open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
9 Februar

The **9t o Februar** is the 40t day o the year in the Gregorian Calendar, wi 325 days ti come (326 in lowp years).

## Events

* 1825 - John Quincy Adams is confirmed as Preses o the Unitit States.
* 1849 - The New Roman Republic is creatit.
* 1920 - The Svalbard Treaty is signed - Norawa keeps sovereignty ower the Airctic Archipelago.
* 1964 - End o the 1964 Winter Olympic Gemmes in Innsbruck, Austrick.
* 1964 - The Beatles appear on the Ed Sullivan Show durin their tour o the Unitit States.
* 1971 - 28 fowk are kilt in the Aitring train accident in Bavarie.
* 1971 - The San Fernando Valley in Californie is hit bi a yirdquauk, killin 65 fowk. 
* 1971 - Apollo 14 returns tae the Yird frae the Muin.
* 1986 - Halley's Comet passes the inner Solar Seestem.
* 1991 - Voters in Lithuanie support the kintra's unthirldom frae the Soviet Union in a referendum.
* 1996 - Chemical element Copernicium is discovered.
* 2000 - Rhodri Morgan becomes First Meenister o Wales.
* 2014 - Voters in Swisserland, bi a small majority, support a limit tae immigration frae the European Union.
* 2016 - A train collision near Bad Aibling, Bavarie, Germany, kills 12 fowk.
* 2018 - The openin ceremony o the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, Sooth Korea, taks place. The twa Korean teams mairch intae the stadium thegither.
* 2020 - Storm Ciara hits the Unitit Kinrick.
* 2020 - 92nt Academy Awairds: Sooth Korean film Parasite, directit bi Bong Joon-ho, wins the maist awairds.
* 2021 - The Unitit Arab Emirates' "Hope" spacecraft enters intae orbit aroond Maurs.

## Births

* 1060 - Pape Honorius II (d. 1130)
* 1737 - Thomas Paine, Inglis-American writer, philosopher an statesman (d. 1809)
* 1773 - William Henry Harrison, 9nt Preses o the Unitit States (d. 1841)
* 1830 - Abdülaziz o the Ottoman Empire (d. 1876)
* 1897 - James Stuart, 1st Viscoont Stuart o Findhorn, Scots politeecian (d. 1971)
* 1926 - Garret FitzGerald, Erse Taoiseach (d. 2011)
* 1932 - Gerhard Richter, German airtist
* 1940 - J. M. Coetzee, Sooth Africae writer
* 1943 - Joe Pesci, American actor
* 1944 - Alice Walker, American writer an activist
* 1945 - Mia Farrow, American actress
* 1945 - Yoshinori Ohsumi, Japanese cell biologist
* 1946 - Jim Webb, American politeecian
* 1948 - David Hayman, Scots actor
* 1949 - Judith Light, American actress 
* 1957 - Gordon Strachan, Scots fitbawer an manager
* 1958 - Sandy Lyle, Scots gowfer
* 1959 - Filipe Nyusi, Preses o Mozambique
* 1959 - Ali Bongo Ondimba, Preses o Gabon
* 1960 - Peggy Whitson, American astronaut
* 1966 - Kool Shen (Bruno Lopes), Portuguese-born French rapper an record producer (Suprême NTM)
* 1968 - Alejandra Guzman, Mexican sangster an actress
* 1979 - Zhang Ziyi, Cheenese actress
* 1981 - Tom Hiddleston, Inglis actor
* 1984 - Han Geng, Cheenese actor an sangster
* 1987 - Rose Leslie, Scots actress
* 2001 - Erraid Davies, Scots soummer

## Daiths
* 1670 - Frederick III o Denmark (b. 1609)
* 1881 - Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Roushie writer (b. 1821)
* 1984 - Yuri Andropov, Soviet leader (b. 1914)
* 2002 - Princess Margaret, Coontess o Snowdon (b. 1930)

## Halidays
* St. Maroun's Day (Lebanon)
8 Februar

The **8t o Februar** is the 39t day o the year in the Gregorian Calendar, wi 326 days ti come (327 in lowp years).

## Events

* 1587 - Execution o Mary, Queen o Scots.
* 1625 - Daith o Peter the Great.
* 1853 - The Oregon Territory, in the current Northwastren Unitit States, is split up. 
* 1937 - Spaingie Ceevil War: Spaingie naitionalist an German forces stairt the Massacre o Malaga, killin 10,000 fowk.
* 1942 - Warld War II: Japan invades Singapore.
* 1948 - The 1948 Winter Olympic Gemmes in Sankt Moritz, Swisserland, end.
* 1950 - The Stasi is creatit in East Germany.
* 1952 - Elizabeth II is proclaimed Queen o the Unitit Kinrick an Commonweel realms.
* 1969 - The "Allende Meteorite" breaks up an comes doon ower Chihuahua, Mexico. 
* 1992 - The 1992 Winter Olympic Gemmes in Albertville, Fraunce, stairt.
* 2002 - The 2002 Winter Olympic Gemmes in Salt Lake Ceety, Utah, stairt.
* 2010 - A freak storm in Afghanistan's Hindu Kush kills at least 172 fowk.
* 2014 - Rugby union: Scotland fail tae score in their Six Nations match against Ingland at Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh, losin 20-0.
* 2020 - 30 fowk are kilt bi in mass shuitins in Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand.
* 2020 - The Republic o Ireland haulds elections; Sinn Féin maks major gains as the amjor pairties lose groond.

## Births

* 1405 - Constantine XI Palaiologos, Byzantine Emperor (d. 1453)
* 1700 - Daniel Bernoulli, Swiss mathemateecian an pheesicist (d. 1782)
* 1819 - John Ruskin, Inglis writer an critic (d. 1900)
* 1820 - William Tecumseh Sherman, American general (d. 1891)
* 1828 - Jules Verne, French writer (d. 1905)
* 1834 - Dmitri Mendeleev, Roushie chemist (d. 1907)
* 1878 - Martin Buber, Austrick academic (d. 1965)
* 1925 - Jack Lemmon, American actor (d. 2001)
* 1931 - James Dean, American actor (d. 1955)
* 1932 - John Williams, American componer an conductor
* 1941 - Nick Nolte, American actor
* 1944 - Roger Lloyd-Pack, Inglis actor (d. 2014)
* 1953 - Mary Steenburgen, American actress
* 1955 - John Grisham, American writer
* 1958 - Marina Silva, Brazilian politeecian
* 1959 - Mauricio Macri, umwhile Preses o Argentinae
* 1960 - Benigno Aquino III, umwhile Preses o the Philippines
* 1966 - Hristo Stoichkov, Bulgarian fitbawer
* 1968 - Gary Coleman, American actor (d. 2010)
* 1974 - Seth Green, American actor
* 1980 - Ralf Little, Inglis actor
* 1987 - Carolina Kostner, Italian figur skater

## Daiths
* 1587 - Mary, Queen o Scots (b. 1542)
* 1640 - Murad IV, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1612)
* 1676 - Alexis o Roushie (b. 1629)
* 1696 - Ivan V o Roushie (b. 1666)
* 1725 - Peter the Great, Tsar o Roushie (b. 1672)
* 1894 - R. M. Ballantyne, Scots author (b. 1825)
* 1957 - John von Neumann, Hungarian-American mathemateecian an pheesicist (b. 1903)
* 1957 - Walther Bothe, German pheesicist (b. 1891)
* 1998 - Halldór Laxness, Icelandic writer (b. 1902)
* 1998 - Enoch Powell, Breetish politeecian (b. 1912)
* 1999 - Iris Murdoch, Erse-Breetish writer (b. 1919)
* 2007 - Anna Nicole Smith, American model an actress (b. 1967)
* 2014 - Maicon Pereira de Oliveira, Brazilian fitbawer (b. 1988)

## Halidays
* Propose Day (Indie)
7 Februar

The **7t o Februar** is the 38t day o the year in the Gregorian Calendar, wi 327 days ti come (328 in lowp years).

