open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Taumatawhakatangihangakoauauotamateaturipukakapikimaungahoronukupokaiwhenuakitanatahu

**Taumatawhakatangihangakoauauotamateapokaiwhenuakitanatahu** is a Maori wird fur a brae in New Zealand. It's 305 metres heich.

The short form **Taumata** is uised in iveryday blether. It haes eichty-five letters in its name. It's yin o' the langest steid names in the warld.
Kevin Rudd

**Kevin Rudd** (born 21 September 1957) is an Australie politeecian, an wis Prime Meenister (2007-2010) o the kintra’s pairlament in Canberra, representin the Labor Pairty.

## References
Elizabeth I o Ingland

**Elizabeth I** (cried "Elizabeth" until Elizabeth II teuk the Breetish throne; 7 September 1533 – 24 Mairch 1603) wis Queen o Ingland an Queen o Ireland frae 17 November 1558 till her strae-daith. Elizabeth wis the fift an pokeshakkins o the ryal Hoose o Tudor. The dochter o Henry VIII, she wis born a princess, but her mither, Anne Boleyn, wis executit three year efter her birth.
Sybae

**Sybaes** is a edible plant o the genus *Allium*. The upper green pairt is hallae. It wants o a fou developed ruit bulb. Hairstit for thair gust, thay are mylder nor maist ingans. Thay can be cooked or uised raw, as a pairt o salads or Asian receipts. Diced sybaes are uised in soup, noodle an seafuid dishes. For tae mak mony Eastren sauces, the bottom quarter-inch o sybaes are for common remuived afore uiss.
Lily

The **lily** (*Narcissus*) aften cried the white-lily or yellae-lily efter the colour o the flouer.

*the craw-bell *Narcissus pseudo-narcissus*
Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue

The ***Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue*** is a muckle ten-volume dictionar o Auld Scots (whilk it defines as bein frae the 12t yeahunner tae the hinnend o the 17t).

**A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue: from the twelfth century to the end of the seventeenth*; by William A. Craigie (and A. J. Aitken; James A. C. Stevenson). Chicago & London, 1931 - 2002

## Fremmit airtins
*Hamepage
Freshwatter fish

**Freshwatter fish**

The names o fish waled for teetles is mair tae sinder ae fish frae anither nor tae threap that is the richt ane. For ordinar a weel-kent or leeterar name. There micht weel be guid grunds for chyngin the name waled for the teetle.

The list is sortit alphabetic by Laitin name.
   
* *[[Abramis brama]]* Bream   
* *[[Alburnus alburnus]]*  Bleis
* *[[Anguilla anguilla]]*  Eel  
* *[[Anguilla latirostris]]*  Culloch  
* *[[Barbus barbus]]*  
* *[[Blicca bjoerkna]]* Siller bream
* *[[Carassius auratus]]*  Gowdfish  
* *[[Carassius carassius]]* Crucian cairp
* *[[Cobitis taenia]]*  Pikit lotch 
* *[[Coregonus albula]]*  Vendace  
* *[[Coregonus autumnalis]]*  Powan Ither names: Pollock
* *[[Coregonus lavaretus]]*  Powan Ither names: Pollock
* *[[Coregonus oxyrinchus]]*   
* *[[Ctenopharygodon idella]]* Gress cairp 
* *[[Cyprinus carpio]]*  Cairp  
* *[[Esox lucius]]*  Ged  
* *[[Gasterosteus aculeatus aculeatus]]*  Banstickle Ither names: Beardie, Sprickly-back, Reid-gabbie 
* *[[Gobio gobio]]* Gudgeon
* *[[Gymnocephalus cernua]]* Ruffe  
* *[[Leuciscus cephalus]]*  Skelly  
* *[[Leuciscus idus]]* Orfe 
* *[[Leuciscus leuciscus]]*  Dace  
* *[[Nemacheilus barbatulus]]*  Lotch Ither names: Lotchie, Miller’s thoum, Katie beardy, Gippie 
* *[[Oncorhynchus mykiss]]*  Marlt saumon  
* *[[Perca fluviatilis]]*  Perch  
* *[[Phoxinus phoxinus]]*  Minnin Ither names: Guttie, Reid sodger 
* *[[Pungitius pungitius]]*
* *[[Rhodeus sericeus]]* Bitterlin 
* *[[Rutilus rutilus]]*  Braise  
* *[[Salmo salar]]*  Saumon  
* *[[Salmo trutta]]*  Troot  
* *[[Salvelinus alpinus]]*  Gellytroch Ither names: reid wame 
* *[[Scardinius erythrophthalmus]]* Rudd   
* *[[Thymallus thymallus]]* Graylin   
* *[[Tinca tinca]]*   Tench
Ee

**Een** are organs o the veesual seestem.  Thay provide organisms wi veesion, the abeelity tae receive an process veesual detail, as weel as enablin several photae response functions that are independent o veesion. Een detect licht an convert it intae electro-chemical impulses in neurons. In heicher organisms, the ee is a complex optical seestem that collects licht frae the surroondin environment, regulates its intensity throu a diaphragm, focuses it throu an adjustable assemmly o lenses tae form an eemage, converts this eemage intae a set o electrical seegnals, an transmits thir signals tae the harn throu complex neural pathweys that connect the ee via the optic nerve tae the veesual cortex an ither auries o the harn. Een wi resolvin pouer hae come in ten fundamentally different forms, an 96% o ainimal species possess a complex optical seestem. Eemage-resolvin een are present in molluscs, chordates an arthropods.

The semplest "een", sic as thae in microorganisms, dae naething but detect whither the surroondins are licht or daurk, that is sufficient for the entrainment o circadian rhythms. Frae mair complex een, retinal photosensitive ganglion cells send seegnals alang the retinohypothalamic tract tae the suprachiasmatic nuclei tae effect circadian adjuistment an tae the pretectal aurie tae control the pupillary licht reflex.

## References
Lug

The **lug** is the pairt o the body that lats fowk hear. Fowk an maist vertebrate ainimals haes twa lugs.

Some ainimals dinna hear throu lugs. Speeders can hear wi wee hairs on thair shanks.

Some ainimals haes muckle lugs. The mowpie haes muckle lugs sae it can hear gey weel, that are uised for tae listen for predators.

The lug wirks lik a filler airtin the soond tae the inner lug. Thae vibrations is sent tae the harn by a netwark o nerves.
Polis

The **Polis** is a govrenment organisation that is gien speicial leecence tae enforce thair govrenment's laws agin different kynds o wrang-daein. Polis men speirs oot thiftdom or murthers an wairds heich-gates an ceeties for tae mak siccar that fowk daesna gang agin the law. The biggin thay wirk in is for ordinar cried a *polis station*.

