18 August

The **18t o August** is the 230t day o the year (231st in lowp years) in the Gregorian Calendar, wi 135 days bidin.

## Events

* 1201 - The ceety o Riga in present-day Latvie is foondit.
* 1868 - A total solar eclipse is seen ower Soothren an Sootheast Asie: It is observed bi Keeng Mongkut o Siam an Pierre Janssen discovers helium durin the event.
* 1870 - Franco-Proushie War: The Battle o Gravelotte is focht.
* 1877 - Mars' muin Phobos is discoverit.
* 1891 - A hurricane hits the Caribbean isle o Martinique, killin 700 fowk.
* 1917 - The Greek ceety o Thessaloniki is heavily damaged bi fire.
* 1920 - Weemen in the Unitit States gain the richt tae vote.
* 1940 - Warld War II: Battle o Breetain's "hardest day", wi heavy losses on baith sides.
* 1945 - Sukarno becomes Preses o Indonesie.
* 1959 - The Mini automobile goes on sale.
* 1964 - Sooth Africae is banned frae the Olympic Gemmes ower its Apartheid policy.
* 1966 - Vietnam War: The Battle o Long Tan taks place.
* 1971 - Vietnam War: Australie an New Zealand decide tae withdraw their troops frae Vietnam.
* 1976 - The Soviet Union's Luna 24 probe lands on the Muin.
* 1977 - Sooth Africae activist Steve Biko is arrestit.
* 1983 - Hurricane Alicia hits Texas, killin 21 fowk.
* 1988 - George H. W. Bush maks his famous "Read my lips, No new taxes" campaign promise.
* 2004 - A laundslide at Lochearnhead, Stirlin Cooncil, closes a section o the A84 road.
* 2005 - A massive pouer cut affects Java, Indonesie.
* 2008 - Pervez Musharraf demits as Preses o Pakistan.
* 2017 - 2017 Turku stobbin: Twa fowk are kilt in a stabbin attack in Turku, Finland.
* 2018 - Umwhile cricketer Imran Khan becomes Prime meenister o Pakistan.
* 2018 - Scots baund Runrig plays its feenal concert, in Stirlin.
* 2019 - A plaque is unveiled in Iceland tae mourn the loss o the meltit Okjokull Glacier.
* 2020 - A mutiny bi Malian sodgers turns intae a coup d'état; Preses Ibrahim Boubacar Keita is arrestit an later propales his demission.
* 2020 - Joe Biden accepts the Democratic Pairty nomination for Preses o the Unitit States; at age 77, he becomes the auldest Presidential nominee o a major US poleetical pairty.

## Births

* 1685 - Brook Taylor, Inglis mathemateecian (d. 1731)
* 1692 - Louis Henri, Duke o Bourbon, Prince o Condé (d. 1740)
* 1750 - Antonio Salieri, Italian componer (d. 1825)
* 1774 - Meriwether Lewis, American splorer (d. 1809)
* 1792 - John Russell, 1st Yerl Russell, Prime Meenister o the Unitit Kinrick (d. 1878)
* 1830 - Franz Joseph I o Austrick (d. 1916)
* 1835 - Robert Murdoch Smith, Scots ingineer, airchaeologist an diplomat (d. 1900)
* 1885 - Ivan Laing, Scots field hockey player (d. 1917)
* 1908 - Sam English, Erse fitbawer (d. 1967)
* 1916 - Don Keefer, American actor (d. 2014)
* 1920 - Shelley Winters, American actress (d. 2006)
* 1921 - Zdzislaw Zygulski, Jr., Pols art historian an professor (d. 2015)
* 1927 - Rosalynn Carter, First Lady o the Unitit States
* 1932 - Luc Montagnier, French virologist
* 1933 - Just Fontaine, French fitbawer
* 1933 - Roman Polanski, Pols-French director
* 1936 - Gulzar, Indie poet, lyricist an sangwriter
* 1936 - Robert Redford, American actor
* 1952 - Chaudhry Mohammad Sarwar, Scots-Pakistani politeecian
* 1952 - Patrick Swayze, American actor (d. 2009)
* 1962 - Felipe Calderon, umwhile Preses o Mexico
* 1963 - Billy Reid, Scots fitbawer
* 1969 - Edward Norton, American actor, director, screenwriter an producer
* 1969 - Christian Slater, American actor
* 1974 - Duncan Hodge, Scots rugby union player
* 1980 - Mark Burchill, Scots fitbawer
* 1980 - Esteban Cambiasso, Argentine fitbawer
* 1983 - Mika, Lebanese-Inglis sangster
* 1983 - Kris Boyd, Scots fitbawer
* 1985 - Bryan Ruiz, Costa Rican fitbawer
* 1986 - Ross McCormack, Scots fitbawer

## Daiths

* 1227 - Genghis Khan, Mongol Emperor
* 1276 - Pape Adrian V (b. 1220)
* 1503 - Pape Alexander VI (b. 1431)
* 1559 - Pape Paul IV (b. 1476)
* 1620 - Wanli Emperor o Cheenae (b. 1563)
* 1642 - Guido Reni, Italian penter (b. 1575)
* 1648 - Ibrahim o the Ottoman Empire (b. 1615)
* 1654 - Hugo Grotius, Dutch polymath (b. 1583)
* 1765 - Francis I, Haly Roman Emperor (b. 1708)
* 1803 - James Beattie, Scots poet an philosopher (b. 1735)
* 1850 - Honoré de Balzac, French writer (b. 1799) 
* 1853 - Alexander Fraser, 16t Laird Saltoun, Scots peer (b. 1785)
* 1874 - William Fairbairn, Scots ceevil ingineer (b. 1789)
* 1936 - Federico García Lorca, Spaingie poet, playwricht an director (b. 1898)
* 1990 - B. F. Skinner, American psychologist (b. 1904)
* 2009 - Kim Dae-jung, Preses o Sooth Korea (b. 1925)
* 2012 - Scott McKenzie, American sangster-sangwriter (b. 1939)
* 2014 - Sam Galbraith, Scots politeecian (b. 1945)
* 2017 - Sir Bruce Forsyth, Inglis enterteener (b. 1928)
* 2018 - Kofi Annan, Ghanaian diplomat an Secretar-General o the Unitit Naitions (b. 1938)

## Halidays
* **18t o Augist** is the feast day o the follaein saunts:
:St. Helena
:St. Agapitus
:Bl. Thomas Guengoro
:St. Daig Maccairaill
:St. Firminus o Metz
:St. Florus & Laurus
:St. Hugh the Little
:St. James Guengoro, Blissit
:St. John & Crispus
:St. Leo & Juliana
:Bl. Raynald o Ravenna
:Bl. Mary Guengoro