open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Chess

**Chess** is a twa-player strategy board gemme played on a chessboord, a checkered gameboard wi 64&nbsp;squares arranged in an aicht-bi-aicht grid. It is ane o the warld's maist popular gemmes, played bi millions o fowk warldwide at hame, in clubs, online, bi correspondence, an in toornaments.

Baith player begins the gemme wi 16 pieces: ane keeng, ane queen, twa ruiks, twa knights, twa bishops, an aicht pawns. Ilkane o the sax piece types muives different. Pieces is uised tae attack an captur the opponent's pieces, wi the objective tae 'checkmate' the opponent's king bi placin it unner an inescapable threat o captur. In addeetion tae checkmate, the gemme can be wan bi the voluntary resignation o the opponent, that teepically occurs whan ower muckle hantle material is lost, or gif checkmate appears unavoidable. A gemme mey result in a draw in several wyes, whaur neither player wins. The coorse o the gemme is dividit intae three phases: openin, middlegame, an endgemme.

The first offeecial Warld Chess Champion, Wilhelm Steinitz, claimed his title in 1886; the current Warld Champion is Indian chess Grandmaster Viswanathan Anand. In addeetion tae the Warld Championship, thare the Weemen's Warld Championship, the Junior Warld Championship, the Warld Senior Championship, the Correspondence Chess Warld Championship, the Warld Computer Chess Championship, an Blitz an Rapid Warld Championships. The Chess Olympiad is a popular competeetion amang teams frae different nations. Online chess haes opened amateur an professional competeetion tae a wide an varied group o players. Chess is a recognised sport o the Internaitional Olympic Committee an internaitional chess competeetion is sanctioned bi the Warld Chess Federation (FIDE), which adoptit the nou-standard Staunton chess set in 1924 for uise in aw offeecial gemmes. Thare mony chess variants an aa, wi different rules, different pieces, an different boords.

Syne the seicont hauf o the 20t century, computers hae been programmed tae play chess wi increasin success, tae the pynt whaur hame computers can play chess at a vera heich level. In the past twa decades computer analysis haes contributit significantly tae chess theory, parteecular in the endgemme. The computer Deep Blue wis the first machine tae owercome a reignin Warld Chess Champion in a match, whan it defeatit Garry Kasparov in 1997.

## References

## Freemit airtins

;Internaitional organisations
* FIDE – Warld Chess Federation

:*Offeecial rules – FIDE Laws o Chess
:*FIDE leet o tap ratit players
* ICCF – Internaitional Correspondence Chess Federation
* ACP  – Association o Chess Professionals

;News
* Chessbase news 
* The Week in Chess 

;Ither
* ChessGames.com – online chess database an community
* Chess records – details o langest gemme, maist passed pawns, fewest captures etc.
**Blodig – Wimmer, Bavaria, Germany 1988 : full gemme wi 17 consecutive captures
**CHESS RECORDS in Palview leet o unusual chess gemmes (gemmes in full)
* A sample chess gemme
* The Chess Encyclopedie
Technetium

**Technetium** is the chemical element wi atomic number 43 an seembol **Tc**. It is the lawest atomic number element wioot ony stable isotopes; every fairm o it is radioactive. Nearly aw technetium is produced synthetically, an anly minute amoonts are foond in naitur. Naiturally occurrin technetium occurs as a spontaneous fission product in uranium ore or bi neutron capture in molybdenum ores. The chemical properties o this sillery gray, crystalline transeetion metal are intermediate atween rhenium an manganese.

Mony o technetium's properties wur predictit bi Dmitri Mendeleev afore the element wis discovered. Mendeleev notit a gap in his periodic table an gae the undiscovered element the provisional name *[[Mendeleev's predictit elements|ekamanganese]]* (*Em*). In 1937, technetium (specifically the technetium-97 isotope) acame the first predominantly airtificial element tae be produced, hence its name (frae the Greek , meanin "airtificial").

Its short-lived gamma ray-emitting nuclear isomer—technetium-99m—is uised in nuclear medicine for a wide variety o diagnostic tests. Technetium-99 is uised as a gamma ray-free soorce o beta pairticles. Lang-lived technetium isotopes produced commercially are bi-products o fission o uranium-235 in nuclear reactors an are extractit frae nuclear fuel rods. Acause na isotope o technetium haes a hauf-life langer than 4.2&nbsp;million years (technetium-98), its detection in 1952 in red giants, which are billions o year auld, helped bolster the theory that starns can produce hivier elements.

## References
Gorgoch

**Gorgoch** (); umwhile kent as *Korchlu*, is a veelage in the Kotayk Province o Armenie. It is includit in the commonty o Meghradzor veelage.

## References
*
*
Tazar

**Tazar** (, Romanisit as **Ţazar** an aw) is a veelage in Kah Landwart Destrict, Davarzan Destrict, Sabzevar Coonty, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population wis 154, in 50 faimilies.  

## References
Shahrabad

**Shahrabad** () mey refer tae:
*Shahrabad, Kerman, Iran
*Shahrabad, alternate name o Shirabad, Maneh an Samalqan, North Khorasan Province, Iran
*Shahrabad-e Khavar, North Khorasan Province, Iran
*Shahrabad-e Kord, North Khorasan Province, Iran
*Shahrabad, Qazvin, Iran
*Shahrabad, Bardaskan, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran
*Shahrabad, Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran
*Shahrabad, Nishapur, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran
*Shahrabad, Sabzevar, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran
*Shahrabad, Torbat-e Jam, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran
*Shahrabad, Tehran, Iran
*Shahrabad-e Ilat, Iran
*Shahrabad Destrict, Iran
*Shahrabad Landwart Destrict, Iran
Davarzan

**Davarzan** (, Romanisit as **Dāvarzan** an **Duvarzān** an aw) is a ceety in an the caipital o Davarzan Destrict, in Sabzevar Coonty, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population wis 2,387, in 705 faimilies. 

## References
Václav Havel

**Václav Havel** (; 5 October 193618 December 2011) wis a Czech playwricht, essayist, poet, dissident an politeecian.

Havel wis the nint an last preses o Czechoslovakie (1989–1992) an the first preses o the Czech Republic (1993–2003). He wrote mair nor 20 plays an numerous non-fiction wirks, translatit internaitionally.

Havel wis voted 4t in *[[Prospect (magazine)|Prospect]]* magazine's 2005 global poll o the warld's tap 100 intellectuals. At the time o his daith he wis Chairman o the New York-based Human Richts Foondation. He wis the foonder o the VIZE 97 Foondation an the principal organizer o the Forum 2000 annual global conference.

