open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Dalswintoun

**Dalswintoun** (English: **Dalswinton**) is a clachan in the historical coonty o Dumfriesshire in Dumfries an Gallowa, Scotland. It is locatit aboot 6 mile nor'wast o Dumfries. Til the east o the veelage a wind ferm haes been built wi a capacity o 30 MW. Patrick Miller (1731-1815) the entrepreneur built Dalswintoun Hoose an ither biggins in the veelage: the stable block situtatit ablo the main hoose an the wawed gairden; the veelage; the ferms wi the haint fields; aw the cots that wis tae hoose the ferm wirkers, and, hinderly, the loch. It wis, mebbe, this ane that he wis the maist renount for, acause it wis on this loch that the first steamboat in Breetain made its maiden vaige.

The name Dalswintoun conteens the Auld English placename *swīn-tūn* "pig ferm" that the Scots Gaelic *dál* "haugh or watter-meidae" haes been addit.

An exceptional lairge beech tree (*Fagus sylvatica*)  wis situatit at the front o the nearby riggit-an-furrt-airn biggit Kirk o Scotland Dalswintoun Barony Kirk, wi the Giant Polypore bracket fungus (*Meripilus giganteus*) growin fae its ruits. The tree wis fellt in early 2014.

## References

## External links
*Video footage o Dalswintoun Loch
*Video footage o the first ever steam pouert boat
Gaitlawbrig

**Gaitlawbrig** (or **Gatelawbrig**, English: **Gatelawbridge**) is a clachan in the historical coonty o Dumfriesshire in Dumfries an Gallowa, Scotland. It is situatit 2.5 mile east o Thornhill an near the heuch Chrichope Linn. The oreegin o the name is unkent tho in the past the locals cried it Gately Bridge, sae mebbe it taks its name for a type o brig ower the River Cample in the centre o the sattlement. The river divides the pairishes, wi aw thaim that's east o the river bein in Closeburn Pairish, an thaim that's west of the river bein in Morton pairish.

The African explorer Joseph Thomson bade in Gaitlawbrig fae the age o 10 until leavin for Edinburgh. He gaed til the seicontary schuil Morton Academy in Thornhill (noo the Wallace Hall Academy), makkin the jurney ilk day on his pownie cried Donald. His faither wis the quarrel master an apparently that is whaur his interest in rocks begoud. He studied geology at the Varsity o Edinburgh. Efter graduatin he wis engaged on several explorations in East Africae an North Africae. He diskivert the Thomson's Faws watterfaw in Kenyae an the Thomson's gazelle (*Eudorcas thomsonii*) is name't efter him.  He wis kent tae be a kind an fair man, that refuised tae beat his beirers in Africae whan thay did wrang, preferin tae reduce thair wages insteid. This wis houiver verra ill-leukit-upon at the time wi the beirers that at ane pynt gaed on strike an left him. He becam ill acause o infections pickit up on his traivels an dee'd a young man. His freends upset a fine moniment tae him that staunds neist til the schuil in Thornhill.

Gaitlawbrig is the site o several reid-saundstane quarrels appent in the 19t century that wis ance linkit bi rail til the G&SWR main line near Cample veelage. Thay is noo lairgely disuised. the saundstane derived fae a muckle saund-dune that stendit fae Gaitlawbrig throu Locharbriggs tae Annan. This saundstane is buildin material o muckle o Dumfriesshire, an wis exportit til Americae whaur it wis uised tae build the famous 'brownstones' o New York. The clachan haes seen a lot o growthe recent wi several new hooses being biggit.

## References

## External links
*Video 'Crichope Linn - Sir Walter Scott, Elsf an Covenaters
Glencaple

**Glencaple** is a clachan in the historical coonty o Dumfriesshire in Dumfries an Gallowa, Scotland. Situatit on the banks o the River Nith, it ance served as a port for nearby Dumfries. 

Dumfries F.C. played thair hame matches at Norfolk Park in Glencaple. Glencaple is hame an aw o the Dumfries and Galloway Canine Rescue Centre.

On 7 September 2012, Princess Alexandra appent the Caerlaverock Shop and Tearooom in Glencaple, accompanied bi the Laird-Lieutenand o Dumfries, Jean Tulloch. The tearoom is operatit bi Mary Mumford, 15t Leddy Herries o Terregles, an umwhile leddy-in-waitin tae Princess Alexandra an her sister, Baroness Herries.

## References
Glenlochar

**Glenlochar** (Scots Gaelic: *Gleann Lochair*) is a clachan on the wastren bank o the River Dee in the pairish o Balmaghie in the historical coonty o Kirkcoubrieshire in Dumfries an Gallowa, Scotland. Glenlochar is locatit 1.5 mile sooth o Balmaghie Kirk an 3 mile north o Castle Douglas.

## Etymology

Etymological speakin, Glenlochar micht be conntectit til the auncient name *Loukopibia*, an dervied fae the Brittonic *-luch-* "slumpie watter o sautie watter" (Welsh: *llwch*, Scots Gaelic: *loch*), or *lǖch* "bricht, shinin", wi the adjectival suffix *-ar*. The first pairt o the name is aither Brittonic *glïnn-* (Welsh *glynn*) or Scots Gaelic *gleann*, baith o thaim meanin "a glen" (English: a valley).

## History

The buirit remeens o a lairge Roman fort exist on the eastren bank o the River Dee, anent Glenlochar. The fort wis built in the year 81 AD (CE) bi the Governor Gnaeus Julius Agricola an parrockit an aurie aboot 7 acre. Aibey Yaird is the local name for the aurie conteenin the fort remeens; this reflects the wrang identification on Ordnance Survey maps afore the 1940s as the site o an aibey.

Durin Warld War II Glenlochar wis the site o a trainin camp for the biggin o Bailey brigs. The concrete leck steids o the camp is veesible yet. An unflistit bomb shell wis fund at the site and an controlt flist wis conductit in 2002.

## Amenities

Glenlochar haes a smaw community haw that uised tae be the local schuil.

The Glenlochar Barrage on the River Dee is a pairt o the Galloway hydro-electric power scheme.

Glenlochar Hoose is a late 18t/19t century Georgian hoose wi its principal facade leukin ower the River Dee.

## References
Kirkpaitrick Juxta

**Kirkpaitrick Juxta** is a pairish in the historical coonty o Dumfriesshire in Dumfries an Gallowa, Scotland. It lies on the A701 road atween Biggar, Muffat, an Lockerbie. The pairish straidles the A74(M) motorwey. It is maistly a rural pairish. Its name means "the launds neist til the kirk o Saunt Paitrick".

