open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Universum (baund)

**Universum** is an Australian melodic daith metal frae Adelaide, Sooth Australie. Formed in early 2006, Universum oreeginally wur a three-piece afore recruitin additional members. They fuse European metal, modren American metal riffage an auld schuil elements.

## Members
### Current members

### Umwhile Members

### Guest muisicians

## Discography
### Studio albums

### Demo
* *Self Titled* (2007, demo)

## Freemit airtins
* Universum's offeecial wabsteid 
* Universum on Triple J National Radio playlist
* Universum Metal-Rules album review
Belo Horizonte

**Belo Horizonte** (lit. "Bonnie Horizon", ) is the caipital o an mucklest ceety in the state o Minas Gerais, locatit in the sootheastren region o Brazil. It is the third-lairgest metropolitan aurie in the kintra. Belo Horizonte (or "Beagá", as it is an aa familiarly kent frae the soond o its initials "BH" in Portuguese) haes a population o ower 2.4 million, or amaist 5.4 million in the offeecial Metropolitan Aurie.

The region wis first settled in the early 18t century, but the ceety as it is kent the day wis planned an constructit in the 1890s, in order tae replace Ouro Preto as the caipital o Minas Gerais. The ceety features a mixture o contemporary an classical buildings, an hosts several modern Brazilian architectural icons, maist notably the Pampulha Complex. In plannin the ceety, Aarão Reis an Francisco Bicalho sought inspiration in the urban plannin o Washington, D.C. The ceety haes employed notable programs in urban revitalization an fuid security, for which it haes been awardit internaitional accolades.

The ceety is biggit on several hills an is completely surroondit bi muntains. There are several lairge pairks in the immediate surroondins o Belo Horizonte. The "Parque das Mangabeiras", locatit sax kilometres sooth-east frae the ceety centre in the hills o the Serra do Curral, affords a view ower the ceety. It hase an aurie o 2.35 km2 (580 acres), o which 0.9 km2 (220 acres) is native forest. The "Mata do Jambeiro" nature reserve extends ower 912 hectares (2,250 acres), wi vegetation typical o the Atlantic forest. Mair nor ane hunder species o bird inhabit the reserve, as well as ten different species o mammals.

## History
Belo Horizonte's earliest dounsets stem frae a ferm, Currall d'el Rey, which wis biggit in 1701 bi guldletaren João Leite da Silva Ortiz. A veelage wi the surroondin agricultural landscape eventually grew up aroond Currall d'el Rey. The veelage got progressively importance as stopower for migrants heidin tae the soothren pairts o the kintra. In the late 1800s leukit for a new caipital for the state, an decidit in 1893 tae the place whaur Currall d'el Rey law. Next, put in motion the process o biggin Brazil's first planned ceety, which wis kent as Cidade de Minas. The ceety wis inauguratit, if somewha lame, on the 12 Dizember 1897. The name wis chyngit tae Belo Horizonte in 1906.

## Internaitional relations
### Sister ceeties
Belo Horizonte's sister ceeties are:

### Pairtner ceeties
Belo Horizonte haes the follaein pairtner ceeties:
* **[[Milan]]**, Italy
* **[[Turin]]**, Italy
* **[[Grimsby]]**, Ingland

## References
Rio de Janeiro (state)

**Rio de Janeiro** ( ) is ane o the 26 states o Brazil.

The state o Rio de Janeiro is locatit athin the Brazilian geopolitical region classified as the Sootheast (assigned bi IBGE) an its boondaries, aw o them wi ither Brazilian states in the Southeast region (Rio de Janeiro is the ae state in the Sootheast tae share borders wi aw ither states in the same macroregion), are wi Minas Gerais (N an NW), Espírito Santo (NE) an São Paulo (SW), an plus its shore line, in the Atlantic Ocean, tae its East an Sooth.

Rio de Janeiro haes an aurie o 43,653&nbsp;km².  Its caipital is the ceety o Rio de Janeiro, which wis the caipital o the Portuguese Colony o Brazil frae 1763 tae 1806, caipital o the Unitit Kinrick o Portugal, Brazil an the Algarves frae 1806 tae 1822, an caipital o independent Brazil frae 1822 tae 1960.

The state's lairgest ceeties are Rio de Janeiro, Nova Iguaçu, Niterói, Duque de Caxias, São Gonçalo, São João de Meriti, Campos dos Goytacazes, Petrópolis an Volta Redonda.

Its principal rivers are the Guandu, the Piraí, the Paraíba do Sul, the Macaé an the Muriaé. Its climate is considered tae be tropical.

Rio de Janeiro is made up o twa distinct morphological auries: a plain, kent as *baixada*, an a plateau, which are disposed in parallel fashion frae the shoreline inland (towards Minas Gerais).

In the Brazilian banner, the state is representit bi the Beta star in the Soothren Cross (β = *Mimosa*).

## References
Carthage

**Carthage** is a major urban centre that haes existit for nearly 3,000 year on the Gulf o Tunis, developin frae a Phoenician colony o the 1st millennium BC which haes gien place tae the current suburb ootside Tunis, Tunisie, wi a population (2004 Census) o 20,715.

The first ceevilisation that developed athin the ceety's sphere o influence is referred tae as Punic (a form o the wird "Phoenician") or Carthaginian. The ceety o Carthage is locatit on the eastren side o Lake Tunis athort frae the centre o Tunis. Accordin tae Roman legend it wis foondit in 814 BC bi Phoenician colonists frae Tyre unner the leadership o Elissa (Queen Dido). It became a muckle an rich ceety an thus a major pouer in the Mediterranean. The resultin rivalry wi Syracuse an Rome wis accompanied bi several wars wi respective invasions o ilk ither's hameland. Hannibal's invasion o Italy in the Seicont Punic War culminatit in the Carthaginian victory at Cannae an led tae a serious threat tae the continuation o Roman rule ower Italy; housomeivver, Carthage emerged frae the conflict at its historical weakest efter Hannibal's defeat at the Battle o Zama in 202 BC. Efter the Third Punic War, the ceety wis destroyed bi the Romans in 146 BC. Housomeivver, the Romans refoondit Carthage, which became the Empire's third maist important ceety an the caipital o the short-lived Vandal kinrick. It remained ane o the maist important Roman ceeties till the Muslim conquest whan it wis destroyed a seicont time in AD 698.

