open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Jalal-Abad

**Jalalabat** (an aa spelled **Dzhalal-Abad**, **Djalal-Abad** an **Jalal-Abad**;  ) is the admeenistrative an economic  center o the Jalal-Abad Province in soothwastren Kyrgyzstan, wi a population o aboot 150,000. It is situatit at the north-eastren end o the Fergana valley alang the Kugart river valley, in the fuithills o the Babash Ata muntains, vera close tae Uzbekistan border. Twa thirds o the population are Uzbek.

Jalalabat is kent for its mineral springs in its surroondins, an the watter frae the nearbi Hozret-Ayub-Paigambar spa wis lang believed tae cure lepers.  Several Soviet era sanatoriums affer mineral watter treatment programs for fowk wi various chronic diseases. Bottled mineral watter frae the region is sauld aroond the kintra an abroad.

## History

 
Ane o Kyrgyzstan's main branches o the Silk Road passed throu Jalalabat an the region haes played host tae travelers for thoosans o years, awtho little airchaeological remains are visible the day – except in some o the mair remote pairts o the region – sic as Saimalu Tash an the Chatkal valley.  Thir hae includit travelers, traders, tourists an pilgrims (tae the various holy sichts) an sick fowk visitin the curative spas sic as in the Ayub Tau muntain, at the altitude o 700 m abuin sea level some three kilometers oot o toun.

Thare is a legend that the watter frae the Hozret-Ayub-Paigambar spa cured lepers. Accordin tae the legend thare wis a grave, a mosque an the khan's palace near the spa.

Abad is aften uised in Asian ceeties names tae refer tae the body who foondit the community.  It is said that Jalalabat wis named efter Jalal ad Din, who wis renouned for settin up Caravanserais tae serve travelers an mony pilgrims who came tae the holy muntain.

In early 19t century a sma Kokand fortress wis biggit, an a sma kishlak grew up aroond this. The local fowk wur engaged in agricultur, tred an providit services tae the pilgrims visitin the spas. Then, in the 1870s, Roushie migrants came tae the region. Thay set up a garrison toun an military hospital.

## Economy

The railwey (a rarity in Kyrgyzstan), runs frae the Ferghana Valley northeast aboot 30&nbsp;km tae Kökjanggak.

Biggest Companies: Kyrgyz-Canadae JV "Kyrgyz Petroleum Company", АО «Kelechek», АО «Nur». AOZT «KyrgyzChlopok», JV «Ak-Altyn» process cotton. Thare are an aa tobacco-fermantaion companies  «Tura-Ai» ltd an   «Aziz-Tabak» ltd. 90 % o thair ootput hae been exportit tae 17 kintras. Thare are an aa mill hooses АО «Azrat Ayib», AOZT PTK «Intershaq», «Mariam & Co» ltd, an liquer production company AOZT  «Jalalabat Arak Zavodu».

The Peace Corps is vera active in the region; volunteers serve in the eddication an sma business sectors.

## Map
* OpenStreetMap
Caipital Govrenorate, Bahrain

The **Caipital Govrenorate** (; transliterated: Muhafazat al-'Asimah) is ane o the five Govrenorates o Bahrain. It includes pairts o the municipalities o Al Manamah , Ras Roman an Jidd Haffs.
Malkiya, Bahrain

**Malkiya** () is a veelage that lies on the wastren coast o Bahrain Island in Bahrain. Its indwallers are maistly Bahrani Shiites. The veelage is hame tae the Malkiya Club fitbaa team.

In 2007, protests brak oot in the aurie when a pouerful member o the Bahraini ryal family tried tae seize some o the coastline o the veelage.

The veelage is an aa hame tae the grave an shrine o Zayd ibn Suhan, ane o the companions o Ali.

## References
Jidhafs

**Jidhafs** () is a ceety in northren Bahrain. It wis a municipality o Bahrain in the northren pairt o the kintra. Its territory is nou in the Caipital an the Northren Govrenorate.
Budaiya

**Al Budaiya** () is a coastal toun locatit in the northwastren region o Bahrain Island, in the Northren Governorate o the Kinrick o Bahrain. It neighbors the veelages o Diraz an Bani Jamra.

## Geography
Budaiya is the maist fertile aurie in the kintra, irrigatit frae a lairge concentration o freshwater springs an aquifers. It is the location o maist ferms, stables, an traditional gulf faimily ferms/retreats nakhal. The toun serves as ane end-pynt o the Budaiya Road, which runs tae Manama. The regions on aither side o road are colloquially referred tae as Budaiya.

The biggest problem the Budaiya Road region is facin is deforestation due tae a waves o construction, an the seepin o sea watter intae naitural unnergrund aquifers as a result o the pre-construction biggin process o the Mina Salman seaport in the 1950s. Budaiya Road is still remembered as ane o the anerlie "naturally shadit" pairts o Bahrain whaur thoosans o wild palm trees actit as filters frae the het, glarin desert sun. Maist o the trees wur cut doun tae expand the route an 'modrenize' the aurie.

## History
The toun wis foondit bi the Dawasir tribe, but maist o the tribe left en masse tae mainland Saudi Arabie in 1923, efter a conflict wi the Breetish colonial authorities. Mony Dawasir tribe members later returned tae Budaiya, an thay continue tae play a leadin role in the veelage the day. Prior tae the discovery o oil in Bahrain, maist Budaiya residents wur involved in the pearl divin an fishin industry.

The day the Budaiya Road region hooses European an American expatriates livin in the kinrick an haes few a places that serve as a niche tae the youth Bahraini subculturs (Goth, skater/punk, etc.)  This is mainly due tae the central location o the Skate Shack pairk.

## References
*Fuad Ishaq Khuri (1980). *Tribe and state in Bahrain: The transformation of social and political authority in an Arab state*. ISBN 0-226-43473-7

## Freemit airtins
Al Khums

**Al Khums** () is a toun in Al Murgub Destrict on the Mediterranean coast o Libie.  Atween 1983 an 1995 it wis the admeenistrative centre o the Al Khums Destrict.

Approximately 3.2&nbsp;km (2 mile) tae the east is the auncient Roman ceety o Leptis Magna.

## See an aa

* Railway stations in Libie - proposed

## References

## Freemit airtins
* MSN Map
Dnipro

**Dnipro** ( ) or **Dnepr** () formerly *Yekaterinoslav* (, , translit. *Katerynoslav*, an aa *Catharinoslav* on auld maps) is Ukraine's third lairgest ceety wi 1.1 million indwallers. It is locatit sootheast o Ukraine's caipital Kiev on the Dnieper River, in the sooth-central region o the kintra. Dnipro is the admeenistrative center o the Dnipropetrovsk Oblast (province).

