Hadera

**Hadera** (, **'; , **') is a ceety locatit in the Haifa Destrict o Israel approximately 45 kilometers (28.0&nbsp;mi) frae the major ceeties o Tel Aviv an Haifa. The ceety is locatit alang 45 kilometers (28.0&nbsp;mi) aff the Israeli Mediterranean Coastal Plain. In  it haed a population o , which includes a heich proportion o immigrants syne 1990, notably frae Ethiopie an the Soviet Union.

Hadera wis established in 1891 as a farmin colony bi members o the Zionist group, Hovevei Zion, frae Lithuanie an Latvie. Bi 1948, it wis a regional centre wi a population o 11,800. It wis declared a ceety in 1952. Wi an aurie o jurisdiction o 53,000 dunams.

Several projects are unner wey tae improve the quality o life in Hadera,  includin regeneratin the ceety center, constructin a hie-tech business pairk, an biggin the warld's lairgest desalination plant.

## History
### Early years
Hadera wis foondit in 1891, in the early days modren Zionism bi Eastren European immigrants frae Lithuanie an Latvie on land purchased bi Yehoshua Hankin, kent as the Redeemer o the Valley. The land wis purchased frae Christian effendi Selim Khuri. This wis the lairgest purchase o land in Palestine bi a Zionist group, awtho the land wis o law quality an maistly swampland. The anerlie indwallers prior tae the purchase wur a few families raisin watter buffaloes an sellin reeds. The toun mey derive its name frae the Arabic wird *khadra*, meanin "green" in reference tae the wild weeds which covered the mairshes on which the toun is biggit.

The first settlers lived in a hoose kent as the Khan near Hadera's main synagogue. Initially, Hadera wis a lonely ootpost o 10 families an 4 guards. In its early years, housomeivver, the toun haed issues wi land awnership haein drained the swamps wi the aid o Egyptian wirkers sent tae them bi Baron Edmond de Rothschild.

Auld tombstanes in the local cemetery reveal that oot o a population o 540, 210 dee'd o malaria.  Relations atween the residents o Hadera an Bedouins wur poor an guardin o the field wis designatit tae the HaShomer organisation. Bi the early twintiet century, the toun haed acome a regional economic center. Land disputes in the aurie went away till the 1930s, bi which time, the population haed grown tae 2,002 in 1931. Free schoolin wis introduced in the ceety in 1937 in aw schools apairt frae the Histadrut schuil.

### After 1948

Hadera's population began tae grow dramatically efter Israeli unthirldom in 1948 as immigrants flocked tae the kintra. Includit in the immigrants tae the ceety wur no anerlie Roushie an ither European immigrants but an aa 40 Yemenite families. In 1952, Hadera wis declared a ceety, an in 1953, Israel's first paper mill opened in the ceety. Sponsored bi investors frae athin Israel as well as frae the Unitit States, Brazil, an Australie, the mill wis designed tae meet aw o Israel's paper needs.  It wis an aa at this time that the Givat Olga neighborhuid wis constructit on the coast, an Beit Eliezer in the east o the ceety.

### Frae the 1990s
The ceety grew dramatically durin the 1990s as it absorbed lairge nummers o Roushie an Ethiopian immigrants. Hadera, considered a safe place bi its indwallers, wis joltit bi several acts o terrorism, includin a suicide bomber who blew hissel up at a falafel staund on October 26, 2005, killin five ceevilians. Housomeivver, syne the construction o the nearbi Wast Bank barrier, the frequency o sic incidents haes dropped drastically. On August 4, 2006, three rockets fired bi Hezbollah hit Hadera. Hadera is 50 mile (80&nbsp;km) sooth o the Lebanese border an merked the farthest pynt inside Israel hit bi Hezbollah.

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns — Sister ceeties
Hadera is twinned wi:
* Charlotte, North Carolina in the Unitit States *syne 2008*
* Haren, Groningen in the Netherlands
* Nuremberg in Germany *syne 1995*
* Saint Paul, Minnesota in the Unitit States *since 1981*
* Jacksonville, Florida in the Unitit States
* Big Spring, Texas in the Unitit States
* Rizhao in the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae

## References