## Events

* 1301 - The future King Edward II o Ingland becomes the first Inglis Prince o Wales.
* 1812 - New Madrid, Missouri, is hit bi a magnitude 8 yirdquauk.
* 1863 - Australie flagship "HMS Orpheus" sinks aff New Zealand, killin 189 oot o 259 fowk on baird.
* 1904 - The Great Fire o Baltimore, Maryland, destroys 1,500 biggins.
* 1935 - The baird gemme Monopoly is inventit.
* 1962 - The Unitit States bans aw Cuban imports an exports.
* 1971 - A referendum conductit amang men approves the richt o weemen tae vote in maist o Swisserland.
* 1974 - Grenada gains unthirldom frae the Unitit Kinrick.
* 1979 - Pluto moves intae the orbit o Neptune.
* 1984 - Bruce McCandless II performs the first untethered spacewalk.
* 1986 - End o the rule o Jean-Claude Duvalier in Haiti.
* 1992 - The Maastricht Treaty is signed, creatin the European Union. 
* 1998 - The 1998 Winter Olympic Gemmes in Nagano, Japan, begin.
* 1999 - Abdullah II o Jordan becomes King.
* 1999 - The NASA space probe Stardust is launched.
* 2009 - Bush fires in Victoria, Australie, kill 173 fowk.
* 2014 - The 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, soothren Roushie, begin.
* 2021 - A landslide causes a fluid in Uttarakhand, Indie, killin at least 36 fowk an leavin 170 missin.

## Births

* 1102 - Empress Matilda, claimant tae the Inglis throne (d. 1167)
* 1478 - Sir Thomas More, Inglis statesman an humanist (d. 1535)
* 1693 - Anna o Roushie (d. 1740)
* 1812 - Charles Dickens, Inglis writer (d. 1870)
* 1867 - Laura Ingalls Wilder, American writer (d. 1957)
* 1870 - Alfred Adler, Austrick medicinar an psychotherapist (d. 1937)
* 1885 - Sinclair Lewis, American writer (d. 1951)
* 1906 - Puyi, last Emperor o Cheenae (d. 1967)
* 1934 − Rory O'Hanlon, politeecian in the Republic o Ireland
* 1940 - Toshihide Maskawa, Japanese theoretical pheesicist
* 1946 - Pete Postlethwaite, Inglis actor (d. 2011)
* 1960 - James Spader, American actor
* 1962 - Eddie Izzard, Inglis actor, comedian an writer
* 1965 - Chris Rock, American comedian an actor
* 1978 - Ashton Kutcher, American actor
* 1978 - Daniel Van Buyten, Belgian fitbawer
* 1979 - Tawakkol Karman, Yemeni activist

## Daiths
* 1799 - Qianlong Emperor o Cheenae (b. 1711)
* 1837 - Gustav IV Adolf o Swaden (b. 1778)
* 1878 - Pape Pius IX (b. 1792)
* 1916 - Archibald Hay, 13t Yerl o Kinnoull, Scots peer an sodger (b. 1855)
* 1935 - Lewis Grassic Gibbon, Scots writer (b. 1901)
* 1937 - Elihu Root, American politeecian (b. 1845)
* 1979 - Josef Mengele, Nazi war creeminal (b. 1911)
* 1999 - King Hussein o Jordan (b. 1935)
* 2019 - Albert Finney, Inglis actor (b. 1936)

## Halidays

* Naitional Day o Grenada
4 Februar

The **4t o Februar** is the 35t day o the year in the Gregorian Calendar, wi 330 days ti come (331 in lowp years).

## Events

* 1789 - George Washington is electit Preses o the Unitit States bi the Electoral College.
* 1797 - A yirdquauk in Riobamba, Ecuador, kills 40,000 fowk.
* 1899 - Stairt o the Philippine-American War.
* 1932 - The 1932 Winter Olympic Gemmes, held in Lake Placid, New York, stairt.
* 1945 - Warld War II: Yalta Conference - Winston Churchill, Franklin Delano Roosevelt an Joseph Stalin meet in Yalta, Crimea.
* 1948 - Sri Lanka (then-Ceylon) gains unthirldom frae the Unitit Kinrick.
* 1975 - A magnitude 7 yirdquauk in Cheenae kills 10,000 fowk.
* 1976 - A yirdquauk in Guatemala an Honduras kills 22,000 fowk.
* 1998 - A yirdquauk in Afghanistan an Tajikistan kills 5,000 fowk.
* 2004 - Facebook is foondit bi Mark Zuckerberg.
* 2014 - The Scots Pairlament votes in favour o the introduction o same-sex mairage in Scotland.

## Births

* 1739 - John Robison, Scots pheesicist (d. 1805)
* 1850 - Thomas Lomar Gray, Scots ingineer (d. 1908)
* 1871 - Friedrich Ebert, Preses o Germany (d. 1925)
* 1897 - Ludwig Erhard, Chancellor o Germany (d. 1977)
* 1902 - Charles Lindbergh, American pilot (d. 1974)
* 1906 - Dietrich Bonhoeffer, German theologian (d. 1945)
* 1906 - Clyde Tombaugh, American astronomer (d. 1997)
* 1913 - Rosa Parks, American activist (d. 2005)
* 1921 - Betty Friedan, American feminist activist (d. 2006)
* 1923 - Conrad Bain, Canadian-American actor (d. 2013)
* 1933 - Jimmy Murray, Scots fitbawer (d. 2015)
* 1943 - Ken Thompson, American computer scientist
* 1947 - John Campbell Brown, Scots astronomer (d. 2019)
* 1947 - Dan Quayle, 44t Vice Preses o the Unitit States
* 1948 - Ram Baran Yadav, 1st Preses o Nepal
* 1948 - Alice Cooper, American muisicker
* 1952 - Jenny Shipley, 36t Prime meenister o New Zealand
* 1953 - Jerome Powell, 16t Chair o the US Federal Reserve
* 1954 - Andrei Karlov, Roushie diplomat (d. 2016)
* 1962 - John Gordon Sinclair, Scots actor
* 1962 - Stephen Hammond, Inglis politeecian
* 1971 - Eric Garcetti, Mayor o Los Angeles
* 1975 - Natalie Imbruglia, Australian sangster
* 1982 - Kimberly Wyatt, American sangster
* 1987 - Lucie Safarova, Czech tennis player

## Daiths
* 211 - Septimius Severus, Roman Emperor
* 1746 - Robert Blair, Scots poet (b. 1699)
* 1815 - John Ferriar, Scots medicinar an poet (b. 1761)
* 1894 - Adolphe Sax, Belgian inventor o the saxophone (b. 1814)
* 1928 - Hendrik Lorentz, Dutch pheesicist (b. 1853)
* 1974 - Satyendra Nath Bose, Indie pheesicist an mathemateecian (b. 1894)
* 1983 - Karen Carpenter, American sangster (b. 1950)
* 1987 - Liberace, American sangster-sangwriter, pianist an entertainer (b. 1919)
* 2006 - Betty Friedan, American feminist activist (b. 1921)
* 2016 - Edgar Mitchell, American astronaut (b. 1930)
* 2020 - Daniel arap Moi, 2nt Preses o Kenyae (b. 1924)

## Halidays

* Independence Day (Sri Lanka)
* Warld Cancer Day
29 Januar

The **29t o Januar** is the 29t day o the year in the Gregorian Calendar, wi 336 days ti come (337 in lowp years).

