open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Fernando Verdasco

**Fernando Verdasco Carmona** (born 15 November 1983 in Madrid, Spain) is a professional tennis player. His career-heich singles rankin is warld no. 7, achieved in Aprile 2009. Verdasco stairtit playin tennis at fower years o age an haed a full-time coach when he wis aicht. As o 2009, Verdasco haes been wirkin in Las Vegas wi Andre Agassi an his team, includin Darren Cahill (Agassi's umwhile coach) an Gil Reyes (Agassi's fitness coach). Verdasco haes aidit Spain in winnin three Davis Cup teetles, winnin the decidin match in baith 2008 an 2009, he wis pairt o the winnin team in 2011 as well. His best performance in a Grand Slam wis makin the semifinals o the 2009 Australian Open, whaur he lost tae compatriot an eventual champion Rafael Nadal in five sets. Verdasco reached the quarterfinals o the 2013 Wimbledon Championships an led Andy Murray twa sets tae love afore bein defeatit in five sets, 6-4, 6-3, 1-6, 4-6, 5-7.

## Major finals

### ATP Masters Series finals

#### Singles: 1 (1 runner-up)

## ATP career finals

### Singles: 17 (5–12)

### Doubles: 8 (5–3)

## References

## Freemit airtins
*Fernando Verdasco's Offeecial Steid 
*
*
*Fernando Verdasco's unoffeecial steid 
*Spainyie-leid fansteid 
*Verdasco Recent Match Results 
*Verdasco Warld Rankin History 
*Fernando Verdasco statistics 
*Tennis Gear uised bi Fernando Verdasco
Weemen's Tennis Association

The **Weemen's Tennis Association** (**WTA**), foondit in 1973 bi Billie Jean King, is the principal organizin body o weemen's professional tennis. It govrens the **WTA Tour** which is the warldwide professional tennis tour for weemen. Its coonterpairt organisation in the men's professional gemme is the Association o Tennis Professionals (ATP).

The Weemen's Tennis Association wis foondit in the month o Juin 1973, but can trace its origins back tae Houston, Texas wi the inaugural *[[Virginia Slims]]* toornament, arranged bi Gladys Heldman, an held on 23 September 1970. Rosie Casals wan this first event. The WTA's corporate heidquarters is in St. Petersburg, Florida. The European heidquarters is in Lunnon, an the Asie-Paceefic heidquarters is in Beijing.

## WTA Rankins

Thir leets are based on the WTA Rankins.

## References

## Freemit airtins
* The offeecial WTA Tour wab steid
* WTA tour schedule
* The offeecial WTA Tour Twitter page 
* The offeecial WTA Tour Facebook page
* The offeecial WTA Tour YouTube page
Battle o Fraunce

In the Seicond Warld War, the **Battle o Fraunce**, kent as the **Faw o Fraunce** an aw, wis the successfu German invasion o Fraunce an the Law Kintras, beginnin on 10 Mey 1940, defeatin primarily French forces. The battle consistit o twa main operations. In the first, *Fall Gelb* (Case Yellae), German airmoured units pushed throu the Ardennes tae cut aff an surroond the Allied units that haed advanced intae Belgium. When Breetish an adjacent French forces wur pushed back tae the sea bi the heichly mobile an well organised German operation, the Breetish govrenment decidit tae evacuate the Breetish Expeditionary Force (BEF) as well as several French diveesions at Dunkirk in Operation Dynamo.

Efter the widrawal o the BEF, Germany launched a seicont operation, *Fall Rot* (Case Reid), which wis commenced on 5 Juin. While the depletit French forces put up stiff initial resistance, German air superiority an airmoured mobility owerwhelmed the remainin French forces. German airmour ootflanked the Maginot Line an pushed deep intae Fraunce wi German forces arrivin in an undefendit Paris on 14 Juin. This caused a chaotic period o flicht for the French govrenment an effectively endit organized French militar resistance. German commanders finally met wi French offeecials on Juin 18 wi the goal o the new French govrenment bein an airmistice wi Germany. Chief amang the new govrenment leaders wis Marshal Philippe Pétain recently made Premiere o Fraunce an ane o the supporters o seekin an airmistice wi Germany.

On 22 Juin, an airmistice wis signed atween Fraunce an Germany, which resulted in a diveesion o Fraunce whaurbi Germany wad occupy the north an wast (an keep nearly twa million French soldiers as prisoners in Germany an aw), Italy wad control a smaa Italian occupation zone in the sootheast, an an unoccupied zone, the *zone libre*, wad be govrened bi the newly fairmed Vichy govrenment led bi Marshal Pétain.  Fraunce remained unner Axis occupation till the liberation o the kintra efter the Allied landins in 1944.

## Notes


## References
Toomas Hendrik Ilves

**Toomas Hendrik Ilves** (; born 26 December 1953) is the fowert Preses o Estonie, in affice syne 2006. Ilves wirked as a diplomat an joornalist, an he wis the leader o the Social Democratic Pairty in the 1990s. He served in the govrenment as Meenister o Foreign Affairs frae 1996 tae 1998 an again frae 1999 tae 2002. Later, he wis a Member o the European Parliament frae 2004 tae 2006. He wis electit as Preses o Estonie bi an electoral college on 23 September 2006 an his term as Preses began on 9 October 2006.

## References
Sadala, Rapla Coonty

**Sadala** is a veelage in Juuru Pairish, Rapla Coonty, Estonie. It haes a aurie o 385 ha an a population o 10 (as o 1 Fabruar 2010). 

Sadala veelage wis detached frae Lõiuse an Järlepa veelages in 2010.

## References
Kernu Pairish

**Kernu Pairish** () is a landwart municipality in north-wastren Estonie. It is a pairt o Harju Coonty. The municipality haes a population o 2,077 (as o 1 Januar 2009) an covers a aurie o 174.65&nbsp;km². The population densitie is 11.9 inhabitants per km².

Thare are 17 veelages in Kernu Pairish: Allika, Haiba, Hingu, Kaasiku, Kabila, Kernu, Kibuna, Kirikla, Kohatu, Kustja, Laitse, Metsanurga, Mõnuste, Muusika, Pohla, Ruila, Vansi.

## Local govrenment
The current mayor (**') is Enn Karu ad chairman o the cooncil (**') is Karl-Erik Tender.

## Seembolism
The main seembol in the airm o Kernu Pairish is gowden vat (est: *Kirn*). It seembolises the historical first awner o Kernu (his name was Kirnu.

