open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Cleopatra III o Egyp

**Cleopatra III** (, 161–101 BC) wis queen o Egyp 142–101 BC.

Cleopatra III wis forby kent as **Cleopatra Euergetis** while associatit wi her husband Ptolemy VIII or her son Ptolemy X.  She is attestit as  **Cleopatra Philometor Soteira** while associated wi her eldest son Ptolemy IX. Accordin tae Strabo she wis whiles kent as **Cleopatra Kokke** when discussed in relation tae her son Ptolemy X.

## Younger Years
Cleopatra III’s uncle Ptolemy VIII o Egyp ruled thegither wi her parents frae ca 170 tae 164 BC at which pynt he expelled Cleopatra II an Ptolemy VI o Egyp. But he wis suin forced tae abdicate. Cleopatra III’s parents reteuk the throne an remained in pouer for amaist 20 years till 145 BC. Durin this time Cleopatra III wis born tae Ptolemy VI an Cleopatra II o Egyp (sometime atween 160 an 155 BC).  Cleopatra wis a sister o Ptolemy Eupator, Cleopatra Thea an possibly Berenice.

Efter the daith o her faither Ptolemy VI frae injuries sustained when fallin frae his horse durin the battle o Oinoparas against Alexander Balas,  Cleopatra III’s uncle Ptolemy VIII became the King o Egyp again.

## Joint rule wi her mither a husband
Ptolemy VIII first mairit Cleopatra III’s mither Cleopatra II in 145 BC, an mairit Cleopatra III in ca 139 BC. Cleopatra II rebelled against Ptolemy VIII in ca 132 BC. Cleopatra III fled tae Cyprus in 130 BC wi her husband Ptolemy VIII an wis able tae return tae Alexandria in 127 BC.

Cleopatra III an Ptolemy VIII haed five childer :
* Ptolemy IX born ca 143 BC
* Tryphaena born ca 141 BC. Mairit Antiochus VIII Grypus, king o Sirie in 124 BC
* Ptolemy X born ca 140 or 139 BC.  Mairit his niece Berenice (dochter o Ptolemy IX an Cleopatra Selene I)
* Cleopatra IV born atween 138 an 135 BC. Mairit first her brither Ptolemy IX an seicont Antiochus IX Cyzicenus, king o Sirie
* Cleopatra Selene I born atween 135 an 130 BC. Mairit first tae her brither Ptolemy IX, an later tae her brither Ptolemy X. Later mairit tae Antiochus VIII Grypus, king o Sirie, Antiochus IX Cyzicenus, king o Sirie an Antiochus X Eusebes, king o Sirie

In ca 124 BC Cleopatra III an her husband wur joined again bi her mither Cleopatra II as a joint ruler.

## Joint Rule wi her sons
Efter the daith o Ptolemy VIII in 116 BC Cleopatra III ruled jointly wi her mither Cleopatra II an her son Ptolemy IX.

Cleopatra III expelled Ptolemy IX frae Alexandria in 107 BC an replaced him as co-regent wi her seicont son Ptolemy X. Efter 6 years o joint rule Ptolemy X haed his mither Cleopatra III murdered in 101 BC.
Ptolemy I Soter

:*For the astronomer, see [[Ptolemy]]; for ithers named "Ptolemy" or "Ptolemaeus", see [[Ptolemy (disambiguation)]].*

**Ptolemy I Soter I ** (Greek: , *Ptolemaĩos Sōtḗr*, i.e. Ptolemy (pronoonced ) the Savior, c. 367 BC – c. 283 BC) wis a Macedonien Greek general unner Alexander the Great, who became ruler o Egyp (323 BC – 283 BC) an foonder o baith the Ptolemaic Kinrick an the Ptolemaic Dynasty. In 305/4 BC he teuk the title o pharaoh.

His mither wis Arsinoe o Macedon, an, while his faither is unkent, auncient soorces variously describe him either as the son o Lagus, a Macedonien nobleman, or as an illegitimate son o Philip II o Macedon (which, if true woud hae made Ptolemy the half-brither o Alexander). Ptolemy wis ane o Alexander's maist trusted generals, an wis amang the seiven *[[somatophylax|somatophylakes]]* (bodyguards) attached tae his person. He wis a few years aulder than Alexander, an haed been his intimate friend syne childhood. He mey even hae been in the group o noble teenagers tutored bi Aristotle.

Ptolemy served wi Alexander frae his first campaigns, an played a principal pairt in the later campaigns in Afghanistan an Indie. At the Susa marriage festival in 324, Alexander haed Ptolemy mairy the Persian princess Artakama. Ptolemy an aa haed a consort in Thaïs, the Athenien *[[hetaera]]* an ane o Alexander's companions in his conquest o the auncient warld.
Ptolemy VI Philometor

**Ptolemy VI Philometor** (Greek: ****, *Ptolemaĩos Philomḗtōr*, ca. 186–145 BC) wis a king o Egyp frae the Ptolemaic period. He reigned frae 180 tae 145 BC.

Ptolemy succeedit in 180 at the age o aboot 6 an ruled jointly wi his mither, Cleopatra I, till her daith in 176 BC.  The follaein year he mairit his sister, Cleopatra II.

In 170 BC, Antiochus IV began the saxt Sirian War an invaded Egyp twice.  He wis crouned as its king in 168, but abandoned his claim on the orders o the Roman Senate.

Frae 169–164, Egyp wis ruled bi a triumvirate consistin o Ptolemy, his sister-queen an his younger brither kent as Ptolemy VIII Physcon. In 164 he wis driven oot bi his brither an went tae Roum tae seek support, which he received frae Cato.  He wis restored the follaein year bi the intervention o the Alexandrians an ruled uneasily, cruelly suppressin frequent rebellions.

In 152 BC, he briefly ruled jointly wi ane o his sons, kent as Ptolemy Eupator, but it is thocht that Ptolemy Eupator dee'd that same year.

## Freemit airtins
* Ptolemy Philometor at LacusCurtius &mdash; (Chapter&nbsp;IX o E.&nbsp;R.&nbsp;Bevan's *House of Ptolemy*, 1923)
* Ptolemy VI  &mdash; (Egyptian Royal Genealogy)
* Ptolemy VI Philometor entry in historical sourcebook bi Mahlon H. Smith
Great Andamanese leids

The **Great Andamanese leids** ar aa near extinct leid family spoken bi the Great Andamanese fowks o the Andaman Islands, a union territory o Indie.

