open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
James Clerk Maxwell

**James Clerk Maxwell** (13 Juin 1831 – 5 November 1879) wis a Scots physicist, born in Edinburgh. Maxwell developit a set o equations expressin the basic laws o eletric an magnetism as weel as the Maxwell distribution in the kinetic theory o gases. 

He wis the last member o a cadet brainch o the weel-kent Scots faimlie o Clerk o Penicuik. He wis eddicatit at Edinburgh Academy than the Varsity o Edinburgh, and Cambridge. He taucht at Marischal College, Aiberdeen and Keeng's College, London, and the Varsity o Cambridge. He wis eleckit tae the Ryal Society in 1866, but wisnae gien ony Scots awards or honours whan alive. He dee'd on 5 November 1879, and is buirit at Parton, Kirkcudbrightshire. 

Maxwell is aften thocht on as the scientist o the 1800s that haed the maist influence on the physics o the 1900s, makkin contreibutions tae the basic models o naitur. In 1931, on the centennial anniversar o Maxwell's birth, Einstein descrieved Maxwell's wark as the "*maist profound an the maist fruitfu that physics haes experienced syne the time o [[Isaac Newton|Newton]].*"

Algebraic mathematics wi elements o geometry is a featur o a hantle o Maxwell's wark. Maxwell shawed that eletric an magnetic forces is twa complementar aspecks o eletromagnetism. He shawed that eletric an magnetic fields traivels throu space, in the form o waves, at a steady velocity o 3.0 × 108 m/s. He proponed forby that licht wis a form o eletromagnetic radiation.

The scienteific compound derived CGS unit meisurin magnetic flux (aften shortent til *f*), the maxwell (Mx), is named in his honour. A reenge o muntains on Venus, Maxwell Montes, is named efter him, as weel as the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, the mucklest sub-mm astronomical prospect in the warld, wi a diameter o 15 metres, whit wis 30 year auld in 2017.

A  science biggin at the Varsity o Edinburgh is named efter him, kent as the JCMB biggin. In 2007 a new science biggin at Edinburgh Academy wis named efter him an haed his equations carvit intae the lobby waw. In 2008, a fou-size statue o him wis pitten up in George Street, Edinburgh.

## Fremmit airtins
* Campbell, Lewis, "*[http://www.sonnetusa.com/bio/maxwell.asp The Life of James Clerk Maxwell] *". 1882. [Digital Preservation]
* Maxwell, James Clerk, "*A Treatise on Electricity & Magnetism*". Dover Publications, New York. 1873. ISBN 0-486-60636-8 (Vol. 1) ISBN 0-486-60637-6 (Vol. 2)
* Jack, Peter Michael, "*[http://www.hypercomplex.com/research/emgrav/hypcx-p20001015.html Maxwell-equations: A Brief Note] *". Physical space as a quaternion structur - I.
* Glenlair Today
* Wolfram Research's Maxwell
* MacTutor's Maxwell 
* Victorian Web's Maxwell 
* Maxwell and the Christian Proposition
* 1911 ''Britannica Maxwell'' 
* The James Clerk Maxwell Foundation Includin a virtual tour o the museum.

## Soorces
First Meenister o Scotland

The **First Meenister o Scotland** (, ) is the heid o the Scots Govrenment. The post wis estaiblisht in 1999 alangside the Scots Pairlament an the praisent First Meenister is John Swinney, he haes haudit the post syne 8 Mey 2024.

The First Meenister is chuised bi a vote o the Scots Pairlament an than appyntit bi the ringin Monarch o the Unitit Kinrik.

## Historie
The first body tae haud the poseetion o First Meenister wis Donald Dewar, aften cried the *[[Faither o the Naition]]*, or forbie the faither o devolved govrenment. Whan he wis Secretar o State for Scotland, Dewar's acts an wirks wis instrumental in gettin the referrendum that led tae devolution in Scotland. He haudit the office he helpit tae create for a short time til it endit sudden-like whan he dee'd o a brain haemorrhage in 2000.

Henry McLeish teuk his place; he serred in the poseetion for a gey short time, haen tae demit efter a scaundal anent his finances while a Wastmeenster CP. McLeish denee'd ony wrangdaein, claimin it wis a "*muddle, rather than a fiddle*", but muckle pressure wis brocht tae bear on him an he felt he haed nae chyce ither nor demittin; he did in 2001.

McLeish's job wis taen ower bi Jack McConnell, wha haed stuiden unsuccessfu agin McLeish for heidship o the Scots Labour Pairty. This made McConnell First Meenister fae then till 2007. McConnell said his kin of chiefship wad be chairacterised bi the Scots Executive ettlin tae "*do less, but do it better*".

Alex Salmond wis First Meenister fae 2007 tae 2014 as the heid o a coalition government atween the Scots National Pairty (SNP) an the Scots Greens in a minorite govrenment. In 2012 he led the SNP tae become the first pairty tae win a majority o seats in the Scots Pairlament, this wis also the year whan the Scots Executive wis renemmed tae the Scots Govrenment. In 2014 Nicola Sturgeon teuk ower as heid o the SNP and First Meenister an wis reelectit in 2017. In 2023, Sturgeon demittit an wis replaced wi Humza Yousaf, wha wis the first Asian an Muslim Scot tae hauld the post. Yousaf demittit in Mey 2024 efter the collapse o the Bute House Greeance wi the Green Pairty an wis succeedit bi John Swinney.

The First Meenister is Keeper o the Great Seal o Scotland, an thair place in the order o precedence in Scotland is determinit bi that office.

## Offeecial bidin
Bute House in Embro's Charlotte Square is the offeecial hame o the First Meenister.

## Leet o First Meenisters o Scotland
* Donald Dewar (1999-2000) Labour
* Henry McLeish (2000-2001) Labour
* Jack McConnell (2001-2007) Labour
* Alex Salmond (2007-2014) SNP
* Nicola Sturgeon (2014-2023) SNP
* Humza Yousaf (2023-2024) SNP
* John Swinney (2024-present) SNP

## Leet o [[Depute First Meinister o Scotland|Depute First Meenisters o Scotland]]
* Jim Wallace (1999-2005) Leeberal Democrat
* Nicol Stephen (2005-2007) Leeberal Democrat
* Nicola Sturgeon (2007-2014) SNP
* John Swinney (2014-2023) SNP
* Shona Robison (2023-2024) SNP
* Kate Forbes (2024-present) SNP

## References
Depute First Meenister o Scotland

The **Depute First Meenister o Scotland** (Scots Gaelic: Leas-Phrìomh Mhinistear) is the Depute tae the First Meenister o Scotland. The post is hauden bi John Swinney syne 2014. Syne the May 2021 election, he is baith Deputy First Meenister an Cabinet Secretar fir Covid Recovery.

