open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Craig Gordon

**Craig Gordon** (born 31 December 1982) is a Scots fitbaw goalkeeper fae Edinburgh. He is the current Scotland naitional team goalkeeper an plays his club fitbaw wi Heart of Midlothian. 

## References
Midgie

The **midge** or **midgie** (*Culicoides impunctatus*) bides in the Hielands an can gar fowk gang gyte wi its bite.
Foggie-bee

The **foggie-bee** (*Bombus muscorum*) is a bum-bee that for ordinar bides on muirs an mosses. It nests on the grund. It is kent as the foggie-bummer, foggie-toddler or foggie-tyke an aw.

## References
Bum-bee

**Bum-bees** or bummlers is sindry species o bee in the genus *Bombus* sic as the white airsie (*Bombus lucorum*), (*Bombus terrestris*) or (*Bombus vestalis*), the reid airsie (*Bombus lapidaries*), the foggie-bee (*Bombus muscorum*), the brounie (*Bombus pascuorum*) an the gairy-bee (*Bombus hortorum*).
Brobergen

**Brobergen** (in Nether-Saxon cryed *Brobargen*) is a clachan on the river Oste an part of Kranenburg, Landkreis Stade, Nether-Saxony, Germany, wi an area of 6,06&nbsp;km² an 226 indwallers (31 December 2003). The first time the clachan wis mentioned wis 1286 (*Brocberge*).
Warld

The **Warld** is a proper noon for the planet **[[Yird]]** frae a human pynt o view, as a place that human beins bides in. There wis aboot 7 billion (or 7,000 million) fowk on the planet as o Mairch 2013..

In a filosofical context the term mey refer tae the whole o the pheesical Universe, or an ontological warld, describit bi Martin Heidegger as *[[warld disclosur]]*.

In a theological context, *warld* usually refers tae the material or the profane sphere, as opponed tae the celestial, spiritual, transcendent or saucrit. The "end o the warld" refers tae scenarios o the final end o human history, eften in releegious contexts.

Warld history is commonly unnerstuid as spannin the major geopoleetical developments o aboot five millennia, frae the first ceevilisations tae the present. In terms such as warld releegion, warld leid, warld govrenment, an warld war, *warld* suggests internaitional or intercontinental scope wioot necessarily implyin pairteecipation o the entire warld.

Warld population is the sum o aw human populations at ony time; similarly, warld economy is the sum o the economies o aw societies or kintras, especially in the context o globalization. Terms like warld championship, gross warld product, warld banners imply the sum or combination o aw current-day sovereign states.

## Soorces
Shae

A **shae** is an item o fitweir. Shuin micht vary frae gutties tae buits. Shuin can hae heich or laich heels, awtho in wastern culturs, heich heels is conseedered a wumman's style. Shuin can be makkit frae laither or cannas. Whiles athletic shae soles micht be makkit frae cahootchie.
Ile

An **ile** is a substance that is in a viscous liquid state (*"slaumy"*) at room temperatur or a wee bit wairmer, an is baith hydrophobic (immiscible) wi watter) an lipophilic (miscible wi ither iles, literally *"creesh lovin"*). This general defineetion includes compund clesses wi itherwice fermit chemical structurs, properties, an uisses, includin vegetable iles, petroleum iles, an volatile essential iles. Ile is a nonpolar substance.
Accoontin

**Accoontin** is a the airt o creatin an communicatin financial information annent a business, company or firm tae ootside uisers sic as sharehauders an managers. This is usually in the form o financial statements that shaw in terms o money, hou muckle a businesses managers control.

The process o accoontin is vairy auld, wi some o the earliest coonts bein funnd in the Middle East that were ower 7,000 year auld. Thay were mainly uised then for notin crop growth an herd sizes for livestock. Sin then, accountin haes grown an developt inta a vast an complex aurie o knawledge wi rules an regulations an dizzens o perfaissional bodies across the world.

## Etymology

The wird "Accoontant" comes frae the Inglis "*Accountant*", that in turn came frae the French wird "*compter*" meanin tae coont an Latin "*Computare*". The Inglish wird chynged, oreeginally bein scrieven as "*Accomptant*", but bein soondit athoot the "p". Efter a time, the wird wis chynged awthegither. The Scots wird wis taen frae the Inglis wird an chynged tae fit wi the wird "*coont*" that haed awready been devailopit.
Press

A **press** is a kynd o caibinet, aften makkit oot o wid, uised inby tae hain hoosehaud objects sic like fuid an cheenae, an pertect thaim frae stour an clart.

As the name suggests, this bit o plenishin wis oreeginally a semple buird or table for tae pit tassies or mugs - recorded uise o sic a name dates back tae at laist the Middle Ages. For the lest few centuries, "press" haes referred tae a storage area wi doors.

## See forby
*Het press
Het press

A **het press** is a lairge inbiggit press, whiles it can be big eneuch for tae walk intae. It conteenin a watter heater; teepically an immersion heater for het rinnin watter raither nor a byler for central heatin watter.  Shelfs, for ordinar spart tae allou heat tae circulate, is poseetiont abuin or aboot the heater for tae provide storage for claes, teepically naperie an touellin.  The ettle is tae hinder dunk raither nor tae dry weet claes.  Ither names includes "byler press", or "airin press".
Neologism

A **neologism** is a wird, term, or phrase that haes been newlins shapit, aften tae applee tae new ideas, tae jyne pre-exeestin ideas, or for tae mak aulder terminology soond mair modren. Neologisms is parteecular uissfu in identifeein upmaks, new phenomena, or auld ideas that haes taen on a new cultural context. The term *[[e-mail]]*, as uised the day, is an ensaumple o a neologism.
Snochter-dichter

A **snochter-dichter** or **haundcurtchie** (*haunkie*) is a square o fabric, for ordinar cairiet in the pootch, for personal hygiene ettles sic like dichtin yer haunds or blawin yer neb, but can be uised as a decorative accessory in a suit pootch an aw. Richard II o Ingland is said tae hae cleckit the snochter-dichter.

Historically, white snochter-dichters haes been uised in place o a white flag for tae shaw surrender or a flag o truce. 