## See Forby
* Polis man
Psaums

**Psaums** (Ebrue: Tehilim, תהילים, or "praises") is a beuk o musardry fund in baith the Christian Bible an the Judaism Jewish canon an aw. It is an ingaitherin o sangs They are anent the hail reenge o human experience in relation tae God, the guid an the bad stents o life as weel as liturgical pairts forby.

## Componin
Tradeetion threaps that the feck o the Psaums wis written bi King Dauvit, tho modren scholars hae disputit this an maist hauds that he canna hae wrate aw thaim that haes his names, syne mony appears tae hae been pitten doun lang efter his daith, specially thaim that seems tae be frae the exilic or post-exilic stents o Israel's history. Ither psaums haes teetles sic as "O the Sons o Korah" abuin thaim, clearly shawin that thir anes wisna bi Dauvit.
The Psaums wis first pitten doun in writin aboot the 6t century BC, an haed been pairt o the Jewish oral tradeetion for mony years afore thon.

## Translates intae Scots
The *Psaums* haes been pitten ower intae Scots twa-three times:

* Henry Scott Riddell (1857) pit oot a translate o the beuk o Psaums that wis taen frae the Inglis Authorised Version (kent as the King James Version an aw).
* P. Hately Waddell gied us his "Psalms: frae Hebrew intil Scottis" in 1871 an sae becam the first Scots translator o ony Biblical beuk tae wirk frae the oreeginal leid text. In his wark he teuk tent o ither translates in ither leids: the Laitin, the Greek, the Italian, the German an Inglis.
* In 1971, a year efter his daith. Alex Borrowman's translate o *Ruth* wis setten furth, an twa-three o the Psaums wes eikit tae it.

Forby, twa-three makkars sic as Robert Burns, haes pitten a Psaum or twa ower intae Scots verse.

## The Metrical Psaums
Syne the days o their componin, the Psaums haes been uised in wirship, aither liltit bi priests or ordinar fowk (or baith in deeferent pairts in a "caw an repone" form). In modren Christian wirship this hauds on the nou an aw, in Scotland mainly throu the uiss o the Metrical Psaums.

For the first three centuries o its bein, the Kirk o Scotland haed the Metrical Psaums (1650) as its ae muisical wirship in services (as is still the wey wi the Free Kirk o Scotland). This wis an Inglis translate o the Psaums in rhyme an metre sae it coud be liltit. Mony Scots Bibles haes the Metrical Psaulms at the end, alang wi paraphrases o ither pairts o Scriptur for liltin. Thir versions o the Psaums is still uised in mony kirks in Scotland.

## Soorces
* *A History of the Scots Bible* - Graham Tulloch
* *The Bible in Scottish Life and Literature* - ed. David F. Wright
* *How to Read the Old Testament* - Etienne Charpentier

## Fremmit Airtins
* The buik o Psaums in Scots, Waddell's translate 
* Thrie versions o Psaum 23 in deeferent Scots dialecks 
* Metrical Psaum 72 (in Scots) 
* Metrical Psaum 100 (in Scots) 
* Metrical Psaum 122 (in Scots) 
* Metrical Psaums
* Metrical Psaums in Inglis an the Gaelic
Neb

A **neb** or **nose** is a pairt o the bouk that lats ainimals snowk things. The neb helps ainimals braithe. It haes pairts that maks it wirk an send messages tae the harn. The neb's pairts includes snowk receptors an nerve connectors tae receptors. In bodies, the neb is on the front o the face.
Acts o Union 1707

The **Acts o Union** wis a pair o Parliamentary Acts passed in 1706 an 1707 by the Parliament o Ingland an the Parliament o Scotland, tae pit intae effect the terms o the Treaty o Union that hud been negotiated between the twa kingdoms. The Acts jynt the Kinrick o Ingland an the Kinrick o Scotland (that wis aforhaun twa sindry states, wi sindry legislaturs but wi the same monarch) intae the Kinrick o Great Breetain.

The twa countries hud shared a monarch fur aboot 100 year (since the Union o the Crouns in 1603, whan King James VI o Scotland's cuisin's (Queen Elizabeth I) throne becam his handsel-throne. Awtho described as a Union o Crowns, til 1707 there wur in fact twa sindry crowns restin on the same heid. There hud been three votes in 1606, 1667, an 1689 tae unite the twa countries by Acts o Pairlament, but it wisnae til the early 18th century that the idea hud the will o baith political establishments, awbeit fur raither different reasons.

Scotland wis pushed taewards the union by the Darien chest, a tradin chest set up tae store money an documents associated wi the Company o Scotland. Howe'er, its wis a failure, costin Scotland a quarter o its liquid capital and pushin it closer tae a union wi England. 

It is therefore cited as wan o the key reasons behind the Acts o Union. Scotland realised that if it wanted tae be a major tradin po'er, it needed access tae England's colonies and the benefits baith countries would gain fae free trade. 

The Acts teuk effect oan the 1st o May 1707. Oan this date, the Scots Parliament an the English Parliament gathered taegether tae form the Parliament o Great Britain, situated in the palace o Westminster in London - the hame o the English Parliament (the parliaments o England an Scotland wis demitit). Ere, the Act is referred tae as the **Union o the Parliaments**.

There wis a vote tae rename Scotland an England as North an South Britain. This wis generally short-lived, particularly in "South Britain" - awtho the name "North Britain" wis used fur a while by some institutions. This practise is noo ne'er seen aften, if e'er at aw.

## References
Esk

An **Esk** is a wee ainimal, a kynd o salamander. Esks leeves in wairm kintras an in watter maist o the time. Thay are fand in North Americae, Europe, an North Asie.

Thair mither lays eggs an lea's thaim. Esks clecks frae thae eggs. Whan thay are young, thay win awa frae the watter for a year. Thay gang back in the watter for tae lay eggs. Thay than bide in watter for the lave o thair lifes. Esks haes a guid bit o pushion, an haes bricht colours for tae wairn ither ainimals.

The Watter Esk or Man-keeper (*Lissotriton vulgaris*)

The moss-lizard (*Zootoca vivipara*) is whiles cried the dry or heather esk.

## References
Amon Amarth

**Amon Amarth** is a melodic daith metal baund frae Tumba, Swaden. The feck o their sangs is anent Norse Meethology.

## Owerview

The baund wes foundit in 1992 unner the name Scum, oreeginally playin in a goregrind style, but suin chynged tae a mair melodic daith metal style, wi leerics taen frae Norse Meethology. Aboot this time they chynged their name tae Amon Amarth, taen frae the Sindarian leid cleckit bi Tolkien, meanin Ben Weird (tho in his warks its mair aften kent as Oroduin, or Mount Doom).

