Netherlands–Turkey relations

**Dutch–Turkis relations** refer tae interstate relations atween the Netherlands an Turkey. The diplomatic relations widely encompass an span fower centuries, beginning in 1612. The first Turkis representative in the Netherlands stairtit activities in 1859.

Afore the Dutch haed thair ain consuls in the Levant, thay traded unner the French Capitulations o 1569 until thay sent Cornelius Haga as a Consul tae Istanbul in 1611. The States-General wis responsible for appyntin the consul, but the Levant merchants in these cases wur closely consultiy. The poor payment seestem for the consuls disruptit the potential successes of the relationship atween consul an merchant community. The merchants requested changing to the Venetian fixed salary payment, but the States-General went against their wishes an tried tae find ither means o income. This posed problems for the Dutch consuls, an thare are mony reports o cases where consuls exertit thair authority ower the nations members who did nae want tae pay consulate an embassy dues. Despite internal struggle within the Dutch nation, it had a good relationship with the Ottoman’s and in 1804 Sultan Selim III (1789–1807) appyntit the first resident representative tae Amsterdam.

Turkeye is a veelage of Sluis, a municipality locatit in the wast o Zeelandic Flanders, in the sooth-wastren pairt of the Netherlands. In 1604, Prince Maurits chynged the name o the veelage in Turkeye tae thank the Turkis sailors for thair support tae the Dutch during the battle wi the Spaniards in the Dutch War o Unthirldom.

The history o Turkey an the Netherlands stretches back tae the 17th century, when the first representative o the States-General wis sent tae the Sublime Porte. Relations atween the twa hae continued ever syne, further cementit bi Turkis guest wirkers in the ’60s an ’70s, an today bi strang economic ties.

## Poleetical relations

Turkey an the Netherlands are baith members o the Cooncil o Europe, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the World Trade Organization (WTO) an the Union for the Mediterranean. An aw the Netherlands is a European Union member an Turkey is a candidate.

### Yunus Affair

During  a state veesit tae the Netherlands In March 2013, Prime Meenister Erdoğan criticized the placement o the Dutch-Turkish foster child Yunus wi lesbian foster parents.  Deputy Prime Meenister o the Netherlands Lodewijk Asscher conseedert the involvement o Turkey "totally inappropriate" an called it "presumptuous" when a foreign power expresses an opinion on the policy o Dutch foster care.  Erdoğan proponed that the Turkis Meenistry o Faimily Affairs an the Dutch Meenistry o Siccarity an Juistice consult each ither aboot the care o childer o Turkis oreegin, but Prime Meenister Mark Rutte rejectit this proposal. Rutte said that placement o a child in a foster faimily always involves trying tae match the child's backgroond tae that o the foster faimily. Failing that, the interest o the child comes first, an nae distinction is made on the basis o releegion or sexual orientation. Erdoğan intendit tae turn tae the European Coort o Human Richts tae enforce Yunus tae be reunitit wi his biological parents.

### Referendum campaign dispute

In the wake o the Turkis consteetutional referendum, events featurin Turkis Meenisters wur scheduled tae be held in the Netherlands in Mairch 2017 in order tae promote the proponed amendments tae the Consteetution o Turkey. The Dutch Govrenment unner Mark Rutte prohibitit Turkis Meenisters frae enterin the Netherlands for rallies, statin "We are o the opinion that Dutch public spaces are nae the place for poleetical campaigns o ither countries". Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan sharply condemned the decision, calling the Netherlands a "Nazi remnant". Owersess election campaigning, even in diplomatic missions, is illegal unner Turkis law; yet maist poleetical pairties in Turkey includin the rulin AKP hae floo6it the law. On 13 Mairch 2017, Deputy Turkis Prime Meenister Numan Kurtulmuş anoonced the suspension o heich-level diplomatic relations atween the Netherlands an Turkey an barred the Dutch ambassador frae returnin tae Ankara.

### Sanctions against Turkey
Netherlands criticised the 2019 Turkis offencive intae north-eastren Sirie. On 10 October 2019, a lairge majority o Dutch MPs backed the introduction o sanctions against Turkey.

## Economic relations
Trade volume atween Turkey an the Netherlands haes increased remarkably ower the years. In 2008, the Netherlands exportit for awmaist 4 billion euros worth o goods tae Turkey. This amoont is doubled compared tae 2000. 
Turkey exportit in the same year 1.6 billion euros worth o goods tae the Netherlands, with a share o 32 percent for garments.

Turkey is a vera popular holiday destination for Dutch tourists. In 2009, mair nor 1.1 million Dutch tourists veesitit Turkey.

As o February 2011, 1894 Dutch companies hae investiy in Turkey, declared the Foreign Meenister o Turkey Ahmet Davutoglu, makin the Netherlands the kintra wi the biggest investment in projects in Turkey.

## Veesits

## Diplomacy

;o the Netherlands
*Ankara (Embassy)
*Istanbul (Consulate General)
*Antalya (Consulate)
*Iskenderun (Consulate)
*Izmir (Consulate)
*Marmaris (Consulate)

;o the Republic o Turkey
*The Hague (Embassy)
*Amsterdam (Consulate-General)
*Rotterdam (Consulate-General)
*Deventer (Consulate)
*Leiden (Honorary consulate)

## References

## Freemit airtins
* Embassy of The Netherlands in Ankara 
* Embassy of Turkey in The Hague
* Consulate–General of The Netherlands in Istanbul
* Consulate–General of Turkey in Rotterdam 
* Diplomatic missions of the Netherlands in Turkey
* Diplomatic missions of Turkey in the Netherlands