open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Rudolf Mössbauer

**Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer** (German spellin: *Mößbauer*; 31 Januar 1929 – 14 September 2011) wis a German pheesicist best kent for his 1957 discovery o *recoilless nuclear resonance fluorescence* for which he wis awairdit the 1961 Nobel Prize in Pheesics.

## References
Pape Gregory VII

**Saunt Gregory VII** (;  1015/1028 – 25 Mey 1085), born **Hildebrand o Sovana** (), wis Pape frae 22 Aprile 1073 tae his daith in 1085. Gregory VII wis beatified bi Pape Gregory XIII in 1584 an canonised in 1728 bi Pape Benedict XIII.

## References
Pape Benedict XIII

**Pape Benedict XIII** (; 2 Februar 1649 – 21 Februar 1730), born **Pietro Francesco Orsini**, O.P., wis pape frae 29 Mey 1724 tae his daith in 1730.

## References
Pape Benedict XIV

**Pape Benedict XIV** (; 31 Mairch 1675 – 3 Mey 1758), born **Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini**, wis pape frae 17 August 1740 tae his daith in 1758.

## Fowk named in his honour

#Infanta Benedita o Portugal (sister o Queen Maria I o Portugal kent as the "Dowager Princess o Brazil")
#Prince Benedetto o Savoy, Duke o Chablais (son o Victor Amadeus II)

## References
Pape Urban II

**Pape Urban II** (; &nbsp;– 29 Julie 1099), born **Odo o Châtillon** or **Otho de Lagery**, wis pape frae 12 Mairch 1088 tae his daith in 1099. He is best kent for initiatin the First Crusade (1096–99) an settin up the modren-day Roman Curia in the manner o a ryal ecclesiastical coort tae help run the Kirk.

## References
Felix Bloch

**Felix Bloch** (23 October 1905 – 10 September 1983) wis a Swiss born American pheesicist, wirkin mainly in the U.S.

## References
Equation

In mathematics, an **equation** is an equality containin ane or mair variables. *Solvin* the equation consists o determinin which values o the variables mak the equality true.
## See also
* Differential equation
** Ordinary differential equation
*** Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations
** Pairtial differential equation
*** Numerical methods for pairtial differential equations
## External links
* Winplot: General Purpose plotter for 2D & 3D mathematical equations.
* Equation plotter
Pape Paschal II

**Pape Paschal II** (; 1050&nbsp;&nbsp;1055&nbsp;– 21 Januar 1118), born **Ranierius**, wis Pape frae 13 August 1099 tae his daith in 1118.
Merovingian dynasty

The **Merovingians** () war a Salian Frankish dynasty that ruled the Franks for nearly 300 year in a region kent as Francie in Laitin, beginnin in the middle o the 5t century.
Isaac Asimov

**Isaac Asimov** (; born **Isaak Yudovich Ozimov**; *circa* Januar 2, 1920 – Aprile 6, 1992) wis an American author an professor o biochemistry at Boston Varsity, best kent for his wirks o science feection an for his popular science beuks. Asimov wis a proleefic writer that wrote or eeditit mair nor 500 beuks an an estimatit 90,000 letters an postcairds. His beuks hae been published in 9 o the 10 major categories o the Dewey Decimal Clessification.

Asimov wrote haurd science feection. Alang wi Robert A. Heinlein an Arthur C. Clarke, Asimov wis conseedert ane o the "Big Three" science feection writers in his lifetime. Asimov's maist famous wark is the "Foundation" series; his ither major series are the "Galactic Empire" series an the Robot series. The Galactic Empire novelles are set in earlier history o the same feectional universe as the Foundation series. Later, wi *[[Foundation and Earth]]* (1986), he airtit this distant futur tae the Robot stories, creautin a unifee'd "future history" for his stories muckle lik thae pioneered bi Robert A. Heinlein an previously produced bi Cordwainer Smith an Poul Anderson. He wrote hunders o short stories, includin the social science feection novelette "Nightfall"; in 1964, it wis votit the best short science feection story o aw time bi the Science Fiction Writers of America. Asimov wrote the ''Lucky Starr'' series o juvenile science-feection novelles uisin the pen name Paul French.

Asimov an aw wrote mysteries an fantasy, as weel as muckle nonfeection. Maist o his popular science beuks expleen concepts in a historical wey, gaein as faur back as possible tae a time whan the science in quaisten wis at its semplest stage. Ensaumples include *[[The Intelligent Man's Guide to Science|Guide to Science]]*, the three-vollum set *[[Understanding Physics]]*, an *Asimov's Chronology of Science and Discovery*, as weel as warks on chemistry, astronomy, mathematics, history, an William Shakespeare's writins.

He wis preses o the American Humanist Association. The asteroid 5020 Asimov, a crater on the planet Maurs, a Brooklyn primar schuil, an a leeterar awaird are named in his honour.

## Notes

## References
Erich Raeder

**Großadmiral Erich Johann Albert Raeder** (24 Aprile 1876 – 6 November 1960) wis a naval leader in Germany who played a major role in the naval history o Warld War II.
Clark Gregg

**Robert Clark Gregg** (born 2 Apryle 1962) is an American actor, screenwriter an director.  He haes played Phil Coulson in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, appearin in *[[Iron Man (2008 film)|Iron Man]]* (2008), *[[Iron Man 2]]* (2010), *[[Thor (film)|Thor]]* (2011), *[[The Avengers (2012 film)|Marvel's The Avengers]]* (2012), an the telly series *[[Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.|Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.]].* He vyces the chairacter on the animate telly series *[[Ultimate Spider-Man (TV series)|Ultimate Spider-Man]]* an in the gemme *[[Lego Marvel Super Heroes]]* an aw. Gregg haes forby co-starred as Christine Campbell's umwhile guidman Richard in the CBS sitcom *[[The New Adventures of Old Christine]]*, whilk debuted in Mairch 2006 an concludit in May 2010. He played FBI Special Agent Mike Casper on the NBC series *[[The West Wing]]* an Cam, Jack's on-an-aff jo (an Grace's client) on the NBC series *[[Will & Grace]]* an aw.

## References

## Freemit airtins

* 
* 
*
Charente-Maritime

**Charente-Maritime** () is a depairtment on the soothwastren coast o Fraunce named efter the Charente River.
Abraj Al Bait

The **Abraj Al-Bait Touers**, kent as the **Makkah Ryal Clock Touer Hotel** an aw, is a govrenment-awned skyscraper biggin complex in Mecca, Saudi Arabie.

