open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Island

An **island** (spelt **iland** or **eiland** anaw) (pronounced: [/ˈaɪlənd/]) or **isle** (pronounced: [/ˈaɪl/]) is onie bit o laund that is hailie surroondit by wattir in twa dimensions, abuin heich tyd, an isolate frae ither signeeficant laundmasses. Gey smaw islands sic as emergent laund featurs on atolls is cried **[[inch]]es**. A **quay** or cay is anither name for a smaw island or islet. An island in a river or loch micht can be cried an eyot, (pronounced:[/ˈaɪət/]).
Thar's twa main kynds o islands: **continental islands** an **oceanic islands**. Thar's artifeecial islands anaw. A groupin o geograficalie an/or geologicalie sib islands is cried an archipelago.

The wird *island* cums frae Auld Inglis *ī(e)gland* (leeteral, "wattirie laund"). Houaniver, the spellin o the wird wis modifee'd in the 15t centurie bi associe wi the etymologicalie fremmit Auld French lendwird *isle*.

## Notes
Continental Europe

**Continental Europe**, referred tae as **mainlaund Europe** or juist **the Continent** forby, is the continent o Europe, expleecit baur the European islands an, whiles, peninsulas. Merkit in Breetish Inglis uissage, the term means Europe baur the Breetish Isles an Iceland. Ae kenspeckle defineetion o "Continental Europe" is *the European laundmass baur the Breetish Isles an Iceland.* Houaniver, in ither areas o Europe different thochts on whit the term richt means aye bides.

## See forby

* Wastren Europe
* Central Europe
* Eastren Europe

## References
Union o the Crouns

The **Union o the Crouns** refers tae the comin o James VI, Keeng o Scots, tae the throne o the Ingland in Mairch 1603, an sicwice unitin Scotland an Ingland unner the ae monarch. This follaed the daith o his free an bairnless cuisin, Queen Elizabeth I o Ingland, the pokeshakkins o the ryal Hoose o Tudor.

The term itsel, tho nou for ordinar acceptit, is misleadin; richtly this wis juist a personal or deenastic union, the Crouns steyin baith spleet an sindry, mauger o James's ettles tae mak a new "imperial" throne o 'Great Breetain'. Ingland an Scotland conteenad tae be unthirlt states, mauger o sharin the same Monarch, till the Acts o Union in 1707 durin the ring o the hindermaist monarch o the ryal Hoose o Stuart, Queen Anne.
Sovereignty

**Sovereigntie** (or **sovereignty**) is the exclusive richt ti hae hail owerins o an area o govrenance, fowk, or yersel. A *sovereign* is the tap lawmakkin pouer, subject ti nae ither.
Northumberland

**Northumberland** () is the northrenmaist ceremonial county an a unitary destrict in the North East o Ingland.  It borders Cumbria tae the wast, Coonty Durham to the sooth an Tyne an Wear tae the sooth east, as well as haein a border wi the Scots Borders cooncil aurie tae the north, an a North Sea coastline o ootstaundin natural beauty. Syne 1981, the coonty council haes been locatit in Morpeth, situated in the east o the coonty.

As the kinrick o Northumbrie unner King Edwin, the region's heestorical bundaries stretched frae the Humber in the sooth tae the Forth in the north.  The historic boondaries o the coonty cover a different aurie, includin Newcastle upon Tyne, the traditional coonty toun, as well as Tynemouth an ither settlements in North Tyneside, auries admeenistered bi Tyne an Wear syne 1974 unner the Local Government Act 1972. The historic bundaries o the coonty are sometimes taken tae exclude Islandshire, Bedlingtonshire an Norhamshire (collectively North Durham), exclaves o Coonty Durham which wur incorporatit intae Northumberland in 1844.

Being on the border o Ingland an Scotland, Northumberland haes been the steid o mony battles.  The coonty is notit for its undeveloped landscape o heich moorland, a favourite wi landscape painters, an nou lairgely protectit as a National Park. Northumberland is the maist spairsely populatit coonty in Ingland, wi anerlie 62 fowk per square kilometre.

Northumberland's coonty flower is the Bloody Cranesbill (*[[Geranium sanguineum]]*) an her affiliated Royal Navy ship is her namesake, .

## See an aw
* Northumbrie byleid
Atlantic Ocean

The **Atlantic Ocean** is the seicont-lairgest o the warld's oceans. It haes an area o aboot 106.4 million square kilometre (41.1 million square mile). It haps aboot ae-fift o the Yird's surface.

The Atlantic Ocean taks up a lang, S-shapit byne atween the Americaes tae the wast, an Europe an Africae tae the east. As a pairt o the hail Warld Ocean, it is jyned in the north tae the Arctic Ocean (whiles conseedered a sea o the Atlantic), tae the Paceefic Ocean in the soothwast, the Indie Ocean in the sootheast, an the Soothren Ocean in the sooth.
Breetish Owerseas Territories

The **Breetish Owerseas Territories** is fowerteen Stewartries that the Unitit Kinrick haes unner its sovereignty, but's no pairt o the Unitit Kinrick itsel.

The name "British Overseas Territory" wis brocht in bi the British Overseas Territories Act 2002, an replaced the name **"British dependent territory"** that wis brocht in bi the British Nationality Act 1981. Afore that, the territories wis kent as the **colonies** or the **Croun colonies**. The Breetish Owerseas Territories is referred tae as **owerseas territories o the Unitit Kinrick** an aw, **UK owerseas territories**, or whan the context is clear, juist **the Owerseas Territories**.

The territories o Jersay, Guernsey an the Isle o Mann, tho unner the sovereignty o the Breetish Croun an aw, haes a sicht different constitutional relationship wi the Unitit Kinrick, an sae is clessed as Croun dependencies raither nor Owerseas Territories.
Territories an dependencies is distinct frae the Commonweel o Nations, a voluntar associe o umwhile Breetish colonies an syne ither nations sic as Mozambique that haes jyned acause o the benefits it gies.

## Current Overseas Territories

## See also
Owerseas territories

## References
Coonties o Ingland

**Coonties o Ingland** are auries uised for the purposes o admeenistrative, geographical an poleetical demarcation. Aw o Ingland is dividit intae 48 ceremonial coonties, which are forby kent as geographic coonties. Mony o thir coonties hae thair oreegins in antiquity, awtho some wur established as recently as 1974.

