open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Banner o the Soviet Union

The **banner o the [[Soviet Union]]** consistit o a plain red flag, wi a cross-peen hammer crossed wi a sickle (the hammer an sickle) an a red starn in the upper canton.  The hammer an sickle seembolised the naition's wirkers an peasants while the reid starn representit the rule o the Communist Pairty.

The first flag wi the reid starn, hammer an sickle wis adoptit on November 12, 1923.  In 1955, a statute on the flag wis adoptit which resultit in a chynge o the haimer's haundle lenth andthe shape o the sickle.  A final modification tae the flag wis adoptit in 1980 in which the colour wis brichtened tae licht reid.  The flag continued tae be a naitional flag till the collapse o the Soviet Union.

## Seembolism an design

The colour reid haes aaways been positive in the Roushie cultur.  The wird *red* (, *krasny*) is etymologically relatit wi the Roushie wirds for *vera guid* an *bonnie*.  This can an aa be seen in Moscow’s Red Square an the Roushie Orthodox festivity, Red Easter.

It is said that the reid field is seembolism o the bluid that haes been spilled bi wirkers an farmers. It honors the red flag o the Paris Commune o 1871.  The ideology o communism can be seen frae the flag. The red starn an hammer an sickle represent communism an socialism.  The flag o the Soviet Union consistit o a plain red flag.  A gowd hammer is crossed wi a gowd sickle which are placed beneath o a gowd-bordered red starn.  This seembol is then placed in the upper left canton o the reid flag.

The hammer seembolizes the naition's industrial wirkers (proletarians) while the sickle seembolizes the naition's agricultural wirkers (peasants)—who thegither formed the state.  The red starn representit the rule o the Communist Pairty.  The back side o the flag is offeecially juist reid, athoot the seembols.  Housomeivver, in practice, the flag wis uisually made through an through an sicweys the seembols uisually appeared on the reverse side an in the reverse order.

The flag's design wis statuted in 1955, which gae a clear wey tae define an creaut the flag. This resultit in a chynge o the hammer's haundle lenth an the shape o the sickle.  The adoptit statute stated that:

#The ratio o width tae lenth o the flag is 1:2.
#Hammer an sickle are in a square wi sides equal tae ¼ o the flag heicht. Sharp tip o the sickle lies in the centre o the upper side o the square, haundles o hammer an sickle rest in bottom corners o the square. Lenth o the hammer an its haundle is ¾ o the square diagonal.
#Five-pointit starn is inscribed intae a circle wi a diameter o ⅛ o the flag heicht, the circle is tangent tae the upper side o the square.
#Distance o the vertical axis o starn, hammer an sickle frae the flagstaff is ⅓ o the flag heicht. Distance frae the upper side o the flag tae the centre o the starn is ⅛ o the flag heicht.

The final design o the flag wis adoptit in 1980.  The design wis kept the same except that the backgrund colour wis chynged.  The colour wis brichtened frae a near-burgundy crimson tae a licht tae medium reid.

## References
State Emblem o the Soviet Union

The **State Emblem o the [[Soviet Union]]** ( *Gosudarstvennyiy gerb SSSR*) wis adoptit in 1923 an wis uised till the dissolution o the Soviet Union in 1991. Although it technically is an emblem rather than a coat o airms, syne it does no follae heraldic rules, in Roushie it is cried *герб* (transliteration: *gerb*), the wird uised for a traditional coat o airms.

## Description
The state emblem shows the traditional Soviet emblems o the hammer an sickle an the Red Starn ower a globe, an twa wreaths o wheat covered bi the USSR State motto ("Wirkers o the Wirld, Unite!") in the offeecial leids o the Soviet Republics, in the reverse order they wur mentioned in the Constitution o the Soviet Union. 

Each Soviet Republic (SSR) an Autonomous Soviet Republic (ASSR) haed its awn coat o airms, lairgely inspired bi the state emblem o the Union.

## Gallery

File:Coat of arms of the Soviet Union 1923–1936.svg|State Emblem o the USSR (1923–1936)
File:State Emblem of the Soviet Union (1936–1946).png|State Emblem o the USSR (1936–1946)
File:Coat of arms of the Soviet Union (1946-1956).svg|State Emblem o the USSR (1946–1956)
File:State Emblem of the Soviet Union.svg|State Emblem o the USSR (1956–1991)


## References
Limassol

**Limassol** or **Lemesos** (, *Lemesós*;  or *Leymosun*) is the seicont-lairgest ceety in Cyprus,  wi a population o 228,000  (2008). It is the lairgest ceety in geographical size, an the biggest municipality on the island. The ceety is locatit on Akrotiri Bay, on the island's soothren coast an it is the caipital o Limassol Destrict.

Limassol is the biggest port in the Mediterranean transit tred. It haes an aa acome ane o the maist important tourism, tred an service-providin centres in the aurie. Limassol is renouned for its lang cultural tradeetion, an is hame tae the Cyprus University o Technology. A wide spectrum o activities an a nummer o museums an archaeological sites are available tae the interestit visitor.  Consequently, Limassol attracts a wide range o tourists maistly durin an extendit simmer saison tae be accommodatit in a wide range o hotels an apairtments. Thare are an aa plans tae big a lairge marina in Limassol.
Limassol wis biggit atween twa auncient ceeties, Amathus an Kourion, sae durin Byzantine rule it wis kent as Neapolis (new toun).  Limassol's tourist strip nou runs east alag the coast as far as Amathus. Tae the wast o the ceety is the Akrotiri Sovereign Base Aurie, pairt o the Breetish Owerseas Territory o Akrotiri an Dhekelia.

Limassol enjoys a Subtropical climate. Here is the heichest average annual temperature (25&nbsp;°C (77.0&nbsp;°F) durin the day an 15&nbsp;°C (59.0&nbsp;°F) at nicht) an the warmest winters in European Union's pairt o Mediterranean Sea, wi average temperature o 18&nbsp;°C (64.4&nbsp;°F) durin the day an 9&nbsp;°C (48.2&nbsp;°F) at nicht in the period December tae Februar. The simmer's saison lasts 8–9 month, frae Mairch/Aprile tae November, awtho an aa in the period frae December tae Februar temperatures whiles exceeds 20&nbsp;°C (68.0&nbsp;°F). Sea temperature varies frae 17&nbsp;°C (62.6&nbsp;°F) in Februar tae 27&nbsp;°C (80.6&nbsp;°F) in August.

The ceety an destrict o Limassol attracts millions o tourists each year.

