Petrozavodsk

**Petrozavodsk** (; Karelie/Veps/) is the caipital ceety o the Republic o Karelie, Roushie. It stretches alang the wastren shore o the Lake Onega for some . Population: 

## History

On 11 September 1703, Prince Menshikov foondit the dounset o Petrovskaya Sloboda ("Petrine Sloboda"). He did sae at the behest o Tsar Peter the Great, who needit a new iron foondry tae manufactur cannons an anchors for the Baltic Fleet at the time o the Great Northren War (1700–1721). At first the foondry uised the name *Shuysky zavod* (literally, "factory at the Shuya River"), but a decade later it became *Petrovsky zavod* ("Petrine factory"), efter the name o the reignin monarch. Frae this form the present name o the ceety derives.

Bi 1717, Petrovskaya Sloboda haed grown intae the lairgest dounset in Karelie, wi aboot 3,500 indwallers, a timmer fort, a covered mercat, an miniatur pailaces o the Tsar an Menshikov. The toun's best-kent laundmerk became the firthen kirk o Saunts Peter an Paul, rebuilt in 1772 an renovatit in 1789. The kirk retained its oreeginal iconostasis till this relic o Peter's reign wis destroyed bi fire on October&nbsp;30, 1924.

Efter Peter's daith, Petrovskaya Sloboda became depopulatedit an the factory declined. It closed doun in 1734, awtho foreign industrialists maintained copper factories in the vicinity.

The industrie revivit in 1773 whan Catherine the Great established a new iron foondry upstream the Lososinka River. Designed tae provide cannons for the ongoin Rousho-Turkis Wars, the foondry wis namit Alexandrovsky, efter Alexander Nevsky, who wis considered a patron saunt o the region. The factory wis modernized an expandit unner superveesion o Charles Gascoigne in 1787–96. Local pundits claim that the first railwey in the warld (чугунный колесопровод) wis inauguratit for industrial uises o the Alexandrovsky foondry in 1788.

Durin Catherine's municipal reform o 1777, Petrovskaya Sloboda wi incorporatit as a toun, whaurupon its name wis chyngit tae Petrozavodsk. A new Neoclassical ceety centre wis then biggit, focused on the newly-planned Roond Square. In 1784 Petrozavodsk wis lairge eneuch tae supplant Olonets as the admeenistrative centre o the region. Awtho Emperor Paul abolished Olonets Govrenorate, it wis revivit as a separate guberniya in 1801, wi Petrozavodsk as its admeenistrative centre.

Durin the Finnish occupation o East Karelie in the Continuation War (1941–1944), the occupeer chose tae style the ceety *Äänislinna* (or *Ääneslinna*), rather than the tradeetional *Petroskoi*. The new name wis a leeteral translation o *Onegaborg*, the name o a dounset markit on a 16t century cairt bi Abraham Ortelius near the present-day ceety, *Ääninen* bein the Finnish toponym for Lake Onega.

The ceety wis occupeed bi Finnish troops for nearly three years afore it wis retaken bi Soviet forces on 28 Juin 1944. The Finns set up concentration camps for the civilians which thay operatit till the Reid Airmy reoccupeed the aurie. The first camp wis locatit at Petrozavodsk (October&nbsp;24, 1940). Sax sic camps wur set up in Petrozavodsk, wi aboot 25,000 weemen, childer an auld fowk confined in them. Ane soorce estimatit 4,000 fowk perished thare, primarily acause o malnourishment, maist dyin durin the ware an simmer o 1942.

## Admeenistrative an municipal status
Petrozavodsk is the caipital o the republic an, athin the framewirk o admeenistrative diveesions, it serves as the admeenistrative centre o Prionezhsky Destrict an aw, even tho it is no a pairt o it. As an admeenistrative diveesion, it is incorporatit separately as the **[[ceety o federal subject significance|ceety o republic significance]] o Petrozavodsk**—an admeenistrative unit wi the status equal tae that o the destricts. As a municipal diveesion, the ceety o republic significance o Petrozavodsk is incorporatit as **Petrozavodsky Urban Okrug**.

## Landmarks
Petrozavodsk is distinguished amang ither touns o North Roushie bi its Neoclassical airchitectural heritage, which includes the Roond Square (1775, reconstructit in 1789 an 1839) an the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral (consecratit in 1832). Amang the toun's laundmerks are the ootdoor statues o Peter I (bronze an granite, Ippolit Monighetti, 1873), Gavrila Derzhavin (a Roushie poet who wis the govrenor o Olonets in the 18t century), an Alexander Nevsky (erectit ootside Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in 2010).

The ceety haes a fine frontage on the Guwf o Petrozavodsk. The modren embankment, inauguratit in 1994, displays an assortment o Karelie granites an marbles. It is lined wi extravagant postmodernist sculptures presented bi sister ceeties o Petrozavodsk frae aroond the warld. Thare is a birch copse an aw, whaur the first kirk o Petrozavodsk wis biggit in 1703.

Petrozavodsk is hame tae the Karelia Philharmonic Orchestra (1933)http://www.marius-stravinsky.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=6&Itemid=10 , the Karelian Muisical Theater (1955, statuar bi Sergey Konenkov), Naitional Library o Karelie (1959), Finnish-speakin Naitional Theatre o Karelie (1965), Petrozavodsk State Varsity, a conservatory, a ceety museum foondit in 1871, an a branch o the Roushie Academy o Sciences.

## Suburbs

The veelage o Shoksha near Petrozavodsk contains a quarry o reid an pink quartzite which wis uised in construction o Saunt Isaac's Cathedral an Lenin Mausoleum, amang mony ither notable structurs. Thare are ither quarries in the region an aw excavatin road aggregates (Goloday Gora – gabbro-diabase) near Derevyanka.

The suburb o Martsialnye Vody is the auldest spa in Roushie, foondit bi Peter the Great in 1714 an visitit bi the Tsar on fower occasions. Its name means "The Watters o Mars" in Roushie. Awtho Peter's palace at Martsialnye Vody haes no survivit, thare is a museum devotit tae the spa's history.

Frae Petrozavodsk harbour a hydrofoil service o "KareliaFlot" company cairies fowk tae the island o Kizhi, a Warld Heritage Steid wi an ootdoor museum o auncient firthen airchitectur.

## Transportation
The ceety is servit bi the Petrozavodsk Airport.

## Climate
Petrozavodsk experiences a continental climate (Köppen climate classification *Dfc*) that is greatly moderatit bi the oceanic influence o the Easter Seas. Winters are lang an cauld, tho vera mild for the heich latitude, while simmers are short an wairm. Precipitation averages  annually.

## Twin touns an sister ceeties

Petrozavodsk is twinned wi:
* Alytus, Lithuanie
* Brest, Belaroushie
* Duluth, Unitit States
* Joensuu, Finland
* La Rochelle, Fraunce, syne 1973
* Neustrelitz, Germany
* Neubrandenburg, Germany
* Nyborg, Denmark
* Ōhara, Japan
* Podolsk, Roushie
* Portomaggiore, Italy
* Mo i Rana, Norawa
* Tübingen, Germany
* Umeå, Swaeden
* Varkaus, Finland

## References
### Notes

### Sources
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## Freemit airtins
*Offeecial wabsteid o Petrozavodsk 
*Offeecial wabsteid o Petrozavodsk  
*Unoffeecial wabsteid o Petrozavodsk  
*Offeecial wabsteid o the Buird o Cultur o Petrozavodsky Urban Okrug 
*Kizhi Museum