open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Minneapolis

**Minneapolis** (), nicknamed "Ceety o Lakes" an the "Mill Ceety," is the coonty seat o Hennepin Coonty,  the lairgest ceety in the U.S. state o Minnesota, an the 48t lairgest in the Unitit States. Its name is attributit tae the ceety's first schoolteacher, who combined *mni*, the Dakota wird for watter, an *polis*, the Greek wird for ceety.

Minneapolis lies on baith banks o the Mississippi River, juist north o the river's confluence wi the Minnesota River, an adjoins Saint Paul, the state's caipital. Kent as the "Twin Ceeties," Minneapolis-St. Paul  is the 16t-lairgest metropolitan aurie in the U.S., wi 3.5 million residents.  The Metropolitan Cooncil estimatit the ceety's population in 2008 as 390,131.

The ceety is abundantly rich in watter wi ower twinty lakes an wetlands, the Mississippi river, creeks an waterfalls, mony connectit bi pairkways in the Chain o Lakes an the Grand Rounds Scenic Byway. It wis ance the warld's flour millin caipital an a hub for timmer, an the day is the primary business centre atween Chicago an Seattle. Named Americae's maist literate ceety, it haes cultural organisations that draw creative fowk an audiences tae the ceety for theater, visual airt, writin, an muisic. The community's diverse population haes a lang tradeetion o charitable support throu progressive public social programs, as well as private an corporate philanthropy.

## Sister ceeties
As shawn ablo Minneapolis haes 10 sister ceeties:

*  Najaf (Iraq) syne 2009
*  Cuernavaca (Mexico) syne 2008
*  Uppsala (Swaden) syne 2000
*  Eldoret (Kenyae) syne 2000
*  Harbin (Cheenae) syne 1992
*  Tours (Fraunce) syne 1991
*  Novosibirsk (Roushie) syne 1988
*  Ibaraki (Japan) syne 1980
*  Kuopio (Finland) syne 1972
*  Santiago (Chile) syne 1961

## References

## Freemit airtins

* City of Minneapolis — Offeecial site
**Visitors**
* Offeecial Minneapolis Tourism site — Visitor Information
* City of Minneapolis — Visitors page
* Minneapolis Convention Center
* Leet o Minneapolis biggins, places an tours on Placeography 
*
Volgograd

**Volgograd** (; ), umwhile cried **Tsaritsyn** () (1589–1925) an **Stalingrad** () (1925–1961) is an important industrial ceety an the admeenistrative centre o Volgograd Oblast, Roushie.  It is 80 kilometres (50&nbsp;mi) lang, north tae sooth, situatit on the wastren bank o the Volga River an haes a population o 1,021,215 fowk.  The ceety wis made famous for its resistance an extensive damage durin the Battle o Stalingrad durin Warld War II.

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns — Sister ceeties
Volgograd is twinned wi:

* A nummer o comminties in Fraunce an Italy hae streets or avenues named efter Stalingrad, hence *[[Place de Stalingrad]]* in Paris an the eponymous Paris Métro station o Stalingrad.

## References
Kunming

**Kunming** (; , ; UN/LOCODE: `CNKMG`) is a prefectur-level ceety an caipital o Yunnan province, in soothwastren Cheenae. It is the poleetical, economic, communications an cultural centre o Yunnan, an is the seat o the provincial govrenment. It is an aa hame tae several universities, museums, galleries an ither important economic, cultural, an educational institutions. The heidquarters o mony o Yunnan's muckle businesses are in Kunming as well. It wis important durin Warld War II as a Cheenese militar center, American air base, an transport terminus for the Burma Road. Locatit in the middle o the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Kunming is locatit at an altitude o 1,900 m abuin sea level an at a latitude juist north o the Tropic o Cancer. It covers an aurie o 21,501 square kilometres (8,302 sq mi) an its urban aurie covers 6,200 square kilometres (2,390 sq mi). Kunming haes an estimatit population o 5,740,000 includin 3,055,000 in the urban aurie an is locatit at the northren edge o the muckle Lake Dian, surroondit bi temples an lake-an-limestane hill landscapes.

## Internaitional relations
### Twin touns

Kunming is twinned wi:

*  Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan, syne 5 November 1981
* Zürich, Swisserland, syne 17 Februar 1982
* Chefchaouen, Morocco
* Denver,  Unitit States, syne  14 Mey 1985
* Wagga Wagga, Australie, syne 20 August 1988
* Cochabamba, Bolivie, syne 25 September 1997
* Chiang Mai, Thailand, syne 7 Juin 1999
* Mandalay, Myanmar, syne 10 Mey 2001
* New Plymouth,   New Zealand, syne 11 August 2003
* Chittagong, Bangladesh, syne 18 August 2005
* Jyväskylä, Finland, syne 18 September 2008
* Yangon, Myanmar, syne 10 October 2008
* Phnom Penh, Cambodie, syne 26 Juin 2008

## References
Lahore

**Lahore** (, ; ) is the caipital o the Pakistan province o Punjab an the seicont lairgest ceety in Pakistan, efter Karachi. The ceety lies alang the Ravi River, situatit approximately 25 kilometres (16&nbsp;mi) frae Wagah border crossin an is 32 kilometres (20&nbsp;mi) frae the Indian ceety o Amritsar.

Historically, Lahore haes been a centre o cultural heritage for mony ceevilizations. It successively served as regional caipital o the empires o the Shahi kinricks in the 11t century, the Ghaznavids in the 12t century, the Ghurid State in the 12t an 13t centuries, the Mughal Empire in the 16t century, the Sikh Empire in the early 19t century, an it wis the caipital o the Punjab region unner the Breetish Raj in the mid 19t an early 20t century. The traditional caipital o Punjab for a thoosan years, Lahore wis the cultural centre o Northren Indie extendin frae Peshawar tae New Delhi.  Mughal structures sic as the Badshahi Mosque, the Lahore Fort, Shalimar Gardens, an the mausolea o Jehangir an Nur Jehan are popular tourist attractions for the ceety. Lahore is an aa hame tae mony Breetish colonial structures biggit in the Mughal-Gothic style, sic as the Lahore High Court, the General Post Office, Lahore Museum an mony aulder varsities includin the University o the Punjab. The Lahore Zoo, warld's third auldest zoo, is an aa situatit here. Lahore is an aa referred tae as the cultural hert o Pakistan as it hosts maist o the airts, cuisine, festivals, film makin, muisic, gardenin an intelligentsia o the kintra. Lahore is an aa kent for its affiliation wi poets an airtists; it haes the lairgest nummer o educational institutions in the kintras an some o the finest gardens in the continent.  It is an aa an important releegious centre as it is a hame tae mony temples, mosques an shrines lik Data Durbar Complex.

