteid
Ixtacomitán

**Ixtacomitán** is a toun an ane o the 119 Municipalities o Chiapas, in soothren Mexico.

As o 2005, the municipality haed a total population o 9,143 . It covers an aurie o 149&nbsp;km².

## References
Octave Mirbeau

** Octave Mirbeau** (16 Februar 1848 – 16 Februar 1917) wis a French author, journalist, anarchist an atheist agitator, essayist, novelist, playwricht an airt critic.

He wrat novelles (*Le Jardin des supplices*, 1899, *Le Journal d’une femme de chambre*, 1900), short stories (*Contes cruels*, 1990)  an comedies (*Les affaires sont les affaires*, 1903). His first novelle wis *Le Calvaire* (1886).

## Warks

* *Le Calvaire* (1886).
* *L'Abbé Jules* (1888).
* *Sébastien Roch* (1890).
* *Les Mauvais bergers* (1897).
* *Le Jardin des supplices* (1899).
* *Le Journal d'une femme de chambre* (1900).
* *Les affaires sont les affaires* (1903).
* *Farces et moralités* (1904).
* *La 628-E8* (1907).
* *Le Foyer* (1908).
* * Dingo* (1913).
* *Contes cruels* (1990).
* *Lettres de l’Inde* (1991).
* *Combats esthétiques* (1993).
* *Combats littéraires* (2006).

## Fremmit Airtins

* Société Octave Mirbeau.
*  ''Dictionnaire Octave Mirbeau''.

## References
Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Iceland

__NOTOC__
This is a leet o places in Iceland havin standin links tae local communties in ether kintras. In maist cases, the association, especially when formalised bi local govrenment, is kent as "toun twinnin" (tho ether terms, sic as "partner touns" or "sister ceeties" are whiles uised insteid), an while maist o the places included are touns, the leet an aw comprises veelages, ceeties, destricts, coonties, etc. wi seemilar links.

## [[Akureyri]]

*  Randers, Denmark
*  Lahti, Finland

*  Ålesund, Norawa
*  Murmansk, Roushie

*  Västerås, Swaden

## [[Álftanes]]

*  Næstved, Denmark
*  Raumo, Finland

*  Gjøvik, Norawa

*  Gävle, Swaden

## [[Blönduós]]

*  Horsens, Denmark

*  Moss, Norawa 

## [[Fjarðabyggð]]

*  Jyväskylä, Finland *(syne 1958)*

## [[Grundarfjörður]]

*  Paimpol, Fraunce

## [[Hafnarfjörður]]

*  Tartu, Estonie
*  Cuxhaven, Germany

*  Flensburg, Germany

*  Uppsala, Swaden *(syne 1947)*

## [[Húsavík]]

*  Aalborg, Denmark *(syne 1966)*
*  Fuglafjørður, Faroe Islands
*  Riihimaki, Finland

*  Qeqertarsuaq, Greenland
*  Fredrikstad, Norawa
*  Karlskoga, Swaden

*  Eastport, Unitit States

## [[Hveragerði]]

*  Örnsköldsvik, Swaden

## [[Ísafjörður]]

*  Runavík, Faroe Islands
*  Joensuu, Finland

*  Nanortalik, Greenland
*  Tönsberg, Norawa

*  Linköping, Swaden

## [[Kópavogur]]

*  Odense, Denmark *(syne 1964)*
*  Klaksvík, Faroe Islands *(syne 1967)*
*  Mariehamn, Finland *(syne 1974)*

*  Tampere, Finland *(syne 1964)*
*  Tasiilaq, Greenland *(syne 1976)*
*  Trondheim, Norawa *(syne 1946)*

*  Norrköping, Swaden *(syne 1964)</small>


==[[Ólafsfjörður]]==

*  [[Hillerød]], [[Denmark]]

==[[Ólafsvík]]==

* [[Tórshavn]], [[Faroe Islands]]

==[[Reykjavík]]==



*  [[Winnipeg]], [[Manitoba]], [[Canadae]] <small>*(syne 1971)''
*  Copenhagen, Denmark
*  Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
*  Helsinki, Finland
*  Nuuk, Greenland

*  Vilnius, Lithuanie
*  Strumica, Macedonie
*  Oslo, Norawa
*  Moscow, Roushie
*  Saunt Petersburg, Roushie

