Nikolsky Destrict, Vologda Oblast

**Nikolsky Destrict** () is a admeenistrative an municipal destrict (raion), ane o the twinty-sax in Vologda Oblast, Roushie. It is locatit in the sootheast o the oblast an borders wi Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky Destrict in the north, Vokhomsky Destrict o Kostroma Oblast in the east, Pavinsky, Pyshchugsky, Mezhevskoy, an Kologrivsky Destricts o Kostroma Oblast in the sooth, Babushkinsky Destrict in the soothwast, an wi Nyuksensky Destrict in the wast. The aurie o the destrict is . Its admeenistrative centre is the toun o Nikolsk. Population:  26,461 (2002 Census);  The population o Nikolsk accoonts for 38.0% o the destrict's tot population.

## Geografie

The landscape o the destrict is dominatit bi the Northren Ridge chain o hills which separate the basins o the Northren Dvina an the Volga Rivers, or, mair generally, the basins o the Arctic Ocean an the Caspian Sea. The rivers in the eastren pairt o the destrict drain intae the Yug River, which maks a big loop inside the destrict. The toun o Nikolsk is locatit on the banks o the Yug. The Yug is ane o the twa soorces (alang wi the Sukhona) o the Northren Dvina. The northren pairt o the destrict belangs tae the basin o the Sharzhenga River, a left tributar o the Yug. The soothwastren pairt o the destrict belangs tae the basin o the Unzha River, a left tributar o the Volga, an o the Mezha River, a principal (left) tributar o the Unzha. Minor auries in the sooth an the vera east o the destrict are in the basin o the Vetluga River, anither left tributar o the Volga, an its richt tributar, the Vokhma. The soorces o the Unzha an the Vokhma is locatit athin the destrict leemits.

Considerable auries o the destrict are covered bi coniferous forests.

## History
The aurie wis oreeginally populatit bi the Finno-Ugric fowks. In the 14t–15t centuries, durin the colonisation, it wis a disputit territory atween the Grand Duchy o Moscow an the Novgorod Republic. Novgorod controlled the major pairt o the Roushie North, an, in pairticular, aw auries alang the Sukhona River northeast o Nikolsky Destrict. Moscow controlled Veliky Ustyug, which it inheritit frae the Vladimir-Suzdal Principality, an the Yug River wis the watterwey it uised tae get tae Veliky Ustyug. It is kent that in 1452 Nikolsk an surroondin auries paid tribute tae Novgorod. In the end o the 15t century, Novgorod wis owertaken bi the Grand Duchy o Moscow, an Nikolsk became ane o the key pynts on the wey frae Moscow tae the White Sea, which till 1703 wis the main route for the foreign trade in Roushie. In pairticular, the harbor in Nikolsk wis uised tae transport cargo.

In the course o the admeenistrative reform carriet oot in 1708 bi Peter the Great, the aurie wis includit intae Archangelgorod Govrenorate. In 1780, the govrenorate wis abolisht an transformit intae Vologda Viceryalty. Simultaneously, Nikolsk became the seat o an uyezd an wis grantit toun richts. The viceryalty wis abolisht in 1796 an Nikolsky Uyezd wis transferred tae Vologda Govrenorate. In 1918, the aurie wis transferred tae the newly establisht Northren Dvina Governorate wi the admeenistrative centre locatit in Veliky Ustyug. In 1924, the uyezds wur abolisht in favor o the new diveesions, the destricts (raions).

On 10 Juin 1924, Nikolsky Destrict wis establisht. In 1929, Northren Dvina Govrenorate waes mergit intae Northren Krai. The krai consistit o five okrugs, ane o which, Northren Dvina Okrug, haed the admeenistrative centre is Veliky Ustyug. Nikolsky Destrict became a pairt o Northren Dvina Okrug. In Julie 1930, the okrugs wur abolisht, an the destricts wur directly subordinatit tae Northren Krai. In 1936, Northren Krai wis transformit intae Northren Oblast, an in 1937, Northren Oblast itsel wis split intae Arkhangelsk Oblast an Vologda Oblast. Nikolsky Destrict remained in Vologda Oblast iver syne.

On 10 Juin 1924, Roslyatinsky Destrict wis establisht, wi the admeenistrative centre in the *[[velage#Roushie|selo]]* o Roslyatino. On 30 Julie 1931, it wis mergit intae Ledengsky Destrict, then in 1935 it wis re-establisht, an on 12 November 1960, Roslyatinsky Destrict wis abolisht again wi its aurie dividit atween Babushkinsky an Nikolsky Destricts.

Till the 1990s, Nikolsky Destrict wis ane o the maist remote auries o Vologda Oblast. Nikolsk wis connectit bi roads tae Veliky Ustyug an Vologda, but travelin frae Nikolsk tae Moscow required a detour tae Vologda. The problem wis solvit when the road tae Pyshchug an Manturovo, baith in Kostroma Oblast, wis biggit in the end o the 1990s.

## Economy
### Industrie
Timber industrie is the basis o the economie o the destrict. Fuid industrie, includin meat, milk, an breid production, is present an aw. Thare is linum textile production an aw.

### Agriculture
Thare are aboot a hunder ferms in the destrict, wi no mair nor a dozen o thaim bein lairge-scale. The main activity o the ferms is cattle breedin, pork production, an linum growin. Maist o the crops are grown tae feed cattle.

### Transportation
Pavit roads connect Nikolsk wi Pyshchug an Manturovo in the sooth, crossin the border wi Kostroma Oblast, wi Totma in the wast, an wi Veliky Ustyug via Kichmengsky Gorodok in the north. Thare is regular bus service on thir roads, as well as local bus traffic oreeginatin frae Nikolsk.

The Yug is navigable dounstream frae Nikolsk; housomeivver, thare is nae passenger navigation.

Thare are nae railweys operatit bi the Roushie Railweys in the destrict, an the closest railwey stations wi regular passenger service are Kotlas in Arkhangelsk Oblast an Sharya in Kostroma Oblast. Thare wur plans tae extend the Monza Railroad—a railwey biggit for timber transport, which runs alang the border o Vologda an Kostroma Oblasts—tae Nikolsk; housomeivver, thir plans wur niver realisit. Several kilometres o tracks at the eastren end o the Monza Railroad, includin Kema terminal station, are locatit athin the destrict.

## Cultur an recreation

The destrict contains 137&nbsp;objects (60&nbsp;o thaim locatit in Nikolsk) classifee'd as cultural an historical heritage o local importance. Maist o thir are ferms, toun hooses, an kirks biggit prior tae 1917.

Author Alexander Yashin, associatit wi the Veelage Prose muivement in Roushie leeteratur, wis born in 1913 in wha is nou Nikolsky Destrict, got his eddication in Nikolsk, an livit in Nikolsk till the mid-1930s. The anerlie state museum in the destrict is the Memorial Museum o Alexander Yashin, locatit in Nikolsk. The museum occupees the hoose which belangit tae Yashin's parents, as well as the umwhile hoose o Yashin.

## References
### Notes

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