## References
Gammarth

**Gammarth** is a seaside resort toun on the Mediterranean Sea in the Tunis Governorate o Tunisie, locatit some 15 tae 20 kilometre north o Tunis, adjacent tae La Marsa. It is an upmarket resort, kent for its expensive hotels an shops. Gammarth begoud as a sma fishin clachan but follaein independence frae Fraunce it blossomed intae a resort frae the 1950s. Tourism nou provides the backbone tae the local economy. Gammarth haes mony five-star hotels an restaurants an haes mony lavish white villas an coves in the vicinity an aa. Weel-kent villas include Abou Nawas Gammarth an Les Dunes.

Excavations at Gammarth Hill hae revealed some catacombs an Talmudic inscriptions. These auncient burial chambers are believed tae date tae Roman times in the seicont century whan nearby Carthage wis a thrivin Roman city.

Gammarth haes a notable cinema complex an aa.

## See an aa
*Leet o ceeties in Tunisie

## References

## Freemit airtins
*YouTube video
La Goulette

**La Goulette** (, *Halq al-Wadi*) is a municipality an the port o Tunis, Tunisie. The Kasbah fortress wis biggit in 1535 bi Charles I o Spain but wis captured bi the Ottoman Turks in 1574. La Goulette is locatit at aroond .

The name derives frae gullet, a channel whaur the ceety is locatit, no frae the ship type schooner, cawed *goélette*, *goleta* or *goletta* in French, Spaingie an Italian.

La Goulette is linked tae Tunis bi the TGM railway.

## Freemit airtins

* http://www.lagoulette.net 
* 1996 film inspired by pre-1967 religious diversity in area
La Marsa

**La Marsa** or **al-Marsa** () is a coastal toun in far northeastren Tunisie near the caipital Tunis. It is locatit at aroond . The population is estimatit as 65,742, as o 2006. The auld simmer caipital o pre-colonial Tunisie, it is theday a popular vacation spot for mony middle class Tunisians.

It is connectit tae Tunis bi the TGM railway. Gammarth is adjacent tae La Marsa further up the coast.

## Freemit airtins
* View o La Marsa
* Lexicorient
Zaghouan

**Zaghwan** (or **Zaghouan**; ) is a toun in the northren hauf o Tunisie. Situatit on a low ridge o the Dorsale Muntains, the toun haes a mild climate an presents a green aspect. Cauld water frae here wis taken bi aqueduct tae Carthage. The toun is famous for its roses, oreeginally cultivatit bi Muslim refugees frae Spain in the seiventeent century. The toun is locatit aroond 100&nbsp;km due sooth o Tunis an aroond 50&nbsp;km inland (wast) frae the Gulf o Hammamet an haes an estimatit population o aroond 16,037 (2004). It is the caipital o the Zaghouan Governorate.
Somali leid

The **Somali leid** (, ) is a member o the East Cushitic branch o the Afro-Asiatic leid faimily. Its nearest relatives are Afar an Oromo. Somali is the best documentit o the Cushitic leids, wi academic studies beginnin afore 1900.

## Number o speakers
The exact number o speakers o Somali is unkent. Ane source estimates that there are 7.78 million speakers o Somali in Somalie itself (includin Somaliland) an 12.65 million speakers globally. A population estimate made bi the Dutch Universiteitsbibliotheek Utrecht puts the Somali population somewhaur atween 10 an 15 million. Combined wi a lairge internaitional expatriate community, it is difficult tae get a specific number o Somali speakers, but somewhaur atween 10 an 16 million warldwide seems a reasonable estimate. Accordin tae Gordon (2005), approximately 13 million fowk speak Somali, but upwards o 25 million individuals are commonly estimatit tae speak the leid.http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?LangID=202&menu=004 

## References
Erdenet

**Erdenet** ( literally "gem), is the seicont-lairgest ceety in Mongolie an the caipital o the aimag (province) o Orkhon.

Locatit in the northren pairt o the kintra, it lies in a valley atween the Selenge an Orkhon rivers aboot 150 miles (240&nbsp;km) (as the crow flies) northwast o Ulan Bator, the caipital. The road lenth atween Ulan Bator an Erdenet is aboot 230 miles (371&nbsp;km).

## Population

## History
Erdenet, ane o the youngest settlements in Mongolie, wis foondit in 1974 in an aurie whaur lairge deposits o copper haed been discovered in the 1950s. A single-track railwey line wi a lenth o 75 mile (120&nbsp;km) linkin Erdenet tae the Transmongolian Railway wis inauguratit in 1977. In the middle o the 1980s, mair nor 50% o the indwallers wur Roushies wirkin as ingineers or miners. Efter the faw o communism in 1990, housomeivver, maist o them left Erdenet. The day aboot 10% are Roushies. A comparatively heich percentage o indwallers jynt the Kirk o Jesus Christ o Latter Day Saunts who biggit a kirk in the wastren pairt o the ceety .

## Views on Erdenet

Image:Fraternity monument Erdenet.jpg|The "Fraternity Monument" in Erdenet
Image:Erdenet 03.JPG
Image:Erdenet 04.JPG
Image:GAZ-21_"Volga"_in_Erdenet,_Mongolia.jpg


## [[Erdenet Mining Corporation]]
Erdenet mines 22.23 million tons o ore per year, producin 126,700 tons o copper an 1954 tons o molybdenum.  The mine accoonts for 13.5% o Mongolie's GDP an 7% o tax revenue.


Image:Erdenet 09.JPG
Image:Erdenet 10.JPG
Image:Erdenet 12.JPG
Image:Erdenet 11.JPG


## Sister ceeties
Erdenet is twinned wi:



## References

## Freemit airtins

* Wikitravel's Erdenet travel guide
* Erdenet Mining Corporation
Provinces o Mongolie

**[[Mongolie]]** is dividit intae 21 **[[aimag (kintra subdiveesion)|aimag]]s** (, sometimes translatit tae *province*). Ilka aimag is subdividit intae several sums. The name *[[aimag]]* is derived frae the Mongolian an Turkic leids wird for "tribe". The caipital, Ulaanbaatar, is govrened as an independent municipality separate frae Tov Aimag, in which it is locatit.

## Leet o Aimags

*- Govisümber aimag was split from Dornogovi aimag in 1994.

## References
Sousse

**Sousse** (Arabic **سوسة**, Berber: **Susa**) is a ceety in Tunisie. Locatit 140&nbsp;km sooth o the caipital Tunis, the ceety haes 173,047 inhabitants (2004). Sousse is in the central-east o the kintra, on the Gulf o Hammamet, which is a pairt o the Mediterranean Sea. The name mey be o Berber oreegin: similar names are foond in Libie an in the sooth o Morocco (Bilād al-Sūs). The ceety is the caipital o Sousse Govrenorate wi 540,000 inhabitants (2005 estimate). Its economy is based on transport equipment, processed fuid, olive oil, textiles an tourism. It is hame tae the Université de Sousse.

