open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Fferyllt

**Fferyllt** is a fowk metal baund frae Krasnodar, Roushie. The baund plays symphonic fowk metal wi a range o traditional Wastren European instruments.

## History
In 2009, they produced their first album, *Dance of Druids*. Mony muisickers wur guests for the recordin: Vladimir Cherepovskiy (Arkona), Simon Muller (Folkearth, Excelsis, Sunuthar), Diana Timoschenko (Oneyros), Sonja Tavormina (Suada), an Pablo Allen (Skiltron). The album contains twa bonuses: covers o Ensiferum (LAI LAI HEI) an Eluveitie (Inis Mona). The airtwirk wis creatit bi Moscow designer Diana Lebedeva.

## Members
### Current members
*Natalya Gladkova - vocals (2010-present) 
*Alexey Godlewsky – guitar (2007-2008, 2009-present)
*Georgiy Tsedov – guitar (2003-present)
*D. "Diarmaid" Eliseev – keybuird, drum machine, acoustic guitar, bodhrán, Jew's harp, arrangements (2003-present)

### Umwhile members
*Alexander Lopatin - vocals (2010-2011)
*Alexander Lebedev - bass (2007-2008; 2009-2010)
*Anastasiya Ovcharenko - vocals (2010)
*Alexander Davtyan - vocals (2009-2010)
*Yanina "Astrid" Zelenskaya – vocals (2007–2009)
*Rustam "Ragnar" Borzov – vocals (2007–2008)
*Andrey Awdik – guitar (2007–2009)
*Sergey Gritsai – bass
*Evgeniy Martynov – drums

## Discography
### Studio albums
**[[Dance of Druids]]* (2009)

### Demos
**A Celtic Tale* (2006)

### Singles
**Thurisaz* (2009)

## Freemit airtins
*Offeecial wabsteid 
*Fferyllt on Encyclopaedia Metallum
Troll Gnet El

**Troll Gnet El** (oreeginally in Roushie **Тролль Гнёт Ель**) is a Fowk metal baund frae Saunt Petersburg, Roushie.

## History
It aw began when **Konstantin Rumyantsev** left the **Normans Land** at the end o simmer 1999 tae pursue his awn project, in conjunction wi **Maria Leonova**.
In the hairst o 2000, drummer Sergeu Voevodin an bassist Boris Senking wur appointit.
In the period frae 2001 tae 2003, the violinists wur Roustam Troll Gnet El Maminov, Sergei Kuvin, Katja Lozhkomoeva. The first o 2002, an aa joined the baund wi vionilist Anna Fomina.

## Members
### Current members
***Konstantin "Troll" Rumyantsev** (Russian "Константин Румянцев) - Vocals, Guitar
***Maria "Jethro" Leonova** ("Мария Леонова) - Violin, Vocals
***Sergei "Skjold" Nemtinov** ("Сергей Немтинов) - Bass
***Alexei "Elias" Mester** ("Алексей Местер) - Violin
***Sergei "Sigradd" Rubtsova** ("Сергей Рубцов) - Percussion

### Umwhile members
***Boris Senkin** ("Борис Сенькин") - Bass (2000 - 2007)
***Anna Fomina** ("Анна Фомина) - Violin - (2002-2007)
***Nikita Petrov** ("Никита Петров) - Drums - (2004-2006)
***Sergei Voevodin** ("Сергей Воеводин) - Drums - (2000-2004)
***Sergei Kuvin** ("Сергей Кувин) - Violin, mandolin
***Roustam Maminov** ("Рустам Маминов) - Violin

## Discography
***Troll Gnet El** (Тролль Гнёт Ель) - 2003
***Hangoverlainen Juhlat** (Праздник Похмеляйнен) - 2005
***Konung Hop** (Конунг хмель) - 2007

## Freemit airtins
* Offeecial Site 
* Trol''clip''beat down fir
Linköping

**Linköping**  is a ceety in soothren Swaden, wi 97,428 indwallers in 2005. It is the seat o Linköping Municipality wi 140,367 indwallers (2007) an the caipital o Östergötland Coonty. Linköping is an aa the episcopal see o the Diocese o Linköping (Kirk o Swaden) an is weel kent for its cathedral.

Linköping is the centre o an auld cultural region an celebratit its 700t anniversary in 1987. Nouadays Linköping is kent for its varsity an its heich-technology industry. Dominatin the ceety's skyline frae afar is the steeple o the cathedral.

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns — sister ceeties
Linköping is twinned wi:
*  Palo Alto, Californie
*  Guangzhou, Cheenae
*   Oradea, Romanie

#### Linköping Municipality

*  Guangzhou an Macau, Cheenae
*  Ísafjarðarbær, Iceland
*  Joensuu, Finland

*  Kaunas, Lithuanie
*  Linz, Austrick
*  Oradea, Romanie

*  Roskilde Municipality, Denmark
*  Tønsberg, Norawa

## References

## Freemit airtins

* Linköpings kommun - Offeecial site 
* vww.visitlinkoping.se - The offeecial visitors guide tae Linköping
Poisonblack

**Poisonblack** is a Finnish gothic metal baund led bi sangster/guitarist Ville Laihiala, kent for his vocals wi the baund Sentenced frae 1996 tae- 2005. Efter the depairture o Juha-Pekka Leppäluoto sometime efter the release o their first album, Escapexstacy, Laihiala, the baund's principal sangwriter, assumed vocal duties hissel an haes syne led Poisonblack in a muisical direction that closely mirrors that o his umwhile baund. 

## Baund members
### Current members
* Ville Laihiala - Vocals (2004–present), Lead Guitars (2000–present)
* Antti Remes - Bass (2004–present)
* Marco Sneck - Keybuirds (2000–present)
* Tarmo Kanerva - Drums (2000–present)

### Umwhile members
* Juha-Pekka Leppäluoto - Vocals (2001–2003)
* Janne Dahlgren - Guitars (2000–2003)
* Janne Markus - Guitars (2004–2010)
* Janne Kukkonen - Bass (2000–2004)

### Tour members
* Veli-Matti Kananen - Keyboards (2008)
* Antti Leiviskä - Guitars (2010)

## Discography
### Albums
**[[Escapexstacy]]* (2003)
**[[Lust Stained Despair]]* (2006)
**[[A Dead Heavy Day]]* (2008)
**[[Of Rust and Bones]]* (2010)
**[[Drive (Poisonblack album)|Drive]]* (2011)
*Lyijy (2013)

### Video Albums
**[[A Dead Heavy Day DVD]]* (2008)

### Singles
*"Love Infernal" (2003)
*"Rush" (2006)
*"Bear The Cross" (2008)
*"Mercury Falling" (2011)
*"Home Is Where the Sty Is" (2013)

### Compilation
* *Classics* (2009)

## References


## Freemit airtins

* Offeecial wabsteid
* Interview wi Ville Laihiala "Music Is My Savior In So Many Ways" 9 Februar 2010
Bioko Sur Province

**Bioko Sur Province** is a province o Equatorial Guinea. Its caipital is Luba. It occupies the soothren pairt o the island o Bioko, the remnant o which comprises Bioko Norte Province.
Napalm Records

**Napalm Records** is an Austrian record label focused on hivy metal an Haurd rock. 

Oreeginally, Napalm Records focused mainly on black metal such as Abigor an Summoning an fowk metal such as Falkenbach an Vintersorg.