Athin the Dnipro metropolitan aurie thare are 1,860,000 fowk (2001).

A vital industrial centre o Ukraine, Dnipro wis ane o the key centers o the nuclear, airms, an space industries o the umwhile Soviet Union. In pairticular, it is hame tae Yuzhmash, a major space an ballistic missile designer an manufacturer. Acause o its military industry, the ceety wis a closed ceety til the 1990s.

Dnipro haes a heichlie-developit public transportation seestem, includin the Dnipro Metro, which consists o ane metro line wi a tot o 6 stations.

## Twin touns — Sister ceeties

The ceety o Dnipro is twinned wi:

## References
Tarabulus Destrict

**Tarabulus Destrict** (, *Shab'iyat Ṭarābulus*, ) is ane o the 22 first level subdiveesions (*Shabiyat*) o Libie. Its caipital an lairgest ceety is Tripoli.

Frae 2001 tae 2007 the Tarabulus destrict wis smawer than the actual, includin anerlie the ceety o Tripoli an its surroondins. In 2007 the admeenistrative reorganization o Libie restored the borders o the umwhile Tarabulus *Baladiyah* (1983–1995).

## Borders
The destrict haes a shoreline on the Mediterranean coast in the north (Gulf o Tripoli). On land it borders the follaein destricts:
* Az Zawiyah - wast
* Al Jfara - soothwast
* Al Jabal al Gharbi - sooth
* Al Murgub - east


File:Libyen Tarabulus.png|2001-2007 Shabiyat (Tarabulus heichlichtit)


## References
Maltese leid

**Maltese** () is the naitional leid o Maltae, an a co-offeecial leid o the kintra alangside Inglis, 
while forby servin as an offeecial leid o the European Union, the anerlie Semitic leid sae distinguished. Maltese is descendit frae Siculo-Arabic (the Arabic dialect that developit in Maltae an Sicily atween the nint an the fowerteent centuries).   Aboot hauf o the vocabulary is borraed frae Italian an Sicilian, an Inglis wirds mak up as muckle as 20% o the Maltese vocabulary.  It is the anerlie Semitic leid written in the Laitin alphabet in its staundart form.

## References
Benghazi

**Benghazi**  (  , Libyan Arabic:  , ; ; an aa: *Bengasi*, *Benghasi*, *Banghāzī*, *Binghāzī*, *Bengazi*, *Berenice* an *Hesperides*) is the seicont lairgest ceety in Libie. The wider metropolitan aurie (which includes the soothren touns o Gimeenis an Suluq) is an aa a destrict o Libie. The port ceety is locatit on the Mediterranean Sea.

Durin the Kinrick era o Libie's history, Benghazi enjoyed a sort o jynt-caipital status (alangside Tripoli), possibly acause the Keeng uised tae reside in the nearbi ceety o Al Bayda' an the Senussis (ryal faimily) in general wur associatit wi Cyrenaica rather than Tripolitanie.
Benghazi continues tae hauld institutions an organisations normally associatit wi a naitional caipital ceety. This creates a constant atmosphere o rivalry an sensitivities atween Benghazi an Tripoli an bi extension atween the twa regions (Cyrenaica an Tripolitanie). The population o the entire destrict wis 500,120 in 1995 (census) an haes increased tae 670,797 in the 2006 census.

## Admeenistrative diveesions

Benghazi is ane o Libie's 22 shabiyahs (destricts). Benghazi shabiyah is dividit intae 32 Basic Fowkcongress admeenistrative diveesions, in which the responsibilities o the correspondin poleetical units o the same name faw.
The offeecial 32 destricts o Benghazi are:

## References
Sitra

**Sitra** ( or  , an aa: As Sitra, Jazīrat Sitrah an Jazīrat as Sitra) is an island in the Central Govrenorate o Bahrain, juist east o Bahrain Island. It lies sooth o Manama an Nabih Saleh. The island's wastren coast forms the bundary o Tubli Bay.

Maist o the indwallers o the island live in seiven historic veelages: Wadyan, Kharijiya, Marguban, Qurayya, Mahazza, Sufala, an Abul Aish. The population is amaist entirely Shia Baharna - (Shitte) in ethnicity.

The island uised tae be covered in date paum, groves an farms, watered bi several freshwater springs, an the island's economy uised tae be based on agricultur an fishin. Mangroves uised tae line the wastren coast, housomeivver thay hae amaist disappeared due tae development. The day the island suffers frae mass deforestation an environmental pollution.

The northren section o the island haes been turned intae an industrial aurie. Bapco ile storage reservoirs are locatit in the sooth. Sitra is an aa the terminus o the 42-km Dhahran-Sitra natural gas pipeline, which connects it tae Dahran in Saudi Arabie.

Several caur an furniture showrooms an aa mak up the new development on the island.

The Sitra Causeway connects the north o the island tae Nabih Saleh an tae Umm al Hussam (Manama) on Bahrain Island. A sma brig on the sooth wast o the Sitra an aa joins Bahrain Island, near the veelages o Ma'ameer an Eker.

The Sitra Club is a cultural an sports club for the island.

## Sitra Municipality

Sitra wis an aa the name o a municipality in Bahrain afore thay wur re-organized as govrenorates. The Sitra Municipality consistit o the island o Sitra an three veelages close tae it on the main island o Bahrain: Ma'ameer, Eker an Nuwaidrat.

The aurie covered bi Sitra Municipality handles Bahrain's entire petroleum production. It is an aa the export centre for the ile fields in northeastren Saudi Arabie.

## Notes
Fort Lauderdale

**Fort Lauderdale** () is a ceety in the U.S. state o Florida, on the Atlantic coast. It is the coonty seat o Broward Coonty. Bi the way o tae 2007 U.S. Census Bureau estimates, the ceety haed a population o 183,606. It is a principal ceety o the Sooth Florida metropolitan aurie, which is hame tae ower 5,413,212 fowk.

The ceety is a popular tourist destination, wi 10.35 million visitors in 2006. Fort Lauderdale is sometimes kent as the "Venice o Americae" for its expansive an intricate canal seestem. The ceety is a major yachtin center, wi 42,000 resident yachts an 100 marinas an boatyairds in 2006. The ceety sits 23 mile north o Miami. Fort Lauderdale an the surroondin aurie host ower 4,000 restaurants an 120 nichtclubs in 2006.

Fort Lauderdale is named for a series o forts biggit bi the Unitit States durin the Seicont Seminole War. The forts teuk their name frae Major William Lauderdale, that wis the commander o the detachment o sodgers  that biggit the first fort. Housomeivver, development o the ceety didnae stairt till 50 year efter the forts war abandoned at the end o the conflict. Three forts named "Fort Lauderdale" war constructit; the first wis at the fork o the New River, the seicont at Tarpon Bend, in whit is nou kent as the Sailboat Bend neebourheid, an the third near the site o the Bahia Mar Marina.

