open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Aosta

**Aosta**  (French: **Aoste**, ) is the principal ceety o the bilingual Valle d'Aosta in the Italian Alps,  north-northwast o Turin. It is situatit near the Italian entrance o the Mont Blanc Tunnel, at the confluence o the Buthier an the Dora Baltea, an at the junction o the Great and Little St. Bernard routes. Aosta is no the caipital o the province, as these functions are shared bi the region an the communes.

## History

Aosta wis settled in proto-historic times an later became a centre o the Salassi, mony o whom wur killed or sauld intae slavery bi the Romans in 25 BC. The campaign wis led bi Marcus Terentius Varro, who then foondit the Roman colony o *Augusta Praetoria Salassorum*, hoosin 3,000 retired veterans. Efter 11 BC Aosta became the caipital o the *Alpes Graies* ("Grey Alps") province o the Empire. Its position at the confluence o twa rivers, at the end o the Great an the Little St Bernard Pass, gave it considerable military importance, an its layoot wis that o a Roman military camp.

Efter the faw o the Wastren Empire, the ceety wis conquered, in turn, bi the Burgundians, the Ostrogoths, the Byzantines. The Lombards, who haed annexed it tae their Italian kinrick, wur expelled bi the Frankish Empire unner Pepin the Short. Unner his son, Charlemagne, Aosta acquired importance as a post on the Via Francigena, leadin frae Aachen tae Italy. Efter 888 AD it wis pairt o the renewed Kinrick o Italy unner Arduin o Ivrea an Berengar o Friuli.

In the 10t century Aosta became pairt o the Kinrick o Burgundy. Efter the faw o the latter in 1032, it became pairt o the lands o Coont Humbert I o the Hoose o Savoy. Efter the creation o the coonty o Savoy, wi its caipital in Chambéry, Aosta led the unification o Italy.

Unner the Hoose o Savoy, Aosta wis grantit a special status that it maintained when the new Italian Republic wis proclaimit in 1948.

## Transport
Aosta railway station, opened in 1886, forms pairt o the Chivasso–Aosta railwey, an is an aw a junction station for a branch line tae nearbi Pré-Saint-Didier, in the Valdigne, on the wey towards Courmayeur.

Aosta Airport is a short distance tae the east o the ceety.

## Internaitional relations

Aosta is twinned wi:
* Albertville, Fraunce
* Narbonne, Fraunce
* Chamonix-Mont-Blanc, Fraunce
* San Giorgio Morgeto, Italy
* Sinaia, Romanie
* Martigny, Swisserland

## References

* 

## Further readin
* Carlo Promis, *Le antichità di Aosta*, (Turin, 1862);
* Édouard Bérard, *Atti  della  Società di Archeologia di Torino*, iii. 119 seq.; *Notizie degli Scavi*, passim;
* Alfredo d'Andrade, *Relazione dell' Ufficio Regionale per la conservazione dei Monumenti del Piemonte e della Liguria* (Turin, 1899), 46 seq.

## Freemit airtins

*Virtual Museum Vallée (VMV), virtual museum o Aosta ceety 
* Augusta Praetoria  Site plan & photos from the Aosta Valley Regional Authority.
*Ancient Places TV: HD Video of Aosta, Italy
Sakarya Province

**Sakarya Province** () is a province in Turkey, locatit on the coast o Black Sea. The river Sakarya creates a wabbin o estuaries in the province.

Sakarya is locatit in the Marmara Region. Its adjacent provinces are Kocaeli tae the wast, Bilecik tae the sooth, Bolu tae the sootheast, an Düzce tae the east. The caipital o Sakarya is Adapazarı. The climate is oceanic due tae its close proximity tae the Black Sea.

Sakarya is situatit on the Ankara-Istanbul Heich-gate. It is connectit throu baith road an rail. Sakarya is servicit bi Istanbul's Sabiha Gökçen Internaitional Airport airport. The current mayor o Sakarya is Zeki Tocoglu  (AKP).

## History
Sakarya dates back tae 378 BC. Auncient settlers included Phrygiens, Bithyniens, Cimmerians, Lydians an Persies, but Sakarya got its identity frae the Romans an Byzantine rulers. Ane o the maist important remains o historical significance is the Justinianus Brig () biggit bi Byzantine Emperor Justinian in 533 CE.

## Destricts
* **[[Adapazarı]]**
* Akyazı
* Arifiye
* Ferizli
* Erenler
* Geyve
* Hendek
* Karapürçek
* Karasu
* Kaynarca
* Kocaali
* Pamukova
* Sapanca
* Serdivan
* Söğütlü
* Taraklı

## References

## Freemit airtins

*  Sakarya govrenor's offeecial wabsteid
*  Sakarya municipality's offeecial wabsteid 
*  Cark Caddesi 
*  Sakarya weather forecast information 
* Sakarya University hamepage
Çanakkale Province

**Çanakkale Province** () is a province o Turkey, locatit in the northwastren pairt o the kintra. It takes its name frae the toun o Çanakkale.

Like Istanbul, Çanakkale province has a European (Thrace) an an Asie (Anatolie) pairt. The European pairt is formit bi the Gallipoli (Gelibolu) peninsula, while the Asie pairt is lairgely coterminous wi the historic region o Troad in Anatolie. They are separatit bi the Dardanelles strait, connectin the Sea o Marmara an the Aegean Sea.

The airchaeological steid o Troy is foond in Çanakkale province.

## Destricts
Çanakkale province is dividit intae 12 destricts (caipital destrict in **bauld**):
*Ayvacık
*Bayramiç
*Biga
*Bozcaada
*Çan
***[[Çanakkale]]**
*Eceabat
*Ezine
*Gelibolu
*Gökçeada
*Lapseki
*Yenice

## Gallery

Image:Canakkale ferry.JPG|A ferry goin frae the toun o Çanakkale tae Gallipoli peninsulae
Image:Çanakkale10.jpg|A view o Çanakkale frae the Dardanelles
Image:Çanakkale3.jpg|Historical clock touer in Çanakkale toun center


## References

## Freemit airtins

*  Çanakkale govrenor's offeecial wabsteid 
*  Çanakkale municipality's offeecial wabsteid 
*  Çanakkale wather forecast information 
*  Picturs o the caipital o the province an it's sichts
Balıkesir Province

**Balıkesir Province** () is a province in midwastren Turkey, haein coastlines on baith the Sea o Marmara an the Aegean. Its adjacent provinces are Çanakkale tae the wast, İzmir tae the soothwast, Manisa tae the sooth, Kütahya tae the sootheast, an Bursa tae the east.

