open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ariadna Gil

**Ariadna Gil i Giner** (born 23 Januar 1969 in Barcelona, Catalonie), kent professionally as **Ariadna Gil**, is a Spainyie actress. She is kent for her expressive actin in films siclike *[[Belle Époque (film)|Belle Époque]]* or *[[Lagrimas Negras]]*.

## Career
Bigas Luna discovered her for the 1986 movie  *Lola*. Efter fower films in Catalan, she teuk pairt in a movie in Spaingie in 1991, Emilio Martínez Lázaro's *Amo tu cama rica* 1991.

Frae 1993 tae 2007, she haes performit in mair nor 31 films, such as *[[Libertarias]]*, directit bi  Vicente Aranda; *[[Pan's Labyrinth]]*, bi Guillermo del Toro or *[[Soldiers of Salamina (film)|Soldados de Salamina]]*, directit bi her ex-husband David Trueba.

## Filmografie

## Fremmit airtins
*
*LaPelikula
Brithers' Circle

The **Brithers’ Circle** (umwhile kent as **Faimily o Eleiven** an **The Twinty**) is the name gien tae o an internaitional creeminal group involvit in drog trokin. US Depairtment for Treasury offeecials suggest that it operates in the Middle East, Africae, Laitin Americae, an the Unitit States, an haes allegedly been controlled bi Vladislav Leontyev, a Roushie mobster frae Gorky.

The group wis namit bi the Obama Admeenistration in his 2011 Strategy on Combating Transnational Organized Crime, definin them as "A multiethnic creeminal group composed o leaders an senior memmers o several creeminal organisations lairgely based in kintras o the umwhile Soviet Union.  Mony Brothers' Circle's members share a common ideology based on the thief-in-law tradition, which seeks tae spread their brand o creeminal influence aroond the warld."

## Debate ower existence
Mark Galeotti an expert on Eurasie security haes statit that: “I have not found anyone in Russian law enforcement or elsewhere who actually says ‘yes, the brother’s circle is an organization and it exists. As such the label Brothers' Circle could be seen as an attempt to connect disparate criminal gangs." Housomeivver in Juin 2012, wi the designation o five mair keengpins, Galeotti chyngit his opinion, considerin aiblins that the sanctions are in fact targetin memmers o Aslan Usoyan's (aka *Ded Hassan*) netwirk.

## Allegit memmers
*Vladislav Leontyev
*Vasiliy Khristoforov
*Kamchy Kolbayev
*Gafur Rakhimov
*Alexey Zaytsev
*Lazar Shaybazyan
*Aleksandr Manuylov
*Temuri Mirzoyev
*Koba Shemazashvili
*Lasha Shushanashvili
*Kakhaber Shushanashvili
*Vladimir Vagin
*Eugene Klepinin

## See an aw
*Roushie mafia
*Transnaitional creeme

## References
Lago, Calabrie

**Lago** is a *[[comune]]* in the province o Cosenza, Calabrie, in soothren Italy. It is locatit 42 kilometres frae Cosenza.
International Standard Book Number

**International Standard Book Number** (**ISBN**) is a nummer that identifies an beuk frae ither beuks. Some nummers hae ten deegits an ithers hae thirteen.
Chris Evert

**Christine Marie "Chris" Evert** (born 21 December 1954) is a umwhile Warld No. 1 profeesional tennis player frae the Unitit States. She wan 18 Grand Slam singles championships, includin a record seiven championships at the French Open an a record sax championships at the U.S. Open. She wis the year-endin Warld No. 1 singles player in 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1980, an 1981.

Evert's career winnin percentage in singles matches o 90.05% (1309–145) is the best in the history o profeesional tennis, man or wumman. On clay courts her career winnin percentage in singles matches o 94.05% (316–20) remains a WTA record. In tennis writer Steve Flink's beuk *The Greatest Tennis Matches of the Twentieth Century*, he namit Evert as the third best female player o the 20t century, efter Steffi Graf an Martina Navratilova. Evert won til 34 Grand Slam singles feenals, mair nor ony player, man or wumman, in the history o profeesional tennis. She won til the semifeenals or better, in singles, o 52 o the 56 Grand Slams she played, includin the semifeenals or better o 34 consecutive Grand Slams played frae the 1971 U.S. Open throu the 1983 French Open. Evert niver lost in the first or seicont roond o a Grand Slam singles tournament. She wan 157 singles championships. In weemen's doubles, Evert wan three Grand Slam titles an 29 regular tour championships.

## References
;Notes

## Freemit airtins
* 
* 
* 
*
Cathy Berx

**Cathy Berx** (born Berchem, 8 Januar 1969) is a Belgian Roman Catholic politeecian, jurist an govrenor o the province o Antwerp. Berx is marriet tae Johan Meeusen, vice-rector an professor o European Law at the University o Antwerp, an haes twa childer.

## Career
Berx obtained her Maister o Laws in 1993 an wirkit frae then on as an assistant at the University o Antwerp. Frae 1997 till 2004 she wis a researcher for CEDER (Study Service o Christian Democratic Pairty). In 1998 she became Doctor o Laws an in 2000 she stairtit teachin at the U.A.

Frae 2001 til 2007 she wis vice-chairman o the Social Service Depairtment in Antwerp. An frae 2003 till 2008 she wis vice-chairman o the Christian Democratic Pairty. She joined the Flemish Parliament in 2004 till Aprile 2008. An frae 2007 till 2008 she wis a memmer o the Antwerp Ceety Cooncil.

Durin the difficult discussions in order tae get a new govrenment at the end o 2007, Cathy Berx wis a top staff memmer o Yves Leterme, who later became Prime Meenister o Belgium. Syne May 2008 she is the govrenor o the province o Antwerp an chairman o the Institute o Tropical Medicine Antwerp (ITG).

## Source
* Cathy Berx  
* Cathy Berx
Igelstorp

**Igelstorp** is a locality situatit in Skövde Municipality, Västra Götaland Coonty, Swaden wi 677 inhabitants in 2010.

## References
Pablo Neruda

**Pablo Neruda** (; 12 Julie 1904 – 23 September 1973) wis the pen name an, later, legal name o the Chilean poet, diplomat an politician **Neftali Ricardo Reyes Basoalto**.  He chose his pen name efter Czech poet Jan Neruda. In 1971 Neruda wan the Nobel Prize for Leeteratur.

Colombie novelist Gabriel García Márquez ance cried him 'the greatest poet o the 20t century in ony leid'.