Ither names for snochter-dichter is *naipkin* or *snoot-cloot*.
Oobit

An **oobit**, **caterpeelar** or **kailwirm** is a young butterflee or blind-bat that haes juist cleckit frae its egg. Whan it is aulder, it will turn intae a pupae an syne turn intae a butterflee.
Vacuum cleaner

A **vacuum cleaner** (in the UK kent colloquially as a **hoover** an aw.) is a tuil that uises an air pump for tae mak a pairtial vacuum for tae souk up stour an clart, for ordinar frae fluirs.
Maist hames wi cairpetit fluirs in developed kintras haes a vacuum cleaner for the cleanin. The clart is gaithered by a filterin seestem or a cyclone for tae be gotten redd o later.

Some Scots leid enthusiasts hae cleckit the calque *stour-souker* frae the German *Staubsauger* for vacuum cleaners.

## References
Refrigerator

A **refrigerator** (aften cried a "**fridge**" for short) is a cuilin appliance makkit up o a thermally insulatit compairtment an a mechanism for tae transpose heat frae it tae the environs athoot, cuilin the contents tae a temperatur ablo ruim temperatur. Refrigerators is widely uised for tae keep fuids that dwynes at ruim temperaturs; spylin frae bacteriel growthe an ither processes is a hantle slawer at laich temperaturs. A device descrived as a "refrigerator" keeps a temperatur a wheen degrees abuin the freezin pynt o watter; a sib device that keeps a temperatur ablo the freezin pynt o watter is cried a "**freezer**". The refrigerator is a quite modren upmak amang kitchen appliances. It replaced the common icebox that wis pitten ootby for naurlins a century an a hauf afore, an is whiles still cried by the oreeginal name "icebox".

Some Scots leid enthusiasts hae cleckit the neologism *cauld-press* for refrigerators.

## References
Binoculars

**Binoculars** are a kynd o tuil that lats fowk see hyne awa things mair clear, uisin a technology cried optics. Thay are makkit frae a pair o tubes that are haudden afore a body's een. The tubes is prospects that haes lenses that focus licht uisin preesms, a process cried magnification.  This wey, whan a body leuks throu the binoculars at a hyne awa object, it leuks a hantle closer. Thay are maist aften uised for birdwatchin an amateur astronomy.

Some Scots leid enthusiasts hae cleckit the neologism *faur-keekers* for binoculars.
Wabsteid

A **wabsteid** is a set o wabpages that airts tae ilk ither. Fowk leuks at wabsteids wi a computer o some kynd, whiles includin the computer inower mobile telephones (see WAP) an televeesions. Thay are hostit on computers cried wab servers.
Autumn

The **autumn** or **hairst** is the saison eftir simmer an afore winter.

The hairst gits its name frae it bein a tym for hairstin maist craps. Deceidus trees (trees that loss thair leafs ilka yeir) loss thair leafs, forordnar eftir turnin yellae, reid, or broun in the hairst. In monie kintras, the hairst is the tym a new skuil or acadmic yeir stairts; in the Unitit Kinrick, this cam frae the 1880 Education Act, makkin skuill fir aw childer frae five tae ten yeir stairt in September, aifter the maist o the hairst wis in.

Whan it is the hairst in the Northren Hemisphere, it is the ware in the Soothren Hemisphere. Whan it is the hairst in the Soothren Hemisphere, it is the ware in the Northren Hemisphere.

## References
Black hole

A **black hole** is an object in the universe that's gravity haes sic a strang pou that e'en licht canna win awa frae it. Short syne, mony astronomers didna e'en ken gin thay kythed, but throu uisin modren prospects an leukin til the universe, thay fund objects wi sic a strang gravity that coud be nocht but black holes.

Some Scots leid enthusiasts hae cleckit the neologism *pitmirk thirl* for black holes.

## References
Yett

A **yett** is a pheesical hinderance that can be opent or closed for tae hinder or allou  fowk or craiturs tae gang intae or oot o a space inby waws, or a fence, or thay micht be juist decorative.

Lairger yetts can be uised for a hail biggin, sic as a castle or fortifee'd toun, or the actual doors that blocks entry throu. The day mony yetts is opent by an automatit yett operator.
Ned

**Ned** is a derogatory term applee'd tae certaint yung fowk in Scotland  (seemilar tae the terms chav, scanger uised in the Republic o Ireland, an spide/smick in Northren Ireland). The stereoteipical view o a ned is a white adolescent male, o warkin cless backgrund, that weirs fauss Burberry, that taks pairt in hooliganism, petty creiminality, scurrivaigin, unnerage drinkin an smokin or general anti-social behaviour.  Thay is aften assumed tae be unemployed.

## Etymology
The oreigin o the term isna clear. Accordin tae Rosie Kane, umwhile MSP for the Scots Socialist Pairty ned is an acronym derived frae the phrase "non-eddicated delinquent", awtho for suith this derivation is a backronym. In addition, "uneddicated" is the ordinar term.  It micht be that it comes frae an abbreviation o the nou auld farrant phrase "ne'er-dae-weil."

## References
Paum Sunday

**Paum Sunday** is the first day o Haly Week in the Christian calender. It is the Sunday afore Easter an merks the day that Jesus cam tae Jerusalem for his last week on the yird.

(*Aw Biblical quotes in this airticle haes been taen frae [[William Laughton Lorimer|W.L Lorimer's translate]]*)

## Paum Sunday in the Bible
Aw fower Gospels gies an acoont o Jesus' comin tae Jerusalem. In essence, as he cam tae Jerusalem at the hintend o his meesion darg, he felt it wis needfu tae gie some seembol o his Messianic ettle. He chuised tae come intae the ceety upo a cuddie, raither nor a horse for twa main raisons:

:I) For tae evyte kythin as some kynd o warlaird (as conquerin warlaird wad ride warhorse; cuddies wis beasts o wark an peace, no battle).

:II) For tae fit in wi the weirdin o the Auld Testament prophet Zechariah that said that the Messiah wad enter Jerusalem upo a cuddie.

