open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
M1117 Armored Security Vehicle

The **M1117 Guardian Armored Security Vehicle**, or ASV, is an internal security vehicle manufactured bi Cadillac Gage o Textron for uise bi the U.S. Airmy's Military Police Corps. Its armament consists o an Mk 19 grenade launcher an M2 Browning Machine Gun, muntit in a turret seemilar tae that uised on the US Marine Corps' Amphibious Assault Vehicle; an a M240H Medium Machine Gun muntit ootside the gunner's hatch. The vehicle haes acome vera popular wi U.S. Military Police Units an Convoy Security Units in Iraq. It is a mair hivily protectit an hivily airmit alternative tae the airmort Humvee which wis no oreeginally designed tae be a protectit fechtin vehicle.

## Variants
The follaein variants are kent tae be in production/service:
* Command & Control
* Recovery Vehicle (Each ASV can flat tow anither ASV or HMMWV)
* Reconnaissance Surveillance & Target Acquisition (RSTA)
* Ambulance
* Infantry Carrier Vehicle (ICV, fancy name for an Armored Personnel Carrier (APC))
* M1200 Armored Knight FiST-V

### Export variants
Bulgarie uises a variant o the M1117 APC fittit wi a NSVT hivy machine gun insteid o the M2. No aw vehicles hae been convertit this wey.

The Iraqi Armored Personnel Carrier ASV variant is configured for transport.

## Operators
*  - 7 (6 wi the troops in Afghanistan), mair tae be delivered. General Defence Staff o Bulgarie haes put a requirement for additional 30 units tae the Parliament.
*  - 39, Uised bi the Airmy, it is expectit the acquisition o a batch o the same amunt. Thir vehicles are the Infantry Carrier Vehicle version, purchased tae supplement Colombie's recently acquired fleet o BTR-80's, anither 39 wur expectit tae came in operational service in 2012. 
*  - 184, uised bi Iraqi Naitional Polis units. 80 mair tae be delivered.
*  - 1,836. The vehicle is primarily uised bi U.S. Military Police Units an Convoy Security Units in Iraq.

## See an aw
*Infantry fechtin vehicle
*Leet o AFVs
*BRDM Soviet designed airmoured caur series
*Bravia Chaimite

## References
*Doyle, David. *Cadillac Gage V-100 Commando.* 2008, Squadron Signal Publications. ISBN 978-0-89747-574-7.

## Freemit airtins
*GlobalSecurity.org site on ASV
*Armored Security Vehicle Data Sheet (PDF) 
*Video o ASV
*M1117 in Iraq video
*Army Technology article
Jussi Pajunen

**Jussi Ilmari Pajunen** (b. September 5, 1954 in Helsinki) is a Finnish politeecian o the Naitional Coalition Pairty an mayor o Helsinki syne 2005.

He haes a B.Sc an M.Sc frae the Helsinki Schuil o Economics an MBA frae INSEAD in Fraunce. He speaks Finnish, Swadish, Inglis, an French fluently. Pajunen wis a member o the Liberal Pairty an a sma group kent as Reform Pairty Liberals. He muivit tae the lairger Naitional Coalition Pairty in 1996.  He wis a member o the ceety cooncil for 8 years, an wis the chairman o the ceety board in 2003-2005. He is the current mayor o Helsinki, Finland syne 2005.

## References

## Freemit airtins

* Mayor Jussi Pajunen
Kaarina Goldberg

**Kaarina Goldberg** (born 28 Januar 1956) is a Finnish author an jurnalist who lives in Vienna. She is best kent for her childer's beuks *Petokylän Ilona Ilves*, *Rämäpäinen robotti* an her comic strip *Senni ja Safira* in the Finnish newspaper *Eläkeläiset*. She is a columnist for the Finnish gastronomy magazine *Teema Nova* an aw.

In August 2010, her *Senni ja Safira*-comic strips wur released as a beuk bi the Finnish publishin hoose Karisto, representing the first comic-related publication in the company's history so far.

## Family life

Kaarina Goldberg lives wi her husband in Austrick syne 1985. They hae twa sons (born 1984 an 1988).
She is the aunt o the Finnish politeecians Irina Krohn an Minerva Krohn.

## Books

* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## References
Tarnobrzeg

**Tarnobrzeg** is a ceety locatit in Poland, on the Vistula river, wi a population o 48.217 (2014). It is the caipital o a poviat athin Voivodship Subcarpathian.
Skeitchbuirdin

**Skeitchbuirdin** is an action sport which involves ridin an performin tricks uisin a skeitchbuird.

Skeitchbuirdin can be a recreational activity, an airt form, a job, or a method o transportation. It haes been shapit an influencit bi mony skatebuirders throughoot the years. A 2002 report foond that there wur 18.5 million skeitchbuirders in the warld. 85 percent o them polled who haed uised a buird in the last year wur unner the age o 18, an 74 percent wur male.

Skeitchbuirdin is relatively modren. A key skeitchbuirdin maneuver, the ollie, wis developit in the late 1970s bi Alan "Ollie" Gelfand as a hauf-pipe maneuver. Freestyle skeitchbuirder Rodney Mullen was the first tae tak it tae flat grund an later inventit the kickflip an its variations.  Syne the 1970s, skeitchpairks hae been constructit specifically for uise bi skeitchbuirders, bikers an inline skeitchers.

## Notes

## Freemit airtins
*Skateboard Kings , a 1978 documentary on skeitchbuirdin
*
Elissa Steamer

**Elissa Steamer** (born 31 July 1975, in Ft. Myers, Florida) is an American professional skeitchbuirder.

## History
Steamer began skeitchbuirdin in 1989, turnin pro in 1998 when she wan the weemen's street section at Slam City Jam 1998. She wan the same section in 1999. In 2003 she wis votit Female Skater of the Year bi Check it Out Girls magazine. She wis the first female pro street skater. She haes appeared in several videos includin Welcome to Hell (Toy Machine), Jump Off a Building (Toy Machine), Baker Bootleg 1 & 2 (Baker), *FM1 & 2 (Rob Hoovis), an Bootleg 3000 (Bootleg). Steamer livit on Ricardo Avenue an uised tae practice skatin in the pairkin lot o Allen Park Elementary in Fort Myers. She attendit Fort Myers Heich Schuil.

Steamer currently lives in San Francisco, Californie.