## References
Municipalities o Quintana Roo

The Mexican state o Quintana Roo is made up o **11 municipalities** *(municipios):* Tulum an Bacalar are the newest municipalities. The state wis creatit frae the Quintana Roo Territory in 1974 wi seiven *[[municipio]]s*.  Solidaridad wis formit in 1993 bi act o the Congress o Quintana Roo. Tulum wis split aff frae Solidaridad in Mairch  2008. Bacalar wis split aff frae Othón P. Blanco in Februar 2011.  While the population figures belaw are frae 2010, they hae been adjustit for the creation o the municipality o Bacalar in 2011.



## References
Linda Zilliacus

**Linda Elvira Zilliacus** (née *Gyllenberg* 25 Aprile 1977 in Helsinki) is a Finnish-Swadish actress. She is syne 2001 marriet tae Tobias Zilliacus an they hae 3 childer.

## Freemit airtins
*
*
Alissa Firsova

**Alissa Firsova** (born 24 Julie 1986) is a Roushie-Breetish composer, pianist an conductor.

Born in Moscow tae the composers Elena Firsova an Dmitri Smirnov, she muivit tae the UK in 1991.

In 2001 she wan the BBC/Guardian/Proms Young Composer Competition wi her piano piece “Les Pavots”.

She graduatit frae Purcell School as a componer an pianist in 2004, an Royal Academy of Music as a pianist in 2009, whare she developit her conductin studies wi Paul Brough an aw.

In 2009 she entered the Conducting Postgraduate Course in Royal Academy of Music unner the tuition o Colin Metters.

Her piano teachers includit Tatiana Kantorovich, Valéria Szervánszky, James Gibb, Simon Mulligan, Hamish Milne, Ian Fountain, and Stephen Kovacevich.  Amang her composition teachers wur Jeoffrey Sharkey, Richard Dubugnon, Jonathan Cole an Simon Speare. She pairticipatit in wirkshops an maister classes wi componers Nicholas Maw, Simon Holt, Anthony Gilbert, David Bedford, David Matthews,  an Mark-Anthony Turnage.

She haed her Wigmore Hall debut in Mey 2009, follaeed bi a Royal Albert Hall debut playin Stravinsky’s *[[Les Noces]]* in the Proms festival in August. Her "Bach Allegro", commissioned bi BBC Proms, wis premiered in Royal Albert Hall in August 2010 bi the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra unner Andrew Litton.

## Wirks
*Op.1 “Les Pavots” for Solo Piano
*Op.2 “Strength Through Joy” for Symphony Orchestra
*Op.3 “Three Pieces” for Cello and Piano
*Op.4 ”The Entire City” for String Quintet.
*Op.5 “I tell you the truth, today you will be with me in heaven” for Wind and String Ensemble.
*Op.6 “Rhapsody” for Solo Violin
*Op.7 “Lyrisches Stuck” for Viola and Piano
*Op.8 “Prophet” for Mixed Chorus
*Op.9 “Expressions” for Clarinet and Piano
*Op.11 “The Endless Corridor” for Piano
*Op.12 “Birth of Remembrance” for Flute, Clarinet, Violin and Cello
*Op.13 “Lune Rouge” for Piano
*Op.14 “Age of Reason” for String Quartet
*Op.15 “Celebration” for Clarinet,  Flute, Violin and Cello
*Op.16 “Tamaris” for two cellos
*Op.17 “Bluebells” for piano solo, clarinet, horn, string quartet and percussion (3rd mov of Family Concerto, In memory of Dmitri Shostakovich – family project)
*Op.18 “Paradiso” for String Quartet (3rd mov of “Divine Comedy” – family project)
*Op.19. “Freedom” (Clarinet Concerto)
*Op.20. “Zhivago Songs” to Boris Pasternak's poems for voice and piano
*Op.21 "Moonlight over the Sea" based on Munch's painting for Solo Violin
*Op.22 "Chateau de Canisy" for Voice and Piano"
* "Bach Allegro" for Large Symphony Orchestra  (transcription of the 3rd mov of Bach's 3rd Viola da Gamba Sonata BWV 1029). Proms Commission 2010.

## References

## Freemit airtins
* Personal steid 
* Biography 
* Biography on the site of  "Kingsplace" (UK)
* Op.13 “Lune Rouge” for Piano at "YouTube"
* The article in  "Guardian" (UK)
* The article in  "The Observer" (UK)
*  The article in "Musicalpointers" (UK)
* The article in "Newsofthenorth" (USA)
* The article in "Classica FM" (Russia)
Kirsty Coventry

**Kirsty Leigh Coventry** (born 16 September 1983 in Harare, Zimbabwe) is a Zimbabwean swimmer an umwhile warld record holder. She attendit an swam competitively for Auburn University in Alabama, in the Unitit States.  At the 2004 Simmer Olympics, in Athens, Greece, Coventry wan three Olympic medals: a gowd, a siller, an a bronze, while in the 2008 Simmer Olympics in Beijing she wan fower medals: a gowd an three siller. She wis subsequently describit bi Paul Chingoka, heid o the Zimbabwe Olympic Committee, as "our naitional treasur". Zimbabwean Preses Robert Mugabe haes cried her "a gowden girl," an awairdit her US$100,000 in cash for her 2008 Olympic performance.

## References

## Freemit airtins
*Offeecial Wabsteid 
*Auburn University profile 
*"Kirsty Coventry" , n°83 on *[[Time (magazine)|Time]]*’s list of "100 Olympic Athletes To Watch"
Municipalities o Yucatán

The Mexican state o Yucatán is made up o **106 [[municipio (Mexico)|municipios]]** *([[Municipality|municipalities]]),* organisit intae 9 admeenistrative regions. Maist o the names o the municipalities come frae the Yucatec Maya leid, which is still spoken bi mair o 30% o the population, accordin tae INEGI (2000).




## References
David Cameron

**David William Donald Cameron** (; born 9 October 1966) is an umwhile Prime Meenister o the Unitit Kinrick, First Laird o the Treasury, Meenister for the Ceevil Service an Leader o the Conservative Pairty. He representit Witney as its Memmer o Parliament (MP). Cameron identifies as a Ane-Naition Conservative, an haes been associatit wi baith economically leeberal an socially leeberal policies.