## Events

* 1676 - Feodor III o Roushie becomes Tsar.
* 1819 - Singapore is foondit.
* 1820 - George IV o the Unitit Kinrick becomes Keeng.
* 1845 - Edgar Allan Poe's poem "The Raven" is published.
* 1861 - Kansas becomes the 34t State o the Unitit States.
* 1886 - Karl Benz patents the petrol-driven automobile.
* 1891 - Liliuokalani is proclaimed Queen o Hawaii.
* 1908 - Frederick VIII o Denmark becomes King.
* 1916 - German zeppelins bomb Paris.
* 1940 - Three trains collide on the Sakurajima Line in Osaka, killin 181 fowk.
* 1942 - The Peruvian-Ecuadorian War ends. Ecuador loses nearly half o its territory tae Peru.
* 1964 - The Winter Olympic Gemmes in Innsbruck, Austrick, begin.
* 1986 - Yoweri Museveni becomes Preses o Uganda.
* 1989 - Hungary staiblishes diplomatic relations wi Sooth Korea. 
* 1996 - The La Fenice Opera Hoose in Venice burns doon.
* 1996 - French Preses Jacques Chirac decides tae end French nuclear testin.
* 2002 - US Preses George W. Bush uses the phrase "Axis o Evil" tae describe Iran, Iraq an North Korea.

## Births

* 1688 - Emanuel Swedenborg, Swadish scientist, philosopher, theologian an meestic (d. 1773)
* 1749 - Christian VII o Denmark (d. 1808)
* 1843 - William McKinley, 25t Preses o the Unitit States (d. 1901)
* 1847 - John Ramsay, 13t Yerl o Dawhoosie, Scots naval commander an politeecian (d. 1887)
* 1849 - David Murray, Scots penter (d. 1933)
* 1860 - Anton Chekhov, Roushie playwricht (d. 1904)
* 1866 - Romain Rolland, French writer (d. 1944)
* 1887 - Wellington Koo, Cheenese diplomat (d. 1985)
* 1918 - John Forsythe, American actor (d. 2010)
* 1924 - Bobby Combe, Scots fitbawer (d. 1991)
* 1926 - Abdus Salam, Pakistani theoretical pheesicist (d. 1996)
* 1939 - Germaine Greer, Australian writer an feminist
* 1943 - Tony Blackburn, Inglis DJ an presenter
* 1944 - Yoweri Museveni, Preses o Uganda
* 1945 - Tom Selleck, American actor
* 1947 - Linda B. Buck, American biologist
* 1948 - David Hay, Scots fitbawer an manager
* 1953 − Richard Younger-Ross, Inglis politeecian
* 1954 - Oprah Winfrey, American telly presenter an businesswoman
* 1962 - Olga Tokarczuk, Pols writer
* 1966 - Romário, Brazilian fitbawer
* 1970 - Paul Ryan, American politeecian 
* 1982 - Adam Lambert, American sangster
* 1985 - Rag'n'Bone Man, Inglis sangster an sangwriter

## Daiths
* 1820 - King George III o the Unitit Kinrick (b. 1738)
* 1874 - John Christian Schetky, Scots marine penter (b. 1778)
* 1888 - Edward Lear, Inglis author, poet an illustrator (b. 1812)
* 1899 - Alfred Sisley, Inglis-French penter (b. 1839)
* 1906 - Christian IX o Denmark (b. 1818)
* 1934 - Fritz Haber, German chemist (b. 1868)
* 1951 - James Bridie, Scots playwricht, screenwriter an surgeon (b. 1888)
* 1963 - Robert Frost, American poet (b. 1874)
* 2012 - Oscar Luigi Scalfaro, 9nt Preses o Italy (b. 1918)
* 2015 - Rod McKuen, American poet (b. 1933)

## Halidays
* Statehood Day (Kansas)
3 Februar

The **3rd o Februar** is the 34t day o the year in the Gregorian Calendar, wi 331 days ti come (332 in lowp years).

## Events

* 1488 - Portuguese seafarer Bartolomeu Dias lands at Mossel Bay, Sooth Africae.
* 1830 - The Lunnon Protocol establishes the full unthirldom o Greece.
* 1917 - Warld War I: The Unitit States breaks diplomatic relations wi Germany.
* 1931 - A magnitude 7.8 yirdquauk hits the Hawke's Bay area o New Zealand, killin 256 fowk.
* 1959 - "Day the Music Died" plane crash in Iowa kills 3 muisickers, incluidin Buddy Holly.
* 1960 - Breetish Prime meenister Harold Macmillan speaks o "Winds o Change" in Africae.
* 1972 - Stairt o a 7-day blizzard in Iran, killin 4,000 fowk.
* 1972 - Stairt o the 1972 Winter Olympic Gemmes in Sapporo, Japan.
* 1976 - The caipital ceety o Mozambique chynges its name frae Lourenco Marques tae Maputo.
* 1989 - Overthrow o Alfredo Stroessner in Paraguay.
* 1998 - Cavalese Cable Car disaster: A low-flyin Unitit States militar plane cuts through a cable o a Cable Car line in northren Italy, killin 20 fowk.
* 2006 - A Egyptian ferry sinks in the Red Sea, killin 1,414 fowk.
* 2007 - A mercat bombin in Baghdad, Iraq, kills 135 fowk.
* 2015 - Sergio Mattarella becomes Preses o Italy.
* 2018 - Angus Robertson propales his demission as Deputy leader o the Scots Naitional Pairty.
* 2020 - COVID-19 pandemic: Belgium records its first COVID-19 case.
* 2021 - Canadae becomes the first kintra tae designate the far-richt Proud Boys as a terrorist group.

## Births
* 1338 - Jeanne de Bourbon, Queen Consort o Fraunce (d. 1378)
* 1830 - Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, Prime Meenister o the Unitit Kinrick (d. 1903)
* 1953 − Steve Maharey, New Zealand politeecian
* 1960 - Joachim Löw, German fitbaa manager
* 1978 - Joan Capdevila, Spainyie fitbawer

## Daiths
* 1468 − Johann Gutenberg, German inventor (b. 1398)
* 1924 - Woodrow Wilson, 28t Preses o the Unitit States (b. 1856)
* 1959 - Buddy Holly, American sangster (b. 1936)
* 2005 - Ernst Mayr, German-born American evolutionary biologist (b. 1904)
* 2014 - Joan Mondale, Seicont Lady o the Unitit States (b. 1930)
* 2014 - Bill Sinkin, American activist (b. 1913)
* 2016 - Joe Alaskey, American actor (b. 1952)

## Halidays
* Heroes' Day (Mozambique)
* Setsubun (Japan)
24 Januar

The **24t o Januar** is the 24t day o the year in the Gregorian Calendar, wi 341 days ti come (342 in lowp years).