The post isna recogneesed in statute (as agin the post o First Meenister, estaiblisht bi the Scotland Act 1998), an its hauder is juist an ordinar member o the Scots Executive, but the post haes existit in practice syne the estaiblishment o the Scots Pairlament an Scots Executive in 1999.  

The Addeetional Member Seestem uised for tae wale Memmers o the Scots Pairlament maks it haurd for an aesome pairty tae hae an absolute majority. Frae 1999 tae 2007 the Scots Executive wis pitten thegither bi a Labour an Leeberal Democrat coalition. The First Meenister wis appyntit frae the majority coalition pairtner (Labour) an the Depute First Meenister frae the minority pairtner (Leeberal Democrats).

Syne 2007, the Scots Executive haes been a Scots National Pairty minority administration; the First Meenister Alex Salmond appyntit the depute convenor o the SNP, Nicola Sturgeon, as Depute First Meenister. And syne the 20t November 2014, Sturgeon wis hersel the First Meenister, an she appyntit John Swinney as her depute, and baith were re-electit in May 2021. 

The responsibilities o the Depute First Meenister are set bi the First Meenister o Scotland.

While the first First Meenister, Donald Dewar, wis seek, the then Depute First Meenister Jim Wallace teuk ower the rinnin o the Executive.

## Depute First Meenisters o Scotland
*Jim Wallace (1999-2005) Leeberal Democrat
*Nicol Stephen (2005-2007) Leeberal Democrat
*Nicola Sturgeon (2007-2014) Scots National Pairty
*John Swinney (2014-present) Scots National Pairty

## References
Scots Pairlament election, 2003

The saicont Scots Pairlament walin wis hauden on Mey 1, 2003.  The ootcome wis charactereised bi the heeze in support for the Scots Greens an the Scots Socialist Pairty — baith pairties ootwi the "big fower" — an a dwyne in support for baith the Scots Labour Pairty an the Scots National Pairty (SNP).  Mauger predeictions o a foonder in thair support, the Tories' vote haudit up weel an thay managed tae wun three constituencies, as agin nane in the bygane walin.

Unthirlt MSP, Dennis Canavan wis jyned bi twa ither unthirlt members, Margo MacDonald an Jean Turner.  Scots Senior Ceitizens Unity Pairty chief John Swinburne wis waled an aa.

Tho the dwyne in support for the SNP wis seen bi some as a rejection o the case for Unthirldom, the nummer of MSPs for unthirldom waled actually rose syne baith the Greens an Scots Socialists support Scots unthirldom.

## Naitional Vote

### Constituency (First-Past-the-Post) ootcome

Tot o votes cuisten - 1,891,335

### Tap-up (Addeitional Member Seestem) ootcome

Tot o votes cuisten - 1,915,856

Total turnoot - 49.4%

## Scots Pairlamentary Representation

*Labour - 50 MSPs (-6)
*SNP - 27 MSPs (-8)
*Tory - 18 MSPs (nae chynge frae '99)
*Liberal Democrat - 17 MSPs (nae chynge frae '99)
*Scots Greens - 7 MSPs (+6)
*SSP - 6 MSPs (+5)
*Ithers - 4 MSPs (+3)

## Pairty Chiefs in 2003

*Labour - Jack McConnell
*Scots National Pairty - John Swinney
*Conservatives - David McLetchie
*Leeberal Democrats - Jim Wallace
*Scots Socialist Pairty - Tommy Sheridan
*Scots Greens - Robin Harper

## Relatit airticles

* Politics o Scotland

## Airtins tae ootby steids
*BBC: Vote Scotland 2003 
*The Scotsman: Scottish Parliament 2003 elections
Joe-1

**Joe Ane** (or **Joe-1**; USSR version **RDS-1** (*Reaktivnyi Dvigatel Specialnyi*; Special Jet Ingine)) wis the wastern name for the first Soviet atomic bomb Sey, on Augist 29, 1949 at Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan. The yield wis 22 kilotons. At Lavrenty Beria's insistence, the device wis a mair or less copy o the Unitit States Gadget/Fat Man design. It wis cried *First Lichtnin* bi the Soviets.

Its virr wis rochly equivalent tae aboot 20 kilotons o TNT, sib tae the American wappen drappit on Nagasaki, Japan. Its development wis years aheid o American militar-intelligence projections an came as a conflummix tae the Wast.

The American codename wis in remit tae Joseph Stalin, the Soviet leader.

## See forbye
* Soviet atomic bomb project

## Ootwi airtins
* Information aboot Joe 1 frae Carey Sublette's NuclearWappenArchive.org 
* http://www.atomicmuseum.com/tour/coldwar.cfm 
* http://www.kazakhembus.com/Nuc_gp.html
Tharsis Tholus

**Tharsis Tholus** is a volcano on the planet Maurs, an it meisurs aboot 93 mile athort an is 5 mile heich. The aest an wast leets is duntit in giein it an orra cast. Ae possible cause for its cast is that whan the lava supplee dwined awa, the mids o the volcano foondered.
NASA

The **National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)**, that wis staiblisht in 1958, is the agency responsible for the public ooter-space program o the Unitit States o Americae. It is responsible for lang-term civeelian an meelitar aerospace resairch.
Solar System

The **solar system** includes the Sun an aw the objects that revolve aroond it, including planetoids, comets, muins, planets, an droich-planets (Mercur, Venus, Yird, Maurs, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, an Neptune). Pluto isnae ranked as a planet ony mair.

Ither starns an the objects that revolve roond aboot them is aften referit tae as planetary systems. When speaking aboot a specific starn's planetary system, it is usual tae shorten it tae "the  system" (e.g. "the Alpha Centauri system", "the Barnard system", or "the Sol system").

## See anaw
* Astronomie

## Fremmit airtins

* Solarviews (sichts o the solar system - no in Scots, but wi a choice atween 5 ither leids)
* Innin tae the solar seestem  (juist in French)
* The solar system  (NASA/JPL wabsteid, juist in Inglis)
Stickney (crater)

**Stickney crater** is the lairgest crater on Phobos, whilk is a muin o Maurs. It is aboot 10&nbsp;km in diameter.

It is thocht that the dunt whilk creatit Stickney wis sae snar that it naurly brak Phobos asinder. Radiatin chacks can be seen aboot Stickney.