Later on, Napalm Records expandit its roster bi addin gothic metal, symphonic metal, pouer metal an doom metal tae their roster. Napalm Records haes an aa distributit stoner rock such as Monster Magnet, Karma to Burn, an Brant Bjork.

Napalm Records haes its awn publishin hoose named Iron Avantgarde Publishing.  

## Notable airtists

*Abigor
*Ahab
*Alestorm
*Arkona
*Battlelore
*Belphegor
*Beseech
*Brant Bjork
*Dargaard
*Darkwell
*Die Verbannten Kinder Evas
*Dominion III
*Draconian
*Edenbridge
*Elis
*Enthroned (nou signed tae Regain)
*Fairyland
*Falkenbach
*Gigan
*Glittertind

*Grave Digger
*Heidenreich
*Heidevolk
*Hollenthon
*Ice Ages
*In Battle
*Intense
*Iron Fire
*Isole
*Jaldaboath
*Jungle Rot
*Kampfar
*Karma to Burn
*Korpiklaani
*Lacrimas Profundere
*Leaves' Eyes
*Lunatica
*Mehida
*Midnattsol
*Monster Magnet
*Mortemia

*Myriads
*Nightmare
*Power Quest
*Revolution Renaissance
*Saltatio Mortis
*Serenity
*Siebenbürgen
*Stream of Passion
*Stuck Mojo
*Summoning
*Svartsot
*The Sins of Thy Beloved
*Trail of Tears
*Tristania
*Týr
*Van Canto
*Vesania
*Vintersorg
*Visceral Evisceration
*Visions of Atlantis
*WeltenBrand

## Distribution
*Edel (Germany, Austrick)
*Alternative Distribution Alliance (US)

## References

## External links
* Hamepage
Centro Sur Province

:*For the region o [[Burkina Faso]], see [[Centre-Sud Region]].*
**Centro Sur Province** is a province o Equatorial Guinea. Its caipital is Evinayong.

Centro Sur borders Gabon's Estuaire Province in the soothwast an Woleu-Ntem Province in the sootheast, an Cameroon's Sooth Province in the north.  Domestically, it borders Kié-Ntem Province in the northeast, Wele-Nzas Province in the sootheast, an Litoral Province in the wast. 
Centro Sur Province contains three main touns, which are Akurenam, Niefang an Evinayong.
Kié-Ntem Province

**Kié-Ntem Province**  is a province o Equatorial Guinea. Its caipital is Ebebiyín.

Kié-Ntem Province haes the follaein borders:
*Sooth Province, Cameroon - north
*Woleu-Ntem Province, Gabon - east
*Wele-Nzas Province, Equatorial Guinea - sooth
*Centro Sur Province, Equatorial Guinea - wast
Litoral Province (Equatorial Guinea)

**Litoral Province** is a province o Equatorial Guinea. Its caipital is Bata the ither twa ceeties are Mbini an Kogo. The Littoral Province haes the lairgest population o Equatorial Guinea.

Litoral Province’s wastren border is the shores o the Gulf o Guinea, the anerlie province o Río Muni tae hae a seacoast. On land, it haes the follaein borders:
*Sooth Province, Cameroon—north
*Centro Sur Province, Equatorial Guinea—east
*Estuaire Province, Gabon—sooth
Sayyid Qutb

**Sayyid Qutb** () (an aa Said, Syed, Seyyid, Sayid, or Sayed; Koteb, Qutub, Kotb, or Kutb) (; October 9, 1906 – August 29, 1966) wis an Egyptian author, educator, Islamist, poet, an the leadin Islamic theologian o the Egyptian Muslim Britherhuid in the 1950s an '60s.

Author o 24 buiks, includin novels,  literary airts’ critique, wirks on education, he is best kent in the Muslim warld for his wirk on wha he believed tae be the social an poleetical role o Islam, particularly in his beuks *Social Justice* an *[[Ma'alim fi-l-Tariq]]* (*Milestones*).   His magnum opus, *[[Fi Zilal al-Qur'an]]* (*In the shade o the Qur'an*), is a 30-volume commentary on the Qur'an.

Even though maist o his observations an criticism wur leveled at the Muslim warld, Qutb is an aa kent for his disapproval o the society an cultur o the Unitit States which he saw as obsessed wi materialism an violence. Views on Qutb vary widely. He haes been described bi supporters as a great airtist an martyr for Islam, but bi mony Wastren observers as ane who shaped the ideas o Islamists an particularly o terrorist groups such as Al Qaeda The day, his supporters are aften identified as Qutbists or "Qutbi", though they dae no uise the term tae describe thairsels.

## References
Bari

**Bari**  (Bari dialect: ***Bàre***; frae Laitin: *Barium*) is the caipital ceety o the province o Bari an o the Apulie (or, in Italian, *Puglia*) region, on the Adriatic Sea, in Italy. It is the seicont maist important economic centre o mainland Soothren Italy efter Naples, an is weel kent as a port an university ceety, as well as the ceety o Saunt Nicholas. The ceety itsel haes a decreasin population o aboot 320,000, ower 116&nbsp;km², while the fast-growin urban aurie coonts 653,028 inhabitants ower 203&nbsp;km². Anither 500,000 fowk live in the metropolitan aurie.

Bari is made up o fower different urban sections. Tae the north is the closely biggit auld toun on the peninsula atween twa modren harbours, wi the splendid Basilica o Saunt Nicholas, the Cathedral o San Sabino (1035–1171) an the Swabian Castle biggit for Frederick II, which is nou an aa a major nichtlife destrict. Tae the sooth is the Murat quarter (erectit bi Joachim Murat), the modren hert o the ceety, which is laid oot on a rectangular grid-plan wi a promenade on the sea an the major shoppin destrict (the *via Sparano* an *via Argiro*).

Modren residential zones surroond the centre o Bari, the result o chaotic development durin the 1960s an 1970s replacin the auld suburbs that haed developed alang roads splaying ootwards frae gates in the ceety walls. In addition, the ooter suburbs hae developed rapidly durin the 1990s. The ceety haes a redeveloped airport named efter Pape John Paul II, Karol Wojtyła Airport, wi connections tae several European ceeties.

