open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Jiang Zemin

**Jiang Zemin** (born 17 August 1926; deed 30 November 2022) wis a retired Cheenese politeecian who served as General Secretar o the Communist Pairty o Cheenae frae 1989 tae 2002, as Chairman o the Central Militar Commission frae 1989 tae 2004, an as Preses o the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae frae 1993 tae 2003.
Income

**Income** is the consumption an savins opportunity gained bi an entity within a specified timeframe, which is generally expressed in monetar terms. Houiver, for hoosehaulds an individuals, "income is the sum o aw the wages, salaries, profits, interests payments, rents, an ither forms of earnins received... in a gien period o time."

## References
Blake Clark

**Blake Clark** (born 2 Februar 1946) is an American staund-up comedian, actor, sangster, vyce airtist, an comedian.

## References

## Freemit airtins

*
IPhone

**iPhone** () is a line o smairtphones designit an mercatit bi Apple Inc. Thay run Apple's iOS mobile operatin seestem. The first generation iPhone wis released on Juin 29, 2007; the maist recent iPhone models are the iPhone 6 an iPhone 6 Plus, which war unveiled at a special event on September 9, 2014.

## References
Smairtphone

A **smairtphone** (or **smairt phone**) is a mobile phone wi an advanced mobile operatin seestem. Thay teepically combine the features o a cell phone wi thae o ither popular mobile devices, sic as personal deegital assistant (PDA), media player an GPS navigation unit. Maist smartphones hae a touchscreen uiser interface, can run third-pairty apps an are camera phones. Maist Smartphones produced frae 2012 onwarts an aa hae heich-speed mobile broadband 4G LTE internet, motion sensors, an mobile payment mechanisms.

## References
Giuseppe Meazza

**Giuseppe "Peppino" Meazza** (; 23 August 1910 – 21 August 1979), forby kent as **il Balilla**, wis an Italian fitbawer playin mainly for Internazionale in the 1930s, scorin 242 goals in 365 gemmes for the club.
Giuseppe Garibaldi

**Giuseppe Garibaldi** (; 4 Julie 1807 – 2 Juin 1882) wis an Italian general an politeecian who played a lairge role in the history o Italy. He is considered, wi Camillo Cavour, Victor Emmanuel II an Giuseppe Mazzini, as ane o Italy's "faithers o the faitherland".

## References
Joseph-Louis Lagrange

**Joseph-Louis Lagrange** (),
born **Giuseppe Lodovico Lagrangia**  or **Giuseppe Ludovico De la Grange Tournier** (an aa reportit as **Giuseppe Luigi Lagrange** or **Lagrangia**) (25 Januar 1736 &ndash; 10 Aprile 1813) wis an Italian Enlichtenment Era mathematician an astronomer.

In 1766, on the recommendation o Leonhard Euler an d'Alembert, Lagrange succeedit Euler as the director o mathematics at the Proushie Academy o Sciences in Berlin, Proushie, whaur he stayed for ower twenty years, producin vollums o wark an winnin several prizes o the French Academy o Sciences. Lagrange's treatise on analytical mechanics (*[[Mécanique analytique]]*, 4. ed., 2 vols. Paris: Gauthier-Villars et fils, 1788–89), written in Berlin an first published in 1788, offered the maist comprehensive treatment o clessical mechanics syne Newton an formed a basis for the development o mathematical pheesics in the nineteent century.

In 1787, at age 51, he muived frae Berlin tae Paris an becam a member o the French Academy o Sciences. He remeened in Fraunce till the end o his life. He wis signeeficantly involved in the decimalisation in Revolutionary Fraunce, becam the first professor o analysis at the École polytechnique upon its appenin in 1794, wis a foondin member o the Bureau des Longitudes, an becam Senator in 1799.

## References
Argentinosaurus

***Argentinosaurus*** (meanin "Argentein lizard") is a genus of titanosaur sauropod dinosaur first discovered bi Guillermo Heredia in Argenteinie.

## References
Eoraptor

***Eoraptor*** (pron.:"EE-oh-RAP-tor") wis a dinosaurs that leeved in Wastren Gondwana, what is nou the northwastren region o Argentinae.

## References
UTC+10:00

**UTC+10:00** is an identifier for a time offset frae UTC o +10:00. In ISO 8601 the associatit time wad be written as .

## As staundart time (aw year roond)

### North Asie
*Roushie - Vladivostok Time

### Oceania
*United States - Chamorro Time Zone

## See an aa

## References
Caitlyn Jenner

**Caitlyn Jenner** (born **William Bruce Jenner**, October 28, 1949), that uised tae be kent as **Bruce Jenner**, is an American umwhile track an field athlete an current telly personality.

Efter her Olympic career, her professional career changed intae bein a televeesion celebrity.  Bi 1981, she haed starrit in several telly movies.  Syne 2007 until 2021, she is best kent fur the reality telly programme *[[Keeping Up with the Kardashians]]*. She is the stepmother o the Kardashian sisters.

In 2015, Jenner came oot as transgender. In Juin 2015, Jenner haed completit her transition an changed her name tae Caitlyn Jenner.

## References

## Ither wabsteids

*Official site 
*
* 
*Wheaties spokesperson
*Jenner Communications 
*Bruce Jenner's U.S. Olympic Team bio 
*USATF Hall of Fame bio
Eilmer of Malmesbury

**Eilmer of Malmesbury** wis an 11t century Inglis monk, best kent for his early attempt at a gliding flight uisin wings.
Ancien Régime

The **Ancien Régime** (, **Auld Regime** or **Umwhile Regime**) wis the monarchic, aristocratic, social an poleetical seestem established in the Kinrick o Fraunce frae approximately the 15t century till the later 18t century ("early modern France") unner the late Valois an Bourbon dynasties.
Drawin

**Drawin** is a form o veesual airt in which a person uises sindry drawin instruments tae mark paper or anither twa-dimensional medium. Instruments include graphite pincils, pen an ink, inked brushes, wax colour pincils, crayons, charcoal, chalk, pastels, sindry kinds o erasers, merkers, styluses, sindry metals (such as sillerpynt), an electronic drawin.
French Revolution

The **French Revolution** () wis an influential period o social an poleetical upheaval in Fraunce that lasted frae 1789 till 1799, an wis partially carried forrit bi Napoleon during the later expansion o the French Empire. The Revolution owerthrew the monarchy, established a republic, experienced violent periods o poleetical turmoil, an finally culminatit in a dictatorship bi Napoleon that forcibly brocht mony o its ideals tae Wastren Europe. Inspired bi liberal an radical ideas, the Revolution profoundly altered the coorse o modren history, triggerin the decline o theocracies an absolute monarchies while replacin them wi republics an democracies. Throu the Revolutionary Wars, it unleashed a wave o global conflicts that extendit frae the Caribbean tae the Middle East. Historians widely regard the Revolution as ane o the maist important events in human history.

