open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Nagaland

**Nagaland**  is a state in Northeast Indie. It haes a aurie o  wi a population o 1,980,602 per the 2011 Census o Indie, makkin it ane o the smawest states o Indie.

## References

## Freemit airtins
* 
* State Portal of the Government of Nagaland
*
G20

The **G20** (or **G-20** or **Group o Twinty**) is an internaitional forum for the govrenments an central bank govrenors frae 20 major economies. It wis foondit in 1998* wi the aim o studyin, reviewin, an promotin heich-level discussion o policy issues pertainin tae the promotion o internaitional financial stability. It seeks tae address issues that gang beyond the responsibilities o ony ane organisation. The G20 heids o govrenment or heids o state hae periodically conferred at summits syne thair ineetial meetin in 2008, an the group an aa hosts separate meetins o finance meenisters an central bank govrenors.
https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-does-g20-do.:•

## References
César Gabriel de Choiseul, Duke o Praslin

**César Gabriel de Choiseul, Duke o Praslin** (15 August 1712 – 15 November 1785) wis a French Duke an diplomat. He wis kent as the Marquis o Choiseul afore bein made the first Duke o Praslin in 1762.  He wis an aa a cousin o Étienne François de Choiseul, Duke o Choiseul. Praslin Island, ane o the Seychelles, wis named efter him. The villages o Choiseul an Praslin in Saunt Lucia are an aa named efter him.

## Marriage an children

On 30 Apryle 1732 he mairit Anne Marie de Champagne de Villaines de La Suze. The couple haed issue. She built the Hôtel de Choiseul in Paris.

## Issue

# Renaud César de Choiseul, Duke o Praslin (le 18 Januar 1735 - 5 December 1791) mairit Guyonne Marguerite Philippin de Durfort an haed issue.
# Élisabeth Céleste Adélaïde de Choiseul, mairit Florent Alexandre Melchior de la Baume, Coont o Montrevel.

## Ither wabsteids
Marie Thérèse de Choiseul

**Marie Thérèse Françoise de Choiseul** (1767–27 Julie 1794) wis a French noblewoman an later a member o the Hoose o Grimaldi bi mairiage. She wis also a niece o Étienne François de Choiseul, Duke o Choiseul (a minister o Keeng Louis XV) She wis executed in the French Revolution.

## Mairiage

Marie Thérèse mairit Prince Joseph o Monaco on 6 Aprile 1782. The mairiage produced three childer, only one o whom left descendants

## Issue

# Princess Marie Camille Grimaldi o Monaco (22 Aprile 1784 – 8 Mai 1879) mairit René, Marquis o La Tour du Pin an haed issue.
# Princess Athénais Grimaldi o Monaco (2 Juin 1786 – 11 September 1860) mairit Auguste Le Tellier, Marquis o Louvois but haed nae issue.
# Princess Delphine Grimaldi o Monaco (born 22 Julie 1788)

## Ither wabsteids
Fluid (naitural disaster)

A **fluid** is an owerflow o watter that submerges laund which is uisually dry. The European Union (EU) Floods Directive defines a fluid as a coverin bi watter o laund nae normally covered bi watter. In the sense o "flowin watter", the wird mey an aa be applee'd tae the inflow o the tide.

## References
Fluid

**Fluid** uisually refers tae:
*Fluid (naitural disaster), an owerflow or accumulation o an expanse o watter that submerges laund.
*Fluid (pheesics), substance that continually deforms (flows) unner an applee'd shear stress

**Fluid** mey an aa refer tae:
*FLUID, a uiser interface design program
*Fluid (baund), an American progressive rock baund
*Fluid (wab brouser), a WebKit-based steid-speceefic brouser for Mac OS X
*''Fluid'' (Lil' Fizz sang), a sang bi rapper Lil' Fizz
*''Fluid'' (video gemme), a gemme for the Sony PlayStation
*Fluid solution, a solution tae an equation in general relativity
*The Fluid, an American rock baund
*Fluid, Inc, an e-commerce services company
*A sexual orientation

## See an aa
*Bouk fluid
Hindustani leid

**Hindustani** (), colloquially kent bi some as **Hamari/Apni Boli** (lit. our leid), historically forby kent as **Hindavi**, **Dehlvi** an **[[Rekhta]]**, is the *[[lingua franca]]* o North Indie an Pakistan.

## Notes


## References
Truith

**Truith** (an aa spelled **suith** or **trowth**) is maist eften uised tae mean bein in accord wi fact or reality, or fidelity tae an oreeginal or staundart. Truth mey an aa eften be uised in modren contexts tae refer tae an idea o "truith tae sel," or authenticity.

## References
Dentistry

**Dentistry** is a brainch o medicin that is ensorlt in the study, diagnosis, forfendin, an treatment o diseases, disorders an condeetions o the oral cavity, commonly in the denteetion but the oral mucosa, an o adjacent an relatit structurs an tishies forby, pairteecularly in the maxillofacial (jaw an facial) aurie. Awtho primarily associatit wi teeth amang the general public, the field o dentistry or dental medicin isna limitit tae teeth but includes ither aspects o the craniofacial complex includin the temperomandibular an ither supportin structurs. The term dentistry comes frae **odontology** (frae Auncient Greek ὀδούς (odoús, "tuith")) – the study o the structur, development, an abnormalities o the teeth. Acause thare substantial owerlap in thir concept, dentistry is aften unnerstuid tae subsume the nou lairgely defunct medical specialty o stomatology (the study o the mooth an its disorders an diseases), for that raison the twa terms is uised interchyngeably in certain pairts.

## Notes


## References
Epilepsy

**Epilepsy** is a group o neurological disorders chairacterised bi epileptic seizurs. Epileptic seizurs are episodes that can vary frae brief an nearly undetectable tae lang periods o vigorous shakin. Thir episodes can result in pheesical injuries includin occasionally braken banes. In epilepsy, seizurs tend tae recur an as a rule, hae na immediate unnerlyin cause. Isolatit seizurs that are provoked bi a speceefic cause such as pushionin are nae deemed tae represent epilepsy. Fowk wi epilepsy in some auries o the warld experience stigma due tae the condeetion.

## References
Numerical control

**Computer numerical control** (**CNC**) is the automation o machine tuils bi means o computers executin pre-programmed sequences o machine control commands. This is in contrast tae machines that are manually controlled bi haund wheels or levers, or mechanically automatit bi cams alane.

