open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Rivne Oblast

**Rivne Oblast** (whiles an aw **Rovno Oblast**; , translit. *Rivnens’ka oblast’*; an aw referred tae as **[[Rivne Oblast#Nomenclatur|Rivnenshchyna]]** - **) is an oblast (province) o Ukraine.  Its admeenistrative center is Rivne. The aurie o the region is 20,100&nbsp;km²; its population (as o 2004-05-01) is 1.2 million. The Rivne Oblast wis creatit as pairt o the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic on 4 December 1939. A nuclear pouer plant is locatit in the oblast.

## Geography

File:Ukraine Oblast Riwne Rajon blank.png|Subdiveesions o Rivne Oblast


### Subdiveesions
The Rivne Oblast is admeenistratively subdividit intae 16 raions (destricts) as well as 4 ceeties (municipalities) which are directly subordinate tae the oblast govrenment: Dubno, Kuznetsovsk, Ostroh, an the admeenistrative centre o the oblast, Rivne.

## Demographics

Rivne is ane o the regions wi the heichest birth rate in aw o Ukraine. The hivy rural (aboot twa thirds o the population is rural) an ethnic Ukrainian (close tae 95%) composition o the population micht be responsible for this. Housomeivver the birth rate is no uniform athort Rivne, wi raions lik Ostroh haein extremely law birth rates (9.7 per 1000) an ither raions lik Rokytnivskyi haein extremely heich birth rates (24.0 per 1000).

### Vital Stats bi Raions

## Points o interest
The follaeing historic-cultural steids wur nominatit for the Seiven Wonders o Ukraine.
* Ostroh Castle
* Troitsk monastery (Korec)
* Dubno Castle

## Nomenclatur

Maist o Ukraine's oblasts are namit efter thair caipital ceeties, offeecially referred tae as "oblast centers" (, translit. *oblasnyi tsentr*). The name o each oblast is a relative adjective, formit bi addin a feminine suffix tae the name o respective centre ceety: *Rivne* is the centre o the *Rivnens’ka oblast’* (Rivne Oblast). Maist oblasts are an aw whiles referred tae in a feminine noun form, follaein the convention o traditional regional place names, endin wi the suffix "-shchyna", as is the case wi the Rivne Oblast, *Rivnenshchyna*.

## See an aw
* Subdiveesions o Ukraine
* - Wabsteid o Rivne 

## References
Joseph Cabibbo

**Joseph Cabibbo** (born 21 Mey 1974) is an American professional warstler, who is currently warstlin unner the ring name **Josef Samael**. He is a ane-time umwhile NWA World Heavyweight Champion an Pro Wrestling Zero1 World Heavyweight Champion.

## In warstlin
***Feenishin muives**
:*Camel clutch

***Signature muives**
:*Elbow drop
:*Hangman's neckbreaker
:*Hook clothesline

***[[Nickname]]s**
:*"The Iranian Assassin"
:*"The Madman From The Middle East"

***Managers**
:*Fabulous Frank
:*Joey Eastman

## Championships an accomplishments
***American Wrestling Federation**
:* AWF Tag Team Championship (1 time) - wi Shawn Murphy

***Coastal Championship Wrestling**
:* CCW South Eastern Championship (1 time)
:* CCW Tag Team Championship (2 times) - wi Shawn Murphy

***Florida Alliance Wrestling**
:* FWA Tag Team Championship (3 times) - wi Shawn Murphy

***Four Star Championship Wrestling**
:* FSCW Tag Team Championship (1 time) - wi Shawn Murphy

***[[Full Impact Pro]]**
:* FIP Tag Team Championship (1 time) - wi Shawn Murphy

***[[Future of Wrestling]]**
:* FOW Tag Team Championship (3 times) - wi Shawn Murphy
:* FOW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

***Intense Florida Wrestling**
:* IFW Tag Team Championship (2 times) - wi Shawn Murphy

***Maximum Xtreme Pro Wrestling**
:* MXPW Television Championship (1 time)
:* MXPW Tag Team Championship (1 time) - wi Shawn Murphy

***[[NWA Florida]]**
:*NWA Florida Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
:*NWA Florida Tag Team Championship (1 time) - wi Christopher Gray

***[[NWA Midwest]]**
:* NWA Midwest Heavyweight Championship (2 times)

***Pro Wrestling Fusion**
:* NWA North American Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
:* NWA World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

***[[Pro Wrestling Illustrated]]**
:*PWI rankit him #**103** o the 500 best singles warstlers o the PWI 500 in 2011

***[[Pro Wrestling Zero1]]**
:*Zero1 World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

***United States Xtreme Wrestling**
:* USXW Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Shawn Murphy

## References

## External links

* Sheik's Profile Cagematch
* Sheik's Myspace
* Sheik's Facebook
Abu Kamal

**Al-Bukamal** or **Al-Bu-Kamal** ( ,  or *Kışla*), referred tae as *Abu Kamal* an aw, is a ceety in eastren Sirie on the Euphrates River near the border wi Iraq. The Euphrates divides Al-Bukamal intae twa auries: Shamiyya (belonging tae the Levant) an Jazira (belonging tae Mesopotamie) Al-Jazira, a plains region foond on northeastren Sirie an northwestren Iraq, quite destinct frae the Sirie Desert an lawer-lyin central Mesopotamie. Al-Bukamal is an economically prosperous fermin region wi cattle-breedin, cereals, an cotton crops. It is hame tae the historical steid Dura-Europos an the auncient kinrick o Mari an aw.

## Etymology
Durin the Ottoman time, Al-Bukamal wis cried *kışla*, pronoonced locally as "qashla", which is a Turkis wird for "military barracks". This name "Qashla" is still uised bi some indwallers o the aurie, especially bi elderly villagers. The name "Al-Bukmal" (Arabic: البوكمال) means "the family of Kamal", Kamal bein the tribe that lives thare, whauras the name Abu Kamal means "the father of Kamal".

## History
During Roman times Al-Bukamal wis, as pairt of Mesopotamie, an important trading post atween the Roman Empire an Indie. Conquered bi Zenobia, it became pairt o the kinrick of Palmira.

During the early Islamic Empire, the admeenistration of Jazira wis efter shared wi that of Armenie. At the time of Mu'awiyah (govrenor of Sirie an the later founder o the Umayyad Caliphate), the admeenistration of al-Jazira wis included in theadministration of Sirie.

In the 17'th century, Abukamal wis the seat of an Ottoman sanjak in the Eyalet o Ar Ruha, modren Şanliurfa. It wis a kaza centre in Zor Mutasarrıflığı (Destrict o Zor), which centre wis Deir ez-Zor afore endin Ottoman rule in 1918.