## References
Leet o ceeties in Libie

This a leet o the 100 mucklest populatit places in Libie.  Some places in the leet coud be considered suburbs or neighborhuids o some muckle ceeties in the leet, so this leet is no definitive.

*Source:Amraja M. el Khajkhaj, "Noumou al Mudon as Sagheera fi Libia", Dar as Saqia, Benghazi-2008, pp. 118-123.*

## Freemit airtins
Libya: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population
Destricts o Libie

There are twinty-twa **destricts o [[Libie]]**, kent bi the term *shabiyah* (Arabic singular شعبية *šaʿbiyya*, plural *šaʿbiyyāt*). In the 1990s these replaced the aulder baladiyat seestem. 

Historically the aurie o Libie wis considered three provinces (or states), Tripolitanie in the northwast, Cyrenaica in the east, an Fezzan in the soothwast. It wis the conquest bi Italy in the Italo-Turkis War that unitit them in a single poleetical unit. Unner the Italians, Libie wis eventually dividit intae fower provinces an ane territory: Tripoli, Misrata, Benghazi, Derna, (in the north) an the Territory o the Libian Sahara (in the sooth). Efter the French an Breetish occupee'd Libie in 1943, it wis again split intae three provinces: Tripolitanie in the northwast, Cyrenaica in the east, an Fezzan-Ghadames in the soothwast.

Airticle 176 o the constitution o Libie statit "The Kinrick o Libie shall be dividit intae admeenistrative units in conformity wi the law tae be promulgatit in this connection. Local an regional cooncils mey be formed in the Kinrick. The extend o these units shall be determined bi law which shall likewise organize these Cooncils." in exact quote.

Efter unthirldom (1951), Libie wis dividit intae three govrenorates (*[[muhafazah|muhafazat]]*), matchin the three provinces o afore, but in 1963 it wis dividit intae ten govrenorates. In 1983 a new seestem wis introduced dividin the kintra intae fowerty-sax destricts (*[[baladiyat]]*). In 1987 this wis reduced tae twinty-five destricts. 

On 2 August 1995, Libie reorganized intae thirteen destricts (*[[shabiyah|shabiyat]]*). In 1998 this wis increased tae 26 shabiyat destricts. In 2001 it wis increased tae thirty-twa destricts plus three admeenistrative regions. Feenally in 2007 tae wis reduced tae twinty-twa destricts.

## Shabiyat
*Shabiyah* (  *šaʿbiyya*, plural:   *šaʿbiyyāt*)  is a neologism exclusive tae Libie unner Gaddafi,  in line wi exclusive terms for republic (jamahiriya), meenistry (amanah) an embassy (fowk-bureau).
The term basically means a destrict, that is, a top level admeenistrative diveesion. Etymologically, it is an adjective meanin "o or pertainin tae the fowk, popular".
 
### 22 shabiyat (2007)
In 2007 the current twinty-twa shabiyah replaced the aulder thirty-twa shabiyah.

The current leet is as follaein:

## References
Freeport, Bahamas

**Freeport** is a ceety an free trade zone on the island o Grand Bahama, locatit approximately 100 mile (160&nbsp;km) east-northeast o Fort Lauderdale, Florida an is a destrict o the Bahamas.

In 1955, Wallace Groves, a Virginian financier wi lumber interests on the island, wis grantit 50,000 acres (200 km2) o pineyard wi substantial auries o swamp an scrubland bi the Bahamian govrenment wi a mandate tae economically develop the aurie. The ceety of Freeport wis built, which haes grown tae be the second maist populous ceety in The Bahamas (26,910 in 2000) efter the caipital, Nassau. The main airport servin the ceety is the Grand Bahama International Airport.

The Grand Bahama Port Authority (GBPA) operates the free trade zone, unner the Hawksbill Creek Agreement signed in August 1955 whaurbi the Bahamian Govrenment agreed that businesses in the Freeport aurie will pay nae taxes afore 2054. The aurie o the land grants haes been increased tae 138,000 acres (558&nbsp;km²).
Granada

**Granada** () is a ceety an the caipital o the province o Granada, in the autonomous commonty o Andalusie, Spain.

The ceety o Granada is placit at the fuit of the Sierra Nevada muntains, at the confluence o three rivers, Beiro, Darro an Genil, at an elevation o 738 metres abuin sea level yet anerlie ane oor frae the Mediterranean coast, the Costa Tropical. Nearbi is the Sierra Nevada Ski Station, whaur the FIS Alpine Warld Ski Championships 1996 wur held.

At the 2005 census, the population o the ceety o Granada proper wis 236,982, an the population o the entire urban aurie wis estimatit tae be 472,638, rankin as the 13t-lairgest urban aurie o Spain. Aboot 3.3% o the population did no hauld Spaingie ceetizenship, the lairgest number o these (31%) comin frae Sooth Americae. Its nearest airport is Federico García Lorca Airport.

The Alhambra, a Moorish citadel an palace, is in Granada. It is ane o the maist famous items o the Islamic historical legacy that makes Granada a hot spot amang cultural an tourist ceeties in Spain. The Almohad urbanism wi some fine examples o Moorish an Morisco constructions is preserved at the pairt o the ceety cried the Albaicín.

Granada is an aa well-kent athin Spain due tae the prestigious Varsity o Granada an, nouadays, vibrant nicht-life. In fact, it is said that it is ane o the three best ceeties for university students (the ither twa are Salamanca an Santiago de Compostela).

The pomegranate (in Spaingie, 'granada') is the heraldic device o Granada.

## Twin touns - sister ceeties
*  Aix-en-Provence, Fraunce
*  Belo Horizonte, Brazil
*  Coral Gables, Unitit States
*  Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
*  Marrakech, Morocco
*  Sharjah, Unitit Arab Emirates 
*  Tetuán, Morocco
*  Tlemcen, Algerie
Cuenca

**Cuenca** mey refer tae:

## Fowk
*Cuenca (surname)
## Places
### Ecuador
* Cuenca Canton, in the Azuay Province
** Cuenca, Ecuador, caipital o Cuenca Canton an Azuay Province 

### Peru
* Cuenca Destrict, Huarochirí
* Cuenca Destrict, Huancavelica

### Philippines
* Cuenca, Batangas

### Spain
* Cuenca, Spain, the oreeginal ceety tae receive this name, which is the caipital o the province o Cuenca
* Province o Cuenca
**Cuenca (Spaingie Congress Electoral Destrict) the Spaingie electoral destrict coverin the province
* Cuenca de Campos, Valladolid
* Cuenca de Pamplona, Navarre
* Cuencas Mineras, Aragon
* Cuenca Minera (Huelva), Andalusie

### Unitit States
* Cuenca, Spaingie name for Joara, Native American dounset in modren-day North Carolina

## See an aw
*
Cuenca, Ecuador

**Cuenca**, kent offeecially as **Santa Ana de los cuatro ríos de Cuenca**, is the third lairgest ceety in Ecuador bi population, which totals 329,928. It is the caipital o the Azuay Province. It is locatit in the hielands o Ecuador at aboot 2500&nbsp;m abuin sea level. The centre o the ceety is leetit as a UNESCO Warld Heritage Steid acause o its mony historical biggins.