## References
Weed

A **weed** is a plant conseedert undesirable in a pairteecular situation, "a plant in the wrang place". Examples commonly are plants unwantit in human-controlled settins, such as ferm fields, gairdens, lawns, an pairks.
Andrea Palladio

**Andrea Palladio** (; 30 November 1508&nbsp;– 19 August 1580) wis an Italian airchitect active in the Republic o Venice. Palladio, influenced bi Roman an Greek airchitectur, primarily bi Vitruvius, is widely conseedert tae be the maist influential indiveedual in the history o airchitectur. Aw o his biggins are locatit in whit wis the Venetian Republic, but his teachins, summarised in the airchitectural treatise, *[[I quattro libri dell'architettura|The Fower Beuks o Airchitectur]]*, gained him wide recogneetion. The ceety o Vicenza an the Palladian Villas o the Veneto are UNESCO Warld Heritage Steids.

Monument to Andrea Palladio (Vicenza).jpg|Andrea Palladio
Basilica Palladiana (Vicenza) - facade on Piazza dei signori.jpg|Basilica Palladiana
Palazzo del Capitanio (Vicenza).jpg|Palazzo del Capitanio
Palazzo Chiericati (Vicenza).jpg| Palazzo Chiericati
Interior of Teatro Olimpico (Vicenza) scena .jpg|Teatro Olimpico
Basilica di San Giorgio Maggiore (Venice).jpg|San Giorgio Maggiore


## References
George Adam

**George James Adam** (born 8 Juin 1969) is a Scots Naitional Pairty politeecian, an is the Member o the Scots Pairlament for the Paisley constituency, first electit in 2011 an then again in 2016. He wis appyntit tae Parliamentary Liaison Officer poseetioned in baith sessions till September 2016. Adam wis previously an SNP member o Renfrewshire Cooncil frae 2007 tae 2012.

Syne May 2021, Adam wis Meenister for Pairlamentary Business.

## References
Philip K. Dick

**Philip Kindred Dick** (16 December 19282 Mairch 1982) wis an American writer, that published warks mainly belanging tae the genre o science feection. Dick explored philosophical, sociological an poleetical themes in novelles wi plots dominatit bi monopolistic corporations, authoritarian govrenments, alternate universes, an altered states o consciousness. His wark reflectit his personal interest in metaphysics an theology, an eften drew upon his life experiences in addressin the naitur o reality, identity, drog abuise, schizophrenia, an transcendental experiences.
Arthur C. Clarke

**Sir Arthur Charles Clarke**, CBE, FRAS (16 December 1917&nbsp;– 19 Mairch 2008) wis a Breetish science feection writer, science writer an futurist, inventor, unnersea explorer, an telly series host.

## References
Constantine P. Cavafy

**Constantine P. Cavafy** (kent as **Konstantin** or **Konstantinos Petrou Kavafis**, or **Kavaphes** an aw; ; Aprile 29 (Aprile 17, AS), 1863  – Aprile 29, 1933) wis an Egyptian Greek poet, jurnalist an ceevil servant. His consciously indiveedual style earned him a place amang the maist important figurs nae anly in Greek poetry, but in Wastren poetry as well.

## References
Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o

**Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o** (; born 5 Januar 1938; deed 28 Mey 2025) wis a Kenyan writer, umwhile wirkin in Inglis an later wirkin in Kikuyu. His wark includes novelles, plays, short stories, an essays, rangin frae leeterar an social creeticism tae childer's leeteratur. He is the foonder an eeditor o the Gikuyu-leid jurnal *[[Mũtĩiri]]*.

## References
Guillaume Apollinaire

**Guillaume Apollinaire** (; 26 August 1880 – 9 November 1918) wis a French poet, playwricht, short story writer, novelist, an airt creetic o Pols strynd.
Stendhal

**Marie-Henri Beyle** (; 23 Januar 1783 – 23 Mairch 1842), better kent bi his pen name **Stendhal** ( or ;), wis a 19t-century French writer. Best kent for the novelles *Le Rouge et le Noir* (*[[The Reid an the Black]]*, 1830) an *La Chartreuse de Parme* (*[[The Chairterhoose o Parma]]*, 1839), he is heichly regairdit for the acute analysis o his chairacters' psychology an conseedert ane o the earliest an foremaist practeetioners o realism.

## References
Muhammad Iqbal

**Sir Allama Muhammad Iqbal** () (November 9, 1877 – Aprile 21, 1938),  widely kent as **Allama Iqbal** (), was a poet, Philosopher, an politicion, as well as an academic, barrister a scholar in Breetish India wha is widely regairdit as haein inspired the Pakistan Muivement. He is cried the "Spiritual faither o Pakistan". He is conseedert ane o the maist important feegurs in Urdu leeteratur, wi leeterar wark in baith the Urdu an Persie leids.

Allama Iqbal was born on 9th November at Sialkot, in 1877. His parents Noor Muhammad and Imam Bibi were pious and religious persons.

He passed his matriculation and intermediate exams in 1893 and 1895 respectively. He did his B.A from Government College, Lahore in 1897 and M.A in philosophy in 1899. He took his Doctorate Degree from Munich (Germany). His thesis was "Philosophy Of Ajam". After talking his Barrister's Degree from London, In 1908; he returned home.

After returning from England he started practice as a Barrister in 1908. The poet was born in him from early age. He wrote poetry under inspiration. He had written poetry in Urdu and Persian. Allama Iqbal has left valuable and voluminous treasures of Poetry and Prose after him. The following are famous poetic works of Iqbal: Israr Khudi (1915), Ramuz-e-Bekhudi (1918) Paigham-e-Mashriq (1923), Javed Nama (1932) and Musafir (1934) are his great works in Persian. Bange-e-Dira (1924) Bal-e-Jibrael (1935) and Zarb-e-Kaleem (1936) are famous collections in Urdu. The famous Prose collection of Iqbal's lectures is 'The Reconstruction Of Religious Thoughts In Islam'.

Iqbal was a great mystic, a sufi. The poet of Khudi (I-am-ness) lived  a very simple and contented life. His talks were full of wisdom and humor. He generally shunned poet's gatherings (Mushairas). He was indifferent to wealth and fame. Iqbal had good command on 'English, German and Arabic Languages'.

He was greatly moved on seeing the down-troddenness and miserable condition of the Indian Muslims. He kept away from practical politics. But seeing the conditions of ummat-e-Muslaman, he came forrit to serve them. He inspired them with his poetry. He was also elected to the Punjab Legislature in 1928. He attended round table confidences at London in 1931-32.