Born in Lunnon tae walthy upper middle-cless parents, Cameron wis eddicatit at Heatherdown School, Eton College, an Brasenose College, Oxford. Frae 1988 til 1993 he wirked at the Conservative Research Department, assistin the Conservative Prime Meenister John Major, afore leavin politics tae wirk for Carlton Communications in 1994. Becomin ae MP in 2001, he serrt in the opposition shaidae cabinet unner Conservative leader Michael Howard, succeedin Howard in 2005. Cameron socht tae rebrand the Conservatives, embracin an increasinly socially leeberal position. The 2010 general election led tae Cameron becomin Prime Meenister as the heid o a coaleetion govrenment wi the Leeberal Democrats – the youngest hauder o the office sin the 1810s. His premiership wis merked bi the ongangin effects o the late-2000s financial crisis; this involved a muckle deficit in govrenment finances that his govrenment socht tae reduce throu austerity meisurs. His administraction introduced muckle-scale chynges tae welfare, immigration policy, eddication, an healcare. It privatised the Ryal Mail an some ither state assets, an legalised same-sex mairiage.

Internaitionally, his govrenment intervened militarily in the Libian Ceevil War an later authorised the bombin o the Islamic State o Iraq an the Levant; domestically, his govrenment owersaw the referendum on votin reform an Scots unthirldom referendum, baith o that confirmed Cameron's favoured ootcome. Whan the Conservatives siccared an unexpectit majority in the 2015 general election he remaint as Prime Meenister, this time leadin a Conservative-anly govrenment. Tae fulfil a manifesto pledge, he introduced a referendum on the UK's conteenuin membership o the EU. Cameron supportit conteena'd membership; follaein the success o the Leave vote, he demittit for tae mak wey for a new Prime Meenister an wis succeedit bi Theresa May.

Cameron haes been praised for modrenisin the Conservative Pairty an for decreasin the Unitit Kinrick's naitional deficit. Conversely, he haes been criticised bi feegurs on baith the left an richt, an haes been accuised o political opportunism an elitism.

## References
Progreso Municipality

**Progreso Municipality** mey refer tae:

* Progreso Municipality, Coahuila, a municipality in the state o Coahuila, Mexico
* Progreso Municipality, Yucatán, a municipality in the state o Yucatán, Mexico
Enthroned

**Enthroned** is a black metal band formit in Charleroi in 1993 bi Cernunnos.

## Line-up
* Nornagest - Lead vocals (2007-), guitar (1995-)
* Neraath (formerly Nerath Daemon) - Guitar, vocals (2000–2004, 2009-)
* Phorgath - Bass guitar, vocals (2007-)
* Garghuf - Drums (2009-)

### Umwhile memmers
* Tzelmoth - Live Guitar, vocals (2010)
* Ahephaim - Drums (2007–2009)
* Nguaroth - Guitar, background vocals (2004–2009)
* Alsvid - Drums (2001–2004)
* Lord Sabathan - Lead vocals, bass (1994–2006)
* Glaurung - Drums (2004–2007)
* Namroth Blackthorn - Drums (1998–2001)
* Nebiros - Guitar (1995–2000)
* Da Cardoen - Session drums on *Towards the Skullthrone of Satan* (1997)
* Cernunnos - Drums (1993–1997) Committed suicide by hanging on April 19, 1997
* Tsebaoth - Guitar (1993–1996)
* Asmodeus - Guitar (1995)
* Alexis - Lead vocals (1993)

## Discografie
* *[[Prophecies of Pagan Fire]]* (Full-length, 1995, Evil Omen Productions) - Re-released with a bonus CD entitled *Commanders of Chaos* in 1999 by Blackend Records
* (Full-length, 1997, Blackend Records) (Full-length, 1999, Blackend Records)
* (Full-length, 2001, Blackend Record (Full-length, 2003, Napalm Records)
* ( 2003, Records)
* (Full-length, 2004, Napalm Records)
* (Live album, 2005, Napalm Records)
* (Full-length, 2007,Records)
* (Full-length, 2010,  Records)
* (Full-length, 2012)

## References

## Freemit airtins
* Official website
* AMG listing
* Official MySpace page
* Regain Records
* The band's official forum
Charleroi

**Charleroi** (, ) is a ceety an a municipality o Wallonie, locatit in the province o Hainaut, Belgium. Bi 1 Januar 2008, the tot population o Charleroi wis 201,593. The metropolitan aurie, includin the ooter commuter zone, covers an aurie o  wi a tot population o 522,522 bi 1 Januar 2008, rankin it as the 5t maist populous in Belgium efter Brussels, Antwerp, Liège an Ghent. The indwallers are cried *Carolorégiens* or simply *Carolos*.

## Twin ceeties
* Hirson, Fraunce
* Saint-Junien, Fraunce
* Schramberg, Germany
* Waldkirch, Germany
* Manoppello, Italy
* Casarano, Italy
* Follonica, Italy
* Himeji, Japan
* Donetsk, Ukraine
* Pittsburgh, USA
* Charleroi, Pennsylvanie, USA

## References

## Freemit airtins

*Offeecial wabsteid
Namur

**Namur** (, Dutch: , *Nameur* in Walloon) is a ceety an municipality in Wallonie, in soothren Belgium. It is baith the caipital o the province o Namur an (syne 1986) o Wallonie.

## Twin touns — Sister ceeties
Namur is twinned wi:

## References

## Sources

*  Jean-Pol Hiernaux : *Namur, capitale de la Wallonie*, in *Encyclopédie du Mouvement wallon*, Tome II, Charleroi, Institut Jules Destrée, 2000, ISBN 2-87035-019-8 (or 2d ed., CD-ROM, 2003, ISBN 2-87035-028-7)

## Freemit airtins

* The municipal wabsteid o The Ceety o Namur (in French)
* Namur Tourism
Liège

**Liège** (; , ; ; ; ; ; ; til 17 September 1946 the ceety's name wis written , wi the acute accent insteid o a grave accent) is a major ceety an municipality o Belgium locatit in the province o Liège, o whilk it is the economic caipital, in Wallonie, the French-speakin region o Belgium.

## International relations

### Twin towns – Sister cities

Liège is twinned wi:

## References
;Notes

## Freemit airtins
Municipalities o Durango

The Mexican state o Durango is dividit intae **39 [[Municipality|municipalities]]** *([[Municipio (Mexico)|municipios]]):* 



The Mexican postal service, Correos de México, provides an online leukup service for postal codes at http://www.sepomex.gob.mx . 

## Bibliografie
The follaein resources are in Spaingie. 

*Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México  Produced by the Secretariat of Governance (Secretaría de Gobernación, SEGOB). For each Mexican state, this Web site provides detailed articles on each of the state's municipalities, accessible by either clickable map of the municipalities or a clickable list of the municipalities. If a desired link has not been activated, try this  alternative Web site for the Enciclopedia  (as of 2009.02.11).