Mark's Gospel gies the follaein acoont:

::*Whan they war comin naur Jerusalem, an hed gotten the lenth o Bethpagie an Bethanie an the Hill o Olives, Jesus sent twa o his disciples on an eerant: "Gae tae yon clachan owrebye. Richt at the in-gaun ye'll finnd a cowt tethert at nae man hes e'er ridden; lowse him an bring him here. Gin oniebodie speirs at yer , "What ar ye daein there?", tell him at the Maister's needin him an is tae send him back belyve...*[the twa dae at he telt thaim]...*they brocht the cowt tae Jesus an laid their coats on its back, an he muntit it. Monie o the fowk spreidit their coats on the road, an ithirs strawed it wi the ryss they hed cuttit i the fíelds; an afore him an ahent him, as he gaed alang, they war aa cryin, "Hosanna! Blissins on him at comes i the name o the Lord! Blissins on the comin Kíngdom o our Faither Dauvit! Hosanna i the heicht o heiven!*
(*Mark* 11: 1-10)

## Paum Sunday in Modren Christian Wirship
As the stairt o the Haly Week, maist kirks uises the Paum Sunday service tae set oot the themes o the Week leadin up tae Easter, an for ordinar sets oot the chynge in the fortuins o Jesus: the Messianic anteecipation o the thrang Paum Sunday (the sae cried "Treeumphal Entry"); the confrontations wi the authorities; the reestin; the thrang turnin agin him - aw leadin up tae the crucifeexion an resurrection. The focus on Paum Sunday tends tae be on the popularity an the anteecipation o Jesus bringin in the Messianic Kinrick, an wi focus in hou Jesus' ideas o the Kinrick differed frae the ideas o the fowk.

As an illustration o the Entry, kirks is aften decorate wi paum leafs (or in kintras whaur palm tress disna growe, paper leafs is aften substitute) on the waws, pillars an fluirs.

## Fremmit Airtins
* BBC page anent Paum Sunday
Neilstoun

**Neilston** or **Neilstoun** is a clachan an pairish in East Renfrewshire in the wast lawlands o Scotland. Neilston is on the Watter Levern, soothwast o Barrheid, sooth-soothwast o Renfrew, an sooth o Paisley, at the soothwastarn lip o Greater Glesga. Mair nor 5,000 fowk bides in the clachan o Neilston. 

Cotton factories an textile mills becam employers o mony fowk in Neilston an the local airt.

## Soorces
Electoral leet

A **leet** is the list o candidates or nominees that's been pitten forrit for a post, office or poseetion, for ordinar them that's thocht the maist suitable. Whiles uised for ony list o bodies waled for some ettle or ither. 

* A **lang leet** or muckle leet is the list o aw candidates for a poseetion etc.

* A **short leet** is the final list o candidates for ony poseetion etc. efter less suitable candidates haes been drappit frae the lang leet, kent as *shortenin the leet*.

A leet is pitten thegither for the waled or prize-winnin beast at an agricultural shaw.
Unitit States dollar

The **Unitit States dollar** (currency code **USD**) is the unit o siller o the Unitit States. The U.S. dollar haes been adoptit as the offeecial an legal siller by the govrenments in a wheen o ither kintras an aw. The U.S. dollar is for ordinar abbreviated as the dollar sign, **$**, or as **USD** or **US$** for tae disteenguish it frae ither dollar-denominatit sillers an frae ithers that uise the $ seembol. It is divided intae 100 cents.

## References

## Fremmit airtins
*
Banner o Unitit Kinrick

The Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland uises as its naitional banner the ryal banner kent locally as the **Union Banner** or, popularly, **Union Jack**  (awtho this name is the ane that is richt whan the banner is flewn on a jackstaff at sea). The current design o the Union Flag dates frae the union o Ireland an Great Breetain in 1801. It conseests o the reid cross o Saunt George (patron saunt o Ingland), skirtit in white, happin the diagonal reid cross o Saunt Patrick (patron saunt o Ireland), that's happin the Saltire o Saunt Andra (patron saunt o Scotland). The banner represents the three kintras o the Breetish Croun, Scotland, Ingland, Northren Ireland. Wales isna represent in the Union Banner syne she comes unner the Prince o Wales raither nor the Breetish Monarch. Scotland is represent by the St. Andra's Cross, Ingland by the St. George's Cross an Northren Ireland by the St. Patrick's Cross (oreeginally tae represent the hail o Ireland afore the pairtition).

## References
Emblem o Unitit Kinrick

The **Ryal Coat o Airms o the [[Unitit Kinrick]]** is the offeecial coat o airms o the Breetish monarch, currently King Charles III. Thir airms is uised by the Queen in her offeecial capacity as monarch, an is offeecially kent as her **Airms o Dominion**. Variants o the Ryal Airms are uised by ither members o the Ryal Faimily; an by the Breetish Govrenment in connection wi the admeenistration an govrenment o the kintra. In Scotland, the Queen haes a sindry version o the Ryal Airms, a variant o it is uised by the Scotland Office.
Monarch

A **monarch** is a heid o state, that micht or micht no, dependin on the style o govrenment o a nation, exerce kingly pouers ower a kintra for ordinar cried a kinrick. A king is the seicont heichmaist noble teetle, dingit anerly by emperor. A king aften weirs a kynd o symbol heidgear kent as a croun. A male monarch is cried ae king, an a female monarch is cried ae queen.

__NOTOC__
Port (disambiguation)

A **[[port]]** is a facility for receivin ships an transferrin cargo.

**Port** or **Ports** mey refer tae:

*A yett, parteecular ane in a ceety waw
*A faceelity, sic as a herbour, for tae receive ships an transposin fraucht. Thay are for ordinar situatit at the edge o an ocean, sea, river, or loch (see Seaport).
Egyp

**Egyp**, kent as the **Arab Republic o Egyp** an aw, is a Kintra in north Africae that includes the Sinai Hauf-Island, a laund brig tae Asie. Kiverin an airt o aboot 1001450 sqkm, Egypt haes laund mairches wi Libie tae the wast, Sudan tae the sooth an the Gaza Strip an Israel tae the east. The northren coast mairches the Mediterranean Sea; the eastren coast mairches the Reid Sea.  

## Admeenistrative diveesions

Egyp is dividit intae 27 govrenorates. The govrenorates are forder dividit intae regions. The regions contain touns an clachans. Each govrenorate haes a caipital, whiles carryin the same name as the govrenorate.

In Aprile 2008, Cairo an Giza wur subdividit intae 4 govrenorates, namely the governorates of Cairo, Giza, 6 October an Helwan. As o Aprile 2011, 6 October an Helwan govrenorates war agin incorporated intae Giza an Cairo respectively. In 2009, the city o Luxor wis declared an independent govrenorate.

The *[[Upper Egyp|Upper]]* govrenorates are locatit sooth o Cairo, whiles the *[[Lawer Egyp|Lawer]]* govrenorates are locatit in the Delta o the Nile, north o Cairo.