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns—Sister ceeties
Bari is twinned wi:


File:Castello normanno-svevo (Bari) 2017.jpg
File:Izlošci zbirke u Bariju.jpg
File:Bari u rujnu.jpg
File:Palazzo del Governo (Bari).jpg
File:Spomenik u talijanskom gradu Bariju.jpg
File:Palazzo delle Finanze (Bari).jpg
File:Katedrala sv. Sabina.jpg
File:Katedrala sv. Sabina, Bari, Apulija.jpg
File:U Bazilici svetog Nikole u Bariju 2017.jpg
File:Nadvratnik crkve u Bariju.jpg
File:U Bariju u crkvi 2017.jpg
File:Crkva, Bari 2017.jpg
File:Muzej sv. Nikole.jpg
File:U Bariju gradu.jpg


## References

## Freemit airtins
Mazar-i-Sharif

**Mazār-i-Sharīf** or **Mazār-e Sharīf** ( ) is the fowert lairgest ceety o Afghanistan, wi a population o aboot 375,181.  It is the caipital o Balkh Province an is linked bi roads tae Kabul in the sooth-east, Herat tae the wast an Uzbekistan tae the north. Mazari Sharif means "Noble Shrine," a reference tae the lairge, blue-tiled sanctuary an mosque in the centre o the ceety kent as the Shrine of Hazrat Ali or the *Blue Mosque*. It is believed bi some Muslims that the site o the tomb o Ali ibn Abi Talib, the cousin an son-in-law o Prophet Muhammad, is in Mazari Sharif.  Twelver Shi'as housomeivver, believe that the real grave o Ali is foond athin Imam Ali Mosque in Najaf, Iraq, as wis disclosed bi the Saxt Twelver Shi'a Imam, Ja'far as-Sadiq.  The ceety is a major tourist attraction acause o its fabulous Muslim an Hellenistic aircheological sites. In Julie 2006, the discovery o new Hellenistic remains wis annoonced. The ethnic majority in the ceety are Tajiks.

## References
Kandahar

**Kandahār** or **Qandahār** (Pashto/Persie: **کندهار** or ** قندهار**, Arabic: **إسكندرية**, Greek: **Αλεξάνδρεια αραχνοειδής** Transliteration: Alexandria Arachosia) is the seicont lairgest ceety in Afghanistan, wi a population o aboot 468,200. It is the caipital o Kandahar Province, locatit in the sooth o the kintra at aboot 1,005 m (3,297 feet) abuin sea level. The Arghandab River runs alang the wast o the ceety. 

Kandahar is a major tradin center for sheep, oo, cotton, silk, felt, fuid grains, fresh an dried fruit, an tobacco. The region produces fine fruits, especially pomegranates an grapes, an the ceety haes plants for cannin, dryin, an packin fruit. Kandahar haes an internaitional airport an extensive road links wi Farah an Herat tae the wast, Ghazni an Kabul tae the northeast, Tareen Kot tae the north, an Quetta in Pakistan tae the sooth.

Mony empires hae lang fought ower the ceety, due tae its strategic location alang the trade routes o Soothren an Central Asie. In 1709, Mirwais Hotak made the region an independent kinrick an turned Kandahar intae the caipital o the Hotaki dynasty. In 1747, Ahmad Shah Durrani, foonder o the Afghan Empire, made it the caipital o modren Afghanistan.
 Frae 1996 tae 2001, Kandahar served as the caipital o the Islamic Emirate o Afghanistan. Syne 2002, the ceety is slowly being rebuilt.

## References
Texarkana, Texas

**Texarkana** is a toun in Bowie County, Texas, Unitit States. It effectively functions as ane hauf o a ceety which crosses a state line — the ither hauf, the ceety o Texarkana, Arkansas, lies on the ither side o State Line Avenue. The population o the ceety is 34,782 at the 2000 census.

The toun, alang wi its Arkansas coonterpairt, forms the core o the Texarkana, Texas&ndash;Texarkana, Arkansas Metropolitan Statistical Aurie, encompassin aw o Bowie Coonty, Texas an Miller Coonty, Arkansas.

Texarkana is the heidquarters o the theologically conservative American Baptist Association, whose Missionary Baptist kirks are maist numerous in Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, an Mississippi.
Herat

**Herāt** ( ) is the caipital o Herat province in Afghanistan. It is the third lairgest ceety o Afghanistan, wi a population o aboot 397,456. It is situatit in the valley o the Hari River, whilk flows frae the muntains o central Afghanistan tae the Karakum Desert in Turkmenistan. The ceety is linked wi Kandahar, Mazar-i-Sharif an Kabul via a circular heichwey that stretches athort the kintra.

Situatit in a fertile aurie, Herāt is aboot 2,700 year auld an wis tradeetionally kent for its wine. The ceety haes mony historic biggins, awtho thir hae suffered damage in various military conflicts durin the last few decades. Durin the Middle Ages Herāt became ane o the important ceeties o Khorasan, as it wis kent as the *Pearl o Khorasan*.

Herāt lies on the auncient trade routes o the Middle East, Central an Sooth Asie. The roads frae Herāt tae Iran, Turkmenistan, an ither pairts o the kintra are still strategically important. The ceety is the gateway tae Iran, collectin the heichest amoont o customs revenue for Afghanistan. Persian-speakin Tajiks are the main indwallers o the ceety, an are roughly the same as the Persians o Eastren Iran.

## References
Sabha

**Sabha** mey refer tae:

*Sabha Destrict, ane o the destricts o Libyae
*Sabha (ceety), in Sabha Destrict, Libyae
*Sabhā, Parliament o Indie
Ghat, Libie

**Ghat** ( ) is ceety an the caipital o the Ghat Destrict in remote sooth-wastren Libie.

## History
In historical times, Ghat wis a major terminal point on the Trans-Saharan trade route an a major admeenistrative center in the Fezzan. It wis a stranghold for the Kel Ajjer Tuareg federation whose territory covered maist o sooth-wastren Libie - includin Ubari, Sebha an Ghadames - plus sooth-eastren Algerie (Djanet an Alezi). 

Frae the 5t century BCE tae the 5t century o the modren era, the Fezzan wis hame tae the Garamantian Empire, a ceety state which operatit the Trans-Saharan trade routes atween the Carthaginians -- an later the Roman Empire -- an the Sahelian states o wast an central Africae. Durin the 13t an 14t century, portions o the Fezzan wur pairt o the Kanem Empire, while the Ottoman rulers o North Africae assertit their control ower the region in the 17t century.

Beginnin in 1911, Ghat an the Fezzan wis occupee'd bi Italy. Housomeivver, Italy's control o the region wis precarious till at least 1923, wi the rise o the Italian Fascist regime. The Italians wur resisted in their early attempts at conquest bi Berber an Arab adherents tae the militant Sanusiya Sufi releegious order. Italian control o Ghat wis especially precarious for a lang time, due tae the strang active presence o the britherhuid o the Senussi. Tae defend their positions, Italians built a fortress that dominates the ceety frae the hill o *Koukemen*. This fort is still staundin as a tourist destination o the ceety. 
  