## Video gemes
Steamer appeared as a playable character in the first 5 games in the Tony Hawk series. She wis the first female pro tae appear in the series.

## Contest history

### 2005
*1st place, World Cup of Skateboarding, Women’s Street, Melbourne, Australie
*1st place, World Championships of Skateboarding, Münster, Germany
*1st place, X Games, Women’s Street, Los Angeles, Californie
*1st place, Malaysia X Games, Women's Street, Malaysie

### 2004
*1st place, World Cup of Skateboarding, Women’s Street, Melbourne, Australie
*1st place, Triple Crown, Women’s Street, Cleveland, Ohio
*1st place, X Games, Women’s Street, Los Angeles, Californie
*1st place, Gravity Games, Women’s Street, Cleveland, Ohio
*1st place, Triple Crown Finals, Women’s Street, Huntington Beach, Californie
*1st place, Slam City Jam, Women’s Street, Vancouver, Breetish Columbie, Canadae

### 2003
*1st place, World Cup of Skateboarding, Women's Street, Melbourne, Australie

### 1999
*1st place, Slam City Jam, Women's Street

### 1998
*1st place, Slam City Jam, Women's Street

## Freemit airtins
*Elissa Steamer departs Zero Skateboards by ESPN July, 2011
*Bio at etniesgirl.com 
*Interview in Dec 98 
*
Osmaniye

**Osmaniye** is a sma ceety in the Çukurova region o Turkey, the caipital o Osmaniye Province. Aurie 3,767&nbsp;km². Population o Osmaniye ceety: 194,339. Osmaniye Province: 471,804 (2009). Osmaniye is at an elevation o 125 meters (410.1 feet).

Locatit on the eastren edge o the Çukurova plain in the fuithills o the Nur Muntains, the gateway atween Anatolie an the Middle East, Osmaniye is on the Silk Road, a place o strategic importance an haes been a settlement for various ceevilizations includin the Hittites, Persies an Romans.

## History
The Islamic presence in the aurie wis first established bi the Abbasid Caliph Harun Rashid, auxiliaries in his airmy being the first Turks tae fecht in Anatolie. They obviously teuk a shine tae the place an follaein the Turkis victory ower the Byzantines at Malazgirt in 1071 waves o Turkis conquest began. The Nur Muntains wur settled bi the Ulaşlı tribe o the Turkmens.

The Ulaşlı remained the local pouer through intae the period o the Ottoman Empire an wur even involvit in the Celali uprisins, durin a period o uncertain Ottoman rule in the 17t century. Eventually, in 1865 the Ottoman general Derviş Paşa wis chairgit wi bringin law an order tae Çukurova. He established his headquarters in the Osmaniye veelages o Dereobası, Fakıuşağı,Akyar and brocht the Ulaşlı down from the heich muntains tae the veelage o Hacıosmanlı. This eventually became the province o Osmaniye. The ceety o Osmaniye wis formally a destrict govrenorate an atween 1924 an 1933 caipital o the province. Housomeivver in 1933 the province wis abolished an Osmaniye was made the destrict govrenorate o Adana province which continued till 1996.

## Osmaniye the day
The day Osmaniye is a conservative kintra toun, the centre o a rich agricultural region well watered bi the Ceyhan river seestem an well-kent for growin peanuts. There is plenty o forest anaw an hintle o the surroondin kintraside is vera attractive. Housomeivver, the toun wis made a provincial caipital in 1996 an as such is nou receivin some investment in infrastructur, an beginnin tae feel mair like a ceety then a rural mercat toun. There is a ring road, an tawer biggins. The cuisine is typical o the region; kabab, şalgam (a drink made o pickled turnips), an baklava. The local specialty is a kynd o bread/pretzel cried *[[simit]]* an tirşik, toğga... etc. In simmer the wather is vera hot, an maist residents o Osmaniye try tae escape either tae the nearbi Mediterranean coast or up intae the Nur muntains. The plateau o Zorkun is a popular muntain retreat in simmertime.
There are an aw 2 Roman ceeties remainin, consistin o roads an antique theater, cried Hieropolis an Kastabala.
The ceety is anerlie 25&nbsp;km frae the Mediterranean coast o Dörtyol.

## Climate
Osmaniye haes a mediterranean climate. Simmers are vera hot an dry while the winters are ceul an wet.

## Places o interest
Antique ruins o Osmaniye; Karatepe an Aslantaş.

## References

## External links

*  Osmaniye govrenor's offeecial wabsteid
*  Osmaniye municipality's offeecial wabsteid
*  Osmaniye weather forecast information
Isparta Province

**Isparta Province** () is a province in soothwastren Turkey. Its adjacent provinces are Afyon tae the northwast, Burdur tae the soothwast, Antalya tae the sooth, an Konya tae the east. It haes an aurie o 8,993&nbsp;km² an a population o 448,298 up frae 434,771 (1990). The provincial caipital is Isparta.

The province is weel kent for its aipples, sour cherries, grapes, roses an rose products, an cairpets. The best fertile lands are in the aurie namit Uluborlu. The province is situatit in the *Göller Bölgesi* (Lakes Aurie) o Turkey's Mediterranean Region an haes mony freshwatter lochs.

## Destricts
Isparta province is dividit intae 13 destricts (caipital destrict in **bauld**):
*Aksu
*Atabey
*Eğirdir
*Gelendost
*Gönen
***[[Isparta]]**
*Keçiborlu
*Şarkikaraağaç
*Senirkent
*Sütçüler
*Uluborlu
*Yalvaç
*Yenişarbademli

## Steids o interest

Kovada Lake an Kızıldağ Naitional Pairks, Isparta Gölcüğü, Çamyol an Kuyucak forest recreation auries, Eğirdir aik an Sütçüler forest conservation auries, Eğirdir, Uluborlu an Yalvaç castles, Antiochia in Pisidia an Apollonia antiquity ceeties, Ertokuş an Dündar Bey auld theological schuils (medrese), Isparta Hızır Bey, Kutlu Bey, Firdevs Bey, İplik, Eğirdir Hızır Bey, Barla Çaşnigir, Uluğbey Veli Baba mosques, Firdevs Bey Bazaar, Eğirdir Inn (caravansary), Ertokuş Hanı Inn , Baba Sultan Mousoleum, Isparta an Yalvaç Museums.