Havel wis ane o the signatories o the Charter 77 manifesto, a foondin signatory, thegither wi Joachim Gauck, o the Prague Declaration on European Conscience an Communism (launchin the European Day o Remembrance for Victims o Stalinism an Nazism), an a cooncil member o the Victims o Communism Memorial Foondation. Havel received mony recognitions, includin the Unitit States Presidential Medal o Freedom, th Gandhi Peace Prize, the Philadelphia Liberty Medal, the Order o Canadae, the freedom medal o the Fower Freedoms Awaird, an the Ambassador o Conscience Awaird.
The 2012–2013 academic year at the College o Europe wis named in his honour.

## References

## Freemit airtins

* Václav Havel Offeecial wabsteid
* Václav Havel Library, Prague
* Watch ''Citizen Havel'', a film aboot Václav Havel, at www.dafilms.com
* 
* 
* 
* 
* Václav Havel archive frae *[[The New York Review o Beuks]]*
* Havel at Columbie: Bibliography: Human Richts Archive
* Radio Prague's detailed accoont o Havel's life
* Bio o Václav Havel 
* New York Times obit
* The Havel Festival 
* The Dagmar an Václav Havel Foondation
* Last interview, given tae ''The European Strategist'' 

|-
James Gandolfini

**James Joseph Gandolfini, Jr.** (18 September 1961 &ndash; 19 Juin 2013) wis an American actor. He wis weel-kent for his role as Tony Soprano in *[[The Sopranos]]*.
Jupiter

**Jupiter** (seembol: ; forbye cawed **Jubiter**) is the fift planet frae the Sun an the lairgest planet in the Solar System. It is a gas giant wi a mass ae-thoosandt that o the Sun but is twa-an-a-hauf times the mass o aw the ither planets in the Solar System pitten thegither. Jupiter is clessifee'd as a gas giant alang wi Saturn, Uranus an Neptune. Thegither, thir fower planets is whiles referred tae as the  or ooter planets. The planet wis kent bi astronomers o auncient times, an wis associate wi the meethology an religious beliefs o mony culturs. The Romans named the planet efter the Roman god Jupiter. Whan viewed frae the Yird, Jupiter can reach an apparent magnitude o −2.94, bricht eneuch tae cast shaidaes, an makkin it on average the third-brichtest object in the nicht lift efter the Muin an Venus. (Maurs can briefly match Jupiter's brichtness at certaint pynts in its orbit.)

Jupiter is componed maistly o hydrogen wi a quarter o its mass bein helium, awtho helium only comprises aboot a tent o the nummer o molecules. It micht an aa hae a rocky core o hivier elements, but lik the ither gas giants, Jupiter disna hae a weel-defined solit surface. Acause o its rapid rotation, the planet's shape is that o an oblate spheroid (it haes a slicht but noticeable bulge aroond the equator). The ooter atmosphere is visibly segregatit intae several bands at different latitudes, resultin in turbulence an stairms alang thair interactin boundaries. A prominent result is the Great Reid Spot, a giant stairm that is kent tae hae existit syne at least the 17t century whan it wis first seen bi telescope. Surroondin Jupiter is a faint planetar ring system an a pouerful magnetosphere. Thare are atour at least 67 muins, includin the fower lairge muins cried the Galilean muins that wis first discovered bi Galileo Galilei in 1610. Ganymede, the lairgest o thir muins, haes a diameter greater than that o the planet Mercury.

Jupiter haes been explored on several occasions bi robotic spacecraft, maist notably durin the early Pioneer an Voyager flyby missions an later bi the Galileo orbiter. The maist recent probe tae visit Jupiter wis the Pluto-boond New Horizons spacecraft in late Februar 2007. The probe uised the gravity frae Jupiter tae increase its speed. Futur tairgets for exploration in the Jovian system includes the possible ice-covert liquid ocean on the muin Europa.

## References
Renminbi

The **renminbi** (**RMB**, sign: **[[¥]]**; code: **CNY**; an aa **CN¥**, **元** an **CN元**) is the offeecial siller o the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae. Renminbi is legal tender in mainland Cheenae, but nae in Hong Kong, Taiwan, or Macau. Renminbi is whiles acceptit in Hong Kong an Macau, an are easily exchynged in the twa territories, wi banks in Hong Kong allowin fowk tae maintain accoonts in RMB. The siller is issued bi the Fowk's Bank o Cheenae, the monetary authority o Cheenae. Its name () leeterally means "fowk's siller".

The primary unit o renminbi is the *[[Cheenese yuan|yuán]]* (元/圆). Ane yuan is subdividit intae 10 *jiǎo* (角), which in turn is subdividit intae 10 *fēn* (分). Renminbi banknotes are available in denominations frae 1 jiao tae 100 yuan (¥0.1–100) an coins hae denominations frae 1 fen tae 1 yuan (¥0.01–1). Sicweys, some denominations exist in coins an banknotes. Coins unner ¥0.1 are uised infrequently.

Till 2005, the value o the renminbi wis pegged tae the U.S. dollar.  As Cheenae pursued its historical transeetion frae central plannin tae a mercat economy, an increased its parteecipation in foreign tred, the renminbi wis devalued tae increase the competitiveness o Cheenese industry. It haed previously been claimed that the renminbi's offeecial exchynge rate wis unnervalued bi as much as 37.5% against its purchasin pouer parity (see alaw).

Syne 2005, the renminbi exchynge rate haes been allowed tae float in a nairae margin aroond a fixed base rate determined wi reference tae a basket o warld sillers. The Cheenese govrenment haes annoonced that it will gradually increase the flexibility o the exchynge rate. Cheenae haes ineetiatit various pilot projects tae "internaitionalize" the RMB in the hope that it will acome a reserve siller ower the lang term. Lately, houiver, appreciation actions bi the Cheenese govrenment, as well as quantitative easin measurs taken bi the Federal Reserve an ither major central banks, hae caused the renminbi tae be within as little as 8% o its equilibrium value bi the seicont hauf o 2012.

## References

## Freemit airtins
* Stephen Mulvey, 26 Juin 2010, Why Cheenae's siller haes twa names - BBC News
*    
*
Bujar Nishani

**Bujar Faik Nishani** (born 29 September 1966; deed 28 Mey 2022; ); wis Preses o Albanie frae Julie 2012 tae Julie 2017. At the time o his election, Nishani wis a member o the Democratic Pairty o Albanie, an MP, an the Meenister o Interior. Constitutionally he haed tae resign aw three posts due tae his election as Preses. The Albanian Parliament electit Nishani as Preses wi a simple majority o 73 votes oot o 140, wioot consensus frae the opposeetion.  

