open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Target Corporation

**Target Corporation** (simply kent as **Target**) is an American retailin company that wis foondit in Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1902 as the Dayton Dry Goods Company.  In 1962, the company opened its first Target store in nearby Roseville.  Target grew an eventually became the lairgest division o Dayton Hudson Corporation, culminatin in the company chyngin its name tae Target Corporation in 2000. , the company haes opened stores in ivery state except Vermont, operatin as Target or SuperTarget.

Target is the seicont lairgest discoont retailer in the Unitit States, ahint Walmart. The company is ranked at nummer 30 on the Fortune 500 , an is a component o the Standard & Poor's 500 index.  The company licenses its bullseye trademark tae Wesfarmers, awners o the separate Target Australia chain.

## References
Yevgeny Adamov

**Yevgeny Olegovich Adamov** (, born 28 Aprile 1939) wis the heid o the Roushie atomic energy meenistry, MinAtom.  He wis appointit bi Preses Boris Yeltsin in 1998 an oostit bi Preses Vladimir Putin in 2001.

Adamov, a nuclear pheesicist, than jyned the Dollezhal Institute.

In 2005, he wis reestit in Bern, Swisserland, on fraud chairges.  The reest wis makkit at the request o the Unitit States.  The US accuised Adamov o divertin up tae $9 million whilk the US Energy Department gied Roushie tae help impruive security at its nuclear facilities.  Extradition requests war filed first bi the USA an than bi Roushie, whilk haes actively protestit the muive bi the US. Adamov wis finally extraditit tae Roushie. The muive wis widely covered as a successfu ploy bi the Roushie govrenment tae prevent Adamov frae tellin US authorities state secrets (an mebbes some creeminal secrets) that he ken.

On Februar 20, 2008, he wis convictit bi the Zamoskvoretsky court in Moscow o fraud an misuiss o pouer an sentenced tae 5.5 years o imprisonment.

He wis released frae jyle whan his sentence wis suspendit bi a heicher-level court on Aprile 17, 2008.

## References

*Russia demands extradition of arrested minister, swissinfo, 19 Mey 2005.

## Freemit airtins
* Investigation bi ''Novaya Gazeta''
Belaroushie leid

The **Belaroushie leid** (беларуская мова, BGN/PCGN: *byelaruskaya mova*, Scientific: *belaruskaja mova*, łac.: *biełaruskaja mova*) is the leid o the Belaroushie fowk. It is the offeecial leid o Belarus, alang wi Roushie, an is spoken abroad, chiefly in Roushie, Ukraine, and Poland. 
Prior tae Belaroushie gainin its unthirldom frae the Soviet Union in 1992, the leid wis kent in Scots as **Byeloroushie** or **Beloroushie**, transliteratin the Roushie name, , or alternatively as **White Roushie** or **White Ruthenian**. Follaein unthirldom, it wis an aa cawed **Belarusan**.

Belarusian is ane o the East Slavic leids, an shares mony grammatical an lexical features wi ither members o the group. Its predecessor stage is kent as  Auld Belaroushie (14t tae 17t centuries), in turn descendit frae Auld East Slavic (10t tae 13t centuries).

## References
Alan Brooke, 3rd Viscoont Brookborough

**Alan Henry Brooke, 3rd Viscoont Brookeborough**, Bt (born Juin 30, 1952), is a Northren Erse peer an landawner. He is ane o the 92 hereditary peers who remain, for life, in the Hoose o Lords.

## Early life an career
Brooke wis educatit at Harrow School, Millfield, an the Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester. 

He joined the Breetish Airmy in 1971, being commissioned intae the 17t/21st Lancers. In 1977 he transferred tae the Ulster Defence Regiment, which wis tae become the Ryal Erse Regiment in 1992. He wis promotit tae Lieutenant-Colonel in 1993, an became Honorary Colonel o the 4t/5t Battalion, Ryal Erse Rangers in 1997. 

## Personal life
Lord Brookeborough married Janet Elizabeth Cooke (dochter o JP Cooke, o Doagh), nou Viscoontess Brookeborough, in 1980. They farm the  Colebrooke Park, Brookeborough, Coonty Fermanagh, in Northren Ireland.

## Peerage
Brooke succeedit his faither as the 3rd Viscoont Brookeborough in 1987. Although he lost his automatic richt tae a seat in the Hoose o Lords, wi aw ither hereditary peers efter the passage o the Hoose o Lords Act 1999, Lord Brookeborough returned tae the Hoose as an  electit crossbench peer in 1999. 

He haes been a Lord-in-Waitin tae The Queen since 1997. He is Preses o the Co. Fermanagh Unionist Association an wis appointit as an independent member o the NI Policing Board in 2001.

## Faimily
The soldier, Alan Brooke, 1st Viscoont Alanbrooke, wis a member o the same faimily.

## References

## See an aw
* Leet o Northren Ireland Members o the Hoose o Lords
Wichita leid

**Wichita** is a moribund Caddoan leid spoken in Oklahoma bi the Wichita an Affiliated Tribes. The last fluent speaker remainin, Doris McLemore, died on 30 August 2016. awtho fower fowk speak it conversantly as o 2017. Wichita coud suin acome extinct, housomeivver, the tribe affers cless tae revitalize the leid an wirks in pairtnership wi Wichita Documentation Project o the University o Colorado, Boulder.

## References
Zuni leid

**Zuni** (an aa **Zuñi**) is a leid o the Zuni fowk, indigenous tae wastren New Mexico an eastren Arizona in the Unitit States. It is spoken bi aroond 9,500 fowk warldwide, especially in the vicinity o Zuni Pueblo, New Mexico, an muckle smawer numbers in pairts o Arizona.

Unlike maist indigenous leids in the US, Zuni is still spoken bi a significant number o children an, thus, is comparatively less threatened wi leid endangerment. Edmund Ladd reportit in 1994 that Zuni is still the main leid o communication in the pueblo an is uised in the hame (Newman 1996).

Athin the leid, the leid itsel is cawed ** (*shiwi* "Zuni" + *-’ma* "vernacular", trans. as "Zuni way") an its speakers are collectively *A:shiwi* (*’a:(w)-* "plural" + *shiwi* "Zuni").
Gaagudju leid

**Gaagudju** (an aa spelt **Gagadu**, **Gaguju**, an **Kakadu**) is an extinct Australian Aboriginal leid umwhile spoken in Arnhem Land, northren Australie, in the environs o Kakadu National Park. Its last speaker, Big Bill Neidjie, dee'd on 23 Mey 2002.
## Classification
Gaagudju haes traditionally been classified wi the Gunwinyguan leid. Housomeivver, in 1997 Nicholas Evans proposed an Arnhem Land family that includes Gaagudju.