*  Stockholm, Swaden
*  Kingston upon Hull, Unitit Kinrick
*  Seattle, Washington, Unitit States
*  Caracas, Venezuela

## [[Selfoss]]

*  Fuglafjørður, Faroe Islands

## [[Skagafjörður]]

*  Kongsberg, Norawa

## [[Stykkishólmur]]

*  Kolding, Denmark

## References
Loveday Jenkin

**Loveday Jenkin** is a Cornish naitionalist politeecian.

Jenkin is the dochter o Richard an Ann Jenkin, key figurs in Cornish naitionalist poleetical pairty Mebyon Kernow.  She studiet plant bioscience at Cardiff University an the University of Cambridge, an wirkit at a local conservation charity.

In 1990, she was elected as leader of Mebyon Kernow, then at a low ebb.  She served until 1997, focusing on reviving the party's electoral performance.  She stood as the party's candidate for Cornwall and West Plymouth at the 1994 European election, taking 1.5% of the vote.  Soon after, she was elected to Kerrier District Council, representing the Crowan district.  She has subsequently stood for Parliament on a number of occasions.  At the 2010 UK general election, she stood in Camborne and Redruth, taking 775 votes.  She was elected to Cornwall Council in a 2011 by-election, representing the Wendron district.

Jenkin is a lecturer at the Camborne School of Mines, whaur she haes undertaken studies inae Japanese knotweed,  She is a bard o the Gorsedh Kernow an aw, haes served as Cornwall's Great Trees Officer, an chairs the Cornish Language Fellowship.  Jenkin haes twa childer, who wur brocht up speakin Cornish as their first leid.

## References
Ólafsvík

**Ólafsvík** is a fishin port in Iceland.

It is situatit near the wastren end o the Snæfellsnes peninsulae, on the north coast o the peninsulae. It is on route 54, atween Grundarfjörður an Hellissandur. At 23 degrees 42 minutes wast, it is the wastmaist dounset o its size in Europe.

Admeenistratively it is in the coonty o Snæfellsnes- og Hnappadalssýsla, in the region o Vesturland an it is the admeenistrative centre o the municipality o Snæfellsbær.

, it haed 1,010 inhabitants.

## Owerview
Aiblins acause o its situation on the bay o Breiðafjörður, the veelage wis the first in Iceland tae receive a commercial licence frae the King o Denmark, in the 17t century. Ólafsvík's economy is based on fishin industrie an commerce, an proveesion o services for fermers in the aurie.

The aurie o Ólafsvík provides mony opportunities for tourists, such as birdwatchin, hikin trails, lang sandy beaches, an snawmobilin on the Snæfellsjökull glacier, juist 10&nbsp;km awa (awtho the road is closed for hintle o the year).

At nearbi Hellissandur is the tawest structur in Wastren Europe, the Gufuskálar radio mast, 412 metres heich.

## See an aw
*Volcanism in Iceland
*Leet o dounsets in Iceland

## References

## Freemit airtins
*Ólafsvík website 
*Ólafsvík photo
Snæfellsbær

**Snæfellsbær** is a municipality locatit in wastren Iceland.

As o 1 Januar 2011, it haed a tot population o 1,723. The tot area is 684&nbsp;km². Its admeenistrative centre is Ólafsvík an maist o the residents bide in Ólafsvík, Rif an Hellissandur.

## See an aw
*Búðir
*Snæfellsnes
*Djúpalónssandur

## References
Nyuksenitsa

**Nyuksenitsa** () is a landwart locality (a *[[veelage#Roushie|selo]]*) an the admeenistrative centre o Nyuksensky Destrict, Vologda Oblast, Roushie, locatit on the left bank of the Sukhona River. It serves as the admeenistrative centre o Beryozovsky an Nyuksensky Selsoviets an aw, twa o the eleiven selsoviets intae which the destrict is admeenistratively dividit. Municipally, it is the admeenistrative centre o Nyuksenskoye Landwart Dounset. Population: 

## History
Nyuksenitsa haes been first mentioned in 1619. At the time, the Sukhona wis intensively uised as a transport watterwey, connectin Moscow tae Arkhangelsk, till 1703 the main hub o Roushie foreign trade. In 19t century, Nyuksenitsa belangit tae Velikoustyugsky Uyezd o Vologda Govrenorate. In 1918, the aurie wis transferred tae the newly established Northren Dvina Govrenorate, an in 1924 the uyezds wur abolished in favor o the new diveesions, the destricts (raions).