## References
Cannabis

**Cannabis** () is a flouerin plant that includes three species (an seiven taxa) or sub-species, ''sativa'', ''indica'', an ''ruderalis''. The plant is indigenous tae Central Asie an the Indian Subcontinent.

Globally, i 2013, 60,400 kilograms o cannabis wis producit legally. I 2014 thare wis an estimatit 182.5 million cannabis users (3.8% o the population aged 15–64). This percentage didnae change significantly atween 1998 an 2014.

## Etymology
The wird weed is fae Greek  (**) (see Laitin ), that wis oreeginally Scythian or Thracian. It's relatit tae the Persie leid kanab, the Inglis canvas an possibly the Inglis hemp (Auld Inglis ).

## References
Cannabis sativa

***Cannabis sativa*** is an annual yerbaceous plant in the *[[Cannabis]]* genus, a species o the Cannabaceae faimily. Fowk hae cultivatit *Cannabis sativa* ootthrou recordit history as a soorce o industrial fibre, seed ile, fuid, recreation, releegious an spiritual muids, an medicine.
Cannabaceae

**Cannabaceae** is a smaw faimily o flouerin plants. As nou circumscribed, the faimily includes aboot 170 species grouped in aboot 11 genera, includin *[[Cannabis]]* (hemp, marijuana), *[[Humulus]]* (hops) an *[[Celtis]]* (hackberries).

### Genera
* *[[Aphananthe]]* Planch. (5 spp.)
* *[[Cannabis]]* L.—Hemp (1 sp.)
* *[[Celtis]]* L. (73–109 spp.)
* *[[Chaetachme]]* Planch. (1 sp.)
* *[[Gironniera]]* Gaudich. (6 spp.)

* *[[Humulus]]* L.—Hop (3 spp.)

* *[[Lozanella]]* Greenm. (2 spp.)

* *[[Parasponia]]* Miq. (5–10 spp.)
* *[[Pteroceltis]]* Maxim. (1 sp.)

* *[[Trema (plant)|Trema]]* Lour. (12–42 spp.)

## References
Humulus lupulus

***Humulus lupulus*** (**common hop** or **hop**) is a species o flouerin plant in the Cannabaceae faimily, native tae Europe, wastren Asie an North Americae.
Internaitional Clessification o Diseases

The **Internaitional Stateestical Clessification o Diseases an Relatit Heal Problems**, uisually cried bi the short-form name **Internaitional Clessification o Diseases** (**ICD**), is the internaitional "staundart diagnostic tuil for epidemiology, heal management an clinical purposes".

## References
Baryonyx

***Baryonyx*** () is a genus o theropod dinosaur that, accordin tae maist scientists, leeved in the Barremian stage o the early Cretaceous Period, aboot 130–125 million years ago.
Tarbosaurus

***Tarbosaurus*** (meanin "alarmin lizard") is a genus o tyrannosaurid theropod dinosaur that flourished in Asie.
Gharial

The **gharial** (*Gavialis gangeticus*), forby kent as the **gavial**, an the **fish-eatin crocodile**, is a crocodilian o the faimily Gavialidae, native tae the northren pairt o the Indian Subcontinent.

## References
Cannabis (drog)

**Cannabis**, cried **[[marijuana (wird)|marijuana]]** an aa, an bi numerous ither names, is a preparation o the ''Cannabis'' plant intendit for uise as a psychoactive drog or medicine. The main psychoactive pairt o cannabis is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC); it is ane o 483 kent compoonds in the plant, includin at least 84 ither cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN), an tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV).

## References
Tetrahydrocannabinol

**Tetrahydrocannabinol** (**THC**), or mair precisely its main isomer **(−)-''trans''-Δ<sup>9</sup>-tetrahydrocannabinol** ((6aR,10aR)-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol), is the principal psychoactive constituent (or cannabinoid) o cannabis.

## References
Austrick Empire

The **Austrick Empire** (, modren spellin **) wis creatit oot o the realms o the Habsburgs bi proclamation in 1804.
Paul Morphy

**Paul Charles Morphy** (Juin 22, 1837&nbsp;– Julie 10, 1884) wis an American chess player. He is considered tae hae been the greatest chess master o his era an an unoffeecial Warld Chess Champion.

## References
Viswanathan Anand

**Viswanathan "Vishy" Anand** (born 11 December 1969) is an Indian chess Grandmaster an umwhile Warld Chess Champion.

## References
World Trade Center (1973–2001)

The original **World Trade Center** was a muckle complex of seven buildings in Lower Manhattan, New York City, Unitit States. It featured the landmark **Twin Towers**, which opened on April 4, 1973 and were destroyed in 2001 during the September 11 attacks. At the time of their completion, the Twin Towers — the original 1 World Trade Center, at ; and 2 World Trade Center, at  — were the tallest buildings in the world. Other buildings in the complex included the Marriott World Trade Center (3 WTC), 4 WTC, 5 WTC, 6 WTC, and 7 WTC. The complex was located in New York City's Financial District and contained  of office space.

The core of the complex was biggit atween 1975 and 1985, with a cost of $400&nbsp;million (equivalent to $2.27 billion in 2018). The World Trade Center experienced a fire on , 1975, a bombing on , 1993, and a bank robbery on , 1998. In 1998, the Port Authority decided to privatize the World Trade Center, leasing the buildings to a private company to manage, and awarded the lease to Silverstein Properties in .

The oreeginal **World Trade Center** () wis a lairge complex o seiven biggins in Lawer Manhattan, New York Ceety, Unitit States. It featurt laundmerk twin touers, which opened on Aprile 4, 1973, an war destroyed in the September 11, 2001 attacks, wi 7 World Trade Center collapsin later that day due tae the damage it suffered whan the twin touers collapsed that mornin. The ither biggins in the complex war severely damaged bi the collapse o the twin touers, an thair ruins war eventually demolished.

## References
Library of Congress Control Number

The **Library of Congress Control Number** (**LCCN**) is a serially based seestem o nummerin catalogin records in the Library of Congress in the Unitit States.
Ajax (meethology)

**Ajax** or **Aias** ( or ; ) wis a meethological Greek hero, the son o King Telamon an Periboea, an the hauf-brither o Teucer. He plays an important role in Homer's *[[Iliad]]* an in the Epic Cycle, a series o epic poems aboot the Trojan War.