## Notable fowk
* Erkan Mumcu
* Necmettin Sadak
* Süleyman Demirel
* Zeki Demirkubuz

## Gallery

Image:Köprülü Kanyon.JPG|Köprülü Canyon in Sütçüler destrict
Image:Yalvaç'taki antik kalıntılar.jpg|Auncient Roman inscriptions in Yalvaç
Image:Antiocheia in Psidia.jpg|Antioch, Pisidia in Yalvaç destrict
Image:LakeEgirdir.jpg|Lake Eğirdir in Eğirdir destrict

## References

## External links

*  Isparta governor's official website
*  Isparta municipality's official website
*  Isparta weather forecast information
Burdur Province

**Burdur Province** () is a province o Turkey, locatit in the soothwast an borderin Muğla an Antalya tae the sooth, Denizli tae the wast, Afyon tae the north, an Isparta tae the east. It haes an aurie o 6,887&nbsp;km² an a population o 258,868 the provincial caipital is Burdur ceety.

Burdur is locatit in the "Lakes Region" o Turkey an haes mony lakes o sindry sizes, lairgest o which, Burdur Lake, is namit efter the province. Salda Lake is the seicont lairgest lake in the province an is considered tae be ane o the cleanest lakes in the warld.

## Destricts
Burdur province is dividit intae 11 destricts (caipital destrict in **bauld**):
*Ağlasun
*Altınyayla
*Bucak
***[[Burdur]]**
*Çavdır
*Çeltikçi
*Gölhisar
*Karamanlı
*Kemer
*Tefenni
*Yeşilova

## Gallery

Image:Sagalassos1.jpg|Auncient ceety o Sagalassos

Image:Museum of Anatolian Civilizations014.jpg|Airtifacts retrievit frae Hacilar neolithic steid

## References

## Freemit airtins

*  Burdur governor's official website
*  Burdur municipality's official website
*  Burdur weather forecast information 
*  Burdur NewsPaper
Sootheastren Anatolie Region

**Sootheastren Anatolie Region** () is ane o Turkey's seiven census-defined geographical regions (*bölge*). It is bordered bi the Mediterranean Region tae the west, the Eastren Anatolie Region tae the north, Sirie tae the sooth, an Iraq tae the sootheast.

## Provinces
* Adıyaman Province
* Batman Province
* Diyarbakır Province
* Gaziantep Province
* Kilis Province
* Mardin Province
* Siirt Province
* Şanlıurfa Province
* Şırnak Province

## Population

Statistical Datas are frae Turkis Statistics Association TUIK wab steid 

## Geography an climate

Sootheastren Anatolie Region haes an aurie o 75.358&nbsp;km² an is the seicont smawest region o Turkey.
Sootheastren Anatolie Region haes a semi-arid continental climate wi vera hot an dry simmers an cauld an aften snawy winters.

## Tourism
* Tourism information is available in Inglis at the Sootheastren Anatolie Promotion Project steid. 

## See an aw
* Provinces o Turkey

## References

## Freemit airtins
Maastricht

**Maastricht** (  or  ; Limburgish : *Mestreech* ; French: *Maestricht* ; Spaingie: *Mastrique* ) is the caipital ceety o the Dutch province o Limburg. It is located on baith sides o the Meuse river (Dutch: *Maas*), at the pynt whaur the Jeker River (French: *Geer*) joins it.

Maastricht developed frae a Roman settlement tae a releegious centre, a garrison ceity an an early industrial ceity. Nowadays, it is kent as a ceity o history, cultur, local folklore an eddication, an haes the seicont heichest amoont o naitional heritage steids (*[[Rijksmonument]]en*) in the Netherlands efter Amsterdam, nummerin 1677. Furthermair, it haes acome kent, bi wye o the Maastricht Treaty, as the birthplace o the European Union, European citizenship, an the single European currency, the euro.  The toun is popular wi tourists for shoppin an recreation, an haes a lairge growin internaitional student population. Maastricht is a member o the Maist Auncient European Touns Network an is pairt o the Meuse-Rhine Euroregion, which includes nearby ceities Aachen, Eupen, Hasselt, Liège an Tongeren.

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns — Sister ceeties
Maastricht is twinned wi:
*  Liège, Belgium
*  Koblenz, Germany
*  Rama, Nicaragua
*  Chengdu, Cheenae (syne 2012)

### Ither relations
* Maist Auncient European Touns Network

## References
North Yemen

**North Yemen** is a term currently uised tae designate the **[[Yemen Arab Republic]]** (1962–1990), its predecessor, the **[[Mutawakkilite Kinrick o Yemen]]** (1918–1962), an their predecessors that exercised sovereignty ower the territory that is nou the north-wastren pairt o the state o Yemen in soothren Arabie.

Neither state iver sel-designatit as "North Yemen" an the term anerlie came intae general uise when the Federation o Sooth Arabie gained unthirldom as the Fowkrepublic o Yemen in 1967 makkin such a destinction necessary.  Prior tae 1967, baith states wur kent in short form simply as "Yemen."  In 1970, Sooth Yemen chyngit its name tae the Fowkdemocratic Republic o Yemen thus eliminatin ony directional reference in either o the Yemens' offeecial names but the existence o twa Yemens preservit the North Yemen an Sooth Yemen designations in popular parlance.  Alternate forms wur "Yemen (Sana'a)" for North Yemen an "Yemen (Aden)" for Sooth Yemen efter their respective caipital ceeties.

The merger o the twa Yemens in 1990 endit the term's association wi an independent state but "North Yemen" continues tae be uised tae refer tae the aurie o the umwhile Yemen Arab Republic an its history an, anachronistically, tae pre-1967 polities an events (e.g., the Mutawakkilite Kinrick o Yemen or the North Yemen Ceevil War).

## Basic information
*Aurie: 195,000 km² (75,290 sq mi)
*Population (1990 estimate): 7,160,981
*Population density (1990 estimate): 36.7 /km²  (95.1 /sq mi)
*Leid: Arabic
*Caipital: Sana'a
*Currency: North Yemeni rial
*Cawin code: +967
*ISO Country Codes: YE, YEM, 886
*Historical dates:
**Unthirldom frae the Ottoman Empire: 1 November 1918
**Admittit tae the Unitit Naitions: 30 September 1947
**Yemen Arab Republic established: 26 September 1962
**Unification wi Sooth Yemen: 22 Mey 1990

## See an aw
* Yemen
* History o Yemen
* Yemen Arab Republic
* Mutawakkilite Kinrick o Yemen
* Sooth Yemen
* Yemeni unification
Ar Ramtha

**Ar Ramtha**, kent an aw as **Al-Ramtha** () is a ceety situatit in the far northwast o the Hashemite Kinrick o Jordan. It covers 40 km, an haes a population o 120,365 fowk.