## The leids an their clessifeecation

The Andaman leids fall intae twa clear faimilies, Great Andamanese an Ongan, plus ane unattested leid, Sentinelese. These ar ordinar seen as relatit. Hooiver, the seemilarities atween Great Andamanese an Ongan ar so far mainly o a typological morphological naitur, wi little demonstratit common vocabulary. Tharefor, even lang-range resairchers sic as Joseph Greenberg hae expressit douts as tae the validity o Andamanese as a faimily, and Abbi conseeders the survivin Great Andamanese leid tae be an isolate.  The Great Andaman leids ar:

**Great Andamanese** (spoken bi Great Andamanese fowks)
*Southren
**Aka-Bea or Bea (extinct)
**Akar-Bale or Bale (extinct)
*Central
**Aka-Kede or Kede (extinct)
**Aka-Kol or Kol (extinct)
**Oko-Juwoi or Juwoi (extinct)
**A-Pucikwar or Pucikwar (extinct)
*Northren
**Aka-Cari or Chari (extinct)
**Aka-Kora or Kora (extinct)
**Aka-Jeru or Jeru; 36 speakers in 1997, bilingual in Hindi
**Aka-Bo or Bo (extinct)

Joseph Greenberg proposit that Great Andamanese is relatit tae western Papuan leids as members o a lairger phylum he caa'd Indo-Pacific, but this is na generally acceptit bi ither linguists. Stephen Wurm states that the lexical seemilarities atween Great Andamanese an the West Papuan an certain leids o Timor "ar quite strikin an amount tae virtual formal identity […] in a number o instances", but conseeders this tae be due tae a linguistic substratum raither than a direct relationship.

## References
Ford LTD II

The **Ford LTD II** wis a mid-size caur biggit bi the Ford Motor Company atween 1977 an 1979 for the North Americaen mercat.  It wis based on the Ford Torino, which it replaced, an uised the same platform as the concurrent Ford Thunderbird, which wis dounsized an dramatically reduced in price for 1977 tae occupy the mercat poseetion o the 1974-76 Ford Elite, which wis a Torino derivative designed tae compete wi the popular Chevrolet Monte Carlo.

When Ford redesigned its mid-sized models for 1977, the Torino name wis replaced bi "LTD II" in an attempt tae convince consumers that this wis really a dounsized full-size caur, much lik the new Chevrolet Impala an Caprice. The LTD IIs stylin emulated the squared-off grille an body lines o the lairger LTDs, which wur produced until the 1978 model year. A twa-door coupe an fower-door sedan wur available in aw three model years, wi a fower-door station wagon offered for 1977 anerlie.  It wis an aa the platform for the final Ford Rancheros.

While 1977 sales wur reasonably strong, thay dropped dramatically for 1978 an 1979 in the face o newly downsized intermediate models frae General Motors, as well as Chrysler's new Dodge Diplomat an Chrysler LeBaron an Ford's awn Fairmont, which teuk ower the mid-size wagon slot for 1978.  Ford downsized its awn full-size LTD for 1979, wi dimensions vera seemilar tae the LTD II.

The LTD II wisnae directly replaced in the Ford lineup. In 1980, the Fox platform-based Granada effectively teuk its place as the mid-size offerin, while the full-sized LTD continued wi seemilar dimensions.

Ingine choices wur aw V8s; the 5.0&nbsp;L 302 Windsor, the 5.8&nbsp;L 351M, the 5.8&nbsp;L 351 Windsor, or the 6.6&nbsp;L 400 Cleveland. The 400 wisnae available in 1979. The 302 wisnae available in Californie.

## References

1978 Ford LTD II Factory Sales Brochure - http://amcar.fvn.no/brochures/ford/78ltd/bilder/12.jpg
Ford Custom

The **Ford Custom** is a caur model name that haes been usied bi the Ford Motor Company baith in the Unitit States an Canadae frae the 1930s tae 1972.

For the 1949 model year, the Custom nameplate wis uised for the tap trim level in Ford's range o automobiles. For 1950 the name wis changed tae Custom Deluxe an then tae Customline for 1952 when it moved tae the midrange poseetion atween the new Mainline an Crestline models.

The Custom name returned for the 1957 model year alang wi a new Custom 300 series, thir twa models sitting belaw the Fairlane an Fairlane 500. The Custom 300 became the base model for 1958, but wis dropped frae the range for 1960. The Custom name reappeared again for 1964 an the Custom 500 nameplate made its debut the same year. While the Custom 500 wis a slicht step up, the Custom wis again the stripped, no-frills trim level o the full-sized Fords. Maist Customs wur sauld tae police an taxi fleets durin the 1960s, awtho anyane who wanted basic, no-frills transportation wi the convenience o a full-sized caur coud purchase ane.

The Ford Custom an Custom 500 nameplates wur dropped efter the 1972 model year, awtho the Custom 500 wis revived in 1975 an sauld primarily tae taxi, police, an fire fleet customers.

## Australien production
The Ford Custom wis an aa produced in Australie frae 1949 tae 1952, offered as the Fordor an the Utility. The umwhile wis a 4 door sedan an the latter a 2 door coupe utility developed bi Ford Australie. Australien content on the locally produced Custom haed reached 80% bi 1950.
Ford Model A (1903–04)

The original **Ford Model A** was the first car produced by the Ford Motor Company, beginning with production in 1903. Dr. Ernest Pfenning o Chicago, Illinois became the first ainer o a Model A on Julie 23, 1903. 1,750 cars war made frae 1903 throu 1904.  The Model A wis replaced bi the Ford Model C during 1904 wi some sales owerlap.

The car came as a twa-seater runaboot or fower-seater tonneau model wth the option tae add a tap.  The horizontal-muntit flat-2, situated at the amidships o the car, produced 8&nbsp;hp (6&nbsp;kW).  A planetary transmission wis fitted wi twa forrit speeds an a reverse, a Ford signature later seen on the Ford Model T.  The car weighed 1,240&nbsp;lb (562&nbsp;kg) an coud reach a tap speed o 28&nbsp;mph (45&nbsp;km/h). It haed a 72 in (1.8 m) wheelbase an sauld for a base price o US$750 (equivalent tae $18100 the day).. Options included a rear tonneau wi twa seats an a rear door for $100 (equivalent tae $2413 the day), a rubber ruif for $30 $30 (equivalent tae $724 the day) or a leather ruif for $50 (equivalent tae $1207 the day)..

The company haed spent awmaist its entire $28,000 (equivalent tae $675733 the day) initial investment funds wi nearly $223.65 (equivalent tae $5397 the day) left in its bank accoont when the first Model A wis sauld. The success o this car model generated a profit for the Ford Motor Company, Henry Ford's first successfu business.