Accordin tae the 1998 census, Lahore's population wis 6,318,745. A mid-2006 govrenment estimate nou puts the population at approximately 10 million.

### Twin touns an sister ceeties
Lahore is twinned wi:

## References
Delhi

**Delhi**, locally pronooncit as **Dilli** (, , ) or **Dehli** (, , ), offeecially **Naitional Caiital Territory o Delhi** (NCT), is the lairgest metropolis bi aurie an the seicont-lairgest metropolis bi population in Indie. It is the aicht lairgest metropolis in the warld bi population wi mair nor 12.25 million indwallers in the territory. Thare nearly 22.2 million residents in the greater Naitional Caipital Region urban aurie (at forby includes Noida, Greater Noida, Ghaziabad, Gurgaon an Faridabad alang wi ither smawer nearbi touns). The name Delhi is aften forby uised fur tae include urban auries near the NCT, as weel as fur tae refer tae New Delhi, the caipital o Indie, at lees athin the metropolis. Awtho technically a federally admeenistered union territory, the poleetical admeenistration o the NCT o Delhi the day mair closely resembles that o a state o Indie wi its awn legislatur, hie court an an executive cooncil o meenisters heidit bi a Chief Meenister. New Delhi, jointly admeenistered bi baith the federal Govrenment o Indie an the local Govrenment o Delhi, is an aa the caipital o the NCT o Delhi.

## Sister ceeties an twin regions
Delhi haes the follaein sister ceeties, wi which it shares guid relations:

|}

### Twin region
Delhi is twinned wi the follaein region an aw:
*  Fukuoka Prefectur, Japan

## References
Yogyakarta

**Jogjakarta City** (forby **Jogja**, **Yogya**, **Jogjakarta**) is a city in the Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesie. It is renouned as a centre o classical Javanese fine airt an cultur siclik batik, ballet, drama, muisic, poetry, an puppet shaws. It is weel kent as a centre for Indonesian heicher education an the seat o Gadjah Mada University, ane o the three maist prestigious universities in Indonesie. Yogyakarta wis the Indonesian caipital durin the Indonesian Naitional Revolution frae 1945 til 1949.

## Orientation

The area o the city o Yogyakarta is 32.5&nbsp;km². While the city spreads in aw directions frae the *[[Kraton (Indonesie)|kraton]]* (the Sultan's palace), the core o the modren city is tae the north, centrin aroond Dutch colonial-era biggins an the commercial destrict. Jalan Malioboro, wi rows o pavement vendors an nearbi mercat an malls, is the primary shoppin street fur tourists in the city, while Jalan Solo, further north, is a shoppin district maist frequentit bi locals. At the soothren end o Malioboro, on the east side is the muckle local mercat o Beringharjo, no far frae Fort Vredeburg a restored Dutch fort.

At Yogyakarta's centre is the *kraton*, or Sultan's palace. Surroondin the kraton is a dense populatit residential neeburheid that occupies land that wis umwhile the Sultan's sole domain. Evidence o this umwhile uise remains in the form o auld walls an the ruined Taman Sari, biggit in 1758 as a pleisure gairden. Nae langer uised bi the sultan, the garden haed been mainly abandoned. For a time, it wis uised for hoosin bi palace employees an descendants. Reconstruction efforts began in 2004, an an effort tae renew the neeburheid aroond the kraton haes begun. The steid is a developin tourist attraction.

Nearbi tae the city o Yogyakarta is Mount Merapi. The northren ootskirts o the city run up tae the soothren slopes o the muntain in Sleman Regency (*Indonesian leid–[[Kabupaten]]*). Gunung Merapi (literally Muntain o Fire in Indonesian/Javanese), is an active Stratavolcano locatit on the mairch atween Central Java an Yogyakarta, Indonesie. It is the maist active volcano in Indonesie an haes eruptit on the reglar syne 1548. The volcano last eruptit in November 2010.
Emblem o Indie

The **emblem o Indie** is an adaptation o the Sarnath Lion Caipital o Ashoka.

Emperor Ashoka the Great erectit the caipital atop an Ashoka Pillar tae merk the spot whaur Gautama Buddha first taught the Dharma an whaur the Buddhist Sangha wis foondit. In the oreeginal thare are fower Asiatic lions, staundin back tae back, muntit on a circular abacus wi a frieze carryin sculptures in hie relief o an elephant, a gallopin horse, a bull an a lion separatit bi intervenin Dharmachakra or Ashoka Chakra wheels ower a bell-shaped lotus. It wis carved oot o a single block o polished sandstane.

The fower lions (ane hidden frae view) - seembolisin pouer, courage, pride an confidence - rest on a circular abacus. The abacus is girdit bi fower smawer ainimals - guardians o the fower directions: the lion o the north, the elephant o the east, the horse o the sooth an the bull o the wast. The abacus rests on a lotus in full bloom, exemplifyin the funtainheid o life an creative inspiration. The motto 'Satyameva Jayate' inscribed belaw the emblem in Devanagari script means 'truth alone triumphs'.

The version uised as the emblem daes no include the bell-shaped lotus flouer aneath. The frieze aneath the lions is shawn wi the Dharma Chakra in the center, a bull on the richt an a gallopin horse on the left, an ootlines o Dharma Chakras on the extreme richt an left.

Formin an integral pairt o the emblem is the motto inscribed belsw the abacus in Devanagari script: *[[Satyameva Jayate]]* सत्यमेव जयते (). This is a quote frae Mundaka Upanishad, the concludin pairt o the sacred Hindu Vedas.

It wis adoptit as the Naitional Emblem o Indie on 26 Januar 1950, the day that Indie became a republic.

