open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Roots (Sepultura album)

***Roots*** is the saxt studio album bi Brazilian metal baund Sepultura. It wis released on 12 Mairch 1997 bi Roadrunner Records, an wis the baund's last studio album tae feature foondin member an vocalist Max Cavalera. Follaein the experimentalism o the album *[[Chaos A.D.]]*, *Roots* haes mair influence frae Brazilian muisical rhythms, an features the percussionist Carlinhos Brown, vocalists Jonathan Davis an Mike Patton, an production bi Ross Robinson.

## Trackleet

## Chairt positions an awaird certifications
**Album** - Billboard (North Americae)

**Album** - Muisic recordin sales certifications

## Credits
;Sepultura
*Max Cavalera - Vocals, 4-string guitar, Berimbau
*Andreas Kisser - Lead guitar, Sitar, Backing Vocals
*Igor Cavalera - Drums, Percussion, Timbau, Djembe
*Paulo Jr. - Bass, Timbau Grandé

;Guests
*Mike Patton - Vocals on "Lookaway" and "Mine"
*David Silveria - Drums on "Ratamahatta"
*Carlinhos Brown - Vocals, Percussion, Berimbau, Timbau, Wood Drums, Lataria, Xequere, Surdos on "Ratamahatta"
*Jonathan Davis - Vocals on "Lookaway"
*DJ Lethal - Scratchin on "Lookaway"

;Recordin
*Recorded at Indigo Ranch, Malibu, California
*Produced bi Ross Robinson an Sepultura
*Ingineered bi Chuck Johnson
*Additional ingineerin bi Richard Kaplan
*Seicont ingineered bi Rob Agnello
*Mixed bi Andy Wallace at Soundtrack Studios, New York Ceety
*Mix engineered bi Steve Sisco
*Mastered bi George Marino at Sterling Soond, New York Ceety

## References
Nation (album)

***Nation*** is the aicht studio album bi Brazilian thrash metal baund Sepultura, released in 2001 through Roadrunner Records. *Nation* features guest appearances frae airtists such as Hatebreed sangster Jamey Jasta, Dead Kennedys sangster Jello Biafra, Ill Niño sangster Cristian Machado, Bile frontman Krztoff an Apocalyptica.

Accordin tae the offeecial site, a video for "One Man Army" wis scheduled tae be filmed at the end o August 2001. Houever, due tae a lack o support frae Roadrunner Records, the video wis niver made. Sepultura blamed Roadrunner Records for not promotin the album an left for SPV Records in 2002. 

## Track leetin

# "Sepulnation" - 4:20
# "Revolt" - 0:52
# "Border Wars" - 5:10
# "One Man Army" - 5:27
# "Vox Populi" - 3:41
# "The Ways Of Faith" - 4:53
# "Uma Cura" - 3:14
# "Who Must Die?" - 2:58
# "Saga" - 4:37
# "Tribe To A Nation" - 2:48
# "Politricks" - 4:14 (com Jello Biafra)
# "Human Cause" - 0:57
# "Reject" - 2:59
# "Water" - 2:44
# "Valtio" - 3:20
# "Bela Lugosi's Dead" (Bauhaus cover)*
# "Annihillation" (Crucifixion cover)*
# "Rise Above" (Black Flag cover)*
# "Revolt" (demo) - 3:48
# "Roots Bloody Roots" (live)*

'*' *Tracks 16-20 ar bonus tracks on digipak release.*

## Chart performance

## Credits

* Igor Cavalera - Drums
* Andreas Kisser - Lead Guitar, Backin vocals
* Derrick Green - Vocals, Rhythm Guitar
* Paulo Jr. - Bass
* Steve Evetts - Producer
* Sheppard Farey - Airtwork

## References
Roorback

***Roorback*** is the nint studio album bi Brazilian thrash metal baund Sepultura, released in 2003. It is their first release through SPV Records. The sangs "Mindwar" an "Bullet the Blue Sky" wur released as singles an muisic videos. 

The digipak version (released awhere except the USA) contains the *[[Revolusongs]]* EP an the video for "Bullet the Blue Sky". "Roorback" refers tae "black propaganda".

## Trackleet
#"Come Back Alive" – 3:07
#"Godless" – 4:22
#"Apes Of God" – 3:36
#"More Of The Same" - 3:59
#"Urge" - 3:17
#"Corrupted" - 2:33
#"As It Is" - 4:27
#"Mindwar" - 3:00
#"Leech" - 2:24
#"The Rift" - 2:56
#"Bottomed Out" - 4:36
#"Activist" - 1:53
#"Outro" - 11:37
#"Bullet The Blue Sky" (bonus track) - 4:31

## Credits
*Andreas Kisser - Lead an Rhythm Guitars
*Derrick Green - Vocals
*Igor Cavalera - Drums, Percussion
*Paulo Jr. - Bass
*João Barone - Guest Appearance
*Sepultura - Producer
*Steve Evetts - Producer, Ingineer, Mixin
*Derek Hess - Illustrations
*George Marino - Masterin
*Milky - Assistant Engineer
*Luciano Tarta - Assistant Ingineer
*Leo Shogun - Assistant Ingineer
*Fabiano Zowa - Executive ingineer
*Jacob Bannon - Graphic Design
Triumph

**Triumph** mey refer tae:

## Business
* Triumph (TWN), a defunct German motorcycle manufacturer
* Triumph Cycle Co. Ltd., a British bicycle brand
* Triumph Engineering Co Ltd, a defunct Breetish motorcycle manufacturer
* Triumph Group, an aerospace manufacturin an repair company
* Triumph International, a warldwide unnerwear manufacturer
* Triumph Motor Company, a British caur manufacturer 
* Triumph Motorcycles Ltd, a current Breetish motorcycle manufacturer 
* Norton Villiers Triumph, a defunct Breetish motorcycle manufacturer

## Entertainment
* Triumph (band), a Canadian hard rock baund
** ''Triumph'' (Triumph album), their 1976 eponymous first album
* ''Triumph'' (The Jacksons album)
* ''Triumph'' (Philip Bailey album)
* "Triumph" (song), a 1997 rap single bi the Wu-Tang Clan
* Triumph, the Insult Comic Dog, a character frae the television show *Late Night with Conan O'Brien*
* "Triumph" (''Rome''), an episode o the television series *Rome*
* Triumph (comics), a former Justice League member
* ''Triumph'' (novel), 1993 alternate history novel bi Ben Bova set at the end o Warld War II
* Triumph Studios, a computer game development company based in the Netherlands
* Triumph Films, a division o Sony Pictures Entertainment
* ''Triumph'' (1917 film), a 1917 film starrin Lon Chaney, Sr.
* ''Triumph'' (1924 film), a 1924 film directit bi Cecil B. DeMille
* *[[Triumph of the Will]]*, 1934 Nazi propaganda film