## Events

* 41 - Murther o Caligula.
* 1458 - Matthias Corvinus becomes Keeng o Hungary.
* 1848 - Californie Gowd Rush: Discovery o Gowd at Sutter's Mill near Sacramento.
* 1862 - Bucharest becomes caipital ceety o Romanie.
* 1918 - Roushie introduces the Gregorian calendar.
* 1939 - A yirdquauk in Chillán, Chile, kills 28,000 fowk.
* 1966 - An Air India Boeing 707 crashes intae Mont Blanc in the Alps, killin 107 fowk.
* 1972 - Japanese sergeant Shoichi Yokoi is foond hidin in the jungles o Guam.
* 1984 - The first Apple Macintosh computer goes on sale.
* 1986 - The Voyager 2 space probe flies within 81,500 kilometres o Uranus.
* 2009 - Cyclone Klaus hits Fraunce.
* 2011 - A bomb attack at Domodedovo Airport in Moscow kills 35 fowk.
* 2020 - COVID-19 pandemic: Fraunce offeecially records its first COVID-19 case.
* 2021 - COVID-19 pandemic: The nummer o recordit COVID-19 cases in the Unitit States gets tae 25 million.

## Births

* 76 - Hadrian, Roman Emperor (d. 138)
* 1712 - Frederick the Great (d. 1786)
* 1746 - Gustav III o Swaden (d. 1792)
* 1776 - E. T. A. Hoffmann, Proushie writer an componer (d. 1822)
* 1917 - Ernest Borgnine, American actor (d. 2012)
* 1940 - Joachim Gauck, Preses o Germany
* 1941 - Dan Shechtman, Israeli chemist
* 1941 - Neil Diamond, American sangster an sangwriter
* 1943 - Sharon Tate, American actress (d. 1969)
* 1947 - Michio Kaku, American theoretical pheesicist
* 1952 - Raymond Domenech, French fitbaa manager
* 1953 - Moon Jae-in, Preses o Sooth Korea
* 1957 - Adrian Edmondson, Inglis actor an comedian
* 1983 - Shaun Maloney, Scots fitbawer
* 1987 - Luis Suárez, Uruguayan fitbawer
* 1988 - Jade Ewen, Inglis sangster
* 1999 - Jamie Barjonas, Scots fitbawer

## Daiths
* 41 - Caligula, Roman Emperor (b. 12)
* 817 - Pape Stephen IV
* 1965 - Winston Churchill, Prime Meenister o the Unitit Kinrick (b. 1874)
* 1969 - King Saud o Saudi Arabie (b. 1902)
* 1986 - L. Ron Hubbard, foonder o Scientology (b. 1911)
* 1989 - Ted Bundy, American serial killer (b. 1946) 
* 2011 - Bernd Eichinger, German film director (b. 1949)

## Halidays
* Feast day o St Francis de Sales
23 Januar

The **23rd o Januar** is the 23rd day o the year in the Gregorian Calendar, wi 342 days ti come (343 in lowp years).

## Events

* 1556 - A major yirdquauk strikes Shaanxi, Cheenae, killin an estimatit 800,000 fowk.
* 1719 - The Principality o Liechtenstein is creatit.
* 1896 - Wilhelm Röntgen discovers X-rays.
* 1909 - A magnitude 7.3 yirdquauk in Iran kills 5,500 fowk.
* 1950 - The Israeli Knesset declares Jerusalem tae be the caipital ceety.
* 1960 - The Bathyscaphe Trieste, wi Jacques Piccard an Don Ward dives 10,911 metres unner the Paceefic Ocean.
* 1973 - The Eldfell volcanae on the Icelandic island o Heimaey erupts.
* 1973 - Richard Nixon propales peace accord wi Vietnam.
* 1997 - Madeleine Albright becomes the first female Unitit States Secretar o State.
* 2005 - Viktor Yushchenko becomes Preses o Ukraine.
* 2006 - Stephen Harper is electit Prime meenister o Canadae.
* 2012 − Cheenae new year an scheduled new muin.
* 2015 - Salman becomes King o Saudi Arabie.
* 2019 - Juan Guaidó declares hissel tae be Interim Preses o Venezuela.
* 2019 - Umwhile Peruvian Preses Alberto Fujimori is sent back tae gaol.
* 2020 - COVID-19 pandemic: The Cheenese ceety o Wuhan, whaur the ootbrak stairtit, is placit unner lockdoon measures.
* 2020 - COVID-19 pandemic: Nepal, Singapore an Vietnam record their first COVID-19 cases.

## Births

* 1688 - Ulrika Eleonora, Queen o Swaden (d. 1741)
* 1783 - Stendhal, French novelist (d. 1812)
* 1832 - Édouard Manet, French penter (d. 1883)
* 1862 − David Hilbert, German mathemateician (d. 1943)
* 1907 - Hideki Yukawa, Japanese theoretical pheesicist (d. 1981)
* 1920 - Gottfried Böhm, German airchitect
* 1924 - Frank Lautenberg, American politeecian (d. 2013)
* 1930 - Sir Derek Walcott, Saunt Lucian poet (d. 2017)
* 1930 - William R. Pogue, American astronaut (d. 2014)
* 1944 - Rutger Hauer, Dutch actor (d. 2019)
* 1947 - Megawati Sukarnoputri, 4t Preses o Indonesie
* 1949 - Tom Forsyth, Scots fitbawer (d. 2020)
* 1951 - Chesley Sullenberger, American pilot
* 1953 - Pavlo Lazarenko, Ukrainian politeecian
* 1984 - Arjen Robben, Dutch fitbawer
* 1998 - XXXTentacion, American rapper (d. 2018)

## Daiths
* 1744 - Giambattista Vico, Italian philosopher (b. 1668)
* 1944 - Edvard Munch, Norse penter (b. 1863)
* 2002 - Pierre Bourdieu, French sociologist (b. 1930)
* 2011 - Jack LaLanne, American fitness expert (b. 1914)
* 2015 - Abdullah o Saudi Arabie (b. 1924)
* 2015 - Ernie Banks, American basebaw player an coach (b. 1931)
* 2015 - Barrie Ingham, Inglis actor (b. 1932)
* 2018 - Nicanor Parra, Chilean poet (b. 1914)
* 2020 - Robert Archibald, Scots basketbaw player (b. 1980)
* 2021 - Hal Holbrook, American actor (b. 1925)
* 2021 - Larry King, American actor, comedian an telly host (b. 1933)

## Halidays
* Warld Freedom Day (Sooth Korea an Taiwan)
* Bounty Day (Pitcairn Islands)
16 Januar

The **16t o Januar** is the 16t day o the year in the Gregorian Calendar, wi 349 days ti come (350 in lowp years).