The emblem forms a pairt o the offeecial letterheid o the Govrenment o Indie, an appears on aw Indian currency as well. It an aa whiles functions as the naitional emblem o Indie in mony places an appears prominently on the diplomatic an naitional Passport o the Republic o Indie. The wheel "Ashoka Chakra" frae its base haes been placed ontae the centre o the Naitional Banner o Indie

## See an aa

* Indie
* Emblems o Indian States
* Asiatic Lion - Critically endangered, it survives anerlie in Indie the day.
* Lion Caipital o Asoka
* Ashoka Pillars
* Ashoka Chakra
* Banner o Indie
* Sarnath Museum

## References

## Freemit airtins
* The State Emblem o Indie
* “National Insignia”, Embassy o Indie, Washington D.C., USA 
* 
* [Emblems an Names (Prevention o Improper Uise) Act, 1950](http://www.advocatekhoj.com/library/bareacts/emblemsandnames/index.php?Title=EmblemsandNames(PreventionofImproperUse)Act,1950)
* The Naitional Emblem displayed on the Hamepage o Meenistry o Hame Affairs, Govrenment o Indie 
* The Naitional Emblem displayed on the Hamepage o Meenistry o Environment & Forests, Govrenment o Indie
* For Pictures o the famous oreeginal "Lion Caipital o Ashoka" preserved at the Sarnath Museum which haes been adoptit as the "Naitional Emblem o Indie" an the Ashoka Chakra (Wheel) frae which haes been placed in the center o the "Naitional Banner o Indie" - See "lioncapital" frae Columbia University Wabsteid, New York, USA
Toledo

**Toledo**, maist notably, refers tae the follaein twa cities:

***[[Toledo, Spain]]**, a ceety an municipality locatit in central Spain
***[[Toledo, Ohio]]**, a ceety in the U.S. state o Ohio named efter the Spaingie ceety

## Places
;**Colombie:**
*Toledo, Norte de Santander
;**Spain:**
*Toledo, Spain (ceety)
*Province o Toledo
;**Unitit States:**
*Toledo, Ohio
Salto

**Salto** micht can refer tae:

;Organisations
* SALTO-YOUTH, a netwirk o resource centres for internaitional youth wirk athin the European Youth in Action programme
* SALTO, a local telly netwirk in Amsterdam, Netherlands

;Movies
* Salto (film), a 1965 Pols movie directit bi Tadeusz Konwicki, wi actor Zbigniew Cybulski

;Places
*Argentinae
**Salto, Buenos Aires, a ceety in the Buenos Aires Province
**Salto, Misiones, a toun in the Misiones Province
*Brazil
**Salto, São Paulo, a ceety an municipality in São Paulo state.
*Cape Verde
**Salto, Cape Verde, a parish in the municipality o São Filipe in the soothren pairt o Fogo Island
*Portugal
**Salto, Portugal, a parish in the municipality o Montalegre
*Uruguay
**Salto, Uruguay, a ceety
**Salto Depairtment

; Rivers :
* Salto, Italy, a tributary o the Velino
* Salto River, Costa Rica, a river o Costa Rica

;Ither
*Salto, a Latin wird for "tae leap/jump", an in geemnastics refers tae a somersault
* Glasflügel H-101 "Salto" (aerobatic glider)

;See an aa
*El Salto (locations in Argentinae, Mexico an Spain)
Toledo, Spain

**Toledo** (Laitin: *Toletum*, Arabic طليطلة ****) is a municipality locatit in central Spain, 70 km sooth o Madrid. It is the caipital o the province o Toledo. It is an aa the caipital o autonomous commuonty o Castile-La Mancha. It wis declared a Warld Heritage Steid bi UNESCO in 1986 for its extensive cultural an monumental heritage as ane o the umwhile caipitals o the Spaingie Empire an place o coexistence o Christian, Jewish an Muslim culturs. Mony famous fowk an airtists wur born or lived in Toledo, includin Al-Zarqali, Garcilaso de la Vega, Eleanor o Toledo, Alfonso X an El Greco. It wis an aa the place o important historic events such as the Visigothic Cooncils o Toledo. , the ceety haes a population o 82,291 an a aurie o 232.1&nbsp;km2 (89.59 square miles).

## Internaitional relations
### Twin touns — Sister ceeties

Toledo is twinned wi:

*  Agen, Fraunce, syne 22 Juin  1973
*  Aachen, Germany, syne 13 October 1984
*  Corpus Christi, Unitit States, syne September 5, 1989
*  Damascus, Sirie, syne 19 Aprile 1994
*  Guanajuato, Mexico, syne 20 October 1978
*  Havana, Cuba, syne 2006
*  Nara, Japan, syne 11 September 1972
*  Safed, Israel, syne 8 September 1981
*  Toledo, Unitit States, syne 1931
*  Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgarie, 25 Mairch 1983

## References
Córdoba

**Córdoba** uisually refers tae:
* Córdoba, Andalusie, Spain (pop. 338,000), caipital o the historic Caliphate o Córdoba, an the ceety frae which the name oreeginates
* Córdoba, Argentinae (pop. 1,300,000), caipital ceety o the province.

## Fowk
* Caliphate o Córdoba, Islamic rulers o the Iberian peninsula (Al-Andalus) an North Africae wi caipital in Córdoba, Spain frae 929 tae 1031.
* Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (discoverer o Yucatán) (d. 1517)
* Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (foonder o Nicaragua) (d. 1526)
* Jacob De Cordova, (1808-1868), a Jewish Texan legislator
* Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba (1453-1515), Spainyie military leader
* Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba (1585-1635), Spainyie military leader
* Iván Córdoba, Colombian fitbawer
* Piedad Córdoba, Colombian senator

## Places
;Spain:
* Province o Córdoba (Spain)
* Córdoba (Spainyie Congress Electoral Destrict)
* Córdoba (Vino de la Tierra), wine producing region in Spain
* Great Mosque o Córdoba

;Argentinae:
* Córdoba Province, Argentinae, ane o the kintra's 23 federal provinces

;Colombie:
* Córdoba, Quindío, municipality in Quindío Depairtment
* Córdoba, Bolívar, municipality in Bolívar Depairtment
* Córdoba, Nariño, toun an municipality in the Nariño Depairtment
* Córdoba, Colombie, ane o the kintra's 32 depairtments

;Mexico:
* Córdoba, Veracruz

## Ither
* Córdoba CF, Spainyie fitbaa club
* Córdoban Republic, an 11t century taifa state
* Nicaraguan córdoba, the currency o Nicaragua
* Cordoba Fechtin Dog, an extinct Argentine dog breed

### Automobiles
* Chrysler Cordoba, a caur produced bi Chrysler
* SEAT Córdoba, a caur manufactured bi SEAT
Córdoba, Andalusie

**Córdoba** (; an aw **Cordova**)() is a ceety in Andalusie, soothren Spain, an the caipital o the province o Córdoba. An Iberian an Roman ceety in auncient times. An aa in the Middle Ages it wis caipital o an Islamic caliphate.