*http://www.municipios.com.mx Identifees itsel as the offeecial (Wab) portal o the municipalities o Mexico.
Municipalities o the State o Mexico

The Mexican state o Mexico is made up o **125 [[Municipalities o Mexico|municipios]]** *([[Municipality|municipalities]]):*
  


## Freemit airtins
*Map of municipalities Estado de México / State o Mexico (password required)
Dominique Monami

**Dominique Monami** (born 31 Mey 1973 in Verviers, Belgium) is a umwhile Belgian profeesional female tennis player.

In 1995, she marriet her coach Bart Van Roost, wi whom she haes a dochter, an played unner the name **Dominique Van Roost** till their divorce in 2003.

Her biggest achievement came durin the 2000 Simmer Olympics in Sydney whare she wan the bronze medal in doubles, pairtnerin Els Callens. Monami wan fower singles titles an reached a career-heich singles rankin o Warld No. 9 in October 1998.

## Freemit airtins
*
*
*Her offeecial wabsteid
Angel Witch

**Angel Witch** is a Breetish hivy metal baund which formit in Lunnon, Ingland in 1977 as pairt o the New Wave o Breetish Hivy Metal muivement.

## Discografie
### Studio Albums
**[[Angel Witch (album)|Angel Witch]]* (1980)
**[[Screamin' 'n' Bleedin']]* (1985)
**[[Frontal Assault]]* (1986)
**[[Resurrection (Angel Witch album)|Resurrection]]* (1998)
**[[As Above, So Below (album)|As Above, So Below]]* (2012)
**[[Angel of Light]]* (2019)

### Live albums
**Angel Witch Live* (1990)
**2000: Live at the LA2* (2000)
**Angel of Death: Live at East Anglia Rock Festival* (2006)
**Burn the White Witch - Live in London* (2009)

### Compilations
**Doctor Phibes* (1986)
**Screamin' Assault* (1988)
**'82 Revisited* (1997)
**Resurrection* (1998)
**Sinister History* (1999)

### Extendit plays & singles
**Angel Witch* [single] (1980)	 
**Sweet Danger* [single] (1980)
**Sweet Danger* [EP] (1980)
**Loser* [single] (1981)
**Goodbye* [single] (1985) 	
**They Wouldn't Dare* [EP] (2004)
**Don't Turn Your Back* [single] (2019)

## Demos
**Demo 1* (1979)
**Demo 2* AKA *Give It Some Tickle* (1971)
**Demo 3* (1983)
**Psychopathic* (1987)	  
**Twist of the Knife* (1990)
**Resurrection* (1998)

The demos *Psychopathic*, *Twist of the Knife* & *Resurrection* wur later put thegither on the 1998 compilation cried *Resurrection* an aw.

## Freemit airtins
*Angel Witch myspace
Tell Abyad

**Tell Abyad** ( **) is a Sirie toun locatit alang the Balikh River an admeenistratively belangin tae Ar-Raqqah Govrenorate. It haes a population o 12,490.
Arzakan

**Arzakan** (; an aw, **Arzakyand**) is a toun in the Kotayk Province o Armenie.

## Gallery

## References
*
*World Gazeteer: Armenia &ndash; World-Gazetteer.com
*
Alapars

**Alapars** (, Romanizit as **Alap’ars**; umwhile **Aylaberk**, **Vardanavan**, an **Vardanavank** an aw) is a veelage in the Kotayk Province o Armenie. Its center is dominatit bi the kirks o S. Astvatsatsin biggit in 1897 an Vardan Kirk (Vardanavank in Armenie) biggit in 901.  Accordin tae local legend Vardanavank contains a drop o blood frae the Armenie naitional hero Vardan Mamikonian.

## Gallery

Image:Alapars S. Astvatsatsin 1897.JPG|S. Astvatsatsin Kirk, 1897.
Image:Vardanavank Khachkar.JPG|Khachkar adjacent tae Vardanavank.


## References
* 
* World Gazeteer: Armenia &ndash; World-Gazetteer.com
* 
* 
*
Bjni

**Bjni** (; written **Bjini** or **Bzhni** an aw) is a veelage in the Kotayk Province o Armenie. It is situatit in a strath atween canyon waws an a smaw river. Throughoot Bjni's history, it haes remained ane o the main centers o education in Armenie. Some manuscripts frae Bjni datit tae the 12t tae 17t centuries hae survivit. The first recordit mention o the veelage wis bi the 5t tae 6t century chronicler an historian Ghazar Parpetsi.

## Gallery

Image:Saint Sargis Bjni.JPG|Kirk o Saunt Sargis atop a stane ootcrop in the middle o the veelage east o the fortress.
Image:S. Gevorg Bjni 1.JPG|The kirk o Surb Gevorg (S. George) biggit in the 13t c. sits just a couple hooses awa frae Bjni Kirk.
Image:Bjni Fortress.JPG|Remains o Bjni Fortress wi a medieval structur being rebiggit upon the plateau.


## References
*
*

## Freemit airtins

* Kirk o Holy Virgin in Bjni (armenica.org) 
* Kirk o St Sarkis in Bjni (armenica.org) 
* Communities Association of Armenia: Bjni 
* 3D model of Church of St Sarkis in Bjni
* World Gazeteer: Armenia &ndash; World-Gazetteer.com
Sinjwan

**Sinjwan** () is a toun in northwastren Sirie, admeenistratively pairt o the Latakia Govrenorate, locatit north o Latakia. Nearby localities include Sqoubin, Baksa an al-Qanjarah tae the north, Sitmarkho tae the northeast, Burj al-Qasab tae the northwast. Accordin tae the Sirie Central Bureau o Statistics, Sqoubin haed a population o 3,163 in the 2004 census.

## References
Mashqita

**Mashqita** () is a toun in northwastren Sirie, admeenistratively pairt o the Latakia Govrenorate, locatit north o Latakia. Nearbi localities include Ayn al-Bayda, Al-Shamiyah an Burj Islam tae the wast, al-Bahluliyah tae the east an Mushayrafet al-Samouk tae the soothwast. Accordin tae the Sirie Central Bureau o Statistics, Mashqita haed a population o 2,376 in the 2004 census.

## References
Charentsavan

**Charentsavan** (, Romanizit as **Ch’arents’avan**, **Ch’arants’avan**, **Čarenc'avan**, an **Choentsavan**; umwhile namit **Lusavan** till 1967) is a ceety locatit in the Kotayk Province (*marz*) o Armenie. Its population o 19,708 fowk at the 2001 census haes syne declined. The ceety wis foondit in 1948, an renamit in 1967 in honor o the poet Yeghishe Charents.

