Taiwan (kintra)

The **Republic o Cheenae** (**ROC**), commonly kent as **Taiwan**, is a kintra in East Asie locatit aff the east coast o mainlaund Cheenae. Subject tae an ongangin dispute wi the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae (FRC) that haes left it wi leemitit formal diplomatic relations, the govrenment o the Republic o Cheenae the noo govrens the islands o Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu an ither minor islands. Neeburin states include the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae tae the wast, Japan tae the northeast, an the Philippines tae the sooth.

The Republic o Cheenae wis formally established on 1 Januar 1912 follaein the revolution o Wuchang Uprisin on 10 October 1911. Frae its foondin an till 1949 it encompassed mainland Cheenae (includin Tibet an Ooter Mongolie). Central authority waxed an waned in repone tae warlordism (1915–28), Japanese invasion (1937–45), an the Cheenese Ceevil War (1927–49), wi central authority strangest durin the Nanjing Decade (1927–37) whan maist o Cheenae came unner the control o the Kuomintang (KMT). At the end o Warld War II in 1945, wi the surrender o Japan, the Republic o Cheenae teuk ower the island groups o Taiwan an Penghu frae the Japanese Empire.

The Communist takeower o continental Cheenae in the Cheenese Ceevil War in 1949 an later Hainan, Tachen an ither ootlyin islands in the 1950s left the rulin Kuomintang (KMT) wi control ower anerlie Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, an ither minor isles. The KMT declared Taipei the proveesional caipital an foondit the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae in Beijing, leadin tae twa rival govrenments claimin tae be the sole legitimate govrenment o Cheenae. Houiver, till the 1970s the ROC wis still recognised bi mony kintras an the Unitit Naitions as the sole legitimate govrenment o baith mainland Cheenae an Taiwan. The ROC haed been a foondin member o the Unitit Naitions an ane o the five permanent memmers o the Security Cooncil till 1971, when Cheenae's representative wis replaced bi the FRC via UN General Assembly Resolution 2758.

The FRC disna recognise the legitimacy o the ROC an claims Taiwan as a pairt o the FRC's territory, despite niver haein controllt it. It seeks tae "unify" Taiwan unner the formula o ane kintra, twa systems an reserves the authority tae uise military force (see Anti-Secession Law). The Republic o Cheenae rejects the PRC's claim an views itself as a sovereign state. This tension atween the twa states colours maist o the poleetical life in Taiwan, an ony attempt at declarin a Taiwanese republic in place o the Republic o Cheenae is met wi threats frae the FRC. The FRC govrenment refuses tae hae diplomatic relations wi kintras which recognise the Republic o Cheenae an opposes the ROC takin pairt in organisations whaur stateheid is required; sicweys, as o 2010, anerlie 23 sovereign states hae formal diplomatic relations wi the ROC, tho maist ithers retain unoffeecial exchynges wi the ROC (e.g. the American Institute in Taiwan) that are diplomatic aw but in name.

In Taiwan's poleetical condeetion, that is separate intae twa major concepts in cross-strait relations; the Pan-Blue Coalition (majority Kuomintang) supports the Ane Cheenae principle unner the terms o the 1992 consensus, unner the view that the ROC still regards itself as the sole legitimate govrenment o Cheenae. The opposition Pan-Green Coalition (majority Democratic Progressive Pairty or DPP) regairds Taiwan tae be an independent, sovereign state synonymous wi the ROC, opposes the notion that Taiwan is pairt o Cheenae, an seeks an eventual declaration o Taiwan unthirldom.

A single-pairty state unner the KMT syne 1928, the Republic o Cheenae evolved intae a multi-pairty democracy in the 1980s an 1990s. It haes a semi-presidential seestem an universal suffrage. The preses serves as the heid o state an commander-in-chief o the airmed forces. The Legislative Yuan is the ROC's unicameral legislature. The ROC is a member o the WTO an APEC. It is ane o the Fower Asien Tigers, an haes an industrialized advanced economy. The 26t-lairgest economy in the warld, its advanced technology industry plays a key role in the global economy. The ROC is ranked hicht in terms o freedom o the press, heal care, public eddication an economic freedom.


File:Subdivision types of the Republic of China (2014).svg|Territorial organization
File:Tower of Taipei 101(cropped).jpg|Taipei
File:中華民國之璽.svg|Seal


## Notes


## References

## Freemit airtins
### Owerviews an data
* Taiwan  entry at *[[The World Factbook]]*
* Taiwan flashpoint BBC News
* Taiwan kintra profile BBC News
* Background Note: Taiwan US Department o State
* Taiwan Travel Information and Travel Guide Lonely Planet
* Taiwan's 400 years of history New Taiwan, Ilha Formosa

### Govrenment agencies
* Office o the President
* Control Yuan
* Examination Yuan 
* Executive Yuan
* Government Information Office 
* Judicial Yuan
* Legislative Yuan
* Meenistry o Foreign Affairs 
* Naitional Assembly 
* Taipei Economic & Cultural Representative Office in the US