The auld toun contains mony impressive airchitectural reminders o whan *Corduba*, the caipital o Hispania Ulterior durin the Roman Republic an caipital o Hispania Baetica durin the Roman Empire; an *Qurṭuba* (قرطبة) the caipital o the Caliphate o Córdoba, govrened amaist aw o the Iberie peninsulae.

It haes been estimatit that in the 10t century an beginnin o the 11t century, Córdoba wis the maist populous ceety in the warld, durin thir centuries became the intellectual centre o Europe. The day is a moderately-sized modren ceety, its population in 2011 wis 330,033.

## Geography
The ceety is locatit on the banks o the Guadalquivir river, an its easy access tae the minin resoorces o the *Sierra Morena* (coal, lead, zinc) satisfies the population’s needs.

The ceety is locatit in a depression o the valley o the Guadalquivir. In the north is the *Sierra Morena*, which defines the borders o the municipal aurie.

Córdoba is ane o the few ceeties in the warld that haes a near-exact antipodal ceety – Hamilton, New Zealand.

## Transport
The ceety is connectit bi hie speed trains tae the main Spaingie ceeties: Madrid, Barcelona, Seville, Málaga an Zaragoza. Mair nor 20 trains per day connect the dountoun aurie, in 54 minutes, wi Málaga María Zambrano station, which provides interchynge capability tae destinations alang the Costa del Sol, includin Málaga Airport.

## Twin touns – sister ceeties

Córdoba is twinned wi:
*  Córdoba, Argentinae (1969)
*  A Coruña, Spain (1976)
*  Córdoba, Mexico (1980)
*  Fes, Morocco (1982)
*  Smara, Wastren Sahara (1987)
*  La Habana Vieja, Cuba (2000)
*  Damascus, Sirie (2001)
*  Nuremberg, Germany (2010)
*  León, Spain (2010)
*  Lahore, Pakistan
*  Manchester, UK
*  Bethlehem, Palestine

## References
Breda

**Breda** () is a municipality an a ceety in the province o North Brabant, in the soothren pairt o the Netherlands. The name Breda derived frae *brede Aa* ('broad Aa') an refers tae the confluence o the rivers Mark an Aa. As a fortified ceety, the ceety wis a strategic military an poleetical significance. Awtho a direct Fiefdom o the Holy Roman Emperor, the ceety obtained a municipal chairter; the acquisition o Breda, throu marriage bi the hoose o Nassau ensured that Breda wad be at the centre o poleetical an social life in the Law Kintras.

Breda's urban aurie is hame tae an estimatit 316,000 fowk (2008).

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns – Sister ceeties
Breda is twinned wi:
*  Wrocław in Poland 
*  Brussels in Belgium
*  Orange in Fraunce
*  Dillenburg in Germany

## References
Rønne

**Rønne** is the lairgest toun on the Dens island o Bornholm in the Baltic Sea. It has a population of 13,924 (1 Januar 2010). Ance a municipality in its awn richt, it is nou the admeenistrative centre o the Bornholm municipality.

Awin tae its natural harbour an its strategic position in the Baltic Sea, Rønne haes an interestin history comin unner German an Swadish influence durin its development as a herrin fishin port. The day, wi its cobbled streets, hauf-timbered hooses an interestin museums, it attracts visitors mainly frae Denmark, Germany, Swaden an Poland.

## Sister ceeties
* Kuressaare
* Mänttä
* Høyanger
* Darlowo
* Wladyslawowo
* Karlshamn
* Ronneby
* Simrishamn
* Sölvesborg
* Neustadt
* Wolgast
* San Marino

## References

## Freemit airtins
*www.brk.dk *Bornholms Regions Kommune*
Chongqing

**Chongqing** (; Sichuanese Pinyin: *Cong<sup>2</sup>qin<sup>4</sup>*; Sichuanese pronunciation: ; Postal map spellin: **Chungking**) is a major ceety in soothwestern mainland Cheenae an ane o the five naitional central ceeties. Admeenistratively, it is ane o the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae's fower direct-controlled municipalities (the ither three are Beijing, Shanghai an Tianjin), an the ae such municipality in wastren Cheenae.

The municipality wis creatit on 14 Mairch 1997, succeedin the sub-provincial ceety admeenistration that wis pairt o Sichuan Province. In 2007, the municipality o Chongqing haed a population o 31.4 million.  It haes jurisdiction ower 19 destricts, 17 coonties, an fower autonomous coonties.  Wi an aurie o 82,300&nbsp;km² (31,800&nbsp;mi²), it is the lairgest direct-controlled municipality, lairger even than ane province an an autonomous region, as well as Taiwan. It is possibly the warld's lairgest municipality bi population an ane o the lairgest bi aurie.

The municipal abbreviation,  (Yú), wis approved bi the State Cooncil on 18 Aprile 1997. Chongqing wis an aa a municipality o the Republic o Cheenae admeenistration, servin as its wartime caipital durin the Seicont Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945). Its abbreviatit name is derived frae the auld name o a pairt o the Jialing River that runs through Chongqing an feeds the Yangtze River.

The ceety is ane o the ceeties notable for history an cultur in Cheenae (历史文化名城), an notably, serves as the economic centre o the Upstream Yangtze aurie, a modren manufacturin centre an a transportation hub for Soothwast Cheenae. 

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns — sister ceeties
Chongqing is twinned wi:

Chongqing Municipality haes a Memorandum o Unnerstaundin (a form o twinnin arrangement) wi Wales, UK an became a 'sister region' o Wales in Mairch 2008.

In Juin 2007, a twinning agreement atween Chongqing an Sør-Trøndelag wis signed.

## References
Lens

**Lens** or **Lense** mey refer tae:

## Optics
*Lens (optics), an optical element which converges or diverges licht
**Lens (anatomy), a pairt o the eye
**Corrective lens for correction o human vision
***Contact lens, placed on the cornea o the eye
**Photographic lens, a lens designed for uise on a camera

## Focusin o ither radiation an forces
*Gravitational lens, a massive astronomical object
*Electrostatic lens, a device uised tae focus or collimate electron beams
*Explosive lens, a shaped explosive chairge wi focused blast
*Microwave lens, uised tae focus microwave radiation in slotted waveguide antennas

## Lentil-shaped things
*Lens (genus), the genus o the lentil plant
*Lens (geometry), a geometric shape formed frae twa aircs
*Lens (geology), a body o ore or rock that is thick in the middle an thin at the edges
*Lens (hydrology), a layer o fresh water derived frae rainfall, owerlyin saline grundwater

## Places
*Arrondissement o Lens, in the *département* o Pas-de-Calais, Fraunce
**Lens, Pas-de-Calais, a *commune* in that arrondissement
***RC Lens, its association fitbaa club
*Lens, Belgium
*Lens, Valais, Swisserland

## Fowk
*Louis Lens, Flemish rose breeder
*Nicholas Lens, Belgian composer
*Josef Lense, pheesicist

## Ither uises
*Laser engineered net shapin, a rapid prototypin technology capable o biggin fully-dense metal pairts
*Perspective (cognitive)
*Lens, a fictional alien device in E. E. Smith's Lensman series
Cucq

**Cucq** (offeecially cried is **Cucq-Trépied-Stella-Plage**) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais depairtment in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region o Fraunce.
## Geografie
Cucq is made up o three veelages: Cucq itsel, the seicont veelage o Trépied in the north an the coastal resort o Stella-Plage tae the wast.