Awtho Ford advertised the Model A as the "most reliable machine in the world", it suffered frae mony problems common tae vehicles o the era, includin overheating an slipping transmission bands.  The Model A wis sauld in reid bi the factory, tho some war later repainted in different colors.

## Model AC
Some 1904 Model A cars war equipped wi the lairger, mair powerful ingine o the Model C an war sauld as the **Model AC**.

## References
* 
*
Heidevolk

**Heidevolk** is a folk/viking metal baund frae the Netherlands. The leerical themes o their muisic ar inspired bi nature, the history o Gelderland, an the history o Germanic meethology. Aw o their leerics ar in their native leid, Dutch. Heidevolk's name translates in Scots as "fowk o the heath land".

## History
Heidevolk wis foondit unner the name Hymir in 2002 bi sax men inspired bi nature, Germanic meethology, folklore an the history o Gelderland. They haed a common desire tae create muisic that intended tae capture their fascination for these subjects. They came up wi the name Heidevolk while walkin through the Veluwe. The baund started performin live in 2003. Ever since 2003, the baund haes released ane demo, three full-length studio albums, an ane EP.

Their third album, Uit oude Grond, wis released tae generally positive critical acclaim, wi Ane writer callin the album "A hugely enjoyable release combinin aggressive metallic riffage with tastefully-entwined traditional fowk instrumentation an melody".

## Discography
**[[Het Gelders Volkslied]]* (demo, 2004)
**[[De Strijdlust is Geboren]]* (full-length, 2005)
**[[Wodan Heerst]]* (EP, 2007)
**[[Walhalla Wacht]]* (full-length, 2008)
**[[Uit oude Grond]]* (full-length, 2010)

## Line-up

### Current members
*Joris Boghtdrincker – vocals (2002-present)
*Mark Bockting (Mark Splintervuyscht) – vocals (2005-present)
*Reamon Bloem (Reamon Bomenbreker) – guitar (2005-present)
*Sebas van Eldik (Sebas Bloeddorst) – guitar (2002-present)
*Rowan Middelwijk (Rowan Roodbaert) – bass guitar (2006-present)
*Joost Westdijk (Joost den Vellenknotscher) – drums (2002-present)

### Umwhile members
*Jesse Vuerbaert – vocals (2002-2005)
*Niels Beenkerver – guitar (2002-2005)
*Paul Braadvraat – bass (2002-2006)
*Stefanie Speervrouw – violin (2007-2008)

## References
Aston Villa F.C.

**Aston Villa Football Club** (; forbye kent as ***Villa***, ***The Villa***  an ***The Villans***) is a Inglis professional fitbaw club based in Witton, Birmingham, that play in the Premier League. The club wis foondit in 1874 an hae played at their current hame grund, Villa Park, syne 1897. Aston Villa wis foonder members o The Fitbaa League in 1888. They wur foonder members o the Premier League in 1992 an aw. The club wis floated bi the previous awner an chairman Doug Ellis, but in 2006 fou control o the club wis acquired bi Randy Lerner.

They ar ane o the auldest an sonsiemaest fitbaw clubs in Inglan, winnin the First Division Championship seiven times an the FA Cup seiven times. Villa wan the 1981–82 European Cup, ane o anerlie fower Inglis clubs tae win whit is nou the UEFA Champions League. Aston Villa haes the fowert heichmaist tot o major honours wan bi an Inglis club.

They hae a rivalry wi local rivals Birmingham City. The Seicont Ceety derby atween Aston Villa an Birmingham Ceety haes been played syne 1879. The club's traditional kit colours ar claret sarks wi sky blue sleeves, white shorts an sky blue socks. Their traditional crest is o a rampant gowd lion on a licht blae background wi the club's slogan "Prepared" underneath; a modified version o this wis adopted in 2007

## Honours

### European
* European Cup:
** Winners (1): 1982
* European Super Cup:
** Winners (1): 1982–83
* Intertoto Cup:
** Winners (1): 2001

### Domestic
#### League
* Football League First Division / Premier League:
** Winners (7): 1894, 1896, 1897, 1899, 1900, 1910, 1981
** Runners up (10): 1889, 1903, 1908, 1911, 1913, 1914, 1931, 1933, 1990, 1993
* **[[Football League Second Division]]:**
** Winners (2): 1938, 1960
** Runners up (2): 1975, 1988
* **[[Football League Third Division]]:**
** Winners (1): 1972

#### Cups
* FA Cup:
** Winners (7): 1887, 1895, 1897, 1905, 1913, 1920, 1957
** Runners up (3): 1892, 1924, 2000
* **[[Football League Cup]]:**
** Winners (5): 1961, 1975, 1977, 1994, 1996
** Runners up (3): 1963, 1971, 2010
* **[[FA Community Shield|FA Charity Shield]]**
** Winners (1): 1981 (shared)
** Runners up (3): 1910, 1957, 1972
* **[[Football League War Cup]]**
** Winners (1): 1944 (Shared)

## References
Paraguayan Guaraní leid

**Guaraní**, specifically the primary variety kent as **Paraguayan Guaraní** (; endonym *avañe'ẽ* ), is an indigenous leid o Sooth Americae that belongs tae the Tupí-Guaraní subfamily o the Tupian leids. It is ane o the offeecial leids o Paraguay (alang wi Spaingie), whaur it is spoken bi 88% o the population, wi half o the landwart population monolingual. It is spoken bi communities in neebourin kintras, including parts o northren Argentinae an soothwastren Brazil, an is a seicont offeecial leid o the Argentine province o Corrientes.

Guaraní is the anerlie indigenous leid o the Americaes whose speakers include a lairge proportion o nan-indigenous fowk. This is an anomaly in the Americas where leid shift towards European colonial leids (in this case, the ither offeecial leid o Spaingie) haes itherwise been a nearly universal cultural an identity marker o mestizos (fowk o mixed Spaingie an Amerindian ancestry), an also o culturally assimilated, upwardly-mobile Amerindian fowk.

Jesuit priest Antonio Ruiz de Montoya, who wrote a book called *Tesoro de la lengua guaraní* ("The Treasure o the Guaraní Leid"), described Guaraní as a leid "so copious an elegant that it can compete wi the maist famous [o leids]."

