Çatalca

**Çatalca** (**Metrae**, Μέτραι in Auncient Greek) is a city an a rural destrict in Istanbul, Turkey. It is the maist muckle destrict in Istanbul by area.
 
It is in East Thrace, on the ridge atween the Marmara an the Black Sea.

## History
### Antiquity
Çatalca's ancient Greek name wis **Ergískē** (Ἐργίσκη).
**Ergiske** () wis an auncient Greek city in Thrace, locatit in the region of the Propontis. 
 
By Suida's wey o it, the Greek name is efter Ergiscus (Ἐργίσκος), a son of Poseidon throu the naiad (nymph) Aba (Ἄβα). In Greek mythology, Aba wis a nymph an she is presumed tae be a dochter tae the river Hebros.
The steid is nou occupied in pairt bi modren Çatalca.

Unner Roman rule, it wis cryed **Metrae** or Metre an wis important eneuch in the Late Roman province o Europa tae acome a suffragan o its caipital Heraclea's Metropolitan Archbishop, yet wis tae win awa.

### Modern period

Çatalca wis settled ootthrou the Ottoman period an the Ottoman Official Statistics o 1910's wey o it, the feck o fowk in the airt wis Greeks. The Crimean War caused a mass exodus o Crimean Tatars tae Ottoman launds. A puckle Crimean Tatars settled in Çatalca.

In the First Balkan War the Bulgarie airmy haed driven the Turkish forces back frae the border, but the Turkis forces retreatit tae the prepared posietions at Çatalca whaur on the 16–17 November 1912 thay defeatit the Bulgaries at the "First Battle o Çatalca". The Çatalca fortifications formed a line ower the peninsula, the "Chataldja line", that cam tae be the armistice line o 3 December 1912, efter Bulgarie decidit nae tae attack Adrianople at that time. Upon expiration o the airmistice, on 3 Februar [O.S. 21 January] 1913, hostilities recommenced an the Seicont Battle o Çatalca begoud. It wis a series o thrusts an coonter-thrusts bi baith the Ottomans an the Bulgaries an gaed on until 3 Apryle 1913. Thare wis a lairge nummer o journalists that reportit on the militar actions at Çatalca, that thair accoonts gies rich details aboot this event.

By the Ottoman population statistics o 1914's wey o it, the kaza o Çatalca haed a total population of 30,165, wi 16,984 Greeks, 13,034 Muslims, 53 Jews, 44 Armenies, 40 Bulgaries an 10 Roma fowk.

Afore 1930, Çatalca covered present destricts o Arnavutköy, Beylikdüzü, Büyükçekmece, wastren pairts of Başakşehir, rural pairts o Eyüp an Sarıyer an aa. In 1930, the coonty (bucak) o Kilyos wis pairt o the destrict o Sarıyer, that uised tae be pairt of Beyoğlu. At same time, the vielages o Odayeri, Ağaçlı, İhsaniye an Kısırmandıra (Işıklar efter 1987) wis gien tae Kemerburgaz coonty (uised tae be pairt o Beyoğlu destrict) o Sarıyer. In 1963, vielages the likes o Arnavutköy, Bolluca, Hacımaşlı, Haraççı an İmrahor o Boyalık (that it's center wis Hadımköy) coonty pairt o the destrict o Gaziosmanpaşa, orieginally pairt of Eyüp. In 1987 coonty o Büyükçekmece wis separatit an cam tae be a destrict o it's ain. Finally in 2009, the lave o Boyalık county wis gien tae Arnavutköy, that wis pairt o Gaziosmanpaşa, an Muratbey vielage wis gien tae Büyükçekmece.

## Population
As o a November 22, 2000 census, the population o Çatalca destrict wis 81,589, while the ciety o Çatalca haed a population o 36,544 in 2009. The population growth rate wis 0.66%. The lieteracy rate wis 99%.

## Geography
Çatalca is 1,715&nbsp;km² big and haes 135 kilometers o coastline. Its neebours includes Çatalca tae the sooth, an Silivri an Tekirdağ Province tae the wast. Avcılar, Küçükçekmece, an Arnavutköy lie tae the east. Istanbul's fresh watter comes frae lochs Durusu an Çatalca.

Yalıköy is a seaside resort o Çatalca. The Çilingoz Naitur Pairk bewast Yalıköy offers campin an ootdoor recreation activities.

## Media
At Çatalca, ther ar a mediumwave braidcastin station wi a 226 metre hiech mast. It wirks on 702&nbsp;kHz wi 600&nbsp;kW.

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns an sister cities
Çatalca is twinned wi:

*  Fancy, Saunt Vincent an the Grenadines
*  Oran, Algerie
*  Diego Garcia, Breetish Indian Ocean Territory
*  Hitadhoo, Maldives
*  Ganja, Azerbaijan
*  Lille, Fraunce
*  Kule, Botswana

## References

## Freemit airtins

* Destrict governor's offeecial wabsteid 
* Destrict municipality's offeecial wabsteid  
* Çatalca local news website  
* GCatholic with titular incumbent bio links