It was Allama Iqbal who for the first time presented the idea of separate Home-Land (Pakistan) for the Indian Muslims. He was the originator of the two-nations theory. He was not only poet and great thinker but also a great moralist, a reformer and an educationist. Iqbal breathed his last on 21st april, 1938 and is buried in the compound of grand Badshahi Mosque, Lahore.

## References
Ismail Kadaré

**Ismail Kadare** (, spelt *Kadaré* an aa; born 28 Januar 1936; deed 1 Julie 2024) wis an Albanie novelist an poet. He haes been a leadin leeterar figur in Albanie sin the 1960s. He focused on poetry till the furthsettin o his first novelle, *The General o the Deid Airmy*, that makkit him kenspeckle athin an ootside o Albanie. In 1996, he became a lifetime member o the Academy o Moral an Poleetical Sciences o Fraunce.

## References
W. H. Auden

**Wystan Hugh Auden** (; 21 Februar 1907&nbsp;– 29 September 1973) wis an Inglis poet, wha later acame an American ceetizen. He is best kent for luve poems such as "Funeral Blues," poems on poleetical an social themes such as "September 1, 1939" an "The Shield of Achilles," poems on cultural an psychological themes such as *[[The Age of Anxiety]],* an poems on releegious themes such as "For the Time Being" an "Horae Canonicae."

## References
C. S. Lewis

**Clive Staples Lewis** (29 November 1898 – 22 November 1963) wis a Breetish novelist, poet, academic, medievalist, leeterar creetic, essayist, lay theologian, broadcaster, lecturer, an Christian apologist. He held academic poseetions at baith Oxford Varsity (Magdalen College, 1925–1954) an Cambridge Varsity (Magdalene College, 1954–1963). He is best kent for his warks o feection, especially *[[The Screwtape Letters]]*, *[[The Chronicles of Narnia]]*, an *[[The Space Trilogy]]*, an for his non-feection Christian apologetics, such as *[[Mere Christianity]]*, *[[Miracles (beuk)|Miracles]]*, an *[[The Problem of Pain]]*.
Henry Miller

**Henry Valentine Miller** (December 26, 1891 – Juin 7, 1980) wis an American writer. He wis kent for breakin wi existin leeterar forms, developin a new sort o semi-autobiographical novelle that blendit chairacter study, social creeticism, filosofical reflection, expleecit leid, sex, surrealist free association, an mysticism. His maist chairacteristic warks o this kynd are *[[Tropic of Cancer (novelle)|Tropic of Cancer]]* (1934), *[[Black Spring (novelle)|Black Spring]]* (1936), *[[Tropic of Capricorn (novelle)|Tropic of Capricorn]]* (1939) an *[[The Rosy Crucifixion]]* trilogy (1949–59), aw o whilk are based on his experiences in New York an Paris, an aw o whilk wis banned in the Unitit States till 1961. He wrate traivel memoirs an leeterar criticism, an pentit wattercolours. He wis the lover o Anaïs Nin.

## References
Ivan Vazov

**Ivan Minchov Vazov** () (June 27, 1850 OS – September 22, 1921) wis a Bulgarie poet, novelist an playwricht, eften referred tae as "the Patriarch o Bulgarie leeteratur".
Hiroshige

**Utagawa Hiroshige** (), an aa **Andō Hiroshige** (; 1797&nbsp;– 12 October 1858), wis a Japanese ukiyo-e airtist, conseedert the last great master o that tradeetion.
Renzo Piano

**Renzo Piano**,  (; born 14 September 1937) is an Italian airchitect an ingineer. His notable biggins include the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris (wi Richard Rogers, 1977), The Shard in Lunnon (2012), an the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York Ceety (2015). He wan the Pritzker Airchitectur Prize in 1998.
Ronnie James Dio

**Ronnie James Dio**  (born **Ronald James Padavona**; Julie 10, 1942Mey 16, 2010) wis an American hivy metal sangster, sangwriter an muisicker. He frontit an/or foondit numerous groups includin Elf, Rainbow, Black Sabbath, Dio, an Heaven & Hell.

## References
Bruce Dickinson

**Paul Bruce Dickinson** (born 7 August 1958), kent professionally as **Bruce Dickinson**, is an Inglis sangster, sangwriter, muisicker, airline pilot, author an broadcaster. He is the lead sangster o the hivy metal baund Iron Maiden an is renained for his wide-rangin operatic vocal style an energetic stage presence.
David Coverdale

**David Coverdale** (born 22 September 1951) is an Inglis rock sangster best kent for his pouerfu bluesy vyce an his wark wi Whitesnake, a haurd rock baund he foondit in 1978.

## References
Twenty One Pilots

**Twenty One Pilots** (stylised as **TWENTY ØNE PILØTS** an whiles shortened tae **TØP**) is an American muisical duo oreeginating fae Columbus, Ohio.
Dean Martin

**Dean Martin** (born **Dino Paul Crocetti**; Juin 7, 1917 – December 25, 1995) wis an Italian-American sangster, actor, an comedian. Ane o the maist popular an endurin American entertainers o the mid-20t century, Martin wis nicknamed the "King of Cool" for his seemingly effortless charisma an sel-assurance.

## References
Doris Day

**Doris Day** (born **Doris Mary Ann Kappelhoff**; Aprile 3, 1922; deed Mey 13, 2019) wis an American actress an sangster, an continuin ainimal welfare activist.

## Albums
* You're My Thrill (1949)
* Young Man with a Horn (1950)
* Tea for Two (1950)
* Lullaby of Broadway (1951)
* On Moonlight Bay (1951)
* I'll See You in My Dreams (1951)
* By the Light of the Silvery Moon (1953)
* Calamity Jane (1953)
* Young at Heart (1954)
* Love Me or Leave Me (1955)
* Day Dreams (1955)
* Day by Day (1956)
* The Pajama Game (1957)
* Day by Night (1957)
* Hooray for Hollywood (1958)
* Cuttin' Capers (1959)
* What Every Girl Should Know (1960)
* Show Time (1960)
* Listen to Day (1960)
* Bright and Shiny (1961)
* I Have Dreamed (1961)
* Duet (1962)
* You'll Never Walk Alone (1962)
* Billy Rose's Jumbo (1962)
* Annie Get Your Gun (1963)
* Love Him (1963)
* The Doris Day Christmas Album (1964)
* With a Smile and a Song (1964)
* Latin for Lovers (1965)
* Doris Day's Sentimental Journey (1965)
* The Love Album (1994)
* My Heart (2011)
Hank Williams

**Hiram King** "**Hank**" **Williams,** (; September 17, 1923 – Januar 1, 1953) wis an American sangster-sangwriter an muisicker. Regairdit as ane o the maist signeeficant an influential American sangsters an sangwriters o the 20t century, Williams recordit 35 singles (five released posthumously) that reached the Tap 10 o the *Billboard* Country & Western Best Sellers chart, includin 11 that ranked nummer ane (three posthumously).