## Phonology
### Vouels

### Consonants

## References
*
## Freemit airtins
*Ethnologue report for language code:gbu\
*AusAnthrop Australian Aboriginal tribal database
Eyak leid

**Eyak** is an extinct Na-Dené leid that wis historically spoken bi the Eyak fowk, indigenous tae soothcentral Alaska, near the mouth o the Copper River.
Breetish Sign Leid

**Breetish Sign Leid**  (**BSL**) is the sign leid uissed in the Unitit Kinrick (UK). It is the wale o the maist feck o deif fowk in the UK; there are 125,000 deif adults in the UK wha mak uiss o BSL an 20,000 bairns forby. In 2011, 15,000 fowk wha bide in England and Wales ansuered tae the census as uissin BSL as thair main leid. The leid maks uiss o tuim space an the muivement o the hauns, bouk, fizog an heid. Monie mae fowk wha arna deif mak uiss o BSL forby; as the kyth o deif fowk wha wiss yet tae taak til thaim, as sign leid interpreters or owersetters, or as the affcome o ither siclyk contack wi the Breetish deif community.

## References
Romani leid

**Romani** or **Romany**,  **Gypsy**  or  **Gipsy** () is ony o a nummer o leids o the Romani fowk. Thay are Indic, whiles groupit in the "Central" or "Northwastren" zone, an whiles treatit as a brainch o thayr ain.
 
By the wey o Ethnologue, seiven varieties o Romany are unalike eneuch tae be thocht leids o thayr ain. The lairgest o thir are Vlax Romany (aboot 900,000 speakers), Balkan Romany (700,000), Carpathian Romany (500,000) and Sinte Romany (300,000).

## See an aw
*Scots Cant

## References
Cumbric leid

**Cumbric** wis a Brythonic Cetlic leid spoken in the *[[Hen Ogledd]]* or "Auld North", that is nou Northren Ingland an soothren Lawland Scotland; the area lang syne kent as Cumbrie (Cumbric: *kəmbrü) in the Early Middle Ages.Cumbric is thocht tae hae been gey siccan-like til Auld Welsh; baith leids aiblins belanged til a common west Brythonic branch. Evidence frae place names suggests Cumbric speakers micht hae flittit it intae ither pairts o Northren Ingland frae the core areas farther north, an the leid micht hae been spoken as far sooth as the Yorkshire Dales. Maist linguists believe that it becam extinct in the 12t century, efter the incorporation o the semi-independent Kinrick o Strathclyde intae the Kinrick o Scotland.

## References
North Frisie leid

**North Frisie** is a minority leid o Germany, spoken bi aboot 10,000 fowk in North Frisie. There are twa main dialectal diveesions: those o the mainland an the insular dialects. There is nae staundart variety, although some hae suggestit the mainland Moorin dialect.  The leid is pairt o the lairger group o the Wast Germanic Frisie leids.

North Frisie is an endangered leid, as in maist places childer nae langer learn it. Exceptions are a few veelages on the islands o Föhr an Amrum an the Risum-Lindholm aurie.
Aw speakers o North Frisie are at least bilingual (North Frisie an Staundart German). Mony are trilingual (North Frisie, Staundart German an Law German) an, especially alang the Dens border, quadrilingualism uised tae be widespread (North Frisie, Staundart German, Law German an Sooth Jutlandic).

On 24 Dizember 2004 a state law became effective in Schleswig-Holstein that recognises the North Frisie leid for offeecial uise in the Nordfriesland destrict an on Heligoland.
Auld Norse

**Auld Norse** is a North Germanic leid that wis spoken bi indewllers o Scandinavie an indewllers o thair owerseas settlements in the Viking Age, till aboot 1300.

The chyngin processes that distinguish Auld Norse frae its aulder form, Proto-Norse, wis maistly concludit aroond the 8t century, an anither transitional period that led up til the modren descendants o Auld Norse (*i.e.*, the modren North Germanic leids) stairtit in the mid- tae late 14t century, wi that endin the leid phase kent as Auld Norse. Thit dates, housomeivver, arenae absolute. For insaumple, a bodie can still fin written Auld Norse weel intae the 15t century.

The first major dialectal distinctions in the leid arose in the *Auld East Norse*, *Auld Wast Norse*, an *Auld Gutnish* byleids. Thare nae clear geographical boundary atween the Eastren an Wastren byleids. Auld East Norse traits wis foun in eastren Norawa an Auld West Norse traits wis foun in wastren Swaden. Maist speakers o Auld Norse byleids spak the *Auld East Norse* dialect haein springheid in whit is present-day Denmark an Swaden. *[[Auld Gutnish]],* the mair obscure dialectal branch, is whiles includit in the Old East Norse dialect due tae geographical associations. It skares traits wi baith Auld Wast Norse an Auld East Norse but haed developed on its ain an aw.

The 12t century Icelandic *[[Gray Goose Laws]]* state that Swedes, Norses, Icelanders an Danes spak the same leid, *dǫnsk tunga*. Speakers o the eastren dialect, spoken in Swaden an Denmark, wad hae said *dansk tunga* ("Dens tongue") or *norrønt mál* ("Nordic leid") tae name thair leid. Gradually, Old Norse splintered intae the modren North Germanic leids: Icelandic, Faroese, Norse, Dens an Swadish; but mutual intelligibility hisnae fully sauntit.

In some instances the term *Auld Norse* mey refer speceifically tae whit is here cawed *Auld Wast Norse*.

## References
Naypyidaw

**Naypyidaw** (, offeecially spelled **Nay Pyi Taw** an **Naypyitaw**; ) is the caipital o Myanmar (kent as Burma an aa). It is admeenistered as the Naypyidaw Union Territory, as per the 2008 Constitution. On 6 November 2005, the admeenistrative caipital o Burma wis offeecially muivit tae a greenfield steid 2 mile (3.2&nbsp;km) wast o Pyinmana, an approximately 200 mile (320&nbsp;km) north o Yangon (Rangoon), the previous caipital. The caipital's offeecial name wis annoonced on 27 Mairch 2006, Burmese Airmit Forces Day.

## References
Doha

**Doha** (, **' or **', literally: "the big tree") is the caipital ceety o the state o Qatar. Locatit on the Persian Gulf, it haed a population o aboot 1.5 million. an is an aa ane o the municipalities o Qatar. Doha is Qatar's lairgest ceety, wi ower 80% o the naition's population residin in Doha or its surroondin suburbs, an is an aa the economic centre o the kintra.