## Events

* 1219 - A North Sea fluid kills 36,000 fowk.
* 1362 - A North Sea storm tide destroys the German toun o Rungholt.
* 1547 - Ivan the Terrible becomes Tsar o Roushie.
* 1556 - Philip II o Spain becomes Keeng.
* 1707 - The Scots Pairliament ratifies the Act o Union creatin the Kinrick o Great Breetain.
* 1777 - Vermont declares itself separate frae New York.
* 1862 - The Hartley Colliery Disaster in Northumberland kills 204 miners.
* 1909 - Ernest Shackleton's expedeetion finds the Magnetic Sooth Pole.
* 1920 - The League o Naitions holds its first council meetin in Paris.
* 1945 - Adolf Hitler moves tae the Führerbunker.
* 1979 - The last Shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, flees Iran.
* 2001 - In the Democratic Republic o the Congo, Preses Laurent-Désiré Kabila is assassinatit.
* 2003 - The Space Shuttle Columbia leaves on its final mission. It explodes on re-entry on 1 Februar.
* 2006 - Ellen Johnson Sirleaf becomes Preses o Liberie.
* 2007 - A bomb attack on a varsity in Baghdad kills 65 fowk.
* 2016 - A terrorist attack in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, kills 28 fowk.
* 2017 - Northren Ireland's pouer-sharin govrenment collapses efter a scandal ower a renewable heat initiative. Elections are set for 2 Mairch.
* 2019 - Breetish Prime Meenister Theresa May wins a vote o confidence in her govrenment, bi 325 votes tae 306, a day efter bein heavily defeatit on her Brexit deal.

## Births

* 1821 - John C. Breckinridge, Vice Preses o the Unitit States (d. 1875)
* 1874 - Robert W. Service, Breetish-Canadian poet (d. 1958)
* 1901 - Fulgencio Batista, Preses o Cuba (d. 1973)
* 1902 - Eric Liddell, Scots runner (d. 1945)
* 1923 - Jock Govan, Scots fitbawer (d. 1999)
* 1931 - Johannes Rau, Preses o Germany (d. 2006)
* 1932 - Dian Fossey, American zoologist, primatologist an anthropologist (d. 1985)
* 1933 - Susan Sontag, American writer (d. 2004)
* 1937 - Francis George, American cairdinal (d. 2015)
* 1940 - Franz Müntefering, German politeecian 
* 1948 - John Carpenter, American film director
* 1948 - Gregor Gysi, German politeecian
* 1956 − Mark Burton, New Zealand politeecian
* 1957 − Paul Holmes, Inglis politeecian
* 1979 - Aaliyah, American sangster, dancer, actress an model (d. 2001)
* 1983 - Derek Riordan, Scots fitbawer
* 1984 - Craig Beattie, Scots fitbawer
* 1984 - Stephan Lichtsteiner, Swiss fitbawer
* 1985 - Pablo Zabaleta, Argentine fitbawer
* 1988 - Nicklas Bendtner, Dens fitbawer
* 1989 - Paul Sweeney, Scots politeecian
* 1996 - Bradley Neil, Scots gowfer

## Daiths
* 1595 - Murad III, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1546)
* 1942 - Carole Lombard, American actress an sangster (b. 1908)
* 1957 - Arturo Toscanini, Italian cellist an conductor (b. 1867)
* 1962 - James Wordie, Scots polar splorer an geologist (b. 1889)
* 2001 - Laurent-Désiré Kabila, Congolese Preses (b. 1939)
* 2014 - Russell Johnson, American actor (b. 1924)
* 2017 - Eugene Cernan, American astronaut (b. 1934)

## Halidays
* Naitional Releegious Freedom Day (Unitit States)
* Teacher's Day (Myanmar an Thailand)
8 Januar

The **8t o Januar** is the 8t day o the year in the Gregorian Calendar, wi 357 days ti come (358 in lowp years).

## Events

* 1297 - Monaco gains unthirldom.
* 1697 - Thomas Aikenhead becomes the last body in Scotland tae be executit for blasphemy.
* 1746 - Second Jacobite Uprisin: Charles Edward Stuart occupies Stirlin.
* 1790 - George Washington delivers his first State o the Union address.
* 1815 - Withoot kennin that the Peace o Ghent hae been signed, American troops defeat the Breetish at the Battle o New Orleans, endin the War o 1812.
* 1912 - The African Naitional Congress, current governin pairty o Sooth Africae, is foondit.
* 1916 - US Preses Woodrow Wilson propales his "Fourteen Points" programme for the aftermath o Warld War I.
* 1940 - The Unitit Kinrick introduces food rations.
* 1959 - Charles de Gaulle becomes Preses o Fraunce.
* 1973 - The Soviet Union launches the Luna 21 probe.
* 1989 - The Kegworth Air Disaster in Leicestershire kills 47 fowk.
* 1996 - A plane crash in Kinshasa, in then-Zaire, kills 327 fowk.
* 2010 - Togo's naitional fitbaa team is attackit in Cabinda, Angolae.
* 2011 - Six fowk are kilt in a shuitin in Tucson, Arizona. Congress member Gabrielle Giffords is severely injured.
* 2020 - Ukraine Internaitional Airlines Flicht 752 is shot doon in error shortly efter tak-aff frae Tehran, Iran, at a time o escalatin tensions in the region; 176 fowk are kilt.

## Births

* 1870 - Miguel Primo de Rivera, Spaingie politeecian (d. 1930)
* 1891 - Walther Bothe, German pheesicist (d. 1957)
* 1933 - Mariam Fakhr Eddine, Egyptian actress (d. 2014)
* 1934 - Jacques Anquetil, French cyclist (d. 1987)
* 1935 - Elvis Presley, American sangster an actor (d. 1977)
* 1942 - Stephen Hawking, Inglis pheesicist (d. 2018)
* 1942 - Junichiro Koizumi, umwhile Prime meenister o Japan
* 1947 - David Bowie, Inglis sangster (d. 2016)
* 1967 - R. Kelly, American sangster, rapper an record producer
* 1983 - Kim Jong-un, leader o North Korea
* 1986 - David Silva, Spaingie fitbawer
* 1992 - Kenny McLean, Scots fitbawer
* 1999 - Damiano David, Italian sangster, frontman o Måneskin

## Daiths
* 1107 - Edgar, Keeng o Scots (b. 1084)
* 1198 - Pape Celestine III (b. 1106)
* 1324 - Marco Polo, Italian splorer
* 1337 - Giotto, Italian penter an airchitect (b. 1266)
* 1642 - Galileo Galilei, Italian scientist (b. 1564)
* 1941 - Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell (b. 1857)
* 1976 - Zhou Enlai, Cheenese politeecian (b. 1898)
* 1996 - François Mitterrand, Preses o Fraunce (b. 1916)
* 2002 - Alexander Prokhorov, Soviet-Roushie pheesicist (b. 1916)
* 2015 - Andraé Crouch, American sangster an producer (b. 1942)
* 2017 - Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, Preses o Iran (b. 1934)
* 2020 - Infanta María del Pilar, Duchess o Badajoz (b. 1936)

## Halidays

* Elvis Presley Birthday celebration
* Kim Jong-un's Birthday (North Korea)
* Commonweel Day (Northren Mariana Islands)
Valerian o Abbenza

**Saunt Valerian** (A.D. 377 − 457) wis bishop o Abbenza in North Africae. He wis mairtyrt in 457 whan he refuisit tae gie the blissit vessels o his kirk owre tae the Vandals led bi Arian King Genseric. Valerian wis hurlt oot the ceity an left tae dee fae exposure.