The crater is cried efter Chloe Angeline Stickney Hall, wife o Phobos diskiverer Asaph Hall.

Stickney coud be seen wi the nakit ee frae the surface o Maurs. It is in the mids o the left lip o Phobos's face, on the Maurs-facin side. It is locate at 5°S 55°W on Phobos.

It haes a smawer, nameless crater inouth it, the affcome o a later dunt.
George W. Bush

**George Walker Bush** (born 6 Julie 1946 in New Haven, Connecticut) served as the 43rd Preses o the Unitit States frae 2001 tae 2009 an the 46t Govrenor o Texas frae 1995 tae 2000.

## Biography
**** (born 6t Julie, 1946) wis eleckit Preses o the Unitit States o Americae in 2000, an wis re-eleckit Preses in 2004. Bush is a Republican, an haes Dick Cheney as his Vice Preses. He is frae Midland, Texas, an awns a ranch thare.

He is the son o umwhile U.S. Preses George H. W. Bush. Afore he wis Preses, Bush wis Governor o Texas. He is mairiet on Laura, an thay hae twin dochters, Jenna an Barbara.

Bush wis born in Connecticut, an growed up in Midland, Texas on a ranch. He jynt the Naitional Gaird durin the Vietnam Weir, but didna fecht in Vietnam.
 
He wis first electit in the election o November 2000, wi Dick Cheney as Vice Preses. Florida wis a state whaur election results wis argied ower. It teuk ower a month tae lairn the winner. Bush wis declared tae be the winner, but mony fowk disputes this yet. Acause o the Electoral College seestem, Florida's votes wis key for Bush tae beir the gree, e'en tho Bush lost the naitionwide popular vote tae Al Gore.

At the election o November 2004 Bush run agin the Democratic candidate, John Kerry. He wun his seicont term in that election; the affcome o this election isna in dispute.

His seicont term endit on 20 Januar 2009, when he wis succeedit bi Barack Obama.

He wis Preses at the time o the 11t September attacks.

## Creiticeism
Bush haes been creiticeised for his role in the 2003 Iraq weir, that he stertit claimin Iraq haed wappens o mass destruction. Nae sic wappens haes been funnd. Efter the attacks o the 11t o September in New York, some haes creiticeised him for his conter-terrorism meisurs an aa. Amang ither things, his admeenistration haes been accuised o ill-daeins wi its "extraordinary rendition" policy—i.e. takkin terrorist suspects tae kintras whaur laws anent treatment o thaim in the jyle is less strict nor the US, an haein thaim interrogate bi the local polis. His guvrenment haes hauden terrorist suspects athoot trial in Guantánamo Bay, Cuba an aa.

## References
Fat Man

**"Fat-Man"** wis the codename o the nuclear wappen whilk wis detonated ower Nagasaki, Japan bi the Unitit States, on the 9t o Augist 1945. It wis the seicont o the twa nuclear wappens tae be uised in weirfare. The name forbye remits mair generically tae the early designs o U.S. wappens foondit on the "Fat Man" type.
Metre

A **metre** is the basic unit o lenth in the SI meisurment seestem. Bi the wey o an aerly defineition, it wis 1/10,000,000 (ae ten-milliont) o the lenth atween the Yird's equator an the North Powl. The metre is nou offeicially defined as the lenth licht gangs in a vacuum in 1/299,792,458 o a seicont.

Ither aften-uised units o lenth is the *millimetre* (seembol **mm**, equal tae 1/1000&nbsp;m), *centimetre* (seembol **cm**, equal tae 1/100&nbsp;m) an *kilometre* (seembol **km**, equal tae 1000&nbsp;m)
:1000 mm = 1 m
:100 cm = 1 m
:1 km = 1000 m

In the Imperial seestem o meisurment, ae metre is equal tae aboot 39.37 inch, 3.28 fit, or aboot 1.09 yaird.

## See an aa
* Aurie
Litre

A **litre** is the metric unit o vollum.

Ae litre is the vollum o ae cubic decimetre, that is a cube o 10 × 10 × 10 centimetre. A litre o watter wyes gey naur ae kilogram.

The cutty mak o *litre* is L or l. The muckle-letter form "L" is preferred bi some fowk sith the smaa "l" can leuk lik the nummer ane, "1".

For smawer vollums the millilitre is uised: 1000 mL = 1 L

* 1 litre = 0.2200 imperial gallon
* 1 litre = 0.2642 US gallon
* 1 imperial gallon = 4.5461 litre
* 1 US gallon = 3.7854 litre
Watt

The **watt** is the SI derivate unit for pouer, cryed sae efter James Watt.

It is the same as ae joule per saicont (1 J/s), or in electric units, ae volt-ampere (1 V·A). A watt is the same as 1/736 o a horsepouer.
Newton (unit)

:*This airticle is aboot the unit o poust; for the naitural philosopher, see [[Isaac Newton]].*

In naitural philosophy, the **newton** (seembol: N) is the SI unit o poust, cryed sae efter Sir Isaac Newton in recogneition o his wark on clessical mechanics. It wis first uised aboot 1904, but it wisna till 1948 that it wis offeicially adoptit bi the General Collogue on Wechts an Meisurs (CGPM) as the name for the MKS unit o poust. 

A *newton* is defined as the amoont o poust needit tae accelerate a mass o ae kilogram at a rate o ae metre per seicont quadrate. 

The newton is an SI derivate unit, written as kg·m·s−2 in SI base units.

Syne ae defineition o wecht is the poust actin atween twa objects acause o gravity, the newton is the unit o wecht an aa. A mass o ae kilogram naur the Yird's surface haes a wecht o aboot 9.81 N, altho this feigur differs bi a few tents o ae per cent ower the Yird's surface. Conversely, an object wi a mass o 9.81−1 kg (≈ 101.94 g) wyes aboot 1 N. Raither fittinly, gien the yairn anent hou Newton wun at his theory o gravity, this is aboot the mass o a smaa aiple.

## See forby
* Isaac Newton
* SI
* dyne, the unit o poust o the (for the maist pairt obsolete) CGS seestem, equal tae 10&nbsp;µN.
* kilogram-poust
Gusev Crater

**Gusev Crater** is a 90 mile braid delf in the grund that wis belike furmed three tae fower billion years sin whan an shot starn (Asteriod) crashed juist sooth o Maurs’ equator. Thare's a lade seestem that tuims intil it, whilk belike cairried brew watter, or watter an frost, intil the crater.
SI

The **SI** (French ***Système internationale d'unités***, *Internaitional Seestem o Units*) is a seestem o meisurin based on the metre for lenth or displacement, kilogram for mass, an saicont for time.