## Places in the Unitit States
* Triumph, Idaho
* Triumph, Illinois
* Triumph, Louisiana
* Triumph Tounship, Custer Coonty, Nebraska
* Triumph Tounship, Warren Coonty, Pennsylvania

## Ither uises
* Triumph (magazine), a defunct Catholic publication
* *[[Carnival Triumph]]*, a cruise ship
* Roman triumph, a celebration for a victorious military commander in ancient Rome
* a scuppernong (muckle muscadine *Vitis rotundifolia*) cultivar
* A trick-taking 15t century card game
* BC Triumph Lyubertsy, a Roushie basketbaw team
* , a ferry awned bi Seatruck Ferries

## See an aa
* Trionfo, a form o festivity in Renaissance Italy
* HMS Triumph, USS Triumph an USNS Triumph warships
Triumph Motor Company

The **Triumph Motor Company** wis an Inglis motor manufacturer.  The Triumph marque is currently awned bi BMW. The marque haed its origins in 1885 when Siegfried Bettmann (1863–1951) an Moritz (Maurice) Schulte frae Germany foondit Bettmann & Co an startit sellin Triumph bicycles frae premises in Lunnon  an frae 1889 startit makin thair awn machines in Coventry, Ingland.
Royal Enfield

**Royal Enfield** wis the name unner which the Enfield Cycle Company (a division o the Breetish airms-makin company Royal Small Arms Factory in Enfield Lock), made motorcycles, bicycles, lawnmowers an stationary ingines.  This legacy o wappens manufacture is reflectit in the logo, a cannon, an thair motto "Made like a gun, goes like a bullet". Uise o the brand name Royal Enfield wis licensed bi the Crown in 1890. The oreeginal Redditch, Worcestershire based company wis sauld tae E. & H. P. Smith in 1963 an then tae Norton-Triumph-Villiers (NVT). Production ceased in 1970 an the company wis dissolved in 1971.

In 1956 Enfield o Indie startit assemblin Bullet motorcycles unner licence frae UK components, an bi 1962 wur manufacturin complete bikes. Enfield o Indie bought the rights tae uise the Royal Enfield name in 1995. Royal Enfield production, based in Chennai, continues an Royal Enfield is nou the auldest motorcycle brand in the warld still in production wi the Bullet model enjoyin the langest motorcycle production run o aw time.
Volvo V50

Volvo Cars introduced the **Volvo V50** at the 2003 Bologna Motor Show as the station wagon version o the Volvo S40 small family car—manufacturing baith models at thair facility atGhent, inBelgium.

Sharing the Ford C1 platform wi the European Ford Focus an the Mazda 3, the V50 features interior "theatre" lighting, a floating centre stack an "Volvo Intelligent Vehicle Architecture". The V50 **T5 AWD** features four-wheel drive an a straight-5 2.5-litre petrol ingine wi a licht-pressure turbocharger, four valves per cylinder an a DOHC design wi variable camshaft timing—providin 220 PS (162&nbsp;kW; 217&nbsp;hp) an 320 N·m (236&nbsp;lb·ft) o torque.
Diesel options are available in Europe, includind a 2.4 Litre turbocharged D5 diesel Engine which provides 180 PS (132&nbsp;kW; 178&nbsp;hp) an 350 N·m (258&nbsp;lb·ft) o torque.
Within the United States, Volvo leemits sales tae the V50 PZEV caurs ten states whaur it is required, includin Californie, Florida, Vermont, Connecticut, Arizona, Maryland, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, New York, Oregon, Maine, New Jersey, Rhode Island, New Mexico an Washington.

Volvo Cars Special Vehicles produced a concept car based on the V50, the **V50 SV**, whose Engine produces 340&nbsp;hp (254&nbsp;kW), an debuted at the 2004 Specialty Equipment Market Association tred show in Las Vegas, Nevada.

## History

For the 2008 model year, the V50 received revised front styling, minor modifications tae the interior, optional active xenon headlights, audio seestems, increased power an torque o the T5 Engine, availability o the D5 wi a 6-speed manual an a 1.8 Flexifuel Engine.

For 2009, the V50 T5 is available in the US ae as an automatic AWD model wi the "R-Design" trim package, an in Europe wi baith manual an automatic options.

As o the 2010 model year, the D5 inline-5 diesel Engine is no langer available; ae the 1.6l an 2.0l diesel inline-4 units can be specified.

## See an aa
* Volvo S40
* Volvo P1 platform

## Notes

## References
* "The all-new Volvo V50" , a Volvo Cars North Americae news release
* "SEMA 2004: Hot-blooded Volvo V50 SV Concept Car Debuts at 2004 SEMA"
Kharkiv

**Kharkiv** (, ;) or **Kharkov** () is the seicont lairgest ceety in Ukraine.

Foondit in 1654, Kharkiv became the first ceety in Ukraine whaur the Soviet pouer wis proclaimed an Soviet government wis formed. Nou it is the admeenistrative centre o the Kharkiv oblast (province), as well as the admeenistrative centre o the surroondin Kharkivskyi Raion (destrict) athin the oblast. The ceety is locatit in the northeast o the kintra. As o 2006, its population is 1,461,300.

Kharkiv is a major cultural, scienteefic, educational, transport an industrial centre o Ukraine, wi 60 scienteefic Institutes, 30 establishments o heicer eddication, 6  museums, 7 theatres an 80 libraries. Its industry specializes maistly in machinery. Thare are hunders o industrial companies in the ceety. Amang them are warld famous giants lik the Morozov Design Bureau an the Malyshev Tank Factory, leaders in tank production syne the 1930s; Khartron (aerospace an nuclear electronics); an the Turboatom turbines producer.

Thare is an unnergrund rapid-transit seestem (metro) wi aboot 38.1&nbsp;km (24&nbsp;mi) o track an 29&nbsp;stations. A well-kent laundmerk o Kharkiv is the Freedom Square (*Maidan Svobody* umwhile kent as *Dzerzhinsky Square*), which is currently the saxt lairgest ceety square in Europe, an the 12t lairgest square in the warld.