## Personal life an eddication
Bujar Nishani wis born in Durrës, Albanie on 29 September 1966. In 1988, he graduatit frae the Militar Academy "Skënderbej". In 1996, he followed his master studies in San Antonio, Texas an Californie. In 2004, he graduatit at the Law Faculty o Varsity o Tirana. He completit his master in European studies. Nishani suffers frae a disease. He is operatit in brain bluid vessels an nou his left haund an his left leg move wi difficulty. 

## Politics

Bujar Nishani jyned the Democratic Pairty o Albanie in 1991, efter the faw o communism. He wirked as chief o foreign relations in the Meenistry o Defense an then as heid o the affice o NATO relations in the Meenistry o Foreign Affairs. In 1996, he wis appyntit meenister o defense.

Efter the Democratic Pairty lost the 1997 parliamentary election, he lost his affice an acame chairman o the NGO for Euro-Atlantic Airmy. In 2001 he wis electit general secretary o the DP's branch in Tirana an in 2004 member o the Tirana ceety cooncil.

He wan the 2005 election in the 34t electoral zone in the caipital against the Meenister o Polis an Security, Igli Toska. Efter leadin the Naitional Security Parliamentary Commission he wis nominatit as Meenister o the Interior bi Prime Meenister Sali Berisha, an in September 2009, efter a second electoral victory he wis nominated as Meenister o Justice. In 2011 he replaced Lulzim Basha as Meenister o the Interior.

On 12 Juin 2012, efter winnin the presidential election, Nishani resigned as Meenister o Interior.

## Personal life
Nishani is married tae Odeta Nishani an haes 2 childer.

## References

## Freemit airtins
* MP page  at the Cooncil o Europe Parliamentary Assembly
Joseph Kabila

**Joseph Kabila Kabange** (kent commonly as **Joseph Kabila**, born Juin 4, 1971) is a Congolese politeecian who haes been Preses o the Democratic Republic o the Congo syne Januar 2001. He teuk affice ten days efter the assassination o his faither, Preses Laurent-Désiré Kabila. He wis elected as Preses in 2006. In 2011, he wis re-electit for a seicont term.

## References

## Freemit airtins

* Joseph Kabila, The Untold Story
* Rape in the DRC
* BBC Country Profile
* Offeecial wabsteid o the Preses o the DRC 
* Joseph Kabila 2011 campaign steid 
* Democratic Republic o the Congo – Permanent Mission tae the Unitit Naitions 
* DR Congo presidential candidates face aff in seicont roond  Jane's Intelligence Watch Report, 22 August 2006
* For Congo's Leader, Middlin Reviews bi Jeffrey Gettleman, *The New York Times*, Aprile 4, 2009
Sig, Algerie

**Sig** (kent unner the Romans as **Tasacora** an unner the French as **Saint Denis de Sig** an aw) is a toun umwhile locatit in Oran Province an nou locatit in Mascara Province, northwastren Algerie.
Locatit aboot 44&nbsp;km east o Oran an 450&nbsp;km frae Algiers, Sig is locatit aboot 29&nbsp;km frae the sea. The temperaturs thare uisually rise frae Mey tae the end o August. It can reach up tae  an become vera hot in a desert-like terrain. Its population is ower 120,000 which is relatively heich..

## References
Albert II o Belgium

**Albert II**, (born 6 Juin 1934) is the umwhile King o the Belgians, a constitutional monarch, servin frae 1993 tae his abdication in 2013. He is a member o the ryal hoose "o Belgium"; this hoose uised tae be cried the Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. He is the uncle o the current reignin Grand Duke o Luxembourg, Henri, an faither o the current Belgian king, Philippe.

## Freemit airtins
* Offeecial Belgian monarchy wab steid
* The Ryal Belgium Orders 

## References
Mascara Province

**Mascara** () is a province (*[[wilaya]]*) in Algerie. Thare wis an yirdquauk in Mascara Ceety (the caipital) on 18 August 1994 - 5.6 on the Richter scale - which killed 171 fowk. It wis namit efter its caipital, whose name means "militar garrison" in Arabic, an which is unrelatit tae "Mascara", the cosmetic. Anither important locality is the toun o Sig.

## Admeenistrative diveesions
The province is dividit intae 16 destricts (*daïras*), which are further dividit intae 47 ''communes'' or municipalities.

### Destricts

# Aïn Farès
# Aïn Fekan
# Aouf
# Bouhanifia
# El Bordj
# Ghriss
# Hachem
# Mascara
# Mohammedia
# Oggaz
# Ouled Attia
# Oued Taria
# Sig
# Tighenif
# Tizi
# Zahana

### Communes

# Aïn Fares
# Aïn Fekan
# Aïn Ferah
# Aïn Fras
# Alaimia
# Aouf
# Beniane
# Bou Hanifia
# Bou Henni
# Chorfa
# El Bordj
# El Gaada
# El Ghomri
# Hachem
# El Keurt
# El Menaouer
# Ferraguig
# Froha
# Gharrous
# Guerdjoum
# Guittena 
# Ghriss    
# Mamounia
# Hacine
# Khalouia
# Makdha
# Maoussa
# Mascara
# Matemore
# Mocta Douz
# Mohammadia
# Nesmoth
# Oggaz
# Oued El Abtal
# Oued Taria
# Ras Ain Amirouche
# Sedjerara
# Sehaîlia
# Sidi Abdeldjebar
# Sidi Abdelmoumen
# Sidi Kada
# Sidi Boussaid
# Sig
# Tighennif
# Tizi
# Zahana
# Zelameta

## References
Tell Shughayb

**Tell Shughayb** (, transliteratit **Tel Shegheb** an aw) is a veelage in northren Sirie, admeenistratively pairt o the Munt Simeon Destrict o Aleppo Govrenorate, locatit juist soothwast o Aleppo. Nearbi localities include al-Nayrab tae the north, Tell Hasil tae the east an al-Safira tae the sootheast. Accordin tae the Sirie Central Bureau o Statistics, Tell Shughayb haed a population o 5,110 in the 2004 census.

## References
Khan Tuman

**Khan Tuman** () is a veelage in northren Sirie, admeenistratively pairt o the Munt Simeon Destrict o Aleppo Governorate, locatit soothwast o Aleppo. Nearbi localities include Urum al-Kubrah, Urum al-Sughrah, al-Shaykh Ali an al-Zurbah. Accordin tae the Sirie Central Bureau o Statistics, Khan Tuman haed a population o 2,781 in the 2004 census. The veelage is biggit on a hill locatit juist east o the Queiq River. It is kent for its historical ''caravanserai'' which dates back tae 1189.

