open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Azraq

**Azraq** () is a sma toun in the o Zarqa Govrenorate in central-eastren Jordan, 100&nbsp;km east o Amman. The population o Azraq wis 9021 bodies in 2004.

## History

Azraq haes lang been an important settlement in a remote an nou-arid desert aurie o Jordan. The strategic value o the toun an its castle (Qasr Azraq) is that it lies in the middle o the Azraq oasis, the anerlie permanent source o fresh water in approximately 19,000,000 square kilometres o desert.

The toun is locatit on a major desert route that wad hae facilitatit trade athin the region. The Azraq oasis haes a lang history beginnin in the Lawer Palaeolithic period. Mony Palaeolithic steids hae been documentit in the Azraq Wetlands Reserve. Durin the Epipalaeolithic period the oasis wis an' a' an important focus o settlement. Nabatean period settlement activity haes an aa been documentit in the aurie. Qasr Azraq wis built bi the Romans in the 3rd century A.D., an wis hivily modife'd in the Middle Ages by the Mameluks. In the Umayyad period a water reservoir was constructed in southern Azraq. Durin the Arab Revolt in the early 20th century, Qasr Azraq wis an important heidquarters for T. E. Lawrence.

## Demographics
Accordin tae the Jordan Naitional Census o 2004, the population o Azraq wis 9,021 bodies, o whom 7,625 (84.5%) wur Jordanian citizens. 4,988 (55.3%) wur males, an 4,033 (44.7%) females. The next census is scheduled for 2014.  

## Wildlife reserve

Azraq is an aa notable as being the steid o ane o Jordan's seiven protectit nature reserve auries (setup bi the Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature): the Azraq Wetlands Reserve in Azraq al-Janoubi (Sooth Azraq).

The separate an lairger Shaumari reserve is an aa close tae Azraq, being anerlie 10&nbsp;km sooth o the toun.

## References
Shabwah Govrenorate

**Shabwah** ( **) is a govrenorate (province) o Yemen.  Its main toun is Ataq.

## Destricts
*Ain Destrict
*Al Talh Destrict
*Ar Rawdah Destrict
*Arma Destrict
*As Said Destrict
*Ataq Destrict
*Bayhan Destrict
*Dhar Destrict
*Habban Destrict
*Hatib Destrict
*Jardan Destrict
*Mayfa'a Destrict
*Merkhah Al Ulya Destrict
*Merkhah As Sufla Destrict
*Nisab Destrict
*Rudum Destrict
*Usaylan Destrict

## References
Ta'izz Govrenorate

**Ta'izz** ( **) is a govrenorate o Yemen. The govrenorate's caipital is Ta'izz, which is the third lairgest ceety in Yemen. Ither major touns include Al Sawa, Juha an the famous coffee port o Mocha. It haes a tot population o juist ower three million an an aurie o 10,677&nbsp;km².

Ta'izz ceety is the major centre o Islamic learnin in Yemen an wis the naition's caipital atween 1948 an 1962. Housomeivver, it is no as auld as nearbi Ibb an Jibla. The day it is the maist important commercial centre in Yemen awin tae its proximity tae the richest fermland in the naition an tae the important Red Sea port o Mokha. It an aa haes an internaitional airport, Ta'izz Internaitional Airport, wi numerous services athin Yemen an tae neighbourin kintras.

## Geografie
For sic a sma aurie, Ta'izz govrenorate haes an extraordinarily diverse geografie. The wastern hauf o the govrenorate is pairt o the Tihamah coastal plain an haes an exceedingly het, humid an arid climate. The eastren hauf, housomeivver, is vera muntainous, wi the major peak bein 3,070-metre-heich Jebel Saber, near Ta'izz ceety. Thir muntains trap the moisture creatit bi an upper-level wind reversal atween Aprile an October, sae that in the eastren hauf o the govrenorate annual rainfaw increases frae 200 millimetres (8&nbsp;inches) in the fuithills tae probably mair nor 1,000 millimetres (40&nbsp;inches) near Jebel Saber. Temperaturs in the hielands remain heich durin the daytime, but at the heichest elevations thay can faw dramatically tae -5&nbsp;°C (23&nbsp;°F) owernicht.

## Economy
Agricultur reflects this diversity. In the Tihamah region, thare is anerlie irrigatit agricultur, wi cotton, sorghum an sesame the chief crops. Inland, whilst thir crops are still significant, a hintle wider range o crops can be grown on rainfaw an throu watter storage. Mangoes, papayas an bananaes are the major crops o the wastren escarpment, an further up coffee an khat are grown. Awtho wine is prohibitit in Yemen acause o its alcohol content, grapes are still grown tae produce raisins in some auries.

## Destricts
*Al Mukha Destrict
*Al Ma'afer Destrict
*Al Mawasit Destrict
*Al Misrakh Destrict
*Al Mudhaffar Destrict
*Al Qahirah Destrict
*Al Wazi'iyah Destrict
*As Silw Destrict
*Ash Shamayatayn Destrict
*At Ta'iziyah Destrict
*Dhubab Destrict
*Dimnat Khadir Destrict
*Hayfan Destrict
*Jabal Habashy Destrict
*Maqbanah Destrict
*Mashra'a Wa Hadnan Destrict
*Mawiyah Destrict
*Mawza Destrict
*Sabir Al Mawadim Destrict
*Salh Destrict
*Sama Destrict
*Shara'b Ar Rawnah Destrict
*Shara'b As Salam Destrict

## References
Provinces o Mozambique

Mozambique is dividit intae 10 provinces (*províncias*) an 1 caipital ceety (*cidade*) wi provincial status:
#Cabo Delgado Province
#Gaza Province
#Inhambane Province
#Manica Province
#Maputo
#Maputo Province
#Nampula Province
#Niassa Province
#Sofala Province
#Tete Province
#Zambezia Province

## See an aa
*Destricts o Mozambique
*ISO 3166-2:MZ

## Freemit airtins
* Provinces o Mozambique, Statoids.com
Bryan Gunn

**Bryan Gunn** plaed for the Scots naitional fitbaw team. He an aa plaed for Aberdeen F.C., Hibernian F.C. an Norwich Ceety F.C.
North Jeolla Province

**Jeollabuk-do** (North Jeolla) is a province in the soothwast o the Republic o Korea. The province wis formed in 1896 frae the northren hauf o the umwhile Jeolla province, an remained a province o Korea til the kintra's diveesion in 1945, then became pairt o the ROK. The provincial caipital is locatit at Jeonju, which wis the caipital o aw o Jeolla afore 1896.