Durin the Seicont Warld War, Ghat wis occupied bi Fraunce frae 1943 till 1 Januar 1952, when the Unitit Naitions General Assembly passed a resolution statin that Libie shoud become independent. Fezzan Province wis then absorbed athin the borders o the Kinrick o Libie.

## Tourism

Ghat is an important tourist destination due tae the existence o prehistoric rock paintins an engravins in the neighborin Tadrart Acacus an Tassili N'Ajjer muntains, in addition tae the beauty o the surroondin desert landscapes. A major tourist attraction in the toun itsel is the Fortress o Ghat, *Koukemen*.

**[[Ghat Airport]]** is the local airport in Ghat. It is served bi Ghadames Air Transport tae Sebha.

## Veelages an seicontary oases o Ghat

* Serdeles
* Tahala
* Fewat

## Neighborin veelages
* Adales
* Albarkat
* Fewat
* Dejjan
* Tahala
* Serdeles
* Isayan
* Djanet, locatit in Algerie.
* Tin Alkum, locatit in Algerie.

## See an aa
* Libian Ceevil War
* Berber
* Tuareg
* Green Sahara

## References
* Jami Bey, "Ghat and its Surroundings", *The Geographical Journal* Vol. 34, No. 2 Aug. 1909, pp.&nbsp;171–173
Sabha, Libie

**Sabha** ( *Sabhā*) is a ceety in soothwastren Libie wi a population o 130,000.  It wis historically the caipital o the Fezzan region an is nou caipital o the Sabha Destrict.

## Owerview
Sabha is biggit on a plain saund aurie next tae a picturesque Lake Gaberoun, surroondit bi palm trees wi dates, which haes made the ceety increasingly popular wi internaitional tourists. In addition tae traditional camel-ridin, hirin an drivin jeeps tae veesit the surroondin auries haes acome increasingly popular. Wi a relatively lairge population, an growin fast, Sabha's importance is due tae its bein the air an road transport hub o the Fezzan, a military base, an the centre o a remarkable agricultural industry in the desert.

Sabha is famous for the Fort Elena castle, which is the castle featurt on the reverse o the ten dinars banknote o Libie.  Fort Elena wis previously kent as Fortezza Margherita, biggit durin the Italian colonial period. Currently the Italian-biggit fort is a military institution.

Sabha is kent as the place whaur Libian leader Muammar al-Gaddafi annoonced "the dawn o the era o the masses".

## Military
In a 2004 report bi the International Atomic Energy Agency, the Sabha base wis linked wi Libie's nuclear wappens programme.

**Seba Oasis**, near Sabha, wis the test site o the OTRAG rockets, efter launchin wis nae langer possible in Shaba North in Zaire (nou Democratic Republic o Congo). In Seba Oasis on Mairch 1, 1981 an OTRAG rocket wi a maximum heicht o 50&nbsp;km (31&nbsp;mi) wis launched.

## Transport

An 800&nbsp;km (500&nbsp;mi) lang railwey haes been proposed frae Sabha tae the port o Misrata for iron ore transport. This railwey coud continue tae Niger an ayont.

## See an aa

* Railway stations in Libie

## References
Sister ceety

**Twin touns** an **sister ceeties** are twa o mony terms uised tae describe the cooperative agreements atween a toun, ceeties an even coonties in geographically an poleetically distinct auries tae promote cultural an commercial ties.

## Terminology
In the Unitit Kinrick, the term *twin towns* is maist commonly uised, generally referrin tae *toun-twinnin* wi Europe, differentiating wi the term *sister ceeties*, that is uised for agreements wi touns an ceeties in the Unitit States. In Europe, a variety o terms are uised; maist commonly *twin touns*, but *pairtnership touns*, *pairtner touns* an *friendship touns,* are uised an aa. Germany uises *Partnerstadt* *(Pairtner Toun/Ceety)*, Fraunce uises *Ville Jumelée* *(Twinned Toun/Ceety)*. In the Netherlands, the term *Stedenband* *(Ceety bond)* is uised. North Americae, Sooth Americae, Sooth Asie, Australasie an Asie generally uise the term *sister ceeties*. In the umwhile Soviet Bloc kintras *twin touns* is uised, in addition tae the term *brither ceeties*, that is uised on occasion.

Whiles, ither govrenment bodies enter intae a "twinnin" relationship, lik the agreement atween the provinces o Hainan in Cheenae an Jeju-do in the Republic o Korea, or atween Washington, D.C., an Beijing.

The Douzelage is a toun twinnin association wi ane toun frae ilk o the member states o the European Union.

## Ither meanins
Whiles, the phrase "sister ceeties" is uised tae refer tae ceeties athout a formal agreement that hae seemilar culturs an/or historical backgrounds, lik Galveston, Texas an New Orleans, twa ceeties that war historically major Southern ports on the Gulf coast.

## Criticism
The concept o sister ceeties haes been criticized as an unnecessary an expensive endeavor for ceeties tae partak in wi nae or naur nae accoontability or obvious signs o economic development resultin frae the arrangement. Politeecians are frequently accuised o uisin sister ceeties as an excuse tae tak a pleasure trip at public expense, commonly referred tae as a junket.

## See an aa
* Paradiplomacy
* Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties
* Cross-border toun namin
* Partnership 2000
* Warld Ceety

## References

## Faur readin
*

## Freemit airtins

* Germany an the toun twinnin movement
* Toun twinnin in Europe's municipalities, touns an regions 
* Toun twinnin in Breetain syne 1945 
* Twinnin in Europe
* UK Toun Twinnin Portal
Wulver

The **wulver** is a craitur fae the fowklair o Shetland. They ur aften descrived as fowk kivert in broun fur an wi the heid o a wouf. Unalike the warwouf o European fowklair, the wulver wis aye a wulver an nae a man thit got turnt intae wan.

The wulver wis kent as a kind soul wha widnae hairm onybodie wha didnae hairm them. They cuid aften be fund fishin oan a stane in deep watter, still tae this day kent as "Wulver's Stane", an wuid share whit they caught wi fowk wha lived near. They wir weel-kent fur leavin fish oan a puir bodie's windae-sole.