## Sister ceeties
*  Constantine, Algerie
*  Braunschweig, Germany
*  Ljubljana, Slovenie
*  Marrakech, Morocco
*  Van Nuys, Unitit States
*  Quebec Ceety, Canadae
*  İzmir, Turkey
*  Latakia, Sirie
*  Saunt Petersburg, Roushie
*  Serpukhov region, Roushie
Ukrainian leid

**Ukrainian** ( *ukrayins'ka mova*, ) is a leid o the East Slavic subgroup o the Slavic leids. It is the offícial state leid o Ukraine. Written Ukrainian uises a variant o the Cyrillic alphabet.

The orígins o the Ukrainian leid gang back til the Auld East Slavic o the early medieval state o Kievan Rus'. It wis ance kent as Ruthenian (*руська мова*). Ukrainian comes doun frae the common leid uised in Kievan Rus (10t–13t century). Tho it wis whiles hauden doun, the Ukrainian leid haes aye bidden an been uised bi Ukrainians. It haes aye haed a strang eneuch haud amang the Ukrainian fowk in their fowk sangs, kobzars, an líteratur.
The letters are:

А а Б б В в Г г Ґ ґ Д д Е е Є є Ж ж З з И и І і Ї ї Й й К к Л л М м Н н О о П п Р р С с Т т У у Ф ф Х х Ц ц Ч ч Ш ш Щ щ ь Ю ю Я я

## References
Banner o Serbie

The **banner o [[Serbie]]** is a tricolour wi Pan-Slavic colours, wi three equal horizontal fields, reid on the tap, blue in the middle an white on the bottom. The same tricolour, in some variations, wis the banner o Serbie throughoot its history, an is the ethnic banner o the Serbian fowk.
The state banner bears the lesser Coat o airms o Serbie, centered vertically an locatit left o centre bi ane-seivent o the banner's lenth.

The current form o the banner wis offeecially adoptit on August 16, 2004 in form o recommendation issued bi the Parliament o Serbie. Bi adoption o the new Constitution o Serbie on November 8, 2006, its usage became constitutionally sanctioned.

## References
Coat o airms o Burundi

The **Coat o Airms o [[Burundi]]**, adoptit in 1966, consists o a shield surroondit bi three spears.  On the shield is the motto o the naition, as well as the heid o a lion.  Ahint the shield thare are three crossed traditional African spears.  Unner the shield the naitional motto o Burundi appears on a scroll: *Unité, Travail, Progrès* (French, "Unity, Wirk, Progress").
Hmong leid

**Hmong** (RPA: *Hmoob*) or **Mong** (RPA: *Moob*) is the common name for a dialect continuum o the Wast Hmongic branch o the Hmong-Mien/Miao-Yao leid faimily spoken bi the Hmong fowk o Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, northren Vietnam, Thailand, an Laos. The tot nummer o speakers warldwide haes been estimatit tae be mair nor 4 million, includin ower 200,000 Hmong Americans. Some dialects are mutually intelligible while ithers are sae distinct as tae be considered separate leids.

## References
Coat o airms o Serbie

The **Coat o airms o [[Serbie]]** is the same as the coat o airms o the umwhile Obrenović dynasty (first adoptit in 1882; re-adoptit in 2004) an features the white bicephalic eagle o the Hoose o Nemanjić. A ermine cape o the style ance worn bi kings is featurt in the backgrund. The double-heidit eagle haes been uised syne Byzantine times, the Serbian cross haes been uised syne the 12t century. In November 2010 the coat o airms wis redesigned accordin tae heraldic experts.

## Design
The principal field stands for the Serbian State. It consists o a double-heidit eagle on a reid shield; its body an wings in siller, an tongues, beaks, legs an claws in gowd, atween twa gowden fleurs-de-lys. The inescutcheon stands for the Serbian Naition; in a reid shield, a cross atween fower siller firesteels reenged in the quarters aroond it, aw o thaim facin horizontally ootwards.

A blazon in heraldic terms is: *Gules, a bicephalic eagle Argent armed Or, twa fleurs-de-lys Or. Oweraw an escutcheon Gules, a cross Argent atween fower firesteels Argent. Aw crouned wi a ryal croun.*
The design on the inescutcheon haes been uised bi Serbian states an the Serbian kirk syne the Middle Ages.

The fower shapes aroond the central cross are firesteels, but thay are commonly referred tae as Cyrillic letters С. Thay actually oreeginate frae the Greek letter B (beta) frae the phrase: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΝ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΩΝ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣΙΝ (The King o Kings rules ower Kings), as oreeginally uised on the banner o the Palaiologos dynasty o Byzantine Empire.

Awbeit Serbie is nou a republic, the new coat o airms features the croun o the umwhile Serbian monarchy. While unuisual for republics, it is no unprecedentit.


File:Coat of Arms of the Principality of Serbia.png|Principality o Serbie(1835−1882)
File:Royal Coat of arms of Serbia (1882–1918).svg|Kinrick o Serbie (1882−1918)
Image:Coat of arms of serbia 1941 1944 vectorised.svg|1941−1944
File:Coat of arms of Serbia (1947–2004).svg|Socialist Republic o Serbie(1947−1990)
File:Coat of arms of Serbia (2004-2010).svg|Republic o Serbie (2004−2010)


## See an aa
*Banner o Serbie
*Coat o airms o the Socialist Republic o Serbie
*Seal o Republika Srpska

## Fremmit airtins
*Serbian Coat o Airms 
*Serbian Society o Heraldic Enthusiasts

## References
Hamhung

**Hamhŭng** (*Hamhŭng-si*; ) is North Korea's seicont lairgest ceety, an the caipital o Hamgyongnam-do. In late 2005, nearbi Hŭngnam wis made a ward (*kuyŏk*) athin Hamhŭng-si. It haes a population o 768,551 as o 2008.

## Sister ceeties
*  Shanghai, Fowkrepublic o Cheenae

## References
Bitama

**Bitama** is a veelage in wastren Eritrea lyin 16.6 mile north-east o Teseney. It is locatit in Haykota District in the Gash-Barka region.

Nearby touns an villages include Sebderat (15.4&nbsp;nm), Teseney (16.6&nbsp;nm), Ghirmayka (18.7&nbsp;nm), Elit (8.7&nbsp;nm), Algheden (17.6&nbsp;nm), Arcugi (19.1&nbsp;nm), Giamal Biscia (18.1&nbsp;nm) an Adendema (13.4&nbsp;nm).