## References

## Bibliografie

*
Alan Turing

**Alan Mathison Turing**, OBE, FRS (; 23 Juin 1912&nbsp;– 7 Juin 1954) wis a Breetish pioneerin computer scientist, mathematician, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher, mathematical biologist, an marathon an ultra distance runner.

## References
Ceramic

A **ceramic** is an inorganic, nonmetallic solit comprisin metal, nonmetal or metalloid atoms primarily held in ionic an covalent bonds.
Pape Clement I

**Pape Clement I** (; Greek: ; died 99), forby kent as **Saunt Clement o Roum**, is leetit bi Irenaeus an Tertullian as Bishop o Roum, hauldin office frae 92 tae his daith in 99.

## References
John de Lancie

**John Sherwood de Lancie, Jr.** (born 20 Mairch 1948) is an American staund-up comedian, actor, director, producer, writer, sangster, dancer, vyce airtist, an comedian, best kent for his role as Q in *[[Star Trek: The Next Generation]]* (1987–94), an the vyce o Discord in *[[My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic]]* (2010–present).

He haes been featurt in several recurrin roles on telly series, includin Frank Simmons in *[[Stargate SG-1]]* (1997–2007) an Donald Margolis in *[[Breaking Bad]]* (2008–13).

## References

## Freemit airtins

* 
*
Metalloid

A **metalloid** is a chemical element wi properties in atween, or that are a mixtur o, thae o metals an nonmetals.
Radio Studio 54 Network

**Radio Studio 54 Network** is a Italian radio station, stairtit in 1985, based in Locri, Calabria. The programming is characterized by the transmission of musical hits and real-time information, with 28 daily updates.

## Presenters

Rossella Laface,  Alex Albano, Enzo DiChiera, Paolo Sia, Demetrio Malgeri, Marika Torcivia, Franco Siciliano,  Mara Rechichi, Luigi Di Dieco

## External links
* Radio Studio 54 Network Official Website 
* Radio Studio 54 Network webcast streaming
Erik Satie

**Éric Alfred Leslie Satie** (; 17 Mey 18661 Julie 1925) – he signed his name **Erik Satie** efter 1884 – wis a French componer an pianist. Satie wis a colourfu figur in the early 20t century Parisian avant-garde. His wirk wis a precursor tae later airteestic movements such as minimalism, repetitive muisic, an the Theatre o the Absurd.

## References
Edward the Confessor

**Edward the Confessor** (stween 1003 an 1005&nbsp;– 5 Januar 1066), son o Æthelred the Unready an Emma o Normandy, wis ane o the last Anglo-Saxon keengs o Ingland an is uisually regardit as the last king o the Hoose o Wessex, rulin frae 1042 tae 1066.

## References
Sandra Day O'Connor

**Sandra Day O'Connor** (born Mairch 26, 1930; deed December 1, 2023) wis an American jurist, who wis Associate Juistice o the Unitit States Supreme Coort, servin frae her appyntment in 1981 bi Ronald Reagan till her retirement in 2006. She wis the first woman tae be appyntit tae the Coort.

## References
Antonin Scalia

**Antonin Gregory Scalia** (; Mairch 11, 1936 - Februar 13, 2016) wis an Associate Juistice o the Supreme Coort o the Unitit States frae 1986 until his daith.
Kim Darroch

**Sir Nigel Kim Darroch**, KCMG (b. 30 Aprile 1954) is a senior Breetish diplomat, an umwhile Ambassador o the Unitit Kinrick tae the Unitit States. Frae Januar 2012 tae September 2015, he wis the govrenment's Naitional Security Advisor.

## References
Mark Acheson

**Mark Acheson** (19 September 1957) wis an Canadian staund-up comedian, actor, director, producer, writer, sangster, dancer, vyce airtist, an comedian.

## References

;General

## Freemit airtins

*
Vivien Leigh

**Vivian Mary Hartley**, later kent as **Vivien Leigh** (5 November 19138 Julie 1967), wis an Inglis stage an film actress. She won twa Academy Awairds for Best Actress for her performances as "Soothren belle" Scarlett O'Hara in *[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone with the Wind]]* (1939) an Blanche DuBois in the film version o ''A Streetcar Named Desire'' (1951), a role she haed an aa played on stage in Lunnon's West End in 1949.

## References
Oskar Schindler

**Oskar Schindler** (28 Aprile 1908 –  9 October 1974) wis an ethnic German industrialist, spy, an member o the Nazi Pairty who is creditit wi savin the lives o 1,200 Jews during the Holocaust bi employin them in his enamelware an ammunitions factories, which war locatit in occupied Poland an the Pertectorate o Bohemie an Moravie.

## References
VfL Bochum

**Verein für Leibesübungen Bochum 1848 Fußballgemeinschaft**, commonly referred tae as simply **VfL Bochum** , is a German association fitbaw club based in the ceety o Bochum, North Rhine-Westphalie.
Sudetes

The **Sudetes** are a muntain range in Central Europe, an aa kent in Inglis (frae thair names in German an Czech/Pols) as the **Sudeten** or **Sudety** muntains.
Richard Simmons

**Milton Teagle** "**Richard**" **Simmons** (born 12 Julie 1948; deed 13 Julie 2024) wis an American fitness instructor an actor. He promotes wicht-loss programs, prominently throu his *Sweatin' to the Oldies* line o aerobics videos an is kent for his eccentric, flamboyant, an energetic personality.

## References

## Freemit airtins

* 
*
Ferdinand I o Bulgarie

**Ferdinand I** (26 Februar 1861 – 10 September 1948), born *Ferdinand Maximilian Karl Leopold Maria o Saxe-Coburg an Gotha*, wis the ruler o Bulgarie frae 1887 tae 1918, first as *knyaz* (prince regnant, 1887–1908) an later as *[[tsar]]* (king, 1908–1918).