## Geographical location o Jeollabuk-do

Jeollabuk-do is locatit in the wast-soothren pairt o Korea, bordered on the east-soothren bi Hadong-gun, Hamyang-gun, and Geochang-gun of Gyeongnam, and Gimcheon-si of Gyeongbuk, Bangyabong Peak o Sobaek Muntain(1,732m), Toggibong Peak(1,534m), Myeongseungbong Peak(1,586m), Baekwoonsan Muntain(1,279m), Namdeokyusan Muntain(1,508m), an Muyongsan Muntain(1,492m), on the sooth bi Yeongwang-gun, Jangseong-gun, Damyang-gun, Gokseong-gun, an Gure-gun, on the north bi Geumsan-gun, Nonsan-si, Buyeo -gun, an Seocheon-gun o Choongnam, an Yeongdong-gun of Choongbuk, an on the wast bi Cheenae ower the Yellae Sea.

The total aurie o Jeollabuk-do is 8,061.41㎢, which accoonts for 8.1% o the total aurie o the Republic o Korea.

## Transportation an industry
In the 1960s the Honam heich-gate (which haes syne been upgradit tae the Honam Expresswey) wis built. This creatit an industrial belt, connectin the ceeties o Iri (nou cried Iksan) an Gunsan (a port ceety) wi the provincial caipital o Jeonju.

## Internaitional Sisterhuid relationship & pairtnership
* Sisterhuid relationship
**  Jiangsu, Fowkrepublic o Cheenae (27 October 1994)
**  Washington, Unitit States (17 Mey 1996)
**  New Jersey State, Unitit States (19 Mey 2000) 

* Pairtnership 
**  Kagoshima Prefectur, Japan (30 October 1989)   
**  Ishikawa Prefectur, Japan (10 September 2001) 
**  Shanghai, Fowkrepublic o Cheenae (17 Aprile 2003)
**  Shandong, Fowkrepublic o Cheenae (2 November 2006)

## Admeenistrative diveesions
### Ceeties

### Coonties

## See an aa
* Leet o Korea-relatit topics
* Jeonbuk FC

## Freemit airtins
* Offeecial steid
Korea (disambiguation)

**Korea** may refer to:
;territory in East Asie
* Korea, ceevilization an geographical aurie in East Asie
** Korean Peninsula, geographical aurie in East Asie
** North Korea, kintra, offeecially kent as **the Democratic Fowkrepublic o Korea**
** Sooth Korea, kintra, offeecially kent as **the [[Republic o Korea]]**
** Goryeo , Mediaeval Kinrick in the Korean peninsula
** Goguryeo, auncient Kinrick in the Korean peninsula that chyngit its name intae Koryŏ in the 5t century

;ither toponymy
* Korea, Otwock Coonty, pairt o Sobienie Szlacheckie, east-central Poland
* Korea, Gmina Telatyn in Lublin Voivodeship (east Poland)
* Korea, Gmina Ulhówek in Lublin Voivodeship (east Poland)
* Korea Destrict (an aa spelt Koriya), Chhattisgarh, Indie
* Korea, Côte d'Ivoire, toun in Côte d'Ivoire 6.82N 6.65W
* Korea, India, toun in Indie 23.15N 83.97E
* Korea, Pakistan, toun in Pakistan 34.42N 72.62E
* Korea, Puerto Rico, toun in Puerto Rico 18.38N 65.78W
* Korea, Sudan, town in the Sudan 4.76N 33.60E
* Korea, Kentucky, location in Menifee Coonty, Kentucky, USA 37.94N 83.48W
* Korea, Virginia, location near Culpeper, Virginia, USA 38.63N 73.01W

;film
* ''Korea'' (Irish film), an Erse film directit bi Cathal Black

**Korea** mey an aa be an alternative spellin o:
*Chorea (dance), auncient Greek dance 
*Chorea (disease), medical disorder involvin involuntary movement
* Chick Corea (born 1941), American jazz pianist
* Kora, German cocktail, see Kalimotxo

## See an aa
*Names o Korea
*Corea (disambiguation)
*Korean (disambiguation)
*Leet o Korea-relatit topics
*Chorea
Janina Andersson

**Janina Maria Andersson** (born Februar 28, 1971) is a Finnish politeecian an member o Finnish Parliament, representin the Green League. She haes an aa held poseetions in various ither organisations. She wis first electit tae the parliament in 1995.

Andersson wis born in Turku, Finland. She haes a maister's degree in poleetical science frae the Åbo Akademi. Andersson is mairit wi twa childer.

## Freemit airtins
*Interview with Janina Andersson  bi the International Museum of Women.
* Official Website of Janina Andersson
Kirk o Ingland

The **Kirk o England** () is the state kirk o Ingland. The Monarch o the Unitit Kinrik is it's supreme governor, an the Airchbishop o Canterbury is it's maist senior cleric.

It is a Reformed Episcopal Christian kirk that's pairt o the Anglican Communion alang wi the Kirk o Ireland, the Scots Episcopal Kirk, The Episcopal Kirk in the USA and monie ithers.

## References
Mari Kiviniemi

**Mari Johanna Kiviniemi** (born 27 September 1968) is a Finnish politeecian, who servit as the seicont female Prime Meenister o Finland.

## Life an career
Kiviniemi wis born in Seinäjoki, Finland. She grew up in rural Soothren Ostrobothnie, the dochter o a chicken fermer, an went tae schuil in Jalasjärvi. As a teenager durin heich schuil, she spent a year as an exchynge student in Germany. She enrolled in the University o Helsinki in 1988 tae study economics an marriet Juha Mikael Louhivuori, a businessman, in 1996. They hae twa childer, Hanna an Antti. In addition tae her native Finnish, she speaks Swadish, German an Inglis.

She leets her hobbies as listenin tae classical muisic (she plays the piano an flute), runnin, skiin an in-line roller bladin. The family haes a simmer cottage on lake Vanajavesi.

Kiviniemi is a career politeecian, an first ran as a candidate for Member o Parliament in 1991, garnerin less nor 5,000 votes, while servin as the Secretary General o the Centre Pairty Student Union. The year efter completin the wirk for her Maister's degree in Social Sciences, she ran again in the 1995 general elections, this time winnin a seat frae the Soothren Ostrobothnie destrict wi 9,350 votes.

Kiviniemi is an' a' a member o the Helsinki ceety cooncil, in addition tae her wirk in naitional politics. She haes been on the ceety cooncil syne 2005.