## References
Pāṇini

**** (~6t–4t century BCE), or **Panini**, is the name o an auncient Sanskrit grammarian an a revered scholar in Hinduism. Conseedert the faither o Indie lingueestics, Panini likely lived in the northwast o the Indie subcontinent during the early Mahajanapada era.

## Notes


## References
George Berkeley

**George Berkeley** (; 12 Mairch 168514 Januar 1753) — kent as **Bishop Berkeley** (Bishop o Cloyne) — wis an Erse filosofer whase primar achievement wis the advancement o a theory he cried "immaterialism" (later referred tae as "subjective idealism" bi ithers). This theory denies the exeestence o material substance an insteid contends that familiar objects lik tables an chairs are anly ideas in the minds o perceivers an, as a result, canna exeest withoot bein perceived. Berkeley is an aa kent for his critique o abstraction, an important premise in his argument for immaterialism.

## References
Erasmus

**Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus** (28 October 1466 – 12 Julie 1536), kent as **Erasmus** or **Erasmus o Rotterdam**, wis a Dutch/Netherlandish Renaissance humanist, Catholic priest, social creetic, teacher, an theologian.

## Notes

## References
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing

**Gotthold Ephraim Lessing** (; 22 Januar 1729 – 15 Februar 1781) wis a German writer, filosofer, dramatist, publicist an airt creetic, an ane o the maist ootstaundin representatives o the Enlichtenment era. His plays an theoretical writins substantially influenced the development o German leeteratur. He is widely conseedert bi theatre historians tae be the first dramaturg in his role at Abel Seyler's Hamburg Naitional Theatre.

## References
Max Scheler

**Max Ferdinand Scheler** (; 22 August 1874 – 19 Mey 1928) wis a German philosopher kent for his wark in phenomenology, ethics, an filosofical anthropology.
Palais Royal

The **Palais Royal** is a biggin in Paris. Originally biggit for Cardinal Richelieu to hoose his muckle art collection an wis cried the ***Palais Cardinal***. It wis started in 1633 an wis completed in 1639. When Richelieu died in 1642 it wis left to the young Keeng Louis XIV who renamed it the *Palais Royal*. Eventually gave the king gave the property tae his younger brither Philippe o Fraunce, Duke o Orléans in 1692. Philippe's son Philippe, Duke o Orléans, Regent o Fraunce also lived here. The future Philippe Égalité also made some structural additions in honour o his 1769 mairiage tae Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon, ''Mademoiselle de Penthièvre''. The future Keeng Louis Philippe I o the French wis born in the palais in 1773. Today the building became the home o the ''Conseil d'État'' (Council o State).

## Ither wabsteids
Friedrich Schleiermacher

**Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher** (; November 21, 1768 – Februar 12, 1834) wis a German theologian, philosopher, an biblical scholar kent for his attempt tae reconcile the creeticisms o the Enlichtenment wit tradeetional Protestant Christianity.

## References
Theodor W. Adorno

**Theodor W. Adorno** (; ; born **Theodor Ludwig Wiesengrund**; September 11, 1903&nbsp;– August 6, 1969) wis a German philosopher, sociologist, an componer kent for his creetical theory o society.

## References
Emanuel Swedenborg

**Emanuel Swedenborg** (; born **Emanuel Swedberg** on 29 Januar 1688; dee'd 29 Mairch 1772) wis a Swadish scientist, philosopher, theologian, revelator, an mystic.  He is best kent for his beuk on the efterlife, *[[Heiven an Hell (Swedenborg)|Heiven an Hell]]* (1758).

## References
Martin Buber

**Martin Buber** (, , ; Februar 8, 1878&nbsp;– Juin 13, 1965) wis an Austrick-born Israeli Jewish philosopher best kent for his filosofie o dialogue, a form o exeestentialism centred on the distinction atween the I–Thou relationship an the I–It relationship.

## References
Ernst Cassirer

**Ernst Cassirer** (; Julie 28, 1874 – Aprile 13, 1945) wis a German philosopher. Trained within the Neo-Kantian Marburg Schuil, he ineetially follaed his mentor Hermann Cohen in attemptin tae supply an idealistic filosofie o science; efter Cohen's daith, he developed a theory o seembolism, an uised it tae expand phenomenology o knawledge intae a mair general filosofie o cultur. He is ane o the leadin 20t century advocates o filosofical idealism.

## References
Benedetto Croce

**Benedetto Croce** (; 25 Februar 1866&nbsp;– 20 November 1952) wis an Italian idealist philosopher, historian an  politeecian. He wrote on numerous topics, includin filosofie, history, historiografie an aesthetics. He wis a leeberal, awtho he opponed laissez-faire free tred an haed conseederable influence on ither Italian intellectuals, includin baith Marxist Antonio Gramsci an fascist Giovanni Gentile.

## References
Multiculturalism

**Multiculturalism** is the exeestence o multiple cultural tradeetions within a single kintra, uisually conseedert in terms o the cultur associatit wi an aboriginal ethnic group an foreigner ethnic groups. This can happen when a jurisdiction is creatit or expandit bi amalgamatin auries wi twa or mair different culturs (e.g. French Canadae an Inglis Canadae) or throu immigration frae different jurisdictions aroond the world (e.g. Unitit States, Australie, Canadae, Brazil, Unitit Kinrick, New Zealand, an mony ither kintras).
Gilles Deleuze

**Gilles Deleuze** (; 18 Januar 1925&nbsp;– 4 November 1995) wis a French philosopher who, frae the early 1960s till his daith, wrote on philosophie, leeteratur, film, an fine airt. His maist popular warks war the twa volumes o *[[Capitalism and Schizophrenia]]*: *[[Anti-Oedipus]]* (1972) an *[[A Thousand Plateaus]]* (1980), baith co-written wi psychoanalyst Félix Guattari. His metapheesical treatise *[[Difference and Repetition]]* (1968) is conseedert bi mony scholars tae be his magnum opus. A. W. Moore, citin Bernard Williams's criteria for a great thinker, ranks Deleuze amang the "greatest philosophers". His wark haes influenced a variety o disciplines athort philosophie an airt, includin leeterar theory, post-structuralism an postmodrenism.

