open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Scots Gaelic

The **Scots Gaelic** leid () is a Goidelic, Celtic leid an ane o the hamelt leids o Scotland.

It is a Q-Celtic leid that's spak in Scotland (in muckler proportions in the northren pairt o Scotland (the Hielands an Islands), an abreed in Canadae (Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia). It is sib tae the Erse an the Manx Gaelic leid, an tae the Welsh, Cornish an Breton forby.

It wis spak in maist o the Lawlands an aw, as can be seen bi literature an place names:

* Buchan – Buik o Deer, auldest beuk in the Scots Gaelic 
* Caithness – *The Caithness book*
* Gallowa & Ayrshire – Robert the Bruce an Walter Kennedy baith spak Scots Gaelic.
* Glesca – "Auchenshuggle", "Govan", "Drumchapel" etc. aw cam fae Scots Gaelic an aw. Glesca still haes a michty community the day o Gaels that speaks the Gaelic, an is hame tae the first Gaelic medium Secondary School.

## History
Thare wis a kinrick in Ulster haurd forenenst the coast richt alang bi the Giant's Causey cried Dalriada wi a wheen o warriors cried the Scots.

The Scots invaded an settlet in Argyll an brocht thair leid wi them. The Gaelic leid replaced the Pechtish leid athort Scotland wi the help o the Gaelic speakin kirk an the unification o Scotland. (See History o Scotland forby). In the 1700s, Gaelic wis the main written an spaken leid o the Hielands but wis confined tae that pairt o Scotland as the feck leid. 

The first translate o the Bible intae Scots Gaelic wisna makkit til 1767 whan Dr James Stuart o Killin an Dugald Buchanan o Rannoch shapit a translate o the New Testament. Gey few European leids hae makkit the transition tae a modren leeterar leid athoot an early modren translate o the Bible. Gaelic no haein sic a translate til the late aichteent century nae doubt contreibutit tae the decline o Scots Gaelic.

## Scots Gaelic the day

The day, it is spoken anerly bi aboot 60,000 fowk in Scotland an aiblins 1,000–2,000 in Nova Scotia, Canadae. Anerly the Wastren Isles o Scotland hae mair fowk that can speak the leid nor no (61% o the fowk speak Gaelic). The place in Scotland wi the muckle maist percentage o Scots Gaelic speakers is a clachan cried Barvas on the Isle o Lewis. Here, 74.7% o the fowk speak the langage. Mony fowk are stairtin tae lear the leid.
 
## Relation til ither leids
Scots Gaelic is gey close tae Erse an Manx, the ither Goidelic leids an thur written forms are whiles e'en mutually inteligible tae ilka ither.

The Pechts wis in whit is nou Scotland lang afore the Scots or Scotland, an acause o this Scots Gaelic haes some o thair tongue in it. Wirds the likes o "Ben" (Heid/Peak) an "Aber" (Gub o a muckle river) gies us a keek at whit the aulder leid o Scotland. Ben an Aber is niver foond in the Erse but are in the Welsh, Cornish an Breton forby.

Syne the 16t-centurie, thar increasin uiss o Scots an Scots hank on Gaelic; acause o the Statutes o Iona (1609) an the Scuilin Act (1616), mony Hieland Gaels wis gart tae gang tae the Lallans an learn *Inglis* (then the term fae Lallans Scots).

## See forbye

* Bòrd na Gàidhlig
* Leids o Scotland
** Scots leid
** Scots Inglis
* Erse leid
* Manx leid
* Welsh leid
## References
Wikipaedia

**Wikipaedia** is a wab-foondit, free *beuk o wittins* (or encyclopaedia) that onybody can edit gin thay like.

Wikipaedia is awnt bi the Wikimedia Foondation an wis stairtit on 15t Januar 2001, bi Jimmy Wales an Larry Sanger.
Kirk

A **Kirk** is a curn o Christian fowk wi a common wey o wirshippin God. It is aft uised as the name o the biggin (see chaipel) that is uised for prayer an services an aa. Monie kirks haes howfs forby (lik the ane in the pictur on the richt).

The national kirk o Scotland is aft callit "the Kirk" as a cutty name.


File:Argyll and Bute - Church Of Scotland Manse, Arrochar - 20170722194931.jpg|Kirk o' Scotland, Arrochar
File:Highland church and churchyard.jpg
File:Aberdeen St Nicholas West Kirk 6505671.jpg


## References
The Kirk

** The Kirk o Scotland** is the naitional kirk in Scotland. It is Presbyterian, an asinder frae the Anglican Kirk o Ingland. It is a stablisht kirk, as it is the offeecial kirk in Scotland, but it is a free kirk forby — that is, it isna a state kirk (unlike the Kirk o Ingland i Ingland), an disna hae tae repone til the Scots or UK govrenments.

## Govrenment
The kirk is govrened bi its General Assembly, convened ance a year in Edinburgh. That assembly wales a Moderator that presides ower the meetins o the assembly an acts as the Kirk's "public face" for the ae year. The monarch o the Unitit Kinrick is a member, but no the heid o the Kirk o Scotland — the heid o the Kirk o Scotland is conseedered tae be Jesus Christ.

## See an aw
* Protestant Religion and Presbyterian Church Act 1707
* Sermon on the Mound, a controversial address gien bi former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher to the General Assembly o the Kirk.
Flouer o Scotland

***(The) Flouer o Scotland*** (; ) is the unoffeecial naitional sang o Scotland. It wis written bi Roy Williamson o the fowk baund The Corries in the 1960s.  

Scotland disna hae an offeecial naitional sang o its ain (offeecially the sang o the Unitit Kinrick, God Save the Queen, is uisit); houaniver, the sang is aftentimes uised at sportin events an the like. It competes wi Scotland the Brave for this poseetion.

## Versions

Roy Williamson componed the sang in Inglis (wi a wheen Scots wirds) an Iain Aonghas MacLeòid pit the sang ower intil Gaelic. Thae twa sets o lyrics is reproduced ablo, alang wi a Scots version.

### Scots

:**The Flouer o Scotland**

:O Flouer o Scotland,
:Whan will we see
:Yer like again,
:That focht an dee'd for,
:Yer wee bit Hill an Glen,
:An stuid agin him,
:Prood Edwart's Airmie,
:An sent him hamewart,
:Tae think again.

:The Hills is bare nou,
:An Autumn leafs
:Lies thick an still,
:Ower land that is tint nou,
:That thay sae dearlie held,
:That stuid agin him,
:Prood Edwart's Airmie,
:An sent him hamewart,
:Tae think again.

:Thir days is past nou,
:An in the past
:Thay maun bide,
:But we can aye rise nou,
:An be the nation again,
:That stuid agin him,
:Prood Edwart's Airmie,
:An sent him hamewart,
:Tae think again.

