open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Cary Grant

**Cary Grant** (born **Archibald Alexander Leach**; Januar 18, 1904 – November 29, 1986) wis an Inglis-American actor who acame an American ceetizen in 1942. Kent for his transatlantic accent, debonair demeanor an "dashin guid leuks", Grant is considered ane o classic Hollywid's definitive leadin men.

Grant wis named the seicont Greatest Male Starn o Aw Time (efter Humphrey Bogart) bi the American Film Institute. He wis kent for baith comedic an dramatic roles; his best-kent films include *[[The Awful Truth]]* (1937), *[[Bringing Up Baby]]* (1938), *[[Gunga Din (film)|Gunga Din]]* (1939), *[[The Philadelphia Story (film)|The Philadelphia Story]]* (1940), *[[His Girl Friday]]* (1940), *[[Arsenic and Old Lace (film)|Arsenic and Old Lace]]* (1944), *[[Notorious (1946 film)|Notorious]]* (1946), *[[The Bishop's Wife]]* (1947), *[[To Catch a Thief (film)|To Catch a Thief]]* (1955), *[[An Affair to Remember]]* (1957), *[[North by Northwest]]* (1959), an *[[Charade (1963 film)|Charade]]* (1963).

Nominatit twice for the Academy Awaird for Best Actor (*[[Penny Serenade]]* an *[[None But the Lonely Heart]]*) an five times for a Gowden Globe Awaird for Best Actor, Grant wis continually passed ower. In 1970, he wis presented an Honorary Oscar at the 42nt Academy Awairds bi Frank Sinatra "for his unique mastery o the airt o screen actin wi the respect an affection o his colleagues".

## References
Ingrid Bergman

**Ingrid Bergman** (29 August 191529 August 1982) wis a Swadish actress who starred in a variety o European an American films. She wan three Academy Awards, twa Emmy Awairds, fower Gowden Globe Awairds an the Tony Awaird for Best Actress. She is ranked as the fowerth greatest female starn o American cinema o aw time bi the American Film Institute. She is best remembered for her roles as Ilsa Lund in *[[Casablanca (film)|Casablanca]]* (1942), a Warld War II drama co-starrin Humphrey Bogart, an as Alicia Huberman in *[[Notorious (1946 film)|Notorious]]* (1946), an Alfred Hitchcock thriller co-starrin Cary Grant.

## References
Audrey Hepburn

**Audrey Hepburn** (born **Audrey Kathleen Ruston**; 4 Mey 1929 – 20 Januar 1993) wis a Breetish actress an humanitarian. Recognised as baith a film an fashion icon, Hepburn wis active durin Hollywid's Gowden Age. She wis ranked bi the American Film Institute as the third greatest female screen legend in the history o American cinema an haes been placed in the International Best Dressed List Haw o Fame. She is regardit bi mony tae be the maist naiturally beautiful woman o aw time.

## References
William Holden

**William Holden** (Aprile 17, 1918 &ndash; November 12, 1981) wis an American actor. Ane o the maist popular movie starns o aw time, Holden wis ane o the biggest box affice draws o the 1950s. Holden wan the Academy Awaird for Best Actor in 1953 for his role in *[[Stalag 17]]*, an a Primetime Emmy Awaird for Ootstaundin Lead Actor for his role in the 1973 telly film *[[The Blue Knight (film)|The Blue Knight]]*.

Holden starred in some o the maist popular an critically acclaimed films o aw time, includin sic blockbusters as *[[Sunset Boulevard (film)|Sunset Boulevard]]*, *[[The Bridge on the River Kwai]]*, *[[The Wild Bunch]]*, *[[The Towering Inferno]]*, an *[[Network (film)|Network]]*. He wis named ane o the "Tap 10 Starns o the Year" sax times (1954–1958, 1961), an appeared on the American Film Institute's AFI's 100 Years…100 Stars leet as nummer 25.

## References
Garbagnate Milanese

**Garbagnate Milanese** is a *[[comune]]* (municipality) in the Province o Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, locatit aboot 15&nbsp;km northwast o Milan.

Garbagnate Milanese borders the follaein municipalities: Caronno Pertusella, Cesate, Lainate, Senago, Arese, Bollate, Baranzate.

Garbagnate receivit the honorar title o ceety wi a presidential decree on 25 Februar 1985.

## References

## Freemit airtins
* Offeecial wabsteid
Senago

**Senago** is a *[[comune]]* (municipality) in the Province o Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, locatit aboot 13&nbsp;km north o Milan. As o 31 Dizember 2004, it haed a population o 20,199 an a aurie o 8.6&nbsp;km².

Senago borders the follaein municipalities: Limbiate, Cesate, Paderno Dugnano, Garbagnate Milanese, Bollate.

## Demographic evolution

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## References


## Freemit airtins
* www.comune.senago.mi.it/
Baranzate

**Baranzate**, Umwhile a *[[frazione]]* o the commune o Bollate, is a commune (i.e. a municipality or *comune*) in the Province o Milan in the Italian region Lombardy. It wis creatit in 2004 efter its previous establishment, in 2001, haed been declared unconstitutional. It is locatit aboot 8&nbsp;km northwast o Milan. As o 31 Dizember 2004, it haed a population o 11,227 an a aurie o 2.8&nbsp;km².

Baranzate borders the follaein municipalities: Bollate, Milan, Novate Milanese.

## History
Prior tae 2001 Baranzate wis a *[[frazione]]* o the commune o Bollate. It wis established as a commune in its awn richt in November o that year bi the promulgation o a regional law. In 2003 this law wis declared unconstitutional bi the Constitutional Court o Italy, the establishment o the new commune wis annulled an Barazate became ance mair a *frazione* o Bollate. In Mey 2004 a new regional law re-established the Commune o Baranzate.