 
## Freemit airtins
*Satellite map at Maplandia.com
*Location on MSN encarta map
Zriba

**Zriba** (الزريبة) or **Zriba Hammam** is a ceety locatit aboot 60&nbsp;km sooth o Tunis at the fuit o Jebel Zaghouan.

Admeenistratively attached tae the Zaghouan Governorate, it is a municipality o 9,002 inhabitants.

There are steam rooms, which give it its name, an a auld mine.

The ruins o the ancient ceety Zriba 'Alia, are locatit atween twa sma muntains an owerleuk the Djebel Zaghouan, the seicont heichest summit in Tunisie efter the Djebel Chambi. Ahint the hammam is the remains o a saunt named Sidi Zekri.

The festival, which takes place ivery year in Julie tae discover the ceety through various cultural activities.

Zriba an aa includes an industrial aurie that benefits frae the skills o the local wirkforce.

## See an aa
*Leet o ceeties in Tunisie

## References
Tozeur

**Tozeur** () is an oasis an a ceety in sooth wast Tunisie. The ceety is locatit North Wast o Chott el-Djerid, in atween this Chott an the smawer Chott el-Gharsa. It is the caipital o the Tozeur Govrenorate.

Wi hunders o thoosans o paum trees, Tozeur is a muckle oasis. The dates that are exportit frae Tozeur are vera weel kent. In auncient times, afore the advent o motorized vehicles, the oasis wis important for the transportation throu the Sahara, which teuk place in caravans. The name o the ceety in antiquity wis Tusuros, it wis an important Roman ootpost.

In the medina (auld ceety) o Tozeur, ane can find traditional airchitectur, fashion an wirkmanship. Lik elsewhaur in Tunisie, the local population is generally vera hospitable towards tourists, an thare are an aa mony tourist facilities. Frae Tozeur ane can mak trips on a camel, explore the Sahara Desert an get tae ken the Chott el-Djerid, whaur ane can see fata Morgana's.
Lishán Didán

**Lishán Didán** is a modern Jewish Aramaic leid, aften cawed *Neo-Aramaic* or *Judeo-Aramaic*. It wis oreeginally spoken in Iranian Azerbaijan, in the region o Lake Urmia, frae Salmas tae Mahabad. Maest speakers nou live in Israel. The name *Lishán Didán* means 'oor leid'; ither variations are *Lishanán*, 'oor-leid', an *Lishanid Nash Didán*, 'the leid o oor sels'. As this causes some confusion wi similarly named dialects (Lishana Deni, Lishanid Noshan), scholarly sources tend simply tae uise a mair descriptive name, like *Persian Azerbaijani Jewish Neo-Aramaic*. Tae distinguish it frae ither dialects o Jewish Neo-Aramaic, Lishán Didán is sometimes cawed *Lakhlokhi* (literally 'to-you(f)-to-you(m)') or *Galihalu* ('mine-yours'), demonstratin different uise o prepositions an pronominal suffixes.
Bizerte

**Bizerte** or Bizerta (; transliterated: Banzart; Italian: *Biserta*) is the caipital city o Bizerte Govrenorate in Tunisie. It haes a population o 114,371 (2004 census).

## History

Bizerte is kent as the auldest an maist European city in Tunisie. It wis foondit aroond 1000 BC bi Phoeniciens frae Tyre. It is forby kent as the last toun tae remain unner French control aifter the rest o the kintra won its unthirldom frae Fraunce.

Initially a sma Phoenician harbour, the city cam unner the influence o Carthage efter the defeat o Agathocles durin the Punic Wars. The city wis syne occupied bi the Romans, unner the name o Hippo Diarrhytus or Hippo Zarrytus.

Bizerte wis successively conquert bi the Arabs in 647 (wha gied the city its name the nou), bi the troops o Charles V o the Holy Roman Empire in 1535, an then bi the Turks in 1574. The city syne becam a corsair harbour an struggled agin the French an the Venetians.

Wi the occupation o Tunisie in 1880, Fraunce gaint control of Bizerte an biggit a muckle naval harbour in the city. 

In 1924, efter the French govrenment officially recognised the Soviet Union (USSR), the wastren military fleet o White Roushie that haed been kept in the port o Bizerte wis returnt tae the Soviet govrenment. The ships niver shiftit frae the port an war selt thare as scrap metal.

Durin the Seicont Warld War, Bizerte wis occupied bi the German Airmy an wis retaken bi American troops on 7 Mey 1943. Durin the fechtin atween the Allied forces an the German Airmy, mony o the city's inhabitants flittit tae the kintraside or Tunis. The city haed suffet a muckle amoont o damage durin the battle.

Owin tae Bizerte's strategic location on the Mediterranean, Fraunce wantit tae retain its naval base thare. Fraunce accordinly kept control o the city e'en efter Tunisie gaint its unthirldom in 1956. The city wis blockadit in 1961 bi the Tunisian Airmy an Navy, an attackit aifterwart. Fraunce respondit bi drappin 7,000 paratroopers an sendin in three warships. The three day battle resultit in 700 deid an 1,200 woondit amangst the Tunisians (that includit civilian volunteers) at the cost o 24 deid an 100 woondit amangst the French forces. 

The French military finally abandoned Bizerte on 15 October 1963.

## Sister cities
* Tangier, Morocco
* Port Said, Egyp
* Annaba, Algerie
* Kalamata, Greece
* Palermo, Italy

## References
Algiers

**Algiers** ( *al-Jazā’ir*, Algerie Arabic an Berber: *Dzayer دزاير* ; , ) is the caipital an lairgest ceety o Algerie an the Maghreb.

Cawed *El-Bahdja* (البهجة) or alternatively *Alger le Blanc* ("Algiers the White") for the glistenin white o its buildings as seen risin up frae the sea, Algiers is situatit on the wast side o a bay o the Mediterrane Sea. The ceety name is derived (via French *Alger* an Catalan *Alguère*) frae the Arabic wird الجزائر *al-jazā’ir*, which translates as *the islands*, referrin tae the fower islands which lay aff the ceety's coast till becomin pairt o the mainland in 1525. *Al-jazā’ir* is itsel a truncatit form o the ceety's aulder name جزائر بني مازغان *jazā’ir banī mazghannā*, "the islands o (the tribe) Bani Mazghanna", uised bi early medieval geographers such as al-Idrisi an Yaqut al-Hamawi.