Mony fowk cries thaim "Viking Metal", tho the baund thaimsels dinna gree wi this - as lilter Johan Hegg says:

::*We play Daith Metal. We scrieve aboot Vikings sae therefor some refers tae us as Viking Metal, but I dinna hae ony idea whit thon is.*

## Line-up
### Current members
* *Johan Hegg* − Liltin
* *Johan Söderberg* − Guitars
* *Olavi Mikkonen* − Guitars
* *Ted Lundström* − Bass Guitar
* *Fredrik Andersson* − Drums

### Umwhile members
* *Anders Hansson* − Guitars
* *Nico Kaukinen* − Drums
* *Martin Lopez* − Drums
* *Themgoroth* − Liltin

## Discography
### Demos an sel released
**Demo 1* (unner the name *Scum*) (1992)
**Thor Arise* (1993)
**The Arrival of the Fimbul Winter* (1994)
### Albums
**Sorrow Throughout the Nine Worlds* (1996)
**Once Sent from the Golden Hall* (1998)
**The Avenger* (1999)
**The Crusher* (2001)
**Versus the World* (2002)
**Fate of Norns* (2004)
**With Oden on our Side* (2006)

## Fremmit airtins

*Offeecial Wabsteid
*Amon Amarth page at Encyclopaedia Metallum
Lizard

**Lizards** is reptiles o the suborder **Lacertilia**, that for ordinar haes fower legs an external lug opening.

* *Zootoca vivipara* for ordinar kent as the moss-lizard, (heather-)esk, man-eater or man-keeper.
Hebrides

The **Hebrides** ( ; Gaelic: *Innse Gall*) is a group o islands aff the wast coast o Scotland, an in geological terms are makkit up o the auldest stane in the Breetish Isles. Thay can be sindert intae twa main groups:
* Inner Hebrides, includin Islay, Jura, Skye, Mull, Raasay, Staffa and the Smaw Isles
* Ooter Hebrides, includin Barra, Berneray, Harris, Lewis, North Uist, Sooth Uist, an St Kilda

Whiles the Hebrides aw thegither is referred tae as the Wastren Isles, but this term is for ordinar uised tae mean juist the Ooter Hebrides, that were kent as The Lang Island lang syne.
Patron saunt

In thae denominations o Christianity that believes in the intercession o saunts, the **patron saunt** o a parteecular group o fowk is a saunt that haes a byordinar connection for that group an its members.  Prayers by sic fowk are considered mair likely tae be answered by thair patron saunt.
Inner Hebrides

The **Inner Hebrides** (Gaelic: **Na h-Eileanan a-staigh** - the inner isles) is a group o islands aff the wast coast o Scotland, to the sooth east o the Waster Isles. Thay are pairt o the Hebrides. In classical sources, thay are referred tae as the **Ebudae** or the **Ebudes**. Tradeetionally, the Inner Hebrides hae been sindert intae twa groups (northren an soothren).

## Aw the islands o the Inner Hebrides
* Islay,
* Jura,
* Skye,
* Mull,
* Raasay,
* Staffa.

Ither islands, taa much little tae be mentionit are cried the Sma Islands, in Scots Gaelic, ***Na h-Eileanan Tarsainn***.

## See an aa
*The Waster Isles
The Waster Isles

The **Waster** or **Wastren Isles**, cried **Ooter Hebrides** an aw (offeicialie kent bi the Scots Gaelic name ***Na h-Eileanan Siar*** or ***na h-Eileanan an Iar*** (the name of the Inglis an Scots Pairliamentary constituency)) is an iland chain aff the wast coast o Scotland.

Thay furm pairt o the Hebrides, sindert frae the Scots mainlaund an frae the Inner Hebrides bi the watherfu wattirs o the Minch, the Littil Minch an the Sie o the Hebrides. The main leid o the ilands, Scots Gaelic, is yit wydlie spoken e'en tho it haes nou been maistlins supplantit bi Inglis in sum pairts.

## References
Statute o Rhuddlan

The **Statute o Rhuddlan** wis enactit on 3 Mairch 1284 efter the militar conquest in 1282−83 o the Principality o Wales — that haed been established by Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Laird o Aberffraw an Prince o Wales, an briefly hauden efter his daith by his successor Dafydd ap Gruffudd — by the King o Ingland Edward I. The statute assumed the launds hauden by the Princes o Gwynedd unner the teetle Prince o Wales as legally pairt o the launds o Ingland unner Edward I.

## See forby
*Wales
*Ingland
*Kinrick o Great Breetain
*Unitit Kinrick
*Treaty o Union 1707
Commonweel o Nations

The **Commonweel o Nations**, kent for ordinar as **the Commonweel** an kent as the **Breetish Commonweel** forby, is a voluntar associe o 53 independent sovereign states, maist o whit's umwhile Breetish colonies (cep the Unitit Kinrick itsel an Mozambique).

The Commonweel is an internaitional organisation that kintras wi diverse social, poleetical, an economic backgrounds co-operate throu in a framewirk o common vailyies an ettles, ootlined in the Singapore Declaration.

Elizabeth II is the Heid o State, separately, o saxteen members o the Commonweel an aw, cried Commonweel kinricks. As ilka kinrick is independent, Elizabeth II, as monarch, hauds a distinct teetle for ilkane, tho, bi a Prime Meenisters' Conference in 1952, aw include the wirds "Heid o the Commonweel" at the end; for ensaumple: *Elizabeth the Seicont, by the Grace o God, Queen o Jamaica an o Her ither Kinricks an Stewartries, Heid o the Commonweel.* Ayont the kinricks, the muckle pairt o the members o the Commonweel haes thair ain, sindry Heids o State: thirty-twa members is Commonweel republics an five members haes thair ain monarchs (Sultan o Brunei, Keeng o Lesotho, Supreme Ruler o Malaysie, Keeng o Swaziland, an Keeng o Tonga).

### Members

## Commonweel Kinricks

A **Commonweel kinrick** is a kintra that haes the same monarch as the Unitit Kinrick.

Queen Elizabeth II o the Unitit Kinrick is alsae:

* Queen o Antigua an Barbuda
* Queen o Australie
* Queen o The Bahamas
* Queen o Barbados
* Queen o Belize
* Queen o Canadae
* Queen o Grenada
* Queen o Jamaica
* Queen o New Zealand
* Queen o Papua New Guinea
* Queen o Saunt Kitts an Nevis
* Queen o Saunt Lucia
* Queen o Saunt Vincent an the Grenadines
* Queen o the Solomon Islands
* Queen o Tuvalu

## Ither Members
* Cyprus
* Pakistan
Breetish Isles

The **Breetish Isles** (, , Manx: *Ellanyn Goaldagh*, , ) ur a wheen o islands aff the northwast coast o continental Europe comprisin Great Breetain, Irland an ower sax thoosand smawer isles.

Thare ur twa sovereign states locatit on the ilands: the Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland an Irland.