## Geografie an location
*Cuenca*, caipital o the province o Azuay, is locatit in the sierra o the Andes in the *Austro* or soothren region o Ecuador.  It is approximately nine oors sooth o Quito an fower oors east o Guayaquil.  The ceety ranges frae 2,350 tae 2,550 meters abuin sea level.

The dominant features o the ceety's geography are an aa the soorce o its name in Spainyie: the fower rivers o *Cuenca* (meanin a basin made bi a confluence o rivers).  These rivers are the Tomebamba (named efter the Cañari cultur), Yanuncay, Tarqui an Machangara, in order o importance.  The first three o these rivers oreeginate in the Páramo o Parque Nacional Cajas tae the wast o the ceety.  These fower rivers are pairt o the Amazon river watershed.  Cuenca is surroondit bi muntains on aww sides, wi passes tae the wast, sooth an east.

### Parishes
Cuenca Canton contains the follaein parishes:

*Baños
*Chaucha
*Checa (Jidcay)
*Chiquintad
*Cuenca
*Cumbe
*Llacao
*Molleturo
*Nulti
*Octavio Cordero Palacios (Santa Rosa)
*Paccha
*Quingeo
*Ricaurte
*San Joaquin
*Santa Ana
*Sayausi
*Sidcay
*Sinincay
*Tarqui
*Turi
*Valle
*Victoria del Portete (Irquis)
Kolkata

**Kolkata** (Bengali:  ), umwhile kent as **Calcutta**, kent in Scots as **Cawcuttie** an aw, is the caipital o the Indie state o Wast Bengal. Kolkata is the commercial caipital o Eastren Indie, locatit on the east bank o the Hooghly River. The Kolkata metropolitan aurie, includin suburbs, haes a population exceedin 15 million, makin it the third maist populous metropolitan aurie in Indie an the 13t maist populous urban aurie in the warld. The ceety is an aa clessifee'd as the aicht lairgest urban agglomeration in the warld.

Kolkata served as the caipital o Indie durin the Breetish Raj till 1901. It is said that the Breetish coud no cope up wi the lang lastin monsoons in Eastren Indie an fled tae northren Indie, an merked New Delhi as the new Naitional Caipital. The ceety is notit for its revolutionary history, rangin frae the Indian struggle for unthirldom tae the leftist an trade union movements. Ance the centre o modren eddication, science, cultur an politics in Indie, Kolkata witnessed economic stagnation in the years follaein Indie's unthirldom in 1947. Housomeivver, syne the year 2000, an economic rejuvenation haes led tae an acceleration in the ceety's growthe. Lik ither metropolitan ceeties o Indie, Kolkata continues tae struggle wi urbanisation problems lik poverty, pollution an traffic congestion.

## Sister ceeties
Kolkata haes sister ceety relationships wi the follaein ceeties o the warld.

## References
Porto

**Porto** (), cried **Oporto** (Inglis) an aa, is the seicont lairgest ceety in Portugal. Its admeenistrative limits (an aurie o 41.66&nbsp;km²/16 sq.mi) includes a population of 220,000 inhabitants distributit athin 15 ceevil parishes. The urbanized aurie o Porto, which extends ayont the admeenistrative limits o the ceety, haes a population o 1.1 million in an area of , making it the second-lairgest urban area in Portugal. The Porto metropolitan aurie includes approximately 1.3 million fowk, an is recognized as a Gamma-level global ceety bi the Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) Study Group.

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns — Sister ceeties
Porto is twinned wi:

### Pairtner ceeties an touns
Athin the context o development cooperation, Porto is forby linked tae:


Porto-Ponte Dom Luis I-02-2011-gje.jpg|Ponte Dom Luis I.
Porto-Avenida dos Aliados-06-A Juventude von Henrique Moreira-2011-gje.jpg|Avenida dos Aliados
Porto-Pelourinho-02-2011-gje.jpg|Pelourinho
Porto-274-beim Hotel da Bolsa-2011-gje.jpg|Old ceety
Porto-Santa Clara-04-2011-gje.jpg|Kirk Santa Clara
Porto-Sandeman-04-2011-gje.jpg|Sandeman
Porto-Sandeman-26-Portweinprobe-2011-gje.jpg|Port wine
Porto-320-Portweinschiff-2011-gje.jpg|


## References
Tahoua

**Tahoua** is a ceety in Niger an the admeenistrative centre o the Depairtment o Tahoua an the lairger Tahoua Region. It haes a population o 99,900 (2004). The ceety is primarily a mercat toun for the surroondin agricultural aurie, an a meetin place for the Taureg fowk  frae the north an the Fulani fowk frae the sooth. Phosphates an gypsum are mined thare as well.

## Twinnin
* Luanda, Angolae.

## References

*
*
Quetta

(, , Hazaragi: کویته, Brahui: Koŧá) is the lairgest ceety an the provincial caipital o the Balochistan Province o Pakistan. It is kent as the "*Fruit Garden o Pakistan*", due tae the diversity o its plant an animal wildlife. Situatit at an average elevation o 1,654 metres (5,429&nbsp;ft) abuin sea level, the ceety is a major stranghold alang the wastren frontier o the kintra.  The ceety is an aa hame tae the Hazarganji Chiltan National Park, which contains some o the rarest species o wildlife in the warld an tae a research institute, the Geological Survey of Pakistan.

Quetta sits near the Durand Line border wi Afghanistan an is an important trade an communications centre atween the twa kintras as well as an important military location occupyin a vital strategic position for the Pakistani Airmed Forces.  The ceety lies on the Bolan Pass route which wis ance the anerlie gateway tae and from Sooth Asie. The ceety wis the closest ceety tae the 1935 an the 2008 earthquakes baith o which resultit in a great deal o damage tae the ceety an significant loss o life.