## References


## Freemit airtins
* www.comune.baranzate.mi.it/
Novate Milanese

**Novate Milanese** is a *[[comune]]* (municipality) in the Province o Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, locatit aboot 8&nbsp;km northwest o Milan. As o 31 Dizember 2010, it haed a population o 20,201 an a aurie o 5.5&nbsp;km².

Novate Milanese borders the follaein municipalities: Bollate, Baranzate, Cormano, Milan.

Novate receivit the honorar title o ceety wi a presidential decree on 16 Januar 2004.

## Transport

Novate Milanese haed a station on the Milan-Saronno railwey an it is servit bi S1 an S3 lines o Milan Transportation System.
A bus line, operatit bi ATM, connect Novate Milanese an Affori.

## Demographic evolution

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## References


## Freemit airtins
* www.comune.novate-milanese.mi.it
Cormano

**Cormano** is a *[[comune]]* (municipality) in the Province o Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, locatit aboot 9&nbsp;km north o Milan.

Cormano borders the follaein municipalities: Paderno Dugnano, Bollate, Cusano Milanino, Bresso, Novate Milanese, Milan. It is servit bi Cormano-Brusuglio railwey station.

## References


## Freemit airtins
*Offeecial wabsteid
Ariccia

**Ariccia** (Latin **Aricia**) is a toun an *[[comune]]* in the Province o Roum, central Italy. It is in the Alban Hills o the Lazio (Latium) region an cold be considered an extension o Roum's sootheastren suburbs. Ane o the Castelli Romani touns, Ariccia is locatit in the regional pairk kent as the "Parco Regionale dei Castelli Romani".

## Twin touns
* Cournon-d'Auvergne, Fraunce
* Lichtenfels, Germany
* Prestwick, Unitit Kinrick

## References

## Freemit airtins
Gallicano nel Lazio

**Gallicano nel Lazio** is a *[[comune]]* (municipality) in the Province o Roum in the Italian region Lazio, locatit aboot 25&nbsp;km east o Roum at the fit o the Monti Prenestini.

## History
In Roman times, it wis kent as *Pedum*. A castle is mentioned here in 984 AD, cried *Castrum Gallicani*. Here, a Benedictine monastery grew in the follaein year, later awned bi the abbey o San Paolo fuori le Mura. Gallicano frae the 13t century it wis a possession o the Colonna faimily, an Pape Martin V (a Colonna) ludged here in 1424.

In 1501 the Borgia conquered it, though it wis returned tae the Colonna efter the deith o the pape Alexander VI. The castle wis destroyed in 1526 and rebiggit fower year later. In 1622, the Ludovisi faimily acquired Gallicano, follaed bi the Rospigliosi Pallavicini in 1633, wha held it til 1839.

## References

## Freemit airtins
* Offeecial wabsteid
Colonna

**Colonna** is an Italian wird for column. The name **Colonna** mey refer tae:

## Places
;Italy
* Colonna, Lazio, a *comune* in the Province o Roum
* Colonna, Roum, a *rione* in Roum
* Capo Colonna, a cape o Calabrie.
* Palazzo Colonna, a palatial block o biggins in central Roum
* Castel Colonna, a *comune* in the Province o Ancona

## Ither uisses
* Colonna (surname)
* Colonna faimily, a pouerful noble faimily in medieval an renaissance Roum
* Colonna (teepface)
The Bridge on the River Kwai

***The Bridge on the River Kwai*** is a 1957 Breetish-American Warld War II film directit bi David Lean, based on the eponymous French novel (1952) bi Pierre Boulle. The film is a wirk o fiction but borrows the construction o the Burma Railway in 1942&ndash;43 for its historical settin. It starns William Holden, Jack Hawkins, Alec Guinness an Sessue Hayakawa. The film wis filmed in Ceylon (nou kent as Sri Lanka). The bridge in the film wis locatit near Kitulgala.

The film achieved near-universal creetical acclaim, winnin seiven Academy Awairds (includin Best Picture) at the 30t Academy Awards, an in 1997 this film wis deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically signieeficant" an selectit for preservation in the Unitit States Library o Congress National Film Registry. It is widely considered tae be ane o the greatest films o aw time.

## References
Casablanca (film)

***Casablanca*** is a 1942 American romantic drama film directit bi Michael Curtiz an based on Murray Burnett an Joan Alison's un-produced stage play *[[Everybody Comes to Rick's]]*. The film starns Humphrey Bogart, Ingrid Bergman, an Paul Henreid; an features Claude Rains, Conrad Veidt, Sydney Greenstreet, Peter Lorre, an Dooley Wilson. Set durin Warld War&nbsp;II, it focuses on a man torn atween, in the wirds o ane character, "love an virtue". He must chuise atween his luve for a wumman an helpin her Czech Resistance leader guidman escape the Vichy-controlled Moroccan ceety o Casablanca tae continue his fecht against the Nazis.

## References
Rocca Santo Stefano

**Rocca Santo Stefano** is a *[[comune]]* (municipality) in the Province o Roum in the Italian region Lazio, locatit aboot 45&nbsp;km east o Roum. 

Rocca Santo Stefano borders the follaein municipalities: Affile, Bellegra, Canterano, Gerano, Subiaco.

## References
Casape

**Casape** is a *[[comune]]* (municipality) in the Province o Roum in the Italian region Lazio, locatit aboot 30&nbsp;km east o Roum, on the wastren slopes o the Monti Prenestini.

Casape borders the follaein municipalities: Capranica Prenestina, Poli, San Gregorio da Sassola.