Ootside Greater Lunnon an the Isles o Scilly, Ingland is forby dividit intae 83 metropolitan an non-metropolitan coonties. Thir are auries uised for the purposes o local govrenment, an mey conseest o a single destrict or be dividit intae several destricts. 27 o thir coounties are dividit intae destricts an hae a coonty cooncil. Maist ceremonial coonties correspond tae a metropolitan or non-metropolitan coonty o the same name, but aften wi reduced bundaries.

The current arrangement is the result o incremental reform. Frae 1889 tae 1974 auries wi coonty cooncils wur kent as admeenistrative coonties, an ceremonial coonties wur defined separately. Frae 1974 tae 1996 the metropolitan an non-metropolitan coonties correspondit directly wi the ceremonial coonties. For the purpose o directin mail, Ingland wis dividit intae 48 postal coonties frae 1974 tae 1996; thir hae syne been abandoned bi the Ryal Mail. Coonties are uised as the geographical basis for a nummer o institutions sic as polis an fire services.
Inglis Channel

The **Inglis Chainel** (Inglis: *English Channel*; French: *Manche*, "sleeve") is a pairt o the Atlantic Ocean that sinders the island o Great Breetain frae northren Fraunce an jynes the German Ocean tae the Atlantic. It is aboot 562&nbsp;km (350 mile) lang an varies in weenth frae 240&nbsp;km (150 mile) at its braidest tae anerly 34&nbsp;km (21 mile) in the Strait o Dover. It is the smawest o the shallae seas roond the continental shelf o Europe, kiverin an area o anerly some 75,000&nbsp;km² (29,000 square mile).

## See forby
* The Chainel Tunnel that gangs unner the Inglis Chainel
Yorlin

The **Yorlin**, *Emberiza citrinella*, is a bird in the buntin faimly Emberizidae. It is whiles kent as the yoldrin, yellae lintie, Scots canary, or yellae yite an aw. 

The name Scots (Scotch) canary is thoucht tae hae cam frae miners, wha would tak canaries doon the mines, and wha saw the colour similarity between a Yorlin and a Canary.

It bides athort Europe an a muckle bit o Asie. The Yorlin wis brocht tae New Zealand in 1862 an is foond aw ower thae islands the nou. Its mebbes mair rowthie in New Zealand the nou nor in Europe, whaur its nummers is dwynin. In Europe an Asie, maist birds is resident, but some gey northren birds migrate sooth come winter. It's foond in mony open areas that haes some scrogs or trees.

In the winter they gaither thegither in smaw flauchts.

The Yorlin is a stoot 15.5–17&nbsp;cm lang bird, wi a stieve seed-eatin neb. The male haes a bricht yellae heid, is yellae aneath, an haes a gey strippit broun back. The female is mair dreich, an mair strippit aneath.

The kenspeckle, if a wee bittie dreich sang o the cock is *A little bittie breid an nae cheese*.

Its naitural diet conseests o insects whan its feedin its gorblins, an seeds at ither times. It maks its nest on the grund. 3-6 eggs is cleckit, wi the hair-like merks that maist buntins' eggs haes.

## References
Erse Sea

The **Erse Sea** or **Irish Sie** (Erse: *Muir Éireann* or *Muir Meann*; Manx: *Mooir Vannin*; Scots Gaelic: *Muir Eireann*; Welsh: *Môr Iwerddon*) sinders the islands o Ireland an Great Breetain. It is connectit til the Celtic Sea pairt o the Atlantic Ocean bi Saunt George's Chainel atwein the Republic o Ireland an Wales, an til the north bi the North Chainel or sheuch atwein Northren Ireland an Scotland that maks up pairt o the International Hydrographic Organisation-designate Inner Seas aff the Wast Coast o Scotland marine aurie. The Isle o Man ligs in the mids o the Erse Sea.
Chainel Tunnel

The **Chainel Tunnel** (, French: *Le tunnel sous la Manche*), whiles kent as the **Chunnel** or **Eurotunnel**, is a 50.5 kilometre (31.4 mile) unnersea rail tunnel jynin the Unitit Kinrick an Fraunce, rinnin aneath the Inglis Chainel at the Strait o Dover, connectin Folkestone, Kent in Ingland tae Coquelles naur Calais in northren Fraunce. It is the seicont langest unnersea tunnel in the warld (efter Japan's Seikan Tunnel).
Economy

An **Economie** (frae Greek: οικονομία, *ikonomía*, "a bodie that mauns a housshaud", derived frae the noun οικος, *íkos*, "houss", an verb νέμω, *némo*, "caw aboot or maun") is the seestem o human acteevities adae wi the makkin, distribution, exchynge, an consumption o guids an services o a kintra or ither aurie.

## See forby

*Economics
*Caipital
*Socialism
Bulgarie leid

**Bulgarian** (български език, ) is an Indo-European leid, a member o the Slavic linguistic group.

Bulgarian demonstrates several linguistic innovations that set it apairt frae aw ither Slavic leids except the Macedonie leid, such as the elimination o case declension, the development o a suffixt definite airticle (see Balkan linguistic union), the lack o a verb infinitive, an the retention an further development o the Proto-Slavic verb system. Sindry verb forms exist tae express unwitnessed, retold, an doubtful action. Estimates o the number o fowk aroond the warld who speak Bulgarian fluently range frae aboot 8.5 million tae 9 million. The Bulgarian leid is mutually intelligible wi the Macedonian leid.

Bulgarie uises the Cyrillic alphabet.

## Notes
Estonie leid

**Estonie** (*eesti keel*; IPA: ˈeːsti ˈkeːl) is the offeecial leid o Estonie, spoken bi aboot 1.1 million fowk in Estonie an tens o thoosands in sindry émigré communities. It is a Finno-Ugric leid an is sib tae Finnish.

Ane destinctive featur that haes caused a great amoont o interest in linguists is wha is traditionally seen as three degrees o phoneme length: short, lang, an "owerlang", such that ,  and  are distinct. In actuality, the distinction is no purely in the phoneme length, an the unnerlyin phonological mechanism is still disputit.
Hungarian leid

**Hungarian** (*magyar nyelv*) is a Uralic leid (mair speceefically an Ugric leid) sindry frae maist ither leids in Europe. It is spoken in Hungary an bi the Hungarian minorities in seeven neebourin kintras, thay are Romanie, Slovakie, Serbie,Ukraine an a smaa minority byde in Austrick an Slovenie. The Hungarian name fur the leid is *magyar* (IPA: [ˈmɒɟɒr̪]). Hungarian is close tae the Mansi leid spoken in the Urals by aboot 960 fowk (2010), but is sib til Finnish an Estonie an aa.

