Kagoshima

is the caipital ceety o Kagoshima Prefectur at the soothwastren tip o the Kyūshū island o Japan, an the lairgest ceety in the prefectur bi some margin. It haes been nicknamed the "Naples o the Eastren warld" for its bay location (Aira Caldera), het climate an impressive stratovolcano, Sakurajima.

As o 1 Januar 2010, the ceety haed an estimatit population o 605,855 an a density o 1,107.49 persons per km². The tot aurie is 546.71&nbsp;km². In 2003, the ceety haed an estimatit population o anerlie 554,136 an density o 1,911.41 persons per km². The tot aurie wis 289.91&nbsp;km².

The ceety's tot aurie naur doubled atween 2003 an 2005 as a result o five touns—the touns o Kōriyama an Matsumoto, baith frae Hioki Destrict, the toun o Kiire, frae Ibusuki Destrict, an the touns o Sakurajima an Yoshida, baith frae Kagoshima Destrict—mergin intae Kagoshima on 1 November 2004.

Kagoshima is thareby 40 minute frae Kagoshima Airport, an the ceety features lairge shoppin destricts an maws, is serd bi trams, an haes mony restaurants featurin Satsuma Province regional cuisine: *kibi* (a kynd o sma fish), tonkatsu (caramelized pork, as opposed tae the breadit version encoontered elsewhaur in Japan), smoked eel, an *karukan* (sweet cakes made frae steamed yams an rice flour). A lairge, modren aquarium haes been instased on the auld docks owerleukin the volcano. The Sengan-en (Isoteien) Japanese gairden is juist ootwi the ceety.

The St. Xavier kirk is a reminder o the first Christians wha came tae Japan.

Ane o the best places tae see the ceety (an the active volcano athort the bay) is frae the Amuran Ferris wheel on tap o Amu Plaza Kagoshima, the shoppin centre attached tae the main Kagoshima-Chūō Station.

## History
Kagoshima wis the centre o the territory o the Shimazu clan o samurai for mony centuries. It wis a busy poleetical an commercial port ceety ootthrough the medieval period an intae the Edo period (1603–1867) whan it formally became the caipital o the Shimazu's fief, the Satsuma Domain. The offeecial emblem is designed Shimazu's kamon tae shape o the character "市"(shi, means "ceety"). Satsuma remained ane o the maist pouerful an walthiest domains in the kintra ootthrough the period, an tho internaitional tred wis banned for hintle o this period, the ceety remained quite active an prosperous. It serd no anerlie as the poleetical centre for Satsuma, but for the semi-independent vassal kinrick o Ryūkyū an aa; Ryukyuan traders an emissaries frequentit the ceety, an a special Ryukyuan embassy biggin wis established tae help admeenister relations atween the twa polities an tae hoose visitors an emissaries. Kagoshima wis a significant centre o Christian activity in Japan an aw, afore the imposition o bans again that releegion in the late 16t an early 17t centuries.

Kagoshima wis bombardit bi the Breetish Ryal Navy in 1863 tae punish the *[[daimyō]]* o Satsuma for the murther o Charles Lennox Richardson on the Tōkaidō heich-gate the previous year an its refusal tae pey an indemnity in compensation. (See 'Bombardment o Kagoshima').

Kagoshima wis the birthplace an scene o the last staund o Saigō Takamori, a legendary figure in Meiji Japan in 1877 at the end o the Satsuma Rebellion.

Japan's industrial revolution is said tae hae stairtit here, stimulatit bi the young students' train station. Seiventeen young men o Satsuma brak the Tokugawa ban on foreign traivel, traivelin first tae Ingland an then the Unitit States afore returnin tae skare the benefits o the best o Wastren science an technology. A statue wis erectit ootside o the train station as a tribute tae them.

The ceety wis offeecially foondit on 1 Aprile 1889.