## References

## Bibliografie

*
Rasm Harmil al-Imam

**Rasm al-Harmil al-Imam** () is a town in northren Sirie, admeenistratively pairt o the Dayr Hafir Destrict o the Aleppo Govrenorate, locatit 50 kilometres east o Aleppo. Nearbi localities include Rasm al-Krum tae the soothwast, Dayr Hafir tae the sooth an Rasm Kabar tae the sootheast.

## Economie
The economie o the toun depends on agricultur, trade, services.

## Education
Thare are twa elementar schuils, ane intermediate (junior-heich) schuil, an ane seicontar (heich) schuil.

## Halth
The toun is providit wi a public halth clinic. An aw thare are some specialisit private clinics an pharmacies.

## References
Pocona

**Pocona** () is a location in the Cochabamba Depairtment in central Bolivie. It is the seat o the Pocona Municipality, the third municipal section o the Carrasco Province. At the time o census 2001 it haed a population o 244.

## Places o interest
* Incallajta

## See an aw
* Carrasco Naitional Pairk

## Freemit airtins
* Map: Carrasco Province 

## References
Vacas Municipality

**Vacas Municipality** (Quechua name: **Wak'as**, derivin frae *[[Huaca|Wak'a]]*) is the seicont municipal section o the Arani Province in the Cochabamba Depairtment in central Bolivie. Its caipital is Vacas kent as the "Laund o the potato" (, ). Durin the Inca Empire Vacas servit as a *[[Tambo (Incan structur)|tampu]]* alang the Inca road seestem that led tae Inkallaqta an Pocona.

It is bordered tae the north bi the Tiraque Province, tae the wast bi the Arani Municipality, tae the sooth bi the Mizque Province an tae the sootheast bi the Carrasco Province, an it is sizit 334&nbsp;km².

## Geografie

The municipality is kent for its lochs some o which belang tae the lairgest anes in the Cochabamba Depairtment, Parqu Qucha an Asiru Qucha, follaeed bi Junt'utuyu, Qullpa Qucha, Pilawit'u an Yanatama. Thare are some smawer rivers like Phaqcha Mayu an Challwa Mayu an  *Turu Wayq'u* is ane o the watterfaws athin the municipality. Prominent muntains are Kuntur Puñuna, Khurupampa, P'allqaluma, Juch'uy Llallawa an Quturipunta.

## Veelages

## Leeteratur
* A Revolution for our Rights - Indigenous Struggles for Land and Justice in Bolivia, 1880–1952, Excerpt online: page 72 ff

## References


## Freemit airtins
* Map of Vacas Municipality
* Population data and map of Vacas Municipality 
* Images of Vacas
* Betty Veizaga and the group Pukaj Wayra: ''Aires de mi tierra'' (''Takipayanaku'')
* Escuela Superior de Formación de Maestros «Ismael Montes»  (Spanish)
Totora

**Totora** mey refer tae:

*Totora (plant), a Sooth American plant
*Totora, Cochabamba, a toun in Bolivie
*Totora Destrict, in Amazonas, Peru

## See an aw
*Totara, a tree endemic tae New Zealand
Toco Municipality

**Toco Municipality** (an aw **Toko Municipality**) is the seicont municipal section o the Germán Jordán Province in the Cochabamba Depairtment, Bolivie. Its seat is Toco.

The municipality consists o anerlie ane canton, Toco Canton (or Toko Canton). It is identical tae the municipality.

## References

*  Instituto Nacional de Estadistica de Bolivia  (INE)
Toco, Cochabamba

**Toco** or **Toko** (frae ) is a locality in the Cochabamba Depairtment in central Bolivie. It is the seat o the Toco Municipality, the seicont municipal section o the Germán Jordán Province. At the time o census 2001 it haed a population o 827.

## References

## Freemit airtins
* Map o Germán Jordán Province
Tiraque Municipality

**Tiraque Municipality** is the first municipal section o the Tiraque Province in the Cochabamba Depairtment, Bolivie. At the time o census 2001 - still includin Shinahota Canton (nou Shinahota Municipality) - it haed a population o 35,017. Its seat is Tiraque. 

## Cantons
The municipality is dividit intae twa cantons. They are (their seats in parentheses):
* Palca Canton - (Palca)
* Tiraque Canton - (Tiraque)

In 2009 Shinahota Canton (namit Central Busch Canton an aw) got the status o a municipality.  Nou Shinahota Municipality wi its seat Shinahota is the seicont municipal section o the Tiraque Province.

## See an aw
* Jatun Mayu
* Pila Qucha
* Sayt'u Qucha
* T'utura Qucha
* Wasa Mayu

## References

* Instituto Nacional de Estadistica de Bolivia
Tiraque

**Tiraque** is a location in the Cochabamba Depairtment, Bolivie. It is the seat o the Tiraque Province. At the time o census 2001 it haed a population o 1,906.

## References


## Freemit airtins
*Map o Tiraque Province
Thomas Hobbes

Thomas Hobbes (April 5, 1588-December 4, 1679) wis a Inglish philosopher an poleetical theorist fae Malmsbury. He is maist kent fur beuks on poleetical philosophy but he writ beuks on history, geometry, theology an ethics amang ither subjecks an aw. His maist famous beuk, on political philosophy itsel, wis cried Leviathan. He writ it in 1651. 

## Daith
He dee'd at the age o 91 acause o blaider disorter in December 1679.

## Legacy
He haed influence on ither philosophers, lik John Locke.
Benyamin Bahadori

**Benyamin Bahadori** () is an Iranian sangster o Persie pop muisic frae Tehran (e Tonekabon) Iran. His 2006 album *85* wis a commercial success athin Iran an wi the Iranian diaspora abroad.  His maist famous sangs include "*Khatereha*" ("Memories", mair commonly kent as "*Donya*"), "*Loknat*" ("Stutter"), an "*Adam Ahani*" (mair commonly kent as "Halam Badeh").

In September 2006, Bahadori travelled tae Swaden tae hae concerts in Tantolunden, Hornstull an Stockholm.

Bahadori is famous for his releegious-themit compositions an aw.

## Discografie
*2006: *85*
*2009: *88*

## References

## Freemit airtins
*Benyamin's Offeecial Wabsteid  
*
Mohammadia

**Mohammadia** is a toun an commune in Mascara Province, Algerie. Accordin tae the 1998 census it haes a population o 71,366.

## References
Sig Destrict

**Sig Destrict** is a destrict o Mascara Province, Algerie.

## Municipalities
The destrict is further dividit intae 3 municipalities, which is the lawest nummer in the province:
***[[Sig, Algerie]]**
*Chorfa
*Bou Henni
Sidi Bel Abbès Province

**Sidi Bel Abbès** () is ane o the provinces (*[[wilaya]]s*) o Algerie. Its name is derivit frae the name o its caipital, the ceety o Sidi Bel Abbès. It is situatit in the northwastren pairt o the kintra.