## Internaitional relations
### Twin touns - Sister ceeties
Kharkiv is currently twinned wi:

## References
Royal Enfield Thunderbird

The **Royal Enfield Thunderbird** is a cruiser style motorcycle produced bi Royal Enfield Motors in Indie. It wis introduced in 2000 wi an AVL lean burn ingine an 5 speed gearbox. It accoontit for ower 45 per cent o aw domestic sales for Royal Enfield. It haes niver been exportit an remains as a Indian market ae model tae this day. A 500cc prototype wis an aa creatit an testit, but it niver saw mass production.

In 2009, the AVL semi-unit ingine wis replaced wi the new 350cc unit construction ingine (UCE). The bike wis renamed **Thuderbird Twinspark** owin tae the twin sparkplugs in the UCE ingine. Thunderbird is the first bike tae debut the 350cc UCE ingine. The cycle parts hae seen ae minimal changes frae the original Thunderbird. The final drive chain is moved tae the right side an it is the maist obvious change frae the auld model apart frae the new ingine itself.

## References
*http://www.iloveindia.com/bikes/royal-enfield/thunderbird.html
Ford Model C

The **Ford Model C** wis introduced in 1904 an wis a version o the first Ford Model A wi mair modren leuk, slichtly mair pouerful ingine an 15&nbsp;cm (6&nbsp;inches) langer wheelbase. It wis the entry-level caur in the Ford model lineup, slottin belaw the upscale Model B. Production endit in 1905 wi 800 caurs made. The Model C wis replaced bi the derivative Model F in 1905.

Baith Models A an C wur produced at the same time, but the Model A coud an aa be bought wi a Model C ingine, an option cried Ford Model AC. The Model C ingine is a flat-2 givin 8&nbsp;hp (6&nbsp;kW) at first an 10&nbsp;hp (7&nbsp;kW) bi 1905. The Model C wis sauld for $850, wi the option o makin it a fower-seater for an extra $100. The tap cost extra, rubber for $30 an leather for $50.

Awtho the Model C haed a protrudin front "box" lik a modren caur, unlik the flat-front Model A, this wis purely ornamental &mdash; the ingine remained unner the seat.

The Model C wis the first vehicle tae be biggit at Ford Motor Company of Canada.
Ford Model F

The **Ford Model F** is an automobile producit bi the Ford Motor Company. It wis a development o the Model A an Model C, but wis lairger, mair modren, an mair luxurious. It wis a fower-seater phaeton wi runnin boards an a side-entrance tonneau standard. Production startit in 1905 an endit in 1906 efter aboot 1000 wur made. In 1905, it wis priced at $2,000; bi contrast, the Colt Runabout wis US$1500, the FAL wis US$1750, the Cole 30 US$1500, the Enger 40 US$2000, an the Lozier Licht Sax Metropolian US$3,250.

## Notes

## References
* Clymer, Floyd. *Treasury of Early American Automobiles, 1877-1925*. New York: Bonanza Beuks, 1950.
* 
*
Pontiac GTO

The **Pontiac GTO** is an automobile built bi Pontiac Division o General Motors in the Unitit States frae 1964 tae 1974, an bi GM subsidiary Holden in Australie frae 2004 tae 2006. It is considered an innovative, an nou classic  muscle caur o the 1960s an 1970s. Frae 1964 till midway through 1973 it wis closely relatit tae the Pontiac Tempest/LeMans an for the 1974 model year it wis based on the Pontiac Ventura. The 21st century GTO is essentially a left-hand drive Holden Monaro, itself a coupe variant o the Holden Commodore.
Standard Vanguard

The **Standard Vanguard** is a caur which wis produced bi the Standard Motor Company in Coventry frae 1947 tae 1963.

The caur wis annoonced in Julie 1947 an wis completely new wi nae resemblance tae the previous models an wis Standard's first post Warld War II caur. It wis an aa the first model tae carry the new Standard badge which wis a heavily-stylised representation o the wings o a Griffin.

In the wake o the Seicont Warld War mony potential customers baith in the UK an in Inglis-speakin export markets haed recently experienced several years o military or naval service, so a caur name relatit tae the Breetish Navy carried a greater resonance than it woud for later generations.  The name o the Standard Vanguard recawed HMS Vanguard, the last o the Breetish Navy's battleships, launched in 1944 amid muckle media attention: permission tae uise the name involved Standard in extensive negotiations wi senior Royal Navy personnel.

The stylin o the caur resembled the pre-war Plymouth wi a slopin "beetle-back". Roushie media claimed that stylin o this caur haed been in part influenced bi Roushie GAZ-M20 Pobeda, which haed been in development frae 1943 an went intae production in 1946. In 1952 ''The Motor'' magazine statit that the Soviet Pobeda "shows a certain exterior resemblance tae the Standard Vanguard", disregarding the fact that the Pobeda haed been launched a year afore the Vanguard.

The same wet liner ingine wis uised throughout the range till the advent o the Six model in 1960 an wis an owerheid valve
unit o 85&nbsp;mm (3.3&nbsp;in) bore an 92&nbsp;mm (3.6&nbsp;in) stroke wi single Solex downdraught carburettor. The compression ratio wis 6.7:1 on early ingines increasin tae 7.0:1 on the Phase III an 8.0:1 on the Sportsman. Wet cylinder liners wur fittit. The ingine wis very similar tae the anes made bi Standard for the Ferguson tractor that they wur makin in lairge numbers.

The transmission at first wis bi a three speed gearbox wi synchromesh on aw forrit ratios.

In Scandinavie Standard marketit the Standard Ten saloon as the Vanguard Junior.
Sepang

**Sepang** is a toun an destrict locatit in the soothren part o the state o Selangor in Malaysie.  Umwhilie a sma toun, Sepang grew tae several recent developments. Sepang destrict is aiblins best kent for hostin the Sepang Internaitional Circuit an as the site o the Kuala Lumpur Internaitional Airport, which serves Kuala Lumpur.

Bagan Lalang in Sepang destrict is the location o anither development which will develop an eco-friendly tourist destination bi Sepang Goldcoast.

The Sepang F1 Internaitional Circuit is the hame o the Malaysian Grand Prix which is the Malaysian leg o the Formula Ane race an the Malaysian Motorcycle Grand Prix.

The destrict o Sepang is famous for the tounship o Cyberjaya an aw, which is forby kent as the Silicon Valley o Malaysie vis-à-vis its association wi the MSC Malaysie. Currently, ower 250 multinaitional companies ar locatit in Cyberjaya. The caipital o Sepang destrict is Salak Tinggi, which took ower frae Sepang toun.

## Geography

Sepang destrict is situatit in the southren part o Selangor. It shares its border wi Kuala Langat tae the wast, Petaling tae the north, Hulu Langat tae the northeast an the state o Negeri Sembilan tae the east. Sepang completely surroonds Putrajaya which is a Federal Territory an aw.