### Inglis (wi Scots influence)

:**The Flower of Scotland**

:O Flower of Scotland,
:When will we see
:Your like again,
:That fought and died for,
:Your wee bit Hill and Glen,
:And stood against him,
:Proud Edward's Army,
:And sent him homeward,
:Tae think again.

:The Hills are bare now,
:And Autumn leaves
:Lie thick and still,
:O'er land that is lost now,
:Which those so dearly held,
:That stood against him,
:Proud Edward's Army,
:And sent him homeward,
:Tae think again.

:Those days are past now,
:And in the past
:They must remain,
:But we can still rise now,
:And be the nation again,
:That stood against him,
:Proud Edward's Army,
:And sent him homeward,
:Tae think again.

### Gaelic

:**Flùr na h-Alba**

:O Fhlùir na h-Alba,
:cuin a chì sinn
:an seòrsa laoich
:a sheas gu bàs 'son
:am bileag feòir is fraoich,
:a sheas an aghaidh
:feachd uailleil Ìomhair
:'s a ruaig e dhachaidh
:air chaochladh smaoin?

:Na cnuic tha lomnochd
:'s tha duilleach Foghair
:mar bhrat air làr,
:am fearann caillte
:dan tug na seòid ud gràdh,
:a sheas an aghaidh
:feachd uailleil Ìomhair
:'s a ruaig e dhachaigh
:air chaochladh smaoin.

:Tha 'n eachdraidh dùinte
:ach air dìochuimhne
:chan fheum i bhith,
:is faodaidh sinn èirigh
:gu bhith nar Rìoghachd a-rìs
:a sheas an aghaidh
:feachd uailleil Ìomhair
:'s a ruaig e dhachaidh
:air chaochladh smaoin.
Auld Inglis

The **Auld Inglis** leid is a wast Germanic leid that wis spak in Breetain atween aboot 425 an 1125. Hit is an early furm o Inglis an Scots, an is sib wi Auld Frisie an Auld Saxon. Wast Saxon wis the heidmaist mak o Auld Inglis in the auncient corpus, includin the epic poem *[[Beowulf]]*, as the Wast Saxons wis the strangest kinrick o thon time, whiles the Northumbrian dialect o Auld Inglis eventually becam the Scots leid.

Auld Inglis hud a grammatic seestem nae affa faur awa fae Laitin. In maist wuys, hit wis mair alike ti modren German ur Icelandic than tae modren Inglis. Hit wis guy inflectit, wi fyve grammatic cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, an eenstrumental), three grammatic nummers (single, plural, an dual) an three grammatic genders (masculine, feminine, an neuter) an aw. The dual wis uised fir the first an seicont persons anly, an referrit ti groups o twa.

O aw the descendants o Auld Inglis, Scots an Northumbrian Inglis are the maist true tae the oreeginal furm.

Auld Inglis didna staun still, bit raitherly its usage streeched oor a period o 700 year, fi the Wast Germanic migration ti Great Britain in the 5t century, richt up ti the hyne o the 11t century. The name o 'Auld Inglis' wis cairried on ti the time o the Norman invasion, whan the eenfluence o the French leid chynged its grammar sae it wis mair lik ti modren Inglis. Meanwhiles the Northernmaist toons whaur Auld Inglis wis spak wis ower the modren mairch o England intae Soothren Scotland aroond Midlothian. It wis fae this steid that, ower tyme, the leid split apairt frae its Soothren neebour an stairtit forming feetures o the ilk o Scots.

## See forby
Monanday

The **Monanday** is the day o the week atween Sunday an Tysday. Its name comes fae Mona, the Saxon god o the muin.

Monanday is whiles thocht on as the first day o the week. This is hou it is in the maist o Europe an Sooth Americae. In Asie, monie leids refers tae Monanday as "day ane". For example, Monanday is "xingqi yi" in Chinese, literallie meanin day ane o the week. The warldwide staundart ISO 8601 defines Monanday as the first day o the week an aw.

In ither pairts o the warld, Monanday is the seicont day. This is the tradeetional view in the Unitit States. The name for the day in Arabic, Armenian, Georgian, Greek, Hebrew an Portuguese is "seicont day". Quakers tradeetionally cries Monanday the "Second Day" an aw, eschewin the "heathen" oreegin o the Scots name "Monanday".

Modren culture for ordinar leuks at Monanday as the beginnin o the warkweek, as it is for ordinar Monanday whan adults gaes back tae thair wark an bairns gaes back tae the schuil efter the weekend. This, for aa that, is wi exception; in Middle Eastren kintras the stairt o the warkweek is for ordinar Setturday (Fuirsday an Friday is leukit on as the weekend).

Monandays is attributed tae the colloquial "illness" Monandayitis. (Forby kent as haein a case o "The Monandays") an aw. A possible raison for Monandayitis is that human circadian rhythms isna compatible wi the ordinar 35 tae 40-oor warkin week.

In the popular rime, "Monanday's bairn is fair o face".
Tysday

The **Tysday** is the day o the week atween Monanday an Wadensday. Hit gits its name in Inglis, Scots, an the Scandinavian leids fae the Nordic god Tyr (in Auld Inglis, Tiw, Tew o Tiu).

The name for the day in Arabic, Armenian, Georgian, Greek, Ebreu an Portuguese is "thrid day". Quakers tradeitionallie caas Tysday the "Thrid Day" an aw, eschewin the "heathen" oreigin o the Scots name "Tysday".

Shrove Tysday (forby kent as Mardi Gras - fat Tysday) foregangs the first day o Lent in the Wastren Christian calendar.

Tysday is the uisual day for elections in the Unitit States. Federal elections taks place on the Tysday efter the first Monanday in November; this date wis estaiblisht by a law o 1845 for presidential elections (speceeficallie for the walin o the Electoral College), an wis rexed tae elections for the Hoose o Representatives in 1875 an for the Senate in 1914. Tysday wis the earliest day o the week at wis practical for powin in the early 19t century: ceetizens micht hae tae traivel for a hail day for tae cast their vote, an wadna want tae leave on Sunday (the day o wirship for the feck o them). Monie American states hauds their presidential primarie elections on "Super Tuesday".

Black Tysday, in the Unitit States, is the name gien tae 29 October 1929, the stairt o the muckle stock mercat panic o 1929. This wis the Tysday efter Black Thursday, at wis the stairt o the verra Muckle Depression.