## Relatit Pages
* Warwouf, fowk fae European fowklair thit kin turn intae a wouf.

## References
Egyptian Revolution

**Egyptian Revolution** micht can refer tae:

* Egyptian Revolution o 2011, a series o protests stairtit in 2011 leadin tae the resignation o Hosni Mubarak
* Egyptian Revolution o 1952, led bi Muhammad Naguib, Gamal Abdel Nasser, an the Free Officers Movement
* Egyptian Revolution o 1919, led bi Saad Zaghlul an the Wafd Pairty
Sirte

**Sirt**, an' a' **Surt** an **Sirte** (Arabic: سرت, , French: Syrte) is a ceety in Libie an the caipital o the Sirte Destrict. It is the seat o some important govrenmental institutions (on the naitional level) an birthplace o the Libie leader, Muammar Gaddafi in 1942. It is on the sooth coast o the Gulf o Sidra (auncient Syrtis Maior, frae which Sirt's name derives). Sirt lies haufway atween Tripoli ad Benghazi.

## Unitit Nations Democracy Fund
The Unitit Naitions Democracy Fund (UNDEF) wis established bi Secretary-General Kofi Annan in Julie 2005 at the African Union Summit in Sirt as a Unitit Naitions General Trust Fund unner his authority.

## Site o Darfur talks
In October 2007, Sirt wis the site o talks aween the Sudanese govrenment an certain Darfur rebel groups.

## Transfer o Libie's caipital
There wur attempts tae move the caipital o Libie tae Sirt durin the tenure o the Libie leader Muammar Gaddafi as it is the birthplace an residence o the Libian leader. Mony o the meenisterial heidquarters are nou locatit in Sirt, rather than Tripoli, as well as the Palais des Congrès, the lairgest conference hall in North Africae, an the Hospitality Village. There are an aa strategic reasons. First, Sirt is mair or less in atween Tripolitanie an Cyrenaica, an Cyrenaica is a region that haes shown plenty o examples o unthirldom towards the govrenment o Tripoli. Next, this wad involve a muive o fowk frae the croudit Tripoli region.

## Transport
### 2008
* China Railway Construction Corporation wan a $2.6 billion bid in Libie tae build a wast-tae-east coastal railway 352&nbsp;km (219&nbsp;mi) frae Al Khums tae Sirt an a sooth-tae-wast railway 800&nbsp;km (500&nbsp;mi) lang for iron ore transport frae the soothren ceety Sabha tae Misrata.

## Cultur
Al-Tahadi University is locatit in Sirt wi 13 local faculties, includin Law an Medicine. 

## See an aa
* Transport in Libie
* Railway stations in Libie

## References

## Freemit airtins
* MSN Map
Murzuk

**Murzuk**, **Marzuq** or **Murzuq** () is an oasis an toun in sooth wast Libie, an ane o the main settlements o the Murzuq destrict. 

## Owerview
It lies on the northren edge o the Murzuq Desert, a desert o great sandy dunes. The toun developed aroond the oasis, a stop on the north-sooth trade route athort the Sahara. In 1310, a fort, nou in ruins, wis built an the toun prospered for sax hunder years. The toun declined wi the advent o modren transportation. In 1960, it haed a population o anerlie 7,000.

## History
Murzuk wis a major fort, an wis termed the "Paris o the Sahara". It wis occupied bi the Ottomans in 1578 an served as the caipital o Fezzan aff an on. Although the Ottomans frequently haed a garrison there control wis unner the Sultan o Fezzan. The Ottomans cedit Fezzan wi the rest o Libie tae the Italians in 1912, housomeivver Murzuk wis no occupee'd bi the Italians till 1914.

In the early nineteent century, Murzuk served as a jumpin aff point for multiple Breetish expeditions tae fynd Lake Chad an the legendary Timbuktu. Splorers such as the 1822 Denham, Oudney an Clapperton expedition went frae Tripoli tae this ceety whaur they attemptit tae get baith protection an supplies for the trip sooth. Murzuk wis considered unhealthy bi mony Breetish splorers an led tae illness for mony killin some an forcin ithers back tae Tripoli.

## References
			

## Freemit airtins
2011 Egyptian revolution

The **2011 Egyptian Revolution** ( *thawret 25 yanāyir*, Revolution o 25 Januar) teuk place follaein a popular uprisin that began on 25 Januar 2011. The uprisin, in which the participants placed emphasis on the peaceful nature o the struggle, mainly comprised a campaign o ceevil resistance, which featured a series o demonstrations, mairches, acts o ceevil disobedience, an labor strikes. Millions o protesters frae a variety o socio-economic an releegious backgrunds demandit the owerthrow o the regime of Egyptian Preses Hosni Mubarak. Despite being predominantly peaceful in nature, the revolution wis no athoot violent clashes atween security forces an protesters. The campaign teuk place in Cairo, Alexandria, an in ither ceeties in Egyp, follaein the Tunisian Revolution that saw the owerthrow o the lang time Tunisian preses, Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. On 11 Februar, follaein weeks o determined popular protest an pressure, Mubarak resigned frae office.

Grievances o Egyptian protesters focused on legal an poleetical issues includin polis brutality, state o emergency laws, lack o free elections an freedom o speech, uncontrollable corruption, as well as economic issues includin heich unemployment, fuid price inflation, an law minimum wages. The primary demands frae protest organizers are the end o the Hosni Mubarak regime, the end o Emergency Law (martial law), freedom, juistice, a responsive non-military govrenment, an a say in the management o Egyp's resources. Strikes bi labor unions addit tae the pressure on govrenment offeecials.

Internaitional response tae the protests wis initially mixed, though maist hae cried for some sort o peaceful protests on baith sides an moves toward reform. Maistly Wastren govrenments an aa expressed concern for the situation. Mony govrenments issued travel advisories an began makin attempts at evacuatin their citizens frae the kintra.  The Egyptian Revolution, alang wi Tunisian events, haes influenced demonstrations in ither Arab kintras includin Yemen, Bahrain, Jordan an lairge ithers.

## Namin
In Egyp an an' a' the wider Arab warld, the protests an subsequent chynges in the govrenment, are maistly cried the **25 Januar Revolution** ( *Thawrat 25 Yanāyir*) an **Rage Revolution** (),an sometimes cried  the **Revolution o the Youth** ( *Thawrat al-Shabāb*), **[[Nelumbo|Lotus]] Revolution** () or the **White Revolution** ( *al-Thawrah al-bayḍāʾ*). In the Media it haes been kent as the "**18 Day Revolution**".

## References

## Freemit airtins

; General
* Egypt Resources frae Google Crisis Response
* 
* Media library  documentin Egyp's 25 Jan revolution wi thoosans o videos & photos
; Live coverage
* 
* 
* 
* Egypt Real Time Video Stream  at *Frequency*
* Interview with Wael Ghonim, Google mideast manager: Guardian via Dream TV, subtitled; Full translation 
; Documentaries
* Egypt: A Nation in Waiting (Al Jazeera documentary focusin on past trends in Egyp's poleetical history an the events which lead tae the revolution.)
* Revolution in Cairo (PBS Frontline documentary aboot the role o the Aprile 6 youth movement, cyberactivism an the Muslim Britherhuid in the revolution)
Newport

**Newport** () is a ceety an  unitar authority aurie in Wales. Staundin on the banks o the River Usk, it is locatit aboot 12 mile (19&nbsp;km) east o Cairdiff an is the lairgest urban aurie athin the historic coonty boundaries o Monmouthshire an the preserved coonty o Gwent. The Ceety o Newport, which includes rural auries as well as the built up aurie, is govrened bi the unitary Newport Ceety Cooncil, an haes a population o 140,200, makin it the seivent maist populous unitary authority in Wales.