Nyuksensky Destrict wis establisht on 25 Juin 1924 an includit auries o umwhile Solvychegodsky an Velikoustyugsky Uyezds. On 27 Februar 1928, it wis renamit intae Sukhonsky Destrict. On 30 Julie 1931 Sukhonsky an Kokshengsky Destricts o the Northren Krai wur mergit, an Nyuksensky Destrict wis re-establisht, wi the admeenistrative center again locatit in Nyuksenitsa.

## Economy
### Industrie
In Nyuksenitsa, timber an fuid industrie are present, includin a milk factory.

### Transportation
Nyuksenitsa is on the road connectin Vologda an Veliky Ustyug, an in Nyuksenitsa the road muives ower the brig frae the left bank tae the richt bank o the Sukhona. Anither pavit road branches aff in Nyuksenitsa northwast tae Tarnogsky Gorodok an further tae Oktyabrsky in Arkhangelsk Oblast. Thare is regular passenger bus service on baith roads.

The Sukhona is navigable athin the destrict, housomeivver, thare is nae passenger navigation.

Nyuksenitsa haes an ile-pumpin station in the Baltic Pipeline System.

## Cultur an recreation
Nyuksenitsa hosts the Destrict is the Nyuksenitsa Regional Museum.

## References
### Notes

### Sources
*
*
*
Lipin Bor

**Lipin Bor** () is a rural locality (a *[[veelage#Roushie|selo]]*) an the admeenistrative centre o Vashkinsky Destrict, Vologda Oblast, Roushie, locatit on the northren shore o Lake Beloye. It serves as the admeenistrative centre o Lipinoborsky Selsoviet an aw, ane o the twal selsoviets intae which the destrict is admeenistratively dividit. Municipally, it is the admeenistrative centre o Lipinoborskoye Landwart Dounset. Population: 

## History
Lipin Bor wis foondit in 1938. The admeenistrative centre o Vashkinsky Destrict wis immediately transferred tae Lipin Bor frae the *selo* o Vashki.

## Economy
### Industrie
In Lipin Bor, thare are fuid industrie an timber industrie enterprises.

### Transportation
Thare is a heich-gate connectin Vologda an Vytegra which passes several kilometres frae Lipin Bor. Anither road branches aff sooth, runnin via Lipin Bor tae Belozersk. Thare are local roads wi bus traffic an aw.

Lake Beloye is a pairt o the Volga–Baltic Watterwey (umwhile kent as the Mariinsk Canal System), connectin the Rybinsk Reservoir in the river basin o the Volga and Lake Onega in the river basin o the Neva.

## Cultur an recreation
The Trinity Kirk (1792) in Lipin Bor haes been designatit as an airchitectural monument o local significance.

Vashkinsky Destrict Museum is locatit in Lipin Bor.

The hicht o a telemast in Lipin Bor is , which maks it ane o the tawest telemasts in Roushie.

## References
### Notes

### Sources
*
*
*
Santa Isabel, Chihuahua

**Santa Isabel** is a sma toun in the Mexican state o Chihuahua. It serves as the municipal seat for the surroondin municipality o Santa Isabel. 

As o 2005, Santa Isabel haed a total population o 1412. 
## References
West Valley City, Utah

**West Valley City** is a ceety in Salt Lake Coonty an a suburb o Salt Lake City in the U.S. state o Utah. The population wis 129,480 at the 2010 census, makin it the seicont-lairgest ceety in Utah. Prior tae its incorporation as a ceety, it wis commonly kent bi the communities o Hunter, Granger, Chesterfield, an Redwood.

## References
Álftanes

**Álftanes** is a toun, an law-lyin peninsulae which extrudes frae the eastren pairt o Reykjanes, locatit in Iceland's Greater Reykjavík aurie.

Álftanes haes a population o 2,484 as o Januar 2011. The veelage o Álftanes is locatit on Álftanes, as is the residence o the Preses o Iceland, Bessastaðir.

