open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Cape tod

The **Cape tod** (*Vulpes chama*), cried the **cama tod** or the **siller-backed tod** an aw, is a smaw tod hamelt in southern Africae. 
## References
Rüppell's tod

The **Rüppell's tod** (*Vulpes rueppellii*), spelled **Rueppell's tod** an aw, is a species o tod that bides in North Africae, the Middle East, an soothwastren Aisie. It is named efter the German naituralist Eduard Rüppell.

## References
Electronic cigarette

An **electronic cigarette** or **e-cigarette** is a haundheld electronic device that vaporises a flavoured liquid, which the uiser inhales. Uisin e-cigarettes is eften cried **vapin**. The fluid in the e-cigarette, cried e-liquid, is uisually made o nicotine, propylene glycol, glycerine, an flavourins.

## Notes

## References
Antônio Carlos Jobim

**Antônio Carlos Brasileiro de Almeida Jobim** (Januar 25, 1927December 8, 1994), alsae kent as **Tom Jobim** (), wis a Brazilian sangwriter, componer, arranger, sangster, an pianist/guitarist.
Snapchat

**Snapchat** is an image messagin an multimedia mobile application creatit bi Evan Spiegel, Bobby Murphy, an Reggie Brown when thay war students at Stanford Varsity. The company heidquarters are locatit in Venice, Californie.

## References
Penny Oleksiak

**Penelope** "**Penny**" **Oleksiak** (born Juin 13, 2000) is a Canadian competeetion soummer wha specialises in the freestyle an butterflee events.

## References
Gray tod

The **gray tod** (*Urocyon cinereoargenteus*), is a carnivorous mammal o the faimily Canidae rangin ootthrou maist o the soothren hauf o North Americae frae soothren Canadae tae the northren pairt o Sooth Americae (Venezuela an Colombie).

## References
Vardar

The **Vardar** or **Axios** (; ) is the langest an major river in the Republic o Macedonie an an aa a major river o Greece. It is  lang, an drains an aurie o aroond . The maximum depth o the river is .
Marathon

The **marathon** is a lang-distance runnin event wi an offeecial distance o 42.195 kilometres (26.219 mile, or 26 mile 385 yards), uisually run as a gate race.

## References
Ambergris

**Ambergris** (, *Ambre gris*, *ambergrease* or *grey amber*) is a solit, waxy, flammable substance o a dull grey or blackish colour produced in the digestive seestem o sperm whauls. The wird amber is derived frae the Arabic wird "anbar" (عنبر).

## References
Glesga Necropolis

The **Glesga Necropolis** () is a Victorian cemetery in Glesga, Scotland. It is on a laich but gey prominent hill tae the east o Glesga Cathedral (St. Mungo's Cathedral). Fifty thoosand individuals haes been buried here. Teepically for the period anly a smaw percentage is named on monuments an nae ilka grave haes a stane. Thareaboot 3500 monument exeest here.
Glesga Green

**Glesga Green** is a pairk in the east end o Glesga, Scotland on the north bank o the River Clyde. Established in the 15t century, it is the auldest pairk in the ceety. It wis where Scottish fitbaa club Rangers played their first ever gem against Callander in May 1872.
Cardonal

**Cardonal** mey refer tae:
*Cardonal, Hidalgo, a toun in Hidalgo, Mexico
*Cardonal, Glesga, a suburb o Glesga, Scotland
Aspect ratio (eemage)

The **aspect ratio** o an eemages describes the proportional relationship atween its width an its hicht.
Dearborn

**Dearborn** mey refer tae:

## Places in the Unitit States
### Michigan
* Dearborn, Michigan
* Dearborn Heights, Michigan

### Ither places
* Dearborn, Missouri
* Dearborn Coonty, Indiana

## Fowk
* Dearborn (surname)
** Henry Dearborn (1751–1829), U.S. Secretar o War unner Preses Thomas Jefferson, Senior Officer o the U.S. Airmy durin the War o 1812
River Kelvin

The **Kelvin** is a river in Glesga.  It rises on the muir sooth east o the veelage o Banton, east o Kilsyth, an flowes intae Glesga, throu Dawsholm Pairk, aneist the Botanic Gairdens, an throu Kelvingrove Pairk.

## References
Kilseyth

**Kilseyth** (Scots Gaelic *Cill Saidhe*) is a toun an ceevil parish in North Lanrikshire o 10,100 (2004 Estimates) roughly haufway atween Glesga an Stirlin in Scotland.
Frontignan

**Frontignan-la Peyrade** (; ) is a commune in the Hérault depairtment in soothren Fraunce.

## Internaitional relations
Frontignan is twinned wi:
*  Gaeta, Italy
*  Vizela, Portugal
*  Pineda de Mar, Spain
Dario Fo

**Dario Fo** (; born 24 Mairch 1926; died 13 October 2016) wis an Italian actor-playwricht, comedian, sangster, theatre director, stage designer, sangwriter, penter an poleetical campaigner o the Italian extremist left-weeng, recipient o the 1997 Nobel Prize in Leeteratur. He died on 13 October 2016, the same day that Bob Dylan wis annoonced as the winner o that year's Nobel Prize in Leeteratur.

## References

**Bibliografie**
*
John Galsworthy

**John Galsworthy**  (14 August 1867 – 31 Januar 1933) wis an Inglish novelist an playwricht. Notable wirks include *[[The Forsyte Saga]]* (1906–1921) an its sequels, *A Modern Comedy* an *End of the Chapter*. He wan the Nobel Prize in Leeteratur in 1932.
Herta Müller

**Herta Müller** (born 17 August 1953) is a Romanie-born German novelist, poet, essayist an recipient o the 2009 Nobel Prize in Leeteratur.

## References
V. S. Naipaul

**Sir Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul**, TC (born 17 August 1932; deed 11 August 2018), wis a Trinidadian Nobel Prize-winning Breetish writer kent for his comic early novelles set in Trinidad an Tobago, his bleaker later novelles o the wider warld, an his autobiografical chronicles o life an travels. He haes published mair nor 30 beuks, baith o feection an nonfeection, ower some 50 years.

## References
Gao Xingjian

**Gao Xingjian** (; ; born Januar 4, 1940) is a Cheenese émigré novelist, playwricht, an creetic wha in 2000 wis awairdit the Nobel Prize for Leeteratur “for an oeuvre o universal validity, bitter insichts an lingueestic ingenuity.”