## Name
Ar Ramtha is namit efter a local desert plant, Al Ramath (). Durin its occupation bi the Roman Empire, the ceety wis kent as Ramana.

## History

The Roman Empire utilized Ar Ramtha as a remote hub tae cross-link their colonies. The ruins o biggins an auncient Roman antiquities hae been discovered at different pairts o Ar Ramtha. Durin the Islamic expansion, Ar Ramtha, which wis in the Houran territory, wis a port for Muslim scientists crossin atween Sirie an Al-Hijaz. Historically an sociologically, the ceety is the twin tae Daraa ceety in Sirie, which is locatit on the ither side o the border.

## Economy
Ar Ramtha's economy relies on commerce an import an export tradin. The Al Hassan industrial estate hooses several ootsourcin companies supportit bi foreign sharehaulders wi maist o the products sauld tae American an European mercats.

## Cultur
The ceety is famous for the inheritit ritual-poetries recitit in weddin ceremonies an public affairs. Ane o their dances is cried the Dabke for which fowk frae Ar Ramtha are famous. Mijwez muisic oreeginatit in Ar Ramtha. Famous airtists frae Ar Ramtha are Nayef El- Zubi, Hussein Al-Sal man, an Mitaab Al-Sag gar.

## Sport
The ceety is hame tae Al Ramtha an Al Ramtha Unitit, an association fitbaa team that plays in the Jordan Premier League.
the anerlie ceety in Jordan wi twa fitbaa teams.

## Education
The ceety is hame tae the Jordan University o Science an Technology, which includes a lairge University hospital that provides medical treatment in the region, an affers chances tae medical students in the university tae intern an learn durin their study years.

## References
Alternative metal

**Alternative metal** is a genre o alternative rock an hivy metal that gained popularity in the early 1990s. Maist notably, alternative metal baunds are characterized bi hivy guitar riffs an experimental approaches tae hivy muisic.

## Oreegins
Initially alternative metal appealed mainly tae alternative rock fans syne virtually aw 80s alt-metal baunds haed their ruits in the American rock unnergrund scene. Alt-metal baunds commonly emergit frae hardcore punk (Corrosion of Conformity), post-hardcore/noise rock (Helmet, The Jesus Lizard), grunge (Alice in Chains, Soundgarden), or industrial (Ministry, Nine Inch Nails). 

These bands niver formit a destinct muivement or scene; rather they wur bund bi their incorporation o traditional metal influences an openness tae experimentin wi the form. Baunds like Faith No More an Living Colour injectit funk an hip hop intae their brand o alternative metal. 

As the 90s progressed, alternative metal's soond became mair staundartized as newer baunds drew inspiration for the same collective set o influences that includit Faith No More, Rage Against the Machine, Korn, Deftones, Nine Inch Nails an Helmet. The aggressive riffs o Korn, the acoustic ballads o Staind an the rap rock o Limp Bizkit creatit the sonic template for a new muivement which became kent as nu metal. 

## See an aw
* Post-grunge
* Industrial metal
* Funk metal
* Grunge
* Leet o alternative metal airtists

## Sources
* Christe, Ian (2003). *Sound of the Beast: The Complete Headbanging History of Heavy Metal*. HarperCollins. ISBN 0-380-81127-8.

## References

## Freemit airtins
* [ Allmusic.com page for alternative metal]
* Music.com 
* Fanom.ir
Oulu

**Oulu** (pronooncit ,  ) is a ceety an municipality o 141,742 inhabitants (31 Januar 2011) in the region o Northren Ostrobothnie, in Finland. It is the maist populous ceety in Northren Finland an the saxt maist populous ceety in the kintra. It is ane o the northmaist lairger ceeties in the warld.

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns — Sister ceeties
Oulu is twinned wi:

### Friendship ceeties
*  Sendai, Japan (syne 2005)

## References

## Freemit airtins
* Ceety o Oulu  – Offeecial wabsteid
Paulo Jr.

**Paulo Jr.** (born **Paulo Xisto Pinto, Jr.** on 30 Aprile 1968 in Belo Horizonte, Brazil) is the bassist o the Brazilian hivy metal baund Sepultura.

## Life an wirk
In the latter hauf o his career, he haes played 35" 5-string Zon basses, tuned flat. In a 1991 interview for the *Under Siege* concert video, he claims Max an Igor wur so impressit bi his bass ("Wou, what a nice bass, man") that they askit him tae join the band, even though he didna ken hou tae properly play the instrument.

## Discografie
* 1985 - *[[Bestial Devastation]]* 
* 1986 - *[[Morbid Visions]]* 
* 1987 - *[[Schizophrenia (Sepultura album)|Schizophrenia]]* 
* 1989 - *[[Beneath the Remains]]* 
* 1991 - *[[Arise (album)|Arise]]* 
* 1993 - *[[Chaos A.D.]]* 
* 1996 - *[[Roots (Sepultura album)|Roots]]*
* 1998 - *[[Against]]*
* 2001 - *[[Nation]]*
* 2002 - *[[Revolusongs]]*
* 2003 - *[[Roorback]]*
* 2006 - *[[Dante XXI]]*
* 2009 - *[[A-Lex]]*
* 2011 - *[[Kairos (album)|Kairos]]*

## References
Sepultura, *Under Siege*, 1991 The All Blacks B.V.
Province o Palermo

The **Province o Palermo** (; Sicilian: ***Pruvincia di Palermu***) wis a province in the autonomous region o Sicily, a major island in Soothren Italy. Its caipital wis the ceety o Palermo.  On 4 August 2015, it wis replacit bi the Metropolitan Ceety o Palermo.

