18 Juin

The **18t o Juin** is the 169t day o the year (170t in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, wi 196 days bidin.

## Events

* 1156 - Pape Adrian IV an William I o Sicily agree tae the Treaty o Benevento, in which the Pape recognises the Norman Kinrick o Sicily.
* 1264 - First sittin o the Erse pairlament.
* 1778 - American Revolutionary War: Breetish troops abandon Philadelphia.
* 1815 - Napoleon I is defeatit bi an alliance consistin o the Unitit Kinrick, Proushie an Roushie at the Battle o Waterloo in present-day Belgium.
* 1858 - Charles Darwin receives a letter frae Alfred Russel Wallace, wha haed reachit very seemilar conclusions on Evolution tae him.
* 1859 - The Aletschhorn in the Swiss Alps is climbed for the first time, bi Inglisman Francis Fox Tuckett an three Swiss muntain guides.
* 1928 - Amelia Earhart becomes the first wumman tae cross the Atlantic Ocean by plane, as a passenger o Wilmer Stultz.
* 1928 - Norse splorer Roald Amundsen disappears on a rescue mission in the Airctic.
* 1932 - FIBA, the warld govrenin body o basketbaw, is foondit.
* 1940 - Warld War II: Charles de Gaulle issues the "Appell o Juin 18t".
* 1940 - Warld War II: Winston Churchill delivers his "Finest Hour" speech.
* 1945 - William Joyce, kent as "Laird Haw-Haw", is chairged wi treason for pro-German propaganda braidcasts durin Warld War II.
* 1946 - Italy is proclaimed a republic.
* 1953 - Egyp becomes a republic.
* 1953 - The Tachikawa air disaster in Japan kills 129 fowk.
* 1970 - The Conservative Pairty unner Edward Heath wins the Unitit Kinrick general election.
* 1972 - A Lunnon Heathrow tae Brussels flicht crashes shortly efter tak-aff, killin 118 fowk. 
* 1979 - US Preses Jimmy Carter an Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev sign the SALT-II airms reduction treaty.
* 1983 - Sally Ride becomes the first American woman in space.
* 1984 - A confrontation atween 5,000 polis afficers an a seemilar nummer o strikin miners occurs at Orgreave in Sooth Yorkshire durin the 1984-85 Miners' Strike.
* 1994 - Members o the Ulster Volunteer Force kill sax civilians in a pub in Loughinisland, Northren Ireland.
* 1995 - FIFA Weemen's Warld Cup: Norawa wins the toornament, defeatin Germany 2-0 in the feenal.
* 2014 - The pairlament in Luxembourg votes in favour o same-sex marriage.

## Births

* 1743 - Alexander Gordon, 4t Duke o Gordon, Scots nobleman (d. 1827)
* 1799 - William Lassell, Inglis astronomer (d. 1880)
* 1845 - Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran, French pheesician (d. 1922)
* 1868 - Miklos Horthy, Regent o Hungary (d. 1957)
* 1874 - George Tupou II, Keeng o Tonga (d. 1918)
* 1884 - Edouard Daladier, Prime meenister o Fraunce (d. 1970)
* 1885 - Margaret Hasluck, Scots geografer (d. 1948)
* 1886 - George Mallory, Inglis mountaineer (d. 1924)
* 1901 - Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna o Roushie (d. 1918)
* 1903 - Ian Campbell, 11t Duke o Argyll, Scots peer (d. 1973)
* 1918 - Franco Modigliani, Italian economist (d. 2003)
* 1929 - Juergen Habermas, German philosopher
* 1931 - Fernando Henrique Cardoso, umwhile Preses o Brazil
* 1936 - Barack Obama, Sr., faither o Barack Obama (d. 1982)
* 1942 - John Bellany, Scots penter (d. 2013)
* 1942 - Paul McCartney, Inglis muisicker
* 1942 - Roger Ebert, American film critic (d. 2013)
* 1942 - Thabo Mbeki, umwhile Preses o Sooth Africae
* 1946 - Fabio Capello, Italian fitbawer an manager
* 1949 - Jaroslaw Kaczynski, umwhile Prime meenister o Poland
* 1949 - Lech Kaczyński, Preses o Poland (d. 2010)
* 1952 - Isabella Rossellini, Italian actress
* 1954 - Neil Smith, Scots geografer (d. 2012)
* 1986 - Richard Gasquet, French tennis player
* 1986 - Richard Madden, Scots actor
* 1988 - Josh Dun, American sangster (Twenty One Pilots)
* 1989 - Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang, Gabonese fitbawer

## Daiths
* 1883 - John James Waterston, Scots pheesicist (b. 1811)
* 1928 - Roald Amundsen, Norwegian splorer o the Airctic an the Antarcticae (b. 1872)
* 1936 - Maxim Gorky, Roushie writer (b. 1868)
* 1971 - Paul Karrer, Swiss chemist (b. 1889)
* 1974 - Georgy Zhukov, Marshal o the Soviet Union (b. 1896)
* 1988 - Archie Cochrane, Scots medicinar (b. 1909)
* 2010 - José Saramago, Portuguese writer (b. 1922)
* 2018 - XXXTentacion, American rapper (b. 1998)
* 2020 - Dame Vera Lynn, Inglis sangster (b. 1917)

## Halidays
* The **18t o Juin** is the feast day o the follaein saunts:
:St. Gregory Barbarigo
:St. Marina
:St. Alena
:St. Amandus
:St. Aquilina
:St. Calogerus
:St. Guy
:St. Elizabeth o Schonau
:St. Fortunatus
:St. Leontius
:St. Mark & Marcellian
:St. Osmanna
* Autistic Pride Day
* Republic Day (Egyp)

## Fremmit airtins
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