In the Greek warld, Tysday (the day o the week o the Faa o Constantinople in 1453) is thocht on as a unlucky day. The same is true in the Spanish-speakin warld, whaur a sawe rins *En martes, ni te cases ni te embarques* (On Tysday, dinna get wad nor begin a journey).
Wadensday

The **Wadensday** is the day o the week atween Tysday an Fuirsday. Its name comes fae the Auld Inglis *Ƿódnesdæȝ*, meanin the day o Woden. The astrological sign o the warld Mercury represents Wadensday, an wis Dies Mercurii tae the Romans. In Scots, this becam Woden's Day acause the Roman god Mercury wis identified wi the Germanic god Woden in northren Europe.

Whan Sunday is taen as the first day o the week, the day in the middle o the eftergangin week is Wadensday. In the German, the name for Wadensday haes been Mittwoch (literally: "mid-week") sin the 10t century, cause it displaced the oreiginal name: Wodanstag.

Wadensday is in the middle o the common warkin week fae Monanday tae Fryday forby. Hooivver, see Fuirsday an ISO 8601.

In the popular rime, "Wadensday's bairn is fou wi wae".

In the Spaingie, *miércoles* is uised tae mean Wadensday, bit forby a hauf-rude euphemism for niver iver. 

A Inglis leid eediom for Wadensday is "hump day", a reference tae makkin it throu the middle o the warkweek as gettin "ower the hump".

The name for the day in Arabic, Armenian, Georgian, Greek, Ebreu an Portuguese is "fowert day". Quakers tradeitionally caas Wadensday the "Fowert Day" an aw, eschewin the "heathen" oreegin o the name "Wadensday".

## Popular cultur
The film *[[Angel Hert]]* includes a scene whaur Harry Angel refers tae Wadensday as "Oniething can happen day" in reference tae the original *[[Mickey Moose Club]]* televeision programme.
Scots Socialist Pairty

The **Scots Socialist Pairty** (**SSP**) () is a left-wing poleetical pairty in Scotland. It staunds for socialist economics an Scots unthirldom. It haed sax MSPs electit tae the Scots Pairlament in 2003 but didna get onybody electit in the 2007 election. 

## History

The SSP wis estaiblisht in 1998. It growed fae the foregaun **Scottish Socialist Alliance**, a union o the umwhile Scots Meelitant Labour an ither groups o the faur-left, sic as the Communist Pairty o Scotland an the Scots Republican Socialist Pairty. In 1999, it haes juist the ae MSP in the Scots Pairliament. In 2003 it haed sax MSPs waled, but in 2007 it didna get onybody waled intae Halyruid.

## Poleetical Wark
The pairty haes duin wark in mony campaigns throu the Scots Pairlament, sic as tae git rid o rowps for them that canna pey thair dets; proponin tae git rid o chairges for lines frae the doctor an ettlin tae gie aw schuilweans guid fare for thair denner athoot haein tae pey for it.

The SSP haes duin muckle wark ootby the pairlament an aw. Wirkin wi ithers, its campaignt agin the wappens at Faslane; its campaignt agin PFI pactions for schuils an infirmaries, an gien a haund tae the warkers that keeps wee weans, warkers that pits oot fires, an warkers for the cooncil whan they ettle tae fend for thair pey an condeetions

The pairty wrate the Declaration o Calton Hill and haes been threapin agin the War in Iraq

## Pletforms
A wheen o thir groups haes hauden thair identities athin the pairty, comin thegither as pletforms; sae the Socialist Warkers Pairtie haes become the Socialist Warkers pletform, an the Scots Republican Socialist Pairty, the Scots Republican Socialist Muvement. Ither pletforms athin the SSP includes the Republican Communist Netwark, the Warkers' Unitie pletform. It uisst tae hae anither pletform cried the *International Socialist Movement* that wis pairt o the Comatee for a Warkers Internaitional but that's no thegither ony mair. Some o the members bade wi the Comatee for a Warkers Internaitional while ithers frae the Internaitional Socialists haes gane thegither wi ither members o the SSP that wisna in ony pletform for tae mak the new Unitit Left group.

The Socialist Warkers Pairty an the Comatee for a Warkers Internaitional haes nou left the SSP thegether wi Tommy Sheridan tae set up anither pairty.

## Representatives
Colin Fox MSP is the pairty's convener an wis waled for the Lothians in 2003, the ither MSPs for 2003-2007 wis Carolyn Leckie, Rosie Kane an Frances Curran Twa ithers uisst tae be MSPs for the SSP, but left the SSP for tae set up thair ain pairty.

## Ither Information
* The pairty haes its ain paper - the Scottish Socialist Voice
* The young team o the pairty gangs thegither in their ain youth wing - Scottish Socialist Youth

## References

## Fremmit airtins
* SSP offeecial wabsteid
* ''Scottish Socialist Voice'' (Pairty wittins blad)
Scots unthirldom

**Scots unthirldom** is the poleetical muivement that thinks Scotland shoud be wanthirlt.

Nouadays it means at Scotland wad poleetical sinder itsel frae the Unitit Kinrick, an become an unthirlt kintra wi ane govrenment an a sovereign pairlament. The main uphauders o this idea is the Scots National Pairty, altho the'r ither muivements in Scotland that uphaud unthirldom, sic as the Scots Socialist Pairty, Scots Green Pairty, an ither smawer groups. A lairge pairt o this muivement, maistlins athin the SNP, wants tae see a Scotland closer tae the European Union, in siller-union wi ither EU kintras, in the Euro currency.

Oan 15 October 2012, the Unitit Kinrick an Scots govrenments cam tae a greement oan the legal base o the referendum whit is cried the Edinburgh Greement.

The SNP govrenment, wha first came tae pour in 2007 as minority govrenment, haed a referendum oan unthirldom in hairst 2014.

The Aye campaign wis cawed "Aye Scotland" an the Naw campaign wis cawed "Better Thegither".

## History
*Wars o Scots Unthirldom

## References


## Fremmit airtins
* Scottish Independence (wab steid) 
* Aye Scotland (wab steid)  
* Better Thegither (wab steid)
Fife

**Fife** () is aen o the 32 cooncil areas o Scotland. It liys atween the Firth o Tay an the Firth o Forth. It's a tradietional coontie o Scotland, an a lieutenancie area tui.

Fife wis aen o the Pectish kinriks an is ey kent as the *Kinrik o Fife*. Fife maistliyk taks its naem frae Fib or Fif, a 7t centurie Pectish king. He wis aen o the seivin sons o Cruithne, a warrior king at ruled ower a wiyd erria o auncient Scotland.

Frae 1975 til 1996 Fife wis sindert intil thrie destriks: Dunfaurlin, Kirkcaudie, an North-Eist Fife. Sin 1996 the wark o thae destrik cooncils haes been cairrit oot bi Fife Cooncil.

## Touns an vielages
Cupar tuik ower as coontie toun frae The Crail in the aerlie 13t centurie. Glenrothes haes been the heidtoun sin 1975. Fife's thrie mukkil touns is &ndash; Kirkcaudie, Dunfaurlin an Glenrothes. Gaun bi the 2006 estimate, Kirkcaudie is the maist biggest, wi aboot 48,108 fowk biydan thaerawa. The biggest sattilment bi erria is Glenrothes. 

