Denizli

**Denizli** is a industrial ceety in the soothwastren pairt o Turkey an the eastren end o the alluvial valley formit bi the river Büyük Menderes, whaur the plain reaches an elevation o aboot a hunder meters. Denizli is locatit in the kintra's Aegean Region.

The ceety haes a population o aboot 511,751 (2011 census). It jumpit frae 389,000 in 2007, due tae the merger o 13 municipalities an 10 veelages. The aurie o Denizli haes increased amaist five times an the population increase acome aroond 50 percent. Denizli is the caipital ceety o Denizli Province.

Denizli haes achievit a remarkable economic development in the last decades based notably on textile production an exports. Haein acome a vibrant centre o manufacturin focused on exportation, Denizli is frequently citit, alang wi a number o ither Turkis ceeties, as ane o the foremaist ensaumples o "Anatolie Teegers" in reference tae its rapid pace o development.

## Etymology
The ceety wis umwhile kent as *Denizli Ladik*, that is, "Laodicaea on the sea/loch", but the toun is no on the coast.

The name mutatit throu several spellins an mey hae referred tae the abundance o unnergrund watter soorces or the ceety's location on the wey tae wastren Turkey's lochs region nearbi.

## History
The aurie haes been occupeed syne prehistoric times, thare wur important ancient Greek an Roman touns nearbi, (Hierapolis an Laodicea on the Lycus), which persistit throu the Byzantine period.

The ceety wis foondit in its current location efter the aurie haes been settled bi the Turks.  The indwallers o Laodicea wur resettled here in the Seljuk period.

In the 17t century, the Turkis traveler Evliya Çelebi visitit Denizli an recordit the toun as follaes: "The ceety is cried (Denizli) (which means *seaside* in Turkis) as thare are several rivers an lochs aroond it. In fact it is a fower-day trip frae the sea. Its fortress is o square shape built on flat grund. It haes nae ditches. Its periphery is 470 steps lang. It haes fower gates. These are: penters gate in North, saddle-makers gate in the East, new Mosque gate in the Sooth, an vineyard gate in the Wast. Thare are some fifty airmit watchmen in the fortress, an they attend the shop. The main ceety is ootside the fortress wi 44 destricts an 3600 hooses. Thare are 57 smaw an lairge mosques an destrict masjids, 7 madrasahs, 7 childer's schuils, 6 baths an 17 dervish lodges. As iverybody lives in vineyards the upper clesses an ordinar fowk dae no flee frae each ither."

The ceety livit in peace for centuries wioot bein involved in wars in a direct manner. Follaein Warld War I durin the Unthirldom War, the Greek forces managit tae come as close as Sarayköy, a smaw toun  northwast o Denizli, but did no ventur intae Denizli whaur resistance wis bein prepared.

## Climate
Denizli is locatit in Aegean Region o Turkey, but the climate is no uniform neither in Aegean Region nor in the Province o Denizli. A terrestrial climate mey be felt in the centre o the province, acause the aurie is lik a pathwey frae the seaside tae inland auries. The inland auries, lik Çardak, Bozkurt, Çivril, an Çal destricts/coonties o the Province are ceuler an hae a heicher elevation than the seaside, Wastren Pairt o the Province. Tharefore thare are climatic differences athin the Province an even in the Denizli urbanizit aurie. The laund is open tae winds comin frae the Aegean Sea acause the muntains are perpendicular tae the sea. Winters are rainy or whiles snawy, but generally mild.

## Denizli the day

Aside its visitor's attractions, the ceety o Denizli is kent for its textile industry (a outlet shopping for cut-price clothin), for connectit fields o activity sic as the dye industry, an for its famous roosters. The sayin goes that Denizli is kent for 'kız', 'toz' an 'horoz'; respectively, the *girls*, the *dust* an the *roosters*. Resourceful in catchy phraseologies evolvin frae the fowk cultur, the region affirms itsel bi sayin "Denizli'nin horozları bellidir" (*the roosters o Denizli mak thairsels kent*).

