Chubut

**Chubut** (, ; ) is a province in the soothren pairt o Argentinae situatit atween the 42nt parallel sooth (formin the mairch wi the Río Negro Province) an the 46t parallel sooth (borderin Santa Cruz Province), the Andes range separatin Argentinae frae Chile, an the Atlantic Ocean. The province's name derives frae the Tehuelche wird *chupat*, meanin "transparent," thair description o the Chubut River.

The lairgest ceety, wi 180,000 indwallers, is Comodoro Rivadavia in the sooth o the province. The admeenistrative caipital is Rawson (40,000). Ither important ceeties are Puerto Madryn, Trelew, Esquel an Sarmiento. Gaiman is a cultural an demografic centre o the region kent as *"[[Y Wladfa]]"* in which Welsh-Argentines are concentratit. O the 25,000 Welsh speakers in Argentinae, mony are in the Chubut region, pairticularly in the oreeginal Welsh dounsets o Trelew an Trevelin.

## History
Afore the Spaniards arrivit in Americae, nomadic indigenous fowks inhabitit the Patagonie region. In the 17t an 18t centuries, Spaingie missionars came tae the aurie, an foondit the San José Fort on Península Valdés, which wis later destroyed bi local native fowks. In 1865, Welsh fowk came tae Chubut in the *[[Mimosa (ship)|Mimosa]]* ship an wur settled in Chubut Glen aurie. The region wis disputit atween Chile an Argentinae until 1881, when Chile renooncit its claim in order tae prevent Argentinae frae enterin intae the War o the Paceefic.

As pairt o the *[[Conquest o the Desert|Conquista del Desierto]]* (Desert conquest), the Naitional Territory o Chubut wis creatit in 1884, o which Luis Fontana wis namit govrenor. At the beginnin o the 20t century, efter the Boer War, some Boer fowk settled in the toun o Sarmiento (awready foondit bi the Welsh fowk at the end o the 19t century), an in lesser nummer in ither nearbi touns.

In 1944, the soothren pairt o Chubut an northren pairt o Santa Cruz wur designatit the *Comodoro Rivadavia* militar zone. The zone wis dissolvit in 1955, an Chubut wis declared a province.

Population shifts o the 20t century, especially frae Buenos Aires, raised the population steadily frae 190,000 (1970), tae 357,000 (1991) an 413,237 (2001). Maist o the indwallers are in the main ceeties, or in lesser nummers alang the Chubut River, which gies maist auries a population densitie o less nor 1 inhabitant per square kilometre.

## Economy
Chubut's economy, for a lang time ane o the maist prosperous in Argentinae, is ane o the kintra's least diversifee'd. Its 2006 ootput, estimatit at US$4.7&nbsp;billion, is made up in amaist a fowert bi minin an petroleum.  This sector's contreibution (maistly centred aroond Comodoro Rivadavia) helpit gie Chubut the naition's fowert-heichest per caipita ootput in 2011, US$25,250.
Petroleum refinin is the main economic activity o the province, wi 13% o Argentine ile production (maistly aff-shore). 21% o the naition's fish catch is producit bi Chubut.

Sheep ranchin, tho less nor hauf as productive than as recently as 1990, remains important at the local level.  The advent o synthetic replacements tae oo efter World War II battered the sector, further decimatit bi Argentinae's poleetical instability an naitural disasters.  Oo production haes risen syne 2002, housomeivver, an totaled 71,000 tons in 2006.

## Geografie an Climate

Chubut stretches frae the Atlantic tae the Andes: the coast is markit bi heich cliffs an sandy beaches, whareas the centre consists o several plateaus an depressions. The Andes are no vera heich in Chubut, wi maist peaks atween 1,500 m an 2,000 m.

