18 Julie

The **18t o Julie** is the 199t day o the year (200t in lowp years) in the Gregorian Calendar, wi 166 days ti come.

## Events

*1290 &ndash; Keeng Edward I o Ingland issues the Edict o Expulsion, expellin aw Jews frae Ingland.
*1389 &ndash; Fraunce an Ingland agree tae the Truce o Leulinghem, stairtin the langest pause in fechtin syne the stairt o the Hunder Years' War.
*1806 &ndash; A gunpouder magazine splodes in Birgu, Maltae, killin aroond 200 fowk.
*1812 &ndash; The Treaties o Orebro end The Anglo-Roushie an Anglo-Swadish Wars.
*1830 &ndash; Uruguay gains full unthirldom.
*1841 &ndash; Coronation o Emperor Pedro II o Brazil.
*1924 &ndash; Adolf Hitler's "Mein Kampf" is published.
*1936 &ndash; An airmy uprisin in Spaingie Morocco stairts Spaingie Ceevil War.
*1942 &ndash; Warld War II: The Unitit States declares war on Hungary, Bulgarie an Romanie.
*1944 &ndash; Warld War II: Hideki Tōjō resigns as Prime meenister o Japan acause o numerous setbacks in the war effort.
*1968 &ndash; Intel is foondit.
*1976 &ndash; Nadia Comăneci acame the first person in Olympic Gemmes history tae score a perfect 10 in gymnastics at the 1976 Simmer Olympics.
*1984 &ndash; 21 fowk are shot deed at a fast fuid restaurant in San Ysidro, San Diego, Californie; the gunman is later shot an kilt bi the polis.
*1992 &ndash; Neil Kinnock demits as leader o the UK Labour Pairty.
*1994 &ndash; A bomb attack on the Jewish Centre in Buenos Aires, Argentinae, kills 85 fowk.
*1995 &ndash; On the Caribbean island o Montserrat, the Soufrière Hills volcanae erupts. Ower the course o several years, it devastates the island, destroyin the caipital an forcin maist o the population tae flee.
*2000 &ndash; Alex Salmond demits at the end o his first stint as Heidsman o the Scots Naitional Pairty.
*2000 &ndash; Elizabeth II opens the new Breetish Embassy in Berlin, Germany.
*2007 &ndash; "The Elders", an influential group o elder poleetical leaders, is foondit tae mairk Nelson Mandela's 89nt birthday.
*2013 &ndash; The ceety o Detroit, Michigan, Unitit States, files for bankruptcy.
*2019 &ndash; An arson attack on an animation studio in Kyoto, Japan, kills 34 fowk.
*2020 &ndash; A fire at Nantes Cathedral in Fraunce destroys its famous organ; the polis suspect arson.

## Births

*1501 &ndash; Isabel o Austrick (d. 1526)
*1552 &ndash; Rudolf II, Haly Roman Emperor (d. 1612)
*1837 &ndash; Vasil Levski, Bulgarie revolutionar (d. 1873)
*1853 &ndash; Hendrik Lorentz, Dutch pheesicist (d. 1928)
*1887 &ndash; Vidkun Quisling, Norwegian sodger an politeecian, Meenister Preses o Norawa (d. 1945)
*1892 &ndash; Arthur Friedenreich, Brazilian fitbawer (d. 1969)
*1895 &ndash; Tully Craig, Scots fitbawer (d. 1963)
*1900 &ndash; Nathalie Sarraute, French lawyer an author (d. 1999)
*1909 &ndash; William Julius Eggeling, Scots forester, botanist an naituralist (d. 1994)
*1909 &ndash; Andrei Gromyko, Belaroushie-Soviet politeecian (d. 1989)
*1918 &ndash; Nelson Mandela, Sooth African lawyer an politeecian, 1st Preses o Sooth Africae, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2013)
*1921 &ndash; John Glenn, American astronaut an politeecian (d. 2016)
*1922 &ndash; Thomas Kuhn, American pheesicist, historian an philosopher o science (d. 1996)
*1927 &ndash; Kurt Masur, German conductor (d. 2015)
*1932 &ndash; Yevgeny Yevtushenko, Roushie poet (d. 2017)
*1938 &ndash; Paul Verhoeven, Dutch film director
*1950 &ndash; Richard Branson, Inglis businessman
*1951 &ndash; Elio Di Rupo, Belgian politeecian
*1961 &ndash; Davie Irons, Scots fitbawer an manager
*1961 &ndash; Elizabeth McGovern, American actress
*1967 &ndash; Vin Diesel, American actor an filmmaker
*1968 &ndash; Jonathan Gould, Scots fitbawer an coach
*1971 &ndash; Sarah McLeod, New Zealand actress
*1975 &ndash; M.I.A., Inglis rapper an muisicker
*1980 &ndash; Kristen Bell, American actress
*1982 &ndash; Priyanka Chopra, Indie actress
*1993 &ndash; Nabil Fekir, French fitbawer

## Daiths
* 1610 &ndash; Caravaggio, Italian penter (b. 1571)
* 1817 &ndash; Jane Austen, Inglis writer (b. 1775)
* 1872 &ndash; Benito Juarez, Preses o Mexico (b. 1806)
* 1968 &ndash; Corneille Heymans, Belgian pheesiologist (b. 1892)
* 2004 &ndash; George Farm, Scots fitbawer (b. 1924)
* 2009 &ndash; Henry Allingham, Inglis Warld War I veteran (b. 1896)
* 2018 &ndash; Burton Richter, American pheesicist (b. 1931)

## Halidays
* Nelson Mandela Day
* Constitution Day (Uruguay)