## Education
Thare are twa primar schuils (in Kernu an in Ruila), kindergarten (in Haiba) an childer's hame (in Haiba) in the municipality.

Kernu primar schuil establisht in the year 1869 an it is situatit 39&nbsp;km frae Tallinn. 

Ruila primar schuil establisht in the year 1871 an it is situatit 25&nbsp;km frae Tallinn.  The day, the Ruila Basic Schuil haes ower 120 students.

Haiba kindergarten "Riisikas" is situatit centre o Haiba veelage.

The Haiba Children's Home completit in 1999 is a hame for 40 childer frae Harju Coonty.

## Sports
Kernu haes twa fitbaw teams: Kernu Gorse (est: *Kernu Kadakas*) an Haiba. In the year o 2005 baith teams played in the 3-rd league.

## References

## Freemit airtins
*Kernu Pairish offeecial wabsteid (available anerlie in Estonie)
*Ruila primary schuil offeecial wabsteid  (available anerlie in Estonie)
*Haiba Kindergarten "Riisikas" offeecial wabsteid  (available anerlie in Estonie)
Navajo leid

**Navajo** or **Navaho** () is an Athabaskan leid o Na-Dené stock spoken in the soothwastren Unitit States. It is geographically an linguistically ane o the Soothren Athabaskan leids (the majority o Athabaskan leids are spoken in nor'-wast Canadae an Alaska).

Navajo haes mair speakers nor ony ither Hamespun American leid north o the U.S.–Mexico border, wi atween 120,000 an 170,700 speakers.

## References
Kehtna

**Kehtna** is a smaw burgh () in Rapla Coonty, in central Estonie, locatit aboot  sootheast o the toun o Rapla. Ither nearbi dounsets include Keava, Kaerepere an Lelle. Kehtna is the admeenistrative centre o Kehtna Pairish. It haes a population o 1,674 (as o 1 Januar 2012).

Kehtna Manor wis first mentioned in 1470 as *Kectel* an in 1485 as *Hof Kechtenal*. The Early-Classicist main biggin wis biggit in the 1790s. Efter a fire in 1905, it wis rebiggit in 1906–10 an gained its current Baroque leuk. The manor is surroondit bi a  muckle pairk wi a variet collection o shrubs.

## Notable fowk
*Alo Bärengrub (born 1984), fitbaa player
*Alo Dupikov (born 1985), fitbaa player
*Rummu Jüri (1856–?), ootlaw an fowk hero, wirkit as a valet in Kehtna Manor

## Gallery

File:Kehtna mõisa valitsejamaja2.jpg|The local govrenment o Kehtna Pairish, the umwhile Steward's hoose o Kehtna Manor
File:Kehtna mõisa viinakelder.jpg|The vodka cellar of Kehtna Manor
File:Kehtna Põhikool.jpg|Kehtna Primary School
File:Kehtna A&O.SDC10075.JPG|Local grocery store


## References

## Freemit airtins

*Kehtna Pairish 
*Kehtna Manor
*Kehtna Manor at Estonian Manors Portal
Kiili Pairish

**Kiili Pairish** () is a landwart municipality in Harju Coonty, north-wastren Estonie. It is locatit sooth tae Estonie's caipital, Tallinn. The population o Kiili Pairish is 4,182 (as o 2009) and the area 100.4&nbsp;km².

The admeenistrative centre o Kiili Pairish is Kiili burgh (), wi a population o 1,337. Thare are 2 smaw burghs () an aw: Kangru an Luige; an 13 veelages () in the pairish: Arusta, Kurevere, Lähtse, Metsanurga, Mõisaküla, Nabala, Paekna, Piissoo, Sausti, Sookaera, Sõgula, Sõmeru, Vaela. 

The current mayor (**') is Tarmo Vaik an chairman o the cooncil (**') is Aimur Liiva.

## References

## Freemit airtins
* Offeecial wabsteid (available anerlie in Estonie)
Kiili

**Kiili** (afore 1971: *Veneküla*, afore 1920: *Russendorf*, first mentioned as *Wenne Külla*) is a burgh () in Harju Coonty, northren Estonie. It is the admeenistrative centre o Kiili Pairish. Kiili haes a population o 1,461 (as o 2012).


File:Kiili.JPG|Apairtment biggins in Kiili


## References

## Freemit airtins
*Kiili Pairish
Looküla

**Looküla** is a veelage in Anija Pairish, Harju Coonty in northren Estonie. It haes a population o 53 (as o 1 Januar 2010).

## References
Parila

**Parila** mey refer tae several places in Estonie:

*Parila, Harju Coonty, veelage in Anija Pairish, Harju Coonty
*Parila, Lääne Coonty, veelage in Ridala Pairish, Lääne Coonty
*Parila, Saare Coonty, veelage in Kaarma Pairish, Saare Coonty
Taraxacum

***Taraxacum***  is a lairge genus o flouerin plants in the faimily Asteraceae. Thay are native tae Eurasie an North an Sooth Americae, an twa species, *[[Taraxacum officinale|T. officinale]]* an *[[Taraxacum erythrospermum|T. erythrospermum]]*, are foond as weeds warldwide. Baith species are edible in thair entirety. The common name **dentyion** is gien tae members o the genus, an like ither members o the Asteraceae faimily, thay hae very smaa flouers collectit thegither intae a composite flouer heid. Each single flouer in a heid is cried a floret. Mony *Taraxacum* species produce seeds asexually bi apomixis, whaur the seeds are produced wioot pollination, resultin in affspring that are genetically identical tae the parent plant.

## References
Asteraceae

**Asteraceae** or **Compositae** (commonly referred tae as the **aster**, **gowan**, or **sunflouer faimily**), is a ower lairge an widespread faimily o Angiospermae. The group haes mair nor 23,000 currently acceptit species, spread athort 1,620 genera (leet) an 12 subfaimilies. In terms o nummers o species, Asteraceae is rivaled anly bi Orchidaceae. (The whilk o the twa faimilies is actually lairger isna clear, awin tae uncertainty aboot exactly hou mony species exist in each faimily). The main featur o the faimily is the composite flouer type in the fairm o capitula surroondit bi involucral bracts.The name "Asteraceae" comes frae Aster, the maist prominent genus in the faimily, that derives frae the Greek *ἀστήρ* meanin starn, an is connectit wi its inflorescence starn fairm. As for the term "Compositae", mair ancient but still valid, it obviously maks reference tae the fact that the faimily is ane o the few angiosperms that hae composite flouers. This faimily haes a remarkable ecological an economical importance, an is present frae the polar regions tae the tropics, colonizin aw available habitats. The Asteraceae mey represent sae muckle as 10% o autochthon flora in mony regions o the warld.