The pairish kirk wis biggit in 1798-9 and designt bi John McCracken. It wis remodelt an gien a new inby in 1875 bi James Barbour. 

The pairish includes Beattock railwey station, sections o the River Annan, an Queensberry Hill.

The ruins o Auchen Castle (kent as Auchincass Castle an aw) lies in the pairish.

## Namely residenters

* Very Rev William Singer (c.1770-1840), Moderator o the General Assemmly o the Kirk o Scotland in 1830

* Jimmy Niven (1861-1933) - international fitbawer

## References
Yoker Athletic F.C.

**Yoker Athletic Football Club** is a Scots fitbaw club based in Clydebank near Glesga. Yoker's an aurie in Glesga nixt tae Clydebank, hounaiver Yoker's stadium's juist ootside ae the Glesga boondary. Cried 'e *Whe Ho*, the club wis formit in 1886 an is based at Holm Park. It operates in the West Region of the Scottish Junior Football Association the nou an plays in ryal blue or orange strips (uniforms).

Local rivals Clydebank entered 'e Junior grade in 2003–04 an grund skart wi Yoker at Holm Park fae 2008 'till 2018 efter lea'in its grund in Duntocher. Yoker wis promotit tae Central Diveesion Wan on 23 Apryle 2011 efter an 8–0 victory ower Newmains United.

The team haes bin co-managed syne Januar 2019 bi Peter McKenna an Tommy Montgomery

Yoker Athletic kin boast aboot a mention in Scots leeterature; James Kelman's novel, *A Disaffection*, haes the main chairacter attendin a match at Holm Park.

; Scottish Junior Cup

* **Winners**: 1932–33
** Rinners-up: 1935–36

; Central League Deevision 1

* Rinners-up (Promoted to Super First): 2011–12

; Central League Second Dvision

* Winners: 2010–11

; Central League Deevision Twa

* Winners: 1988–89

### Ither honours

* Wast ae Scotland Cup winners: 1930–31
* Glasgow Dryburgh Cup: 1947–48
* Central (Beatons Coaches) Sectional League Cup: 1985–86
* Central League Cup - Rinners-up 2016–17

## 'E squad 'e nou

* (GK) – Ryan Mclaren
* (Def) – Kieran Armstrong
* (Def) – Hashim Cole
* (Def) – Nathan Kavanagh
* (Def) – Ryan McCreath
* (Mid) – Gary Bissland (Captain)
* (Mid) – Chad Meechan
* (Mid) – Christopher Scott
* (Mid) – Grant Gaddi
* (Mid) – Stephen Howie
* (Mid) – David McGrath
* (Att) – Gregor Cree
* (Att) – George Thomson
* (Att) – Jamie Waddell



## References


## External links

* Wabsteid
New Japan Pro-Wrestling

(**NJPW**) is a Japanese professional warsillin promotion basit i Nakano, Tokyo. Foundit i Januar 1972 bi Antonio Inoki, the promotion wis sold tae Yuke's, wha later sold it tae Bushiroad i 2012. TV Asahi an Amuse, Inc. own minority shares o the company. Naoki Sugabayashi has servit as the promotion's Chairman syne September 2013, while Takami Ohbari has servit as the president o the promotion syne October 2020.

Owin tae its tv program airit on TV Asahi, NJPW is the lairgest professional warsillin promotion i Japan. It wis affiliatit wi the National Wrestling Alliance at various points i its history. NJPW has haed agreements wi various mma an professional warsillin promotions aroond the warld, includin WWE, All Elite Wrestling, World Championship Wrestling, American Wrestling Association, World Class Championship Wrestling, Impact Wrestling, WAR, UWFi, Ring of Honor, Pride Fighting Championships, an Jersey All Pro Wrestling. NJPW's biggest event is the Januar 4 Tokyo Dome Show, held ilka year syne 1992 an currently promotit under the Wrestle Kingdom banner.

The promotion is currently ownit bi japanese card game company Bushiroad, which parlayit its entry tae the warld o professional warsillin intae a best-sellin tradin card game, *King of Pro Wrestling*, an appearances from NJPW stars i its various franchises.

## References

## Freemit airtins
* 
* Offeecial English wabsteid
Urr Watter

**Urr Watter**, **Watter o Urr**, or **River Urr** is a river that flowes in the historical coonties o Dumfriesshire an Kirkcoubrieshire in soothwast Scotland.

## Coorse

Enteerly within Dumfries an Gallowa, the Urr Watter oreeginates at Loch Urr an flowes for 35 mile soothwart past Corsock, Glenlair, Auchendolly, Brig o Urr, The Hauch, an close tae Dawbeattie via Palnackie til the Solway Firth at Rough Firth. The veelage o Scaur (Kippford) staunds near the heid o the firth whaur the Urr Watter reaks the sea; the anely ither coastal sattlement o ony size is Rockcliffe. The principal sattlement on the watter is Dawbeattie. The watter is kenspeckelt for saumon fishin.

## Etymology

The name 'Urr' is fae the Cumbric leid *or* meanin "a mairch, a boond, a leemit".

## Gailerie
;Urr Watter

File:Urr Water upstream.jpg|Urr Watter upstream, 2007 - View fae the auld Ramhill brig near The Hauch
File:Down the Urr Water from Palnackie Harbour - geograph.org.uk - 70094.jpg|Urr Watter near Palnackie, 2005

;Urr Watter mooth

File:Urr Water , Kipford - geograph.org.uk - 297153.jpg|Urr Water mooth, 2006
File:Kippfordsunset.jpg|Urr Watter mooth, 2006


## References
Watter o Ae

The **Watter o Ae** is a watter o the River Annan that it flowes intae wast o Lockerbie in Dumfries an Gallowa in soothwast Scotland in the Unitit Kinrick. It rises on the eastren slopes o Queenberry hill.

## References

## External links
*The Watter o Ae at Brig o Ae an the veelage
River Blaidnoch

The **River Blaidnoch** (English: Bladnoch) is a river in the Machars in the  historical coonty o Wigtounshire in Dumfries an Gallowa in soothwast Scotland. Ane o the earliest descrievins o it is gien bi Sir Andrew Agnew o Lochnaw an Sir David Dunbar in an appendix til Andrew Symson's wark *A Large Description of Galloway* written in the 17t century. In this beuk thay say that:

## References
Cainnabis in the Unitit Kinrick

**[[Cannabis|Cainnabis]] in the [[Unitit Kinrick]]** is illegal fir recreational uise an is clessified as a Cless B drog. In 2004, cainnabis wis made a Cless C drog wi less severe penalties but it wis moved back tae Cless B in 2009. Medical use o cainnabis when prescribed by a registered specialist doctor wis legalised in November 2018.