The provincial caipital is Balıkesir. Maist o the province lees in the Marmara Region cep the soothren pairts o Bigadiç Edremit, Kepsut, İvrindi, Savaştepe an Sındırgı destricts an anes o Ayvalık, Burhaniye, Dursunbey, Gömeç and Havran, that bund the Aegean Region.

Kaz Dağı (pronooncit ), kent as Mount Ida an aw, is in this province.

## Destricts

Balıkesir province is dividit intae 19 destricts (caipital destrict in **bauld**):

## References

## Freemit airtins

*  Balıkesir govrenor's offeecial wabsteid
*  Balıkesir municipality's offeecial wabsteid
Afyonkarahisar Province

**Afyonkarahisar Province** (), an aw cried mair simply **Afyon Province**, is a province in wastren Turkey.

Adjacent provinces are Kütahya tae the northwast, Uşak tae the wast, Denizli tae the soothwast, Burdur tae the sooth, Isparta tae the sootheast, Konya tae the east, an Eskişehir tae the north. The provincial caipital is Afyonkarahisar. It covers an aurie o 14.230&nbsp;km², an the population is aboot 697,559 (2010 est).

## Destricts
Afyonkarahisar province is dividit intae 18 destricts (caipital destrict in **bauld**):
***[[Afyonkarahisar]]**
*Başmakçı
*Bayat
*Bolvadin
*Çay
*Çobanlar
*Dazkırı
*Dinar
*Emirdağ
*Evciler
*Hocalar
*İhsaniye
*İscehisar
*Kızılören
*Sandıklı
*Sinanpaşa
*Sultandağı
*Şuhut

## Gallery

Image:AfyonBurgberg.jpg|Afyonkarahisar castle hill
Image:AyazinGräber.jpg|Rock tombs in the veelage o Ayazin
Image:Afyon-Kocatepe'den Görünüm.jpg|Kintraside frae Kocatepe hill


## References


## Freemit airtins

* Afyonkarahisar governor's official website 
* Afyonkarahisar municipality's official website  
* Pictures of the capital of Afyonkarahisar province. With old Fortress of Opium, nice old centre.
Uşak Province

**Uşak** () is a province in wastren Turkey. Its adjacent provinces are Manisa tae the wast, Denizli tae the sooth, Afyon tae the east, an Kütahya tae the north. The provincial caipital is Uşak, an its traffic code is 64. The province covers an aurie o 5,341&nbsp;km² an haes a population o 338,019 (2010 est).

## Destricts
Uşak province is dividit intae 6 destricts (caipital destrict in **bauld**):
* Banaz
* Eşme
* Karahallı
* Sivaslı
* Ulubey
* **[[Uşak]]**

## Gallery

Image:HalukOzozluWwwSihirliturComDulgerogluHouseUsak.jpg|1898-biggit Dülgeroğlu Hoose in Uşak
Image:Clandras Köprüsü.jpg|Clandıras brig near Karahallı


## References

## Freemit airtins

*  Uşak govrenor's offeecial wabsteid
*  Uşak municipality's offeecial wabsteid
Malatya Province

**Malatya Province** () is a province o Turkey. It is pairt o a lairger muntainous aurie. The caipital o the province is Malatya (in Hittite: *Milid* or *Maldi*, meanin "ceety o honey"), which haes mony residents. Malatya is famous for its apricots. The aurie o Malatya province is  12,313&nbsp;km². Malatya Province haes 740,643 indwallers. The population wis 853,658 in 2000. The ceety o Malatya haes a population o 381,081 (2000).

## Geography
Malatya is traversed bi the northeasterly line o equal latitude an langitude.

## Destricts
Malatya province is dividit intae 14 destricts (caipital destrict in **bauld**):
*Akçadağ
*Arapgir
*Arguvan
*Battalgazi
*Darende
*Doğanşehir
*Doğanyol
*Hekimhan
*Kale
*Kuluncak
***[[Malatya]]**
*Pütürge
*Yazıhan
*Yeşilyurt

## Local steids
*İnönü University (syne 1975)
*Turgut Özal Medical Center (in İnönü University)
*Malatya Erhaç Airport (servin baith public an military)
*Eskimalatya (auld ceety centre, vera historical place)

## References

## Freemit airtins

*  Malatya govrenor's offeecial wabsteid
*  Malatya
*  Malatya municipality's offeecial wabsteid 
*  Malatya weather forecast information 
*  Malatya directory
Tatarstan

The **Republic o Tatarstan** (; ) is a federal subject o Roushie (a republic) locatit in the Volga Federal Destrict. Its caipital is the ceety o Kazan, whilk is ane o Roushie's lairgest an maist prosperous ceeties. The republic haes mairches wi Kirov, Ulyanovsk, Samara, an Orenburg Oblasts, an wi the Republics o Mari El, Udmurtie, an Chuvashie, as weel as wi the Republic o Bashkortostan. The unoffeecial Tatarstan motto is: *Bez Buldırabız!* (*We can!*). Population: 4 000 084 (2022 Census).

## Terminology
"Tatarstan" derives frae the name o the Tatar ethnic group an the Proto-Sanskrit suffix *[[-stan]]* (an endin common tae mony Central Asie kintras). Anither version o the Roushie name is "" (*Tatariya*), whilk wis offeecial alang wi "Tatar ASSR" unner the Soviet rule.

Indwellers o Tatarstan regardless o ethnicity are uisually cried *Tatarstaners* (, ).

## References

## Freemit airtins

*Offeecial wabsteid o the Republic o Tatarstan 
*Information agency о Tatarstan
Chuvashie

The **Chuvash Republic** (; ), commonly kent as **Chuvashie** (), is a federal subject o Roushie (a republic). It is the hameland o the Chuvash fowk. Its caipital is the ceety o Cheboksary. Population: 1,251,619 (2010 Census).

## Geography
The Chuvash Republic is locatit in the centre o the European pairt o Roushie, in the hert o the Volga-Vyatka region, midway atween Nizhny Novgorod an Kazan. The republic is no lairge, but is ane o the maist densely populatit regions in the Roushie Federation, wi a tot population o 1.35&nbsp;million.

It is bordered bi the Mari El in the north, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast in the wast, the Republic o Mordovie in the soothwast, Ulyanovsk Oblast in the sooth, an the Republic o Tatarstan in the east an sootheast. Some o the Volga River valley reservoirs are in the north o the republic, an the Sura River flows towards the Volga alang hintle o the republic's wastren boundary. The republic's central location gies companies locatit here access tae some o the maist industrially developit regions o the kintra.