The metre, kilogram an saicont can be uised ane wi anither, makkin units o meisurment for ither quantities, sic as vollum, energy, pressur, an velocity.

Whan talkin anent lairger or smaaer meisurments, mair syllables is uised; for exemplar, *[[kilometre]]* means 1000 meter, an *[[milligram]]* means 1/1000 o a gram. The prefixes is shawn in the table on the richt-haund side.

## History an uiss
The SI units wis thocht oot in Fraunce efter the French Revolution.
Thay are nou uised aa ower the warld, but thay arna gey popular in some kintras, sic as the Unitit States.

Even the Unitit Kinrick, that creatit the auld US units o meisurment, is nou "metric", acause o staundardeisation athort the European Union.

## Base units o meisurment
The SI **base units** is meisurments uised bi scientists an ither fowk aroond the warld. Aa the other units can be screived bi pittin thir seeven base units thegither in different weys. Thir units is cryed *derivate units*.

* metre (m), unit o lenth (whiles *l*, whiles *s*, whiles *d*)
* kilogram (kg), unit o mass (*m*)
* saicont (s), unit o time (*t*)
* ampere (A), unit o electric flow (*I*)
* kelvin (K), unit o temperatur (*T*)
* mole (mol), unit o amoont o substance (*n*)
* candela (cd), unit o luminous intensity (*I*)

## See an aa
* British Weights and Measures Association
Hellas Planitia

**Hellas Planitia**, forbye kent as the Hellas howe, is a nearhaund roond dunt o a howe situate in the soothern emyspery o the planet Maurs. It is 3.75 mile howe, an haes a diameter o aboot 1,300 mile, it is the lairgest dunt structur on the planet. The howe wis furmed throu the wechtie bombardment o objects fae the Solar Seestem, aboot 3.9 billion year syne, whan a lairge asteroid duntit Maurs.
Burroughs (crater)

Burroughs crater is a lairge crater on Maurs. It is named efter Edgar Rice Burroughs, the American Science Fiction novelist wha wrate a series o fantasie novelles setten on the planet.
Endurance (crater)

**Endurance** is a dunt crater on Maurs that wis veesitit bi the Opportunity Rinaboot frae Mey until December o 2004. Meession scientists cried the crater efter the Gailey *[[Endurance]]* that sailed tae the Antarctic in an sploration vaige organized bi Ernest Shackleton.

The Rinaboot entered the crater interior on its 134t meession sol (Juin 15), an exited on the 315th sol (December 14t). In throu this time it stravaigit various obstacles, stey inclines, an owercame lairge trinnle slippage whan drivin ower fine saund.

## Sploration bi 'Opportunity'
Efter arrivin at the crater, 'Opportunity' performed a scance o the crater tae plan the forder steps in splorin the local areologie. A steid cawit "Karatepe" wis chuist tae gang in the crater an howk the layerin o the bedrock.
Valles Marineris

**Valles Marineris** (Latin for Mariner Valley, named efter the Mariner 9 Maurs orbiter o 1971-72 whilk diskivered it) is a vast canyon seestem that rins alang the Maurtian equator juist aest o the Tharsis reegion. At 2,790 mile lang, 124 mile braid an 6.82 mile howe, the Valles Marineris rift seestem is ten times langer, an sax times hower than the Grand Canyon o Arizona, makkin it the lairgest kent score in the Solar Seestem.

The Valles Marineris is located alang the equator o Maurs, on the aest side o the Tharsis Bumfle an raxs for naurly a fowert o the planet’s circumference. The Valles Marineris seestem stairts in the wast wi the Noctis Labyrinthus, proceeds aest tae Tithonium an Ius Chasmata, than Melas an Ophir Chamata, proceedin tae Coprates Chasma, than Ganges, Capri an Eos Chasmata, finally tuimin oot intil an ootflae lade composed o chaotic terrain an finally the Northern Plains. Maist resairchers gree that Valles Marineris is a lairge tectonic "crack" in the Martian crust, furmin as the planet cuilt, affected bi the rising crust in the Tharsis reegion tae the wast, an subsequently braidened bi erosional fushions. Houaniver, naur the aestern flanks o the clift thare seems tae be some lades that micht hae been furmed bi watter or carbon dioxide.
Yuty Crater

**Yuty Crater** is a maurtian crater on the Chryse Planitia. Yuty is aboot 11 mile braid, an it haes an unco peend in it's mids. Thare is a pronoonced waw terracin forby. The crater's ejecta (breesed pirr no aerial bombardment) pairtially kivers an aulder crater; the fact that ye can see the ither crater shaws that Yuty's ejecta wis scleff.
Biographies

**Biographie** (frae the Greek wirds *bios* meanin life, an *graphein* meanin tae write) is a genre o Leeteratur an ither furms o media like film, foondit on the written accoonts o ain lifes. While a biographie micht focus on a subject o feection or nane-feection, the term is uisually in remit tae nane-feection. As contrair tae a profile or curriculum vitae, a biographie develops quirkie insicht an hielichts unalike texturs o personality includin pack an thick details o experiences. A biographie is mair nor a leet o facts sic as birth, eddication, wark, kin an daith. It dels intil the emotions o experiencin sic events an aw.
Volt

The **volt** is the SI derivate unit for electric potential an voltage (derived frae the ampere an watt). It is named tae honour Alessandro Volta, that inventit the voltaic pile, the first chemical battery, in 1800.

The volt is defined as the potential differ athort a conductor whan a current o ae ampere dissipates ae watt o pouer. It syne haes the base SI representation m2·kg·s−3·A−1, that can be representit juist as weel bi ae joule o energy per coulomb o chairge, or J·C−1. In essence, the volt meisurs hou muckle kinetic energy ilka electron cairies. Ye can syne muliplee the voltage in a circuit bi the current flowe, the ampere, tae gie the tot o electric pouer in the circuit, in watts.

Syne 1990 the defineition o the volt is mainteent internaitionally uisin the Josephson effect, whaur a conventional vailyie is uised for the Josephson constant, fixt bi the 18t CGPM as 

**K<sub>{J-90}</sub>** = 0.4835979&nbsp;GHz/µV.
2005

**2005** is a common year stairtin on Seturday. It is the Warld Year o Physics, the Year o the Rooster in the Cheinese calendar, an the Internaitional Year o the Eucharist in Catholicism.