## Etymology
*Quetta* is an aa spelled **Kuwatah** which is a variation o **Kuatta**, a Pashto wird,. It is believed the ceety's name is derived frae the fower imposin hills (Chiltan, Takatu, Zarghoon an Murdaar) that surroond the ceety.

## References
Sirte Destrict

**Sirte Destrict** (or *Sirt* or *Surt* Destrict ( *Surt*, ), is ane o the destricts o Libie. It lies in the north o the kintra an borders the Gulf o Sidra. Its caipital is the ceety o Sirt. Al-Tahadi University is locatit in Sirt.

## Name
Sirte Destrict shares its name wi the ceety o Sirte, the historically maist important ceety on the Gulf o Sidra. These names derive frae the Greek name for the gulf, the *Great Syrtis*.

## Bundaries
The bundaries o Sirte Destrict hae chynged several times, maist recently in the 2007 admeenistrative reorganization o Libian destricts (see maps). Frae 1983 tae 1987 the Bin Jawwad Destrict covered pairts o wha is nou pairt o Sirte Destrict.

Tae the north, Sirte District has a shoreline on the Mediterranean Sea. It borders the follaein destricts:
* Al Wahat - east
* Al Jufrah - sooth
* Al Jabal al Gharbi - wast
* Misrata - northwast

## Transport
Sirte is an interim destination o a coastal railway frae Tunisie tae Benghazi that began construction in 2007.

## Notes
Al Murgub Destrict

**Al Murgub** ( *Al Murqub*), sometimes spelt *Al Marqab*, is ane o the destricts o Libie. 
Accordin tae the 2006 census, the population wis 432,202. The main ceety an caipital is Al Khums. The widely visitit UNESCO Warld Heritage Steid o Leptis Magna is an aa locatit in the destrict.

In the north, Al Murgub haes a shoreline on the Mediterranean Sea.  On land, it borders the follaein destricts:
*Misrata tae the east an sooth
*Tripoli tae the northwest
*Al Jabal al Gharbi tae the wast

In 2007 the destrict wis enlairged tae include twinty-sax Basic Fowkcongresses (tounships) o wha haed been the Tarhuna Wa Msalata Destrict.

## References
Cambridge, Maryland

**Cambridge** is a city in Dorchester Coonty, Maryland, Unitit States. The population wis 10,911 at the 2000 census an 11,752 accordin tae current Julie 2008 census estimates. It is the coonty seat o Dorchester Coonty an the coonty's lairgest municipality. Cambridge is the fowert maist populous city in Maryland's Eastern Shore region, efter Salisbury, Elkton an Easton.

## References
An Nuqat al Khams Destrict

**An Nuqat al Khams** ( *An Nuqāṭ al Ḫams*) is ane o the destricts o Libie.  It is in the northwast o the kintra, in wha haed been the historical region o Tripolitanie. Its caipital is Zuwarah.

Wi the creation o the shabiyah seestem, An Nuqat al Khams wis reduced in size.

In the north, An Nuqat al Khams haes a shoreline on the Mediterranean Sea.  Tae the wast, it borders the Medenine Govrenorate o Tunisie.  Domestically, it borders the follaein destricts:
* Az Zawiyah - east
* Al Jabal al Gharbi - sootheast
* Nalut - soothwast

## Ceeties in An Nuqat al Khams

* Abū Kammāsh
* Abū ar Rīsh 
* Al Jumayl (Al Jamīl, El-Gemil)
* Ajaylat  
* Ash Shaykh Bū ‘Ujaylah
* Bū Kammāsh  
* Dahmān
* Madīnat Şabrātah (Sabratha)
* Zuwarah

## References
Sabha Destrict

**Sabha** ( *Sabhā*) is ane o the destricts o Libya. It is locatit in the centre o the kintra. The caipital is Sabha wi a population o 130,000.

## Owerview
Sabha haes ane sma domestic airport. Sabha toun is the maist important ceety o soothren Libie. The population is maistly a mixture o Arab an Black. Unmixed Black are an' a' a common ethnicity.

The Sahara Desert begins at Sabha. Thare are illegal passenger buses that arrive at this ceety frae soothren African kintras sic as Niger, a journey which takes seiven days. It is ane o the maist dangerous routes as it goes throu the desert. Bus drivers aften lose thair wey an passengers whiles dee frae lack o fuid an watter. Fowk frae Ghana, Togo, an Sudan come throu Sabha an then tae Europe throu Tripoli.

Thare is a big lake inside the Sahara Desert near Sabha ceety named Gaberoun, the hame o a umwhile veelage which haes nou acome a popular tourist spot.

Sabha borders the follaein destricts:
*Wadi Al Shatli - north
*Al Jufrah - east
*Murzuq - sooth
*Wadi Al Hayaa - wast

The major settlements o Sabha include     
* Samnu (سمنو)
* Tamanhant (تمنهنت)
* Umm al `Abid
* Umm al Ahrar
* Al Mahdia (المهدية)
* Az Zighan (الزيغن)
* Sukrah (Sakra) (سكرة)
* Al Nssiria
* Ghadduwah (Goddua) (غدوة)
* Hagiara
* Al Tanawia

## References
Al Jufrah Destrict

**Al Jufrah** ( *Al Ǧufra*) is ane o the destricts o Libie.  It is in the centre o the kintra. Its caipital is Houn.

Al Jufrah wis oreeginally ane o the 25 Baladiyat in the admeenistrative sistem o Libie established in 1988. In 2001 It became a *Shabiyah*, an its territorial extension wis reduced. In 2007, unner the new 22-Shabiyat seestem, its oreeginal bundaries wur reintroduced (see maps).

Al Jufrah borders the follaein destricts:
*Sirte - north
*Al Wahat - northeast
*Al Kufrah - east
*Murzuq - sooth
*Sabha - soothwast
*Wadi Al Shatii - wast
*Al Jabal al Gharbi - northwast

## References
Al Jabal al Gharbi Destrict

**Al Jabal al Gharbi** ( *Al Ǧabal al Gharbi*, ) is ane o the destricts o Libie. It wis formed in 2007 frae the umwhile destricts o Yafran, Gharyan an Mizdah.  Frae 1995 tae 1998 Al Jabal al Gharbi an aa existit as a *Baladiyah*. Its caipital is Gharyan.

Al Jabal al Gharbi borders the follaein destricts:
* Sirt tae the east
* Misrata tae the east
* Al Murgub tae the northeast
* Al Jfara tae the north
* Az Zawiyah tae the north
* An Nuqat al Khams tae the northwast
* Nalut tae the wast
* Tarabulus tae the north
* Wadi Al Shatii tae the sooth
* Al Jufrah tae the sootheast

## References
Nalut Destrict

**Nalut** ( *Nālūt*) is ane o the destricts o Libie. Its caipital is the ceety o Nalut. The seicont maist notable ceety is Ghadames.