## References
Sanballat

**Sanballat** can refer tae ane o several owerseers o Samarie throu the Achaemenid an Hellenistic tacks:
*Sanballat I, owerseen in the mid til late 5t century BC.
*Sanballat II, grandson o the foregane, owerseen mid 4t century BC.
*Sanballat III, owerseen roond aboot the tide o Alexander the Great.
*Sanballat IV
*Sanballat V
Sanballat I is leetit in the foremaist hauf o the beuk o Nehemiah in the Bible as bein ane o the heid yins agin the rebiggin o the waw o Jerusalem bi the Jews i 445 BC.
Haplochromis venator

**Haplochromis venator** is a speshie o fish in the Cichlidae faimlie. It is parteecular tae Uganda.

## References

* Kaufman, L. 1996.  Haplochromis venator. 2006 IUCN Red Leet o thraitent Speshie.  Doonloadit on 04 August 2007.
Flee

**Flees** is insects o the Order **Diptera** (Greek: *di* = twa, an *pteron* = wing), that hase ae pair o wings on the mesothorax an a pair o halteres, derived frae the hind wings, on the metathorax. The hooseflee (*Musca domestica*) is a richt flee an is ane o the maist braid distreebute ainimals.

## See Forby

*Cleg
*Flech
*Wasp
*Bee
Flech

**Flech** or flae is the common name for ony o the wee wingless insects o the order **Siphonaptera**. Flechs is external parasites, leevin by hematophagy aff the bluid o mammals an birds.

Some weel kent flechs includes:
* Cat flech (*Ctenocephalides felis*),
* Dug flech (*Ctenocephalides canis*),
* Human flech (*Pulex irritans*),
* Northren ratton flech (*Nosopsyllus fasciatus*),
* Oriental ratton flech (*Xenopsylla cheopis*).
* Saund-lowper or sea-flech (*Orchestia agilis*)
Fog & Crottle

**Fog** & **Crottle**

The names o the sindry specie o fog an crottle waled for teetles is mair tae sinder ae plaunt frae anither nor tae threap that is the richt ane. For ordinar a weel-kent or leeterar name. Thare micht weel be guid grunds for chyngin the name waled for the teetle.
File:Cetraria islandica - Islandslav.jpg|alt=Hoastin girse|Hoastin girse
File:Cladonia coccifera (8105339019).jpg|alt=White-fog|White-fog
File:Lobaria scrobiculata R1.jpg|alt=Aikraw|Aikraw
File:Lycopodium clavatum 100911.JPG|alt=Tod's tail|Tod's tail
File:Ochrolechia parella (L.) A. Massal 409078.jpg|alt=Cup moss|Cup moss
File:Parmelia omphalodes.jpg|alt=Rousty crottle|Rousty crottle
File:Parmelia saxatilis a1.JPG|alt=Staneraw|Staneraw
File:Lycopodium annotinum - Sprossende Bärlapp.jpg|alt=Laverock's lint|Laverock's lint
The leet is sortit alphabetic bi Laitin name.

* *Aspicilia calcarea*  
* *Cetraria islandica*  Hoastin girse 
* *Cladonia coccifera*  White-fog 
* *Cladonia pyxidata*  
* *Diphasiastrum alpinum*   
* *Diphasiastrum complanatum*  
* *Diploschites*   
* *Evernia prunastri*   
* *Hypogymnia physodes*
* *Lecanora tartarea* Cutbear   
* *Lobaria pulmonaria*  Hazelraw Ither names: Deil’s ain, Jock an Jenny, Jock an Mary
* *Lobaria scrobiculata*  Aikraw 
* *Lycopodium annotinum*  
* *Lycopodium clavatum*  Tod’s tail Ither names: Knifes an forks, Fox-fit
* *Ochrolechia parella*  Licht crottles 
* *Ochrolechia tartarea*  Cup moss Ither names: Korkir, Korkie,
* *Ophioparma ventosa*   
* *Parmelia caperata*  
* *Parmelia conspersa*  
* *Parmelia omphalodes*  Rousty Crottle 
* *Parmelia saxatilis*  Staneraw Ither names: Black crottle, Stane-auld
* *Peltigera canina*  
* *Platismatia glauca*  
* *Polytrichum commune*  Ither names: Gowdilocks
* *Polytrichum commune*  Laverock’s lint Ither names: Siller heather, Gowk-bere
* *Pseudevernia furfuracea*  
* *Ramalina siliquosa*  
* *Ramalina subfarinacea*  
* *Ramaria spp.*  
* *Sphagnum*  Wall-raik Ither names: Marsh-fog, Peat-fog
* *Tephromela atra*  
* *Umbilicaria pustulata*
* *Usnea subfloridana*  Buckbeard 
* *Xanthoria parietina*
Crottle

**Crottle** is a symbiotic jynin o a fungus (the mycobiont) thegither wi a photaesynthetic pairtner (the photaebiont), thit is aither an algae or cyanobacteria that maks fuid fer the mycobiont frae sunlicht whiles the photaebiont is protectit bi the filaments o the crottle.

Crottles kivers aroond 7% o the warld's surface, bidin in a range o pairts, incluidin the maist extreme places on the yird. Crottles is fand maist tae growe on stanes, stane-dykes an trees.

In the bygane mony ferm an cot-hooses haed their ain baurel o graith, or maister (ammoniac), in a lit pig, for tae mak reid or purpie lit fer tae dye thir claes.

## Taxonomie
Crottles is a kynd o organism thit is kent as polyphyletic, meanin that it is fand in mony sindry phyla o the fungus kinrick, wi ilka faimly descendit o a sindry ancestor.

## References
Fog

**Fog**, kent forbye as moss, is sindry wee, saft plaunts that's 1–10&nbsp;cm (0.4–4&nbsp;in) lang for ordinar, tho some species is mair muckle. Thay growe for ordinar near thegither in wee busses or basses in dunk, urie or shady airts. Thay dinnae hae flouers or seeds, an thair aefauld leafs kivers the shilpie stalks. At certain times fog brings furth spore cods thit micht kythe as beak-like cods hoven alaft on shilpie stalks.

Fogs is aften mistaen for crottle, a kynd o fungus thit bides simbiotically wi algae or cyanobacteria, acause thair appearance is similar.

## Evolution
Fog isnae weel kent in the fossil record acause thir cell waas is sae saft. Definite fossils o earlie fogs is kent frae the Permian period, wi som fossils thocht tae be fogs frae the Carboniferous.

## References
Puddock’s redd & Kerse

**Puddock’s redd** is whit the freshwatter plants o the faimily *Potamogetonaceae* is cried acause mony leuks seemilar tae Puddock's redd.