## Admeenistrative diveesions
The province is dividit intae 15 destricts (*[[daïra]]s*), which are further dividit intae 52 ''communes'' or municipalities.

### Destricts

# Aïn El Berd
# Ben Badis
# Marhoum
# Mérine
# Mostefa Ben Brahim
# Moulay Slissen
# Ras El Ma
# Sfisef
# Sidi Ali Benyoub
# Sidi Ali Boussidi
# **[[Sidi Bel Abbès Destrict|Sidi Bel Abbès]]**
# Sidi Lahcène
# Télagh
# Ténira
# Téssala

### Communes

# Ain Adden
# Ain El Berd
# Ain Kada
# Ain Thrid
# Ain Tindamine
# Amarnas
# Badredine El Mokrani
# Belarbi
# Ben Badis
# Benachiba Chelia
# Bir El Hammam
# Boudjebaa El Bordj
# Boukhanafis
# Chettouane Belaila
# Dhaya
# El Hacaiba
# Hassi Dahou
# Hassi Zehana
# Lamtar
# Makedra
# Marhoum
# M'Cid
# Merine
# Mezaourou
# Mostefa Ben Brahim
# Moulay Slissen
# Oued Sebaa
# Oued Sefioun
# Oued Taourira
# Ras El Ma
# Redjem Demouche
# Sehala Thaoura
# Sfissef
# Sidi Ali Benyoub
# Sidi Ali Boussidi
# **[[Sidi Bel Abbès]]**
# Sidi Brahim
# Sidi Chaib
# Sidi Dahou de Zairs
# Sidi Hamadouche
# Sidi Khaled
# Sidi Lahcene
# Sidi Yacoub
# Tabla (Tabia)
# Tafissour
# Taoudmout
# Teghalimet
# Telagh
# Tenezara
# Tenira
# Tessala
# Tilmouni
# Zerouala

## References
Paul Quilès

**Paul Quilès** (born on 27 Januar 1942; dee'd 24 September 2021) wis a French Socialist politeecian.

## Biografie
He wis born in Sig, Algerie.

Deputy o Tarn *département*, close tae Laurent Fabius, he wis Defense Meenister frae 1985 tae 1986, efter the ''Rainbow Warrior'' scandal. He wis Interior Meenister frae 1992 tae 1993, then chairman o the Defense commission in the French Naitional Assembly frae 1997 tae 2002.

## Freemit airtins
* Offeecial Wabsteid
Aïn Témouchent Province

**Aïn Témouchent** () is a province (*[[wilaya]]*) in northwastren Algerie, namit efter its caipital: Aïn Témouchent.

## Admeenistrative diveesions
It is made up o 8 destricts an 28 municipalities.

The destricts are:

# Aïn Kihel
# Aïn Larbaâ
# **[[Aïn Témouchent Destrict|Aïn Témouchent]]**
# Béni Saf
# El Amria
# El Malah
# Hammam Bou Hadjar
# Oulhassa Gheraba

The municipalities are:

# Aghlal
# Aïn El Arbaa
# Aïn Kihal
# **[[Aïn Témouchent]]**
# Aïn Tolba
# Aoubellil
# Beni Saf
# Bou Zedjar
# Chaabet El Ham
# Chentouf
# El Amria
# El Emir Abdelkader
# El Malah
# El Messaid
# Hammam Bouhadjar
# Hassasna
# Hassi El Ghella
# Oued Berkeche
# Oued Sabah
# Ouled Boudjemaa
# Ouled Kihal
# Oulhaca El Gheraba
# Sidi Ben Adda
# Sidi Boumedienne
# Sidi Ouriache
# Sidi Safi
# Tamzoura
# Terga

## References


## Freemit airtins
*  Offeecial wabsteid
Sig

**Sig** mey refer tae:

*Sig, Algerie, a ceety in Algerie
*Signatur, in various senses
**Sig*, abbreviation o *Signore* ("Lord") in Italian
*Signa or Signatura, the "signatur" section o a medical prescription, which contains directions tae the patient, an the signatur o the prescribin doctor
*a signatur block in e-mail messagin (.sig)
**[[Coregonus]]*, the common whitefish, kent as *Sig* in Roushie
Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic

The **Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic** ( *Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikiston*;  *Tadzhikskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika*), kent as the **Tajik SSR** for short an aw, wis ane o the 15 republics that made up the Soviet Union.  Locatit in Central Asie, the Tajik SSR wis creatit on 5 Dizember 1929 as a naitional entity for the Tajik fowk athin the Soviet Union.  It succeedit the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Tajik ASSR), which haed been creatit on 14 October 1924 as a pairt o the predominantly Turkic Uzbek SSR in the process o naitional delimitation in Soviet Central Asie.  On 9 September 1991, Tajik SSR declared unthirldom frae the Soviet Union an wis renamit the Republic o Tajikistan. Efter the dissolution o the Soviet Union, the state ceased tae exist on 6 November 1994 wi the adoption o the new Constitution o Tajikistan.
Armenie Soviet Socialist Republic

The **Armenie Soviet Socialist Republic** ( *Haykakan Sovetakan Soc’ialistakan Hanrapetut’yun*;  *Armjanskaja Sovetskaja Sotsialističeskaja Respublika*), kent as the **Armenie SSR** or **Soviet Armenie** an aw, wis ane of the fifteen republics that made up the Soviet Union in Dizember 1922. It wis establisht in Dizember 1920, when the Soviets teuk ower control o the short-livit Democratic Republic o Armenie an lastit till 1991. It is sometimes cried the Seicont Republic o Armenie, follaein the Democratic Republic o Armenie's demise (which wis kent as the First Republic o Armenie an aw).

As pairt o the Soviet Union, the Armenie SSR transformit frae a lairgely agricultural hinterland tae an important industrial production center. On 23 August 1990, it wis renamit the Republic o Armenie, but remained in the Soviet Union till its offeecial proclamation o unthirldom on 21 September 1991. Efter the dissolution o the Soviet Union, the state o the post-Union Republic o Armenie existit till the adoption o the new constitution in 1995.

## Notes
Aram Asatryan

**Aram Asatryan** (3 March 1953 – 7 November 2006) () wis an Armenie pop sangster an sangwriter kent for his energetic concerts an muisic.