Cainnabis is widely uised as an illegal drog in the UK, while ither strains lower in THC (commonly caued hemp) hae been uised industrially fir ower a thoosan yeirs fir fibre, oil an seeds. Cainnabis hae been restrictit as a drog in the Unitit Kinrick since 1928, though its uisage as a recreational drog wis limitit until the 1960s, whan increasing popularity led tae stricter 1971 clessification.

Despite the fact that cainnabis is illegal in the UK, wi limited availability fir medical uise, the Unitit Kinrick is the warld's lairgest exporter o legal cainnabis.[1] The Unitit Kinrick is also hame tae GW Pharmaceuticals, yin o the warld's lairgest producers o medical cainnabis an the company ahind the first cainnabis derived products approved in major mairkets—Sativex an Epidiolex.

## References
Dryfe Watter

**Dryfe Watter** is a river in Dumfries an Gallowa, Scotland. It is aboot 18 mile lang an flowes intil the River Annan at , near Lockerbie. It stairts at  on the soothren slopes o Loch Fell near Moffat an syne flowes alang a narrae glen til the Annan.

Dryfe Watter gies its name til the pairish, Drysal (English: Dryfesdale), an the common Scots faimily name, Drysdale. A seicont name is the gey less common faimily name Dryfe (or Drife). The meanin o the wird Dryfe isna kent. It micht be fae the Auld Norse leid, Anglo-Saxon leids, or Brythonic leids that wis aw uised at different times in Dumfriesshire.

## References
Central Pairk Conservancy

The **Central Pairk Conservancy** is a non-profit organization that manages Central Pairk in New York Ceety unner contract wi the ceety govrenment. The Conservancy contributes 75% o Central Park's $79 million annual budget, an in 2015 employed 80.7% o the pairk's maintenance staff.

## Freemit Airtins
* 
* NYC Department of Parks & Recreation

## References
Princess Caroline Marianne o Mecklenburg

**Princess Caroline Marianne o Mecklenburg** (*Caroline Charlotte Marianne*; 10 Januar 1821 – 1 Juin 1876) was a member o the Hoose o Mecklenburg-Strelitz who became The Croun Princess o Denmark as the seicont spouse o the future keeng Frederick VII o Denmark.

## Biography

Princess Caroline Charlotte Marianne, wis born in Neustrelitz, the dochter o Georg, Grand Duke o Mecklenburg, an his consort Princess Marie o Hesse-Cassel. She mairit *His Ryal Highness* Croun Prince Frederick, heir apparent tae the Dens throne, in Neustrelitz on 10 Juin 1841. In Denmark, she wis always kent as *Princess Marianne*. 

## Teetles an styles
**Her Highness* Duchess Caroline o Mecklenburg, Princess o Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Duchess o Mecklenburg-Strelitz.
**Her Ryal Highness* The Croun Princess o Denmark.
**[[Her Ryal Highness]]* Princess Mariane o Denmark.
Watter o Fleet

The **Watter o Fleet** is a river in Dumfries an Gallowa, Scotland, flowin intae Fleet Bay on the Solway Firth. Its twa tributarys is the **Big Watter o Fleet** that begins aroond Loch Grannoch, an the **Little Watter o Fleet**. The river flowes throu Gaithoose o Fleet afore meetin the sea.

The Watter o Fleet rises on the slopes o Cairnsmore o Fleet, a 2329 fit heich hill that is designatit as a National Naitur Reserve. Lawer doun, the Fleet Valley conteens the best exemples o upland aikwuid in Kirkcoubrieshire, twa o thaim (Killiegowan Wuid an Carstramon Wuid) is designatit as Speicial Auries o Conservation.

The lower airt o the aurie surroondin the Watter o Fleet is designatit as the **Fleet Valley Scenic Area**, ane o 40 sic auries in Scotland, that hae been define't sae as tae identify auries kenspeckle scenery an tae enshuir its pertection fae inappropriate development. The Fleet Valley National Scenic Area (NSA) kivers 14,465.5 acre in tot, o whit 13,277 acre is on laund, wi a forder 1188.5 acre bein marine (ablo law tide level). The coastal pairt o the NSA kivers the shoreline, islands, foreshore, an sea aurie o Fleet Bay atween Barlocco Isle and Ringdoo Pynt. Inland the NSA includes the toun o Gaithoose o Fleet, and laund on baith sides o the River Fleet for aboot 6 mile northwart. The aurie represents a microcosm o Scotland, wi coastal scenery in the sooth, an a wilder laundskip o hills an muirs in the north. In atween thare is a slaw transeetion throu fermland an fields, wi a feck o drystane dykes an appen wuidland.

The shoreline o Fleet Bay wis a fauvourite location for airtists fae the Kirkcoubrie Airtist's Colony.

The Big Watter o Fleet is crosst bi a twinty-span viaduct that wis ance a pairt o the Portpatrick Railwey route.

Cardoness Castle is a weel-preservit 15t-century tour hoose juist ablo Gaithoose o Fleet, close til the pynt whaur the river begins tae braiden taewart Fleet Bay. It wis oreeginal awnt bi the MacCullochs o Myretoun. Thay abandont the castle in the late 17t century, follaein the execution o Sir Godfrey McCulloch for the murther o a Clan Gordon neebour. It is nou in the care o Historic Environment Scotland an is a schedule't moniment.

## References

## External links
* Fleet Valley NSA Management Strategy
*
Coronaviridae

***Coronaviridae*** is a faimily o envelopit, positive-sense, single-straundit RNA viruses. The viral genome is 26–32 kilobases in lenth. The pairticles are teepically decoratit wi muckle (~20&nbsp;nm), club- or petal-shapit surface projections (the "peplomers" or "spikes"), which in electron micrographs o spherical pairticles create an image reminiscent o the solar corona.

## References
Carron Watter, Dumfries an Gallowa

The **Carron Watter** () is a watter o the River Nith in Dumfries an Gallowa, soothwast Scotland. It rises in the Dalveen Pass in the Lowther Hills as its heidwatter burns, the Dinabid Linn, Dalveen Lane, an Lavern Burn jyne tae flowe soothwart, til the wast o the veelage o Dusdeer, tae meet the Nith at Carronbrig.