France occupied Al-Bukamal thegither wi Deir ez-Zor in 1921 an made it the seat o a lairge garrison. In 1946 it became pairt of independent Sirie. The region's poseetion at the border of Sirie an Iraq, especially efter the US invasion of Iraq, haes made it an important commercial as well as poleetical center.

### American Attack

On Monday, 27 October 2008, fower US helicopters caried oot a raid on the vilage of Sukkariyeh in Al-Bukamal. It wis the first kent raid inside Sirie bi the US. News reports indicate that at least seiven fowk war killed, fower of them childer. Al-Bukamal is locatit near tae Qaim, a crossin pynt for the Iraqi insurgency an the location o Operation Steel Curtain in November, 2005.
The Sirie Foreign Meenister Walid Muallem statit that "Killing civilians in internaitional law means a terrorist aggression." 

## References

## Freemit airtins
*Abu Kamal
Al-Qa'im (toun)

**Al-Qa'im** (Arabic: القائم) is an Iraqi toun on the Euphrates River in Al Anbar Province, close tae the Sirie border.
Husaybah

**Husaybah** (Arabic: حسيبة) is an Iraqi ceety on the Euphrates river in the Anbar Province, close tae the Sirie border.
Tikrit

**Tikrit** (, *Tikrīt* transliteratit as *Takrit* or *Tekrit* an aw) is a toun in Iraq, locatit 140&nbsp;km northwast o Baghdad on the Tigris river (at 34.61°N, 43.68°E). The toun, wi an estimatit population in 2002 o aboot 260,000 is the admeenistrative centre o the Saladin Province.

## References
Dujail

**Dujail** (, Arabic: **الدجيل**; alternate spelling: **Ad Dujayl**) is a sma Shi'a toun in the Saladin Province. It is situatit aboot  north o Iraq's caipital, Baghdad, an haes approximately 10,000 indwallers. It is the steid o the 1982 Dujail Massacre.

## References
Ramadi

**Ramadi** (; BGN: **Ar Ramādī**) is a ceety in central Iraq, aboot  wast o Baghdad.  It is the caipital o the Anbar Province.
The ceety ootstretched tae a distance o mair nor 60 kilometers on the Euphrates, the lairgest ceety in Al-Anbar.

## Population
Ramadi's population haes been statit as 444,582 accordin tae UN data frae 2003. an 483,209 accordin tae UN frae 2004. Housomeivver, accordin tae the umwhile regime thare are aboot 700,000 indwallers.
Awtho thare wis a lairge Jewish community intae the twintiet century, in the 21st century aw o the indwallers o the ceety are Sunni Muslims frae the Dulaim tribe.

## History

Ramadi is locatit in a fertile, irrigatit, alluvial plain, athin Iraq's Sunni Triangle.
It wis foondit in 1869 unner the Ottoman Empire. The main purpose o the ceety wis tae gie the Ottomans a focal pynt tae communicate an control the Dulaim tribe o the region.

Durin the Mesopotamie Campaign o Warld War I, Breetish forces unner Lieutenant General Frederick Stanley Maude teuk Ramadi.  In November 1917, Breetish forces focht wha wis left o the Ottoman forces thare.  Sir Maude dee'd suin efter Ramadi wis taken.

Durin the Anglo-Iraqi War durin Warld War II, Ramadi wis held bi a brigade-sized unit lyal tae Rashid Ali al-Gaylani.

Ramadi wis a focal pynt o resistance tae the U.S. occupation o Iraq atween 2003 an 2006.

## See an aw
* Leet o places in Iraq
* Dulaim Tribe

## References

## Freemit airtins

* Iraq Image - Ramadi Satellite Observation
Kells (baund)

**Kells** is a symphonic nu metal baund frae Lyon, Fraunce. 

## History
Formit in 2001 bi vocalist Virginie Goncalves an keybuirdist Fabrice Desire. Syne then Frabrice haes left the baund while Julien Nicolas an Laurent Lesina wur addit as the baund's drummer an bassist respectively. They hae played at the Metal Female Voices Festival an hae been supportin airtists such as Epica  an Tarja. They hae released twa albums. Their first album, Gaia, wis producit bi AVFP Production an released in 2005, an their seicont album, Lueurs, wis producit bi Season of Mist an released in 2009. They are still wi the label an released their third album, Anachromie, which is wis released in 2012.

## Muisical style
Kells is a symphonic nu-metal baund. They draw influence frae nu-metal baunds like Korn, Deftones, an Limp Bizkit while addingsymphonic elements tae the muisic similar tae the anes uised bi Evanescence an Within Temptation. They hae collaboratit wi French metalcore baund Eths on multiple occasions. Eths' lead sangster Candice Clot wis brocht in as a guest vocalist for Kells' sang La sphère, frae Lueurs. Aw o Kells sangs are in French.

## Discography
### Studio albums
* Gaia (2005)
#*Epitaphe* - 1:36
#*Allant droit à l'envers* - 3:29
#*Halluciné* - 3:02
#*Gaïa* - 3:00
#*E-mobile* - 3:39
#*Miroir* - 3:33
#*A l'aube* - 3:26
#*L'ombre* - 3:35
#*Inerte* - 2:56
#*Etat d'arme* - 3:24
#*Le vide* - 4:26
* Lueurs (2009)
#*Réminiscences* - 1:18
#*Avant que tu...* - 3:53
#*La Sphère* - 3:09
#*Délivre-moi* - 3:38
#*In Utero* - 3:35
#*Merveilles* - 1:24
#*Mes rêves* - 3:48
#*Lueurs* - 3:15
#*Le Ciel* - 2:53
#*Ailleurs* - 3:06
#*Sans teint* - 3:36
#*Le Dictat du silence* - 3:59
#*Sur le fil* - 4:15
* Anachromie (2012)
# *Bleu*
# *Se Taire*
# *Illusion d'une Aire*
# *L'Heure que le Temps Va Figer*
# *L'Asphalte*
# *Emmurés*
# *Quelque Part*
# *Le Manège Déchanté*
# *Cristal*
# *Addictions*
# *L'Autre Rive*
# *Nuances*
# *L'Écho*
# *Furytale* (Inglis version o "Se Taire")
# *On My Fate* (Inglis version o "L'Heure que le Temps Va Figer")

## Members
### Current members
* Virginie Goncalves - vocals
* Patrick Garcia - guitar
* Laurent Lesina - bass
* Julien Nicolas - drums

### Former members
* Fabrice Desire - keybuirds (2001-2007)
* Guillaume Dagnaud - drums (2004-2007)
* Jeremie Vinet - bass (2004-2007)
* Jean Padovan - drums (2007-2010)

## References
Sum 41

**Sum 41** arr a Canadean punk band consistet o Deryck Whibley (lead vocals, rhithim guitar), Tom Thacker (lead guitar, backing vocals), Jason "Cone" McCaslin (bass guitar, backing vocals) an Steve Jocz (drums). They hae releast five albums: *All Killer No Filler* (2001), *Does This Look Infected?* (2002), *Chuck* (2004), *Underclass Hero* (2007) an *Screaming Bloody Murder* (2011). The nou, Sum 41 arr on a toor; they regularrli plae oer 300 times a year.
Duraykish

**Duraykish** () is a ceety in Sirie, in the Tartus Govrenorate, at a distance o aboot 32&nbsp;km east o Tartus. The name *Duraykish* stems frae Latin, an means "three caves". There is a spring near the sooth o the ceety; this watter is bottled an sauld unner the label "Dreikiche".