The lairgest ceety is Cheboksary, thegither wi its neighbour Novocheboksarsk. Houiver the majority o the republic is rural. Forests, maistly in the sooth alang the Sura River, kiver approximately 30% o the land.

### Natural resources
The republic's naitural resoorces include gypsum, saund, tripoli, cley, sapropel deposits, phosphorite, an peat.

### Climate
The republic haes a moderate continental climate. Average temperatures range frae  in Januar tae  in Julie. Annual precipitation can reach  The varied climate affers baith simmer an winter recreational opportunities.

## Admeenistrative diveesions

## References

## Freemit airtins

* Offeecial wabsteid o the Chuvash Republic
* 
* Aboot flag an coat o airms o the Chuvash Republic 
* Chuvashia news 
* Naitional anthem o the Chuvash Republic  (mp3)
Leningrad Oblast

**Leningrad Oblast** (, *Leningradskaya oblast*) is a federal subject o Roushie (an oblast). It wis established on 1 August 1927, awtho it wisna till 1946 that the oblast's borders haed been maistly settled in thair present poseetion. The oblast wis namit efter the ceety o Leningrad (nou Saunt Petersburg).

The oblast haes mairches wi Finland northwastlins, Estonie wastlins, as weel as five federal subjects o Roushie: the Republic o Karelie northeastlins, Vologda Oblast eastlins, Novgorod Oblast soothlins, Pskov Oblast soothwastlins, an the federal ceety o Saunt Petersburg wastlins.

The first govrenor o Leningrad Oblast wis Vadim Gustov (in 1996–1998). Syne 1999 he haes been succeedit bi Valery Serdyukov.

The oblast haes an aurie o  an a population o 1,716,868 (2010 Census); up frae 1,669,205 recordit in the 2002 Census. The maist populous toun o the oblast is Gatchina, wi 88,659&nbsp;indwallers (as o the 2002 Census). Leningrad Oblast is heichlie industrializit.

## Twin regions
* **[[Aarhus Municipality]]**, Denmark
* **[[Chungcheongnam-do]]**, Republic o Korea
* **[[Kyoto Prefectur]]**, Japan
* **[[Lombardy]]**, Italy
* **[[Lawer Silesie Voivodeship]]**, Poland
* **[[Nordland]]**, Norawa (frae 1987)

## References
### Notes

## Freemit airtins

*Offeecial wabsteid o Leningrad Oblast 
* Offeecial wabsteid o Leningrad Oblast
*Map of Leningrad Oblast
* Weather records for Leningrad Oblast 
* Detailed an historical maps 
*Leningrad oblast natur views
Federal subjects o Roushie

Roushie is a federation which, syne 1 Mairch 2008, consists o 83&nbsp;**federal subjects** (, *subyekt federatsii*). They are kent as the constituent entities o the Roushie Federation. In 1993, when the Constitution o Roushie wis adoptit, there wur 89&nbsp;federal subjects leetit. Bi 2008, the number o federal subjects haed been decreased tae&nbsp;83 acause o several mergers.

The federal subjects are o equal federal richts in the sense that they hae equal representation— ilka ane haes twa delegates —in the Federation Cooncil (upper hoose o the Federal Assembly). They do, housomeivver, differ in the degree o autonomy they enjoy.

## Types

Ilka federal subject belangs tae ane o the follaein types:

## List

**a.**  The lairgest ceety is leetit whan it is different frae the caipital/admeenistrative centre an aw.

**b.**  Accordin tae Airticle&nbsp;13 o the Chairter o Leningrad Oblast, the govrenin bodies o the oblast are locatit in the ceety o St.&nbsp;Petersburg. Houiver, St.&nbsp;Petersburg is nae offeecially named tae be the admeenistrative centre o the oblast.

**c.**  According to Article&nbsp;24 o the Chairter o Moscow Oblast, the govrenin bodies o the oblast are locatit in the ceety o Moscow an ootthrou the territory o Moscow Oblast. Houiver, Moscow is nae offeecially named tae be the admeenistrative centre o the oblast.

**d.**  Nae recognised internaitionally as a pairt o Roushie.

**e.**  In Februar 2000, the umwhile code o 20 for the Chechen Republic wis cancelled an replaced wi code 95. License plate production wis suspendit due tae the Chechen Wars, causin numerous issues, that in turn forced the region tae uise a new code.

## See an aw
*Subdiveesions o Roushie
*Federal destricts o Roushie
*Economic regions o Roushie
*History o the admeenistrative diveesion o Roushie
*Flags o the federal subjects o Roushie
*Leet o heids o federal subjects o Roushie
*Leet o Roushie federal subjects bi GRP

## References

## Sources
*
Wuppertal

**Wuppertal** () is a ceety in North Rhine-Westphalie, Germany. It is locatit in an aroond the Wupper river valley, an is situatit east o the ceety o Düsseldorf an sooth o the Ruhr aurie. Wi a population o approximately 350,000, it is the lairgest ceety in the Bergisches Land. Wuppertal is kent for its steep slopes, its firths an pairks, an its suspension railway, the Wuppertal Schwebebahn. Twa-thirds o the tot municipal aurie o Wuppertal is green space. Frae ony pairt o the ceety it is anerlie a ten-minute walk in ane o the public pairks or woodland paths.

In the 18t an 19t centuries, Wuppertal wis ane o the biggest industrial regions o continental Europe. Wuppertal the day is still a major industrial centre, bein hame tae industries such as textiles, metallurgy, chemicals, pharmaceuticals (Aspirin wis inventit in Wuppertal in 1897 bi Bayer ), electronics, automobiles, rubber, vehicles an printin equipment.

The Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment an Energy is locatit in the ceety.