## References
Poli

**Poli** can refer tae:

## Fuid
* *[[Puran Poli]]*, a bread made up o Wheat flour an Puran (sweet ceukit gram paste)
* *[[Chapati]]*, Poli is a Marathi name o bread made up o Wheat flour

## Organisations
* FC Timişoara Romanie first league fitbaa club
* FC Politehnica Iasi Romanie first league fitbaa club
* A shortname o the Instituto Politécnico Superior
* A shortname for the Naitional Polytechnic Institute (*Instituto Politécnico Nacional*) the seicont lairgest varsity in Mexico

## Fowk
* Poli (surname), bodies surnamit Poli
* Hipólito Fernández Serrano, Spainyie fitbawer 
* Andrea Poli, Italian fitbawer 
* Mario Poli, a Roman Catholic bishop frae Argentinae

## Places
* Poli, Cameroon
* Poli, Jiaonan (泊里镇), toun in Shandong, Cheenae
* Poli, Andika, a veelage in Khuzestan Province, Iran
* Poli, Lali, a veelage in Khuzestan Province, Iran
* Poli, Lazio, Italy
* Poli, the plural form o polis
* Shortened version o Konstantinopolis (Constantinople), medieval name for Istanbul
* Poli (Tanzanie waird), a waird in Tanzanie

## Ither uisses
* POLI, human gene
* Short for Politics or Poleetical Science
* Poli payments, an online payment service direct frae consumer bank accoonts in UK, Australie, New Zealand, an Sooth Africae
Metropolitan Borough of Solihull

The **Metropolitan Borough of Solihull** is a metropolitan burgh o the Wast Midlands, in wast-central Ingland. It is namit efter its lairgest toun, Solihull, frae which Solihull Metropolitan Borough Council is based. For Eurostat purposes it is a NUTS 3 region (code UKG32) an is ane o seiven burghs or unitar destricts that comprise the "Wast Midlands" NUTS 2 region. Hintle o the lairge residential population in the north o the burgh centres on the commonties o Castle Bromwich, Chelmsley Wood, Fordbridge, Kingshurst, Marston Green an Smith's Wood. In the sooth are the touns o Solihull an Shirley.

Syne 2011, Solihull haes formit pairt o the Greater Birmingham & Solihull Local Enterprise Partnership alang wi neebourin authorities Birmingham, Bromsgrove, Cannock Chase, East Staffordshire, Lichfield, Redditch, Tamworth an Wyre Forest.

## Economy
Solihull is regardit as haeing ane o the strangest subregional economies in the Wast Midlands, wi a significantly heicher nominal GVA per caipita an Silhillians enjoyin considerably heicher disposable income rates than baith regional an UK averages.

Analysis shows Solihull as haein the lawest (an fastest fawin) claimant coont for Jobseeker's Allowance in the region an aw.

This is a chairt o trend o regional gross value addit o Solihull at current basic prices published  (pp.&nbsp;240–253) bi *Office for Naitional Statistics* wi figurs in millions o Breetish Poonds Sterling.

 includes huntin an forestry

 includes energy an construction

 includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured

 Components mey no sum tae totals due tae roondin

### Dounsets in Solihull

:*See an aw [[Leet o auries in Solihull]]*

Localities in the burgh include:

*Balsall, Balsall Common, Barston, Bentley Heath, Berkswell, Bickenhill, Blossomfield
*Castle Bromwich, Catherine-de-Barnes, Chadwick End, Chelmsley Wood, Cheswick Green, Coleshill Heath, Copt Heath
*Dickens Heath, Dorridge
*Elmdon, Elmdon Heath
*Fordbridge
*Hampton-in-Arden, Hockley Heath
*Kingshurst, Knowle
*Lyndon
*Marston Green, Meriden, Monkspath Street
*Olton
*Packwood
*Sharmans Cross, Shirley, Silhill, Smith's Wood, Solihull
*Temple Balsall, Tidbury Green
*Whitlock's End

## References



## Freemit airtins

*Solihull Metropolitan Borough Council
Poli, Lazio

**Poli** is a toun an *[[comune]]* in Lazio, central Italy. It is locatit in the Monti Prenestini aurie. It is the birthplace o Pape Innocent XIII an Cardinal Agostino Vallini an aw.

## Main sichts
**Palazzo Conti*' (13t-14h centuries)
*Kirk o *Santo Stefano* (biggit afore the 11t century) It haes frescoes bi Taddeo Zuccari
*Kirk o *Sant'Antonio Abate* (15t century)

## References
Castel Madama

**Castel Madama** is a *[[comune]]* (municipality) in the Province o Roum in the Italian region Lazio, locatit aboot  east o Roum.

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns — Sister ceeties
Castel Madama is twinned wi:
* Oudenaarde, Belgium, syne 1986
* La Roda de Andalucía, Spain, syne 2002

## References

## Freemit airtins
* Offeecial wabsteid
* Castel Madama
La Roda de Andalucía

**La Roda de Andalucía** is a municipality o the Province o Seville, Andalusie, Spain. In 2005 it haes a population o 4,322 inhabitants an a aurie o 77 square kilometres. The density is 56.1 ihhab/km².  It is locatit at a altitude o 405 metres an is 123 kilometres frae Seville.

## History
Historians record events in the aurie datin back tae auncient Roman times, whaur batterin rams an utensils hae been foond datin back tae the ceevil war atween Julius Caesar an Pompey durin the Battle o Munda. Wi the Christian reconquest o Ferdinand III o Castile, the border toun became the Nazari Kinrick o Granada. La Roda, as the whole region o Estepa, will efter the Reconquest tae the domains o the Order o Santiago. In 1559 Philip II o Spain establishes the Marquess o Estepa, tae which the toun belangs till the early nineteent century. It is in this century that unnergoes a significant chynge wi the arrival o the railwey (lines Córdoba-Málaga and La Roda-Utrera). Syne 1916 La Roda is cried "DE ANDALUCIA" tae distinguish it frae ither La Rodas in Spain.