Doha an aa serves as the seat o govrenment o Qatar, which is ruled bi Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani. Doha is hame tae the Education Ceety, an aurie devotit tae research an education. Doha wis the steid o the first meenisterial-level meetin o the Doha Development Roond o Warld Tred Organisation negotiations. The ceety o Doha an aa held the 2006 Asian Games, which wis the lairgest Asian Games iver held.

### Twin towns and sister cities
*  **[[Amman]]**, Jordan (syne 1995)
*  **[[Beijing]]**, Cheenae (syne 2008)
*  **[[Bosaso]]**, Somalie (syne 1994)
*  **[[Brasília]]**, Brazil
*  **[[Houston]]**, Texas, Unitit States
*  **[[Manama]]**, Bahrain
*  **[[Marbella]]**, Spain
*  **[[Port Louis]]**, Mauritius
*  **[[Stratford-upon-Avon]]**, Ingland, Unitit Kinrick
*  **[[Tunis]]**, Tunisie
*  **[[Algiers]]**, Algerie
*  **[[Tirana]]**, Albanie

## References
Ivanovka, Chuy

**Ivanovka Village** () is a village o 12,000 in the Ysyk-Ata District o the Chuy Province, o Kyrgyzstan, approximately midway atween Tokmok an Kant. It is kent for its multi-ethnic composition, includin Kyrgyz, Roushies an Dungans. Its economy focuses on agriculture in the Chuy Valley, Kyrgyzstan's lairgest northren agricultural aurie.
Ahal Province

**Ahal Province** () is ane o the welayatlar (provinces) o Turkmenistan.  It is in the sooth-centre o the kintra, borderin Iran an Afghanistan alang the Kopet Dag Range. Its aurie is 97,160&nbsp;km² (37,510 sq mi) an population 939,700 (2005 est.). In 2000, Ahal Province accoontit for 14% o Turkmenistan's population, 11% o the total number o employed, 23% o agricultural production (bi value), an 31% o the kintra's total industrial production.

Ahal's agriculture is irrigatit bi the Karakum Canal, which stretches aw the way athort the province frae east tae wast, trackin Turkmenistan's soothren border. Anither water source is Tejen River, which flows north frae Afghanistan in the sooth-east corner o the province, passin through twa lairge reservoirs sooth o the ceety o Tejen.

Ahal is kent for the Geok Tepe battle o 1881, today the site o an imposin new mosque , an for the Baharden unnergrund warm lake (in the Kov Ata karst cave), baith wast o Ashgabat.

The caipital o Ahal Province is Anau (or Annau), a toun on the sooth-eastren ootskirts o Ashgabat. Ither notable touns are Abadan (umwhile Büzmeýin, ) north-wast o Ashgabat an Tejen in the sooth-east near the border wi Mary Province. Turkmenistan's lairgest ceety, Ashgabat, is locatit athin the Ahal Province, but it haes the status o a special caipital destrict ootside the provincial jurisdiction.

## Destricts
Ahal Province is admeenistratively dividit intae 8 destricts (*etraplar*; singular *etrap*) an 2 ceeties (*il*) that hae *etrap* status. Name chynges since 1995 are shown in parentheses:

*Abadan Ceety (formerly Büzmeýin Ceety)
*Tejen Ceety – granted *etrap* status on 3 February 2008
*Akbugdaý District (umwhile Gäwers Destrict)
*Babadaýhan District
*Baharly District (umwhile Bäherden Destrict)
*Gökdepe District
*Kaka District
*Ruhabat District
*Sarahs District
*Tejen District

## References
Tokmok

**Tokmok** (, *Tokmok* ('hammer'); , *Tokmak*) is a ceety o aboot 60,654 (2008) (accordin, tae ither data, "ower 58,000") in northren Kyrgyzstan, east o the kintra's caipital o Bishkek. Its geographical location is ; its altitude is 816 m abuin sea level. Frae 2004 till 19 Aprile 2006 it served as the admeenistrative seat o Chui Province. Juist tae the north is the Chu River an the border wi Kazakhstan.

Tokmok wis established as a northren military ootpost o the Khanate o Kokand ca. 1830. Thirty years later, it fell tae the Roushies who demolisht the fort. The modren toun wis foondit on 13 Mey 1864 bi Colonel Mikhail Chernyayev.

Currently, the ceety o Tokmok is a destrict-level admeenistrative unit o Chuy Province. Although the ceety is surroondit bi the province's Chuy Destrict (whose admeenistrative center is the veelage o Chuy, adjacent tae Tokmok), it is no a pairt o it.

## Medieval heritage

Despite its relatively modren oreegin, Tokmak stands in the middle o the Chui valley, which wis a prize sought bi mony medieval conquerors. The ruins o Ak-Beshim, the caipital o the Wastren Turkic Khaganate, are situatit 8&nbsp;km soothwast frae Tokmok. The Tang Dynasty poet Li Bai is thocht tae hae been born in this aurie, as wis Yusuf Has Hajib Balasaguni, author o the Kutadgu Bilig.

Aboot 15&nbsp;km sooth o Tokmok is the 11t-century Burana Tower, locatit on the grunds o an ancient citadel o which today ae a lairge earthen moond remains.  This is believed tae be the site o the ancient ceety o Balasagun, foondit bi the Sogdians an later for some time the caipital o the Kara-Khanid empire.  A lairge collection o ancient gravestanes an bal-bals is nearbi.  Excavatit Scythian artifacts hae been moved tae museums in St. Petersburg an Bishkek.

## See an aa
* Suyab

## References

## Freemit airtins

* Ceety site Tokmok  (roushie)
* Forum Tokmok  (roushie)
* Bord Tokmok  (roushie)
* Photo Tokmok  (roushie)
* Dating Tokmok  (roushie)
Naryn

**Naryn** is the provincial admeenistrative centre o the Naryn Province in central Kyrgyzstan, wi a population o 52,300 (2008). It is situatit on baith banks o the Naryn River, (ane o the main heid waters o the Syr Darya), which cuts a picturesque gorge throu the toun. The ceety haes twa regional museums an some hotels, but is itherwise residential.

Fre Naryn, the main road (ane o the branches o the auncient Silk Road) runs sooth throu the sparsely settled central Kyrgyz hielands tae the Torugart Pass an Cheenae. At present, this is the main transport link frae Kyrgyzstan tae Cheenae.