## Issue
# Boris III o Bulgarie (18 Januar 1894 – 28 August 1943) mairit Giovanna o Savoy an haed issue.
# Prince Kiril o Bulgarie, "Prince o Preslav" (17 November 1895 – 1 Februar 1945) niver mairit. 
# Princess Eudoxia o Bulgarie (5 Januar 1898 – 4 October 1985) niver mairit. 
# Princess Nadezhda o Bulgarie 30 Januar 1899 – 15 Februar 1958) mairit Duke Albrecht Eugen o Württemberg an haed issue.

## References

## Beuks
*
Boris III o Bulgarie

**Boris III, Tsar o Bulgarie** (28 August 1943), oreeginally *Boris Klemens Robert Maria Pius Ludwig Stanislaus Xaver* (*Boris Clement Robert Mary Pius Louis Stanislaus Xavier*), son o Ferdinand I, came tae the throne in 1918 upon the abdication o his faither, follaein the defeat o the Kinrick o Bulgarie during Warld War I.

## Childer

# Princess Marie Louise o Bulgarie born 13 Januar 1933)  mairit (1) Prince Karl o Leiningen an haed childer. Mairit (2) tae Bronislaw Chrobok an haed childer. 
# Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha 16 Juin 1937) mairit Margarita Gómez-Acebo y Cejuela an haed childer.
İlkay Gündoğan

**İlkay Gündoğan** (, ; born 24 October 1990) is a German fitbawer who plays as a central midfielder for the club Barcelona an the Germany naitional fitbaw team.

## References
Moravie

**Moravia** (; ; ; ) is a muckle region in the Czech Republic an ane o the heestorical Czech lands, thegither wi Bohemie an Czech Silesie.
George I o Greece

**George I** (, *Geórgios Αʹ, [[Basileus|Vasiléfs]] ton Ellínon*; born Prince Vilhelm [William] o Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg; 24 December 1845 – 18 Mairch 1913) wis Keeng o Greece frae 1863 till his daith in 1913.

## Issue

# Constantine I o Greece 2 August 1868 – 11 Januar 1923) mairit Princess Sophia o Proushie an haed issue.
# Prince George o Greece an Denmark 4 Juin 1869 – 25 November 1957) mairit Marie Bonaparte an haed childer.
# Princess Alexandra o Greece an Denmark (30 August 1870 – 24 September 1891) mairit Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich o Roushie an haed issue.
# Prince Nicholas o Greece an Denmark 22 Januar 1872 – 8 Februar 1938) mairit Grand Guchess Elena Vladimirovna o Roushie an haed issue.
# Princess Maria o Greece an Denmark mairit Grand Duke George Mikhailovich o Roushie an haed issue.
# Princess Olga o Greece an Denmark (7 Aprile 1880 – 2 November 1880) died young.
# Prince Andrew o Greece an Denmark (2 Februar 1882 – 3 December 1944) mairit Princess Alice o Battenberg an haed issue, including Prince Philip, Duke o Edinburgh.
# Prince Christopher o Greece an Denmark  (10 August 1888 – 21 Januar 1940) mairit Princess Françoise o Orléans an haed issue.

## Teetles an styles

* **24 December 1845 – 31 Julie 1853:** *His Highness* Prince William o Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg.
* **31 Julie 1853 – 21 December 1858:** *His Highness* Prince William o Denmark.
* **21 December 1858 – 30 Mairch 1863:** *[[His Ryal Highness]]* Prince William o Denmark.
* **30 Mairch 1863 – 18 Mairch 1913:** *His Majesty* The King o the Hellenes.

## References
Otto o Greece

**Otto**, forby spelt **Otho** (, *Óthon, Vasiléfs tis Elládos*; 1 Juin 1815&nbsp;– 26 Julie 1867), wis a Prince o Bavarie wha became the first modren Keeng o Greece in 1832 unner the Convention o Lunnon.

## Teetles an styles
***1 Juin 1815 - 27 Mey 1832** *[[His Ryal Highness]]* Prince Otto o Bavarie.
***27 Mey 1832 – 23 October 1862** *His Majesty* The King o Greece.

## External links
Constantine I o Greece

**Constantine I** (, *Konstantínos Αʹ, Vasiléfs ton Ellínon*;  – 11 Januar 1923) wis Keeng o Greece frae 1913 tae 1917 an frae 1920 tae 1922.
Alexander o Greece

**Alexander** (, *Aléxandros*; 1 August 1893 – 25 October 1920) wis Keeng o Greece frae 11 Juin 1917 till his daith frae the effects o a monkey bite at the age o 27.

## Notes
Constantine II o Greece

**Constantine II** (, *Konstantínos II*; ; born 2 Juin 1940; deed 10 Januar 2023) wis the Keeng o Greece frae 1964 till the aboleetion o the monarchy in 1973, which wis confirmed in a referendum held bi a new ceevilian govrenment in December 1974. He is mairit tae Anne Marie o Denmark, a sister o Queen Margrethe II o Denmark, an his aen sister, Sofia, is mairit tae the umwhile King  o Spain, Juan Carlos I, an is therefore the mither o the current king, Felipe VI o Spain.

## Issue

# Princess Alexia o Greece an Denmark born 10 Julie 1965) mairit Carlos Morales Quintana an haed issue.
# Prince Pavlos o Greece an Denmark, "Croun Prince o Greece" (born 20 Mey 1967) mairit Marie Chantal Miller an haed issue.
# Prince Nikolaos o Greece an Denmark (born 1 October 1969) mairit Tatiana Blatnik but have nae issue.
# Princess Theodora o Greece an Denmark (born 9 Juin 1983) 
# Prince Philippos o Greece an Denmark (born on 26 Aprile 1986)
Yugoslavie

**Yugoslavie** (Serbo-Croatian, Macedonie, Slovene: *Jugoslavija*, Југославија), ance spelled an cried "Jugoslavia", wis a kintra in Sootheast Europe during maist o the 20t century.

## References
Alexander I o Yugoslavie

**Alexander I** (*Aleksandar I Karađorđević*, , ), forby kent as **Alexander the Unifier** (*Aleksandar Ujedinitelj*,  ,  &ndash; 9 October 1934) served as a prince regent o the Kinrick o Serbie frae 1914 an later became King o Yugoslavie frae 1921 til 1934 (prior tae 1929 the Kinrick wis kent as the Kinrick o Serbs, Croats an Slovenes).

## References
Peter I o Serbie

**Peter I** (, *Petar I Karađorđević*) (29 Juin 1844&nbsp;– 16 August 1921) o the Hoose o Karađorđević reigned as the last Keeng o Serbie (1903–1918) an as the first Keeng o the Serbs, Croats an Slovenes (1918–1921).
Stjepan Mesić

**Stjepan "Stipe" Mesić** (; born 24 December 1934) is a Croatie politeecian who served as the seicont Preses o Croatie frae 2000 tae 2010.