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns — Sister ceeties

Limassol is twinned wi:

## References
Vaduz

**Vaduz** ( or ) is the caipital o the principality o Liechtenstein an the seat o the naitional parliament. The toun, locatit alang the Rhine, haes aboot 5,100 inhabitants (), maist o whom are Roman Catholic. Its cathedral is the seat o a Roman Catholic airchbishop.

While Vaduz is better kent internaitionally, it is no the lairgest toun in the principality: neighbourin Schaan haes a greater population.

## References
Bern (ceety)

The ceety o **Bern** or **Berne** (, ;  ;  ;  ; Bernese German: *Bärn* ) is the *Bundesstadt* (federal ceety, *de facto* caipital) o Swisserland, an, wi (as o ) a population o 131,000, the fowert maist populous ceety in Swisserland.  The Bern agglomeration, which includes 43 municipalities, haes a population o 349,000. The metropolitan aurie haed a population o 660,000 in 2000.http://www.are.admin.ch/themen/agglomeration/00641/03373/index.html?lang=fr   Bern is an aa the caipital o the Canton o Bern, the seicont maist populous o Swisserland's cantons.

The offeecial leid o Bern is German, but the main spoken leid is the Alemannic dialect cried Bernese German; maist residents o the ceety speak baith. Inglish an French are fairly widely spaken, but tae a lesser extent.
In 1983 the historic auld toun in the centre o Bern became a UNESCO Warld Heritage Sites, an Bern is ranked amang the warld’s tap ten ceeties for the best quality o life.

## References
Bern

**Bern** mey refer tae:

## Biggin
*Bern, a biggin foond on a ferm steading.

## Places
### Swisserland
*Bern (ceety) (or **Berne**), caipital o Swisserland.
*Canton o Bern, o which Bern is the caipital
*Bern (destrict), an admeenistrative destrict in the Canton o Bern
*Varsity o Bern

**Bern** or **Berne** mey an aa refer tae:

### Germany
* Berne, Germany, a toun in Lawer Saxony

### Italy
* Bern wis the Middle Hie German name o Verona

### Netherlands
*Bern, Netherlands, hamlet in Gelderland

### Unitit States
* Bern, Idaho
* Berne, Indiana
* Bern, Kansas
* Berne, New York
* Bern, Wisconsin
* Bern Township, Pennsylvanie

## Fowk
* Dietrich von Bern (Theodoric the Great), keeng o the Ostrogoths (Bern being the present-day Verona, Italy)
* Eric Berne, psychologist, foonder o Transactional Analysis
* Tim Berne, American muisicker
* Suzanne Berne, American novelist

## Ither uises
**Berne** is sometimes an aa uised as shorthand for: 
*The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works
*The Berne Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats
*, a Burmese coastal tanker
Coat o airms o Germany

The **Coat o airms o Germany** is a sign o Germany; the coat o airms features an eagle. The colours o the coat o airms is seemilar tae thaim that is on the Banner o Germany (black, red an gowd). Thegither wi the coat o airms o Austrick, whilk haes the same history, it is the auldest extant state seembols o Europe an is amang the auldest insignie in the warld.
Munich

**Munich** (, ; ) is the caipital ceety o Bavarie (Bayern), Germany. It is locatit on the River Isar north o the Bavarie Alps. Munich is the third lairgest ceety in Germany, efter Berlin an Hamburgh. Thare are aboot 1.35 million fowk livin athin ceety limits, while the Munich Metropolitan Aurie (includin the urban auries o Augsburg, Ingolstadt, Rosenheim an Landshut) is hame tae ower 5 million fowk. Munich hostit the 1972 Simmer Olympics.

The ceety's motto is "**'" (Munich Loves You). Afore 2006, it wis "Weltstadt mit Herz" (Cosmopolitan ceety wi a hert). Its native name, **', is derived frae the Auld Hie German *Munichen*, meanin "bi the monks' place". The ceety's name derives frae the monks o the Benedictine order who foondit the ceety; hence the monk depictit on the ceety's coat o airms. Black an gowd—the colours o the Holy Roman Empire—hae been the ceety's offeeial colours syne the time o Ludwig the Bavarie.

Munich is no the anerlie location athin Bavarie kent as "München". Three such locations exist: ane that is kent as "Munich", anither that is locatit northeast o the ceety o Nuremberg, an a third, Hutthurm, that is locatit north o Passau.

Modren Munich is a financial an publishin hub, an a frequently top-ranked destination for migration an ex-patriate location in livability rankins. Munich achieved 7t place in frequently quotit Mercer livability rankins in 2010. For economic an social innovation, the ceety wis ranked 15t globally oot o 289 ceeties in 2010, an 5t in Germany bi the 2thinknow Innovation Cities Index based on analysis o 162 indicators. In 2010, Monocle ranked Munich as the warld's maist livable ceety.

## Internaitional relations

Munich is twinned wi the follaein ceeties (date o agreement shown in parentheses).

## References
Tórshavn

**Tórshavn** (; Dens: *Thorshavn*) is the caipital  an lairgest toun o the Faroe Islands. It is locatit in the soothren pairt on the east coast o Streymoy. Tae the north wast o the toun lies the 347-metre (1,138&nbsp;ft) heich muntain Húsareyn, an tae the soothwast, the 350-metre (1,150&nbsp;ft) heich Kirkjubøreyn. The ceety itsel haes a population o 19,000 (2008). The ceety wis foondit in the 10t century.

The Vikings established thair parliament on the Tingenes peninsula in Tórshavn 825, sicweys Tórshavn wis made caipital o Faroe Islands an haes remained sae iver syne. Aw throu the Middle Ages the narrae peninsula juttin oot intae the sea made up the main pairt o Tórshavn. Soorces dae no mention a biggit-up aurie in Tórshavn till efter the Protestant Reformation in 1539. Early on, Tórshavn became the centre o the monopoly tred, therebi bein the anerlie legal place for the islanders tae sell an buy guids. In 1856, the tred monopoly wis abolished an the islands wur left open tae free tred. The toun haes grown rapidly iver syne the turn o the 20t century intae the undisputit admeenistrative, economic an cultural centre o the Faroes.

## Etymology
The name o the toun means *[[Thor]]'s Harbour*, an it mey be named efter the god o thunner an lichtnin in Norse meethology; sicweys the toun's coat o airms shows Thor's hammer Mjolnir, but mair likely it wis named efter the first settler whose name then wis Thor. The Faroese uisually refer tae thair caipital as Havn - harbour.