Maist members o Asteraceae are yerbaceous, but a significant nummer are an aa shrubs, vines an trees.  The faimily haes a warldwide distribution, an is maist common in the arid an semi-arid regions o subtropical an lawer temperate latitudes.

Asteraceae is an economically important faimily. Some members provide products includin cuikin iles, lettuce, sunflouer seeds, artichokes, sweetenin agents, coffee substitutes an yerbal teas.  Several genera is popular wi the horticultural community, includin marigowd, pot marigowd (forby kent as calendula), cone flouers, various gowans, fleabane, chrysanthemums, dahlias, zinnias, an heleniums. Asteraceae are important in yerbal medicine, includin Grindelia, echinacea, yarrow an mony ithers. A nummer o species hae come tae be considered invasive, includin, maist notably in North Americae, dandelion, whilk wis oreeginally introduced bi European settlers wha uised the young leafs as a salad green.

## References

## Freemit airtins
* Compositae at ''The Plant Leet'' 
* Compositae  at ''The Faimilies o Flouerin Plants (DELTA)'' 
* Asteraceae at the ''Encyclopedie o Life''
* Asteraceae at the ''Angiosperm Phylogeny Wabsteid''
* Asteraceae  at the ''Tree o Life Wab Project''
* Asteraceae at the online ''Flora o North Americae''
* Asteraceae at the online ''Flora o Pakistan'' 
* Asteraceae at the online ''Flora o Zimbabwe''
* Compositae at the online ''Flora o Taiwan''
* Asteraceae  at the online ''Flora o Wastren Australie'' 
* Compositae at the online ''Flora o New Zealand'' 
* The Internaitional Composite Alliance (TICA) A warldwide group o composite seestematists
Aster (genus)

***Aster*** is a genus o flouerin plants in the faimily Asteraceae. Its circumscription haes been narraeed, an it nou encompasses aroond 180 species, aw but ane o which are restrictit tae Eurasie; mony species formerly in *Aster* are nou in ither genera o the tribe Astereae.

## References

## Freemit airtins
* 
* Ontario Wildflouers wabsteid Lots o info aboot Asters
* Picturs o Aster flouers thrivin in the hairst sunshine
Arctiidae

**Arctiidae** is a lairge an diverse faimily o mochs wi aroond 11,000 species foond aw ower the warld, includin 6,000 neotropical species. This faimily includes the groups commonly kent as teeger mochs (or teegers), which uisually hae bricht colours, fitmen (which are uisually much drabber), lichen mochs an wasp mochs. Mony species hae 'hairy' caterpillars which are popularly kent as **ooie beirs** or **ooie worms**. The scienteefic name refers tae this (Gk. αρκτος = a beir). Caterpillars mey an aa gang bi the name 'tussock mochs' (mair uisually this refers tae Lymantriidae, houiver).

## References

## Freemit airtins
* Faimily Arctiidae  at Lepidoptera.pro
* Belize Arctiidae Deegital colour "plates"
* Jamaica Actiidae Deegital colour "plates"
* Deegital images o Neotropical Arctiidae an Geometridae 
* SZM Deegital images 
* Butterflees an Mochs o North Americae - Apantesis nais - Tiger Moch
*on the UF / IFAS Featurt Creaturs Wab steid
** ''Empyreuma affinis'', spottit oleander caterpillar
** ''Estigmene acrea'', saltmarsh caterpillar
**''Lycomorpha pholus'', black an yellae lichen moch
** ''Lymire edwardsii'', Edwards wasp moch
** ''Syntomeida epilais'', oleander caterpillar 
** ''Utetheisa ornatrix'', bella moch
* Beattyville Wolly Worm Festival 2012 Steid
Indien Ocean

The **Indie Ocean** is the third lairgest o the warld's oceanic diveesions, coverin approximately 20% o the watter on the Yird's surface. It is boondit bi Asie—includin Indie, efter which the ocean is named—on the north, on the wast bi Africae, on the east bi Australia, an on the sooth bi the Soothren Ocean (or, dependin on defineetion, bi Antarctica.)

As ane component o the Warld Ocean, the Indian Ocean is delineatit frae the Atlantic Ocean bi the 20° east meridian runnin sooth frae Cape Agulhas, an frae the Paceefic Ocean bi the meridian o 146°55' east. The northrenmaist extent o the Indian Ocean is approximately 30° north in the Persie Gulf. The ocean is nearly 10,000&nbsp;km (6,200 mi) wide at the soothren tips o Africae an Australie, an its aurie is 73,556,000 km² (28,350,000 mi²), includin the Reid Sea an the Persie Gulf.

The ocean's volume is estimatit tae be 292,131,000 km³ (70,086,000 mi³). Smaa islands dot the continental rims. Island naitions within the ocean are Madagascar (the warld's fowert lairgest island), Comoros, Seychelles, Maldives, Mauritius, an Sri Lanka. The archipelago o Indonesie borders the ocean on the east.

## References

## Freemit airtins
*NOAA In-situ Ocean Data Viewer  Plot an dounload ocean observations
*The Indian Ocean in Warld History: Eddicational Wabsteid Interactive resoorce frae the Sultan Qaboos Cultural Center
*The Regional Tuna Taggin Project-Indian Ocean wi details o the importance o Tuna in the Indian Ocean.. 
*Detailed cairts o the Indian Ocean 
*The Indian Ocean Trade: A Classroom Simulation 
*CIA – The Warld Factbook, Oceans: Indian Ocean
Pieridae

The **Pieridae** are a lairge faimily o butterflees wi aboot 76 genera containin approximately 1,100 species, maistly frae tropical Africae an Asie. Maist pierid butterflees are white, yellae or orange in coloration, eften wi black spots. The pigments that gie the distinct colourin tae thir butterflees are derived frae waste products in the body an are a characteristic o this faimily.

It is believed that the name "butterfly" oreeginated frae a member o this faimily  — the Brimstone *[[Gonepteryx rhamni]]* —  which wis cried the "butter-coloured fly" bi early Breetish naituralists.

The sexes uisually differ, eften in the pattern or nummer o the black markins.