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns — sister ceeties
Wuppertal is twinned wi:

## Photogallery

file:Wuppertal ansicht.jpg|View on Wuppertal
file:Wuppertal-100508-12833-Uferstraße.jpg|Section o the *floatin tram* ower the Wupper
file:Wuppertal Friedrichstraße 0003.jpg|teepical steep street in Wuppertal.
file:Cragg Skulpturenpark 05.JPG|Sculpturepark Waldfrieden - Tony Cragg *Points of View* (2008)
File:Burgholz45.jpg|View on Burgholz firths wi teepical Bergisches fermerhoose
file:oelberg wuppertal.jpg|Panoramic view ower Ölberg quairter in Wuppertal


## Notes and references

## Freemit airtins

* Wuppertal offeecial wabsteid
*
* o the University o Wuppertal
Rhine-Ruhr

The **Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region** () is the lairgest metropolitan region in Germany wi aboot 10,100,000 inhabitants. It is o polycentric natur an the anely megaceety in Germany. It covers an aurie o 7,110 square kilometers an lees entirely athin the federal state o North Rhine-Westphalie. The Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region spreads frae Dortmund-Bochum-Essen-Duisburg (Ruhr) in the north, tae the urban auries o the ceeties o Mönchengladbach, Düsseldorf (the state caipital), Wuppertal, Cologne (the region's lairgest an Germany's fowerth lairgest ceety), an Bonn in the sooth. The location o the Rhine-Ruhr at the hert o the European "*[[blue banana]]*" maks it weel connectit tae ither major European ceeties an metropolitan auries lik Amsterdam an the Randstad, the Flemish Diamond an Frankfurt/Rhine-Main Region.

The metropolitan aurie is namit efter the Rhine an Ruhr rivers, whilk are the regions's definin geographical featurs an historically its economic backbone.

## Municipalities

The follaein register leets aw municipalities that offeecially belang tae Rhine-Ruhr aurie. Demographically, thir municipalities include 20 ceeties (German: ″Kreisfreie Städte″), each wi mair nor 100,000 inhabitants, an 11 destricts (German: "Kreis"), each wi a population o mair nor 250,000 inhabitants. Some destricts anerlie belang pairtly tae Rhine-Ruhr aurie. In sic a case anerlie the municipalities that belang tae the metro aurie are leetit.

## References
Bergisches Land

The **Bergisches Land** (*Kintra o Berg* or *Land o Berg*) is a law muntain range region athin the state o Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany, east o Rhine river, sooth o the Ruhr. The landscape is shapit bi firths, meadaes, rivers an creeks an contains ower 20 airtificial lakes.   Wuppertal is the biggest ceety an seen as the region's caipital, whereas the soothren pairt nouaday haes closer economic an socio-cultural ties tae Cologne.

## History
Bergisches Land uised tae be territory o the Coonty o Berg, which later became the Duchy o Berg, who gave the region its name. The Duchy wis dissolvit in 1815 an in 1822 the region became pairt o the Proushie Rhine Province.

Amangst the population the day, a sense o belangin tae the region Bergisches Land is notable in the hilly northren pairt, but no hintle onymair in the auries near the Cologne Bicht, the Ruhr aurie or the ceety o Düsseldorf.

### Economic upswing
The region became famous durin the period o its early industralisation in the 19t century. At that time Wupper Valley wis a historical *Silicon Valley* an its twin ceeties *Barmen* an *Elberfeld* the tradin- an industrial caipitals o Proushie. This economic upswing caused the expansion o the Ruhrgebiet an the foondation o socialism: Friedrich Engels wis born in Barmen tae a textile mill awner.

Efter the industrial dounturn frae the 1960s on, the region lost importance but cooperations bi Bergisches Land entrepreneurs an politeecians are recently bringin back some regional awareness an economic pouer.

## Ceeties an destricts

## See an aw
 
 
* Bergische Museumsbahnen
* Bergisch-Märkische Railway Company 
* Rhineland

## References


## Freemit airtins
*  www.bergisches-land.de bi Bergisches Land Tourismus Marketing e.V
Northwastren Federal Destrict

**Northwastren Federal Destrict** (, *Severo-Zapadny federalny okrug*) is ane o the aicht federal destricts o Roushie. It consists o the northren pairt o European Roushie. Its population wis 13,583,800 (83.5% urban) accordin tae the 2010 Census, livin on an aurie o . The current Envoy tae the Northwastren Federal Destrict is Nikolay Vinnichenko.

## Demographics
### Federal subjects

## Presidential plenipotentiary envoys
#Viktor Cherkesov (Mey 18, 2000 – Mairch 11, 2003)
#Valentina Matviyenko (Mairch 11, 2003 – October 15, 2003)
#Ilya Klebanov (November 1, 2003 – Present)

## References

## Freemit airtins
* Plenipotentiary o the Preses o the Roushie Federation in the Northwastren Federal Destrict
North Caucasian Federal Destrict

**North Caucasian Federal Destrict** (, *Severo-Kavkazsky federalny okrug*) is ane o the aicht federal destricts o Roushie. It is locatit in the extreme soothwast o Roushie, in the geographical aurie o the North Caucasus. The federal destrict wis split frae Soothren Federal Destrict on Januar 19, 2010.

The population o the federal subjects comprisin the federal destrict wis 9,496,800 accordin tae the 2010 Census, livin on an aurie o .

The current Envoy is Alexander Khloponin.

## Demographics
Ethnic Roushies constitute close tae ane-third o the tot population at 2,988,070 (33.45%) accordin tae the 2002 Census.

### Federal subjects

## Presidential plenipotentiary envoys
# Alexander Khloponin (Januar 19, 2010–present)

## Links
* SKFO.RU – regional information portal 
* North Caucasian news portal 

## References
Novgorod Oblast

**Novgorod Oblast** (, *Novgorodskaya oblast*) is a federal subject o Roushie (an oblast). Its admeenistrative center is the ceety o Veliky Novgorod. Some o the auldest Roushie ceeties, includin Veliky Novgorod an Staraya Russa, are locatit thare. The historic monuments o Veliky Novgorod are surroondins hae been declared a UNESCO Warld Heritage Steid. Population: 634,111 (2010 Census).

## References

## Freemit airtins

* Information for tourists
* Offeecial wabsteid o Novgorod Oblast 
* Offeecial website o the Novgorod Oblast branch o the State Statistics Service
Vologda Oblast

**Vologda Oblast** () is a federal subject o Roushie (an oblast). Its admeenistrative center is Vologda. Population: 1,202,444 (2010 Census). The mucklest ceety is Cherepovets, the hame o the Severstal metallurgical plant, the mucklest industrial enterprise o the oblast.

Vologda Oblast is rich in historic monuments, such as the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery, Ferapontov Monastery (a Warld Heritage Steid) wi the frescoes o Dionisius, medieval touns o Velikiy Ustyug an Belozersk, an baroque kirks o Totma an Ustyuzhna.

Lairge reserves o firth an fresh watter are the main naitural resoorces.

## References

## Freemit airtins

*   Cultur o the Vologda Region 
*  Airchitectur o Vologda Oblast
Komi Republic

The **Komi Republic** (; ) is a federal subject o Roushie (a republic). Its caipital is the ceety o Syktyvkar. Population: 901,189 (2010 Census).