The coast is exceptionally mild for Patagonia due tae wairm currents frae Brazil: daytime heichs range frae 24&nbsp;°C (75&nbsp;°F) tae 28&nbsp;°C (83&nbsp;°F) an nicht temperaturs range frae 11&nbsp;°C (52&nbsp;°F) tae 15&nbsp;°C (59&nbsp;°F) durin the simmer. Faws are pleasant wi ceul nichts, an winters are moderate, wi days rangin frae aboot 9&nbsp;°C (48&nbsp;°F) in the sooth tae 13&nbsp;°C (55&nbsp;°F) in the north, an nichts frae 1&nbsp;°C (34&nbsp;°F) tae 4&nbsp;°C (40&nbsp;°F). Precipitation is law, frae 150&nbsp;mm tae 250&nbsp;mm. Temperaturs belaw −10&nbsp;°C (14&nbsp;°F) are infrequent, as is hivy snaw.

The plateaus are considerably mair extreme watherwise. Temperaturs are wairm durin simmer days, wi the same range as in the coast, an ceuler nichts belaw 10&nbsp;°C (50&nbsp;°F). Housomeivver, as faw approaches, nicht frost becomes the rule, an winters can whiles be quite severe. Dependin on elevation, daytime heichs range frae 3&nbsp;°C (37&nbsp;°F) tae 9&nbsp;°C (48&nbsp;°F), while nichttime laws go frae −1&nbsp;°C (30&nbsp;°F) tae as law as −6&nbsp;°C (21&nbsp;°F). The lawest temperaturs go frae −25&nbsp;°C tae −30&nbsp;°C (−13 tae −22&nbsp;°F) wi severe wind chill. Snaw is common, but in law quantities due tae aridity.

The wast becomes wetter as we approach the Andes, an some spots attain 4,000&nbsp;mm o rainfaw. Simmers are ceul an windy, at 20&nbsp;°C tae 22&nbsp;°C (68 tae 74&nbsp;°F) durin the day an 5&nbsp;°C tae 7&nbsp;°C (41 tae 45&nbsp;°F) at nicht. Winters are vera stormy, wi rain, sleet an snaw, heichs frae 4&nbsp;°C tae 8&nbsp;°C (39 tae 47&nbsp;°F) at law altitudes, an laws frae 0&nbsp;°C (32&nbsp;°F) tae −4&nbsp;°C (25&nbsp;°F). Temperaturs rarely dip belaw −20&nbsp;°C (−4&nbsp;°F) but hivy snaw mey occur.

Altitudes ower 1,000 m hae constant winter snaw civer, an ower 2,000 m, the snaw remains till midsimmer. Heicher peaks are hivily glaciatit.

## Media

### Newspapers
Thare are a nummer o prent newspapers includin: 
* *Crónica* an *El Patagónico* in Comodoro Rivadavia
* *El Oeste* in Esquel
* *El Diario de Madryn* in Puerto Madryn
* *El Chubut* an *Jornada* in Trelew
* *Y Drafod*, Welsh leid newspaper syne 1891
* *Clecs Camwy*, new Welsh monthly newspaper, 2011

### Online jurnalism
Online jurnalism haes a sma, growin presence in Chubut. The sax prent newspapers hae online edeetions; but thir are anerlie updatit ivery 24 oors. Some new digital proposals mak a better uise o wab's potential. Ane case is Infochubut.com, a recent publication that wirks wi audio, video, text an photographs for its news an affers forums for public pairticipation. Some radio stations in northwast Chubut began tae publish online some o the interviews thay mak in thare radio studies.

### Radio
The maist populous ceeties are served bi AM radio stations lik Chubut Radio an Three Radio in Trelew, Golfo Nuevo's Radio in Puerto Madryn, National Radio in Comodoro, Rivadavia an Esquel. Thare are several FM radio stations which broadcast programs frae a naitional central office an aw.

### Televeesion
The provincial govrenment runs a TV netwirk that covers the province. In Trelew, Comodoro Rivadavia, Esquel, Puerto Madryn an in some sma touns thare are ither local TV stations producin local programmin tae supplement the programmin receivit frae the Buenos Aires netwirks. In 2004 mony Welsh Argentines asked the Welsh Govrenment for access tae Welsh-leid channel S4C.