## References
Donatello

**Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi** (c. 1386 – December 13, 1466), better kent as **Donatello** (), wis an early Renaissance sculptor frae Florence.
European migrant creesis

The **European migrant creesis** or **European refugee creesis** arose throu the risin nummer o refugees an migrants comin tae the European Union, athort the Mediterranean Sea or throu Sootheast Europe, an applyin for asylum.

## Notes

## References
Prince

A **prince** is a male ruler, monarch, or member o a monarch's or umwhile monarch's faimily. *Prince* is a hereditary teetle in the nobility o some European states an aa. The feminine equivalent is a **princess**.
Sinai Peninsula

The **Sinai Peninsula** or simply **Sinai** (;  **';  **', ;  **) is a triangular peninsula in Egyp aboot  in aurie. It is situatit atween the Mediterranean Sea tae the north, an the Reid Sea tae the sooth, an is the anly pairt o Egyptian territory locatit in Asie, as opponed tae Africae, servin as a laund brig atween twa continents.

## References
Sergey Karjakin

**Sergey Alexandrovich Karjakin** (; ; born Januar 12, 1990) is a Ukrainian-born Roushie chess grandmaster. He wis a chess prodigy an haulds the record for the warld's youngest Grandmaster, at the age o 12 years an 7 month. Karjakin reached the feenal o the Warld Chess Championship in 2016, but lost tae Magnus Carlsen.
Gough Whitlam

**Edward Gough Whitlam**  ( 11 Julie 191621 October 2014) wis the 21st Prime Meenister o Australie, servin frae 1972 tae 1975.
Nelson Rockefeller

**Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller** (Julie 8, 1908 – Januar 26, 1979) wis an American businessman, philanthropist, public servant, an politeecian.
Dan Quayle

**James Danforth** "**Dan**" **Quayle** (born Februar 4, 1947) is an American politeecian an wis Vice Preses o the Unitit States unner George H. W. Bush frae 1989 tae 1993.

## References
Samosa

A **samosa** () or **samoosa** is a fried or baked pastry wi a savoury fillin, such as spiced tatties, ingans, peases, lentils, macaroni, noodles, an/or minced meat (lamb, beef or chicken). Pine nuts can also be added. The samosa is claimed to have originated in Central Asia.

## References
Biryani

**Biryani** (), whiles spelt **Biriyani** or **Biriani**, is a mixed rice dish frae the Indian Subcontinent. It is made wi spices, rice an meat or vegetables. It is thocht the name comes frae the Persie wird for rice. Persie wis a leid uised amang muslims in Indie throu the ruil o the Moghuls.
Hans-Dietrich Genscher

**Hans-Dietrich Genscher** (born 21 Mairch 1927; d. 31 Mairch 2016) wis a German politeecian o the liberal Free Democratic Pairty (FDP), an the langest-servin foreign meenister o the Federal Republic o Germany. He diet on 31 Mairch 2016, 10 days efter his 89t birthday.
Holi

**Holi** ( *Holī*) is a ware festival, kent as the festival o colours or the festival o love an aw. It is an auncient Hindu releegious festival which haes acome popular wi non-Hindus in mony pairts o Sooth Asie, as well as fowk o ither commonties ootside Asie.

## Notes

## References
Curry

**Curry** (, plural **curries**) is a spicy dish oreeginatin in the cuisine o the Indian Subcontinent an Sootheast Asie that is makkit wi a sauce fae the curry plant.

## Insaumples
*Chicken tikka masala
*Chicken curry
*Balti
*Rogan Josh

## See an aw
*haggis (curry variant)
Free Democratic Pairty (Germany)

The **Free Democratic Pairty** (, **FDP**) is a liberal an clessical liberal poleetical pairty in Germany.

## References
The Royal Scotsman

***Belmond Royal Scotsman*** is a chairter train run by Belmond Ltd. that runs frae Edinburgh tae the Hielands.

## Freemit airtins
*official wabsteid
Bus

A **bus** (; plural "buses", , airchaically an aa **omnibus**, **multibus**, **motorbus**, or **autobus**) is a road vehicle designed tae carry mony passengers. Buses can hae a capacity as heich as 300 passengers.

## References
Management

**Management**  in businesses an organisations is the function that coordinates the efforts o fowk tae accomplish goals an objectives bi uisin available resoorces efficiently an effectively.
Tram

A **tram** (cried a **tramcaur** an aa) is a rail vehicle that rins on tracks alang public urban streets (cried street rinnin), an whiles on a segregatit richt o wey forby.

## References
Tory an Unionist Pairty

The **Tory an Unionist Pairty** (**Tory Pairty**, **Tories**, Inglis: ***Conservative and Unionist Party*** an the ***Conservatives***) is a centre-richt poleitical pairty in the Unitit Kinrick. The govrenin pairty syne 2010, it is the maistmuckle in the Hoose o Commons, wi 364 Members o Pairlament.

The pairty wis foondit in 1834 frae the oreeginal Tory Pairty (1678-1834), an wis ane o twa dominant polítical pairties in the nineteent century, alang wi the Leeberal Pairty. Unner Benjamin Disraeli it played a preeminent role in politics at the heicht o the Breetish Empire. In 1912, the Leeberal Unionist Pairtye merged wi the pairty tae form the Tory an Unionist Pairty. In the 1920s, the Labour Pairty surpassed the Líberals as the Tories' main rivals. Tory Prime Meenisters — notably Winston Churchill an Margaret Thatcher — led govrenments for 57 year o the twentiet century.

Posítioned on the centre-richt tae richt o Brítish politics, the Tories are ideologically conservative. Different factions hae dominatit the pairty at different times, includin ane naition conservatives, Thatcherites, an leeberal conservatives, while its views an policies hae chynged ootthrou its history. The pairty haes generally adoptit líberal economic policies—favourin free mercat economics, leemitin state regulation, an pursuin prívatisation—awtho in the past haes supportit pertectionism an aa. The pairty is British unionist, opponin Erse reunification an Welsh an Scots unthirldom, an historically supportit the maintenance o the British Empire. On social policy, it haes historically taen a mair socially conservative approach, tho this haes recedit ower recent decades. In furrin policy, it favours a strang militar capability, bein supportive o British pairtícipation in NATO.