## References
Weimar Republic

The **Weimar Republic** ( ) is an unoffeecial, historical designation for the German state as it exeestit atween 1919 an 1933. The name derives frae the ceety o Weimar, whaur its constitutional assemmly first teuk place. The offeecial name o the state remeened *[[Deutsches Reich]]*, unchynged syne 1871.

A naitional assemmly wis convened in Weimar, whaur a new constitution for the *Deutsches Reich* wis written an adoptit on 11 August 1919. In its fowerteen years, the Weimar Republic faced numerous problems, includin hyperinflation, poleetical extremism (wi paramilitaries – baith left- an richt-weeng) as well as contentious relationships wi the veectors o the First Warld War. The fowk o Germany fautit the Weimar Republic raither nor thair wartime leaders for the kintra's defeat an for the humiliatin terms o the Treaty o Versailles. Weimar Germany fulfilled maist o the requirements o the Treaty o Versailles awtho it niver completely met its disairmament requirements an eventually peyed anly a smaw portion o the war reparations (bi twice restructurin its det throu the Dawes Plan an the Young Plan). Unner the Locarno Treaties, Germany acceptit the wastren mairches o the republic, but conteena'd tae dispute the eastren mairches.

Frae 1930 onwart Preses Hindenburg uised emergency pouers tae back Chancellors Heinrich Brüning, Franz von Papen an General Kurt von Schleicher. The Great Depression, exacerbatit bu Brüning's policy o deflation, led tae a surge in unemployment. In 1933, Hindenburg appyntit Adolf Hitler as Chancellor wi the Nazi Pairty bein pairt o a coaleetion govrenment. The Nazis held twa oot o the remeening ten cabinet seats. Von Papen as Vice Chancellor wis intendit tae be the "*[[éminence grise]]*" that wad keep Hitler unner control, uisin his close personal connection tae Hindenburg. Within months, the Reichstag Fire Decree an the Enabling Act o 1933 haed brocht aboot a state o emergency: it wiped oot constitutional govrenance an ceevil leeberties. Hitler's seizur o pouer (*[[Machtergreifung]]*) wis permissive o govrenment bi decree withoot legislative pairteecipation. Thir events brocht the republic tae an end—as democracy collapsed, the foondin o a single-party state begoud the Nazi era.

## References
Kurt von Schleicher

**Kurt Ferdinand Friedrich Hermann von Schleicher** (; 7 Aprile 1882 – 30 Juin 1934) wis a German general an the seicont tae last Chancellor o Germany during the era o the Weimar Republic. An important player in the German Airmy's efforts tae avoid the restrictions o the Treaty o Versailles, Schleicher rose tae power as a close advisor tae Preses Paul von Hindenburg. Seiventeen months efter his resignation, he wis assassinatit bi order o his successor, Adolf Hitler, in the Nicht o the Lang Knives.

## References
Nicht o the Lang Knifes

The **Nicht o the Lang Knifes** (German: ), sometimes cried **Operation Hummingbird** or, in Germany, the ***Röhm Putsch***, wis a purge that teuk place in Nazi Germany frae Juin 30 tae Julie 2, 1934, when the Nazi regime carried oot a series o poleetical murthers. Leadin figurs o the left-wing Strasserist faction o the Nazi Party, alang wi its figurheid, Gregor Strasser, war murthert, as war prominent conservative anti-Nazis (such as umwhile Chancellor Kurt von Schleicher an Gustav Ritter von Kahr, who haed suppressed Hitler's Beer Hall Putsch in 1923). Mony o those killed war leaders o the Sturmabteilung (SA), the paramilitar Brounshirts.
Mollusca

**Mollusca** composes the muckle phylum o invertebrate ainimals kent as the **Molluscs**. ***Mollusca*** is the second muckle maist phylum o the hale ainimal kinrick wi aroond 85,000 extant species o molluscs recognised. Molluscs is the mucklest marine phylum, comprisin aroond 23% o aa the named marine organisms. Numerous molluscs bide in freshwatter an terrestrial habitats as weel. Thay is gey diverse, no anely in size an in anatomical structur, but in behaviour and in habitat as weel.

The wird "mollusc" cams frae the Laitin wird *mollis* , meanin "saft". The studie o molluscs is cried *[[malacologie]],* frae the Auncient Greek μαλακός *malakós,* thit means saft as weel.

Molluscs wis thocht lang syne tae be pairt o a muckler taxon cried ***Molluscoida***, "alike molluscs". This taxon haed athin it the brachiopods, bryozoans an tunicates. It is kent noo that thay cam frae unco sindry ancestries.

## References
Octopus

An **octopus** (plural: **octopuses**, **octopi**, or **octopodes**) is a cephalopod mollusc o the order **Octopoda**. It haes twa eyes an fower pairs o airms an, lik ither cephalopods, it is bilaterally symmetric. An octopus haes a haurd beak, wi its mooth at the center pynt o the arms. An octopus haes no internal or external skelet (althou some species hae a vestigial remnant o a shell inside their mantles), allaein it tae squeeze through ticht places. Octopuses are amang the maist intelligent an behaviourally flexible o aw invertebrates.

## References
Snail

**Snail** is a common name that is applied maist aften tae laund snails, terrestrial, thit bides on the laund, pulmonate thit breithes air, gastropod molluscs.

Snails haulds muckle importance in fowk cultur, frae fuid, tae uiss in jewellery, tae bein a pest in gairdens an ferms.

## References
Gastropoda

The **Gastropoda** or **gastropods**, better kent as **[[snail]]s an [[slug]]s**, is a muckle taxonomic cless athin the phylum Mollusca.

## References
Annelid

The **annelids** (**', frae [[Lautin]] **', "little ring"), kent as the **ringed wirms** or **segmented wirms** an aa, are a lairge invertebrate phylum, wi ower 17,000 modren species includin ragwirms, yirdwirms, an gells.

## Notes


## References
Spoonge

**Sponges** are ainimals o the phylum **Porifera** (meanin "pore bearer"). Thay are multicellular organisms that hae bodies full o pores an channels allaeing watter tae circulate throu them, consistin o jelly-lik mesohyl sandwiched atween twa thin layers o cells.
Keavie

**Keavies** are decapod crustaceans o the infraorder **Brachyura**, which teepically hae a very short projectin "tail" ( = short,  /  = tail), uisually entirely hidden unner the thorax.