Accordin tae Census 2001 data the population o the core built-up aurie wis 116,143, makin it the third lairgest ceety in Wales. For European statistical purposes, Newport is includit athin the Cairdiff an Sooth Wales valleys metropolitan aurie, which haes a population o nearly 1.1 million.

Newport railwey station is on the Sooth Wales main line.

## Twinnin
Newport is twinnin wi the follaein:
* Heidenheim, Germany syne 1980
* Kutaisi, Georgie syne 1989
* Guangxi, Cheenae syne 1996

## References

## Freemit airtins

*
*Newport Ceety Cooncil
*Ceety Centre information 
*Newport Civic Society 
*Newport Unlimited
*NP Local 
*Port o Newport 
*Activ Newport 
*Newport's War Dead
Tome, Miyagi

is a ceety locatit in Miyagi Prefectur, Japan.

Previously a destrict consistin o aicht touns, on 1 Aprile 2005, they, alang wi the toun o Tsuyama umwhile o Motoyoshi Destrict, merged tae form a new ceety. As o 2010, Tome ceety haed an estimatit population o 84,070 an a population density o 157 bodies per km². The total aurie wis 536.38&nbsp;km².

## Umwhile touns an veelages
Frae the umwhile Tome Destrict, Miyagi

*Hasama
*Ishikoshi
*Minamikata
*Nakada
*Toyoma
*Tōwa
*Toyosato
*Yoneyama

Frae Motoyoshi Destrict

*Tsuyama

## Transportation
### Train stations
* JR East
****[[Tōhoku Shinkansen]]**: Kurikoma-Kōgen
****[[Kesennuma Line]]**: Rikuzen-Toyosato - Mitakedō - Yanaizu - Rikuzen-Yokoyama
****[[Tōhoku Main Line]]**: Umegasawa - Nitta - Ishikoshi

### Major roads
* Tōhoku Expressway: (Tsukidate an Wakayanagi interchynges)
* Sanriku Expressway (Monou-Toyosato an Monou-Tsuyama interchynges)
* Route 45, Route 342, Route 346, Route 398, Route 456

## Sister ceeties
*  Southlake, Texas, USA
*  Vernon, Breetish Columbie, Canadae

## Freemit airtins

* Official website in Japanese
* Official website in English
Klagenfurt am Wörthersee

**Klagenfurt am Wörthersee** () is the caipital o the federal state o Carinthie in Austrick. Wi a population o ower 90,000 it is the saxt-lairgest ceety in the kintra. The ceety is the bishop's seat o the Roman Catholic diocese o Gurk-Klagenfurt an hame tae the Alpen-Adria University.

## Twin touns — sister ceeties

Klagenfurt is twinned wi:

* Wiesbaden, Germany, syne 1930
* Venlo, Netherlands, syne 1961
* Nova Gorica, Slovenia, syne 1965
* Gorizia, Italy, syne 1965
* Gladsaxe, Denmark, syne 1969
* Dessau-Rosslau, Germany, syne 1970
* Dushanbe, Tajikistan, syne 1973
* Dachau, Germany, syne 1974
* Rzeszów, Poland, syne 1975
* Sibiu, Romanie, syne 1990
* Zalaegerszeg, Hungary, syne 1990
* Chernivtsi, Ukraine, syne 1992
* Nazareth Illit, Israel, syne 1993
*  Tarragona, Spain, syne 1994
* Nanning, Cheenae, syne 2001
* Laval, Canadae, since 2005

## References
Iași

**Iaşi** () (historically referred tae as **Jassy** or **Iassy** an aw), is the seicont lairgest ceety (accordin tae the last census) an a municipality in Romanie. Locatit in the historical Moldavie region, Iaşi haes tradeetionally been ane o the leadin centres o Romanie social, cultural, academic and artistic life. The ceety wis the caipital o the Principality o Moldavie frae 1564 tae 1859, then o the Unitit Principalities frae 1859 tae 1862 an the caipital o Romanie frae 1916 tae 1918.

Kent as *The Cultural Caipital o Romanie*, Iaşi is a seembol in Romanie history. The historian Nicolae Iorga said "Thare shoud be nae Romanie who does no ken o it".

Still referred tae as *The Moldavie Caipital*, Iaşi is the seat o Iaşi Coonty an the main economic centre o the Romanie region o Moldavie. The social an cultural life revolves aroond the Vasile Alecsandri Naitional Theater (the auldest in Romanie), the Moldova State Philharmonic, the Opera House, the Tătăraşi Athenaeum, a famous Botanical Garden (the auldest an lairgest in Romanie), the Central University Library (the auldest in Romanie), the heich quality cultural centres an festivals, an array o museums, memorial hooses, releegious an historical monuments.

## Etymology an names
The ceety is historically referred tae as:
* German, Pols, Inglis: *Jassy*
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
Scholars hae different theories on the oreegin o the name "Iaşi". Some argue that the name oreeginates wi the Sarmatian tribe Iazyges (o Iranian oreegin), ane mentioned bi Ovid as "*Ipse vides onerata ferox ut ducata *'Iasyx**/ Per media Istri plaustra bubulcus aquas''" an "***Iazyges*' et Colchi Metereaque turba Getaque/ Danubii mediis vix prohibentur aquis*".

A nou lost inscription on a [[Roman Empire|Roman]] milestane foond near [[Osijek]], [[Croatie]] bi [[Matija Petar Katančić]] in the 18t century, mentions the existence o a *Jassiorum municipium*, or *Municipium Dacorum-Iassiorum* frae ither sources.

Anither explanation is that the name oreeginatit frae the Iranian [[Alans|Alanic]] tribe o [[Jassic fowk|Jassi]]. The Hungarian name o the ceety (*Jászvásár*) literally means "Jassic Mercat"; the antiquatit Romanian name, *Târgul Ieşilor* (an the ance-favoured *Iaşii''), mey indicate the same meanin.

Oral sources say that the name mey come frae an airchaic form o the Romanian wird "tae exit" acause the ceety wis an important trade node in the region.