## References
Bairn

A **bairn**, **wee 'un**, **child** ur **littlin** is a youthie body, a lad or lass. **Wean**, maistly in ra west, is particularly usit for young yins. While a bairn is defined as bein a body afore tha oncome o puberty, a body afore tha end o puberty, a body unner tha age o majority, ur itherweys. Tha term micht can define a relationship wi a Pawrent ur authority feegur an aw, ur seegnifee group membership in a clan, tribe, ur releegion; ur it can seegnifee bein fell affectit by a specific time, place, ur circumstance, as in "we're aw Jock Tamson's bairns" ur "a bairn o tha Saxties."

Tha term is ailsae uised doon tha northeast coast o Ingland, in Northumberland an tha east o Yorkshire, but wi varied spellins an pronunciation.  It can be appliet tae ony wean who hasnae reachit pubertee.

## References
Bodie

**Bodies** ar bipedal primates belangin tae the mammalian genus ***[[Homo]]*** (fae Laitin: Hūmānō or "the same") in the faimily Hominidae (the great apes). Compeart wi ither genus', bodies hae unco developit harns capable o abstract raesonin, leid, an introspection. This mental capabeelitie, soudered wi an erect bouk cairiage that frees thair ower limms fer maneepulatin objects, haes alloud bodies tae mak faur mair uiss o tuils than onie ither genus. DNA evidents suggests that "modren" bodies (aft times cawd "Humans" in Ingils) oreeginatit in Africae aboot 200,000&nbsp;year syne. Bodies nou wone in aw continents an in laich Yird orbit, wi the hail nummer o indwallers ower 7.2 thoosand million as o December 2015.

## References
Abejar

**Abejar** is a municipality in the Province o Soria, in Castile an León (Spain). It haes 406 indwallers.
FC Kuban Krasnodar

**FC Kuban Krasnodar** was a fitbaw team frae the ceety o Krasnodar, Roushie. Thay war foondit in 1928. They played thair gemmes at Kuban Stadion in Krasnodar. Kuban Stadion haes 32,000 seats.

## Fitbaw Honours
* **[[Roushie Soviet Federal Socialist Republic|RSFSR]] Chaimpionships: 4**
** Winners: 1948, 1962, 1973, 1987

## Fremmit Airtins
* Official club website 
* Official fans website 
* Fans forum GREENMILE
Rugby fitbaw

**Rugby fitbaw** is the name o a couple sports descendit frae the gemme o fitbaa spielt at Rugby Schuil in the 19t century. The maist weel-likit forms o Rugby are rugby union an Rugby League.

## History

Rugby wis first spielt wi a set o rules at Rugby Schuil, Rugby, Warwickshire.  Efter a while, the gemme's popularity sprad aroond ither schuils. Than the gemme spread tae ither kintras an aw. At the end o the 19t century, the gemme o Rugby wis spleetit, ower whither the gemme shud be professional. This led tae the makin o Rugby league an Rugby Union, wi unalike rules.

The first rugby league warld cup wis helt in 1954, wi the first Union ane comin in 1987. Eventually, Rugby Union becam professional an aw in 1995.
Ibrox Stadium

**Ibrox** is wan ae the few 5 stair European stadiums in Breetan an wan ae twa in Scotland (the ither is Hampden Pairk). It is weel kent for its tap cless hospitality an its ootstaundin main staund that haes been up for years an years. It's hame tae Rangers.
Mealie

Aye its affa fine comes in pudding form, sometimes you can get it battered fae the chippie.
It's an ither name o 'White Pudding'.
Cecil Rhodes

**Cecil John Rhodes** (5 Julie 1853 - 26 Mairch 1902) wis a Breetish-born Sooth African businessman, minin magnate, an politeecian. He wis the founder o the diamond company De Beers, that markets 60% o the warld's roch diamonds the day an at ae time mairketed 90%. He wis a strang believer in colonialism an wis the founder o the state o Rhodesia, that wis cried aifter him.

Rhodes profited greatly frae ruthlessly controllin Southern Aifrica's naitural resoorces bi his uiss o Aifrican forced labor, an uised the proceeds tae fund the Rhodes Scholarship in pairt upon his death. Rhodes famously declared: "To think of these stars that you see overhead at night, these vast worlds which we can never reach. I would annex the planets if I could; I often think of that. It makes me sad to see them so clear and yet so far."

## References
European Union Memmer State

A **European Union Memmer State** is ane o the twinty-sieven kintras that's jyned the European Union (EU) syne it wis stairtit in 1958 as the European Economic Community (EEC). Frae an oreeginal memmership o anely sax kintras, thare's been sax mair enlairgements, the maist muckle bein on the 1st o Mey 2004, whan ten memmer states jynt.
 
Efter the addeetion o Romanie an Bulgarie in 2007, the EU nou haes 27 memmers. Talks is unnerwey wi a nummer o ither kintras wi regairds tae jynin in the futur an aw. The process o enlairgement is aft cried European integration. Afore bein alloued tae jyne the European Union, a state maun saitisfee the mony condeetions kent as the Copenhagen criteria: this means that a caundidate memmer state maun hae a secular, democratic govrenment, alang wi the freedoms an bodies, an respect the rule o law. Unner the terms o the Treaty on European Union, enlairgement o the Union is condeetional on the greement o ilka memmer state as weel as bi the European Pairliament.

Bulgarie an Romanie maks the siecont pairt o the EU's fift enlairgement, an jynt the EU on the  1st o januar 2007. This date wis componed at the Thessaloniki Summit in 2003, homologate at Brussels on the 18t o Juin 2004, an bi the kintra reports o October 2004 an the feenal report deleevert on the 26t o September 2006. Bulgarie an Romanie signed thair Treaty o Accession on the 25t o Aprile 2005 at a ceremony hauden at Neumünster Abbey in Luxembourg.
2007

**2007** (MMVII) was ae common year stairtin oan ae Monanday.

## See awso

*:Category:2007 daiths
*:Category:2007 albums
*:Category:Muisical groups established in 2007
Aiden McGeady

**Aiden McGeady** (born 4 Aprile 1986 in Glesga) is a Scots-born Erse fitbaw player. He wis born in Glesga and went tae Holyrood Secondary School in the ceity's sou end as a bairn. He plays in the Roushie Fitba League wi Spartak Moscow. He stairtit his career wi Queen's Park an movit awa tae Celtic whan he wis 14. His deceision tae play for Ireland an no Scotland has made him a target o racial abuse. In 2008 he was votit baith SPFA Player o the Year an SPFA Young Player of the Year. He plays maist o his gemmes oan the left wing, bit he can play onywhaur in the midfield. He was wi Celtic frae 2000 tae 2010 whan he flittit awa tae Roushie club Spartak Moscow fur nigh oan £10,000,000.

