Hanoi

**Hanoi** () , estimatit population nearly 6.5 million (2009), is the caipital an seicont-lairgest ceety o Vietnam. Frae 1010 till 1802, it wis the maist important poleetical centre o Vietnam. It wis eclipsed bi Huế durin the Nguyễn Dynasty as the caipital o Vietnam, but Hanoi servit as the caipital o French Indocheenae frae 1902 tae 1954. Frae 1954 tae 1976, it wis the caipital o North Vietnam.

The ceety is locatit on the richt bank o the Red River. Hanoi is locatit at 1,760&nbsp;km (1,090&nbsp;mi) north o Ho Chi Minh Ceety.

## History

### Pre-history
Hanoi haes been inhabitit syne at least 3000 BC. Ane o the first kent permanent dounsets is the Co Loa citadel foondit aroond 200 BC.

Hanoi haes haed mony names throughoot history, aw o thaim o Sino-Vietnamese oreegin. Durin the Cheenese domination o Vietnam, it wis kent first as **Long Biên**, than **Tống Bình** (, *Sòngpíng*, "Song Peace") an **Long Đỗ** (, *Lóngdù*, "Dragonbelly"). In 866, it wis turned intae a citadel an namit **Đại La** (, *Dàluó*, "Big Net").

### Thăng Long, Đông Đô, Đông Quan, Đông Kinh
In 1010, Ly Thai To, the first ruler o the Lý Dynasty, muivit the caipital o Đại Việt tae the steid o the Đại La Citadel. Claimin tae hae seen a draigon ascendin the Reid River, he renamit the site **Thăng Long** (, "Risin Dragon") - a name still uised poetically tae this day. Thăng Long remained the caipital o Đại Việt till 1397, when it wis muivit tae Thanh Hóa, than kent as Tây Đô (), the "Wastren Caipital". Thăng Long than became **Đông Đô** (), the "Eastren Caipital."

In 1408, the Cheenese Ming Dynasty attackit an occupee'd Vietnam, chyngin Đông Đô's name tae "Eastren Gatewa" (, *Dōngguān*), **Đông Quan** in Vietnamese. In 1428, the Vietnamese owerthrew the Cheenese unner the leadership o Lê Lợi, whae later foondit the Lê Dynasty an renamed Đông Quan **Đông Kinh** (, "Eastren Caipital") or Tonkin. Richt efter the end o the Tây Sơn Dynasty, it wis namit **Bắc Thành** (, "Northren Citadel").

### Durin Nguyễn Dynasty an French colonial era
In 1802, when the Nguyễn Dynasty wis established an muivit the caipital tae Huế, the auld name Thăng Long wis modifee'd tae acome **Thăng Long** (, "Ascendin & Flourishin"). In 1831, the Nguyễn emperor Minh Mạng renamit it Hà Nội (, "Atween Rivers" or "River Interior"). Hanoi wis occupee'd bi the French in 1873 an passed tae thaim ten year later. As **Hanoï**, it became the caipital o French Indocheenae efter 1887.

### Durin twa wars
The ceety wis occupee'd bi the Japanese in 1940 an leeberatit in 1945, whan it briefly became the seat o the Viet Minh govrenment efter Ho Chi Minh proclaimit the unthirldom o Vietnam. Housomeivver, the French returned an reoccupee'd the ceety in 1946. Efter nine year o fechtin atween the French an Viet Minh forces, Hanoi became the caipital o an unthirlt North Vietnam in 1954.

Durin the Vietnam War, Hanoi's transportation facilities wur disruptit bi the bombin o brigs an railweys. Thir wur aw, housomeivver, promptly repaired. Follaein the end o the war, Hanoi became the caipital o a reunifee'd Vietnam whan North an Sooth Vietnam wur reunitit on 2 Julie 1976.

### Modren Hanoi
On 29 Mey 2008, it wis decidit that Ha Tay Province, Vĩnh Phúc's Mê Linh destrict an 4 communes o Lương Sơn Destrict, Hoa Binh be mergit intae the metropolitan aurie o Hanoi frae 1 August 2008. Hanoi's tot aurie than increased tae 334,470 hectares in 29 subdiveesions wi the new population bein 6,232,940., effectively triplin its size. The Hanoi Caipital Region (), a metropolitan aurie coverin Hanoi an 6 surroondin provinces unner its admeenistration, will hae a aurie o 13,436 square kilometres wi a population o 15 million bi 2020.

## Destricts

Hanoi is dividit intae 10 inner destricts, 1 toun an 18 ooter destricts. ( Hà Đông haes been transform tae an inner destrict, an Sơn Tây haes been degradit tae a toun)

## Internaitional relations
### Twin touns — Sister ceeties
Hanoi is twinned wi:

* Beijing, Cheenae
* Astana, Kazakhstan
* Hong Kong, Hong Kong
* Ankara, Turkey
* Warsaw, Poland
* Toulouse, Fraunce
* Fukuoka Prefectur, Japan
* Bangkok, Thailand
* Moscow, Roushie
* Manila, Philippines
* Angoulême, Fraunce
* Seoul, Sooth Korea
* Phnom Penh, Cambodia
* Jakarta, Indonesie
* Isfahan, Iran
* Montreal, Quebec, Canadae
* Victoria, Seychelles

## References