## Federal Parliament an State Assembly Seats


Leet o Sepang destrict representatives in the Federal Parliament (Dewan Rakyat)



Leet o Sepang destrict representatives in the State Legislative Assembly (Dewan Undangan Negeri)


## Economy
AirAsia, a Malaysian passenger airline, an MASkargo, a cargo airline, ar headquartered in Sepang.

Rumor haes it that members o Sepang ar hichtlie interestit in BMWs o the ///M variant an aw, an as a result BMW haes named ane o their colors efter Sepang.

## Mega projects

## References

## External links

* 
* Sepang F1 Circuit Offeecial Website 
* Sepang Toun Council website 
* Kuala Lumpur Internaitional Airport
* KLIA Express Rail Link
*
Pristina

**Pristina**, spelt **Prishtina** or **Priština** an aw  ( or *Prishtina*, Serbian: Приштина, *Priština*; ) is the caipital an maistmuckle city o Kosovo. It is the administrative centre o the homonymous municipality an destrict.

It is estimatit that the current population o the city stauns atween 500,000 an 600,000. The feck o the population are Albanian, alangside ither smawer communities includin Turks, Bosniaks, Roma an ithers. It is the administrative, educational, an cultural centre o Kosovo. The city is hame tae the University o Pristina an is servit bi the Pristina Internaitional Airport.

## Name
The name o the city is derived frae a Slavic form **Prišьčь*, a possessive adjective frae the personal name **Prišьkъ*, (preservit in the Kajkavian surname *Prišek*, in the Auld Pols personal name *Przyszek*, an in the Pols surname *Przyszek*) an the derivational suffix *-ina* 'belongin tae X an his kin'. The name is maist likely a patronymic o the personal name **Prišь*, preservit as a surname in Pols *Przysz* an Serbie *Priš*, a hypochoristic o the Slavic personal name *Pribyslavъ*. A false etymology connects the name Priština wi Serbo-Croatian *prišt* (пришт), meanin 'ulcer' or 'tumour', referrin tae its 'boilin'. Houaniver, this explanation canna be richt, as Slavic place names endin in *-ina* correspondin tae an adjective an/or name o an inhabitant lackin this suffix are biggit frae personal names or denote a person an niver derive, unner these conditions, frae common nouns (S<small>NOJ</small> 2007: *loc. cit.*). The inhabitants o this city caw thaimsels *Prishtinali* in local Gheg Albanian or *Prištevci* (Приштевци) in the local Serbie byleid.

## Geographie
Pristina is locatit at the geographical coordinates 42° 40' 0" North an 21° 10' 0" East an covers . It lies in the north-eastren pairt o Kosovo close tae the Goljak muntains. Frae Pristina thare is a guid view o the Šar Mountains that lie mony kilometre awa in the sooth o Kosovo. Pristina is locatit beside twa muckle touns o Obilić an Kosovo Polje. In fact Pristina haes grown so muckle these past yeirs that it haes connectit wi Kosovo Polje. Loch Badovac is juist a few kilometre tae the sooth o the city.

Thare is nae burn passin throu the city o Pristina nou but thare wis ane that passed throu the centre. The burn flows throu unnergrund tunnels an is lat oot intae the surface whan it passes the city. The reason fur coverin the burn wis acause the burn passed bi the local mercat an awbody dumped their waste thare. This resultit in a foul smell an the burn haed tae be covered.

The burn nou flows throu Pristina's suburbs in the north an in the sooth.

## Internaitional relations
### Twin touns — Sister ceeties

Pristina is twinned wi:
* Ankara, Turkey.
* Bursa, Turkey.
* Durrës, Albanie.
* Tirana, Albanie.
* Karachi, Pakistan.

## Notes

## References
Mandarin Cheenese

**Mandarin** (), is a category o relatit Cheenese dialects spaken athort maist o northren an sooth-wastren Cheenae. Acause Mandarin mainly includes the northren dialects, the term "northren dialect(s)" () is an aa referred tae Mandarin Cheenese informally. When the Mandarin group is taken as ane leid, as is aften done in academic literature, the Mandarin leid haes mair native speakers than ony ither leid. The "standard" in Standard Mandarin refers tae the offeecial standardized leid o Cheenae based on the Beijing dialect.

In Inglis, *Mandarin* can refer tae aither o twa distinct concepts:
*In aaday uise "Mandarin" refers tae Standard Cheenese or Staundart Mandarin (*Pǔtōnghuà / Guóyǔ / Huáyǔ*), which is based on the parteecular Mandarin dialect spoken in Beijing. Staundart Mandarin functions as the offeecial spaken leid o the Forkrepublic o Cheenae (PRC), the offeecial leid o the Republic o Cheenae (ROC/Taiwan), an ane o the fower offeecial leids o Singapore. "Chinese"—in practice Staundart Mandarin—is ane o the sax offeecial leids o the Unitit Nations.
*In its broader sense, Mandarin is a diverse group o Mandarin dialects spoken in northren an soothwastren Cheenae (*Guānhuà / Běifānghuà*).

The uise o *Mandarin* as indicatin a groupin o northren Cheenese dialects is defined an uised mainly bi linguists, an is no commonly uised ootside o academic circles. Instead, Cheenese native speakers o forms o Mandarin ither than Staundart Mandarin teepically dae no describe the leid thay speak as "Mandarin", but rather are maist likely tae simply state the name o the geographic variant that thay speak, for ensaumple Sichuan dialect, Hebei dialect  or Northeastren dialect, considered distinct frae the "Standard Mandarin" (*Putonghua*). Native speakers who are no academic linguists mey no recognise that the variants thay speak are clessifee'd in linguistics as members o *Mandarin* (or sae-cried "Northren Dialects") in a broader sense. Athin Cheenese social or cultural discourse, thare is no a common "Mandarin" identity based on leid; rather, thare ar strang regional identities centred on individual dialects, acause o the wide geographical distribution an cultural diversity o speakers.

As wi aw ither varieties o the Cheenese leid, thare is significant dispute as tae whether Mandarin is a leid or a dialect. See Varieties o Cheenese for mair on this issue.

zh-yue:國語
Banner o Namibie

The **banner o [[Namibie]]** wis adoptit on Mairch 21, 1990 upon unthirldom frae Sooth Africae.