The Tories are a member o the Internaitional Democrat Union an the Alliance o Conservatives an Reformists in Europe, an sit wi the European Conservatives an Reformists (ECR) pairlamentar group. The Scots, Welsh, Northren Erse an Gibraltarian brainches o the pairty are semi-autonomous. Its support base consists primarily o middle-cless voters, especially in rural airts o Ingland, an its domination o Brítish politics throu-oot the twentiet century haes led tae it bein referred tae as ane o the maist successfu polítical pairties in the Wastren warld.

## References
Vilfredo Pareto

**Vilfredo Federico Damaso Pareto** (born *Wilfried Fritz Pareto*; ; 15 Julie 1848 – 19 August 1923) wis an Italian ingineer, sociologist, economist, poleetical scientist, an philosopher.

## References
Auguste Comte

**Isidore Auguste Marie François Xavier Comte** (19 Januar 1798 – 5 September 1857), better kent as **Auguste Comte** (), wis a French philosopher. He wis a foonder o the discipline o sociology an o the doctrine o positivism.

## References
Positivism

**Positivism** is a filosofical theory statin that positive knawledge is based on naitural phenomena an their properties an relations. Sicweys, information derived frae sensory experience, interpretit throu raison an logic, forms the exclusive soorce o aw authoritative knawledge. Positivism haulds that valid knawledge (certitude or truth) is foond anly in this derived knawledge.

## References
Constantine III (Byzantine emperor)

**Constantine III** (); 3 Mey 612 – 20 Aprile or 24/26 Mey 641) wis Byzantine Emperor for fower month in 641.
Michael I o Romanie

**Michael I** ( ; born 25 October 1921; died 5 December 2017) was Keeng o Romanie frae 20 Julie 1927 tae 8 Juin 1930 an again frae 6 September 1940 tae 30 December 1947.
Justinian I

**Justinian I** (, ) ( 482  14 November 565), tradeetionally kent as **Justinian the Great** an an aa **Saunt Justinian the Great** in the Eastren Orthodox Kirk, wis a Byzantine (East Roman) emperor frae 527 tae 565. In his ring, Justinian socht tae revive the empire's greatness an reconquer the lost wastren hauf o the historical Roman Empire. Justinian's rule constitutes a distinct epoch in the history o the Later Roman empire, an his ring is merkit bi the ambeetious but anerly pairtly realised *renovatio imperii*, or "restoration o the Empire".

Acause o his restoration activities, Justinian haes whilees been kent as  the "last Roman" in modren historiografie. This ambeetion wis expressed bi the pairtial rekivery o the territories o the defunct Wastren Roman Empire. His general, Belisarius, swiftly conquered the Vandal Kinrick in North Africae. Subsequently, Belisarius, Narses, an ither generals conquered the Ostrogothic kinrick, restorin Dalmatie, Sicily, Italy, an Roum tae the empire efter mair nor hauf a century o rule bi the Ostrogoths. The prefect Liberius reclaimed the sooth o the Iberian peninsula, establishin the province o Spania. Thir campaigns re-established Roman control ower the wastren Mediterranean, increasin the Empire's annual revenue bi ower a million solidi. In his ring, Justinian an aw subdued the *[[Zan fowk|Tzani]]*, a fowk on the east coast o the Black Sea that haed niver been unner Roman rule afore.

A still mair resonant aspect o his legacy wis the uniform rewritin o Roman law, the *[[Corpus Juris Civilis]]*, that is still the basis o ceevil law in mony modren states. His ring an aw merkit a blossomin o Byzantine cultur, an his biggin programme yieldit sic masterpieces as the kirk o Hagia Sophia.

## References
Feodor II o Roushie

**Fyodor II Borisovich Godunov o Roushie** () (1589 – 10 or 20 Juin 1605) wis a tsar o Roushie (1605) in the Time o Tribbles.

**References**
Feodor I o Roushie

**Fyodor (Theodore) I Ivanovich** ( or **Feodor I Ioannovich** ; 31 Mey 1557 &ndash; 16 Januar (NS) 1598) wis the last Rurikid Tsar o Roushie (1584–1598), son o Ivan IV (The Terrible) an Anastasia Romanovna.
Ivan V o Roushie

**Ivan V Alekseyevich** (Roushie: *Иван V Алексеевич*,  &ndash; ) wis a jynt Tsar o Roushie (wi his younger hauf-brither Peter I) who co-reigned atween 1682 an 1696.
Society o Jesus

The **Society o Jesus** (, *S.J.*, *SJ* or *SI*) is a male releegious congregation o the Catholic Kirk. The members are cried **Jesuits**.
Francis Xavier

**Saunt Francis Xavier**, SJ, born **Francisco de Jasso y Azpilicueta** (7 Aprile 15063 December 1552), wis a Navarrese Basque Roman Catholic missionary, born in Xavier, Kinrick o Navarre (nou pairt o Spain), an a co-foonder o the Society o Jesus.
Ignatius o Loyola

**Ignatius o Loyola** (, ) ( – Julie 31, 1556) wis a Spaingie knicht frae a local Basque noble faimily, hermit, priest syne 1537, an theologian, who foondit the Society o Jesus Christ (Jesuits) an, on 19 Aprile 1541, acame its first Superior General.

## References
Cetinje

**Cetinje** (Montenegrin: *Cetinje*, Цетиње; () is a ceety an Auld Ryal Caipital o Montenegro.

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns – Sister ceeties
Cetinje is twinned wi:
Fause Dmitriy I

**False Dmitriy I** (), heestorically kent as **Pseudo-Demetrius I**, wis the Tsar o Roushie frae 21 Julie 1605 till his daith on 17 Mey 1606 unner the name o **Dimitriy Ioannovich** ().

## References
Kinrick o Castile

The **Kinrick o Castile** (; , ) wis a muckle an pouerfu state on the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages.
Reconquista

The ***Reconquista*** ("reconquest") is a heestorical period o approximately 770 year in the history o the Iberian Peninsula, beginnin efter the initial stage o the Islamic conquest (711-718), tae the faw o Granada, the last Islamic state on the peninsula, in 1492. It endit richt afore the discovery o the New Warld, an the period o the Portuguese an Spaingie colonial empires which follaed.
Orly Airport

**Paris Orly Airport** ()  is an internaitional airport locatit partially in Orly an pairtially in Villeneuve-le-Roi,  sooth o Paris, Fraunce.