The name "Guarani" is generally uised for the offeecial leid o Paraguay. However, this is part o a macroleid, or dialect chain, maist o whose components ar also aften called Guaraní. See Guaraní leid.
Noumena

**Noumena** is a melodic daith metal baund frae Finland. The baund's name comes frae the wird *[[noumenon]]*, a philosophical term uised bi Immanuel Kant. The baund consists o five members: vocalist Antti Haapanen, guitarists Tuukka Tuomela an Ville Lamminaho, bass guitarist Hannu Savolainen an drummer Ilkka Unnbom. Session member is female vocalist Suvi Uura.

## History
Noumena wis foondit in Ähtäri, Finland in the ware o 1998. In 1999, efter twa demo tapes an several concerts, the baund wis gien a record deal wi a Singaporean record label. Their debut album wis recordit later that year at Astia Studio; however, the record label went bankrupt before the album wis released. It wasna until late 2001 that an Australien label, Catharsis Records, agreed tae release the album, gien the title *Pride/Fall*.

The following years wur unproductive, until, in Januar 2004, Noumena released a fower-track promo. This wis moderately successful an led tae a deal wi Spikefarm Records. The baund spent the next October an November makin their seicont album, *Absence*, which wis released Aprile 13, 2005.

## Muisical style
The roots o Noumena's muisic may be foond in the Scandinavian daith metal tradition and 1980s hivy metal.

## Discography
### Albums
* *Pride/Fall* (2001)
* *Absence* (2005)
* *Anatomy of Life* (2006)
* *Death Walks With Me* (2013)
* *Myrrys* (2017)
* *Anima* (2020)

### EPs
* *Triumph and Loss* (2006) (digital release anerlie)

### Demos an Promos
* *Aeons* (1998)
* *For the Fragile One* (1999)
* *Promo 2000*
* *Sala*
* *The Tempter* (2004)

## References

## External links
* Noumena's official homepage
* 
*
Sojourner Truth

**Sojourner Truth** (c. 1797 – 26 November 1883) wis the sel-gien name, frae 1843, o **Isabella Baumfree**, an African-American abolitionist an weemeen's richts activist. Truth wis born intae sclavery in Swartekill, New York. Her maist faur-kent speech, 'Ain't I a Woman?', wis gied in 1851 at the Ohio Women's Rights Convention in Akron, Ohio.
Charlton Athletic F.C.

**Charlton Athletic Football Club** (elk-namit **The Addicks**) is a profeesional association fitbaw club based in Charlton, in the Royal Borough of Greenwich, Ingland. The club wis foondit on 9 Juin 1905, whan a nummer o youth clubs in the sootheast Lunnon area, includin East Street Mission an Blundell Mission, cam thegither tae form Charlton Athletic Football Club.

The club is based at The Valley, Charlton, whaur it haes pleyed sin 1919, apart frae ane year in Catford, durin 1923–24, an seiven years at Crystal Palace an West Ham United atween 1985 an 1992. Syne then thay hae returnt tae The Valley.

Charlton turnt professional in 1920 an first entert the Fitbaw League in 1921. Syne then, thay haed fower separate periods in the tap flight o Inglis fitbaw: atween 1936 an 1957; 1986 an 1990; 1998 an 1999, an 2000 tae 2007. Historically, Charlton's maist successfu period wis the 1930s, whan the club's heichest league finishes wur recordit, includin runners-up o the league in 1937, an efter Warld War II, whan the club reached the FA Cup final twice, winnin in 1947. 

## Honours
Watford F.C.

**Watford Football Club** is an Inglis professional association fitbaw club based in Watford, Hertfordshire. Thay pley in the Championship. The club wis foondit in 1881, an pleyed at seevral groonds afore flittin intae a permanent location at Vicarage Road in 1922, whare thay remain tae this day. Sin 1997, Watford hae shared the stadium wi Saracens Rugby Club.

The club is best kent for twa spells unner the management o umwhile Ingland manager Graham Taylor. The first lastit frae 1977 til 1987, whan the club rose tae the auld First Division frae the Fowert Division. Ance in the heichest division o Inglis fitbaw, Watford finished seicont in the league in 1983, reached the FA Cup final in 1984, an competit in the UEFA Cup in the 1983-84 season. The seicont period spanned frae 1997 tae 2001, whan Taylor teuk the club frae the recried Seicont Division tae the Premier League in successive seasons. Taylor is currently a non-executive director o the club, an honorary life preses alangside Sir Elton John, wha awned the club durin baith o these eras an haes continued a lang association wi the club. Watford compete in the EFL Championship, follaein relegation frae the Premier League in 2022.

## Honours

## References
Birmingham City F.C.

**Birmingham City Football Club** () is a professional association fitbaw club based in the ceety o Birmingham, Ingland. Formed in 1875 as **Small Heath Alliance**, they became **Small Heath** in 1888, then **Birmingham** in 1905, finally becomin Birmingham Ceety in 1943. At the end o the 2008–09 season, they wur promotit frae the Football League League Championship tae spend their saxt saison in the Premier League.

As Small Heath, they wur foonder members an first iver champions o the Fitbaa League Seicont Division. The maist successful period in their heestory wis in the 1950s an early 1960s. They achieved their highest finishing position o saxt in the First Division in the 1955–56 season an reached the 1956 FA Cup Final, progressed tae the final o the Inter-Ceeties Fairs Cup in 1960 an 1961, an wan their first major trophy, the League Cup, in 1963, beatin Aston Villa 3–1 on aggregate. They wan the latter for the seicont time in 2011. They hae played in the top tier o Inglis fitbaw for the majority o their heestory. Their langest period spent ootside the top diveesion, atween 1986 an 2002, includit twa brief spells in the third tier o the Inglis League, durin which time they twice wan the Fitbaa League Trophy.

St Andrew's haes been their hame grund syne 1906. They hae a lang-standin an fierce rivalry wi Aston Villa, their nearest neighbours, wi whom they play the Seicont Ceety derby. The club's nickname is **Blues**, due tae the colour o their kit, an their fans ar kent as Bluenoses.

## Honours
* Second Division / Division One / The Championship (level 2)
** Champions: 1892–93, 1920–21, 1947–48, 1954–55
** Runners up: 1893–94, 1900–01, 1902–03, 1971–72, 1984–85, 2006–07, 2008–09
** Play-aff winners: 2001–02
* Third Division / Division Two (level 3)
** Champions: 1994–95
** Runners up: 1991–92
* FA Cup
** Runners up: 1931, 1956
* League Cup
** Winners: 1963, 2011
** Runners up: 2001
* Inter-Cities Fairs Cup
** Runners up: 1960, 1961
* Associate Members Cup / Football League Trophy
** Winners: 1991, 1995
* Birmingham Senior Cup
** Winners: 1905

## References
Renault 9 an 11

The **Renault 9** an **Renault 11** are twa smaw faimily caurs producit bi the French manufacturer Renault for model years 1981-1988 in sedan (Renault 9) an hatchback (Renault 11) configurations &mdash; baith styled bi prominent French automobile designer, Robert Opron.