## Veneration
Saunt Valerian's feast day is 15 December.

## References
*
*
Pape Theodore I

**Theodore I** (d. 14 Mey, 649), wis Pape 24 November, 642 - 14 Mey, 649, is conseedert a Greek, but wis born in Palestine. He wis makkit a cardinal deacon, (mebbie aroond 640) an a full cardinal bi Pape John IV.
Saunt Emma

**Saunt Emma** (ca. 975-980 &ndash; 3 December 1038) wis a German noblewumman an Christian saunt endue tae her beneficence. Emma wis jaloused tae be fae strynd o the legendar wild Widukind, an her mither wis a wumman cried Adela. Emma hersel wis kent for bein temperamental an pauchtie,  as veeolent an aw. Emma mairiet the sonsefu Coont Ludger an haed a son cried Imad. Her brither, Meinwerk, wis bishop o Paderborn, an Imad wis later bishop o the same see.

Coont Ludger dee'd aboot 1010, an Emma, nou a chynged sowel, gracied the lave o her life tae ser. She wared her fortuin biggin kirks an monasteries in the See o Bremen. Her guid wirks wis legendar. She is conseedert tae hae dee'd c. 1050. Efter her daith, a cultus developed aboot her, an her graff wis opened for translation o her relics efter she wis canonized. Whan the tomb wis opened, her bodie haed mirled tae smurach cept for her richt haund. That relic wis placed in the abbey o Saunt Ludger at Verden.

Her feast day in the Roman Catholic Kirk is 19 Aprile.
Expeditus

Bi wey o legend **Expeditus** wis a Roman commander in Armenie that becam a Christian an wis beheidit acause o it bi the Eastern Roman Emperor Diocletian in 303 A.D.

He is nae langer conseedert a Catholic saunt acause thare is nost  that he wis fanticed bi group o Paris Nuns.
Nun

A **nun** is the female equeevalent o a monk in the Catholic Kirk. Maist nuns bides in a Nunnery or an Abbey.

## Nuns introdution

In general, whan a wumman enters a convent she first unnergangs an initial period o life-test for a period frae sax month tae a year. Gif she, an the ordair, determine that she micht hae a vocation  tae the life, she receives the uisual-tak o the ordair (uisually wi som modification tae distinguish her frae professit nuns) an unnertaks the novitiate, a period (that lests ane tae twa year) o livin the life o a nun withoot yet takkin hechts. Apon completion o this period she mey tak her initial, temporar hechts. Temporar hechts lest ane tae thrie years, teepically, an will be professed for nae less nor three year an nae mair nor sax.
Finally, she will petition tae mak her "perpetual profession", takkin permanent, solemn vows.
Kylemore Abbey

**Kylemore Abbey** is a abbey for nuns. It is locatit in Ireland, naur the Durchruach Bens, an the strand o Loch Pollacappul. It is open tae the public but ye can anerlie gang intil five o the rooms acause the ithers is mainly for nuns, or buirdin schuil lasses.
Saunt Rose o Lima

**Saunt Rose o Lima**, née **Isabel Flores de Oliva**, (30 Aprile 1586 - 30 August 1617), the first Catholic saunt o The Americaes, wis born in Lima, Peru an is the patroness o Peru, The Americas, the Philippines an the ceety o Sittard. She teuk the name o Rose at her confirmation. She gat Haly Communion daily, an wis conferrt that prattick o St. Dominic at the age o 20. The Catholic Kirk says that monie (halie) ferlies follaed her daith. Aw the places cried Santa Rosa in the New Warld gies mense tae this saunt. Pape Benedict XVI haes a byous devotion for this Saunt.
Pape Pius V

**Saunt Pius V**, né **Antonio Ghislieri**, fae 1518 cried **Michele Ghislieri** (17 Januar, 1504 – 1 Mey, 1572) wis Pape fae 1566 tae 1572 an is a saunt o the Roman Catholic Kirk. Airlie on inrowed intae the Inquiseetion, as Pape he wis a fell pursuer o heretics an Protestants.

## References
Lost, Aiberdeenshire

**Lost** is a wee clachan in Scotland no far fae Aiberdeen, anely 40 mile, in the Cairngorm Muntains o Nor-East Scotland.

## References
Pape Pius X

**Pape Saunt Pius X**, born Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto (2 Juin, 1835 – 20 August, 1914), wis Pape fae 1903 tae 1914, incomin Pape Leo XIII. He wis the frist pape syne the Conter-Reformation Pape St. Pius V tae be canonized. Mauger this, the pontificate o Pape St. Pius X wis ane o the mair controversial o modren papacies. Naetheless, he is conseedert bi mony tae hae been ane o the graetest Pontiffs iver tae ring.

## References
Barnes & Noble

**Barnes & Noble, Inc.** is the lairgest speicialtie mercater in the warld, maistlin endue the opperations o it's Barnes & Noble Beuksellers cheen o beukshaps larachit in the Unitit States. It is kent for muckle, upscale retail ootlats, monie o whilk conteens a cafe serin Starbucks coffee, an for compeetitive discoontin o maistcofft bueks. Maist shaps forbye sell magazines, newspapers, DVDs, graphic novelles, an muisic.

## References
Starbucks

**Starbucks** (NASDAQ: SBUX) is a lairge multinaitional cheen o coffee shaps, maist aft serin snashters, wi a wird, in the Unitit States as an airt for socialisin, in parteecular amang collegianers an youthie urban professionals.

## References
Inca Kola

**Inca Kola** is a gey an sonsie cola saft drink makkit in Peru. It is common in pairts o Sooth Americae, an while it haesna gotten major sonse ithergates, it can be fand in Laitin American speicialty shaps warldwide. The hinnie gust mynds a puckle fowk o bubblegum. Inca Kola is yellae-gowd in lit, an selt in gless an plestic bottles o sindry bouks an a tin o the same lit wi an Inca motif. As o 2005, Inca Kola is selt in supermercats in the Unitit States in 2-litre bottles, tins, an indiveedual bottles.
Borders Group

**Borders Groop** (NYSE: BGP) is an internaitional beukseller foondit in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Borders is a Fortune 500 company, an is (as o 2005) the seicont-lairgest beukshap cheen in the Unitit States (efter Barnes & Noble), sellin a braid walin o beuks, CDs, DVDs, magazines, as weel as myndins an stationar.
Fortune 500

The **Fortune 500** is a rankin o the heid 500 Unitit States treds as meisurt bi gross revenue. Fortune magazine compiles an furthsets the leet annually.

As o 2004 the leet reads:
Walmart

**Wal-Mart Stores, Inc**. NYSE: WMT, foondit bi Sam Walton in 1962, is the maist muckle retailer an the lairgest company in the warld bi revenue. Walmart's UK pairtner is ASDA.
## References
Tesco

**Tesco PLC** is an internaitional supermercat cheen wi its cauf-kintra in the Unitit Kinrick. It is the lairgest Breetish mercater, baith bi global sales an bi the share o it's hame mercat. While oreeginally speicialisin in fuid, it haes muived intil airts sic as claes, beuks, consumer electronics, consumer financial service, internet service an consumer telecomunications.