## References
Zhuang Zhou

**Zhuang Zhou**, eften kent as **Zhuangzi** ("Master Zhuang"), wis an influential Cheenese philosopher wha lived aroond the 4t century BC during the Warrin States period, a period correspondin tae the summit o Cheenese philosophie, the Hunder Schuils o Thocht. He is creditit wi writin—in pairt or in whole—a wark kent bi his name, the *[[Zhuangzi (beuk)|Zhuangzi]]*, which expresses a philosophie o skepticism.

## Notes
Raymond Aron

**Raymond Claude Ferdinand Aron** (; 14 Mairch 1905 – 17 October 1983) wis a French filosofer, sociologist, jurnalist, an poleetical scientist.

## References
Hans-Georg Gadamer

**Hans-Georg Gadamer** (; Februar 11, 1900&nbsp;– Mairch 13, 2002) wis a German philosopher o the continental tradeetion, best kent for his 1960 magnum opus *[[Truith an Method]]* (*Wahrheit und Methode*) on hermeneutics.

## References
Hermeneutics

**Hermeneutics** is the theory an methodology o interpretation, especially the interpretation o biblical texts, wisdom leeteratur, an filosofical texts. It stairtit oot as a theory o text interpretation but haes been later broadened tae quaistiens o general interpretation.

## References
Jürgen Habermas

**Jürgen Habermas** (;born Juin, 18, 1929; deed Mairch 14, 2026) wis a German sociologist an philosopher in the tradeetion o creetical theory an pragmatism. He is aiblins best kent for his theories on communicative raitionality an the public sphere. In 2014, Prospect readers waled Habermas as ane o thair favourites amang the "warld's leadin thinkers."

## References
Marshall McLuhan

**Herbert Marshall McLuhan**,  (Julie 21, 1911&nbsp;– December 31, 1980) wis a Canadian professor, philosopher, an public intellectual. His wark is viewed as ane o the cornerstones o the study o media theory, as well as haein practical applications in the advertisin an telly industries.

## References
Ralph Waldo Emerson

**Ralph Waldo Emerson ** (Mey 25, 1803&nbsp;– Aprile 27, 1882) wis an American essayist, lecturer, an poet thit heidit the transcendentalist muivement o the mid-19t yearhunner. He wis seen as a champion o individualism an a prescient creetic o the coontervailin pressurs o society, an he disseminatit his thochts throu dizzens o published essays an mair nor 1,500 public lecturs oothrou the Unitit States.

## References
Miguel de Unamuno

**Miguel de Unamuno y Jugo** (29 September 1864 – 31 December 1936) wis a Spaingie essayist, novelist, poet, playwricht, philosopher, professor o Greek an Clessics, an later rector at the Varsity o Salamanca.

## References
Alfred North Whitehead

**Alfred North Whitehead**  (15 Februar 1861&nbsp;– 30 December 1947) wis an Inglis mathematician an philosopher. He is best kent as the definin feegur o the philosophical schuil kent as process philosophy, that the day haes fand application tae a wide variety o disciplines, including ecology, theology, eddication, physics, biology, economics, an psychology, amangst ither areas.

## References
Lise Meitner

**Lise Meitner** (7 November 1878 – 27 October 1968) wis an Austrick-Swadish pheesicist wha worked on radioactivity an nuclear pheesics. Otto Hahn an Meitner led the smaw group o scientists wha first discovered nuclear fission o uranium when it absorbed an extra neutron; the results war published in early 1939.

## References
Ammuneetion

**Ammuneetion** (noun, slang **ammo**) is the ordinar term uised for the material fire't, scaiteret, drappit or detonatit frae ony wappen, o wappen seestem.

It includes bombs, missiles, grenades, land mines an the pairts o ither wappens that directit at ae target (bullets an warheids).

## References
Greek fire

**Greek fire** wis an incendiary wappen uised bi the Eastren Roman (Byzantine) Empire. The Byzantines teepically uised it in naval battles tae great effect, as it could continue burnin while floatin on watter. It providit a technological advantage an wis responsible for mony key Byzantine militar victories, maist notably the salvation o Constantinople frae twa Arab sieges, thus securin the Empire's survival.
Conteener ship

**Conteener ships** is cargae ships at cairries aw o thair laid in truck-size intermodal conteeners, in a technique cried conteenerisaution. Thay are a common means o commercial intermodal fraucht transport frae the late 20t yeirhunner on an nou cairries maist seagangin non-bouk cargae.

## References

**Citit soorces**
*
*
Karl Popper

**Sir Karl Raimund Popper**  (28 Julie 1902&nbsp;– 17 September 1994) wis an Austrick-Breetish filosofer an professor. He is generally regairdot as ane o the greatest filosofers o science o the 20t century.

## References
Henry David Thoreau

**Henry David Thoreau** (Julie 12, 1817&nbsp;– Mey 6, 1862) wis an American essayist, poet, philosopher, aboleetionist, naituralist, tax reseester, development creetic, surveyor, an historian. A leadin transcendentalist, Thoreau is best kent for his beuk *[[Walden]]*, a reflection upon simple livin in naitural surroondins, an his essay "Civil Disobedience" (oreeginally published as "Resistance to Civil Government"), an argument for disobedience tae an unjust state.

## References
Marie Jeanne o Savoy

**Marie Jeanne o Savoy** (*Marie Jeanne Baptiste*; 11 Aprile 1644 - 15 Mairch 1724) wis a Princess o Savoy bi birth and wis the second wife o Charles Emmanuel II, Duke o Savoy. She wis the mither o Keeng Victor Amadeus II o Sardinia. She also acted as regent o Savoy for her son frae  Juin 1675 – May 1680. At the time of her death she wis the mither o the King o Sardinie as well as great grandmither o the Keeng o Spain an the Keeng o Fraunce as well as mither o the Keeng o Sardinie. She corresponded with Madame de Sévigné. "Mademoiselle de Soissons" wis named in her honour.