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns — Sister ceeties
Iaşi is twinned wi:

## References

## Freemit airtins

* Iaşi Ceety Hall wabsteid
* Iaşi at romaniatourism.com
*  Offeecial site o the Iaşi polis inspectorate
Nassau, Bahamas

**Nassau** is the caipital, lairgest ceety, an commercial centre o the Bahamas. The ceety haes a population o 248,948 (2010 census), 70 percent o the entire population o the Bahamas (353,658). Lynden Pindling Internaitional Airport, the major airport for the Bahamas, is locatit aboot 16 kilometres (9.9&nbsp;mi) wast o Nassau ceety centre, an haes daily flichts tae major ceeties in the Unitit Kinrick, Unitit States, Canadae an the Caribbean. The ceety is locatit on the island o New Providence, that functions much like a business destrict. Nassau hooses the Hoose o Assembly an various judicial depairtments. Nassau is considered a historical stranghauld o pirates.
Kitwe

**Kitwe** is the seicont lairgest ceety in terms o size an population in Zambie. Wi a population o 547,700 (2007 census) Kitwe is ane o the maist developed commercial an industrial auries in the naition, alangside Ndola an Lusaka. Wi a complex o mines on its north-wastren an wastren edges.

Kitwe includes a number o tounships an suburbs includin Nkana East, Nkana Wast, Mindolo an Garneton. The ceety is sometimes referred tae as **Kitwe-Nkana**.

## Sister ceeties
Kitwe's haes five sister ceeties:
*  - Baia Mare, Romanie
*  - Bor, Serbie
*  - Sheffield, Sooth Yorkshire, England, Unitit Kinrick
*  - Detroit, Michigan, Unitit States
*  - Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brasil
Bayda, Libie

**Al Bayda** (  ), an aa spelt *Al-Baidhah*, *El-Beda* an *Beida* an kent as *Beda Littoria* unner Italian occupation, is a commercial an industrial ceety in Libie.

Al Bayda's history stretches back tae Auncient Greece, when it wis kent as Balagrae. Ane o the greatest attractions in the ceety the day is the tomb o a famous companion o the Prophet Muhammad, Ruwaifi bin Thabit al-Ansari. For that reason, the ceety wis kent as **Sidi Rafaa** efter him. Efter the arrival o Sayyid Muhammad ibn Ali as-Senussi in the aurie in the 19t century, an the construction o a zawiya, the ceety wis renamed Az Zawiya Al Bayda.

The modren ceety wis built in the 1950s. It wis oreeginally intendit tae be the new capital o Libie, an maist o the necessary govrenment biggins wut constructit there. Eventually, the plan tae move the caipital frae Tripoli tae Al Bayda wis dropped. Al Bayda is the admeenistrative seat for Al Jabal al Akhdar Destrict the day.

## Twin touns an sister ceeties
Bayda is twinned wi:

## References
Tripoli, Lebanon

**Tripoli** (Modren Staundart Arabic: **طرابلس** **', an   **',  *Tripolis*) is a ceety in Lebanon. Situatit north o Batroun an the cape o Lithoprosopon, Tripoli is the caipital o the North Govrenorate an the Tripoli Destrict (in Lebanon the destricts are subunits o govrenorates). The ceety is locatit 85&nbsp;km north o the caipital Beirut, an is the eastmaist port o Lebanon.

In auncient times, it wis the centre o a Phoenician confederation which includit Tyre, Sidon an Arados, hence the name Tripoli, meanin "triple ceety" in Greek. Later, it wis controlled successively bi the Assyrian Empire, Persian Empire, Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire, the Caliphate, the Seljuk Empire, Crusader States, the Mamluks, the Ottoman Empire an Fraunce. The Crusaders established the Coonty o Tripoli thare in the twalt century.

Tripoli is the day the seicont-lairgest ceety an seicont-lairgest port in Lebanon, wi approximately 500,000 indwallers, owerwhelmingly Sunni Muslims (approximately 80%), alang wi a sma minority o Orthodox an Maronite Christians, an a sma minority o Alawite Muslims.

The ceety borders El Mina, the port o the Tripoli Destrict, which it is geographically conjoined wi tae form the greater Tripoli conurbation.

## Internaitional  relations

### Twin touns&nbsp;– Sister ceeties
Tripoli is twinned  wi:
* Naples, Italy
* Damascus, Sirie
* Larnaca, Cyprus
* Faro, Portugal

## References
Egyptian Revolution o 1952

The **Egyptian Revolution o 1952** (), also known as the **23 Julie Revolution**, began on 23 Julie 1952, wi a military coup d'état bi a group o young airmy officers who named thairsels "The Free Officers Movement". The revolution wis initially aimed at owerthrowin Keeng Farouk I. Housomeivver, the movement haed mair poleetical ambitions an suin moved tae abolish the constitutional monarchy an establish a republic. The success o the revolution inspired numerous Arab an African kintras tae remove pro-Wastren an specifically pro-Breetish Empire an pro-French Empire monarchies an potentates.
Faiyum Govrenorate

**Faiyum Govrenorate** ( ) is ane o the govrenorates o Egyp in the middle o the kintra. Its caipital is the ceety o Faiyum, locatit aboot 81&nbsp;mi (130&nbsp;km) sooth wast o Cairo. It haes a population o 2,512,792 (2006).

## Etymology
 
The name Faiyum comes frae Coptic  / *efiom/peiom* (whence the proper name  *payoum*), meanin *the Sea* or *the Lake*, which in turn comes frae late Egyptian *pA y-m* o the same meanin, a reference tae the nearbi Lake Moeris.

## Geography
The govrenorate o Faiyum includes:
* The muckle fertile Faiyum Oasis, which comprises fermland, Lake Moeris, an some ceeties.
* Sooth o the Faiyum Oasis, a smawer depression contains the toun o El Gharaq el Sulţāni. It is an aa irrigatit frae the Nile.
* A dry barren depression named Wadi Elrayan, which covers 280&nbsp;mi² (725&nbsp;km²), wast o the El Gharaq el Sulţāni depression.
* Desert an dry muntains, which maistly surroond the depressions.

## Ceeties
*Faiyum
*Senuris

## See an aa
*Egyptian Fayoumi Chicken.
*Faiyum Oasis
*Lake Moeris
*Bahr Yussef
*Faiyum mummy portraits
*Wadi Elrayan

## References


## Freemit airtins
*Fayoum Govrenorate  Offeecial wabsteid
St. Louis

**St. Louis** ( or ; French: *Saint-Louis* or *St-Louis*, ) is an independent ceety an the seicont-lairgest ceety in the U.S. state o Missouri. In 2010, St. Louis haed a population o 319,294; a 2013 estimate put the population at 318,416, The principal municipality o Greater St. Louis, population 2,892,874, the lairgest urban aurie in Missouri, the 4t lairgest urban aurie in the Midwast, an 15t-lairgest in the Unitit States.