The larvae (caterpillars) o a few o thir species, sic as *[[Pieris brassicae]]* an *[[Pieris rapae]]*, commonly seen in gardens, feed on brassicas, an are notorious agricultural pests.

Males o mony species exhibit gregarious mud-puddlin behaviour when thay mey imbibe salts frae moist soils.

## Some popular species

*Brimstone, *Gonepteryx rhamni*
*Californie Dogface, *Zerene eurydice*
*Catalina Orangetip, *Anthocharis cethura catalina*
*Cloudless Sulphur, *Phoebis sennae*
*Clouded Yellae, *Colias croceus*
*Orange Tip, *Anthocharis cardamines*
*Psyche butterflee, *Leptosia nina*

## References

## Further Readin
* Glassberg, Jeffrey *Butterflies through Binoculars, The West* (2001)
* James, David G. an Nunnallee, David *Life Histories of Cascadia Butterflies* (2011)
* Pyle, Robert Michael *The Butterflies of Cascadia* (2002)

## Freemit airtins
*TOL 
*GloBIS Database  Includes teep images
*Pteron In Japanese but binomial names 3 pages o images. Tip Next page.
*Holarctic Pieridae 
* Faimily Pieridae  at Lepidoptera.pro
*'' Pontia protodice'', checkered white on the UF / IFAS Featurt Creaturs Wab steid
*BHL Brigs *Catalogue o the Papilionidae an Pieridae*.
*Butterflees an Mochs o North Americae
*Butterflees o Americae
CNN

**Cable News Network** (**CNN**) is a U.S. cable news chainel foondit in 1980 bi American media mogul Ted Turner. Upon its launch, CNN wis the first chainel tae provide 24-hour televeesion news coverage, an the first aw-news telly chainel in the Unitit States. While the news chainel haes numerous affiliates, CNN primarily broadcasts frae its heidquarters at the CNN Center in Atlanta, the Time Warner Center in New York Ceety, an studios in Washington, D.C., an Los Angeles. CNN is awned bi parent company Time Warner, an the U.S. news chainel is a diveesion o the Turner Broadcasting Seestem.

CNN is sometimes referred tae as **CNN/U.S.** tae distinguish the American chainel frae its internaitional coonterpairt, CNN Internaitional. As o August 2010, CNN is available in ower 100 million U.S. hoosehaulds. Broadcast coverage extends tae ower 890,000 American hotel rooms, an the U.S broadcast is an aa shown in Canadae. Globally, CNN programmin airs through CNN Internaitional, which can be seen bi viewers in ower 212 kintras an territories. Stairtin late 2010, the domestic version CNN/U.S., is available in heich definition tae viewers in Japan unner the name CNN HD.

## References

## Freemit airtins
*
*CNN Internaitional
Tytonidae

**Barn-houlets** (faimily **Tytonidae**) are ane o the twa faimilies o houlets, the ither bein the true houlets, Strigidae. Thay are medium tae lairge sized houlets wi muckle heids an characteristic heart-shaped faces. Thay hae lang, strang legs wi pouerful talons. Thay differ frae Strigidae in structural details relatin in particular tae the sternum an feet an aw.

The barn houlets comprise twa extant sub-faimilies: the Tytoninae or *Tyto* houlets (includin the Common Barn Houlet) an the Phodilinae or bay-houlets. The Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy unites the Caprimulgiformes wi the houlet order; here, the barn-houlets are a subfaimily **Tytoninae**. This is unsupportit bi mair recent research (see Cypselomorphae), but the relationships o the houlets in general are still unresolved.

The barn houlets are a wide rangin faimily, altho thay are absent frae northren North Americae, Saharan Africae an lairge auries o Asie. Thay live in a wide range o habitats frae deserts tae forests, an frae temperate latitudes tae the tropics. The majority o the 16 livin species o barn houlets are puirly kent. Some, like the Reid Houlet, hae barely been seen or studied syne thair discovery, in contrast tae the Common Barn Houlet, which is ane o the best kent houlet species in the warld. However, some sub-species o the Common Barn Houlet possibly deserve tae be a separate species, but are very puirly kent.

Five species o barn-houlet are threatened, an some island species hae gone extinct durin the Holocene or earlier (e.g. *[[Tyto pollens]]*, kent frae the fossil record o Andros Island in the Bahamas, an possibly the basis for the Chickcharnie). The barn-houlets are maistly nocturnal, an generally non-migratory, livin in pairs or singly.

## External links
*Barn-Owls on the Internet Bird Collection
Asio

***Asio*** is a genus o typical houlets, or true houlets, in the Strigidae faimily. The genus *Asio* contains the eared houlets, which are characterised bi feather tufts on the heid which gie the appearance o "ears". This group haes representatives ower maist o the planet, an the Short-eared Houlet is ane o the maist widespread o aw bird species, breedin in Europe, Asie, North an Sooth Americae, the Caribbean, Hawaii an the Galápagos Islands. Its geografic range extends tae aw continents except Antarctica an Australie.

These are medium-sized houlets, 30–46&nbsp;cm (12–18&nbsp;in) in length wi 80–103&nbsp;cm (31.5–40&nbsp;in) wingspans. Thay are lang winged an hae the characteristic facial disc.

The twa northren species are pairtially migratory, movin sooth in winter frae the northren pairts o thair range, or wanderin nomadically in puir vole years in search o better fuid supplies. Tropical *Asio* houlets are lairgely sedentary.

*Asio* houlets are mainly nocturnal, but Short-eared Houlets are an aa crepuscular. Maist species nest on the grund, but the Lang-eared Houlet, *[[Asio otus]]*, nests in the auld stick nests o craws, ravens an magpies (faimily Corvidae) an various hawks.  

These houlets hunt ower open fields or grasslands, takin mainly rodents, ither smaa mammals an some birds.

