Ulyanovsk

**Ulyanovsk** (, umwhile **Simbirsk** (), is a ceety an the admeenistrative center o Ulyanovsk Oblast, Roushie, locatit on the Volga River  east frae Moscow. Population: 

The ceety is the birthplace o Vladimir Lenin (oreeginally cried Ulyanov), efter wham it is cried.

## History
Simbirsk wis foondit in 1648 bi the boyar Bogdan Khitrovo. The fort o "Simbirsk" (alternatively "Sinbirsk") wis strategically biggit on a hill on the Wastren bank o the Volga River. The fort wis ettled tae proteck the eastren frontier o the Roushie Empire frae the nomadic tribes an tae establish a permanent Imperial presence in the aurie.

In 1668, Simbirsk tholed a month-lang siege bi a 20,000-strang airmy led bi rebel Cossack commander Stenka Razin. Forby, anither kintra rebel, Yemelyan Pugachev, wis impreesoned in Simbirsk afore execution. At the time Simbirsk haed a widden kremlin, that wis destroyed bi a fire in the 18t century.

As the eastren mairch o the Roushie Empire wis rapidly pushed intae Siberie, Simbirsk rapidly lost its strategic importance, but nanetheless began tae develop intae an important regional center. Simbirsk wis designatit a ceety in 1796.

In the simmer o 1864 Simbirsk wis severely damagit bi fire; housomeivver, the ceety wis quick rebiggit an continued tae grow. The Holy Trinity Cathedral wis constructit in a restrained Neoclassical style atween 1827–1841. The population o Simbirsk reached 26,000 bi 1856 an 43,000 bi 1897.

In 1924, the ceety wis cried Ulyanovsk in honour o Vladimir Ulyanov, better kent as Lenin, that wis born in Simbirsk in 1870.  Twa ither Roushie poleetical leaders, Alexander Kerensky an Alexander Protopopov, wur born in Simbirsk an aw.

The construction o the Kuybyshev hydroelectric plant (completit in 1957) 200&nbsp;km dounstream o Ulyanovsk resultit in the fluidin o significant tracts o land baith north an sooth o Ulyanovsk an increasin the width o the Volga bi up tae 35&nbsp;km in some places. Tae this day, some populatit neighborheids o Ulyanovsk remain weel belaw the level o the reservoir, protectit frae fluidin bi a dam: it is estimatit that its catastrophic failur wad submerge pairts o the ceety comprisin aroond 5% o its tot population wi as hintle as 10 m o watter.

In the Soviet period Ulyanovsk wis an important tourist centre, drawin visitors frae aroond the Soviet Union acause o its revolutionary importance.

A major series o explosions happened at an airms depot o the Roushie military near Ulyanovsk on 13 November 2009. At least twa fowk wur killed in the explosion an 43 wur rescued frae a bomb shelter whaur thay haed taen refuge.

A heat-wave in the ceety in Julie–August 2010 caused the deiths o 300 persons.

## Demographics
*Births (2008): 6,774
*Daiths (2008): 8,054

### Ethnic composition
*Roushies: 75%
*Tatars: 12%
*Chuvash: 8%
*Mordvins: 3%
*Ithers: 2%

## Climate
Ulyanovsk haes a humid continental climate (meanin het simmers an cauld winters). Average temperatur is -11&nbsp;°C (11&nbsp;°F) in Januar, 19&nbsp;°C (66&nbsp;°F) in Julie. Hairsts are generally warm, wi snaw beginnin tae accumulate bi the middle o November. Winters tend tae be cauld but wi moderate amoonts o snawfaw, nichttime laws occasionally dippin belaw -25&nbsp;°C (-13&nbsp;°F). Simmer wather arrives in the middle o Mey. Precipitation averages aboot 480 millimetres annually. The ceety is subject tae frequent, but moderate, drochts. Ware an simmer are sunny, but Hairst an Winter are uisually cloudy. Median annual temperatur is 5&nbsp;°C (42&nbsp;°F). Ulyanovsk is locatit in the Moscow time zone (UTC+3).

## Economy

Ulyanovsk is a significant industrial ceety. The UAZ automobile manufacturin plant, Aviastar-SP Aircraft Company an UMZ are based in the ceety alang wi a variety o licht industry an fuid-processin enterprises.

Tourism is a growin business in the ceety an the surroondin aurie.

The 31st Airborne Brigade o the Roushie Airborne Troops o the airmit forces is based in Ulyanovsk. An ammunition depot on the ootskirts o the ceety wis the scene o a lairge fatal fire on 13 November 2009.