## Events
* Julie 7 &ndash; Fower coordinatit suicide bombins rock central Lunnon, killin 52 fowk an injurin ower 700.

## References

## See awso

*:Category:2005 daiths
*:Category:2005 albums
*:Category:Muisical groups established in 2005
Swahili

**Swahili** (or *Kiswahili* - its ain name), is a Bantu leid that's spak in East Africae. The kintras whaur it's spak maist is Tanzanie, Kenyae an Uganda. Aboot five million fowk speaks it as thair mither-tongue, an fifty million ithers speaks it as a seicont leid.

## Articles outwith
* Kamusi Project  Internet Leevin Swahili Dictionar
Gail Porter

**Gail Porter** (born 23 Mairch 1971 in Edinburgh, Scotland), kent an aa bi her mairit name o **Gail Hipgrave**, is a Scots televeesion presenter, weel-kent for programmes sic as  *Fully Booked*, *How 2* an *Dead Famous*.  She is kent forbye for the ongauns ae nicht in 1999, whan monie fowk in Lunnon that juist thocht tae tak a keek tae the waw o the Hooses o Pairlament wis insteid gien a swatch at a gey muckle FHM photie o Gail in the skuddy buff.  This, alang wi monie ither 'cairyin-ons', wis aiblins hou she cam tae be kent mair as the kynd o lassie she is - mebbes it ocht tae be said the 'richt gallus' kynd - raither nor juist as a presenter, enterteiner, or oniething ither in parteicular.

In 2001 Gail wis mairit on Dan Hipgrave fae the band Toploader, an she haes a dochter cried Honey.

## Ootby airtins

* Gail Porter at Encyclopedia Alba  (smaa biographie in Inglis)
* Gail Porter Warld  (in Inglis, wi a wheen o airticles, soond saumples an photies, but no up tae date)
* Gail Porter depression quote
Naitural philosophy

**Naitural philosophy** whiles cried **phýsics** (frae the Greek  (), "naitural", an  (), "naitur") is a science o naitur in the braidest sense. Naitural philosophy speirs intae maiter an energy an the fundamental virrs o naitur that owersees the interactions atween pairticles. Phýsicists study mony phýsical phenomenae, frae the sub-nuclear pairticles that maks up aw ordinar maiter (pairticle phýsics) tae the maiteral Universe as a hail (cosmologie).

Forby sib concepts sic as energy and force, phýsics is the natural science at involves the study o matter and its motion in space and time. Mair braidly, it is the general analysis o natur, conductit for tae ken hou the universe wirks. It ane o the auldest academic disciplines, aiblins the auldest gin astronomy is includit. Ower the last twa millennie, phýsics wis a pairt o naitural philosophy alang wi chemistry, certain branches o mathematics, and biology, but efter the scientific revolution in the 17th century, the naitural sciences becam unique research programs in their ain richt. Phýsics intersects wi mony interdisciplinary areas o research, sic as biophýsics and quantum chemistry, and the boondaries o phýsics arenae weel defined. New ideas in phýsics aften expleen the fundamental mechanisms o ither sciences while oppenin new avenues o research in fields sic as mathematics and philosophy.
Ingineerin

Succinctly, **ingineerin** applees technical ken tae solve human problems. Mair speceefically, ingineerin is a technological acteevity that uises professional imagination, juidgement, mense, an intellectual discipline in the application o science, technologie, mathematics, an practical skeel tae design, mak, an operate uissfu objects or processes that meets the needs an wisses o humanity. Ingineerin is the organisation o technological tuils, acteevities, ken, an processes an aw. Perfaisional practeetioners o ingineerin is cried ingineers.
Film

**Film** (spelt **fillom** an aw) is a term that covers muivin picters as individual projects. In the Unitit States, a film is kent as a **movie** an aw.

The springheid o the name comes frae the fact that photographic film (cried  filmstock forby) haes historically been the faremaist medium for makkin an shawin muivin picters. Mony ither terms is — muivin picters, the siller screen, picter shaws, flicks — an maist uisual *the picters*. Academics an the Inglis-spaekin internaitional community prefers tae uise film or "cinema", acause o the colloquial naitur o thae ither terms.

## References
Eddication

**Eddication** is a social science that's scowth hauds teachin an lairin speceefic skeels intangibly an profoondly. It is the impairtin o knawledge, guid juidgement an wit an aw. Ane o its fundamental ettles is the impairtin o cultur frae generation tae generation.

## References


## See forby

* Schuil
Mathematics

**Mathematics** is the studie o feck, structur, room, an chynge. Historically, Mathematics developed frae coontin, calculation, meisurement, an the studie o the shapes an muivins o pheesical objects, throu the uise o abstraction an deductive raesonin.

Mathematics is uised forbye tae remit tae the insicht gained bi fowk bi daein mathematics, forbye kent as the bodie o mathematical ken. This hinder meanin o mathematics includes the mathematics uised tae dae warkin oots or models an is an indispensable tuil in the naitural sciences, ingineerin, an economics.

The wird "mathematics" comes frae the Greek μάθημα (máthema) meanin "science, ken, or lairnin" an μαθηματικός (mathematikós) meanin "fond o lairnin".

Mathematics help fowks tae understand in sindry domeins. See the airticle o'er reality tae understand a practical example o the uise o mathematics.

## See forby

* American Mathematical Society
* Applee'd mathematics
** International Congress on Industrial and Applied Mathematics
* Mathematical analysis
** Complex analysis
** Matrix analysis
** Numerical analysis
* Mathematician
* MathWorks
* Mathematics Genealogy Project
* Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
* Wolfram Mathematica
Pape Benedict XVI

**Benedict XVI** (, , ; born **Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger** on 16 Aprile 1927 an deid 31 December 2022) wis the (Twa hundert an saxtie fift) 265th ringin Pape, the heid o the Roman Catholic Kirk an sovereign o Vatican Ceity. He wis electit on 19 Aprile 2005, in a papal conclave that he moderated ower in his capacity as dean o the College o Cardinals. He slockened his Papal Handsel Mass on 24 Aprile 2005 an wis enthroned in the Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano on Mey 7t, 2005.

Ane o the maist influential academic theologians syne the 1960s an Owthor o mony beuks, he is seen as conservative an a sib ally o his Aforecomer, Pape John Paul II. He serred as Airchbishop o Munich, Prefect o the Congregation for the Lair o the Faith an Dean o the College o Cardinals afore bein makkit the Pape.