## References
Cairn Watter

**Cairn Watter** is a smaw river in Dumfries an Gallowa, Scotland. The river, formt bi the infaw o Castlefern Watter, Craigdarroch Watter, an Dalwhat Watter, flowes for 18.5 mile sootheast til the Cluden Watter.

The Castlefairn is jynt bi the Craigdarroch, an syne bi the Dalwhat, baith fae its left, juist ablo the veelage o Minnyhive in the pairish o Glencairn. The infaw o thir burns forms the Cairn Watter. The pairish is name't for the river glen. The river flowes east past Kirkland, an sootheast tae Newtounairds, whaur it is jynt bi the Auld Watter tae form Cluden Watter. Cluden Watter flowes east an sootheast tae jyne the River Nith juist north o Dumfries. The river aince define't pairt o the boond atween Dumfriesshire til the east and Kirkcoubrieshire til the wast.

## Gailerie

File:Cairn Water - geograph.org.uk - 1327995.jpg|River flankit bi trees on baith banks
File:Cairn Water - geograph.org.uk - 1328911.jpg|Leukin up the watter fae Dalgonar Brig
File:Cairn Water Near Stepford - geograph.org.uk - 638401.jpg|Near Stapfuird


## References
Numerical analysis

**Numerical analysis** is an area thon studies computer algorithms tae get approximate solutions for mathematical problems. It is usit tae compute integrals an solvin pairtial differential equations. It can also solve problems i linear algebra. Today, thare are many famous numerical analysts such as Leonid Kantorovich.
## See also
### Areas

* MATLAB, INTLAB, GNU Octave, Scilab (famous saftware for numerical analysis)
* Monte Carlo method
* numerical control
* numerical digit
* numerical integration
* numerical linear algebra
* numerical methods for ordinary differential equations
* numerical methods for pairtial differential equations
* validatit numerics
** affine arithmetic
** interval arithmetic
** International Symposium on Scientific Computing, Computer Arithmetic, and Validated Numerics
* Wolfram Mathematica

### Experts
* Alan Turing
* John von Neumann
* Leonid Kantorovich
* Masaaki Sugihara
* Masao Iri
* Masatake Mori
* Peter Deuflhard
* Shinichi Oishi

## References

## Further readin
* Higham, Nicholas J. (1996). Accuracy and Stability of Numerical Algorithms. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.
* Leader, Jeffery J. (2004). Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computation. Addison Wesley.
* Quarteroni, A., Sacco, R., & Saleri, F. (2010). Numerical mathematics. Springer Science & Business Media.
* Conte, S. D., & De Boor, C. (2017). Elementary numerical analysis: an algorithmic approach. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.
Validatit numerics

**Validatit numerics** (or reliable computation) is a numerical analysis wi mathematically strict error evaluation. I order tae dae sae, a technology callit **[[interval arithmetic]]** is usit. Validatit numerics is needit for the followin reasons.
# It is difficult tae avoid numerical errors i numerical computation, an computation without error evaluation may cause unfortunate results.
# It can be appliit tae **computer-assistit proofs** for mathematical problems (such as pairtial differential equations).

Ane o the most known implementation o validatit numerics is **[[INTLAB]]** (Interval Laboratory). INTLAB wis usit tae create other numerical libraries, an it wis also usit tae solve the **"Hundred-dollar, Hundred-digit Challenge problems"**.

## References

## See also
* Affine arithmetic
* Numerical digit
* Numerical linear algebra
* numerical methods for ordinary differential equations
* Numerical methods for pairtial differential equations
* International Symposium on Scientific Computing, Computer Arithmetic, and Validated Numerics

## Other websites
* Validated Numerics for Pedestrians 
* Reliable Computing
INTLAB

**INTLAB (INTerval LABoratory)** is an interval arithmetic library usin MATLAB. INTLAB wis usit tae develop other MATLAB-basit libraries such as VERSOFT an INTSOLVER,  an it wis usit tae solve some problems i the " Hundred-dollar, Hundred-digit Challenge problems".

## Version history
* 12/30/1998 Version 1
* 03/06/1999 Version 2
* 11/16/1999 Version 3
** 03/07/2002 Version 3.1
* 12/08/2002 Version 4
** 12/27/2002 Version 4.1
** 01/22/2003 Version 4.1.1
** 11/18/2003 Version 4.1.2
* 04/04/2004 Version 5
** 06/04/2005 Version 5.1
** 12/20/2005 Version 5.2
** 05/26/2006 Version 5.3
** 05/31/2007 Version 5.4
** 11/05/2008 Version 5.5
* 05/08/2009 Version 6
* 12/12/2012 Version 7
** 06/24/2013 Version 7.1
* 05/10/2014 Version 8
* 01/22/2015 Version 9

## Works citit bi INTLAB
INTLAB is basit on the previous studies o the main author, includin his works wi co-authors.

* S. M. Rump: Fast and Parallel Interval Arithmetic, BIT Numerical Mathematics 39(3), 539–560, 1999.
* S. Oishi, S. M. Rump: Fast verification of solutions of matrix equations, Numerische Mathematik 90, 755–773, 2002.
* T. Ogita, S. M. Rump, and S. Oishi. Accurate Sum and Dot Product, SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing (SISC), 26(6):1955–1988, 2005.
* S.M. Rump, T. Ogita, and S. Oishi. Fast High Precision Summation. Nonlinear Theory and Its Applications (NOLTA), IEICE, 1(1), 2010.
* S.M. Rump: Ultimately Fast Accurate Summation, SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing (SISC), 31(5):3466–3502, 2009.
* S.M. Rump, T. Ogita, and S. Oishi: Accurate Floating-point Summation I: Faithful Rounding. SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing (SISC), 31(1): 189–224, 2008.
* S. M. Rump, T. Ogita, and S. Oishi: Accurate Floating-point Summation II: Sign, K-fold Faithful and Rounding to Nearest. SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing (SISC), 31(2):1269–1302, 2008.
* S. M. Rump: Ultimately Fast Accurate Summation, SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing (SISC), 31(5):3466–3502, 2009.
* S. M. Rump. Accurate solution of dense linear systems, Part II: Algorithms using directed rounding. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics (JCAM), 242:185–212, 2013.
* S. M. Rump. Verified Bounds for Least Squares Problems and Underdetermined Linear Systems. SIAM Journal of Matrix Analysis and Applications (SIMAX), 33(1):130–148, 2012.
* S. M. Rump: Improved componentwise verified error bounds for least squares problems and underdetermined linear systems, Numerical Algorithms, 66:309–322, 2013.
* R. Krawzcyk, A. Neumaier: Interval slopes for rational functions and associated centered forms, SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis 22, 604–616 (1985)
* S. M. Rump: Expansion and Estimation of the Range of Nonlinear Functions, Mathematics of Computation 65(216), pp. 1503–1512, 1996.