## References
Decapoda

The **decapoda** or **decapods** (literally "ten-fittit") are an order o crustaceans within the class Malacostraca, includin mony familiar groups, such as crayfish, keavies, lapsters, prawns an saund-clappers.
Jeremy Corbyn

**Jeremy Bernard Corbyn** (born 26 Mey 1949) is an Inglis politícian, an wis leader o the Labour Pairty an o the Opposítion frae the time he wis electit leader in 2015 till 2020, an a member o the Unitit Kinrick pairlament at Wastmeinster.

Born in Chippenham an brocht up in baith Wiltshire an Shropshire, Corbyn jynt Labour as a teenager. Movin tae Lunnon, he becam a tred union representative. In 1974, he wis electit tae Haringey Council an becam Secretary o Hornsey Constituency Labour Pairty, till he wis electit as the MP for Islington Nor in 1983. His activism includit roles in Anti-Fascist Action, the Anti-Apartheid Movement, the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, an advocatin for a unitit Ireland. As a backbench MP, he aften votit against the Labour whip, includin the New Labour governments o Tony Blair an Gordon Brown. A vocal opponent o the Iraq War, he chairit the Stop the War Coalition frae 2011 till 2015. Corbyn receivit the Gandhi International Peace Award in 2013 an the Seán Macbride Peace Prize in 2017.

Corbyn wis electit Labour leader in 2015. The party's membership increasit sharply, baith durin the leadership campaign an followin his election. Takin the party tae the left, he advocatit renaitionalisation o public utilities an the railweys, a less interventionist military policy, an reversals o austerity cuts tae welfare an public services. Althouch critical o the European Union, he supportit continuit membership in the 2016 referendum. Efter Labour MPs socht tae remove him in 2016, he wan a saicant leadership contest. In the 2017 general election, Labour increasit its share o the vote tae 40%, wi Labour's 9.6% vote swing bein its largest syne the 1945 general election. Labour, under Corbyn, achievit a net gain o 30 seats an a hung parliament, but the party remainit in opposition. 

Accordin tae a number o studies, media coverage o Corbyn haes often been hostile. He haes condemnit antisemitism but haes been criticisit for some o his past associations an his response tae antisemitism within the Labour Pairty.  

In the 2019 general election, Labour's vote share o 32% fell bi 7.8% comparit wi 2017 leadin tae a net loss o 60 seats, leavin it wi 202, its fewest syne 1935. Corbyn says that he wadnae lead Labour intae the neist election, triggerin a 2020 leadership election, in which Keir Starmer wis electit.  

## References
Costa Rica Sign Leid

**Costa Rica Sign Leid**  (**Lenguaje de Señas Costarricense**, **LECSO**) is the sign leid uised in the Costa Rica an is the first or preferred leid o deif fowk in the America; There are 26,240 Deif adults in the America who uise *LECSO* plus an estimatit children. The leid makes uise o space an involves movement o the hands, body, face an heid. Mony thoosans o fowk who are no deif an aa uise LECSO, as hearin relatives o deif fowk, sign leid interpreters or as a result o ither contact wi the Costa Rica deif commonty.

## References
Astronaut

An **astronaut** (or **cosmonaut**) is a person trained bi a human spaceflicht program tae command, pilot, or serve as a crew member o a spacecraft. Althou generally reserved for professional space travelers, the terms are sometimes applied tae onyane who travels intae space, includin scientists, politeecians, jurnalists, an tourists.

## References
Arturo Vidal

**Arturo Erasmo Vidal Pardo** (; born 22 Mey 1987) is a Chilean fitbawer who plays as a midfielder for Barcelona an the Chile naitional team.
Stock exchynge

A **stock exchynge**  is a form o exchynge which provides services for stock brokers an traders tae buy or sell stocks, bonds, an ither securities.

## References
Massimiliano Allegri

**Massimiliano Allegri** (; born 11 August 1967) is an Italian fitbaw manager last in charge o Juventus an umwhile midfielder.
Keylor Navas

**Keylor Antonio Navas Gamboa** (born 15 December 1986) is a Costa Rican professional fitbawer who plays for French club Paris Saint-Germain an the Costa Rica naitional team, as a goalkeeper.

## References
Pouer station

A **pouer station** (referrt tae as a **generatin station**, **pouer plant**, **pouerhoose**, or **generatin plant** an aw) is an industrial facility for the generation o electric pouer.

## References
Horsepouer

**Horsepouer** (**hp**) is a unit o measurment o pouer (the rate at which wirk is duin). Thare are mony different staundarts an teeps o horsepouer. Brake horsepouer (BHP) is eften uised tae meisur the pouer o ingines.
Hewlett-Packard

**Hewlett-Packard Company** or **HP** (styled as ***hp***) wis an American multinaitional information technology company  heidquartered in Palo Alto, Californie, Unitit States.

## References
Puerres

**Puerres** is a toun an municipality in the Nariño Depairtment, Colombie.

## Freemit airtins
* http://josefernando.hostzi.com/  - cultural information frae the municipality o Puerres.
Stargard

**Stargard Szczeciński**  (; ) is a ceety in northwastren Poland, wi a population o 71,017 (2005).

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns — sister ceeties
Stargard Szczeciński is twinned wi:
Lorient

**Lorient** (; ) is a commune an a seaport in the Morbihan depairtment  in Brittany in north-wastren Fraunce.

## Internaitional relations
### Twin touns — Sister ceeties

L'Orient is twinned wi:
* Galway, Ireland, syne 1978
* Vigo, Spain
* Wirral, Unitit Kinrick
* Ventspils, Latvie
* Toluca, Mexico
* Ludwigshafen, Germany
* České Budějovice, Czech Republic
* Denizli, Turkey

## References
Vostok Station

**Vostok Station** () is a Roushie (umwhile Soviet) research station in inland Princess Elizabeth Land, Antarcticae.

## Climate

## References
Hoose o Hohenzollern

The **Hoose o Hohenzollern** is a dynasty o umwhile princes, electors, keengs, an emperors o Hohenzollern, Brandenburg, Proushie, the German Empire, an Romanie.
Erich Honecker

**Erich Honecker** (; 25 August 1912 – 29 Mey 1994) wis a German politeecian who, as the General Secretar o the Socialist Unity Pairty, led the German Democratic Republic frae 1971 till the weeks precedin the faw o the Berlin Waw in 1989.
Madame de Pompadour

**Jeanne Antoinette Poisson, Marquise o Pompadour**, forby kent as **Madame de Pompadour** (29 December 1721 – 15 Aprile 1764, ), wis a member o the French coort an wis the offeecial chief mistress o Louis XV frae 1745 tae her daith.