## Transport
A railwey brig athort the Volga wis biggit in 1912–1916 an twa automobile lanes wur addit tae it in 1953–1958,
allouin for the ceety tae expand on the Eastren (left) bank o the river an transformin it intae a local transport hub.

As the agin Ulyanovsk brig, the anerlie crossin o the Volga in the 400&nbsp;km stretch frae Kazan tae Tolyatti, coud nae langer cope wi the growin needs o the ceety, the construction o New Ulyanovsk Brig, a truss brig began in the late 1980s. Completion wis delayed significantly due tae catastrophic economic circumstances follaein the collapse o the Soviet Union. Its offeecial openin ceremony wis on 24 November 2009 bi the Roushie Preses Dmitry Medvedev - awtho traffeck wis uisin the brig a few days earlier due arms depot blasts.  The brig haes a tot lenth o 5.5&nbsp;km, makkin it ane o the langest in Europe.

The ceety is dividit bi the river Sviyaga, a tributary o the Volga whase confluence wi it is aboot 200&nbsp;km north o the ceety. Th three brigs cross the Sviyaga are in a puir condeetion, but are bein closed an renovatit frae 2010 onwards.

Local transport in the ceety is providit bi 17 tram lines, 7 trolleybus routes, 50 municipal bus routes an aroond 150 minibus services.

Ulyanovsk is servit bi Ulyanovsk Vostochny Airport an Ulyanovsk Baratayevka Airport (Ulyanovsk Central Airport).

## Education
*Ulyanovsk State Technical University, established in 1957 as Ulyanovsk Polytech University. The day Ulyanovsk State Technical University featurs ower 14000 students on different eddication programs at 10 faculties an 48 depairtments.
*Ulyanovsk State University, established in 1988 as a branch o Moscow State University. At the present time, UlSU is ane o the lairgest heicher educational institutions in the Volga region, comprisin 6 institutes, 6 independent faculties, 2 affiliates, 5 junior colleges, 6 lairnin centres. UlSU enrolls aboot 15 thoosan students annually, amang them 125 foreign ceetizens frae 20 kintras o the warld.
*Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University

Thare is a nummer o technical an medical colleges in Ulyanovsk an aw.

## Airchitectur

Durin the Soviet period, Ulyanovsk lost hintle o its historical heritage. Aw traces o the oreeginal widden fort are gane, as are aw the kirks o auld Simbirsk; anerlie a few 19t century biggins remain in the ceety, maist notably the hooses whaur Lenin lived atween 1870–1887. The reconstruction o the Cathedral o the Holy Trinity wis considered, but haes syne been canceled. Housomeivver, historical constructions hae remained mony. Amang them the hoose in whilk writer Goncharov wis born, Protestant kirk an ither biggins.

## Sports
Volga plays in the heichest diveesion o the Roushie Bandy League. The ither club Simbirsk plays in the 2nt diveesion.

FC Volga plays in "Urals-Volga" zone o the Roushie Seicont Diveesion.

## Notable fowk

*Vladimir Lenin
*Ilya Ulyanov
*Ivan Goncharov
*Alexander Pushkin
*Nikolay Karamzin
*Andrey Sakharov
*Alexander Kerensky
*Pyotr Chardynin (1873–1934), Roushie film director
*Yusuf Akçura (1876–1935), Turkis nationalist
*Ludmila Belousova, Roushie feegur skeitcher.
*Raphael Zon

## Gallery

File:Chirch_Gem09.jpg|The Lutheran kirk
File:Jam_5672.jpg|A view o Kirov street
File:Church_233.jpg|The Aw-saints Kirk
File:Памятник Победы.jpg|The Victory monument
File:Church_22.jpg|The Simbirsk Orthodox Brotherhood
File:Church_89.jpg|The Simbirsk Orthodox Brotherhood
File:TEC_059.jpg|The ceety's Gas-fired power plant
File:Mosque_0005.jpg|A mosque in the New toun


## Twin touns/sister ceeties

Ulyanovsk is twinned wi:
* Krefeld, Germany
* Trabzon, Turkey
* Oklahoma Ceety, Unitit States
* Shenzhen, Cheenae
* Saransk, Roushie
* Zhukovsky, Roushie

## Notes

## Freemit airtins

*Ulyanovsk Info in Inglis 
*Ulyanovsk Ceety Portal 
*The history o Simbirsk  
*High resolution satellite photos of Ulyanovsk