## References
*Syriatourism.org page about Duraykish
Bukhara

**Bukhara** (*Buxoro*; Tajik: Бухоро *Bukhoro*, Persie: بخارا; Roushie: Бухара *Bukhara*), frae the Soghdian *βuxārak* ("lucky place"), is the caipital o the Bukhara Province (viloyat) o Uzbekistan.  The naition's fift-lairgest ceety, it haes a population o 263,400 (2009 census estimate). The region aroond Bukhara haes been inhabitit for at least five millennia, an the ceety haes existit for hauf that time.  Locatit on the Silk Road, the ceety haes lang been a centre o tred, scholarship, cultur, an releegion. The historic centre o Bukhara, which contains numerous mosques an madrassas, haes been leetit bi UNESCO as a Warld Heritage Steid. Ethnic Uzbek mey constitute the lairgest element in Bukhara, wi the native Tajiks bein as numerous. The ceety lang haes haed a mixed population includin Jews an ither ethnic minorities.

## Sister ceeties
*  Samarqand, Uzbekistan
*  Dushanbe, Tajikistan
*  Khudjand, Tajikistan
*  Nishapur, Iran
* Santa Fe, USA
* Rueil-Malmaison, Fraunce
* Córdoba, Spain
* Malatya, Turkey
* Wast Kanpur, Indie

## References

## Freemit airtins

* UNESCO World Heritage list: Historic Centre of Bukhara
* Audio interview with Bukhara resident about life in Bukhara
Season of Mist

**Season of Mist** is a record label an record distributor wi subsidiaries in France an the Unitit States. The record label wis foondit in 1996 bi Michael S. Berberian in Marseille, Fraunce. Frae the stairt releasin black metal, pagan metal an daith metal records, the label muivit on tae releasin albums o avant-garde metal, gothic metal an punk baunds as well. Season of Mist is widely respectit as ane o the top labels in the extreme metal scene. The label haes twa offices, ane in Marseille, Fraunce an ane in Philadelphia, U.S..

Season of Mist haes a pairtnership wi EMI Music who distribute the label's releases in North Americae.

## Muisic
Frae the beginnin, Season of Mist focused on releasin mair extreme metal records bi stylistically diverse baunds like Oxiplegatz, Bethzaida an Kampfar. Wi the signin o Norse legends Mayhem in 1999 the label's profile clearly shiftit towards black metal an attractit internationally renouned airtists like Carpathian Forest, Rotting Christ, Arcturus an Solefald, wi the latter twa representin a marked progressive an avant-garde side tae Season of Mist.

While stayin close tae its black metal ruits wi the creation o the Season of Mist Underground Activists diveesion in 2007, the label widened its muisical range an addit tae its black, daith, doom (Saint Vitus) an thrash metal roster baunds playin progressive daith metal (Morbid Angel, Cynic, Atheist, Gnostic, Gonin-ish), sludge (Kylesa, Outlaw Order), industrial metal (Genitorturers, The CNK, Punish Yourself), hard rock (Ace Frehley), gothic rock (Christian Death), mathcore (The Dillinger Escape Plan, Psykup), garage rock (1969 Was Fine), modren metal (Dagoba, Eths, Trepalium, Black Comedy) an metalcore (Eyeless, The Arrs).

## History
Season of Mist wis formit in 1996, while foonder Michael S. Berberian wis completin his scholarships in "International Economics Sciences" initially, accordin tae Berberian, as a wey aroond the compulsory naitional military service in Fraunce. Syne his graduation the label haes become a full time job for Michael an achievit a steady growth wi Season of Mist nou employin 20 members o staff. In the year 2002 Season of Mist stairtit oot as a distributor for the French territory anaw, which meanwhile includes ither metal labels like Metal Blade Records, Spinefarm Records or Napalm Records on their roster.

Season of Mist's name oreeginates frae "A Midsummer Night's Dream", the play bi William Shakespeare, an the Sandman comic beuk "Season of Mists". You can read that phrase in the first line o John Keats' "To Autumn" ode an aw.

## References

## Freemit airtins
* 
* MySpace
* Facebook
* Twitter
* YouTube
* Vimeo
Madaya, Sirie

**Madaya** () is a sma muntainous toun in Sirie, locatit at an altitude o 1,608 meters. It is a well known holiday resort. It is locatit aboot 40&nbsp;km northwast o Damascus in the Rif Dimashq Govrenorate an is hame tae Lake Barada. As it is 1400 meters abuin sea level, Madaya aften is snaw-top durin the winter months especially on Januar an Februar.
## Description
It is famous for its pure natural spring watter, fresh fruits an vegetables, an healthy climate. Dry an cuil in the simmer, Madaya attracts  wealthy Siries mony o which hae simmer mansions in the toun.  It haes a big mercat (souq) kent for its European-made guids like sportswear an electronics which maks it quite an experience tae visit.

## History
Madaya's exact date o inhabitin is unclear, but the Roman style graves an airtifacts present in the veelage's south-east hills are witnesses tae its past. Some argue it goes back in time tae the Aramaic era an is concurrent wi the history o Damascus. Madaya wis aften a place whaur rebels against the mainstream govrenments teuk refuge. Airmies releed on its fowk an rough terrain tae achieve military advances. It's said that durin the Islamic conquest o Sirie, the airmy o Khalid Ibn Alwaleed releed on patrons frae Madaya tae guide the airmy en route tae Ba'lbak efter the faw o Homs an Damascus. An mair recently, durin the French mandate o Sirie, rebels frae Damascus an ither places teuk refuge in the veelage an releed on the locals, whom in turn assumit great risks, for supplees an logistic support. Even tae this day, the warrior natur o Madaya's citizens is still seen, an wis aften felt especially when tensions against the Sirie govrenment surfacit in the 80s an in mair recent times as well.

