Shantou

**Shàntóu** (), cried **Swatow** or **Suátao** an aa, is a prefectur-level ceety on the eastren coast o Guangdong province, Fowkrepublic o Cheenae, wi a tot population o 5,391,028 as o 2010 an an admeenistrative aurie o . Wi it an the immediately surroondin ceeties o Jieyang an Chaozhou, the metropolitan region – kent as Chaoshan – covers an auriea o , an haed a permanent population o 13,937,897 at the end o 2010.

Shantou, a ceety signeeficant in 19t-century Cheenese history as ane o the treaty ports established for Wastren trade an contact, wis ane o the oreeginal Special Economic Zones o the Fowkrepublic o China established in the 1980s, but did nae blossom in the manner that ceeties such as Shenzhen, Xiamen an Zhuhai did.  However, it remains eastren Guangdong's economic centre, an is home tae Shantou Varsity, a member o the Project 211 group.

## History

Shantou wis a fishin veelage pairt o Tuojiang Ceety (鮀江都), Jieyang Destrict (揭陽縣) durin the Song Dynasty. It came tae be Xialing (廈嶺) durin the Yuan Dynasty. In 1563, Shantou wis a pairt o Chenghai Destrict (澄海縣) in Chao Prefectur (Chaozhou). As early as 1574, Shantou haed been cried Shashan Ping (沙汕坪). In the seventeent century, a cannon platform cried Shashan Toupaotai (沙汕頭炮臺 sha shan tou pao tai) wis made here, an the placename later wis shortened tae "Shantou". Locally it has been referred tae as Kialat.

Connectin tae Shantou athort the Queshi Bridge is Queshi (礐石) which haed been kent bi the local fowk through the 19t century as Kakchio. It wis the main steid for the American an Breetish Consulates. The day the aurie is a scenic pairk but some o the structurs are somewhat preserved frae its earlier history.

It became a ceety in 1919, an wis separatit frae Chenghai in 1921. 1922 saw the devastatin Swatow Typhoon, which killed 5,000 oot o the 65,000 fowk then inhabitin the ceety.

In the 1930s, as a transport hub an a merchandise distribution centre in Sootheast Cheenae, Shantou Port's cargo throughput ranked third in the kintra.  A brief accoont o a visit tae the ceety Inglis durin this period is the Inglis accoontant Max Relton's *A Man in the East: A Journey through French Indo-Cheenae* (Michael Joseph Ltd., London, 1939).

Wi heicher-level admeenistrative authority, Shantou govrened Chaozhou Ceety an Jieyang Ceety frae 1983 tae 1989.

## Admeenistration

Shantou is a prefectur-level ceety. It haes direct jurisdiction ower sax destricts an ane coonty.

As o 2003, the destrict o Haojiang wis established oot o Hepu an Dahao which haed been merged, an the destrict o Jinping Shengping an Jinyuan; Waisha an Xinxi Toun, pairt o umwhile Chenghai Ceety, wis merged intae Longhu Destrict; Chenghai Ceety became Chenghai Destrict; Chaoyang Ceety wis dividit an became Chaoyang an Chaonan Destrict respectively.

## Geografie an climate

Shantou is locatit in eastren Guangdong wi latitude spanning 23°02′33″ – 23°38′50″ N an longitude 116°14′40″ – 117°19′35″ E; the Tropic o Cancer passes through the northren pairt o the ceety, an alang it there is a monument, in fact the eastrenmaist in mainland Cheena, at . The heichest peak in the ceety's admeenistration is Munt Dajian () on Nan'ao Island, at ; the heichest peak on the geographic mainland is Munt Lianhua (), at  in Chenghai Destrict. The ceety is locatit at the mooths o the Han, Rong (), an Lian Rivers.

Shantou haes a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen *Cfa*), wi short, mild tae warm winters, an lang, het, humid simmers. Winter begins sunny an dry but becomes progressively wetter an cloudier. Ware is generally owercast, while simmer brings the hiviest rains o the year though is much sunnier; thare are 8.2 days annually wi  o rainfaw. Hairst is sunny an dry. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges frae  in Januar tae  in Julie, an the annual mean is . The annual rainfaw is aroond , aboot 60% o which occurs frae Mey tae August. Thare are 1,979 oors o bricht sunshine annually.

## Twin towns — sister cities
**Shantou is [[Toun twinnin|twinned]] wi the followin ceeties:** 

**Friendly exchanges:**

## References

## Freemit airtins

*  Offeecial govrenment wabsteid
*  Wabsteid o Shantou Govrenment
* Shantou Daily 
* Guangdong Statistical Yearbook