## References

## Freemit airtins
;Govrenment
* Egyp's Govrenment Services Portal  (Arabic, Inglis)
* Egyp Information Portal (Arabic, Inglis)
Naitional ensenyie

A state ensenyie is uised for tae descrieve the ettle or motivation o the state in a cutty phrase. For ensaumple, it can be includit on a kintra's coat o airms, cunyies or baunknotes. Some kintras chuises no tae hae a naitional ensenye.
Demographics o Unitit Kinrick

*See forby: [[Demography o Ingland]]; [[Demography an poleetics o Northren Ireland]]; [[Demography o Scotland]]; [[Demography o Wales]]*

Accordin tae the 2001 census, the Unitit Kinrick's population wis 58,789,194 - the third-lairgest in the European Union (ahint Germany an metropolitan Fraunce) an the 21st-lairgest in the warld. Its hail population density is ane o the heichest in the warld. Awmaist ae-third o the population leeves in Ingland's sootheast an is foremaist urban an suburban, wi aboot 7.7 million in the caipital o Lunnon. The Unitit Kinrick's heich leeteracy rate (99%) is endue tae universal public eddication introduced for the primary level in 1870 an seicondary level in 1900 (cep in Scotland whaur it wis introduced in 1696. Eddication is compulsory frae the ages o 5 tae 16. Aboot ae-fift o Breetish students gangs on tae post-secondary eddication (18+). The Kirk o Ingland an the Kirk o Scotland functions as the offeecial naitional kirks in thair respective kintras, but the major releegions fund in the warld is representit in the Unitit Kinrick.
Coordinatit Universal Time

**Coordinatit Universal Time** (abbreviatit tae **UTC**) is a heich-preceesion atomic time staundart. UTC haes uniform seiconts defined by Internaitional Atomic Time (TAI), wi lowp seiconts annunced at orra intervals for tae assyth for the Yird's slawin birl an ither discrepancies. Lowp seiconts allous UTC tae closely track Universal Time (UT), a time staundart based no on the uniform passage o seiconts, but on the Yird's angular birl.
Constitutional monarchy

A **kintra wi a pairlament** or **leemitit monarchy** is a form o govrenment staiblished unner a constitutional seestem that haes an electit or hereditar monarch as heid o state, as contrair tae an absolute monarchy, whaur the monarch isna thirlt by a consteetution an is the ae soorde o poleetical pouer. (The Unitit Kinrick is a kintra wi pairlament e'en tho it daesna hae an actual written constitution.) The process o govrenment an law athin a kinrick wi a pairlament is for ordinar gey different frae that in an absolute monarchy. 

In maist kinricks wi a pairlament the monarch can be regairdit as the heid o state but the prime meenister, whase pouer comes directly or indirectly frae elections, is the heid o govrenment.
Banner o Scotland

The **banner o Scotland** featurs a white saltire, a *crux decussate* (X-shapit ruid) representin the ruid o the Christian mairtyr Saunt Andra, the patron saunt o Scotland, on a blue field. It is cried the **Saltire** or the **Saunt Andra's Cross**. In heraldic langage, it can be blazoned *[[Azure]], a saltire [[argent]]*.
Ryal coat o airms o Scotland

The **ryal coat o airms o Scotland** wis the offeecial coat o airms o the monarchs o Scotland, an wis uised as the offeecial coat o airms o the Kinrick o Scotland till the Union o the Crouns in 1603. At the hinderend, the airms gaed on tae acome an important pairt o the Ryal Coat o Airms o the Unitit Kinrick.
Nemo me impune lacessit

***Nemo me impune lacessit*** is the Laitin ensenyie o the Order o the Thristle, a nummer o the Scots-based regiments o the Breetish Airmy  an is uised on the Ryal coat o airms o the Unitit Kinrick in Scotland. It is aften pitten ower intae the Inglis as, "*None provoke me unpunished*".  

## Scots translate
In the Scots leid, the ensenyie is aften pitten ower as **Wha daur meddle wi me?**, houaniver, a mair accurate renderin wad be **Naebody chaws me wi impunity**.

## References
Kenneth MacAlpin

**Kenneth MacAlpin** or *Cináed mac Ailpín* (Modren Gaelic: *Coinneach mac Ailpein*), an is kent in maist modren regnal lists as **Kenneth I** (dee'd 13 Februar 858) wis king o the Pechts an, gaun bi naitional meeth, first king o Scots, earnin him the eikname o **An Ferbasach**, "The Subdewer" lang syne.. He sicceded Drest the Ninth i' Pechtland an wis the first king i' Pechtland an Scotland. He ws sicceded bie' Donald I, king o Scots.

Some fowk consider him tae be thi first king o Caledonia but the first king ti rule aw o' Scotland wis in the 900's.His reign might i' staerted in 843 but is disputed syne he wis King o Pechtland an Scotland. Sae some fowk state his reign staerted in 848.

Kenneth wis' weel keent fir' uniting mony Pechtish tribes tae form Unitit Pechtland an Caledonia.

Preiceded bi: Drest X (King o Pictland)

Sucedded bi: Donald I (King o Scotland & Pictland)

## Notes
God Save the King

***"God Save the Queen"***, or ***"God Save the King"***, is an anthem uised in a nummer o Commonweel kinricks; it is the naitional anthem o the Unitit Kinrick, aa the Breetish Owerseas Territories, ane o the twa naitional anthems o New Zealand, an the ryal anthem o Canadae, Australie, Jamaica an the Isle o Mann. In kintras no previously pairt o the Breetish Empire the tuin o "God Save the Queen" haes been uised as the foonds for sindry patriotic sangs, tho still for ordinar connectit wi ryal ceremony. The author o the sang isna kent, an ayont its first verse, that is conseestent, it haes mony historic an extant versions: Syne its first publication, different verses haes been eikit an taen aff an, e'en the day, different publications includes sindry walins o verses in sindry orders. In general anerly ane, or whiles twa verses is sung, but on rair occasions three. Ane or twa baurs can form a pairt o the Vice Regal Salute in Commonweel kinricks ootwi the Unitit Kinrick an aw. The wirds o the sang, lik its teetle, is adaptit tae the gender o monarch, wi "King" replacin "Queen", "he" replacin "she", an sae on, whan a king rings. In the Unitit Kinrick, the last line o the third verse is chynged an aw. Whan the anthem is played, the monarch disnae sing it, as it is a prayer for him o her; houaniver, the consort sings it.

### Inglis Lyrics
:God save our gracious Queen,
:Long live our noble Queen,
:God save the Queen:
:Send her victorious,
:Happy and glorious,
:Long to reign over us:
:God save the Queen.

:O Lord, our God, arise,
:Scatter her enemies,
:And make them fall:
:Confound their politics,
:Frustrate their knavish tricks,
:On thee our hopes we fix:
:God save us all.