## Footnotes

## Freemit airtins
*Map of location
Bloudan

**Bloudan** () is a Sirie toun locatit 51 kilometers north-wast o the Damascus Govrenorate, in the Rif Dimashq Govrenorate an haes an altitude o aboot 1500 meters. In the 2004 census bi the Central Bureau o Statistics it haed a population o 3,101.

Bloudan is situatit on top o a hill that owerleuks the Zabadani plain an is surroondit bi muntain forests. Its moderate temperatur an law humidity in simmer attracts mony visitors frae Damascus an throughoot Sirie. It is a major touristic destination an aw, it is visitit bi thoosands ivery year, mainly Arabs frae Lebanon an the Arab Gulf. In winter, Bloudan is uisually snawy, an as a result receives mony skiers. Bloudan haes mony restaurants an hotels, maist famous is the Great Bloudan Hotel which hostit the first Arabic conference tae discuss the Palestinian issue in 1937. Bloudan is famous for its mony pairks an springs an aw, such as the Abuzad, Qas'a, an Hazir springs.

## Etymology
The current name, Bloudan, is derivit frae the Aramaic name *Bil-dan*, which means the place o the god *Bil* or *Ba'l*. Bloudan is cried the land o awmond, acause its forests are dominatit bi awmond trees.

## History
Bloudan is a vera auncient toun whose history goes back tae the Roman era, as is evident bi the paintins an carvins foond in soouthren Bloudan. Remains o an auncient Greek Orthodox monastery an the St. George kirk are foond in the muntains o eastren Bloudan an aw. The historic St. Elias valley is an auncient pairt o the toun, wi biggins that are hunders o year auld.

Modren Bloudan wis built in the 18t century an continues tae grow the day.

## References

*Information , Syrian Tours. Retrieved on 1 December 2006.
*بلودان , Syria Atlas. Retrieved on 1 December 2006.
Halba

**Halba** () is the caipital o Akkar Destrict in North Govrenorate, Lebanon, close tae the border wi Sirie. It is locatit at aroond .

The population in Halba is majority Sunni Muslim, an minority Greek Orthodox an Maronite Christians.

Halba is hame tae a Lebanese Red Cross First Aid Center.

## References
Maaloula

**Maaloula** (, ), is a veelage in the Rif Dimashq Govrenorate in Sirie. The toun is locatit 56&nbsp;km tae the northeast o Damascus, an built intae the ruggit muntainside, at an altitude o mair nor 1500 meters. It is kent as the last survivin place whaur Wastren Aramaic (Aramaic o Jesus) is still spoken.

## References

## Freemit airtins

*A wab steid dedicatit tae Maaloula
Saidnaya

**Saidnaya** (an aa transliteratit **Saydnaya** or **Sednaya** frae the ) is a ceety locatit in the muntains, 1500 metre (0.938 mile) abuin sea level,  north o the ceety o Damascus in Sirie an wis ane o the episcopal ceeties o the auncient Patriairchate o Antioch. Tho orthographically slichtly variant wi Arabic, the spellin is consistent wi Aramaic orthography (wi nae destinction atween "sin" an "sad") o the name for "Oor Lady" an refers, amaist certainly tae the Virgin Mary, a renouned icon o whom is revered in the ceety's main kirk bi baith Christians an Muslims tae this day. The toun is notit for the muckle nummer o (Wastren Neo-) Aramaic speakers, alang wi nearbi Maaloula an a few smawer touns nearbi. Addin tae the meethical character o the aurie, the Hellenistic-era name for thea region centred in the Barada Valley wis Abilene an frae that name local tradeetion haes lang held it as the steid whaur the grave o Abel, slain brither o Cain, lees.  Scholars consider it likely that the caipital o Abilene wis the ceety o Saidnaya.

## References

## Freemit airtins

*Wabsteid aboot Saidnaya
Mönchengladbach

**Mönchengladbach** (), umwhile kent as Münchengladbach, is a city in North Rhine-Westphalie, Germany. It is locatit wast o the Rhine, hauf wey atween Düsseldorf an the Dutch mairch.

## Twin ceeties
*  North Tyneside (Tyne an Wear, Unitit Kinrick, syne 1958)
*  Roubaix (Fraunce, syne 1969)
*  Thurrock (Unitit Kinrick, syne 1969)
*  Verviers (Belgium, syne 1970)
*  Bradford (Wast Yorkshire, Unitit Kinrick, syne 1971)
*  Roermond (Netherlands, syne 1971)

## References

## Freemit airtins
Remscheid

**Remscheid** () is a ceety in North Rhine-Westphalie, Germany. It is, efter Wuppertal an Solingen, the third lairgest municipality in Bergisches Land, being locatit on the northren edge o the region, on sooth side o the Ruhr aurie.

The registered population wis 113,935 in 2007.

## Twin touns
* Quimper, Fraunce
* Kirsehir, Turkey

## References

## Freemit airtins

* German Roentgen-Museum 
* Offeecial Ceety Wabsteid
Krefeld

**Krefeld** (), kent as **Crefeld** till 1929, is a ceety in North Rhine-Westphalie, Germany. It is locatit northwast o Düsseldorf, its centre lyin juist a few kilometres tae the wast o the River Rhine; the burgh o Uerdingen is situatit directly on the Rhine.  Krefeld is accessed bi the autobahns A57 (Cologne - Nijmegen) an the A44 (Aachen - Düsseldorf - Dortmund - Kassel)

## Sister Ceeties

## References

## Freemit airtins

*Offeecial ceety wabsteid
Baalbek

**Baalbek** (;  / ALA-LC: *Ba‘albak*; Phoenicie: בעלבכ, *Baalbak*) is a toun in the Beqaa Valley o Lebanon situatit east o the Litani River. It is famous for its exquisitely detailed yet monumentally scaled temple ruins o the Roman period, when Baalbek, then kent as **Heliopolis**, wis ane o the lairgest sanctuaries in the empire. It is Lebanon's greatest Roman treasur, an it can be coontit amang the wanders o the auncient warld, containin some o the lairgest an best preservit Roman ruins.

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns – Sister ceeties
Baalbek is twinned wi:
*  Bari, Italy
*  L'Aquila, Italy
*  Thrace, Greece
*  Yogyakarta, Indonesie.
*  Isfahan, Iran

## References
### Notes

## Freemit airtins
Jdeideh

**Jdeideh** ( translit. al-Judaydat), (spelt as Jdayde, Jdaideh an Jdeidet el-Matn an aw), is a coastal municipality an the admeenistrative caipital o the Matn Destrict in the Munt Lebanon Govrenorate.

Jdeideh haes an aurie o approximately 6 km². It is locatit in the northren suburbs o Beirut ceety. The municipality is formit o three veelages o Jdeidet el-Matn, Bauchrieh an Sed el Bauchrieh, wi a population o nearly 160,000 inhabitants.