Naryn hosts ane o three campuses o the University o Central Asie (UCA). The University wis foondit in 2000 bi the governments o Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic an Tajikistan, an His Heichness the Aga Khan. It is the warld’s first internaitionally chartered institution o heicher education. The UCA currently operates a School o Professional an Continuin Education (SPCE) , wi a School o Unnergraduate Studies an a Graduate School o Development in the process o bein established.

The ceety haes a bandy club.http://www.canadabandy.ca/pages/feb7_release.php 

## Freemit airtins
*Celestial Mountains Travel Encyclopedia o Kyrgyzstan  [Inglis]
*Naryn Photo Gallery [Inglis]
Almaty

**Almaty** (), an aa kent bi its umwhile names **Verny** (Roushie: *Верный*, "Faithful," prior tae 1921) an **Alma-Ata** (, atween 1921 an 1992), is the umwhile caipital an still lairgest ceety in Kazakhstan, wi a population o 1,348,500 (1 September 2008). This represents 9% o the population o the kintra.

It wis the caipital o the Kazakh SSR an its successor Kazakhstan frae 1929 tae 1997. Despite losin its status as the caipital tae Nursultan in 1997, Almaty remains the major commercial centre o Kazakhstan. It is locatit in soothren Kazakhstan, near the mairch wi Kyrgyzstan.

## References
Astana, Kazakhstan

**Astana** (), umwhile kent as *Akmola*, *Tselinograd* (, till 1992) an *Akmolinsk* (Roushie: *Акмолинск*, till 1961), is the caipital an seicont lairgest city (efter Almaty) o Kazakhstan, wi an offeecially estimatit population o 1 078,384 as o 2022. It is locatit in the north-central portion o Kazakhstan, athin Akmola Province, tho administrated separately frae the province as a federal city area.

## Sister ceeties

Nursultan is twinned wi:

## References
Rasŏn

**Rasŏn** (umwhile **Rajin-Sŏnbong**; ) is a North Korean ceety in the Kwanbuk region an location o the Rajin-Sonbong Economic Special Zone. In 2000 the name wis shortened frae "Rajin-Sŏnbong" tae "Rasŏn". Frae 1993 tae 2004 wis administered separately frae North Hamgyŏng as the Directly Governed Ceety (*Chikhalsi*) o Rasŏn. Prior tae 1993 an frae 2004 tae 2009 the ceety haed been pairt o the North Hamgyŏng Province. Syne 2010 the ceety is a "Special Ceety", again breakin frae provincial control but different tae its aulder designation as a "Directly Governed Ceety". It is unclear what this means in practice. Rason borders Jilin province o Cheenae an Primorsky Krai o Roushie. In Sooth Korean pronunciation, the initial "R" o the name is pronoonced as "N," as per staundart Korean phonology.

## References
Kipchak leid

The **Kipchak leid** (spelt **Qypchaq** an aa) is an extinct Turkic leid o the Kipchak group.

The descendants o the Kipchak language include the feck o Turkic leids spoken in Eastren Europe an the Caucasus the day, as Kipchak wis uised as a lingua franca in Golden Horde-ruled lands. 

Kazakhs are remnants o Eastren Kipchak tribes that bided in Northren Kazakhstan in the 10t yeirhunner, but migratit tae Europe later. Sae, their leid originates frae a mair isolatit form o earlier Kipchak.
Bolgar-speakin Volga Bulgarians (or Kazan Tatars), Astrakhan Tatars, Balkars, Bashkirs an Mongolian aristocracy adoptit the Kipchak leid in the days o the Golden Horde. 

## See also
*Kipchak leids
*Kipchaks
*Kazakh leid
*Crimean Tatar leid
*Fergana Kipchak leid

## Freemit airtins
*Leid museum 
*Written monuments o Turkic leids
Daegu

**Daegu** (), forbye kent as Taegu, an offeecially the **Daegu Metropolitan Ceety**, is the third lairgest metropolitan aurie in Sooth Korea, an bi ceety leemits, the fowert lairgest wi ower 2.5 million fowk. The ceety is the caipital an principal ceety o the surroondin province, Gyeongsangbuk-do, tho it isnae legally pairt o the province. Thir twa auries are aften cawed Daegu-Gyeongbuk, an hae a population o ower 5 million.

The ceety is locatit in sooth-eastren Korea aboot 80&nbsp;km inby frae seacoast, near the Geumho River an its mainstream, Nakdong River in Gyeongsang-do, forbye cried the Yeongnam region. The Daegu basin, whaur the ceety lees, is the middle pairt an rare plain o that region. It made the ceety the region's centre o politics, economy, an cultur.

In auncient times, Daegu wis pairt o the Silla Kinrick that unified the Korean Peninsula first, an in the Joseon Dynasty period, it wis the caipital o Gyeongsang-do whilk wis ane o aicht provinces o the kintra. The ceety itsel wis the hame o the regimes in Sooth Korea's swith economic growthe period (1960's–1980's). The day, the ceety haes acome ane o the major ceeties o the kintra an is makkin efforts tae be the centre o the fashion an hie-tech industries. Due tae its status as a cultural center, thare mony eiknames for the ceety includin "Apple's Ceety", "Bonnie's Ceety", "Textile Ceety", an "Fashion Ceety".

## Sister ceeties
* Atlanta, Unitit States (1981)
* Almaty, Kazakhstan (1990)
* Qingdao, Cheenae (1993)
* Minas Gerais, Brazil (1994)
* Hiroshima, Japan (1997)
* Saunt Petersburg, Roushie (1997)
* Plovdiv, Bulgarie (2002)
* Taipei, Taiwan (2010)
* Natal, Brazil (2012)

## References
Busan

**Busan** (Offeecially **Busan Metropolitan Ceety**), umwhile spelled **Pusan** ()  is Sooth Korea's seicont lairgest metropolis efter Seoul, wi a population o aroond 3.6 million. It is the lairgest port ceety in Sooth Korea an the fift lairgest port in the warld. The ceety is locatit on the sootheastrenmaist tip o the Korean peninsula an faces the Korea Strait. The maist densely biggit up auries o the ceety are situatit in a nummer o nairae valleys atween the Nakdong River an Suyeong River, wi muntains separatin some o the destricts. Admeenistratively, it is designatit as a Metropolitan Ceety. The Busan metropolitan aurie is dividit intae 15 major admeenistrative destricts an a single coonty.

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns an sister ceeties

Busan shares the teetle o sister ceety wi several coastal ceeties or provinces aroond the warld.