## History
Durin the Merovingian period, the terrain presently occupied bi Cucq, Le Touquet, Merlimont an Berck wis aither mairshland or tidal.

Little bi little, the sea athdrew an the mairshes wur covered bi saund an the dunes.
The gress-covered dunes o Cucq an Trépied are the result o centuries o coastal movement.  The saund o the lawer beach, blown bi the wind at law tide, accumulatit tae form a cordon o dunes alang the coast.

### Oreegins o the names o Cucq an Trépied
Cucq or Cuc in Celtic meant "height, hill" or in Laitin "fortified".  The toun wis oreeginally situatit on a dune slichtly heicher than ithers in the vicinity, frae which the comparison an the name o Cucq or Cuck or Cucques haes evolved.

Trépied is sae-cried acause o the triangular ootline o the toun.

### Creation o Le Touquet
In 1819, the govrenment decidit tae sell the land o the umwhile domain o the Abbey o St. Josse, confiscatit at the time o the French Revolution. 1600 hectares o the warrens o Trépied wur sauld in 1837 tae Jean-Baptiste Daloz. Pine trees wur plantit ower the entire plot o land. Maist o this aurie became better-kent later as Le Touquet, a separate commune, in 1912.

On the banks o the river Canche, the harbour o Trépied ance boastit mair nor thirty fishin boats. 150 men lived frae the sea, supplyin fish tae the mercats o Amiens, Abbeville an Beauvais.
### Stella-Plage
Durin the 20t century, Stella-Plage stairtit tae emerge as a tourist toun.
Frae 1914 tae 1920, plans for the fundation o Stella-Plage wur put on hauld bi Warld War I but frae 1925, Stella wis inauguratit as a "Climatic Station" an attractit holiday-makers frae Paris an Lille.

Warld War II saw Stella razed tae the grund, save for twa villas, that remained intact at the end o the conflict.

## Population

## Places o interest
Early each Februar, the beach is the scene o the motor-bike races kent as the Enduropal (umwhile the Enduro o Le Touquet).

## Notable fowk
* Matthieu Bataille, judo champion o Fraunce 2006 an bronze medallist at the Judo Warld Championship 2007
* Pauline Parmentier, professional tennis player
* Michael Curtis "Yogi" Stewart, played in the NBA basketbaw league for the Atlanta Hawks
* Pauline Crammer, weemen's fitbaa player
* Ophélie David, skier

## See also
*Communes of the Pas-de-Calais department

## References
* INSEE commune file

## Freemit airtins
* Cucq on the Quid website  
* Tourism Office o Stella-Plage
Lens, Pas-de-Calais

**Lens** () is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais depairtment in northren Fraunce. It is ane o Fraunce's muckle *[[Picard leid|Picarde]]* ceeties alang wi Lille, Valenciennes, Amiens, Roubaix, Tourcoing, Arras, an Douai.

## Metropolitan aurie
Lens belangs tae the intercommunality o Lens-Liévin, which consists o 36 communes, wi a total population o 250,000.
Lens, alang wi Douai, forms the metropolitan aurie o Douai-Lens, whose population at the 1999 census wis 552,682.

## Economy
Lens is an industrial ceety an haes a lang history o coal minin. Surroondin the toun are mony muckle slag heaps, evidence o ower a hunder years o minin, which came tae an end in the 1960s.

The ceety supports a top-level fitbaa team, Racing Club de Lens.

## History
In the 1520s, Lens wis pairt o the Spainyie Netherlands, an anerlie passed back tae Fraunce in 1659.

In 1849, coal wis discovered in Lens, leadin tae the expansion o the ceety, becomin an important industrial center.

At Vimy, a sma toun vera close tae Lens, are the Vimy Memorial an Vimy Ridge.

Frae 2012, Lens will an aa be the location o the Louvre-Lens.

## Notable fowk
* Émile Basly, trade unionist then mayor o the city, dee'd there in 1928
* Maurice Garin, first winner o Tour de France, dee'd there in 1957
* Jamila M'Barek, Coontess o Shaftesbury, born there in c. 1961

## Gallery

Image:Pas de Calais est.png|East o Pas-de-Calais (Béthune, Lens, Hénin-Beaumont)
Image:Lens-eglise.jpg|Lens kirk
Image:Lens-ruepietonne.jpg|Main shoppin destrict


## See an aa
* Stade Félix Bollaert
*Communes o the Pas-de-Calais depairtment

## References
* INSEE commune file

## Freemit airtins
* Offeecial wabsteid 
* Communauté d'Agglomeration o Lens-Liévin
Ben Arous

**Ben Arous** () a costal toun in northeastren Tunisie. It is locatit at aroond  an is the caipital o the Ben Arous Govrenorate.

## History
The plain o Sidi Fathallah bears the name o a Muslim saunt who dee'd in 1444 an deemed tae cure sterility in women. His zaouïa then gives birth tae a hamlet near which passes the road frae Tunis tae Sousse. This plain, which extends atween the Jebel Kharrouba an hills Mégrine an Rades, haes certainly been the scene o the Battle o the Ad Decimum, endin the domination vandal, which is wan bi Belisarius, general o the Byzantine airmy, 13 September 533.

Durin the French protectorate (1881-1956), Ben Arous named efter Fochville in its upper pairt (hill soothwast o the railway Tunis - Bir Kassaâ) an Ben Arous north-east o the railway. The first pairt is populatit maistly employees o the Company farmer Tunisian Railway Company whose warehoose is locatit in Sidi Fathallah, while the seicont is populated maistly employees who wirk in Tunis, sma merchants an mair recent immigrants who hae acquired French naitionality or no. The plain atween Ben Arous an Mégrine, north-east an the hills atween the road Bir Kassaâ an Zaghouan, sooth-east, are then occupied bi grain crops, the product is stored in grain silos o the Railway Station Bir Kassaâ, an vineyards.