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns — Sister ceeties

La Roda de Andalucía is twinned wi:

* Castel Madama, Italy, syne 2002

## References
* La Roda de Andalucía - Multiterritorial Information System of Andalusia 
* La Roda de Andalucia Cultural Heritage of La Roda de Andalucía.IAPH Cultural Heritage
Rocca Priora

**Rocca Priora** is a smaw toun an *[[comune]]* in the province o Roum, Lazio,  Italy. It is ane o the Castelli Romani on the Alban Hills aboot 25&nbsp;km sooth east o Roum, situatit in the Regional Pairk kent as the "Parco Regionale dei Castelli Romani".

## History
Rocca Priora occupeed the aurie o the auld Laitin toun o *Corbium*; here several battles, describit bi famous historians, wur focht bi Italic fowks.

Efter the destruction o Tusculum in 1191, the population increased. In the 14t century the  Savelli faimily rose tae prominence in the aurie, efter  Pape Sixtus V endorsed Rocca Priora as a feudal possession for thaim. They held the toun an its castle till the 17t century, apairt frae twa short periods in 1436-1447 an in the early 16t century, when it went tae Cesare Borgia. Accordin tae some sources, the toun wis destroyed bi Renzo da Ceri's troops during the conflict atween Pape Clement VII an the Colonna, an bi the imperial troops in the wak o the Sack o Roum. 

Efter a period as a direct Papal rule, it wis sauld in pairt tae the Rospigliosi faimily, who held it till 1870, when it became a commune as pairt o the newly formit Kinrick o Italy.

## Twin ceeties
* Sohland an der Spree, Germany
Colleferro

**Colleferro** ("Airn hill") is a smaw toun o the province o Roum in the Lazio region o central Italy. It is a new residential zone o the Roum metropolitan aurie o Roum whaur mony different industries an sport structurs are locatit.

## Freemit airtins
* http://www.comune.colleferro.rm.it/
Rocca di Papa

**Rocca di Papa** is a smaw toun an *[[comune]]* in the province o Roum, Lazio, Italy. It is ane o the Castelli Romani aboot 25&nbsp;km sooth east o Roum on the Alban Hills. It is boondit bi the ither communes o Velletri, Rocca Priora, Monte Compatri, Grottaferrata, Albano an Marino.   It is the centre o the Regional Pairk kent as the "Parco Regionale dei Castelli Romani".
Rocca di Cave

**Rocca di Cave** is a *[[comune]]* (municipality) in the Province o Roum in the Italian region Lazio, locatit aboot  east o Roum.

It is hame tae the remains Colonna castle, which the day hooses a Geo-Palaeontological Museum an a astronomical observation pynt.

## Footnotes
Cuquío

**Cuquío** is a toun an municipality, in Jalisco in central-wastren Mexico. The municipality covers a aurie o 580.96&nbsp;km².

As o 2005, the municipality haed a total population o 19,176.

## References
Meryl Streep

**Meryl Streep** (born **Mary Louise Streep**; Juin 22, 1949) is an American actress o theater, telly, an film. She is widely regairdit as ane o the uncomaist film actresses o aw time. Seh wis in films lik Kramer agin Kramer, Deil weirs Prada an Intae the Wid.

## References
San Agustín

**San Agustín** is the Spaingie-leid name for St. Augustine.

**San Agustín** micht refer tae:

## Geografie

### Guatemala
*San Agustín Acasaguastlán

### Mexico
#### Hidalgo
*San Agustín Metzquititlán
*San Agustín Tlaxiaca

#### Oaxaca
*San Agustín Amatengo
*San Agustín Atenango	
*San Agustín Chayuco
*San Agustín de las Juntas	
*San Agustín Etla	
*San Agustín Loxicha	
*San Agustín Tlacotepec	
*San Agustín Yatareni

### Unitit States
*St. Augustine, Florida
Coicoyán de las Flores

**Coicoyán de las Flores** is a toun an municipality in Oaxaca in sooth-wastren Mexico. The municipality covers a aurie o 105.89&nbsp;km² an is pairt o the Juxtlahuaca destrict o the Mixteca Region. As o 2005, the municipality haed a total population of7,598.

## References
Humphrey Bogart

**Humphrey DeForest Bogart** (25 Dizember 1899 – 14 Januar 1957) wis a American actor an is widely regardit as a American cultural icon.
In 1999, the American Film Institute rankit Bogart as the greatest male actors in the history o American cinema.

Efter tryin various jobs, Bogart began actin in 1921 an became a reglar in Broadway productions in the 1920s an 1930s. When the stock mercat crash o 1929 reduced the demand for plays, Bogart turnt tae film. His first great success wis as Duke Mantee in *[[The Petrified Forest]]* (1936), and this led tae a period of typecasting as a gangster wi films sic as *[[Angels with Dirty Faces]]* (1938) an B-movies lik *[[The Return of Doctor X]]* (1939).

Bogart's breakthrou as a leadin man came in 1941, wi *[[High Sierra (film)|High Sierra]]* an *[[The Maltese Falcon (1941 film)|The Maltese Falcon]].* The next year, his performance in *[[Casablanca (film)|Casablanca]]* raised him tae the peak o his profeesion an, at the same time, cementit his trademark film persona, that o the haurd-boiled cynic who ultimately shows his noble side. ither successes follaeed, includin *[[To Have and Have Not (film)|To Have and Have Not]]* (1944); *[[The Big Sleep (1946 film)|The Big Sleep]]* (1946); *[[Dark Passage (film)|Dark Passage]]* (1947) an *[[Key Largo (film)|Key Largo]]* (1948), wi his wife Lauren Bacall; *[[The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (film)|The Treasure of the Sierra Madre]]* (1948); *[[In a Lonely Place]]* (1950); *[[The African Queen (film)|The African Queen]]* (1951), for which he wan his anerly Academy Award; *[[Sabrina (1954 film)|Sabrina]]* (1954); an *[[The Caine Mutiny (film)|The Caine Mutiny]]* (1954). His last movie wis *[[The Harder They Fall]]* (1956). Durin a film career o amaist 30 years, he appeared in 75 featur films.