Variants wur manufacturt bi American Motors, as the Renault Alliance for the North American mercat for model years 1983-1987 &mdash; as well as for the Colombie mercat frae 1983 tae 1999.

The models wur the first Renault's tae uise a transverse front-wheel drive ingine configuration an featurt fower-wheel independent suspension.  Thay wur chosen the European Caur o the Year for 1982 as well as the Motor Trend Caur o the Year.
Daihatsu Trevis

The **[[Daihatsu]] Mira Gino** wis a kei caur wi distinctive retro styling made bi the Japanese automaker Daihatsu. It is based on the mair mainstream Daihatsu Mira an wis first introduced tae the Japanese mercat in 1999, wi the seicont generation followin in 2004. The seicont-generation model is an aa bein exportit as **Daihatsu Trevis** tae some markets in Europe.

## First generation (1999&ndash;2004)

The first generation wis introduced in 1999 an wis available in aither 3 or 5-door versions. The caur wis based on the fift generation o Daihatsu Mira produced atween 1998 an 2002.

The stylin evoked the design o the classic Mini.

## Seicont generation (2004&ndash;2009)

For the seicont generation, a 3-door version wis dropped an it wis anerlie available in the 5-door version. The Mira Gino wis discontinued in Mairch 2009.

Styling again borrowed frae the Mini, awtho this time mair frae the "new" BMW Mini.

## External links
*Daihatsu official site (English)
*Daihatsu official site (Japanese)

*Daihatsu catalogues (Japanese):*
*Photos 
*Specification 
*Other links*
*Daihatsu Trevis sold in Europe
Ford Model A (1927–31)

The **Ford Model A** o 1927–1931 (an aa colloquially cried the **A-Model Ford** or the **A**, an **A-bane** amang rodders an customizers) wis the seicont huge success for the Ford Motor Company, efter its predecessor, the Model T. First produced on October 20, 1927, but no sauld till December 2, it replaced the venerable Model T, which haed been produced for 18 year. This new Model A (a previous model haed uised the Model A name back in 1903–1904) wis designatit as a 1927 model an wis available in fower standard colors, but no black.

The Model A wis produced throu 1931. When production endit in Mairch, 1932, thare wur 4,849,340 Model As made in aw styles. Its successor wis the Model B, which featurt an updatit 4-cylinder ingine, followed bi the Model 18 which introduced Ford's new V8 ingine.
Ottoman Empire

The **Ottoman Empire**, kent offeecially as **Sublime Ottoman State** (Ottoman Turkis: دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه *Devlet-i ʿAliyye-yi ʿO<u>s</u>mâniyye*, Modren Turkis: *Yüce Osmanlı Devleti* or *Osmanlı İmparatorluğu*) wis an empire that lastit frae 1299 tae 1923.

At the hicht o its pouer, in the saxteent an seiventeent centuries, the empire spanned three continents, controlling the feck o Sootheastren Europe, Wastren Asie an North Africae The Ottoman Empire conteened 29 provinces an numerous vassal states, some o which wur later absorbed intae the empire, while ithers wur grantit various teeps o autonomy in the course o centuries. The empire temporarily gained authority ower distant owerseas lands forby, throu declarations o allegiance tae the Ottoman Sultan an Caliph, lik the declaration bi the Sultan o Aceh in 1565; or throu the temporar acquisitions o islands in the Atlantic Ocean, lik Lanzarote in 1585.

The empire wis at the centre o interactions atween the Eastern an Wastren warlds for sax centuries. Wi Constantinople as its caipital ceety, an vast control o lands aroond the eastren Mediterranean throu the reign o Suleiman the Magneeficent (ruled 1520 tae 1566), the Ottoman Empire wis, in mony respeckkts, an Islamic successor tae the Eastren Roman (Byzantine) Empire.

The Ottoman Empire came tae an end, as a regime unner an imperial monarchy, on November 1, Mehmed VI deportit frae Constantinople on November 17. It formally endit, as a *[[de jure]]* state, on Julie 24, 1923, unner the Treaty o Lausanne. Wi the Treaty of Lausanne (signed on Julie 24, 1923) the new Turkis State (still nae a Republic, whilk wis proclaimed later on October 29, 1923) heidquartered in Ankara wis internaitionally recognised as the successor tae the Sublime Ottoman State. It wis succeedit bi the Republic o Turkey whilk wis offeecially proclaimed on October 29, 1923.

The empire wis forby kent in Inglis as the **Osmanic Empire**, the **Osmanian Empire** or the **Ottoman State**. Mony contemporaries referred tae it as the **Turkis Empire** or simply **Turkey**.

## References
Napoleon

**Napoleon Bonaparte** (French: *Napoléon Bonaparte* , Italian: *Napoleone di Buonaparte*; 15 August 1769&nbsp;– 5 Mey 1821) kent tae history as **Napoleon**, wis a militar an poleetical leader o Fraunce an Emperor o the French as **Napoleon I**, whase actions shapit European politics in the early 19t century.

Napoleon wis born at Ajaccio in Corsicae tae parents o noble Genoese ancestry an trained as an artillery officer in mainland Fraunce. Bonaparte rase tae prominence unner the First French Republic an led successfu campaigns against the First an Seicont Coalitions arrayed against Fraunce. In 1799, he staged a *[[18 Brumaire|coup d'état]]* an installed himsel as First Consul; five year later the French Senate proclaimed him emperor. In the first decade o the nineteent century, the French Empire unner Napoleon engaged in a series o conflicts—the Napoleonic Wars—involvin every major European pouer. Efter a streak o veectories, Fraunce secured a dominant poseetion in continental Europe, an Napoleon mainteened the French sphere o influence throu the formation o extensive alliances an the appyntment o friends an faimily members tae rule ither European kintras as French client states.

The French invasion o Roushie in 1812 merked a turnin pynt in Napoleon's fortuins. His *[[Grande Armée]]* wis badly damaged in the campaign an never fully recovered. In 1813, the Saxt Coalition defeatit his forces at Leipzig; the follaein year the Coalition invaded Fraunce, forced Napoleon tae abdicate an exiled him tae the island o Elba. Less nor a year later, he escaped Elba an returned tae pouer, but wis defeatit at the Battle o Waterloo in Juin 1815. Napoleon spent the last sax year o his life in confinement bi the Breetish on the island o Saunt Helena. An autopsy concludit he dee'd o painch cancer, tho Sten Forshufvud an ither scientists hae syne conjectured that he wis pushioned wi arsenic.