Jdeideh is an important industrial zone an a significant location for commercial an bankin activity.

## Airchaeology

Three airchaeological steids wur foond in the Jdeideh aurie bi jesuit faithers. Twa o which featured fynds o Heavy Neolithic flints o the Qaraoun cultur.

**Jdeideh I** is  northeast o the toun on the left bank o the Nahr Moute, in fields on a  contour. It wis discovered bi Raoul Describes who retrievit knapped tuils frae several periods includin Acheulean, Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic an Hivy Neolithic. This material is in the Saint Joseph University, Museum of Lebanese Prehistory.

**Jdeideh II** is  northeast o Tuillerie Medawer (east o Haret ech Cheikh) on law fuithills tae the left o a descendin stream runnin next tae the Aamariyeh road. An Upper Paleolithic assemblage in broun Cretaceous flint wis foond bi Auguste Bergy includin a variety o scrapers includin a specialist variety foond at Ain Cheikh an aw that wur termit Grattoirs de côté.

**Jdeideh III** is on a firthit hilltop north northwast o Aamariyeh on the soothwast slopes that wis foond bi Bergy an aw. He recovered a Qaraoun cultur type, Gigantolithic assemblage o massive choppers, scrapers on flakes an coarse picks.

## References

## Freemit airtins
*Jdeide Bouchrieh Sed Municipality 
*Ikamalebanon.com
Zaporizhia Oblast

**Zaporizhia Oblast** (, translit. *Zaporiz'ka oblast’*; referred tae as **[[Zaporizhia Oblast#Nomenclatur|Zaporizhzhya]]** – ** an aw) is an oblast (province) o soothren Ukraine. Its caipital is Zaporizhia.

This oblast is an important pairt o Ukraine's industry an agricultur.

## Geography

The aurie o the province is 27,200&nbsp;km²; its population (as o 2004-05-01) is 1.9 million.

Important ceeties include:
* Berdyansk
* Enerhodar – hame o the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Pouer Plant
* Melitopol
* Zaporizhia

## History

The Zaporizhia Oblast wis creatit as pairt o the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic on 10 Januar 1939.

The territory o the oblast came unner the dominion o the Golden Horde efter the faw o Kievan Rus'. The steppes aff o the Dnieper River wur subsequently ruled bi the Crimean Khanate, beginnin in 1445.

Frae the 15t century tae the 18t century, the northren pairts o the province belangit tae the Zaporizhian Sich – a sel-govrened military republic o the Ukrainian Kozaks.

## Points o interest
The follaein steids wur nominatit for the Seiven Wanders o Ukraine.
* Kamyana Mohyla, prehistoric "Stane Tomb" steid (museum-preserve)
* Khortytsia
* Dniprostroy

## Subdiveesions

The Zaporizhia Oblast is admeenistratively subdividit intae 20 raions (destricts) as well as 5 ceeties (municipalities) that are directly subordinate tae the oblast govrenment: Berdiansk, Enerhodar, Melitopol, Tokmak, an the admeenistrative centre o the oblast, Zaporizhia.

## See an aw
* Subdiveesions o Ukraine

## Further readins
*  Запорізька область: Ілюстрована енциклопедія. [Т.2]: Архітектура і містобудування. Культура. Економіка. Райони області / К.С. Карафін, О. І. Красюк. -Запоріжжя : Дике Поле, 2004. - 293 с.

## References

## Freemit airtins
* Zaporizhia Oblast Admeenistration – offeecial wabsteid 
* Zaporizhia Oblast Rada – offeecial wabsteid
Kherson Oblast

**Kherson Oblast** (, translit. *Khersons’ka oblast’*; referred tae as **Khersonshchyna** – **' an aw) is an [[admeenistrative diveesions o Ukraine|oblast]] (province) in soothren [[Ukraine]], juist north o [[Crimea]]. Its [[caipital ceety|admeenistrative center]] is [[Kherson]]. The aurie o the region is 29000&nbsp;km², its population (as o 1 Mey 2004) is 1.12&nbsp;million.

Important ceeties in the oblast include:
* [[Kherson]] (caipital)
* [[Kakhovka]]
* [[Nova Kakhovka]]

==Geografie==

The Kherson Oblast is bordered bi the [[Dnipropetrovsk Oblast]] on the north, the [[Black Sea]] an the [[Crimea]] on the sooth, the [[Mykolayiv Oblast]] on the wast, an the [[Azov Sea]] an the [[Zaporizhzhia Oblast]] on the east.

The [[Dnieper River]] runs throu the oblast which includes the [[Kakhovka Reservoir]].

==Admeenistrative diveesions==

The follaein data incorporates the nummer o each type o admeenistrative diveesions o the Kherson Oblast:

* Admeenistrative Center – 1 ([[Kherson]])
* [[Raions]] – 18;
* Ceety raions – 3;
* Settlements – 697, includin:
** [[Selo|Veelages]] – 658;
** Ceeties/Touns – 39, includin:
*** [[Urban-type settlement]] – 30;
*** Ceeties – 9, includin:
**** Ceeties o oblast' subordinance – 3;
**** Ceeties o raion subordinance – 6;
* [[Selsovet]]s – 260.

The local admeenistration o the oblast' is controlled bi the Kherson Oblast Rada. The govrenor o the oblast' is the Kherson Oblast Rada speaker, appointit bi the [[Preses o Ukraine]].



==Demographics==

The population o the oblast is 1,367,685 (2004), which is 2.4% o the tot population o Ukraine. It is rankit 21st bi its population an aw. The population density is 43 p/km²

Aboot 61.5% or 745,400 fowk live in urban auries o the Oblast an 38.5% or 467,600 fowk live in agricultural centers/veelages. Men mak up 46.7% or 565,400 fowk o the population, weemen mak up 53.3% or 644,600 fowk, an [[pensioner]]s mak up 26.2% or 317,400 fowk o the Oblast population.

**Ukrainian Census (2001):'''
* Ukrainians – 82.0%
* Roushies – 14.1%
* Belaroushies – 0.7%
* Crimean Tatars – 0.5%
* Ithers – 2.7%

## Attractions
*Askania-Nova
*Legendary tachanka monument
*Kurhan cemetery
*Shovkunek Airt museum
*Saint-Yekaterynian Temple

## See an aw
* Subdiveesions o Ukraine
* Kherson Govrenorate

## References

## Freemit airtins
* Portal o Kherson 
* Steid o Kherson naitionalists
* State Administration of Kherson Region  – offeecial site 
* Information Card o the Region  – offeecial steid o the Cabinet o Meenisters o Ukraine
Kurgan Oblast

**Kurgan Oblast** (, *Kurganskaya oblast*) is a federal subject o Roushie (an oblast). Its admeenistrative center is the ceety o Kurgan. Population: 910,807 (2010 Census).