## External links
*INTLAB 
*List of INTLAB contributors 
*VERSOFT 
*INTSOLVER

## References
Recco

**Recco** (;in Genoese: *Recco*) is an Italian common o the Metropolitan Ceety o Genoa. It haes a population o 9646 indwallers, an bordes Avegno, Camogli, Rapallo an Sori.   

## References
Ryal Order o the Seraphim

The **Ryal Order o the Seraphim** (Swedish: *Kungliga Serafimerorden*; *[[Seraph]]im* bein a category o angels) is a Swedish order o chivalry creatit bi Keeng Frederick I on 23 Februar 1748, thegither wi the Order o the Sword an the Order o the Polar Star. The order haes anly ane cless wi the dignity o *Knicht* (*Member* for weemen an *Member o the Cloth* for clergymen), an is the foremaist order o Swaden. The order is likened tae the French Order o the Haly Spirit.

## Ryal faimily
Until 1975 the sons o the Swedish monarch received a miniature version o the order's insignia at thair baptism. As pairt o a reform on orders an decorations, a law wis passed in 1974 restricting the conferral o orders tae foreign ceetizens. This law wis revised in 1995 tae allou members of the Swedish Ryal Faimily tae receive the order. That year, on her 18t birthday, Croun Princess Victoria became a member o the order. Prince Carl Philip an Princess Madeline likwise became a knight/member o the order on thair 18t birthday. The tradeetion o conferring the order upon the baptism o a member o the ryal faimily returned when Princess Estelle, the first-born o Croun Princess Victoria an Prince Daniel, received a miniature Grand Cross o the Order's insignia frae her grandfaither, King Carl Gustaf at her baptism on 22 Mey 2012. Princess Leonore, dochter o Princess Madeleine an Christopher O'Neill, wis an aw conferred the order at her baptism on 8 Juin 2008.
Oliver Ortmann

**Oliver Ortmann** (born 11 June 1967) i a German professional puil player frae Gelsenkirchen. Ortmann i a three-time warld champion, winnin the 1995 WPA World Nine-ball Championship an both the 2007 an 2010 Straight puil warld championships. Ortmann is the second player (after Earl Strickland) to win three warld championships. With fourteen wins, he is one of the most successful players at the European Puil Championships. Ortmann is the second to Ralf Souquet on the Euro Tour, winnin fourteen events. Ortmann wis the first player from Europe to win the U.S. Open Straight Puil Championship, in 1989.

He has representit Europe echt times i the annual Mosconi Cup competition atween 1994 and 2004, and wis on the winning side in 1995 an 2002. With 44 German national medals, Ortmann is one of the most successful German puil players o all time. In 1996, he wis the first cue sports player to receive the Silbernes Lorbeerblatt, the highest sporting award gien in Germany. Ortmann was inducted into the Straight Puil Hall of Fame in an August 2013 ceremony in New York City. The following year, he wis inducted into the Billiard Congress of America's Hall of Fame.

## Titles

* WPA World Straight Puil Championship (2007, 2010)
* WPA World Nine-ball Championship (1995)
* U.S. Open Straight Puil Championship (1989, 1993)
* Euro Tour winner (14 championships)
* European Puil Championships
** 9-Ball (1993, 1994, 1996, 1999, 2002, 2003, 2006, 2007)
** 8-Ball (1996, 2006)

### Other awards

* European Player of the Year 1990, 1993, 1996
* 44 German Championship medals
* 28 European Championship medals

## References

## External links

* 
* Profile of Ortmann at *Pool Billiard News*
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)

***Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs*** is a 1937 American animatit musical fantasy film produced bi Walt Disney Productions an pit oot bi RKO Radio Pictures. Based on the 1812 German fairy tale bi the Brothers Grimm, it is the first fu-lenth traditionally animatit featur film an the first Disney animatit featur film. The story wis adaptit bi storyboard airtists Dorothy Ann Blank, Richard Creedon, Merrill De Maris, Otto Englander, Earl Hurd, Dick Rickard, Ted Sears an Webb Smith. David Hand wis the supervisin director, whiles William Cottrell, Wilfred Jackson, Larry Morey, Perce Pearce, an Ben Sharpsteen directit the film's individual sequences.

*Snow White* premiered at the Carthay Circle Theatre in Los Angeles, Californie on December 21, 1937. It wis a critical an commercial success an, wi international earnings o mair nor $8 million durin its initial lowsin, (compared to its $1.5 million budget), it briefly haudit the record o heichist-grossin sound film at the time. The popularity o the film has led tae it bein re-lowsed theatrically mony times, until its hame video release in the 1990s. Adjustit for inflation, it is ane of the top-ten performers at the North American box office an the highest-grossing animatit film. Warldwide, its inflation-adjusted earnings tap the animation leet.

*Snow White* wis nominatit fur Best Musical Score at the Academy Awards in 1938, an the neist year, producer Walt Disney wis awairdit an honorary Oscar for the film. This awaird wis unique, consistin o ane normal-sized, plus seeven miniatur Oscar statuettes. They wis presentit tae Disney bi Shirley Temple.

In 1989, the Unitit States Library of Congress deemit the film "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" an selectit it as ane of the first 25 films for preservation in the National Film Registry. The American Film Institute rankit it amangst the 100 greatest American films, an also named the film as the greatest American animatit film of all time in 2008. Disney's tak on the fairy tale haes haed a signeificant cultural effect, resultin in theme park attractions, a video gemm, an a Broadway muisical.

## References

## Freemit airtins
2017 Warld Snooker Championship

The **2017 Warld Snooker Championship** wis a professional snooker toornament tha teuk place frae 15&nbsp;Apryle tae 1&nbsp;May 2017 a the Crucible Theatre i Sheffield, England. It wis the 19t an feenal rankin event o the 2016–17 saison, followin the Cheenae Open. It wis the 41st consecutive year that the Warld Snooker Championship haed been held at the Crucible.