The municipality o Álftanes wis mergit intae the neebourin municipality o Garðabær in Januar 2013.http://grapevine.is/News/ReadArticle/Merger-Of-Alftanes-And-Gardabaer-Approved

## References
Samashki

**Samashki** (; ) is a landwart locality (a *[[veelage#Roushie|selo]]*) in Achkhoy-Martanovsky Destrict o Chechnie, Roushie, locatit on the wastren plains. Population:  

## History
Syne 1992, it is a border veelage wi the Republic o Ingushetie. The pre-war population of Samashki coontit aboot 14,600 fowk (aboot 12,000 in October 1999).

Durin baith Chechen Wars the veelage suffered greatly frae the hostilities, maist notably in the notorious Aprile 1995 incident kent as Samashki massacre which resultit in the daiths o mair nor 100 tae 300 civilians.

In Mairch 1996 anither attack on the toun teuk the form o a full-scale assault wi apparent disregard for the civilian lives; accordin tae Human Rights Watch, Roushie forces uised civilians as a human shields on APCs. Reports suggestit some 500 civilians wur killed aathegither in the result o the Aprile 1995 an Mairch 1996 attacks. The next month, Roushie journalist Nadezhda Chaikova, who haed filmit the effects o the 1996 attack, wis killed execution-style in Chechnie.

A devastatin airtillery an rocket attack on Samashki teuk place in October 1999 at the beginnin o the Seicont Chechen War, despite the demilitarization o the veelage, killin or injurin dozens o residents on the day o 27 October 1999 alane, accordin tae HRW. At the time, the deputy commander o the North Caucasus Militar Destrict annooncit that thare wur anerly "bandits an terrorists" in Samashki, but a report for the Breetish pairlament claimit civilians wur killed in revenge for the hivy casualties suffered thare bi Roushie forces durin the first war.

Federal forces reporti a lairge-scale operation in Samashki in Mey 2000.

## Transportation
A railway line frae Nazran tae Grozny runs throu Samashki. The Rostov&ndash;Baku Heich-gate, which connects Nazran, Grozny, an Gudermes, lees fower kilometres tae the sooth o Samashki.

## References
Khankala

**Khankala** (, ) is a dounset in Groznensky Destrict o the Chechen Republic, Roushie, locatit tae the east o Grozny, the republic's caipital. Population: 

The dounset is the location o a Roushie militar base, the heidquairters o the 42nt Motor Rifle Diveesion, an a airstrip.  It wis the steid o the Battle o Khankala in 1994.

## See an aw
*2002 Khankala Mi-26 crash

## References
Shatoy

**Shatoy** (; ) is a landwart locality (a *[[veelage#Roushie|selo]]*) an the admeenistrative centre o Shatoysky Destrict o the Chechen Republic, Roushie. Population:  

It is hame o unnergrund rebel Preses Dokka Umarov.

## References
Richard Griffiths

**Richard Griffiths** (31 Julie 1947 – 28 Mairch 2013) wis an actor frae Ingland. He wis kent for his role as Uncle Vernon Dursley in *[[Harry Potter]]*.

## References
1953

Year **1953** (**[[Roman numerals|MCMLIII]]**) wis a common year stairtin on Thursday o the Gregorian calendar.

## Events
* Julie 27 &ndash; The Korean War ends wi the Korean Airmistice Agreement: Unitit Naitions Command (Korea) (Unitit States), Fowkrepublic o Cheenae, North Korea sign an airmistice agreement at Panmunjom and the north remains communist while the sooth remains caipitalist.

## See awso
*:Category:1953 daiths
*Years o the XIXt an XXt centuries
Black Sea

The **Black Sea** is a sea in sooth-eastren Europe. It is bund bi Europe, Anatolie an the Caucasus an is ultimately connectit tae the Atlantic Ocean via the Mediterranean an the Aegean Seas an sindrie straits. The Bosphorus Strait connects it tae the Sea o Marmara, an the Strait o the Dardanelles connects that sea tae the Aegean Sea region o the Mediterranean. Thir watters sinders eastren Europe an wastren Asie. The Black Sea is connectit tae the Sea o Azov forby, bi the Strait o Kerch.
White (disambiguation)