## References
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Matthew Broderick

**Matthew Broderick** (born Mairch 21, 1962) is an American film, stage an vyce actor who, amang ither roles, played the title character in *[[Ferris Bueller's Day Off]]*, vyced Simba in *[[The Lion King]]*, an portrayed Leo Bloom in the Hollywid an Broadway productions o *[[The Producers (musical)|The Producers]]*.

He haes wan twa Tony Awairds, ane in 1983 for his featured role in the play *[[Brighton Beach Memoirs]]* an ane in 1995 for his leadin role in the muisical *[[How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying]]*. He wis an aa nominated for the Tony Awaird, Best Actor in a Musical, for *[[The Producers (musical)|The Producers]]* but lost tae his co-star Nathan Lane. , Broderick is the youngest winner o the Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play.
James Earl Jones

**James Earl Jones** (born Januar 17, 1931; deed September 9, 2024) wis an American actor who in a career o mair nor 50 years haes acome kent as "ane o America's maist distinguished an versatile" actors an "ane o the greatest actors in American history." Syne his Broadway debut in 1957, Jones haes wan mony awards, includin a Tony Awaird an Gowden Globe Awaird for his role in *[[The Great White Hope]]*. Jones haes wan three Emmy Awards, includin twa in the same year in 1991, an he earned an Academy Awaird nomination for Best Actor in a Leadin Role in the film version o *[[The Great White Hope (film)|The Great White Hope]]*. He wis kent for his vyce acting, most notably as Darth Vader in the *[[Star Wars]]* film series an Mufasa in Disney's *[[The Lion King]]*, as weel as in mony ither film, stage, an telly roles.

## References
Jack Black

**Thomas Jacob** "**Jack**" **Black** (born August 28, 1969) is an American actor, producer, comedian, vyce airtist, writer, an muisician. His actin career haes been extensive, starrin primarily as bumblin an cocky but internally self-conscious ootsiders in comedy films, tho he haes played some serious roles. He is best kent for his roles in *[[High Fidelity (film)|High Fidelity]]*, *[[Shallow Hal]]*, *[[School of Rock]]*, *[[King Kong (2005 film)|King Kong]]* (2005), *[[Nacho Libre]]*, *[[Tropic Thunder]]*, *[[Bernie (2011 film)|Bernie]]* an the *[[Kung Fu Panda (franchise)|Kung Fu Panda]]* films. Black is considered a member o the sae-cried Frat Pack, a loose groupin o comic actors who hae kytht thegither in various Hollywid films, an haes been nominatit for twa Gowden Globe Awards. He is the lead vocalist o the comedic rock group Tenacious D, that he formed in 1994 wi Kyle Gass.

## References
Christian Bale

**Christian Charles Philip Bale** (born 30 Januar 1974) is a Inglis actor. He haes starred in baith blockbuster films an smawer projects frae independent producers an aort hooses.

Bale first caucht the public eye at the age o 13, when he wis cast in the starrin role o Steven Spielberg's *[[Empire of the Sun (film)|Empire of the Sun]]* (1987). Based on the oreeginal story bi J. G. Ballard, Bale played an English boy who is separatit frae his parents an subsequently fynds hissel lost in a Japanese internment camp durin Warld War II. In 2000, he garnered creetical acclaim for his portrayal o serial killer Patrick Bateman in *[[American Psycho (film)|American Psycho]]*. He earned a reputation as a method actor efter he lost 63 poonds tae play the role o Trevor Reznik in *[[The Machinist]]* (2004).

Bale went on tae receive greater commercial recognition an acclaim for his performance as Bruce Wayne / Batman in Christopher Nolan's *[[Batman Begins]]* (2005), *[[The Dark Knight (film)|The Dark Knight]]* (2008) an *[[The Dark Knight Rises]]* (2012). He portrayed Dicky Eklund in the biopic *[[The Fighter (2010 film)|The Fighter]]* (2010) an aw, for which he receivit creetical acclaim an wan several awairds, includin the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor an the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role.

## References

## Freemit airtins

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Dustin Hoffman

**Dustin Lee Hoffman** (born August 8, 1937) is an American actor wi a career in film, telly, an theatre syne 1960. He haes been kent for his versatile portrayals o antiheroes an vulnerable chairacters.

## References
Natalie Portman

**Natalie Portman** (born **Natalie Hershlag**; ; Juin 9, 1981) is an actress wi dual American an Israeli citizenship. Her first role was as an orphan taken in bi a hitman in the 1994 action film *[[Léon: The Professional]]*, but mainstream success came when she wis cast as Padmé Amidala in the ''Star Wars'' prequel trilogy (released in 1999, 2002 an 2005). In 1999, she enrolled at Harvard Varsity tae study psychology while still wirkin as an actress. She completit her bachelor's degree in 2003.

## References
Keira Knightley

**Keira Christina Knightley** (; born 26 Mairch 1985) is an Inglis actress an model. She began actin as a child on telly an made her film debut in 1995. Knightley haed a supportin role as Sabé in *[[Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace]]* (1999) an her first significant role came in *[[The Hole (2001 film)|The Hole]]* (2001). She gained widespread recogneetion in 2002 efter co-starrin in the film *[[Bend It Like Beckham]]* an achieved internaitional fame in 2003 as a result o appearin as Elizabeth Swann in the *[[Pirates of the Caribbean (film series)|Pirates of the Caribbean]]* film series (2003–07).

## References
Jean Reno

**Juan Moreno y Herrera-Jiménez** (born 30 Julie 1948), kent as **Jean Reno** (), is a Spaingie-French actor. Wirkin in French, Inglis, Japanese, Spaingie an Italian, he haes appeared in numerous successful films such as *Crimson Rivers*, *Godzilla*, *The Da Vinci Code*, *Mission: Impossible*, *The Pink Panther*, *Ronin*, *Les visiteurs*, *The Big Blue* an *[[Léon: The Professional|Léon: The Professional.]]*

## References
Gavignano

**Gavignano** is a hill top toun o 1,982 inhabitants in the Province o Roum, Lazio, central Italy. Gavignano is approximately 50&nbsp;km sooth east o Roum in the Lepini Muntains.