:Thy choicest gifts in store,
:On her be pleased to pour;
:Long may she reign:
:May she defend our laws,
:And ever give us cause
:To sing with heart and voice
:God save the Queen.

:Not in this land alone,
:But be God's mercies known,
:From shore to shore!
:Lord make the nations see,
:That men should brothers be,
:And form one family,
:The wide world over.

:From every latent foe,
:From the assassins blow,
:God save the Queen!
:O'er her thine arm extend,
:For Britain's sake defend,
:Our mother, prince, and friend,
:God save the Queen!

### Scots Translation
:God save oor gracious Queen,
:Lang lee oor noble Queen,
:God save th' Queen:
:Send her veectorious,
:Happy 'n' glorious,
:Lang tae reign ower us:
:God save th' Queen.

:O Laird, oor God, arise,
:Scatter her faedom,
:An' mak' thaim faw.
:Confound thair politics,
:Frustrate thair knavish tricks,
:On Thee oor howps we fix,
:God save us a'.

:Thy choicest gifts in store,
:On her be chuffed tae pour;
:Lang kin she reign:
:May she defend oor laws,
:An' ever gies cause
:To sing wi' hert 'n' voice
:God save th' Queen

:Nae in this laund alane,
:But be God's mercies knawn,
:Frae shore tae shore!
:Laird mak' th' naitions see,
:That men shuid brithers be,
:An' form yin faimily,
:The wide warld ower.

:Frae ilka latent foe,
:Frae th' assassins blow,
:God save th' Queen!
:Ower her thine airm extend,
:For Breetain's sake defend,
:Our mither, prince, 'n' friend,
:God save th' Queen!

## References
Tap-level domain

A **tap-level domain** (**TLD**), whiles referred tae as a **tap-level domain name** (**TLDN**), is the last pairt o a domain name oan the Internet; that is, the letters that follaes the final dot o ony domain name. For ensample, in the domain name www.ensample.com, the tap-level domain is com (or COM, as domain names isna case-sensitive).

## Leet o present kintra tap-level domains
Ablo ar kintra-code tap-level domains, wi the company wha manages it. They feckly uise the twa letter kintra code set oot in ISO 3166-1.

## Leet o present general tap-level domains
Ablo is a leet of general tap-level domains, wi the company wha manages it.

## References
Naitional emblem

A **naitional emblem** seembolically  represents a kintra.  Maist naitional emblems come frae the naitral warld, (as ainimals  or flouers), but it micht can be onything.

Naitional emblems can kythe on mony things siclike the naitional banner, coat o airms, or ither patriotic stuffs. Ye shoudna confuise a formal naitional emblem wi less formal seembols potentially tae dae wi tourism or clichés, for ensaumple windmills in the Netherlands. E'en tho, mony unoffeecial seembols is as important as the offeecial anes - or e'en mair, sin some o thaim are recognised as "seembols" bi fowk that micht no ken the offeecial seembols.
Wastren European Simmer Time

**Wastren European Simmer Time** (**WEST**) is a simmer daylicht savin time schame, 1 oor aheid o Coordinatit Universal Time. It is uised in the follaein places:
* the Canary Islands
* the Faroe Islands
* the Republic o Ireland
* the Croun dependencies
* the Madeira islands
* continental Portugal
* the Unitit Kinrick

Wastren European Simmer Time is kent by ither names:
* **Breetish Simmer Time** (**BST**) in the Unitit Kinrick.
* **Erse Staundart Time** (IST) (Erse: *Am Caighdeánach na hÉireann* (ACÉ)) in Ireland. Whiles wrangly referred tae as  **Erse Simmer Time** (Erse: *Am Samhraidh na hÉireann*).
 
The scheame rins frae the last Sunday in Mairch to the last Sunday in October ilka year. At baith the stairt an end o the schames, knock chynges taks place at 01:00 UTC. Durin the winter, Greenwich Mean Time (UTC+0) is uised.

## Notes
Greenwich Mean Time

**Greenwich Mean Time** (**GMT**) is the mean solar time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, Lunnon. GMT wis umwhile uised as the internaitional ceevil time staundart, nou supersedit in that function bi Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). The day GMT is conseedert equivalent tae UTC for UK ceevil purposes (but this isna formalised) an for navigation is conseedert equivalent tae UT1 (the modren form o mean solar time at 0° longitude); thir twa meanins can differ bi up tae 0.9 s. Consequently, the term GMT should nae be used for precise purposes.

## References
Northren Isles

The **Northren Isles** is a cheen o islands aff the north coast o mainlaund Scotland.

The group is makkit up o Shetland, Fair Isle an Orkney.  Whiles Stroma is includit, awtho it is technically pairt o Caithness, no Orkney.

## Cultur an politics
The Northren Isles is for ordinar sindert for poleetical ettles, but thay come unner the Orkney an Shetland constituency for Wastminster.

Endue tae thair history, the islands haes a Norse, raither nor a Scots Gaelic flavour, an haes historic connections wi the Faroes an Iceland, Denmark an Norrowey.

## See forby
*North Isles
*Wastren Isles
*Norn leid
Scots Lawlands

The **Scots Lawlands** (Scots Gaelic: *a' Ghalldachd*, meanin roughly 'the non-Gaelic region' or *Machraichean na h-Alba*, an cried the *Lowlands* in Inglis), awtho no offeecially a geographical area o the kintra, for ordinar it is meant tae include thae pairts o Scotland no referred tae as the Hielands (or Gàidhealtachd), that is, awplace in an airtin sooth an east o a line (the Hieland Boonds Faut) atween Stanehyve an Helensburgh (on the Firth o Clyde). Confuisinly, some pairts o the Lawlands, sicas the Soothren Uplands isna pheesically 'law', an some sections o the Hielands, sicas Islay is laich-leein.

The Lawlands includes the tradeetional Scots coonties o  Ayrshire, Berwickshire, Clackmannanshire, Dumfriesshire, East Lowden, Fife, Kinross-shire, Kirkcudbrightshire, Lanrickshire, Mid-Lowden, Peeblesshire, Renfrewshire, Roxburghshire, Selkirkshire, Wast Lowden  an Wigtounshire.

Tradeetional Scots coonties that includes baith Hieland an Lawland sections includes  Angus, Dunbartonshire, Stirlinshire, Perthshire, Kincardineshire, Aiberdeenshire, Banffshire an Moray.