The winner o the title wis defendin champion and warld nummer ane Mark Selby, who defeatit John Higgins 18–15 in the feenal despite haein fallen 4–10 behind in the seicont session o the match. Selby defeatit Ding Junhui 17–15 in the semi-feenals, whilst Higgins defeatit Barry Hawkins 17–8 tae reach the feenal. This wis Selby's third Warld Championship win; he haed an aw won the title in the 2014 and 2016 tournaments.

The tot prize fund for the championship wis £1,750,000, wi the winner receivin the tap prize o £375,000. Thare war 74 century braks i the main stage o the championship, wi a faur 84 in qualifyin. Englishman Ronnie O'Sullivan compiled a  o 146 in the quarter-feenals, the heichest brak o the toornament. Gary Wilson scored a maximum brak o 147 in qualifyin durin his first roond win ower Josh Boileau. The toornament wis broadcast in Europe bi the BBC and Eurosport, an internationally bi Warld Snooker on Facebook.

## Prize fund
The tot prize money for the event wis raised tae £1,750,000 frae the previous year's prize fund o £1,500,100. The winner o the event won £375,000. A brakdoun o prize money for the 2017 Warld Snooker Championship is shawn ablo.
*Winner: £375,000
*Runner-up: £160,000
*Semi-final: £75,000
*Quarter-final: £37,500
*Last 16: £25,000
*Last 32: £16,000
*Last 48: £12,000
*Last 80: £8,000
*Tot: £1,750,000

## Main draw
The nummers in parentheses beside some o the players are thair seeding ranks. Match winners are shawn in bold.

## Century breaks
Thare war 74 century braks made bi 23 players in the main stage o the 2017 Warld Snooker Championship. The heichest brak o the toornament, a 146, wis compiled bi Ronnie O'Sullivan in his quarter-final loss tae Ding Junhui.
* 146, 128, 124, 122, 111, 104 Ronnie O'Sullivan
* 143, 139, 132, 131, 128, 121, 101, 100 Mark Selby
* 141, 135, 129, 127, 124, 120, 120, 111 John Higgins
* 139, 136, 132, 132, 128, 128, 120, 117, 117, 113, 111, 110, 103 Ding Junhui
* 137, 122 Stuart Bingham 
* 135, 114 Stephen Maguire
* 132, 126, 115 Barry Hawkins
* 131 Xiao Guodong
* 130 Liang Wenbo
* 129, 116, 105, 102, 100, 100 Mark Allen
* 125 Ryan Day
* 124, 107, 101 Stuart Carrington
* 118, 115, 109, 105 Marco Fu
* 118, 112, 109 Shaun Murphy
* 113, 105 Neil Robertson
* 111, 104 Ali Carter
* 110 Kyren Wilson
* 109 Luca Brecel
* 109 Yan Bingtao
* 108, 100 Martin Gould
* 105 Graeme Dott
* 104 David Grace
* 103, 100 Gary Wilson

## References

## External links

*
2014 Warld Snooker Championship

The **2014 Warld Snooker Championship**  wis a professional snooker toornament, that teuk place frae 19&nbsp;Apryle tae 5&nbsp;May 2014 a the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. It wis the 38th consecutive year that the Warld Snooker Championship haed been held a the Crucible and wis the last rankin event o the 2013-14 snooker saison. The event wis sponsored bi Dafabet for the first time.

Ronnie O'Sullivan wis the defendin champion, havin won the 2013 event defeatin Barry Hawkins in the feenal. Mark Selby won the event tae captur his first Warld title bi defeatin O'Sullivan 18–14 in the feenal. This wis Selby's fowert rankin title, an aw completin the Triple Crown o Warld Championship, UK Championship, and Masters titles. Neil Robertson secured the heichest  o the toornament, a 140. Robertson scored his 100th century brak o the saison in his quarter-feenal win ower Judd Trump. The event featurit a prize fund o £1,214,000 wi the winner receivin £300,000.

## Prize fund
The tot prize money fae the 2014 Warld Snooker Championship wis raised tae £1,214,000 frae the previous year's £1,111,000. The winner received £300,000, an increase o £50,000 ower the previous year. The brakdoun o prize money for the 2014 event is shawn ablo:
*Winner: £300,000
*Runner-up: £125,000
*Semi-final: £55,000
*Quarter-final: £25,000
*Last 16: £16,000
*Last 32: £12,000
*Last 48: £8,500
*Last 64: £5,000
*Last 96: £1,000
*Non-televised heichest brak: £1,000
*Televised heichest brak: £10,000
*Tot: £1,214,000

## Main draw
The draw for the first roond teuk place on 17 Apryle 2014, ane day efter the qualifyin, an wis broadcast live on Warld Snooker's YouTube channel at 12&nbsp;pm&nbsp;BST. The nummers in parentheses beside some o the players are thair seeding ranks, whilst players in bold denote match winners. Below is the full results frae the event.

## Century breaks

### Televised stage centuries
Thare war 58 century braks in the televised stage o the Warld Championship. For every century brak made during the main toornament, Dafabet, donated £100 tae the Bluebell Wid Childer's Hospice. Neil Robertson made the heichest brak o the event, a 140.
* 140, 137, 132, 130, 113, 108, 103, 102, 101, 100 Neil Robertson
* 137, 112, 109 Ricky Walden
* 136, 131, 124, 124, 118, 117, 113, 112, 108, 106, 103, 102, 100 Ronnie O'Sullivan
* 136, 124, 116, 109 Marco Fu
* 136 Ding Junhui
* 135, 108, 103 Michael Wasley
* 134, 115, 106, 104 Barry Hawkins
* 134 Stephen Maguire
* 133, 127, 110, 109, 104 Mark Selby
* 130, 107 Ryan Day
* 117, 107 Judd Trump
* 112, 102, 101 Shaun Murphy
* 111 Jamie Burnett
* 111 John Higgins
* 110, 102 Ali Carter
* 107 Alan McManus
* 106 Dominic Dale
* 102 Robin Hull

## References
Triple Crown (snooker)

The **Triple Crown** in snooker is winnin the three maist prestigious toornaments; the Warld Snooker Championship, th' UK Championship, an the invitational Masters. Thir three evens thegither mak up the *Triple Crown Series* wit each individual toornament referred tae as a Triple Crown event. The individual evens are deemed tae be the maist reputable, despite nae ayeweys bein worth the maist rankin pynts or prize fund. Players who win aw three toornaments are said tae hae "won th Triple Crown", aither ower thair career, or in ane season alone. The Triple Crown dates back tae the 1969 Warld Snooker Championship, when the event changed reverted tae a knockout format frae the prior "challenge" basis.