The niest mukkil touns bi population is St Andras, Dawgety Bay, Rosyth, Methil an Coudenbeith.

The laev o Fife is maed up o smauer touns lik

* Inverkeithin,
* Kincairdin,
* Ainster,
* Lochgelly,
* Bruntisland,
* Leevin,
* Neeburgh,
* Tayport 
* Cupar 

an vielages lik Kinglassie, Kinghorn, Elie, Auchtertool, Crossgates an Bingry.

## Referenses
Januar

**Januar** (or **Jennewarie**) is tha first month o tha yeir in tha Gregorian calendar, an ane o sievin Gregorian months wi 31 days.

Januar is named eftir Janus, Roman god o durs an yetts.

Januar begins (astrologicalie) wi tha sun in tha syn o Capricorn an ends in tha syn o Aquarius. Frae an astrologie pynt o view, tha sun begins in tha starnhoard o Sagittarius an ends in tha starnhoard o Capricornus.

The oreiginal Roman calendar wis makkit o 10 month (304 days). The Romans first hid thocht aboot winter as bein a monthless tyd. Bit aboot 700 BC Romulus' eftirganger, King Numa Pompilius, eikit the months o Januar an Februar allouin the calendar ti be e'en wi a staundart moon towmond (354 days). A Roman fowkbeleif agin e'en nummers led til the eikin o ane day sicweys makin the yeir 355 days lang. Tho Mairch wis oreiginalie the first month, Januar usurp'd that poseition acause 'at wis whan consuls wis uisualie waled.

The first day o the month is kent as "Ne'er's Day".

Names for Januar o auld lang syn include its oreiginal Roman ane *Ianuarius*, the Saxon name *Wulf-monath* (meinin "wouf month") or *Winterfylleth* an Charlemagne's ain name for it: *Wintarmanoth* (meinin "winter / cald month"). In the auld Japanese calendar, the month is caa'd *Mutsuki* (睦月). The seicont day o the month is kent as *Hatsuyume* (初夢) an the 7t day as *Nanakusa* (七草). In Finnish, the month is caa'd *tammikuu*, meinin "month o the aik".

The first Monanday in Januar is kent as Handsel Monanday in Scotland an northren Ingland. In Ingland, the feildwark yeir began wi "Plou Sunday" on the Sunday cumin eftir Uphalyday.

The *cumin o age* day in Japan is the seicont Monanday o Januar, for thae becumin 20 yeir auld in the new calendar towmond. It is a landweid haliday. The day haes been aboot sin 1948, bit fell on Januar 15t til 1999, whan it wis muivit bi the Japanese govrenment in a mynt ti lift the economie bi makin mair holidays cum ane eftir the ither.

In the Haithen wheel o the yeir, Januar ends at or naur til *Imbolc* in the northren hemisphere an *Lughnasadh* in the soothren hemisphere.

## References
Cooncil areas o Scotland

A **cooncil area** in Scotland is an area made fur local govrenment. Thare is a o 32 cooncil areas in Scotland as a hale. Thay are aw govrened bi unitary authorities cawed "cooncils". The cooncil areas war creutit on 1 April 1996, unner the provisions o the Local Govrenment etc. (Scotland) Act 1994. The Act caws thaim *local authority areas* but maist fowk caw thaim *cooncil areas*.

The cooncil areas hiv the option tae be kent as a ** whan choosin tae hiv a Gaelic name. Hounaiver, juist Comhairle Nan Eilean Siar (Cooncil o the Wastern Isles) haes chysen this option, while the Heichland Cooncil (Comhairle na Gaidhealtachd) uises baith an Inglis an a Gaelic name.

## Leet o cooncil areas

## References
Leet o leets

## Fowk
List o weel kent Scots
List o Scots poets

## Steids
### Scotland
* Cooncil areas o Scotland
** by area
** by population

## Dates
* Days o the week
* Months o the year
* List o the years o the XIXt an XXt centuries
Handsel Monanday

**Handsel Monanday** is the first Monanday o the year, especially as uisst tae be celebrate in Scotland an northren Ingland.

"Handsel" means the wee tips an siller that it wis customary tae gie at the beginnin o the first wirkin week o a new year. In this wey it is a bittie kin tae Boxin Day.
Auld Alliance

The **Auld Alliance** is the name gien til a series o treaties atween Scotland an  Fraunce for mutual protection agin Ingland atween 1295 an 1560 (tho it shoud be merkit that Norawa wis involved in some o the earlier stents).  

The terms wisna the same in ilka treaty that wis gree'd on, but for ordinar thay held that gin ae kintra wis attackit bi Ingland, baith wad invade Ingland; an sic led tae the Battle o Flodden Field in 1513.

It coud be seen frae 1165 whan William the Lion addressit an ambassy tae Louis VII o France bat thinkin the first script o this alliance whilka hae been foond is the Treaty signit in Paris the 23 Octobre 1295 atween John Baliol's (awso ca'd "John o Scotland") representin fowks an Philippe le Bel. The 23 Februar 1296, the Scots Pairliament ratifeed th'Alliance treaty signit wi Fraunce.

In 1326, Robert Bruce anewit the Alliance wi the treaty o Corbeil. In the XIVt an XVt centuries, the treaty wis saint sax times.

Acause o this treaty, som French wirds intilt the Scots leid, an they were in baith airts cultural hank.

## References


*
Februar

**Februar** is the seicont month o the yeir in the Gregorian calendar. It is the cuttiest month an is the ae month wi 28 or 29 days. The month haes 29 days in lowp yeirs, whan the yeir can be divid bi 4 (apairt for yeirs that can be divid bi 100 an no bi 400). In ither yeirs the month haes 28 days.
Aprile

**Aprile** is the fowert month o the year in the Gregorian Calendar, the fifth in the early Julian ane o fower month wi 30 days.

April is commonly associated with the season of spring in parts of the Northern Hemisphere and autumn in parts of the Southern Hemisphere, where it is the seasonal equivalent to October in the Northern Hemisphere and vice versa.

The Romans gave this month the Latin name *[[Aprilis]]*[1] but the derivation of this name is uncertain. The traditional etymology is from the verb *aperire*, "to open", in allusion to its being the season when trees and flowers begin to "open", which
Mey

**Mey** is the fift month o the year in the Gregorian Calendar an ane o the sieven Gregorian months wi 31 days.
December

**December** is the twalt an hindermaist month o the yeir in the Gregorian Calendar an ane o the seiven Gregorian month wi 31 day in it.