### Leader o Centre Party
In 2003, Kiviniemi wis electit tae a leadership position athin the Centre Pairty, servin as vice-chairman (ane o three) till Juin 2008, when she wis votit aff at that simmer's party convention. She became a special advisor tae Prime Meenister Matti Vanhanen in 2004, an wis twice appointit bi him to serve as a Cabinet minister: first in September 2005 on a temporary basis when the incumbent went on maternity leave for sax month; an then on a full-time basis in Aprile 2007.

On 22 Januar 2010, ane month efter Prime Meenister Vanhanen annoonced he wad be steppin doun as leader (chair) o the Centre Pairty at its Juin 2010 convention, Kiviniemi annoonced her candidacy for the vacancy. Her campaign wis formally launched in Aprile.

Delegates tae the Centre Pairty Convention met in Lahti tae elect a new leader on 12 Juin 2010. Kiviniemi wan the seicont-roond run-aff, defeatin Mauri Pekkarinen bi a vote o 1,357 tae 1,035. Prime Meenister Vanhanen met wi Preses Tarja Halonen on Friday 18 Juin an asked her for permission tae resign as Prime Meenister. Kiviniemi's new post wis approved bi Parliament on 22 Juin 2010, wi a vote o 115 in favour, 56 against an 29 MPs abstainin or absent. Her election made her Finland's seicont female prime meenister, efter Anneli Jäätteenmäki in 2003.

## References

## Freemit airtins

* Offeecial wabsteid  
* CV at the Prime Meenister's wabsteid
Larnaca

**Larnaca**, (, *Lárnaka* or colloquially *Skala*; /*İskele*) is the third lairgest ceety on the soothren coast o Cyprus efter Nicosia an Limassol. It haes a population o 72,000 (2010) an is the island's seicont lairgest commercial port an an important tourist resort. The island's lairgest airport, Larnaca International Airport is locatit on the ootskirts o the ceety.

Tae the north o the ceety lies the island's umwhile ile refinery, which wis reduced tae a storage facility efter the refinery itsel wis sauld in 2008. Tae the sooth is the Larnaca International Airport. The ceety of Larnaka is well-kent for its picturesque seafront which includes rows o palm trees (or φοινικούδες *finikoudes*, in the Cypriot dialect). Larnaca Marina is ane o the fower offeecial entry points, bi sea, tae Cyprus.

## International relations
### Twin touns — Sister ceeties
Larnaca Municipality is twinned wi the follaein:

## Notes
*History o Larnaka bi the offeecial Municipality 

## References

## Freemit airtins

*Municipality of Larnaca Offeecial Wab Steid
*Larnaka Municipal Wind Orchestra Offeecial Wab Steid 
*
Loch Lomond

**Loch Lomond** (; ) is a freshwatter loch in Scotland that lies athort the Hieland Boundary Fault, aften seen as the boundary atween the lawlands o Central Scotland and the Hielands. Traditionally makkin up pairt o the boundary atween the coonties o Stirlingshire an Dunbartonshire, Loch Lomond is split atween the cooncil auries o Stirling, Argyll and Bute an Wast Dunbartonshire. Its soothren shores ur aboot  northwast o the centre o Glesga, the maist muckle city in Scotland. The Loch maks up pairt o the Loch Lomond an The Trossachs Naitional Pairk that wis creatit in 2002.

It is the lairgest loch in Great Breetain bi surface area an conteens monie islands includin Inchmurrin. Inchmurrian itsel is the lairgest fresh watter island in the Breetish Isles. Loch Lomond is a popular place for leisur activities an is featurt in the weel kent sang The Bonnie Banks o Loch Lomond.

## References
Cholpon-Ata

**Cholpon-Ata** (, pronoonced , literally "Venus-father", the name o a meethological protectin spirit) is a resort toun on the northren shore o Lake Issyk-Kul in Kyrgyzstan wi a year-roond population o aboot 12,000. It is the admeenistrative centre o the Issyk Kul Destrict o Issyk Kul Province; this destrict occupees maist o the lake's north shore. Tae the wast alang heich-gate A363 is Tamchy an tae the east, Bosteri.

The toun contains numerous lairge an sma sanatoria, hotels an guesthooses tae accommodate the mony visitors who descend upon the lake in simmer. Durin the Soviet era it wis muckle frequentit bi vacationers brocht here in organized mass tours frae ither pairts o the USSR. Holidaymakers nou uisually veesit on thair awn or in sma groups an oreeginate mainly frae Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan an Uzbekistan. Attractin maair demandin foreign tourists will require substantial upgradin o the existin facilities, but the location is certainly attractive. The view o the imposin alpine ranges o the Tian Shan athort the lake is impressive. Thare is a guid local museum an an open-air steid wi aboot 2000 petroglyphs datin frae 800 BC tae 1200AD.

## References


## Freemit airtins
* Image gallery o Cholpon-Ata 
* Image gallery o the Ruh Ordo Cultural Center
Kars Province

**Kars** is a province o Turkey, locate in the northeastren pairt o the kintra. It shares pairt o its mairches wi the Republic o Armenie.

The provinces o Ardahan an Iğdır wis pairt o Kars Province till the 1990s.

## History
Kars wis unner the control o the Ottoman Empire for centuries. For a brief period, frae 1878 till 1917, it wis controlled bi Roushie. Frae 1918 tae 1920 the province wis unner the admeenistration o the Democratic Republic o Armenie as the Vanand province (wi the ceety o Kars as its caipital). Its territory wis cedit tae Turkey bi the Soviet Union in the Treaty o Kars.

## Destricts
Kars province is dividit intae 8 destricts (*ilçe*), each named efter the admeenistrative centre o the destrict:
*Akyaka
*Arpaçay
*Digor
*Kağızman
***[[Kars, Turkey|Kars]]**
*Sarıkamış
*Selim
*Susuz

Thare 383 veelages in Kars.

## Kars nature, wildlife an ecotourism

Kars haes a walth o wildlife that is bein documentit bi the Kars-Igdir Biodiversity Project run bi the KuzeyDoga Society. The project haes recordit 321 o Turkey's 465 bird species in the region. At least 214 o thaim occur at Loch Kuyucuk, that is the maist important wetland in the province. Sarikamis Wids in the sooth resets woufs, broun beir, lynx an ither ainimals, an Aras (Araxes) River wetlands comprise a key stap-ower steid for mony migratin birds. Aras River Bird Research an Eddication Center at Yukari Ciyrikli veelage haes recordit 218 bird species at this single location alane.

## Monuments
Kars conteens numerous monuments, the maist notable bein the ruined Armenian ceety o Ani an the 9t century Kirk o the Apostles.