The main colors war takken frae the banner o the Sooth Wast Africae Fowk's Organisation (SWAPO), the maist important liberation muivement in Namibie. That banner wis adoptit in 1971 an comprises diagonal stripes o blue-reid-green, the maist important colours o the Ovambos, the lairgest ethnic group in the kintra. The banner an aa represents the Democratic Turnhalle Alliance, anither Namibian politeecal pairty. The gowd sun, that is seemilar tae the naitional emblem o the Republic o Cheenae, represents life an energy.

Alternatively, the chairman o the subcommatee that chose the banner efter a competeetion whaur 850 designs war submittit, declared that:
*Reid − represents Namibie's maist important resoorce, its fowk. It refers tae thair heroism an thair determination tae big a futur o equal opportunity for aw;
* White − refers tae peace an unity
* Green − symbolises vegetation an agricultural resoorces
* Blue − represents the clear Namibian sky an the Atlantic Ocean, the kintra's precious watter resoorces an rain;

Reid, white, an blue war the colours o the Democratic Turnhalle Alliance, an blue, reid, an green, the colours o SWAPO.

## Historical banners

File:Flag of the German Empire.svg|Banner o German Sooth-Wast Africae frae 24 Aprile 1884 tae 9 Julie 1915.
File:Flaggenentwurf 7 Südwestafrika 1914.svg|Proposed banner o German Sooth-Wast Africae (niver uised).
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|Banner o Sooth Wast Africae atween Julie 9, 1915 - Juin 28, 1919.
File:Flag of South Africa (1912-1928).png|Banner o Sooth Wast Africae frae Juin 28, 1919 tae Mey 31, 1928.
File:Flag of South Africa (1928-1994).svg|Banner o Sooth Wast Africae atween Mey 31, 1928 - Mairch 21, 1990.


## References

## External links
*
*World Statesmen - Namibia
Abu'l Abbas Ahmad II o Morocco

**Sultan 'Abul Abbas Mulay Ahmad ud-Dhahabi bin Ismail as-Samin** wis the Sultan o Morocco 1727-1728 an 1728-1729 .

He wis born at Meknes in 1677, as a son o Ismail Ibn Sharif .
Atween 1699-1700 he wis the Khalifa o Tadla. He ascendit the throne on 22 Mairch 1727, efter his faithers daith.

He wis deposed in 1728 by Abdalmalik o Morocco, yet he wis restored briefly efterwards at Oued Beht. He wis deposed ance mair, on the day o his daith on 5 Mairch 1729 at Meknes. He wis succeeded by his half-brither Abdallah o Morocco .
Abdalmalik o Morocco

**Abdalmalik** wis Sultan o Morocco in 1728, an member o the Alaouite Dynasty.

## Reign
Son o the great Mawlay Ismail, Abdalmalik wis earmarked as his faither's successor till he fell frae favour an wis replaced as heir bi his half-brither Ahmed ed Dehebi in 1727.  Ahmed ed Dehebi proved quite ineffective as a ruler, an when it became public that he wis a drunkard, he wis owerthroun in a coup instigatit bi his awn wives.  Abdalmalik wis proclaimed Sultan, but failed tae prevent his brither's escape an made the mistake o criticisin the fiercely loyal *bukhari* (the imperial black bodyguards).  The bodyguard then threw their support behind the ousted Ahmed ed Dehebi, thus throwin Morocco intae yet anither civil war.

A compromise wis reached atween the brithers efter bloody fechtin, splittin Morocco intae twa kinricks.  Ahmed ed Dehebi wis tae hae Meknes for his caipital while Abdalmalik wis tae rule frae Fez.  No content wi this however, Abdalmalik arranged a face-tae-face meetin wi his brither wi the intention o assassinatin him.

The attempt failed an Abdalmalik wis sent off unner guard tae a remote prison, where several weeks later he wis assassinatit.
Puebla, Puebla

The ceety an municipality o **Puebla** () is the caipital o the state o Puebla, an ane o the five maist important colonial ceeties in Mexico. It is locatit tae the east o Mexico Ceety an wast o the port o Veracruz, on the main route atween the twa. The ceety wis foondit in 1531 in an aurie cawed Cuetlaxcoapan which means “where serpents change their skin.” This valley wis no populatit in the 16t century as in the pre-Hispanic period, this aurie wis primarily uised tae the “Flouer Wars” atween a number o populations. Due tae its history an airchitectural styles rangin frae Renaissance tae Mexican Baroque, the ceety wis named a Warld Heritage Steid in 1987.  The ceety is an aa famous for mole poblano, chiles en nogada an Talavera pottery. Housomeivver, maist o its economy is based on industry.

## Twin touns - sister ceeties
Puebla is twinned wi:
*  Asuncion in Paraguay
*  Cancun in Mexico
*  Łódź in Poland *(since 1997)*
*  Oklahoma Ceety in Unitit States
*  Pueblo in Unitit States
*  Rhodes in Greece
*  Talavera de la Reina in Spain
*  Wolfsburg in Germany
*  Xalapa in Mexico
*  Fez in Morocco

## References
Fes

**Fes** or **Fez** (, ) is the seicont lairgest ceety o Morocco&nbsp;—efter Casablanca, wi a population o juist ower ane million. It's the caipital o the Fès-Boulemane region.

Fes, the umwhile caipital, is ane o the kintra's fower "imperial ceeties," the ithers bein Rabat, Marrakech an Meknes. It comprises three distinct pairts, Fes el Bali (the auld, wawed ceety), Fes-Jdid (new Fes, hame o the Mellah) an the Ville Nouvelle (the French-creatit, newest section o Fes).

Fes el Bali is a UNESCO Warld Heritage Steid. Its medina, the lairger o the twa medinas o Fes, is believed tae be the warld's lairgest contiguous caur-free urban aurie. The University o Al-Karaouine, foondit in AD 859, is the auldest continuously functionin varsity in the warld.

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns&nbsp;— Sister ceeties
Fes is twinned wi:
* Montpellier, Fraunce, syne 1961
* Strasbourg, Fraunce, syne 1961
* Florence, Italy, syne 1961)*</small>
* [[Kairouan]], [[Tunisie]], syne 1965
* [[Saunt-Louis, Senegal|Saunt Louis]], [[Senegal]], syne 1979
* [[East Jerusalem]], [[Palestine]], syne 1982
* [[Coimbra]], Portugal
* [[Bobo-Dioulasso|Bobo Dioulasso]], [[Burkina Faso]], syne 2003
* [[Lahore]], [[Pakistan]]
* [[Suwon]], [[Republic o Korea|Sooth Korea]], syne 2003
* [[İzmir]], [[Turkey]], syne 1995
* [[Puebla (ceety)|Puebla]], [[Mexico]]

=== Partnerships ===

*  [[Kraków]] in [[Poland]] <small>*(syne 1985)''

## References
Nueva Alborada

**Nueva Alborada** is a toun in the Itapúa department o Paraguay. It wis foondit on 30 August 1961 bi German colonists unner the name **Colonia Alborada**.