### Friendship ceeties
*  Shenzhen, Cheenae (2007)
*  Tianjin, Cheenae (2007)
*  Osaka, Japan (2008)
*  Chongqing, Cheenae (2010)
*  Bangkok, Thailand (2011)

### Sister ports
The Port o Busan an aw haes 6 sister ports (leetit in order o dates).
* – Port o Soothampton, Unitit Kinrick (1978)
* – Port o Seattle, USA (1981)
* – Port o Osaka, Japan (1985) 
* – Port o Rotterdam, Netherlands (1985)
* – Port o New York & New Jersey, USA (1988)
* – Port o Shanghai, Cheenae (1994)

## References
Amman

**Amman** (; , *ʿAmmān*) is the caipital an lairgest ceety o the Hashemite Kinrick o Jordan. A ceety o ower 2 million indwallers (2010 estimate), it is the kintra's poleetical, cultural an commercial centre an ane o the auldest continuously inhabitit ceeties in the warld. Amman is the admeenistrative seat o the homonymous govrenorate.

Amman wis named ane o the Middle East an North Africae's best ceeties accordin tae economic, labour, enviornmental, an socio-cultural factors.

## Destricts
The ceety is admeenistered as the Greater Amman Municipality (GAM) an covers 27 destricts which include:

 

## Cultur

### Cuisine

The *[[New York Times]]* praised the cuisine o Amman. "You’ll fynd the bricht vegetables frae Lebanon, crunchy falafels frae Sirie, juicy kebabs frae Egyp an, maist recently, spicy meat dishes frae Jordan’s neebour, Iraq. It’s kent as the fuid o the Levant&nbsp;— a auncient wird for the aurie boondit bi the Mediterranean Sea an the Arabie Peninsula. But the fuid here isna juist the sum ofits calories. In this poleetically, releegiously an ethnically fraucht corner o the warld, it is a seembol o bloodlines an identity."

## Sport
Amman-based fitball clubs Al-Wihdat an Al-Faisaly hae wan the naitional league several times.

The 2007 Asian Championships in Athletics an 2009 IAAF Warld Cross Kintra Championships wur hauden in the ceety.

Amman hosts the Jordan Rally, whilk form pairt o the FIA Warld Rally Championship, becomin the lairgest sportin event hauden in Jordan iver.
Amman an aa hosts the Sama Tournament whilk is a pairt o the Trillium Championship.

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns — sister ceeties
Amman is twinned wi:

## References

## Freemit airtins

* 
* Amman Ceety Guide
* 360 degrees panorama frae the Citadel Hill in central Amman 
* Amman interactive map 
* Amman Discussion Forum  
* Amman photo Gallery 
* Amman photo Slideshow 
* Wabsteid for Amman's centennial celebrations tellin the modren history o the ceety
* Jordan Times Urban Crossroads airticles on Amman
Islamabad

(Punjabi, Pashto, ) *Islām ābād* (Meanin "Abode o Islam") is the caipital o Pakistan an the tent lairgest ceety in the kintra. Locatit in the Islamabad Caipital Territory, the population o the ceety haes increased frae 100,000 in 1951  tae 1.21 million in 2009. The Rawalpindi/Islamabad Metropolitan Aurie is the third lairgest in Pakistan wi a population o ower 4.5 million indwallers.

## Sister ceeties
Follaein ceeties hae twin ceety relationships wi Islamabad.
*  Venice, Italy, 1960
*  Amman, Jordan, Mairch 19, 1989
*  Ankara, Turkey, 1982
*  Beijing, Cheenae, October 8, 1993
*  Seoul, Sooth Korea, Announced November 7, 2008
*  Madrid, Spain, Juin 5, 2010
*  Jakarta, Indonesie, 1984. Restarted in 2010

## References
Baghdad

**Baghdad** (Persie; , **', ) is the [[Caipital ceety|caipital]] o [[Iraq]] an o [[Baghdad Province]], wi whilk it is coterminous. Haein a population estimatit atween 7 an 7.5 million, it is the lairgest ceety in Iraq an the seicont lairgest ceety in the [[Arab Warld]] (efter [[Cairo, Egyp]]).

Locatit on the [[Tigris|River Tigris]], the ceety dates back tae the 8t century. Baghdad haes a past as a centre o the Arab an [[Muslim warld]] especially durin the [[Abbasid Caliphate]].

== Sister ceeties ==
*  **Amman**, [[Jordan]]
*  **Beirut**, [[Lebanon]]
*  **Dubai**, [[Unitit Arab Emirates]]
*  **Sana'a''', Yemen
*  Nishapur, Iran
*  Pyongyang, North Korea 
*  Basra, Iraq

## References
El Tumbador

**El Tumbador** is a municipality in the San Marcos depairtment o Guatemala. The population is maistly o Mam fowk, who speak thair awn leid. It wis foondit in 1878.

The main soorce o income is agricultur—farmin an ainimal husbandry. Fowk produce maistly coffee, but an aa succarcane, beans, cassava, fruits an spices—cardamom an macadamia. Cattle, horse, sheep an goats are bred in the aurie as well.

## Freemit airtins
*Tourist information
Viña del Mar

**Viña del Mar** (/BIH-nyaw DELLE MAHR "Sea Vinyard" in Spainyie), an aa kent locally as **La Ciudad Jardín** (Spainyie for: "The Garden Ceety"), is a Chilean commune an coastal ceety in Valparaíso Province, Valparaíso Region. Wi a population o 286,931 (2002 census), it is Chile's fowert lairgest ceety. It is an aa pairt of the Greater Valparaíso aurie, the kintra's seicont lairgest conurbation (pop. 803,683, 2002 census), which includes nearbi Valparaíso an ither ceeties.

Viña del Mar is best kent as a tourist an balneario beach destination (wi multiple beaches includin Reñaca, Las Salinas, Miramar, Casino, an ithers). Ane o its key attractions are a gamblin casino an a yearly muisic festival, Festival Internacional de la Canción de Viña del Mar (Spainyie: "Viña del Mar International Song Festival") that is hostit in the Quinta Vergara Amphitheater.

## References
Muscat, Oman

**Muscat** (Arabic: مسقط, ) is the caipital an lairgest ceety o Oman. It is an aa the seat o government an lairgest ceety in the Governorate o Muscat. As o 2008, the population o the Muscat metropolitan aurie wis 1,090,797. The metropolitan aurie spans approximately 1,500 km2 (580 sq mi) an includes sax *[[wilayat]]s*. Kent syne the early 1st century AD as an important tradin port atween the wast an the east, Muscat wis ruled bi various indigenous tribes as well as foreign pouers such as the Persians an the Portuguese Empire at various points in its history. A regional military pouer in the 18t century, Muscat's influence extendit as far as East Africae an Zanzibar. As an important port-toun in the Gulf o Oman, Muscat attractit foreign tradesmen an settlers such as the Persians, the Balochis an Gujaratis. Syne the ascension o Qaboos bin Said as Sultan o Oman in 1970, Muscat haes experienced rapid infrastructural development that haes led tae the growth o a vibrant economy an a multi-ethnic society.