## In popular cultur
Kars wis the settin for the popular novel *Snow* bi Orhan Pamuk.
*The Siege of Kars, 1855* is a beuk published bi The Stationery Office, 2000, an is an accoont o its defence an capitulation as reportit bi ane General Williams, ane o mony Breetish officers lent tae the Turkis airmy tae lead garrisons an train regiments in the war agin Roushie.

## Gallery

Image:Kars russian architecture.jpg|Kars ceety centre
Image:Ani 1.jpg|Ruins o Ani
Image:Sarikamish-Atatürk monument.JPG|Atatürk monument in Sarıkamış
Image:Ani - bridge.jpg|A ruined brig in Ani


## References

## Freemit airtins

*  Kars govrenor's offeecial wabsteid
*  Kars municipality's offeecial wabsteid
*  Kars Daily News
*  Kars weather forecast information 
* Pictures o the ceety o Kars an o nearbi Ani
Speeritualism

Spiritualism haes various flavors tae it. 

Maist Spiritualist wid gree tae th' follaein nine principles:  1) We hawp in Infinite Intelligence; 2) we hawp that th' phenomena o' Nature, baith physical 'n' spiritual, ur th' expression o' Infinite Intelligence; 3) we affirm that a correct understanding o' sic expression 'n' living in accordance therewith constitute true religion; 4) we affirm that th' existence 'n' personal identity o' th' individual continue efter th' change cried death; 5) we affirm that communication wi' th' so-called deid is a fact, scientifically proven by th' phenomena o' Spiritualism; 6) we hawp that th' hi'est morality is contained in th' Golden Rule: "Do unto others as ye wid huv thaim dae unto you."  7) we affirm th' moral responsibility o' th' individual, 'n' that we mak' oor ain happiness or unhappiness as we obey or disobey Nature's physical 'n' spiritual laws; 8) we affirm that th' doorway tae reformation is ne'er closed against ony soul 'ere or hereafter; 9) we affirm that th' precept o' Prophecy 'n' Healing ur Divine attributes.

Spiritualism haes a tendencey tae wane whin times ur guid, 'n' tae thrive whin times ur ill (such as in times o' war). Lik' ony denomination, Spiritualism haes various branches tae it.
Zagazig

**Zagazig** ( , colloquial  or ) is a ceety in Lawer Egyp. Situatit in the eastren pairt o the Nile delta, it is the caipital o the govrenorate o Sharqia.

In 1999, its population wis approximately 279,000. It is biggit on a branch o the Fresh Water or Ismaïlia Canal an on al-Muˤizz Canal (the auncient Tanitic channel o the Nile), an is 47 mile bi rail north-northeast o Cairo. Situatit on the Nile Delta in the midst o a fertile destrict, Zagazig is a centre o the cotton an grain tred o Egyp. It haes lairge cotton factories an uised tae hae offices o numerous European merchants.

It is locatit on the Muweis Canal an is the chief centre o the corn an cotton tred. Thare is a sma museum crid the Orabi Museum that contains some interestin airchaeological exhibits.

Zagazig University, ane o the lairgest varsities in Egyp, is an aa locatit in the ceety, wi colleges in different fields o science an airts. An aa thare is a branch for Al-Azhar University, the lairgest Islamic varsity in the warld.

## History
The ruins o the Auncient Egyptian ceety o Bubastis are locatit 3&nbsp;km sootheast o toun. Bubastis wis the auncient caipital o the 18t nome, an is hame tae the feast celebratin the cat-goddess Bastet. Bubastis is the Greek name o the Egyptian Per-Bastet. Bubastis became the caipital o Egyp in the 22nt an 23rd Dynasties. Thare are remains o the temples biggit bi Osorkon II an Nectanebo II. Catacombs whaur the saucrit cats wur buried are locatit ahint an Auld Kinrick chapel remains that are frae the period o Pepi I.
The name Zaqaziq comes frae a pouerful Yemeni tribe, the Sakasic, a Himyarite, Yemeni tribe that settled Northren Egyp aroond 3rd century AD. Thay settled in the auncient Egyptian toun o Bubastis in Egyp givin it its modren name Zaqaziq efter the name o thair tribe.

## Notable fowk frae Zagazig
* Salama Moussa, Coptic Egyptian jurnalist, philosopher an social critic
* Ahmed Orabi, colonel who led the revolt against the Breetish in 1882.
* John Traicos - Test Cricketer who representit Zimbabwe an Sooth Africae frae the 1970s tae the early '90s.

## Image gallery

Image:Egypt Zagazig Aug-2007.jpg|A scene in 2007


## References

## Freemit airtins
* LookLex: Egypt: Zagazig 

*
Hosni Mubarak

**Muhammad Hosni Sayyid Mubarak** (, , ; born 4 Mey 1928; deed 25 Februar 2020) wis the fowert Preses o Egyp frae 7 October 1981 tae 11 Februar 2011.

Mubarak wis appointit Vice Preses o Egyp in 1975, an assumed the presidency on 14 October 1981, follaein the assassination o Preses Anwar Sadat. The length o his presidency makkit him Egyp's langest-servin ruler syne Muhammad Ali Pasha.  Afore he entered politics, Mubarak wis a career officer in the Egyptian Air Force, servin as its commander frae 1972 tae 1975 an risin tae the rank o air chief marshal.

Mubarak wis oostit efter 18 days o demonstrations durin the 2011 Egyptian revolution. On 11 Februar, Vice Preses Omar Suleiman annoonced that Mubarak haed resigned as preses an transferred authority til the Supreme Cooncil o the Airmed Forces. On that day Mubarak an his faimlie left the presidential palace in Cairo an muivit tae Sharm el-Sheikh, Egyp.

## Poleetical an militar posts
* Chairman o the Nan-aligned Muivement
* Re-electit for a fift term o office (2005)
* Chairman o the G-15 (1998 & 2002)
* Re-electit for a fowert term o office (1999)
* Chairman o the Arab Summit syne Juin (1996)
* Chairman o the OAU (1993–94)
* Re-electit for a third term o office (1993)
* Chairman o the OAU (1989–90)
* Re-electit for a seicont term o office (1987)
* Preses o the Naitional Democratic Pairty (1982)
* Preses o the Republic (1981)
* Vice-Preses o the Naitional Democratic Pairty (NDP) (1979)
* Vice-Preses o the Arab Republic o Egyp (1975)
* Promotit tae the rank o Lieutenant General / Air Marshal (1974)
* Commander o the Air Force an Deputy Meenister o Defence (1972)
* Chief o Staff o the Air Force (1969)
* Director o the Air Force Academy (1968)
* Commander o Cairo Wast Air Base (1964)
* Jyned Frunze Militar Academy, USSR (1964)
* Lecturer in Air Force Academy (1952–59)

## Notes
René Descartes

**René Descartes** (31 Mairch 1596 – 11 Februar 1650) wis a kenspeckle French philosopher mathematician, writer. He wrote beuks that are gey important in maths, pheesics, an especially filosofie. His thocht on dualism soudered sowel, mynd, bouk, an elements intae a dualistic idea o mynd an maiter.