## Background

Born at the *Hôtel de Nemours* in Paris, she wis a dochter o Prince Charles Amadeus o Savoy, Duke o Nemours an his wife Élisabeth de Bourbon (hersel a descendant o Henry IV o Fraunce) Prior tae her mairiage Marie Jeanne wis styled *Mademoiselle de Nemours*, a reference tae her faither's title. Marie Jeanne's elder sister Marie Françoise (hersel the wife o twa Portuguese kings; Afonso VI an Pedro II)

## Mairiage

On 20 Mey 1665 *Mademoiselle de Nemours* mairit her distant cousin Charles Emmanuel II, Duke o Savoy

### Issue

# Victor Amadeus II (4 Mey 1666 – 31 October 1732) mairit Anne Marie d'Orléans an haed issue. Later the king o Sardinie.

## Teetles an styles

***11 Aprile 1644 – 20 Mey 1665** *Her Serene Highness* *Mademoiselle de Nemours*.
***20 Mey 1665 – 12 Juin 1675** *Her Highness* the Duchess o Savoy.
***12 Juin 1675 – 15 Mairch 1724** *Her Highness* the Dowager Duchess o Savoy.

## Ither wabsteids
Acacia exilis

***Acacia exilis*** is a species o wattle belangin tae the genus *[[Acacia]]* an the subgenus *Juliflorae*. It is native tae an area o the Pilbara region in Wastren Austrailie.

## References
Scienteefic method

The **scienteefic method** is a bouk o techniques for investigatin phenomena, acquirin new knawledge, or correctin an integratin previous knawledge. Tae be termed scienteefic, a method o inquiry is commonly based on empirical or meisurable evidence subject tae speceefic principles o raisonin. The Oxford Dictionaries Online define the scienteefic method as "a method or procedur that haes chairacterised naitural science syne the 17t century, conseestin in seestematic observation, meisurment, an experiment, an the formulation, testin, an modification o hypotheses". Experiments need tae be designed tae test hypotheses. The maist important pairt o the scienteefic method is the experiment.

## References

## Further readin
* Ziman, John (2000). Real Science: what it is, and what it means. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
* Fraassen, Bas C. van, The Scientific Image, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1980.
## External links

* An Introduction to Science: Scientific Thinking and a scientific method  by Steven D. Schafersman.
* Introduction to the scientific method 
* Theory-ladenness bi Paul Newall at The Galilean Library
* Lecture on Scientific Method by Greg Anderson
* Using the scientific method for designing science fair projects
* ''Scientific Methods'' an online book by Richard D. Jarrard
* Richard Feynman on the Key to Science
* Lectures on the Scientific Method bi Nick Josh Karean, Kevin Padian, Michael Shermer and Richard Dawkins
Marie Adélaïde o Savoy

**Marie Adélaïde o Savoy** (6 December 1685 - 12 Februar 1712) wis born a Princess o the duchy o Savoy an wis later the wife o Louis, Duke o Burgundy, Dauphin o Fraunce, himsel a grandson o Keeng Louis XIV o Fraunce. As a result o her marriage, Marie Adélaïde wad be the mither o the future Louis XV. She died o maisles in 1712 followed bi her husband a week later.

## Background

Born *Maria Adelaide* in Turin. She wis the eldest dochter o the Duke o Savoy an his wife Anne Marie d'Orléans (hersel a dochter o the French Duke o Orléans an brither o Keeng Louis XIV) Marie Adélaïde spet a lot o time wi her grandmother the Dowager Duchess o Savoy, an Marie Adélaïde's younger sister ''Maria Luisa'' Gabriella wad later be the queen o Spain as first wife o Philip V o Spain.

## Mairiage

On 6 December 1697, despite livin at Versailles for a year, Marie Adélaïde mairit Louis o Fraunce, Dauphin o Fraunce makin her the **Dauphine o Fraunce**, an due tae the daith o Queen Marie Thérèse in 1683, Marie Adélaïde became the maist senior female at the Ryal court o Versailles at the time o her arrival.  She wis kent simply as ***Madame la dauphine***.

## Issue

#Louis o Fraunce, Duke o Brittany (25 Juin 1704 – 13 Aprile 1705) died o convulsions;
#Louis o Fraunce, Duke o Brittany (8 Januar 1707 – 8 Mairch 1712) died o measles;
#Louis o Fraunce (future Louis XV o Fraunce) (15 Februar 1710 – 10 Mey 1774) first engaged tae Mariana Victoria o Spain; mairit Marie Leszczyńska an haed issue.

## Titles an styles

***6 December 1685 - 6 December 1697** Princess Marie Adélaïde o Savoy.
***6 December 1697 - 14 Aprile 1711**  The Duchess o Burgundy.
***14 Aprile 1711 - 23 Februar 1712** The Dauphine o Fraunce.

## Ither wabsteids
Petrol

**Petrol** is a transparent, petroleum-derived liquid that is uised primarily as a fuel in internal combustion ingines. It conseests maistly o organic compoonds obteened bi the fractional distillation o petroleum, enhanced wi a variety o additives.
Benidorm

**Benidorm** (; ) is a ceety in the province o Alicante in eastren Spain, on the Mediterranean coast.

## References
Chemical wappen

A **chemical wappen** (**CW**) is a specialised munition that uises chemicals formulatit tae inflict daith or hairm on human beins. The Organisation for the Prohibeetion o Chemical Wappens (OPCW) states: "The term chemical wappen mey an aa be applee'd tae ony toxic chemical or its precursor that can cause daith, injury, temporary incapacitation or sensory irritation throu its chemical action. Muneetions or ither delivery devices designed tae deliver chemical wappens, whether filled or unfilled, are an aa considered wappens themsels."

## References
Torrevieja

**Torrevieja** (,   ) is a seaside ceety an municipality locatit on the Costa Blanca in the province o Alicante, in sooth-eastren Spain.

## References
Florida panther

The **Florida panther** is a North American cougar *P. c. couguar* population. In Sooth Florida, it leeves in pinelands, tropical haurdwid hammocks, an mixed freshwater swamp forests.

## References

## Freemit airtins
Mingulay

**Mingulay** (, ) is the seicont lairgest o the Bishop's Isles in the Ooter Hebrides o Scotland. Locatit  sooth o Barra, it is kent for its important seabird populations, includin puffins, black-legged kittiwakes, an razorbills, which nest in the sea-cliffs, amangst the heichest in the Breetish Isles.

## References
Gigha

The **Isle o Gigha** (; ) is a smaw island off the wast coast o Kintyre in Scotland. The island forms part o Argyll an Bute an haes a uisually resident population o aboot 160 fowk. The climate is mild wi heicher nor average sunshine oors an the siles are fertile.