The day, this plain locatit on the ootskirts o Tunis haes a distinctly hame tae mony industrial an fuid processin plants an extensive rail an automotive wirkshops that encouraged the creation o hoosin estates.
Shubra El-Kheima

**Shubra El-Kheima** (; spelt **Shubra El Kheima**, **Shubra El Khayma**, or **Shubra elKhayma** an aw) is the fowert lairgest ceety in Egyp. It is locatit at Al Qalyubiyah govrenorate. The ceety is locatit in the north o Greater Cairo an is pairt o its agglomeration, Greater Cairo. The ceety is kent tae be inhabitatit bi wirkers (an thair families) who hae wirked in surroondin factories syne the 1940s, but nou it represents the great expansion o Greater Cairo tae the north an the big station o rural immigration. Its population is aroond 3.5 million.

## Attractions
Shobra Elkheima hosts the famous Mohamed Ali Palace o Mehmet Ali pasha the Albanian leader o Egyp.
Suez

**Suez**  ()  is a seaport toun (population ca. 497,000) in north-eastren Egyp, locatit on the north coast o the Gulf o Suez, near the soothren terminus o the Suez Canal, haein the same bundaries as Suez govrenorate.  It haes twa harbors, Port Ibrahim an Port Tawfiq, an extensive port facilities. Thegither they form a metropolitan aurie.
Railway lines an hieways connect the ceety wi Cairo, Port Said an Ismailia.  Suez haes a petrochemical plant, an its oil refineries hae pipelines carryin the finished product tae Cairo.

Suez is a wey station for Muslim pilgrims travellin tae an frae Mecca.

## History
In the 7t century a toun (kent as **Clysma** or **Kolzum**) near the site o present-day Suez wis the eastren terminus o a canal linkin the Nile River an the Red Sea. In the 16t century Suez wis a Turkish naval station.

Its importance as a port increased efter the Suez Canal opened in 1869. The ceety wis virtually destroyed durin battles in the late 1960s an early 1970s atween Egyptian an Israeli forces occupyin the Sinai Peninsula. The toun wis desertit follaein the Third Arab-Israeli War in 1967. Reconstruction o Suez began suin efter Egyp reopened the Suez Canal, follaein the October 1973 war wi Israel.

## Suez Canal

There wis a canal frae the Nile delta tae the Gulf o Suez in auncient times, when the gulf extendit further north than it does the day. This fell inae disuise, an the present canal wis built in the nineteent century.

The Suez Canal affers a significantly shorter passage for ships than passin roond the Cape o Guid Howp. The construction o the Suez Canal wis favoured bi the natural conditions o the region: the comparatively short distance atween the Mediterranean an the Red Sea, the occurrence o a line o lakes or depressions which became lakes (Lake Manzala in the north, an depressions, Timsah an the Bitter Lakes, pairt way alang the route), an the generally flat terrain. The construction of the canal wis proposed bi the ingineer an French diplomat Ferdinand de Lesseps, who acquired frae Said Pasha the richts o constructin an operatin the canal for a period o 99 years. The *Compagnie Universelle du Canal Maritime de Suez* wis formed. Construction teuk 11 years, an the canal opened on 17 November 1869. The canal haed an immediate an dramatic effect on warld trade.

In 1956 Egyptian preses Gamal Abdel Nasser naitionalised the canal, provokin the Suez Crisis. Follaein the Arab-Israeli war o 1967, the canal wis closed, an reopened in 1975.

The day, the canal is a vital link in warld trade, an contributes significantly tae the Egyptian economy; in 2009 the income generatit frae the canal accoontit for 3.7% o Egyp's GDP.

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns — Sister ceeties
Suez is twinned with:
*  Skopje, Macedonie

## References
Abu Qirqas

**Abu Qirqas** is an Egyptian "Markaz" Region locatit in the Minya Govrenorate. It is locatit on the wast bank o the Nile, opposite o the historic site o Beni Hasan.

The population o Abu Qirqas is aroond 400,000. The ceety haes an important succar factory.

Abu Qirqas comprises aicht local admeenistrative units:
* **[[Abu Qirqas el-Balad]]**
* Abioha
* Atlidem
* Beni Ebeid
* Beni Hasan el-Shorouk
* Beni Moussa
* Greis
* Nazlet asmant
Abutig

**Abutig** (**أبو تيج**) is a ceety in Egyp. It is locatit on the wast bank o the Nile, in the Asyut Govrenorate. Its population is aroond 440,000.

It is characterized bi historical an auncient hooses, which is attributit tae age an Alohnas Pharaonic, Coptic, Islamic an Islamic place o worship as fowk caw El Vergel. Famous fowk Obotej generosity an luve o the guests are Obotej ceety commercial, industrial, whaur the business o sellin wholesale tae the spread o the timber industry an thare is a branch o the Arab Company for Cotton Ginning, as well as a branch o the company East (Eastern Company) tae trade fumes an factory for the production o aluminum an thare are a factory tae fill an import o tea (Tea the key an the Royal Club an Company) an thare is an industrial aurie in the veelage o carpets an thare's Babotij zoo cawed gairden Nasser, thare flocked bi visitors frae aw ower the govrenorates an neighborin govrenorates, especially in events an festivals an on the banks o the Nile in front o the Obotej hospital central an ane o the lairgest hospitals in the centers o the govrenorate.
6t o October Govrenorate

**6t o October Govrenorate** () wis ane o the govrenorates o Egyp. It is in the middle region o the kintra (Middle Egyp) , it is locatit wast o the Nile Valley. It wis umwhile a pairt o the Giza Govrenorate, but it wis declared a separate govrenorate in Aprile 2008.

## Ceeties
* 6t o October Ceety
* Sheikh Zayed Ceety

## Geography
6t o October is traversed bi the northeasterly line o equal latitude an langitude.
Sheikh Zayed Ceety

**Sheikh Zayed Ceety** (Arabic, مدينة الشيخ زايد) is a ceety in 6t o October Govrenorate an ane o the new suburbs o the Greater Cairo metropolis in Egyp. The ceety, wis established in 1995.

## Geography

The ceety is aboot 15&nbsp;km away frae Lebanon Square, Mohandiseen Destrict. The ceety is bordered on the north bi the Cairo - Alexandria desert road, on the sooth bi the 26 Julie Corridor, an on the wast bi the neighborin 6t o October Ceety. The ceety is pairt o 6t o October Govrenorate an is dividit intae 20 destricts wi 4 neighborhuids in each destrict. Sheikh Zayed Ceety is 226 abuin mean sea level.

## Sources
*http://www.zayedsh.com 
*http://www.urban-comm.gov.eg/zaied.asp
State o the Unitit States

A **U.S. state** (abbreviation o **Unitit States state**) is ony o the 50 federatit states o the Unitit States o Americae that share sovereignty wi the federal govrenment. Acause o this shared sovereignty, an American is a citizen baith o the federal entity an o his or her state o domicile. Fower states uise the offeecial title o *[[Commonweel (U.S. state)|commonweel]]* rather than *state*. State ceetizenship is flexible an no govrenment approval is required tae muive atween states (wi the exception o convicts on parole).

The Unitit States Constitution allocates pouer atween thon twa levels o govrenment. Bi ratifyin the Constitution, the fowk transferred certain limited sovereign pouers tae the federal govrenment frae thair states. Unner the Tenth Amendment, aw pouers no delegatit tae the U.S. govrenment nor prohibitit tae the states are retained bi the states or the fowk. Historically, the tasks o public safety (in the sense o controllin creeme), public eddication, public heal, transportation, an infrastructur hae generally been considered primarily state responsibilities, awtho aw o thir nou hae significant federal fundin an regulation as well (based lairgely upon the Commerce Clause, the Taxin an Spendin Clause, an the Necessary an Proper Clause o the Constitution).
 
Ower time, the Constitution haes been amendit, an the interpretation an application o its provisions haes chynged. The general tendency haes been toward centralization an incorporation, wi the federal govrenment playin a muckler role nor it ance did. Thare is a continuin debate ower states' richts, that concerns the extent an naitur o the states' pouers an sovereignty in relation tae the federal govrenment as weel as the richts o individual bodys.

Congress micht admit new states on an equal fittin wi existin anes; housomeivver, it haesnae duin sae syne 1959. The Constitution is silent on the quaisten o gin states hae the pouer tae unilaterally lea, or secede frae, the Union, but the Supreme Court haes ruled secession tae be unconstitutional, a poseetion driven in pairt bi the ootcome o the American Ceevil War.

## States

## Notes

## References

## Further readin
* Stein, Mark, *How the States Got Their Shapes*, New York : Smithsonian Beuks/Collins, 2008. ISBN 978-0-06-143138-8

## Freemit airtins
* Information aboot Aw States  frae *UCB Libraries GovPubs*
* State Resource Guides, frae the Library o Congress
* Tables wi auries, populations, densities an mair (in order o population) 
* Tables with areas, populations, densities and more (alphabetical) 
* State an Territorial Govrenments on USA.gov
* StateMaster&nbsp;– statistical database for US States. 
* U.S. States: Comparisons, rankins, demographics
Mongomo

**Mongomo** is a ceety in Wele-Nzas Province in mainland Equatorial Guinea.

Frae Mongomo oreeginate the naition's first preses Francisco Macías Nguema an o the current Preses Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, hence the name the **clan o Mongomo** tae define those belangin tae his rulin clique.

The aurie is hame tae Mongomo Provincial Hospital.

The Mongomo Hotel is locatit in Kos Ete, Mongomo.

Mongomo's fitball club is Deportivo Mongomo, active in the Equatoguinean Premier League.

## References
North Sinai Govrenorate

**North Sinai Govrenorate** () is ane o the govrenorates o Egyp. It is locatit in the east o the kintra, encompassin the northren hauf o the Sinai Peninsula. Its caipital is the ceety o Arish.

## Ceeties
*Arish
*Nekhel.

## Freemit airtins
*North Sinai Govrenorate  Offeecial wabsteid
Sooth Sinai Govrenorate

**Sooth Sinai Govrenorate** () is the least populatit govrenorate o Egyp. It is locatit in the east o the kintra, encompassin the soothren hauf o the Sinai Peninsula.

## Ceeties

* Dahab
* Saunt Catherine
* Sharm el-Sheikh
* Taba
* El-Tor
* Nuweiba

## Freemit airtins
*Sooth Sinai Governorate  Offeecial wabsteid
Giza Govrenorate

**Giza Govrenorate** () is ane o the govrenorates o Egyp. It is in the centre o the kintra. Its caipital is the ceety o Giza. 6t o October Govrenorate wis separatit frae Giza Govrenorate on Aprile 17, 2008, but it wis merged back intae the Giza Govrenorate on Aprile 14, 2011.

## Ceeties
* Giza
* Memphis
*6th o October

## Important Sites
* Abousir
* Bahariya Oasis
Helwan Govrenorate

**Helwan Govrenorate** () wis ane o the govrenorates o Egyp, locatit in Lawer Egyp.

## History
In Aprile 2008, the admeenistrative diveesion o the Cairo Govrenorate wis split intae Cairo an Helwan, wi Helwan encompassin maist o the suburbs o Cairo. Helwan became the caipital o the new Helwan govrenorate.

## Ceeties
*Helwan
*Atfih
Airms o Canadae

The **Airms o Canadae ** (kent as the **Ryal Coat o Airms o Canadae** an aa or formally as the **Airms o His/Her Majesty in Richt o Canadae**) is, syne 1921, the offeecial coat o airms o the Canadian monarch, an o the hale o Canadae. It is closely modelled efter the ryal coat o airms o the Unitit Kinrick wi distinctive Canadian elements replacin or addit tae thaim that is derived frae the Breetish.

The maple Leafs in the shield, blazoned "proper", wis oreeginally drawn vert (green) but wis redrawn gules (reid) in 1957. A circlet o the Order o Canadae wis addit tae the airms for limitit uise in 1987. The shield design forms the Royal Standard o Canadae, an the shield is foond on the Canadian Red Ensign. The Banner o the Govrenor General o Canadae, whilk umwhile uised the shield ower the Union Banner, nou uises the crest o the airms on a blue field.