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns — Sister ceeties
Tórshavn is twinned wi:

## References
Coat o airms o Ukraine

The **State Coat o Airms o Ukraine** () or commonly the **Tryzub** (, "trident") is the naitional coat o airms o Ukraine, featurin the same colors foond on the Ukrainian banner; a blue shield wi yellae trident, cried the tryzub. It appears on the Presidential staundart o Ukraine. 

The sma coat o airms wis offeecially adoptit on 19 Februar 1992, while constitutional provisions exist for establishin the great coat o airms, which is no yet offeecially adoptit.
Banner o Bulgarie

The **[[Banner]] o [[Bulgarie]]** (, *zname na Balgariya*) is a tricolour consistin o three equal-sized horizontal baunds o (frae tap tae bottom) white, green, an reid. The banner wis first adoptit efter the Russo-Turkis War (1877–1878), whaur Bulgarie gained unthirldom. The naitional banner at times wis chairged wi the state emblem, especially durin the Fowkrepublic o Bulgarie. The current banner wis re-established wi the 1991 Constitution o Bulgarie an wis confirmed in a 1998 law.
Banner o Iceland

The **Banner o Iceland** () wis offeecially describit in Law No. 34, set oot on 17 Juin 1944, the day Iceland became a republic. The law is entitled "The Law o the Naitional Banner o Icelanders an the State Airms" an describes the Icelandic banner as follaes:

:The ceevil naitional flag o Icelanders is blue as the sky wi a snaw-white cross, an a fiery-red cross inside the white cross. The airms o the cross extend tae the edge o the flag, an their combined width is 2/9, but the red cross 1/9 o the combined width o the flag. The blue auries are richt angled rectangles, the rectilinear surfaces are parallel an the ooter rectilinear surfaces as wide as them, but twice the length. The dimensions atween the width an length are 18:25.

Iceland's first naitional banner wis a white cross on a deep blue backgrund. It wis first shawn in parade in 1897. The modren banner dates frae 1915, when a reid cross wis insertit intae the white cross o the oreeginal banner. This cross represents Christianity. It wis adoptit in 1918 an became the naitional banner when Iceland gained unthirldom frae Denmark in 1944. For the Icelandic fowk the banner's colourin represents a vision o thair kintra's landscape. The colours staund for 3 o the elements that mak up the island. Red is the fire produced bi the island's volcanoes, white recaws the ice an snaw that covers Iceland, an blue for the Atlantic Ocean.

:The state flag (*Tjúgufáni*) differs frae the ceevil ane, that the ooter rectangles are three times langer than the hoist side rectangles an split at the end, cut directly frae the ooter corners tae its centre line. Cuttin the inner edges o the ooter rectangles at 4/7 o ooter length an 3/7 o inner length o the ooter rectangles. When this cut encoonters the edge o the red cross it is cut vertically.

## References
Banner o Ukraine

The **banner o Ukraine** (; translit.: *derzhavnyy prapor Ukrayiny*; literally ‘state flag of Ukraine’) is the naitional banner o Ukraine. The naitional banner wis offeecially adoptit for the first time in 1918 bi a short-lived Ukrainian Fowkrepublic. At that time the commonly uised yellae–blue banner haed awready turned intae blue an yellae an sportit a trident (*[[tryzub]]*) in the upper left corner. The insignie remained unchynged bi the successive govrenment o Pavlo Skoropadsky, an then bi the Directorate o Ukraine. Durin the Soviet era, Bolsheviks haed been uisin reid an later reid-blue flags as the offeecial banner o the Ukrainian SSR. The blue an yellae banner wis offeecially restored in 1992 follaein Ukrainian unthirldom.

Article 20 o the Constitution o Ukraine states “the State Flag o Ukraine is a banner o twa equally sized horizontal baunds o blue an yellae colour.”

Ukraine celebrates Flag Day ilka year on August 23.

## Intrepretation o the colours
A modren interpretation o the meanin o the colours uised in the Ukrainian banner is that the colour blue represents the colour o the sky, an yellae seembolizes the lush gowden wheat fields o this kintra.  This association is thocht tae hae been developed in the mid-nineteent century.

## Fremmit airtins

*
Coat o airms o Bulgarie

The **coat o airms o [[Bulgarie]]** (, *Gerb na Bălgariya*) consists o a crouned gowden lion rampant ower a daurk reid shield; abuin the shield is the Bulgarian historical crown. The shield is support bi twa crouned gowden lions rampant; ablo the shield thare is compartment in the shape o aik scobs an white baunds wi the naitional slogan "Unity renders pouer" inscribed on them.
Djibouti (ceety)

The **Ceety o Djibouti** (,) is the caipital an lairgest ceety o the Republic o Djibouti, a naition in the Horn o Africae. It lies on a peninsula that divides the Gulf o Aden frae the Gulf o Tadjoura.

Djibouti ceety haes the same status as the kintra's five regions. The metropolitan territory borders the Arta Region tae the sooth an wast, an the Gulf o Tadjourah/Gulf o Aden tae the north. Accordin tae a 2009 Census, the ceety is hame tae 475,322 fowk.

The Ethio-Djibouti Railways (umwhile the Imperial Railway Company of Ethiopia) runs frae the ceety tae Addis Ababa. The ceety is an aa hame tae the Djibouti-Ambouli Internaitional Airport. Northwast o the ceety centre lies the ceety's port, uised for internaitional trade, for fishin, an for traivel bi ferry tae the ceeties o Obock an Tadjoura.

Ane traivel writer describes Djibouti as haein an identity problem, writin, "it is the sedentary caipital o a nomadic fowk, an African ceety designed like a European settlement an a kynd o French Hong Kong in the Red Sea." Features o Djibouti Ceety include beaches alang its eastren shore an the lairge Central Mercat, the naitional stadium Stade du Ville, the Presidential Palace an Hamoudi Mosque.

## History
Foondit as a seaport in 1888 bi the Spaniard Eloi Pino, Djibouti became the caipital o French Somaliland in 1891, replacin Tadjourah. It remained the caipital for the succeedin colonial govrenment o French Territory o the Afars an the Issas, as well as for the independent kintra o Djibouti.

## Climate
Djibouti is generally vera het an dry throughoot the course o the year. Featurin an arid climate, the ceety sees on average 131&nbsp;mm (5.16&nbsp;in) o precipitation per year. Temperatures range frae vera warm durin the months o December, Januar an Februar tae extremely het in Julie, whaur temperatures routinely exceed 49&nbsp;°C (120&nbsp;°F).

## References
Leet o ceeties, touns an veelages in East Timor

This is a **leet o ceeties, touns, an veelages in [[East Timor]]**.