## Sister ceeties
St. Louis haes 16 sister ceeties.

*  Bologna, Italy
*  Bogor, Indonesie
*  Brčko, Bosnie an Herzegovinae
*  Donegal, County Donegal, Ireland
*  Galway, County Galway, Ireland
*  Lyon, Fraunce
*  Nanjing, Cheenae
*  Saint-Louis, Senegal
*  São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
*  Samara, Roushie
*  San Luis Potosí, Mexico
*  Stuttgart, Germany
*  Suwa, Japan
*  Szczecin, Poland
*  Wuhan, Cheenae
*  Yokneam, Israel

Wi informal relations wi  Tuguegarao, Philippines.

## References
Greater Cairo

**Greater Cairo** ( ) is the lairgest metropolitan aurie in Egyp an the third lairgest urban aurie in the Islamic Warld efter Jakarta an Istanbul. It is the lairgest urban aurie in Africae, Mediteranean kintras an North Africae. It is the warld's 16t lairgest metropolitan aurie, consistin o current govrenorates Cairo, Giza, an Qalyubia.
## Population

## References
Shavei Tzion

**Shavei Tzion** (, *lit.* Returnees tae Zion) is a moshav shitufi in northren Israel. Locatit atween Acre an Nahariya an coverin 2,000 dunams, it faws unner the jurisdiction o Mateh Asher Regional Cooncil. In 2006 it haed a population o 654.

The veelage wis established on 13 Aprile 1938 as pairt o the touer an stockade settlement scheme. Its foonders, immigrants frae Rexingen in Germany, haed arrived durin the Fift Aliyah.

The German ceety o Stuttgart haes a "special friendship" wi Shavei Tzion.

## References
Samara

**Samara** (), cried **Kuybyshev** () frae 1935 tae 1990, is the nint lairgest ceety in Roushie. It is situatit in the sootheastren pairt o European Roushie, the Volga Federal Destrict, at the confluence o the Volga an Samara Rivers. Samara is an aa the admeenistrative centre o Samara Oblast. The metropolitan aurie o Samara-Tolyatti-Syzran athin Samara Oblast constitutes the population o mair nor 3.0 million fowk. Umwhile a closed ceety, Samara is nou a lairge an important social, poleetical, economic, industrial an cultural centre o European Roushie, which in Mey 2007 played host tae the European Union—Roushie Summit.

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns — Sister ceeties
Samara is twinned wi:
*  Zhengzhou, Fowkrepublic o Cheenae
*  St. Louis, Unitit States
*  Stara Zagora, Bulgarie
*  Stuttgart, Germany
*  Dnipro, Ukraine
*  Denizli, Turkey
*  Koper, Slovenie
*  Palermo - Italy (2008)

## References
Toyota, Aichi

**Toyota** () is a ceety locatit in the Mikawa region o Aichi, Japan, east o Nagoya.

## Koromo an Toyota
The toun o **Koromo** (挙母市), the predecessor o present day Toyota, wis a major producer o silk an prospered in the Mikawa region frae the Meiji Era throu the Taishō period. As the demand for raw silk declined in Japan an abroad, the toun entered a period o gradual decline. The decline encouraged Kiichiro Toyoda, cousin o Eiji Toyoda, tae leuk for alternatives tae the faimily's automatic luim manufacturin business.  The search led tae the foondin o wha became the Toyota Motor Corporation.

The toun gained the status o a ceety on 1 Mairch 1951. The toun chynged its name tae **Toyota** in 1959, an ane year later, became the sister ceety o anither automotive ceety, Detroit, Michigan.  Toyota-shi is an aa twinned wi the Coonty o Derbyshire, Ingland, whaur Toyota operates a manufacturin plant.

On 25 Mairch 2005, Expo 2005 opened wi its main site in Nagakute an additional activity in Seto an Toyota. The Expo continued till 25 September 2005.

## Transport
The closest Shinkansen station is Mikawa-Anjō Station (aften simply referred tae as Anjo), but residents o Toyota uisually uise Nagoya Station acause Nozomi an Hikari dae no stap at Mikawa-Anjo. Thare is an airport nearbi providin convenient connections.

## History
Tokugawa Ieyasu, who became the first o 15 Tokugawa shoguns, wis a member o the Matsudaira clan, who derived its name frae a veelage o the same name, nou pairt o Toyota.

*1 Mairch 1951: The toun o Koromo frae Nishikamo Destrict gained ceety status.
*September 30, 1956: The ceety absorbed the veelage o Takahashi frae Nishikamo Destrict.
*1 Januar 1959: The ceety chynged its name tae Toyota.
*1960: The ceety became a sister ceety wi Detroit, Michigan, United States.
*1 Mairch 1964: The ceety absorbed the toun o Kamigo frae Hekikai Destrict.
*Mairch 1965: The sunflower became the ceety's flouer.
*1 September 1965: The ceety absorbed the toun o Takaoka frae Hekikai Destrict.
*1 Aprile 1967: The ceety absorbed the toun o Sanage frae Nishikamo Destrict.
*1968: The inaugural Toyota Festival wis held.
*1 Aprile 1970: The ceety absorbed the veelage o Matsudaira frae Higashikamo Destrict.
*1979: The Nagoya Railroad (Meitetsu) opened the Toyota New Line (nou Toyota Line).
*1988: The Aichi Loop Line opened.
*1998: The ceety became a Core Ceety.
*1999: The Toyota Ohashi opened.
*2001: Toyota Stadium opened.
*2005: Inabu frae Higashikamo Destrict became the current ceety o Toyota.

## Sports facilities
*Toyota Stadium

## Sister cities
*  Detroit, Michigan, Unitit States, frae September 21, 1960
*  Derby, Unitit Kinrick, frae November 16, 1998

## Freemit airtins

* Toyota city official website 
* Travel report by Vinod Jacob, 18 Aug 2006
Sohag Govrenorate

**Sohag Govrenorate** ( ) is ane o the govrenorates o Egyp. It is locatit in the sooth o the kintra (Upper Egyp), an covers a stretch o the Nile Valley. Syne 1960, its caipital haes been the ceety o Sohag. Prior tae that, the caipital wis the ceety o Girga an the name o the govrenorate wis **Girga Govrenorate**.

## Ceeties

* Akhmim (Ipu or Khent-Min or Khemmis or Panopolis)
* el-Balyana
* Dar el-Salam
* Girga (Tjeny or Thinis)
* Juhayna
* el-Mansha (Ptolemais Hermiou)
* el-Maragha
* Sakulta
* Sohag
* Tahta
* Tima
* el-Usayrat

## Ither important sites
* Abydos (Abedju)
* Apollonos Polis (Kom Isfaht)
* Beit Khallaf
* el-Hawawish
* Hut-Repyt (Athribis or Wannina)
* Kom Ishqaw (Aphrodito)
* el-Salamuni
* Tjebu (Djew-Qa or Antaeopolis or Qaw el-Kebir)

## Monasteries in the Sohag Govrenorate
*Red Monastery
*White Monastery

## References

## Freemit airtins
*Sohag Governorate  Offeecial wabsteid