Napoleon's campaigns ar studied at militar academies the warld ower. While considered a tyrant bi his opponents, he is an aa remembered for the establishment o the Napoleonic code, which laid the admeenistrative an judicial foondations for much o Wastren Europe.

## Titles an styles

* **1769&nbsp;– circa 1795**: *Nobile* Napoleone Buonaparte.
* **circa 1795&nbsp;– 1799**: Napoleon Bonaparte.
* **12 Dizember 1799&nbsp;– 18 Mey 1804**: Napoleon Bonaparte, First Consul o the French Republic.
* **18 Mey 1804&nbsp;– 11 Aprile 1814**: *His Imperial Majesty* The Emperor o the French.
** **17 Mairch 1805&nbsp;– 11 Aprile 1814**: *His Imperial an Ryal Majesty* The Emperor o the French, King o Italy.
* **11 Aprile 1814&nbsp;– 20 Mairch 1815**: *His Imperial Majesty* The Sovereign o the Island o Elba
* **20 Mairch 1815&nbsp;– 22 Juin 1815**: *His Imperial Majesty* The Emperor o the French.
*  **22 Juin 1815 - 5 Mey 1821**: *His Imperial Majesty* The Sovereign o the Island o Elba (*Titular/disputed*)
Insomnium

**Insomnium** is a Finnish melodic daith metal baund frae Joensuu, Finland. They are influenced bi doom metal, playin sangs aboot sorrow, daith, loss, an mournin. They also incorporate elements o nordic / norse fowk muisic an symphonic muisic intae their soond. Their name refers tae a category o nightmares/visions in Medieval Europe.

Insomnium hae steadily evolvit their style o muisic. Their melodies are hichtlie melancholic, an their oweraw soond is much daurker. The baund's leerics tend tae be influenced (an occasionally taken) frae classic poets like Friedrich Hölderlin, Edgar Allan Poe, Finnish classic Eino Leino an ither literatur.

## Baund members
### Current members
* Niilo Sevänen − vocals, bass (Watch Me Fall) (1997−present)
* Ville Friman − backin vocals, guitar (Arrival, Enter My Silence) (1997−present)
* Markus Vanhala - guitar (Omnium Gatherum) (2011-present)
* Markus Hirvonen − drums (1997−present)

### Umwhile members
* Ville Vänni − guitar (Watch Me Fall, ex-Hateform) (2001−2011)
* Tapani Pesonen − drums, guitar (1997−1998)
* Timo Partanen − guitar (1998−2001)

### Guest muisickers
* Varpu Vahtera − keybuirds on *In the Halls of Awaiting* (Watch Me Fall)
* Jone Väänänen − keybuirds
* Aleksi Munter − keybuirds
* Laura Naire − cello
* Jules Näveri (Profane Omen) - Clean vocals on Across the Dark
* Mikael Stanne - Guest vocals on "Weather the Storm"

## Discography
* *Demo '99* (demo) (1999)
* *Underneath the Moonlit Waves* (demo) (2000)
* *[[In the Halls of Awaiting]]* (2002)
* *[[Since the Day it All Came Down]]* (2004)
* *[[Above the Weeping World]]* (2006)
* *[[Across the Dark]]* (2009)
* *[[One for Sorrow (album)|One for Sorrow]]* (2011)
* *[[Shadows of the Dying Sun]]* (2014)
* *[[Winter’s Gate]]* (2016)
* *[[Heart Like a Grave]]* (2019)

## External links
* 
* 
* Insomnium at Last.fm
Ford Probe

The **Ford Probe** wis a coupe produced bi Ford, introduced in 1989 tae replace the Ford EXP as the company's sport compact caur. The Probe wis fully based on the Mazda G-platform uisin unique sheetmetal an interior. The instrument cluster an pop-up heidlicht mechanisms ar borrowed frae the FC RX-7. While it wis sauld warldwide as a sporty coupe, the Probe wis intendit tae fill the mercat niche formerly occupied bi the Capri in Europe, an awtho it wis intendit as the replacement tae the Ford EXP, it wis an aa considered a possible replacement for the Ford Mustang in the North American mercat as a direct competitor wi the Acura Integra an the Toyota Celica. Durin that time, Ford's marketin team haed deemed that a front-wheel drive platform (borrowed Mazda GD an GE platforms) wad hae lawer costs for production, an an' a' acause the platform haed been gainin popularity wi the consumers. Mustang fans objectit tae the front-wheel drive configuration, Japanese ingineerin, an lack o a V8, sae Ford began wirk on a new design for the Mustang insteid. The decision tae stap producin the vehicle wis made in 1997 acause the Probe wis the warst-performin model o that year sellin anerlie 32,505 vehicles.
Manuel Ferreira

**Manuel** ("***Nolo***") **Ferreira** (22 October 1905 &ndash; 29 Julie 1983) wis an Argentine fitbawer who wis a member o the Argentinae naitional team.

Ferreira wis pairt o the Argentine squad that wan the fitbaa siller medal at the 1928 Olympic tournament. He an aa captained the Argentine team at the 1930 FIFA Warld Cup finals, in which Argentinae finished as runner-up.

Ferreira wan the Copa Americae championship wi Argentinae in 1929 an an aa wan the Copa Newton in 1927 an 1928.

## References

## External links
* Futbol Factory profile (Archived)
Naitional Pantheon o the Heroes

The **Naitional Pantheon o the Heroes** () is a buildin an landmark o Asunción, Paraguay, an a naitional monument o Paraguay.  It is customary in Asuncion that when somethin heestoric happens (such as the victory o Preses Lugo in the 2008 elections) fowk flock wi their flags tae the street in front o it an celebrate the event.

The ceremonial changin o the guard is held several times a day.

## Gallery

Image:Panteon Asuncion Paraguay.jpg|The Naitional Pantheon bi day
Image:Panteon heroes paraguay.jpg|The Pantheon bi nicht
Rio de Janeiro

**Rio de Janeiro** ("River o Januar", ; ), commonly referred tae simply as **Rio**, is the caipital ceety o the State o Rio de Janeiro, the seicont lairgest ceety o Brazil an the third lairgest metropolitan aurie an agglomeration in Sooth Americae, 6t lairgest in the Americaes.