## Descartes and pheesics (the study o the warld)
In his *Screed on Method* (1637), Descartes clarkit aboot the scienteefic method anent scienteefic approach, thinkin, a method that he hae clecked. He an aa wrate anen shapes (Geometry), licht (Dioptrics), an the wather (Meteorology). He syne shapit a wey o descriving shapes bi notin coordinates, an forby a theory o what a wattergaw is. Descartes' feesics wis important for a later kenspeckle thinker, Sir Isaac Newton, that said anent him, sae daed James Hook: "Gif A'v seen faurer it is acause A wis stuiden on the shouders o etins!"

## Descartes an filosofie (the study o abstract ideas)
In his *Meditations on First Filosofie* (1641), Descartes uised his scienteefic method tae leuk at filosofical quaistens. He argied forenenst skepticism (the view that the warld wis na real, an daed na exist).

He fand that he hissel buist be real (exist), acause he feelt that he wis thinkin; an gif he wis thinkin, syne he buist be real. This is acause gif he war na real, then hou wad he hae this feelin that he wis thinkin. He shortened this view, sayin in Laitin, "Cogito ergo sum," meanin "A think, syne A am."

He thocht he coud kythe that God exists an aw, in the same wey that he feelt that he wis thinkin. Descartes said that God wis the same as infineety an that he coud clearly see infineety acause he coud think o ilka muckler object but no muckle maist object. Descartes said that gif God exists syne the warld buist exist an aw, acause God wis good an wad na lat us think the warld is real (exists) gif it daed na.

At lang an last, Descartes thocht that acause he ken he wis thinkin, but coud anerlie ken ochtlins ense aboot hissel (for ensaumple that he haed twa airms an twa legs) acause he ken that God exists, then he buist in fact be shapit o twa things: the mynd that thinks an the bouk that is independent o thocht process but unitit. This is cried "dualism".

Descartes uised a lot o ideas relatit tae Plato, whaurby maist fowk at that speal uised ideas relatit tae Aristotle. He is aften cried a raitionalist, acause he leukit in o his mynd for answers tae his quaistens. Awtho Descartes socht tae fecht skepticism, his descriving o it in the meditations haes acome gey kent an is aften cried Cartesian dout for him.
Bissau

**Bissau** is the caipital ceety o Guinea-Bissau.  The ceety's borders are conterminous wi the **Bissau Autonomous Sector**. In 2007, the ceety haed an estimatit population o 407,424 accordin tae the Instituto Nacional de Estatística e Censos. The ceety which is locatit on the Geba River estuary, aff the Atlantic Ocean, is the kintra's lairgest ceety, major port, admeenistrative an military centre.

## History
The ceety wis founded in 1687 bi Portuguese settlers as a fortifee'd port an tradin centre. In 1942 it became the caipital o Portuguese Guinea. Efter the declaration o unthirldom bi the anti-colonial guerrillas o PAIGC, in 1973, the caipital o the *[[de facto]]* independent territories wis declared tae be Madina do Boe, but Bissau remained as the caipital o the Portuguese-occupied regions, an the *[[de jure]]* caipital o the entire Portuguese Guinea. When Portugal recognized the unthirldom o Guinea-Bissau an pulled oot in 1974 due tae the military coup o Aprile 25 in Lisbon, the twa territories merged an Bissau became the caipital o the new independent state. The ceety is kent for its annual carnival.

## Geography

Bissau is locatit at 11°52' North, 15°36' Wast http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/cntry_files.html , on the Geba River estuary, aff the Atlantic Ocean.

## Demographics
The last time an offeecial census wis held in the kintra, in 1991, the ceety/region haed a population o 195,389. Housomeivver, bi 2007, the ceety haed an estimatit population o 407,424 accordin tae the Instituto Nacional de Estatística e Censos.

## Economy
Bissau is the kintra's lairgest ceety, major port, educational, admeenistrative an military centre. Peanits, haurdwids, copra, paum ile, an rubber are the chief products. The airport that serves Bissau is Osvaldo Vieira International Airport. Poverty an lack o development is widespread.

## Landmarks
Attractions include the Portuguese-biggit Fortaleza de São José da Amura barracks frae the 18t century, containin Amílcar Cabral's mausoleum, the Pidjiguiti Memorial tae the dockers killed in the Bissau Dockers' Strike on August 3, 1959, the Guinea-Bissau National Arts Institute, Bissau New Stadium an local beaches.  Mony biggins in the ceety wur ruined durin the Guinea-Bissau Ceevil War (1998–1999), includin the Guinea-Bissau Presidential Palace an the Bissau French Cultural Centre (nou rebuilt), an the ceety centre is still unnerdeveloped.




## Sister ceeties
* Águeda Municipality, Portugal
* Dakar, Senegal
* Lisbon, Portugal
* Taipei, Taiwan
* Praia, Cape Verde
* Sintra, Portugal

## References

* Richard Andrew Lobban, Jr. and Peter Karibe Mendy, *Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau*, 3rd ed. (Scarecrow Press, 1997, ISBN 0-8108-3226-7) pp.&nbsp;91–96
Warback

The **warback** (*Hypoderma bovis*) is a muckle flee that leeves on kye an deer.

The flee liggs eggs on the foreleg o the afflictit kye. Thir will be etten by lickin, an be swallaed. The egg syne gaes throu the oesophagus, muscles an spinal cord afore comin oot unner the skin.
Damascus Govrenorate

**Damascus Governorate** ( **) is ane o the 14 govrenorates o Sirie an consists o anerly the ceety o Damascus an the suburb o Yarmouk Camp.

The govrenorate is completely surroondit on aw sides bi Rif Dimashq Govrenorate.
Yazd

**Yazd** (pronoonced /jæzd/)  (In Persian: یزد), is the caipital o Yazd Province in Iran, an a centre o Zoroastrian cultur. The ceety is locatit some 175 mile sootheast o Isfahan. Yazd haes a population o ower a hauf million (533,000 accordin tae an 522,000 accordin tae). 
Acause o generations o adaptations tae its desert surroondins, Yazd is an airchitecturally unique ceety. It is kent in Iran for the heich quality o its handicrafts, especially silk weavin, an its sweet shops an aw.