Awtho Caithness, is whiles clessifee'd unner Hielands an Islands, it is aften conseedered 'Lawland' an aw, an is differentiatit frae the Gàidhealtachd whan, for ensaumple, talkin aboot Lawland Scots (awtho pairts o Caithness spak Gaelic intil the 20t century). Orkney an Shetland is whiles cried 'lawland', mainly acause o thair current langage, but haes their ain identity derived frae the Norse tae the pynt o a wheen o the islanders no conseederin thairsels Scots.

## See an aw

*Scots Hielands
Cognate

**Cognates** in lingueestics is wirds that haes a common oreegin. Thay micht can occur athin a leid, sicas *shirt* an *skirt* as twa Inglis wirds comin frae the Proto-Indo-European wird **sker-*, meanin "tae cut". Thay micht can occur athort langages an aw, e.g. *nicht* an German *Nacht* as descendants o Proto-Indo-European **nokt-*, "nicht".
Internaitional Phonetic Alphabet

The **Internaitional Phonetic ABC** (**IPA**) is a seestem o phonetic notation foondit on the Laitin alphabet, cleckit by the Internaitional Phonetic Association as a staundartised representation o the soonds o spoken langage. The IPA is uised by lingueests, speech pathologists an therapists, fermmit langage teachers an collegianers, sangsters, actors, lexicographers, an translators.
Coontie Antrim

**Coontie Antrìm** (*Contae Aontroma* or juist *Aontroim* in Erse) is ane o the sax coonties that maks up the poleetical unit o Northren Ireland, an ane o the nine coonties that historically an geographically maks up the Stewartry o Ulster. It is the 9t lairgest o the 32 tradeetional Coonties o Ireland in terms o aurie, an 2t in terms o the nummer o indwallers, ahint Coonty Dublin. Antrim is seetuate in the nor'-east o the island o Ireland. It is boondit north an east bi the nairae seas sinderin Northren Ireland frae Scotland, the Atlantic Ocean an Erse Sea, sooth bi Belfast Loch an the River Lagan dividin it frae Coonty Doun, sooth-wast bi Loch Neagh, sinderin it frae Coonty Armagh an Coonty Tyrone, an wast bi Coonty Lunnonderry the boondary beins the River Bann. Kiverin an aurie o 2,844&nbsp;km², it haes a population o aboot 616,384, maist o thaim in an aboot the Belfast aurie.

## References
Lumsk

**Lumsk** is a Fowk metal baund frae Norawa.  They jyne thegithir progresive metal an Norse fowk muisic.  Aw their sangs is in Norse.

## Owerview
Efter ae sel-producit demo, Lumsk set furth an EP cried *Åsmund Frægdegjevar* in 2001 wi Spikefarm Records.  This got guid publicity in the Norrowegian muisic press, an won the baund the attention o the mair muckle label Tabu Recordings, wi wham they signed the neist year an set furth their debut album, also cried *Åsmund Frægdegjevar*.  The album's sangs thegither mak a saga-nairrative ament the auld Norse hero Åsmund that sailed frae Ireland tae lowse a king's bonnie dochter frae a curn o scunnersome trowes.

Wi a new lilter at the mic, the baund pit furth their seicond album, *Troll* in 2005.  This wes deifferent in twa-thrie weys frae the debut: muicically it wesna sae heivy or daurk; an leirically it didna mak ae storie, raither ilka sang wes a wee storie in itsel.  The stories wes taen frae Norse Meethology an the leirics wes screived by Birger Sivertsen an his guidwife Kristin.  Also in 2005, the baund pit out a single cried *Nidvisa*, that also haed the sang *Allvis* frae the album *Troll*.  The single wes scrieved fer Norse action curn *Gi oss jula tilbake* (Gie us back Christenmas) tae prostest agin depairtment stores pittin out their Christenmas buntin ower early an spulyin the blytheness an special feelin o Christenmas.  The profits frae the sale o the single gaed tae the action curn.

The baund's third fou-length album, *Det Vilde Kor* wes set furth in 2007.  Wi this record, the baund eikied muisic tae Det Vilde Kor - a gaitherin o musardrie by the kenspeckle Norrowegian makar Knut Hamsun (1859-1959), that wes a gey important chiel in the biggin o modren Norrowegian leeteratur an cultur (atweil, he wes a muckle influence on monie modren scrievers).

In July 2007, the band announcit that Ketil an Siv Lena (that's mairriet on ilk ithir) wad be qauttin the baund due tae haen a bairn due.  As o February 2008, replacements hae been funnd fer baith o thaim in the form o twa instrumental leirers frae Swaden (tho their names haena been announcit yet), the baund is reingin fer a new lilter and a new album is bein warked on.

## Line-up
### Members
* *Espen Warankov Godø* - Piano, Hammond, Synthesizer
* *Eystein Garberg* - Guitar
* *Haakan Lundqvist* - Guitar
* *Jenny Gustafson* - Violin
* *Espen Hammer* - Bass Guitar
* *Vidar Berg* - Drums

### Umwhile Members
* *Siv Lena Waterloo Laugtug* - Violin
* *Ketil Sæther* - Guitar
* *Alf Helge Lund* - Drums
* *Bjørnar Selsbak* - Guitar
* *Vibeke Arntzen* - Liltin

## Discography
### Demos
* *Demo 2001* (2001)
### Albums
* *Åsmund Frægdegjevar* (2003)
* *Troll* (2005)
* *Det Vilde Kor* (2007)

### Singles/ EPs
* *Åsmund Fraægdagjevar* (2001)
* *Nidvisa* (2005)

## Fremmit Airtins
*Offeecial Wabstaid, wi monie sound an video clips 
*Promo video fer ''Om Hundrede Aar Er Alting Glemt''
Bilfawst

**Belfast** (frae the Airisch Gaelick *Béal Feirste*, meanin 'saundy fuird at tha fit o tha river'; kent as **Bilfawst** or **Bilfaust** in Ulstèr-Scotch) is the caipital citie o Norlin Airlan (Lallans *Northren Ireland*). It's tha mucklest urban aurie in Norlin Airlann an tha Stewartrie o Ulstèr an the seicont-mucklest citie on the islann o Airlan.

## References
Coontie Doun

**Coontie Doun** (*Contae an Dúin* in Erse - meanin *Coonty o the Fort*) is ane o the nine coonties that maks up Ulster an ane o the sax coonties that maks up Northren Ireland. The coontie forms an area o 2,448&nbsp;km² (945 square mile). It lees in the Stewartry o Ulster. The coontie toun is Dounpatrick an the lairgest toun is Bangor. Coonties isna admeenistrative units o govrenment in Northren Ireland - see Local government in Northren Ireland for details o the 26 local govrenment destricts.