## References
Tremblay-en-France

**Tremblay-en-France** is a commune in the northeastren suburbs o Paris, Fraunce. It is locatit  frae the centre o Paris.
Võ Nguyên Giáp

**Võ Nguyên Giáp** (25 August 1911 – 4 October 2013) wis a General in the Vietnam Fowk's Airmy an a politeecian. Giap is considered ane o the greatest militar strategists o aw time.  He first grew tae prominence during World War II, whaur he served as the militar leader o the Viet Minh resistance against the Japanese occupation o Vietnam. Giap wis a principal commander in twa wars: the First Indocheenae War (1946–54) an the Vietnam War (1960–75). He pairteecipatit in the follaein heestorically signeeficant battles: Lạng Sơn (1950), Hòa Bình (1951–52), Điện Biên Phủ (1954), the Tết Offensive (1968), the Easter Offensive (1972), an the final Ho Chi Minh Campaign (1975).

## References
Islamic State o Iraq an the Levant

The **Islamic State o Iraq an the Levant** (**ISIL**; ), forby kent as the **Islamic State o Iraq an Sirie** (**ISIS**, ) or the **Islamic State o Iraq an ash-Sham**, **Islamic State** (**IS**), or **Daesh** (, ), is a Wahhabi/Salafi jihadist extremist militant group an sel-proclaimed Islamic state an caliphate, that is led bi an feckly componed o Sunni Arabs frae Iraq an Sirie.

It stairtit in 2003 in Iraq as a terror group cried "Jama'at al-Tahwind wal-Jihad" (foondit bi a Jordanian chiel, Ahmed Fadil Khaleila, kent as "al-Qaeda in Iraq". In october 2006, efter mergin wi' ither radical Islamist groups, it wis proclaimed as the "Islamic State o' Iraq".

## References
Bataclan (theatre)

The **Bataclan** is a theatre locatit at 50 boulevard Voltaire in the 11t arrondissement o Paris, Fraunce.

The theatre wis the scene o a terrorist attack on the night o 13 November 2015, wh a mass shuiting an explosives killed mony fowk during an Eagles of Death Metal concert.

## References
Hostage

A **hostage** is a person or entity which is held bi ane o twa belligerent pairties tae the ither or seized as security for the carryin oot o an agreement, or as a preventive meisur against war.
Jeremy Bentham

**Jeremy Bentham** (; 15 Februar 1748 [O.S. 4 Februar 1747] – 6 Juin 1832) was a Breetish philosopher, jurist, an social reformer. He is regairdit as the foonder o modren utilitarianism.

## References
Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi

**Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi** () wis the leader o the Islamic State o Iraq an the Levant (ISIL) kent as ISIS or Daesh an aw, an Islamic extremist group in wastren Iraq, Libie, northeast Nigerie, an Sirie. It is believed that he his been proclaimed bi his follaers tae be a caliph.

## References
90377 Sedna

**90377 Sedna** (seembol: ) is a lairge minor planet in the ooter reaches o the Solar System that wis, , at a distance o aboot 86 astronomical units (AU) frae the Sun, aboot three times as far as Neptune.

## Notes

## References
Kilometre zero

In mony kintras, **Kilometre Zero** (also written *km 0*) or similar terms in ither leids (kent as **Zero mile merker**, **control stations** or **control pynts** an aw) is a particular location (eften in the naition's caipital ceity), frae which distances are traditionally meisurt.

In Edinburgh, this is a bollard on Waterloo Place at the tap o Princes Street where the Edinburgh General Post Office war first biggit.

## References
Yazidis

The **Yazidis** (an aa **Yezidi**, *Êzidî*) are a Kurdish releegious commonty. Thair syncretic tradeetional releegion Yazidism (a kin o Yazdânism) is airtit tae Zoroastrianism an auncient Mesopotamian releegions; housamever, Yazidis form a distinct an independent releegious commonty an hae thair ain cultur.

## References
Carrie Fisher

**Carrie Frances Fisher** (October 21, 1956 – December 27, 2016) wis an American actress, novelist an screenwriter. She is best kent for her portrayal o Princess Leia Organa in the oreeginal *[[Star Wars]]* trilogy, an posthumously reprised the character in *Star Wars: The Last Jedi*.

## References
Debbie Reynolds

**Debbie Reynolds** (born **Mary Frances Reynolds**; Aprile 1, 1932 – December 28, 2016) wis an American actress, sangster, dancer, businesswoman, an film historian.
Viola Davis

**Viola Davis** (born 11 August 1965) is an American actress. Haein wan an Academy Awaird, an Emmy Awaird, an twa Tony Awairds, she is the first black thespian tae achieve the Treeple Croun o Actin. *[[Time (magazine)|Time]]* magazine named her ane o the 100 maist influential fowk in the warld in 2012 an 2017.

## References
William Hurt

**William McChord Hurt** (born Mairch 20, 1950; deed Mairch 13, 2022) wis an American stage an film actor.

## References
19t century

The **19t century** (1 Januar 1801&nbsp;– 31 December 1900) wis the century merked bi the collapse o the Spaingie, First an Seicont French, Cheenese, Haly Roman an Mughal empires.

## References
Mark Hamill

**Mark Richard Hamill** (born September 25, 1951) is an American actor, writer, producer, an director. He is best kent for his portrayal o Luke Skywalker in the oreeginal *[[Star Wars]]* trileegy (1977–1983), an seequl trileegy (2015-2019).
Al-Nusra Front

The **al-Nusra Front**, or **Jabhat al-Nusra** ( *Jabhat al-Nuṣrah li-Ahli ash-Shām*, "The Support Front for the Fowk o Al-Sham", eften abbreviatit tae **JN** or **JaN**), sometimes cried **al-Qaeda in Sirie** or **al-Qaeda in the Levant**, is a Sunni Islamic jihadist militia fichtin against Sirian Govrenment forces in the Sirian Ceevil War, wi the aim o establishing an Islamist state in the kintra.

## References
Rojava

**Sirian Kurdistan** or **Wastren Kurdistan** (, *Rojavayê Kurdistanê*), commonly kent in Kurdish as **Rojava**, is a *de facto* autonomous region in northren Syrie.

## References
Jagiellonian dynasty

The **Jagiellonian dynasty** wis a ryal dynasty, foondit bi Jogaila, the Grand Duke o Lithuania, who in 1386 wis baptised as Władysław, married Queen (strictly King) Jadwiga o Poland, an wis crouned Keeng o Poland as Władysław II Jagiełło.

## References
Sigismund II Augustus

**Sigismund II Augustus I** (, Ruthenian: *Żygimont III Awgust I*, , ) (1 August 1520 – 7 Julie 1572) wis King o Poland an Grand Duke o Lithuanie, the anly son o Sigismund I the Auld, whom Sigismund II succeedit in 1548.