* Christenmas
Scots Spellin Comatee

The **Scots Spellin Comatee** (1996&ndash;1998) attemptit tae estaiblish a mair staundart spellin system for the Scots. Thay wrocht the *[[Report an Recommends o the Scots Spellin Comatee]]* or RRSSC.

## Members
Comatee members wis:
(Nov 1996 - August 1998)|
*Alasdair Allan
*Andy Eagle
*John Law (Secretar)
*J. Derrick McClure (Convener)
*George Philp (till Apryle 1998)
*Iseabail Macleod (till October 1998)
*Liz Niven
*David Purves
*John Tait

## See forbye
* 
* 
* 

## References
Fuirsday

The **Fuirsday** is the day o the week atween Wadensday an Fryday. The name Fuirsday comes fae the Auld Inglis Þunresdæg, meanin the day o Þunor, forby kent in Inglis as Thor.

Bi some conventions (see ISO 8601), the Fuirsdays o a towmond determine the hantlin o the weeks: week 1 is the week at his in it the first Fuirsday o the towmond, an sae on. 

In the Inglis warld, some haes taen up an acronym for Fuirsday, akin tae Fryday's T.G.I.F., an says "So Happy It's Thursday", or S.H.I.T. 

I' the popular rime, "Fuirsday's bairn his faur tae gang". 

In the Unitit Kinrick, aa general elections sin 1935 haes been hauden on a Fuirsday an this haes becam tradeetion, thou it isnae a requirement o the law – at says an election micht be hauden on onie day *"except Saturdays, Sundays, Christmas Eve, Christmas Day, Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, bank holidays in any part of the United Kingdom and any day appointed for public thanksgiving and mourning"*. An expoundin sometimes gien for the chyce o Fuirsday as the pollin day is it wis, in maist touns, the tradeetional mercat day, thou it his been sayed at the chyce his practical advantages – wi the ootcome o the election bein kent by Fryday, the new or ongangin admeenistration then his the weekend tae redd itsel for the "government shop openin for business" on Monanday, the first day o the new week comin efter the election.

In *[[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy]]* by Douglas Adams, the chairacter Arthur Dent says "This must be Thursday. I could never get the hang of Thursdays". A twa-three meenits later the warld is destroyed. Thor, that the day is named efter, forby appears later in the *Hitchhiker's* series an in ither Adams beuks.

I' the Hindu releegion, Fuirsday is *guruvar* or the Guru's day.

The name for the day in Arabic, Armenian, Georgian, Greek, Ebreu an Portuguese is "fift day". Quakers tradeitionally caas Fuirsday the "Fift Day" an aw, eschewing the heathen oreegin o the name "Fuirsday".

## Named days
* **[[Skyre Fuirsday]]**, forby kent as the *Sheer Fuirsday* or *Holy Fuirsday*, is the Fuirsday afore Pace, tradeetionally a day o cleanin an giein oot Maundy siller i' the Unitit Kinrik.
* **[[Black Fuirsday]]** refers til 24 October 1929 whan stock prices i' the NYSE fell shairply, wi a record volume o nearly 13 million shares. Five days later, the mercat crashed on volume o ower 16 million shares - a level nae tae be gaun ayont for 39 year. In popular eemagery, the crash his come tae merk the beginnin o the Muckle Depression.

## References

## Fremmit airtins
* Whaur Fuirsday Got Its Name
Phoneme

In spoken leids, a **phoneme** is a basic, theoretical unit o soond that disteenguishes wirds (that is, bi chyngin a phoneme in ae 
wird,  the ootcome is anither wird that's meanin differs). The phoneme is a basic soond lith, that's lingueestic function is tae disteenguish 
the  morphemes o a wird.  Phonemes isna pheesical soonds, but abstractions. Phonemes is for ordinar seen as a faimlie o phones, 
that's seen as a single soond, an is pitten ower wi a common seembol. Phones that's phoneme instance variants, an represents the 
phonetic qualities o actual soond lithes, is kent as allophones. The basic soond unit comes oot throu phonemic analysis. Phonemic 
seembology is pitten atween slashes (**//**). A cuttit wey tae descrieve the notion o a phoneme is *the wee-est differ atween wirds, that's ootcome is an unalike meanin*. 

A phoneme micht weel represent a wheen categorically  phonetically seemilar or phonologically sib soonds. 
The sibness micht no be phonetically obvious, whit is itsel, ane o the kinches wi this conceptual scheme.
Diphthong

In phonetics, a **diphthong** (Greek *δίφθογγος*, 
"diphthongos", meanin *wi twa soonds*) is a the gaun-thegither o twa vouels, for ordinar wi a swith but sliddery muivement fae the tae 
vouel tae the tither, aft interpret bi listeners as a single vouel soond or phoneme.
Altho "pure" vouels, or *[[monophthong]]s*, is hauden tae hae the ae tairget tongue poseetion, diphthongs haes a muivin tongue.
Pure vouels is pitten ower in the Internaitional Phonetic ABC wi the ae seembol.
For example the &lt;i&gt; in *whit* [ʍɪt] or [ʍʌt]

Diphthongs is pitten ower wi twa seembols, for example the &lt;y&gt; in *wynd* [wəind].
Here the twa vouel seembols is mynt tae shaw the ewest beginnin
an endin tongue poseetions.

**See forby**

IPA chairt for Scots
Morpheme

In lingueestics, a **morpheme** is the wee-est pairt o a wird that cairies ocht that gies a semantic unnerstaundin. Morphemes is, for ordinar, a kenspeckle pittin thegither o phonemes (as the lowse furm *haund* or the bund form *s* in *haunds*) haein nae wee-er meaninfu members.

*Scots example:*
The wird *wanchancy* haes three morphemes, the (negatory) bund morpheme *wan*, the lowse morpheme *chance* an *y*. *Wan* is a prefix an *y* is a suffix. The baith is affixes.

## kynds o morphemes
* Lowse morphemes lik *toun* an *mill* can be soudert tae ither lexemes (as in *tounhoose* or *mill-lade*) or thay can staund alane - lowse. Allomorphs is variants o a morpheme, e.g. the plural merker &lt;s&gt; in Scots whiles comes oot as /z/ or /s/.
* Bund morphemes like *wan* juist kythes thegither wi ither morphemes tae shape a lexeme. Bund morphemes for ordinar tends tae be prefixes an suffixes.
* Inflectional morphemes modifee's a wird's tense, nummer, aspect an siclike. 
* Dereevational morphemes can be eikit tae a wird for tae shape anither wird: for example bi eikin *lins* tae *blind* gies *blindlins*.
Allophones

In phonetics, an **allophone** is ane amang mony seemilar phones that's ocht the same phoneme. A phone is a soond that's soond swaw haes a definite shape, altho a phoneme is a basic group o soonds that disteenguishes wirds (i.e. chynging ae phoneme in ae wird brings forrit anither wird); speakers o a parteecular leid perceives a phoneme as a single kenspeckle soond in that leid. Fae this, an allophone is a phone thocht on as a member o the ae phoneme. 

