Dushanbe

**Dushanbe** (, *Dushanbe*; **Dyushambe** till 1929, **Stalinabad** till 1961), population 679,400 fowk (2008 est.), is the caipital an lairgest ceety o Tajikistan. Dushanbe means "Monday" in Tajik, an the name reflects the fact that the ceety grew on the site o a veelage that oreeginally wis a popular Monday marketplace.

## History
Situatit on the confluence o twa rivers, Varzob an Kofarnihon, Dushanbe(دوشنبه) is the caipital o Tajikistan. Awtho archaeological remnants datin tae the 5t century BC hae been discovered in the aurie, thare is little tae suggest that Dushanbe wis mair nor a smaa veelage till aroond 80 years ago. In 1920, the last Emir o Bukhara briefly tuik refuge in Dushanbe (then cawed Dyushambe) efter bein owerthrown bi the Bolshevik revolution. He fled tae Afghanistan efter the Red Airmy conquered the aurie the next year.

Dushanbe, that means "Monanday" in Persian,فارسی, developt on the site o a Monday marketplace veelage, Dyushambe-Bozor, an its umwhile name Dyushambe wis a Roussified version o the wird meanin "Monday" in Persian (*du-shanbe* frae *du* twa + *shanbe* Seturday, lit. "seicont day efter Seturday").  Follaein the Reid Airmy victory in Central Asie the veelage wis upgradit tae toun in 1925 an made the caipital o the newly creatit Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Tajik ASSR). Efter the transformation o Tajik ASSR tae Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic (Tajik SSR) in 1929, Dyushambe wis renamed Stalinabad, efter Joseph Stalin. As pairt o Nikita Khrushchev's de-Stalinization initiative, the ceety wis renamed Dushanbe in 1961.

The Soviets transformed the aurie intae a centre for cotton an silk production, an relocatit tens o thoosans o fowk tae the ceety frae aroond the Soviet Union. The population an aa increased wi thoosans o ethnic Tajiks migratin tae Tajikistan follaein the transfer o Bukhara an Samarkand tae the Uzbek SSR. A peaceful an relatively prosperous ceety unner Soviet rule, Dushanbe wis home tae a varsity an the Tajik Academy of Sciences. Severe riotin occurred in Februar 1990, efter it wis rumored that Moscow planned tae relocatit tens o thoosans o Armenian refugees tae Tajikistan. Dushanbe riots wur primarily fueled bi concerns aboot hoosin shortages for the Tajik population, but thay coincidit wi a wave o naitionalist unrest that swept Transcaucasie an ither Central Asian states during the twilicht o Gorbachev's era.
The ceety wis badly damaged as a result o the Ceevil War in Tajikistan (1992–1997) that sprang up in the naition shortly efter its unthirldom. Houever resurgences in the Tajik economy hae transformed Dushanbe intae a rapidly graein commercial, cultural an industrial centre. Mony multi-story apartment an office buildings wur constructit an the ceety wis bonnified during this period. Monuments an statues commemoratin the ceety's Persian an Iranian past wur erectit.

## Demographics
Dusanbe is currently made up o: 83.4% Tajiks, 9.1% Uzbeks, 5.1% Roushies, 2.4% ither.


File:Mosque in Dushanbe Tajikistan.jpg|Mosque in Dushanbe
File:Orthodox church in Dushanbe.jpg|Orthodox kirk in Dushanbe


## Destricts

Dushanbe is dividit intae the follaein destricts:


 Abu Ali Ibn Sina
 Firdawsi
 Ismail Somoni
 Shokhmansur


## Climate
Despite the fact that it is locatit several hunders o miles away frae ony lairge body o watter, Dushanbe features a Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa). The simmers are het an dry an the winters are chilly, but no cauld. The climate is damper than ither Central Asian caipitals, wi an average annual rainfall well ower  but is still hichtlie continental an haes the het, dry simmers teepical o the region. Winters are no as cauld as further north awin tae the shieldin o the ceety bi moontain frae extremely cauld air frae Siberie.

## Economy

Coal, lead, an arsenic are mined nearbi in the ceeties o Nurek an Kulob allouin for the industrialization o Dushanbe. The Nurek Dam, the warld's hichtest as o 2010, generates 95% of Tajikistan's electricity, an anither dam, the Roghun Dam, is planned on the Vakhsh River. A leadin cotton textile centre, Dushanbe an aa produces silk, machinery, electrical appliances, clothin, laither guids, tractor pairts, an foodstuffs. The ceety o Dushanbe is nou hame tae a nummer o modern telecommunications, aeronautic an ither business corporations addin vitality tae its economy. Tourism an ecotourism tae the Dushanbe region is a component o the ceety's service industry, which includes shoppin centers, cafes, restaurants, an hotels. Museums an theatres add a cultural element tae the economy.

## Buildings an attractions

* Dushanbe Airport
* Haji Yakoub Mosque
* Dushanbe Synagogue (destroyed in simmer 2008)
* Museum of Ethnography
* Tajikistan National Museum (Tajik Unified Museum)
* Naitional Museum o Antiquities o Tajikistan
* Vahdat Palace
* Palace of Nations
* Dushanbe Zoo
* Botanical Garden
* Dushanbe Opera
* Dushanbe Circus
* Gurminj Museum of Muisical Instruments (Gurminj Museum)

## Education
Mony o the maist important varsities an institutes are based in Dushanbe:
* Tajik State Naitional University
* Tajikistan Humanitarian Internaitional University
* Agricultural University of Tajikistan
* Tajik State Medical University
* Tajik State Pedagogical University
* Tajik State University o Commerce
* Tajik University o Law, Business an Politics
* Tajik-Roushie Slavic University
* Tajikistan University o Technology
* Tajikistan-Roushie Modern University
* Technical University o Tajikistan

## Transport
The ceety is served bi Dushanbe Airport.

## Sister ceeties

Currently, Dushanbe haes 14 sister ceeties.
*  Lusaka, Zambie (1966)
*  Sana'a, Yemen (25 Juin 1967)
*  Monastir, Tunisie (24 November 1967)
*  Klagenfurt, Austrick (1972)
*  Lahore, Pakistan (15 September 1976)
*  Boulder, USA (8 Mey 1987)
*  Mazar-i-Sharif, Afghanistan (13 Julie 1991)
*  Reutlingen, Germany (5 October 1991)
*  Saunt Petersburg, Roushie (6 October 1991)
*  Shiraz, Iran (16 Februar 1992)
*  Minsk, Belaroushie (21 Julid 1998)
*  Ürümqi, Cheenae (10 September 1999)
*  Tehran, Iran (12 Mairch 2001)
*  Ankara, Turkey (11 December 2003)

## Notes

## External links

* Dushanbe pictures through eyes o wastrener
* Dushanbe street map
* Encyclopedia Iranica airticle on Dushanbe 
* Dushanbe on wikimapia
* Tajik Web Gateway 
* Dushanbe Ceety Coat o Airms 
* Boulder-Dushanbe Sister Ceeties
* Steam Locomotive in a Dushanbe Pairk near the main railway station