## References
Mira Potkonen

**Mira Potkonen** (born 17 November 1980) is a Finnish lichtwicht boxer.

She wan a bronze medal in the 60 kg category at the 2016 AIBA Women's World Boxing Championships an bronze medal at the 2016 Simmer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro in the 60 kg diveesion.

## Personal
Potkonen lives wi her husband an twa childer in the toun o Nokia.

## References
Gustave Flaubert

**Gustave Flaubert** (; 12 December 1821 &ndash; 8 Mey 1880) wis an influential French novelist wha wis aiblins the leadin exponent o leeterary realism in his kintra.  He is kent especially for his first published novelle, *[[Madame Bovary]]* (1857), for his *Correspondence*, an for his scrupulous devotion tae his style an aesthetics. The celebratit short story writer Guy de Maupassant wis a protégé o Flaubert.
Seamus Heaney

**Seamus Justin Heaney**, MRIA (13 Aprile 1939&nbsp;– 30 August 2013) wis an Erse poet, playwright, translator an lecturer, an the recipient o the 1995 Nobel Prize in Leeteratur.

## References
Toni Morrison

**Toni Morrison** (born **Chloe Ardelia Wofford**; Februar 18, 1931 - August 5, 2019) wis an American novelist, eeditor, an Professor Emeritus at Princeton Varsity. Her novelles are kent for thair epic themes, vivid dialogue, an richly detailed chairacters. Amang her best kent novelles are *[[The Bluest Eye]]* (1970), *[[Sula (novelle)|Sula]]* (1973), *[[Song of Solomon (novelle)|Song of Solomon]]* (1977), an *[[Beloved (novelle)|Beloved]]* (1987).

## References
Elias Canetti

**Elias Canetti** (; 25 Julie 1905 – 14 August 1994) wis a German leid author, born in Bulgarie, an later a Breetish ceetizen. He wis a modrenist novelist, playwricht, memoirist an non-feection writer. He wan the Nobel Prize in Leeteratur in 1981, "for writins merked bi a broad ootleuk, a wealth o ideas an airteestic pouer".

## References
Doris Lessing

**Doris May Lessing** CH (née **Tayler**; 22 October 1919&nbsp;– 17 November 2013) wis a Breetish novelist, poet, playwricht, librettist, biografer an short story writer. Her novelles include *[[The Grass Is Singing|The Grass is Singing]]* (1950), the sequence o five novelles collectively cried *[[Children of Violence]]* (1952–69), *[[The Golden Notebook]]* (1962), *[[The Good Terrorist]]* (1985), an five novelles collectively kent as *[[Canopus in Argos]]: Archives* (1979–1983).
Derek Walcott

**Sir Derek Alton Walcott**, KCSL OBE OCC (born 23 Januar 1930; died 17 Mairch 2017) wis a Saunt Lucia poet an playwricht. He received the 1992 Nobel Prize in Leeteratur.

## References
Nelly Sachs

**Nelly Sachs** (10 December 1891 – 12 Mey 1970) wis a Jewish German poet an playwricht whase experiences resultin frae the rise o the Nazis in Warld War II Europe transformed her intae a poignant spokeswoman for the grief an yearnins of her fellae Jews.
Mikhail Sholokhov

**Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov** (;  – Februar 21, 1984) wis a Soviet/Roushie novelist an winner o the 1965 Nobel Prize in Leeteratur.
Giorgos Seferis

**Giorgos** or **George Seferis** (), the pen name o **Georgios Seferiades** (Γεώργιος Σεφεριάδης;  – September 20, 1971), wis a Greek poet-diplomat.

## References
Hermann Hesse

**Hermann Karl Hesse** (; 2 Julie 1877&nbsp;– 9 August 1962) wis a German-born Swiss poet, novelist, an penter.

## References
Thomas Mann

**Paul Thomas Mann** (; 6 Juin 1875 – 12 August 1955) wis a German novelist, short story writer, social creetic, filanthropist, essayist, an the 1929 Nobel Prize in Leeteratur laureate. His heichly seembolic an ironic epic novelles an novellas are noted for thair insicht intae the psychology o the airtist an the intellectual.

## References
W. B. Yeats

**William Butler Yeats** (; 13 Juin 186528 Januar 1939) wis an Erse poet an ane o the foremaist figurs o 20t-century leeteratur. A pillar o baith the Erse an Breetish leeterary establishments, in his later years he served as an Erse Senator for twa terms. Yeats wis a drivin force behind the Erse Literary Revival an, alang wi Lady Gregory, Edward Martyn, an ithers, foondit the Abbey Theatre, whaur he served as its chief during its early years. In 1923, he wis awairdit the Nobel Prize in Leeteratur as the first Erseman so honoured for whit the Nobel Committee describit as "inspired poetry, which in a heichly airteestic form gies expression tae the spirit o a whole naition". Yeats is conseedert tae be ane o the few writers wha completit thair greatest wirks efter bein awairdit the Nobel Prize; such wirks include *[[The Tower (beuk)|The Tower]]* (1928) an *[[The Winding Stair and Other Poems]]* (1933).

## References
Maurice Maeterlinck

**Maurice Polydore Marie Bernard Maeterlinck** (cried *Comte (Coont) Maeterlinck* from 1932 an aw;  in Belgium,  in Fraunce; 29 August 1862 – 6 Mey 1949) wis a Belgian playwricht, poet, an essayist wha wis a Fleming, but wrote in French.

## References
Rudolf Christoph Eucken

**Rudolf Christoph Eucken** (; 5 Januar 1846 – 15 September 1926) wis a German philosopher. He received the 1908 Nobel Prize for Leeteratur "in recogneetion o his earnest sairch for truth, his penetrating pouer o thocht, his wide range o veesion, an the wairmth an strenth in presentation wi which in his numerous wirks he haes vindicatit an developed an idealistic filosofie o life", efter he haed been nominatit bi a member o the Swadish Academy.

## References
Eduard Buchner

**Eduard Buchner** (20 Mey 1860 – 13 August 1917) wis a German chemist an zymologist, awairdit wi the 1907 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his wirk on fermentation.
Halldór Laxness

**Halldór Kiljan Laxness** (; born **Halldór Guðjónsson**; 23 Aprile 1902 – 8 Februar 1998) wis a twentiet-century Icelandic writer.
Paul Flory

**Paul John Flory** (Juin 19, 1910 – September 9, 1985) wis an American chemist an Nobel laureate wha wis kent for his wirk in the field o polymers, or macromolecules.