*Aileu Destrict
**Aileu
*Ainaro Destrict
**Ainaro
**Hato-Udo
**Maubara
*Baucau Destrict
**Baguia
**Baucau
**Bucoli
**Quelicai
**Laga
**Venilale
*Bobonaro Destrict
**Atabae
**Balibo
**Bobonaro
**Lolotoe
**Maliana
*Cova Lima Destrict
**Fatululik
**Fohoren
**Suai
**Tilomar
**Zumalai
*Dili Destrict
**Dare
**Dili
**Metinaro
*Ermera Destrict
**Atsabe
**Ermera
**Gleno
**Hatolina
*Lautém Destrict
**Com
**Fuiloro
**Iliomar
**Laivai
**Lautém
**Lore
**Lospalos
**Luro
**Mehara
**Tutuala
*Liquiçá Destrict
**Bazartete
**Liquiçá
**Maubara
*Manatuto Destrict
**Laclubar
**Laleia
**Manatuto
**Natarbora
*Manufahi Destrict
**Alas
**Fatuberlio
**Same
**Turiscai
*Oecusse Destrict
**Citrana
**Nitibe
**Oe Silo
**Pante Macassar
**Passabe
*Viqueque Destrict
**Beacu
**Lacluta
**Ossu
**Uatolari
**Viqueque
*Atauro Island
**Berau
**Biquele

## Freemit airtins
*Map
Banner o Sri Lanka

The **Banner o [[Sri Lanka]]**, forbye cried the **Lion Banner**, consists o a gowd lion, haudin a swuird in its richt fore paw, afore a crimson backgrund wi fower gowden bo leafs in ilka corner. Aroond the backgrund is a yellae border, an tae its left thare 2 vertical stripes o equal size in saffron a green, wi the saffron stripe closest tae the lion. The lion represents bravery, an the fower bo leafs represent meththa, karuna, muditha an Uppekha. The orange stripe represents the Sri Lankan Tamils, the green stripe represents Sri Lankan Moors, the crimson backgrund represents European Burghers an is a reference tae the rich colonial backgrund o the kintra an' a' an the yellae mairch represents ither ethnic groups lik Sri Lankan Malays etc.

It wis adoptit in 1950 follaein the recommendations o a committee appointit bi the 1st Prime Meenister o Ceylon, The Rt Hon D.S. Senanayake.
Banner o Bhutan

The naitional **banner o Bhutan** is ane o the naitional seembols o the Himalayan Kinrick o Bhutan. The banner is based upon the tradeetion o the Drukpa Lineage o Tibetan Buddhism an features Druk, the Thunder Dragon o Bhutanese meethology. The basic design o the banner bi Mayum Choying Wangmo Dorji dates tae 1947.  A version wis displayed in 1949 at the signin o the Indo-Bhutan Treaty. A seicont version wis introduced in 1956 for the veesit o Druk Gyalpo Jigme Dorji Wangchuk tae eastren Bhutan; it wis based upon photos o its 1949 predecessor an featurt a white Druk in place o the green oreeginal.

The Bhutanese subsequently redesigned thair banner tae match the measurements o the banner o Indie, which thay believed fluttered better nor thair awn. Ither modifications sic as chyngin the reid backgrund colour tae orange led tae the current naitional banner, in uise syne 1969. The Naitional Assembly o Bhutan codified a code o conduct in 1972 tae formalize the banner's design establish protocol regardin acceptable banner sizes an conditions for flyin the banner.

## See an aa
*Emblem o Bhutan
*Naitional anthem o Bhutan
*Naitional seembols o Bhutan
Druk tsendhen

**Druk tsendhen** ("The Thunder Dragon Kinrick") is the naitional anthem o Bhutan.

Adoptit in 1953, the muisic is bi Aku Tongmi an the wirds are bi Dasho Gyaldun Thinley. Tongmi wis educatit in Indie an wis recently appointit leader o the military brass baund when the need for an anthem rose at the occasion o a state visit frae prime meenister Nehru o Indie. His oreeginal score wis inspired bi the Indian an British anthems, as well as the Bhutanese fowk tune *Thri nyampa med pa pemai thri* ("The Unchynging Lotus Throne"). The melody haes twice unnergane chynges bi Mr Tongmi's successors as baund leaders.

The oreeginal leerics wur 12 lines, but wis shortened tae the present 6 lines version in 1964 bi a secretary tae the keeng. Baith versions are quotit in the beuk at link #1.

As the anthem is inspired bi a fowk tune, there is a choreography tae it as well, oreeginally directit bi Mr. Tongmi.

## Leerics
### Oreeginal in Dzhongka
འབྲུག་ཙན་དན་བཀོད་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་
དཔལ་ལུགས་གཉིས་བསྟན་སྲིད་སྐྱོང་བའི་མགོན་
འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་
སྐུ་འགྱུར་མེད་བརྟན་ཅིང་ཆབ་སྲིད་འཕེལ་
ཆོས་སངས་རྒྱས་བསྟན་པ་དར་ཞིང་རྒྱས་
འབངས་བདེ་སྐྱིད་ཉི་མ་ཤར་བར་ཤོག་

### Transliteration o Dzhongka
*Druk tsenden koipi gyelkhap na*
*Pel loog nig tensi chongwai gyon*
*Druk  gyelpo ngadhak rinpoche*
*Ku jurmey tenching chhap tsid pel*
*Chho sangye tenpa darshing gyel*
*Bang deykyed nyima shar warr sho.*

### Scots translation
*In the Thunder Dragon Kinrick, whaur cypresses grow*
*Refuge o the glorious monastic an ceevil traditions,*
*The [[Druk Gyalpo|Keeng o Druk]], precious sovereign,*
*His being is eternal, his reign prosperous*
*The enlichtenment teachins thrive an flourish*
*May the fowk shine like the sun o peace an happiness!*

## See an aa
*Banner o Bhutan
*Emblem o Bhutan
*Naitional seembols o Bhutan

## Freemit airtins
*The Origin and Description of the National Flag and Anthem of the Kingdom of Bhutan pdf book, 43 pages
*National anthems.net  midi file
*Dookola Swiata  - This travel website has an instrumental version of the Anthem, as an .asx file.
*Children sing the anthem - This website has a sound file of Bhutanese children singing the Anthem without musical accompaniment.  Part of Mitsuaki Kobayahi 's website about his two year term teaching mathematics in Bhutan .
Leet o ceeties an touns in Bulgarie

This is a complete **leet o aw ceeties an touns in [[Bulgarie]]** sortit bi population. Province caipitals are shown in **bauld**. As base soorces are uised the National Statistical Institute (NSI) an the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.