## References
Simon Schama

**Simon Michael Schama** (born 13 February 1945) is an Inglis historian that is the scriever of *[[A History of Britain]]* an the forriter o the programme o the same name. He wis born in Lunnon.
Varsity o Edinburgh

**The Varsity o Edinburgh** (Inglis: *University of Edinburgh*, Gaelic: *Oilthigh Dhùn Èideann*), foondit in 1582, is a kenspeckle centre for teachin an resairch in Edinburgh, Scotland. It wis the saxt varsity tae be estaiblished in the Breetish Isles, makkin it ane o the auncient varsities o Scotland. The varsity is amangst the lairgest an maist presteegious in the Unitit Kinrick an in the warld.

## Notes
Varsity o Aiberdeen

The **Varsity o Aiberdeen** is an auncient university foondit in 1495, in Aiberdeen, Scotland, an a kenspeckle centre for teachin an resairch. It is the thrid auldest varsity i Scotland an the fift auldest varsity in whit is nou the Unitit Kinrick, an in the braider Inglis-speakin warld. 

In 2022, it wis rankit 20th in UK and 158 in warld universities. 

In ane year the *Research Assessment Exercise* gied 10 depairtments athin the Varsity a heich ratin o 5, merkin thaim as internaitionally distinguished.  In 2014, 75% of the research wis rated as 'warld leadin' and in 2021 Aiberdeen wis 5th in the UK for student satisfaction.

### Scots Eddication
The Varsity offers a coorse cried 'Doric and Scots Language: An introduction to North-East Scots'. It learns students aboot the history o Doric an the Scots leid, teachin them a wee bittie o the leid an aw.

## References
Queen (baund)

**Queen**  are a British rock baund formit in Lunnon in 1971, oreeginally consistin o the late Freddie Mercury (lead vocals, piano), Brian May (guitar, vocals), John Deacon (bass guitar), an Roger Taylor (drums, vocals). Queen's earliest warks wur influenced bi progressive rock, but the baund gradual turnt intae mair conventional an radio-friendly warks, incorporatin mair diverse an innovative styles in their muisic.

## Albums
* Queen (1973)
* Queen II (1974)
* Sheer Heart Attack (1974)
* A Night at the Opera (1975)
* A Day at the Races (1976)
* News of the World (1977)
* Jazz (1978)
* The Game (1980)
* Flash Gordon (1980)
* Hot Space (1982)
* The Works (1984)
* A Kind of Magic (1986)
* The Miracle (1989)
* Innuendo (1991)
* Made in Heaven (1995)

## References
Limavady

**Limavady** or **Limavadie** (frae Erse *Léim a' Mhadaidh* meanin "leap o the hoond") is a wee toun in the Coonty Lunnonderry, Northren Ireland. It bides on the baunks o the River Roe, 17 mile aest o Lunnonderry ceety an 14 mile sooth-wast o Cowlrain. It haed 12,135 indwallers at the tide o the 2001 Census. Limavady is the main toun within the Limavady Burgh Cooncil aurie.
Pairkheid

**Pairkheid** is ae pairt o the ceety o Glesga. It maks up pairt o the ceety's east end an is haime tae Celtic Football Club. It is the hame o A.G. Barr plc, the company that maks Irn-Bru. In foretimes Pairkheid haed ane o the muckle maist forges in Europe. The forge, which geid mony a joab tae the fowk o the East End o Glesga wis tae be shut doun bit bi bit. The name o the "Forge" still lives throu the shoppin centre biggit on the umwhile steid o the Forge.

## References
Anderstoun

**Anderstoun** is a weil-kent pairt o the ceety o Glesga in Scotland. It ligs on the nor end o the River Clyde an gangs oot til the ceitie's Wast End. It wis umwhyl a Burgh o Barony in its ain richt frae 1824 but wis makkit pairt o the Ceitie o Glesga in 1846. Ae weil-kent umwhyl dwaller o Anderstoun is Glesga comic Billy Connolly.

## References
Anniesland

**Anniesland** is a destrict o Glesga. It bides on the Nor end o the River Clyde whaur the Great Western Road an the Craw Road cam thegither.

## References
Auchenshuggle

**Auchenshuggle** (, "the rye field") is a district in Glesga. It stretches frae the Eastren maist pairt o the cooncil ward o Braidfauld for aboot a mile an a hauf tae the Springfield Road naur Parkheid.

## References
RMS Titanic

**[[Ryal Mail Ship|RMS]] ''Titanic*** wis an [[Olympic class ocean liner|*Olympic*-class]] [[superliner (passenger ship)|passenger liner]] owned bi the [[White Star Line]] an biggit at the [[Harland an Wolff]] shipyaird. On the nicht o [[14 Aprile]] 1912, durin her [[maiden vaige]], *Titanic* strack an [[iceberg]], an sank two hours and forty minute later in early [[15 Aprile]] 1912. At the time o her lenchin in 1912, she wis the maist muckle [[passenger steamship]] in the warld.

The sinkin resulted in the daiths o 1,517 fowk, rankin it as ane o the warst peacetime [[Sea|maritime]] [[disaster]]s in history an by far the maist infamous. The *Titanic* uised some o the maist advanced technology tae haund at the time an wis aft trowed tae be “unsinkable” - atweel, in a 1910 White Star Line brochure advertisin the *Titanic*, it wis claimed that she wis "designed tae be unsinkable". It wis a great conflummix tae mony that despite the advanced technology a skeeled crew, the *Titanic* still sank wi a great lowse o life. The [[mass media|media]] frainesie aboot *Titanic* famous victims, the [[leegend]]s aboot whit happened on board the ship, the affcomin chynges tae [[maritime law]], an the discovery o the [[shipwreck|wreck]] in 1985 by a team led by [[Robert Ballard]] hae makkit *Titanic'' persistently weelkent lang syne.
Ooter space

**Ooter space**, aften cried juist **space**, refers tae the relatively empy regions o the universe ootside the atmospheres o celestial bodies. *Ooter* space is uised for tae disteenguish it frae airspace (an locations on the yird). Contrair tae popular unnerstandin, ooter space isna hailly empy (i.e. a perfect vacuum) but conteens a laich density o pairticles, maistlins hydrogen plasma, as weel as electromagnetic radiation. Hypothetically, it conteens daurk matter an daurk energy an aw.

