open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Banner o Norawa

The **banner o [[Norawa]]** is reid wi an indigo blue Scandinavian cross ootlined in white that stends till the banner's edges; the cross's upricht pairt is shiftit tae the hyst side in the style o the Dannebrog, the Dens banner. The naitional banner's proportions is 22:16 (width tae heicht), its colour elements haein weenths o 6:1:2:1:12 an heichts o 6:1:2:1:6.
The state banner's proportions is 27:16, or 6:1:2:1:6:11 horizontally an 6:1:2:1:6 vertically.

The reid colour sall be *PMS 200* an the blue *PMS 281* in the Pantone seestem. This approximates tae the RGB values #BA0C2F (red) an #00205B (blue).

## Seembolism
Fredrik Meltzer refert his proponin juist in time tae be exhibitit in pairliament on 4 Mey 1821 thegither wi a lairge nummer o ither proponins. It wis approbate bi baith houses in the follaein twa week. Meltzer hissel providit nae written explanation o his design an colour choice. Housomeivver, his mynt mey be taikent tae an earlier letter o the 30t Aprile wi his observes regairdin the proponin frae the banner committee. That design wis dividit quarterly reid an white. Meltzer objectit tae the colours acause thay wur ower seemilar tae the Dens banner anes. He addit that it equally wadnae be eftergate tae chuise the colours o ony o "thae states wi whilk we hae been or are connectit". Insteid, he recommendit a tricolor o reid, white an blue, "three colours that nou denote freedom, lik we hae seen in the French freedom banner, an still see in the Dutch an Americans anes, an in the Union o the Inglish".

His eventual chyce a few days efter o a Nordic cross wis drawn bi his son, Gerhard, an wis clearly based on the tradeetion establisht bi the ither Nordic kintras, Denmark an Swaden. The reid an blue colours forby explicitly refert tae the same twa kintras, umwhile an present union pairtners. It wis clearly unnerstuid bi aw wha teuk pairt in the banner discussions locally, in the press or in parliament whit thae colours denotit. A predominantly reid banner haed mony adherents amang thaim wha wis attacht tae the union wi Denmark or tae its banner, whilk fur centuries haed been Norawa's banner an aw. Ithers, wha saw Denmark as a thringer, favourt the blue colour associate wi the new Swadish dynasty. Consequently, maist o the ither banner proposals on the agenda haed either reid or blue as the predominant colour, dependin on the poleetical preferences o the proposers.

## References
Coat o airms o Norawa

The **coat o airms o Norawa** is a crouned, golden lion rampant hauldin an axe wi an argent blade, on a crouned, triangular an reid escutcheon. Its elements oreeginate frae personal insignias for the ryal hoose in the Heich Middle Ages, sicweys bein amang the auldest in Europe. In Norrowey, the moti o the coat o airms is aften cawed «Den norske løve», literally translatit «The Norse Lion».
Banner o Croatie

The **[[Croatie|Croatian]] banner** consists o three equal size, horizontal stripes in the pan-Slavic colours reid, white an blue. An aa, banner o Croatie is the combination o colours o banners o Kinrick o Croatie (red an white), Kinrick o Slavonie (white an blue) an Kinrick o Dalmatie (red an blue). That three Kinricks are three historic constituent states o the Croatian Kinrick. In the middle is the Coat o airms o Croatie.

The reid-white-blue tricolour haes been uised as the Croatian banner syne 1848, seembolisin the Pan-Slavic colours. While the Banovinae o Croatie existit athin the Kinrick o Yugoslavie, it haed a seemilar banner athoot the modren croun abuin the chequy. While Croatie wis pairt o SFR Yugoslavia its tricolour wis the same, but it haed a five-pointit reid starn wi a yellae border in place o the coat o airms. The starn wis replaced bi the coat in Mey 1990, shortly efter the first multi-pairty elections. The current banner an the coat o airms wur offeecially adoptit on December 21, 1990, aboot ten month afore the proclamation o unthrildom frae Yugoslavie an a day afore the Constitution o Croatiw on 22 December 1990.
The shield is in the reid an white checks o Croatie. Abuin is a croun made o shields o its various regions. Frae left tae richt thay are the auncient airms o Croatie, Dubrovnik, Dalmatie, Istrie, an Slavonie.

## Ither offeecial banners in Croatie

File:Flag of the President of Croatia.svg|Staundard o the Preses o the Republic o Croatie.
File:Naval Jack of Croatia.svg|Naval jack. Banner ratio: 2:3


## See an aa
*Banners o Croatie

## Freemit airtins

*
*Everything about the Croatian flags
*History of the Croatian Flag in brief
*Historical Flags (1848-1918)
Banner o the Netherlands

The **[[banner]] o the [[Netherlands]]** is a horizontal tricolour o reid, white, an blue. Introduced in 1572, it is ane o the first tricolours an the auldest tricolour still in uise the day. Syne 1937, the banner haes offeecially been the naitional banner o the Netherlands an o the Kinrick o the Netherlands.

## Description
The naitional banner o the Netherlands is a tricolor banner. The horizontal fesses are baunds o equal size in the colours, frae tap tae bottom, reid (offeecially describit as a "bricht vermilion"), white (silver), an blue ("cobalt blue"). The banner proportions (width:lenth) are 2:3.
The first stadtholder o the Dutch Republic wis William I o Orange, who jynt wi Dutch naitionalists an led the struggle for unthrildom frae Spain. Pairtly oot o respect for him, the first banner adoptit bi the Dutch wis a horizontal tricolour o orange, white, an blue. It became kent as the *Prinsenvlag* ("Prince's banner") an wis based on the livery o William o Orange. The orange dye wis parteecularly unstable an tendit tae turn reid efter a while, sae in the mid-17t century, red wis made the offeecial colour. The banner haes flewn syne then, but wis confirmed bi Ryal Decree anerlie in 1937, at the same time the colour parameters wur exactly defined. As the first revolutionary banner, it haes haed a seminal influence throughoot the warld, parteecularly on the Pan-Slavic colors o Roushie. Till aboot 1800, in the case o baith the orange- an the reid-striped versions, the nummer o stripes an thair order frequently varied.