## References
Tizer

**Tizer** is a reid saft dyoch fae the Unitit Kinrick. The name comes fae the Inglis wird appetizer. It wis lenched in 1924 bi F Pickup. Efter the daith o Fred Pickup it wis aucht the Armour Trust afore bein roupt tae A.G. Barr plc (the makkers o Irn-Bru) for £2.5 million in 1972.
A.G. Barr

**A.G. Barr plc** is a British saft drink makker, maist weel-kent fur makin Irn Bru. It wis foondit in 1875 bi Robert Barr in Fawkirk. In 1887 his son, Robert Fulton Barr, set up a brainch in Glesgae, which haed a muckle population. In 1892 the Glesgae brainch passed tae Andrew Gregg Barr (whaur the name A.G. Barr comes frae), a brither o the foonder. The Fawkirk an Glesgae brainches merged in 1959, an the company wis listit on the Lunnon Stock Exchange in 1965.

## References
Aero (chocolate)

The **Aero** chocolate baur conseests o a chocolate baur stappit fou o blubbers. It wis oreeginally introduced in the North o Ingland in 1935 bi the Rowntree Mackintosh chocolate company, ane o the frist products in a new mercatin-led sales ineetative brocht in bi the company in throu the 1930s. Distreebution tae the lave o the UK begoud in the follaein months.
GlaxoSmithKline

**GlaxoSmithKline** (**GSK**) plc is a pharmaceutical, biologicals an halthcare company. The seicont lairgest pharmaceutical company in the warld, in 2004, the company haed sales o £20.3 billion an makkit a ootcome o £6.1 billion. It fees aboot 100,000 fowk warldwide, includin ower 40,000 in sales an mercatin.
The Selkirk Grace

The **Selkirk Grace** is a prayer said afore eatin that's event tae Robert Burns:

:Some hae meat and canna eat,
:And some wad eat that want it,
:But we hae meat and we can eat,
:Sae let the Lord be Thankit!

On page 173 o *The complete works of Robert Burns* (Gebbie Sel-interpretin edeetion in 6 volumms furthset bi Bigelow, Brown & Co., New York).  The beuk rig is embossed "Library Edition" an the latest copyricht date is 1909 hauden bi James Perkins & Co.

Volume IV haes a fitmerk "Epigram on the Laird of Laggan". The relevant pairt reads:

"In connection with the poet's visit to the seat of the Earl of Selkirk, it is stated by Cunningham, that at one of the meals there, Burns was asked to say Grace, and he delivered what is usually styled 'The Selkirk Grace'":

:Some Folk hae meat that canna eat,
:And some can eat that want it;
:But we hae meat, and we can eat,
:So let the Lord be Thanket!

## References
Gowf Disneyland

**Golf Disneyland** is the lairgest gowf coorse on onie Disney pairk in the warld. Locatit at the Disneyland Resort Paris in Marne-la-Vallée, Fraunce, it is a hailly Disney-themed gowf coorse. Likit bi growen-up veesitors, it haes a section for bairns forby.

## Fremmit Airtins
* Gowf Disneyland offeicial steid
Disneyland Resort Paris

**Disneyland Paris** is a haliday an recreation resort in Marne-la-Vallée, naur Paris, featurin twa Disney theme pairks, *Disneyland Park* an *Walt Disney Studios Park*. It is awned an operatit bi the French company Euro Disney SCA, a public corporation o whilk 39.781% o the stock is hauden bi The Walt Disney Company, 10% is hauden bi the Saudi Prince Alwaleed an ither sharehauders hauds 50.22%.

## Fremmit airtins

* Offeecial wabsteid (gies a chyce atween mony leids)
Disney's Hollywood backlot

**Disney's Hollywood Pictures Backlot** is a pairt o California Adventure daikert  sae as tae kythe like Hollywood gates an pictur studios, wi Hollywood-themed tices . It haes monie shaps an fuid jynts whilk includes *[http://www.disneypix.com/Disneyland/CA/HB/2002/HB-011702-08.htm Schmoozies] *, *[http://www.disneypix.com/Disneyland/CA/HB/2002/HB-011702-05.htm off the page] *, *[http://www.disneypix.com/Disneyland/CA/HB/2002/HB-011702-20.htm Rizzo's Prop Shop] *, *[http://www.disneypix.com/Disneyland/CA/HB/2002/HB-011702-22.htm Gone Hollywood] *, an *[http://www.disneypix.com/Disneyland/CA/HB/2002/HB-011702-04.htm Award Wieners Hot Dog & Sausage Stand] *.
New York Stock Exchynge

The **New York Stock Exchynge** (, *NYSE*) is the lairgest stock excambion in the warld, althou it's tradin bouk wis owregaed bi that o NASDAQ in throu the 1990s. Tot mercat capitalisation o the NYSE is five tymes that o NASDAQ. The NYSE is nou a for-fore ploy syne mellin wi the fully electronic stock excambion Archipelago Exchange in late Aprile 2005. New York Stock Exchange, Inc haes its heid biggin situate at 18 Broad Street, at the neuk o Wall Street, on the sooth side o Wall Street, in New York Ceety, Unitit States.
Matthew Fitt

**Matthew Fitt** is a scriever in the Scots leid. He wis born in Dundee in 1968,an his warks includes *[[But'n'Ben A-Go-Go]]* (a cyberpunk beuk), *Kate O'Shanter's Tale* (a pastiche o Robert Burns' *Tam O'Shanter*, seen frae his wife's pynt o view), an mony warks for bairns in the *Itchy Coo* series. Asides that, he editit the *Smoky Smirr o Rain*, an anthology o Scots poetry fae mony Scots scrievers an aw. 

He wis the "writer in residence" at Greater Pollok in Glesga, an the National Scots Language Development Officer.

Forby thon he's written the lyrics for the Scots entry for Liet Lavlut 2007, "Icker in A Thrave". The tuin wis written bi Simon Thoumire, an performed bi Mairi Campbell (sangin), Kevin Mackenzie (guitar), Clare McLaughlin (fiddle) an Simon Thoumire (concertina).