## References
Leipzig Varsity

**Leipzig Varsity** (), locatit in Leipzig in the Free State o Saxony, Germany, is ane o the auldest varsities in the warld an the seicont-auldest varsity (bi consecutive years o existence) in Germany.

## References
ETH Zurich

**ETH Zurich** (**Swiss Federal Institute o Technology in Zurich**) () is a science, technology, ingineerin, mathematics an management varsity in the ceety o Zürich, Swisserland.

## References
Karolinska Institutet

**Karolinska Institutet** (**KI**, unoffeecially kent as the **Karolinska Institute** an in aulder texts as the **Ryal Caroline Institute**) is a medical varsity in Solna within the Stockholm urban aurie, Swaden, an ane o the lairgest an maist prestigious medical varsities in the warld.

## References
Santiago Ramón y Cajal

**Santiago Ramón y Cajal**  (; 1 Mey 1852 – 17 October 1934) wis a Spaingie pathologist, histologist, neuroscientist, an Nobel laureate. His oreeginal pioneerin investigations o the microscopic structur o the harn hae led tae his bein designatit bi mony as the faither o modren neuroscience. His medical artistry wis legendary, an hunders o his drawins illustratin the delicate arborisations o harn cells are still in uise for eddicational an trainin purposes.

## References
Frederick Gowland Hopkins

**Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins**  (20 Juin 1861 – 16 Mey 1947) wis an Inglis biochemist wha wis awairdit the Nobel Prize in Pheesiology or Medicine in 1929, wi Christiaan Eijkman, for the discovery o vitamins, even tho Casimir Funk, a Pols biochemist, is widely creditit wi discoverin vitamins. He an aa discovered the amino acid tryptophan, in 1901. He wis Preses o the Ryal Society frae 1930 tae 1935.

## References
Christiaan Eijkman

**Christiaan Eijkman** (; 11 August 1858 – 5 November 1930) wis a Dutch pheesician an professor o pheesiology whase demonstration that beriberi is caused bi puir diet led tae the discovery o antineuritic vitamins (Thiamine). Thegither wi Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins, he received the Nobel Prize in Pheesiology or Medicine.
Ibrahim Saidau

**Ibrahim Mahamiedsaidavich Saidau** (; born Mairch 9, 1985 in Dagestan) is a Belaroushie male freestyle warstler.

Elknamit Kanat (Rowp). He's 2016 Olympics bronze medalist.

## References
Bog gled

The **bog gled** (*Circus aeruginosus*) is a muckle harrier, a bird o prey frae temperate an subtropical wastren Eurasie an adjacent Africae.

## References
Blue gled

The **blue gled** (*Circus cyaneus*) is a bird o prey. The genus name *Circus* is derived , referrin tae a bird o prey cried fur its circlin flicht. The specific *cyaneus* is Laitin, meanin "dark-blue".

## References
Ozone

**Ozone** (seestematically named **1λ<sup>1</sup>,3λ<sup>1</sup>-trioxidane** an ***catena''-trioxygen'''), or '''trioxygen''', is an inorganic molecule wi the [[chemical formula]] ***'. It is a pale blue gas wi a distinctively pungent smell. It is an allotrope o oxygen that is much less stable nor the diatomic allotrope , breakin doun in the lawer atmosphere tae normal dioxygen. Ozone is formed frae dioxygen bi the action o ultraviolet licht an an aa atmospheric electrical discharges, an is present in law concentrations throuoot the Yird's atmosphere (stratosphere). In tot, ozone maks up anly  o the atmosphere.

## References
Shikra

The **shikra** (*Accipiter badius*) is a smaa bird o prey in the faimily Accipitridae foond widely distributit in Asie an Africae whaur it is cried the **little baundit gosgled** an aw.

## References
William Faulkner

**William Cuthbert Faulkner** (September 25, 1897&nbsp;– Julie 6, 1962) wis an American writer an Nobel Prize laureate frae Oxford, Mississippi. Faulkner writ novelles, short stories, a play, poyetry, essays, an screenplays. He is primarly kent for his novelles an short stories set in the feectional Yoknapatawpha Coonty, based on Lafayette Coonty, Mississippi, whaur he spent maist o his life.

## References
Koh-i-Noor

The **Koh-i-Noor** (Persie for **Moontain o Licht**; an aa spelled **Koh-i-Nûr** an **Kooh-è Noor**) is a lairge, colourless diamond that wis foond near Guntur in Andhra Pradesh, Indie, possibly in the 13t&nbsp;century. It weighed  uncut an wis first ained bi the Kakatiya dynasty. The stane chynged haunds several times atween various feudin factions in Sooth Asie ower the next few hunder years, afore endin up in the possession o Queen Victoria efter the Breetish conquest o the Punjab in 1849.

## References
Punjab

The **Punjab**, an aa spelled **Panjab**, *panj-āb*, laund o "five rivers" (Punjabi: , ; ), is a geografical an cultural region in the northren pairt o Sooth Asie, comprisin auries o eastren Pakistan an northren Indie. Nae bein a poleetical unit, the extent o the region is the subject o debate an focuses on historical events tae determine its boondaries.

## References
Maimonides

**Moshe ben Maimon** ( *Moshe ben Maymon*), or **Mūsā ibn Maymūn** (), acronymed **Rambam** ( – for "**''R**abbeinu **M**oshe **B**en **M**aimon*", "Oor Rabbi/Teacher Moses Son o Maimon"), an [[Greek leid|Graecised]] (an subsequently [[Laitinisation o names|Laitinised]]) *'Moses Maimonides''', a preeminent medieval Sephardic Jewish filosofer an astronomer, became ane o the maist prolific an influential Torah scholars an pheesicians o the Middle Ages.

## References
Al-Farabi

**Al-Farabi** (,  **'; for ither recorded variants o his name see ablo), kent in the [[Wastren warld|Wast]] as **Alpharabius''' (c. 872 in Fārāb – atween 14 December, 950 an 12 Januar, 951 in Damascus), wis a Turkic renained filosofer an jurist wha wrote in the fields o poleetical filosofie, metapheesics, ethics an logic.

## References
Queir

A **queir** is a muisical ensemble o sangsters. **Choral muisic** is the muisic scrieved specifically fur sic an ensemble tae perform or in ither wirds is the muisic performed bi the ensemble. Queir mey perform muisic frae the classical muisic repertoire, whilk spans frae the medieval era tae the present, or popular muisic repertoire. Maist queirs are led bi a conductor, wha leads the performances wi airm, haund, an facial gesturs.