## Issue

# Charles Guillaume Le Normant d'Étiolles (1741-1742) died in infancy.  
# Alexandrine Le Normant d'Étiolles (10 August 1744 - 15 June 1754) died in childhood, but engaged tae Louis Joseph d'Albert, Duke o Chaulnes for a short time.
East Germany

**East Germany** (), formally the **German Democratic Republic** or **GDR** (, () or **DDR**), wis a state within the Eastren Bloc during the Cauld War period. Frae 1949 tae 1990, it admeenistered the region o Germany which wis occupied bi Soviet forces at the end o the Seicont Warld War—the Soviet Occupation Zone o the Potsdam Agreement, boondit on the east bi the Oder–Neisse line. The Soviet zone surroondit Wast Berlin, but did nae include it; as a result, Wast Berlin remained ootside the jurisdiction o the GDR.

## References
Anglicanism

**Anglicanism** is a tradeetion athin Christianity comprisin the Kirk o Ingland an kirks historically connectit tae it or haud seemilar beliefs, worship practices an kirk structures.

## References
The Hunger Games (novelle)

***The Hunger Gemmes*** is a 2008 science feection novelle bo the American writer Suzanne Collins. It is written in the vyce o 16-year-auld Katniss Everdeen, who lives in the dystopian, post-apocalyptic naition o Panem in North Americae. The Caipitol, a heichly advanced metropolis, exercises poleetical control ower the rest o the naition. The Hunger Gemmes is an annual event in which ane boy an ane girl aged&nbsp;12–18 frae each o the twelve destricts surroondin the Caipitol are selectit bi lottery tae compete in a televised battle tae the daith.

## References
Elizabeth Banks

**Elizabeth Banks** (born **Elizabeth Irene Mitchell**; Februar 10, 1974) is an American actress, producer, an director.

## References
Haile Selassie

**Haile Selassie I** (, *qädamawi haylä səllasé*; ) , born **Tafari Makonnen Woldemikael**, wis Ethiopie's regent frae 1916 tae 1930 an Emperor o Ethiopie frae 1930 tae 1974.

## Notes

## References
Jean Baptiste Perrin

**Jean Baptiste Perrin**  (30 September 1870 – 17 Aprile 1942) wis a French pheesicist who, in his studies o the Brownian motion o minute pairticles suspendit in liquids, verified Albert Einstein’s explanation o this phenomenon an tharebi confirmed the atomic naitur o matter. For this achievement he wis honoured wi the Nobel Prize for Pheesics in 1926.

## References
Shuji Nakamura

is a Japanese-born American pheesicist an inventor specialising in the field o semiconductor technology, professor at the Materials Depairtment o the College o Ingineerin, Varsity o Californie, Santa Barbara (UCSB), an is regardit as the inventor o the blue LED, a major breakthrough in lichtin technology.

## References
Suzanne Collins

**Suzanne Marie Collins** (born August 10, 1962) is an American telly writer an novelist, best kent as the author o *[[The New York Times]]* best sellin series *[[The Unnerlaund Chronicles]]* an ''The Hunger Gemmes'' trilogy (which consists o *[[The Hunger Gemmes (novelle)|The Hunger Gemmes]]*, *[[Catchin Fire]]*, an *[[Mockingjay]]*).

## References
Elizabeth de Burgh

**Elizabeth de Burgh**, wis the seicont wife o Kíng Robert an she wis the Queen o Scots in 1306 till her daith on 27 October 1327.

## Biography
Elizabeth wis the dochter o Richard óg de Burgh an his guidwife, Margaret de Burgh. Elizabeth wis born in 1284, tho her birthdate wis unkent.

In 1302, Elizabeth mairit Robert the Bruce, efter losin his first wife, Isabella o Mar.
 
## Coronation
Elizabeth becam Queen o Scots in 27 Mairch 1306.

## Daith
Elizabeth's daith wis on 27 October 1327 in Culen, Bamffshire.

## Soorces
Stefan Hell

**Stefan Walter Hell** (born 23 December 1962) is a Romanie-born German pheesicist an ane o the directors o the Max Planck Institute for Biopheesical Chemistry in Göttingen, Germany.

## References
Wole Soyinka

**Akinwande Oluwole "Wole" Babatunde Soyinka** (Yoruba: *Akinwándé Oluwo̩lé Babátúndé S̩óyinká*, ; born 13 July 1934) is a Nigerie playwricht an poet. He wis awairdit the 1986 Nobel Prize in Leeteratur, the first African tae be honored in that category.

## References
Maximilien Robespierre

**Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre** (; 6 Mey 1758 – 28 Julie 1794) wis a French lawyer an politeecian, an ane o the best-kent an maist influential figurs o the French Revolution.

As a member o the Estates-General, the Constituent Assembly an the Jacobin Club, Robespierre wis an ootspoken advocate for the puir an for democratic institutions. He campaigned for universal male suffrage in Fraunce, price controls on basic fuid commodities an the aboleetion o sclavery in the French colonies. He wis an ardent opponent o the daith penalty, but played an important role in arrangin the execution o Keeng Louis XVI, that led tae the establishment o a French Republic.

He is aiblins best kent for his role in the French Revolution's Ring o Terror. He wis named as a member o the pouerfu Committee o Public Sauftie launched bi his poleetical ally Georges Danton an exertit his influence tae suppress the left-weeng Hébertists. As pairt o his attempts tae uise extreme meisurs tae control poleetical activity in Fraunce, Robespierre later muived against the mair moderate Danton, that wis accused o corruption an executit in Apryle 1794. The Terror endit a few months later wi Robespierre's reest an execution in Julie, events that ineetiatit a period in French history kent as the Thermidorian Reaction. Robespierre's personal responsibility for the excesses o the Terror remeens the subject o intense debate amang historians o the French Revolution.

Influenced bi 18t-century Enlichtment *[[philosophes]]* sic as Rousseau an Montesquieu, Robespierre wis a capable airteeculator   the beliefs o the left-weeng bourgeoisie. His steidfest defence o the views he expressed earned him the nickname *l'Incorruptible* (The Incorruptible).