## References
Coat o airms o Croatie

The **[[Coat o airms]] o [[Croatie]]** consists o ane main shield an five smawer shields which form a croun ower the main shield. The main coat o airms is a checkerboard (chequy) that consists o 13 reid an 12 siller (white) fields. It's commonly kent as ***šahovnica*** ("chessboard", frae *šah*, "chess" in Croatian) or grb (literally coat o airms). The five smawer shields represent five different historical regions that comprise Croatie.
Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte

**Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte** (, ), kent as **Sri Jayawardenapura** or **Kotte** කෝට්ටේ an aw, is the admeenistrative caipital o Sri Lanka. It is locatit ayont the eastren suburbs o the commercial caipital Colombo an is aften cried *New Caipital Territory*. The Parliament o Sri Lanka haes been based thare syne the formal inauguration o its new biggin on 29 Aprile 1982.
Coat o airms o Slovenie

The **[[Slovenie|Slovenian]] [[coat o airms]]** consists o a blue shield, bund bi reid, on whilk thare is a stylised white munt Triglav. Unner Triglav thare twa bendin lines that represent the sea an rivers, an abuin Triglav thare three gowden, sax-pointit starns, formin a triangle. The starns is takken frae the coat o airms o the coonts o Celje.

## History
**[[Kinrick o Yugoslavie]]:**
Till the dissolution o Austrick-Hungary, Slovene lands didna hae a coat o airms representin the hale naition, insteid it haed a different coat o airms for ivery land.
Whan the State o Slovenes, Croats an Serbs merged wi Kinrick of Serbie, Slovenie got the first real coat o airms, whilk actually wis a hivily modified ane frae the Serbian Kinrick.
The coat o airms presents the Serbian shield wi white cross on the left, the Croatian shield on the richt an unner baith thare is a blue shield presentin Slovenes.

**[[Socialist Republic o Slovenie]]:**

The sea an the munt Triglav motive appeared in the coat o airms o the Socialist Republic o Slovenie, ane o sax constituent republics o the Socialist Federal Republic o Yugoslavie. The umwhile coat o airms wis roondit bi wheat wi linden leafs an featurt a reid starn on tap o it. Thare wis the ither coat o airms whilk presentit the hale o Yugoslavie an aa. The new coat o airms wis then designed bi Marko Pogačnik.

## See an aa
* Jakob Aljaž

## References
Coat o airms o the Czech Republic

The **Coat o airms o the [[Czech Republic]]** () displays the three historical regions – the Czech lands –  which mak up the naition:

File:Small coat of arms of the Czech Republic.svg|Bohemie
File:Znak Moravy.svg|Moravie
 File:Znak Slezska.svg|Silesie

The airms o Bohemie shaw a siller double-tailed lion on a reid backgrund. The Bohemian Lion is repeatit in the lawer-left-haund side o the coat o airms (frae the perspective o the body hauldin the shield). The Moravian red-an-siller chequered eagle is shawn on a blue backgrund. Syne the days o the Habsburg Monarchy till 1918, the Moravian Eagle wis chequered in the reid-an-gowd colours o the Habsburg dynasty. The airms o Silesie are a black eagle wi the sae-cawed "clover stalk" in her breast on a golden backgrund, awtho anerlie a sma sooth-eastren pairt o the historical region (Czech Silesie) belangs tae Czechie.

The history o Czech coat o airms dates back tae the 13t century, when the Bohemian Lion, a meed bi Emperor Frederick Barbarossa tae King Vladislaus II o Bohemie, appeared on the seal o his Přemyslid descendant King Ottokar II (1253-1278). The Moravian Eagle wis first documentit on the seal o Ottokar's uncle, Margrave Přemysl (d. 1239). The shields an aa appeared on the coat o airms o the Lands o the Bohemian Croun establisht bi Emperor Charles IV. The Silesian Eagle stems frae the rulin dynasty o the Piasts an wis first applee'd bi Duke Henry II the Pious (1238-1241).

The day the shield is an aa uised as the badge for the Czech naitional fitbaa team an Czech naitional ice hockey team.

File:Erb Přemyslovců.png|Přemyslid dynasty 
File:Wappen Königreich Böhmen.png|Kinrick o Bohemie 
File:Znak ZKC.PNG|Lands o the Bohemian Croun (1526-1635)


## References
Coat o airms o the Netherlands

The **Greater Coat o Airms o the Realm**, (or "Groot Rijkswapen"), is the personal coat o airms o the monarch o the Netherlands (currently King Willem-Alexander). The govrenment o the Netherlands uises a smawer version athoot the mantle (cloak) or the pavilion or whiles even anerlie uises the shield an croun. The components o the coats o airms wur regulatit bi Queen Wilhelmina in a Ryal decree o 10 Julie 1907 an wur affirmed bi Queen Juliana in a Ryal decree o 23 Aprile 1980. (For the maist uised version o the airms see the wabsteid o the Dutch Royal House )

## Description
The blazon is follows:

*[[Azure]], billetty [[Or (heraldry)|Or]] a [[Lion (heraldry)|lion]] wi a [[coronet]] Or airmed an langued [[Gules]] hauldin in his dexter paw a [[swuird]] [[Argent]] hilted Or and in the sinister paw seiven [[arraes]] Argent pointit an bund thegither Or.* [The seiven arraes staund for the seiven provinces o the Union o Utrecht.] The shield is crouned wi the (Dutch) ryal croun an supportit bi twa lions *Or airmed an langued gules*. Thay staund on a scroll Azure wi the text (*Or*) "Je Maintiendrai" (medieval French for "A will maintain".)

The monarch places this coat o airms on a mantle *gules* lined wi Ermine. Abuin the mantle is a pavilion *gules* again topped wi the ryal croun.

In the Ryal decree it is statit that the male successors can replace the croun on the shield bi a helm wi the crest o Nassau.
Valletta

**Valletta** is the caipital o Maltae, colloquially kent as **Il-Belt** () in Maltese. It is locatit in the central-eastren portion o the island o Malta an the historical ceity haes a population o 6,098. The name "Valletta" is tradeetionally reserved for the historic wawed citadel that serves as Maltae's principal admeenistrative destrict. Housomeivver, Valletta, lik mony historical ceity centres, forms pairt o a conteenous urban agglomeration eften referred tae as "Greater Valletta." Accordin tae Eurostat, Valletta haes a population o 368,250 at the ceity level.

