Chelyabinsk

**Chelyabinsk** () is a ceety an the admeenistrative centre o Chelyabinsk Oblast, Roushie, locatit in the northwast o the oblast,  sooth o Yekaterinburg, juist tae the east o the Ural Muntains, on the Miass River, on the mairch o Europe an Asie.

 Population: 

## History
The fortress o Chelyaba, frae which the ceety taks its name, wis constructit on the steid in 1736; toun status wis grantit tae it in 1781. Aroond 1900, it servit as a centre for the construction o the Trans-Siberie Railwey. Accordin tae offeecial statistics the population on 1 Januar 1913 wis 45,000 indwallers.

For several months durin the Roushie Ceevil War, Chelyabinsk wis held bi the White muivement an Czechoslovak Legions, becomin a centre for splinters o the Romanie Volunteer Corps in Roushie. The ceety later fell tae Bolshevik Roushie forces.

In the decades efter the Finnish Ceevil War in 1918, some 15,000 "Red" Finns defectit intae the Soviet Union. Aboot 2000 o them wur transferred tae Chelyabinsk via railwey. In 1938, durin the Great Purge, aroond 1000 o thaim wur executit, lairgest single action bein shuitin o 252 Finns in 10 an 13 Mairch in Chelyabinsk. Thair mass grave is locatit near the Zolonyi Gora's umwhile gowd mine, an the day bears a sma memorial.

Durin the Soviet industrialisation o the 1930s, Chelyabinsk experiencit rapid growthe. Several industrial establishments, includin the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant an the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Plant, wur biggit at this time. Durin Warld War II, Joseph Stalin decidit tae muive a lairge pairt o Soviet factory production tae places oot o the wey o the advancin German airmies in late 1941. This brocht new industries an thoosans o wirkers tae Chelyabinsk—still essentially a sma ceety. Several enormous facilities for the production o T-34 tanks an Katyusha rocket launchers existit in Chelyabinsk, which became kent as "**Tankograd**" (Tank Ceety). Chelyabinsk wis essentially biggit frae scratch durin this time. A sma toun existit afore this, signs o which can be foond in the centre o the ceety. The S.M. Kirov Factory no. 185 muivit here frae Leningrad tae produce hivy tanks — it wis transferred tae Omsk efter 1962.

Chelyabinsk haes haed a lang association (syne the 1940s) wi tap-secret nuclear research, tho this is mair properly applicable tae Chelyabinsk *Oblast* as a whole, as nuclear facilities sic as Chelyabinsk-70 (Snezhinsk) are, or wur, locatit far ootside the ceety. A serious nuclear accident occurred in 1957 at the Mayak nuclear fuel reprocessin plant, 150&nbsp;km north-wast o the ceety, which caused daiths in Chelyabinsk Oblast but no in the ceety. The province wis closed tae aw foreigners till 1992 ither than a Breetish medical team follaein a twa train rail explosion in the mid 1980s.

### 2013 meteor event

Shortly efter dawn on 15 Februar 2013, a 10-ton meteor descendit at aboot 40,000&nbsp;mph (ower 55,000&nbsp;km/h) ower the Ural Muntains, explodin at an altitude 15–20 mile in a momentar flash as bricht as the sun an generatin a shockwave that injured mair nor 1200 fowk. Fragments fell in an aroond Chelyabinsk. Interior Meenistry spokesman Vadim Kolesnikov said 1100 fowk haed cried for medical assistance follaein the incident, maistly for treatment o injuries frae gless breuken bi the explosions. Kolsenikov said aboot 600 square metres (6,000 square feet) o a ruif at a zinc factory haed collapsed an aw. A spokeswumman for the Emergency Meenistry tauld the Associated Press that thare wis a meteor shouer, but anither meenistry spokeswumman wis quotit bi the Interfax news agency as sayin it wis a single meteorite.

## Admeenistrative an municipal status
Chelyabinsk is the admeenistrative centre o the oblast. Athin the framewirk o admeenistrative diveesions, it is incorporatit as the **[[Ceety o federal subject significance|Ceety]] o Chelyabinsk**—an admeenistrative unit wi the status equal tae that o the destricts. As a municipal diveesion, the Ceety o Chelyabinsk is incorporatit as **Chelyabinsky Urban Okrug**.

## Climate

## Education
Thare are ower a dozen varsities in Chelyabinsk. The main anes are South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk State University an Chelyabinsk Medical Academy.

## Economy
Chelyabinsk is ane o the major industrial centres o Roushie. Hivy industrie predominates, especially metallurgy an militar machinery, notably the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Combinate (CMK, ChMK), Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant (CTZ, ChTZ), Chelyabinsk Electrode plant (CHEZ), Chelyabinsk Tube Rolling Plant (ChTPZ) an Chelyabinsk Forge-and-Press Plant (ChKPZ).

### Transportation

#### Chelyabinsk Metro
Chelyabinsk stairtit construction o a three-line subwey netwirk in the early 1980s. It is proceedin slowly uisin the New Austrian Tunneling method. Pendin financin, the openin o the first section is scheduled for 2017.

#### Airport
The ceety is servit bi the Chelyabinsk Airport.

## Pollution
The ceety haes been reportit as bein ane o the maist pollutit places on Yird, haein previously been a centre o production o wappens-grade plutonium.

## Notable fowk

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns an sister ceeties
Chelyabinsk is twinned wi:
* Changchun, Cheenae
* Columbia, Sooth Carolina, Unitit States
* Antalya, Turkey
* Ürümqi, Cheenae

## References
### Notes

### Sources
*
*Lennart Samuelson, *Tankograd. The Formation of a Soviet Company Town: Cheliabinsk, 1900s–1950s* (Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 2011).

## Freemit airtins
*Wabsteid aboot Chelyabinsk
*Chelyabinsk ceety portal 
*Chelyabinsk News Agency 
*