## History
The oblast wis formed on Februar&nbsp;6, 1943, juist whan the Soviet Airmy decisively defeatit Hitler's forces near Stalingrad. Houiver, the history o Transuralia (Zauralye) began much earlier whan the first settlers biggit thair smaw stockaded towns on the banks o the banks o the Tobol an Iset Rivers. Decembrist an Pols exiles made substantial contreibutions tae the development o cultur an eddication in Zauralye. The cooperative movement wis widespread at the beginnin o the 20t century, an thanks tae Trans-Ural ile manufacturers, Roushie became the warld's seicont-mucklest exporter o butter.

## Geography
Kurgan Oblast is locatit in Soothren Roushie an is pairt o the Urals Federal Destrict. It shares borders wi Chelyabinsk Oblast tae the wast, Sverdlovsk Oblast tae the north, Tyumen Oblast tae the east, an Kazakhstan tae the sooth.

## Politics
Oleg Bogomolov haes servit as the Govrenor o Kurgan Oblast syne 1996. He is a member o the Unitit Roushie Pairty. The legislative body o the oblast is the 34-member Kurgan Oblast Duma. The Unitit Roushie Pairty currently haulds the majority o seats in the Oblast Duma.

## Admeenistrative diveesions

## Economy
Kurgan Oblast borders on the ile- an gas-bearin destricts o Tyumen Oblast an is close tae seemilar destricts in Tomsk Oblast an aw. Lairge ile an gas pipelines pass throu its territory, an Ural an Siberie ile refineries are fairly close. The main industrial centres are Kurgansk, an Shadrinsk.

The oblast daes no hae muckle economic mineral reserves; therefore, it haes developit mainly on the basis o subindustries associatit wi processin o agricultural products an assembly an packagin o feenished products. The fuid industry is well developit here, wi meat-packin plants, mills, creameries, an poudered-milk factories.

Modren muckle-scale industry began developin durin Warld War II, whan saxteen enterprises frae wastren regions o the kintra wur evacuatit here in 1941-1942.

## Demographics
**Population**: 

Roushies (823,7222) are the mucklest ethnic group in the Kurgan Oblast, makkin up 92.5% o the population. Ither prominent ethnic groups in the oblast include Tatars (17,017) at 1.9%, Bashkirs (12,257) at 1.4%, Kazakhs (11,939) 1.3%, an Ukrainians (7,080) at 0.8%. Ither ethnicities are 2.1%. Additionally, 20,017 fowk wur registered frae admeenistrative databases, an coud no declare an ethnicity. It is estimatit that the proportion o ethnicities in this group is the same as that o the declared group.

*Births (2008): 11,937 (12.5 per 1000)
*Daiths (2008): 15,626 (16.3 per 1000)

## Climate
The oblast haes a severe continental climate wi lang cauld winters an wairm simmers wi regular drochts. The average Januar temperatur is , an the average temperatur in the wairmest month (Julie) is . Annual precipitation is aboot .

## References

## Sources
*

## Freemit airtins
*
*Offeecial wabsteid o the Oblast Duma  
*News portal
Likino-Dulyovo

**Likino-Dulyovo** () is a toun in Orekhovo-Zuyevsky Destrict o Moscow Oblast, Roushie, locatit  northeast o Moscow. Population: 

The urban-teep dounset o Likino-Dulyovo wis formit in 1930 bi mergin the dounsets o Likino an Dulyovo. Toun status wis grantit tae it in 1937.

Ane o the toun products, the LiAZ ceety bus, wis universally kent throuoot the umwhile Soviet Union.

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns/sister ceeties
Likino-Dulyovo is twinned wi:
* Aksaray, Turkey
* Székesfehérvár, Hungary

## References

## Freemit airtins
*Unoffeecial wabsteid o Likino-Dulyovo
*Unoffeecial online radio o Likino-Dulyovo
Nikolskoye, Tosnensky Destrict, Leningrad Oblast

**Nikolskoye** () is a toun in Tosnensky Destrict o Leningrad Oblast, Roushie, locatit on the Tosna River  sootheast o St.&nbsp;Petersburg. Population: 

It wis foondit in the beginnin o the 18t century; toun status wis grantit tae it in 1990.

## References
Novaya Ladoga

**Novaya Ladoga** () is a toun in Volkhovsky Destrict o Leningrad Oblast, Roushie, locatit at the point whaur the Volkhov River flows intae Lake Ladoga,  east o St.&nbsp;Petersburg. Population: 

The Nikolo-Medvedsky (St. Nicolas) Monastery stuid on the steid o the modren toun syne the 15t century, but the nearbi settlement (sloboda) wis lang owershadaeed bi the first Roushie caipital, Staraya Ladoga, locatit juist a few miles upstream. In 1702–1704, durin the Great Northren War, Peter the Great established a shipyard there, fortifeed the monastery an ordered the population o Staraya Ladoga tae relocate tae the nearbi veelage. The newly foondit toun grew in importance in connection wi construction o the Ladoga Canal an Volga-Baltic Waterway in the 18th and 19th centuries.

## References
Otradnoye, Kirovsky Destrict, Leningrad Oblast

**Otradnoye** () is a toun in Kirovsky Destrict o Leningrad Oblast, Roushie, locatit  east o Saunt Petersburg on the left bank of the Neva River, at its confluence wi the Tosna River. Population: 

A railway leadin frae Saunt Petersburg (Moskovsky Terminal) tae Volkhov passes through the toun; there are twa passenger platforms athin toun limits: Ivanovskaya an Pella.

## History
A veelage o **Ivanovskaya** () at the confluence o the Neva an Tosna wis first mentioned in chronicles in 1708. In 1784, the land wis acquired bi empress Catherine the Great, an a residence kent as Pella estate wis established. The estate wis maistly destroyed on the orders o Paul I.

The modren toun wis established in 1970 bi mergin o the urban-type settlements o Otradnoye an Ivanovskoye.

## References
Kirovsky Destrict, Leningrad Oblast

**Kirovsky Destrict, Leningrad Oblast **  is an admeenistrative destrict (raion), ane o the 17 in Leningrad Oblast, Roushie. 

## See an aw
*Admeenistrative diveesions o Leningrad Oblast

## References
### Notes

### Sources
North Carolina

**North Carolina** is a state in the Unitit States o Americae, on the east coast. Nor Carolina haes the 10t maist indwallers o aa the States o the U.S., an is the 28t lairgest state bi aurie. The state is dividit intae 100 coonties. The caipital is Raleigh, that alang wi Durham an Chapel Hill is hame tae the lairgest resairch pairk in the Unitit States (Research Triangle Park). The maist populous municipality is Charlotte, that is the third lairgest bankin centre in the Unitit States efter New York City an San Francisco.