### Economy

Durin Warld War I, Denizli mined chromium.

The textile industry in Denizli grew rapidly in the 1980s an 1990s makkin itsel a place in the domestic mercat an for exports. Touels an bathrobes an ither hame textiles are products associatit wi Denizli in pairticular emphasis. Sicweys, Denizli grew rapidly in the last decades, raisin a nummer o vera rich businessmen, some reasonable tae very good restaurants, notably ane renouned athort Turkey for servin anerly mushrooms in different varieties (*Mantar Restaurant*), an the leuk an the amenities o a modren ceety. The biggest firms in the ceety include *Değirmenci* an *Funika* (especially for bathrobes).

### Lifestyle
The ceety is quite smart wi trees alang the main avenues an views o the surroondin muntains frae mony locations. As Denizli haes prospered in the 1990s, new compoonds o luxury villas hae sprung up on the ceety's ootskirts in auries lik *Çamlık*.

In the ceety itsel, air pollution frae coal-fired central-heatin acome a problem in Winter. Housomeivver, wi the quickly expandin netwirk an extensive uisage o naitural gas, air pollution problem haes declined greatly in the elevatit pairts o the ceety, especially whaur anerly naitural gas are uised for heatin.

Thare are some heichly regardit heich schuils sic as Denizli Lütfi Ege Anadolu Öğretmen Lisesi, Denizli Anadolu Lisesi, an Denizli Erbakır Fen Lisesi.

Pamukkale Varsity opened in the 1990s, nou in phase o academic maturin wi mair nor 28,000 students. Mony young fowk still leave tae go tae varsity in İzmir, Ankara or Istanbul, an whiles stay thare tae big careers.

### Cultur an enterteenment
Thare are lairge shops, bars an cafes, even some live muisic, awtho this is a ceety that grew recently an is locatit deep in the kintraside. The presence o Pamukkale Varsity impruives the cultural amenities o the ceety.

The region's indwallers hae been influencit bi the production o grapes an the wine syne centuries an a joyful cultur is present in Denizli, awtho it is coupled wi haurd wirkin an creative thinkin, reflectit in a apparent conservatism. For ensaumple, it is whiles difficult tae get a license tae sell alcohol.

On the ither haund, the new walth in Denizli haes been hintle mair rapid than mony ither places in Turkey in investin in developin a urban cultur. Mony private clubs an associations are openin up includin: *The society for the Protection o the Environs an History o Denizli*; *The Poets an Poetry Luvers Association*; *the Pizza Appreciation Group* an the *Jazz-rock Local*. Thare is a annual amateur theater festival, attendit bi groups frae Turkey an owerseas. Denizli haes the seicont-lairgest nummer o rankin chess-players in Turkey, efter Istanbul. An aw, inspired bi the unuisually heich reports o UFO sichtins in the region ower the years, ane o the warld's haundful o museums dedicatit tae ufology wis recently opened in Denizli.

### Fuid an drink
The wines o the Pamukkale winery are maistly made frae tradeetional Turkis grapes sic as Tokat, Narince an Çalkarası, awtho nou thay are plantin Shiraz in the aurie an aw. Thay an aa mak a well-kent cherry wine. The Denizli kebab is roast lamb served on flat breid. Zafer Gazozu is a locally produced fizzy fruity flavored soda.

### Transportation
Denizli Çardak Airport is aboot 45 minutes drive frae the ceety centre.

The extension o İzmir-Aydın heich-gate tae Denizli remains annooncit syne years. Initial infrastructur is laid in Aydın, but the rest is yet tae come an the present Aydın-Denizli road, awtho straucht an flat, haes a vera heich level o traffeck, especially larries, wi each toun alang the road possessin its awn industrial zone.