## See an aa

* Provinces o Bulgarie
* Municipalities o Bulgarie
* Leet o veelages in Bulgarie
* Nomenclature o Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) o Bulgarie
* Leets o ceeties
* Ceeties o present-day naitions an states
* Leet o veelages in Europe bi kintra
* Leet o ceeties bi continent
** Leet o ceeties in Africae
** Leet o ceeties in North Americae
** Leet o ceeties in Sooth Americae
** Leet o ceeties in Asia
** Leet o ceeties in Europe
** Leet o ceeties in Oceanie

## References




## Freemit airtins
* Map o Bulgarian towns at BGMaps.com 
* Map o Bulgarian towns at the World Gazetteer website
* Maps o Bulgarian towns at Domino.bg 
* Veliko Tarnovo o Bulgarie
Leet o ceeties in Bahrain

This is a **leet o ceeties an touns in [[Bahrain]]**:

## Ten lairgest ceeties
#Manama - 154,700
#Muharraq - 98,800
#Riffa - 86,100
#Hamad Toun - 57,000
#A'ali - 51,400
#Isa Toun- 39,800
#Sitra - 37,100
#Budaiya - 33,200
#Jidhafs - 32,600
#Al-Malikiyah - 14,800

## Ither touns
* Awali
* Diraz
* Hidd
* Sar
* Bani Jamra
Emblem o Bhutan

The **Emblem o [[Bhutan]]** maintains several elements o the Banner o Bhutan, wi slichtlie different artistry, an contains muckle Buddhist seembolism.

The offeecial description is as follaes:

"The naitional emblem, contained in a circle, is composed o a double diamond-thunnerbolt (dorje) placed abuin a lotus, surmuntit bi a jewel an framed bi twa dragons. The thunderbolt represents the harmony atween secular an releegious pouer. The lotus seembolizes ; the jewel expresses sovereign pouer; an the twa dragons, male an female, staund for the name o the kintra which they proclaim wi their great vyce, the thunner." It is an aa kent for its seembolic colors o the emblem wi the gowd, teal, red etc...

## See an aa
*Banner o Bhutan
*Naitional anthem o Bhutan
*Naitional seembols o Bhutan
*Emblem o Tibet

## External link an source
*http://www.kingdomofbhutan.com/kingdom/kingdom_2_.html
*"National Symbols" , Naitional Portal o Bhutan
Sakurai, Nara

is a ceety in Nara, Japan.

As o 2007, the ceety haed an estimatit population o 63,321 wi a density o 630.01 bodies per km². The tot aurie is 98.92&nbsp;km².

The ceety wis foondit on September 1, 1956.

Sakurai is hame tae Ōmiwa Shrine, tradeetionally considered ane o the auoldest Shinto shrines in Japan dedicatit tae the god o sake.  Sake dealers athort Japan aften hang a widden sugi ball, made at Ōmiwa Shrine, as a talisman tae the god o sake. It features in Yukio Mishima's novel Runaway Horses.

## Famous places
*Buddhist temples
** Miwasanbyōdō-ji
** Hase-dera
** Asuka-dera
** Tachibana-dera
** Abemonju-in
** Seirin-ji
*Shinto shrines
** Ōmiwa Shrine
** Tanzan Shrine
** Kasayamakō Shrine
** Tamatsura Shrine

## Sister ceeties
### In Japan
* Kumano, Mie
* Taisha, Shimane

### Ootside Japan
*  Chartres, Fraunce.

## Freemit airtins

* Official website
Emblem o Sri Lanka

The **naitional emblem o [[Sri Lanka]]** () is uised bi the Sri Lankan Govrenment in connection wi the admeenistration an govrenment o the kintra. The current emblem haes been in uise syne 1972.

The emblem features a gowd lion passant, hauldin a swuird in its richt fore paw (the same lion frae the Banner o Sri Lanka) in the centre on a maroon backgrund surroondit bi gowden petals o a Blue Lotus the naitional flouer o the kintra. This is placed on tap o a traditional grain vase that sprouts sheaves o rice grains that circle the mairch reflectin prosperity.

The crest is the Dharmacakra, seembolisin the kintra's foremaist place for Buddhism an juist rule. Traditional Sinhalese heraldic seembols for the sun an the muin form the supporters.
Leet o ceeties in Bhutan

**This** is a leet o ceeties an touns in Bhutan.

* Chhukha
* Damphu 
* Gasa Dzong
* Geylegphug
* Ha
* Jakar
* Lhuntshi 
* Mongar
* Paro
* Pemagatsel
* Phuntsholing
* Punakha
* Samchi
* Samdrup Jongkhar
* Shemgang
* Taga Dzong
* Thimphu
* Trashigang
* Tongsa
* Wangdue Phodrang

## 10 lairgest ceeties
#Thimphu - 62,500
#Phuntsholing - 60,400
#Punakha - 21,500
#Samdrup Jongkhar - 13,800
#Geylegphug - 6,700
#Paro - 4,400
#Trashigang - 4,400
#Wangdue Phodrang - 3,300
#Taga Dzong - 3,100
#Tongsa - 2,300

## Ceeties, touns an veelages A-Z
Regions o Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan is dividit intae 12 provinces (**viloyatlar**, singular viloyat, *viloyati* in compund, e.g. Toshkent *viloyati*, Samarqand *viloyati*), 1 **[[autonomous republic]]** (*respublika*, *respublikasi* in compund, e.g. Qaraqalpaqstan Avtonom *Respublikasi*, Karakalpakstan Autonomous *Republic*), an 1 **[[independent ceety]]** (*shahar* or *shahri* in compounds, e.g. Toshkent *shahri*, Tashkent ceety). Names are gien belaw in the Uzbek leid, awtho numerous variations o the transliterations o each name exist. The statistics for Toshkent Viloyati (*Tashkent Province*) an aa include the statistics for Toshkent Shahri (*Tashkent Ceety*).

The provinces in turn are dividit intae 160 destricts (*tumanlar*, singular *tuman*).