The term *queir* is verra aften applee'd tae groups affiliatit wi a kirk. Queirs mey sing wioot muisical instruments, or accompanied bi a piano, accordion, pipe organ, a smaa ensemble, or an orchestra.
Amritsar

**Amritsar** (; ; ), historically kent as *Rāmdāspur* an colloquially as *Ambarsar*, is a ceity in north-wastren pairt in Indie an the admeenistrative heidquarters o the Amritsar destrict locatit in the Majha region o the state o Punjab.

## References
Bose–Einstein condensate

A **Bose–Einstein condensate** (**BEC**) is a state o maiter o a dilute gas o bosons cuiled tae temperaturs very close tae absolute zero (that is, very near  or ). Unner sic condeetions, a lairge fraction o bosons occupy the lawest quantum state, at which pynt macroscopic quantum phenomena acome apparent. It is formed bi cuiling a gas o extremely law density, aboot ane-hunder-thoosandt the density o normal air, tae ultra-law temperaturs.
James Prescott Joule

**James Prescott Joule** FRS (24 December 1818 – 11 October 1889) wis an Inglis physicist an brewer, born in Salford, Lancashire. Joule studied the naitur o heat, an discovered its relationship tae mechanical wirk. This led tae the law o conservation o energy, which led to the development o the first law o thermodynamics. The SI derived unit o energy, the joule, is named efter James Joule. He wirked wi Laird Kelvin tae develop the absolute scale o temperatur the kelvin. Joule an aa made observations o magnetostriction, an he foond the relationship atween the current throu a resistor an the heat dissipatit, which is nou called Joule's first law.
Johann Gottlieb Fichte

**Johann Gottlieb Fichte** (; Mey 19, 1762 – Januar 27, 1814), a German filosofer, acame a foondin figur o the filosofical muivement kent as German idealism, which developed frae the theoretical an ethical writins o Immanuel Kant.  Recently, filosofers an scholars hae begun tae appreciate Fichte as an important filosofer in his ain richt due tae his oreeginal insichts into the naitur o sel-consciousness or sel-awareness. Fichte wis an aa the oreeginator o thesis–antithesis–synthesis (*Thesis–Antithesis–Synthesis*), an idea that is eften erroneously attributit tae Hegel. Lik Descartes an Kant afore him, Fichte wis motivated bi the problem o subjectivity an consciousness. Fichte an aa wrote wirks o poleetical filosofie; he haes a reputation as ane o the faithers o German naitionalism.

## References

**Soorces**
* Daniel Breazeale. *Thinking Through the Wissenschaftslehre: Themes from Fichte's Early Philosophy*. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.
Pie

A **pie** is a baked dish which is uisually made o a pastry douch casin that covers or completely conteens a fillin o various sweet or savoury ingredients. Sweet pies kin be filled wi' fruits sic as: apples, peaches, bluebrary, pumkin, 'n' strawberry.  Some various savory fillings include: beef, pork, crowdie, 'n' spinch.

## References
Anders Celsius

**Anders Celsius** (27 November 1701 &ndash; 25 Aprile 1744) wis a Swadish astronomer, pheesicist an mathematician. He wis professor o astronomy at Uppsala Varsity frae 1730 tae 1744, but traveled frae 1732 tae 1735 veesitin notable observatories in Germany, Italy an Fraunce. He foondit the Uppsala Astronomical Observatory in 1741, an in 1742 proponed the Celsius temperatur scale which bears his name.
Charles-Augustin de Coulomb

**Charles-Augustin de Coulomb** (; 14 Juin 1736 – 23 August 1806) wis a French pheesicist. He wis best kent for developin Coulomb's law, the defineetion o the electrostatic force o attraction an repulsion, but an aa did important wirk on freection. The SI unit o electric chairge, the coulomb, wis named efter him.

## References
Fahrenheit

**Fahrenheit** is a temperatur scale based on ane proposed in 1724 bi the Pols-born German pheesicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736), efter whom the scale is named. It uises the **degree Fahrenheit** (symbol **°F**) as the unit. There exist several accoonts o hou he oreeginally defined his scale. The lawer definin pynt, 0&nbsp;°F, wis established as the temperatur o a solution o brine made frae equal pairts o ice an saut. Further leemits war established as the meltin pynt o ice (32&nbsp;°F) an his best estimate o the average human bouk temperatur (96&nbsp;°F, aboot 2.5&nbsp;°F less nor modren measurements). The scale is nou usually defined bi twa fixed points: the temperatur at which watter freezes intae ice is defined as 32&nbsp;°F, an the bilin pynt o watter is defined tae be 212&nbsp;°F, a 180&nbsp;°F separation, as defined at sea level an staundart atmospheric pressur.

## References
Celsius

**Celsius** is a scale an unit o meisurment for temperatur. As an SI derived unit, it is uised bi maist kintras in the warld. It is named efter the Swadish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701–1744), wha developed a seemilar temperatur scale. The **degree Celsius** (**°C**) can refer tae a speceefic temperatur on the Celsius scale as well as a unit tae indicate a temperatur interval, a difference atween twa temperaturs or an uncertainty.
Wilhelm Eduard Weber

**Wilhelm Eduard Weber** (; 24 October 1804 – 23 Juin 1891) wis a German pheesicist an, thegither wi Carl Friedrich Gauss, inventor o the first electromagnetic telegraph.
Crime an Puinishment

***Crime an Puinishment*** () is a novelle bi the Roushie author Fyodor Dostoevsky. It wis first published in the leeterar jurnal *[[The Roushie Messenger]]* in twal monthly installments during 1866. It wis later published in a single volume. It is the seicont o Dostoyevsky's full-lenth novelles follaein his return frae 10 years o exile in Siberie. *Crime an Punishment* is considered the first great novelle o his "matur" period o writin.

*Crime an Punishment* focuses on the mental anguish an moral dilemmas o Rodion Raskolnikov, an impoverished ex-student in St. Petersburg wha formulates an executes a plan tae kill an unscrupulous pawnbroker for her cash. Raskolnikov, in attempts tae defend his actions, argues that wi the pawnbroker's money he can perform guid deeds tae coonterbalance the crime, while riddin the warld o a vermin. He an aa commits the murther tae test a theory o his that dictates some fowk are naiturally capable o such actions, an even *hae the richt* tae perform them. Several times throuoot the novelle, Raskolnikov compares himsel wi Napoleon Bonaparte an shares his belief that murther is permissible in pursuit o a heicher purpose.