## Species
* Stygian Houlet, * Asio stygius*
* Lang-eared Houlet, * Asio otus*
* Abyssinian Houlet, * Asio abyssinicus*
* Madagascar Houlet, * Asio madagascariensis*
* Short-eared Houlet, * Asio flammeus*
* Marsh Houlet, * Asio capensis*
* Striped Houlet, *Asio clamator* - eften placed in *Pseudoscops* or *Rhinoptynx*

Twa fossil species are recognized nouadays:
* *Asio brevipes* (Glenns Ferry Late Pliocene o Hagerman, USA)
* *Asio priscus* (Late Pliocene o Santa Rosa Island, USA)

The supposed Late Eocene/Early Oligocene eared houlet *"Asio" henrici* haes been recognized as a member o the fossil barn-houlet genus *[[Selenornis]]*. *"Asio" pygmaeus* (often misspelt *pigmaeus*) cannae be assigned tae a genus wioot restudy o the material. *"Asio" collongensis* (Middle Miocene o Vieux-Collonges, Fraunce) is nou placed in the genus *[[Alasio]]*.(Mlíkovský 2002)

## References
*Mlíkovský, Jirí (2002): *Cenozoic Birds o the Warld, Pairt 1: Europe*. Ninox Press, Prague.  PDF fulltext
Nymphalidae

**Nymphalidae** is the lairgest faimily o butterflees wi aboot 6,000 species distribute atouer maist o the warld. Thae are uisually medium sized tae lairge butterflies. Maist species hae a reduced pair o forelegs an mony hauld thair colourfu wings flat whan restin. Thay are forby cried **brush-fitit butterflees** or **fower-fitit butterflees**. Mony species is bricht coloured an include popular species like the emperors, admirals, tortoiseshells, an fritillaries. Housomever, the unnerwings is in contrast aften dull an in some species leuk remerkable like deid leafs, or is a fair feckfaucher, producin a cryptic effect that helps the butterflee disappear intae its surroondins.

## Example species frae this faimily

* Airchdukes, genus *Lexias*
* California Tortoiseshell, *Nymphalis californica*
* Comma, *Polygonia c-album*
* Common Buckee, *Junonia coenia*
* Common Snout Butterflee, *Libytheana carinenta*
* Cracker butterflees, genus *[[Hamadryas (butterflee)|Hamadryas]]*
* Crimson Patch, *Chlosyne janais*
* Lorquin's Admiral, *Limenitis lorquini*
* Marsh Fritillary, *Euphydryas aurinia*
* Witchie, *Maniola jurtina*
* Mournin Cloak, *Nymphalis antiopa*
* Monarch Butterflee, *Danaus plexippus*
* Blue Morpho, *Morpho menelaus*
* Pentit Lady, *Vanessa cardui*
* Peacock, *Inachis io*
* Question Mark, *Polygonia interrogationis*
* Reid Admiral, *Vanessa atalanta*
* Smaa Heath, *Coenonympha pamphilus*
* Smaa Tortoiseshell, *Nymphalis urticae*

## References

## Further Readin
* Glassberg, Jeffrey *Butterflies through Binoculars, The West* (2001)
* Guppy, Crispin S. and Shepard, Jon H. *Butterflies of British Columbia* (2001)
* James, David G. and Nunnallee, David *Life Histories of Cascadia Butterflies* (2011)
* Pelham, Jonathan *Catalogue of the Butterflies of the United States and Canada* (2008)
* Pyle, Robert Michael *The Butterflies of Cascadia* (2002)

## Freemita airtins
* Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility (2003): Faimily Nymphalidae
* Faimily Nymphalidae  at Lepidoptera.pro
* Nymphalidae Systematics Group  at the Varsity o Turku
* Peter Chew:  Danaids an Brouns - Faimily Nymphalidae, Brisbane butterflees wab steid (2005).
* Tree o Life Wab Project: Nymphalidae 
* Nymphalidae frae aw ower the warld 
* Butterflees an Mochs o North Americae
* Butterflees o Americae
Giant panda

The **panda** (*Ailuropoda melanoleuca*, lit. "black an white cat-fit"), kent as the **giant panda** tae distinguish it frae the unrelatit reid panda, is a beir native tae central-wastren an sooth wastren Cheenae. It is easy kent fae the lairge, kenspeckle black splatches aboot its een, ower the lugs, an athort its roond body. Tho it belangs order Carnivora, the panda's diet is 99% bamboo. Pandas in the wilderness will bytimes eat ither gresses, wild tubers, or even meat in the fairm o birds, rodents or carrion. In captivity, thay mey receive hinny, eggs, fish, yams, scrog leafs, orangers, or bananaes alang wi specially prepared fuid.

Male Panda can forby be refert tae as “ousie cou” in some culturs., mainly in Sichuan province, but in the Shaanxi an Gansu provinces an aa.
As a result o fairming, deforestation an ither development, the panda haes been boustit oot o the lawland auries whaur it uised tae bide.

The panda is a conservation reliant endangered species. A 2007 report shaws 239 pandas livin in captivity within Cheenae an anither 27 ootwi the kintra. Wild population estimates vary; ane estimate shaws that thare aboot 1,590 individuals livin in the wild, while a 2006 study via DNA analysis estimatit that this figur could be as heich as 2,000 tae 3,000. Some reports forby shaw that the nummer o pandas in the wild is on the rise. In 2016, the IUCN reclassifee'd the species frae Endangered tae Vulnerable.

Awtho the dragon haes aften served as Cheenae's naitional emblem, internationally the panda appears at least as commonly. As sic a thing is the case, it is becomin widely uised athin Cheenae in international contexts, for ensample the five Fuwa mascots o the Beijing Olympics.

## References

## Freemit airtins
*BBC Naitur:  Giant panda news, an video clips frae BBC programmes past an present.
*GLOBIO's Glossopedia; Giant Panda  – Childer's science an naitur encyclopedie
*Panda Pioneer: the release o the first captive-bred panda 'Xiang Xiang' in 2006
*WWF – environmental conservation organization
*Pandas Internaitional  – panda conservation group
*Naitional Zoo Live Panda Cams  – Baby Panda Tai Shan an mither Mei Xiang
*Information frae Animal Diversity
*NPR News 2007/08/20 – Panda Romance Stems Frae Bamboo
* View the panda genome on Ensembl.
*https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/giant-panda
Ginkgo biloba

**Ginkgo** (***Ginkgo biloba***; in Cheenese an Japanese 銀杏, pinyin romanization: *yín xìng*, Hepburn romanisation: *ichō* or *ginnan*), spelt **gingko** an aa   an cried the **maidenhair tree** an aa, is a unique species o tree wi na close livin relatives. The ginkgo is a livin fossil, recognisably similar tae fossils datin back 270&nbsp;million years. Native tae Cheenae, the tree is widely cultivatit an wis introduced early tae human history. It haes various uises in tradeetional medicine an as a fuid.