Robespierre's reputation haes gane throu several cycles o re-appraisal. In the Soviet era, Robespierre wis uised as an ensaumple o a revolutionar feegur. His reputation peaked in the 1920s wi the influence o French historian Albert Mathiez. In mair recent times, his reputation haes suffered as historians hae associatit him wi an attempt at a radical purification o politics throu the killin o enemies.

## Notes

## References

### Soorces
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Narmer

**Narmer** wis an auncient Egyptian pharaoh o the Early Dynastic Period.

## References

## Freemit airtins
*  ''The Narmer Catalog''
Azerbaijani cuisine

**Azerbaijani cuisine** is whit fowk cuik an eat in Azerbaijan. Fuids frae different culturs hae influenced Azerbaijani fuid. However, it remained different frae fuids in ither kintras. Mony fuids that started in Azerbaijan are now pairt o ither culturs. Fer the Azerbaijanis, fuid is an important pairt o the kintra's cultur an is very connected wi the historie, traditions an values o the naition.

Out o 11 climate types in the warld, Azerbaijan haes nine. Thes adds tae the fertility o the syle, so there are mony kins o vegetables used accordin tae saisons an the dishes. The climate helps tae create the richness o the fuid. Fresh yerbs, includin mint, coriander, dill, basil, persel, tarragon, leek, chive, thyme, marjoram, green ingan an watterkerse, are very popular an are aft put in the main dishes. The Caspian Sea haes mony edible species o fish, includin the sturgeon, Caspian salmon, kutum, sardines, gray mullet, an ithers. Black caviar frae the Caspian Sea is ane o Azerbaijan’s best knoon delicacies wanted in mony pairts o the warld.

The main coorses o Azerbaijani cuisine are ower 30 kins o soups, includin those prepaured frae plain yogurt. Ane o the maist famous dishes is plov. Plov is a saffron-covered rice, served wi different yerbs. The Azerbaijani cuisine haes mair nor 40 different plov recipes. Ither second coorses include mony kins o kebabs an shashliks, includin lamb, beef, chicken, an fish (*baliq*) kebabs. Sturgeon, a common fish, is normally skewered (skewer is a thin metal or wid stick used tae hauld pieces o fuid thegither) an grilled as a shashlik, bein served wi a tert pomegranate sauce called *narsharab*.  Dried fruits an walnuts are used in mony dishes. The traditional condiments are saut, the spices black pepper, sumac, an especially saffron. Much o the saffron comes frae the Absheron Peninsula.

Black tea is the naitional drink, an is drunk efter fuid is eaten. It is also popular on its ain or wi dried fruits.

Anither popular drink is sherbet, a sweet cauld drink made o fruit juice mixed or biled wi succar, aft perfumed wi rose watter. Azerbaijani sherbet is nae sorbet, the cauld dessert.

## Fremmit airtins

* Comparison o Cuisine atween North an Sooth Azerbaijan , *Azerbaijan International*, Hairst 2000, pp.&nbsp;24–27. 
* Proverbs abit Food in Azerbaijan, *Azerbaijan International*, Hairst 2000, pp.&nbsp;36–37. 
* Food! Glorious Food!, Special issue o *Azerbaijan International*, Hairst 2000. 
* Azerbaijani dishes: Photographs an descriptions 
* Azerbaijani cuisine: Descriptions o dishes bi category 
* Cuisine o Azerbaijan based on the beuk ''Azerbaijani Cuikin''  published in Baku 
* Selected recipes frae Azerbaijani cuisine 
* Farida's Azerbaijani Cuikbeuk 
* Azerbaijani Food
Menes

**Menes** (; , probably pronoonced *; ; ) wis an auncient Egyptian pharaoh o the early dynastic period, creditit bi clessical tradeetion wi havin unitit Upper an Lawer Egyp, an as the foonder o the first dynasty (Dynasty I).

## References

## Bibliografie
* 
* .
* .
*.
Ahmose I

**Ahmose I** (Egyptian: , whiles written *Amosis I*, "Amenes" an "Aahmes" an meanin *Born o [[Iah]] *) wis a pharaoh o auncient Egyp an the foonder o the Aichteent dynasty.

## References

## Bibliografie

*
*
*
*
Beryllium

**Beryllium** is a chemical element wi seembol **Be** an atomic nummer 4. It is creaut throu stellar nucleosynthesis an is a relatively rare element in the universe. It is a divalent element that occurs naiturally anerly in combination wi ither elements an minerals. Notable gemstanes whilk contain beryllium include beryl (aquamarine, emerald) an chrysoberyl. As a free element, it is a steel-gray, strang, lichtwicht an brickle alkaline yird metal.

## References
Magnesium

**Magnesium** is a chemical element wi seembol&nbsp;**Mg** an atomic nummer&nbsp;12. It is a shiny gray solit which bears a close pheesical resemblance tae the ither five elements in the seicont column (Group 2, or alkaline yird metals) o the periodic cairt: thay each hae the same electron confeeguration in thair ooter electron shell producin a seemilar crystal structur.

Magnesium is the nint maist abundant element in the universe. It is produced in muckle, agein starns frae the sequential addeetion o three helium nuclei tae a caurbon nucleus. Whan sic starns explode as supernovas, muckle o the magnesium is expelled intae the interstellar medium whaur it mey recycle intae new starn seestems. Magnesium is the aicht maist abundant element in the Yird's crust an the fowerth maist common element in the Yird (efter airn, oxygen an silicon), makkin up 13% o the planet's mass an a muckle fraction o the planet's mantle. It is the third maist abundant element dissolved in seawater, efter sodium an chlorine.

Magnesium occurs naiturally anly in combination wi ither elements, whaur it invariably has a +2 oxidation state. The free element (metal) can be produced artifeecially, an is heichly reactive (tho in the atmosphere, it is suin coatit in a thin layer o oxide that pairtly inhibits reactivity — see passivation). The free metal birns wi a chairactereestic brilliant-white licht. The metal is nou obteened mainly bi electrolysis o magnesium sauts obteened frae brack, an is uised primarily as a component in alumeenium-magnesium alloys, whiles cried *[[magnalium]]* or *[[magnalium|magnelium]]*. Magnesium is less dense nor alumeenium, an the alloy is prized for its combination o lichtness an strenth.