## History an location

Its name is derivit frae Laitin wird "Panormus". Frae 1072 tae 1194 Palermo wis the caipital o the Kinrick o Sicily afore Naples became the new caipital unner the rule o the French Angevin dynasty. It haes been ruled bi the Romans, Byzantines, Normans an Arabs an aw. Historical accoonts recordin the existence o the province date back tae the 8t an 6t hunderyear B.C. The province is surroondit b Tyrrhenian Sea in the north, Province o Trapani in the wast, the provinces o Agrigento an Caltanissetta in the sooth, Enna in the sootheast an Messina in the east. It is popular for its beaches, namely Mondello. The laund is muntainous an includes Pollina an Imera Valleys. Madonie Range is locatit in the province.

## Admeenistration an demographics

The Province o Palermo haes 82 comuni (see Comunes o the Province o Palermo), 1,249,533 inhabitants, (24.9% o the Sicilian population) an is  (19.4% o the Sicilian territory). Some major touns o the province are Palermo, Alia, Alimena, Sclafani Bagni an Petralia Soprana. In 1840, for the purpose o admeenistration the province wis dividit intae fower destricts &ndash; Palermo, Corleone, Termini an Cefalu.

## References
Rio Grande do Sul

**Rio Grande do Sul** (; lit. "Great River o the Sooth") is the soothmaist state in Brazil, an the state wi the fift heichest Human Development Index (HDI) in the kintra.

In this state is locatit the soothmaist ceety in the kintra, Chuí, on the border wi Uruguay. In the region o Bento Gonçalves an Caxias do Sul, the mucklest wine producin center in Brazil, the attraction is Italian gastronomy. Besides the European influence, the gaúchos, or inhabitants o Rio Grande do Sul, strangly cultivate the traditions o the Pampas &mdash; region o the border wi Uruguay an Argentinae &mdash; such as drinkin mate (kent as chimarrão drunk in special gourd cups), eatin the typical barbecue, kent as churrasco, and the traditional clothes are the bombachas (baggy trousers), buits an muckle hats. Although the majority o the population dresses non-traditionally, there is a widespread value for tradition an cultur, which renders the image o "cultural zealots" sometimes attributed tae the gauchos.

## References

## See an aw

* Brazil
*
Vladimir Oblast

**Vladimir Oblast** (, *Vladimirskaya oblast*) is a federal subject o Roushie (an oblast).  Its administrative center is the ceety o Vladimir, that is locatit  east o Moscow. Population: 1,444,606 (2010 Census preliminar data).

The 12t-century cathedrals o Vladimir, Suzdal, Bogolyubovo, an Kideksha are inscribit on the UNESCO Warld Heritage Leet.

## Geografie
Vladimir Oblast haes mairches wi Moscow, Yaroslavl, Ivanovo, Ryazan, an Nizhny Novgorod Oblasts. The oblast is situate in the centre o the East European Plain. The Klyazma an the Oka are the maist important rivers o oblast. Thare 300 lochs or thareby. The oblast is situate in a zone o mixed wid.

## Admeenistrative diveesions

## Demographics
*Births (2008 ): 15,699 (10.9 per 1000)
*Daiths (2008 ): 27,230 (18.9 per 1000) 

## References
Bestial Devastation

***Bestial Devastation*** is an EP bi Brazilian hivy metal baund Sepultura, released in 1985 throu Cogumelo Records. It is thair first offeecial release, an oreeginally appeared alangside Overdose's *Século XX* as a split album. Later on, it becam the bonus tracks o *[[Morbid Visions]]*' CD version.

## Production values
Acause o Sepultura's collective lack o money, maist o the instruments uised on *Bestial Devastation* wur borraed frae friends an acquaintances.

The vocals on the introductory track "The Curse" wur performit bi a friend o the baund; accordin tae Igor Cavalera:

The baund apparently foucht wi the producer durin the recordin. In an interview, Igor Cavalera said, "(H)e wanted to clean everything up in the mix and we finally had to play him some records by Venom to show him that bands sounded this way."

## Owerview
Months prior tae recordin wha wad eventually acome the *Bestial Devastation* EP, the baund decidit tae switch thair leerics frae Portuguese tae Inglis. Nane o the baund members ken hou tae write or speak the leid, sae thay asked thair friend Lino tae translate thair leerics. Examples o Lino's crude translation skills can be seen in ane o the verses o "Antichrist":

## Reception

*Bestial Devastation* wis released in December 1985, alangside Overdose's *Século XX* EP. Ower the neist few month, it sauld 8,000 copies. Sepultura's surprisin success wis pairtly attributit tae the first *[[Rock in Rio]]*, that teuk place in Rio de Janeiro on Januar 1985. This muisic festival's line-up includit Whitesnake, AC/DC, Iron Maiden, Queen, Ozzy Osbourne an the Scorpions, an wis responsible for Brazil's hard rock / hivy metal boom.

The EP wis later reissued bi Roadrunner Records on ae CD wi *[[Morbid Visions]]* in 1997. The reissue includit a demo version o the sang "Necromancer" that wis the first studio recordin o the baund, an a live version o "Antichrist" frae the *[[Chaos A.D.]]* tour, re-written as "Anticop".

## Track leetin

## Credits
*Max "Possessed" Cavalera – vocals, rhythm guitar
*Jairo "Tormentor" Guedz – lead guitar
*Paulo "Destructor" Jr – bass guitar
*Igor "Skullcrusher" Cavalera – drums, percussion
*Recordit an mixed in twa days on 8 tracks in August 1985 at J. G. Estudios, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
*Producit bi Sepultura
*Back cover photo bi Vânia Cavalera
*Remastered for the Roadrunner Records release bi Michael Sarsfield at Frankford/Wayne, New York, USA

## Notes

## References
* Barcinski, André & Gomes, Silvio (1999). *Sepultura: Toda a História.* São Paulo: Ed. 34. ISBN 85-7326156-0
* Sepultura (1986). *Morbid Visions*. [CD]. New York, NY: Roadrunner Records. The Sepultura Remasters (1997).
Live in São Paulo

***Live In São Paulo*** is the seicont live album bi the Brazilian hivy metal baund Sepultura. Aw the tracks wur recordit on April 3, 2005, at a concert in São Paulo, Brazil. A DVD of the same name wis an aw filmit at the show.

## Track leetin
### Disc ane

### Disc two

*In "Biotech Is Godzilla" the baund plays Led Zeppelin's sang "Dazed and Cofused " frae their 1969 album *[[Led Zeppelin (album)|Led Zeppelin]]*.

## Credits
**Sepultura**
*Derrick Green - vocals, rhythm guitar
*Andreas Kisser - lead guitar, backin vocals
*Paulo Jr. - bass
*Igor Cavalera - drums

**Ither Performers**
*B-Negao - vocals ("Black Steel in the Hour of Chaos")
*Alex Camargo - vocals ("Necromancer")
*João Gordo - vocals ("Reza" an "Biotech is Godzilla")
*Jairo Guedz - guitar ("Troops of Doom" an "Necromancer")
*Zé Gonzáles - turntables ("Black Steel in the Hour of Chaos")

## Freemit airtins
* Sepultura's official website 
* SPV Records' official website 

## References
Wagner Lamounier

**Wagner Moura Lamounier** is a Brazilian economist an muisicker who achieved fame for haein been the oreeginal vocalist o the Brazilian hivy metal baund Sepultura, an for haein creatit an lead the extreme metal baund Sarcófago frae 1985 till it disbanded in 2000.

## Life an career
Lamounier sang briefly wi Sepultura during the early pairt o the baund's career, contributing the lyrics the the sang "Antichrist" (a reference tae his ain moniker) featurt in the baund's earliest releases. He then moved tae his ain project, Sacrofago, which, while less commercially successfu than Sepultura, is universally hailed as a major influence on the maist extreme spectrum o metal muisic, bein revered bi Black, Thrash an Deth metal fans. Lamounier's baund, despite chaging sound an style throu its career, haes never been accuised o "selling out" or the pursuit o commercial success at the detriment or artistic integrity. Ten years efter leaving the baund, he revealed personal information aboot his auld bandmates. In response, Sepultura's umwhile frontman, nou wi Soulfly, Max Cavalera wrote a sang cried "Bumbklatt" aboot him. Lamounier is currently a professor o economic science an appleed statistics at Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais in Belo Horizonte, Brazil.

## Baunds
* Sepultura
* Sarcófago

## References
Voronezh Oblast

**Voronezh Oblast** (, *Voronezhskaya oblast*) is a federal subject o Roushie (an oblast). It wis established on 13 Juin 1934.

## Geography

### Main rivers
*Don
*Voronezh
*Bityug
*Khopyor

## Economy
Voronezh Oblast haes muckle reserves o chalk. The oblast is an industrial an agricultural region. Excavators, brig structurs, an electronic equipment are producit in regional industry.

## Admeenistrative diveesions

## Birth rate
For the first half o 2007, the birth rate wis 8.4 per 1,000
*Births (2008): 22,178 

## References

## Freemit airtins
*
* Offeecial wabsteid o Voronezh Oblast
Ad Dali'

**Ad Dali**' () is a caipital toun o Ad Dali' Govrenorate in soothwastren Yemen. It is locatit at aroond , in the elevation o aroond 1500 metres.
Al Bayda', Yemen

**Al Bayda**', an aw transliteratit as **Al-Baidhah** or **Beida** (), no tae be mixed wi al-Bayda' in al-Jawf, the auncient *Nashqum*) is a toun in central Yemen an the capital o the Govrenorate o Al Bayda'.  It is locatit 130 mile SE o Sanaa, at .

Its population, accordin tae the 2004 Yemeni census, wis 571,778.

## Freemit airtins
* Map of Yemen, showiung Al Beyda's location
* Information about Al Bayda' 

## References
*
Al Mahwit

**Al Mahwit** () is the caipital ceety o Al Mahwit Govrenorate, Yemen. It is locatit at aroond , at an elevation o aboot 2000 metres.

## References
Al Hazm, Yemen

**Al Hazm** or **Al-Hazm** is a toun in Al Jawf Govrenorate o Yemen. It is the caipital toun o baith the Al Jawf Govrenorate an Al Hazm Destrict. It is locatit northwast o the ceety o Ma'rib an soothwast o Sa'dah. In the late 1980s a heich-gate wis built through Al Hazm, leadin tae Baraqish an Ma'in tae the sooth tae Ma'rib.Yemen wis reportit bi OPEC tae hae receivit a $5m loan for the road project on 11 Mey 1987. It is servit bi Al Hazm Airport. Al Hazm haes been mentioned in numerous publications as being connectit wi Al Qaeda.

## References
Ingushetie

The **Monarch o Ingushetie** (, *Monarcha Ingushetiya*;  **) is a federal subject o Roushie (a republic), locatit in the North Caucasus region wi its caipital at Magas. In terms o aurie, the republic is the smawest o Roushie's federal subjects except for the twa federal ceeties, Moscow an Saunt Petersburg. It wis established on 4 Juin 1992 efter the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic wis split in twa. The republic is hame tae the indigenous Ingush, a fowk o Vainakh ancestry. Population: 

The name "Ingushetie" is derivit frae an auncient veelage o Ongusht (renamit in 1859 tae Tarskaya an in 1944 transferred tae North Ossetie-Alanie) an the Georgie endin *-eti*, aw thegither meanin "(land) whaur the *Ingush* live".

Ingushetie is ane o Roushie's poorest an maist restive regions. The ongoin military conflict in neighbourin Chechnie haes occasionally spilled intae Ingushetie, an the republic haes been destabilised bi corruption, a nummer o heich-profile creemes (includin kidnappin an murther o ceevilians bi govrenment security forces), anti-govrenment protests, attacks on sodgers an officers, Roushie military excesses an a deteriorating human richts situation.

## Famous fowk
*Issa Kostoyev, polisman who captured serial killer Andrei Chikatilo.
*Magomed Sagov, ingineer
*Ismail Esmurziev, ingineer
*Rakhim Chakkhiev, boxer 
*Nazyr Mankiev, warstler

## See an aw
*Muisic o Ingushetie
*Ceevil war in Ingushetie

## References

## Freemit airtins

*
Josh Kalis

**Josh Kalis** (born 27 Aprile 1976, in Grand Rapids, Michigan) is a professional street skatebuirder.

Kalis wis sponsored bi Alien Workshop for a lang while, but switched his buird sponsor tae DGK in 2009. Kalis wis said tae hae felt like an ootcast on Alien bi mony o his umwhile teammates.

## References

Josh Kalis is a professional skatebuirder. He is sponsored bi DGK, DC Shoes, Gold Wheels, an Silver Trucks. In Januar 2010, EA Blackbox annooncit Kalis wad be in their video gemme, Skate 3.
Although Kalis wis professional afore this, he is maist weel kent for being a central pairt o the legendary LOVE pairk scene in Philadelphia durin the late 90's. 
Unlike maist professionals, Kalis haes no stayed in Californie throughoot his career an his muivit tae mony ceeties that are no as weel kent for their skate scenes. He haes livit in Grand Rapids Michigan (whaur he grew up), Chicago, Philadelphia, Dallas, San Diego, an San Francisco.

## Freemit airtins
*EXPN Biography
*Josh Kalis Subpublic Profile
Torey Pudwill

**Torey Jamison Pudwill** (born 2 Mey 1990), also known by his nickname **T-Puds**, is an American professional street skeitchbuirder.

## Sponsors
His sponsors include Plan B Skateboards, DVS Footwear, Select Wheels, Matix Clothing, Venture Trucks, Grizzly Griptape, Diamond Supply Company, CCS Mailorder, Primitive Skateshop, an Skatelab Skatepark.

## Brands
Pudwill is the awner o Grizzly Griptape, which is distributit through Diamond Supply Company.

## References

## Freemit airtins
* Offeecial Grizzly Griptape wabsteid
* 
* Torey Pudwill  at ESPN
Al Hudaydah

**Al Hudaydah** (an aw cried **Hudaida** or **Hodeidah**) () is the fowert lairgest ceety in Yemen wi a population o 400,000 fowk, an the centre o Al Hudaydah Govrenorate.

## Owerview
Situatit on the Reid Sea, it is an important port, exportin coffee, cotton, dates, an hides. It wis developit as a seaport in the mid-19t century bi the Ottoman Turks.

In 1914 durin the Warld War I German troops led bi Major Freiherr Othmar von Stotzingen established a wireless station at Al Hudaydah which wis uised durin the Arab Revolt tae relay communications frae Constantinople tae German East Africae as well as broadcast propaganda tae the Sudan, Somaliland an Abyssinie.

The ceety wis briefly occupeed bi Saudi forces durin the Saudi-Yemeni War o 1934.

Efter a disastrous fire in Januar 1961 destroyed hintle o the ceety, it wis rebuilt, pairticularly the port facilities, wi Soviet aid. A heich-gate tae Sana'a, the caipital, wis completit in 1961. Hudaydah wis the steid o a Soviet naval base in the 1970s an 1980s.

The ceety haes a lairge number o historical places, pairticularly in Zabid, which is regarded as ane o the maist important Islamic touns in the warld. The ceety is no lairge but it haes mair nor 100 auld mosques. Furthermair, the ceety uised tae hae an auld university which is as auld as al-Azhar.

The Malay writer Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir visitit Al Hudaydah on his pilgrimage tae Mecca in 1854, an describes the ceety in his accoont o the journey, mentionin that the custom o chewin khat wis prevalent in the ceety at this time.

## Notes
Dhamar, Yemen

**Dhamar** () is the caipital o Dhamar Govrenorate in soothwastren Yemen.

## Owerview
Dhamar is situatit 100&nbsp;km tae the sooth o Sana'a, north o Ibb, an wast o Al-Beidha, 2700 m abuin sea level. Its name “Dhamar” goes back tae the keeng o Sheba an Dou-Reddan at 15-35 AD. whose name wis Dhamar Ali Yahber, an whose statue wis foond at the ceety o Al-Nakhla Al-Hamra’a ("The Red Palm"). This ceety is ane o the aircheological steids that are foond near Dhamar.

The ceety o Dhamar is the caipital o the govrenorate an is situatit on the main road, which connects Sana’a wi a nummer o ither govrenorates. This ceety wis ane o the famous Arabic an Islamic cultur an scienteefic centers in Yemen. Its Great Mosque wis biggit in the period o the caliph Abi-Bakr Al-Sadeek.

As Dhamar ceety haed a great role in the poleetical an tradin life in Yemen. It haed a vera important historical role in Yemen afore the Islamic age. The antique Yemeni engravins mentioned Dhamar as bein a vera famous centre o the Islamic studies an sciences, an mony o the great scientists are attributit tae this historical toun.

In past times, the fowk o Dhamar war famous for bringin up horse; the ceety wis an early centre o horse-breedin in Arabie. The toun is still famous in Yemen for its numerous historical mosques an schuils, which are distinguished bi thair bonnie characteristic airchitectur in harmony wi the colours o its volcano land.

The ceety o Dhamar, in the centre o the Dhamar basin, is o auncient oreegin. It wis biggit bi the legendary Himyarite Keeng Dhamar Ali, renouned for restorin the great dam o Ma’rib. Dhamar is the anerlie toun in northren Yemen, which is no surroondit bi a waw or naitural defensive formations; it is juist a dounset on the plains. Centrally situatit wi guid connections tae the nearbi govrenorates, the toun haes prospered as a Wadensday mercat an meetin place for tribes livin nearbi.

It is hame tae the University o Dhamar the lairgest varsity in the kintra.
Ibb

**Ibb** (or **Abb**) () is a ceety in Yemen, the caipital o Ibb Govrenorate, situatit on a muntain ridge, surroondit bi fertile land an is kent as "The Green Ceety".  It is locatit aboot 73 mile (117&nbsp;km) north-east o Mocha.  Ibb wis govrened bi a semi-autonomous emir till 1944, when the emirate wis abolished.  The population is 160,000 (2005).

Ibb is bordered bi several govrenorates, frae the north wi Dhamar, sooth wi Ta'izz an Ad Dali', east wi Al Bayda', an wast wi Al Hudaydah.

The main Fitbaa team is Al Sha'ab Ibb.

## Geography

The region o Ibb featurs mony notable muntains such as Ba'dan, which owerleuks maist o the ceety, as well as Sumarah, Bany Muslim, Dhafar, Ammar.

## Population

Accordin tae the results o the general census o population, hoosin an facilities for the year 1994, the population o Ibb Province haes reached 1,665,054.

Residents o this ceety hae the same social features as the rest o the Yemeni population. Housomeivver, their jobs differ frae ane destrict tae anither accordin tae the geographic an agricultural featurs. Maist residents (70%) wirk in fields, an maist o them centers in the ceety an muntains like Alsuhool an Maytam. But maist fowk frae this ceety emigratit tae ither Arab kintras, such as Saudi Arabie, or the Unitit States. The sum o those emigrants frae Ibb Province alane reached 192,222.