The name o the toun is believit tae be derivit frae the Roman consul an general Aulus Gabinius, a friend o Pompey an ally o Julius Caesar.

The nearest train station is locatit in the toun o Colleferro. Nearbi, athin the communal territory, is a airchaeological steid o a Roman villa frae the Republican era, the villa "Rossilli",  believit tae be a kintra hame o the Julii faimily. At Rossilli thare is a historical abbey an aw, biggit bi the Benedictines in the 12t century.

Pape Innocent III wis born thare in 1160.

## References
Ornithischia

**Ornithischia** ( ) or **Predentata** is an extinct order o beakit, yerbivorous dinosaurs. The name *ornithischia* is derived frae the Greek *ornitheos* (*ορνιθειος*) meanin 'o a bird' an *ischion* (*ισχιον*) meanin 'hip joint'. Thay are kent as the 'bird-hipped' dinosaurs acause o thair bird-lik hip structur, even though birds actually belang tae the 'lizard-hipped' dinosaurs (the saurischians).

Some commonly kent Ornithischians include the hornit dinosaurs (ceratopsians), armored dinosaurs (stegosaurs an ankylosaurs), *[[Iguanodon]]*, an the "deuck-billed" dinosaurs (hadrosaurids). Bein herbivores that bytimes lived in herds, thay wur mair numerous nor the saurischians. Mony were prey ainmals for the theropods an wur uisually smawer nor the sauropods.

## References
Archosaur

**Archosaurs** are a group o diapsid amniotes whase livin representatives consist o birds an crocodilians. This group includes aw extinct dinosaurs an aa, extinct crocodilian relatives, an pterosaurs. **Archosauria**, the archosaur clade, is a croun group that includes the maist recent common auncestor o livin birds an crocodilians. It includes twa main clades: Pseudosuchia, whilk includes crocodilians an thair extinct relatives, an Avemetatarsalia, whilk includes birds an thair extinct relatives (lik non-avian dinosaurs an pterosaurs).
Theropoda

**Theropoda** (*theropod* ; suborder name *Theropoda* , frae Greek meanin "beast feet") is baith a suborder o bipedal saurischian dinosaurs, an a clade consistin o that suborder an its descendants (includin modren birds). Dinosaurs belangin tae the suborder *Theropoda* wur primarily carnivorous, altho a nummer o theropod groups evolved herbivory, omnivory, an insectivory. Theropods first appeared durin the Carnian age o the late Triassic period aboot 230 million years ago (Ma) an includit the sole muckle terrestrial carnivores frae the Early Jurassic till at least the close o the Cretaceous, aboot 66 Ma. In the Jurassic, birds evolved frae smaa specialized coelurosaurian theropods, an are the day representit bi 9,900 livin species.

Amang the featurs linkin theropod dinosaurs tae birds are a furcula (wishbone), air-filled bones, broodin o the eggs, an (in coelurosaurs, at least) feathers.

## References
Moa

The **moa** wur nine species (in sax genera) o flichtless birds endemic tae New Zealand. The twa lairgest species, *Dinornis robustus* an *Dinornis novaezelandiae*, reached aboot  in hicht wi neck outstretched, an weighed aboot .

Moa belang tae the ratite group in the order **Dinornithiformes**. The nine species o moa wur the anly wingless birds, lackin even the vestigial wings which aw ither ratites hae. Thay wur the dominant herbivores in New Zealand's forest, shrubland an subalpine ecosystems for thoosands o years, an till the arrival o the Māori wur hunted anly bi the Haast's Eagle. It is generally considered that maist, if nae aw, species o moa died oot bi A.D. 1400 due tae owerhuntin bi the Māori an habitat decline.

## References

**Soorces**
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Ratite

A **ratite** is ony o a diverse group o lairge, flichtless birds o the superorder Palaeognathae. Thare is still some controversy regardin the systematics involved. Some soorces state that Ratites are synonymous wi Struthioniformes, while ither soorces state that Ratites are the same group, anly that the order Struthioniformes contains anly the Ostrich an possibly the Elephant Bird. Ratites belang tae the modren bird superorder Palaeognathae which consists o ratites an tinamous (compare tae Neognathae). Unlik ither flichtless birds, the ratites hae nae keel on thair sternum – hence the name frae the Laitin *ratis* (for raft). Wioot this tae anchor thair wing muscles, thay coud nae flee even if thay wur tae develop suitable wings.

Maist pairts o the umwhile Gondwana Supercontinent hae ratites, or did hae till the fairly recent past. Thair closest livin relatives are the tinamous o Sooth Americae.

Some taxonomical seestems consider the various faimilies o ratites tae be orders, but the seestem uised here uises the order "Struthioniformes" tae refer tae aw ratites.

## References
Ooie rhinoceros

The **ooie rhinoceros** (*Coelodonta antiquitatis*) is an extinct species o rhinoceros that wis common ootthrou Europe an northren Asie. The genus name *Coelodonta* means "cavity tuith". The ooie rhinoceros wis a member o the Pleistocene megafauna.

## References
Black rhinoceros

The **black rhinoceros** or **hook-lipped rhinoceros** (*Diceros bicornis*) is a species o rhinoceros, hamelt in eastren an central Africae includin Kenyae, Tanzanie, Cameroon, Sooth Africae, Namibie, Zimbabwe, an Angolae. Altho the rhinoceros is referred tae as *black*, its colours vary frae broun tae gray.