## References

## Freemit airtins

*  Offeecial steid o the Komi Republic
Nenets Autonomous Okrug

**Nenets Autonomous Okrug** (; Nenets: Ненёцие автономной ӈокрук, *Nenyotse avtonomnoy ɲokruk*) is a federal subject o Roushie (an autonomous okrug o Arkhangelsk Oblast).

It haes an aurie o  an a population o&nbsp;42,090 as o the 2010 Census (the smawest o aw federal subjects bi population).

## References
### Notes

### Sources
*T. Tuuisku, ''Transition Period in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug: Changing and Unchanging Life of Nenets People''. First published in: *ed.* E. Kasten, *People and the Land: Pathways to Reform in Post-Soviet Siberia*, 2002, p.&nbsp;189-205. Berlin: Deitrich Reimer Verlag
*The Norwegian Barents Secretariat - Barents Monitoring, Nenets Autonomous Okrug, First Quarter, 2009
Bridgend

**Bridgend** () is a toun in the Bridgend Coonty Borough in Wales,  wast o the caipital, Cardiff. The river crossed bi the oreeginal brig, which gave the toun its name, is the River Ogmore but the River Ewenny  passes tae the sooth o the toun an aw. Historically a pairt o Glamorgan, Bridgend haes greatly expandit in size syne the early 1980s an haed a population o 39,429 in 2001.

## Destricts o Bridgend

*Brackla
*Broadlands
*Bryntirion
*Cefn Glas
*Coychurch
*Laleston
*Litchard
*Llangewydd Court
*Morfa/Bridgend Town Centre
*Newcastle
*Oldcastle
*Pen-y-Fai
*Pendre
*Waterton
*Wildmill

## References

## Freemit airtins

* Bridgend Coonty Borough Cooncil
Bridgend Coonty Burgh

**Bridgend** () is a coonty burgh in the historic coonty o Glamorgan, sooth Wales.  The coonty borough haes a total population o 130,000 fowk, an contains the settlements o Bridgend, after which it is named, Maesteg, an the seaside toun o Porthcawl.  Its member o the Naitional Assembly for Wales is Carwyn Jones, the First Meenister o Wales, an its Member o Parliament is Madeleine Moon.

The coonty burgh lees at the geographical hert o sooth Wales. Its land aurie o 285 square kilometres stretches 20&nbsp;km frae east tae wast an occupees the Llynfi, Garw an Ogmore valleys. The lairgest toun is Bridgend (pop: 39,773), follaeed bi Maesteg (pop: 20,700) an seaside resort o Porthcawl (pop: 19,238).

It is based aroond the Ogmore River an its tributaries, although the Ewenny an Ogwr Fach rivers are considered the border wi the Vale o Glamorgan for hintle o their length.

It wis formit on 1 Aprile 1996 unner the Local Govrenment (Wales) Act 1994.  It includes aw o the umwhile Ogwr borough apairt frae the communities o Wick, St Bride's Major an Ewenny, whilk went tae Vale o Glamorgan.

## Govrenment
The region is govrened bi Bridgend County Borough Council.  It is currently in the control o the Labour pairty.

## Schuils
There are 9 seicontary schuils in Bridgend Coonty Burgh:

*  Porthcawl Comprehensive School, Porthcawl
*  Archbishop McGrath Catholic School, Brackla, Bridgend
*  Bryntirion Comprehensive School, Cefn Glas, Bridgend
*  Brynteg Comprehensive School, Bridgend
*  Pencoed Comprehensive School, Pencoed
*  Maesteg Comprehensive School, Maesteg
* Coleg Cymunedol Y Dderwen, Tondu
*  Cynffig Comprehensive School, Kenfig Hill
*  Ysgol Gyfun Gymraeg Llangynwyd, Llangynwyd

## Notable fowk
:*See [[:Category:Fowk frae Bridgend]] an [[:Category:Fowk frae Bridgend coonty burgh]]*

## See an aw
*List o places in Bridgend Coonty Burgh

## References

## Freemit airtins
*
*Bridgend County Borough Council
Pembrokeshire

**Pembrokeshire** (, , or ;  ) is a coonty in the sooth wast o Wales. It borders Carmarthenshire tae the east an Ceredigion tae the north east. The coonty toun is Haverfordwest where Pembrokeshire Coonty Cooncil is heidquartered.

The coonty is hame tae Pembrokeshire Coast Naitional Pairk, the anerlie coastal naitional pairk o its kynd in the Unitit Kinrick an ane o three naitional pairks in Wales, the ithers being Snowdonia an Brecon Beacons national pairks.  Ower the years Pembrokeshire's beaches hae been awairdit 41 Blue Flag Awards (13 in 2011), 47 Green Coast Awards (15 in 2011) an 106 Seaside Awards (31 in 2011.  In 2011 it haed 39 beaches recommendit bi the Marine Conservation Society an aw.

Hintle o Pembrokeshire, especially the sooth, haes been Inglis in leid an cultur for mony centuries. The bundary atween the Inglis an Welsh speakers is kent as the *[[Landsker Line]]*. Sooth Pembrokeshire is kent as Little Ingland Ayond Wales.

## References

## Freemit airtins
*
*Pembrokeshire coonty cooncil
*Visit Pembrokeshire (offeecial cooncil tourism wabsteid)
*Pembrokeshire Coast Naitional Pairk
Ceredigion

**Ceredigion** () is a coonty an umwhile kinrick in mid-wast Wales. As **Cardiganshire** (), it wis creatit in 1282, an wis reconstitutit as a coonty unner that name in 1996, revertin tae Ceredigion a day later. In extent the current coonty is mair or less identical tae the historic coonty.

## References


## Freemit airtins

*
*Ceredigion Coonty Cooncil
*Ceredigion Tourist Information 
*Tourist Information frae the Welsh Assembly Govrenment
Bullet for My Valentine

**Bullet for My Valentine** are a Welsh hivy metal baund frae Bridgend, formit in 1998. The baund is componed o Matt Tuck (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Michael Paget (lead guitar, backin vocals), Jason James (bass guitar, backin vocals), an Michael Thomas (drums). Thay wur formit unner the name Jeff Killed John an stairtit thair muisic career bi covering sangs bi Metallica an Nirvana. Jeff Killed John recordit sax sangs which wur no released; twa o thir tracks wur rewirkit later in thair career as Bullet for My Valentine. Financial difficulties dictatit the name chynge, which wis follaeed bi a chynge in muisic direction. In 2002, the baund secured a five-album deal wi Sony BMG. The baund haes statit that thair muisic is influencit bi classic hivy metal acts sic as Metallica, Iron Maiden, an Slayer. The baind is pairt o the Cairdiff muisic scene.