**[[White]]** is a colour.

**White**(**s**) or **The White** mey also refer tae:

## Ainimals
* White (horse), a horse colourin
* ''White'' (mutation), a colour mutation in fruit flees
* *[[Pierinae]]*, a subfaimily o butterflees commonly cried the Whites
* ''Pieris'' (butterflee), a genus o Pierinae commonly cried the Whites or Gairden Whites
* ''Appias'' (genus), anither genus o Pierinae sometimes cried the Whites
* *[[Pontia]]*, a third genus o Pierinae sometimes cried the Whites

## Airts
* White (baund), a progressive rock muisical group
* **, a 2011 Sooth Korean horror film
* ''White'' (Show-Ya album), a 1988 album bi Show-Ya
* ''White'' (Angela Aki album)
* ''The White'' (EP), a 2008 hivy metal recordin bi Agalloch
* *[[The White EP]]*, a 1982 punk recordin bi the Pop-O-Pies
* "White", a sang bi LIGHTS frae *[[Lights (EP)|Lights]]*
* White Amp, a muisical equipment buist
* ''White'' (BBC series), a Breetish documentary
* ''Whites'' (TV series), a BBC sitcom
* *[[Three Colors: White]]*, a 1994 film bi Krzysztof Kieślowski
* ''White'' (novel), bi Ted Dekker
* *The White: Last Days in the Antairctic Journeys o Scott an Mawson 1911–1913*, a novel bi Adrian Caesar
* The White, a fictional group in the Age o the Five novel trilogy bi Trudi Canavan
* *[[White Dug Fell frae the Sky]]*, a 2013 novel bi Eleanor Morse

## Fowk
* White (surname), a faimily name
* White Skin, fowk wi licht skin colour
* White fowk, a population group identified in some kintras
** White American, a Unitit States Census Bureau designaition
* Bai fowk, a Cheenese ethnic group
* White an Black in chess
* Mary White (disambiguation), several meanins

## Places
* White, Georgie, U.S.
* White, Sooth Dakota, U.S.

## Ether uises
* White's, a London gentleman's club
* White muivement, a Roushie poleetical movement
** White (poleetical adjective), association wi the White movement
* White Airways, a Portuguese airline
* White Motor Company, an automobile maker
* White's Boots, a Unitit States buitmakkin company
* Cricket whites, the uniform worn bi cricketers
* "Chef's whites" is a term for a chef's uniform
* Egg white, the clear liquid in an egg
* Swansea RFC or The Whites, a Welsh rugby union team
* "Whites" is an archaic term for leukorrhea, a medical condeetion
* Sclera, the white pairt o an ee; commonly cried the "white o the ee"
* White Day, a holiday in Japan, Sooth Korea, Taiwan an Cheenae on March 14.  Celebratit ane month efter Valentines day, for men tae buy chocolate for women in return for their Valentine's Day gifts.

## See also
* Leet o fowk kent as the White
* Whyte (disambiguation)
* Wight (disambiguation)
John Hemmingham

**John Hemmingham** (born 26 February 1963) is a fitbaa administrator an a supporter of Ingland's fitbaa team. He is best kent as the trumpet player of the "Pukka Pies England Band", stairtin in 1993.

## References
San Pedro del Gallo

** San Pedro del Gallo** is a ceety an seat o the municipality o San Pedro del Gallo, in the state o Durango, north-wastren Mexico. 

## References
San Pedro del Gallo Municipality

**San Pedro del Gallo** is ane o the 39 municipalities o Durango, in north-wastren Mexico. The municipal seat lees at San Pedro del Gallo. The municipality covers an aurie o 2,008.3&nbsp;km².

As o 2005, the municipality haed a tot population o 1,486.

## References
Peñalolén

**Peñalolén** (Mapudungun "fraternal meetin place") is a Chilean commune in Santiago Province, Santiago Metropolitan Region. It wis foondit on 15 November 1984.

## Demografics
Accordin tae the 2002 census o the Naitional Statistics Institute, Peñalolén spans an aurie o  an haes 216,060 inhabitants (105,528 men an 110,532 weemen), makkin the commune an entirely urban aurie. The population grew bi 20.2% (36,279 bodies) atween the 1992 an 2002 censuses.