The Pape in parteecular emphasizes the need for Europe tae tak back whit he sees as it's vailyies, acause o the increasin secularisation o maist o the Wastren Warld. He visitit Scotland on 16 September 2010 as pairt o a state veesit tae the Unitit Kinrick.

Benedict XVI demittit as Pape on 28 Februar 2013, in the first papal demission syne 1415, an wis succeedit bi Pape Francis on 13 Mairch.
Pape John Paul II

**Pape John Paul II** (Laitin: *Ioannes Paulus PP. II*), born **Karol Józef Wojtyła** (Mey 18t, 1920 in Wadowice (Poland) – Aprile 2nt, 2005), reigned as pape o the Catholic Kirk for naurhaund 27 year, frae 16t October 1978 till his daith, makkin his the thrid-langest ring in the Historie o the Papacy bi the Roman Catholic Kirk's tradeetional wey o it. Durin his ring he helpit tae bring doun communism bi support o the Pols Solidairity an wis kent as the Great Traiveller due tae the monie kintras he veesitit durin his ring. In 1982 he veesitit Scotland an gied mass at Murrayfield Stadium in Embra an at Bellahouston Pairk in Glesca. At the latter o the twa masses 800,000 fowks attendit an that wis a record ootthrou the hale o Breetain. On 13t Mey 2005, Pape Benedict XVI, John Paul II's heir, waived the five year waitin time for a raison for beatification tae be opened. The offeecial process for beatification begoud in the Diocese o Roum on Juin 28t, 2005. https://web.archive.org/web/20051212170408/http://opportunities.typepad.com/news/2005/06/pope_john_paul_.html
Nessie

The **Loch Ness Monster**, bytimes cried "**Nessie**" or "Ness" (Scottish Gaelic: *Niseag*) is a craitur or curn craiturs said tae stey in Loch Ness, a howe caller watter loch naur the ceety o Innerness in northren Scotland. Nessie is aften thocht tae be a muckle kelpie.

Alang wi Bigfit an the Yeti/Abominable Snawman, Nessie is ane o the maist-kent meesteries in cryptozoologie thou maist mainstream scientists an ither profites find praisent evident stuitin Nessie unpersuasive an regaird sic sichtins as rises or misidentification o mundane craiturs.

Some fowk says that Nessie is an aquatic deenosaur frae the auld time. Ithers says it's a submarine, or a stray log, or ither benign object.
Cara Dillon

**Cara Dillon** (born 21 Julie 1975 in Dungiven, Coonty Lunnonderry, Northren Ireland) is a fowk sangster frae Dungiven in Northren Irland.  In the twa albums she haes pit oot up til nou (*Cara Dillon* an *Sweet Liberty*), she haes gien a wheen o auld Irish an Scots sangs, sic as *Black is the Colour*, *Craigie Hill* an *Donald of Glencoe*, a spleet-new gaun ower in her ain saft lilt.

Cara is mairit on Sam Lakeman (that's her producer forby). The couple live in Frome wi their three childer, twin sons (born 17 November 2006) an a dochter (born 12 October 2010).

## Ootby airtins
* Offeecial wabsteid - *in Inglis, wi soond saumples, a pickle photies an a leet o ongauns* 
* Unoffeecial Cara Dillon steid - *gies a chyce atween Japanese an Inglis* 
* Anither unoffeecial steid
Dutch leid

**Dutch** (*Nederlands* ) is a Wast Germanic, Law German leid that's spoken warldwide bi aboot twintie-fower million fowk, maistly in the Netherlands, Suriname an Belgium. The kynd o Dutch spoke in Belgium is informally cried Fleems (*Vlaams*) an aw. The leid is forbye cried *Hollands* bi hamelt spaekers awtho this is becomin less common nou; a curn folk conseeder it no tae be poleetically correct. Dutch is nearhaun ti the Sooth Africaen leid Afrikaans, in the wey Scots is tae Inglis.

## Ensaumples
Guid day is cried: "goedendag" in Dutch.
Thank ye: "Dank u".
Swaden

The **Kinrick o Swaden** (Swadish: *Sverige*) is a Nordic kintra on the Scandinavian hauf-island. It's a constitutional monarchy, an the king is Carl XVI Gustaf. Aboot 10,000,000 fowk bydes in Swaden. The caipital ceety o Swaden is Stockholm, that haes aboot 2.1 million indwallers. Swaden is a member o the European Union. It haes mairches wi Norawa an Finland.

## Notes

## References
Ruth England

**Ruth England** (born 29 Mairch 1970) is an Inglis televeesion presenter, weel-kent for haein presentit the ITV traivel shaw *Wish You Were Here...?* for the last twa year o its lang rin.  She haed stertit oot on telly daein a braid reenge o programmes, fae wittins on Channel 5 tae a naitral historie shaw on National Geographic.  In 2001, altho she wisna yit kent by monie fowk, she wis speirt if she wad tak ower fae Mary Nightingale on *Wish You Were Here...?* On the shaw she gaed aa ower the warld hersel, but forbye haunded ower ilka week for ane or mair traivel featurs bi a hail reenge o weel-kent fowk, sic as Mark Little, Cat Deeley, Gail Porter an Grant Stott.

*Wish You Were Here...?* wis stappit bi ITV in 2003.  Houaniver, Ruth presentit 'het-up' bits fae the programme on *Wish You Were Here..Today*, pitten oot ilka day for three weeks in the Januar o baith 2004 an 2005.  She haes presentit *Forever Eden* in the USA forby, braidcast bi Fox.

## Airtins tae ootby steids

* IMDB leet for Ruth England - *in Inglis, wi airtins tae a pickle photies*
* Ruth England photie steid
Yird

Tha **Yird** is tha thrid planet oot frae tha Sun. It is tha mukkilest o tha solar seestem's fower stanie planets, an tha ae bodie that modren syense kens ti haud lyf. Tha planet cam thegither aboot 4.57 thoosan million yeir syn. Nae lang eftir (4.533 thoosan million yeir syn) it wis jyn'd bi the Muin. Tha solar seestem is made up o echt planets.