## Life
Asatryan wis born in Echmiadzin, Armenie, the son o Hapet Asatryan an Ashken Mampreyan. He wis born tae a refugee faimily. Iver syne his bairnheid years he haed been a prodigal muisicker. In the year o 1985, his baund wis formit. He became kent throuoot the warld for his voice an his muisical stylin. Aram luvit tae wirk an he devotit his life tae muisic. He approached positive things an wis confident aboot hissel. His luve for his kintra an the Armenies as well as ither ethnic groups are expressed in his sangs. When Armenie wis in conflict, he performit sangs for the sodgers an Armenies in general for moral support.

Asatryan performit in mony concerts in Asie, Europe, Roushie, the Middle East an many ceeties in Armenie. He haes written ower 500 sangs an constantly held warld tours. Throuoot his life he haed receivit mony awairds such as the “Gusan” he wis awairdit on 18 Aprile 2003 frae the Cultural Muisic Meenistry in Armenie. Till his daith, he residit in the Unitit States. He believit his muisic wad pass on frae generation tae generation.

His son, Artash Asatryan, continues his legacy as a popular Armenie muisicker.

## Daith
Asatryan dee'd on 2006-11-07 at Oshakan in the Aragatsotn Province, from an apparent hert attack. He wis at a baptism bein the godfaither o a Armenie faimily. The fatal attack happened at aboot 19:00 local time. He did no show early symptoms as it wis reportit that he wis in a vera guid an wairm muid. He wis surroondit wi his close relatives. He is grievit bi his fans an the Armenie naition haes taken a big loss frae his daith, as he is/wis considered the oreeginal Armenie pop sangster o modren times, an the "voice of Hayastan". The entire Asatryan faimily is considered tae be a foremaist contributor tae the pop muisic o post-Soviet Armenie.

Note: his son Setrak (Seto) dee'd in a tragic automobile accident approx. 1 year afore Aram's daith, which left Aram in a vera sad depressed grievin state up till his return trip tae Armenie in 2006.

## Discografie
**Mer Hayrenik* (1990)
**The Best* (1991)
**Ankakh Hayastan* (1992)
**Music with Duduk * (1993)
**Indz Hamar* (1993)
**Puch Ashkhar* (1993)
**Nayir Ashkharin* (1994)
**Azat Hayastan* (1995)
**Hay Es Du* (1996)
**The Golden Album* (1997)
**Super Dance* (1998)
**In Los Angeles* (1998)
**Et Dardzek Tariner* (1999)
**10 Tari Bemum* (1999)
**Aram Asatrian* (2000)
**Self Titled* (2000)
**The Very Best* (2000)
**Re Mi-X* (2000)
**Asem, Te Chasem* (2001)
**Im Yerke* (2001)
**Skizb* (2002)
**Sweet Memories* (2002)
**The Best of 1989-2002* (2003)
**Du Ashkhar Yekar* (2003)
**Aram Asatryan & Friends: 50 Golden Years* (2003)
**Anund* (2005)
**Aram Asatryan [[Hamalir]]: Live Concert in Armenia* (2005)
**Aram Asatryan, Artash Asatryan, Tigran Asatryan- My Sons* (2006)

## Soorces
* Death
* a1plus death report
* On IMDB
* Listen songs
* Aram Asatryan Music Videos
Charles II, Keeng o Scots

**Charles II, King o Scots** (29 Mey 1630-6 Februar 1685) wis a king o Scots, Ingland, an Ireland.

Charles II's faither, Charles I, wis executit at Whitehall on 30 Januar 1649, at the climax o the Inglis Ceevil War. Awtho the Pairlament o Scotland proclaimed Charles II king on 5 Februar 1649, Ingland entered the period kent as the Inglis Interregnum or the Inglis Commonweel, an the kintra wis a *de facto* republic, led bi Oliver Cromwell. Cromwell defeatit Charles II at the Battle o Worcester on 3 September 1651, an Charles fled tae mainland Europe. Cromwell becam virtual dictator o Ingland, Scotland an Ireland, an Charles spent the next nine years in exile in Fraunce, the Dutch Republic an the Spaingie Netherlands. A poleetical crisis that follaed the daith o Cromwell in 1658 resultit in the restoration o the monarchy, an Charles wis invited tae return tae Breetain. On 29 Mey 1660, his 30t birthday, he wis received in Lunnon tae public acclaim. Efter 1660, aw legal documents war datit as if he haed succeedit his faither as king in 1649.

Charles's Inglis pairlament enactit laws kent as the Clarendon Code, designed tae shore up the poseetion o the re-established Kirk o Ingland. Charles acquiesced tae the Clarendon Code even tho he favoured a policy o releegious tolerance. The major furrin policy issue o his early ring was the Seicont Anglo-Dutch War. In 1670, he entered intae the Treaty o Dover, an alliance wi his first cuisin King Louis XIV o Fraunce. Louis agreed tae aid him in the Third Anglo-Dutch War an pay him a pension, an Charles saicretly promised tae convert tae Catholicism at an unspecifee'd futur date. Charles attemptit tae introduce releegious freedom for Catholics an Protestant dissenters wi his 1672 Ryal Declaration o Indulgence, but the Inglis Pairlament forced him tae widraw it. In 1679, Titus Oates's revelations o a supposed "Popish Plot" sparked the Exclusion Creesis whan it wis revealed that Charles's brither an heir (James, Duke o York) wis a Catholic. The creesis saw the birth o the pro-exclusion Whig an anti-exclusion Tory pairties. Charles sidit wi the Tories, an, follaein the diskivery o the Rye Hoose Plot tae murther Charles an James in 1683, some Whig leaders war executit or forced intae exile. Charles dissolved the Inglis Parliament in 1681, an ruled alane till his daith on 6 Februar 1685. He wis received intae the Roman Catholic Kirk on his daithbed.

Charles wis ane o the maist popular an beloved kings o Ingland, kent as the *Merry Monarch*, in reference tae baith the liveliness an hedonism o his coort an the general relief at the return tae normality efter ower a decade o rule bi Cromwell an the Puritans. Charles's wife, Catherine o Braganza, bore na live childer, but Charles acknawledged at least twal illegitimate childer bi various mistresses. He wis succeedit bi his brither James.

## References

## Soorces
*
Mary II, Queen o Scots

**Mary II, Queen o Scots** (1662-1694) wis a Queen o Scots. She wis co-monarched wi William II. She dee'd in 1694 an William wis king aw the way till 1702 whan Mary's sister teuk ower becomin Anne I o Great Britain in 1707. She wis a sister o Anne, Queen o Great Breetain as weel as a cousin o Louis XIV.

## Teetles an styles
***30 April 1662 – 4 November 1677** *Her Highness* The Lady Mary.
***4 November 1677 – 13 Februar 1689** *Her Highness* The Princess o Orange.
***13 Februar 1689 – 28 December 1694** 'Her Majesty'' The Queen.

