Lisbon

**Lisbon** (or **Leesbon**; ; ) is the caipital an lairgest ceety o Portugal, wi a population o 564,657 athin its admeenistrative limits on a land aurie o 84.8 km2 (33 sq mi). The urban aurie o Lisbon extends ayont the admeenistrative ceety limits wi a population o 2.4 million on a aurie o 958 km2 (370 sq mi), it is the 12t maist populous urban aurie in the European Union. Aboot 2,831,000 fowk live in the Lisbon Metropolitan Aurie (which represents approximately 27% o the population o the kintra) an 3.34 million fowk live in the broader agglomeration o Lisbon Metropolitan Region (includes ceeties rangin froe Leiria tae Setúbal). Lisbon is the wastrenmaist lairge ceety locatit in Europe, as well as its wastrenmaist caipital ceety. It lies in the wastren Iberie Peninsulae on the Atlantic Ocean an the Tagus River, aboot 320&nbsp;km (198.84&nbsp;mi) northwast o Cape Spartel in Africae.

Lisbon is recognized as an alpha ceety acause o its importance in finance, commerce, media, entertainment, airts, internaitional tred, education, an tourism. It is ane o the major economic centres on the continent, wi a growin financial centre an the lairgest/seicont lairgest container port in the "Europe's Atlantic coast", Lisbon Internaitional Airport serves aboot 13 million passengers per year, motorway network an hub o heich-speed rail (Alfa Pendular) linkin main ceeties in Portugal, an in 2013 will hae a rail's heich-speed connection tae Spain. Lisbon is the 25th maist livable ceety in the Warld accordin tae lifestyle magazine *[[Monocle (2007 magazine)|Monocle]]*. The ceety is the seivent-maist-visitit ceety in Soothren Europe, efter Istanbul, Roum, Barcelona, Madrid, Athins, an Milan, wi aboot twa million tourists a year. The Lisbon region is the wealthiest region in Portugal, GDP PPP per capita is 26,100 euros (it is heicher results o 4.7% frae the average European Union's GDP PPP per caipita). It is the tent richest metropolitan aurie bi GDP on the continent amoontin tae 98 billion euros an thus €34,850 per caipita. This is 40% heicher than the average European Union's GDP per caipita. The ceety occupies 32nt place o heichest gross earnins in the warld. Maist o the heidquarters o multinaitionals in the kintra are locatit in the Lisbon aurie an it is the nint ceety in the warld in terms o quantity o internaitional conferences. It is an aa the poleetical centre o the kintra, as seat o Govrenment an residence of the Heid o State. The seat o the destrict o Lisbon an the centre o the Lisbon region.

Lisbon is ane o the auldest ceeties in the warld. Julius Caesar made it a municipium cawed *Felicitas Julia*, addin tae the name *Olissipo*. Ruled bi a series o Germanic tribes frae the fift century, it wis captured bi the Moors in the aicht century. In 1147, the Crusaders unner Afonso Henriques reconquered the ceety for the Christians an syne then it haes been a major poleetical, economic, an cultural centre o Portugal. Unlike maist caipital ceeties, Lisbon's status as the caipital o Portugal haes niver been grantit or confirmed offeecially – bi statute or in written form. Its position as the caipital haes formed through constitutional convention, makin its position as *[[de facto]]* caipital a pairt o the Constitution o Portugal.

Lisbon hosts twa agencies o the European Union: the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) an the European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA). The Community o Portuguese Leid Kintras (CPLP) is an aa heidquairtered in Lisbon.

Lisbon haes twa sites leetit bi UNESCO as a Warld Heritage Steid: Belém Touer an Jerónimos Monastery. Furthermair, in 1994, Lisbon wis the European Caipital o Cultur an in 1998 organized an Expo '98 (*1998 Lisbon World Exposition*).

Lisbon enjoys a Subtropical-Mediterranean climate. Amang aw the metropolises in Europe, it heas the warmest winters, wi average temperatures 15&nbsp;°C (59&nbsp;°F) durin the day an 8&nbsp;°C (46&nbsp;°F) at nicht in the period frae December tae Februar. The typical simmer's saison lasts aboot sax month, frae Mey tae October, although an aa in November, Mairch an Aprile temperatures sometimes reach aroond 20&nbsp;°C (68.0&nbsp;°F).

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns – Sister ceeties
Lisbon is twinned wi:

* Bethlehem, Palestine 
* Budapest, Hungary
* Fairfield, Californie, Unitit States
* Madrid, Spain 
* Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
* Cacheu, Guinea-Bissau
* Malacca, Malaysie
* Mexico Ceety, Mexico
* Pontelandolfo, Italy
* La Paz, Bolivie
* San Diego, Unitit States
* Luanda, Angolae
* Paris, France
* Maputo, Mozambique
* São Paulo, Brazil
* Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
* Brasília, Brazil
* Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
* Buenos Aires, Argentinae
* Praia, Cape Verde
* Tunis, Tunisie
* Waterbury, Connecticut, Unitit States
* Zagreb, Croatie
* Beijing, Fowkrepublic o Cheenae
* Ruse, Bulgarie
* Macau, Fowkrepublic o Cheenae
* Damascus, Sirie

## References