open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
John Major

**Sir John Major**,  (born 29 Mairch 1943) is a Breetish Conservative Pairty politeecian who served as Prime Meenister o the Unitit Kinrick an Leader o the Conservative Pairty frae 1990 tae 1997. He served as Furrin Secretar an then Chancellor o the Exchequer in the Thatcher Govrenment frae 1989 tae 1990, an wis the Member o Pairlament (MP) for Huntingdon frae 1979 till his retirement in 2001. Syne the daith o Margaret Thatcher in 2013, he haes been the auldest leevin umwhile Prime Meenister.

Born in St Helier, Surrey, Major grew up in Brixton. He ineetially wirked as an insurance clark, an then at the London Electricity Board, afore acomin an executive at Standard Chartered. He wis first electit tae the Hoose o Commons at the 1979 general election as the Member o Pairlament for Huntingdon. He served as a Pairlamentar Preevat Secretary, Assistant Whip an as a Meenister for Social Security. In 1987, he wis appyntit Chief Secretar tae the Thesaury, an then as Furrin Secretar twa years later. Juist three month later in October 1989, he wis promotit tae Chancellor o the Exchequer, whaur he presentit the 1990 budget.

Major becam Prime Meenister efter Thatcher's reluctant resignation in November 1990. He presidit ower Breetish pairteecipation in the Gulf War in Mairch 1991, an negotiatit the Maastricht Treaty in December 1991. He went on tae lead the Conservatives tae a record fowert consecutive electoral veectory, winnin the maist votes in Breetish electoral history wi ower 14,000,000 votes at the 1992 general election, awbeit wi a reduced majority in the Hoose o Commons. Shortly efter this, even tho a staunch supporter o the Excheenge Rate Mechanism (ERM), his govrenment becam responsible for Breetish exit frae the ERM efter Black Wadensday on 16 September 1992. This event led tae a loss o confidence in Conservative economic policies an Major wis niver able tae achieve a lead in opeenion polls again.

Despite the eventual revival o economic growthe amangst ether successes sic as the beginnings o the Northren Ireland peace process, bi the mid-1990s, the Conservative Pairty wis embroiled in scandals involvin various MPs (includin cabinet meenisters). Creeticism o Major's leadership reached sic a pitch that he chuise tae resign as pairty leader in Juin 1995, challengin his creetics tae aither back him or challenge him; he wis duly challenged bi John Redwood but wis easy re-electit. Bi this time, the Labour Pairty haed abandoned its socialist ideology an muived tae the centre unner the leadership o Tony Blair an wan a laorge nummer o bi-elections, eventually deprivin Major's govrenment o a pairlamentar majority in December 1996. Major went on tae lose the 1997 general election five month later, in ane o the lairgest electoral defeats syne the Great Reform Act o 1832.

Major wis succeedit bi William Hague as Leader o the Conservative Pairty in Juin 1997. He went on tae retire frae active politics, leavin the Hoose o Commons at the 2001 general election. In 1999, a BBC poll o 20t-century UK Prime Meenisters ranked him 17t.

## References
Zhou Enlai

**Zhou Enlai** () IPA:  (5 Mairch 1898 – 8 Januar 1976) wis the first Premier o the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae, servin frae October 1949 till his daith in Januar 1976.

## References
Phenol

**Phenol**, kent as **carbolic acid** an aw, is an aromatic organic compoond wi the molecular formula C6H5OH.

## References
Oban

**Oban** ( ; *An t-Òban* in Scots Gaelic meanin *The Little Bay*) is a resort toun athin the Argyll an Bute cooncil area o Scotland.

Oban railwey station is on the West Highland Line.

## References
Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna o Roushie

**Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna o Roushie** (, *Velikaya Knyazhna Anastasiya Nikolayevna Romanova*) ( – Julie 17, 1918) wis the youngest dauchter o Tsar Nicholas II, the last sovereign o Imperial Roushie, an his wife, Tsarina Alexandra Fyodorovna.
Cheka

**Cheka** (**ЧК** – чрезвыча́йная коми́ссия *chrezvychaynaya komissiya*, Emergency Committee, ) wis the first o a succession o Soviet state security organisations. It wis creatit on December 20, 1917, efter a decree issued bi Vladimir Lenin, an wis subsequently led bi Felix Dzerzhinsky, a Pols aristocrat turned communist.

## References
Franjo Tuđman

**Franjo Tuđman** (; 14 Mey 1922&nbsp;– 10 December 1999) wis a Croatie politeecian an historian. Follaein the kintra's unthirldom frae Yugoslavie he acame the first Preses o Croatie.

## References
UTC+08:30

**UTC+08:30** is an identifier for a time affset frae UTC o +08:30. This time is uised in:

## As staundart time (aw year roond)

### East Asie
*North Korea - Pyongyang Time

## Freemit airtins
*Find cities currently in UTC+08:30
Fulgencio Batista

**Fulgencio Batista Zaldívar** (; Januar 16, 1901 – August 6, 1973) wis the electit Preses o Cuba frae 1940 tae 1944, an dictator frae 1952 tae 1959, afore bein owerthrown during the Cuban Revolution.

## References
Léopold Sédar Senghor

**Léopold Sédar Senghor** (9 October 1906 – 20 December 2001) wis a Senegalese poet, politeecian, an cultural theorist who for twa decades served as the first preses o Senegal (1960&ndash;80).
Ashurbanipal

**Ashurbanipal** (; ; 'Ashur is the creator o an heir'; 668 BC&nbsp;– c. 627 BC), an aa spelled **Assurbanipal** or **Ashshurbanipal**, wis an Assirie king, the son o Esarhaddon an the last strang keeng o the Neo-Assyrian Empire (934–609 BC).

## References
Assirie

**Assirie**, a major Mesopotamian East Semitic kinrick an empire o the Auncient Near East, existit as an independent state for a period o approximately nineteen centuries, frae the 25t century BC tae 605 BC, spannin the mid tae Early Bronze Age throu tae the late Airn Age.
Sennacherib

**Sennacherib** (; Akkadian: **Sîn-ahhī-erība**, "Sîn has increased the brothers"), king o Assirie 705&nbsp;BCE–681&nbsp;BCE, is remembered for his militar campaigns against Babylon an Judah an for his biggin programs, notably at his caipital Nineveh.

## References
Ashur (god)

**Ashur** (an aa, **Assur**, **Aššur**; written *A-šur*, an aa *Aš-šùr*) is an East Semitic god, an the heid o the Assirien pantheon in Mesopotamian relegion, worshipped mainly in the northren hauf o Mesopotamia, an pairts o north-east Sirie an sooth east Asie Minor which constitutit auld Assirie.
Rudolf, Croun Prince o Austrick

**Rudolf** (21 August 1858 &ndash; 30 Januar 1889), who wis Airchduke o Austrick an Croun Prince o Austrick-Hungary, wis the heir apparent tae the Austro-Hungarian Empire frae birth. In 1889, he died in a suicide pact wi his mistress, Baroness Mary Vetsera, at the Mayerling huntin lodge. The ensuin scandal made internaitional heidlines. He wis named efter the first Habsburg, Haly Roman Emperor o 1273 

## Teetles an styles

***21 August 1858 – 30 Januar 1889** : *His [[Imperial an Ryal Highness]]* The Croun Prince o Austrick, Hungary, Bohemie an Croatie.

## References
Empress Elisabeth o Austrick

**Elisabeth o Austrick** (24 December 1837 – 10 September 1898) wis the wife o Emperor Franz Joseph I, an thus Empress o Austrick, Queen o Hungary an Queen consort o Croatie an Bohemie.

## Issue
# Airchduchess Sophie o Austrick (5 Mairch 1855 – 29 Mey 1857) died young. 
# Airchduchess Gisela o Austrick (12 Julie 1856 – 27 Julie 1932) mairit Prince Leopold o Bavarie an haed issue.
# Airchduke Rudolf o Austrick, "Croun Prince o Austrick"  (21 August 1858 – 30 Januar 1889) mairit Princess Stéphanie o Belgium an haed issue. 
# Airchduchess Marie Valerie o Austrick (22 Apryle 1868 – 6 September 1924) mairit Airchduke Franz Salvator o Austrick an haed issue.

## Teetles an styles
* **24 December 1837 – 24 Aprile 1854**: *Her [[Ryal Highness]]* Duchess Elisabeth in Bavarie.
* **24 Aprile 1854 – 10 September 1898**: *Her Imperial an Ryal Apostolic Majesty* The Empress o Austrick, Apostolic Queen o Hungary.
Créteil

**Créteil** () is a commune in the sootheastren suburbs o Paris, Fraunce. It is locatit  frae the centre o Paris.

## Internaitional relations
Créteil is twinned wi:

## References
Hartebeest

The **hartebeest** (*Alcelaphus buselaphus*) is an African species o gressland antelope, first describit bi Peter Simon Pallas in 1766.

## References
Oedipus

**Oedipus** ( *Oidípous* meanin "swollen fit") wis a meethical Greek keeng of Thebes, the son an killer o Laius, son an consort o Jocasta, an faither an sibling o Polynices, Eteocles, Antigone, an Ismene. A tragic hero in Greek meethology, Oedipus accidentally fulfilled the prophecy, despite his efforts nae tae, that he would end up killin his faither an marryin his mither, tharebi bringin disaster tae his ceety an faimily.
Versailles (ceety)

**Versailles** ( or ) is a ceety in the depairtment o the Yvelines, Île-de-France, renained warldwide for its castle, the palace an the gairdens o Versailles, designatit UNESCO Warld Heritage Steids. Accordin tae the 2008 census, the population o the ceety is 88,641 indwallers, doun frae a peak o 94,145 in 1975.

## Education
The headquarters o the Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University are locatit in the ceety, as well as the ISIPCA, a post graduate schuil in perfume, cosmetics products an fuid flavor formulation.

### Twin touns – Sister ceeties
Versailles is twinned wi:
*  Taipei, Taiwan
*  Pushkin, Roushie
*  Nara, Japan
*  Gießen, Germany
*  Gyeongju, Korea

## References
Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke o Wellington

Field Marshal **Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke o Wellington**  (1 Mey 1769 – 14 September 1852), wis an Anglo-Erse soldier an statesman, an ane o the leadin militar an poleetical feegurs o 19t-century Britain. His defeat o Napoleon at the Battle o Waterloo in 1815 put him in the tap rank o Breetain's militar heroes.

Wellesley wis born in Dublin intae the Protestant Ascendancy in Ireland. He wis commissioned as an ensign in the Breetish Airmy in 1787, servin in Ireland as aide-de-camp tae twa successive Lairds Lieutenant o Ireland. He wis an aw electit as a Member o Pairlament in the Erse Hoose o Commons. He wis a colonel bi 1796 an saw action in the Netherlands an in Indie, whaur he focht in the Fowert Anglo-Mysore War at the Battle o Seringapatam. He wis appyntit govrenor o Seringapatam an Mysore in 1799 an, as a newly appyntit major-general, wan a decisive veectory ower the Maratha Confederacy at the Battle o Assaye in 1803.

Wellesley rose tae prominence as a general in the Peninsular campaign o the Napoleonic Wars, an wis promotit tae the rank o field marshal efter leadin the allied forces tae veectory again the French Empire at the Battle o Vitoria in 1813. Follaein Napoleon's exile in 1814, he served as the ambassador tae Fraunce an wis grantit a dukedom. In the Hunder Days in 1815, he commandit the allied airmy that, thegither wi a Proushie Airmy unner Blücher, defeatit Napoleon at Waterloo. Wellington's battle record is exemplary; he ultimately pairteecipatit in some 60 battles in the coorse o his militar career.

Wellington is famous for his adaptive defensive style o warfare, resultin in several veectories against numerically superior forces while minimisin his awn losses. He is regairdit as ane o the greatest defensive commanders o aw time, an mony o his tactics an battle plans are still studied in militar academies aroond the warld. Efter the end o his active militar career, he returned tae politics. He wis twice Breetish prime meenister as a member o the Tory pairty: frae 1828 tae 1830, an for a little less nor a month in 1834. He owersaw the passage o the Catholic Relief Act 1829, but opponed the Reform Act 1832. He conteenaed as ane o the leadin feegurs in the Hoose o Lairds till his reteerment an remeened Commander-in-Chief o the Breetish Airmy till his daith.

## References
Max von Laue

**Max Theodor Felix von Laue** (9 October 1879 – 24 Aprile 1960) wis a German physicist that won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1914 for his discovery o the diffraction o X-rays bi crystals. He forby refusit tae cooperate wi the Nazis.

## References
Gustav Kirchhoff

**Gustav Robert Kirchhoff** (12 Mairch 1824&nbsp;– 17 October 1887) wis a German physicist that contreibutit tae the fundamental unnerstaundin o electrical circuits, spectroscopy, an the emission o black-body radiation bi heatit objects.

## References
Hermann von Helmholtz

**Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz** (August 31, 1821&nbsp;– September 8, 1894) wis a German pheesician an pheesicist who made signeeficant contreibutions tae several widely varied auries o modren science.

## References
Victor Weisskopf

**Victor Frederick "Viki" Weisskopf** (September 19, 1908 – Aprile 22, 2002) wis an Austrick-born American theoretical pheesicist.

## References
Gustav Ludwig Hertz

**Gustav Ludwig Hertz** (22 Julie 1887 – 30 October 1975) wis a German experimental pheesicist an Nobel Prize winner, an a nephew o Heinrich Rudolf Hertz.
Aveyron

**Aveyron** (;  ) is a department locatit in the north-east o the Midi-Pyrenees region o soothren Fraunce named efter the Aveyron River.
Wilhelm von Humboldt

**Friedrich Wilhelm Christian Karl Ferdinand von Humboldt** (22 Juin 1767 – 8 Aprile 1835) wis a Proushie philosopher, govrenment functionary, diplomat, an foonder o the Humboldt Varsity o Berlin, which wis named efter him in 1949 (an an aa efter his brither, Alexander von Humboldt, a naituralist).

## References
Alexander von Humboldt

**Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt** (; 14 September 1769 – 6 Mey 1859) wis a Proushie geografer, naituralist, explorer, an influential proponent o romantic filosofie.
14t Dalai Lama

The **14t Dalai Lama** /ˌdæl.aɪˈlɑː.mə/ (releegious name: **Tenzin Gyatso**, shortened from **Jetsun Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso**, born **Lhamo Dondrub**, 6 Julie 1935) is the current Dalai Lama an is the langest-lived incumbent.

## Notes


## References
Frederick III, German Emperor

**Frederick III** (German: *Friedrich III., Deutscher [[Kaiser]] und König von Preußen*; 18 October 1831&nbsp;– 15 Juin 1888) wis German Emperor an King o Proushie for 99 days in 1888, the Year o the Three Emperors.

## Teetles an styles
***18 October 1831 – 2 Januar 1861** *His Ryal Highness* Prince Friedrich o Proushie.
***2 Januar 1861 – 18 Januar 1871** *[[His Ryal Highness]]* The Croun Prince o Proushie.
***18 Januar 1871 – 9 Mairch 1888** *His Imperial an Ryal Highness* The German Croun Prince, Croun Prince o Proushie.
***9 Mairch 1888 – 15 Juin 1888** *His Imperial an Ryal Majesty* The German Emperor, King o Proushie.
William I, German Emperor

**William I**, forby kent as **Wilhelm I**  (full name: *William Frederick Louis*, , 22 Mairch 1797 – 9 Mairch 1888), o the Hoose o Hohenzollern wis the Keeng o Proushie (2 Januar 1861 – 9 Mairch 1888) an the first German Emperor (18 Januar 1871 – 9 Mairch 1888), as well as the first Heid o State o a unitit Germany.

## Issue

# Prince Friedrich o Proushie, (later Keeng Friedrich III) (18 October 1831 – 15 Juin 1888) mairit Princess Victoria o the Unitit Kinrick, ''Princess Ryal''  (dochter o Queen Victoria) an haed issue.
# Princess Luise o Proushie (3 December 1838 – 23 Aprile 1923) mairit Friedrich I, Grand Duke o Baden an haed issue.

## Teetles an styles

* **22 Mairch 1797 – 2 Januar 1861** *[[His Ryal Highness]]* Prince Wilhelm o Proushie.
* **2 Januar 1861 – 18 Januar 1871** *His Majesty* The King o Proushie.
* **18 Januar 1871 – 9 Mairch 1888** *His Imperial an Ryal Majesty* The German Emperor, King o Proushie.

## References
Frederick William IV o Proushie

**Frederick William IV** (; 15 October 1795 – 2 Januar 1861), the eldest son an successor o Frederick William III o Proushie, reigned as King o Proushie frae 1840 tae 1861.

## References
Frederick William III o Proushie

**Frederick William III** () (3 August 1770 – 7 Juin 1840) wis king o Proushie frae 1797 tae 1840.

## Issue

#(dochter, no name) (1 October 1794  - 1 October 1794) stillborn
#Frederick William IV o Proushie (15 October 1795 - 2 Januar 1861) mairit Elisabeth Ludovika o Bavarie nae issue.
#William I, German Emperor  (22 Mairch 1797 - 9 Mairch 1888)  mairit Augusta o Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1811–1890) an haed issue. 
# Princess Charlotte o Proushie  (13 Julie 1798  - 1 November 1860) mairit Nicholas I o Roushie  an haed issue. 
#Princess Frederica o Proushie  (14 October 1799 - 30 Mairch  1800)  died in childhood.
# Prince Karl o Proushie (29 Juin 1801 - 21 Januar 1883) mairit Princess Marie o Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1808–1877) an haed issue. 
# Princess Alexandrine o Proushie  (23 Februar 1803 - 21 Aprile 1892)  mairit Paul Friedrich, Grand Duke o Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1800–1842) an haed childer. 
# Prince Ferdinand o Proushie  (13 December 1804 - 1 Aprile 1806)  died in childhood
# Princess Luise o Proushie (1 Februar 1808 - 6 December  1870)  mairit Prince Frederik o the Netherlands an haed issue.
#Prince Albert (Albrecht) o Proushie  (4 October 1809  -14 October 1872) mairit Princess Marianne o the Netherlands (1810 second to Rosalie von Rauch (1820–1879), Countess of Hohenau, haed issue.
Frederick William II o Proushie

**Frederick William II** (; 25 September 1744 – 16 November 1797) wis King o Proushie, frae 1786 till his daith.

## Issue
# Frederick William III o Proushie (1770–1840) mairit Luise o Mecklenburg-Strelitz an haed issue.
#  Princess Christine o Proushie (1772–1773)
# Prince Ludwig Karl o Proushie (1773–1796) mairit Friederike o Mecklenburg-Strelitz an haed issue.
# Princess Wilhelmine o Proushie (1774–1837)  mairit William I o the Netherlands an haed issue.
# Stillborn son (born and died 1777)
# Princess Auguste o Proushie (1780–1841); mairit William II, Elector o Hesse.
# Prince Henry o Proushie (1781–1846)
# Prince Wilhelm o Proushie (1783–1851) mairit Princess Marie Anna o Hesse-Homburg an haed issue.
Frederick William I o Proushie

**Frederick William I** () (14 August 1688 – 31 Mey 1740), kent as the 'Soldier King,' wis the Keeng in Proushie an Elector o Brandenburg frae 1713 till his daith.

## References
Tanganyika

**Tanganyika**  wis a sovereign state frae 1961 tae 1964. It wis situatit atween the Indian Ocean an the African Great Lochs o Loch Victoria, Loch Nyasa an Loch Tanganyika.
German East Africae

**German East Africae** () wis a German colony in the African Great Lochs region, which included whit are nou Burundi, Rwanda, an the mainland pairt o present Tanzanie (umwhile kent as Tanganyika).
Frederick William, Elector o Brandenburg

**Frederick William** () (16 Februar 1620 – 29 Aprile 1688) wis Elector o Brandenburg an Duke o Proushie – an thus ruler o Brandenburg-Proushie – frae 1640 till his daith.
Julius Nyerere

**Julius Kambarage Nyerere** (13 Aprile 1922 – 14 October 1999) wis a Tanzanian statesman who served as the leader o Tanzanie, an previously Tanganyika, frae 1960 till his retirement in 1985.

## References
Jakaya Kikwete

**Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete** (born 7 October 1950) is the fowerth Preses o Tanzanie, in office frae 2005 tae 2015.
Zoo

A **zoo** (short for **zoological pairk**, **zoological gairden**, or **ainimal pairk**, an cried a **menagerie** an aw) is a facility in which ainimals are confined within enclosurs, displayed tae the public, an in which thay mey be bred an aw.

## References
Henry Fonda

**Henry Jaynes "Hank" Fonda** (16 Mey 1905 – 12 August 1982) wis an American film an stage actor wi a career spannin mair nor five decade.

Fonda made his merk early as a Broadway actor. He appeared in 1938 in plays performed in White Plains, New York, wi Joan Tompkins. He made his Hollywood debut in 1935, an his career wis gien momentum efter his Academy Awaird-nominatit performance as Tom Joad in *[[The Grapes of Wrath (film)|The Grapes of Wrath]]*, a 1940 adaptation o John Steinbeck's novelle anent an Oklahoma faimily that muived wast in the Dust Bowl.

Ootthrou five decade in Hollywood, Fonda cultivatit a strang, appealin screen image in sic clessics as *[[The Ox-Bow Incident]]*, *[[Mister Roberts (1955 film)|Mister Roberts]]*, an *[[12 Angry Men (1957 film)|12 Angry Men]]*. Later, Fonda muived thewarts daurker epics siclik Sergio Leone's *[[Once Upon a Time in the West]]* an lichter roles in faimily comedies siclik *[[Yours, Mine and Ours (1968 film)|Yours, Mine and Ours]]* wi Lucille Ball, winnin the Academy Awaird for Best Actor at the 54t Academy Awards for the movie *[[On Golden Pond (1981 film)|On Golden Pond]]*, his feenal film role.

Fonda wis the patriarch o a faimily o kenspeckle actors, includin dochter Jane Fonda, son Peter Fonda, granddochter Bridget Fonda, an grandson Troy Garity. His faimily an close friends cried him "Hank". In 1999, he wis named the saxt-Greatest Male Star o Aw Time bi the American Film Institute.

## References
Larry Hagman

**Larry Martin Hagman** (September 21, 1931 November 23, 2012) wis an American film an telly actor, director an producer best kent for playin ruthless ile baron J. R. Ewing in the 1980s prime time telly soap opera *[[Dallas (1978 TV series)|Dallas]]*, an befuddled astronaut Major Anthony "Tony" Nelson in the 1960s sitcom *[[I Dream of Jeannie]]*.
Marine Le Pen

**Marine Le Pen** (; born **Marion Anne Perrine Le Pen**, 5 August 1968) is a French politeecian an the preses o the National Front (FN).

## References
Jean-Marie Le Pen

**Jean-Marie Le Pen** (; born 20 Juin 1928; deed 7 Januar 2025) wis a French politician that led the Naitional Front pairty frae its foondation in 1972 till 2011.
Mario Beccaria

**Mario Beccaria** (18 Juin 1920 – 22 November 2003) wis an Italian politeecian, mayor and deputie.; ; ; 

## References
Burt Reynolds

**Burton Leon** "**Burt**" **Reynolds** (11 February 1936 – 6 September 2018) wis an American actor, director an producer. He starned in mony roles, sic as *[[Dan August]]*, *[[Deliverance]]*, *[[The Langest Yard (1974 film)|The Langest Yard]]* wi its 2005 remake, an *[[Smokey an the Bandit]]*.
Suzanne Pleshette

**Suzanne Pleshette** (Januar 31, 1937 – Januar 19, 2008) wis an American actress an vyce actress. Efter beginnin her career in the theatre, she begoud appearin in films in the early 1960s, sic as *[[Roum Adventur]]* (1962) an Alfred Hitchcock's *[[The Birds (film)|The Birds]]* (1963). She later appeared in mony telly productions, eften in guest roles, an pleyed Emily Hartley on *[[The Bob Newhart Shaw]]* frae 1972 til 1978, receivin seevral Emmy Awaird nominations fur her wark. She continued actin until 2004, four yeirs afore her daith.

## References
Polytheism

**Polytheism** refers tae the worship o or belief in multiple deities uisually assembled intae a pantheon o gods an goddesses, alang wi thair ain releegions an rituals.
Nu (meethologie)

**Nu** (; "wattery ane"), forby cried **Nun** ( or ; "inert ane"), is the deification o the primordial wattery abyss in auncient Egyptian releegion.
Min (god)

**Min** (Egyptian mnw) is an auncient Egyptian god whose cult oreeginatit in predynastic times (4t millennium BCE).

## References
Bes

**Bes** (; an aa spelled as Bisu) is an Auncient Egyptian deity worshipped as a protector o hoosehaulds, an in pairteecular, o mithers an bairns an bairnbirth.
Egyptian meethologie

**Egyptian meethologie** is the collection o meeths frae auncient Egyp, which describe the actions o the Egyptian gods as a means o unnerstaundin the warld. Egyptian gods include: Ra, Horus, Isis, Osiris, Set, Anubis, Sobek, Thoth an Sekhmet.
İznik

**İznik** is a toun an an admeenistrative destrict in the Province o Bursa, Turkey.

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns – sister ceeties
İznik is twinned wi:
*  Larissa, Greece *(syne 2000)*

## References
Beuk o the Deid

The ***Beuk o the Deid*** is an auncient Egyptian funerary text, uised frae the beginnin o the New Kinrick (aroond 1550 BCE) tae aroond 50 BCE. The oreeginal Egyptian name for the text, transleeteratit *rw nw prt m hrw* is translatit as ***Beuk o Comin Forth bi Day***. Anither translation would be ***Beuk o emergin forth intae the Licht***. "Beuk" is the closest term tae describe the loose collection o texts consistin o a nummer o magic spells intendit tae assist a deid person's journey through the *[[Duat]]*, or unnerwarld, an intae the efterlife an written bi mony priests ower a period o aboot 1000 years.

## References
Schaffhausen

**Schaffhausen** (; ; ; ; ) is a ceety in northren Swisserland an the caipital o the canton o the same name; it haes an estimatit population o 34,587 .

## References
Flamenco

**Flamenco** () is an airtform an genre o muisic an dance native tae the soothren Spaingie regions o Andalusie, Extremadura an Murcia. It includes *[[Cante flamenco|cante]]* (sangin), *[[Flamenco guitar|toque]]* (guitar playin), *baile* (dance) an *jaleo*, which refers tae the vocalisations an rhythmic soonds o *[[Palmas (muisic)|palmas]]* (haundclappin) an *pitos* (finger snappin).

## References
Sondrio

**Sondrio**   (archaic , , , Lombard: *Sùndri*, ) is an Italian toun an *[[comune]]* locatit in the hert o the Valtellina.

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns / Sister ceeties
*  **[[Sindelfingen]]**, Germany
*  **[[Radovljica]]**, Slovenie
*  **[[São Mateus, Espírito Santo|São Mateus]]**, Brazil

## References
Valdivia

**Valdivia** () is a ceety an commune in soothren Chile, admeenistered bi the Municipality o Valdivia.

## Twin touns – Sister ceeties

## References
Alexander Suvorov

**Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov** (, r *Aleksandr Vasil‘evich Suvorov*;  or 1730 – ), Coont Suvorov o Rymnik (), Prince o Italy (), Coont o the Haly Roman Empire, naitional hero o Roushie, wis the last Generalissimo o the Roushie Empire.
Alfred Moisiu

**Alfred Spiro Moisiu** (; born 1 December 1929) wis the 4t Preses o the Republic o Albanie frae 2002-2007.
Ramiz Alia

**Ramiz Tafë Alia** (18 October 1925 – 7 October 2011) wis the seicont an last Communist leader o Albanie frae 1985 tae 1991, an the kintra's heid o state frae 1982 tae 1992.
Bernie Sanders presidential campaign, 2016

The **2016 presidential campaign o [[Bernie Sanders]]**, the junior Unitit States Senator frae Vermont, an former Congressman o the same, began with a formal announcement bi Sanders on Mey 26, 2015 in Burlington, Vermont, which followit an informal announcement on Aprile 30.

Sanders had been considerit a potential candidate for Preses o the Unitit States, both as an Independent an a Democrat since at least November 2013. Although Sanders became an independent after briefly alignin wi the left-win Liberty Union Party in the 1970s, many o his views align wi those o the Democratic Pairty, he caucuses wi Democrats in the Senate, an he has confirmit that he is runnin as a Democrat.

Sanders later lost the nomination tae Hillary Clinton.

## References

## Ither wabsteids
 
* Bernie Sanders for President - official campaign website
** Racial Justice
* Bernie Sanders (Video 59:43; C-SPAN; March 9, 2015; National Press Club (United States)|National Press Club).
Paul Ryan

**Paul Davis Ryan** (born Januar 29, 1970) is an American politeecian. He wis a member o U.S. Hoose o Representatives frae 1999 tae 2019 an Speaker o the Unitit States Hoose o Representatives frae October 29, 2015 tae Januar 3, 2019. He wis the Republican candidate for Vice Preses o the Unitit States in 2012 (alongside then-Preses candidate Mitt Romney).

## Ither wabsteids

* Congressman Paul Ryan  *official U.S. House site*
* Paul Ryan for U.S. Congress *official campaign site*
* 
*
Lawrence Lessig

**Lawrence "Larry" Lessig** (born Juin 3, 1961) is an American academic and politeecal activist. He is kent for his work in reducin legal restrictions on copyright, trademark, an radio frequency. He has been an activist against the Second Amendment an creatit the Second Constitutional Convention.

## References

## Ither wabsteids

* 
*  (includes Lessig blog 2002–2009)
*  (Presidential Campaign site)
*  Lessig Blog, beyond 2009
* 
* 
* 
*
Jean Chrétien

**Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien**  (born Januar 11, 1934), kent commonly as **Jean Chrétien** (), is a Canadian politeecian an statesman who served as the 20t Prime Meenister o Canadae.
Brian Mulroney

**Martin Brian Mulroney** (born 20 Mairch 1939; dee'd 29 Februar 2024), PC, CC, GOQ, wis the 18t Prime meenister o Canadae frae 17 September 1984 til 25 Juin 1993, an wis leader o the Progressive Conservative Pairty o Canadae frae 1983 til 1993.

## References
Pierre Trudeau

**Joseph Philippe Pierre Yves Elliott Trudeau**,  (; ; October 18, 1919 – September 28, 2000), kent as **Pierre Trudeau** or **Pierre Elliott Trudeau**, wis the 15t Prime meenister o Canadae frae Aprile 20, 1968, tae Juin 4, 1979, an again frae Mairch 3, 1980, tae Juin 30, 1984. His son Justin Trudeau bcame Prime meenister in 2015.
Justin Trudeau

**Justin Pierre James Trudeau**  (born December 25, 1971) is a Canadian politeecian an the 23rd an current Prime Meenister o Canadae efter leadin the Liberal Pairty tae victory in the 2015 federal election.

## References
Paul Martin

**Paul Edgar Philippe Martin**  (born August 28, 1938), kent as  **Paul Martin Jr.** an aw, is a Canadian politeecian who wis the 21st Prime meenister o Canadae an leader o the Liberal Pairty o Canadae efter bein the Canadian Meenister o Finance.
Stamford, Connecticut

**Stamford** is a ceety in Fairfield Coonty, Connecticut, Unitit States. Accordin tae the 2010 census, the population o the ceety is 122,643. As o 1 Julie 2014, accordin tae the Census Bureau, the population o Stamford haed risen tae 128,278, makkin it the third lairgest ceety in the state an the seiventh lairgest ceety in New Ingland. Approximately 30 mile frae Manhattan, Stamford is in the Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk Metro aurie which is a pairt o the Greater New York metropolitan aurie.

Stamford is hame tae fower Fortune 500 Companies, nine Fortune 1000 Companies, an 13 Courant 100 Companies, as well as numerous divisions of muckle corporations. This gies Stamford the lairgest financial destrict in New York Metro ootside New York Ceety itsel an ane o the lairgest concentrations o corporations in the naition.

## Sister ceeties
*  Afula, Israel
*  Jiangdu, Cheenae
*  Lima, Peru
*  Minturno, Italy
*  Settefrati, Italy
*  Sparti, Greece

## References
**Notes**

**Further readin**
* 
* 
* 
* 

## Freemit airtins

* 
* Stamford Historical Society
* Stamford Downtown Special Services District
Stamford

**Stamford** mey refer tae:

## Places
### Unitit Kinrick
*Stamford, Lincolnshire, a toun an ceevil pairish in Ingland
*Stamford (UK Pairlament constituency), a umwhile constituency in Lincolnshire, Ingland
*Stamford Brook a brook in West London
*Stamford Canal, Lincolnshire

### Unitit States
*Stamford, Connecticut, the lairgest an maist populous ceety namit Stamford
*Stamford, Nebraska, a veelage
*Stamford, New York, a toun
*Stamford (veelage), New York 
*Stamford, Sooth Dakota
*Stamford, Texas, a ceety
*Stamford, Vermont, a toun
*Lake Stamford, a reservoir in Texas

### Elsewhaur
*Stamford, Queensland, Australie, a locality
*Stamford Township, Ontario, a umwhile tounship first in Upper Canadae, then in Canadae

## Fowk
*Stamford Raffles (1781-1826), Inglis statesman an foonder o Singapore
*Stamford Raffles-Flint (1847-1925), Airchdeacon o Cornwall

## Eddicational institutions
*Stamford University (Bangladesh)  
*Stamford University (Thailand)  
*Stamford School, a Inglis public schuil situated in the mercat toun o Stamford, Lincolnshire
*Stamford American International School, Singapore
*Stamford High School (disambiguation)

## Ither uisses
*The Earl o Stamford, creatit in 1628, an extinct title in the Peerage o Ingland
*Stamford Street, Lunnon, Ingland
*Stamford Road, Singapore
*, an authorisit but niver built US Navy frigate

## See an aw
*Samford
*Stamford Bridge
*Stanford (disambiguation)
Uffizi

The **Uffizi Gallery** (, ) is a prominent airt museum locatit adjacent tae the Piazza della Signoria in central Florence, region o Tuscany, Italy.

## References
Diego Rivera

**Diego María de la Concepción Juan Nepomuceno Estanislao de la Rivera y Barrientos Acosta y Rodríguez**, kent as **Diego Rivera** (; December 8, 1886 – November 24, 1957) wis a prominent Mexican penter an the husband o Frida Kahlo.
Chacaltianguis

**Chacaltianguis** is a municipality in Veracruz, Mexico. It is locatit in the sooth o the state. It haes a surface o 557.69 km2. It is locatit at .

The municipality o Chacaltianguis is delimitit tae the north bi Cosamaloapan, tae the east an sooth-east bi José Azueta, tae the wast bi Tuxtilla, an tae the sooth-wast bi Oaxaca.

It produces principally maize an beans.

In Chacaltianguis, in Mey taks place the celebration o Mango festival, this is the main festivity o the toun.

The wather in Chacaltianguis is wairm aw year wi rains in simmer.

## References

## Freemit airtins

*  Municipal Offeecial Steid 
*  Municipal Offeecial Information
Solon

**Solon** (; &nbsp;BC) wis an Athenian , lawmaker, an poet. He is remembered pairteecularly for his efforts tae legislate against poleetical, economic, an moral decline in airchaic Athens.

## References
Tocharian leids

**Tocharian**, an aa spelled **Tokharian** ( or ), is an extinct branch o the Indo-European leid faimily, kent frae manuscripts datin frae the 6t tae the 8t century AD foond in oasis ceeties on the northren edge o the Tarim Basin (nou pairt o Xinjiang in northwast Cheenae).

## References
Democritus

**Democritus** (;  *Dēmókritos*, meanin "chosen o the fowk";  ) wis an influential Auncient Greek pre-Socratic philosopher primarily remembered the day for his formulation o an atomic theory o the universe.

Democritus wis born in Abdera, Thrace, aroond 460 BC, awtho thare are disgreements about the exact year. His exact contreibutions are difficult tae disentangle frae thae o his mentor Leucippus, as thay are eften mentioned thegither in texts. Thair speculation on atoms, taken frae Leucippus, beirs a passin an pairtial resemblance tae the 19t-century unnerstaundin o atomic structur that haes led some tae regaird Democritus as mair o a scientist nor ither Greek philosophers; houiver, thair ideas restit on verra different bases.
Lairgely ignored in auncient Athens, Democritus is said tae hae been disliked sae muckle bi Plato that the latter wished aw o his beuks birned. He wis nivertheless weel kent tae his fellae northren-born philosopher Aristotle.
Mony conseder Democritus tae be the "faither o modren science". Nane o his writins hae survived; anerly fragments are kent from his vast bouk o wark.

## Notes

## References
Pre-Socratic filosofie

**Pre-Socratic filosofie** is Greek auncient filosofie afore Socrates (an includes schuils contemporary tae Socrates that war not influenced bi him).

## References
Leucippus

**Leucippus** (; , *Leukippos*; fl. 5t century BCE) is reportit in some auncient soorces tae hae been a filosofer who wis the earliest Greek tae develop the theory o atomism — the idea that everything is componed entirely o various imperishable, indivisible elements cried atoms.
Atomism

**Atomism** (frae Greek , *atomon*, i.e. "uncuttable", "indiveesible") is a naitural filosofie that developed in several auncient tradeetions.

## References
Úrsulo Galván

**Úrsulo Galvan** is a municipality locatit in the sooth zone in the State o Veracruz, aboot 76&nbsp;km frae state caipital Xalapa. It haes a surface o 123.92&nbsp;km2. The name o this municipality is in honor tae a historical character who wis a social fechter for the landwart cless.

## Geographic Limits
The municipality o ** Úrsulo Galvan ** is bordered tae the north bi Actopan, tae the east bi Gulf o Mexico an tae the sooth bi Puente Nacional.

## Agricultur
It produces principally maize, beans, wattermelon, succarcane, rice an green chile.

## Celebrations
In ** Úrsulo Galvan **, in November taks place the celebration in honor tae San Carlos, Patron o the toun, an in Dizember taks place the celebration in honor tae Virgen de Guadalupe.

## Wather
The wather in ** Úrsulo Galvan ** is vera hot an some wet aw year wi rains in simmer an hairst.

## References

## Freemit airtins

*  Municipal Official webpage
*  Municipal Official Information
Demosthenes

**Demosthenes** (;  *Dēmosthénēs* ; 384–322&nbsp;BC) wis a prominent Greek statesman an orator o auncient Athens. His orations constitute a signeeficant expression o contemporary Athenian intellectual prowess an provide an insicht intae the politics an cultur o auncient Greece during the 4t century&nbsp;BC.
Gladiolus

***Gladiolus*** (frae Laitin, the diminutive o *gladius*, a sword) is a genus o perennial cormous flouerin plants in the iris faimily (Iridaceae).

## References
Habeas corpus

***Habeas corpus*** (; Medieval Laitin translatin roughly tae "Ye should hae the body") is a recoorse in law whaurbi a person can report an unlawfu detention or imprisonment afore a court, uisually throu a prison offeecial.

## References
Shogi

(,  or ), cried **Japanese chess** or the **Generals' Game** an aa, is a twa-player strategy buird gemme in the same faimily as  Wastren (internaitional) chess, chaturanga, makruk, shatranj an xiangqi, an is the maist popular o a faimily o chess variants native tae Japan.
## Famous players
* Kana Satomi
* Hiroe Nakai
* Ichiyo Shimizu

## References
Order o Lenin

The **Order o Lenin** (Roushie: Орден Ленина, *Orden Lenina*), named efter the leader o the Roushie October Revolution, wis the heichest decoration bestowed bi the Soviet Union.
Hermit

A **hermit** (adjectival form: **eremitic** or **hermitic**) is a bodie that lives in seclusion frae society.

## References
Eratosthenes

**Eratosthenes o [[Cyrene, Libie|Cyrene]]** (; , ; &nbsp;– ) wis a Greek mathematician, geografer, poet, astronomer, an muisic theorist. He wis a man o learin, acomin the chief leebrarian at the Leebrar o Alexandria. He inventit the discipline o geografie, includin the terminology uised the day.

He is best kent for bein the first person tae calculate the circumference o the Yird, that he did bi comparin angles o the mid-day Sun at twa places a kent North-Sooth distance apairt. His calculation wis remerkably accurat. He wis an aw the first tae calculate the tilt o the Yird's axis, again wi remerkable accuracy. Additionally, he mey hae accuratly calculatit the distance frae the Yird tae the Sun an inventit the leap day. He creatit the first map o the warld, incorporatin parallels an meridians based on the available geografic knawledge o his era.

Eratosthenes wis the foonder o scienteefic chronology; he endeavoured tae revise the dates o the chief leeterar an poleetical events frae the conquest o Troy. Eratosthenes datit The Sack o Troy tae 1183 BC. In nummer theory, he introduced the sieve o Eratosthenes, an efficient method o identifeein prime nummers.

He wis a feegur o influence in mony fields.  Accordin tae an entry in the Suda (a 10t-century reference), his creetics scorned him, cryin him *Beta* (the seicont letter o the Greek alphabet) acause he ayeweys cam in seicont in aw his endeavors. Nanetheless, his devotees nicknamed him *Pentathlos* efter the Olympians that war weel roondit competitors, for he haed pruiven himsel tae be knawledgeable in ivery aurie o learin. Eratosthenes yearned tae unnerstaund the complexities o the entire warld.

## References
Rumigny

**Rumigny** mey refer tae:
* Rumigny, Ardennes, a commune in Fraunce
* Rumigny, Somme, a commune in Fraunce
Puente Nacional

**Puente Nacional** mey refers tae:

* **[[Puente Nacional, Santander]]**, municipality o Colombie.
* **[[Puente Nacional, Veracruz]]**, municipality o Mexico.
Francesco Cossiga

**Francesco Maurizio Cossiga** (26 Julie 1928 – 17 August 2010) wis an Italian politeecian He servit as Prime Meenister o Italy frae 4 August 1979 tae 18 October 1980, an later he servit as Preses o the Italian Republic frae 3 Julie 1985 tae 28 Aprile 1992.
Charlotte Rampling

**Tessa Charlotte Rampling**  (born 5 Februar 1946) is an Inglis actress. In a career spannin 50 year, she haes appeared in Inglis leid, French an cinema. A fower-time Cesar Awaird nominee for her work in the French films *On ne meurt que deux fois* (1985), *[[Under the Sand]]* (2000), *Swimming Pool* (2003) an *Lemming* (2005), she received Honorary César in 2001 an Fraunce's Légion d'honneur in 2002. She wis mairit tae composer Jean Michel Jarre for 20 year.
## Early life
Rampling wis born in Sturmer, Essex, the dochter o Isabel Anne (Gurteen), a painter an Godfrey Rampling, aa Olympic athlete gowd medallist an Airmy officer. She haed ane sister Sarah, who committed suicide in 1966 at the age o 23.
## Freemit airtins
*
Pasticciotto

A **pasticciotto** (, plural: **pasticciotti**) is a teep o filled Italian pastry. Dependin on the region, they are traditionally filled wi either ricotta cheese or egg custard.

## References
Manneken Pis

***Manneken Pis*** (; "Little man Pee" in Dutch; ) is a laundmerk smaw bronze sculptur (61&nbsp;cm) in Brussels, depictin a nakit wee boy urinatin intae a foontain's basin.  It wis designed bi Hiëronymus Duquesnoy the Elder an put in place in 1618 or 1619.

## References
Agesilaus II

**Agesilaus II** (;  *Agesilaos*; c. 444 – c. 360 BC), wis a Eurypontid king o the Auncient Greek ceety-state o Sparta, rulin frae approximately 400 BC tae 360 BC.
Marcus Licinius Crassus

**Marcus Licinius Crassus** (; Laitin: M·LICINIVS·P·F·P·N·CRASSVS; c. 112 BC – 53 BC) wis a Roman general an politeecian who played a key role in the transformation o the Roman Republic intae the Roman Empire.

## References
1. FC Union Berlin

**1. FC Union Berlin** is a professional German association fitbaw club based in Berlin.

## Players
### Current squad

   

   
     
          

## References
Grand Duchy o Moscow

The **Grand Duchy o Moscow** (), or **Grand Principality o Moscow** (an aa kent in Inglis/Scots simply as **Muscovy**), wis a late medieval Rus' principality centred on Moscow an the predecessor state o the early modren Tsardom o Roushie.
David Tennant

**David John Tennant** (né McDonald) is a Scots actor. He haes haed sindry roles in telly an film, includin the Tent Doctor in the BBC sci-fi serial *[[Doctor Who]]* (2005-2010), Kilgrave in the Netflix superhero series Jessica Jones (2015-2019), Barty Crouch Jr in the fantasy film *[[Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire]]*, Hamlet in the Royal Shakespeare Company’s 2009 shawin o *[[Hamlet]]*, an DI Alec Hardy in the ITV crime drama *[[Broadchurch]]* (2013-2017).

Tennant haes haed thrift as a vyce actor an in theatre an aa, sic as the vyce o Scrooge McDuck in DuckTales (2017-the noo) an the titular prince in a 2008 production o Hamlet. In 2015, he wis gien the National Television Award fur Special Recognition.

## Early life
Tennant wis born David John McDonald on 18 Aprile 1971 in Bathket, Wast Lowden, the son o Sandy McDonald an Helen McDonald (née McLeod). He wis brocht up in Paisley, Renfrewshire, alang wi his brither Blair an sister Karen, whaur his faither wis the local meenister. Twa o Tennant's maternal great-grandparents, William an Agnes Blair, war staunch Protestants frae Northren Ireland's Coonty Derry, that wis amangst the signatories o the Ulster Covenant in 1912. William wis a memmer o the Orange Order. Tennant's maternal grandfaither, fitbawer Archie McLeod, met William an Agnes' daughter Nellie whiles playin fur Derry City FC. McLeod wis stryndit frae tenant farmers frae the Isle of Mull.

## References
Doctor Who

***Doctor Who*** (in Scots: *Doctor Wha*) is a Breetish science fiction programme on the telly, producit bi the BBC frae 1963 tae the day. The programme depicts the adventurs o the Doctor, a *Time Lord* (in Scots: *Time Laird*)—a space an time-traivellin human-like alien bodie. Thay explore throu the universe in thair TARDIS, a sentient time-traivellin space ship.

## TARDIS

The TARDIS (Time and Relative Dimension in Space | in Scots: *Time an Relative Dimensions in Space*) is the polis box uised bi the Doctor tae traivel throu time an space. It is weel kent fur bein mair muckle ben nor ootwi the device.

The TARDIS haes turnt intae a weel-kent symbol fur *Doctor Who* an is nou synonymous wi the programme, tae the pynt thit it haes been uised fur its logo a guid twa three times.

## The Doctor
The main chairacter o the series is a Time Lord cried The Doctor. The role haes been pleyed bi fowerteen actors in the lead role, wi sindry ither fowks pleyin the role unner certain circumstances

## Notes

## References

## Fremmit airtins
* ''Doctor Wha'' - a Scots poem fur National Poetry Day, frae the National Library o Scotland
Deegital telly

**Deegital telly** (**DTV**) is the transmission o audio an video bi deegitally processed an multiplexed signal, in contrast tae the totally analog an channel separatit signals uised bi analog televeesion.
NTSC

**NTSC**, named efter the **Naitional Telly seestem Committee** (, is the analog televeesion seestem that wis uised in maist o the Americas (except Brazil, Argentinae, Paraguay, Uruguay an French Guiana); Burma; Sooth Korea; Taiwan; Japan; the Philippines; an some Paceefic island naitions an territories (see cairt).

## References
PAL

**Phase Alternating Line** (**PAL**) is a colour encodin seestem for analogue televeesion uised in broadcast telly seestems in maist kintras broadcastin at 625-line / 50 field (25 frame) per seicont (576i).
Quantum tunnellin

**Quantum tunnellin** refers tae the quantum mechanical phenomenon whaur a pairticle tunnels through a barrier that it clessically could nae surmoont.
Tsardom o Roushie

The **Tsardom o Roushie** ( or, in Hellenized form, ), forby kent as the **Tsardom o Muscovy**, wis the name o the centralised Roushie state frae Ivan IV's assumption o the teetle o Tsar in 1547 till Peter the Great's foondation o the Roushie Empire in 1721.

## References
Ivan III o Roushie

**Ivan III Vasilyevich** () (22 Januar 1440, Moscow – 27 October 1505, Moscow), forby kent as **Ivan the Great**, wis a Grand Prince o Moscow an Grand Prince o aw Rus (Великий князь всея Руси).

## References
Time dilation

In the theory o relativity, **time dilation** is a difference o elapsed time atween twa events as measurt bi observers either muivin relative tae ilk ither or differently situatit frae a gravitational mass or masses.

## References
Thocht experiment

A **thocht experiment** or ***Gedankenexperiment*** (frae German) considers some hypothesis, theory, or principle for the purpose o thinkin throu its consequences.

## References
Probability theory

**Probability theory** is the branch o mathematics concerned wi probability, the analysis o random phenomena.
## References
Pairtial differential equation

In mathematics, a **pairtial differential equation** (**PDE**) is a differential equation that contains unkent multivariable functions an thair pairtial derivatives. (A special case are ordinary differential equations (ODEs), which deal wi functions o a single variable an thair derivatives.)

## References
* Partial Differential Equations (Graduate Studies in Mathematics) Lawrence C. Evans, American Mathematical Society.
* Partial Differential Equations I-III (Applied Mathematical Sciences) Michael Taylor, Springer.
* Egorov, Y. V., & Shubin, M. A. (2013). Foundations of the classical theory of partial differential equations. Springer Science & Business Media.
* Egorov, Komech and Shubin - Elements of the Modern Theory of Partial Differential Equations (1999) Springer.
* Sommerfeld, A. (1949). Partial differential equations in physics. Academic Press.
* Renardy, M., & Rogers, R. C. (2006). An introduction to partial differential equations. Springer Science & Business Media.
* Olver, P. J., Introduction to partial differential equations. Berlin: Springer.

## Further Readin
* Computational Partial Differential Equations Using MATLAB, Jichun Li and Yi-Tung Chen, Chapman & Hall.
* Ames, W. F. (2014). Numerical methods for partial differential equations. Academic Press.
* M. Nakao, M. Plum, Y. Watanabe (2019) Numerical Verification Methods and Computer-Assisted Proofs for Partial Differential Equations (Springer Series in Computational Mathematics).
## Researchers
* Leonid Kantorovich
* Ryogo Hirota
* Sofia Kovalevskaya
Differential equation

A **differential equation** is a mathematical equation that relates some function wi its derivatives.

## Saftware
* ExpressionsinBar
* Maple: dsolve
* MATLAB
* Wolfram Mathematica
* SageMath
* Xcas: desolve(y'=k*y,y)

## References

## Researchers
* Cauchy, Gauss, Leonhard Euler
* Leonid Kantorovich
* Sofia Kovalevskaya
Robert Hofstadter

**Robert Hofstadter** (Februar 5, 1915 &ndash; November 17, 1990) wis an American pheesicist. He wis the jynt winner o the 1961 Nobel Prize in Pheesics (thegither wi Rudolf Mössbauer) "for his pioneerin studies o electron scatterin in atomic nuclei an for his consequent discoveries concernin the structur o nucleons".

## References