## Tourism

Tourism is a growin industrie an aw. The main attractions are Peninsula Valdés an ither marine wildlife reservoirs sic as Punta Tombo an Punta Ninfas, wi richt whales, eared seals, elephant seals, penguins, orcas an mony ither ainimals. At the Punta Tombo steid thare is ane o the lairgest breedin auries for the Magellanic penguin.

Further sooth, on the sparsely populatit beaches o the Golfo San Jorge, is the anerlie place in the warld whaur the peculiar, flichtless Chubut Steamer Duck can be observit. In the Andean region, the Los Alerces National Park, impressive lakes an hikes near Esquel are visitit ivery year bi mony tourists. The 'Old Patagonian Express' (ketn as *La Trochita* an aw), the auld steam train made famous bi Paul Theroux, attracts mony tae Esquel, as daes the *La Hoya* ski center. The petrifeed forest near Sarmiento is a 150&nbsp;km² pairk wi some o the lairgest fossilisit trees in the warld.

## Transport
The Ruta Nacional 3 runs alang the coast line up tae Buenos Aires, an doun tae Tierra del Fuego. *The Ruta Nacional 25* crosses Chubut frae east tae wast, connectin Trelew an Esquel, but hauf o it haes no yet been pavit. Regular lang distance buses run several times a day tae Buenos Aires, an tae mony locations in the Santa Cruz Province. Short range buses tae touns in Chubut run at least ance a day. Thare are daily simmer buses on the route #25 an aw.
The Trelew airport (IATA **REL**) serves regular flichts tae/frae Buenos Aires an El Calafate. Airports are maintained at Comodoro Rivadavia, Rawson an Esquel an aw.

Major heich-gates include:
*Route 2, frae Puerto Pirámides an Península Valdés 
*Route 3, north-sooth via Trelew an Comodoro Rivadavia
*Route 26, wast frae Comodoro Rivadavia (223&nbsp;km)
*Route 20, which continues north 178&nbsp;km tae Jose de San Martín
*Route 22, north frae Perito Moreno (Santa Cruz province) 125&nbsp;km
*Route 25, wast frae Trelew (341&nbsp;km)
*Route 62, which continues wast 166&nbsp;km tae jyne Route 40 at Tecka
*Route 40, travelin north 266&nbsp;km via Esquel tae Cabeza del Indio
*Route 30, east 73&nbsp;km frae Route 3 tae the coast at Camarones
*Route 259, wast frae Esquel tae Chile.

Fower ither roads traivel wast tae Chile's Aysén Region, includin Balmaceda an Coihaique Alto, an twa tae Chile's Los Lagos Region frae Corcovado tae Palena an frae Esquel via Trevelin tae Futaleufu.

## Poleetical diveesions

The province is dividit intae 15 depairtments
(Spainyie: *departamentos*).

Depairtment (Caipital)

# Cushamen Depairtment (Cushamen)
# Escalante Depairtment (Comodoro Rivadavia)
# Florentino Ameghino Depairtment (Camarones)
# Futaleufú Depairtment (Esquel)
# Gaiman Depairtment (Gaiman)
# Gastre Depairtment (Gastre)
# Languiñeo Depairtment (Tecka)
# Mártires Depairtment (Las Plumas)
# Paso de Indios Depairtment (Paso de Indios)
# Rawson Depairtment (Rawson)
# Río Senguer Depairtment (Alto Río Senguer)
# Sarmiento Department (Sarmiento)
# Tehuelches Depairtment (José de San Martín)
# Telsen Depairtment (Telsen)
# Biedma Depairtment (Puerto Madryn)

## Institutions
Chubut is covered bi the Roman Catholic Diocese o Comodoro Rivadavia. The Cathedral, dedicatit tae San Juan Bosco is in Comodoro Rivadavia an the Bishop syne 2005 is Virginio Domingo Bressanelli. Ither faiths are active in Chubut, principally amangst the Welsh chapels as well as Lutheran an Muslim places o wirship in Comodoro.

The varsity—Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco—is based in Comodoro Rivadavia wi campuses at Esquel, Trelew an Puerto Madryn, as well as in Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego.

## References

## Freemit airtins
* Infochubut - Online journalism  (Spaingie)
* Chubut's Offeecial Page  (Spaingie)