The state haes a wide range o elevations, frae sea level on the coast tae  at Munt Mitchell, the heichest pynt in North Americae east o the Mississippi River. The climate o the coastal plains is strangly influenced bi the Atlantic Ocean. Maist o the state faws in the humid subtropical climate zone. Mair nor  frae the coast, the wastren, muntainous pairt of the state haes a subtropical hieland climate.

## References

## Freemit airtins
;State govrenment
*  state govrenment wabsteid

## Relatit information


Image:The Biltmore, NC.jpg
Image:Woolworth building 25 Haywood Street, Asheville NC.JPG
Image:Alamance County Courthouse and Confederate Memorial from NE Corner.jpg
Doug Winton

**George Douglas "Doug" Winton** (6 October 1929 &ndash; 29 October 2006) wis a Scots professional association fitba player who played as a defender. He played a total o well ower 300 matches in the Football League for three different clubs, but scored juist ane senior goal, whilst playin for Burnley.

## Fremmit airtins
*Doug Winton career stats  at the Post War Players Database
Omsk Oblast

**Omsk Oblast** (, *Omskaya oblast*) is a federal subject o Roushie (an oblast), locatit in soothwastren Siberie. The oblast haes an aurie o . Its population is 1,977,655 (2010 Census) wi the majority, 1.15 million, livin in Omsk, the admeenistrative center.

The oblast borders wi Tyumen Oblast in the north an wast, Novosibirsk an Tomsk Oblasts in the east, an wi Kazakhstan in the sooth.

## References
Tomsk Oblast

**Tomsk Oblast** (, *Tomskaya oblast*) is a federal subject o Roushie (an oblast). It lees in the southeastern West Siberian Plain, in the soothwast o the Siberie Federal Destrict. Its admeenistrative center is the ceety o Tomsk. Population: 1,047,394 (2010 Census).

The development o the territory which nou constitutes the oblast began in the early 17t century. Tomsk itsel wis foondit in 1604. Maist o the oblast's  territory is inaccessible acause it is covered wi taiga firths an swamps. The oblast borders wi Krasnoyarsk Krai an Tyumen, Omsk, Novosibirsk, an Kemerovo Oblasts.

## References

## Freemit airtins

*Wabsteid o Tomsk Oblast Duma
Kamchatka Krai

**Kamchatka Krai** () is a federal subject o Roushie (a krai). It wis formit on 1 Julie 2007, as a result o the merger o Kamchatka Oblast an Koryak Autonomous Okrug, efter a referendum wis held on the issue on 23 October 2005. The krai's admeenistrative center is the ceety o Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. The okrug retains the status o a special admeenistrative diveesion o the krai unner the name o Koryak Okrug. Population: 322,079 (2010 Census).

## Admeenistrative diveesions

## Demographics
Population: 

*Births (2008 Jan-Nov): 3,673 (11.55 per 1000)
*Daiths (2008 Jan-Nov): 3,554 (11.17 per 1000)

### Vital statistics for 2007
Source:

*Births: 3,931 (11.32 per 1000, 11.36 for urban auries & 11.20 for rural auries).
*Daiths: 3,863 (11.13 per 1000, 10.49 for urban auries & 13.63 for rural auries).
*Natural Growth Rate: +0.02% per year (+0.09% for urban auries & -0.24% for rural auries).

efter nearly twa decades, Kamchatka recordit a net naitural population growth instead o decline in 2007. In first hauf o 2008, housomeivver, the trend wis reversed an population decline wis observit again, pairtly due tae an increased mortality rate amang the rural population.

### Ethnic composition
Ethnic composition (2010):
*Roushies - 85.9%
*Ukrainians - 3.9%
*Koryaks - 2.3
*Itelmens - 0.8%
*Tatars - 0.8%
*Belaroushies - 0.7%
*Ithers - 5%
*28,084 fowk wur registered frae admeenistrative databases, an coud no declare an ethnicity. It is estimatit that the proportion o ethnicities in this group is the same as that o the declared group.

## References

### Notes

### Sources
*
Zabaykalsky Krai

**Zabaykalsky Krai** (, lit. *[[Transbaikal]] krai*) is a federal subject o Roushie (a krai) that wis creatit on Mairch&nbsp;1, 2008 as a result o a merger o Chita Oblast an Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug, efter a referendum held on the issue on 11 Mairch 2007. Population: 1,106,611 (2010 Census).

## Geography
The krai is locatit athin the historical region o Transbaikalie.

### Borders
The krai haes extensive internaitional borders wi Cheenae (998&nbsp;km) an Mongolie (868&nbsp;km) an internal borders wi Irkutsk an Amur Oblasts, as well as wi the Republic o Buryatie an the Sakha Republic.

## Admeenistrative diveesions

## Demographics
Population: 

The population wis maistly Roushies an Buryats, alang wi some Ukrainians an a few Evenks. Thare wur 1,000 Jews in the regional caipital. Accordin tae the 2010 Census, Roushies made up 89.9% o the population while Buryats war 6.8%. Ither significant groups wur Ukrainian (0.6%), Tatars (0.5%), Belaroushie (0.2%), Azeri (0.18%), Evenks (0.1%). 19,981 fowk wur registered frae admeenistrative databases, an coud nae declare an ethnicity. It is estimatit that the proportion o ethnicities in this group is the same as that o the declared group.

## Notes

## References
*
Kemerovo Oblast

**Kemerovo Oblast** (, *Kemerovskaya oblast*), kent as *Kuzbass* () anaw, an namit efter the *[[Kuznetsk Basin]]*, is a federal subject o Roushie (an oblast), locatit in soothwastren Siberie, whaur the Wast Siberie Plain meets the Sooth Siberie muntains. The oblast, which covers an aurie o , shares a mairch wi Tomsk Oblast in the north, Krasnoyarsk Krai an the Khakassie in the east, the Altai Republic in the sooth, an Novosibirsk Oblast an Altai Krai in the wast. Its ethnic composition is predominantly Roushie, but Ukrainians, Tatars, an Chuvash live in the oblast an aw. Population: 2,763,135 (2010 Census).

The climate o the oblast is continental: winters are cauld an lang, simmers are wairm, but short. The average Januar temperatur is -17...-20&nbsp;°C, the average in Julie is +17...+18&nbsp;°C. Average annual precipitation ranges frae 300&nbsp;mm on the plains an the fuithills o up tae 1,000&nbsp;mm or mair in muntainous auries. The duration o the frost-free period lasts 100 days in the north aurie up tae 120 days in the sooth o the Kuznetsk Basin.