## Enclaves an exclaves
Thare are fower Uzbek Exclaves, aw o them surroondit bi Kyrgyz territory in the Fergana Valley region whaur Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan an Uzbekistan meet. Twa o them are the touns o: Sokh, aurie o 325&nbsp;km² (125&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi) wi a population o 42,800 in 1993 (awtho some estimates go as heich as 70,000) (99% are Tajiks an the remainder Uzbeks http://home.no.net/enklaver/uzbekistan.htm ); an Shohimardon, aurie o 90&nbsp;km² (35&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi) wi a population o 5,100 in 1993 (91% are Uzbeks an the remainder Kyrgyz).  The ither twa are the tiny territories o Chong-Kara (or Kalacha), roughly 3&nbsp;km (1.9&nbsp;mi) loang bi 1&nbsp;km (0.6&nbsp;mi) wide, an Dzhangail, a dot o land barely 2 or 3&nbsp;km (1.5&nbsp;mi) athort. Chong-Kara is on the Sokh river, atween the Uzbek mairch an the Sokh exclave.

Uzbekistan haes a Tajikistan enclave, the veelage o Sarvan, which includes a narrae, lang strip o land aboot 15&nbsp;km (9&nbsp;mi) lang bi 1&nbsp;km (0.6&nbsp;mi) wide, alangside the road frae Angren tae Kokand. Last but no least, thare is a tiny Kyrgyzstan enclave, the veelage o Barak (population 627), atween the touns o Margilan an Fergana.

## See an aa
*ISO 3166-2:UZ

## References
Provinces o Tajikistan

Tajikistan is dividit intae ane autonomous province (Tajik:  Вилояти мухтор, *viloyati mukhtor*), 2 provinces (, *viloyatho*, sing. , *viloyat*) an the Destricts o Republican Subordination. Additionally, Dushanbe, the caipital ceety, is independent o viloyat-level admeenistrative diveesions.

Each region is dividit intae destricts (*raion* or *nohiya*), which are faur subdividit intae *jamoats*, an then veelages (*deha's*). Tajikistan haes a tot o 58 destricts.

## See an aa

*Destricts o Tajikistan
*Yagnob Valley

## References an fuitnotes
Banner o Moldovae

The **[[state banner]] o [[Moldovae]]** is a vertical tricolor o blue, yellae, an reid, chairged wi the coat o airms o Moldovae (an eagle hauldin a shield chairged wi an aurochs) on the centre bar. The obverse is mirrored. The banner ratio is 1:2. Till faur proveesions, the State Banner o Moldovae is uised as the naitional banner an ensign as well, that is, ceevil, state an war banner an ensign.

The blue, red, an yellae tricolor o Moldovae is amaist identical tae the banner o Romanie, reflectin the twa kintras' naitional an cultural affinity. On Moldovae's banner the yellae stripe is chairged wi the naitional airms. Lik the Romanian coat o airms, the Moldovan airms, adoptit in 1990, features a daurk gowden eagle hauldin an Orthodox Christian cross in its beak. Instead o a sword, the eagle is hauldin an olive branch, seembolisin peace. The blue an reid shield on the eagle's chest is chairged wi the traditional seembols o Moldova: an aurochs' heid, flanked bi a rose at dexter an a crescent at senester, an haein a starn atween its horns, aw o gowd. Thir twa naitional banners are an aa vera seemilar tae the banners o Chad an Andorrae, which are aw based on vertical stripes o blue, yellae, an reid.

File:Flag of Moldova.svg|1:2 Obverse
File:Flag of Moldova (reverse).svg|1:2 Reverse
File:Flag of Moldova, construction sheet.svg|Construction sheet


## References
Leet o ceeties in Kyrgyzstan

This is a leet o the 25 offeecial ceeties (, ) in **[[Kyrgyzstan]]**. Besides these, there are aboot 30 smawer urban-type settlements (, ) in Kyrgyzstan.

## References


Association of cities of Kyrgyz Republic
Uzgen

**Uzgen** (an aa Ozgon or Özgön, Kyrgyz: Өзгөн, *Özgön*; ) is a toun in Osh Province, Kyrgyzstan. It is the caipital o Uzgen Destrict.

## Geography
Uzgen is locatit at the far eastren end o the Ferghana Valley, upstream o the point whaur the  Kara-Darya enters the valley. It is 30 mile northeast o Osh, an 20 mile sootheast o Jalal-Abad on the banks o the Kara-Darya.

## History
The toun is mentioned in Cheenese annals o the seicont century BC. It wis ane o the caipitals o the Karakhanids, who cried it Mavarannahr an left three well-preserved mausolea. In 1990 there wur Kyrgyz-Uzbek riots (see Osh riots).
## References
*ÖZGÄND, Encyclopedia Iranica
Regions o Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan is dividit intae 14 provinces ( / *oblystar*; singular: облысы / *oblysy*;  / *oblasti*; singular: область / *oblast' *). The provinces are further subdividit intae destricts ( / *audandar*; singular: аудан / *audan*;  / *raiony*; singular: район / *raion *).

{| style="background:transparent;" cellspacing="2px"
|


Notes:
* (1) Almaty an Astana ceeties hae the status o State importance an dae no relate tae ony province.
* (2) Baikonur ceety haes a special status acause it is currently bein leased tae Roushie wi Baikonur cosmodrome throu the year 2050.


## Demographic statistics

 This code haes been deletit frae ISO 3166-2.

## Sources
*GeoHive
Shopokov

**Shopokov** (; ) is a toun in the Chuy Province o Kyrgyzstan.  Awtho geographically locatit athin Sokuluk Destrict o that province an bein the de facto economic an cultural centre o the destrict, Shopokov is admeenistered separately frae the destrict.

Accordin tae a report bi the local authorities (undatit, but published some time atween 2003 an 2009), the toun's population wis 9,150. Major ethnic groups wure Roushies (4906), Kyrgyz (2704), Ukrainians (752),  an Germans (296).

## History
The predecessor o the day's Shopokov Ceety wis an urban-type settlement named Krasnooktyabrsky (Краснооктябрьский, i.e. "Red October"), established in 1939 alang wi the construction o a sugar mill.
Shopokov wis incorporatit as a toun (город) an received its present name on Februar 25, 1985.

The toun is named efter Duyshenkul Shopokov, ane o the 28 sodgers o Ivan Panfilov's Diveesion who wur reportit tae dee heroically  on November 16, 1941 while defendin Moscow.

## Economy
Efter the dissolution o the Soviet Union, the sugar mill haes been privatized, an is still in operation. Local industries an aa manufacture a variety o equipment for fuid-processin industry.

## Sources
*World Gazetteer: Kyrgyzstan &ndash; Warld-Gazetteer.com
Kemin

**Kemin** (previous name "Bystrovka") is a urban-type settlement in northeastren Kyrgyzstan, the caipital o Kemin Destrict o Chui Province. It is locatit in aboot 95&nbsp;km eastward o Bishkek on the left bank o Chu River in Chuy Valley. Kemin wis established in 1912.