The modren pairt o the ceety is biggit on the level grund bi the seashore; the auld pairt, the auncient ceety o the deys, climbs the steep hill ahint the modren toun an is crouned bi the casbah or citadel, 400&nbsp;ft (122 m) abuin the sea. The casbah an the twa quays form a triangle.

## Internaitional relations
### Twin touns — Sister ceeties
Algiers is twinned wi:

*In addition, mony o the wards an ceeties athin Algiers maintain sister-ceety relationships wi ither foreign ceeties.*

## References

## Freemit airtins
Agareb

**Agareb** () is a coastal toun an commune in eastren Tunisie in the Sfax Governorate. It lies 20 kilometres frae Sfax. As o 2004 it haed a population o 9,610.

It wis foondit bi an Islamic saunt o the fowerteent century, named Sidi Brahim Agareb.

Agareb haes a muckle industrial aurie which includes ane o mucklest tile plants in Tunisie. Pastoral an olive production are important.

## References
Scots Cant

**Scots Cant** (aften simply **Cant**) is a cant spak in Scotland bi Scots Travellers.

## Classification
Although a certain amoont o Romani wirds hae entered Scots Cant thru intermarriage wi Brítish Romanis, Scots Travellers are an autochthonous group o travelling fowk an no tae be ramfeeselt wi Breetish New Age Travellers. Scots Cant essentially remains a Germanic leid. The Goidelic (Erse an Gaelic) element in Scottish Cant is put onywhaur atween 0.8% an 20%.

## Uise o auld Scots
Scots Cant uises terms derived frae Scots which are nae langer uised in Modren Scots as spak bi non-Travellers, such as *mowdit* "buried", *mools* "earth", baith frae *muild(s)*, an *gellie*, frae *gailey* (galley), "a bothy".

## Gaelic influences
Loans frae Gaelic include wirds like:
* *cluishes* "ears" (Gaelic *cluasan* or *cluais*, a dative form o *cluas* "ear")
* *shan* "bad" (Gaelic *sean* "auld")

## Romani influences
There are Romani loans such as an the percentage o Romani lexial borraeins is said tae be up tae 50% o the lexicon; some examples are:
* *gadgie* "man" (Romani *[[Gadjo (non-Romani)|gadžó]]* "a non-Romani person")
* *pannie* "watter" (Romani *paní*)

## References


## See an aa
* Beurla Reagaird
* Shelta
Oldsmobile

**Oldsmobile** wis a brand o automobile produced for maist o its existence by General Motors. It was founded by Ransom E. Olds in 1897. In its 107-year history, it produced 35.2 million caurs, includin at least 14 million built at its Lansing, Michigan factory. When it wis phased oot in 2004, Oldsmobile wis the auldest survivin American automobile marque, an ane o the auldest in the warld, efter Daimler an Peugeot. Oldsmobile wis General Motors' first brand tae be phased oot in the 21st century, efter the company's Geo an Canadian-market Asüna brands wur phased oot in the 1990s, an afore the discontinuation o General Motors' Pontiac, Saturn, an Hummer brands in 2010.


File:Oldsmobile logo.jpg|old logo
File:Oldsmobile, BS 8156, London to Brighton Veteran Car Run 2010, 1904 7HP Curved-Dash Runabout.jpg|Oldsmobile 7HP Curved-dash runabout 1904
File:Oldsmobile 1904 10HP Tonneau on London to Brighton VCR 2010.jpg|Oldsmobile 10HP Tonneau 1904
Buick

**Buick** () is a division o General Motors which sells vehicles in the Unitit States, Canadae, Mexico, Cheenae, Taiwan, an Israel bi General Motors (GM). It is GM's North American-based entry-level luxury brand. Buick haulds the distinction as the auldest American mak.

## References
Buick LaCrosse

The **Buick LaCrosse** is a mid-size luxury sedan produced bi General Motors. The Buick LaCrosse, is a fower-door sedan which replaced the Buick Century an Regal in North Americae beginnin in the 2005 model year.
Buick GL8

The **Buick GL8** is a minivan sauld bi General Motors' Buick division in Cheenae. Introduced in 2000, the GL8 is seemilar tae the Pontiac Montana. Unlik ither GM minivans, a ruif rack wis niver affered.  It wis redesigned for 2005; housomeivver, it haes a mair aerodynamic an futuristic leuk than its American an Canadian coonterpairts, the Buick Terraza, the Chevrolet Uplander, the Pontiac Montana, an the Saturn Relay.

## Models
The regular wheelbase GL8 is kent as the GL8 2.5 while the extendit wheelbase variant is cawed the GL8 Firstland. Thare are fower trim levels available, cawed the LT, CT1, CT2, an GT (which is ae available on the Firstland). In October 2001, the first bunch o Buick GL10s (10 passenger versions o the 1st-generation GL8) war exportit tae the Philippines.

Engines:
* **GL8 2.5**: 2.5&nbsp;L V6 engine
* **GL8 Firstland**: 3.0&nbsp;L V6

## Prototype

In 2001, the Buick GL8 XEA1 or Phoenix wis developed as a collaboration atween General Motors an Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation (SAIC). The Buick GL8 XAE1 is a hybrid vehicle that uises a 35&nbsp;kW fuel cell an compressed hydrogen gas tae deliver its pouer. The General Motors Phoenix wis offeecially unveiled at the Pan Asia Automotive Technology Center in Cheenae in the year 2001.

## Freemit airtins
*Offeecial site  - In Cheenese
*Buick GL8 information
Buick Apollo

The **Buick Apollo** is a compact caur based on the GM X platform an manufactured frae 1973 tae 1975, meanin it shared its platform wi the Oldsmobile Omega, Chevrolet Nova, an the Pontiac Ventura. The caur wis named for the Roman god Apollo who wis recognised as a god o licht an the sun; truth an prophecy; archery; medicine, healin an plague; muisic, poetry, an the airts. He an aa drove his sun-chariot, the Quadriga athort the sky.

It wis pouered bi a 250&nbsp;in³ Chevrolet inline sax or an optional 350&nbsp;in³ Buick V8, available wi aither a 2- or 4-barrel carburetor. The Oldsmobile 260 wis addit as the base V8 option for 1975. It wis available as a hatchback an notchback coupe an as a 4 door sedan. The twa-door models wur renamed Skylark for 1975, an the sedan follaed the year efter. 112,901 wur biggit. The Apollo appeared aroond the same time as the introduction o the Toyota Cressida, Datsun 810, the 1968-1976 Mercedes-Benz 300E, 1972-1981 BMW 528 an the Audi 100.