## References
The Brithers Karamazov

***The Brithers Karamazov*** (, *Brat'ya Karamazovy*, ), an aa translatit as ***The Karamazov Brithers***, is the final novelle bi the Roushie author Fyodor Dostoyevsky. Dostoyevsky spent nearly twa years writin *The Brithers Karamazov*, which wis published as a serial in *[[The Roushie Messenger]]* frae Januar 1879 tae November 1880. The author died less nor fower month efter its publication.

*The Brithers Karamazov* is a passionate filosofical novelle set in 19t century Roushie, that enters deeply intae the ethical debates o God, free will, an morality. It is a spiritual drama o moral struggles concernin faith, doubt, judgement, an raison, set against a modrenisin Roushie, wi a plot which revolves aroond the subject o patricide. Dostoyevsky componed much o the novelle in Staraya Russa, which inspired the main settin. Syne its publication, it haes been acclaimed as ane o the supreme achievements in warld leeteratur.

## References
Gas constant

The **gas constant** (cried the **molar**, **universal**, or **ideal gas constant** an aa, denotit bi the seembol  or **) is a pheesical constant which is featurt in mony fundamental equations in the pheesical sciences, such as the ideal gas law an the Nernst equation.

## References
Struan

**Struan** (frae the Scots Gaelic wird **, meanin "the streams"), mey refer tae:

Places:
*Struan, Skye, a smaw veelage on the Isle o Skye in Scotland
*Struan, Perthshire, a smaw veelage tae the wast o Blair Atholl
**Struan railwey station
* Struan, Sooth Australie, the steid o *Struan House*, sooth o Naracoorte
* Struan, Saskatchewan
* A nummer o biggins in Bracadale, Hieland

Others:
* Struan (ship) a ship that wreckit aff o Cape Lookout (Oregon)
* The *[[Struan's|Struan faimily]]* an their company *[[Struan's]]* (forbye cried the Noble House) is a feectional faimily featurin hivily in mony o the Asian Saga novels bi writer James Clavell. 
*Struan is a tradeetional Scots boy's name, commonly gien tae the chief o the Clan Robertson or Clan Duncan.
*Struan Michael - a variety o flat quick bread servit on Michaelmas
*Struan Murray
Struan, Perthshire

**Struan** is a smaw veelage in Perthshire in Scotland. It is 8 km wast o Blair Atholl.

It is near the confluence o the River Garry an the Errochty Watter.
Frederick Reines

**Frederick Reines** (); (Mairch 16, 1918 – August 26, 1998) wis an American pheesicist. He wis awairdit the 1995 Nobel Prize in Pheesics for his co-detection o the neutrino wi Clyde Cowan in the neutrino experiment.

## References
Murray Gell-Mann

**Murray Gell-Mann** (; born September 15, 1929; deed Mey 24, 2019) wis an American pheesicist wha received the 1969 Nobel Prize in Pheesics for his wirk on the theory o elementary pairticles.

## References
Kinetic theory o gases

The **kinetic theory** describes a gas as a lairge nummer o submicroscopic pairticles (atoms or molecules), aw o which are in constant rapid motion that haes randomness arisin frae thair mony collisions wi ilk ither an wi the waws o the conteener.
Aspartic acid

**Aspartic acid** (abbreviatit as **Asp** or **D**; encodit bi the codons [GAU an GAC]), kent as **aspartate** an aw, is an α-amino acid that is uised in the biosynthesis o proteins. It conteens an α-amino group (which is in the protonated −NH form unner biological condeetions), an α-carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonatit −COO− form unner biological condeetions), an a side chain CH2COOH. Unner physiological condeetions in proteins the sidechain uisually occurs as the negatively chairged aspartate form, −COO−. It is semi-essential in humans, meanin the bouk can seenthesize it frae oxaloacetate.

## References
Ashkirk

**Ashkirk** is a smaw veelage on the Ale Water, in the Mairches aurie o Scotland. It is locatit on the A7 road, approximately 6 mile each wey atween Selkirk tae the north an Haaick tae the sooth.

## References
John Dewey

**John Dewey** (; October 20, 1859 – Juin 1, 1952) wis an American philosopher, psychologist, an eddicational reformer whase ideas hae been influential in eddication an social reform. Dewey is ane o the primary figurs associatit wi the philosophy o pragmatism an is conseedert ane o the foonders o functional psychology. A *[[Review of General Psychology]]* survey, published in 2002, ranked Dewey as the 93rd maist citit psychologist o the 20t century.
A well-kent public intellectual, he wis a major vyce o progressive eddication an liberalism anaa. Awtho Dewey is kent best for his furthsettins anent education, he wrate aboot sindry ither topics anaa, includin epistemology, metapheesics, aesthetics, airt, logic, social theory, an ethics.

## References
Carl David Anderson

**Carl David Anderson** (September 3, 1905 – Januar 11, 1991) wis an American pheesicist.  He is best kent for his discovery o the positron in 1932, an achievement for which he received the 1936 Nobel Prize in Pheesics, an o the muon in 1936.
B. F. Skinner

**Burrhus Frederic Skinner** (Mairch 20, 1904 – August 18, 1990), commonly kent as **B. F. Skinner**, wis an American psychologist, behaviourist, author, inventor, an social filosofer. He wis the Edgar Pierce Professor o Psychology at Harvard Varsity frae 1958 till his retirement in 1974.

## References
Jean Piaget

**Jean Piaget ** (; 9 August 1896 – 16 September 1980) wis a Swiss clinical psychologist kent for his pioneerin wirk in bairn development. 
Piaget's theory o cognitive development an epistemological view are thegither cried "genetic epistemology".

## References
Terek River

The **Terek River** (; ; , ; , *Terk*; , ; , ), a major river in the Northren Caucasus, flows throu Georgie an Roushie intae the Caspian Sea.
Erich Fromm

**Erich Seligmann Fromm** (; Mairch 23, 1900 – Mairch 18, 1980) wis a German social psychologist, psychoanalyst, sociologist, humanistic philosopher, an democratic socialist. He wis associatit wi the Frankfurt Schuil o creetical theory.

## References
Karl Jaspers

**Karl Theodor Jaspers** (; 23 Februar 1883 – 26 Februar 1969) wis a German-Swiss psychiatrist an philosopher that haed a strang influence on modren theology, psychiatry, an philosophy. Efter bein trained in an practicin psychiatry, Jaspers turnt tae philosophical inquiry an attemptit tae diskiver an innovative philosophical system. He wis eften viewed as a major exponent o exeestentialism in Germany, tho he didnae tak tae this label.

## References
Pamela Anderson

**Pamela Denise Anderson** (born Julie 1, 1967) is a Canadian-American actress. In addeetion tae her actin career, she is also a model, producer, author, activist an a umwhile shawgirl, kent for her roles on the telly series *[[Home Improvement (TV series)|Home Improvement]]*, *[[Baywatch]]* an *[[V.I.P. (TV series)|V.I.P.]]*. She wis chosen as a Playmate of the Month for *[[Playboy]]* magazine in Februar 1990. For a time, she wis kent as **Pamela Anderson Lee** (or **Pamela Lee**) efter mairyin Mötley Crüe drummer Tommy Lee. Anderson is a member o the ainimal richts muivement an haes conductit campaigns condemnin the commercial fur industry an promotin veganism throu the ainimal richts organisation People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA). In 2006, she wis inductit intae Canada's Walk of Fame.

## References
Megan Fox

**Megan Denise Fox** (born Mey 16, 1986) is an American actress an model. She began her actin career in 2001, wi several minor telly an film roles, an played a regular role on the *[[Hope & Faith]]* telly sitcom. In 2004, she made her film debut wi a role in the teen comedy *[[Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen]]*. In 2007, she co-starned as Mikaela Banes, the luve interest o Shia LaBeouf's chairacter, in the blockbuster action film *[[Transformers (film)|Transformers]]*, which acame her breakoot role. Fox reprised her role in the 2009 sequel, *[[Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen]]*. Later in 2009, she starned as the eponymous lead in the black comedy horror film *[[Jennifer's Body]]*.

## References
Edmond Halley

**Edmond** (or **Edmund**) **Halley**, FRS (pronoonced ; 8 November 1656 – 25 Januar 1742) wis an Inglis astronomer, geopheesicist, mathematician, meteorologist, an pheesicist wha is best kent for computin the orbit o the eponymous Halley's Comet. He wis the seicont Astronomer Royal in Breetain, succeedin John Flamsteed.

## References
Joseph von Fraunhofer

**Joseph Ritter von Fraunhofer** (6 Mairch 1787 – 7 Juin 1826) wis a German optician.

He is kent for discoverin the dark absorption lines kent as Fraunhofer lines in the Sun's spectrum, an for makkin excellent optical gless an achromatic telescope objectives.
Friedrich Bessel

**Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel** (; 22 Julie 1784 – 17 Mairch 1846) wis a German astronomer, mathematician, pheesicist an geodesist. He wis the first astronomer wha determined reliable values for the distance frae the sun tae anither starn bi the method o parallax. A special teep o mathematical functions war named Bessel functions efter Bessel's daith, tho thay haed oreeginally been discovered bi Daniel Bernoulli.


Bessel, Friedrich Wilhelm – Tabulae Regiomontanae reductionum observationum astronomicarum ab anno 1750 usque ad annum 1850 computatae, 1830 – BEIC 753362.jpg|*Tabulae Regiomontanae reductionum observationum astronomicarum ab anno 1750 usque ad annum 1850 computatae*, 1830
Léon Foucault

**Jean Bernard Léon Foucault** () (18 September 1819 – 11 Februar 1868) wis a French physicist best kent for his demonstration o the Foucault pendulum, a device demonstratin the effect o the Yird's rotation. He an aa made an early meisurment o the speed o licht, discovered eddy currents, an is creditit wi namin the gyroscope (awtho he didna invent it).
Simone de Beauvoir

**Simone Lucie Ernestine Marie Bertrand de Beauvoir** (; 9 Januar 1908 – 14 Aprile 1986) wis a French writer, intellectual, exeestentialist philosopher, poleetical activist, feminist an social theorist. Tho she didnae consider hersel a philospher, she haed a signeeficant influence on baith feminist exeestentialism an feminist theory.

De Beauvoir wrate novelles, essays, biographies, ae autobiography an monographs on philosophy, politics, an social issues. She wis kent for her 1949 treatise *[[The Seicont Sex]]*, a detailed analysis o weemen's oppression an a foondational tract o contemporar feminism; an for her novelles, includin *[[She Cam tae Stay]]* an *[[The Mandarins]]*. She wis kent for her lifelang relationship wi French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre an aw.

## References
Electromagnet

An **electromagnet** is a teep o magnet in which the magnetic field is produced bi an electric current. The magnetic field disappears when the current is turned off. Electromagnets uisually conseest of a lairge nummer o closely spaced turns o wire that create the magnetic field.  The wire turns are eften woond aroond a magnetic core made frae a ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material such as airn; the magnetic core concentrates the magnetic flux an maks a mair pouerfu magnet.

## References
Cepheid variable

A **Cepheid variable** is a teepe o starn that pulsates radially, varyin in baith diameter an temperatur an producin chynges in brichtness wi a well-defined stable period an amplitude.
Hans Bethe

**Hans Albrecht Bethe** (; Julie 2, 1906&nbsp;– Mairch 6, 2005) wis a German an American nuclear physicist wha, in addeetion tae makkin important contreibutions tae astrophysics, quantum electrodynamics an solit-state physics, wan the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physics for his wirk on the theory o stellar nucleosynthesis.

## References
Arno Allan Penzias

**Arno Allan Penzias** (born 26 Aprile 1933; deed 22 Januar 2024) wis an American physicist, radio astronomer an Nobel laureate in physics wha is co-discoverer o the cosmic microwave backgrund radiation,  which helped establish the Big Bang theory o cosmology.

## References
Alexander Prokhorov

**Alexander Mikhaylovich Prokhorov**, or **Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov**, (; 11 Julie 1916&nbsp;– 8 Januar 2002) wis a Soviet pheesicist kent for his pioneerin research on lasers an masers for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Pheesics in 1964 wi Charles Hard Townes an Nikolay Basov.