## Warks
* Fitt, Matthew (1996) *Pure Radge*. Kirkaldy, Akros Publications. ISBN 0-86142-064-0
* Fitt, Matthew (1999) *Sairheid City*. Angus, Kettillonia Press. ISBN 1-902944-01-1
* Fitt, Matthew (2002) *Gaberlunzie Joe (Itchy Coo Series)*. Edinburgh, Black and White Publishing. ISBN 1-902927-57-5
* Fitt, Matthew; Robertson, James (2003) *The Smoky Smirr O Rain: A Scots Anthology (Itchy Coo Series)*. Edinburgh, Black and White Publishing. ISBN 1-902927-81-8
* Fitt, Matthew; Robertson, James; Dewar, Bob (2003) *King O the Midden: Manky Mingin Rhymes in Scots (Itchy Coo Series)*. Edinburgh, Black and White Publishing. ISBN 1-902927-70-2
* Fitt, Matthew (2005) *But'n'Ben A-Go-Go*. Dundee, Luath Press. ISBN 1-905222-04-1
* Rennie, Susan; Fitt, Matthew; Robertson, James (2002) *The Hoose O Haivers (Itchy Coo Series)*. Edinburgh, Black and White Publishing. ISBN 1-902927-44-3

## Fremmit airtins
* Varsity o Dundee expones the Itchy Coo projec 
* Text an writin on Kate o Shanter's Tale , whilk wis listit in *Best Scottish Poems, 2004*
* Itchy Coo Braw Books for Bairns o Aw Ages
*  - muisic tae "Icker in a Thrave"

## References
Kurt Gödel

**Kurt Gödel** kurt gøːdl, (28 Aprile, 1906 – 14 Januar, 1978) wis a logeician, mathemateician, an philosopher o mathematics. He wis born in Brünn in Moravia, Austrick-Hungary (nou Brno in the Czech Republic), becam a Czechoslovak ceitizen at 12 year auld whan the Austro-Hungarian empire wis broke up, an an Austrian ceetizen at 23 year auld. Whan Hitler teuk Austria, Gödel automatically becam a German ceetizen at 32 year auld. Aifter World War II, at 42 year auld, he got US ceitizenship.

Gödel's best kent warks wis his incompleteness theorems, the maist kenspeckle o them seyin that ony sel-conseestent recursive axiomatic seistem wi eneuch pouer ti descreive integer arithmetic maun allou for "true" proposeitions anent integers that canna be proven frae the axioms. For tae pruive this theorem, Gödel wrocht oot a technique nou kent as Gödel nummerin, that codes formal expressions intil arithmetic. Forby he did kenspeckle wirk on the continuum hypothesis, shawin that it canna be dispruiven frae the accepit set theory axioms, assumin that thae axioms is conseestent.
Gödel made important contreibutions ti pruif theory; he clarifee'd the connections atween clessical logic, intuitionistic logic an
modal logic bi definin translations atween them.

Kurt Gödel wis aiblins the greatest logeician o the 1900s an ane o the three greatest logeicians ivver wi Aristotle an Frege. He published his maist important result in 1931 at 25 year auld whan he wrocht at Vienna Varsity, Austria.

## Important publications

* *Über formal unentscheidbare Sätze der Principia Mathematica und verwandter Systeme*, *Monatshefte für Mathematik und Physik,* vol. 38 (1931). (Available in Inglis at http://home.ddc.net/ygg/etext/godel/  )
* *The Consistency of the Axiom of Choice and of the Generalized Continuum Hypothesis with the Axioms of Set Theory.* Princeton Varsity Press, Princeton, NJ. (1940)

## Airtins an references
### Further readin
* Dawson, John W. *Logical dilemmas: The life and work of Kurt Gödel.* A K Peters. (ISBN 1-56881-025-3)
* Depauli-Schimanovich, Werner, & Casti, John L. *Gödel: A life of logic.* Perseus. (ISBN 0-7382-0518-4)
* Goldstein, Rebecca (2005). *Incompleteness: The Proof and Paradox of Kurt Godel (Great Discoveries).* W. W. Norton & Company. (ISBN 0-393-05169-2)
* Hintikka, Jaakko (2000). *On Gödel.* Wadsworth. (ISBN 0-534-57595-1)
* Hofstadter, Douglas. *[[Gödel, Escher, Bach]]* (ISBN 0-465-02656-7)
* Nagel, Ernst, & Newman, James R..*Gödel's Proof.* New York Varsity Press. (ISBN 0-8147-5816-9)
* Wang, Hao (1996). *A logical journey: From Gödel to philosophy.* Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
* Yourgrau, Palle (2004). *A World Without Time: The Forgotten Legacy of Gödel and Einstein.* Basic Beuks. (ISBN 0-465-09293-4)
* Yourgrau, Palle (1999). *Gödel Meets Einstein: Time Travel in the Gödel Universe.* Open Court. (ISBN 0-8126-9408-2)
The Light That Failed

***The Light That Failed*** (*The Licht That Dwined*) is a novelle bi Rudyard Kipling, an wis first furthset in 1890. Maist o the beuk is set in Lunnon, yett monie o the important happenins cam in the Sudan, or Indiae. The beuk follaes the life o a chiel cried Dick Herald; a penter that gangs blin. The storie haed twa sindry feenishes: a couthie ane that wis furthset in *Lippincott's Monthly Magazine*; an a dreich ane that wis furthset in beuk furm a puckle month efter.
Oo

**Oo** is the feebre derived fae the herr o hamelt ainimals, for ordinar yowes. It haes scales that owrelaips like the sclates on a ruif an it is crimpit, a puckle o thaim haes fleeshes wi mair nor 20 bends per inch. Acause o that it's eith tae birl thegither, an tharebi uised in claes.
Fire-flaucht

A **fire-flaucht** (kent forbye as **foudrie**, or **lichtnin**) is a pouerfu naitural electrostatic dischairge that kythes in throu a thunnerstorm. The lichtnin's suddent electric delash comes alang wi the emeesion o veesible licht an ither furms o electromagnetic radiation. In a suddenty the flowe o electric current gaun throu the fire-flaucht hets an chynges the air intae a plasma. This gars the air pairt an come dunnerin back thegither, the affcome bein the soond o thunner fae the oam .
Thunnerstorm

A **thunnerstorm**, or an **eletric storm**, is a furm o wather chairacterised bi the presence o fire-flauchts alang wi thunner. For ordinar, it comes alang wi rowth o rainfaw, a blatter o hail an whiles an onfaw o snaw in the wunter months.
Hail

**Hail** is sib tae rain, cep it is makkit o frost. The frost, oreeginally watter e'en tho it's unner freezin pynt, comes thegither aboot a wee bittie o stour, or e'en smaw flichtan o frost or snaw. An faws tae the grund ablo whan it gits wechtie. Hail for ordinar kythes in throu a thunnerstorm.
Walker's Rhyming Dictionary

***Walker's Rhyming Dictionary*** (*Walker's Clinkin Dictionar*) wis disponed bi John Walker an furthsett in 1775. It is a Inglis dictionar, e'en tho it haes a puckle Scots wirds, sortit bi the end o the wirds.

Some o the Scots wirds include: *Callant*, *Hogmanay*, *Wrongous*, *Een*, *Tolbooth*, an *Wis*/*Wist* (awtho it isna leetit as sic).
Dictionar

A **dictionar** is a leet o wirds wi thair defineetions, a leet o letters wi thair glyphs, or a leet o wirds wi confeerin wirds in ither leids. In some leids, wirds can kythe in mony sindry furms, but anerly the lemma furm kythes as the main wird or  in maist dictionars.

## Relatit pages
* Scottish Language Dictionaries
* Johnson's Dictionary
* Walker's Rhyming Dictionary
Scots baunk notes

Three o the Scots baunks haes the richt ti prent thair ain **baunk notes** for uiss as siller. The baunks is the Baunk o Scotland, the Ryal Baunk o Scotland, an the Clydesdale Baunk. Ilkane is a commercial baunk an uises its ain designs.

## See forby
*Fowk on Clydesdale bank notes

## Fremmit airtins
*The Bank of Scotland
*The Royal Bank of Scotland
*The Clydesdale Bank