The Inglis leid term "outer space" wis first recordit by H. G. Wells in 1901.  The shorter term *space* is actually aulder, bein first uised for tae mean the region ayont the Yird's lift in John Milton's *[[Paradise Lost]]* in 1667.

## References
A Man's a Man for A' That

The Scots sang **Is There For Honest Poverty** by Robert Burns is better kent as **A Man's A Man For A' That**, an is weel kent foir its expressin o egalitarian norries o society, that can be seen as anteecipatin the ideas o leeberalism that cam about ben the 18t century. Thir poems haes mony freemasonic ideals an seembols an aa.

The sang wis liltit at the openin o the Scots Pairlament, an is whiles associate wi ideas o Scots unthirldom, thoch the sang is anent fhit maks a chiel "honest" raither nor wi Scotlaun an its sel-govrenment, naither o thir things kythin ben the sang. It is kent ben translates intil ithir leids, foir ensample the German "Trotz Alledem Und Alledem".

The wirds "Pride o' Worth" frae the poem kythe on the crest o the *Scottish Qualifications Authority*.

## Leerics
*Is there for honest Poverty<br />*
*That hings his head, an' a' that;<br />*
*The coward slave-we pass him by,<br />*
*We dare be poor for a' that!<br />*
*For a' that, an' a' that.<br />*
*Our toils obscure an' a' that,<br />*
*The rank is but the guinea's stamp,<br />*
*The Man's the gowd for a' that.<br /><br />*
*What though on hamely fare we dine,<br />*
*Wear hoddin grey, an' a that;<br />*
*Gie fools their silks, and knaves their wine;<br />*
*A Man's a Man for a' that:<br />*
*For a' that, and a' that,<br />*
*Their tinsel show, an' a' that;<br />*
*The honest man, tho' e'er sae poor,<br />*
*Is king o' men for a' that.<br /><br />*
*Ye see yon birkie, ca'd a lord,<br />*
*Wha struts, an' stares, an' a' that;<br />*
*Tho' hundreds worship at his word,<br />*
*He's but a coof for a' that:<br />*
*For a' that, an' a' that,<br />*
*His ribband, star, an' a' that:<br />*
*The man o' independent mind<br />*
*He looks an' laughs at a' that.<br /><br />*
*A prince can mak a belted knight,<br />*
*A marquis, duke, an' a' that;<br />*
*But an honest man's abon his might,<br />*
*Gude faith, he maunna fa' that!<br />*
*For a' that, an' a' that,<br />*
*Their dignities an' a' that;<br />*
*The pith o' sense, an' pride o' worth,<br />*
*Are higher rank than a' that.<br /><br />*
*Then let us pray that come it may,<br />*
*(As come it will for a' that,)<br />*
*That Sense and Worth, o'er a' the earth,<br />*
*Shall bear the gree, an' a' that.<br />*
*For a' that, an' a' that,<br />*
*It's coming yet for a' that,<br />*
*That Man to Man, the world o'er,<br />*
*Shall brothers be for a' that.*

## Fremmit airtins

* A recordin o the poem set tae muisic
* The leerics an tuin
* Anaither recordin frae Jackson Greenhorn oan the Yes Scotland album - 2013
To a Louse

**To A Louse, On Seeing One On A Lady's Bonnet At Church** is a Robert Burns poem that he wrate in 1786.  The theme o the poem is that gin we "*see oorsels as ithers sees us*" we'd see wir ain fauts an be lowse o makkin sae mony mistaks.

## Fremmit airtins

*The poem, wi a dounlaidable version in Real Player
*Dawn Steele recitin the poem
*Analysis o the poem
To a Mouse

**Tae a Moose** (English: *To a Mouse*) is a Scots poem written bi Robert Burns in 1785 that wis includit in the *Kilmarnock Volume*, his first settin furth o musradry.  Burns wrate the poem efter, as the poem suggests, turnin up the wuinter nest o a moose that wis on his ferm wi his pleuch.

John Steinbeck teuk the teetle o his 1937 novelle *[[Of Mice and Men]]* frae a line in the seicont hintmaist stanza, the aften quotit: "*The best laid schemes o' mice an' men / Gang aft agley*".  The poem wis an influence on the Scots muisicker Ian Anderson an aw.

## Fremmit airtins

*
*Dawn Steele recitin the poem
*A wee video anent the poem.  The pronunciation's a bittie orra, but wirth a keek naetheless.
Breid

**Breid** is a staple fuid makkit by bakin a daich o floor an watter. Hit can be leavent or unleavent. Saut, saim an a leavenin augent sic as baurm ais common ingredients, tho breids can conteen a scowth o ither ingredients: milk, egg, succar, spice, fruit (sic as raisins), vegetables (sic as ingan), nits (sic as wawnits) or seeds (sic as puppy seeds).

## References
Yellae

**Yellae** is the colour o:
* A bananae
* A lemon

Yellae can represent licht an the sun's rays.
It can be a sign o couartiness an aw.

On road signs, yellae means "wairnin" or "danger". It is uised for tae mean this acause it is eith tae see. Some ainimals, like bees an hornets, uises the colour as a wairnin an aw, sae that ither ainimals will ken tae stey awa frae thaim.

Inkjet prenters uises yellae ink as ane o thair three basic colours, alang wi cyan ink an magenta ink.

Web Colour Code = #FFFF00
Colour

**Colour** is a property o licht as seen by fowk. Ilka colour haes a different wafflenth. 

The maist common colours are:
Reid

**Reid** is the colour that is on the ootside edge o the rainbowe. It is ane o the three primary colours, alang wi blue an yellae.  Reid licht haes a wafflenth atween 630-760&nbsp;nm.

Reid is the colour o bluid an tomataes. It is whiles uised for tae merk things that's wrang, important, or nae mowes. 

## Meanin o Reid
Reid micht can represent passion, anger, or luve.  In mony kintras, a reid licht shaws caurs whan thay shoud stap.

In politics, "reid" is sib tae Communism.  The "Reid Airmy" can refer tae the airmy o the auld Soviet Union, or the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae.
It is sib tae the Reid Brigade an aw.

Reid is the colour o fire an bluid, sae it is associate wi energy, weir, danger, docht, determination, as weel as passion, desire, an luve.