## References
Coontie Londonderry

**Coontie Londonderry** (Ulstèr-Scotch) or **Coonty Derry** (Erse: *Contae Dhoire*) is ane o the sax coonties o Northren Ireland in the Stewartry o Ulster in Ireland. It wis named efter its main toun&nbsp;– an later ceety an admeenistrative centre&nbsp;– Lunnonderry (Derry), that lees in the nor-wastren neuk o the coonty.
Cumbria

**Cumbria** (), is a shire coonty in the North Wast o Ingland. Cumbria cam intae existence as a coonty in 1974 efter the passage o the Local Government Act 1972. The coonty conseests o sax destricts, an haes a tot population o 498,800.
Coontie Dunnygal

**Coontie Dunnygal** (, Erse: *Contae Dhún na nGall* or *Contae Thír Chonaill*) is Ireland's northmaist coonty. It ligs in the wast o the Stewartrie o Ulster in the nor'-wast o the iland. It is ane o thrie coonties in the Stewartrie o Ulster that *isna* pairt o Northren Ireland. Maugre o it bein the maist northren coonty in aw Ireland, an maugre its gey strang Ulster identitie, the coonty is pairt o the Republic o Ireland. Coonty Dunnygal is the mukkilest coonty in Ulster. 

The coonty wis named eftir the toun o Dunnygal, whilk cums frae the Erse, meinin "the stranghaud o the ootlanders (Vikings)". The toun wis the auld stranghauld o the O'Donnell clan anaw. Whan first shapit, it wis whyls cried **Coonty Tyrconnel** or **Tirconnel** (Erse: *Tír Chonaill*) eftir baith the auld Tír Chonaill kingrik an the Tyrconnel yerldom that follaed it. Houaniver, cryin the hail coonty Tír Conaill is teknicalie wrang as the Inishowen hauf-iland (Erse: *Inis Eoghain*) is historicalie sindrie frae Tír Chonaill.

## Folk
*Enya
*Moya Brennan
*Daniel O'Donnell

## References
Anglic leids

**Anglic** (frae Laitin *Anglicus* meanin *Inglis*, cf. Germanic) is a term for whit is kent as *Inglishes*, in for ensaumple *Warld Inglishes* or *[[New Inglishes]]*, an is conseedered a less Anglo-centric kiver term than *[[Inglis leid|Inglis]]* for ony variety descendit frae Auld Inglis.

It is aften uised whaur the implication is that varieties like Scots is ither langages, raither nor dialects o Inglis.

## See forby

*Scots leid
*Inglis leid
*Anglo-Frisie leids
Leid faimly

A **faimily o leids** is a group o leids that's sib bi strynd frae a common forebeir. The aulder leid is cryed the *proto-leid* o the faimily.
Banner o Ingland

The **Banner o Ingland** is the St George's Cross. The reid ruid kythed as an emblem o Ingland durin the Middle Ages an the Crusades an is ane o the earliest kent emblems representin Ingland. It won status as the naitional banner o Ingland durin the 16t century.

Saunt George becam the patron saunt o Ingland in the 13t century, an the legend o Saunt George slauchterin a draigon dates frae the 12t century.
Ryal coat o airms o Ingland

The **Ryal Coat o Airms o Ingland** wis the offeecial coat o airms o the Monarchs o Ingland, an wis uised as the offeecial coat o airms o the Kinrick o Ingland till the Union o the Crouns in 1603. Sin syne the airms becam an integral pairt o the Ryal coat o airms o the Unitit Kinrick. The spreid o the Breetish Empire haes led tae the airms bein incorporatit in sindry ither coats o airms o the Unitit Kinrick's umwhile colonies.
Dieu et mon droit

**Dieu et mon droit** haes for ordinar been uised as the ensenyie o the Breetish monarch sin it wis adoptit bi the Inglish keeng Henry V (1413-1422). This French sentence means *God an ma richt*.

Oreeginally it wis spelt **Dieut et mon droict**, the early Modren French spellin, but later the 't' in "Dieut" an the 'c' in "droict" wis taen oot in accordance wi praisent French orthography. Tae this day, this esenyie is emblazont on the Ryal coat o airms o the Unitit Kinrick.

## Notes
Week

A **week** or **sennicht** is a unit o time langer nor a day an shorter nor a month. In maist modren societies the week is a period o sieven days.

## Days o the week

* Sunday
* Monanday
* Tysday
* Wadensday
* Fuirsday
* Fryday
* Setturday

## See forby

* Day
* Month
* Year
* Decade
* Century
* Millennium
Mammal

**Mammals** are craiturs that gies milk tae thair affspring. A mammal haes wairm bluid an a rig-bane. Cats, mice an sicna mammals bides on laund an selchs an whauls an sicna mammals bide in the sea.

Awmaist aw mammals gie birth tae leevin young. Thare are anerly twa mammals that lay eggs, cried **[[Monotreme]]s**, the Deuk-nebbed Platypus *Ornithorhynchus*, an the Spiny Anteater *[[Echidna]]*, wi fower speshies. Aw are confined tae Australie an New Guinea, an are the sole survivors o earlier kynds o mammal.

Ither mammals are sindert intae the **[[Marsupial]]s** an the 
**[[Eutheria]]**, the placental mammals. Marsupials are mammals wi pootches for tae cairy young in, lik the kangaroo. Aw ither mammals are Eutheria.
Rose

A **rose** is a genus o flouers. Thay are for ordinar reid, white or pink. It haes thorns on its stock. Roses is aften gien a body as a seembol o lue. Thay are members o the faimily *[[Rosaceae]]*.

## Seembolism
Different coloured roses haes different meanins.

* Reid - Loue
* Pink - grace, douce loue
* Daurk pink - graitituid
* Licht pink - seempathy or respect
* White - innocence, secrecy, or freendship
* Yellae - Happiness, freendship. In German-speakin kintrass yellae can mean jealousy.
* Yellae wi reid tips - fawin in loue
* Oranger - ire
* Burgundy - brawness
* Green - caum
* Blue - meestery
* Black - daith, or rebirth efter daith
* Purpie - pertection
Saunt George

**Saunt George** (c. 275/280 – 23 Apryle, 303) is the patron saunt o Ingland.

Saunt George's Day (Ingland's Naitional Day an aw) is on the 23t Aprile, awtho this isna a haliday in the Unitit Kinrick.
Edward I o Ingland

**King Edward I** (17 Juin, 1239 - 7 Julie, 1307) forby cawed **Langshanks** or **Haimer o the Scots** (Laitin: *Scotorum Malleus*) wis the king o Ingland frae 1272 til 1307. He vankisht Llywelyn ap Gruffydd, Prince o Wales an begoud Inglish rule thereawa. His airmy focht Sir William Wallace at the Battle o Stirlin Brig (whaur thay wis defeatit) an the Battle o Fawkirk (whaur thay won). He couldna reagin his pouer in Scotland an efter his daith, his son wis flemit oot o Scotland by Robert the Bruce.