## References
Władysław II Jagiełło

**Jogaila**, later **Władysław II Jagiełło** () (c. 1352/1362&nbsp;– 1 Juin 1434) wis Grand Duke o Lithuanie (1377–1434), Keeng o Poland (1386–1399) alangside his wife Jadwiga, an then sole King o Poland.

## Notes
Sigismund I the Auld

**Sigismund I o Poland** (; ) (1 Januar 1467 – 1 Aprile 1548), o the Jagiellon, reigned as King o Poland an an aa as the Grand Duke o Lithuanie frae 1506 till 1548. Sigismund I wis the son o Casimir IV an the younger brither o Kings John I Albert an Alexander I Jagiellon. He wis nicknamed "the Auld" in later historiography tae distinguish him frae his son an successor Sigismund II Augustus. Being a patron o the airts, he expandit Polish influence, establishin rule ower Ducal Prussia an annexin the Duchy o Mazovia wi Warsaw.

## References
John III Sobieski

**John III Sobieski** (, ; 17 August 1629 – 17 Juin 1696), wis King o Poland an Grand Duke o Lithuanie fae 1674 til his daith. He wis ane o the maist kenspeckle monarchs o the Pols–Lithuanie Commonwealth.

## Soorces
Stanisław August Poniatowski

**Stanisław II August** (an aa **Stanisław August Poniatowski**; born **Stanisław Antoni Poniatowski**; 17 Januar 1732 – 12 Februar 1798) wis the last King an Grand Duke o the Pols–Lithuanie Commonweel (1764–95).

## References
Augustus II the Strang

**Augustus II the Strang** (; ; ; 12 Mey 1670&nbsp;– 1 Februar 1733) o the Albertine line o the Hoose o Wettin wis Elector of Saxony (as **Frederick Augustus I**), Imperial Vicar an acame King o Poland an Grand Duke o Lithuanie (as Augustus II).
Stanisław Leszczyński

**Stanisław I Leszczyński** (; also known as **Stanislaus I**, , ; 20 October 1677 – 23 Februar 1766) wis Keeng o Poland, Grand Duke o Lithuanie, Duke o Lorraine an a coont o the Haly Roman Empire.

## Issue

# Anna (25 Mey 1699&nbsp;– 20 Juin 1717) died unmairit an haed nae issue.
# Maria (23 Juin 1703&nbsp;– 24 Juin 1768) mairit Louis XV o Fraunce an haed issue.
Philip II

**Philip II** mey refer tae:

## Fowk
* Philip II o Macedon (382–336 BC) 
* Philip II Philoromaeus (65–64 BC)
* Philippus II (238-249 AD)
* Philip II o Fraunce (1165–1223)
* Philip II o Navarre (1293–1322)
* Philip II o Taranto (1329–1374)
* Philip II, Duke o Burgundy (1342–1404)
* Philip II, Duke o Savoy (1438-1497)
* Philip II o Spain (1527–1598)
* Philip II o Portugal (1578–1621)
* Philippe II, Duke o Orléans (1674–1723)

## Ither
* Philip II (Hospital), Republic o Macedonie
Philip I

**Philip I** mey refer tae:

* Philip I o Macedon (ruled 640–602 BC)
* Philip I Philadelphus (1st century BC)
* Philip the Arab (c. 204–249), Roman Emperor
* Philip I o Fraunce (1052–1108)
* Philip I (Airchbishop o Cologne) (1130 – 13 August 1191)
* Philip I o Namur, (1175–1212)
* Philip I, Coont o Savoy (1207–1287)
* Philip IV o Fraunce, aka Philip I o Navarre (1268–1314)
* Philip I o Piedmont, kent as Philip o Savoy (1278–1334) lord o Piedmont
* Philip I, Prince o Taranto (1278–1332)
* Philip I, Duke o Burgundy (1346–1361)
* Philip I de Croÿ, Coont o Porcéan (1435–1511)
* Philip I o Castile, Philip the Handsome (1478–1506)
* Philip I, Laundgrave o Hesse (1504–1567)
* Philip I, Duke o Pomeranie (1515–1560)
* Philip II o Spain, aka Philip I of Portugal (1526–1598)
* Philip I, Coont o Schaumburg-Lippe (1601–1681)
Mary I

**Mary I** or **Maria I** mey refer tae:
*Mary I o Ingland (1516–1558), often cried "Bluidy Mary"
*Mary, Queen o Scots (1542–1587)
*Mary I o Portugal (1734–1816)
*Mary Immaculate College, Limerick, Ireland – a teacher trainin college eften abbreviated tae Mary I

## See an aa
*Queen Mary (disambiguation)
Melissa McCarthy

**Melissa Ann McCarthy** (born 26 August 1970) is an American actress, comedian, writer, fashion designer, an producer. McCarthy first gained recogneetion for her role as Sookie St. James on the telly series *[[Gilmore Girls]]* (2000–2007). On the ABC sitcom *[[Samantha Who?]]* (2007–2009), she portrayed Dena. McCarthy wis then cast as Molly Flynn on the CBS sitcom *[[Mike & Molly]]*, a role that earned her a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series, as well as twa awaird nominations durin subsequent seasons. McCarthy haes been nominatit for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for her wirk as host on *[[Saturday Night Live]]* three years consecutively an aw.

## References

## Freemit airtins

* 
* 
* 
* Melissa McCarthy at Emmys.com
Thomas Wolsey

**Thomas Wolsey** (c. Mairch 1473 – 29 November 1530; whiles spelt *Woolsey*) wis an Inglis poleetical figur an a cardinal o the Roman Catholic Kirk. Whan Henry VIII became King o Ingland in 1509, Wolsey became the King's almoner.

## References
Stan Lee

**Stan Lee** (born **Stanley Martin Lieber**, 28 Dizember 1922 – 12 November 2018) wis an American comic beuk writer, editor, publisher, media producer, telly host, actor, an umwhile preses an chairman o Marvel Comics.

In collaboration wi several airtists, includin Jack Kirby an Steve Ditko, he co-creatit Spider-Man, the Hulk, the Fantastic Four, Iron Man, Thor, the X-Men, an mony ither fictional chairacters, introducin complex, naituralistic chairacters an a thoroughly shared universe intae superhero comic beuks. In addeetion, he heidit the first major successfu challenge tae the industry's censorship organisation, the Comics Code Authority, an forcit it tae reform its policies. Lee subsequently led the expansion o Marvel Comics frae a smaw diveesion o a publishing hoose tae a lairge multimedia corporation.