## Sister ceeties
* Jászberény, Hungary
* Jakarta, Indonesie
* Homs, Sirie
* Central Govrenorate, Bahrain
## References

## Freemit airtins

* Yazd.com
Izium

**Izyum** (; an aa spelled *Izium*, *Izum*), is a ceety situatit on the Donets River in the Kharkiv Oblast (province) o eastren Ukraine. Servin as the admeenistrative centre o the Iziumsky Raion (destrict), the ceety itsel is an aa designatit as a separate raion athin the oblast, an is locatit approximately 75 mile (120&nbsp;km) sootheast o the oblast caipital, Kharkiv.

First mentioned in 1571 in connection wi the Izium Warpath o the Crimean Tatars, Izyum wis a significant centre o the Sloboda Ukraine an hame tae a regiment o Cossacks atween 1688 an 1765. The delicht o the visitor tae the toun is the five-domed Baroque cathedral o the Saviour's Transfiguration (1684). Its remarkable similarity tae the auld cathedral o Kharkiv suggests the haund o the same maister. The cathedral wis renovatit in 1902 an restored in 1955. The kirks o Ascension (1819-21) an o St. Nicholas (1809-23) rank amang the finest Neoclassical biggins in the region.

Durin Warld War II, the Red Airmy held a lairge brigheid here, allouin for a salient that wis cut aff bi coonterattackin German forces an eliminatit in ane o the maist expensive learnin errors for the Reid Airmy.

## See an aa
*Seicont Battle o Kharkiv

## Freemit airtins
*  Unoffeecial Ceety Wabsteid 
*  Encyclopedia Britannica Online
*  City Page on www.ukrainebiz.com
Jette

**Jette** is ane o the nineteen municipalities locatit in the Brussels-Caipital Region o Belgium.

The Vrije Universiteit Brussel, the Dutch-speakin university o Brussels haes biggit its hospital an medical campus in Jette, while its ither biggins are in the so-cried Etterbeek campus actually locatit in Ixelles or Elsene.

## Pronunciation
* French: 
* Dutch: 

## History
### Oreegins tae Middle Ages
Neolithic tools an remains o a Gallo-Roman villa hae been foond on the territory o Jette, provin the auld age o the first settlements in this aurie.  The fact that its first kirk wis dedicatit tae Saunt Peter an aa indicates early Christianization.  Durin the Middle Ages, pairts o the territory wur feudal dependencies o the Duchy o Brabant.  Unner the duke’s protection, the Abbey o Dieleghem wis foondit in 1095 bi the Bishop o Cambrai an admeenistered bi Augustinian canons.  In 1140, the abbey’s monks switched tae the rules o the Premonstratensian order.  In the 13t century, the abbey nou cried Dieleghem possessed hauf o the commune’s territory an played an important social an economic role till the French Revolution.

### 17t tae 20t century
Durin the “Auld Regime”, Jette wis pairt o the town of Merchtem.  In the 17t century, the meenister o finances unner Airchdukes Albert an Isabella acquired an refurbished the auld 12t century *Rivieren* castle in Ganshoren, near Jette.  In 1654, the meenister’s son made this estate intae a barony, then five years later intae a coonty, which includit Jette an several neighbourin veelages.

In the 1790s, the regime that wis put in pouer bi the French Revolution curtailed the releegious freedoms drastically.  The monks wur expulsed frae the abbey in 1796 an maist o the biggins demolished the follaein year. Anerlie the abbott’s hoose wis kept, as a leisure hoose.  In 1841, the veelage o Ganshoren split frae Jette.  Durin the follaein decades, wha remained o Jette gradually lost its rural character tae become a Brussels suburb.  Its population, which wis aroond 10,000 in 1900 grew tae mair nor 40,000 in 1971.

## Sights
*The Jette ceety haw, Jules Van Ysendyck’s maisterpiece, dates frae the beginnin o the 20t century.
*The ae extant biggin o the Abbey of Dieleghem has been converted into a mostly historical museum.
*Jette haes kept a few o its auld pubs an breweries, as well as a blacksmith’s wirkshop that still operatit till 1960.
*The René Magritte museum wis set up in the hoose whaur the famous painter lived an wirked for twinty-fower years.

## Famous inhabitants
* René Magritte, surrealist painter (1898–1967)
* Jean Roba, comics author, creator o *[[Boule et Bill]]* (1930–2006)
* François Narmon (b. Jette, 1934), businessman
* Thomas Chatelle, fitbaa player (b. 1981)

## Pairtner ceeties
*: Sidi Bibi
*: Jojutla

## Freemit airtins
*Offeecial wabsteid , in French or Dutch
Ganshoren

**Ganshoren** is ane o the nineteen municipalities locatit in the Brussels-Caipital Region o Belgium. On Januar 1, 2006 the municipality haed a tot population o 20,970. The tot aurie is 2.46&nbsp;km² which gies a population density o 8,541 indwallers per km².

## Pronunciation
* French: 
* Dutch:
Sint-Agatha-Berchem

**Sint-Agatha-Berchem** (Dutch, pronoonced ) or **Berchem-Sainte-Agathe** (French, pronoonced ) is ane o the nineteen municipalities locatit in the Brussels-Caipital Region o Belgium.

The municipality haed a tot population o 20,078 on 1 Januar 2006. The tot aurie is 2.95 km² which gies a population density o 6,807 indwallers per km².

The municipality is kent for its calm an peaceful character. It is said that Berchem is a "veelage in the ceety".  The Belgian actor Jean-Claude Van Damme wis born an raised here; this is an aa the steid o the *Cité Moderne* a hoosin project frae 1922-1925 designed bi the great Belgian airchitect Victor Bourgeois.

## See an aa
*Municipalities o the Brussels-Caipital Region
Koekelberg

**Koekelberg** is ane o the nineteen municipalities locatit in the Brussels-Caipital Region o Belgium. On Januar 1, 2006 the municipality haed a total population o 18,157. The total aurie is 1.17&nbsp;km² which gives a population density o 15,486 inhabitants per km².

The municipality, the smawest in the Brussels region bi population, is dominatit bi the Basilica o the Sacred Hert or Koekelberg Basilica, ane o the lairgest Roman Catholic kirks in the warld.