## References

## Freemit airtins
* Growin Ginkgoes frae seed : bi the Ottawa Horticultural Society
* Gymnosperm Database
* Varsity o Californie Museum o Paleontology
* ''Ginkgo biloba'' information (Plants for a Futur)
* ''Ginkgo: MedlinePlus Supplements'' - U.S. Naitional Library o Medicine
* Ginkgo biloba Owerview - Varsity o Maryland Medical Center
Malvaceae

The **Malvaceae**, or the **mallows**, are a faimily o flouerin plants containin ower 200 genera wi close tae 2,300 species. Well-kent members o this faimily include okra, cotton, an cacao.  The lairgest genera in terms o nummer o species include *[[Hibiscus]]* (300 species), *Sterculia* (250 species), *Dombeya* (225 species), *Pavonia* (200 species), an *Sida* (200 species).

## References

## Freemit airtins
*Malvaceae in Tapwalks 
*Alverson, William S., Barbara A. Whitlock, Reto Nyffeler, Clemens Bayer an David A. Baum. 1999. Phylogeny o the core Malvales: evidence frae  ''ndh''F sequence data. ''American Journal o Botany'' 86: 1474-1486.
*Core Malvales  frae Tree o Life
*Malvaceae: plants o Hawaii (image gallery)  frae HEAR 
*Malvaceae Gallery
*Malvaceae o Mongolie in FloraGREIF
Hibiscus

***Hibiscus*** ( or ) is a genus o flouerin plants in the mallow faimily, Malvaceae. It is quite lairge, containin several hundred species that are native tae wairm-temperate, subtropical an tropical regions throughoot the warld. Member species are eften notit for thair shawy flouers an are commonly kent simply as **hibiscus**, or less widely kent as **rose mallow**. The genus includes baith annual an perennial herbaceous plants, as well as widdy shrubs an smaa trees. The generic name is derived frae the Greek wird ἱβίσκος (*hibískos*), which wis the name Pedanius Dioscorides (ca. 40–90) gae tae *[[Althaea officinalis]]*.

## References

## Freemit airtins
* American Hibiscus Society (AHS)
* Australian Hibiscus Society
* Internaitional Hibiscus Society
Malvales

The **Malvales** is an order o flouerin plants. As circumscribed bi APG II-seestem, the order includes aboot 6000 species athin 9 families. The order is placed in the eurosids II, that is pairt o the eudicots.

The plants is maistly shrubs an trees; maist o its faimilies hae a cosmopolitan distribution in the tropics an subtropics, wi leemitit expansion intae temperate regions. An interestin distribution occurs in Madagascar, whaur three endemic faimilies o Malvales (Sphaerosepalaceae, Sarcolaenaceae an Diegodendraceae) occur.

Mony species o Malvaceae *sensu lato* is kent for their wid, wi that o *[[Ochroma]]* (balsa) bein kent for its lichtness, an that o *[[Tilia]]* (lime, linden, or basswid) as a popular wid for carvin. Fruit o the cacao tree (*[[Theobroma cacao]]*) is uised as an ingredient for chocolate. Kola nuts (genus *[[Kola nut|Cola]]*) is notable for thair heich content o caffeine, an in past wur commonly uised for preparin o various cola drynks. Ither weel-kent members o Malvales in the APG II sense are daphnes, hibiscus, hollyhocks, okra, baobab trees, cotton, an kapok.

The morphology o Malvales is diverse, wi few common characteristics. Amang thaim, the maist commonly encountered is palmate leaves, connate sepals, an a specific structur an chemical composeetion o the seeds. The cortex is aften fibrous, built o saft phloem layers.

## References

## Freemit airtins
* Tree o Life Malvales
Rosids

The **rosids** are members o a muckle clade o flouerin plants, containin aboot 70,000 species, mair nor a quarter o aw angiosperms. The clade is dividit intae 16 tae 20 orders, dependin upon circumscription an classification. These orders, in turn, thegither comprise aboot 140 faimilies. The rosids an the asterids are bi far the mucklest clades in the eudicots.

## References
Nepenthes

***Nepenthes*** (), popularly kent as **tropical [[pitcher plant]]s** or **monkey cups**, is a genus o carnivorous plants in the monotypic faimily **Nepenthaceae**. The genus comprises roughly 140 species, an numerous naitural an mony cultivatit hybrids. Thay are maistly liana-fairmin plants o the Auld Warld tropics, rangin frae Sooth Cheenae, Indonesie, Malaysie an the Philippines; wastward tae Madagascar (twa species) an the Seychelles (ane); soothward tae Australie (three) an New Caledon (ane); an northward tae Indie (ane) an Sri Lanka (ane). The greatest diversity occurs on Borneo an Sumatra, wi mony endemic species. Mony are plants o het, humid, lawland aureas, but the majority are tropical montane plants, receivin warm days but cuil tae cauld, humid nichts year roond. A few are considered tropical alpine, wi cuil days an nichts near freezin.  The name "monkey cups" refers tae the fact that monkeys hae been observed drinkin rainwatter frae these plants.

## References

## Freemit airtins
* ''Nepenthes'' - the Monkey Cups  frae the Botanical Society o Americae
* Photographs of ''Nepenthes'' in thair naitural habitats bi Joachim Nerz
* ''Nepenthes'' photographs at the Carnivorous Plant Photo Finder
* A video aboot ''Nepenthes'' frae *[[The Private Life o Plants]]*
* The Carnivorous Plant FAQ: ''Nepenthes'' bi Barry Rice
* Evolution -- ''Nepenthes'' Phylogeny frae the Internaitional Carnivorous Plant Society
* Inner Warld o ''Nepenthes'' frae the John Innes Centre
Asterales

**Asterales** (AST-er-ALE'-eez) is an order o dicotyledonous flouerin plants that includes the muckle faimily Asteraceae (or Compositae) kent for composite flouers made o florets, an ten faimilies relatit tae the Asteraceae.

The order is a cosmopolite (plants foond throughoot maist o the warld includin desert an frigid zones), an includes maistly yerbaceous species, altho a smaa nummer o trees (sic as the giant Lobelia an the giant Senecio) an shrubs are an aa present.

Asterales are organisms that seem tae hae evolved frae ane common auncestor. Asterales share characteristics on morphological an biochemical levels.  Synapomorphies (a character that is shared bi twa or mair groups throu evolutionary development) include the presence in the plants o oligosaccharide inulin, a nutrient storage molecule uised insteid o starch; an unique stamen morphology. The stamens are uisually foond aroond the style, aither aggregatit densely or fused intae a tube, probably an adaptation in association wi the plunger (brush; or seicontar) pollination that is common amang the faimilies o the order, whaurin pollen is collecit an stored on the lenth o the pistil.