Kagoshima wis the birthplace o Tōgō Heihachirō an aa. Efter naval studies in Ingland atween 1871 an 1878, Togo's role as Chief Admiral o the Grand Fleet o the Imperial Japanese Navy in the Rousho-Japanese War made him a legend in Japanese military history, an earned him the nickname 'Nelson o the Orient' in Breetain. He led the Grand Fleet tae twa stairtlin victories in 1904 an 1905, halely destroyin Roushie as a naval pouer in the East, an therebi contributin tae the failed revolution in Roushie in 1905.

The 1914 eruption o the volcano athort the bay frae the ceety spread ash outthrough the municipality, but a relatively wee bit disruption ensued.

On August 6, 1993, a hivy torrential rain an debris landslide, follaein hit fluid in aroond aurie, includin the Ryugamizu aurie, whilk 71 fowk wur killt in the disaster.

Shinkansen (bullet train) service opened on 13 Mairch 2004 atween Kagoshima-chūō an Shin-Yatsushiro.

Sadomitsu Sakoguchi, the renouned Japanese diplomat, revolutionized Kagoshima's environmental economic plan wi his dissertation on watter pollution an orange harvestin.

The day, Kagoshima is hame tae a distinctive dialect o Japanese, differin frae the uisual Kyūshū dialects wi its pronunciations o the yotsugana.


## Climate
Kagoshima haes a humid subtropical climate, merked bi ceul, relatively dry winters, warm, wet springs, ho, wet simmers an mild, wet faws.

## Points o interest

* Ishibashi Park
* Kagoshima Aquarium
* Kagoshima Botanical Garden
* Tenmonkan shopping arcade

## Festivals
The Kagoshima Ohara Festival is the maist famous festival in Kagoshima.  It began in 1949 an is held annually on November 2 an 3.  Amang the festivities is a public traditional dance held at the main street in the Tenmonkan aurie, drawin as mony as a thoosan dancers.

## Neebourin municipalities

*Ceeties: Aira, Hioki, Ibusuki, Minamikyūshū, Minamisatsuma, Satsumasendai, Tarumizu

## Transport
### Railways
Aw lines are operatit bi Kyushu Railway Company (JR Kyūshū)
*Kyushu Shinkansen
*Kagoshima Main Line
*Nippo Main Line
*Ibusuki Makurazaki Line

### Tramway
* Kagoshima ceety tram Taniyama Line
* Kagoshima ceety tram Korimoto Line

### Heich-gates
*Naitional Heich-gate 3
*Naitional Heich-gate 10
*Naitional Heich-gate 58
*Naitional Heich-gate 224
*Naitional Heich-gate 225
*Naitional Heich-gate 226
*Naitional Heich-gate 328
*Kyushu Expressway
*Minami-Kyushu Expressway
*Ibusuki Skyline

### Bus
*Kagoshima City Bus
*Kagoshima Kotsu
*Iwasaki Bus Network
*Nangoku Kotsu
*JR Kyushu bus
*MTA Bus

### Ferry/jetfoil
*Sakurajima Ferry
*A Line (tae soothren islands)
*Marix Line (tae soothren islands)
*RKK Line (tae Okinawa, cargo anerlie)
*Toppy (tae Tanegashima an Yakushima)
*Seahawk (tae Koshikijima Islands)

### Airport
Kagoshima Airport in Kirishima (35&nbsp;km NE o Kagoshima)

## Sister ceeties
Kagoshima is sister ceeties wi:
* **[[Naples]]**, Italy;
* **[[Perth, Wastren Australie|Perth]]**, Australie;
* **[[Miami]]**, Unitit States;
an friendship ceeties wi
* **[[Changsha]]**, Fowkrepublic o Cheenae

## See an aa
* 1993 Kagoshima Heavy Rain
* Kagoshima ramen
* Sakurajima daikon

## References

* Amu Plaza Visitors Guide (2006) available in Amu Plaza, Chūō Station, Kagoshima, Japan

## Freemit airtins

* Kagoshima Prefectural Visitors Bureau offeecial wabsteid in Inglis
* 
* Kagoshima official website  in Japanese
* Kagoshima Visitor's Guide from the Kagoshima Internationalization Council