The ceety wis the caipital o Brazil for nearly twa centuries, frae 1763 tae 1815 durin the Portuguese colonial era, 1815 tae 1821 as the caipital o the United Kinrick o Portugal, Brazil an Algarves, an frae 1822 tae 1960 as an independent naition. Rio is nicknamed *A Cidade Maravilhosa* or "The Marvelous Ceety." It is considered a Beta- Warld Ceety.

Rio de Janeiro represents the seicont lairgest GDP in the kintra (an 30t lairgest in the warld), estimatit at aboot 140 billion reais (IBGE/2007), an is the headquarters o twa major Brazilian companies – Petrobras an Vale, an major ile companies an telephony in Brazil, besides the lairgest conglomerat o media an communications companies in Latin Americae, the Globo Organizations. Considered bi mony varsities an institutes, is the seicont lairgest centre o research an development in Brazil, accounting for 17% o naitional scienteefic production – accordin tae 2005 data.

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns — Sister ceeties
Rio de Janeiro is twinned wi:

## References
Gran Ciudad del Este

The **Greater Ciudad del Este** is a metropolitan aurie in Paraguay consistin o maist o the Alto Paraná Department. It is the seicont lairgest metropolitan aurie in Paraguay, efter the Gran Asunción. In Spaingie, it is referred tae bi various terms, includin the Gran Ciudad del Este, Area Metropolitana de Ciudad del Este, an Metro Ciudad del Este.

## Transportation

### Air
The Guarani Internaitional Airport, locatit in  Minga Guazú, connects this metropolitan aurie wi ither Sooth American destinations.

## See also
*Gran Asunción
*Ciudad del Este
Reverend

**Reverend** may refer tae the followin:
*Reverend (baund), American hivy metal baund
*Reverend Bizarre, Finnish doom metal baund
Daihatsu Charmant

The **Daihatsu Charmant** is a compact sedan biggit bi Daihatsu o Japan, based on the Toyota Corolla. It wis replaced bi the Daihatsu Applause.

The Charmant wis oreeginally a spin-off o the Toyota Corolla o the 1970s; model changes paralleled that o the Corolla.

Trim levels wur LC, LE an LGX; thir continued until 1987 when the range wis discontinued in the Unitit Kinrick.

The A35 body numbered Charmants wur equipped wi 1300 cc ingines. This teep o ingines wur codit as 4K Toyota ingines. A 1600 cc (OHC) ingine wis an aa available, which coud be ordered wi a 3-speed semi-automatic transmission. An aa thare wur 2T ingines offered for LHD caurs in Germany.

The Daihatsu Charmant wis aimed at the smaw executive saloon caur mercat in Breetain in the 1980s.
Daihatsu Terios

The **Daihatsu Terios** is a mini SUV, first released in 1997 bi the Japanese caur manufacturer Daihatsu. The ingines ar a modified Daihatsu Charade 1.3&nbsp;litre or kei caur 660&nbsp;cc unit, wi constant fower wheel drive (4WD) or twa wheel drive (2WD), respectively. It haes 5-speed manual transmission or 4-speed automatic transmission. The width o the first generation Terios is less nor 1500&nbsp;mm, tae fulfil the kei caur regulations. An aa tae meet thir regulations, the kei caur Terios is shorter, losin the rearmaist side windae. The seicont generation o Terios wis co-developed bi Daihatsu an fellae Japanese manufacturer Toyota.
Daihatsu YRV

The **Daihatsu YRV** is a mini MPV manufactured bi the Japanese automaker Daihatsu. The name is short for "Young Recreational Vehicle".

## Ingines
* EJ-VE
* K3-VE2
* K3-VE
* K3-VET
* K3-VET-R

## Features
* All-wheel drive seestem named "4Trak", anerlie available coupled wi K3-VE, aw ithers version ar equipped wi 2WD.* The YRV haes an option for an electronically controlled 4-speed automatic transmission, wi biggit-in "steer shift" function. YRV turbo anerlie comes wi the mentioned option.
* Fauldable rear seats allou for the YRV tae allocate mair space for luggage.

## External links
*Daihatsu Webpage (English)
*Daihatsu Webpage (Japanese)
Ford Model TT

The **Ford Model TT** truck wis rated at ae ton.  It wis based on the Ford Model T,  but wi a heavier frame an rear axle. The rear axle haed a worm drive an crown wheel, unalike the Ford Model T's Crown wheel an pinion. The worm wis locatit at the end o the driveshaft an abuin the croun wheel. The wheelbase o the caur wis 100&nbsp;inch an the wheelbase o the TT wis 125&nbsp;inches. It wis aften equippit wi a **'ruckstell axle**' or some ither accessory gearbox whilk alloued the truck tae hae an intermediate gear atween laich an heich, which wis uiseful for hill climbin.  It wis aften sellt as a chassis wi the buyer supplyin the truck body as needit. Mass production wi Ford produced bodies ran frae 1925 tae 1927, but production o the Ford TT haed startit wi the first TT chassis bein released in 1917. 
It wis vera durable for the time, but slaw whan compared tae mair modren expectations. Wi standard gearin, a speed o na mair nor 15 m.p.h. wis recommendit, an wi special gearin, a speed o na mair nor 22 m.p.h. wis recommendit, accordin tae Ford Dealers Data Beuk 1923. Standard worm gear ratio wis 7.25:1, special gearin 5.17:1.

Production nummers for the Ford Model TT

Year - Production

1917 - 3

1918 - 41,105

1919 - 70,816

1920 - 135,002

1921 - 118,583

1922 - 135,629

1923 - 197,057

1924 - 139,435

1925 - 197,390

1926 - 228,496

1927 - 83,202

*Production nummers dinna include foreign production
Ford Model N

The **Ford Model N** wis a cheap automobile produced bi the Ford Motor Company. It wis introduced in 1906 as a successor tae the Models A, C an F as the company's cheap entry-level line.

The Model N diverged frae its predecessors in that it wis a front-engine caur wi a 4-cylinder ingine. The 15 hp straight-4 drove the rear wheels via a lang shaft. The caur haed a wheelbase size o 84&nbsp;in (2.1&nbsp;m).

A successfu model, 7000 caurs wis made til production endit in 1908. At $500, the caur wis viewed as heich affordable at the time; bi contrast, the hie-volume Oldsmobile Runabout wis sellt for US$650, Western's Gale Model A wis US$500, the Brush Runabout US$485, the Black wis sellt for as laich a price as $375, an the Success hit the mazin law US$250.
Reverend Bizarre

**Reverend Bizarre** wis a doom metal baund frae Finland. Thay played slaw an hivy traditional doom wi dramatic vocals, followin in the fitstaps o baunds lik Saint Vitus, Pentagram an Black Sabbath.