## See an aw
*Geologie

## References
Pape Leo XIII

**Pape Leo XIII**, born **Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci** (2 Mairch 1810 – 20 Julie 1903), wis Pape o the Roman Catholic Kirk, haein cam aifter Pape Pius IX on Februar 20, 1878 an ringin till his ain daith. Born in Carpineto Romano, Italy, Pecci frist got roonit tent as the popular an seilfu Archbishop o Perugia, that led tae his trystin as a Cardinal in 1853.
Leet o 10 langest-ringin papes

The **list o 10 [[Pape]]s that rang the langest**:

# St. Peter (30 tae AD 64/67): 34 or 37 year.
# Bl. Pius IX (1846 - 1878): 31 year, 7 month an 23 days (11,560 days).
# Servand o God John Paul II (1978 - 2005): 26 year, 5 month an 17 days (9,665 days).
# Leo XIII (1878 - 1903): 25 year, 4 month an 29 days (9,280 days).
# Pius VI (1775 - 1799): 24 year, 6 month an 14 days (8,962 days).
# Adrian I (772 - 795): 23 year, 10 month an 25 days (8,728 days).
# Pius VII (1800 - 1823): 23 year, 5 month an 6 days (8,559 days).
# Alexander III (1159 - 1181): 21 year, 11 month an 2 days (8,001 days).
# St. Sylvester I (314 - 335): 21 year an 11 month.
# St. Leo I (440 - 461): 21 year an 1 month.

## See an aw
*List o 10 Papes that rang the least
*List o papes
*List o ages o Papes
Scottish Language Dictionaries

***Scottish Language Dictionaries*** or **SLD** (English for **Scots Leid Dictionars**) is a body estaiblisht tae forder and develop dictionars for the Scots leid. 

Its chief ettle is tae pit thegither dictionars; its gran warks is the *[[Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue]]* (Dictionar o the Aulder Scots Tongue, DOST) an the *[[Scottish National Dictionary]]* (Scots Naitional Dictionar, SND).

## Ootside airtins
* SLD wabsteid 
* Dictionar o the Scots Leid , an online rakeable version o baith the DOST an the SND.
Penda o Mercia

**Penda** (dee'd November 15, 655) wis a 7t-century Keeng o Mercia, a kinrick in whit is the day the Inglis Midlands. A pagan at a tyme whan Christianity wis takkin haud in mony o the Anglo-Saxon kinrick, Penda pairteecipatit in the defait o the pouerfu Northumbrian keeng Edwin at the Battle o Hatfield Chase in 633. Nine years later, he defaited an felled Edwin's eventual successor, Oswald, at the Battle o Maserfield; frae this pynt he wis liklin the maist pouerfu o the Anglo-Saxon rulers o the tyme. He defaited the Aest Angles, cawed the king o Wessex intil "fleme" for three years, an continued tae wauge weir agin the Bernicians o Northumbria. Thirteen years aifter Maserfield, he tholed a grushin defait an wis felled at the Battle o the Winwaed in the coorse o a hinmaist campaign agin the Bernicians.

## References
Algebra

**Algebra** is ane o the maist basic brainches o mathematics. Tho it isna aesie defined, it is chairacterised bi the uiss o seembols tae represent some operations, an o letters tae represent nummers or ither elements. 

## Clessification
Algebra can be spleet up intae thir fields:
* Basic algebra studies the parteiculars o an operations on naitural nummers, integers, raitional an real nummers, an hou a bodie can solve equations wi variables.
* Linear algebra is a theory o vector spaces, pairt o it bein the theory o linear equation an o matrices. Ideas an methods frae linear algebra can be uised in monie sindrie brainches o mathematics. For exemplar, the chief ettle o the study o functional analysis is infinite vector spaces.
* Abstract algebra studies algebraic structurs like groups, rings an bodies that generalises concepts frae basic algebra.

## History
Algebra, like coontin an geometry, is ane o the auldest brainches o mathematics. The name comes frae a beuk bi the Arabian mathemateecian Al-Khwarizmi cried *Kitab *'al-jabr*' wa al-muqabalah* ("The beuk o summary anent calculatin bi transposeition an reduction").

Algebra wis cleckit for tae help solve equations. The solutions o linear an quadratic equations wis aareadies kent lang syne. In the 16t century Italian mathemateecians fund solutions tae cubic an quartic equations. In 1799 Gauss shawed that “ilka algebraic equation o degree n, haes n ruits (solutions), rael or imaginar”.

At the stairt o the 19t century Niels Abel an Evariste Galois pruived that the solutions o equations o degree bigger nor 4 canna be expressed uisin coeffeicients o the equation an algebraic operations juist—that is, the'r nae generalisation o the quadratic, cubic or quartic formulae tae heicher degrees.

## See forby
* Expression
* Equation
* Determinant
* Group
* Field
* Matrix (mathematics)
* Ring
* Space
* Structur
* Variable
Jelly Belly

The **Jelly Belly** Candy Company is a kenspeckle makker o jelly beans an ither candy. It wis ae-time the Herman Goelitz Candy Company afore being recried for thair maist popular product, "Jelly Belly" jelly beans. Goelitz wis forbye the clecker o Candy Corn (Werrock Candy). The company is foondit in Fairfield, California.

Jelly Belly makes mony kyndly flavoured beans, includin peir, watermelon, root beer, gean an (thair maist popular gust) buttered popcorn. The sonse o thair kenmerk led tae a jelly-bean rennaissance, in parteecular whan Ronald Reagan begoud haudin thaim on his dask in the White Hoose.
Gaelic Storm

***Gaelic Storm*** is a weel-acclaimed Celtic baund.

## Historie

Gaelic Storm's oreegins can be traced back tae 1996, whan Patrick Murphy an Steve Wehmeyer jyned wi Steve Twigger for tae perform at O'Brien's Erse Howf an Restaurant, o whilk Murphy wis the manager.  This led tae a nummer o howf performances for the neist year.

In 1997, Gaelic Storm kythed in the film Titanic as a pairtie baund.  This guttied thaim intil gatin, whaur thay wis met wi sevendle  sonse an popularity.

Tae this date, Gaelic Storm gates randielin, an ploys owre 125 trysts a year.  

Owre tyme, the baund eikit the members Ryan Lacey, Ellery Klein, an Peter Purvis.