A **GSX** package wis available on the coupe for 1974. It wis available in reid or white an featurt a blacked-oot grille, unique stripin, an bucket seats, amang ither features.

Ither options includit side moldins wi chrome coloured heichlichts surroondin the mauldin tae enhance a mair luxurious effect, runnin parallel tae the 3 front fake rectangular portholes, cawed "ventiports" on baith front sides o the caur, frae front tae back. Ither options includit chrome aroond the side windaes an optional lairge chrome platin aroond the whole bottom curvature o baith front doors on the twa door model. Thare wis an' a' an option o extra pertection wi lairge front bumpers addit tae the front o the caur alang wi the pertection o a hivy absorbent bumper awready mandatit for the front an back. Various hubcaps an white wall tires addit tae the luxury leuk o the caur. Thare war optional sport side mirrors for the front driver an passenger side which an aa addit a sporty leuk tae the caur.  Itherwise chrome rectangular side view mirrors wur staundart.

Thare wis nae antenna muntit on the body o the caur. Instead, twa wires wur insertit in atween the layers o gless in the front windshield.
## References
Hafei Lobo

The **Hafei Lobo** is a ceety caur based on the *Lubao* (Lobo) design bi Pininfarina produced bi the Cheenese manufacturer Hafei Motor syne 2002.

Its chassis is sourced frae Breetish company Lotus.

In Roushie, its name is Hafei Brio. In Sri Lanka, the caurs is marketit as the Micro Trend frae Micro Cars Limited. In Malaysie, the caur is marketit as the Naza Sutera frae Naza. In Thailand, Naza Sutera frae Malaysie is marketit as Naza Forza.

The Hafei Lobo is available wi the follaein tae petrol-pouered ingines:
* **1.0&nbsp;-DA465Q-2- 8V  33.5&nbsp;kW (45&nbsp;hp)'' ([[Euro II]])
* **1.1&nbsp;-DA468Q- 16V 48&nbsp;kW (64&nbsp;hp)''

## References

## Freemit airtins
*Hafei (en) 
*Hafei (cn) 
*China Aero
*Micro Cars Limited
Tindouf

**Tindouf** (Berber: **Tinduf**, ) is the main toun in Tindouf Province, Algerie, close tae the Mauritanian an Moroccan borders. The region is considered o strategic significance, an it hooses Algerian military bases. Since 1975, it an aa contains several Sahrawi refugee camps operatit bi the Polisario Front (see this article). There is an airport ootside Tindouf, north-wast o the toun, wi regular *[[Air Algérie]]* flights tae Algiers an ither ceeties. Athin the municipal territory o Tindouf, there is **Gara Djebilet**, a settlement near the border wi Mauritanie wi a iron mine an a defunct airport. It is approximately 70 kilometers northwast o Aet Legra.

## History
The toun o Tindouf wis biggit near an isolatit Saharan oasis in 1852 by members o the Tajakant tribe, but sacked an destroyed bi Reguibat tribe in 1895. It remained desertit till French troops arrived in the aurie in 1934. Since Algerian independence in 1962, the toun haes been purposely biggit up, pairtly acause o its importance as a last ootpost afore the Moroccan an Mauritanian borders.

## Demographics
Tindouf haes a population o 44,058 (2006 estimates).

## References
Human richts in Sudan

Some human richts organisations hae documentit a variety o abuses an atrocities carried oot bi the Sudanese govrenment ower the past several years. The 2009 Human Richts Report bi the Unitit States Department o State notit serious concerns ower human richts violations bi the govrenment an militia groups.

## Abuses in conflict settings
Conflicts atween the govrenment an rebel groups—the civil war involvin north-sooth tensions, the Darfur conflict involvin Arab-tribesfowk tensions in the Darfur region in the wast—hae resultit in rape, torture, killins, an massive population displacements (estimatit at ower 2 million in 2007), earnin Sudan comparison tae Rwanda in the press. Thare hae an aa been several reportit cases o crucifixions carried oot in Sudan.

Accordin tae the *[[Christian Science Monitor]]* on Mairch 25, 2004:
:The Darfur region war boils doun tae this: African tribes hae lang been at odds wi Arab groups in the region ower access tae guid land. Then, last year, twa airmed African groups began a rebellion against the Khartoum regime. The government respondit bi apparently givin military support tae Arab militias. There are reports o Sudanese military planes bombin villages, efter which Arab militias go in an rape an kill survivors.

## Ethnic cleansin
The conflict haes been describit bi Mukesh Kapila, UN coordinator for Sudan, as ethnic cleansin, as Black Arab militias cairy oot seestematic massacres o tribesfowk in the Darfur region. Accordin tae Kapila, "The government haes a close knowledge o wha's goin on - an can influence the Arab militia." The UN estimates that 10,000 civilians in the Darfur region hae dee'd sicweys far, an ower 100,000 hae fled intae neighborin Chad.

## References
Charles Erskine, 22nt Yerl o Mar

**Charles Erskine, 22nt Earl o Mar (''de jure'' 5t Earl o Mar)** (19 October 1650 – 23 Mey 1689) wis a Scots nobleman.

On 2 Aprile 1674 he mairit Mary Maule, dochter o George Maule, 2nt Earl o Panmure. Thair son John Erskine became 22nt Earl o Mar.
James o Mar, 30t Yerl o Mar

**James Clifton o Mar, 30t Earl o Mar** (22 November 1914&ndash;21 Aprile 1975) wis a Scots peer.

He wis born **James Clifton Lane**, an wis offeecially recognised in the style *o Mar* bi warrant o the Lord Lyon in 1959 on bein recognised as Heir Presumptive o Lionel Erskine-Young, 29t Earl o Mar, his first cousin ance removed (baith he an the 29t Earl wur descendit frae a sister o John Goodeve-Erskine, 27t Earl o Mar), an frae then on wis kent as **The Master o Mar** till he succeedit as 30t Earl in 1965.