Reid is an emotionally intense colour. It is thocht that it tends tae raise bluid pressur an mak fowk braithe fester. It is gey eith tae tak tent o, whit is why stap signs, staplichts, an fire graith is for ordinar pentit reid. In heraldry, reid is aften uised for tae indicate gurr. It is a colour foond in mony naitional banners.

Reid brings tent tae text an eemages. It is a perfit colour for 'Buy Nou' or 'Sneck Here' buttons on Internet banners an wabsteids, acause it can mak some fowk want tae act swith. In adverteesin, reid is aften uised for tae cause erotic feelins (reid lips, reid nails, reid-licht destricts, 'Leddy in Reid', etc). Reid is widely uised for tae indicate danger (heich voltage signs, traffec lichts). This colour is associate wi energy an aw, sae it can be uised for tae promote energy drinks, gemmes, cars, or eetems tae dae wi sports an heich pheesical acteevity.
Siller (disambiguation)

**Siller** micht can refer to:

* Siller, the chemical element
* Siller (economics), a teep o money, lik the poond.
* Siller (colour), a metallic shade resemblin gray
* Money, kent as siller

----
In My Defens God Me Defend

***In my defens God me defend*** is the motto o baith the Ryal coat o airms o the Kinrick o Scotland an Ryal coat o airms o the Unitit Kinrick uised in Scotland. Contemporar versions o the Ryal airms shaws the motto in the cutty form o *IN DEFENS* or, whaur Inglis is uised as an alternative tae Scots, *IN DEFENCE*. The motto appears abuin the crest o the airms, in the tradeetion o Scots heraldry.

## Uisage
The motto *IN DEFENS* daesna anerly appear on the Ryal airms, but thegither wi the crest o the Ryal airms, upo the logo o baith the Croun Office an Procurator Fiscal Service an the General Register Office for Scotland an aw.

## Origins

In My Defens God Me Defend coud come frae an auld Scots prayer:

:::In my defens God me defend
:::And bring my sawl to ane good end...
:::ane vertuous lyf procureth ane happie death

And:

:::In my defens God me defend
:::And bring my soul to ane guid end
:::When A am sick and like to die
:::Father of Heaven hath mercy on me.

Awso, in the form o a couplet:

:::In me defens God me defend
:::An bring my saulle to ane guid end O Lord.

## See an aw
* Ryal coat o airms o Scotland
* Ryal coat o airms o the Unitit Kinrick
* Scotland
* Kinrick o Scotland
* Order o the Thristle
* Nemo me impune lacessit

## References
Orange (colour)

**Orange** is a colour. It is the combination o reid an yellae.

Tae the ee o a body, orange is a gey "hot" colour, sae it gies the sensation o heat. Naetheless, orange isna as aggressive as reid. Orange increases oxygen supply tae the harn, produces an invigoratin effect, an stimulates mental activity. As a citrus colour, orange is associate wi healthy fuid an stimulates appetite. Orange is the colour o the hairst. In heraldry, orange is seembolic o strenth an endurement. Orange is the colour o the oranger fruit.

Orange haes gey heich visibility, sae fowk can uise it tae catch attention a highlicht the maist important elements o thair design. Orange is gey effective for promotin fuid products an toys. On road signs, the colour orange means there is construction wirk aheid. It is uised for these signs acause it can eithly be seen e'en at nicht.

Daurk orange can mean deceivery an mislippen. Reid-orange corresponds tae desire, sexual passion, pleasur, domination, aggression, an thirst for action. Gowd evokes the feelin o prestige. The meanin o gowd is illumination, wiceheid, an walth. Gowd aften seembolizes heich quality.
Blae

**Blae** is a colour atween blue an gray. There a seimilar wird in the Gaelic: 'liath' is uised fur 'gray an fur 'fauch blue' an the colours atween thaim (sae it's uised fur 'blae').
Poust (naitural philosophy)

In naitural philosophy, **Poust** is whit chynges or tends tae chynge a state o rest or motion in an object. Poust causes objects tae accelerate, add tae the object's owerall pressur, or chynge direction. Poust is measured in Newtons (**N**).

Accordin tae Newton's Seicont Law o Motion, the formula for findin poust is:
:F = ma
whaur F is the poust, 
m is the mass o an object, 
an a is the acceleration o the object.

If ye set a tae the staundart gravity *g*, than anither formula can be fund:

:W = mg
whaur W is the wecht o an object, 
m is the mass o an object, 
an g is the acceleration due tae gravity at sea level. It is aboot 9.8m/s^2.

Poust is a vector, sae it haes baith a magnitude an a direction.
Bydgoszcz

**Bydgoszcz** is a ceity locatit in northren Poland, on the Brda an Vistula rivers, wi a population o 358,614 (Juin 2014), agglomeration mair nor 460,000, which maks it the 8t lairgest ceity in Poland. It haes been the co-caipital wi Toruń o the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship syne 1999, an wis previously the caipital o the Bydgoszcz Voivodeship (1947–1998) an afore that, o the Pomeranian Voivodeship (1945–1947). Syne 1999 it is an aa the seat o Bydgoszcz Coonty.

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns
Bydgoszcz is twinned wi:

### Friendship relations
Bydgoszcz an aa maintains friendship relations wi thir ceities:

## References
Israel

**Israel**  (Hebrew: יִשְרָאֵל, *Yisra'el*; Arabic: إسرائيل, *Isrā'īl*) is a kintra in the sooth-eastren Middle East that mairches Lebanon, Sirie, Jordan an Egyp. The caipital an muckle maist ceety is Jerusalem. Its watter mairch is the Mediterranean Sea tae the wast, the Reid Sea tae the sooth. It haes a population o ower 9,000,000 fowk.

Israel is a pairlamentary democracy. It is a daveloped kintra an haes the 26t biggest economy in the warld.

## Photies

Image:Temple Mount Western Wall on Shabbat by David Shankbone.jpg|The Wastren Waw an the Dome o the Rock, Jerusalem
Image:Knesset.jpg|The Knesset (Israel's pairliament), Jerusalem
Image:(2691) Tel Aviv.jpg|Tel Aviv
Image:Judea 2 by David Shankbone.jpg|Judaean Desert
Image:Wheat-haHula-ISRAEL2.JPG|Hula Valley
Image:Brechat ram mt hermon.JPG|Loch Ram an Moont Hermon
Image:Hermonx.JPG|Moont Hermon
Image:Littleuni 13.jpg|Ramat Gan
Image:The Underwater Observatory in Eilat.jpg|Eilat
Image:Israel Haifa1 tango7174.jpg|Haifa
Image:Weizmann accelerator.jpg|Weizmann Institute o Science, Tel Aviv  
Image:Cymbalista Synagogue.jpg|Cymbalista Synagogue, Tel Aviv


## Notes

## References
Adelaide

**Adelaide** (; Kaurna: *Tarntanya*) is a muckle ceety in the state o Sooth Australie, Australie. Adelaide is kent as the ceety o kirks. It haes a population o aboot 1.3 million.