The rocky Wastren Al Hajar Muntains dominate the landscape o Muscat. The ceety lies on the Arabian Sea alang the Gulf o Oman an is in the proximity o the strategic Straits o Hormuz. Law-lyin white buildings typify maist o Muscat's urban landscape, while the port-destrict o Muttrah, wi its corniche an harbour, form the north-eastren periphery o the ceety. Muscat's economy is dominatit bi trade, petroleum an portin.

## References
Afghanistan

**Afghanistan** is a landlocked an muntainous kintra in sooth-central Asie. It is mairched bi Pakistan in the sooth an east, Iran in the wast, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan an Tajikistan in the north, an Cheenae in the far northeast. The territories that nou mak up Afghanistan hae been an auncient focal pynt o the Silk Road an human migration. Archaeologists hae foond evidence o human habitation frae as far back as 50,000 BC. Urban civilisation micht hae begoud in the area as aerlie as 3000 tae 2000 BC.

The kintra sits at an important geostrategic location whilk connects the Middle East wi Central Asie an the Indian subcontinent, that haes been hame tae mony fowks throu the ages. The land haes witnessed mony military conquests sin antiquity, includin bi Alexander the Great, the Mauryans, Muslim Arabs, Genghis Khan, Mughals an ithers. It haes servit as a soorce frae whilk mony dynasties sic as the Greco-Bactrians, Kushans, Hephthalites, Shahis, Samanids, Saffarids, Ghaznavids, Ghurids, Timurids an ithers hae establisht empires o thair ain an aa.

## References
Kabul

**Kabul** ( *Kābol* ;  *Kābul* ; archaic **Caubul**), is the caipital an maistmuckle city o Afghanistan, locatit in the Kabul Province. Accordin tae the 2008 offeecial estimates, the population o Kabul metropolitan area is 2.8 million fowk.

It is an economic an cultural centre, situatit 5,900&nbsp;ft (1,800&nbsp;m) abuin sea level in a narrow valley, wedged atween the Hindu Kush muntains alang the Kabul River. The city is linkit wi Kandahar, Herat an Mazar-e Sharif owin tae a circular motorwey that stretches athort the kintra. It is the stairt o the main road tae Jalalabad an tae Peshawar, Pakistan an aa.

## Sister cities
*  Dubai, Unitit Arab Emirates
*  Istanbul, Turkey
*  Kazan, Roushie
*  Saskatoon, Canadae

## References
John Erskine, 18t Yerl o Mar

**John Erskine, 17t Yerl o Mar** (dee'd 28 October 1572), regent o Scotland, wis a son o John, 5t Lord Erskine, who wis guardian o King James V, an efterwards o Mary I, Queen o Scots.

Lord Mar wis Commendator o Dryburgh Abbey frae 1547, an succeedit his faither as 6t Lord Erskine in 1552. He joined the releegious reformers, but wis never very ardent in the cause. He did subscribe tae the letter askin the Calvinist reformer John Knox tae return tae Scotland in 1557. The custody o Edinburgh Castle wis in his haunds, an durin the struggle atween the regent, Mary o Guise, an the Lords o the Congregation he appears tae hae actit consistently in the interests o peace.

When Mary, Queen o Scots, returned tae Scotland in 1561 Lord Erskine wis a member o her cooncil, an he favored her marriage wi Henry Stuart, Laird Darnley, an his wife, Annabella Murray, cawed bi Knox a "verray Jesabell", wis a frequent companion o the queen. In 1565 Erskine wis grantit the yerldom o Mar. As guardian o James, afterwards King James VI, he preventit the yung prince frae fawin intae the haunds o James Hepburn, 4t Yerl o Boddle, an whan the Scots nobles rose against Mary an Boddle, Mar wis ane o thair leaders; he teuk pairt in the govrenment o Scotland durin Marys imprisonment at Lochleven, an an' a' efter her subsequent abdication. In September 1571 he wis chuisen Regent o Scotland, but he wis owershaidaed an aiblins slichtit bi the James Douglas, 4t Yerl o Morton, an he dee'd o naitural causes at Stirlin on 29 October 1572.

John began buildin the hoose at Stirling cawed 'Mar's Wark', nou a ruin in the care o Historic Scotland.

## References

Alan Stewart *Cradle King*
*
Lady Janet o Mar

**Lady Janet Helen of Mar** (b. 31 Januar 1946), (née **Lady Janet Helen Anderson**, is the sister o Margaret of Mar, 31st Coontess o Mar.

Lady Janet wis born **Janet Helen Lane** in Kenyae, the yunger dochhter o James Clifton Lane (later Master o Mar and Earl o Mar) an his first wife, Millicent Mary Salton, who frae the time o her marriage till her daith wis aaways kent as Mrs Mary Lane an niver, as haes sometimes been statit, as the Mistress o Mar, a substantive title that can be uised ae bi the senior heiress presumptive. 

In 1959, the Master o Mar (succeedit as Earl o Mar in 1965) wis offeecially recognized bi the Lord Lyon in the surname *of Mar*. His son David (Lord Garioch), an his dochhters Margaret an Janet wur an aa *of Mar* frae that time onwards. Lord Garioch dee'd in 1967, an Lady Margaret, the elder co-heiress presumptive o her faither, eventually succeeded as the 31st haulder o the Earldom in 1975.

Lady Janet, the yunger co-heiress presumptive, married Lt-Cdr Laurence of Mar, RN (umwhile Laurence Duncan McDiarmid Anderson) on Mairch 22, 1969, an wis kent as Lady Janet Anderson for ae a few months; frae October 1969 she an her husband wur offeecially recognized bi warrant o the Lord Lyon in the style *of Mar*, the surname *Anderson* being formally abandoned. Laurence bears the Mar airms, differenced, bi the Feudal Courtesy o
Scotland. The style *of Mar* is a "name o nobility" an shoud no be confused wi Scots territorial designations.
 
They hae twa dochters:

* Elizabeth of Mar (b. 1970)
* Catherine of Mar (b. 13 Mey 1971), marriet tae Stuart Kelly, haed issue.