### Places o interest
*Laodicea ad Lycum -  north o Denizli near the veelage o Eskihisar. The ceety wis established bi Seleucid King, Antiochus II in honour o his wife, Laodice. This tradin ceety wis famous for its ooen an cotton cloths. A letter written bi a Laodecie says: "A am happy. A hae fortune an A am no in need o onything." Follaein a lairge yirdquauk which destroyed the ceety, wha remains o the auncient ceety are ane o the seiven kirks o Asie Minor, the stadium, the amphitheatre an the odeon, the cistern an the aqueduct. *(see further [[Laodicean Kirk]])*
*Hierapolis an Pamukkale Warld Heritage Steids - north o Denizli Pamukkale traventines. The ceety o Hierapolis wis foondit bi the Pergamon King Eumenes II in 190 BC. Its closeness tae Laodicea led tae commercial an militar rivalry. The toun wis biggit in Greek style. Despite sufferin a violent yirdquauk in 17 AD, it reached its peak durin the Roman an Byzantine periods.  It wis reconstructit durin the 2nt an 3rd centuries in stane frae quarries in the aurie, in a Roman style. The toun haed its maist glorious years durin the reign o Roman Emperors Septimius Severus an Caracalla an became a episcopal seat durin the expansion o Christianity. Housomeivver, as a result o several yirdquauks, the maist violent o which wis in 1354, a great pairt o the toun wis destroyed, an its fowk migratit.
*The Seljuq caravanserai Akhan, which is  frae Denizli on the Ankara heich-gate, an a great pairt o which still remains, wis constructit bi Karasungur bin Abdullah in 1253-54 when he wis actin as the commander o Ladik. It wis recently restored alang wi the Ottoman konaks nearbi an is set tae acome a visitor's attraction bi its awn richt.
*Honaz muntain is a popular picnic excursion for Denizli's fowk in simmer.
*The nearbi veelage o *Goncalı*, which is on the railwey line, is anither excursion. Fowk come tae eat the charcoal-grilled thinly-cut kebab cried *[[:en:List of kebabs#Turkish kebabs|çöp şiş]]*, preferably wi the local *[[:en:Turkish cuisine#Dairy products|süzme]]* yoghurt an a gless o rakı.
*Thare is a statue o Atatürk at Çınar Meydanı in the ceety centre.
*Servergazi turbesi is locatit close tae the Yenişehir neebourheid. The tomb o the 12t century Turkis commander o the Seljuk akinci unit is locatit thare. Mony locals enjoy visitin an makkin prayers at the tomb especially on weekends.
*Teraspark Shopping an Lifestyle Centre, Teraspark AVM, locatit in the yenişehir. Teraspark AVM is biggest shoppin centre in Denizli.
*Forum Çamlık Shoppin an Lifestyle Center, Forum Çamlık AVM, locatit in the hert o the ceety centre, Demokrasi Meydanı/Square an surroondit bi residential auries, walcomes mair nor 450,000 fowk athin a catchment aurie o 20 minutes. The design o Forum Çamlık wis inspired bi the rich airchitectural elements that are unique tae Province o Denizli. Local stanes lik Denizli travertine an marble are uised for the claddin o mony biggins. The visitors will enjoy a detailed airtwirk, smaw ponds, squares an rich landscapin featurs. Gien its wide range o shop mix an enterteenment facilities, includin theatres/cinemas, the centre became a vera important destination for visitors in Denizli an neebourin ceeties.

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns — sister ceeties
Denizli is twinned wi:

*  Amasya, Turkey
*  Bursa, Turkey
*  Muş, Turkey
*  Tokat, Turkey
*  Almelo, Netherlands
*  Pavlodar, Kazakhstan
*  Tbilisi, Georgie
*  Brăila, Romanie
*  Samara, Roushie
*  Rhodes, Greece
*  Betzdorf, Germany
*  Mogilev, Belaroushie
*  Larissa, Greece
*  Łódź, Poland
*  Damascus, Sirie
*  Jiaozhou, Cheenae
*  Sarajevo, Bosnie
*  Muan, Sooth Korea
*  Kazvin, Iran

## References

## Freemit airtins
* Denizli Govrenment Wab Steid
* Denizli Telephone Address, Business Guide