## External links
Yingluck Shinawatra

**Yingluck Shinawatra** (, , ; born 21 June 1967), or nickname **Pu** (, , "crab"), is a Thai businesswoman an politeecian, member o the Pheu Thai Pairty, the 28t Prime Meenister o Thailand followin the 2011 general election. Yingluck is Thailand's first female Prime Meenister an at 45 is the youngest Prime Meenister o Thailand in ower 60 years.

Born in Chiang Mai Province intae a wealthy faimily o Cheenese strynd, Yingluck Shinawatra earned a bachelor's degree frae Chiang Mai Varsity an a master's degree frae Kentucky State Varsity, baith in public admeenistration. She acame an executive in the businesses foondit bi her elder brither, Thaksin Shinawatra, an later acame the preses o property developer SC Asset an managin director o Advanced Info Service. Meanwhile, her brither Thaksin acame Prime Meenister, wis owerthrown in a militar coup, an went intae self-imposed exile efter a coort convictit him o abuse o pouer.

In Mey 2011, the Pheu Thai Pairty, which maintains close ties tae Thaksin, nominatit Yingluck as their candidate for Prime Meenister in the 2011 general election. Peua Thai campaigned wi a slogan o "Thaksin Thinks, Peua Thai Does".  She campaigned on a platform o naitional reconciliation, poverty eradication, an corporate income tax reduction, but the rulin Democrat Pairty claimed that she would act in the interests o her exiled brither. The Pheu Thai Pairty wan a landslide victory, winnin 265 seats in the 500 seat Hoose o Representatives o Thailand, It wis anly the seicont time in Thai poleetical history that a single pairty wan a parliamentary majority, the first pairty wis her brither's pairty, Thai Rak Thai Pairty.

## References

## Freemit airtins
* Pheu Thai Pairty wabsteid
* Profile: Yingluck Shinawatra on *[[BBC News]]*
* Profile: Yingluck Shinawatra on *[[CBC News]]*
*
Choummaly Sayasone

Lieutenant General **Choummaly Sayasone** (Lao: ຈູມມະລີ ໄຊຍະສອນ; born 6 Mairch 1936) is the maist recent umwhileGeneral Secretar o the Lao Fowk's Revolutionar Pairty (LPRP) an Preses o the Lao Fowk's Democratic Republic. He wis electit as Pairty General Secretar on 21 Mairch 2006, in the eftermath o the Pairty's 8t Congress bi the 1st plenum o the 8t Central Committee, succeedin Khamtai Siphandon, an he subsequently succeedit Siphandon as Preses on Juin 8, 2006. He wis succeedit bi Bounnhang Vorachith in baith poseetions in 2016.

Choummaly wis born in Attapu. He jyned the Pairty's Politburo in 1991 an served  as Meenister o Defence frae 1991 tae 2001. Subsequently he wis Vice Preses frae 2001 tae 2006.

In Mairch 2011, he wis reelectit tae his poseetion as pairty General Secretar at the 9t LPRP Congress. In Juin 2011, he retained his wis reelectit as Preses o Laos at the Sevent Lao Naitional Assembly.

## References
Kuusemäe

**Kuusemäe** is a veelage in Anija Pairish, Harju Coonty in northren Estonie. It's locatit aboot  north o the toun o Kehra, on the left bank o the Jägala River. Kuusemäe haes a population o 17 (as o 1 Januar 2010).

## References
Alavere, Harju Coonty

**Alavere** () is a veelage in Anija Pairish, Harju Coonty in northren Estonie. It haes a population o 382 (as o 1 Januar 2010).

Muisicker Sandra Nurmsalu who representit Estonie in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 grew up an currently lives in Alavere.

## References
Arava

**Arava** can refer tae:
*Arava, Estonie, a veelage in Anija Commune, Harju Coonty, Estonie.
*Arabah, a section o the Great Rift atween the Deid Sea an the Guwf o Aqaba in Israel and Jordan.
*Aravah, a willae branch, ane o the Fower Species uised on the Jewish holiday o Sukkot.
*IAI Arava  Short Take-Aff an Laundin STOL, plane manufactured bi Israel Aircraft Industries.
*A trade name o the drog leflunomide

## See an aw
*Araba
Anija

**Anija** () is a veelage in Anija Pairish, Harju Coonty in northren Estonie. It haes a population o 128 (as o 1 Januar 2010).

Anija wis first mentioned in 1241 as *Hangægus* veelage in the Dens Census Beuk.

## Anija manor
A manor hoose haes existit in Anija syne at least 1482, but the present biggin dates frae the early years o the 19t century. The manor wis burned doun durin the uprisin o 1905, but later restored mair or less in its oreeginal form. The biggin still showcases some fine stucco decorations on baith the front an back façades, as well as an ebony staircase frae the early 20t century. Adjacent tae the manor hoose the umwhile smithy, granar, creamery an cowshed are situatit.  The manor hoose is locatit in a pairk, unique for its mony foreign tree species. Aw in aw, the manor complex is ane o the best preservit in Estonie.

## Cultur
The International Random Film Festival wis hostit in Anija in Mairch 2012.

## References

## Freemit airtins
*Anija manor at Estonian Manors Portal
Zhdanov

**Zhdanov** mey refer tae:

## Fowk
*Zhdanov (surname)

## Places
* Mariupol, Ukraine, kent as **Zhdanov** efter Andrei Zhdanov frae 1948 till 1989
*Zhdanov, Armavir, a toun in Armavir Province, Armenie
*Zhdanov, Lori, a toun in Lori Province, Armenie
*Beylagan (ceety), Azerbaijan

## Ither uises
* *Zhdanov*, a Sverdlov class Soviet cruiser
Oola

**Oola** (, ; or **, , frae the drumlins) is a veelage in Coonty Limerick, an the province o Munster, Ireland, near Limerick in the midwast o the kintra. The main N24 road frae Limerick tae Waterford passes throu the toun an the toun o Tipperary is locatit 12 kilometres sooth-east o Oola. It has approximately 500 inhabitants.
The veelage is hame tae a kirk (The Church of The Sacred Heart), a petrol station, a convenience store, twa public hooses, a playin pitch, a post office, a credit union, a haw, an a florist. In the Ware o 2012 a commonty cooncil wis formit tae help in keepin the veelage archives an tae maintain an information resource for veelagers past an present.

## History
The ruins o Oola Castle staund close tae the veelage an in 1825, some lairge an perfect antlers of the Erse elk wur discovered; an, in 1828, a brazen trumpet, an spear an arrae heids o bronze wur foond, which wur placit in the museum o Trinity College, Dublin.