Valletta conteens biggins frae the 16t century onwards, biggit durin the rule o the Order o St. John o Jerusalem, kent as Knights Hospitaller an aw. The ceity is essentially Baroque in character, wi elements o Mannerist, Neo-Classical an Modren airchitectur in selectit auries, tho Warld War II left major scars on the ceity. The Ceity o Valletta wis offeecially recognised as a Warld Heritage Site bi UNESCO in 1980.

The ceity is named for Jean Parisot de la Valette, who succeedit in defendin the island frae an Ottoman invasion in 1565. The offeecial name gien bi the Order o Saunt John wis **Humilissima Civitas Valletta** — The Maist Humble Ceity o Valletta, or **Città Umilissima** in Italian. The bastions, curtains an ravelins alang wi the beauty o its Baroque pailaces, gardens an kirks, led the rulin hooses o Europe tae gie the ceity its nickname **Superbissima** — 'Maist Proud'.
Banner o Denmark

The naitional **banner o [[Denmark]]**, ***Dannebrog***, is reid wi a white Scandinavian cross that extends tae the edges o the banner; the vertical pairt o the cross is shiftit tae the hoist side. The cross design o the Dens banner wis subsequently adoptit bi the ither Nordic kintras; Swaden, Norawa, Finland, Iceland an the Faroe Islands, as well as the non-Nordic Scots regions o Shetland an Orkney. Durin the Dens-Norse personal union, Dannebrog ("Dens cloth") wis an aa the banner o Norawa an continued tae be, wi slicht modifications, till Norawa adoptit its current banner in 1821.

Dannebrog is the auldest state banner in the warld still in uise bi an independent naition. Prior tae the uise o Dannebrog, Dens forces are kent tae hae uised the raven banner.

## Interpretation o the colours

## References
Banner o Vatican Ceety

The **[[banner]] o [[Vatican Ceety]]** wis adoptit on Juin 7, 1929, the year Pape Pius XI signed the Lateran Treaty wi Italy, creatin a new independent state governed bi the Holy See. The Vatican banner is modeled on the banner o the earlier Papal States.

## The banner
The banner consists o twa vertical baunds, ane o gowd (hoist side) an ane o white wi the crossed keys o Saunt Peter an the Papal Tiara centered in the white baund. The crossed keys conseest o a golden an a siller key, in which the siller key is placed in the dexter poseetion. The banner is ane o ae twa square kintra banners in the warld, the ither bein the banner o Swisserland.

The Vatican Ceety coat o airms can be foond in the white hauf. The coat o airms consists o:

* the papal tiara (as uised unner the pontificate o Pius XI);
* the twa keys which represent the keys tae Heaven (accordin tae the Gospel o Matthew 16:19) gien bi Jesus Christ tae St. Peter. The popes are regardit as the successor o Peter, an the gowd an siller keys hae been significant elements in the seembolism o the Papal State syne the 13t century. The gowd represents spiritual pouer, while the siller key represents warldly pouer. 
* a reid cord connectin the keys.

The yellae an white o the banner an aa refer tae the keys – in heraldic terminology, thare is nae distinction atween yellae an gowd (the metallic colour *or*), nor atween white an siller (*argent*).

The banner is flewn or displayed warldwide in Roman Catholic kirks an institutions, uisually alangside the naitional banner o whaur the kirk or institution is locatit.

## The flag o the Holy See
As statit abuins, the banner o the Vatican Ceety State shows the airms wi the siller key in the dexter poseetion. In case o the banner o the Holy See, which is no the same as the Vatican Ceety State, the keys are reversed. When the Vatican Ceety State wis established in 1929, the keys in the airms o the Holy See, which shows the gowd ane in dexter poseetion, wur reversed tae provide a distinctive seembol for the new state. In the personal airms o the popes, the keys are arranged as in the airms o the Holy See. The opposite arrangement wad be equivalent tae treatin him as merely the heid o that little state.

## References
Banner o Poland

The **banner o [[Poland]]** consists o twa horizontal stripes o equal width, the upper ane white an the lawer ane reid. The twa colors are defined in the Polish constitution as the naitional colors. A variant o the banner wi the naitional coat o airms in the middle o the white stripe is legally reserved for offeecial uise abroad an at sea. A seemilar banner wi the addition o a swallow-tail is uised as the naval ensign o Poland.

White an reid wur offeecially adoptit as naitional colors in 1831. Thay are o heraldic oreegin an derive frae the tinctures (colors) o the coats o airms o the twa constituent naitions o the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, i.e. the White Eagle o Poland an the Pursuer (, ) o Lithuanie, a white knight ridin a white horse, baith on a reid shield. Prior tae that, Polish sodgers wore cockades o various colour combinations. The naitional banner wis offeecially adoptit in 1919. Syne 2004, Pols Banner Day is celebratit on Mey 2.

The banner is flewn continuously on the biggins o the heichest naitional authorities, sic as the parliament an the presidential palace. Ither institutions an mony Polish fowk flee the naitional banner on naitional holidays an ither special occasions o naitional significance. Current Polish law daes no restrict the uise o the naitional banner athoot the coat o airms as lang as the banner is no disrespectit.

Horizontal bicolor o white an reid bein a relatively widespread design, thare are several flags that are seemilar but unrelatit tae the Polish ane, maist notably those o Bohemie in the Czech Republic an Tyrol in Austrick, an twa naitional banners wi the reid stripe abuin the white ane: those o Indonesie an Monaco. In Poland, mony banners based on the naitional design an aa featur the naitional colors.
Banner o Lithuanie

The **[[banner]] o [[Lithuanie]]** consists o a horizontal tricolor o yellae, green an reid. It wis adoptit on 20 Mairch 1989, amost twa years afore the reestablishment o Lithuanie's unthirldom follaein the end o the Soviet Union. Afore its readoption, the banner haed been uised frae 1918 till 1940 whan Lithuanie wis occupied an then annexed bi the Soviet Union. This banner haed lichter colours. Efter a brief occupation bi Nazi Germany (1941–1945), frae 1945 till 1989, the Soviet Lithuanian banner consistit first o a generic reid Soviet banner wi the name o the republic, then chynged tae the reid banner wi white an green bars at the bottom. The last alteration tae the current banner occurred in 2004 whan the aspect ratio chynged frae 1:2 tae 3:5. The banner is identical tae the banner o the Dens island Ærø, an aa locatit bi the Baltic Sea.