## Sources
*World Gazeteer: Paraguay &ndash; World-Gazetteer.com
Dogana

**Dogana** is a toun in the north-eastren corner o San Marino in the Serravalle municipality (*castle*). The toun is the maist populatit settlement in the republic. 

## Geography
The toun is situatit at the northrenmaist point o San Marino efter Falciano, close tae the borders wi Italy (at Cerasolo, a civil parrish o Coriano, in the province o Rimini). 
 
## History
It haes a population o roughly 7,000. Due tae its size, in 2006 it haes asked tae split away frae Serravalle an become its awn *castello*, but in 2007 the proposal wis refused. A partial autonomy is representit in that Dogana haes its awn postal code (47891), while the rest o Serravalle is 47899.

## Economy
Dogana is the main entry point for travellers arrivin intae San Marino frae Italy (bi freeway no. 72 frae Rimini). Although *Dogana* means *[[Custom House|customs house]]* in Italian, there are nae border formalities onywhere on the border atween Italy an San Marino, so the motorists may stop in Dogana ae tae shop at ane o its shoppin malls.

## Sport
The local fitbaa team is the Juvenes.

## See an aa
*Stadio Olimpico (San Marino)
*Serravalle
*Cà Ragni
*Cinque Vie
*Falciano
*Lesignano
*Ponte Mellini
*Rovereta
*Valgiurata

## Fremmit airtins
Falciano

**Falciano** is a village in northeastren San Marino. It belangs tae the castle o Serravalle an is its seicont civil parrish in order o population efter Dogana.

## History
On the reverse o the muckle fraction o the castle, Customs, Falciano is a liargely rural aurie. . Awready bi 1400, muckle tracts o land wur convertit for the cultivation o olive trees, vineyards an later an aa cereals (tae be a muckle vineyard at Le Bosche).

The parish kirk, restored in recent years alang wi the bell touer, erectit in 1957, is dedicatit tae St. Peter. The feast o the parish remember the Oor Lady o Sorrows an falls on the third Sunday o September .

Curacy in the establishment o the Bioscience Institute SpA, which uises stem cells.

## Geography
The village is located close tae Dogana an tae the borders wi Italy.

## Sport
The local fitbaa team is the Folgore.

## See an aa
*Serravalle
*Cà Ragni
*Cinque Vie
*Dogana
*Lesignano
*Ponte Mellini
*Rovereta
*Valgiurata
S.S. Folgore/Falciano

**S.S. Folgore Falciano Calcio** is a Sanmarinese fitbaw club, based in Falciano, ceevil parrish o Serravalle. The club wis foondit in 1972. Folgore currently plays in *Girone B* o Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio. The team's colors are reid, yellae an black.

## Honours
***[[Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio]]: 3**
:: 1997, 1998, 2000
***[[San Marino Federal Trophy]]: 2**
:: 1997, 2000

## UEFA club competeetion record

## References
Tangier

**Tangier** or **Tangiers** (Amazigh: **Tanja**, archaic Berber name: **Tinji**, Arabic: **طنجة**) is a ceety o northren Morocco wi a population o aboot 700,000 (2008 census). It lies on the North African coast at the wastren entrance tae the Strait o Gibraltar where the Mediterranean meets the Atlantic Ocean off Cape Spartel. It is the caipital o the Tangier-Tétouan Region an o the Tangier-Assilah Prefecture athin that Region..

The history o Tangier is vera rich due tae the historical presence o mony ceevilizations an culturs startin frae the 5t century BC. Atween the period o being a Phoenician toun tae the unthirldom era aroond the 1950s, Tangier wis a place —an, sometimes a refuge— for mony cultural diversities. Housomeivver, it wis no till 1923 that Tangier wis attributit an internaitional status bi foreign colonial pouers, thus becomin a destination for mony Europeans an non-Europeans such as Americans an Indians alike.

Nouadays, the ceety is unnergoin rapid development an modrenization. Projects include new 5-starn hotels alang the bay, a modren business destrict cawed Tangier Ceety Center, a new airport terminal an a new soccer stadium. Tangier's economy will an aa benefit greatly frae the new Tanger-med port.

## Sister ceeties
* Faro, Portugal (since 1954)
* Cádiz, Spain
* Liège, Belgium (since 2006)
* Metz, Fraunce
* Moulins, Fraunce
* Dubai, Unitit Arab Emirates
* Pasadena, Californie,  Unitit State o Americae
Wenquan

**Wenquan** (, i.e. "Warm Springs") is a city in the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae. It wis foondit in 1955 on the Qinghai-Tibet road north o the Tangla muntain range. Accordin tae The Guinness Beuk o Warld Records, Wenquan haed the heichest elevation o ony city - 16,730 feet/5,019 metre abuin sea level., but National Geographic Magazine (May 2003) gies that title tae the muckler city o La Rinconada, Peru that lies at 5,100 metre ower sea level.

## See an aa
* Leet o hichtest touns bi kintra
* La Rinconada, Peru

## References
Murata (San Marino)

**Murata** is a village in the middle o San Marino. It belangs tae the municipality o San Marino.

## Geography
The village is situated on the hills atween the Ceety o San Marino an Fiorentino. It haes got a borough named ***Fonte dell'Ovo***, seat o the sport plants o Murata.

## Sport
The local fitbaa team is the Murata.

## See an aa
*San Marino (ceety)
*Cà Berlone
*Canepa
*Casole
*Castellaro
*Montalbo
*Santa Mustiola
A.C. Juvenes/Dogana

**A.C. Juvenes/Dogana** is a Sanmarinese fitbaw club, based in Dogana, ceevil pairish o Serravalle. The club wis foondit in 2000 efter the merger o **S.S. Juvenes** (named efter a historical side in San Marino) an **G.S. Dogana**. Till saison 2006/07 Juvenes/Dogana wis the anerlie team tae play in baith Sanmarinese an Italian leagues, takin pairt in the *Girone A* o Campionato Sammarinese an in the Italian amateur levels, but it haes syne retired frae the Italian leagues. The team's colours are licht blue, reid an white.

## Honours

***[[Coppa Titano]]: 8**
::**S.S. Juvenes**: 1965, 1968, 1976, 1978, 1984
::**G.S. Dogana**: 1977, 1979
::**A.C. Juvenes/Dogana**: 2009

## References
Fiorina

**Fiorina** is a village locatit in San Marino. It belangs tae the municipality (*[[Municipalities o San Marino|castello]]*) o Domagnano an it is its maist populatit parish (*[[curazia]]*).