## References
Liza Minnelli

**Liza Mey Minnelli** (born Mairch 12, 1946) is an American actress an sangster. Wi a career spannin sax decades, she haes reached legendary status in multiple fields o entertainment an is amang a smaw group o entertainers wha hae been honoured wi an Emmy, Grammy, Oscar, an Tony Awaird.
Michelle Pfeiffer

**Michelle Marie Pfeiffer** (born 29 Aprile 1958 in Santa Ana, Californie) is an American actress an sangster.
Kim Kardashian

**Kimberly** "**Kim**" **Kardashian** (née **Kimberly Noel Kardashian**; October 21, 1980) is an American reality televeesion personality, actress, socialite, businesswoman an model. Kardashian first gained media attention as a friend an stylist o Paris Hilton, but received wider notice efter a 2003 sex tape wi her umwhile boyfriend Ray J wis leaked in 2007. Later that year, she an her faimily began tae appear in the  E! Network's reality telly series *[[Keeping Up with the Kardashians]]*. Its success suin led tae the creation o spin-offs includin *[[Kourtney and Kim Take New York]]* an *[[Kourtney and Khloe Take Miami]]* in addition tae various business venturs. Kardashian's personal life suin became subject tae widespread media attention.

## References
Anne Bancroft

**Anna Maria Louisa Italiano** (September 17, 1931 – Juin 6, 2005), kent professionally as **Anne Bancroft**, wis an American actress associatit wi the method actin schuil, haein studied unner Lee Strasberg. Respectit for her actin prowess an versatility, Bancroft wis acknawledged for her wirk in film, theatre an telly. She wan ane Academy Awaird, three BAFTA Awairds, twa Gowden Globes, twa Tony Awairds an twa Emmy Awairds, an several ither awairds an nominations.

## References
Gillian Anderson

**Gillian Leigh Anderson** (born August 9, 1968) is an American-British film, telly an theatre actress, activist an writer. Her credits include the roles o FBI Special Agent Dana Scully in the lang-runnin an widely popular series *[[The X-Files]]*, ill-fatit socialite Lily Bart in Terence Davies' film *[[The House of Mirth (2000 film)|The House of Mirth]]* (2000), an Lady Dedlock in the successfu BBC production o Charles Dickens' *[[Bleak House (2005 TV serial)|Bleak House]]*. Amang ither honours, Anderson haes wan a Primetime Emmy Awaird, a Gowden Globe Awaird an twa Screen Actors Guild Awairds.

## References
The X-Files

***The X-Files*** is an American science fiction horror drama telly series creatit bi Chris Carter. The programme oreeginally aired frae 10 September 1993 tae 19 Mey 2002, on Fox, spannin nine series, wi 202 episodes an a featur film o the same name, afore returnin wi a seicont film in 2008 an a sax-episode tent series in 2016. The series revolves aroond FBI speicial agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) an Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) that speir intae X-Files: marginalised, unsolved cases involvin paranormal phenomena. Mulder believes in the existence o aliens an the paranormal whiles Scully, a medical doctor an a sceptic, is assignt tae mak scienteefic analyses o Mulder's discoveries tae debunk his wirk an sicweys return him tae mainstream cases. Early in the series, baith agents become pawns in a lairger conflict an come tae trust anly ilk ither an a verra few select fowk. Thay develop a close relationship that begins as a platonic friendship, but becomes a romance bi the end o the series. In addeetion tae the series-spannin story arc, "Monster-of-the-Week" episodes form aboot twa-thirds o aw episodes.

## References

**Soorces**
*
Nikolay Basov

**Nikolay Gennadiyevich Basov** (; 14 December 1922 – 1 Julie 2001) wis a Soviet pheesicist an eddicator. For his fundamental wirk in the field o quantum electronics that led tae the development o laser an maser, Basov shared the 1964 Nobel Prize in Pheesics wi Alexander Prokhorov an Charles Hard Townes.

## References
Sarah Jessica Parker

**Sarah Jessica Parker** (born Mairch 25, 1965) is an American actress, producer, an designer. She is kent for her leadin role as Carrie Bradshaw on the HBO telly series, *[[Sex and the City]]* (1998–2004). She wan twa Emmy Awairds for the shaw: ane for Ootstaundin Comedy Series (as producer) in 2001 an anither for Ootstaundin Lead Actress in a Comedy Series in 2004. For this role, she an aa wan fower Gowden Globe Awairds for Best Actress in a Comedy Series an three Screen Actors Guild Awairds. She reprised the role in the films, *[[Sex and the City (film)|Sex and the City]]* (2008) an *[[Sex and the City 2]]* (2010).

## References
Upshire

**Upshire** is a veelage in the Epping Forest Destrict o Essex, Ingland.

The veelage is pairt o the ceevil pairish o Waltham Abbey. Nearbi dounsets include the touns o Epping an Waltham Abbey. The M25 motorwey passes close tae the veelage. The veelage is on Horseshoe Hill (a minor road), on which is The Horseshoe public hoose, an the kirk o St Thomas, a Grade II* leetit biggin in Airts an Crafts style datin frae 1902. Less nor hauf-a-mile (650m) tae the north-east is the hamlet o Copthall Green. Eddication is providit bi Upshire Primary Foundation School.

## References

## Freemit airtins
*
*Upshire Primary Foundation School
Cancer o the cervix

**Cervical cancer** is a cancer arisin frae the cervix. It is due tae the abnormal growthe o cells that hae the ability tae invade or spread tae ither parts of the body. Early on, teepically nae symptoms are seen. Later symptoms mey include abnormal vaginal bleedin, pelvic pain, or pain durin sexual intercourse. Whilk bleedin efter sex mey no be serious, it mey forbye indicate the presence o cervical cancer.

## References

## Freemit airtins

*
CERN

The **European Organization for Nuclear Research** (French: *Organisation européenne pour la recherche nucléaire*), kent as **CERN** (; derived frae the name *"Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire"*), is a European research organisation that operates the lairgest pairticle pheesics laboratory in the warld. Established in 1954, the organisation is based in a northwast suburb o Geneva on the Franco–Swiss border, () an haes 22 member states. Israel is the anly non-European kintra granted full membership.

