Yavne

**Yavne** () is a ceety in the Central Destrict o Israel. In  the ceety haed a population o .

## History

Yavne wis ane o the major auncient ceeties in the soothren coastal plain, situatit 20&nbsp;km (12.43&nbsp;mi) sooth o Jaffa, 15&nbsp;km (9.32&nbsp;mi) north o Ashdod, an 7&nbsp;km (4.35&nbsp;mi) east o the Mediterranean. Excavations wur carried oot on the auncient raised tel which developit on a naitural kurkar hill. The tel wis inhabitit, possibly continuously, till the Breetish Mandate period. Durin some periods, especially the Byzantine period, dounset expandit tae kiver pairt o the plain an hills surroondin the tel.

Salvage excavations carried oot in 2001 bi the Israel Antiquities Authority uncovered several Buirials at the northren fuit o the oreeginal tel. Maist o the burials are datit tae the later Iron Age. Ane burial pynts tae a late Bronze Age occupation.

The Bible refers tae  *Yavne'el* () (whiles transliteratit as *Jebneel*), a mairch ceety atween the tribal allotments o Judah an Dan. In Roman times, the ceety wis kent as *Iamnia*. It wis bequeathed bi Keeng Herod upon his daith tae his sister Salome. Upon her daith it passed tae Caesar Augustus who managed it as a private imperial estate, a status it wis tae maintain for at least a century.

Efter the destruction o the Seicont Temple in 70 CE, Rabban Yochanan Ben Zakkai muivit the Sanhedrin tae Yavne. Some scholars believe the Cooncil o Yavne met thare. The Sanhedrin left Yavne for Usha in 80 CE an returned in 116 CE.

Byzantine period fynds frae excavations include an aqueduct east o the tel, an a kiln. In 2007, remains rangin frae the Early Islamic period til the Breetish Mandate period wur uncovered. An additional kiln, an pairt o a commercial/industrial aurie wur uncovered at the wast o the tel in 2009.

The Crusaders cried the ceety *[[Ibelin]]* an biggit a castle thare in 1141. Its namesake noble faimily, Ibelin, wis important in the Kinrick o Jerusalem an later in the Kinrick o Cyprus. Ibelin wis captured bi Saladin in 1187. Salvage excavations at the wast o the tel unearthed a stash o 53 Crusader coins o the 12t an 13t centuries.

Maqam Abu Hurayra, describit as "ane o the finest domed mausoleums in Palestine", is locatit in Yavne. Syne the 12t century, it haes been kent as a tomb o Abu Hurairah, a companion (sahaba) o the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Efter 1948 the shrine haes been taken ower bi Sephardic Jews who believe that the tomb is the burial place o Rabbi Gamaliel o Yavne.

Afore the establishment o Israel, the Arab veelage o Yibna wis locatit thare. In salvage excavations in 2001–2002, remains o the pre-state toun wur uncovered.

## Demographics

Accordin tae the Israel Central Bureau o Statistics (CBS), in 2001 the ethnic makeup o the ceety wis Jewish an ithers, athoot significant Arab population. In 2001, the population includit 15,800 men an 16,000 weemen. The population growthe rate in 2001 wis 0.5%. 103 new residents muivit tae Yavne in that year.

### Income

In 2000, thare wur 10,910 salaried wirkers an 966 sel-employed. The mean monthly wage for a salaried wirker wis  ILS 5,699. Salaried men haed a mean monthly wage o ILS 7,430 compared tae ILS 4,042 for weemen. The mean income for the sel-employed wis 7,631. 640 ceetizens received unemployment benefits an 2,396 received an income guarantee.

### Education
Accordin tae CBS figures for 2001, thare wur 16 schuils an 7,445 students in Yavne (11 elementary schuils wi 4,037 students an 9 heich schuils wi 3,408 students). 59.6% o 12t graders wur entitled tae a matriculation certificate that year.

## Economy

Major companies based in Yavne include: Ormat Industries, Aeronautics Defense Systems, Avisar an Orbotech.

## Sports
Maccabi Yavne is the ceety's major fitbaa club. Durin the 1980s the club played in the tap diveesion an in 1985 wan the Toto Cup. The day thay are in Liga Leumit. an the basketbaw team, Elitzur Yavne play in the Liga Leumit (basketbaw) syne 2007.

Omri Casspi, the first Israeli tae play in the Naitional Basketball Association grew up in the ceety an played for some o its teams.

## Notable residents
*Meir Sheetrit, Israeli Meenister o the Interior
*Maor Melikson, fitbawer
*Shabak Samech baund members
*Omri Casspi, NBA basketbaw player

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns — Sister ceeties
Yavne is twinned wi:
*  – Speyer, Germany

## See an aa
*Leet o veelages depopulatit durin the 1948 Arab-Israeli war
*Yavneh-Yam, port o auncient Yavne

## References

## Freemit airtins
 
*Ceety wabsteid 
*Tel Yavne 
*Yavneh Yields Over a Hundred Philistine Cult Stands  Biblical Archaeology Review