## Geography
The village is situatit in the north o Domagnano, close tae the municipality o Serravalle.

## See an aa
*Domagnano
*Cà Giannino
*Piandivello
*Spaccio Giannoni
*Torraccia
Corianino

**Corianino** is a sma village in eastren San Marino. It belangs tae the castle o Faetano.

## Geography
Corianino is locatit in the middle o its castle, on the road atween Faetano an Borgo Maggiore.

## See an aa
*Faetano
*Cà Chiavello
*Calligaria
*Monte Pulito
Confine

**Confine** is a village locatit in San Marino. It belongs to the municipality (*[[Municipalities o San Marino|castello]]*) o Chiesanuova. Its name, in Italian leid, means "mairch".

## Geography
The village is situatit in the sooth-westren side of its castle, close to the mairches wi Italy and the municipality o San Leo.

## See an aa
*Chiesanuova
*Caladino
*Galavotto
*Molarini
*Poggio Casalino
*Poggio Chiesanuova
*Teglio
Cailungo

**Cailungo** is a village in central San Marino. It belangs to the castle o Borgo Maggiore.

## Geography
The village is locatit at the north o its castle seat, an its main road is *via Ca' dei Lunghi*. It is dividit in Cailungo di Sopra an Cailungo di Sotto.

## Infrastructures
Cailungo is the seat o the Sanmarinese State Hospital (*Ospedale di Stato di San Marino*) an the State Agency for Public Services o San Marino (*Azienda Autonoma di Stato per i Servizi Pubblici*).

## Sport
The local fitbaa team is the Cailungo.

## See an aa
*Borgo Maggiore
*Cà Melone
*Cà Rigo
*San Giovanni sotto le Penne
*Valdragone
*Ventoso
Ceelberdaale

**Ceelberdaale** is a toun in gabiley, a region in the northwastren Somaliland. Inhabitit bi Isaaq Habar Awal

**Ceelbardaale** Famous for its farmin, an important agricultural toun in that part o the kintra. 
Ceelberdaale's residents pride themselves on their fruit an vegetables. The **Ceelbardaale** community haes done wha nae ither community iver dae in the whole Somali peninsula, let alane Somaliland 
They did a collective cooperative farmin tae be self-sufficient, an further supply the lairger community. They built hames an dispensers collectively, which ye mey no find in ony ither rural communities in the nation onywhere, athoot government help.
The region is suitable for herders an nomads. The local fowk who ar residin in this aur are mainly frae gabiley district.

Politics 
SNM
Instead o emulatin the guid farming community set bi “Ceelbardaale” inhabitants, the neigbourin community started creatin claims that aw the land, fruits, vegetables an grains belang tae them, Itherwise they woudna claim a barren uncultivatit piece o wasteland there. 
Incollaboration Dila militia destroyed the work o years an years carelesslie an cruellie, at a time the “Ceelbardale” community wis experiencin an ethnic cleansin an driven oot o their farms an hames bi Siad Barre’s genocidal regime! 

When at last the community came back an defeatit Siad Barre, they startit rebuildin homes, schools an recultivatin burned lands, the unresolved inferno torn the community again.
A calculatit an continuous Dahir Riyale Kahin driven Dila militia ambushes an attacks. Ceelbardaale community wis denied tae farm an feed their children o their an tae live in peace in Ceelbardaale.
Despite the hardships Ceelbardaale descendants endure they niver gazed mair optimistic at their future somaliland, sangin a popular sang   
Song at Somaliland presidential election, 2010.
Offeecial names o Sooth Africae

There are eleiven **offeecial names o [[Sooth Africae]]**, ane in each o its eleiven offeecial leids.  The number is surpassed ae bi Indie. These leids include Inglis, Afrikaans, the Nguni leids Zulu, Xhosa, , an Swazi, as well as the Sotho leids, which include Tswana, Sotho an Sotho sa Leboa. The remainin twa leids are Venda an Tsonga.

There are smawer but still significant groups o speakers o Khoi-San leids which are no offeecial leids, but are ane o the aicht un-officially recognised leids. There are even smawer groups o speakers o endangered leids, mony o whilk are frae the Khoi-San faimily, but receive nae offeecial status; housomeivver, some groups athin Sooth Africae are attemptin tae promote their uiss an revival. As a result, there are mony offeecial names for the kintra. These are (in order o speaker populations):

***iRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika** (Zulu)
***iRiphabliki yomZantsi Afrika** (Xhosa)
***Republiek van Suid-Afrika**  (Afrikaans)
***Repabliki ya Afrika-Borwa** (Northern Sotho)
***Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa** (Tswana)
***Republic of South Africa** (Inglis)
***Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa** (Sotho)
***Riphabliki ra Afrika Dzonga** (Tsonga)
***iRiphabhulikhi yeNingizimu Afrika** (Swazi)
***Riphabuḽiki ya Afurika Tshipembe** (Venda)
***IRiphabliki yeSewula Afrika** (Soothren Ndebele)

## Soorces
Banner o Sooth Africae

current **banner o the Republic o [[Sooth Africae]]** wis adoptit on 27 Aprile 1994, at the beginnin o the 1994 general election, tae replace the banner that haed been uised syne 1928.  The new naitional banner, designed bi State Herald Frederick Brownell, wis chosen tae represent the new democracy.

The banner haes horizontal bands o reid (on the tap) an blue (on the bottom), o equal width, separatit bi a central green baund which splits intae a horizontal "Y" shape, the airms o which end at the corners o the hoist side (an follae the flag's diagonals). The Y embraces a black isosceles triangle frae which the airms are separatit bi nairae yellae baunds; the reid an blue baunds are separatit frae the green baund an its airms bi nairae white stripes. The stripes at the flee end are in the 5:1:3:1:5 ratio.

In blazons (a vexillological description uisin flag terminology), the Sooth African flag is describit as  "per pall fesswise gules, sable and azure, a fesswise pall vert fimbriated argent, Or an argent."

## Design an seembolism

Accordin tae offeecial South African govrenment information, the South African flag is "a synopsis o principal elements o the kintra's flag history."  Awtho different fowk mey attribute personal symbolism tae the individual colours or colour combinations, "nae universal seembolism shoud be attached tae ony o the colours."  The ae seembolism in the flag is the V or Y shape, which can be interpretit as "the convergence o diverse elements athin Sooth African society, takin the road ahead in unity.