Bullet for My Valentine's debut album, *[[The Poison]]*, wis released on 3 October 2005 in the Unitit Kinrick an on 14 Februar 2006 in the Unitit States tae coincide wi Valentine's Day hence thair baund name. The album entered the *[[Billboard 200]]* in the US at nummer 128. It wis certifeed Gowd bi the Recording Industry Association of America. The baund made appearances at the Download Festival an *[[Kerrang!]]* XXV, an unnertook a US tour wi Rob Zombie. Bullet for My Valentine's seicont studio album, *[[Scream Aim Fire]]*, wis released on 29 Januar 2008 an debuted at nummer fower on the *Billboard 200*. The baund's third album, *[[Fever (Bullet for My Valentine album)|Fever]]*, wis released on 26 Aprile 2010 an debuted at nummer three on the *Billboard 200*. The baund haes sauld ower ane million albums in the Unitit States an nearly 2,500,000 albums warldwide an are the maist-successfu act in the *[[Kerrang! Awards]]* category o "Best British Band" wi three wins.

## Baund members
;Current members
* Michael Paget – lead guitar, backin vocals (1998–present)
* Michael Thomas – drums (1998–present)
* Matthew Tuck – lead vocals, rhythm guitar (1998–present)
* Jason James – bass guitar, backin vocals (2003–present)

;Umwhile members
* Nick Crandle – bass guitar (1998–2003)

## Discography

;Studio albums
* *[[The Poison]]* (2005)
* *[[Scream Aim Fire]]* (2008)
* *[[Fever (Bullet for My Valentine album)|Fever]]* (2010)
* *[[Temper Temper]]* (2013)
* *[[Venom (Bullet for My Valentine album)|Venom]]* (2015)
* *[[Gravity (Bullet for My Valentine album)|Gravity]]* (2018)
* *[[Bullet for My Valentine (album)|Bullet for My Valentine]]* (2021)

## References

## Freemit airtins

* Offeecial wabsteid
Angra

**Angra** mey refer tae:
* Angra do Heroísmo, a municipality in the Azores
* Angra (baund), a Brazilian progressive/pouer metal baund
* Angra dos Reis, a toun in Brazil
* Angra Nuclear Pouer Plant in Brazil
Rhondda Cynon Taf

**Rhondda Cynon Taf** (), or *RCT*, is a coonty burgh in the Sooth Wales Valleys o Wales. It consists o 3 valleys: the Rhondda Valley, Cynon Valley an Taff-Ely Valley. Results frae the 2001 census showed 21.1% o its 233,700 residents wur able tae speak, read, write or unnerstaund the Welsh leid. 

The coonty burgh borders Merthyr Tydfil an Caerphilly tae the east, Cairdiff an the Vale o Glamorgan tae the sooth, Bridgend an Neath Port Talbot tae the wast an Powys tae the north.  Its principal touns are - Aberdare, Llantrisant wi Talbot Green an Pontypridd, wi ither key settlements/touns being - Ferndale, Hirwaun, Llanharan, Mountain Ash, Porth, Tonypandy, Tonyrefail an Treorchy.  Rhondda Cynon Taf is the seicont-maist populous local authority aurie in Wales.

The maist populous toun in Rhondda Cynon Taf is Aberdare (Welsh: Aberdâr) wi a population o 31,705 (2001 Census), follaeed bi Pontypridd with 29,781.

## See an aw
*Leet o places in Rhondda Cynon Taf for a leet o touns an veelages.

## References

## External links
* Rhondda Cynon Taf Unitary Authority homepage 
* Rhondda Cynon Taf Online news portal 
*
Vale o Glamorgan

The **Vale o Glamorgan** ( ) is a coonty borough in Wales; an exceptionally rich agricultural aurie, it lees in the soothren pairt o Glamorgan, Sooth Wales.  It haes a ruggit coastline, but its rollin kintraside is quite atypical o Wales as a whole.

The Vale an aw haes mony tourist attractions which attract mony visitors ivery year, includin Barry Island Pleasure Park, Vale of Glamorgan Railway, St Donat's Castle, Cosmeston Lakes Country Park an Cosmeston Medieval Village an mony mair.
It is an aw the location o Atlantic College, ane o the United World Colleges.

## See an aw
*Leet o places in Vale o Glamorgan for aw veelages an touns.

## Freemit airtins
*
Aldwych

**Aldwych** () is a place an road in the Ceety o Wastmeenster in Lunnon, Ingland.

## Description

Aldwych, the road, is a crescent, connectit tae the Strand at baith ends. At its centre, it meets the Kingsway. Biggins alang its lenth are:

* Waldorf Hilton hotel
* India House (Indian High Commission in London)
* Australia House (High Commission of Australia in London)
* Aldwych Theatre
* Novello Theatre
* Bush House, heidquarters o BBC World Service
* Centrium, umwhile Television House
* Connaught House, Columbia House, Aldwych House, an Clement House, biggins o the London School of Economics.
* The umwhile steid o the Gaiety Theatre, London, unner reconstruction

Nearbi, in the Strand, is the nou-disuised Aldwych tube station.

Its offeecial name is *"Aldwych"* but the road is whiles colloquially referred tae as *"The Aldwych"*, rather in the same manner that *"Strand"* is aften referred tae as *"The Strand"*.

## History
The name, "Aldwych", derives frae the Auld Inglis *eald* an *wic* meanin 'auld tradin toun' or 'auld mercatplace'; the name wis later appleed tae the street an destrict. It wis recordit as *Aldewich* in 1211. In the seivent century, an Anglo-Saxon veelage an tradin centre namit *Lundenwic* ("Lunnon tradin toun") wis established approximately ane mile tae the wast o *[[Londinium]]* (namit *Lundenburh* or "Lunnon Fort" bi the Saxons) in what is nou Aldwych.  *Lundenwic* probably uised the mooth o the River Fleet as a harbour or anchorage for tradin ships an fishin boats.

*Lundenwic* wis 'rediscovered' in the 1980s efter the results o extensive excavations wur reinterpretit as bein urban in character.  Thir conclusions wur reached independently bi the airchaeologists, Alan Vince an Martin Biddle. Recent excavations in the Covent Garden aurie hae uncovered an extensive Anglo-Saxon dounset, coverin aboot , stretchin frae the present-day National Gallery steid in the wast tae Aldwych in the east. As the presumit locus o the ceety, *Lundenburh*, wis muivit back athin the auld Roman waws, the aulder dounset o *Lundenwic* gained the name o *ealdwic*: "auld settlement", a name which evolvit intae *Aldwych*.