, 11 players hae won aw three evens, wi baith Stephen Hendry an Ronnie O'Sullivan winnin each event five times or mair. O'Sullivan haes the maist titles, haein won 19 individual toornaments. Three players hae won aw three in the space o a season, wi Mark Williams, Steve Davis each an Hendry haein done sae on twa occasions. Shortly afore the stairt o the Masters toornament in Januar 2020, the name wis creatit as pairt o a "Triple Crown series", wi ony player who haed won the Triple Crown in the past bein able tae adorn thair waistcoat wi a crown symbolising thair achievemens.

## Tournament winners
### By season
A leet o aw winners o the three Triple Crown events is shawn ablo bi season:

### Multiple Triple Crown event winners
 

## References
1984 Warld Snooker Championship

The **1984 Warld Snooker Championship** (an aw referitit tae a the **1984 Embassy Warld Snooker Championship** fae the purpose o sponsorship) wis a rankin professional snooker toornament that teuk place atween 21&nbsp;Apryle an 7&nbsp;Mae 1984 a the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. The event wis organisit bi the Warld Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (WPBSA), and wis the aicht consecutive Warld Snooker Championship tae be held at the Crucible syne the event wis first held thare in 1977. The event featurit 94 participants, wit a qualifyin event for 78&nbsp;players held in Bristol frae 1&nbsp;tae 13&nbsp;Apryle; 16 o thir players qualified for the main stage in Sheffield, whaur thay met 16 invitit seedit competitors. The tot prize fund for the event wis £200,000, the heichest tot pool for ony snooker toornament tae that date; the winner received £44,000.

## Main draw
Shawn ablo are the results for each roond. Numbering in brackets shows player's seed.

## References
White stork

The **white stork** (*Ciconia ciconia*), eften semply cried **stork**, is a lairge bird in the stork faimily, Ciconiidae.

## References
Francisco Serrano y Domínguez, 1st Duke o la Torre

**Francisco Serrano y Domínguez, 1st Duke o la Torre** Grandee o Spain, Coont o San Antonio (17 December 1810 – 25 November 1885) wis a Spaingie marshal an statesman. He wis Prime Minister o Spain in 1868–69 and regent in 1869–70 during the ring o the young Queen Isabel II.
Bombus pascuorum

***Bombus pascuorum***, the **brounie**, is a speshies o bumbee  present in maist o Europe in a wide variety o habitats such as meidaes, pasturs, waste grund, ditches, roads, an field mairgins, as weel as gairdens an pairks in urban auries an forests an forest edges.

## References
Thymelicus sylvestris

***Thymelicus sylvestris*** is a butterflee o the faimily Hesperiidae.

(MHNT) Thymelicus sylvestris - Foret de Bouconne, France - male dorsal.jpg|* Thymelicus sylvestris* ♂ 
(MHNT) Thymelicus sylvestris - Foret de Bouconne, France - male ventral.jpg| ♂  △
Aricia artaxerxes

The ***Aricia artaxerxes*** (kent as *northren broon angus*) is a butterflee in the faimily Lycaenidae. It is foond ootthrou muckle o the Palearctic ecozone.

## References
Pentatoma rufipes

***Pentatoma rufipes*** is a speshies o shield bug in the faimily Pentatomidae, commonly foond in maist o Europe. It inhabits forests, widlands, orchards, an gairdens.

## References
Anoplotrupes stercorosus

***Anoplotrupes stercorosus***, whiles kent as the **tuird-deil**, is a speshies o yird-borin dung clocker belangin tae the faimily Geotrupidae, subfaimily Geotrupinae.
Episyrphus balteatus

***Episyrphus balteatus*** is a relatively smaw hoverflee (9–12&nbsp;mm) o the Syrphidae faimily, widespreid ootthrou the Palaearctic region, that kivers Europe, North Asie, an North Africae.

## References
Aphantopus hyperantus

The ***Aphantopus hyperantus*** is a butterflee in the faimily Nymphalidae.

(MHNT) Aphantopus hyperantus - Foret de Bouconne, France - male dorsal.jpg| ♂ 
(MHNT) Aphantopus hyperantus - Foret de Bouconne, France - male ventral.jpg| ♂  △

## References
Sericomyia silentis

***Sericomyia silentis***, is a speshies o hoverflee. It is widespreid ootthrou the Palearctic but normally encoontered in smaw nummers in muntain regions an muirland and bog locations.

## References
Erebia aethiops

***Erebia aethiops*** is a butterflee o the faimily Nymphalidae.

(MHNT) Erebia aethiops - Bossey Haute-Savoie France - male dorsal.jpg|*Erebia aethiops* ♂  
(MHNT) Erebia aethiops - Bossey Haute-Savoie France - male ventral.jpg|*Erebia aethiops* ♂  △
(MHNT) Erebia aethiops - Bossey Haute-Savoie France - female dorsal.jpg| *Erebia aethiops* ♀  
(MHNT) Erebia aethiops - Bossey Haute-Savoie France - female ventral.jpg|  *Erebia aethiops* ♀ △ 

## References
Rhagium bifasciatum

***Rhagium bifasciatum*** is ane o the maist common langhorn beetles in Europe, Turkey an the Caucasus, awtho it is absent frae the faur north-east o Europe an some affshore islands, sic as Maltae.
Lasiocampa quercus

***Lasiocampa quercus*** is a common moch o the faimily Lasiocampidae foond in Europe, includin Breetain an Ireland.
Adalia bipunctata

***Adalia bipunctata*** is a carnivorous clock leddy o the faimily Coccinellidae that is foond ootthrou the holarctic region.

## References
Speyeria aglaja

***Speyeria aglaja***, previously kent as *Argynnis aglaja*, is a speshies o butterflee in the faimily Nymphalidae.
Polygonia c-album

***Polygonia c-album*** is a fuid generalist (polyphagous) butterflee spesgies belangin tae the faimily Nymphalidae.
Abraxas grossulariata

***Abraxas grossulariata*** is a moch o the faimily Geometridae, hamelt in the Palaearctic ecozone.
## References
Vespula vulgaris

***Vespula vulgaris*** is foond in various regions, includin the Unitit Kinrick, Germany, Indie, Cheenae, New Zealand, an Australie.

