Vladimir Lenin

**** (Roushie: *Влади́мир Ильи́ч Ле́нин*),  (22 Aprile (10t April A.S.), 1870 – 21 Januar, 1924) wis a Roushian revolutionary, the heid o the Bolshevik pairtie. Lenin wis a pen-name; he wis born Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (*Улья́нов*). He wis the first heid o the Soviet Union. He's kent as the foonder o Leninism an aw, that wis cried Marxism-Leninism bi Joseph Stalin later on.

At schuil, Lenin did weel at the Laitin an the Greek. Houaniver, in 1887 he wis rejectit frae Kazan State Varsitie for bein ower radical an protestin agin the Tsar, that wis the leader o Roushie at the time. In that year, his brither Alexander Ulyanov wis hanged for his pairt in a bomb plot tae kill Tsar Alexander III. Lenin went on studyin bi hissel, an in 1881 he gat a license tae be a lawer.

While he wis studyin law in the Roushian caipital St Petersburg, he learnt aboot the thochts o Karl Marx an Friedrich Engels. Acause Marxism wisna alloued in Roushie, Lenin wis liftit an pitten in the jyle for a year, than exiled tae Siberie.

In Julie o 1898, whan he wis in Siberie, Lenin mairiet a socialist wumman, Nadezhda Krupskaya. In 1899, he set furth a beuk cried *The Development o Caipitalism in Roushie*. In 1900, Lenin wis lowsed frae Siberia.

Aifter he wis alloued tae leave Siberia, Lenin straivaigit aboot Europe. He began tae set furth a Marxist tract or newspaper, cryed *Iskra* ("Spark"). He became a hie-up member o the Roushian Social Democratic Labour Pairtie, or RSDLP.

In 1903, Lenin haed an airgiement wi anither leader o the RSDLP, Julius Martov. This airgiment, aboot the organisation o the Pairtie (Lenin wantit a strict, centralised, an disciplined model - Martov a less strict, less centralised ane) dividit the pairtie in twa. Martov's uphauders became kent as Mensheviks ("minority"), Lenin's uphauders as Bolsheviks ("majority"). In fact Martov's uphauders wis a majority in the RSDLP, but Lenin's uphauders haed a majority on *Iskra*'s editorial buird, whaur the name wis taen frae.

Lenin flittit tae Finland in 1907, acause it wis saufer for Marxists in Finland nor in Roushie. He stravaigit aboot Europe, visitin monie socialist convenes an events. Durin this time he bydit in different airts like Lunnon, Paris an, durin Warld War I, in Geneva. Whan war brak oot, the Seicont Internaitional, that includit the Bolsheviks, brak doun, whan sindrie memmer pairties uphaudit thair kintras in the war, gaun awa frae the Marxist idea o internaitionalism. Lenin an the Bolsheviks wis ane o a haundfu o groups an fowk juist that stuid agin the war for Marxist reasons.

## 1917
Efter Tsar Nicholas II abdicatit acause o the Februar Revolution, Lenin gaed back tae Roushie. He became an important Bolshevik heid, an set furth the *April Theses* anent whit he sayed wis mistaks o the new middle-cless govrenment o Kerensky; he cawed for a warkers' revolution tae owerthraw the govrenment. Lenin spak aboot mistaks o monie memmers o the Bolshevik Central Committee an aw (includin Zinoviev, Kamenev an Stalin) that helpit the govrenment tae haud on fechtin the war, agin whit the Leninists wantit.

Durin Julie 1917, whan Lenin wis fund guilty o bein fundit bi the Germans, he haed tae flee tae Finland.

In October 1917, the Bolsheviks unner Lenin an Trotsky wis at the heid o the St Petersburg Soviet and ither Soviets aw ower Roushie takkin pouer frae Kerensky's Proveesional Guvrenment; this wis kent as the October Revolution, an it resultit in the first Communist state in warld history.
 
On November 8, 1917, Lenin wis waled Premier o the Soviet Union bi the Congress o Roushie Soviets. 

Acause o the German invasion o Warld War I, he signed the Treaty o Brest-Litovsk. Roushie syne tynt a lot o laund, but the Germans didna invade onie mair.

Aifter he becam leader, Lenin shut doun the Constituent Assembly. He shut doun aw ither poleetical groups that wisna Communist an aw. No lang efter, Fanya Kaplan, an anarchist, shot Lenin three times wi a revolver.

Durin the Roushian Ceevil Weir, Lenin stairtit war communism. Houaniver, aifter the war, Lenin brocht in the New Economic Policy. Some private enterprise wis alloued, but no muckle.

Frae whan Kaplan shot Lenin, he stairtit haein monie strokes. Bi Mey 1922, he wis sair paralysed. Aifter a stroke in Mairch 1923, he cuidna spaek or muve. Lenin's fowert stroke kilt him in Januar 1924.

The ceety of St. Petersburg wis renamed Leningrad, but efter the Soviet Union fell in 1991 it got cawed St. Petersburg again. 

Afore Lenin dee'd, he sayed he wantit tae be birriet aside his mither.  Whan he dee'd, the Communist guvrenmen lat the fowk o Roushie come an leuk at him.  Acause fowk keepit on comin, thay decidit no tae birry him.  A mausoleum wis biggit in Reid Square, Moscow, ower Lenin's bodie, sae that fowk cuid aye see him.

Efter a pouer struggle in the Communist Pairtie, he wis replaced bi Joseph Stalin as leader o the Soviet Union. Lenin's last testament sayed that Stalin wis ower rude an rauchie an shuid be gart demit frae the poseetion o General Secretar o the Communist Pairtie; houaniver, thon testament wis suppressed bi Stalin an his uphauders aifter Lenin's daith.

## References

## Fremmit airtins
* V.I.Lenin.info: voting about carrying out of a body of Lenin from the Mausoleum. (Russian)  (Red - against, Dark blue - for, Grey - I abstain)