Frae time tae time explanations o the meanings or seembolism o the flag's colours are published in various media, includin offeecial government publications an speeches bi government officials.

Three o the colours — black, green an yellow — are foond in the flag o the African Naitional Congress. The ither three — red, white an blue — are uised in the modern banner o the Netherlands an the banner o the Unitit Kinrick; the colours white an blue wur an aa foond in the auld banner o Sooth Africae.
Umwhile Sooth African Preses F.W. de Klerk, who proclaimed the new flag on 20 Aprile 1994, statit in his autobiography, *The Last Trek: a New Beginning*, that chili red wis chosen instead o plain red (which Anglo-Africans woud hae preferred) or orange (as Afrikaners woud hae preferred).

### Colour

## References
Oscar Wilde

**Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde** (16 October 1854 – 30 November 1900) wis an Erse writer, poet, an prominent aesthete; who, efter writin in different forms throughoot the 1880s, became ane o Lunnon's maist popular playwrichts in the early 1890s. The day he is remembered for his epigrams, plays an the tragedy o his impreesonment an early daith.

Wilde's parents wur successfu Dublin intellectuals, an frae an early age he wis tutored at hame, whaur he showed his intelligence, becomin fluent in French an German. He attendit boardin schuil for sax year, then matriculatit tae varsity at seiventeen years o age. Readin Greats, Wilde proved hissel tae be an ootstandin classicist, first at Dublin, then at Oxford. His intellectual horizons wur broad: he wis deeply interestit in the risin philosophy o aestheticism (led bi twa o his tutors, Walter Pater an John Ruskin) tho he an aa profoondly splored Roman Catholicism an finally convertit on his daithbed.

Efter varsity Wilde moved tae Lunnon, intae fashionable cultural an social circles. As a spokesman for aestheticism, he tried his haund at various literary activities: he published a beuk o poems, lectured Americae an Canadae on the new "Inglis Renaissance in Airt", an returned tae Lunnon tae wirk prolifically as a jurnalist for fower year. Kent for his bitin wit, flamboyant dress, an glitterin conversation, Wilde wis ane o the best kent personalities o his day. At the turn o the 1890s, he refined his ideas aboot the supremacy o airt in a series o dialogues an essays; tho it wis his ae novel, *[[The Picture of Dorian Gray]]*, which brocht him maie lastin recognition. The opportunity tae big aesthetic details precisely, combined wi lairger social themes, drew Wilde tae writin drama. He wrote *[[Salome (play)|Salome]]* in French in Paris in 1891, but it wis refused a licence. Unperturbed, Wilde produced fower society comedies in the early 1890s, which made him ane o the maist successfu playwrichts o late Victorian Lunnon.

At the heicht o his fame an success—his masterpiece, *[[The Importance of Being Earnest]]*, wis still on stage in Lunnon—Wilde sued his lover's faither for libel. Efter a series o trials, Wilde wis convictit o gross indecency wi ither men an impreesoned for twa year, held tae haurd labour. In preeson he wrote *[[De Profundis (letter)|De Profundis]]*, a lang letter which discusses his spiritual journey throu his trials, formin a daurk coonterpoint tae his earlier philosophy o pleasure. Upon his release he left immediately for Fraunce, niver tae return tae Ireland or Breetain. Thare he wrote his last wirk, *[[The Ballad of Reading Gaol]]*, a lang poem commemoratin the hairsh rhythms o preeson life. He dee'd destitute in Paris at the age o fowerty-sax.
Ford Focus

The **Ford Focus** is a compact caur (C-segment in Europe) manufactured bi the Ford Motor Company syne 1998. Ford began sales o the Focus tae Europe in Julie 1998 an in North Americae durin 1999 for the 2000 model year.

In Europe, Sooth Americae, North Americae an Sooth Africae, the Focus replacit the various versions o the Ford Escort an Ford Laser sauld in those mercats. In Asie an Australasie, it replacit the Ford Laser. As o the first hauf o 2012, the Focus surpassed the Toyota Corolla tae acome the warld's best sellin automobile nameplate. The Focus haes been considered ane o the 50 greatest caurs o the past fifty years bi Breetish magazine *CAR*.
Citroën C1

The **Citroën C1** is a ceety caur produced bi the French manufacturer Citroën syne 2005.

The C1 wis developit as pairt o the B-Zero project bi PSA Peugeot Citroën in a jynt-ventur wi Toyota. The Peugeot 107 is identical tae the C1 ither than the front bumper an front an rear lichts, while the Toyota Aygo is slichtly mair differentiatit but still obviously seemilar. Aw o them ar biggit at the new facilities o the TPCA jynt-ventur (Toyota Peugeot Citroën Automobile) in the ceety o Kolin, Czech Republic.  The project wis presentit for the first time at the 2005 Geneva Motor Show. The caurs are 4-seater, 3 or 5-door hatchbacks measurin 3.40 metres (133.9&nbsp;in) in lenth. The body wis designed bi Donato Coco.
The C1 is pouered bi a 1.0&nbsp;l 3-cylinder ingine, which haes a fuel economy o 61.4&nbsp;mpg (UK gallons EU method; 4.6&nbsp;l/100&nbsp;km EU method; ca 43.4&nbsp;mpg US wi US method).  A 1.4&nbsp;l 4-cylinder HDI diesel ingine which haes a fuel economy o 68.9&nbsp;mpg (UK gallons EU method; 4.1&nbsp;l/100&nbsp;km EU method; ca 48.8&nbsp;mpg US wi US method)  is an aa available.

The C1 is pouered bi a 1.0&nbsp;l 3-cylinder ingine, which haes a fuel economy o 61.4 mpg (UK gallons EU method; 4.6&nbsp;l/100&nbsp;km EU method; ca 43.4 mpg US wi US method). A 1.4&nbsp;l 4-cylinder HDI diesel ingine which haes a fuel economy o 68.9 mpg (UK gallons EU method; 4.1&nbsp;l/100&nbsp;km EU method; ca 48.8 mpg US wi US method) is an aa available.
Timo Tolkki

**Timo Tapio Tolkki** (born 3 Mairch 1966) is a Finnish muisicker best kent as the umwhile guitarist, sangwriter an producer o the pouer metal baund Stratovarius. Wi his tenure extendin for mair nor twinty years, he wis the langest staundin member o the baund afore his depairtur in 2008. Efter leavin Stratovarius he formit twa supergroups namit Revolution Renaissance an Symfonia, baith o which hae syne been disbandit. *[[Guitar World]]* magazine rankit him in the top 50 fastest guitar players in the warld in a 2011 article.