## Design an seembolism

Passed on 26 Juin 1991, the Law o the Republic o Lithuanie on the Lithuanian State Banner governs the design, sizes an uise o the state banner. The law wis last amended on Julie 8, 2004, wi the maist notable chynges includin the switchin o the naitional banner ratio frae 1:2 tae 3:5 an the offeecial adoption o a historical banner as the state (govrenment) banner. The amendment came intae force on September 1, 2004, efter it wis approved bi Preses Valdas Adamkus.

The proper colours o baith the naitional an state banner are made accordin tae the Pantone Matchin Seestem, specifically Pantone textile-paper (TP). The ratio o baith the naitional an state banner must be 3:5, wi the staundart banner size tae be 1 meter bi 1.7 meters. Different sizes o the banner can be creatit, but thay must conform tae the colour codes an ratio requirements set in the law.

The yellae in the banner is meant tae seembolise the golden fields o Lithuanie, the green is for its green kintrasides, an the reid represents aw the bluid that haes been shed for Lithuanie. The offeecial Pantone colours hae been published syne 2004; the leet ablo shows the offeecial colours an thair suggestit equivalents:

## References
Banner o Estonie

The naitional **banner o [[Estonie]]** () is a tricolour featurin three equal horizontal baunds o blue (top), black, an white. The normal size is 105 × 165 cm. In Estonian it is colloquially cawed the "*sinimustvalge*" (literally "blue-black-white") , efter the colours o the baunds.

## Seembology
Thare are a nummer o interpretations attributit tae the colours o the banner. A historical interpretation o the colours haes blue representin auncient freedom, black seembolisin lost unthrildom an white, the promise o a brichter future. Anither interpretation made popular bi the poetry o Martin Lipp is as follaes:
*blue: vaultit blue sky abuin the native land; 
*black: attachment tae the soil o the hameland as well as the fate o Estonians – for centuries black wi worries;
*white: haurd wirk, purity, commitment, an (maist likely) white sails o ships

## Colours o the banner
The shade o blue is defined in the Estonian banner law as follaes: Blue tone is on the internaitional PANTONE table o colours 285 C. 

CMYK equivalents: C=91, M=43, Y=0, K=0

## References
Coat o airms o Estonie

The current **[[coat o airms]] o [[Estonie]]** is a gowden shield whilk includes three slim, blue leopards (or lions passant guardant) in the middle, wi aik branches alang the side o the shield. The insignie wis copied frae the coat o airms o Denmark, whilk ruled Northren Estonie in the 13t century.

The Riigikogu (the state assembly) o the independent Republic o Estonie offeecially adoptit the coat o airms on Juin 19, 1925.

Housomeivver, the coat o airms wis offeecially banned follaein the occupation o Estonie bi the Soviet Union in 1940, an replaced wi the Soviet-inspired coat o airms o the Estonian SSR. Soviet offeecials persecutit an jailed onyane uisin the coat o airms or the naitional colors o Estonie. The readoption o the naitional seembols markit the completion o the struggle for unthrildom whilk wis finally achieved on August 7, 1990, an regulatit bi the Law on State Coat o Airms o Aprile 6, 1993.

## References
*Estonian Institute  National symbols of Estonia . Retrieved October 30, 2005.
Coat o airms o Vatican Ceety

The **coat o airms o the State o Vatican Ceety** is blazoned *[[gules]], twa keys in [[saltire]] [[or (heraldry)|Or]] an [[argent]], interlaced in the rings gules/Or, beneath a tiara argent, crouned Or*. Sicweys it is simply the emblem o the Papacy (emblem o the Holy See) displayed on a reid field wi the poseetions o the gowd an siller keys reversed.
## Seembolism
* The crossed keys o gowd an siller seembolise the keys o the kinrick o heaven promised tae Saunt Peter, wi authority tae bind an loose ().
*The triple croun (the tiara) represents "the three pouers o the Supreme Pontiff: Sacred Orders, Jurisdiction an Magisterium", in ither wirds: his functions as "supreme priest", "supreme pastor" an "supreme teacher".
*The gowd cross surmuntin the triple crouns seembolizes the crucifixion o Jesus.

## Freemit airtins
*Coat of Arms of the Holy See and of the State of Vatican City
*Seal of the State of Vatican City

## References
Coat o airms o Denmark

The **Naitional Coat o Airms o [[Denmark]]** consists o three crouned blae lions accompanied bi nine reid herts, aw in a gowden shield. The auldest kent depiction o the insignie dates frae a seal uised bi King Canute VI c. 1194. The auldest documentation for the colours dates frae c. 1270. Historically, the lions faced the viewer an the nummer o herts wis no regulatit an coud be muckle heicher. Historians believe that the herts oreeginally wur *[[Nuphar|søblade]]* (literally: *sea-leafs*) but that this meanin wis lost early due tae worn an crudely made signets uised in the Middle Ages. A ryal decree o 1972 specifies thir figures as *søblade* but Danes normally refer tae them as herts. The current version wis adoptit in 1819 in the ring o King Frederick VI wha standardised the nummer o herts tae nine an decreed that the heraldic beasts wur lions, consequently facin forwart. A rare version exists frae the ring o king Eric o Pomeranie in whilk the three lions haud the Dens banner thegither, in a seimilar fashion as in the coat o airms o the umwhile Sooth Jutland Coonty.
Till c. 1960, Denmark uised baith a "sma" an a "lairge" coat o airms, seimilar tae the seestem still uised in Swaden. The latter seembol held wide uise athin the govrenment admeenistration, e.g. bi the Foreign Meenistry. Syne this time, the latter seembol haes been classifee'd as the coat o airms o the ryal faimily, leavin Denmark wi ae ane naitional coat o airms, uised for aw offeecial purposes.