**Kerses** is fast-growin, watter or naur-watter, perennial plants, an ane o the auldest kent leaf vegetables etten by fowk. Thir plants is members o the Faimily *Brassicaceae* an is sib tae kail an skelloch — aw wi a merkit snell, peppery gust.
File:PotamogetonNatans.jpg|alt=Potamogeton Natans|Deils spuins
File:Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum Inflorescencia 2011-5-22 SierraMadrona.jpg|alt=Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum|Wall-kerse
File:Rorippa amphibia kz08.jpg|alt=Rorippa amphibia|Great yellae-kerse
File:Islandsfräne - Rorippa islandica0212 - Flickr - Ragnhild & Neil Crawford.jpg|alt=Rorippa islandica|Northren yellae-kerse
File:Slanke waterkers Rorippa microphylla.jpg|alt=Rorippa microphylla|Nairae fruitit-kerse
File:Rorippa palustris kz02.jpg|alt=Rorippa palustris|Moss yellae-kerse
File:Rorippa sylvestris (s. str.) sl13.jpg|alt=Rorippa sylvestris|Creepin yallae-kerse
File:Potamogeton alpinus, robust form (the River. Uftyuga, Vologda reg., Russia).jpg|alt=Potamogeton alpinus|*Potamogeton alpinus*
The howe stalks o kerse fleets an the leafs grows forenent ilk ither alang the stalk. Kerses brings furth wee knots o white an green flouers.

* *Potamogeton alpinus*
* *Potamogeton berchtoldii*
* *Potamogeton coloratu*
* *Potamogeton compressus*
* *Potamogeton crispus*
* *Potamogeton epihydrus*
* *Potamogeton filiformis*
* *Potamogeton friesii*
* *Potamogeton gramineus*
* *Potamogeton lucens*
* *Potamogeton natans*  Deils spuins
* *Potamogeton obtusifolius*
* *Potamogeton pectinatus*
* *Potamogeton perfoliatus*
* *Potamogeton perfoliatus*
* *Potamogeton polygonifolius*
* *Potamogeton praelongus*
* *Potamogeton pusillus*
* *Potamogeton rutilus*
* *Potamogeton trichoides*
* *Rorippa amphibia*  Great yellae-kerse
* *Rorippa islandica*  Northren yellae-kerse
* *Rorippa microphylla*  Nairae fruitit-kerse
* *Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum*  Wall-kerse Ither names: Wall-girse
* *Rorippa palustris*  Moss yellae-kerse
* *Rorippa sylvestris*  Creepin yellae-kerse
Slake

**Slake** is the name gien tae sindry species o eatable fresh- an saut-watter algae that conteins a heich amoont o meeneral sauts, in parteecular iodine an airn. It is smuith an fine, aften clappit tae rocks. Slake is common aboot the wast coast o Breetain an the east coast o Ireland alang the Erse Sea.

Whan bylt it forms a jeely an can be etten o breid insteid o butter. It can be ceukit in soup cried slake-kail.

Species o slake fund aboot Scotland is *Enteromorpha prolifera*, *Gloeocapsa magma*, *Monostroma grevillei*, sindy species o *Gracilaria* kent as Reid-slake, *Enteromorpha intestinalis* kent as watter puddins, *Ulva lactuca* kent as green slake,  an *Porphyra laciniata* an *Porphyra umbilicalis* baith kent as slake-kail.
Tang

**Tang**, whiles wrack or ware, is the name for ordinar gien tae the lairge, coorse sea plants that growes on rocks abuin the law-watter merk. Species o tang includes the prickly tang *Fucus serratus* an the black tang *Fucus vesiculosus*.

Ither species is:

* *Ascophyllum mackaii*   
* Yellae tang (*Ascophyllum nodosum*)
* cowe-tang (*Pelvetia canaliculata* ) that is better conseedert a specie o wrack.
Ware (plant)

**Ware** is the name for ordinar gien tae some species o sea plants that growes in the north Atlantic Ocean and the northren Paceefic Ocean, for ordinar, at depths atween aicht an 30m.

Ware is uised for tae produce potassium chloride an iodine. 

Species o ware includes:

* Carle-tangle (*Laminaria digitata*)  
* Tangle (*Laminaria hyperborea*)     
* Witch-grund (*Laminaria saccharina*)     

The  Sea-ware *Zostera marina* is richtly a kin o sea-girse.
Sea plants

Plants that growes in the sea. Aften kent as dilse, slake, tang, ware an wrack.
File:Ascophyllum nodosum.jpg|alt=Yellae tang|Yellae tang
File:Chorda filum (laisse marine).JPG|alt=Mardrew|Mardrew
File:Palmaria palmata.jpg|alt=Dilse|Dilse
File:Pelvetia canaliculata.jpg|alt=Cowe-tang|Cowe-tang
File:Ulva lactuca.jpeg|alt=Slake kail|Slake kail
File:Zostera marina - iNaturalist.org(1).jpg|alt=Sea-ware|Sea-ware
File:FMIB 52412 Enteromorpha intestinalis.jpeg|alt=Watter puddins|Watter puddins
File:Red algae (Gracilaria sp.) (48737220543).jpg|alt=Reid-slake|Reid-slake


* *[[Alaria esculenta]]*  Badderlock 
* *[[Ascophyllum mackaii]]*   
* *[[Ascophyllum nodosum]]*  Yellae tang Ither names: Button wrack
* *[[Chondrus crispus]]*  
* *[[Chorda filum]]*  Mardrew ther names: Deil strings, Cat-gut-threid, Lucky Minny's Lines
* *[[Enteromorpha intestinalis]]*  Watter puddins 
* *[[Enteromorpha prolifera]]*  Slake 
* *[[Gloeocapsa magma]]*   Slake 
* *[[Gracilaria]]*   Reid-slake 
* *[[Himanthalia elongata]]*  
* *[[Monostroma grevillei]]*  Slake 
* *[[Palmaria palmata]]*   Dilse 
* *[[Pelvetia canaliculata]]*  cowe-tang 
* *[[Porphyra umbilicalis]]*  Slake-kail 
* *[[Ulva lactuca]]*   Green slake Ither names: Slake kail
* *[[Fucus serratus]]*  Prickly tang Ither names: Black wrack
* *[[Fucus vesiculosus]]*  Black tang Ither names: Leddy wrack, Straeberry ware, Sea ware
* *[[Laminaria digitata]]*  Carle-tangle Ither names: Reid ware, Flam, Rowp
* *[[Laminaria hyperborea]]*  Tangle   
* *[[Laminaria saccharina]]*  Witch-grund   
* *[[Zostera marina]]*  Sea-ware Ither names: Sea-wrack, Sweet-gress, Drew, Marlauk
Dilse

**Dilse** (*Palmaria palmata*) is a reid algae that growes on the northren coasts o the Atlantic an Pacific ocean. Dilse haes laither-like blads up tae 30&nbsp;cm lang an 20&nbsp;cm braid. The aulder blads micht be splitten.