The modren street wis creatit in a redevelopment in the early twintiet century, that saw the demolition o the auld Wych Street an the construction o Australia House (biggit 1913-18) an Bush House (completit in 1925).

A statue o the nineteent-century prime meenister, William Ewart Gladstone, wis instawed in 1905 near St. Clement Danes kirk.

On 18 Februar 1996, a bomb detonatit prematurely on a Number 171 bus travellin alang Aldwych, killin Edward O'Brien, the IRA operative transportin the device; it an aw injured fower ithers.

## References

## See an aw

* The umwhile Aldwych tube station (closed 1994)
* Aldwych tramway station
* Aldwych Theatre
* Wych Street
Kirov Oblast

**Kirov Oblast** (, *Kirovskaya oblast*) is a federal subject o Roushie (an oblast). Its admeenistrative center is the ceety o Kirov. Population: 1,341,312 (2010 Census).

## Admeenistrative diveesions

Kirov Oblast wis formit on 7 December 1934. It is dividit admeenistratively intae 39 destricts, 6 ceeties unner oblast jurisdiction, 13 toun unner destrict jurisdiction, 58 urban-teep settlements, an 580 selsoviets.

## Demographics
**Population**: 

;2007
*Birth Rate: 10.6 per 1000 in 2007
*Daith Rate: 16.8 per 1000 in 2007

;2008
*Births (2008): 15,906 (11.3 per 1000)
*Daiths (2008): 24,081 (17.1 per 1000)

;2010
Ethnic Composition (2010):
*Roushies - 91.9%
*Tatars - 2.8%
*Mari fowk - 2.3%
*Udmurts - 1%
*Ukrainians - 0.6%
*Ithers - 1.4%
*35,385 fowk wur registered frae admeenistrative databases, an coud nae declare an ethnicity. It is estimatit that the proportion o ethnicities in this group is the same as that o the declared group.

## References

## Sources
*

## Freemit airtins
*
* Wiki o the Vyatka region
Carwyn Jones

**Carwyn Howell Jones** (born 21 Mairch 1967) is a Welsh politeecian an umwhile  First Meenister o Wales. The third offeecial tae lead the Welsh Govrenment, Jones haes been Assembly Member for Bridgend syne 1999. In the coalition govrenment o Welsh Labour an Plaid Cymru, he wis appointit Counsel General for Wales an Leader o the Hoose on 19 Julie 2007. Alang wi a number o ither Assembly Members, he is a fluent Welsh speaker, an is an aw a member o Amnesty International an the Fabian Society. He wis electit tae succeed Rhodri Morgan as the new Leader o Welsh Labour on 1 December 2009. On 9 December he wis nominatit as First Meenister an unanimously electit bi the Naitional Assembly. He wis sworn intae office the follaein day. Jones propaled his demission as Welsh Labour leader an First Meenister on 21 Aprile 2018, an wis succeedit in baith poseetions bi Mark Drakeford in December.

## References
Overdose

**Overdose** is a Brazilian hivy metal baund that emergit in the 80s in the ceety o Belo Horizonte.

## History
Overdose ane o the auldest baunds in the Brazilian hivy music scene. The baund wis foondit in 1983 wi the lineup bassist Fernando Pazzini, guitarist Cláudio David, sangster Pedro "Bozó" Amorim, drummer Helio Ricardo an guitarist Eduardo Souza. That same year they released their first demo demo *Ultima Estrela*. In 1985 they released Bestial Devastation / Século XX a split album wi Sepultura. It wis the first o album Cogumelo Records release an aw.

In 1987  they released their first album cried Conscience. The next album wis followed bi *You're Really Big!* in 1989. This album wis later re-mastered.

In 1990 the baund released the album *Addicted to Reality*, follaeed bi *Circus of Death* in 1992. It later appeared in a newly remastered version.

*Progress of Decadence* wis released in 1993 by the American label Futurist Records. The publication wis follaed bi a warld tour, wi a focus pairticularly in the Unitit States. Their maist recent album they released wis *Scars* in 1995.

## Members
* Pedro Alberto "Bozó" Amorim - vocals (1983-)
* Claudio David - guitar (1983-)
* Sérgio Cichovicz - guitar (1992-2002, 2008-)
* Fernando Pazzini - bass (1983-1992, 2008-)
* André Marcio - drums (1987-)

### Umwhile members
* Helio Eduardo - drums (1983-1987)
* Ricardo Souza - guitar (1983-1986)     
* Eddie Weber - bass (1993-2002)    
* Gustavo Monsanto - bass (2002)
* Jairo Guedz - (2002-2007)

## Discography
### Studio albums
* 1985 - *[[Bestial Devastation]]* / *Século XX* (Split LP wi Sepultura)
* 1987 - *Conscience...* (LP)
* 1989 - *You're Really Big* (CD)
* 1990 - *Addicted to Reality* (LP)
* 1992 - *Circus of Death* (CD)
* 1993 - *Progress of Decadence* (CD)
* 1995 - *Scars* (CD)

### Compilation albums
* 1990 - *[[The Lost Tapes of Cogumelo]]* (LP)
* 2000 - *[[Cogumelo Records Compilation]]* (CD)

## References

## Freemit airtins
*Offeecial wabsteid
*Encyclopaedia Metallum
Jairo Guedz

**Jairo Guedes Braga** (a.k.a. **Jairo Guedz**) wis the lead guitar player o Brazilian hivy metal baund Sepultura prior tae Andreas Kisser. His recordit ootput wi the baund includes the *[[Bestial Devastation]]* (1985) EP an their first full-length, *[[Morbid Visions]]* (1986). When playin wi Sepultura he uised the alias "Tormentor", an on occasion, "Jairo T." Jairo an aw played guitar wi The Mist, Overdose an Eminence, aw metal baunds frae Brazil.