Ilka allophone is uised in a speceefic phonetic context. No aw phonemes haes signeeficantly differin allophones, but thare's aye a wee differ in soondin fae the ae bit speak tae the neist. An examplar is in Japanese that haes nae disteenction atween /l/ an /r/, an sae thir twa soonds gets guddelt by Japanese speakers acause thir soonds isna thocht on as sindry phonemes. Hooivver, in Scots thir twa soonds is thocht on as twa sindry anes, sae thay're baith thocht on as sindry phonemes. In some byleids o Inglis, "daurk" or velarised l is conseedert juist a kin o /l/, but in some ither leids, thir twa soonds differs.
Friday

**Friday** is the day o the week atween Fuirsday an Setturday. Its name comes fae the goddess Frige o Germanic mythologie.

In maist areas wi a five-day wirkin week, Friday is the hindmaist warkday afore the weekend an is tharefore seen as a cause for celebration or relief, leadin tae the sayin *TGIF*, an abbreviation for *Thank God It's Friday* or *Thank Goodness It's Friday*. (The phrase wis weel kent cause o a film in the 1970s.) The phrase is the inspiration for the restaurant, aptly named, *T.G.I. Friday's*.
In some offices, employees is allood tae weir less formal claes on Fridays, kent as Casual Friday or Dress-Doun Friday.

In Islam, Friday is the day o public wirship in mosques. In some Islamic kintras, the week stairts on Sunday an ends on Setturday, juist lik the Jewish an Christian week. In ithers, sic as Iran an Afghanistan, the week stairts on Setturday an ends on Friday.

The Jewish Sawbath stairts at sunset on Friday an runs til sunset on Setturday.

In Christianity, the Friday afore Easter is celebratit as Good Friday tae commemorate the crucifixion o Jesus. Some Christians will haud by eatin meat on Fridays, an will aften hae fish in its steid.

The name for the day in Arabic, Armenian, Georgian, Greek, Ebreu an Portuguese is "saxt day". Quakers tradeitionally caws Friday the "Saxt Day" an aw, eschewin the "heathen" oreegin o the name.

In some culturs, Friday is thocht o as unlucky, specially whan this is Friday the 13t, 13 bein an wanchancy nummer. This is parteecular the case in maritime circles; in ae (untrue) story a Ryal Navy ship HMS *Friday* wis laid doun on a Friday, lenched on a Friday an captained bi a Captain Friday an wis never heard o again.

Several historical disasters at happent on Fridays is kent as Black Friday.

## Popular cultur
* In the popular rhyme, "*Friday's bairn is lovin an giein*".
* In the beuk *[[Robinson Crusoe]]*, Friday is the name o a American Indian cannibal that wis haint bi the protagonist on a Friday an became his servand.
* Cadbury promotit a chocolate baur wi the slogan *Thank Crunchie it's Friday*.
* In a reference tae "TGI Friday", maverick Breetish telly host Chris Evans made the telly programme TFI Friday, its ineetials supposedly staundin for "Thank *Four* It's" (Four wis a reference tae Channel 4, the telly station) – onie ither meanin for the *F* wis a maiter for the viewer's ain imaginations.
* *Friday* is a beuk bi Robert A. Heinlein.
* *Friday* is a film wi rapper Ice Cube in it.

## Fremmit airtins
* Whaur Friday Gat Its Name 

## References
Seturday

**Setturday** is the day o the week atween Friday an Sunday. Its name is the anerly yin amang the names o days thit comes fae the Roman god Saturn, while the ither sax names is derived fae Saxon gods.

Bi tradeetion comin fae the auncient Jews, Setturday is the hindmaist day o the week. That convention remeens the universal standard in the United States, bit in modren Europe mony fowks nou think o Setturday as the saxt (forelast) day o the week, an Sunday the last. The modren European convention haes been makkit formal bi ISO 8601. On the ither haund, in mony Islamic kintras, Setturdays is the first day o the week, wi Fridays as holidays.

In auncient Jewish tradeetion Setturday is the saabath. Mony leids disnae hiv separate words for "Setturday" an "saabath". Eastren Orthodox kirks distinguish atween the saabath (Setturday) an the Lord's day (Sunday). Roman Catholics pits gey wee emphasis on that distinction at mony amang them follae – at least in colloquial leid – the Protestant practice o namin Sunday the saabath. Quakers tradeetionally caw Setturday the "Sevent Day" eschewing the "heathen" origin o the name.

In Scandinavie kintras, Setturday is caad *Lördag* or *Laurdag* etc., the name camin fae the auld wird *laugr*, meanin bath, sicweys *Lördag* equates tae bath-day.

The modren Maori name for it, Rahoroi, means "washing-day".

In popular rhyme, "*Setturday's bairn wirks hard for a livin*".

In mony kintras whaur Sundays are holidays, Setturday is pairt o the weekend, an is tradeetionally a day o restin. Mony parties are haud on Setturdays, acause it foregangs Sunday, anither day o rest. It is common for clubs, bars an restaurants til open later on Setturday nicht nor on ither nichts.

Setturday is the uisual day for elections in Australie an the ae day in New Zealand at elections can be held on.

## External link
* Whaur Setturday Got Its Name 

## References
Phone

: **''Phone** is a hamelt term for telephone*.

In [[phonetics]] an [[phonology]], a *'phone** is a speech soond conseedert as a pheesical event athoot regaird tae its place in the soond seestem [[semantics]] o a [[langage]]. A soond lith that haes kenspeckle acoustic properties. A pairteecular kythin o a speech soond lith. The basic soond unit shawn fae phonetic speech analysis. Phonetic seembology is hauden athin square (**[ ]*') brackets. Compear wi a [[phonemes|phoneme]], a set o phones that cairies the same meanin.

The wird oreeginates fae the [[Greek language|Greek]] *&#966;&#969;&#957;&#942;'' for soond/vyce.

## See forby
* allophone
Adam Smith

**Adam Smith** (bapteised 5 Juin 1723 – 17 Julie 1790) wis a Scots economist, philosopher an screiver o the *[[Wealth of Nations]]* an o the *[[Theory of Moral Sentiments]]*. Born in Kirkcaudy, he wis a muckle feegur o the Scots Enlichtment, an is kent as the "Faither o Economics" or the "Faither o Caipitalism" an aw.

## Legacy
Fowk says that Smith's argumentations maks him the faither o ''laissez-faire'', free mercat caipitalism; housomever, ithers argues this haes been ower-blawn, as Smith did uphaud leemitit govrenment regulations. 