Dilse can be etten an is a guid soorce o meenerals an veetamins compeart tae ither vegetables, mair oot ower it conteins aw the trace elements needit for humans wi a heich protein content.

It is for ordinar fund frae Juin tae September an can be ingaithert by haund whan the tide is oot. Whan ingaithert, wee snail, bitties o shell an ither wee pairticles can be wuishen or shakken aff an the plaunt syne spreid oot tae dry. Some gaitherers micht turn it ance an rowe it intae lairge turses for tae be packit efter. In some kintras it is uised as fother for ainimals an aw.

In Northren Ireland, Iceland an Atlantic Canadae, dilse is uised as baith fuid and medicine. It can be fund in mony halth fuid shops or fish mercats. In Ballycastle, Northren Ireland, it's tradeetionally selt at the Auld Lammas Fair. Ae sort o dulse is cultivatit in Nova Scotia an mercatit as Sea Persel, selt caller in the produce section. Dilse is nou shippit athort the warld. In Northren Ireland it is parteecular weel-likit alang the Causey Coast. Awtho a dwynin tradeetion, there's mony that aye gaithers their ain dilse.
Wrack

**Wrack** is a name aften gien tae sindry fresh or saut-watter algae, in parteecular see algae that's been wuishen on tae the shore sic as dilse, slake, ware an tang.
Newcastle upon Tyne

**Newcastle upon Tyne** (for ordinar cried juist **Newcastle**) is a ceety in the north-east o Ingland. It is locatit alang the north baunk o the River Tyne an the umwhile coonty toun o Northumberland. Mair nor 190,000 fowk bide in the ceety, but e'en mair bides in the surroondin aurie.

## Byleid

The byleid o Newcastle is kent as Geordie, an haes a muckle amoont o vocabulary an distinctive wird pronunciations no uised in ither pairts o Ingland, bit that are sib tae Scots.  The Geordie byleid, lik Scots an Staundart Inglis, haes its oreegins in the leid spoken bi the Anglo-Saxon that settlet in Breetian efter the Romans left in the 4t century. But whiles the byleids o ither Inglis regions hae been muckle chyngit bi the influences o ither furrin leids — Norman an Norman–French in parteecular — the Geordie byleid, lik Scots, hauds ontae mony chairicteristics o the auld leid. Some wirds uised in the Geordie byleid is uised in Scots an aw, sic lik *bonny*, *stot*, *canny*, *strang* an *coo*. Mony wirds, houaniver, appear tae be uised alanery in Newcastle an the surroondin aurie, sic lik *bait* ("fuid") an *hacky* ("clarty").

## Notes
Kinrick o Great Breetain

The **Unitit** **Kinrick o Great Breetain** wis a state in Wastren Europe, that existed frae 1707 tae 1800. It wis shapit by the jynin o the Kinrick o Scotland an the Kinrick o Ingland, unner the Acts o Union 1707, tae mak ae kinrick athort the hail o the island o Great Breetain. Ae new pairlament an govrenment, seetuatit in Westminster in Lunnon, controlled the new kinrick. The twa unthirlt kinricks o Scotland an Ingland haed shared the ae same monarch sin James VI, Keeng o Scots, becam Keeng o Ingland in 1603 follaein the daith o Queen Elizabeth I.

The Kinrick o Great Breetain wis follaed by the Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Ireland in 1801 whan the Kinrick o Ireland wis absorbed wi the enactment o the Act o Union 1800 follaein the suppression o the Irish Rebellion o 1798.

## Monarchs
* Anne (1707–1714), previously Queen o Ingland, Queen o Scotland, an Queen o Ireland sin 1702.
* George I (1714–1727)
* George II (1727–1760)
* George III (1760–1801), continued as King o the Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Ireland til 1820.

## See Forby

* Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland

## References
Pechts leid

**Pechtish** (Scots Gaelic: *Cruithnis*) is a term uised for the extinct leid or leids thocht tae hae been spaken by the Pechts, the fowk o northren an central Scotland in the Early Middle Ages. Pechtish is thocht tae hae been a Brythonic, Celtic leid. 

The Pechts wis in whit is nou Scotland lang afore the Scots or Scotland, an acause o this Scots Gaelic haes some o thair tongue in it. Wirds the likes o "Pit" (fermtoun) an "Aber" (Gub o a muckle river) gies us a keek at whit the aulder leid o Scotland. Aber is niver foond in the Erse but are in the Welsh, Cornish an Breton forby.

This Pechtish leid wis a gey close kin o the Welsh an the aulder forebeirs o fowk in Scotland wis kent by maist as the Pechts an afore them wis the real "Aulder Kindred" the Creenie. Aw thae Celties an Widkerns that haedna been brocht inta the Roman Empire wis gien the Laitin name "populi picti" (pentit fowk) an this is whaur *Pict* comes frae.

There wis Britanni (in Laitin) or mair like "Pretani" that micht coud be unerstuid bi ony modren body wi the Welsh Leid an mair o mair import they warna "tame" they bade ootwi the waws baith Hadrian's an the Antonine. Tae the Romans they war a richt pain, but the mercators troked an the raidin gaen on athort the waws. In aulder times afore the Romans the tribes or clans of the "Pretani" frae the Sooth o England tae the Nor' end o Scotland wis kith an kin an shared a cultur an leid. The Romans wi their Empire chynged aw that.

It disnae maiter syne the auld Welsh o Scotland wis a form of P-Celtic an samples o it bides yet in place names sic as Ecclefechan (Eglwys fechan or the "Kirk o the Yunkers"). Mony a place in Scotland still hauds bitties o the auld leid an gies us the clue that Arthur an Merlin micht just hae been in Camelot close forenenst Fawkirk or, Eglwys Brych tae gie its aulder name.
Byleid

A **byleid**, whiles cryed a **dialect** an aa, is a variety o a leid. It is the name gien tae a variety o spaek that isna conseidert tae differ eneuch frae the "staundart" variety o a leid for tae be cryed a leid o its ain.

Hou muckle differs there maun be afore a dialect becomes a leid is gey subjective an aften lippens on poleitical conseiderations (the debate ower whither Scots is a leid o its ain or juist a dialect o Inglis is a prime exemplar). This gies rise tae the saw that "a leid is juist a dialect wi an airmy an a navy" — that is, ae variety o langage is mair like tae be cryed a *leid* gin it's spak in an unthirlt kintra, an mair like tae be cryed a *dialect* gin it's spak in ae region o a lairger kintra.

Acause o this difeiculty, monie linguists disna like tae uise the terms "leid" an "dialect", an wad liefer talk anent "varieties o langage" juist.