Magnesium is the eleivent maist abundant element bi mass in the human bouk an is essential tae aw cells an some 300 enzymes. Magnesium ions interact wi polyphosphate compoonds sic as ATP, DNA, an RNA. Hunders o enzymes require magnesium ions tae function. Magnesium compoonds are uised medicinally as common laxatives, antacids (e.g., milk o magnes), an tae stabilise abnormal nerve excitation or bluid veshel spasm in sic condeetions as eclampsia.

## References
Maria Theresa

**Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina** ( ; 13&nbsp;Mey 1717 – 29&nbsp;November 1780) wis the anly female ruler o the Habsburg dominions an the last o the Hoose o Habsburg. She is generaly cried ***Empress Maria Theresa***. 

## Issue

# Airchduchess Maria Elisabeth o Austrick (1737–1740) died in infancy. 
# Airchduchess Maria Anna o Austrick (1738–1739) died in infancy. 
# Airchduchess Maria Carolina o Austrick (1740–1741) died in infancy. 
# Joseph II, Haly Roman Emperor  (1741–1790) mairit (1) Princess Isabella o Parma then (2) Princess Maria Josepha o Bavarie an haed issue. 
# Airchduchess Maria Christina o Austrick (1742–1798) mairit Prince Albert Casimir August o Saxony, Duke o Teschen an haed issue. 
# Airchduchess Maria Elisabeth o Austrick (1743–1808) niver mairit an haed nae issue. 
# Airchduke Charles Joseph o Austrick (1745–1761) niver mairit. 
# Airchduchess Maria Amalia o Austrick (1746–1804) mairit Prince Ferdinando o Parma, Duke o Parma an haed issue. 
# Leopold II, Haly Roman Emperor (1747–1792)
# Airchduchess Maria Carolina o Austrick  (stillborn 1748) 
# Airchduchess Maria Johanna Gabriele o Austrick (1750–1762) died young. 
# Airchduchess  Maria Josepha o Austrick (1751–1767) niver mairit. 
# Airchduchess Maria Carolina o Austrick (1752–1814) mairit Ferdinand I o the Twa Sicilies an haed issue. 
# Airchduke Ferdinand o Austrick, Duke o Breisgau (1754-1806) mairit Maria Beatrice d'Este, Duchess o Massa an haed childer. 
# Airchduchess Maria Antonia o Austrick (''Marie Antoinette'') (1755–1793) mairit Louis XVI o Fraunce an haed issue. 
# Airchdue Maximilian Francis o Austrick (1756–1801)

## Granddochters named in her honour

# Airchduchess Maria Theresa o Austrick auldest dochter o Joseph II, Haly Roman Emperor  an Princess Isabella o Parma.
# Princess Maria Theresa o Naples an Sicily  auldest dochter o Maria Carolina o Austrick an Ferdinand I o the Twa Sicilies.
# Marie Thérèse o Fraunce auldest dochter o Louis XVI o Fraunce an Marie Antoinette. 
# Airchduchess Maria Theresa o Austrick, Princess o Tuscany auldest dochter o Leopold II, Haly Roman Emperor an Maria Luisa o Spain.

## References

## External links
*
Charles II o Spain

**Charles II ** () (6 November 1661  – 1 November 1700) wis the last Habsburg ruler o Spain an hauf-brither o the-then Queen o Fraunce. He mairit twice but haed nae issue.

## Teetles

***6 November 1661 - 17 September 1665** The **Prince o [[Asturias]]**, Infante o Spain, Airchduke o Austrick. 
***17 September 1665 - 1 November 1700** The Keeng o Spain, Naples, Sicily, Sardinie, Duke o Milan, Sovereign o the law countries an Coont o Burgundy.
Rubidium

**Rubidium** is a chemical element wi seembol **Rb** an atomic nummer 37. Rubidium is a saft, sillery-white metallic element o the alkali metal group, wi an atomic mass o 85.4678. Elemental rubidium is heichly reactive, wi properties seemilar tae those o ither alkali metals, sic as very rapid oxidation in air. Naitural rubidium is a mix o twa isotopes: 85Rb, the anly stable ane, constitutes 72% o it. The remainin 28% is the slichtly radioactive 87Rb wi a hauf-life o 49&nbsp;billion year—mair nor three times langer than the estimatit age o the universe.

## References
Jena

**Jena** () is a German varsity toun an the seicont lairgest ceety in Thuringie.

## Twin touns
Jena is twinned wi:
* Porto, Portugal
* Lugoj, Romanie, syne 1983
* Erlangen, Germany, syne 1987
* San Marcos, Nicaragua, syne 1996
* Aubervilliers, Fraunce, syne 1999
* Berkeley, USA
* Kamëz, Albanie

## References
Confederation

A **confederation** (forby kent as **confederacy** or **league**) is a union o political units for common action in relation tae ither units.

## References
Praia

**Praia** (, meanin "strand", in baith Portuguese an Cape Verdean Creole), is the caipital an lairgest ceetie o Cape Verde, an island naition in the Atlantic Ocean wast o Senegal.

## References
Manchurie

**Manchurie** () is a modren name gien tae a muckle geografic region in Northeast Asie. Dependin on the defineetion o its extent, Manchurie uisually faws entirely within Cheenae, or is sometimes dividit atween Cheenae an Roushie.

## References
Porto-Novo

**Porto-Novo** (cried **Hogbonou** an **Adjacé** an aa) is the offeecial caipital o the Wast African naition o Benin, an wis the caipital o French Dahomey.

## References
Kelsey Grammer

**Allen Kelsey Grammer** (21 Februar 1955) is an American staund-up comedian, actor, director, producer, writer, sangster, dancer, vyce airtist, an comedian.

## Early life
Grammer wis born **Allen Kelsey Grammer** in Charlotte Amalie, U.S. Virgin Islands on 21 Julie 1955.

## Career

## Personal life

## Filmografie

## Discografie

## References

;General

## Bibliografie

## Freemit airtins

*
River Thames

The **River Thames** (Laitin: *Tamesis*) is a river that flows throu soothren Ingland. It is the langest river in Ingland an the seicont langest in the Unitit Kinrick efter the Severn.

It rises in Gloucestershire, in the Cotswold Hills. It then flows throu Wiltshire, Oxfordshire, Berkshire, Buckinghamshire an Surrey, wi the coonty touns o Oxford an Reading on its banks, an then throu the muckle ceety of Lunnon. Frae Lunnon the river widens intae a muckle estuary, atween Essex tae the north an Kent tae the sooth, afore drainin intae the North Sea.
Tourcoing

**Tourcoing** () is a ceety in northren Fraunce.

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns – Sister ceeties
Tourcoing is twinned wi: