Ar'ara

**'Ar'ara** (; ) ("juniper tree"), is an Arab toun in the Wadi Ara region in northren Israel. It is locatit sooth o Umm al-Fahm juist northwast o the Green Line an is pairt o the  Triangle. In  the population wis .

## History
Burial complexes frae the Roman period bi Ar'ara hae been excavatit, revealin clay lamps an gless vessels an beads, commonly uised in the 1st tae 4t century C.E..  A few clay fragments frae the Mamluk period hae been foond at the same location.

In the Crusader period, the place wis kent as  "Castellum Arearum". In the land-allocation made bi sultan Baybars in 663 H. (1265-1266 C.E.), Ar'ara wis shared atween his amirs Ala' al-Din an Sayf al-Din Bayhaq al-Baghdadi.

Ar'ara, lik the rest o Palestine, wis incorporatit intae the Ottoman Empire in 1517, an in 1596, Ar'ara appeared in Ottoman tax registers as bein in the *[[Nahiya]]* o Shara o the *[[Liwa (Arabic)|Liwa]]* o Lajjun.  It haed a population o 8 Muslim hoosehaulds an peyed taxes on wheat, barley, summercrops, olives, an goats or beehives.

Bi the aichteent century, the veelage remained in the admeenistrative destrict o Lajjun, but the revenue o the place wis fermit for the Mutasarrıf o Jaffa.  In the late nineteent century, the steid wis describit as: A veelage o moderate size on heich grund, wi a spring tae the east, a seicont tae the wast an a well tae the sooth. Thare are rock cut tombs near. The population is statit bi Consul Rogers (1859) as 400, the cultivation then bein 30 feddans.

At the time o the 1931 census, Ar'ara haed 150 occupee'd hooses an a population o 971 Muslims.

Ar'ara wis transferred frae Jordanian tae Israeli jurisdiction in 1949 unner the Rhodes airmistice greements. The neebourin veelage o ʿAra wis mergit wi Ar'ara in 1985.

In 1945, Ar'ara an Arah haed a population o 2,290 an a laund aurie o 29,537 dunums.  Bi 1962 the aurie haed been reducit tae 7,269 dunums, pairtly due tae expropriations o 8,236 dunums bi the Israeli govrenment in 1953–54. Ane case o expropriation frae a private laundawner namit Younis became a test case afore the Heich Court o Israel in 1953. The laund haed been confiscatit bi the govrenment athoot notifyin the awner. In 1954 the court ruled that the law did no require the awner tae be notifee'd an did no provide a richt for the awner tae contest the confiscation in advance. This rulin an ane ither effectively endit the possibility o laund awners uisin the courts tae contest the confiscation o thair laund.

## Maqam Shaykh Khalaf
Maqam Shaykh Khalaf is the anerlie biggin which wis notit bi the antiquities authorities in the Mandate aurie, an it is locatit on a slope bi the heichest pynt in the veelage, set in the middle o extensive graveyards. The Maqam is a single rectangular chamber, covered bi a dome. The twa tap courses are chamfered towards the dome. On the north side is a doorwey, an dooble windae set inside shallae airches. Thare is a set o windaes on the wast side an aw. Inside thare are three cenotaphs, locatit east-wast, close tae the wast waw. A mihrab is locatit on the sooth waw. The date o the biggin is no kent, but accordin tae A. Petersen (who inspectit the place in 1994), the airchitectur indicate an aichteent or early nineteent century date.

## See an aw
*Leet o Arab localities in Israel

## References

### Bibliografie

*Abel, F.-M., (1967), *Geographie de la Palestine,* 2 vols. 3ed. Paris, (II, p.&nbsp;88)
*Baedeker, K., 1867, *Palestine and Syria. A Handbook for Travellers,* Dulan & Co., Lunnon ( p.&nbsp;299)
*Cohen, A. (1973), *Palestine in the Eighteenth Century: Patterns of Government and Administration,* Hebrew Varsity, Jerusalem. Cited in Petersen, (2002)
*Conder, Claude Reignier an H.H. Kitchener  (1881): *[http://www.archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp02conduoft The Survey of Western Palestine: memoirs of the topography, orography, hydrography, and archaeology].* Lunnon:Committee o the Palestine Exploration Fund. **vol 2** 
*Gorzalczany,  Amir, Shireen Mahajna  an Abdallah Massarwa (12/3/2009); ‘Ar‘ara (Southwest) Final Report,  Hadashot Arkheologiyot, no.121
*Hartmann, R., (1910), 'Die Strasse von Damascus nach Kairo', ZDMG (=Zeitschrift des Deutschen Morgenlandische Gesellschaft), 64, ( pp.&nbsp;665–702) (p.&nbsp;700)
*Massarwa,  Abdallah (24/12/2007): Ar‘ara Final Report,  Hadashot Arkheologiyot, no.119
*Massarwa,  Abdallah  (12/3/2009): ‘Ar‘ara (Southwest) Final Report,  Hadashot Arkheologiyot, no.121
*Massarwa,  Abdallah (6/7/2011): Ar‘ara Final Report,  Hadashot Arkheologiyot, no.123
*Palmer, E. H. (1881): *[http://www.archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft The survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English name lists collected during the survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and explained by E.H. Palmer.]* 
*Petersen, Andrew (2002), *[http://www.amazon.com/dp/0197270115 A Gazetteer of Buildings in Muslim Palestine: Volume I (British Academy Monographs in Archaeology)]*  (p.&nbsp;94 )
*Robinson, Edward,  Eli Smith (1841): *[http://books.google.com/books?id=PevVH9M2VwcC Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the Year 1838]*, Published bi Crocker & Brewster, Item notes:**v.2** ( p.618 )

## Freemit airtins
*Welcome To 'Ar'ara