## Transport
Tho the toun is nae langer connectit tae the rail netwirk, the important station at Limerick Junction is nearbi. Oola railwey station opened on 9 Mey 1848 an feenally closed on 9 September 1963.

## See an aw
* Leet o touns an veelages in the Republic o Ireland

## References

## Freemit airtins
* oolacc.com &nbsp;— Oola Community Council
O'Briensbridge-Montpelier

**O'Briensbridge** () is a veelage in east Coonty Clare, Ireland, on the wast bank o the River Shannon. The first brig athort the river here wis biggit in 1506 bi Turlough O'Brien, First Earl o Thomond an his brither, the Bishop o Killaloe. At the eastren end o the day's 14-airch brig lees the veelage o Montpelier in Coonty Limerick.

This 16t-century brig wis in turn replacit or rebuilt c. 1750. The five airches on the wast side o the brig date frae this period. The sax airches on the east side wur replacit bi the Shannon Commissioners in 1842. The first airch on the wast side wis replacit bi the present navigation airch when the Shannon Scheme wis biggit dounstream in 1925–29.

The auncient river-crossin here is believit tae be identical wi *Áth Caille* (meanin "Ford of the Wood"): ane o the three fords mentioned in the Triads of Ireland, the ithers bein *Áth Clíath* (Dublin) an *Áth Lúain* (Athlone).

O'Brien's Brig's local soccer club is Brig Celtic A.F.C formed in 1963 an currently playin in the Clare Soccer League. 
The club won the Clare Premier title 2006/07, first time in 28 years.

## Demografics
"O'Briensbridge-Montpelier" is a census toun in Ireland, comprisin the veelages o O'Briensbridge in Coonty Clare an Montpelier in Coonty Limerick which face ilk ither athort the River Shannon. The combined census toun haed a population o 375 at the 2002 census.

## See an aw
* O'Briensbridge
* Montpelier

## Freemit airtins
*O'Brien's Bridge Live
*Bridge Celtic A.F.C (Local veelage soccer club formit in 1963)
Oola (disambiguation)

**[[Oola]]** is a veelage in Coonty Limerick, province o Munster, Ireland

**Oola** mey refer tae an aw:

In **geografie**:
* Oola, Bhutan, a veelage in central-soothren Bhutan
* Oola, Estonie, a veelage in Rapla Pairish, Rapla Coonty, northwastren Estonie

In **fictional chairacters**:
* Oola Blint a chairacter in the comic Judge Dredd
* Oola, a chairacter in ''Star Wars''

## See an aw
* Ola
Juuru

**Juuru** () is a smaw burgh () in Rapla Coonty, Estonie. It is the admeenistrative centre o Juuru Pairish.

 
File:Juuru kirikaia kabel 1.jpg |Chapel in Juuru kirkyard
File:Juuru kirikuaia piirdemüür värava ja päikesekellaga2.jpg |A gate wi sundial on in the kirkyard waw.
File:Juuru mõisa peahoone.jpg |Main biggin o Juuru Manor
File:Juuru pastoraadi peahoone.jpg |Juuru rectory


## References

## Freemit airtins
*Juuru Parish
Kalda

**Kalda** mey refer tae:

;Places in Estonie
*Kalda, Pärnu Coonty, veelage in Surju Pairish, Pärnu Coonty
*Kalda, Rapla Coonty, veelage in Juuru Pairish, Rapla Coonty
Maidla, Juuru Pairish

**Maidla** is a veelage in Juuru Pairish, Rapla Coonty in northwastren Estonie.

## Maidla manor
Maidla () manor haes a history that goes back tae at least 1452. Durin the Middle Ages, thare wis a fortifee'd manor or a smaw castle on the steid, pairts o which haes been incorporatit intae the eastren touer o the current, later biggin. The current biggin dates frae the seicont hauf o the 18t century, while it receivit its current leuk durin a reconstruction in the early pairt o the 19t century. The interior is characterisit bi its 19t-century decoration sic as a well-preservit neo-renaissance coffered ceilin.

The estate haes belangit tae several local Baltic German airistocratic faimilies throuoot its history, notably the Taube, von Fersen an von Maydell faimilies. Efter the laund reform o 1919, the manor wis gien bi the Estonie state tae the commander o the Dens volunteers in the Estonie War o Unthrildom, Richard Gustav Borgelin, as a rewaird for his services tae the kintra. Syne the 1950's, it haes been an orphanage.

Apairt frae the main manor hoose, the umwhile estate incorporates several still survivin ootbiggins, sic as stables an servants' quairters. An airtificial loch forms a backdrop tae the biggin at the rear.

## See an aw
* Leet o pailaces an manor hooses in Estonie

## References

## Freemit airtins
*
Lõiuse

**Lõiuse** is a veelage in Juuru Pairish, Rapla Coonty in northwastren Estonie. It haes a aurie o 13.48 km² an a population o 108 (as o 1 Februar 2010).

Lõiuse wis first mentioned in 1241 as *Leus* veelage in the Dens Census Beuk.

In 2010 Sadala veelage wis detached frae the launds o Lõiuse an Järlepa veelages.

## References
Järlepa

**Järlepa** is a veelage in Juuru Pairish, Rapla Coonty, Estonie. It haes a aurie o 10.02&nbsp;km² an a population o 206 (as o 1 Februar 2010).

In 2010 Sadala veelage wis detached frae the launds o Järlepa an Lõiuse veelages.

## Järlepa manor
Järlepa () wis foondit efter 1688. The present biggin wis erectit in 1804 in a classicist style. It wis devastatit durin the uprisin in 1905 but later restored. Durin the Soviet occupation o Estonie, the manor hoose wis uised as the office o a collective ferm. The maist famous resident o the manor wis dramatist August von Kotzebue who acquired the estate in 1804. Durin his time, a smawl theatre wis put up at the estate an Kotzebue's plays wur aften performit.

## See an aw
* Leet o pailaces an manor hooses in Estonie

## References
Roger Conant

**Roger Conant** (c.1592-1679) wis a Salem, Massachusetts founder. He dee'd before the Salem Witch Trials.
Maidla

**Maidla** mey refer tae several places in Estonie:

*Maidla Pairish, municipality in Ida-Viru Coonty
*Maidla, Ida-Viru Coonty, veelage in Maidla Pairish, Ida-Viru Coonty
*Maidla, Harju Coonty, veelage in Saue Pairish, Harju Coonty
*Maidla, Juuru Pairish, veelage in Juuru Pairish, Rapla Coonty
*Maidla, Märjamaa Pairish, veelage in Märjamaa Pairish, Rapla Coonty

## See an aw
*Madila