## Sport
* Mush Charentsavan

## References

*
*World Gazeteer: Armenia &ndash; World-Gazetteer.com
*
Al-Shir

**Al-Shir** () is a toun in northwastren Sirie, admeenistratively pairt o the Latakia Govrenorate, locatit sooth o Latakia. Nearbi localities include Baksa an Sqoubin tae the north, Fideo tae the east and Hanadi, al-Bassah an Bustan al-Basha tae the sooth. Accordin ta the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, al-Shir haed a population o 2,129 in the 2004 census.

## References
Yalda, Sirie

**Yalda** (, an aa spelled **Yelda**) is a toun in soothren Sirie, admeenistratively pairt o the Rif Dimashq Govrenorate, locatit on the soothren ootskirts o Damascus tae the wast o the Yarmouk Camp. Nearbi localities include al-Hajar al-Aswad, Jaramana, Sayyidah Zaynab, al-Sabinah an Babbila. Accordin tae the Sirie Central Bureau o Statistics, Yalda haed a population o 28,384 in the 2004 census. The toun is the admeenistrative centre o the Babbila *[[nahiyah]]* consistin o 13 touns an veelages wi a combined population o 341625 an aw.

## History
The toun haes auncient ruins includin foondations o hewn stane an Corinthian columns o basalt.

Yalda wis visitit bi Sirie geografer Yaqut al-Hamawi in the early 13t-century, durin Ayyubid rule. He notit that it wis "a veelage lyin some 3 miles frae Damascus. The feenal *n* is sometimes left oot, an the name pronooncit Yalda."

## References

## Bibliografie

*
*
Ken Stott

**Kenneth Campbell 'Ken' Stott** (born 19 October 1954, in Edinburgh) is a Scots actor, particularly kent in the Unitit Kinrick for his monie roles in telly.
Scotch ale

**Scotch ale** is the Edinburgh version o Burton Pale Ale: daurk, wi a bittersweet, atimes slichtly metallic tang, an generally strang. Scotch Ale wis first uised as a designation for strang ales exportir fae Edinburgh in the 18t century. The term haes acome popular in the USA, whaur strang ales which micht can be available in Scotland unner a different name ar sauld in Americae as "Scotch Ale", for examplar, Caledonian's *Edinburgh Strong Ale* or *Edinburgh Tattoo*, is sauld in the USA as *Edinburgh Scotch Ale*.

## Fitmerks
Great Russian Encyclopedia

The ***Great Russian Encyclopedia*** or ***Greit Roushie Encyclopedie*** (; ) is a new universal Roushie encyclopedie in 30 volumes, published syne 2004 bi Bolšaja Rossijskaja Enciklopedija publishers. It is releasit unner the auspices o the Roushie Academy o Sciences efter Preses Vladimir Putin signed a presidential decree №1156 in 2002.

The chief editor o *GRE* is the RAS Preses Yury Osipov. The editorial buird features 80 RAS memmers, includin Nobel Prize laureates Zhores Alferov an Vitaly Ginzburg.

The first, introductory volume, releasit in 2004 is dedicatit tae Roushie. It is planned tae re-release ilka five years. Thare wur 18 volumes releasit atween 2005 an 2011, coverin the range frae "A" tae "Манизер" (*[[Manizer]]*).

## See an aa
**[[Great Soviet Encyclopedia]]*

## References


## External links
*
Norodom Sihanouk

**Norodom Sihanouk** (; 31 October 192215 October 2012) wis the Keeng o Cambodie frae 1941 tae 1955 an again frae 1993 til 2004. He wis the effective ruler o Cambodie fae 1953 tae 1970. Efter his seicont abdication in 2004, he wis kent as **The King-Faither o Cambodie** (), a poseetion in which he retained mony o his umwhile responsibilities as constitutional monarch. He an aa servit mony terms as Prime meenister o Cambodie. He diet in Beijing in 2012, 16 days afore his 90t birthday.
Scots Pairlament Biggin

The **Scots Pairlament Biggin** (, ) is the hame o the Scots Pairlament at Halyruid, athin the UNESCO Warld Heritage Steid in central Edinburgh. Construction o the biggin stairtit in Juin 1999 an the Memmers o the Scots Pairlament (MSPs) haud thair first debate in the new biggin on 7 September 2004. The formal appenin bi Queen Elizabeth teuk place on 9 October 2004. Enric Miralles, the Catalan architect wha designed the biggin, dee'd afore its completion.

## Fitmerks
Poond (siller)

The **Poond** is a unit o siller uised in some kintras.

The Poond sterling is the offeecial siller o the Unitit Kinrick.

The Irish poond wis umwhile uised in the Republic til it wis replacit bi the Euro.
Al-Kiswah

**Al-Kiswah**  ( **' spelt **Kiswe''' an aw) is a sma ceety in Sirie, locatit approximately  sooth o Damascus. It wis the location o the 1303 Battle o Marj al-Saffar, an the childheid hame o Adnan Awad.

Admeenistratively, Kiswe belangs tae Markaz Rif Dimashq destrict, an the centre o Kiswe sub-destrict (nahiyah).


|Brig in Kiswe ceety namit Al-Kobri
|Grand Mosque in Kiswe ceety
|River in Kiswe ceety
File:Al-Kiswah-farms.jpg|Kiswe ferms


## Fremmit airtins
* Mair information for Kiswe ceety 
* Main steid for the ceety
Aghvani

**Aghvani** (, Romanizit as **Agvani**; umwhile, **Khoghvani**) is a veelage an rural commonty (municipality) in the Syunik Province o Armenie. The Naitional Statistical Service o the Republic o Armenie (ARMSTAT) reportit Agarak's population as 88 in 2010, doun frae 138 at the 2001 census.

## References
Skiin

**Skiin** is a winter sport needin a muntain. Skiin can be a means o transport, a recreautional acteevity or a competitive winter sport in which the pairteecipant uises skis tae screive on snaw. Mony teeps o competitive skiin events are recognised bi the Internaitional Olympic Committee (IOC), an the Internaitional Ski Federation (FIS).

## See an aa
*Snawbuirdin
Kim Dae-jung

**Kim Dae-jung** (3 December 1925 – 18 August 2009) wis 8t Preses o the Republic o Korea frae 1998 tae 2003, an the 2000 Nobel Peace Prize recipient. He came tae be cried the "Nelson Mandela o Asie" for his lang-staundin opposition tae authoritarian rule.