He wis inductit intae the comic beuk industry's Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame in 1994 an the Jack Kirby Hall of Fame in 1995. Lee receivit a National Medal of Arts in 2008.

## References

## Freemit airtins

* POW! Entertainment  (offeecial steid)
* 
* Stan Lee at the Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators
* 
* 
*
Thomas More

**Sir Thomas More** (; 7 Februar 14786 Julie 1535), venerate bi Catholics as **Saunt Thomas More**, wis an Inglis lawyer, social filosofer, author, statesman an notit Renaissance humanist. He wis forby a cooncillor tae Henry VIII, an Laird Heich Chancellor o England frae October 1529 tae 16 Mey 1532. He wrote *[[Utopia (beuk)|Utopia]]*, published in 1516, aboot the poleetical seestem o an imaiginar, ideal island naition.

More opponed the Protestant Reformation, in pairteecular the theology o Martin Luther, Henry VIII, John Calvin an William Tyndale. More forby opponed the king's separation frae the Catholic Kirk, refuisin tae acknawledge Henry as Supreme Heid o the Kirk o Ingland an the annulment o his mairiage tae Catherine o Aragon. Efter refuisin tae tak the Aith o Owerins, he wis convictit o traison an executit. O his execution, he wis reportit tae hae said: "A dee the Keeng's guid servand, an God's first".

Pape Pius XI besauntit More in 1935 as a mairtyr. Pape John Paul II in 2000 declared him the patron saunt "o Statesmen an Politeecians". Syne 1980, the Kirk o Ingland haes mindit More leeturgically as a Reformation martyr. The Soviet Union honoured him for the purportitly communist attitude taewart guids an gear richts expressed in *Utopia*.

## References
Law Kintras

The **Law Kintras** (, ) is a coastal region in wastren Europe, consistin especially o the Netherlands an Belgium, an the law-lyin delta o the Rhine, Meuse, Scheldt, an Ems rivers where much o the land is at or ablo sea level.

## References
Mary o Burgundy

**Mary** (13 Februar 1457 – 27 Mairch 1482), Duchess o Burgundy, reigned ower the Law Kintras frae 1477 till her daith.
Thomas Cromwell

**Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl o Essex**,  ( or ;  28 Julie 1540), wis an Inglish lawyer an statesman who served as chief meenister tae King Henry VIII o Ingland frae 1532 tae 1540.

## References
Hunder Years' War

The **Hunder Years' War** wis a series o conflicts waged frae 1337 tae 1453 bi the Hoose o Plantagenet, rulers o the Kinrick o Ingland, against the Hoose o Valois, rulers o the Kinrick o Fraunce, for control o the latter kinrick. Each side drew mony allies into the war. It wis ane o the maist notable conflicts o the Middle Ages, in which five generations o keengs frae twa rival dynasties foucht for the throne o the lairgest kinrick in Wastren Europe. The war merked baith the hicht o chivalry an its subsequent decline, an the development o strang naitional identities in baith kintras.
Anjou

**Anjou** (; ) is an umwhile French coonty (in that it wis ruled bi a coont, frae ), duchy (1360), an province.
WWE

**World Wrestling Entertainment** (d/b/a **WWE**) is an American publicly tradit, privately controlled entertainment company that deals primarily in professional warsillin, wi major revenue soorces comin frae film, muisic, product licensin an direct product sales. WWE refers tae the professional warsillin promotion itsel, foondit bi Jess McMahon an Toots Mondt in 1953 as Capitol Wrestling Corporation. As o 2024, it is the lairgest warstlin promotion in the warld, haein ower 300 events a year, an broadcastin aboot 36 million viewers in mair nor 150 kintras. The company's heidquairters are locatit in Stamford, Connecticut, wi offices in major ceeties aroond the warld.

## References

## Freemit airtins
*
Croun o Aragon

The **Croun o Aragon** (;  , , , ) wis a composite monarchy, an aa nouadays referred tae as a confederation o individual polities or kinricks ruled bi ane king wi a personal an dynastic union o the Kinrick o Aragon an the Coonty o Barcelona.

## Notes

## References
Duchy o Burgundy

The **Duchy o Burgundy** (, , ) frae 1032 existit as a successor o an auncient an prestigious patrimony an a muckle diveesion o the launds o the Kinrick o the Burgundians.

## References
Kinrick o Portugal

The **Kinrick o Portugal** (, ) wis a monarchy on the Iberian Peninsula an the predecessor o modren Portugal.

## Notes
Edward, the Black Prince

**Edward o Woodstock** KG (15 Juin 1330 – 8 Juin 1376), cried the **Black Prince**, wis the eldest son o Keeng Edward III an Philippa o Hainault, an the faither o King Richard II o Ingland.
Crécy-en-Ponthieu

**Crécy-en-Ponthieu** is a commune in the Somme depairtment in Picardie in northren Fraunce, locatit sooth o Calais.
Battle o Agincourt

The **Battle o Agincourt** wis a major Inglis veectory in the Hunder Years' War.

## References

### Soorces
* 
*
Portuguese Empire

The **Portuguese Empire** (), forby kent as the **Portuguese Owerseas** (*Ultramar Português*), wis the first global empire in history.

## References
Battle o Crécy

The **Battle o Crecy**, cried **Battle o Cressy** (26 August 1346) an aw, wis an important Inglis victory durin the Edwardian phase o the Hunner Years' War.

## Soorces
Writin seestem

A **writin seestem** is ony conventional method o veesually representin verbal communication.  Whilk baith writin an speech are uisefu in conveyin messages, writin differs in an aa bein a reliable form o information storage an transfer.

## See forby

* Scrievin
* Laitin alphabet

## References
Federal Security Service

The **Federal Security Service o the Roushie Federation** (**FSB**; ; *Federal'naya sluzhba bezopasnosti Rossiyskoy Federatsii*) is the principal security agency o Roushie an the main successor agency tae the USSR's Committee o State Security (KGB).

## References
Acrisius

**Acrisius** (; ) wis a meethical king o Argos, an a son o Abas an Aglaea (or Ocalea, dependin on the author), grandson o Lynceus, great-grandson o Danaus.