## REferences
Frances McDormand

**Frances Louise McDormand** (born as **Cynthia Ann Smith** on Juin 23, 1957) is an American–French actress. She haes been mairit tae director an writer Joel Coen syne 1984 an haes starned in several o the Coen brithers' films, includin *[[Blood Simple]]* (1984), *[[Raising Arizona]]* (1987), *[[Fargo (film)|Fargo]]* (1996), "Madeline"(1998), *[[The Man Who Wasn't There (2001 film)|The Man Who Wasn't There]]* (2001) an *[[Burn After Reading]]* (2008). McDormand is ane o the few performers wha hae achieved the Triple Croun o Actin. In 1997, she wan the Academy Awaird for Best Actress for *Fargo*. In 2011, she wan the Tony Awaird for Best Actress in a Play for the oreeginal Broadway production o *[[Good People (play)|Good People]]*, an in 2015 she wan the Primetime Emmy Awaird for Ootstaundin Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie for *[[Olive Kitteridge (miniseries)|Olive Kitteridge]]*. In 2018, she won an Academy Awaird for her performance in the film Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri.

## References
Zooey Deschanel

**Zooey Claire Deschanel** (; born Januar 17, 1980) is an American actress an sangster-sangwriter. In 1999, she made her film debut in *[[Mumford (film)|Mumford]]*, follaed bi her role as Anita Miller in Cameron Crowe's 2000 semi-autobiographical film *[[Almost Famous]]*. Deschanel suin acame kent for her deadpan comedy roles in films such as *[[The Good Girl]]* (2002), *[[The New Guy]]* (2002), *[[Elf (film)|Elf]]* (2003), *[[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (film)|The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy]]* (2005), *[[Failure to Launch]]* (2006), *[[Yes Man (film)|Yes Man]]* (2008), an *[[(500) Days of Summer]]* (2009). She an aa did dramatic turns in the films *[[Manic (film)|Manic]]* (2001), *[[All the Real Girls]]* (2003), *[[Winter Passing]]* (2005) an *[[Bridge to Terabithia (2007 film)|Bridge to Terabithia]]* (2007). Syne 2011, she haes played Jessica Day on the Fox sitcom *[[New Girl]]*, for which she haes received an Emmy Awaird nomination an three Gowden Globe Awaird nominations. *[[USA Today]]* describit her performance as "Gien a role tailored tae launch her frae respectit indie actor tae certified TV starn, Deschanel soars, combinin well-honed skills wi a naitural charm."

## References
Edie McClurg

**Edie McClurg** (born Julie 23, 1951) is an American staund-up comedian, actress, sangster an vyce actress. She haes performed in nearly 90 films an 55 telly episodes, eften portrayin chairacters wi a cheery accent.
Lea Michele

**Lea Michele Sarfati** (; born August 29, 1986) is an American actress, sangster, an author. She is kent for her role as Rachel Berry on the Fox comedy-drama series *[[Glee (TV series)|Glee]]* (2009–15). Michele's performance received creetical praise, earnin her an Emmy Awaird nomination an twa Gowden Globe Awaird nominations, as well as a Satellite Awaird, a Screen Actors Guild Awaird, an three consecutive Fowk's Choice Awairds. Syne 2015, she haes portrayed Hester Ulrich on Fox's horror-comedy series *[[Scream Queens (2015 TV series)|Scream Queens]]*.

## Notes

## References
Queen Latifah

**Dana Elaine Owens** (born Mairch 18, 1970), kent professionally bi her stage name **Queen Latifah**, is an American rapper, sangwriter, sangster, actress, model, televeesion producer, record producer, comedian, an talk shaw host. Born in Newark, New Jersey, she signed wi Tommy Boy Records in 1989 an released her debut album *[[All Hail the Queen]]* the same year, featurin the hit single "Ladies First". Her seicont album, *[[Nature of a Sista]]* (1991), wis her final album wi Tommy Boy Records.

## References
Kathleen Turner

**Mary Kathleen Turner** (born Juin 19, 1954), better kent as **Kathleen Turner**, is an American actress an director.
Brenda Song

**Brenda Song** (born March 27, 1988) is an American actress, model, spokesperson, an taekwondo practeetioner. Song stairtit in shaw business as a bairn fashion model. Her early telly wirk includit roles in the telly shows *[[Fudge (TV series)|Fudge]]* (1995) an *[[100 Deeds for Eddie McDowd]]* (1999). Efter mony commercials an telly roles in the late 1990s, Song wan a Young Airtist Awaird for her performance in *[[The Ultimate Christmas Present]]* (2000). In 2002, Song signed a contract wi Disney Channel an starned in "Get A Clue" 2002 an syne then made signeeficant contreibutions tae the channel,  *[[Stuck in the Suburbs]]* (2004) an mony ither productions. In 2005, Song began playin the lead female role o London Tipton in the *[[The Suite Life of Zack & Cody]]* an *[[The Suite Life on Deck]]*. The chairacter is notit as ane o Disney's langest continuous chairacters.

## References
Debby Ryan

**Deborah Ann** "**Debby**" **Ryan** (born Mey 13, 1993) is an American actress, director, an sangster. Ryan is kent for starnin as Jessie Prescott in the Disney Channel Original Series *[[Jessie (TV series)|Jessie]]* an as Bailey Pickett in Disney Channel's *[[The Suite Life on Deck]]*.

## References
Shelley Duvall

**Shelley Alexis Duvall** (born Julie 7, 1949; deed Julie 11, 2024) wis an American actress, producer, writer, sangster, an comedian. She began her career in various Robert Altman films in the 1970s, includin *[[Brewster McCloud]]* (1970), *[[McCabe & Mrs. Miller]]* (1971), *[[Thieves Like Us (film)|Thieves Like Us]]* (1974), *[[Nashville (film)|Nashville]]* (1975), an *[[3 Women]]* (1977), which wan her the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress an a BAFTA nomination for Best Actress. Duvall haed a supportin role in *[[Annie Hall]]* (1977) before staring in lead roles in *[[Popeye (1980 film)|Popeye]]* (1980) an *[[The Shining (film)|The Shining]]* (1980).

## References
Geraldine Page

**Geraldine Sue Page** (November 22, 1924 – Juin 13, 1987) wis an American film, telly an stage actress. An aicht-time Academy Awaird nominee, she wis nominatit for *[[Hondo (film)|Hondo]]* (1953), *[[Summer and Smoke (film)|Summer and Smoke]]* (1961), *[[Sweet Bird of Youth (film)|Sweet Bird of Youth]]* (1962), *[[You're a Big Boy Now]]* (1966), *[[Pete 'n' Tillie]]* (1972), *[[Interiors]]* (1978) an *[[The Pope of Greenwich Village]]* (1984), afore winnin the Academy Awaird for Best Actress for her performance as Carrie Watts in *[[The Trip to Bountiful]]* (1985).