## References

## Freemit airtins
*Official Nobel page for Kim 
*Kim Dae-jung Presidential Library
*
Asterix (baund)

**Asterix** wur a German rock group whose members wad later go on tae chynge thair name an form the first line-up o Lucifer's Friend. Durin the baund's short-livit time unner this name thay recordit ane album in 1970 an released the single "Everybody". Heavy metal jurnalist, Ian Christe, notit the group as a ane o the, "Forgotten strains o proto metal."

## Discography
**[[Asterix (album)|Asterix]]* (1970)

## References
*Christe, Ian (2003). *Sound of the Beast: The Complete Headbanging History of Heavy Metal*. HarperCollins. ISBN 0-380-81127-8

## Notes
Pierre Laval

**Pierre Laval** (; 28 Juin 188315 October 1945) wis a French politeecian. He wis fower times Preses o the cooncil o meenisters o the Third Republic, twice consecutively.

Follaein Fraunce's surrender an Airmistice wi Germany in 1940, he servit twice in the Vichy Regime as heid o govrenment. He signed orders permittin the deportation o foreign Jews frae French sile tae the Nazi daith camps.

Efter Liberation (1945), Laval wis arrestit bi the French govrenment unner General Charles de Gaulle, foond guilty o heich traison, an executit bi firin squad. The controversy surroondin his poleetical activities haes generatit a dozen biografies.
Ozaryntsi

**Ozaryntsi** (; , translit. *Azarenits*) is a village in the Mohyliv-Podilskyi Raion* (destrict) o the *Vinnytsia Oblast'' (province), Ukraine.

## Famous fowk frae Ozaryntsi
* Aliza Greenblatt (1888–1975) – Yiddish poet.

## Freemit airtins
* http://www.ozarinci.narod.ru
* http://ukraine.kingdom.kiev.ua/region/01/ozarynzi.php
* http://www.castles.com.ua/ozar.html
* Weather in Ozaryntsi
Süloğlu

**Süloğlu** is a destrict o Edirne Province o Turkey. The population is 3394 as o 2010. The mayor is Erol Atik (AKP).

## References
Bozova

**Bozova** is a destrict o Şanlıurfa Province o Turkey, 38&nbsp;km frae the ceety f Şanlıurfa.

Bozova is a plain o rich fermland watered frae the lake ahint the Atatürk Dam.

## References
Çankırı Province

**Çankırı Province** () is a province o Turkey, which lees close tae the caipital, Ankara. The provincial caipital is Çankırı.

## Economy
Çankırı is primarily agricultural wi wheat, beans, corn an tomatoes the maist common crops.

## Climate
Simmers in Çankırı are vera hot wi law rain. Winters are vera cauld wi rain an occasional snaw.

## Destricts

Çankırı province is dividit intae 12 destricts (caipital destrict in **bauld**):
*Atkaracalar
*Bayramören
***[[Çankırı]]**
*Çerkeş
*Eldivan
*Ilgaz
*Kızılırmak
*Korgun
*Kurşunlu
*Orta
*Şabanözü
*Yapraklı

## References

## Freemit airtins

*  Çankırı govrenor's offeecial wabsteid 
*  Çankırı local news wabsteid
Kennisheid

**Kennisheid** (Scots Gaelic: *Ceann Ceanais*) is an area in the city o Glesga. It is sooth o the River Clyde an mairches the destrict o Carndouk. The area is owergaed bi five heich rise touer blocks that are cried the "Kennisheid flats".

Kennisheid is hame tae an auld disuised fairm, whaur it gits its name frae.

## Soorces
Aylin Nazlıaka

**Aylin Nazlıaka** (born 3 December 1968) is a Turkis businesswumman an politeecian wi the Republican Fowkpairty (CHP). Memmer o Parliament.
She is the memmer o EU Commission o Compliance an Turkey-EU Jynt Parliamentary Commission at Turkis Grand Naitional Assembly.

Born in Ankara. Faither's name is Mehmet Kenan, mither's name is Göksel. Graduatit wi an Economics degree frae Middle East Technical University.  Her career stairtit at Koç Holding. When agit 24, she formit her awn company. She became a leadin name in human resoorces field in Turkey. She haes wirkit in ceevil organisations lik Peryön, Private Employment Agencies Association an Endeavor as foondin memmer an aw, buird memmer an advisory buird memmer. She hostit a weekly live program İş ve Kariyer Dünyası. She haes lectured at Bilkent University on human resoorces. 
She wis chosen the "Business wumman o the year" for 2001. In 2002, she wis gien the ODTÜ Honorary Awaird, "Young Business wumman o the year" awaird in 2008, "Awairds for fowk touchin lives" an "Weemen's Platform" in 2012.
She speaks Inglis (heich level). Marriet (2 childer).

## References

## Freemit airtins
* Aylin Nazlıaka  TBMM
Alcoholism

**Alcoholism** is a braid term fir proablems wae alcohol, an generally is uist tae mean compulsive an uncontrollable consumpt o alcoholic drink, mair awften than no tae the detriment o the drinker's ane weel bein, persoanl relationships, an social staundin. It is medically considert tae be an ailment, specifically an addictive illness, an in psychiatry sevral ither terms ir uised an aa, specifically "alcohol abuse" an "alcohol dependence," which differ in lik bi definition.  In 1979 an expert Wurld Healt Organization committee discurit the uiss o "alcoholism" in medicine, preferrin the category o "alcohol dependence syndrome".  In the 19t an early 20t centuries, alcohol dependence in general wis cawd dipsomania, but noo that term haes a  mair specific meanin. Fouk ailin frae alcoholism ir awften cawd  "alchies" (colloquial) or "alcoholics" (formal). Ither terms, the lik o which hae been insulting or informal, hae been Kent throu'oot historie.,  The Wurld Healt Organization estimate thare ir 140 million fouk wae alcoholism wurldwide.

Chairity *Alcohol Change UK* hae upcast that 586,780 fowk in Ingland ar dependent on alcohol, wi anely 18% o thaim seekin treatment needit ti thole through.

The Scottish Intercollegit group network defines hazardous drinking ower 40g o pure ethanol (5 units) evry day fir men an ower 24g pure ethanol (3 units) evry day fir weemen. Howe'er, thir leemits ir uist tae identify heich risk group an harmfu drinking is considert tae hae mair holistic definition that encompasses physical an mental healt. The internation'l classification o diseases (ICD-10) requires actual harm tae the physical or mental weel bein a an individual tae ful'fu the definition a harmfu drinkin. Alcohol dependence is fairther definitively describit bi SIGN as an individual wae at least 3 o the fallowin; drouth fir alcohol, nae control in gien the drink up, a physioloogical withdrawl state when aff the drink, tolerance, neglect o ither activities an persistent uiss despite obvious detriment tae the drinker.