Tae the north an wast, Nalut destrict borders Tunisie (Medenine an Tataouine Govrenatorates) an Algerie.  Domestically, it borders the follaein destricts:

*An Nuqat al Khams - northeast
*Al Jabal al Gharbi - east
*Wadi Al Shatii - sooth

In 2007, Nalut Destrict wis enlairged tae include wha haed been the Ghadamis Destrict, while the eastren pairt o umwhile Nalut wis moved tae Al Jabal al Gharbi

## References
Misrata Destrict

**Misrata** ( , Libyan Arabic: *Məşrātah*), an aa spelt *Misurata* or *Misratah*, is a sha'biyah (destrict) in northwastren Libie. Its caipital is the ceety o Misrata.

In 2007 the deestrict wis enlairged tae include wha haed been the Bani Walid Destrict an the northmaist strip o coast o the Gulf o Sidra, that frae 2001 tae 2007 haed been pairt o the  Sirte Destrict.



## Borders
In the north an east, Misrata haes a shoreline on the Mediterranean Sea.  On land, it borders the follaein destricts:
*Sirte - sooth an east
*Al Murgub - north an wast 
*Al Jabal al Gharbi - sooth an wast

## References
Az Zawiyah Destrict

**Az Zawiyah** ( *Az Zāwiya*) is ane o the destricts o Libie. It is locatit in the northwastren pairt o the kintra, in wha haed been the historical region o Tripolitanie. 

Its caipital is Az Zawiyah.  Syne the 2007 reorganization o Libian destricts, the umwhile destrict o Sabratha Wa Surman haes been pairt o Az Zawiyah Destrict.

In the north, Az Zawiyah haes a shoreline borderin the Mediterranean Sea. On land, it borders the follaein destricts:
*Tarabulus - east
*Al Jfara - sootheast
*Al Jabal al Gharbi - sooth
*An Nuqat al Khams - wast


## References
Sana'a Govrenorate

**Sana'a** ( **) is a govrenorate o Yemen. Its caipital is Sana'a, which is an aa the naitional caipital. Housomeivver, the ceety o Sana'a is no pairt o the Govrenorate but insteid forms the separate destrict o Amanat Al-Asemah. The Govrenorate covers an aurie o 13,850&nbsp;km². As o 2004, the population wis 918,379 indwallers.

## Destricts
*Al Haymah Ad Dakhiliyah Destrict
*Al Haymah Al Kharijiyah Destrict
*Al Husn Destrict
*Arhab Destrict
*Attyal Destrict
*Bani Dhabyan Destrict
*Bani Hushaysh Destrict
*Bani Matar Destrict
*Bilad Ar Rus Destrict
*Hamdan Destrict
*Jihanah Destrict
*Khwlan Destrict
*Manakhah Destrict
*Nihm Destrict
*Sa'fan Destrict
*Sanhan Destrict
Baghdad Province

**Baghdad Province** ( ) is a province in Iraq. It includes the Ceety o Baghdad, as well as the surroondin metropolitan aurie, which includes Al-Mada'in, Taji, Mahmudiya Destrict (in the so-cried "triangle o daith") an Abu Ghraib Destrict.  The govrenorate haes a total aurie o 4,071 square kilometers (1,571.8 sq mi), the smawest o the 18 govrenorates o Iraq but the maist populous.

## Provincial Govrenment
*Govrenor: Salah Abdulrazzaq https://archive.today/20130129010243/www.monstersandcritics.com/news/middleeast/news/article_1405616.php
*Provincial Council Chairman (PCC): Kamil az-Zubaydi http://www.centcom.mil/en/news/2325.html 

## Description

The province o Baghdad is considered ane o the mair developed pairts o Iraq, wi a better infrastructur than muckle o Iraq, though hivily damaged frae the invasion in 2003 an continuin violence the day. Baghdad, even though considered the maist hivily guardit aurie in Iraq, is still the scene o ambushes an attacks frae Iraqi rebels directit towards Coalition troops. It an aa haes ane o the heichest rates for terrorism in the warld wi bombs, suicide attackers, an hit squads operatin in the ceety.

Baghdad haes at least 12 brigs spannin the Tigris river - joinin the east an wast o the ceety. The Sadr Ceety destrict o the caipital is the maist densely populatit aurie in Iraq.

## Provincial Admeenistration

Baghdad is govrened bi the Baghdad Provincial Cooncil.  Representatives tae the Baghdad Provincial/Govrenorate Cooncil wur electit bi their peers frae the lawer cooncils o the admeenistrative destricts in Baghdad in numbers proportional tae the population o the various destricts that wur representit.

## Destricts o Baghdad Province
* Abu Ghraib 
* Al Istiqlal
* Al-Mada'in  
* Mahmudiya
* Taji
* Al Tarmia
* Baghdad (ceety)
**Adhamiyah 
**Karkh 
**Karadah 
**Kadhimyah
**Mansour
**Sadr Ceety
**Al Rashid 
**Rusafa
**9 Nissan

## Sister ceety
The Baghdad Province haes a sister relationship wi the Denver-Aurora metropolitan aurie, based in Denver, Colorado, Unitit States o Americae.

## See an aa

* Baghdad

## References

## Freemit airtins
*Offeecial Wabsteid o the Baghdad Province 
*http://www.humanitarianinfo.org/
*Baghdad-Denver Region Partnerhip
Baltimore

**Baltimore** (, locally: )  is the lairgest independent ceety in the Unitit States an the lairgest ceety an cultural centre o the US state o Maryland. The ceety is locatit in central Maryland alang the tidal portion o the Patapsco River, an airm o the Chesapeake Bay. Baltimore is whiles referred tae as **Baltimore Ceety** in order tae distinguish it frae surroondin Baltimore Coonty. Foondit in 1729, Baltimore is the lairgest U.S. seaport in the Mid-Atlantic an is situatit closer tae major Midwastren mercats than ony ither major seaport on the East Coast. Baltimore's Inner Harbor wis ance the seicont leadin port o entry for immigrants tae the Unitit States an a major manufacturin centre. The harbour is nou hame tae Harborplace, a shoppin, entertainment, an tourist centre, an the National Aquarium in Baltimore. Accordin tae Forbes, the ceety o Baltimore wis ratit 3rd best place tae shop in 2010. Efter a decline in manufacturin, Baltimore shiftit tae a service-orientit economy. Johns Hopkins University an Johns Hopkins Hospital are nou the ceety's lairgest employers.