## Bodies
* Patrick Murphy (Vocals)
* Steve Twigger (Guitar)
* Steve Wehmeyer (Bodhrán, Didgeridoo, Vocals)
* Ryan Lacey (Percussion)
* Ellery Klein (Fiddle)
* Peter Purvis (Bagpipe, Whistle)

Ae-Tyme Members:
* Samantha Hunt (Fiddle)
* Shep Lonsdale (Djembe)

## Discographie

* *[[Gaelic Storm (album)|Gaelic Storm]]* (Julie 28, 1998)
* *[[Herding Cats]]* (September 20, 1999)
* *[[Tree (album)|Tree]]* (June 19, 2001)
* *[[Special Reserve]]* (Augist 19, 2003)
* *[[How Are We Getting Home?]]* (Augist 3, 2004)

## Fremmit Airtins

* Gaelic Storm Hamepage
1997

**1997** is a ordinar year stairtin on Wadensday o the Gregorian calendar.

## See awso
* :Category:1997 births
* :Category:1997 daiths
* :Category:1997 albums
* :Category:Muisical groups established in 1997
* Years o the XIXt an XXt centuries

## Next year

The next year on calendar is 1998.
Simeon Solomon

**Simeon Solomon** (9 October 1840 – 14 August 1905) wis a Inglish Pre-Raphaelite penter.

Simeon wis born intil a kenspeckle Ebreuish familie. He wis the aicht an last bairn born tae kenspeckle merchand Meyer Solomon an airtist Kathe Levey. Simeon wis a younger brither tae fellae penters Abraham Solomon (1824-1862) an Rebecca Solomon (1832-1886).

Born an educate in Lunnon, Solomon stairtit gittin lecturs in pentin fae his aulder brither aboot 1850. He stairtit at Carey's Airt Academie in 1852. His audlder sister first exhibeetit her warks at the Ryal Academy athin the same year.

As a student at the Ryal Academy Schuils, Simeon wis introduced throu Dante Gabriel Rossetti tae ither members o the Pre-Raphaelite circle, includin the poet Algernon Charles Swinburne an the penter Edward Burne-Jones in 1857. His frist exhibeetion wis at the Ryal Academie in 1858. He conteenad tae haud exhibeetions o his wark at the Ryal Academie atween 1858 an 1872. In addeetion tae the leeterar pentins favoured bi the Pre-Raphaelite schuil, Solomon's subjects aften included scenes frae the Ebreu Bible an genre pentins shawin Jewish life an reetuals.

In 1873 his career wis cuttit short whan he wis liftit in a public toilet in Lunnon an chairged wi undacent exposure. He wis feyed tae ser aichten month' haurd laubour in the jyle, but this wis later reduced tae polis superveesion. He flew tae the French Thrid Republic. He wis houaniver liftit again in 1874, an syne wis feyed tae spend three month in the jyle.

In 1885 he wis admeetit tae the puirhoose whaur he continad tae mak warks; houaniver, his life an ingine wis scaudered bi alcoholism. Twintie year efter in 1905, he dee'd frae wimples brocht on bi his alcoholism. He wis birriet in a Ebreu cemetery in Willesden.

Ensaumples o his wark is on permanent shaw at the Victoria an Albert Museum an at Leighton Hoose.

## Fremmit airtins

* Biographical Timeline
* Selection of Solomon's work 
* A more detailed profile of him 
* A profile of his brother Abraham 
* A profile of his sister Rebecca
Unitit Naitions Security Cooncil

The **Unitit Naitions Security Cooncil** (in Frainch: *Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies*, in Inglis: *United Nations Security Council*) is, unner the Unitit Nations Chairter, the bodie that hauds the lane richt tae, on maiters anent peace in the warld, mak resolutions that aa kintras maun tak tent tae gin they are members o the Cooncil or no, acause thay are syne thirlt tae thaim bi law. At the meenit the Cooncil conseests o fifteen members, wi five kintras (Fraunce, Roushae, the Unitit Kinrick, the Unitit States an China) that haes the richt tae aye be members an that forbye haud the pouer tae nae-say onie resolution pitten forrit, alang wi ten ither members waled bi, an frae, aa the kintras that maks up the Unitit Nations as a hail.

Monie kintras nou conseeders that thare shuid be mair nor fifteen kintras on the Cooncil, an that mair nor five shuid hae the richt tae aye be on it. Houaniver, ilkane o the five kintras that wad hae maist pouer taen frae thaim bi sic a chynge yit haes the richt tae nae-say it, gin thay chuise tae uise it.

## Airtins tae ootby steids

* Unitit Nations Security Cooncil wabsteid - *in Frainch, wi airtins tae the 5 ither offeecial leids o the Unitit Nations*
Samantha Brown

**Samantha Brown** is a host o several traivel programs on the Travel Channel, a cable televeesion network foondit in New York. In her role o hostess she introduces viewers tae internaitional vacation destinations, hottles an vacation hames, an splores the locations an acteevities thir destinations offer. Her Travel Channel credits include Passport tae Europe an Great Hotels

Born in Dallas Texas in 1969, her familie belyve flittit tae the New Hampshire ceity o New Castle whaure she grew up. She teuk 12 years o vyce lessons, an tent Syracuse Varsity studyin muisical theater. Her aerlin career included wirkin in commercials, includin ployin the spokesperson "Wendy Wire" for a company cried Century Cable. She wis forbye inrowed in the comedy sketch menyie "The Mouth", foondit in New York whaure she haes steyt for ten years. Her wark in comedy is clairlin apparent in the dryachtie humor she brings tae her travel shaws. She haes forbye kythed in several Broadway shaws as an actress an sangster. Throu oot 1999 an 2000 the Travel Channel wis leukin for a traivel host an a series o auditions weis hauded an Samantha Brown wis waled.
Fairfield, Californie

**Fairfeld** is a ceety situatit in Northren Californie, USA, naur San Francisco an Sacramento. Fairfield, foondit in 1859 bi clippership caiptain Robert H. Waterman, an cried efter his ae-time hametoun o Fairfeld, Connecticut, is the hame o Travis Air Force Base. It haes a population o 101,935 as o a Julie 1, 2002 Census na-pruived. It pairts a mairch wi its sister ceity, Suisun Ceity. Ither naurby ceities includes Vacaville an Vallejo. Fairfield is the coontie saet o Solano Coontie.
Jenni Falconer

**Jenni Falconer** (born 12 Februar 1976 in Glesga) is a Scots televeesion presenter, weel-kent for haein presentit *Entertainment Today* on GMTV syne the shaw stertit in 2000.  She haes forbye presentit the ITV traivel shaw *How to Holiday*, in monie weys takkin ower the poseetion ance hauden bi Judith Chalmers, Mary Nightingale an Ruth England, aa ae-time presenters o *Wish You Were Here...?*, the traivel programme that haed been on afore.

Jenni haes presentit monie ither telly shaws forbye, sic as *The Big Country* (for BBC Scotland), *Pleasure Island* an *Drop the Celebrity*.

## Airtins tae ootby steids
* 
* Biographie on GMTV wabsteid  
* Jenni Falconer photie steid 
* Anither photie steid