He left Sepultura in early 1987, claimin he wis "leukin for something different", muisically speakin. He wis replacit a week later by Andreas Kisser. He is the faither o Igor an Érico Braga an aw, 17 an 12 year auld respectively. Nouadays he lives in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. He remains guid friends wi the baund tae this day an aften joins them at soccer matches. He recently appeared on Sepultura's latest DVD, *[[Live in São Paulo]]*, playin guitar on the sangs "Necromancer" an "Troops Of Doom", baith of which appeared on the Sepultura studio album he contributit tae, *Morbid Visions*.

http://www.poppycorn.com.br/artigo.php?tid=782  http://www.metal-rules.com/interviews/JairoGuedz.htm http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=49624 

## Notes

## References
* Barcinski, André & Gomes, Silvio (1999). *Sepultura: Toda a História.* São Paulo: Ed. 34. ISBN 85-7326156-0
* Eminence (2004). *Humanology.* [CD]. Switzerland: Timeless Productions.
* Filho, Fernando Souza (1994). *The Mist*. Rock Brigade, ano 13, vol. 91, pages 16–17.
* Oliveira, Daniel (1992). *The Mist: O Metal dos Enforcados*. Rock Brigade, ano 11, vol. 72, page?
Epirus (region)

**Epirus** (, *Ípeiros*), formally the **Epirus Region** (Περιφέρεια Ηπείρου, *Periféria Ipeírou*), is a geographical an admeenistrative region in northwastren Greece. It borders the regions o Wast Macedonie an Thessaly tae the east, Wast Greece tae the sooth, the Ionian Sea an the Ionian Islands tae the wast an the kintra o Albanie tae the north. The region haes an aurie o aboot . It is pairt o the wider historical region o Epirus, which owerlaps modren Albanie an Greece but maustly lees in modren Greek territory.

## Govrenment
Epirus is dividit intae fower regional units (umwhile prefecturs, *nomoi*), which are further subdividit intae municipalities (*[[deme|dimoi]]*). The regional units are: Thesprotia, Ioannina, Arta an Preveza.

Frae Januar 2011, accordin tae the reform introducit bi the Kallikratis Programme (Act 3852/2010) the prefecturs wur abolished an replacit bi regional units. The umwhile municipalities an communities wur re-structured tae form anerlie 18 new municipalities.

The region's govrenor is, syne 1 Januar 2011, Alexandros Kachrimanis, who wis electit in the November 2010 local admeenistration elections for the New Democracy an Popular Orthodox Rally pairties.

## Ceeties
*Arta
*Igoumenitsa
*Ioannina
*Konitsa
*Metsovo
*Paramythia
*Parga
*Preveza
*Syvota

## References

## Freemit airtins
*Offeecial steid Region o Epirus 
* Preveza Weather Station SV6GMQ - Live Weather Conditions  (in Inglis an Greek)
Vitória, Espírito Santo

**Vitória** (, *Victory*) is the caipital o the state o Espírito Santo, Brazil. It is locatit on a sma island athin a bay whaur a few rivers meet the sea. It wis foondit in 1551. The ceety proper (aurie 93&nbsp;km2 or 35.9 sq mi) haes a population o 313,300 (2005) whilst the Greater Vitória metropolitan aurie haes a population o mair nor 1,612,885 (2005), the 14t lairgest in Brazil. In 1998, the Unitit Naitions ratit Vitória as the fowert best state caipital in Brazil tae live in, ratin ceeties on health, education, an social impruivement projects.

Eurico de Aguiar Salles Airport connects Vitória wi mony Brazilian ceeties.

The ceety is hame tae the Federal Varsity o Espírito Santo (UFES).

## References

## Freemit airtins

* Vitoria's Municipal Page (in Portuguese)
* Vitoria's Govrenment Page - Tourism
Crimea

The **Crimean Peninsula** (, , ), kent simply as **Crimea ** an aw on the northern coast o the Black Sea is locatit sooth o the Ukrainian region o Kherson an wast o the Roushie region o Kuban. The peninsula is amaist completely surroondit bi twa seas: the Black Sea an the smawer Sea o Azov tae the east. It is connectit tae Kherson bi the Isthmus of Perekop an is separatit frae Kuban bi the Strait o Kerch. The Arabat Spit is locatit tae the northeast; a narrae strip o laund that separates a seestem o lagoons namit Sivash frae the Sea o Azov.

## References
Gurie

**Gurie** () is a region (*[[mkhare]]*) in Georgie, in the wastren pairt o the kintra, bordered bi the eastren end o the Black Sea. The region haes a population o 113,350 (2014) an Ozurgeti is a regional caipital.

## Geography
Guria is bordered bi Samegrelo tae the north-wast, Imereti tae the north, Samtskhe-Javakheti tae the east, Ajaria tae the sooth, an the Black Sea tae the wast. The province haes an aurie o 2,033&nbsp;km².

Guria is traversed bi the northeasterly line o equal latitude an langitude.

Guria consists o three admeenistrative destricts:
* Ozurgeti
* Lanchkhuti
* Chokhatauri

## Oreegin o the name "Guria"
As for the etymology o the name o Guria, some say that the ruit o the wird refers tae restlessness an the wird shoud mean “the land o the restless” an mey be associatit wi events durin the aicht an nint centuries when “Leon became the Keeng o Abkhazeti, Guruls refused tae obey the ruler o Odzrakho, ceased their vassal relations wi Adarnase an Ashot Bagrationi an unitit wi Leon” as it wis describit in Vakhushti Bagrationi’s historical wirks o the aichteent century.

Accordin tae a later explanation, in the times o Georgie’s prosperity, when its borders stretched frae “Nikopsia tae Daruband”, Gurie wis situatit in the hert o the Georgie territory. The linguistic evidence for the abuin hypothesis is the Megrelian for “heart” – “guri”.

## Economy
Subtropic fermin an tourism is a mainstay o the region’s economy. Watter is ane o the Gurie’s main assets. The province is famous for the mineral watter o Nabeglavi, which is seemilar tae Borjomi in its chemical composition an the Black Sea heal resort o Ureki rich in magnetic sand. Guria is an aw ane o the lairgest tea growin regions in Georgie.&nbsp;http://www.tonus.ge/about.en.html 

## Demographics
Gurians (Gurulebi) are ethnic Georgies who speak a local dialect o the Georgie leid.

## Notables
* Gabriel Kikodze, the Bishop o Imereti (nineteent century).
* Ekvtime Takaishvili (1862-1952), historian.
* Kalistrate, the Catholicos-Patriarch o Aw Georgie frae 1932 tae 1952.
* Noe Zhordania, Prime Meenister o the Democratic Republic o Georgie frae 1918 tae 1921.
* Pavle Ingorokva (1893-1990), historian, philologist, an public benefactor.
* Eduard Shevardnadze, 2nt Preses o Georgie.
* Nodar Dumbadze, Writer.
* Zviad Kvachantiradze, (b. 1965) diplomat.

## References