## References
Asterids

In the APG II seestem (2003) for the classification o flouerin plants, the name **asterids** denotes a clade (a monophyletic group).

Maist o the taxa belangin tae this clade had been referred tae the Asteridae in the Cronquist seestem (1981) an tae the Sympetalae in earlier seestems.  The name asterids (nae necessarily caipitalised) resembles the earlier botanical name but is intendit tae be the name o a clade rather than a formal ranked name, in the sense o the *[[ICBN]]*. This clade is ane o the twa maist speciose groups o **[[eudicots]]**, the ither bein the **[[rosids]]**.  It consists o:

* clade **asterids :**
*:: order Cornales
*:: order Ericales
*: clade **euasterids I**
*:::: faimily Boraginaceae
*:::: faimily Icacinaceae
*:::: faimily Oncothecaceae
*:::: faimily Vahliaceae
*::: order Garryales
*::: order Solanales
*::: order Gentianales
*::: order Lamiales
*: clade **euasterids II**
*:::: faimily Bruniaceae
*:::: faimily Columelliaceae (+ faimily Desfontainiaceae)
*:::: faimily Eremosynaceae
*:::: faimily Escalloniaceae (+ faimily Tribelaceae)
*:::: faimily Paracryphiaceae (+ families Sphenostemonaceae and Quintiniaceae)
*:::: faimily Polyosmaceae
*::: order Aquifoliales
*::: order Apiales
*::: order Dipsacales
*::: order Asterales

**Note :** “ + ....”  = optional as a segregate o the precedin faimily.

## Freemit airtins
*Asterids in Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Wabsteid. Version 7, Mey 2006.

## References
Eudicots

The **Eudicots**, **Eudicotidae** or **Eudicotyledons** is a monophyletic clade o flouerin plants that haed been cried *[[tricolpate]]s* or *non-magnoliid dicots* bi previous authors. The botanical terms wur introduced in 1991 bi evolutionary botanist James A. Doyle an paleobotanist Carol L. Hotton tae emphasise the later evolutionary divergence o tricolpate dicots frae earlier, less specialised, dicots.  The close relationships amang flouerin plants wi tricolpate pollen grains wis initially seen in morphological studies o shared derived chairacters. Thir plants haes a distinct trait in thair pollen grains o exhibitin three colpi or grooves parallelin the polar axis. Later molecular evidence confirmed the genetic basis for the evolutionary relationships amang flouerin plants wi tricolpate pollen grains an dicotyledonous traits. The term means "true dicotyledons" as it conteens the majority o plants that hae been considered dicots an hae chairacteristics o the dicots. The term "eudicots" haes subsequently been widely adoptit in botany tae refer tae ane o the twa lairgest clades o angiosperms (constitutin ower 70% o angiosperm species), monocots bein the ither. The remainin angiosperms is whiles referred tae as basal angiosperms or paleodicots but thae terms hinnae been widely or consistently adoptit as thay dinnae refer tae a monophyletic group.

The ither name for the eudicots is **[[tricolpate]]s**, a name whilk refers tae the rit structur o the pollen. Members o the group hae tricolpate pollen, or fairms derived frae it. Thae pollen hae three or mair pores set in furrows cried colpi. In contrast, maist o the ither seed plants (that is the gymnosperms, the monocots an the paleodicots) produce monosulcate pollen, wi a single pore set in a differently orientit raut cried the sulcus. The name "tricolpates" is preferred bi some botanists fur tae evit confuision wi the dicots, a non-monophyletic group (Judd & Olmstead 2004).

Numerous faimiliar plants are eudicots, includin mony common fuid plants, trees, an ornamentals. Some common an faimiliar eudicots include members o the sunflower faimily lik the common dandelion, the forget-me-nae, cabbitch an ither members o its faimily, aiple, buttercup, maple an macadamie. Maist leafy trees o mid-latitudes belang eudicots an aa, wi notable exceptions bein magnolies an tulip trees whilk belang tae magnoliids, an *[[Ginkgo biloba]]* whilk isnae an angiosperm.

The name "eudicots" (plural) is uised in the APG seestem, o 1998, an APG II seestem, o 2003, for classification o  angiosperms. It is applee'd tae a clade, a monophyletic group, that includes maist o the (umwhile) dicots.

## References

## Freemit airtins
* 
**[http://www.tolweb.org/eudicots  Eudicots] *, Tree o Life Wab Project
*Dicots  Plant Life Forms
Flouerin plant

The **flouerin plants** (**angiosperms**), kent as **Angiospermae** Lindl. or **Magnoliophyta** an aa, are the maist diverse group o land plants. Angiosperms are seed-producin plants lik the gymnosperms an can be distinguished frae the gymnosperms bi a series o synapomorphies (derived characteristics). Thir characteristics include flouers, endosperm within the seeds, an the production o fruits that contain the seeds. Etymologically,  means a plant that produces seeds within an enclosur; thay are fruitin plants, altho mair commonly referred tae as flouerin plants.

## References
Chrysanthemum

ė

**Chrysanthemums**, eften cried **mums** or **chrysanths**, are perennial flouerin plants o the genus *Chrysanthemum* in the faimily Asteraceae which are native tae Asie an northeastren Europe.  Aboot 30 species hae been described. Florists sometimes abbreviate the spellin tae "xants".

## Freemit airtins
*Germplasm Resources Information Network: ''Chrysanthemum'' 
*About.com page on Chrysanthemums 
*Unitit States Naitional Chrysanthemum Society wabsteid
*ICBN: Leet o conserved genera (scroll doun for *Chrysanthemum*)
*Auburn Varsity (College o Agricultur) wab page on Chrysanthemums 
*Varsity o Californie wab page on aphid management
Vokhomsky Destrict

**Vokhomsky Destrict** () is a admeenistrative an municipal destrict (raion), ane o the twinty-fower in Kostroma Oblast, Roushie. It is locatit in the east o the oblast. The aurie o the destrict is . Its admeenistrative centre is the landwart locality (a dounset) o Vokhma. Population:  13,444 (2002 Census);  The population o Vokhma accoonts for 43.2% o the destrict's total population.

## References
### Notes

### Sources
*
*
Baklava

**Baklava** (**buk-la-va**) is a rich, sweet ottoman pastry made o layers o phyllo pastry filled wi chopped nits an sweetened wi syrup or honey.

