18 October

The **18t o October** is the 291t day o the year (292t in lowp years) in the Gregorian Calendar, wi 74 days bidin.

## Events

* 1016 - The Dens defeat the Saxons in the Battle o Assandun, givin them control ower maist o Ingland.
* 1356 - Basel, Swisserland, is destroyed bi a yirdquauk.
* 1685 - Louis XIV o Fraunce abandons the Edict o Nantes, causin mony Huguenots tae flee the kintra.
* 1818 - The Varsity o Bonn is foondit.
* 1851 - Herman Melville's Moby Dick is published.
* 1867 - Alaska is offeecially transferred frae Roushie tae the Unitit States.
* 1906 - A major fire destroys twa prominent biggins in Akureyri, Iceland.
* 1922 - The BBC is foondit.
* 1967 - The Soviet Union's Venera 4 probe sends the first foto frae unner the atmosphere on Venus.
* 1977 - German Hairst: Murther o German businessman Hanns-Martin Schleyer an alleged suicides o fower Reid Airmy Faction members.
* 1989 - Erich Honecker resigns as leader o East Germany.
* 1989 - The Galileo spacecraft is launched tae Jupiter.
* 1991 - Azerbaijan declares unthirldom frae the Soviet Union.
* 2007 - A bomb attack in Karachi, Pakistan kills 139 fowk.
* 2011 - Israeli sodger Gilad Shalit is released bi Palestinian captors in exchange for 1,027 Palestinian preesoners bein released bi Israel.
* 2015 - Scotland are controversially knockit oot o the 2015 Rugby Warld Cup in Ingland wi a nairrae defeat tae Australie.
* 2019 - At least 62 fowk are kilt in a bomb attack in Nangarhar, Afghanistan.
* 2019 - Jessica Meir an Christina Koch perform the first aw-female spacewalk.

## Births

* 1405 - Pape Pius II (d. 1464)
* 1777 - Heinrich von Kleist, German writer (d. 1811)
* 1804 - Mongkut, Keeng o Siam (d. 1868)
* 1831 - Frederick III, German Emperor (d. 1888)
* 1859 - Henri Bergson, French philosopher an theologian (d. 1931)
* 1898 - Lotte Lenya, Austrick sangster (d. 1981)
* 1905 - Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Preses o Ivory Coast (d. 1993)
* 1905 - Sammy Black, Scots fitbawer (d. 1977)
* 1919 - Pierre Trudeau, Prime meenister o Canadae (d. 2000)
* 1925 - Ramiz Alia, Preses o Albanie (d. 2011)
* 1926 - Chuck Berry, American muisicker an componer (d. 2017)
* 1926 - Klaus Kinski, German actor (d. 1991)
* 1927 - George C. Scott, American actor (d. 1999)
* 1930 - Flora Fraser, 21st Leddy Saltoun, Scots peer
* 1938 - Ronnie Shade, Scots gowfer (d. 1986)
* 1939 - Lee Harvey Oswald, alleged assassin o John F. Kennedy (d. 1963)
* 1945 - Sam Galbraith, Scots politeecian (d. 2014)
* 1945 - Huell Howser, American enterteener (d. 2013)
* 1950 - Om Puri, Indie actor (d. 2017)
* 1956 - Martina Navratilova, Czech-American tennis player
* 1959 - Mauricio Funes, umwhile Preses o El Salvador
* 1960 - Jean-Claude Van Damme, Belgian actor
* 1961 - Wynton Marsalis, American muisicker an componer
* 1967 - Finlay Carson, Scots politeecian
* 1968 - Michael Stich, German tennis player
* 1979 - Ne-Yo, American sangster
* 1984 - Freida Pinto, Indie actress
* 1984 - Lindsey Vonn, American skier
* 1987 - Zac Efron, American sangster an actor
* 1994 - John McGinn, Scots fitbawer

## Daiths
* 1417 - Pape Gregory XII (b. 1326)
* 1503 - Pape Pius III (b. 1439)
* 1541 - Margaret Tudor, Queen o Scots (b. 1489)
* 1578 - Ferdinand, Prince o Asturies (b. 1571)
* 1865 - Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscoont Palmerston, Prime Meenister o the Unitit Kinrick (b. 1784)
* 1869 - William Brand, Scots soleecitor, banker, botanist an plant collector (b. 1807)
* 1871 - Charles Babbage, Inglis inventor (b. 1791)
* 1889 - Antonio Meucci, Italian inventor (b. 1808)
* 1921 - Ludwig III o Bavarie (b. 1845)
* 1930 - Alexander Munro MacRobert, Scots lawer an politeecan (b. 1873)
* 1931 - Thomas Edison, American inventor (b. 1847)
* 1939 - Henry Halcro Johnston, Scots botanist, medicinar an rugby union player (b. 1856)
* 1948 - Margaret Hasluck, Scots geografer, linguist, epigrafer, airchaeologist an scholart (b. 1885)
* 1977 - Hanns-Martin Schleyer, German businessman (b. 1915)
* 2013 - Charlie Dickson, Scots fitbawer (b. 1934)

## Halidays
* Alaska Day
* Persons Day (Canadae)