## References
Cheenese Ceevil War

The **Cheenese Ceevil War** wis a ceevil war focht atween the Kuomintang (KMT or Cheenese Naitionalist Pairty), the governin pairty o the Republic o Cheenae an the Communist Pairty o Cheenae (CPC). The war began in Aprile 1927, amidst the Northren Expedition. The war representit an ideological split atween the Wastren-supportit Naitionalist KMT, an the Soviet-supportit Communist CPC. In mainland Cheenae the day, the war is mair commonly kent as the **War o Liberation**.

The civil war continued intermittently till the Seicont Sino-Japanese War interruptit it, resultin in the twa pairties formin a Seicont Unitit Front. Japan's campaign wis defeatit in 1945, markin the end o Warld War II, an Cheenae's full-scale ceevil war resumed in 1946. Efter a further fower years, 1950 saw a cessation o major military hostilities&mdash;wi the newly foondit Fowkrepublic o Cheenae controllin mainland Cheenae (includin Hainan Island), an the Republic o Cheenae's jurisdiction bein restrictit tae Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu an several ootlyin Fujianese islands. Tae this day, syne nae armistice or peace treaty haes iver been signed, thare is controversy as tae whether the Ceevil War haes legally endit. The day, the twa sides o the Taiwan strait hae close economic ties.

## See anaw

* Cheenese unification

## Notes


## References
Salalah

**Salalah** (), is the caipital an seat o the governor or Wali o the soothren Omani province o Dhofar. The population o Salalah is 197,169 as o 2009.

Salalah is the seicont lairgest ceety in the Sultanate o Oman, an the lairgest ceety in the Dhofar Provence.  The coastal ceety o Salalah is a traditional stranghauld an birthplace o the Sultan, Qaboos bin Said. The Sultan tradeetionally lives in Salalah rather than in Muscat, the caipital an lairgest ceety in Oman; Qaboos haes bucked this trend, an haes lived in Muscat syne he ascendit tae the throne in 1970. He daes housomeivver veesit Salalah fairly regularly tae meet wi influential tribal an local leaders; his last veesit wis in 2006 an afore that he visitit in 2002. In mid-2009 the massive Sultan Qaboos Mosque wis opened in Salalah, 39 years efter he haed taken the throne.

## References
Sur, Oman

**Sur** () is a caipital ceety o Ash Sharqiyah Region, northeastern Oman, on the coast o the Gulf o Oman. It is locatit at aroond , and is 93 mile (150&nbsp;km) sootheast o the Omani caipital Muscat.  Historically the ceety is kent for being an important destination point for sailors.  The day the sea still plays an important pairt o life in Sur.

Bi the 6t century, Sur wis an established centre for trade wi East Africae. In the 16t century, it was under Portuguese rule but wis liberatit bi the Omani imam Nasir ibn Murshid an unnerwent an economic revival, as a trade centre wi Indie an East Africae. This continued till the mid-19t century, when the Breetish ootlawed the slave trade. The ceety wis further ruined bi the openin o the Suez Canal, which saw it lose trade wi Indie.

The day the ceety haes retained its reputation as a major dhow-buildin toun, the vera same vessels that wur uised for trade twa centuries previously.

The main college in Sur is the Sur College o Applied Sciences. The college haes ower 4000 students an affers degrees in Business, Communication, Information Technology an Design. It is considered ane o the better institutions o heichher learnin in Oman.

Ane o the famous ceeties in the Gulf o Oman in buildin widden ships, its historical location gives it the hand tae monitor the Gulf o Oman an the Indian Ocean. Mony ships been built in this ceety an went tae Cheenae, Indie, Zanzibar, Iraq an mony kintras.

Sur wis battered badly bi Cyclone Gonu in Juin, 2007.

## External links
* World66 
*  http://www.surcity.net
Walloon leid

**Walloon** (*Walon*) is a Romance leid which wis spoken as a primary leid in lairge portions (70 %) o the Walloon Region o Belgium an some villages o northren Fraunce (near Givet) til the middle o the 20t century.
It belangs tae the *[[langue d'oïl]]* language family, whose maist prominent member is the French leid. The historical backgrund o its formation wis the territorial extension since 980 o the Principality o Liège tae the sooth an wast.

Despite its rich leeteratur, beginnin anonymously in the 16t century, an wi weill-kent authors since 1756 (see the paragraph *Literature*), the uise o Walloon haes decreasit mairkedly since Fraunce's annexation o Wallonie in 1795. This period definitively establishit French as the leid o social promotion, far mair nor it wis afore. Although Belgium gainit its independence in 1830, French haed been established as the primary leid o instruction in muckle o the kintra. Efter Warld War I, public schules providit French-speakin education tae aw bairns, inducin a denigration o Walloon, especially when accompanit bi offeecial orders in 1952 tae punish its uise in schools. Subsequently, sin the middle o the 20t century, generational transmission o the leid haes decreasit, resulting in Walloon's amaist becomin a deid leid. Today it is scarcely spoken amang yunger fowk.

Numerous associations, especially theatre companies, are wirkin tae keep the leid alive. On a government level, Walloon is offeecially recognisit as a *langue régionale endogène* (regional indigenous leid) (Décret Valmy Féaux, 14 o December 1990). Walloon haes an aa benefitit frae a continued corpus plannin process. The "Feller system" (1900) regularized transcription o the different accents. Since the 1990s, a common orthography wis establishit, which alloued lairge-scale publications, such as the ''Walloon Wikipedia''.

Walloon is mair distinct as a leid than Belgian French, which differs frae the French spoken in Fraunce ae in some minor points o vocabulary an pronunciation.

## References
Reykjavík

**Reykjavík** () is the caipital an lairgest ceety o Iceland. Its latitude at 64°08' N makes it the warld's northrenmaist caipital o a sovereign state. It is locatit in soothwastren Iceland, on the soothren shore o Faxaflói Bay. Wi a population o aroond 120,000 (an ower 200,000 in the Greater Reykjavík Aurie) it is the hert o Iceland's economic an governmental activity.

Reykjavík is believed tae be the location o the first permanent settlement in Iceland, which Ingólfur Arnarson is said tae hae established aroond 870. Till the 18t century, there wis nae urban development in the ceety location. The ceety wis foondit in 1786 as an offeecial tradin toun an grew steadily ower the next decades, as it transformed intae a regional an later naitional centre o commerce, population an governmental activities.