Adam Smith's heid is on the Baunk o Ingland £20 note (the first Scotsman on an Inglis baunknote) an the Clydesdale Baunk £50 note.

## References

*
Tony Blair

The Richt Honourable **Sir Anthony Charles Lynton Blair** (born on the 6t o Mey 1953 in Edinburrie), for ordinar kent as **Tony Blair**, wis the Prime Meenister o the Unitit Kinrick frae 1997 tae 2007. He wis the first Prime Meenister frae the Labour Pairty tae hiv haed three consecutive terms in govrenment.

He demittit frae office as Prime Meenister on 27 Juin 2007 an haundit ower pouer tae the new leader o the Breetish Labour Pairty, Gordon Brown. On the same day, he demittit as a Member o Pairlament (for the Sedgefield consteetuency) an wis appyntit as a peace envoy tae the Middle Aest bi the Quartet o the Unitit States, Unitit Nations, European Union and Roushie.

## References
26 Mairch

The **26t o Mairch** is the 85t day o the year (86t in lowp years) in the Gregorian Calendar, wi 280 days ti come.

## Events

* 1511 - A yirdquauk in the Balkans kills an estimatit 6,000 fowk.
* 1707 - The Acts o Union 1707 become law, makkin Ingland an Scotland unitit.
* 1812 - Caracas, Venezuela is hit bi a yirdquauk, killin 12,000 fowk.
* 1830 - The Beuk o Mormon is published in Palmyra, New York.
* 1881 - Romanie declares itself a kinrick.
* 1971 - East Pakistan (Bangladesh) declares unthirldom frae Pakistan, stairtin a war o unthirldom.
* 1979 - Israel an Egyp agree a Peace Treaty.
* 2000 - Vladimir Putin is electit Preses o Roushie.
* 2000 - Greece jyns the Schengen Area.
* 2006 - Burma's militar govrenment moves the national capital frae Rangoon tae Naypyidaw.
* 2006 - Ban o Smokin in aw public places in Scotland.
* 2015 - King Richard III o Ingland is reburied at Leicester Cathedral.

## Births

* 1031 - Malcolm III o Scotland (d. 1093)
* 1874 - Robert Frost, American poet (d. 1963)
* 1875 - Syngman Rhee, Preses o Sooth Korea (d. 1965)
* 1911 - Tennessee Williams, American writer an playwricht (d. 1983)
* 1925 - Pierre Boulez, French componer an muisicker (d. 2016)
* 1930 - Sandra Day O'Connor, Unitit States Supreme Coort Juistice
* 1931 - Leonard Nimoy, American actor (d. 2015)
* 1934 - Alan Arkin, American actor
* 1935 - Mahmoud Abbas, Palestinian politeecian
* 1938 - Anthony James Leggett, Inglis-American pheesicist
* 1940 - James Caan, American actor
* 1940 - Nancy Pelosi, American politeecian
* 1941 - Richard Dawkins, Inglis evolutionary biologist
* 1944 - Diana Ross, American sangster
* 1948 - Steven Tyler, American sangster an muisicker
* 1951 - Carl Wieman, American pheesicist
* 1953 - Lincoln Chafee, American politeecian
* 1960 - Jennifer Grey, American actress
* 1961 - William Hague, Inglis politeecian
* 1973 - Larry Page, co-founder o Google
* 1982 - Mikel Arteta, Spainyie fitbawer
* 1985 - Keira Knightley, Inglis actress
* 1987 - Steven Fletcher, Scots fitbawer
* 1990 - Patrick Ekeng, Cameroonian fitbawer (d. 2016)

## Daiths
* 1797 - James Hutton, Scots geologist (b. 1726)
* 1827 - Ludwig van Beethoven, German componer (b. 1770)
* 1892 - Walt Whitman, American poet (b. 1819)
* 1902 - Cecil Rhodes, Breetish-born Sooth African businessman, minin magnate, an politeecian (b. 1853)
* 1923 - Sarah Bernhardt, French actress (b. 1844)
* 1945 - David Lloyd George, Prime Meenister o the Unitit Kinrick (b. 1863)
* 1959 - Raymond Chandler, Breetish-American novelist an screenwriter (b. 1888)
* 1973 - Noel Coward, Inglis componer an playwricht (b. 1899)
* 2005 - James Callaghan, Prime Meenister o the Unitit Kinrick (b. 1912)
* 2015 - Tomas Tranströmer, Swadish poet (b. 1931)

## Halidays
* Independence Day (Bangladesh)
* Prophet Zoroaster's Birthday (Zoroastrianism)
* Day o Democracy (Mali)
* Prince Kuhio Day (Hawaii)
5 Juin

The **5t o Juin** is the 156t day o the year (157t in lowp years) in the Gregorian Calendar, wi 209 days ti come.

## Events

* 1224 - The Varsity o Naples is foondit.
* 1257 - Krakow receive its ceety richts.
* 1849 - Denmark becomes a constitutional monarchy.
* 1915 - Denmark amends its constitution tae gie weemen the richt tae vote.
* 1941 - Warld War II: Japanese bombin o Chongqing, Cheenae.
* 1942 - Warld War II: The Unitit States declares war on Bulgarie, Romanie an Hungary.
* 1947 - George Marshall, US Secretar o State, presents the Marshall Plan for aid tae Europe.
* 1953 - Denmark amends its constitution tae allou weemen tae inherit the throne. The present queen, Margrethe II, becomes heir tae the throne.
* 1967 - The Sax-Day War in the Middle East stairts.
* 1968 - American politeecian Robert F. Kennedy is fatally shot in Californie an dies the next day.
* 1975 - The Unitit Kinrick haulds a referendum on membership o the European Economic Community. 67% support membership (58% in Scotland).
* 1976 - The Teton Dam in Idaho, Unitit States, collapses, killin 11 fowk an 13,000 cattle.
* 1984 - Prime meenister o Indie Indira Gandhi orders an attack on the Gowden Temple in Amritsar.
* 1998 - Ethiopie an Eritrea stairt a mairch war.
* 2000 - A magnitude 7.9 yirdquauk in Sumatra kills 100 fowk.
* 2006 - Serbie declares unthirldom frae the Union wi Montenegro.