## Climate
Ibb haes a ceul continental climate, variet in the muntainous heichlands an mild in the central plains, while it's wairm in the soothren an wastren regions. It rains ower maist pairts o the govrenorate. A simmer saisonal rainfaw in maist destricts reach tae 800–1200&nbsp;mm.

## Famous fowk frae the ceety

* Abdul Aziz Al-Maqaleh - poet an writer. 
* Abdul Rahman al-Iryani - umwhile Preses o Yemen.
* Brian "The Lion" Mihtar - professional boxer.
* Abdul Majeed al-Zindani - foonder an heid o the Iman University.
* Amal al-Sadah - wife o Osama bin Laden.

## References
Hajjah

**Hajjah** () is the caipital ceety o Hajjah Govrenorate in northwastren Yemen. It is located 127 kilometres northwast o Sana'a, at an elevation o aboot 1800 metres. As o 2003, the Hajjah Ceety Destrict haed a population o 53,887 inhabitants.

## References
Korzus

**Korzus** is a Brazilian thrash metal baund, formit in 1983 in São Paulo. They are ane o the auldest an maist important baunds o the Brazilian thrash metal scene, alang wi baunds like Sarcófago an Sepultura. Their first release wis issued in the seminal metal compilation cried SP Metal on Baratos Afins label back in 1985.  

They chyngit the lineup a lot o times syne the birth o the baund, but three members, Marcello Pompeu (on vocals), Silvio Golfetti (on guitars) an Dick (on bass guitar) remained.
The classic lineup o the baund (1988–1992) wis Marcello Pompeu (vocals), Silvio Golfetti (guitars), Marcelo Nicastro (guitars), Dick (bass) an Roberto Betão Sileci (drums, replacin Zema who committit suicide in 1988).

## Discography
* *Korzus Live* (1985)
* *Sonho Maníaco* (1987)
* *Pay For Your Lies* (1989)
* *Mass Illusion* (1991)
* *KZS* (1994)
* *Live At Monsters Of Rock* (1998)
* *Ties Of Blood* (2004)
* *Discipline of Hate* (2010)
Ali Abdullah Saleh

Field Mairshal **Ali Abdullah Saleh** (21 Mairch 1942 - 4 December 2017) wis the first Preses o the Republic o Yemen. Saleh wis the last Preses o the Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen) frae 1978 till 1990 an aw, at which time he assumit the office o chairman o the Presidential Cooncil o a post-unification Yemen. He wis the langest-servin preses o Yemen, rulin frae 1978 tae 2012. He signed a greement in November 2011 that cried for him tae relinquish office bi Februar 2012.

## References
Metamorphosis

**Metamorphosis** is a biological process bi which an animal pheesically develops efter birth or hatchin, involvin a conspicuous an relatively abrupt chynge in the animal's body structur throu cell growth an differentiation. Some insects, amphibians, molluscs, crustaceans, Cnidarians, echinoderms an tunicates unnergo metamorphosis, which is uisually accompaniet bi a chynge o habitat or behavior.

Scienteefic uisage o the term is exclusive, an is no applee'd tae general aspects o cell growth, includin rapid growth spurts. References tae "metamorphosis" in mammals are imprecise an anerlie colloquial, but historically idealist ideas o transformation an monadology, as in Goethe's *[[Metamorphosis o Plants]]*, influencit the development o ideas o evolution.

## Etymology
The wird "metamorphosis" derives frae Greek , "transformation, transformin", frae  (**'), "chynge" +  (**'), "form".

## References

* Davies, R.G., "Outlines of Entomology", Chapman an Hall: chapter 3
* Williamson D I (2003). "The Origins of Larvae", xviii + 261 pp, ISBN 1-4020-1514-3. Kluwer. Dordrecht.

## Freemit airtins
* Description of metamorphosis and its different forms
* Info on butterflies and butterfly metamorphosis
* Info on insect hormones
Danny Way

**Danny Way** (born 15 Aprile 1974 in Portland, Oregon) is an American professional skeitchbuirder. In 2005 he ran as the first skeitchbuirder athoot motorized aid ower the Great Waw o Cheenae.

## Life
At age 16, he wis awready sponsored bi H-Way Street, which he suin left. Although he briefly readoptit that sponsor, he left a year later tae wirk wi H-Street Co-foonder Mike Ternasky tae form a separate company cried Plan B. Way wis the 1991 Skater of the Year in Thrasher magazine. A series o videos wur producit till he wis in a surfin accident brake his neck.

In 1995 he came back tae the sport an wan the Tampa Pro Vert Competition, twa years later he brak the warld record for the heichest jump on a skatebuird. Atween 1999 an 2002 he haed tae unnergo several surgeries (five knee an twa shoulder operations), which ran aw but successful. He then constructit the first Megaramp in which he set anither record at a hicht o 5.6 m.

On 19 Juin 2003 he exhibitit at the seicont reconstruction o the ramp tae ither records, includin heichest Christ Air, heichest McTwist an heichest Fast Plant. The video fuitage appeared on the best-sellin DC Video. In the saxt Transworld Skateboarding Awards, he wan the title for best athletes in the Vert-style. In 2004 he wan the first Big Air Contest at X Games in Los Angeles, whaur he an aw brak records again (new distance record). In the same year he wis namit Skater of the Year for the seicont time this year bi Thrasher magazine.

On 9 June 2005, he became the first man tae jump athoot motorized assistance, uisin anerlie his skatebuird on the Great Waw o Cheenae. A year later he wan gowd again at the X-Games in the Big Air discipline by jumping over a pit 70 feet long (Gap), the maneuver was rounded off with a backflip.

In the 14t X-Games in 2008, Way injurt baith shins on the edge o the quairterpipe. Although he coud anerlie hobble wi the help o the ramp, he jumped a few minutes later, the plannit trick, feenishin in seicont place.

Way haes lang been sponsored bi DC Shoes, which wis co-foondit bi his brither. Therefore, amaist ivery year he gets his awn pro model, which is sauld warldwide.

He is featurt in EA Black Box gemmes Skate, Skate 2 an Skate 3.

## Freemit airtins

* Danny Way Offeecial Steid 
* Videos frae 2008's X Games