## References
InterRail

The **InterRail** pass is a train pass, anerly open tae residenters (meenimum 6 month) o Europe, that allous unleemitit traivel for a defined period o time, cep on special trains sic as heich-speed trains an some nicht trains. Residenters o ither kintras can coff the seemilar Eurail pass.

The fare structur is different frae that afore 1 Aprile 2007.

## Global Pass
The **Global Pass** is, cep for the kintra that the traiveler bides in, habile in aw European kintras that taks pairt: Austrick, Belgium, Bosnie an Herzegovinae, Bulgarie, Croatie, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Fraunce, Germany, Great Breetain, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Macedonie, Monaco, Montenegro, the Netherlands, Norrowey, Poland, Portugal, Romanie, Serbie, Slovakie, Slovenie, Spain, Swisserland, Swaden, Turkey.

It isna habile in the kintra that the traiveler bides in, an no on railweys in Albanie, Belarus, Estonie, Latvie, Lithuanie, Moldovae, Roushie an Ukraine. There arena railweys in Andorrae, Cyprus, Faroe Islands, Gibraltar, Iceland, Malta or San Marino. L'Hospitalet-Près-l'Andorre in Fraunce is the ewest railwey station for Andorrae. Rimini in Italy is the ewest station for San Marino.

## ''One-Country Pass''
The **'One-Country Pass**' (*Ae-Kintra Pass*) is available for ilkane o the follaein kintras, cep the traiveler's hame kintra:

Kintras wi price level 1 (heichest):
*Fraunce, Germany, Great Breetain, Ireland, Norrowey, Swaden
Kintras wi price level 2:
*Austrick, Benelux, Finland, Greece Plus, Italy, Spain, Swisserland, Turkey
Kintras wi price level 3:
*Croatie, Denmark, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Portugal, Romanie
Kintras wi price level 4:
*Bosnie an Herzegovinae, Bulgarie, Czech Republic, Macedonie, Serbie, Slovakie, Slovenie
There arna sindry passes for Belgium, Luxembourg, an the Netherlands, insteid there is ane for the hail o  Benelux (price level 2). It is available for residents in Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands an aw, but for thaim it is anerly valid in the twa kintras that arna thair hame kintra.
The "Greece Plus" ticket includes ferry transpose atween Greece an Italy.
Bosnie an Herzegovina an Montenegro daesna tak pairt in the Inter Rail *One-Country Pass* offer.

The *One-Country Pass* haes replaced the Eurodomino pass.
Halyruid

**Halyruid** (Ingles: *Holyrood*; Gaelic: *Taigh an Ròid*) is pairt o Edinburgh, the caipital o Scotland.

Halyruid is tae the east o the ceety centre, at the fit o the Ryal Mile; Halyruid wis ance in Canongate, a burgh in its ain richt, afore the growth o Edinburgh in 1856. Wastren pairts o Halyruid, ootby Halyruid Park, wad be cried Canongate an Dumbiedykes.

Halyruid includes the follaein steids:
# The modren Scots Pairlament Biggin.
# The Pailace o Halyruidhoose, the offeecial hoose o the monarch in Scotland.
# The larrochs o Halyruid Aibey
# Halyruid Pairk, a muckle ryal pairk aboot the pailace.
# The *[[Moray Hoose Schuil of Education]]*.
# *[[Our Dynamic Earth]]*.
# A nummer o residential, licht commercial, an government haudins.

*Halyruid* is aften uised as a metonym for the institution o the Scots Pairlament.
Judaeo-Spaingie

**Ladino** is an Iberian Romance leids descendit frae Auld Castillian. The leid cam aboot aifter the first Keeng an Queen o Spain, Ferdinand an Isabel, declared that Jewish fowk cuid nae langer bide in the lands o the new unitit kinrick o Spain. Thon wis cryed the Alhambra decree o 31 Mairch 31, 1492. Fowk that wis Jewish an haed been bidin in Iberia an spaekin leids descendit frae the Laitin lang syne wis gart tae fin new kintras tae bide in. The folk that flitted frae Spain haed taen new hames aw ower north Africa an sooth-east Europe, whaur thair kin bade, spaekin the leid, for generations.

Ladino haes a wheen o wirds frae the Ebreu leid the nou —- an frae the French, Greek, an Turkis leids forbye —- but the mucklemaist pairt o the wirds is taen frae Auld Castillian. Monie sounds that hae vainisht in Modren Castillian is aye uised in Ladino, juist lik in Auld Castillian.

100,000 folk in Israel say thay ken the wey tae spaek Ladino. Thare's 8,000 spaekers forbye in Turkey, 1,000 in Greece, 300 in the Unitit States, an 150 in Bosnie an Herzegovinae.

## Fremmit airtins
* lad.wikipedia.org, La Vikipedya en Judeo-Español, לה בֿיקיפידייה אין גֿודיו־איספאנײל
MediaWiki

**MediaWiki** is the name o the saftware that gars aw Wikimedia projects rin. MediaWiki wis stairtit in 2003. The saftware is liecensed throw the Gnu General Public Liecense.
Luncarty

**Luncarty** (pronoonced *Lun-cir'-ty*) is a wee clachan (an there is nae a kirk biggin) in Perth an Kinross, Scotland, aboot fower mile north o Perth.

## Sport
### Fitbaa
Luncarty is the hame o Scots Junior Fitbaa Associe club Luncarty F.C.

## Kenspeckle residenters

* Mark Brewster wis winner o the D&AD *yalla pencil* awaird in 2006

* Jimmy Guthrie - Wis Born in Luncarty in 1912. He wis Caiptin o Portsmooth F.C. whan they won the 1939 FA Cup Feenal an Chairman o the Players' Union 1946-1957.

## Fremmit airtins
*Luncarty Commonty Wabsteid
Adradas

**Adradas** is a municipality in the Province o Soria, in Castile an León (Spain). It haes 79 indwallers
Turkis leid

**Turkis** is a leid that is spak in Turkey, Cyprus, Bulgarie, Greece, an ither kintras that wis pairt o the umwhile Ottoman Empire. Mony fowk haes quat thae pairts in recent years for tae bide ithergates. Forby thon thare's several million speakers o Turkis in ither pairts o Europe an a puckle in Australie an North Americae.