## References
Rogier van der Weyden

**Rogier van der Weyden** () or **Roger de la Pasture** (1399 or 1400 – 18 Juin 1464) wis an Early Netherlandish penter.
Plasmodium

***Plasmodium***, commonly kent as the **malaria parasite**, is a lairge genus o parasitic protozoa. As wi some other genera o cleenically important microorganisms, the genus name an aa yields a common noun; thus species o the genus are kent as **plasmodia**. Infection wi plasmodia is kent as malaria, a deadly disease widespread in the tropics.
Prosper Mérimée

**Prosper Mérimée** (September 28, 1803 – September 23, 1870) wis a French dramatist, historian, airchaeologist, an short story writer.
Danaë

In Greek meethology, **Danaë** (  ) wis the dauchter, an anly bairn o King Acrisius o Argos an his wife Queen Eurydice.
Female

**Female** (♀) is the sex o an organism, or a pairt o an organism, that produces non-mobile ova (egg cells). Maist female mammals, includin female humans, hae twa X chromosomes.
Sex

Organisms o mony species are specialised intae male an female varieties, each kent as a **sex**. Organisms o' mony species ur specialized intae male 'n' female varieties, ilk kent as a sex. Sexual reproduction involves th' combining 'n' mixing o' genetic traits: specialized cells kent as gametes combine tae form offspring that inherit traits fae ilk parent. Th' gametes produced by an organism define tis throwing a sausage up a close: males produce wee gametes (e.g. Spermatozoa, or wee baby fishies, in animals) while females produce lairge gametes (ova, or egg cells). Individual organisms whilk produce baith male 'n' female gametes ur termed hermaphroditic. Gametes kin be identical in form 'n' function (known as isogamy), bit, in mony cases, an asymmetry haes evolved sic that twa different types o' gametes (heterogametes) exist (known as anisogamy).

Physical differences ur often associated wi' th' different sexes o' an organism; thae sexual dimorphisms kin reflect th' different reproductive pressures th' sexes experience. Fur instance, pal choice 'n' sexual selection kin accelerate th' evolution o' physical differences atween th' sexes.

Among folk 'n' ither mammals, males typically carry an x 'n' a y chromosome (xy), whereas females typically carry twa x chromosomes (xx), whilk ur a pairt o' th' xy sex-determination system. Folk kin an' a' be intersex. Ither animals hae various sex-determination systems, sic as th' zw system in birds, th' x0 system in insects, 'n' various environmental systems, fur example in reptiles 'n' crustaceans. Fungi kin an' a' hae mair complex allelic mating systems, wi' sexes nae accurately described as male, female, or hermaphroditic.

## References
Male

A **male** (♂) organism is the physiology sex that produces sperm. Ilka spermatozoon can fuse wi a lairger female gamete, or ovum, in the process o fertilisation.
Spermatozoon

A **spermatozoon** (pronoonced , alternate spellin **spermatozoön**; plural **spermatozoa**; frae  "seed" an  "livin bein") is a motile sperm cell, or muivin form o the haploid cell that is the male gamete.
X chromosome

The **X chromosome** is ane o the twa sex-determinin chromosomes (allosomes) in mony organisms, includin mammals (the ither is the Y chromosome), an is foond in baith males an females. It is a pairt o the XY sex-determination system an X0 sex-determination system. The X chromosome wis cried for its unique properties bi aerlie researchers, that resultit in the namin o its coonterpairt Y chromosome, for the next letter in the alphabet, efter it wis diskivered later.

## References
Pituitary gland

In vertebrate anatomy, the **pituitary gland**, or **hypophysis**, is an endocrine gland aboot the size o a pea an weighin  in humans. It is a protrusion off the bottom o the hypothalamus at the base o the brain. The hypophysis rests upon the hypophysial fossa o the sphenoid bane in the centre o the middle cranial fossa an is surroondit bi a smaa bany cavity (sella turcica) covered bi a dural fold  (diaphragma sellae). The anterior pituitary (or adenohypophysis) is a lobe o the gland that regulates several physiological processes (includin stress, growthe, reproduction, an lactation).

## References
Cortisol

**Cortisol** is a steroid hormone, in the glucocorticoid cless o hormones, an is produced in humans bi the zona fasciculata o the adrenal cortex within the adrenal gland.

## References
Urine

**Urine** (frae Laitin *Urina*, *ae*, *f*.) is a liquid bi-product o the bouk secretit bi the neirs throu a process cried urination (or micturition) an excretit throu the urethra.
Perineum

In human anatomy, the **perineum** (; Late Laitin, frae Greek περίνεος - *perineos*) is a region o the body includin the perineal  body an surroondin structurs. Thare is some variability in hou the boondaries are defined. Accordin tae some definitions, in females it is locatit atween the vagina an anus an in males atween the scrotum an anus.

## References
Puberty

**Puberty** is the process o pheesical changes through which a bairn's body maturs intae an adult body capable o sexual reproduction tae enable fertilisation. It is initiatit bi hormonal signals frae the brain tae the gonads: the ovaries in a girl, the testes in a boy. In response tae the signals, the gonads produce hormones that stimulate libido an the growth, function, an transformation o the brain, banes, muscle, bluid, skin, hair, breasts, an sex organs. Pheesical growth—hicht an wicht—accelerates in the first hauf o puberty an is completit when the bairn haes developed an adult body. Till the maturation o their reproductive capabilities, the pre-pubertal pheesical differences atween boys an girls are the external sex organs.
Trapezius muscle

In human anatomy, the **trapezius** () is either ane o twa lairge superficial muscles that extend langitudinally frae the occipital bane tae the lawer thoracic vertebrae an laterally tae the spine o the scapula (shouder blade).

## References
Leet o Preses o the Unitit States

Thiss leet incloodes aw fowk wha hae been Preses o the Unitit States.

## Leet o preses

## Notes

## References
Sam Worthington

**Samuel Henry John "Sam" Worthington** (born 2 August 1976) is an Australie actor, best kent for the portrayals o Jake Sully in *[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]*, Marcus Wright in *[[Terminator Salvation]],* Perseus in *[[Clash of the Titans (2010 film)|Clash of the Titans]]* an its sequel, *[[Wrath of the Titans]]*, an Alex Mason in the video gemme *[[Call of Duty: Black Ops]]* an its sequel *[[Call of Duty: Black Ops II]]*.

## References
William H. Macy

**William Hall Macy, Jr.** (born Mairch 13, 1950) is an American actor, screenwriter, teacher an theatre director.

## References