His ae son, David o Mar, Master o Mar, dee'd in 1967, an whan Lord Mar dee'd in 1975 he wis succeedit bi his elder dochter, Margaret o Mar, Mistress o Mar.
Akron

**Akron** is the name o several places:

## Dounsets
;Unitit States
* Akron, Ohio &mdash; a ceety an the lairgest place wi this name
* Akron, Alabama
* Akron, Colorado
* Akron, Indiana
* Akron, Iowa
* Akron, Michigan
* Akron, New York
* Akron, Pennsylvanie
* Akron, Wast Virginie
* Akron Township, Illinois
* Akron Township, Michigan
* Akron Township, Big Stone Coonty, Minnesota
* Akron Township, Wilkin Coonty, Minnesota
;Canadae
* Akron, Ontario
;Sooth Africae
* Akron, Sooth Africae

## Capes an beaches
;In Cyprus
* Akron Stazousa
* Akron Petounta
* Akron Acheiropoiitos
* Akron Kokkina
* Akron Pomos
* Akron Galounopetra
* Akron Geranisos

;In Greece
* Akron Ayios Giorgios
* Kugarission Akron
* Akron Marathopolis
* Akron Karavophanara
* Korifasion Akron
* Akron Krithoti
* Akron Milianos
* Akron Megalo Karaburnu
* Akron Kunello
* Akron Klinto
* Akron Karsee

## Muntains
;Greece
*Akron Ori range
*Akron Mount or muntain

## Other uises
*USS Akron (ZRS-4) &mdash; a rigid airship o the Unitit States Navy
*Akron (non-rigid airship) &mdash; a hydrogen-filled airship biggit in 1911 which burned affshore near Brigantine, New Jersey
*University o Akron &mdash; a varsity in Akron, Ohio
*Akron Zips — the athletic program o the University o Akron
*Akron Art Museum
*Akron Symphony Orchestra
*Akron Aeros
*Akron Dogs
*Akron Airport
*Akron Americans
*Akron and Barberton Belt Railroad
*Akron/Family - a fowk-influenced experimental rock baund.
*Akron Plan, an airchitectural plan for kirk buildins in the late 19t an early 20t century

## See an aw
*Acron (disambiguation)
*Akron Airport (disambiguation)
*Akronisos an island in Turkey
Akron, Ohio

**Akron** is a city in the Unitit States an the caipital o Summit Coonty in northeastren Ohio. It wis foondit in 1825 near the canal linkin the Ohio River tae Loch Erie.

Akron is cried the "Rubber Caipital o the Warld", as its heichly developit, wi the tire sector staunin oot in pairticular acause the Goodyear Tire an Rubber Company, a warld leader in this field, haes its heidquarters in Akron.
Tantallon Castle

**Tantallon Castle** is a mid-14t-century castle, locatit 5&nbsp;km (3.1&nbsp;mi) east o North Berwick, in East Lowden, Scotland. It sits atouer a ness conter the Bauss Rock, leukin oot ontae the Firth o Forth. The last medieval curtain wa castle tae be construckit in Scotland, Tantallon comprises the ae wa blockin aff the ness, wi the ither three side naitrally proteckit bi sea heuchs.

## References
Bathorë

**Bathorë** is an aurie juist ootside Tirana, the caipital ceety o Albanie in Eastren Europe. Muckle o the aurie is essentially a shanty toun, although local an internaitional charitable organisations are involved in layin drainage an water supply pipes, an in recent years a hospital (built bi Merlin) an schuil (pairt-fundit bi UNICEF) hae been constructit.

The aurie, comprisin approximately 2 square miles, wis oreeginally a state-run farm, an mony o the estimatit 20,000 residents live in convertit cattle sheds wi vera little space, an aften nae windaes. Sanitation is poor an there is nae legal supply o electricity, although haphazard supplies dae exist.

## Freemit airtins
*Aid Convoy &ndash; Ane o the organisations wirkin in Bathorë
*Photographs o Bathorë 
*Map showin Bathorë
Vorë

**Vorë** is a municipality in Tirana Destrict, Tirana Coonty in Albanie.

While sma, it is locatit at a major road junction (SH2 an SH52) an railway junction.

Trains go in three directions here:
*Durrës–Tiranë railway
*Shkozet (junction an railway wirks) – Durrës / Rrogozhinë an further
*Milot – Shkodër

## References
Gërdec

**Gërdec** is a veelage in Albanie, 11 kilometers north-wast o the caipital Tirana, pairt o the municipality Vorë. It wis the steid o the explosions at a militar base on 15 Mairch 2008, causin the daiths o mair nor 27 fowk an injurin ower 100.

Defense Meenister Fatmir Mediu resigned, an the press reportit mony irregularities at the blast steid, operatit bi an Albanian company that deactivatit the kintra's agin ammunition an then sauld it for scrap. His alleged ties wi individuals such as Ephraim Diveroli an Damir Fazllic are unner investigation an awaitin trial.

## References
Coonties o Albanie

Albanie is dividit intae twal coonties (Albanian: *qarku*, sing. *qark* (offeecial term); but aften *prefektura*, sing. *prefekturë*, whiles translatit as prefectur). Ilka contains several destricts (whiles describit as subprefecturs). Syne 1938, Albanie haes 12 coonties.

## See an aa
* Geography o Albanie
* Destricts o Albanie
* Leet o ceeties in Albanie
* ISO 3166-2:AL

## Freemit airtins
*
Kavajë

**Kavajë** or **Kavaja**, caipital o Kavajë Destrict, Tirana Coonty is a ceety situatit on the wastren inlands, juist a few kilometers aff the Adriatic Sea, in Central Albanie.

The District o Kavajë haes a population o 82,921 inhabitants as o Januar 1, 2010.
## History
Early Ottoman records o the late 16t century mention o a sma establishment in the present territory unner the name o *Kavalje*. It's unclear hou Kavajë got its current name as little historical data exists on record. Durin the simmer o 1990, anti-government riots eruptit aw ower the ceety which later contributit tae the topplin o the Communist Regime in Albanie.
Ngo Dinh Diem

**Ngo Dinh Diem** (, , ), (Januar 3, 1901&nbsp;– November 2, 1963) wis the first Preses o Sooth Vietnam (1955–1963). In the wake o the French athdrawal frae Indocheenae as a result o the 1954 Geneva Accords, Diem led the effort tae creaut the Republic o Vietnam. Accruin considerable US support due tae his staunch anti-Communism, he achieved victory in a 1955 plebiscite that wis widely considered fraudulent. Proclaimin hissel the Republic's first Preses, he demonstratit considerable poleetical skill in the consolidation o his pouer, an his rule proved authoritarian, elitist, nepotistic, an corrupt. A Roman Catholic, Diem pursued policies that rankled an oppressed the Republic's Montagnard natives an its Buddhist majority. Amid releegious protests that garnered warldwide attention, Diem lost the backin o his US patrons an wis assassinatut bi Nguyễn Văn Nhung, the aide o ARVN General Dương Văn Minh on November 2, 1963, durin a coup d'état that deposed his govrenment. Upon learnin o Diem's ooster an daith, Democratic Republic o Vietnam Preses Ho Chi Minh is reportit tae hae said, "I can scarcely believe the Americans woud be so stupid."
Douglas-Hamilton

**Douglas-Hamilton** is the family surname o the Dukes o Hamilton an Earls o Selkirk. The name oreeginates frae the marriage o Anne Hamilton, 3rd Duchess o Hamilton tae William Douglas, 1st Earl o Selkirk in 1656. Anne wis Duchess in her awn richt an heid o the "Hoose o Hamilton". William wis a yunger son o the Marquess o Douglas.