Treatment o alcoholism taks severl steps. Cause o the medical proablems that can be causd wae withdrawal, alcohol detoxification is carefu'y controllt an mey involve medications sic as benzodiazepines lik diazepam (Valium). fowk wae alcoholism ir mair prone tae ither addictions, includin addictions tae benzodiazepines, thit'll mibbie complicate this step. Efter detoxification, ither support sic as group therapy or" self-help" groups are uist tae help the person stay aff the drink. Thombs (1999) states accordin tae behaviourl sciences, alcoholism is describit as a “maladaptive behavyir”. He explains this must no be confusit wae “misbehavyir”. Behaviourl scientists expleen that addicts hae a behavyir pattern that mey lead tae destructive consequences for themsel, thair kin an society. This dissnae label addicts as bad or irresponsible. Comparit wae men, weemen ir mair sensitive tae alcohol's harmfu physical, cerebral, an mental effects.

## References
Busha

**Busha** (, ) is a veelage in Yampilskyi Raion, Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine. It got the status o a ceety in the early 17t century. In 1629 thare wur 2.000 fowk livin in this ceety. 

## History
Historical settlements in the aurie date back tae several auncient ceevilizations, includin Cucuteni-Trypillian cultur, Scythiae, Chernyakhov cultur, an Auld East Slavic cultures.
 
Busha is kent in history acause o the Peace o Busza that wis signed in this veelage atween the Pols-Lithuanie Commonwalth an the Ottoman Empire on 23 September 1617. Durin the mid-17t century, the ceety, situatit in Bracław Voivodeship o the Pols-Lithuanie Commonwalth, wis the steid o several battles atween Poles an Ukrainian Cossacks an aw. 

Efter the destruction o the fortress in November 1654 the ceety suin lost its status an wis degradit tae veelage. The veelage haes several historical monuments such as the ruins efter the 15-16t century fortress and a toun haw. 

## Freemit airtins
* Busha castle
* Photos of Busha
*Map o Busha veelage
* Bicycle tours tae Busha
Uzunköprü

**Uzunköprü** is a sma toun an a destrict o Edirne Province in northwastren Turkey.

It is on the railwey line frae Istanbul towards Sofia, Belgrade an wastren Europe, an a frontier post on the Greek border.

## Lang Brig
The "Lang Brig" () gae its name tae the toun. The brig wis biggit atween 1426 an 1443 bi heid airchitect Muslihiddin on the orders o Ottoman Sultan Murad II.  The auncient stane-biggit brig, which haes 174 airches, is  lang an up tae  wide. Some o the airches are pointit an some are roond. Uzunköprü is the langest stane brig in Turkey.

The brig wis made tae cross the Ergene River, which wis a naitural barrier for advances intae the Balkans for the Ottoman Empire; its auld name wis Ergene Brig (). It is sae lang in order tae cross a law-lyin mairshy aurie. The brig wis restored in 1963.

The Edirne – Izmir state road still passes ower Uzunköprü.

## Freemit airtins
* Uzunköprü website
Christopher Mhlengwa Zikode

**Christopher Mhlengwa Zikode** is a Sooth African rapist an serial killer who wis convictit in 1995 on 8 coonts o murther, 5 coonts o rape, 5 coonts o attemptit murther an 2 coonts o indecent assault. Zikode is housomeivver considered responsible for at least 18 murthers an 11 attemptit murthers.

## Creeminal career
Zikode terrorisit the sma, rural Sooth African toun o Donnybrook KwaZulu-Natal. Ower the course o twa years, Zikode attackit hoosehaulds as well as single weemen traversin rural terrain. His typical modus operandi wis tae force entry intae a hoosehauld an shuit aw male members o the faimily. He wad then tak the remainin wumman/weemen intae nearbi fields or plantations an rape them repeatedly, on occasion for mair nor five oors. Uncooperative victims wad be shot afore he proceedit tae commit necrophilia.

Zikode wis eventually arrestit on the 29t o September 1995. He wis sentencit on the 7t o Januar 1997 tae 140 years in preeson. Zikode haed been arrestit for the first time in Julie 1995 for the attemptit murther o Beauty Zulu. While on bail he is kent tae hae committit further creemes includin ane coont o murther an 2 coonts o attemptit murther.

Zikode wis convictit wi the assistance o Sooth African psychologist an creeminal profiler Micki Pistorius.

## References
Sipho Thwala

**Sipho Mandla Agmatir Thwala** (born 1968) is a Sooth African rapist an serial killer who wis convictit in 1999 for the murthers o 16 weemen an 10 rapes. He wis sentencit tae 506 years in preeson. Thwala wis kent bi the moniker "The Phoenix Strangler".

Thwala, born an raised in KwaMashu, began his year-lang rape an murther spree in 1996 in Sooth Africae's KwaZulu-Natal province. His modus operandi wis tae lur local weemen intae accompanyin him throu the succarcane fields o Mount Edgecombe near the toun o Phoenix wi the promise o employment as domestic servants in hotels. Ance thay wur deep athin the cane fields, Thwala wad attack the weemen, bind them wi thair awn unnergarments an then rape, strangle an bludgeon them tae daith. Efterwairds, hopin tae destroy ony fisical evidence o his attack, he wad set fire tae the cane fields.

Thwala wis arrestit in 1997 efter Sooth African polis matched DNA foond on the victims tae DNA taken frae Thwala in 1994 when he wis arrestit an acquittit o a rape. On 31 Mairch 1999, the High Court in Durban foond Thwala guilty o 16 murthers an 10 rapes an sentencit him tae 506 years in preeson.

Thwala is currently bein held at C Max Penitentiary in Pretoria, Sooth Africae.

## References

## Further readin
*
Tartan Day

**Tartan Day** is a celebration o Scots heritage on 6 Aprile, the date on which the Declaration o Aiberbrothock wis signed in 1320. An *[[ad hoc]]* event wis haud in New York Ceety in 1982, but the current format originatit in Canadae in the mid-1980s. It spread til ither communities o the Scots diaspora in the 1990s.
Remembrance Day

**Remembrance Day** (forby kent as **Poppy Day** or Armistice Day) is a memorial day observit in Commonweel kintras syne the end o Warld War I for tae remember the memmers o thair airmit forces wha hae dee'd in the line o duty. This day, or alternative dates, are awso recognised as special days for weir remembrances in monie nan-Commonweel kintras. Remembrance Day is observit on 11 November for tae recall the end o fechtin on that date in 1918. Hostilities formally endit 'at the 11t oor o the 11t day o the 11t month', in accordance wi the Armistice, signed bi representatives o Germany an the Entente atween 5:12 an 5:20 that forenuin. ('At the 11t oor' refers tae the *passin* o the 11t oor, or 11:00&nbsp;a.m.) Warld War I offeecially endit wi the signin o the Treaty o Versailles on 28 Juin 1919.