## See an aw
*Anglo-Cornish
*Bungee leid
*Glaswegian
*Hieland Inglis
*Northumbrie byleid
*Yorkshire byleid

## References
Indwallers density

**Indwaller density** is the average amoont o indwallers athin a square kilometre or mile athort ony gien area (for ordinar the hail kintra).
Coonty

A **coonty** or **coontie** is an admeinistrative unit. A coonty inhauds monie ceities an touns.

## See an aw
* Scots coonties
* State
* Kintra
Bundestag

The **Bundestag** ("Federal Diet" or "Lower Hoose o German Pairlament") is the pairlament o Germany. It wis establisht wi Germany's consteetution o 1949 an is the successor o the earlier *[[Reichstag]]*. The current Presses o the Bundestag is Bärbel Bas.

The'r at least 598 Commissioners tae the German Bundestag (MDB - Member o Bundestag) the nou. MDBs is waled bi a seestem o proportional representation - the Addeetional Member Seestem (AMS) like the Scots Pairlament. 299 Commisioners is waled in individual constituencies, an 299 or mair is waled frae regional pairtie leets.

Efter the elections o September 2021, the'r 736 Commissioners, an the strenth o the pairties in the Pairlament is:

* Social-Democrats Pairty of Germany (SPD) (Labour) - 206 Commissioners
* Christian Democrats Pairty of Germany (CDU) (Conservative) - 152 Commissioners
* Christian Social Pairty of Bavaria (CSU) (Conservative) - 45 Commissioners
* Alliance '90/Green Pairty (B90/Grüne) - 118 Commissioners
* Leiberal Democrats Pairty of Germany (FDP) - 92 Commissioners
* Alternative for Germany (AfD) - 81 Commissioners
* Left Pairty (Socialistic) - 39 Commissioners
* Independents - 3 Commissioners

## Fremmit Airtins
* Offeecial wabsteid (Inglis, French or German)
Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Ireland

The **Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Ireland** wis the formal name o the Unitit Kinrick frae 1 Januar 1801 til 12 Aprile 1927. It wis shapit by the jynin thegither o the Kinrick o Great Breetain (itsel haein been a jynin o the Kinricks o Ingland an Scotland) an the Kinrick o Ireland.

Follaein Erse independence on 6 December 1922, whan the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty cam intae effect, the name conteenued in offeecial uise til it was chynged tae the Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland by the Ryal an Pairlamentary Teetles Act o 1927. The pairt o the island o Ireland that seceded frae the Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Ireland in 1922 the day maks up the Republic o Ireland.

## Leet o monarchs
Tho the Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Ireland cam tae an end in 1922, the monarch conteenued tae uise the teetle o *Keeng* or *Queen o the Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Ireland* til 1927. Then, unner the Ryal an Pairlamentary Teetles Act 1927, new teetles war introduced for the Breetish monarch so that he wad ring as Keeng o the Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland, in the Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland, an Keeng o Ireland, in the Irish Free State. 

* George III (1801–1820) (monarch frae 1760)
* George IV (1820–1830) 
* William IV (1830–1837)
* Victoria (1837–1901)
* Edward VII (1901–1910) 
* George V (1910–1922) (teetle uised til 1927)

## See forby
* History o Ireland
* History o the Unitit Kinrick
Catalonie

**Catalonie** (; ; ), is an autonomous commonty in the Kinrick o Spainie. The Autonomous Commonty o Catalonie haes an aurie o 32,114&nbsp;km² wi an offeecial population o 7,210,508  o whilk immigrants mak up an estimatit 12.3% o the hail population. It mairches Fraunce an Andorrae tae the north, Aragon tae the wast, the Valencie Commonty tae the sooth, an the Mediterranean Sea tae the east (580&nbsp;km coastline). Offeecial leids is Catalan, Spaingie, an Aranese.

The caipital ceety is Barcelona. Catalonie is dividit intae fower provinces: Barcelona, Girona, Lleida, an Tarragona. Its territory corresponds tae maist o the historical territory o the umwhile Principality o Catalonie.

## Notes
Sunderland

**Sunderland** (cried *Sunlun* in the local Mackem byleid) is a ceety in Nor-East Ingland.

In 2001, there wis aboot 290,000 indwallers in the ceety. It's the maist muckle steid in the 150-mile span atween Edinburgh an Leeds.

Fowk frae Sunderland is kent as Mackems.

## References
Mackem

**Mackem** can refer to:
*The fowk o Sunderland, kent as **mackems**
*The accent an byleid o Sunderland (see Modren Northumbrie byleid)
Licht

**Licht** is a form o energy. Onythin wi a temperatur abuin absolute zero emits (gies aff) licht. Licht is cried "electromagnetic radiation" an aw. Licht is makkit up o tottie particles cried photons.

Licht muives at the speed o licht, aboot 300,000&nbsp;km, or aboot 186,000 mile, per seicont. This means it taks aboot 1.2 seicont for licht tae reach the Yird frae the Muin.

Licht muives in a straucht line, binna thare's a gravitational field naurhaund, makkin shaidaes whan the peth o licht is ditit. Mair solit things will hae a daurker shaidae, things that are mair clear hae a lichter shaidae, an transparent things willna hae ane or hae a gey wee shaidae.

Wir een react tae licht; whan we see somethin we see the licht it reflects, or the licht it emits. For ensaumple, a laump gies aff licht, an awthing ense in the same room as the laump reflects its licht.
Hesse

**Hesse** (German: *Hessen*) is a federal state in the mids o Germany wi 6 million fowk. Its caipital ceity is Wiesbaden wi 275,482 fowk. The lairgest ceity is Frankfurt wi 667,589 fowk. 
The first meenister is Volker Bouffier (conservative).

## Photos

Image:Wilhelmshoehe_-_Herkules_mit_Kaskaden.jpg|Kassel
Image:Flößerbrücke-mit-skyline001.jpg|Frankfurt
Image:Wiesbaden Hessische Landtag.jpg|Wiesbaden
Image:Wetzlarskyline.jpg|Wetzlar
Image:Darmstadt-Mathildenhoehe mit Hochzeitsturm 2005-05-08a.jpg|Darmstadt
Image:Wiesbaden hessisches staatstheater 1.jpg|Wiesbaden
Image:Hanau Bruder Grimm.jpg|Hanau


## References


## Freemit airtins
Wiesbaden

**Wiesbaden** is the caipital o the federal kintra Hesse in Germany, wi mair nor 275,000 indwallers. 

## Internaitional relations

Wiesbaden is twinned wi:

*  Fondettes, Fraunce
*  Ghent, Belgium
*  Kfar Sava, Israel
*  Klagenfurt, Austrick
*  Ljubljana, Slovenie
*  Montreux, Swisserland
*  Ocotal, Nicaragua
*  San Sebastián, Spain
*  Royal Tunbridge Wells, Unitit Kinrick
*  Wrocław, Poland *(syne 1987)*
Tattie-bogle

A **tattie-bogle** (whiles cried a **tattie-boodie** or **craw-bogle**) is a device, traditionally a human figure dressed in auld claes, or mannequin, that is uised tae discourage birds sic as craws frae disturbin craps. No anerly dae craws eat the recently cast seed, but they gaither nichtly an aw, stairtin wi groups o a hauf dizzen that then jyn thegither tae form a group o 20 tae 30 an so on till the flock is raither lairge an noisy. It is thair prattick tae return tae the ae place ilka nicht.