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns — Sister ceeties

## Notes
Upper Sorbian leid

**Upper Sorbian** () is a minority language spoken bi Sorbs in Germany in the historical province o Upper Lusatia (*Hornja Łužica* in Sorbian), which is today pairt o Saxony. It is grouped in the Wast Slavic leid branch, thegither wi Lawer Sorbian, Czech, Polish, Slovak an Kashubian.

## The Upper Sorbian leid in Germany

There are estimatit tae be 40,000 speakers o Upper Sorbian, o which amaist aw live in Saxony. This puts Upper Sorbian as the third lairgest minority leid in Germany, efter Turkis an Dens, but afore Frisian.

## See an aa
*Sorbian alphabet
*Lawer Sorbian leid
Austrick-Hungary

**Austrick-Hungary** or **Austro-Hungarian Monarchy**, kent as the *Dual Monarchy* in Inglis or the *k.u.k.* (''Kaiserlich'' *und königliche*; Scots: 'Imperial an Ryal') *Monarchie* in German an aa, wis a monarchic union atween the crouns o the Austrian Empire an the Kinrick o Hungary in Central Europe. The union wis a result o the ''Ausgleich'' or Compromise o 1867, unner whilk the Austrian Hoose o Habsburg agreed tae share pouer wi the separate Hungarian govrenment, dividin the territory o the umwhile Austrian Empire atween them. The Dual Monarchy haed existit for 51 year whan it dissolved on October 31, 1918 follaein militar defeat in the First Warld War.

## References
Sur

**Sur** mey refer tae:

*Sur, Oman, the eastrenmaist major toun in Oman
*Sur, Lebanon, a.k.a Tyre
*Sur, Fujairah, a dounset in Fujairah
*Sur, Switzerland, is a veelage in the canton of Grisons
*Súr, a veelage in Hungary
* Notes in Indian muisic, see swara
*Sur (film) (1988), Argentine movie directit bi Fernando Solana
*Sur (mexican movie) (1969), Mexican movie directed bi Gabriel Retes
*Sur-The Melody of Life (2002), Indian movie directed bi Tanuja Chandra
*Sur (magazine), umwhile literary jurnal published in Buenos Aires, backed bi Victoria Ocampo
*Sur (tango), weel kent tango sang componed bi Homero Manzi an Aníbal Troilo
*A Sur afferin in Tibetan Buddhism is a burnt afferin made tae dispel obstacles an tae help beings in the transitional state
*Sur Dynasty, Afghan faimily which ruled northren Indie atween 1540 an 1555/56
*A French prefix meanin *ower* or *on*
*Sur is Spainyie for Sooth, an is commonly foond in place names lik Baja Californie Sur
**Canal Sur, TV channel in Andalusie, Spain
**TeleSUR, Latin-American TV channel
*, a Panamanian coaster in service 1955-65

**SUR** mey refer tae:

* The Republic o Suriname
* Rouble, the currency o the Soviet Union
* Seemingly unrelated regressions, a statistical technique for analysin multivariate data
* Sulfonylurea receptor, the molecular target o sulfonylurea antidiabetic drugs
* Summer Beaver Airport, the IATA airport code
* Sydney University Regiment, a regiment o the Australian Airmy
* Sur (Bagram captive), named on a leet o Captives held in the Bagram Theater Internment Facility on 2009-09-22
Paramaribo

**Paramaribo** (nickname: **Par′bo**) is the caipital an lairgest ceety o Suriname, locatit on banks o the Suriname River in the Paramaribo Destrict. Paramaribo haes a population o roughly 250,000 fowk, mair nor hauf o Suriname's population. The historic inner ceety o Paramaribo haes been a UNESCO Warld Heritage Steid syne 2002.
Akhisar

**Akhisar** (*pronounced: ah-kee-sahr, or mair formally, ahk-hee-sahr*) is a coonty destrict an its toun centre in Manisa Province in the Aegean region o Wastren Turkey. Akhisar is an aa the auncient ceety o Thyatira or Thyateira.

Wi archaeological findins that are provin settlements goin back tae 3000 BC, Akhisar haes been a busy tred centre wi its strategic location at the intersection o important roads durin auncient an medieval ages. It wis ane o the ceeties whaur money wis first uised. Akhisar an aa hostit ane o the Seiven Kirks o Revelation (Thyateira, Thyatira). The name o the ceety is mentioned in the Bible. Akhisar maintained its importance as a regional tred centre durin 600 years o Ottoman Empire.

The day's Akhisar is still the tred an business centre in its region. Akhisar's name is internaitionally recawed wi tobacco. The fertile Akhisar Plain produces aboot 10% o tot Turkish tobacco production. Akhisar's hie-quality olives an olive ile are an aa globally kent.
Chișinău

**Chişinău** (; or *Kishinev* (afore 1991), , *Kishinyov*) is the caipital an lairgest municipality o Moldovae. It is an aa its main industrial an commercial centre an is locatit in the middle o the kintra, on the river Bîc. The population o the ceety is 592,900 (2007) that grows tae 911,400 in the hale metropolitan aurie.

Chişinău is the maist economically prosperous locality in Moldovae, an its lairgest transportation hub. As the maist economically an socially important municipality in Moldovae, the ceety haes a braid reenge o eddicational facilities.

## Name
Accordin tae ae version, the name comes frae the archaic Romane wird *chişla* (meanin "spring", "soorce o watter") an *nouă* ("new"), acause it wis biggit aroond a sma spring. Nouadays, the spring is locatit at the corner o Pushkin an Albişoara streets.

Ae alternative version, bi Stefan Ciobanu, Romanie historian an academician, haulds it, that the name wis formed the same wey as the name o Chişineu (alternative spellin: Chişinău) in Wastren Romanie, naur the mairch wi Hungary. Its Hungarian name is Kisjenő, frae whilk the Romanie name oreeginates. Kisjenő in turn comes frae *kis* "sma" + the "Jenő" tribe, ane o the seiven Hungarian tribes that entered the Carpathian Basin in 896 an gied the name o 21 settlements.

Chişinău is an aa kent in Roushie as Кишинёв (*Kishinyov*). It is written *Kişinöv* in the Latin Gagauz alphabet. It wis an aa written as "Кишинэу" in the Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet in Soviet times. Historically, the Inglis leid name for the ceety, "Kishinev", wis based on the modifee'd Roushie ane acause it entered the Inglis leid via Roushie at the time Chişinău wis pairt o the Roushie Empire (e.g. Kishinev pogrom). Therefore, it remains a common Inglis name in some historical contexts. Itherweys, housomeivver, the Romanie-based "Chişinău" haes been steadily gainin braider uiss, especially in written leid.

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns - Sister ceeties
Chişinău is twinned wi:

## References