## Births

* 1723 - Adam Smith, Scots economist (d. 1790)
* 1819 - John Couch Adams, Inglis mathemateecian an astronomer (d. 1892)
* 1868 - James Connolly, Scots-Erse republican an socialist leader (d. 1916)
* 1883 - John Maynard Keynes, Inglis economist (d. 1946)
* 1898 - Federico García Lorca, Spaingie poet, playwricht an director (d. 1936)
* 1900 - Dennis Gabor, Hungarian-Breetish pheesicst (d. 1979)
* 1942 - Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, Preses o Equatorial Guinea
* 1960 - Julie Kirkbride, Inglis politeecian
* 1971 - Mark Wahlberg, American actor, producer an sangster
* 1981 - Jade Goody, Inglis telly personality (d. 2009)
* 1998 - Yulia Lipnitskaya, Roushie figure skater

## Daiths
* 1910 - O. Henry, American writer (b. 1862)
* 1916 - Horatio Kitchener, Inglis general an politeecian (b. 1850)
* 2004 - Ronald Reagan, 40th Preses o the Unitit States (b. 1911)
* 2012 - Ray Bradbury, American writer (b. 1920)

## Halidays
* Warld Environment Day
* Constitution Day (Denmark)
* Liberation Day (Seychelles)
5 Februar

The **5t o Februar** is the 36t day o the year in the Gregorian Calendar, wi 329 days ti come (330 in lowp years).

## Events

* 62 - A strong yirdquauk hits Pompeii.
* 1811 - The future-King George IV o the Unitit Kinrick becomes Prince-Regent.
* 1885 - Leopold II o Belgium establishes the Congo as his private property.
* 1909 - Belgian chemist Leo Baekeland creates Bakelite.
* 1924 - The first Winter Olympic Gemmes in Chamonix, Fraunce, end.
* 1939 - Francisco Franco becomes leader o Spain.
* 1956 - The 1956 Winter Olympic Gemmes in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy, end.
* 1971 - Apollo 14 lands on the Muin, wi astronauts Alan Shepard, Edgar Mitchell an Stuart Roosa.
* 1974 - The "Mariner 10" space probe passes bi the planet Venus.
* 1985 - The Spain-Gibraltar border re-opens efter bein closed in 1969.
* 1994 - A mortar shell explodes in a mercatplace in Sarajevo, Bosnie an Herzegovinae, killin 60 fowk.
* 2000 - Roushie forces massacre at least 60 fowk in Grozny, Chechnie.
* 2008 - A major tornado outbreak in the Soothren Unitit States kills 57 fowk.
* 2020 - The Unitit States Senate acquits Preses Donald Trump on the impeachment chairges agin him.

## Births

* 1788 - Sir Robert Peel, Prime Meenister o the Unitit Kinrick (d. 1850)
* 1804 - Johan Ludvig Runeberg, Finnish poet (d. 1877)
* 1840 - John Boyd Dunlop, Scots inventor (d. 1921)
* 1866 - Arthur Keith, Scots anatomist an anthropologist (d. 1955)
* 1910 - Francisco Varallo, Argentine fitbawer (d. 2010)
* 1914 - William S. Burroughs, American writer (d. 1997)
* 1915 - Robert Hofstadter, American pheesicist (d. 1990)
* 1919 - Andreas Papandreou, Prime meenister o Greece (d. 1996)
* 1932 - Cesare Maldini, Italian fitbawer (d. 2016)
* 1946 - Charlotte Rampling, Inglis actress
* 1948 - Sven-Göran Eriksson, Swadish fitbawer an manager
* 1965 - Gheorghe Hagi, Romanian fitbawer
* 1969 - Michael Sheen, Welsh actor
* 1972 - Mary, Croun Princess o Denmark
* 1975 - Giovanni van Bronckhorst, Dutch fitbawer
* 1976 - Abhishek Bachchan, Indian actor, producer an sangster
* 1980 - Patrick Grady, Scots politeecian
* 1980 - Jo Swinson, Scots politeecian
* 1982 - Rodrigo Palacio, Argentine fitbawer
* 1984 - Carlos Tevez, Argentine fitbawer
* 1985 - Cristiano Ronaldo, Portuguese fitbawer
* 1986 - Vedran Corluka, Croatie fitbawer
* 1991 - Anna Sloan, Scots curler
* 1992 - Neymar, Brazilian fitbawer

## Daiths
* 1661 - Shunzhi Emperor o Cheenae (b. 1638)
* 1818 - Charles XIII o Swaden (b. 1748)
* 1881 − Thomas Carlyle, Scots writer an historian (b. 1795)
* 1946 − George Arliss, Inglis actor (b. 1868)
* 1999 - Wassily Leontief, Roushie-American economist (b. 1905)
* 2015 - Val Logsdon Fitch, American pheesicist (b. 1923)
* 2020 - Kirk Douglas, American actor (b. 1916)
* 2021 - Christopher Plummer, Canadian actor (b. 1929)

## Halidays

*Constitution Day (Mexico)
*Runeberg's Birthday (Finland)
*Unity Day (Burundi)
Ingland

**Ingland**&nbsp; is a kintra that is pairt o the Unitit Kinrick.

## Etymologie
The name "Ingland" cums fae the Auld Inglis name *Engla* (or *Angla*) *land*, whilka daes mein "laund o the Angles". The Angles a war ane o the Germanic tribes wha sattelt in Great Breetain in the Aerlie Middil Eilds. The Angles cam fae the "Angeln" hauf-iland in the Bay o Kiel aurie. Cordin til the *[[Oxford English Dictionary]]*, the farst kent uiss o "Ingland" referrin til the soothren pairt o the iland o Greit Britain wis in 897, an its modren Inglis spellin wis farst bruikit in 1538.

The etymologie o the tribal name itsel is argiet bi skolarts; it haes been jalousit that it cums fae the shape o the Angeln hauf-iland, an angular shape. Hou an why a term derivit fae the name o a tribe that wis less significant than ithers, sic as the Saxons, cam ti be bruikit for the hail kintra an its fowk is unkent, but it seems this is relatit til the custom o cawin the Germanic fowk in Britain Angli Saxones or Inglis Saxons.

An alternativ name for Ingland is Albion. The name Albion originalie referrit til the hail iland o Greit Britain. The aerliest record o the name kyths in the Aristotelitian Corpus, specificalie the 4t yeirhunder BC: "Ayont the Pillars o Hercules is the oshian that flowes aroond the Yird. In it ar twa gey mukkil ilands caw'd Britannia; thir ar Albion an Ierne". The wird Albion (Ἀλβίων) or *insula Albionum* haes twa possibil springheids. It ither cums fae the Laitin *albus* meinin "white", a referenss til the white cliffs o Dover, whilka is the farst sicht o Britain fae the European Continent. Anither springheid is suggestit bi the aunshient mertshand's haundbuik *Massaliote Periplus*, whilka mentions an "iland o the Albiones".

A lot o historic Ingland's enemies, as the French, the Scots an aw, refer sumtyms til Ingland as "Perfidious Albion", ("*La Perfide Albion*" in French). This is an anglofobic name whilka seems ti be naitionalist an maistlins racist, the-day. But etymologicalie, "perfidious" anerlie meins: "whilka or wha disnae kep its, his or hir hecht, promiss".

## References