At 620,961 in 2010, Baltimore's population haes been decreasin considerably syne the 1970s. The Baltimore Metropolitan Aurie haes approximately 2.7&nbsp;million residents; the 21st lairgest in the kintra. Baltimore is an aa the lairgest ceety in the surroondin associatit combined statistical aurie o approximately 8.4&nbsp;million residents.

The ceety is named efter Lord Baltimore, a member o the Erse Hoose o Lords an the foondin proprietor o the Maryland Colony. Baltimore hissel teuk his title frae a place in Bornacoola parish, Coonty Leitrim an Coonty Longford, Ireland. Baltimore is an anglicised form o the Erse *Baile an Tí Mhóir*, meanin "Toun o the Big Hoose", no tae be ramfeeselt wi Baltimore, Coonty Cork, the Erse name o which is *Dún na Séad*.

## Sister ceeties
The ceety o Baltimore includes the follaein sister ceeties belaw:

*  Alexandria, Egyp (1995)
*  Ashkelon, Israel (2005)
*  Bremerhaven, Germany (2007)
*  Gbarnga, Liberie (1973)
*  Genoa, Italy (1985)
*  Kawasaki, Japan (1978)
*  Luxor, Egyp (1982)
*  Odessa, Ukraine (1974)
*  Piraeus, Greece (1982)
*  Rotterdam, Netherlands (1985)
*  Xiamen, Fowkrepublic o Cheenae (1985)


## References
Meknassy

**Meknassy** is a toun an commune in the Sidi Bou Zid Govrenorate, Tunisie. As o 2004 it haed a population o 13,742.
 
It is a sma admeenistrative centre (caipital o delegation) an a mercatin centre for agricultural produce frae the surroondin aurie (includin fruit).
 
Its population is explained bi the settlin o Berber tribes (Confederation o Hammama) that nomadic steppe in the region.
 
The ceety is internaitionally kent for horse breedin purebred Arabians as well as the organization's annual festival o Arab thoroughbreds whose 25t edition wis held frae 13 tae 15 Mey 2006.

## See an aa
*Leet o ceeties in Tunisie

## References
Maria Arkhipova

**Maria Arkhipova** (; born 9 Januar 1983 in Moscow), kent bi her stage name as **Masha Scream** an aw, is a Roushie hivy metal muisicker fae Moscow. She is the foonder an vocalist an main sangwriter o the fowk metal baund Arkona. She haes played in ither baunds sic as Nargathond an Slavery forby. 

## Personal wittins
Arkhipova is marriet tae fellae baund member Sergei "Lazar" Atrashkevich wi whom she haes twa childer.

## Discography
### Wi Arkona
#### Studio albums
* *[[Vozrozhdeniye]]* (2004)
* *[[Lepta]]* (2004)
* *[[Vo Slavu Velikim!]]* (2005)
* *[[Ot Serdtsa K Nebu]]* (2007)
* *[[Goi, Rode, Goi!]]* (2009)
* *[[Stenka Na Stenku]]* (2011, EP)
* *[[Slovo (album)|Slovo]]* (2011)

#### Live albums / DVDs
* *[[Zhizn Vo Slavu]]* (2006)
* *[[Noch Velesova]]* (2009)

### Wi Nargathrond
#### Studio albums
* *Carnal Lust and Wolfen Hunger* (2000)
* *...For We Blessed This World With Plagues* (2002)
* *Inevitability* (2004)

### Guest kythins
Arkhipova kythed as a guest vocalist on Svarga's first twa albums *Ogni na Kurganah* an *There, Where Woods Doze...*. She appeared on Ancestral Volkhves' seicont studio album *Perun Do Vas!!!*
Regions o Belaroushie

At the top level o admeenistration, the Eastren European kintra o Belaroushie is dividit intae sax *[[voblast]]s* (meanin "provinces" or "regions") an the ceety o Minsk, which haes a special status being the caipital o Belaroushie. Minsk is an aa the caipital o Minsk Region.

At the seicont level, the *voblasts* are dividit intae *[[raion]]s* ("districts").

The layoot an extent o the *voblasts* wur set in 1960 when Belaroushie (then Byelorussian SSR) wis a pairt o the Soviet Union.

## Map

## History
At the stairt o the 20t century, the bundaries o the Belaroushie lands athin the Roushie Empire wur still being defined. The amoont o territory that wis cried Belaroushie contained the entire Minsk Govrenorate an Mogilev Govrenorate, the majority o Hrodna Govrenorate, pairts o Vitebsk Govrenorate an the pairts o Vilna Govrenorate (the latter is nou in Lithuanie).

## See an aa
* ISO 3166-2:BY, the ISO codes o the voblasts o Belaroushie.
* Touns o Belaroushie

## References

## External links
* Current Status of United Nations Romanization Systems for Geographical Names of Belarus
Minsk Region

**Minsk Voblasc (Province)** or **Minsk Oblast** (, ; ; *Minskaya Oblast*) is a province (voblast) o Belaroushie wi its admeenistrative center being Minsk, although still being a separate admeenistrative subdiveesion o Belaroushie. As o 2004, the voblast's population is 1,503,000, which comprises 15.3% o the naitional total.

## Geography

The Minsk oblast covers a total aurie o 40,800&nbsp;km², aboot 19.44% o the naitional total. In the northren pairt o the oblast, is the Lake Narach, the lairgest lake in the kintra. It is the anerlie province o Belaroushie whose border is no pairt o the internaitional border o Belaroushie.

## Admeenistrative subdiveesions
The day it comprises 22 destricts (raions), 307 selsovets, 22 ceeties, 8 ceety municipalities, an 20 urban-type settlements.

### Ceeties an touns
* Minsk (; ) - 1,780,000
* Barysaw (; ) - 150,400
* Salihorsk (; ) - 101,400
* Maladzyechna (; ) - 98,400
* Slutsk (; ) - 62,300
* Zhodzina (; ) - 61,800
* Vileyka (; ) - 30,000
* Dzyarzhynsk (; ) - 24,600
* Maryina Horka (; ) - 23,400
* Stoŭptsy (; )  - 16,900
* Nyasvizh (; ) - 14,300
* Smalyavichy (; ) - 14,200
* Zasłaŭje (; ) - 13,500
* Fanipol (; ) - 13,200
* Berazino (; ) - 13,100
* Lyuban (; ) - 11,800
* Staryya Darohi (; ) - 11,700
* Valozhyn (; ) - 11,400
* Lahojsk (; ) - 11,000
* Kapyl (; ) - 10,700
* Kletsk (; ) - 10,600
* Cherven (; ) - 10,500
* Uzda (; ) - 10,000
* Krupki (; ) - 8,300
* Myadzel (; ) - 7,100

## Notes an References

## See an aa
* Subdiveesions o Belaroushie

## External links
Salkhad

**Salkhad** ()  a Sirian ceety that is locatit in the As-Suwayda Govrenorate.
It is the caipital o the Salkhad Destrict, ane o the govrenorate's three destricts. It haes a population o 15,000 inhabitants.