Accordin tae Albert Witchfinder, the baund haed planned three mair fou-lenth albums: *Songs from the Funereal World*, *Heavier Than Life* an *How It Was Meant to Be*, but this plan wis later devault an the baund made anerlie ae mair LP, disbandin Reverend Bizarre "afore it gaed ill-farrant."  The album, *[[III So Long Suckers]]*, wis recordit in the first hauf o 2007, an released in August o that year. The baund's last concerts wur played in the hairst an winter o 2006 culminatin in a final performance in Turku.
The baund wis ane o the biggest names in the fowert wave o traditional doom metal.

Twa o the baund's EPs, *[[Harbinger of Metal]]* an *[[Return to the Rectory]]*, actually exceed seiventie minute in lenth.
Syne thair disbandin, Albert Witchfinder haes a new baund cried The Puritan, an Peter Vicar haes foondit a new baund cried Lord Vicar, whilk is gaun tae release (alang wi oreeginal material) sangs that Vicar writ for Reverend Bizarre whilk didna mak it ontae ony album.

## Members
* Albert Witchfinder - Singin, bass
* Peter Vicar - guitar
* Earl of Void - drums, guitar, keyboards

**Previous members**
*Juippi - drums

## Discography
### Albums
* *[[In the Rectory of the Bizarre Reverend]]* (2002)
* *[[II Crush the Insects|II: Crush the Insects]]* (2005)
* ** (2007)

### [[Extended play|EPs]] an singles
* *[[Harbinger of Metal]]* (CDEP, 2003)
* *[[Return to the Rectory]]* (CDEP, 2004)
* *[[Slave of Satan]]* (CDS, 2005)
* *[[Thulsa Doom (album)|Thulsa Doom]]* (7" EP, 2006)
* *[[Teutonic Witch]]* (CDS, 2007)
* *[[Dark World/Deceiver]]* (7" EP, 2008)
* *[[The Goddess of Doom]]* (12" EP, 2008)
* *Magick with Tears* (Dooble 12" (leemitit to 500 copies), Tyrannus Records (Chile), 5/29/2009)

### Splits
* 7" split wi Ritual Steel (2003)
* 12" split wi Orodruin (2004)
* 7" split wi Minotauri (2004)
* 7" split wi Mannhai (2006)
* 7"/CD split wi Kuolema
* 12" split wi Rättö ja Lehtisalo
* 12" split wi Electric Wizard
* 12" split wi Mr. Velcro Fastener

### Demos
* *Practice Sessions* (unpublished rehearsal tape, 1995)
* *Slice of Doom* (1999)
* *You Shall Suffer!* (extremely leemitit CDr, 2003)

### Compilations
* *[[Slice of Doom 1999-2002]]* (2004)
* *[[Death is Glory...Now]]* (2009)

## External links
*Reverend Bizarre at MySpace
*Reverend Bizarre at Encyclopaedia Metallum
Ford Zephyr

The **Ford Zephyr** wis a caur manufactured bi the Ford Motor Company in the Unitit Kinrick. Atween 1950 an 1972, it wis sauld as a mair pouerful sax-cylinder saloon tae complement the fower-cylinder Ford Consul: frae 1962 the Zephyr itself wis offered in baith fower- an sax-cylinder versions.

The Zephyr an its luxury variant, the **Zephyr Zodiac** which appeared in 1955, wur the lairgest passenger caurs in the Breetish Ford range frae 1950 till thay wur replaced in 1971 bi a lairger Ford Consul an Granada.

## History
The Mark I Ford Consul an Zephyr models wur first displayed at the Earl's Court motor shaw in 1950. Thay wur the first tae uise in mass production the MacPherson Strut independent front suspension which is still widely uised the day. Production began wi the Consul on Januar 1, 1951. The Mark I model ran till 1956. Frae Aprile 1956 the Mark II Consul, Zephyr an Zodiac went on sale an wur kent as the Three Graces. The Mark II range wis a big seller an finished its run in 1962 when frae Aprile that year the Mark III Zephyr 4, Zephyr 6 an Zodiac went on sale; the Consul name wis dropped, the caur's place in the Ford UK line-up bein filled bi the first fower-cylinder Ford Zephyr. While the Mark II Zephyr an Zodiacs haed shared the same body (the Consul haed shorter front guards an bulkhead), the new Zodiac an Zephyrs launched in 1962 shared few body panels. Wi the Mark III, Ford finally sortit oot problems that haed beset previous models (Mark I axles an Mark II gearboxes wur parteecular weaknesses) an the Mark III proved tae be the maist popular an durable o the range (it is said that possibly nae ither UK-based caur haed unnergane as much pre-production testin). The model sauld at a rate equal tae or better nor the Mark II baith in the UK an overseas, but wis in production for a shorter time. During the last months o production, an up-mercat Executive version wis addit tae the Mark III range, an examples o thir are the day hichtlie sought efter. The Mk III range wis discontinued in Januar 1966 (mony believe prematurely gien the caurs' success) an the completely new Zephyr / Zodiac Mark IV range wis released in Aprile 1966. This caur wis somewha ahead o its time wi a design that anticipatit the later Consul/Granada range wi V-ingines an independent rear suspension, but the research an development o the model wis very rushed an this unfortunately reflectit in its durability.

Awtho the Ford Zephyr niver saw American production, caurs wur importit intae the US an the name itself haes appeared on ither American Ford-relatit caurs: the Mercury Zephyr wis an upscale version o the Ford Fairmont, an the Lincoln Zephyr began its seicont production run in 2006 (the first wis frae 1936 tae 1942).
Lincoln-Zephyr

**Lincoln-Zephyr** wis a brand name for the lawer priced line of luxury cars in the Lincoln line.  Lincoln-Zephyr an Mercury bridged the wide gap atween Ford's DeLuxe line an the exclusive Lincoln K-series caurs.  This served a purpose similar tae Cadillac's smawer LaSalle "companion caur".

## References
Citroën Xsara

The **Citroën Xsara** is a sma family caur produced bi the French automaker Citroën frae 1997 tae 2006.

Lik its predecessor, the Citroën ZX, the Xsara shares runnin gear wi the Peugeot 306.

It came in three- an five-door hatchback an five-door estate body styles; the estate wis marketit as the *Break* an the three-door as the *Coupé*. The straucht-4 ingine range includes 1.4, 1.6, 1.8 an 2.0-litre petrol ingines as well as 1.6, 1.9 an 2.0-litre turbodiesels.

The Xsara wis 1998 Semperit Erse Caur o the Year in Ireland.

## References