Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk

**Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk** () is a ceety an the admeenistrative center o Sakhalin Oblast, Roushie. It wis formerly cried **Vladimirovka** () frae 1882 tae 1905, then ) frae 1905 tae 1946. Population: 

## History

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk began as a smaa Roushie dounset cried **Vladimirovka**, foondit bi convicts in 1882. The Treaty o Portsmouth in 1905, which broucht an end tae the Russo-Japanese War o 1904–1905, awairded the soothren hauf o the Sakhalin Island tae Japan. Vladimirovka wis renamed **Toyohara** (meanin "boontiful plain"), an wis the prefect caipital o Japanese Karafuto Prefectur.

Efter the end o Warld War II, the Japanese portion o Sakhalin island wis occupied bi Soviet troops. Awnership o the ceety transferred back tae the Soviet Union an it wis renamed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. Toun status wis grantit tae it in 1946.

## Admeenistrative an municipal status
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk is the admeenistrative center o the oblast. Within the framework o admeenistrative divisions, it is, thegither wi ten rural localities, incorporatit as the **[[ceety o federal subject signeeficance|ceety o oblast signeeficance]] o Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk**—an administrative unit wi the status equal tae that o the destricts. As a municipal diveesion, the ceety o oblast signeeficance o Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk is incorporatit as **Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Urban Okrug**.

## Economy an infrastructur

Due tae significant investment frae ile companies lik ExxonMobil an Shell, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk haes experienced substantial economic growthe. Awtho this growthe haes primarily occurred in the northren pairt o the island, baith companies maintain heidquarters an residential complexes in the ceety o Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk itself. The demand for naitural resoorces bi the Japanese, Cheenese, an Sooth Koreans haes ensured continued prosperity in the foreseeable futur for the entire island.

Thare haes been significant criticism, includin frae Presidential Envoy Kamil Iskhakov, that Sakhalin is nae carin for its ceetizens.  Despite sizable gas deposits an incomin investments frae gas companies, the regional admeenistration daes nae yet hae plans for the installation o gas services on the island.  The oblast an aa continues tae hae the heichest rate o juvenile crime in aw o Roushie, an mair nor 40% o its businesses are unprofitable.

Oot o very few remainin Japanese biggins in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, ane nou functions as the local museum.

### Transportation
The ceety is served bi the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Airport. The ceety is an aa the hub for the island's nairae gauge railwey network, the Sakhalin Railwey, biggit unner the Japanese admeenistration in the early 20t century.

## Eddication
Institutes o heicher eddication in the ceety include Sakhalin State Varsity an Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk institute o economics, law an informatics. An aa thare are some branches o ither heich schuils:
*Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk institute (branch) o Roushie State tred-economics varsity
*Branch o Far East State varsity o railways
*Branch o Modren Academy o the humanities
*Branch o The Paceefic State economics varsity
*Branch o Roushie economics academy named efter G.V. Plekhanov
*Branch o Far East law institute

## Geografie an climate
The ceety is locatit on the Susuya River. It is the lairgest ceety on the island, an the anly ane wi mair nor 100,000 indwallers. The straicht-line distance tae Moscow is .

Due tae restreections, foreigners within tae leave Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in order tae traivel tae ony ither pairt o the Sakhalin Oblast an its internal an territorial watters are required tae seek permission frae the Federal Security Service (FSB) an the Border Guard. Scuba divin an recreatin on the seacoast is permitted anly in places defined bi the Border Guard.

The climate is humid continental (Köppen *Dfb*) wi mild simmers an cauld winters. Maritime influences can be seen in that precipitation is much heicher than in interior Roushie an that simmers are distinctly cuiler than in Khabarovsk or Irkutsk, while winters are much milder. Simmers are frequently foggy, reducin the amoont o sunshine.





## Demographics
Maist residents are ethnic Roushies, but thare an aa exists a sizable population o Koreans. O the 43,000 Sakhalin Koreans, hauf are estimatit tae live in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, comprisin roughly 12% o the ceety's population. An aa smawer nummers o indeegenous minorities, sic as Ainu, Nivkhs, an Oroks can be foond.

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns an sister ceeties
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk is twinned wi:
* Asahikawa, Japan
* Hakodate, Japan
* Wakkanai, Japan
* Yanji, Cheenae
* Ansan, Sooth Korea

## Freemit airtins

*Unofficial website of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk  
*Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: City's History in Architecture 
*''The Sakhalin Independent'' , weekly Inglis-leid newspaper
*Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Blizzard Photos
*Steam and the Railways of Sakhalin

## References
### Notes

### Soorces
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