He cam tae pouer efter fechtin a ceevil war agin Simon de Montford wi his faither Henry III at the young age o 19 an efter gaun on the Aicht Crusade.
Athelstan

**Athelstan** or ***Æþelstān*** (*c*. 895 – 27 October, 939), cried **the Glorious**, wis the Keeng o Ingland frae 924/925 tae 939. He wis the son o King Edward the Elder, an nevoy o Ethelfleda (*Æthelflæd*) o Mercia. Æthelstan's success in securin the submission o Constantine II, Keeng o Scots, in 927 throu tae the Battle o Brunanburh in 937 led tae his claimin the teetle "Keeng o aw Breetain". His ring is aften owerleuked, wi a hantle focus gang tae Alfred the Great afore him, an Edmund efter. Houaniver, his ring wis o fundamental importance tae political developments in the 10t century.

## References
Breetany

**Breetany** (Breton: *Breizh*, ; French: *Bretagne*; Gallo: *Bertaèyn*) is an umwhile independent kinrick an duchy, an a province o Fraunce. It is for ordinar uissed tae mean the cultural area that's leemits correspond tae the auld province an independent duchy. Breetany is ane o the sax Celtic nations. It wis at ane time cried "Lesser Breetain".
Brythonic leids

The **Brythonic leids** (kent as the *Brittonic leids* or *Breetish leids* forby) form ane o the twa brainches o the Insular Celtic faimily o leids, the ither being Goidelic. The name *Brythonic* wis derived by Sir John Rhys frae the Welsh wird *[[Brython]]*, meanin an indigenous Briton as contrair tae an Anglo-Saxon or Gael. The name *Brittonic* comes ultimately frae the name *Prettanic* recorded by Greek authors for the Breetish Isles. Some authors reser the term *Brittonic* for the modified later Brythonic leids efter aboot the year 600.

Thae leids hae been spoken in the Breetish Isles (includin the Isle o Mann) sin at laist the Airn Age till the day, oreeginally as the majority leids but nou as minority anes in Wales an Cornwall. In Ireland, the Isle o Mann an Scotland the Brythonic leids hae been replaced by Goedelic anes. By emigration there are communities o Brythonic leid speakers in Brittany, an Patagonia an aw.

## Classification
The faimily tree o the Brythonic leids is as follaes:

* Common Brythonic
** Pechtish (likely)
** Ivernic (mebbe)
** Pre-Manx (mebbe)
** Breetish, 
*** Early Breetish ancestral tae:
*** Romano-Breetish
*** Eastren Brythonic
*** Wastren Brythonic, ancestral tae:
**** Cumbric
**** Welsh
*** Soothwastren Brythonic, ancestral tae:
**** Breton
**** Cornish
Banner o Wales

The naitional banner o Wales is **The Reid Draigon** (Welsh: Y Ddraig Goch), conseestin o a reid draigon, passant, on a green an white field. As wi ony heraldic chairge, the pyntit representation o the draigon isna staundartised an mony interpretations exeests.
Coat o airms o Wales

The **Coat o Airms o the Stewartry o Wales** is a coat o airms uised by the Prince o Wales. Unalike the ryal coat o airms o Ingland an ryal coat o airms o Scotland in thair respective kintras, in the bygane it haesna been uised gey an aft as a naitional seembol in Wales. 

It is foondit on the airms borne by Llywelyn the Great, the weel-kent 13t century Welsh prince.
Cairdiff

**Cairdiff** (Inglis: *Cardiff*, Welsh: *Caerdydd*) is the caipital an maist muckle city o Wales, an the kintra's commercial centre. The population o Cairdiff is .  The city o Cairdiff is the coonty toun o the historic coonty o Glamorgan (an later Sooth Glamorgan). Cairdiff is pairt o the Euroceeties netwark o the maistmuckle European cities. Cairdiff Urban Area kivers a bittie mair grund, includin Dinas Powys, Penarth an Radyr.

Cairdiff is the hame o the Naitional Assembly for Wales in Cairdiff Bay an muckle o the media in Wales. Doctor Who an Torchwood alang wi ither telly series is filmed maistly athin the City an Coonty o Cairdiff. It haes the biggest media sector in the UK ootwi Lunnon, bein hame tae a nummer o telly studios an radio stations.

## References
First Meenister o Wales

The **First Meenister** (, ) is the leader o the Welsh Assembly Govrenment, Wales' devolved admeenistration, that wis staiblished in 1999. Whan firstlins setten up unner the Govrenment o Wales Act 1998, the teetle wis kent as *First Secretary* (in Welsh, *Prif Ysgrifennydd*), as Wales wis gien a less pouerfu assembly an executive nor Northren Ireland an Scotland.
Rhodri Morgan

**Hywel Rhodri Morgan** AM (born 29 September 1939; died 17 Mey 2017) wis a Welsh politeecian; the Labour Naitional Assembly for Wales Member for the constituency o Cairdiff Wast; an the seicont First Meenister o Wales.
Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau

**"Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau"** (pronounced: [heːn ˈwlaːd vəˈn̥adaɨ], for ordinar pitten ower as "Laund o Ma Faithers", but leeterally *auld kintra o ma faithers*) is, by tradeetion, the naitional anthem o Wales. The wirds wis written by Evan James an the tuin componed by his son, James James, baith residenters o Pontypridd, Glamorgan, in Januar 1856. The earliest written copy survives an is pairt o the collections o the Naitional Librar o Wales.
Leek

The **leek** , *Allium ampeloprasum* var. *porrum* (L.), whiles kent as *Allium porrum*, is a vegetable that belangs, alang wi the ingan an garlic, tae the *[[Alliaceae]]* faimily. Twa sib vegetables, the elephant garlic an kurrat, is variant subspecies o Allium ampeloprasum an aw, awtho different in thair uisses as fuid.