Royal Coat of Arms of Canada (1921–1957).svg|1921–1957
Royal Coat of Arms of Canada (1957–1994).svg|1957–1994
Royal Coat of Arms of Canada.svg|1994


## References
Banner o Canadae

The **Naitional Banner o Canadae**, forby kent as the **Maple Leaf**, an ****** (French for "the ane-leafed"), is a reid banner wi a white square in its centre, featurin a stylized 11-pynt reid maple leaf. Its adoption in 1965 markit the first time a naitional banner haed been offeecially adopt in Canadae tae replace the Union Banner. The Canadian Red Ensign haed been unoffeecially uised syne the 1890s an wis approved bi a 1945 Order-in-Cooncil for uise "whitiver place or occasion mey mak it desirable tae fly a distinctive Canadian banner". In 1964, Prime Meenister Lester B. Pearson appointit a committee tae redd up the issue, sparkin a serious debate aboot a banner chynge. Oot o three choices, the maple leaf design bi George F. G. Stanley an John Matheson based on the banner o the Ryal Military College of Canada wis selectit. The banner made its first appearance on Februar 15, 1965; the date is nou celebratit annually as Naitional Banner o Canadae Day. 

Mony different banners hae been creatit for uise bi Canadian offeecials, govrenment bodies, an military forces. Maist o these banners contain the maple leaf motif in some fashion, aither bi haein the Canadian banner chairged in the canton, or bi includin maple leafs in the design. The Ryal Union Banner is an offeecial banner in Canadae an aa, uised as a seembol of Canadae's membership in the Commonweel o Naitions, an o its allegiance tae the Croun. The Union Banner remains a component o ither Canadian banners, includin the provincial banners o Breetish Columbie, Manitoba an Ontario.

## References
Málaga

**Málaga** () is a ceety an a municipality in the autonomous commonty o Andalusie, Spain. Wi a population o 568,305 in 2009, it is the seicont maist lairgest ceety o Andalusie an the saxt lairgest in the kintra. This is the soothrenmaist lairge ceety in Europe. It lies on the Costa del Sol (*Coast o the Sun*) o the Mediterranean Sea, aboot 100&nbsp;km (62.14&nbsp;mi) east o the Strait o Gibraltar an aboot 130&nbsp;km (80.78&nbsp;mi) north o Africae.

Málaga enjoys a subtropical climate. Here are ane o the warmest winters in Europe, wi average temperatures o 17&nbsp;°C (62.6&nbsp;°F) durin the day an 7–8&nbsp;°C (45–46&nbsp;°F) at nicht in the period frae December tae Februar. The simmer's saison lasts aboot 8 month, frae Aprile tae November, although an aa in remainin 4 month temperatures sometimes reach aroond 20&nbsp;°C (68.0&nbsp;°F).

Málaga's history spans aboot 2,700 year an is ane o the auldest ceeties in the warld. It wis foondit bi the Phoenicians as *Malaka* aboot 770 BC, frae the 6t century BC in Auncient Carthage, frae 218 BC - Roman Republic an later Roman Empire (as laitin *Malaca*), efter the fall o the empire o the 800 year unner the domination o Arabs (as *Mālaqah* (**مالقة**)), frae 1487 unner the dominion o the Spaniards. The archaeological remains an monuments frae the Phoenician, Roman, Arabian an Christian eras convert the historic center intae an "Open Museum" displayin its rich history o mair nor 3,000 year.

The internaitionally acclaimed painter an sculptor Pablo Picasso an actor Antonio Banderas wur born in Malaga.

The maist important business sectors in Málaga are Tourism, Construction an Technology Services, but ither sectors such as Transportation an Logistics are beginnin tae expand. The Technology Pairk o Andalusia (PTA), locatit in Málaga, haes enjoyed significant growth syne its inauguration in 1992. As o 2009, this hie-tech, science an industrial pairk is hame tae 509 companies an employs ower 13,600 fowk.

## Twin touns — sister ceeties

Málaga is twinned wi:

*  Bergen, Norawa
*  El Aaiún, Wastren Sahara
*  Faro, Portugal
*  Galveston,  Unitit States
*  Guadalajara, Mexico
*  Manila, Philippines
*  Passau, Germany
*  Tyre, Lebanon

## References
Akkol

**Akkol** (), umwhile kent as *Alexeyevka* (, till 1997), is a toun in northren Kazakhstan. It is locatit 100&nbsp;km north o the naitional caipital Astana. The toun is the admeenistrative centre o Akkol Destrict o Akmola Province, an haes a population o 30,230 (2007). Maist o the fowk are Kazakhs an Roushies. Thare are smawer minorities o Ukrainians an Germans.
Luxor Govrenorate

**Luxor Govrenorate** () haes been ane o Egyp's govrenorates since December 7, 2009. It is locatit 635&nbsp;km sooth o Cairo. It is the smawest govrenorate in Egyp, spannin approximately 5&nbsp;km frae north tae sooth, an 1.5&nbsp;km frae east tae wast. It lies in Upper Egyp alang the Nile. The ceety o Luxor is the caipital o the Luxor govrenorate. Ither ceeties in the govrenorate include Armant an Esna. The naitional day is the 7t o December, commemoratin the establishment o the govrenorate.

## Emblem
The emblem o Luxor represents the bust o Tutankhamen on board of an Auncient Egyptian canoe boat, cruisin in the Nile, wi an obelisk an the sun licht in the backgrund.

## Geography
The govrenorate's total aurie is 2409.68 km2, representin 0.24% o the kintra's aurie.

## Demographics
As o 2006 census, the population o Luxor govrenorate is 451,318 fowk. 47.4% o them live in urban auries, while 52.6% live in rural auries. The population growth rate is 18.2 per thoosan.

## References
Mohamed El-Gawady (2001) Governorates of Egypt



## Freemit airtins
* Ceety o Luxor  Offeecial wabsteid
Suez Govrenorate

**Suez Governorate** () is ane o the governorates o Egyp. It is locatit in the northeast o the kintra an is coterminous wi the ceety o Suez. It is situatit north o the Gulf o Suez.

## Ports
Thare are five ports in the Suez Govrenorate, namely El-Sokhna port, Tewfiq port, Adabeya port, petrol basin port, an El-Atka fishin port.

## Natural Resources
Natural resoorces in the Suez Govrenorate include limestane, clay, coal, petroleum, marble, an lime.

## Exports
The chief exports o Suez are papayas.

## Tourist attractions
*Ein El-Sokhna, a weel kent recreational an medical destination.
*Moses' springs
*Judaic Hill at El-Khoor.

## Public Free Zone
In 1975, the Suez Public Free Zone wis established. It is dividit atween twa main locations:
*Port Tewfik.
*Adabeya.

## See an aa
* Suez Canal
* Suez crisis

## Freemit airtin
*Offeecial wabsteid 
*Meenistry o Trade an Industry Free Zones site