The croun on the shield is a heraldic construction based on the croun o King Christian V, nae tae be ramfeeselt wi the croun o King Christian IV. The main difference frae the real croun is that the latter is covered wi *table cut* diamonds raither than pearls. Baith crouns, an ither ryal insignie, are locatit in Rosenborg Castle in Copenhagen.

The blazon in heraldic terms is: *Or, three lions passant in fauch Azure crouned an airmed Or langued Gules, nine herts Gules.*

This insignie is naur identical tae the coats o airms o Estonie an Tallinn which can baith be traced directly back tae King Valdemar II an the Dens rule in northren Estonie 1219-1346. The main differences is: In the Dens coat o airms the lions is crouned, face forwart, an accompanied bi nine herts. In the Estonian coat o airms, the "leopards" face the viewer, thay arenae crouned, an nae herts is present. The coat o airms o Tallinn resembles the Estonian airms, but the leopards in the umwhile airms is crouned wi gowden crouns seemilar tae the anes in the Dens airms. It shaws great similarities wi the contemporary insignie o Ingland's Richard the Lionheart an the current airms o the German state o Baden-Württemberg. The Dens coat o airms haes an aa been the inspiration for the coat o airms o the umwhile Duchy o Schleswig, a umwhile Dens province (twa blae lions in a gowden shield.) The herts o the coat o airms appears in the coat o airms o the German destrict o Lüneburg an aw.

## References
Banner o Latvie

The **naitional banner o [[Latvie]]** wis uised bi independent Latvie frae 1918 till the kintra wis occupied bi the Soviet Union in 1940. Its uise wis suppressed durin Soviet rule. Efter regainin its unthrildom, Latvie re-adoptit on Februar 27, 1990 the same reid-white-red banner.
Tho offeecially adoptit in 1922, the Latvian banner wis in uise as early as the 13t century.  The reid colour is whiles describit as seembolisin the readiness o the Latvians tae gie the bluid frae thair herts for freedom an thair willinness tae defend thair leeberty. An alternative interpretation, accordin tae ane legend, is that a Latvian leader wis woundit in battle, an the edge o the white sheet in which he wis wrapped wur stained bi his bluid. The white stripe mey staund for the sheet that wrapped him. This story is seemilar tae the legend o the oreegins o the banner o Austrick.
Coat o airms o Latvie

The **Latvian naitional coat o airms** wis formed efter the proclamation o an independent Republic o Latvie on November 18, 1918, an wis offeecially adoptit on Juin 16, 1921. It wis especially creatit for its independent statehuid. The naitional coat o airms combines seembols o Latvian naitional statehuid as well as seembols o auncient historical destricts.

The sun in the upper pairt o the coat o airms seembolizes Latvian naitional statehuid. A stylized depiction o the sun wis uised as a seembol o distinction an naitional identity bi the Imperial Roushie Airmy's Latvian Riflemen durin Warld War I. Durin the war the sun figure wis fashioned wi 17 rays that seembolised the 17 Latvian-inhabitit destricts. The three stars abuin the coat o airms embody the idea o the inclusion o historical destricts (Vidzeme, Latgale an combined Courland-Semigalie (*Kurzeme-Zemgale*) intae the unitit Latvie.

Culturally historical regions are an aa characterized bi aulder heraldic figures, which awready appeared in the 17t century. Courland an Semigalie (Wastren Latvie) are seembolised bi a reid lion, which appears as early as 1569 in the coat o airms o the umwhile Duke o Courland an Semigalie. Vidzeme an Latgale (Eastren Latvie) are seembolised bi the legendary winged siller creature wi an eagle's heid, a griffin. This seembol appeared in 1566, when the territories kent the day as Vidzeme an Latgale haed come unner Lithuanian control.

The Latvian naitional coat o airms wis designed bi the Latvian airtists Vilhelms Krūmiņš an Rihards Zariņš.

The proper uise o the Latvian coat o airms is firmly regulatit. Three types o seembol are uised - the muckle coat o airms, the sma enhanced coat o airms an the sma coat o airms.

* The *Lairge Coat o Airms* is uised bi the Preses o Latvie, the Parliament, the Prime Meenister, the Cabinet o Meenisters, govrenment ministries, the Supreme Court an Prosecutor General, as well as Latvian diplomatic an consular missions.
* The *Sma Enhanced Coat o Airms* is uised bi the Parliament agencies, the Cabinet o Meenisters an ither institutions unner direct or indirect supervision o the govrenment meenistries.
* The *Sma Coat o Airms* is uised bi ither govrenment institutions, municipal authorities an educational institutions on offeecial documents.

When Latvie wis pairt o Soviet Union, the coat o airms o the Latvian SSR wis uised, this wis replaced bi the 1918 airms again in 1990.

## Colours

* Red - Pantone 186 C
* Green - Pantone 341 C
* Blue - Pantone 286 C
* Golden - Pantone 873 C / 131 C
* Siller - Pantone 877 C / Cool Grey 4 C
* Black - Pantone Black C

## See an aa

* Latvie
* The Banner o Latvie
* Naitional Anthem o Latvie
* Freedom Monument (Riga)

## External links
* The Coat of Arms facts at the Latvian Institute website
Coat o airms o Lithuanie

The **[[coat o airms]] o [[Lithuanie]]**, consisting o an airmour-clad knight on horseback hauldin an olden swuird an shield, is forby kent as **Vytis** ("the Chaser"). The Lithuanian coat o airms is ane o the auldest naitional coat o airms in Europe.

Airticle 15 o the Constitution o Lithuanie, approved bi naitional referendum in 1992, stipulates, "The Coat o Airms o the State shall be a white Vytis on a red field". Heraldic shield features the field Gules (red) wi an airmoured knight on a horse *[[Chairge (heraldry)#Quadrupeds|salient]]* Argent (white). The knight is holding in his dexter haund a swuird Argent abuin his heid. A shield Azure hangs on the sinister shoulder o the knight wi a dooble cross Or (yellow) on it. The horse saddle, straps, an belts are Azure. The hilt o the swuird an the fastenin o the sheath, the stirrups, the curb bits o the bridle, the horseshoes, as well as the decoration o the harness, are Or (gowd).