## Pronunciation
* French: 
* Dutch: 

## Freemit airtins
*Offeecial steid (in French an Dutch)
Nokturnal Mortum

**Nokturnal Mortum** is a Ukrainian black metal baund frae Kharkiv.

## History
Nokturnal Mortum stairtit as a daith metal baund Suppuration in 1991, then turned tae black metal an chyngit thair name tae Crystalline Darkness but "had tae chynge the name back in 1993/94 tae Nocturnal Mortum acause there awready existit a baund wi that name in wastren unnergrund." Then the baund "chyngit the letter so that we wadna find a baund wi the same name again like it wis the case wi Crystaline Darkness." Nokturnal Mortum gained thair first Wastren recognition wi the release o thair album *[[Goat Horns]]*, thair seicont full lenth album, notable for haein twa keyboardists play on the album, aften on the same sang, an for mixin traditional Ukrainian muisic wi black metal. As traditional instrumentation gained in significance an the leerical concept muivit away frae black metal’s patterns, the newer releases are clessifee'd as pagan metal.

The baund’s first albums wur released throu The End Records an (as licence pressings) throu Nuclear Blast, but the label an baund separatit efter releasin the album *[[Nechrist|NeChrist]]* an a re-release o the “Lunar Poetry” demo acause o the baund’s ideology: "We haed a contract wi The End Records but it wis broken. We hae different points o view. They didna like oor policy, we didna like the way they dae business. They awe us some money. That wis enough for a conflict."

## Discography
### LPs
* 1996 - *[[Lunar Poetry]]* (re-released in 2001)
* 1997 - *[[Goat Horns]]*
* 1998 - *[[To the Gates of Blasphemous Fire]]*
* 2000 - *[[Nechrist]]*
* 2005 - *[[Weltanschauung (album)|Weltanschauung]]* (aka *[[Warld view|Mirovozzrenie]]* featurin Roushie an Ukrainian leerics)
* 2009 - *[[Live in Katowice]]*
* 2009 - *[[The Voice of Steel]]*
* 2017 – *Істина*

### EPs
* 1997 - *[[Return of the Vampire Lord]]* (re-released wi *[[Marble Moon]]* on CD in 2003)
* 1997 - *[[Marble Moon]]* (re-released wi *Return of the Vampire Lord* on CD in 2003)
* 2003 - *[[The Taste of Victory]]*
* 2007 - *[[Eastern Hammer]]* (fower-way split wi Graveland, North, an Temnozor featurin a new version of "Kolyada")

### Demos
* 1992 - *Ecclesiastical Blasphemy* (as Suppuration)
* 1993 - *Mi Agama Khaz Mifisto* (as Crystaline Darkness)
* 1995 - *[[Twilightfall]]* (re-released on CD in 2003)
* 1995 - *[[Black Clouds over Slavonic Lands]]* (re-released as bonus tracks on 2005 CD re-release of *Lunar Poetry*)
* 1996 - *[[Lunar Poetry]]* (re-released several times in different formats)

### Splits
* 1997 - *Path of the Wolf* / *Return of the Vampire Lord* (Metalagen Records). Split tape wi Lucifugum.

### Compilations
* 2004 - *[[Eleven Years Among the Sheep]]* (compilation of auld, unreleased, demo, an Suppuration & Crystalline Darkness sangs)

## References

## Freemit airtins
* Nokturnal Mortum biography @ MusicMight
Portchester

**Portchester** is a locality an suburb 10&nbsp;km northwast o Portsmouth, Ingland. It is pairt o the borough o Fareham in Hampshire. Ance a sma veelage, Portchester is nou a busy pairt o the expandin conurbation atween Portsmouth an Soothampton, on the A27 main thoroughfare. Its population accordin tae the 2001 Census wis approximately 17,000 residents.

The fort o Portus Adurni, nou Portchester Castle, is considered the feenest example o a Roman fort in Wastren Europe, an saw continued uise ower the next saxteen centuries. The Roman waws enclose a Norman keep an a kirk. The name Portchester is pairtly o Roman oreegin, frae Latin *portus* (a harbour) an Auld Inglish *ceaster* (Roman toun or castle).

As well as the castle, its parish kirk St Mary's an the abundance o historic hooses in Castle Street, this suburb is well placed for waterfront leisure activities, being anerlie a short distance frae the UK's third lairgest marina at 'Port Solent', an frae the historic ceety o Portsmouth an the mercat toun o Fareham.

## Amenities
### Public open spaces
* Portchester Castle

### Schuils
* Portchester Community Schuil - mixed comprehensive community schuil for 11–16 year aulds.

## Notable residents
*Neil Astley, publisher an foondin editor o Bloodaxe Books, born in Portchester
*Emily Farmer, watercolour painter
*Neil Gaiman, author, born in Portchester
*Steve Ridgway, Chief Executive, Virgin Atlantic Airways
*Mike Hancock, MP for Portsmouth South an Cooncillor for Fratton ward, haes lived here for ower 30 years.

## Transport
### Rail
 
Portchester railway station is managed an operatit bi Sooth Wast Trains wi frequent Southern Railway services. Services run alang the coast tae Soothampton, Fareham, Portsmouth, Havant, Chichester an Brighton.  Lunnon services tae Lunnon Waterloo station (via Fareham) an Lunnon Victoria station (via Barnham) an aa stop at the station.

### Bus services

First Hampshire & Dorset services tae Portsmouth, Havant, Fareham, Titchfield, Locks Heath an Warsash

### Road

The A27 road cuts through the centre o Portchester runnin east/wast atween Fareham an Cosham on the northren ootskirts o Portsmouth.  Access tae the M27 motorway is via Junction 11 at Fareham or Junction 12 at Port Solent

## See an aa
*Portchester Community Schuil
*A.F.C. Portchester
*Trafalgar Wharf, Portchester, Portsmouth

## References

## Freemit airtins
* St Mary's
* Portchester Castle Information
Clare Adamson

**Clare Adamson** (born 1967), is a Scots politician. She is an Scots National Pairty Member o the Scots Pairlament (MSP), representin the Central Scotland regional leet, syne 2011.

She wes electit as the Constituency MSP for Motherwell an Wishae in Mey 2016. Aforehaund she haed representit Central Scotland Region atween the years 2011 an 2016.

Clare Adamson is Convener o The Eddication an Skeills Commatee at The Scots Pairliament,an alsae Convener o the cross Pairty Group for Accident Prevention an Safety Awaureness an the Cross Pairty Group for Science an technologie forbye.