## References
Coat o airms o Moldovae

The **coat o airms o Moldovae** consists o a stylised eagle hauldin a cross in its beak an a sceptre an an olive brainch in its claws. Accordin tae the author o the coat o airms, the eagle seembolizes the Laitin oreegin o the fowk.

The kist o the eagle is protectit bi a shield that bears the tradeetional insigns o Moldavie: an aurochs heid wi the sun amang its horns. It conteens twa rhombi (the lugs) an aa, a five-petal flouer an a muin in a crescent phase. Aathing on the shield haes ane o the three traditional colours: red, yellae, blue.

The coat o airms appears in the centre o the banner o Moldovae.

## Coat o airms o the Airmy o Moldovae

**Adoptit**: 1990

**Elements**: Gules shield; crossed eagle; the shield on the eagle's chest: pairty per fess gules-azure, wearin a golden aurochs, a gowden aicht-pointit starn, a rose, an a muin (crescent); in the eagle's claws: a swuird (dexter) an a mace (sinister); in the eagle's beak: an Orthodox cross

**Uise**: unkent

## Emblem o the Airmy o Moldovae

**Adoptit**: 1990

**Elements**: An olive brainch (dexter), an an aik branch (sinister), jointit bi a tricolour ribbon; crossed eagle; the shield on the eagle's chest: pairty per fess gules-azure, wearin a gowden aurochs, a gowden aicht-pointit starn, a rose, an a muin (crescent); in the eagle's claws: a swuird (dexter) an a mace (sinister); in the eagle's beak: an Orthodox cross

**Uise**: on the front o the Banner o the Naitional Airmy
## Ither coats o airms in Moldovae

image:Stema (a-n).gif|Black-an-white version o the coat o airms
image:Simbolul oficial al Serviciului de Graniceri.jpg|The offeecial seembol o the Border Patrol Service
image:Stema Serviciului de Graniceri.jpg|The coat o airms o the Border Patrol Service
image:Stema Trupelor de Carabinieri.jpg|The coat o airms o the Carabiners Troops
image:Moldavian battle flag.jpg|Moldavian 15t century battle banner
image:MoldavianOldCoatWijsbergen.jpg|Coat o airms o Moldavie's prince, in the Wijsbergen airms beuk
image:Moldova herb.jpg|Coat o airms o the principality o Moldavie, at the Cetăţuia Monastery in Iaşi
image:MoldavianOldCoatBell.jpg|Coat o airms o Moldavie's prince, on the Suceava bell


## See an aa
*Banner o Moldovae
*Coat o airms o Romanie
*Coat o airms o the Moldavian SSR

## References

* Meenistry o Defence
Coat o airms o Romanie

The **coat o airms o [[Romanie]]** wis adoptit in the Romanie Pairlament on 10 September 1992 as a representative coat o airms for Romanie. It is based on the Lesser Coat o Airms o the Kinrick o Romanie (uised atween 1922 an 1947), redesigned bi Victor Dima. As a central element it shows a gowden aquila hauldin a cross in its beak an a mace an a swuird in its claws. It an aa consists o the three colors: red, yellae, an blue, which represent the colors o the naitional banner.
Banner o Europe

The **Banner of Europe** is the banner an emblem o the European Union (EU) an Cooncil o Europe (CoE) (it is uised tae indicate the euro or eurozone kintras an aw). It consists o a circle o 12 gowden (yellae) starns on a blue backgrund. The blue represents the wast, the number o starns represents completeness while their position in a circle represents unity. The starns dae no vary accordin tae the members o either organisation as they are intendit tae represent aw the fowk o Europe, even those ootside European integration.

The banner wis designed bi Arsène Heitz an Paul Lévy in 1955 for the CoE as its seembol, an the CoE urged it tae be adoptit bi ither organisations. In 1985 the EU, which wis then the European Economic Community (EEC), adoptit it as its awn banner (haein haed nae banner o its awn afore) at the initiative o the European Pairlament. The banner is no mentioned in the EU's treaties, its incorporation being dropped alang wi the European Constitution, but it is formally adoptit in law.

Despite it being the banner o twa separate organisations, it is aften mair associatit wi the EU due tae the EU's heicher profile an hivy uisage o the emblem. The banner haes been uised tae represent Europe in sportin events an as a pro-democracy banner ootside the Union an aw. It haes partly inspired ither banners, such as those o ither European organisations an those o states whaur the EU haes been hivily involved (such as Bosnie an Herzegovinae an Kosovo).

## References
Provinces o Iran

**[[Iran]]** is subdividit intae thirty ane provinces (Persian: استان *Ostān*, plural استان‌ها *Ostānhā*), ilka ane govrened frae a local center, uisually the lairgest local ceety, which is cried the caipital (Persian:  *[[Markaz]]*) o that province. The provincial authority is heidit bi a Govrenor-General (Persian:  *Ostāndār*), who is appointit bi the Meenister o the Interior subject tae approval o the cabinet.

## Modren History
Accordin tae Encyclopaedia Britannica, in 1908 there wur thirty five admeenistrative diveesions in Persie, as follaes: 
* Provinces: 1. Arabistan an Bakhtiari, 2. Astarabad and Gurgan, 3. Azerbaijan, 4. Fars, 5. Gerrus, 6. Gilan and Talish, 7. Hamada[n], 8. Irak, Gulpaigan, Khunsar, [Kezzaz, Ferakan, an Tusirkhan], 9. Isfahan, 10. Kashan, 11. Kazvin, 12. Kerman an Baluchistan, 13. Kermanshah, 14. Kamseh, 15. Khar, 16. Khorasan, 17. Kum, 18. Kurdistan, 19. Luristan and Burujird, 20. Mazandaran, 21. Nehavend, Malayir and Kamereh, 22. Savah, 23. Samnan an Damghan, 24. Shahrud an Bostam, 25. Teheran, 26. Zerend an Bagdadi Shahsevens. 
* Dependencies: 1. Asadabad, 2. Demavend, 3. Firuzkuh, 4. Josehekan, 5. Kangaver, 6. Natanz, 7. [], 8. Tarom Ulia, 9. Kharakan.

Till 1950, Iran wis dividit intae twal provinces: Ardalan, Azarbaijan, Baluchestan, Fars, Gilan, Araq-e Ajam, Khorasan, Khuzestan, Kerman, Larestan, Lorestan, and Mazandaran.

In 1950, Iran wis reorganized tae form ten numbered provinces wi subordinate govrenorates: Gilan; Mazandaran; East Azarbaijan; Wast Azarbaijan; Kermanshah; Khuzestan; Fars; Kerman; Khorasan; Isfahan.