Upon the daith o a cousin, the Duke o Douglas, in 1761 athoot heir, his subsidiary titles an the nominal seniority o the "Hoose o Douglas", wur devolved ontae the 7t Duke o Hamilton.

These titles are:
:Marquess o Douglas
:Yerl o Angus
:Laird Abernethy an Jedburgh Forest

The Airms o the Heid o the Hoose are:
:Quarterly; 1st an 4t grandquarters, coonterquartered (i) an (iv) Gules, three cinquefoils Ermine (for *Hamilton*), (ii) an (iii) Argent, a lymphad Sable, sails furled proper, flagged-Gules (for *The Isles (Arran)*); 2nt an 3rd grandquarters, Argent, a man's hert Gules ensigned wi an imperial croun proper, on a chief Azure three stars o the First (for *Douglas*).
Medina

**Medina** (; , **', “the radiant ceety” (offeecially), or  **'; transliteratit as **Madinah** an aa) is a ceety in the Hejaz region o wastren Saudi Arabie, an serves as the caipital o the Al Madinah Province. It is the seicont holiest ceety in Islam, an the burial place o the Islamic Prophet Muhammad an it is historically significant for being his hame efter the *[[hijra (Islam)|Hijrah]]*.

The significance o Medina stems frae the presence o the historically significant an auldest mosques in Islam, namely;  Al-Masjid al-Nabawi (*The Prophet's Mosque*), Quba Mosque (the first mosque in Islam's history), an Masjid al-Qiblatain (the mosque whaur the qibla wis switched tae Mecca).

The Islamic calendar is based on the emigration o Muhammad an his follaers tae the ceety o Medina, which marks the stairt o the Hijri year in 622 CE, cawed Hijra (هجرة).

Similarly tae Mecca, entrance tae Medina is restrictit tae Muslims anerlie; non-Muslims are neither permittit tae enter nor travel through the ceety. Muslims believe that the latter verses o the Quran wur revealed in Medina an its surroondin ootskirts, cried the medinan suras.

## References
Banner o Albanie

The naitional **banner o [[Albanie]]** (Albanian: *Flamuri i Shqipërisë*) is a reid banner wi a silhouette black twa-heidit eagle in the centre. It is the ae reid an black banner o a recognised sovereign state. It is claimed tae be derived frae the seemilar seal o Gjergj Kastriot Skanderbeg, a 15t century Albanian who led the revolt against the Ottoman Empire that resultit in brief unthirldom for some regions o Albanie frae 1443 tae 1478. The current banner wis offeecially adoptit on 7 Aprile 1992, but previous Albanian states sic as the Kinrick o Albanie an the post-war communist state haed uised muckle the same banner, wi the umwhile sportin the "Helmet o Skanderbeg" abuin the eagle an the latter a reid starn wi a yellae rim.

The Naitional Assembly o Vlora which proclaimed Albanian unthirldom on 28 November 1912 approved the banner as a seembol o the Albanian naition.

The horizontal open-winged eagle seembolises the lack o submission o the hieland Albanians tae foreign conquest. The communist regime addit a yellae five-pointit starn tae the banner, which wis removed bi the first Albanian pluralist parliament in 1992 efter the communist collapse.

Albanie's civil ensign an naval ensign, baith maritime banners are different frae the naitional banner.  The civil ensign consists o three horizontal baunds o reid, black, an reid.  The naval ensign is seemilar tae the naitional banner, except that the eagle is on a white field, an the lawer portion o the banner haes a reid stripe.

The presidential banner o the Republic o Kosova an proposals regardin the banner o Kosovo, which is ethnically lairgely Albanian are an aa based on the banner o Albanie.

The eagle o the banner o Albanie is depictit on the reverse o the Albanian 5 lekë coin, issued in 1995 an 2000.

## References
Isochrony

**Isochrony** is the idea that a leid rhythmically divides time intae equal portions. Three types o diveesions are postulatit:

# the temporal duration atween twa stressed seellables is equal (stress-timed);
# The duration o ivery seellable is equal (seellable-timed);
# the duration o ivery mora is equal (mora-timed).

The idea wis first expressed bi Ken Pike in 1945. While mony linguists find the idea o different rhythm types appealin, empirical studies hae no been able tae fynd acoustic correlates o the postulatit types, cawin intae quaisten the validity o thir types.

## References
Pavlo Lazarenko

**Pavlo Ivanovych Lazarenko** (, born on 23 Januar 1953) is a umwhile Ukrainian politeecian an umwhile Prime Meenister who, in August 2006, wis convictit an sentenced tae prison in the Unitit States for money launderin, wire fraud an extortion. Accordin tae the offeecial coont bi Unitit Naitions, approximately $200,000,000 haes been luitit bi Lazarenko durin 1996-1997 frae the government o Ukraine.

## References
Viktor Yanukovych

**Viktor Fedorovych Yanukovych** (Ukrainian: ) (born Julie 9, 1950) is a Ukrainian politeecian wh& wis the Preses o Ukraine frae 25 Februar 2010 tae 22 Februar 2014.

Yanukovych serd as the Governor o Donetsk Oblast frae 1997 tae 2002. Subsequently he wis Prime Meenister o Ukraine frae 21 November 2002 tae 31 December 2004, unner Preses Leonid Kuchma, an he wis an wansonsie candidate in the controversial 2004 presidential election, ultimately losin tae Viktor Yushchenko. Yanukovych continued tae lead his pairty,  the Pairty o Regions, efter the 2004 election, an he serd as Prime Meenister for a seicont time frae 4 August 2006 tae December 18, 2007 unner Preses Yushchenko. On 3 Mairch 2010, Yanukovych transferred the leadership o the pairty tae Mykola Azarov.

Efter mass protest in Ukraine in Februar 2014, Yanukovych wis forcit-oot o office on 22 Februar 2014.

## References
Target Australia

**Target Australia** is an Australian depairtment store wi ower 250 stores athort Australie. It is aucht Coles Myer. In the Unitit States a seemilar store unner the same name an a seemilar kenmerk, (see Target Corporation). Thay sell claes, cosmestics, playocks, electric an electronics guids.