;Stats
*Aurie: 54.2&nbsp;km²
*Population: 238,177 (2006 projection)
*Average annual hoosehauld income: US$23,856 (PPP, 2006)
*Population belaw poverty line: 8.7% (2006)
*Regional quality o life index: 74.35, medium, 26 oot o 52 (2005)
*Human Development Index: 0.743, 52 oot o 341 (2003)

## Admeenistration
As a commune, Peñalolén is a third-level admeenistrative diveesion o Chile admeenistered bi a municipal cooncil, heidit bi an alcalde who is directly electit ivery fower years. The 2008-2012 alcalde is Claudio Orrego Larraín (PDC).

### Mayors
Syne 1984, Peñalolén haes haed sax mayors:
*María Angélica Cristi (1984–1989, appointit bi Pinochet)
*Carlos Alarcón (1989–1993, appointit bi Aylwin)
*Carlos Echeverría (1993–1996)
*Carlos Alarcón (1997–2004)
*Claudio Orrego (2004-2012)
*Carolina Leitao (2012-*present*)

Athin the electoral diveesions o Chile, Peñalolén is representit in the Chamber o Deputies bi Enrique Accorsi (PPD) an María Angélica Cristi (UDI) as pairt o the 24t electoral destrict, (thegither wi La Reina). The commune is representit in the Senate bi Soledad Alvear (PDC) an Pablo Longueira (UDI) as pairt o the 8t senatorial constituency (Santiago-East).

## Universities
*Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez
*Universidad Internacional SEK Chile

## References

## Freemit airtins
*  Municipality o Peñalolén
Ñuñoa

**Ñuñoa** (frae Mapudungun *Ñuñohue*, "place o yellae flouers") is a commune o Chile locatit in Santiago Province, Santiago Metropolitan Region.  Its indwallers are primarily middle an upper-middle class.

Ñuñoa boasts bustlin public an private sector businesses an a public transportation seestem capable o reachin aw pairts o the municipality.  Maist o Ñuñoa's commercial activity is localisit alang the Irarrázaval Avenue, a 6-km road that runs athort the entire municipality frae east tae wast, an centred in Plaza Ñuñoa, an aurie kent for its Bohemie nicht life.
Ñuñoa is hame tae Chile’s lairgest fitbaa stadium an aw an tae Santiago’s anerlie mosque.

Ñuñoa haes been chosen in 2007, for the third consecutive year, as the municipality wi the heichest livin staundart o Santiago.

Bein the auldest commune o the tradeetional east pairt o Santiago, it haes kent tae assimilate aw the benefits o a big ceety (Metro, banks, Shoppin maw, etc.) while still maintainin its character as a tradeetional an residential commune.
Recently, the municipality's mony attractions an convenient location hae led tae an increased desire bi young urban profeesionals tae live thare. The commercial response haes been tae purchase properties on which tae erect multiple-unit biggins, which haes triggered creeticism frae lang-time residents.

## Demografics
Accordin tae the 2002 census o the Naitional Statistics Institute, Ñuñoa spans an aurie o  an haes 163,511 indwallers (73,215 men an 90,296 weemen), makkin the commune an entirely urban aurie. The population fell bi 5.3% (9064 bodies) atween the 1992 an 2002 censuses. The 2009 population wis projected tae be 149,205.

### Stats
*Autonomous hoosehauld income per caipita: US$14,409 (PPP, 2006)
*Population belaw poverty line: 4.3% (2006)
*Regional quality o life index: 87.66, heich, 1 oot o 52 (2005)
*Human Development Index: 0.860, 6 oot o 341 (2003)

### Notable residents

*Soledad Alvear, senator
*Gutenberg Martinez, politeecian
*Jorge Arrate, politeecian
*José Balmes, painter
*Fanny Pollarolo, umwhile deputy
*Mercedes Valdivieso, writer
*José Miguel Varas, jurnalist
*Alvaro Diaz Arambulo, filosofer
*Fernando Villegas, writer an poleetical commentator
*Alex Deferrari, muisicker
*José Luis Rosasco, writer
*Poli Delano, writer
*Orlando Ezquerra, muisicker

## Admeenistration
As a commune, Ñuñoa is a third-level admeenistrative diveesion o Chile admeenistered bi a municipal cooncil, heidit bi an alcalde who is directly electit ivery fower years. The 2008-2012 alcalde is Pedro Sabat Pietracaprina (RN).