The ither African rhinoceros is the white rhinoceros (*Ceratotherium simum*). The wird "white" in the name "white rhinoceros" is a misinterpretation o the Afrikaans wird *wyd*, itself derived frae the Dutch wird *wijd* for wide, referrin tae its square upper lip, as opponed tae the pyntit or huiked lip o the black rhinoceros. These species are nou whiles referred tae as the square-lipped (for white) or huik-lipped (for black) rhinoceros.

The species oweraw is classifee'd as critically endangered, an ane subspecies, the wastren black rhinoceros, wis declared extinct bi the IUCN in 2011.

## References
White rhinoceros

The **white rhinoceros** or **square-lipped rhinoceros** (*Ceratotherium simum*) is the lairgest an maist numerous species o rhinoceros that exists. It haes a wide muith uised for grazin an is the maist social o aw rhino species. The white rhinoceros consists o twa subspecies: the soothren white rhinoceros, wi an estimatit 17,460 wild-livin ainimals at the end o 2007 (IUCN 2008), an the much rarer northren white rhinoceros. The northren subspecies haes very few remainin, wi seven confirmed individuals left, wi anly fower still able tae reproduce (Includin those in captivity).

## References
Indie rhinoceros

The **Indie rhinoceros** (*Rhinoceros unicornis*), an aa criwd the **greater ane-horned rhinoceros** an **Indian ane-horned rhinoceros**, belangs tae the Rhinocerotidae faimily. Leetit as a vulnerable species, the lairge mammal is primarily foond in north-eastren Indie's Assam an in pertectit auries in the Terai o Nepal, whaur populations are confined tae the riverine grasslands in the fithills o the Himalayas.

The Indian rhinoceros ance ranged throughoot the entire stretch o the Indo-Gangetic Plain, but excessive huntin reduced the naitural habitat drastically. Theday, aboot 3,000 rhinos live in the wild, 2,000 o which are foond in Indie's Assam alone.

It is the fift lairgest land animal.

## References
Grévy's zebra

The **Grévy's zebra** (*Equus grevyi*), forby kent as the **imperial zebra**, is the lairgest  extant wild equid an the lairgest an maist endangered o the three species o zebra, the ither twa bein the plains zebra an the muntain zebra. Named efter Jules Grévy, it is the sole extant member o the subgenus *Dolichohippus*. The Grévy's zebra is foond in Kenyae an Ethiopie. Compared wi ither zebras, it is taw, haes lairge lugs, an its stripes are narrower.

The Grévy's zebra lives in semi-arid gresslands whaur it feeds on gresses, legumes, an brouse; it can survive up tae five days wioot watter. It differs frae the ither zebra species in that it daes nae live in harems an haes few lang-lastin social bonds. Male territoriality an mither–foal relationships furm the basis o the social seestem o the Grévy's zebra. This zebra is considered tae be endangered. Its population haes declined frae 15,000 tae 3,000 syne the 1970s. Houiver, as o 2008 the population is stable.

## References
Moontain zebra

The **moontain zebra** (*Equus zebra*) is a threatened species o equid native tae sooth-wastren Angolae, Namibie an Sooth Africae. It haes twa subspecies, the Cape muntain zebra (*E. z. zebra*) an Hartmann's muntain zebra (*E. z. hartmannae*), tho it haes been suggestit these should be considered separate species.

## References
Zebra

**Zebras** are several species o African equids (horse faimily) unitit bi their distinctive black an white strippit coats. Thair strips come in different paiterns, unique tae ilk individual. Thay are generally social ainimals that leeve in smaw harems tae lairge herds. Unlik thair closest relatives, horse an cuddies, zebras hae niver been truly domesticatit.

Thare are three species o zebras: the plains zebra, the moontain zebra an the Grévy's zebra. The plains zebra an the moontain zebra belang tae the subgenus *[[Hippotigris]]*, but Grévy's zebra is the sole species o subgenus *Dolichohippus*. The latter resembles an ass, tae that zebras are closely relatit, while the umwhile twa leuk mair horse-lik. Aw three belang tae the genus *Equus*, alang wi ither leevin equids.

The unique stripes o zebras mak them ane o the ainimals maist familiar tae fowk. Thay occur in a variety o habitats, sic as gresslands, savannas, widlands, thorny scrublands, moontains, an coastal hills. Houiver, various anthropogenic factors hae haed a severe impact on zebra populations, in pairteecular huntin for skins an habitat destruction. Grévy's zebra an the moontain zebra are endangered. While plains zebras are muckle mair plentifu, ane subspecies, the quagga, becam extinct in the late 19t century – tho thare is currently a plan, cried the Quagga Project, that aims tae breed zebras that are phenoteepically seemilar tae the quagga in a process cried breedin back.
Plains zebra

The **plains zebra** (*Equus quagga*, umwhile *Equus burchelli*), cried the **common zebra** or **Burchell's zebra** an aa, is the maist common an geografically widespread species o zebra. It ranges frae the sooth o Ethiopie throu East Africae tae as far sooth as Botswana an eastren Sooth Africae. The plains zebra remains common in game reserves, but is threatened bi human activities such as huntin for its meat an hide, as well as competeetion wi fermstockin an encroachment bi fairmin on much o its habitat.

## References
Saiga antelope

The **saiga** (***Saiga tatarica***) is a critically endangered antelope which oreeginally inhabitit a vast aurie o the Eurasian steppe zone frae the fithills o the Carpathian Muntains an Caucasus intae Dzungaria an Mongolie. Thay an aa lived in North Americae durin the Pleistocene. The day, the nominate subspecies (*S. t. tatarica*) is anly foond in ane location in Roushie (steppes o the northwast Precaspian region) an three auries in Kazakhstan (the Ural, Ustiurt an Betpak-dala populations). A proportion o the Ustiurt population migrates sooth tae Uzbekistan an occasionally Turkmenistan in winter. It is extinct in Cheenae an southwestern Mongolie. The Mongolian subspecies (*S. t. mongolica*) is foond anly in wastren Mongolie.