Frae 1960 tae 1981 the govrenorates wur raised tae provincial status ane bi ane. Syne then several new provinces hae been creatit, maist recently in 2004 when the province o Khorasan wis split intae three new provinces as well as splittin o the new Alborz Province frae Teheran province in 2010.


File:Persia 1814.jpg|1814 Thomson Map o the admeenistrative diveesions o Persie
File:The Russo-British Pact in 1905.jpg|Map showin the Breetish an Roushie spheres o influence in Warld War I wi approximate province borders in 1907


## Current Provinces

## References
Coat o airms o Finland

The **Coat o airms o Finland** is a crouned lion on a reid field, the richt forepaw replaced wi an armoured haund brandishin a sword, tramplin on a saber wi the hindpaws. Offeecial anerlie syne 1978, the coat o airms wis oreeginally creatit aroond the year 1580.

## Backgrund
### The Lion in Nordic heraldry

The heraldic lion is quite common in Wastren Europe, an several European kintras incorporate it intae thair naitional coats o airms. In Nordic heraldry, the lion is first-foond in the coat o airms o Denmark in the later pairt o the 12t century.

Stairtin in the 12t century, the territory o the day's Finland wis gradually incorporated intae the Swadish kinrick, an this coincidit wi the period when coats o airms first came intae uise in northren Europe. The first kent uise o the lion in Swaden wis on the ryal seals o Erik Knutsson (dee'd 1216) an Erik Eriksson (1216–50), who uised twa an three lions on thair seal, respectively. The first king o the Folkunga faimily, Valdemar Birgersson (1239–1302), an aa uised 3 lions on his seal (*Figure 2*).

### Finland as a Duchy

Bengt Birgersson, the first Duke o Finland (1254–91, Duke frae 1284 till 1291), an Valdemar Magnusson, the seicont Duke (dee'd 1318, Duke o Finland frae 1302 till 1317), baith uised the later Folkunga coat o airms, which wis a crouned lion rampant wi three bends sinister, the main difference bein that Valdemar's airms haed the field strewn wi herts (*Figure 3*). This version o the airms wis quite seemilar tae the modren coat o airms o Finland, but the lion did no yet brandish ony wappen.

## References
Municipalities o Qatar

Afore 2004, **[[Qatar]]** wis dividit intae 10 municipalities (*[[baladiyah]]*):

#Ad Dawhah الدوحة
#Al Ghuwariyah الغويرية
#Al Jumaliyah الجميلية
#Al Khawr الخور
#Al Wakrah الوكرة 
#Ar Rayyan الريان
#Jariyan al Batnah جريان الباطنة
#Madinat ash Shamal الشمال
#Umm Salal أم صلال
#Mesaieed مسيعيد

Syne 2004, Qatar haes been dividit intae aicht municipalities. A new municipality, Al Daayen, wis creatit unner Resolution No. 13, formed frae pairts ofUmm Salal an Al Khawr; at the same time, Al Ghuwariyah wis merged wi Al Khawr; Al Jumaliyah wis merged wi Ar Rayyan; an Jarayan al Batnah wis split atween Ar Rayyan an Al Wakrah.

For statistical purposes, the municipalities are further subdividit intae zones (87 in number as o 2004), which are in turn subdividit intae blocks http://www.planning.gov.qa/Qatar-Census-2004/pubulation-eng/Tabels/Pubulation/T02.htm .

## Populations (2010 Census, provisional)
*Al Dayyan [Al Daayen]	 43,938
*Al Khor 		198,271
*Al Rayyan	        444,557
*Al Shamal	 	 10,408
*Al Wakra		136,600
*Doha    		806,577
*Umm Salal	 	 56,212
*Total	 	      1,696,563

## See an aa
*ISO 3166-2:QA

## References
Depairtments o Colombie

**[[Colombie]]** is an unitar republic formed bi thirty-twa **[[depairtment (kintra subdiveesion)|depairtment]]s** (Spaingie: *departamentos*, sing. *[[departamento]]*) an a **Caipital Destrict** (*[[Distrito Capital]]*). Ilka depairtment haes a Govrenor (*gobernador*) an a Depairtment Assembly (*Asamblea Departamental*), electit bi popular vote for a fower-year period. The govrenor canna be re-electit in consecutive periods. Depairtments are kintra subdiveesions an are grantit a certain degree o autonomy.

Depairtments are formed bi a groupin o municipalities (*municipios*, sing. *[[municipio]]*). Municipal govrenment is heidit bi mayor (*alcalde*) an admeenistered bi a Municipal Cooncil (*concejo municipal*), baith o which are electit for fower-year periods.

The Caipital Destrict is the kintra's caipital, Bogotá. Bogotá is partially dependent on the Cundinamarca Depairtment that surroonds it.

## Chairt o depairtments
Ilka ane o the depairtments o Colombie in the cairt belaw airts tae a correspondin airticle.

### Maps gallery

Image:Mapa de Colombia (+municipios).svg|Map o the Depairtments o Colombie wi Municipalities.
Image:Mapa de Colombia (departamentos).svg|Map o Depairtments o Colombie wi names owerlaid.
Image:Colombia-departamentos.svg|Map o Colombie wi numbered Depairtments
Image:Colombia, administrative divisions - de - colored.svg|Poleetical map o Colombie


## See an aa
* ISO 3166-2:CO
* Leet o Colombian banners
* Leet o kintra subdiveesions
* Leet o poleetical an geographic subdiveesions bi total aurie
* States o Colombie

## Freemit airtins
*  List of Colombian departments governors
*
Al-Awja

**Al-Awja** (; kent as **Owja**,  **Al-Auja** or **Al-Ouja** an aw) is a veelage 8 mile (13&nbsp;km) sooth o Tikrit, in Iraq on the wastren bank o the Tigris. The name is derived frae the Iraqi Arabic wird for corruptit woman, due tae the prevelance o brothels.

It wis the birth place o the umwhile Iraqi Preses Saddam Hussein in 1937 an hame o mony o the leaders of Iraqi provinces durin his Presidency ower Iraq.

When Saddam wis found bi the 4t Infantry Division he wis hidin anerlie a few miles frae his hametoun in the toun o ad-Dawr.
Saddam Hussein wis buried in this veelage afore dawn on December 31, 2006, less nor 24 oors efter his execution teuk place for his major responsibility in creemes against humanity in Iraq.

## Freemit airtins
*Iraq Image - Al-Awja Satellite Observation 

## References