Turkis is a member o the Altaic faimily o leids. It is ane o the few human leids wi a featur cried *vouel hermony* that guides whaur the vouel soonds will be athin a wird. Vouels that's unalike canna be ower naur thegither. Ither lieds that haes thon is Mongolian an Manchu that's baith Altaic leids forby.

Turkis wirds for ordinar maks a phrase in sic a wey: Subject Object Verb (SOV). Gin a body wis tae mak an SOV Scots phrase, it wad gang siclike: "The dug the hen ett."

Turkis uised tae be scrieved wi the Arabic alphabet frae aboot 900 AD tae 1928.  In the Ottoman Empire, Turkis leid haed a fouthie leeteratur, an mony beuks war scrieved in it. Houaniver, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk chynged it tae the Latin alphabet acause he wantit his kintra tae be integrated wi waster kintras tae tak advantage o technological betterments o thaim. European kintras war developit gey fest efter the Renaissance an thay left the Ottoman Empire ahint. As a eftercome, maist Turks nou canna screed aff text scrieve afore the chynge. (*Türkçe*)

This leid is maist nearly relatit tae ither Turkic leids, includin Uzbek, Turkmen, an Kazakh. Thare is anither theory that Turkis is pairt o a muckler Altaic leid faimily, whit includes Japanese, Mongolie, an Korean an aw.

## References
Orion (constellation)

**Orion**, whiles cried The Hunter, is a kenspeckle constellation, aiblins ane o the lairgest an maist weel kent. Its gesserant starns is fund on the celestial equator an can be seen athort the warld. The Keengs' ellwand o starns - three starns o middlin brichtness in the mids o this constellation - maks this constellation easy tae find. Frae mid-northren latitudes, Orion is veesible in the e'enin frae October tae early Januar an in the mornin frae late Julie tae November.
Orion swuird is aften kent as Saunt Peter's staff.
Ivanhoe

***Ivanhoe*** is a novel bi Walter Scott.  It wis set furth in 1819 an set in 12t-century Ingland, an ensample o historical fiction.  *Ivanhoe* is whiles gied credit fer hulpin tae heize up popular intress in the middle eilds in 19t-century Europe an Americae.

The story is anent a Saxon knicht, Wilfred o Ivanhoe, ane o the hinmaist Saxons in the Inglis nobility, that's maistly Norman French at the time o the novel.  Ithir chairacters include Robin Hood - the wey Scott wrate aboot him in this novel wis tae hae a muckle influence on hou fowk wis tae see this canty outlaw in later leeteratur an films.

The novel haes been adaptit monie times for televeision, wi sic actors as Roger Moore, Errol Flynn an Anthony Andrews playin the heid pairt.

## Fremmit airtins
* Online edition at eBooks@Adelaide
Centre for the Scots Leid

The **Centre for the Scots Leid** (CSL) is a curn that wirks tae promote the uiss o Scots an gie information an wittins aboot whit's gaun on in the Scots leid warld.

## History
The CSL wis stairtit in 1994, unner the name o The Scots Language Resource Centre.  It cam about frae an ineetiative begoud by the Scots Leid Associe.  They got support frae the Perth Cooncil an a space wis fund for thaim tae hae an office in the AK Bell Librar in Perth, that wis bein biggit at thon time, the office is aye in the same steid the day.  The first director o  the Centre wis Stuart McHardy.  The Buird Convenor wis Chairlie Jones frae the Varsity o Edinburgh.

## Wabsite
The CSL's wark is tae gaither in an pit oot information aboot Scots an maist o this wark is duin on their wabsite, that haes wittins, airticles, spoken wird recordins, blogs an ithir featurs.  Maist o the site is in baith Scots an Inglis, tho pairts o it is juist in ane o thir leids, sic as the blogs, that's juist in Scots.  Ane o the featurs is the *Scots Wurd o the Week*, that's taen frae the Herald Newspaper, an can be heard in a wee soondclip file read by sic fowk as actress Joyce, makar Rab Wilson an Alasdair Allan MSP.

Mair oot ower the CSL rins an annual programme o its ain online events an featurs.

Fowk that's wantin wittins o whit's gaun on in the warld o the Scots leid can sign up tae a mailin list frae the Centre on the wabsite, that sends oot emails ilka month tellin fowk whit's comin in the near an furder aff future, sic as the SLA's Collogue, scrievin compeetitions, talks etc.

## Relationship wi ither Scots leid groups
Syne the CSL gies a space whaur fowk can gie wittins an find oot whit's gaun on, it haes  richt freendly relationships wi ither groups an single bodies that's aye dargin tae gie the leid mair o a staundin in ilka day life.
Mair speceefically, the CSL wirks wi a reenge o pairtners, amang them can be coontit the *National Library of Scotland*, the *Scottish Poetry Library*, the Herald an the Lorimer Trust.

## Staff
*Michael Hance - Director
*Dr. Dauvit Horsbroch - Language an Lair
*Avril Nicol - Clerical Assistant
*Andy Philip - Politics an Activism
*Katrina Macleod - Eddication an Lairnin
*Stuart Muddie - Volunteer Information Officer
*Duncan Sneddon - Volunteer Information Officer

## Fremmit Airtins
*Scots Language Centre
Górnik Zabrze

**Górnik Zabrze** is a fitbaw team frae the ceety o Zabrze, Poland. Thay war foondit in 1948. They play thair gemmes at the Ernest Pohl Arena in Zabrze. The Ernest Pohl Arena haes 718,000 seats.

### Fitbaa Honours
## Honours
* **[[Ekstraklasa|Ekstraklasa (First League)]]**
** **1st Place** (14): 1957, 1959, 1961, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1971, 1972, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988
** **2nd Place** (4): 1962, 1969, 1974, 1991
* **[[Polish Cup]]**
** **Winner** (6): 1965, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972
** **Finalist** (7): 1956, 1957, 1962, 1966, 1986, 1992, 2001
* **[[Polish SuperCup]]:**
** **Winners** (1): 1988
* **[[Ekstraklasa Cup|Polish League Cup]]:**
** **Winners** (1) 1978 (Not Official)
* **[[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup|UEFA Cup Winners' Cup (UEFA Cup)]]:**
** **Finalist** (1): 1970

## Fremmit Airtins
* Official club website