## References
Gerenuk

The **gerenuk**, ***Litocranius walleri***, kent as the **Waller's gazelle** an aw, is a lang-necked species o antelope foond in dry thorn bush scrub an desert in East Africae, frae Somalie, Djibouti an eastren Ethiopie throu northren an eastren Kenyae tae northeastren Tanzanie. The wird **' (pronoonced wi a haird g) comes frae the [[Somali leid]], meanin "giraffe-necked". Gerenuk are whiles cried the **giraffe-necked antelope** an aw. It is the sole member o the [[genus]] ***Litocranius*'''.

## References
Galapagos penguin

The **Galapagos penguin** (*Spheniscus mendiculus*) is a penguin endemic tae the Galapagos Islands. It is the anly penguin that lives north o the equator in the wild. It can survive due tae the cuil temperaturs resultin frae the Humboldt Current an cuil watters frae great depths broucht up bi the Cromwell Current. The Galapagos Penguin is ane o the bandit penguins, the ither species o which live maistly on the coasts o Africae an mainland Sooth Americae.

## References
Adélie penguin

The **Adélie penguin** (*Pygoscelis adeliae*) is a species o penguin common alang the entire Antarctic coast, which is thair anly residence. Thay are amang the maist sootherly distributit o aw seabirds, as are the Emperor Penguin, the Sooth Polar Skua, the Wilson's Storm Petrel, the Snaw Petrel, an the Antarctic Petrel. In 1840, French splorer Jules Dumont d'Urville named them for his wife, Adélie.

## References
Penguin

**Penguins** (order **Sphenisciformes**, faimily **Spheniscidae**) are a group o aquatic, flichtless birds that maistly bide in the Soothren Hemisphere, especially in Antarctica. Heichly adaptit for life in the watter, penguins hae coontershadit dark an white plumage. Mast penguins feed on krill, fish, squid an ither furms o sealife caught while soummin unnerwatter. Thay spend aboot hauf o thair lives on land an hauf in the oceans.
Kodkod

The **kodkod** (*Leopardus guigna*), cried **güiña** an aa, is the smawest cat in the Americas. It haes the smawest scowth o the Sooth American wild cats, bein foond maistly in central an soothren Chile an marginally in some airts o Argenteinie. In 2002, the IUCN classified the kodkod as *[[Vulnerable species|Vulnerable]]* as the tot effective population size mey be fewer nor 10,000 mature individuals, wi a declinin trend due tae habitat an prey base loss an persecution, an na subpopulation havin an effective population size mair nor 1,000 mature breedin individuals.

## References
Buss dug

The **buss dug** (*Speothos venaticus*) is a canid hamelt in Central an Sooth Americae. In spite o its muckle scowth, it is very rare in maist airts but Suriname, Guyana an Peru; it wis first identified bi Peter Wilhelm Lund as fossils in Brazilien caves an believed tae be extinct. The buss dug is the anely livin species in the genus ***Speothos***, an genetic evidence suggests that its closest livin relative is the maned wouf that bides central Sooth Americae.

In Brazil it is cried ***cachorro-vinagre*** ("vinegar dug") or ***cachorro-do-mato*** ("buss dug"). In Spainish-speakin kintras it is cried ***perro vinagre*** ("vinegar dug"), ***zorro vinagre*** ("vinegar tod"), ***perro de agua*** ("watter dug"), or ***perro de monte*** ("muntain dug").

## References
Gaur

The **gaur** (, *Bos gaurus*), cried **Indian bison** an aw, is the lairgest extant bovine an is native tae Sooth Asie an Sootheast Asie. The species is leetit as vulnerable on the IUCN Reid Leet syne 1986, as the population decline in pairts o the species' range is likely tae be well ower 70% durin the last three generations. Population trends are stable in well-pertected auries, an are rebiggin in a few auries which haed been neglectit.

The gaur is the tawest species o wild cattle.
The Malayan gaur is cried *seladang*, an the Burmese gaur is cried *pyoung* .

The domesticated furm o the gaur *Bos frontalis* is cried *[[gayal]]* or *mithun*.

## References
Yak

The **yak** (*Bos grunniens* an *Bos mutus*) is a lang-haired bovid foond throughoot the Himalayan region o sooth Central Asie, the Tibetan Plateau an as far north as Mongolie an Roushie. Maist yaks are domesticatit yaks, *Bos grunniens*. Thare is an aa a smaa, vulnerable population o wild yaks, *Bos mutus*. In the 1990s, a concertit effort wis unnertaken tae help save the wild yak population.

## References
Zebu

**Zebus** ( or ; *Bos primigenius indicus* or *Bos indicus* or *Bos taurus indicus*), whiles kent as **humph-backit nowt** or **[[Brahman (cattle)|Brahman]]**, is a teep o hamelt nowt oreeginatin in Sooth Asie.  Thay are characterised bi a fatty humph on thair shouders, droopin lugs an a lairge dewlap.  Thay are weel adaptit tae forstaundin heich temperaturs, an are fairmed ootthrou the tropical kintras, baith as pure zebu an as hybrids wi taurine nowt, the ither main teep o hamelt nowt.  Zebu is uised as draucht owsen, as dairy nowt an as beef nowt, as weel as for byproducts lik hides an dung for fuel an manure.
Blackbuck

The **blackbuck** (*Antilope cervicapra*) is an ungulate species o antelope native tae the Indian Subcontinent that haes been classifee'd as *[[near threatened]]* bi IUCN syne 2003, as its range haes decreased sharply durin the 20t century. The native population is stable, wi an estimatit 50,000 individuals.

The blackbuck is the anly livin species o the genus *[[Antilope]]*.
Its generic name stems frae the Laitin wird *antalopus*, a horned ainimal. The specific name *cervicapra* is componed o the Laitin wirds *capra*, she-goat an *cervus*, deer.

## References