Afore bein electit tae the Scots Pairliament Clare Adamson haed serred as a Cooncilor at Nor Lanarkshire Cooncil for The Ward o Wishae atween the years 2007-2012

## Fremmit airtins
* Offeecial wabsteid  - *in Inglis*
* Biographie at Scots Pairlament offeecial wabsteid  - *in Inglis*

## References
Ektomorf

**Ektomorf** is a groove metal baund frae Hungary.

## Biography
Ektomorf wis foondit in 1993 in Mezőkovácsháza, Hungary, a sma ceety near the Romanian border, bi Zoltán "Zoli" Farkas. In the actual line-up Zoli - sangwriter an maistermind o the baund - is the ae remainin foondin member.

Due tae his gypsy backgrund Zoli saw hissel confrontit wi racism an prejudices, which is why the baund haed tae put years o wirk intae its internaitional career. Thair breakthrough came when Ektomorf stairtit collaboration wi Dens producer Tue Madsen in 2003.

## Members
* Zoltán Farkas — Vocals/Guitars (1994-)
* Tamás Schrottner — Guitars (2004-)
* Szabolcs Murvai — Bass (2008-)
* Gergely Tarin — Drums (2010-)

## Discography
;Studio albums
* *[[Hangok (Ektomorf album)|Hangok]]*&nbsp;(1996)
* *[[Hangok (Ektomorf album)|Romok alatt]]*&nbsp;(1997)
* *[[Ektomorf (Ektomorf album)|Ektomorf]]*&nbsp;(1998)
* *[[Kalyi Jag]]*&nbsp;(2000)
* *[[I Scream Up To The Sky]]*&nbsp;(2002)
* *[[Destroy (album)|Destroy]]*&nbsp;(2004)
* *[[Instinct (Ektomorf album)|Instinct]]*&nbsp;(2005)
* *[[Outcast (Ektomorf album)|Outcast]]*&nbsp;(2006)
* *[[What Doesn't Kill Me... (Ektomorf album)|What Doesn't Kill Me...]]*&nbsp;(2009)
* *[[Redemption (Ektomorf album)|Redemption]]*&nbsp;(2010)

;EP's
* *[[The Gipsy Way]]*&nbsp;(2010)

;Live albums
* *[[Live And Raw: You Get What You Give (CD+DVD)]]*&nbsp;(2006)

### Videography
* "A Romok Alatt"
* "Nem Engedem"
* "Testvérdal"
* "I Know Them"
* "Destroy"
* "Set Me Free"
* "Show Your Fist"
* "Outcast"
* "I Choke"
* "It's Up To You"
* "Last Fight"
* "Sea Of My Misery"

## Freemit airtins

* Offeecial Wabsteid 
* Offeecial MySpace
Dornach

**Dornach** (; ) is a toun, siesyd resort, an umwhyl Ryal burgh in the Hielands o Scotland. It ligs on the north shore o the Dornoch Firth, naur til whaur it apens intil the Moray Firth til the eist. The toun is athin the Hieland local govrenment cooncil aurie, an athin the umwhyl coontie o Sutherland.

The toun is naur the A9 road, ti whilk it is linkit bi the A949 an the B9168.

Dornoch haes the thirteent-yeirhunder Dornoch Cathedral, the Auld Toun Jail, an the umwhyl Bishop's Palace whilk is nou the weil-kent hotel, Dornoch Castil an a merkit gowf course, the Royal Dornoch Golf Club, named the 5t best gowf course ootwith the Unitit States in 2005 bi *Golf Digest* magazine. It is merkit as the last steid a witch wis burnt in Scotland an aw. Hir name wis Janet Horne; she wis tried an duim'd ti daith in 1727. Thar is a stane, the Witch's Stane, commemoratin hir daith, inskribed wi the yeir 1722. Legendarie gowf course desyner Donald Ross began his career as a greenkeeper on the Royal Dornoch links.

Dornoch uised ti be jyn'd til the main railwey netwirk at The Mound bi a licht railwey. The railwey wis apen'd on 2 Juin 1902. Stations on the lyn war Dornoch, Embo, Skelbo, Cambusavie Halt an The Mound Junction. Here is the *Dornoch Puggie*.http://www.historylinksarchive.org.uk/picture/number385.asp The stations war shut on 13 Juin 1960. 

On 21 December 2000, the pop starn Madonna haed hir son Rocco christen'd in Dornoch Cathedral, the day afore her w\ddin ti Guy Ritchie in naurby Skibo Castil.

On 13 Januar 2005, Dornoch wis grantit Fairtrade Toun status.

## Govrenance
Dornoch wis a parliamentary burgh, pit thegither wi Dingwall, Kirkwall, Tain an Wick in the Northren Burghs constituencie o the Houss o Commons o the Parliament o Great Breetain frae 1708 tae 1801 an o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick frae 1801 ti 1918. Cromarty wis eikit til the leet in 1832.

The constituencie wis a destrik o burghs forby kent as Tain Burghs till 1832, an than as Wick Burghs. It wis representit bi ane Member o Parliament. In 1918 the constituencie wis forduin an the Dornoch bit wis mellt intil the than-new coontie constituencie o Caithness an Sutherland.

## References
Gulf o Sidra

**Gulf o Sidra** is a body o water in the Mediterranean Sea on the northren coast o Libie; it is cried **Gulf o Sirt** or the **Great Sirt** or **Greater Syrtis** (Laitin *Syrtis Major*, Greek , contrastin wi *[[Syrtis Minor]]* in Tunisie) an aa.

## Geography
The Gulf o Sidra haes been a major centre for tuna fishin in the Mediterranean for centuries. It gives its name tae the ceety o Sirte situatit on its western side.

The gulf measures 273 mile (439&nbsp;km) frae the promontory o Boreum (nou Ras Teyonas) on the East side tae the the promontory o Cephalae (Ras Kasr Hamet) on the Wast. The greatest extension o the gulf inland is 110 mile (180&nbsp;km) land inward an occupees an aurie o 22,000 square mile.

## References
The Mairches

**The Mairches** (; ) is ane o the 32 cooncil areas o Scotland. It is bordered bi Dumfries an Gallowa til the wast; Sooth Lanrikshire an Wast Lowden til the nor-wast; Ceety o Edinburgh, East Lowden an Midlowden til the north; an the non-metropolitan coonties o Northumberland an Cumbria (in Ingland) til the sooth an east. The administrative centre o the region is Newtown St Boswells.

Historically, the name **Scots Borders** designatit the hale border region o soothren Scotland an, thegither wi neeborin regions o Ingland, wis pairt o the historical Borders region.

## Mucklest touns
*Cauldstream
*Gallae 
*Hawick
*Jethart
*Kelsae
*Selkirk