## References

## Freemit airtins
Sharyinsky Destrict

**Sharyinsky Destrict** () is a admeenistrative an municipal destrict (raion), ane o the twinty-fower in Kostroma Oblast, Roushie. It is locatit in the sootheast o the oblast. The aurie o the destrict is . Its admeenistrative centre is the toun o Sharya (which is no admeenistratively a pairt o the destrict). Population:  12,851 (2002 Census); 

## Admeenistrative an municipal status
Athin the framewirk o admeenistrative diveesions, Sharyinsky Destrict is ane o the twinty-fower in the oblast. The toun o Sharya serves as its admeenistrative centre, despite bein incorporatit separately as a toun o oblast significance—a admeenistrative unit wi the status equal tae that o the destricts.

As a municipal diveesion, the destrict is incorporatit as **Sharyinsky Municipal Destrict**. The toun o oblast significance o Sharya is incorporatit separately frae the destrict as Sharya Urban Okrug.

## References
### Notes

### Sources
*
*
*

__NOTOC__
Agave

***Agave*** ( or ) is a genus o monocots. The plants are perennial, but each rosette flouers ance an then dies (see semelparity). Some species are kent bi the name **century plant**.

In the APG III seestem, the genus is placed in the subfamily Agavoideae o the broadly circumscribed faimily Asparagaceae. Some authors prefer tae place it in the segregate faimily Agavaceae. Tradeetionally, it wis circumscribed tae be componed o aboot 166 species, but it is nou uisually unnerstuid tae hae aboot 208 species.

## References
Marion Bartoli

**Marion Bartoli** (born 2 October 1984) is a tap-10 French professional tennis player an the current French no. 1 (oot o five French players in the tap 100). She haes wan ane singles major (Wimbledon), seven ither Weemen's Tennis Association singles titles an three doubles titles. She wan the 2013 Wimbledon Championships efter previously bein runner-up in 2007, an wis a semi-finalist at the 2011 French Open.She annoonced her retirement frae professional tennis on 14 August 2013.

Bartoli haes defeatit three reignin warld no. 1 players in her career so far. She defeatit Justine Henin in the semifinal o the 2007 Wimbledon Championships, Jelena Janković in the fowert roond o the 2009 Australian Open, an Victoria Azarenka in the quarterfinals of the 2012 Sony Ericsson Open. She haes an aa recordit wins ower ither tap players such as Venus an Serena Williams, Ana Ivanovic, Lindsay Davenport, Arantxa Sánchez Vicario, Dinara Safina, Caroline Wozniacki, Petra Kvitová, Samantha Stosur an Kim Clijsters.

She is kent for her unorthodox style o play uisin twa haunds on baith her forehaund an backhaund. On 30 Januar 2012 she reached a career heich rankin o no. 7 in the warld. Bartoli haes reached at least the quarter-final stage at each o the fower Grand Slams. Her win at Wimbledon made her the saxt player in the open era tae win the Championships wioot droppin a set.

## Career statistics an Major finals

### Grand Slam tournaments
#### Singles: 2 (1–1)

### Singles performance timeline
*This table is current through [[2013 Wimbledon Championships]].*

## References

## Freemit airtins
*
*
Janko Tipsarević

**Janko Tipsarević** (, ; born Juin 22, 1984) is a Serbie professional tennis player who is currently ranked Warld No. 10 as o Aprile 1, 2013. His career-heich singles rankin is Warld No. 8, achieved on Aprile 2, 2012. In his career, he haes wan fower ATP Warld Tour titles, twa Futures, an nine toornaments in the ATP Challenger Series. Tipsarević an aa wan the 2001 Australian Open Junior title.

Tipsarević haes achieved twa victories ower a Warld No. 1 player, havin defeatit compatriot Novak Djokovic twice. He an aa haes thirteen victories against ither players in the tap 10: fower wins against Tomáš Berdych, an ane each against Fernando González, Mikhail Youzhny, David Ferrer, James Blake, Gaël Monfils, Andy Murray an Juan Mónaco. He haulds victories ower umwhile Warld No. 1 players Carlos Moyá, Marat Safin, Lleyton Hewitt, Juan Carlos Ferrero & Andy Roddick. His best results at a Grand Slam hae been reachin the quarterfinals at the US Open in 2011 & 2012.

## ATP career finals

### Singles: 11 (4–7)

### Doubles: 4 (1–3)

## Team competition finals: 3 (3–0)

## Singles performance timeline

*Tae prevent confusion an double coontin, information in this table is updatit anly ance a toornament or the player's parteecipation in the toornament haes concludit. Qualifyin matches an [[Walkower]]s are neither offeecial match wins nor losses. This table is current throu the [[2013 French Open]].

<sup>1</sup>Wis played on hairdcourt till 2008.<br>
<sup>2</sup>Held as [[Hamburg Masters]] till 2008.

==Doubles performance timeline==


*Tae prevent confusion an double coontin, information in this table is updatit anly ance a toornament or the player's parteecipation in the toornament haes concludit. Qualifyin matches an Walkowers are neither offeecial match wins nor losses. This table is current throu the 2013 Australian Open.

## References

## Freemit airtins
*
*
*
*His offeecial wabsteid
*bio * file interview wi Janko Tipsarević
*Tipsarević Recent Match Results 
*Tipsarević Warld Rankin History 
*Tipsarević in a simmer essentials slideshow for ''Men's Vogue'' Juin 2008 issue
Nicolás Maduro

**Nicolás Maduro Moros** (; born 23 November 1962) is a Venezuelan politeecian who is the current Preses o Venezuela. He wis previously the Vice Preses o Venezuela an the Meenister o Foreign Affairs unner Preses Hugo Chávez.

An umwhile bus driver, Maduro rose tae acome a trade union leader, afore bein electit tae the Naitional Assembly in 2000. He wis appyntit tae a nummer o poseetions within the Venezuelan Govrenment unner Chávez, ultimately bein made Foreign Meenister in 2006. He wis describit durin this time as the "maist capable admeenistrator an politeecian o Chávez's inner circle".

Efter Chávez's daith wis annoonced on 5 Mairch 2013, Maduro assumed the pouers an responsibilities o the Preses. A special election wis held on 14 Aprile o the same year tae elect a new Preses, which he wan bi a ticht margin as the candidate o the Unitit Socialist Pairty; he wis formally inaugurated on 19 Aprile.

## References

## Freemit airtins
* Biography bi CIDOB