Athin the electoral diveesions o Chile, Ñuñoa is representit in the Chamber o Deputies bi Jorge Burgos (PDC) an Marcela Sabat (RN) as pairt o the 21st electoral destrict, (thegither wi Providencia). The commune is representit in the Senate bi Soledad Alvear (PDC) an Pablo Longueira (UDI) as pairt o the 8t senatorial constituency (Santiago-East).

## References

## Freemit airtins
*  Municipality o Ñuñoa
Chilapa de Álvarez (municipality)

**Chilapa de Álvarez** is ane o the 81 municipalities o Guerrero, in sooth-wastren Mexico. The municipal seat lees at Chilapa de Álvarez.  The municipality covers a aurie of 566.8&nbsp;km².

As o 2005, the municipality haed a total population o 105,146. 

## References
Chilapa de Álvarez

**Chilapa de Álvarez**, informally kent as **Chilapa**, is a municipality in the Mexican state o Guerrero, approximately 54 kilometres east o state caipital Chilpancingo. It is a vera auld toun, its first offeecial chairter wis issued bi the Aztec govrenment in the 15t century, efter the aurie's conquest bi Moctezuma I in 1458. The Spaingie offeecially designatit the toun as *Chilapa de Santa Maria de Asuncion* in 1522, in the late 19t century it wis renamit *Chilapa de Álvarez* in honor o Mexican preses Juan Álvarez. Traces o human occupation in the aurie date tae at least 1200 BC.

The year 2000 census coontit 102,853 bodies in the municipality.

Chilapa is notit for its muckle Seturday *[[tianguis]]*, or Aztec mercat. Local culinar specialities o Chilapa are pozole, chalupas, *pan de chilapa* bread, an hamemade mezcal. The municipal cathedral haes a mechanical figurine o Juan Diego, who appears at a windae in the cathedral spire an drops rose petals ontae the plaza belaw.

## Freemit airtins
*Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México - Chilapa de Álvarez 
* Wab page wi many photos o Chilapa de Alvarez - Chilapa Web
Aires Puros

**Aires Puros** is a *[[barrio]]* (neebourheid or destrict) o Montevideo, Uruguay. It borders Lavalleja an Paso de las Duranas tae the northwast, Casavalle tae the northeast, Cerrito an Brazo Oriental tae the sootheast, Atahualpa an Prado tae the sootheast. Its northwast border is the Miguelete river wi Millan Avenue crossin it ower the historic *Paso de las Duranas* brig. Juist afore the brig, is the northeast end o Prado pairk, whaur the famous Juan Manuel Blanes Museum an the Japanese Garden are locatit. Athort thaim is the Parque Posadas residential complex o biggins.

## Images
Estación Central

**Estación Central** (Spaingie for "central station") is a commune o Chile locatit in Santiago Province, Santiago Metropolitan Region. Thair namesake is the Estación Central railwey station locatit in the commune.

## Demografics
Accordin tae the 2002 census o the Naitional Statistics Institute, Estación Central spans an aurie o  an haes 130,394 indwallers (63,939 men an 66,455 weemen), makkin the commune an entirely urban aurie. The population fell bi 7.5% (10,502 fowk) atween the 1992 an 2002 censuses. The 2006 population wis projectit tae be 121,282 fowk.

### Stats
*Average annual hoosehauld income: $21,601 (PPP, 2006)
*Population belaw poverty line: 7.3% (2006)
*Regional quality o life index: 76.38, mid-heich, 22 oot o 52 (2005)
*Human Development Index: 0.735, 60 oot o 341 (2003)

## Admeenistration
As a commune, Estación Central is a third-level admeenistrative diveesion o Chile admeenistered bi a municipal cooncil, heidit bi an alcalde who is directly electit ivery fower years. The 2008-2012 alcalde is Rodrigo Delgado Mocarquier (UDI).

Athin the electoral diveesions o Chile, Estación Central is representit in the Chamber o Deputies bi Pepe Auth (PPD) an Mónica Zalaquett (UDI) as pairt o the 20t electoral destrict, which consists entirely o the Santiago commune. The commune is representit in the Senate bi Guido Girardi Lavín (PPD) an Jovino Novoa Vásquez (UDI) as pairt o the 7t senatorial constituency (Santiago-Wast).

## References

## Freemit airtins
*Municipality hamepage 
*Virtual Tour in 360° o Estación Central | Flip360