## References
Airn Age

In airchaeology, the **Airn Age** (or **Airn Eild**) wis the stage in the oncome o ony fowk that's tuils an wappens main ingredient wis airn wis foremaist. The adoption o this material coincided wi ither chynges in some past societies aften includin differin aigricultural pratticks, religious beliefs an airtistic styles, awtho this wisna aye the case.

The Airn Age is the last principal period in the three-age seestem for tae clessifee pre-historic societies, comin afore the Bronze Age an efter the Stane Age. Its date an context varies dependin on the kintra or geographical region.

### Britain
Airn-wirkin emergit in Britain aroon 800 BC. This happened cause bronze's heid ingredients ae capper and tin were in short supply, whereas airn is foond all oer the shop. The collapse ae the Bronze Age saw the collapse ae the elitist trading networks, as local fowk could jist uise their ain local supplies of airn. Indeed, Bronze Age heidbummers may hae deliberately tried tae suppress the new technologie on account of its socioeconomic impacts.

The Airn Age wis followed by the Norse/Viking Age, the Roman Age and the Early Medieval in different perts ae the kintra.
Breeks

**Breeks** or **troosers** (Whiles **[[trews]]** whan they are tartan) are an item o claes worn on the nether pairt o the body, kiverin baith shanks separately (raither nor wi cloth stretchin athort baith as in skirts an dresses). Tradeetionally, as for the Wast, breeks hae been the staundart nether-body claes item for males sin the 16t century; by the late 20t century, they haed becam extremely prevalent for wummen an aw. Breeks are worn at the hips or waist, an may be haudden up by thair ain fastenins, a belt, or braces. Leggins are form-fittin breeks o a clingy material, aften knitted cotton an lycra.
Brig

A **brig** is a structure biggit tae span a gorge, glen, gate, railwey track, river, body o watter, or ony ither pheesical obstacle. Designs o brigs will vary dependin on the function o the brig an the naitur o the terrain whaur the brig is tae be biggit.
Nicht

**Nicht** or **nichttime** is the period o time whan the sun is ablow the easins. The opposite o nicht is day (or "daytime" tae distinguish it frae "day" as uised for a 24-hoor period). Time o day varies based on factors sic as saison, latitude, longitude an timezone.
Lade

A **lade** is a burn or canal that turns the wheel o a wattermill. Mony places nou-a-days still hae "lade" in thair name lang efter ony wattermill or e'en the lade itsel is gaun.

## See Forby

*Wattermill
*Windmill
Manchester

**Manchester** ("Mahnchestur") is a ceety an metropolitan borough o Greater Manchester, in nor-wast Ingland. Mair nor 452,000 fowk bide in the ceety, but 2,240,230 bides in the surroondin area.

The ceety haes a lang history, datin back tae the Roman era.

The rowth o cotton in Great Breetain led tae Manchester becomin an industrial ceety. The Manchester Ship Canal alloued ships tae muive faurther up tae the ceety in the 18t century. Cotton factories an textile mills becam employers o monie fowk in Manchester an the local airt.

Manchester's main sport is nae dout fitbaw as the ceety is hame tae Ingland's twa maist muckle fitbaw teams Manchester United an Manchester City. United play thair hame gemmes at Auld Trafford in Greater Manchester, the maist muckle fitbaw stadium in the Unitit Kinrick. Thay war the maist succesfu Inglis fitbaw team syne the beginin o the Inglis Premiership. Syne the Premiership began thay hiv wan the 8 League teetles.

## References
Greater Manchester

**Greater Manchester** is a coonty in nor-wast Ingland, mairchin Lancashire tae the north, Wast Yorkshire tae the aest, Cheshire tae the sooth, an Merseyside tae the wast. Greater Manchester conteens the twa ceity o Manchester an Salford, an aicht burgh/toun o Bolton, Bury, Oldham, Rochdale, Stockport, Tameside, Trafford an Wigan.
Oldham

**Oldham** is a toun in the coonty o Greater Manchester, nor-wast Ingland. It is aboot sieven mile nor-aest o the mids o Manchester, aboon the Pennines, an as o 2001 haes 103,544 indwallers.

Oldham wis pairt o Lancashire.
Auld-world whitrat

The **Whitrat** or **wheasel** o the genus *Mustela*, is a smaw carnivore.

The name is whiles gien the foumart or stoat-wheasel.
Stoat-wheasel

The **stoat-wheasel** or Scots ermine (*Mustela erminea*) is a wee mammal o the faimily *Mustelidae*. Aften uised as a moose-catcher.

## References
Foumart

The **foumart** (*Mustela putorius*) haes daurk broun bouk wi a licht strip ower the een, a fauch yellae wame, a lang tail an cutty shanks.

The name is whiles gien the hamelt craitur *Mustela furo* that for ordinar haes broun, black, white, or spreckelt  fur, and the whitrat.
Sciurus vulgaris

The **ferret** (*Sciurus vulgaris*), kent as a **con** or **squirrel** an aw, is a tree-dwallin omnivorous rodent that's common oot-throu Eurasie. In Great Breetain, housomeiver, nummers haes dwined, in pairt doun tae the inbringin o the gray ferrets frae North Americae an in pairt tae management o its widland haunts.
Mairtin

*For the bird, kent forby as the windae swallae, see [[mairtin (bird)|mairtin]].*

The **mairtin** or mertrick (*Martes martes*) haes the bouk o a ferm cat. Their fur is for ordinar licht tae daurk broun an growes langer an mair sleekit in the winter. They hae a cream tae yellae colourt merkin aboot the thrapple. Mairtins for ordinar bides in the wids.
Wildcat

The **wildcat** (*Felis silvestris*), aften soondit *wullcat* or e'en *wullkie*, eats wee mammals, birds, an ither craiturs o a seemilar bouk.
Its is sib tae the hoose cat *Felis silvestris catus*.

## References
Cleg

Insects in the order Diptera, faimily **Tabanidae**, are for ordinar cried **clegs**. Aften conseedered pests for the bites that mony inflict, thay are amang the warld's mucklest true flees. Thay are kent tae be verra noisy durin flicht. Thay are important pollinators o flouers an aw, especially in Sooth Africae. Tabanids occur athort the warld, cept at extreme northren an soothren latitudes. Clegs micht can be as smaw as a hooseflee or as muckle as a bum-bee.

## References