The day wis specifically dedicate bi Keeng George&nbsp;V on 7 November 1919 as a day o remembrance for memmers o the airmit forces wha wur killt durin Warld War I. This wis possibly duin upon the suggestion o Edward George Honey tae Wellesley Tudor Pole, wha establisht twa ceremonial periods o remembrance based on events in 1917.

The reid remembrance poppy haes becom a familiar emblem o Remembrance Day due tae the poem 'In Flanders Fields'. Thir poppies bloomed across some o the warst battlefields o Flanders durin the weir, thair brilliant reid colour an appropriate seembol for the bluid spillt in the weir.

## Fitmerks
Syunik (veelage)

**Syunik** (, Romanizit as **Syunik’** an aw; umwhile, **Siznak** an **Syznak**) is a veelage an rural commonty (municipality) in the Syunik Province o Armenie.  

The commonty o Syunik contains the veelages o Syunik, Bargushat, Ditsmayri, Khordzor, an Sznak.  The Naitional Statistical Service o the Republic o Armenie (ARMSTAT) reportit that the commonty's population wis 1,294 in 2010, up frae 1,023 at the 2001 census.

## References
Ryal Mile

The **Royal Mile** or **Ryal Mile** is the name gien syne the 16t-century tae a succession o streets which thegither form the main thoroughfare o the Auld Toun o the ceety o Edinburgh.
Mondulkiri Province

**Mondulkiri** (,  literally: "Muntain o the Mandala.") is a province (*khaet*) o Cambodie. Bordering the provinces o Kratie tae the wast, Stung Treng tae the northwast, Ratanakiri tae the north an the kintra o Vietnam tae the east an sooth, it is the maist spairsely populatit province in the kintra despite being the lairgest in land aurie. The caipital is the toun o Senmonorom.

## Geografie an environment

Mondulkiri is kent for its forestit hills an pouerful watterfaws. Some watterfaws include:
*Bou Sra Watterfaw. Locatit at Pich Chinda Destrict, 43 kilometers frae Senmonorom toun, Bou Sra is the lairgest watterfaw, made famous bi a popular Khmer sang in Mondulkiri.
*Senmonorom Watterfaw. Five kilometers frae toun an an easy walk, Senmonorom watterfaw is no hintle tae leuk at an uised tae be a nice picnic spot till the construction o a Japanese built hydro electric pouer station that cut the flow o watter.
*Romnea Watterfaw. Ten kilometers frae Senmonorom, Romnea watterfaw is actually 1 o 3 lairge watterfaws that haes nou been deforestit an privatisit.

Mondulkiri faces a significant threat frae illegal loggers attemptin tae exploit the aurie's virgin forests.

## Destricts
The province is subdividit intae 5 destricts, which are further subdivided into 21 communes and 98 villages.
*1101 Keo Seima -​ កែវសីម៉ា
*1102 Kaoh Neak -​ កោះញែក
*1103 O Reang -​ អូររាំង
*1104 Pech Chenda -​ ពេជ្រាដា
*1105 Senmonorom -​ សែនមនោរម្យ

## Demografics

Aichty percent o Mondulkiri's population is made up o ten tribal minorities, wi the majority o them being Pnong. The remainin 20 percent are Khmer, Cheenese, an Muslims Cham.

## Economy an transportation
The population lives aff the land, plantin rice, fruit trees, an a variety o vegetables. Ithers grow strawberries, coffee, rubber, an cashew nuts.

Road development continues tae impact seriously on indigenous commonties like the Pnong ethnic group. Accordin tae a Unitit Naitions paper, the construction o a road frae Mondulkiri tae Ratanakiri haes resultit in massive land grabbin.

## Cultur
Although mair an mair hooses are built in 'Khmer style', traditional Phnong hooses can still be foond. Pnong hooses contain lairge jars (which are said tae be mair nor a thoosan year auld) an traditional gongs. Thare are various gongs uised at different occasions. Jars an gongs are amang the maist valuable possessions o indigenous commonties baith in traditional an spiritual as well as material terms. Durin the times o Pol Pot those objects wur buriet in hidden places in the jungle an in mony cases they still wait in the grund.

## Location

## References
Arbil

**Erbil** (**** in Roman-alphabet Kurdish) (written **Arbil**, or **Irbil** an aw) (Akkadian: *Arba-ilu*;  *Arbīl*; Kurdish:  *Hewlêr*; Sumerian: *Urbilum*; Syriac-Aramaic:  *Arbaelo*) is, wi a population o approximately 1.3 million (2009), the fowert lairgest ceety in Iraq efter Baghdad, Basra  an Mosul. It is locatit 80 kilometres (50 mile) east o Mosul, an is the caipital o Iraqi Kurdistan.

Urban life at Erbil can be datit back tae at least 6000 BC, an it is ane o the auldest continuously inhabitit ceeties in the warld. At the hert o the ceety is the auncient Citadel o Arbil. The Hurrians wur the first tae establish *Urbilum* an expand their rule tae the rest o northren Mesopotamie. The ceety haes syne been unner the rule o mony regional pouers, includin the Assiries, the Babylonies, Kurds unner the rules o Persies, the Greeks, the Arabs, an the Seljuk an Ottoman Turks. Erbil's airchaeological museum hooses a lairge collection o pre-Islamic airtifacts, an is a center for airchaeological projects in the aurie.

## References

## Freemit airtins
*i Erbil  – Portal for internaitional visitors
*Livius.org: Arbela
*Hospitality in Hawler  Directory o hotels in Arbil wi contact information, photos an reviews.
Kotayk

**Kotayk** mey refer tae:
*Kotayk Province, Armenie
*Kotayk, Kotayk, a toun in Kotayk Province
*Kotayk Brewery, a brewin company
Antarashat

**Antarashat** (, Romanizit as **Antarrashat**; umwhile, **Tort’in**, **Tort’n**, **Tortni**, **Dort’ni**, an **Torini**) is a veelage an rural commonty (municipality) in the Syunik Province o Armenie. The Naitional Statistical Service o the Republic o Armenie (ARMSTAT) reportit its population as 120 in 2010, doun frae 131 at the 2001 census.

## References