The blazon is the follaein:
*Gules, a knight airmed cap-à-pie mounted on a horse salient argent, brandishin a swuird proper an maintainin a shield azure chairged wi a cross o Lorraine Or.*
Banner o Slovakie

The current form o the **banner o [[Slovakie]]** wis adoptit bi Slovakie's Constitution, which came intae force on 3 September 1992. The banner, in common wi ither Slavic naitions, uises the white, blue an reid colours. 

Slovakie's banner in its current form (but wi anither coat o airms on it or athoot ony airms) can be datit back tae the revolutionary year 1848 (see: *[[The Revolutions o 1848 in the Habsburg auries]]*). It wis an aa uised semi-offeecially in Czechoslovakie afore Warld War II, bi the Slovak Republic durin WWII, an finally adoptit (athoot the coat o airms) on 1 Mairch 1990 as the banner o the Slovak Republic athin Czechoslovakie. The coat o airms wis addit on 3 September 1992 an a special law describin the details o the banner follaed in Februar 1993.

The blue triangle in the current banner o the Czech Republic, wi which Slovakie formed Czechoslovakie up tae the dissolution o Czechoslovakie, wis taken ower frae the blue strip o Slovakie's banner in 1920 intae the banner o Czechoslovakie. The banner o Czechoslovakie wis taken ower bi the Czech Republic in late 1992 in direct violation o the 1992 Act on the Diveesion o Czechoslovakie explicitly forbiddin state seembols tae be uised bi the twa successor states.

Syne the Slovak banner athoot the coat o airms is identical tae that o the modren banner o Roushie an it can an aa be compared tae the modren bannero Slovenie, the Constitution o Slovakie addit the naitional coat o airms in September 1992.
Coat o airms o Slovakie

The **coat o airms o [[Slovakie]]** is makkit up o a reid (*gules*) shield, in aerlie gothic style, chairged wi a silver (*argent*) double cross staundin on the middle peak o a daurk blue muntain that haes three peaks.  Extremities o the cross are amplificatit, an its ends are concavit. 

This symbol represents the Slovak kintra an history. The double cross is a symbol o its Christian faith an the hills represent three symbolic muntain ranges: Tatra, Fatra an Mátra (the last ane is in northren Hungary)
Senegal

**Senegal** (; ), offeecially the **Republic o Senegal** (*République du Sénégal*, ), is a kintra sooth o the Sénégal River in Wast Africae. It owes its name tae the river that borders it tae the East an North an that oreeginates frae the Fouta Djallon in Guinea. Senegal is externally bundit bi the Atlantic Ocean tae the wast, Mauritanie tae the north, Mali tae the east, an Guinea an Guinea-Bissau tae the sooth; internally it amaist completely surrounds The Gambie, namely on the north, east an sooth, exemptin Gambie's short Atlantic Ocean coastline. Senegal covers a land aurie o amaist 197,000 square kilometres (76,000 sq mi), an haes an estimatit population o aboot 14 million. The climate is tropical wi twa saisons: the dry saison an the rainy saison.

Dakar, the caipital ceety o Senegal, is locatit at the wastrenmaist tip o the kintra on the Cap-Vert peninsula.  Aboot 500 kilometres (300&nbsp;mi) aff the coast, in the Atlantic Ocean, lie the Cape Verde Islands. Durin the 17t an 18t centuries, numerous tradin posts, belanging tae various colonial empires, wur established alang the coast. The toun o St Louis became the caipital o French Wastern Africae (Afrique-Occidentale française, or AOF) afore it wis moved toae Dakar in 1902. Dakar later became its caipital in 1960 at the time o unthrildom frae Fraunce.

## References
São Tomé an Príncipe

**São Tomé an Príncipe**, officeeally the **Democratic Republic o São Tomé an Príncipe**, is a Portuguese-speakin island naition in the Gulf o Guinea, aff the wastren equatorial coast o Central Africa. It consists o twa islands: São Tomé an Príncipe, locatit aboot 140 kilometres (87&nbsp;mi) apairt an aboot 225 kilometres (155 an 140&nbsp;mi), respectively, aff the northwastren coast o Gabon. Baith islands are pairt o an extinct volcanic muntain range. São Tomé, the sizable soothren island, is situatit juist north o the equator. It wis named in honour o Saunt Thomas by Portuguese explorers who happened tae arrive at the island on his feast day.

São Tomé an Príncipe is the seicont-smawest African kintra in terms o population (the Seychelles being the smawest). It is the smawest kintra in the warld that is no a umwhile Breetish owerseas territory, a umwhile Unitit States trusteeship, or ane o the European microstates. It is an aa the smawest Portuguese-speakin kintra.

## References
Seychelles

**Seychelles** ( ; French: ), offeecially the **Republic o Seychelles** (; Creole: *Repiblik Sesel*), is an island kintra spannin an archipelago o 115 islands in the Indian Ocean, some 1,500 kilometres (932&nbsp;mi) east o mainland Africae, northeast o the island o Madagascar.

Ither nearbi island kintras an territories include Zanzibar tae the wast, Mauritius an Réunion tae the sooth, Comoros an Mayotte tae the soothwast. Seychelles, wi an estimatit population o 84,000, haes the smawest population o ony African state.

## History

Austronesian seafarers or Arab traders wur the first tae visit the uninhabitit Seychelles. The earliest recordit sichtin bi Europeans teuk place in 1502 bi the Portuguese Admiral Vasco da Gama, who passed through the Amirantes an named them efter hissel (islands o the Admiral).

A transit point for trade atween Africae an Asie, the islands wur occasionally uised bi pirates till the French began tae take control stairtin in 1756 when a Stone o Possession wis laid bi Caiptain Nicholas Morphey. The islands wur named efter Jean Moreau de Séchelles, Louis XV’s Meenister o Finance.

The Breetish contestit control ower the islands atween 1794 an 1810. Jean Baptiste Quéau de Quincy, French administrator o Seychelles durin the years o war wi the Unitit Kinrick, declined tae resist when airmed enemy warships arrived. Instead, he successfully negotiatit the status o capitulation tae Breetain which gave the settlers a privileged position o neutrality.