## References
Zog I o Albanie

**Zog I, King o the Albanians** (, ; 8 October 18959 Aprile 1961), born **Ahmet Muhtar Zogolli**, haen taen the surname **Zogu** in 1922, wis the heid ane o Albanie frae 1922 tae 1939. He first serd as Prime Meenister o Albanie (1922–1924), then as Preses (1925–1928), an hinnerly as Keeng (1928–1939). His ring as keing wis chairacterized bi oolin ceevil liberties an wis seemilar tae the concurrent regime in Italy.

## References
Berat

**Berat** is a ceety an a municipality locatit in sooth-central Albanie, an the caipital o the Coonty o Berat an an aa ane o the warld's auldest continuously inhaibitit ceeties. In Julie 2008, the auld toun crued *Mangalem destrict*, wis inscrived on the UNESCO Warld Heritage Leet. The municipality wis formed at the 2015 local govrenment reform bi the merger o the umwhile municipalities Berat, Otllak, Roshnik, Sinjë an Velabisht, that acame municipal units.

The seat o the municipality is the ceety Berat. The tot population is 60,031 (2011 census), in a tot aurie o . The population o the umwhile municipality at the 2011 census wis 32,606.

## References
Menton

**Menton** (; , written *Menton* in clessical norm or *Mentan* in Mistralian norm;  ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes depairtment in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in sootheastren Fraunce.

## Internaitional relations
Menton is twinned wi:

## References
Baden-Baden

**Baden-Baden** is a spa toun, locatit in the state o Baden-Württemberg in soothwastren Germany. It lies at the northwastren border o the Black Forest moontain range on the smaw river Oos, juist  east o the Rhine, the border line tae Fraunce, an aboot  north-east o Strasbourg, Fraunce.


Baden-Baden-Merkur-16-vom Battert-2010-gje.jpg|Moont Merkur
Baden-Baden-Festspielhaus-Alter Bahnhof-84-Schalterhalle-gje.jpg
Baden-Baden-Kurhaus-Casino-Florentiner Saal-10-gje.jpg
Baden-Baden-Trinkhalle-114-2006-gje.jpg
Baden-Baden-Kunsthalle-02-Deportation Class-2013-gje.jpg
Baden-Baden-Caracalla-Therme-42-gje.jpg
Baden-Baden-Friedrichsbad-73-2021-gje.jpg
Baden-Baden-Altes Dampfbad-14-2020-gje.jpg
Baden-Baden-Brenners Parkhotel-14-Villa Stephanie-gje.jpg
Baden-Baden-Augustaplatz-50-Haeuser-gje.jpg
Baden-Baden-Stourdza-Kapelle-13-2013-gje.jpg
Baden-Baden-Lichtentaler Allee-422-bei Brenners Parkhotel-Blick nach Norden-Sequoia-2013-gje.jpg


## References
Sarandë

**Saranda** or **Sarandë** (, *Agioi Saranda*, ) is a coastal toun in Vlorë Coonty, soothren o Albanie. Geografically, it is situatit on an open sea gulf o the Ionian Sea in the central Mediterranean, aboot  east o the north end o the Greek island o Corfu. Saranda teepically haes over 300 sunny days a year.
Korçë

**Korçë** (; () is a ceety and municipality in sootheastren Albanie, an the seat o Korçë Coonty. It wis formed at the 2015 local govrenment reform bi the merger o the umwhile municipalities Drenovë, Korçë, Lekas, Mollaj, Qendër Bulgarec, Vithkuq, Voskop an Voskopojë, that acame municipal units. The seat o the municipality is the ceety Korçë. The tot population is 75,994 (2011 census), in a tot aurie o . The population o the umwhile municipality at the 2011 census wis 51,152. It is the saxt lairgest ceety in Albanie. It staunds on a plateau some  abuin sea level, surroondit bi the Morava Moontains.

## References
Climate chynge

**Climate chynge** is a chynge in the stateestical distribution o wather patterns when that chynge lasts for an extendit period o time (i.e., decades tae millions o years).

Mair recently this term his bin uised tae refer broadly tae the uplift in global temperature an the changes in climate , measurit in terms o the negative impact o global warming beyond 1C.

## References
Zagreb Coonty

**Zagreb County** () is a coonty in central Croatie. It surroonds – but does no conteen – the naition's caipital Zagreb, which is a separate territorial unit. For that raison, it is aften elknamit "Zagreb ring". Accordin tae the 2011 census, the coonty haes 317,606 inhabitants.

## References

## Freemit airtins
* Zagrebačka županija Official website
* Zagreb county tourist board
Legnica

**Legnica**  (airchaic Pols: *Lignica*, , , ) is a ceity in soothwastren Poland, in the central pairt o Lower Silesia, on the Kaczawa River (left tributary o the Oder) an the Czarna Woda.
Sovetsk, Kaliningrad Oblast

**Sovetsk** (), afore 1946 kent as **Tilsit** (; ) in East Proushie, is a toun in Kaliningrad Oblast, Roushie, locatit on the sooth bank o the Neman River. Population: 

## Twin touns an sister ceeties
Sovetsk is twinned wi:

## References
My Lai Massacre

The **Mỹ Lai Massacre** ( , ) wis the Vietnam War mass killin o atween 347 an 504 unairmed ceevilians in Sooth Vietnam on Mairch 16, 1968. It wis committit bi U.S. Airmy sodgers frae Company C, 1st Battalion, 20t Infantry Regiment, 11t Brigade, 23rd (Americal) Infantry Diveesion. Victims includit men, weemen, bairns, an infants. Some o the weemen war gang-raped an thair bouks mutilatit. Twinty-sax sodgers war chairged wi creeminal offenses, but anly Lieutenant William Calley Jr., a platoon leader in C Company, wis convictit. Foond guilty o killin 22 villagers, he wis oreeginally gien a life sentence, but served anly three an a hauf years unner hoose arrest.

## References
Hôtel de Montesson

The **Hôtel de Montesson** wis a small townhouse in Paris, Fraunce built for Madame de Montesson in circa 1770. She wis the secret wife o Louis Philippe d'Orléans, Duke o Orléans who had a house that adjoined the *[[Hôtel]]*. The building wis be destroyed bi fire in 1810.
European Atomic Energy Commonty

The **European Atomic Energy Commonty** (**EAEC** or **Euratom**) is an internaitional organisation foondit in 1957 wi the purpose o crautin a specialist mercat for nuclear pouer in Europe, developin nuclear energy an distributin it tae its member states while sellin the surplus tae non-member states. It is legally distinct frae the European Union (EU), but haes the same membership, an is govrened bi mony o the EU's institutions. Syne 2014, Swisserland haes an aa pairteecipatit in Euratom programmes as an associatit state.