## Honors
A minor planet 2140 Kemerovo discovered in 1970 bi Soviet astronomer Tamara Mikhailovna Smirnova is namit efter Kemerovo Oblast.

## Demographics
**Population**: 

Ethnic composition (2010):
*Roushies - 93.7%
*Tatars - 1.5%
*Ukrainians - 0.8%
*Germans - 0.9%
*others - 1.5%
*55,899 fowk wur registered frae admeenistrative databases, an coud no declare an ethnicity. It is estimatit that the proportion o ethnicities in this group is the same as that o the declared group.

## References

## Sources
*

## See an aw
*Geography o Sooth-Central Siberie
Francis Buchanan White

**Francis Buchanan White** (20 Mairch 1842, Pairth - 3 December 1894, Pairth) wis a Scots entomologist an botanist.

He studiet medicine at the University o Edinburgh. Efter doin a Grand Tour in 1866, he settled in Perth whaur he wad remain his entire life. His main aurie o interest wis the Lepidoptera an the taxonomy o the Hemiptera. He wis the author o numerous scienteefic papers, published in the *Scots Naturalist*, *Journal o Botany*, an *The Proceedins an Transactions o the [[Pairthshire]] Society o Natural Science*. White wis a Fellae o the Royal Entomological Society an the Linnean Society.

In 1883, White redescribit the kent species o the Hemiptera genus *[[Halobates]]* an he illustratit 11 species in colour, wi numerous drawins in black an white o structural details. This wis ane o the pairts o the Challenger Report.

## References

*
Khakassie

The **Republic o Khakassie** (, *Respublika Khakasiya*; Khakass: ) or **Khakasiya** () is a federal subject o Roushie (a republic) locatit in sooth-central Siberie. Its caipital ceety is Abakan, that is the lairgest ceety in the republic an aw. Population: 532,403 (2010 Census).

The Khakas leid haes co-offeecial status in the republic.

## References

## Freemit airtins
* Offeecial wabsteid o the Republic o Khakassie 
*Khakassia live cam
Tuva

The **Tyva Republic** (; , *Tyva Respublika*), commonly kent as **Tuva** (), is a federal subject o Roushie (a republic). It lees in the geographical centre o Asie, in soothren Siberie. The republic haes mairches wi the Altai Republic, Khakassie, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Irkutsk Oblast, an Buryatie in Roushie an wi Mongolie tae the sooth. Its caipital is the ceety o Kyzyl. Population: 337,544 (2024 Census).

Forests, muntains, an steppe mak up a muckle pairt o the geography.

A majority o the fowk is Tuvans wha speak the Tuvan leid, but Roushie is spaken extensively an aw. Tuva is govrened bi the Great Khural whilk elects a chairman for a fower-year term. The current chairman is Sholban Kara-ool.

## References
Altai Republic

**Altai Republic** (, *Respublika Altay*; Altay: , *Altay Respublika*) is a federal subject o Roushie (a republic). Its caipital is the toun o Gorno-Altaysk. The area o the republic is . Population: 206,168 (2010 Census).

## References
### Notes

## Freemit airtins

*Offeecial wabsteid o the Altai Republic
Altai Krai

**Altai Krai** (, *Altaysky kray*) is a federal subject o Roushie (a krai). It borders wi, clockwise frae the sooth, Kazakhstan, Novosibirsk an Kemerovo Oblasts, an the Altai Republic. The krai's admeenistrative center is the ceety o Barnaul. Population: 2,419,755 (2010 Census).

The krai's economy depends on agricultur.

## References
### Notes

## Freemit airtins
*
*Kommersant.com.  Information aboot Altai Krai 
*Library o Congress Roushie (pdf)
* History o Altai Krai 
*Altai: a living spirit
Chukotka Autonomous Okrug

**Chukotka Autonomous Okrug** (, *Chukotsky  avtonomny okrug*; Chukchi: , *Chukotkaken avtonomnyken okrug*), or **Chukotka** (), is a federal subject o Roushie (an autonomous okrug) locatit in the Roushie Far East. Population in 2010: 50,526 (2010 Census).

The autonomous okrug's surface aurie is . The principal toun an the admeenistrative center is Anadyr. The region is the maist northeasterly region o Roushie an, syne the sale o Alaska tae the Unitit States, haes been the anerlie pairt o Roushie lyin pairtially in the Wastren Hemisphere (east o the 180t meridian).

Elgygytgyn Lake, an important steid for scienteefic research on climate chynge, is locatit in Chukotka, as is the veelage o Uelen, the closest substantial Roushie dounset tae the Unitit States.

## References

## Further readin
*Josh Newell, *The Russian Far East. A Reference Guide for Conservation and Development*, 2004

## Freemit airtins

*Offeecial wabsteid o Chukotka Autonomous Okrug 
*Anadyr - Online
*WWF Chukotka brochure
*Chukotka page wi images
Vysotsk

**Vysotsk** (; ; ) is a coastal toun an a seaport in Vyborgsky Destrict o Leningrad Oblast, Roushie, locatit on the Karelie Isthmus, on the eastren shore o the Bay o Vyborg,  soothwast o Vyborg an  northwast o St.&nbsp;Petersburg. It hosts a base o the Roushie Baltic Fleet an an ile terminal (syne 2004). Population: 

It wis grantit toun status in 1940 an in terms o population remains ane o the smawest touns in Roushie.

## History
The fortress o Trångsund (literally: "narrow strait") wis biggit tae the order o Peter the Great in the beginnin o the 18t century efter Roushie haed captured the aurie frae Swaden durin the Great Northren War.
In 1812, Trongzund wis includit bi Alexander I o Roushie intae the newly-creatit Grand Duchy o Finland.
Atween 1918 an 1940, the toun wis pairt o independent Finland unner the name *Uuras*. As a result o the Winter War an subsequent Moscow Peace Treaty, it wis occupeed bi the Soviet Union in 1940 an became pairt o the Karelo Finnish SSR. In 1941, durin the Continuation War, it wis leeberatit bi Finnish troops an returned tae Finland. In Juin 1944, the toun wis occupeed bi the Red Airmy an wis anexed tae the Soviet Union accordin tae the Moscow Airmistice an Paris Peace Treaty. In Julie 1948, the toun wis renamit Vysotsk in honour o the Soviet machine gunner Kuzma Demidovich Vysotsky, who wis killed in the aurie on 4 Mairch 1940 durin the feenal days o the Winter War.

Vysotsk mey be considered ane o the cradles o radio, as it wis thare that Alexander Stepanovich Popov conductit his pioneerin experiments in 1897 an 1902.

## References