Breetain eventually assumed full control upon the surrender o Mauritius in 1810, formalised in 1814 at the Treaty o Paris. Seychelles became a croun colony separate frae Mauritius in 1903. Elections wur held in 1966 an 1970. Unthrildom wis grantit in 1976 as a republic athin the Commonweel. In 1977, a coup d'état oostit the first preses o the republic, James Mancham, who wis replaced bi France Albert René. The 1979 constitution declared a socialist ane-pairty state, which lastit till 1991. The first draft o a new constitution failed tae receive the requisite 60 percent o voters in 1992, but an amendit version wis approved in 1993.

## References
Belize

**Belize** () (umwhile *[[British Honduras]]*) is a democratic constitutional monarchy, an the northrenmaist Central American naition. Belize haes a diverse society, comprisin mony culturs an leids. Awtho Kriol an Spaingie are spoken amang the population, Belize is the ae kintra in Central Americae whaur Inglis is the offeecial leid. Belize is bordered tae the north bi Mexico, sooth an wast bi Guatemala, an tae the east bi the Caribbean Sea.

### Gallarie

File:National Assembly Building, Belize.png|Belmopan Pairliament
File:Belize City harbour, Belize.jpg|Belize city harbour
File:Great Blue Hole.jpg
File:Sugar Cane Processing Plant 2.jpg|Sugar cane processing plant
File:Friese, El Castillo, Xunantunich (7981048802).jpg|El Castillo, Xunantunich
File:Keel-billed toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus) - Belize.jpg|Keel-billed toucan


## Notes

## References
The Gambie

**The Republic o The Gambie**, commonly kent as **The Gambie**, or **Gambie**, is a kintra in Wastren Africae. The Gambie is the smawest kintra on mainland Africae, bordered tae the north, east, an sooth bi Senegal, wi a sma coast on the Atlantic Ocean in the wast.

Its borders roughly correspond tae the path o the Gambie River, the naition's namesake, at flows through the kintra's centre an empties intae the Atlantic Ocean. Its size is amaist 10,500&nbsp;km² wi an estimatit population o 1,700,000.

On 18 Februar 1965, The Gambie wis grantit unthrildom frae the Unitit Kinrick an joined The Commonwealth. Banjul is The Gambie's caipital, but the lairgest conurbation is Serekunda.

The Gambie shares historical ruits wi mony ither wast African naitions in the slave trade, at wis key tae the maintenance o a colony on the Gambie river, first bi the Portuguese an later bi the Breetish. Since gainin unthrildom in 1965, the Gambie haes enjoyed relative stability, wi the exception o a brief period o military rule in 1994. 

An agriculturally rich kintra, its economy is dominatit bi farmin, fishin, an tourism. Aboot a third o the population live belaw the internaitional poverty line o US$1.25 a day.

## References
Coat o airms o Niger

The **coat o airms o [[Niger]]** shows a fower-pairt banner drapin in the naitional colors orange, white, an green.  In the middle, the state seal is arranged.  On a white or gowd shield the fower golden seembols are shawn.  In the middle, thare is a sun, tae the left thare is a vertical spear wi twa crossed Tuareg swuirds, tae the richt are three pearl millet heids an unnerneath is the frontal view o a zebu heid.  Unner the coat o arms, thare is a ribbon bearin the name o the kintra in French: *Republique du Niger*. While the constitution o Niger stipulates the colour o the seembols upon the shield, thare is nae uniformity on the colour o the shield. The 1999 Constitution reproduces the text o earlier constitutions, makin a distinction atween the Seal o State (*Le Sceau de l'État*) for which nae shield colour is stipulatit an the Coat o Airms o the Republic (*Les Armoiries de la République*) for which Sinople is stipulatit as the shield colour.  *Sinople* is analogous tae *[[Vert]]* (Green) in heraldry, but offeecial biggins an documents dae no display green shields.  Embassies an offeecial documents uise white, wi gowd emblems.  The wabsteid o the Preses o Niger uises gowd or yellae wi daurk gowd or black emblems.  The Naitional Assembly o Niger meets belaw a lairge coat o airms wi the shield coloured gowd an the emblems in a daurker gowd.

## Meanin o the colors an seembols
Thare hae been several meanings proposed for the colours o the Nigerien naition, but thare is nae constitutional reference tae these meanings.  Commonly, these meanings are describit as
* Orange: staunds for the Sahara Desert on the northren border o the kintra.
* Green: staunds for the gress plains in the sooth an wast, which the Niger River flows throu.
* White: staunds for howp.  For the Niger State it additionally seembolizes the Savanna region.

## References
Somaliland

**Somaliland** (,  *Arḍ aṣ-Ṣūmāl*) is an unrecognised sovereign state that is internaitionally recognised as an autonomous region o Somalie. Somaliland is bordered bi Ethiopie in the sooth an wast, Djibouti in the northwast, the Gulf o Aden in the north, an the autonomous Puntland region o Somalie tae the east.
Nagorno-Karabakh

:*For the republic, see [[Nagorno-Karabakh Republic]].*

**Nagorno-Karabakh** (Armenie: *Արցախ*, transliteratit:  *Arts’akh*, pronouncit ɑɾˈtsʰɑχ, Azerbaijani: *Dağlıq Qarabağ*) is a landlockit region in the Sooth Caucasus, lying atween Lower Karabakh an Zangezur an coverin the sootheastren range o the Lesser Caucasus muntains. The region is maistly muntainous an forestit an haes an aurie o 4,400 square kilometres (1,700 sq mi).

Maist o the region is governed bi the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, an unrecognized, *de facto* independent state establisht on the basis o the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast athin the Azerbaijan SSR o the Soviet Union. The territory is internaitionally recognized as pairt o Azerbaijan, although it haes no exercised pouer ower maist o the region syne 1991. Syne the end o the Nagorno-Karabakh War in 1994, representatives o the governments o Armenie an Azerbaijan hae been hauldin peace tauks mediatit bi the OSCE Minsk Group on the region's status.