## References
Anadyr (toun)

**Anadyr** (; Chukchi: , *Kagyrgyn*) is a port toun an the admeenistrative center o Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Roushie, locatit at the mooth o the Anadyr River, on the tip o the soothren promontory that protrudes intae Anadyrsky Liman. Anadyr is the eastmaist toun in Roushie (mair easterly locations, sic as Provideniya an Uelen, dae no hae toun status). Population: .

## References

### Notes

### Sources
*
*
*
*
*

## Freemit airtins
Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon

**Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon** (22 November 1693–27 Mey 1775) wis a dochter o Louis, Duke o Bourbon, Prince o Condé, an his wife, Louise Françoise de Bourbon, a legitimised dochter of Louis XIV o Fraunce an Madame de Montespan. She introduced Madame de Pompadour tae the coort. She wis buiried at the (Kirk o (*Église*) Saint Sulpice in Paris.

## Marriage
On 9 Julie 1713 at the Palace o Versailles, Louise Élisabeth mairit  Louis Armand de Bourbon, Prince o Conti. He wis her first cousin. Prior tae marriage Louise Élisabeth haed been kent at court as *Mademoiselle de Condé* or *Mademoiselle de Charolais*.

## Issue
# Louis de Bourbon, Coont o La Marche (28 Mairch 1715 - 1 August 1717) died young.
# Louis François de Bourbon, Prince o Conti (13 August 1717 - 2 August 1776) mairit Louise Diane d'Orléans, ''Mademoiselle de Chartres'' an haed issue. 
# Louis Armand de Bourbon, Duke o Mercœur (19 August 1720 - 13 Mey 1722) died young. 
# Charles de Bourbon, Coont o Alais (5 Februar 1722 - 7 August 1730) died young. 
# Louise Henriette de Bourbon 20 Juin 1726 – 9 Februar 1759) mairit Louis Philippe d'Orléans, Duke o Orléans an haed issue.

## Teetles an styles

***22 November 1693 – 9 Julie 1713** *Her Maist Serene Highness* [variously] *Mademoiselle de Condé* or *Mademoiselle de Charolais*, Princess o the bluid.
***9 Julie 1713 &ndash; 4 Mey 1727** *Her Maist Serene Highness* the Princess o Conti, Princess o the bluid bi mairiage.
***4 Mey 1727 &ndash; 27 Mey 1775** *Her Maist Serene Highness* the Dowager Princess o Conti, Princess o the bluid bi mairiage.

## Ither wabsteids
Alkaline yird metal

The **alkaline yird metals** are sax chemical elements in column (group) 2 o the Periodic cairt. Thay are beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), an radium (Ra). The elements hae very seemilar properties: thay are aw shiny, sillery-white, somewhit reactive metals at staundart temperatur an pressur.

## References
Alkali metal

The **alkali metals** are a group (column) in the periodic cairt conseestin o the chemical elements lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), caesium (Cs),{{refn|*Caesium* is the spellin recommendit bi the Internaitional Union o Pure an Applee'd Chemistry (IUPAC).

## Notes

## References
Rudolf Steiner

**Rudolf Joseph Lorenz Steiner** (27 (or 25) Februar 1861 – 30 Mairch 1925) wis an Austrick philosopher, social reformer, airchitect an esotericist.

## References
Alexandrovsky

**Alexandrovsky** (masculine), **Alexandrovskaya** (feminine), or **Alexandrovskoye** (neuter) mey refer tae:

;Geografie
*Alexandrovsky Destrict, several destricts in Roushie
*Alexandrovskoye Urban Dounset, a municipal formation in Alexandrovsky Municipal Destrict which a pairt o the toun o krai significance o Alexandrovsk in Perm Krai, Roushie is incorporatit as
*Alexandrovsky, Roushie (*Alexandrovskaya*, *Alexandrovskoye*), several inhabitit localities in Roushie
*Alexandrovsky Uyezd (1883–1921), an uyezd o Arkhangelsk Govrenorate o the Roushie Empire an the Roushie SFSR
*Alexandrovskaya Volost (1920–1927), a volost o Alexandrovsky Uyezd o Arkhangelsk Govrenorate an later o Murmansk Governorate
*Alexandrovskoye, umwhile name o Şəhriyar, Sabirabad, a veelage in Azerbaijan
*Fort Alexandrovsky, umwhile name o Fort-Shevchenko, Kazakhstan, frae 1857 tae 1939
*Alexandrovskaya railwey station, a railwey station in St.&nbsp;Petersburg, Roushie
*Aleksandrovskaia, a dounset in Roushie Americae foondit in 1787 at present-day Seldovia, Alaska

;Fowk
*Stepan Alexandrovsky (1842–1906), Roushie penter

## See an aw
*Alexandrovsky Sad (disambiguation)
Bernard o Clairvaux

**Bernard o Clairvaux** (), O.Cist (109020 August 1153) wis a French abbot an the primary reformer o the Cistercian order.
Treaty o Utrecht

The **Treaty o Utrecht**, which established the **Peace o Utrecht**, is a series o individual peace treaties, rather nor a single document, signed bi the belligerents in the War o the Spaingie Succession, in the Dutch ceety o Utrecht in Mairch an Aprile 1713. The treaties atween several European states, includin Spain, Great Breetain, Fraunce, Portugal, Savoy an the Dutch Republic, helped end the war.

The treaties war concludit atween the representatives o Louis XIV o Fraunce an o his grandson Philip V o Spain on ane haund, an representatives o Anne o Great Breetain, Victor Amadeus II o Sardinie, John V o Portugal an the Unitit Provinces o the Netherlands on the ither. Thay merked the end o French ambeetions o hegemony in Europe expressed in the wars o Louis XIV, an preserved the European seestem based on the balance o pouer.

## References
War o the Spaingie Succession

The **War o the Spaingie Succession** (1702–1715) wis a major European conflict o the early 18t century, triggered bi the daith in 1700 o the last Habsburg King o Spain, the infirm an bairnless Charles II.

## References
Susan Boyle

**Susan Magdalane Boyle** (born 1 Aprile 1961) is a Scots sangster wha came tae internaitional attention when she appeared as a contestant on the TV programme *[[Britain's Got Talent (series 3)|Britain's Got Talent]]* on 11 Aprile 2009, sangin "I Dreamed a Dream" frae **.

## References