It is locatit at 1350 metres abuin sea level in the central Jabal el Druze heichlands.

## History

Mentioned several times in the Bible as "Salcah", as a settlement in biblical Baushan. Durin the seicont century BC Salcah wis a flourishin Nabataean ceety, where the gods Dushara an Allat wur worshiped. Efterwards it wis incorporatit intae the Roman province o Arabie, it wis ane o the important ceeties in Hauran durin Roman an later Byzantine epochs, Salkhad is indicatit in the Madaba mosaic map o the saxt century AD.

Due tae the strategic position o the ceety owerleukin Hauran plains tae the wast, the Ayyubid dynasty built a fortress in Salkhad atween 1214 - 1247 tae coonter a possible attack o the Crusades intae inner Hauran. It haes an aa been said that Al-Afdal wis exiled here bi his uncle an brither.

The importance o the ceety decreased efter the Crusades, an it wis occasionally owerrun bi Bedouins seekin pasture in the simmer for their flocks.

A number o Greek orthodox Christians, o Ghassanid ancestry, successively remained in the region. Salkhad an the adjacent region wut re-inhabitit bi Druze families frae Munt Lebanon in the late 17t, 18t an 19t centuries. 

Durin Ottoman times the ceety enjoyed a feudal-type autonomy like muckle o the Jabal el Druze aurie unner the chieftaincy o Al-Hamdan family an later Al-Atrash family, mony battles against Ottoman Turks teuk place in this region bi the locals tae maintain their autonomy.

In the early 20t century the ceety wis pairt o the 1921-1936 Druze state unner the French Mandate o Sirie, the state wis gradually incorporatit intae Sirie efter the Great Sirian Revolt o 1925-1927 led bi Sultan Al-Atrash. 

The ceety nou is the centre o Salkhad destrict o As Suwayda govrenorate, it is the soothmaist destrict in Sirie.

## Airchaeology
The fortress o Salkhad is the maist important monument locatit in a hill inside the ceety , built atween 1214-1247 bi the Ayyubid dynasty as a pairt o their defences against the crusades. It is said that this fortress wur built in the site o aulder Roman fortifications. A hexagonal basalt minaret still staundin intact in the ceety’s main square. Mony Roman auld time hooses, still partially inhabitit bi locals. Nabatean, Roman an Ayyubid Tombs are an aa there wi decorative motifs.

## Freemit airtins
* Old image of the Fortress of Salkhad
Bahr Yussef

The **Bahr Yussef**( )(), which roughly translates frae Arabic as "the waterway o Joseph", is a canal which connects the Nile River wi Faiyum in Egyp. This wis oreeginally in prehistoric times a natural affshuit o the Nile which creatit a lake tae the wast durin heich floods. Beginnin wi the 12t dynasty, the waterway wis enlairged an the Fayyum wis developed tae enlairge Lake Moeris. The canal wis built intae the natural incline o the valley, creatin a channel 15&nbsp;km lang an 5 m deep that sloped intae the Fayyum depression.  The canal wis controlled bi the Ha-Uar Dam, which wis actually twa dams that regulatit the flow intae the lake an oot o the Nile.  As the surroondin aurie chyngit at aboot 230 BC, the Bahr Yussef eventually became neglectit, leavin maist o Lake Moeris tae dry up creatin the depression that exists the day an the modren province o Al Fayyum.

The Bahr Yussef still exists the day, feedin water northwards intae the Birket Qarun, parallel wi the Nile.

## References
* The Hydraulics of Open Channel Flow: An Introduction 

## Notes

## Freemit airtins
Île-de-France

**Île-de-France** mey refer tae:
* Île-de-France (province), the historical province o Fraunce
* Île-de-France (region), the modren French admeenistrative région
* Île-de-France (European Parliament constituency), a constituency in the European Parliament
* Île-de-France (sheep), a breed o sheep oreeginatin in the region
* Île-de-France, a public square in Paris, Fraunce, on the island Île de la Cité
* Île de France, a umwhile name o Mauritius while unner French control in the 18t century
* The *[[SS Ile de France]]*, a French ocean liner biggit in Saint-Nazaire for the Compagnie Générale Transatlantique
* Ile-de-France is a sector o Planoise (Besançon), Doubs)
* Ile-de-France is a sma island aff the eastren coast o Greenland
Île-de-France (region)

**Île-de-France** (literally **Isle o Fraunce**) is the walthiest an maist populatit o the twinty-sax admeenistrative regions o Fraunce, composed maistly o the Paris metropolitan aurie. It is often cawed **Paris Region** ().
It is ane o Fraunce's admeenistrative regions. 

Wi 11.7 million inhabitants, Île-de-France is no anerlie the maist populatit region o Fraunce but haes mair residents than Austrick, Belgium, Greece, Portugal or Swaden, an haes a population comparable tae that o either the U.S. state o Ohio or the Canadian province o Ontario. It is the fowert maist populous kintra subdiveesion in the European Union efter Ingland, North Rhine-Westphalie an Bavarie.

Economically, Île-de-France is the warld's 4t an Europe's 1st walthiest an lairgest regional economy: in 2009, its total GDP as calculatit bi Eurostat wis €552&nbsp;billion (US$768.9 billion) at mercat exchynge rates; it is the walthiest metropolitan aurie in the European Union an - if it wur a kintra, it wad rank as the 15t walthiest in the warld. Île-de-France an aa is, seicont tae the Kantō region, the warld's seicont maist important location for Fortune Global 500 companies' heidquarters.

Creatit as the "Destrict o the Paris Region" in 1961; it wis renamed efter the historic province o "Isle de France" in 1976, when its admeenistrative status wis aligned wi the ither French admeenistrative regions creatit in 1972. Its name literally means "Island o Fraunce", possibly frae auncient Frankish *Liddle Franke*, "little Fraunce". Despite the name chynge, Île-de-France is still popularly referred tae bu French fowk as the *Région Parisienne* (the *Paris Region*) or *RP*. Housomeivver its inhabitants are mair an mair referred tae as "*Franciliens"*, an adjective creatit in the 80s an successfully uised the day. Ninety percent o its territory is covered bi the Paris *[[aire urbaine]]* (or "metropolitan aurie") which extends ayont its borders in places.

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns - Sister ceeties
Île-de-France is twinned wi:
*  Comunidad de Madrid in Spain *(syne 2000)*
*  Yerevan in Armenia *(syne 2011)*

## References