## Name
The wird *Nagorno-* is a Roushie attributive adjective, derived frae the adjective *nagorny* (), which means "highland". The Azerbaijani name o the region includes similar adjectives "dağlıq" (muntainous) or "yuxarı" (upper). Such wirds are no uised in Armenian name, but appeared in the offeecial name o the region durin the Soviet era as Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast. Ither leids apply their awn wirdin for *muntainous*, *upper*, or *hieland*; for example, the offeecial name uised bi the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic in Fraunce is *Haut-Karabakh*, meanin "Upper Karabakh".

The wird *[[Karabakh]]* is generally held tae oreeginate frae Turkic an Persian, an literally means "black garden". The name first appears in Georgian an Persian sources o the 13t an 14t centuries. *Karabagh* is an acceptable alternate spelling of *Karabakh*, and also denotes a kind of patterned rug originally produced in the area.

In an alternative theory proposed bi Bagrat Ulubabyan the name Karabakh haes a Turkic-Armenian oreegin, meanin "Greater Baghk" (), a reference tae Ktish-Baghk (later: Dizak), ane o the principalities o Artsakh unner the rule o the Aranshahik dynasty, which held the throne o the Kinrick o Syunik in the 11t–13t centuries an crieed itsel the "Kinrick o Baghk".

The names for the region in the various local leids aw translate tae "muntainous Karabakh", or "muntainous black garden":

* , transliteratit *Leṙnayin Ġarabaġ*
*  (muntainous Karabakh) or *Yuxarı Qarabağ* (upper Karabakh)
* , transliteratit *Nagornyy Karabakh* or *Nagornyi Karabah*

Nagorno-Karabakh is aften referred tae bi the Armenians livin in the aurie as Artsakh (Armenian: ), designatin the 10t province o the auncient Kinrick o Armenie. In Urartian inscriptions (9t–7t centuries BC), the name *Urtekhini* is uised for the region.
Auncient Greek sources cawed the aurie *Orkhistene*.

## References


Image:Five principalities of karabakh.png
Image:Red kurdistan 1930.png
Image:Nagorno Karabakh03.png
Image:Nagorno-Karabakh regions named english.png
Image:Karabach-Kaart.jpg
Image:Location Artsakh en.png
Republic o Artsakh

The **Nagorno-Karabakh Republic** (**NKR**) ( **'), or **Artsakh Republic** ( **') is a *[[de facto]]* independent republic locatit in the Nagorno-Karabakh region o the Sooth Caucasus. It controls maist o the territory o the umwhile Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast an several Azerbaijani districts adjacent tae the borders o Azerbaijan wi Armenie tae the wast an Iran tae the sooth.

The predominantly Armenian-populatit region o Nagorno-Karabakh became disputit atween Armenie an Azerbaijan when baith countries gained unthirldom frae the Roushie Empire in 1918. Efter the Soviet Union established control ower the aurie, in 1923 it formed the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO) athin the Azerbaijan SSR. In the final years o the Soviet Union, the region re-emerged as a soorce o dispute atween Armenie an Azerbaijan, culminatin in a lairge ethnic conflict an, eventually, in the Nagorno-Karabakh War that wis focht frae 1991 tae 1994.

On December 10, 1991, as the Soviet Union wis collapsin, a referendum held in the NKAO an the neighborin Shahumian region resultit in a declaration o unthrildom frae Azerbaijan as the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. The kintra remains unrecognized bi ony UN-member state, includin Armenie. Anerlie Transnistrie, Sooth Ossetie, an Abkhazie, aw UN non-members recognises the state.

Syne the ceasefire in 1994, maist o Nagorno-Karabakh an several regions o Azerbaijan aroond it remain unner the jynt Armenian an Nagorno-Karabakh military control. Representatives o the governments o Armenie an Azerbaijan hae syne been hauldin peace talks mediatit bi the OSCE Minsk Group.

## References
Coat o airms o Georgie (kintra)

The **coat o airms o [[Georgie (kintra)|Georgie]]** wis adoptit on 1 October 2004. It is partially based on the medieval airms o the Georgian ryal hoose o Bagrationi.

It haes twa lions rampant as supporters o the shield, which is surmountit wi the ryal croun o Georgie, aw o them Or (gowd). The shield itsel is Gules (red), wi an image o Saunt George,  ridin a horse tramplin upon a crawlin *serpent*, whose heid is pierced bi the saunt's spear, aw o them Argent (white).

The motto belaw the shield reads as : "Strength is in Unity" (*Dzala Ertobashia*, written in the Mkhedruli script o the Georgian alphabet, ძალა ერთობაშია).

## Umwhile coats o airms

* **1918-1921 an 1991-2004:**
This coat o airms wis in uise bi the Democratic Republic o Georgie throughoot its existence in 1918-1921. Tho the uise o Saunt George as Georgie's patron saunt wis bi then a lang tradeetion, thare wur some discussions aboot ither possibilities, the major ane bein Amiran, as the seembol o Georgie's fecht for freedom frae the Roushie Empire. Housomeivver, a decision wis then made in favor o saunt George. Restored in 1991, this coat o airms wis replaced bi the current ane in 2004.

* **1801-1917**: 
Afore 1917, when Georgie wis pairt o the Roushie Empire, the Georgian coat o airms appeared on the Greater Coat o Airms o the Roushie Empire, as pairt o the coat o airms o Caucasus. It showed then as the center inescutcheon, an read as follaes:

*Or, wi an image o Saunt George Martyr the Victorious in complete armour [[Azur]] wi a cross on his breast, wi a flyin cloak Gules, ridin a horse [[Sable]] in full gallop, the latter covered wi a horse cloth Gules, fringed Or, tramplin upon a crawlin serpent [[Vert]], winged Sable, eyed an tongued Gules, whose heid is pierced bi the saunt's spear Gules.*

* **Afore 1801:**
Coats o airms wur maistly those o the Bagrationi, who claimed tae hae Keeng David amang thair ancestors, an includit such elements as King David's lyra an sling, or the Holy Tunic.

## See an aa
* Coat o airms o the Bagrationi dynasty

## Freemit airtins
* Preses o Georgie wabsteid 
* The Georgian Coat o Airms in: *Georgian History* bi Giorgi Gabeskiria.