## References
Cantharis livida

***Cantharis livida*** is a speshies o sodger clock belangin tae the genus *[[Cantharis]]* faimily Cantharidae.
Gymnocheta viridis

***Gymnocheta viridis*** is a metallic green tachinid flee foond ootthrou Europe, mainly in ware.

## References
Scathophaga stercoraria

***Scathophaga stercoraria***, cried the **shairnie flee** or **muck-flee**, is ane o the maist fameeliar an abundant flees in mony pairts o the Northren Hemisphere.
Bufo bufo

***Bufo bufo*** (frae Laitin *bufo* "taid"), for ordinar cried a **taid** or **puddock**, is an amphibian that bides in a muckle feck o Europe (wi the exception o Ireland, Iceland, an some Mediterranean islands), in the wastren pairt o North Aisie, an in a smaw portion o Northwast Africae.

## References
Lissotriton helveticus

***Lissotriton helveticus*** is a speshies o esk foond in maist o Wastren Europe, includin Great Breetain.

## References
Lissotriton vulgaris

***Lissotriton vulgaris*** is a speshies o esk commonly foond ootthrou Europe, except the faur north, auries o Soothren Fraunce an the Iberian Peninsula. It is closely relatit wi several seemilar speshies that war previously clessifee'd as subspeshies.

## References
Sciurus carolinensis

***Sciurus carolinensis***, kent as the **gray squirrel** an aw, is a tree squirrel in the genus *[[Sciurus]]*.

## References
Phoca vitulina

The ***Phoca vitulina*** an aw semply kent as the **selch**, is a true selch foond alang temperate an Arctic marine coastlines o the Northren Hemisphere.

## References
Apodemus sylvaticus

The **yird-moose** (***Apodemus sylvaticus***) is a murid rodent native tae Europe an northwastren Africae. 

## References
Lepus europaeus

***Lepus europaeus*** kent semply as the **hare**, is a speshies o hare native tae Europe an pairts o Asie.

## References
Myodes glareolus

***Myodes glareolus*** (umwhile *Clethrionomys glareolus*) is a smaw rodent wi reid-broun fur an some gray patches, wi a tail aboot hauf as lang as its bouk.

## References
Fucus vesiculosus

***Fucus vesiculosus***, kent bi the common names  **black tang**, **leddy wrack**, **sea ware**, **bell-ware**, **straeberry ware**, an **bowgware** is a sea plant foond on the coasts of the North Sea, the wastren Baltic Sea, an the Atlantic an Paceefic Oceans.
Narthecium ossifragum

***Narthecium ossifragum***, commonly kent as **limmbrak**, **balderock**, **pulderuck**, or **tea-girse**, is a plant o Wastren Europe, foond on wet, boggy muirlands up tae aboot  in elevation.
Marjorie Housepian Dobkin

**Marjorie Anaïs Housepian Dobkin** () wis an Armenie-American author an a professor o Inglis at Barnard College, Columbia University, New York. Her beuks include the novelle *[[A Houseful of Love]]* (a * [[New York Times]]* an *[[New York Herald Tribune]]* bestseller) an the history *Smyrna 1922: The Destruction of a City*. Her younger brither wis the neurosurgeon Edgar Housepian.

Housepian Dobkin wis born in 1922 tae Dr. Moses Housepian an his wife Makrouhie, Armenie refugees in New York City, twa an a hauf months after her maternal grandfaither wis killt bi a Turkish sodger durin the burnin o Smyrna frae which her grandmither fled as a refugee.

She attendit Barnard College, graduatin in 1944, an wis a professor o leeteratur an writin at Barnard frae 1957 tae 1993, an aw Associate Dean o Studies frae 1976 tae 1993. Her students includit the novelist Margaret Cezair-Thompson.

She wis awairdit the Anania Shirakatsi prize o the Academy o Sciences o Soviet Armenie an wis the recipient o an honorar doctorate frae Wilson College an aw. She livit in Manhattan near Barnard at .

## Academic career
* 1957–1988: Instructor in Inglis at Barnard College
* 1976–1993: Associate Dean o Studies
* 1988–1993: Professor o Inglis
* 1993–2013: Professor Emerita

## Bibliography
* *[[A Houseful of Love]]* (Random House, 1957)
* *The Smyrna Affair* (US version, Harcourt Brave Jovanovich, 1971; currently published bi Newmark Press as *Smyrna 1922: The Destruction of a City*)
** *Smyrna 1922* (UK version, Faber and Faber, 1972)
* "The Unremembered Genocide" (airticle in *Commentary*)
* *The Making of a Feminist: Early Journals and Letters of M. Carey Thomas* (Kent State University Press, 1977)
* "George Horton and Mark L. Bristol: opposing forces in U.S. foreign policy, 1919–1923" (1983)
* *Inside Out* (written wi Jean Cullen, Ivy Books, 1989)

## References

## Freemit airtins
* Marjorie Housepian in WorldCat database
* Armenian Church wabsteid obituar. https://web.archive.org/web/20130816003635/http://www.armenianchurch-ed.net/news-and-media/news/marjorie-housepian-dobkin-1922-2013/]
Abenomask

**Abenomask** is a Japanese political wird namit after Shinzo Abe. It is usit i Japan for twa meanings:

# The Japanese governmental action tae give reusable surgical masks for ivery family (this policy wis made i order tae respond the COVID-19 outbreak).
# The surgical mask gien bi the policy abuin.

## Similar actions i other regions
Abenomask-like actions are taken i other regions includin Spain an the Unitit States etc.
## References
Jèrriais

**Jèrriais** is the byleid o the Norman leid spakken in Jersey, yin o the Channel Islands aff the coast o Fraunce. Hit haes doukin ower the past yeirhunner as Ingles haes acome the leid o eddication, commerce an admeenistration. Thare are no monie fowk that spik Jèrriais as a mitherleid an, awin tae the eild o the remainin spikkers, thair nummers gae doun ivery yeir. Nanetheless, efforts are bein makkit tae keep the leid alive.

A seemilar leid, Guernésiais, is spakken in nearby Gansey. The leid o Sark, Sercquiais, comed fae Jèrriais bi Jersey colonists that sattlet Sark in the 16t yeirhunner; an thare is mutual intelligibility wi the Norman leid o mainlaund Normandy.

Jèrriais is affen cried "Jersey French" or "Jersey Norman French" in Ingles (tho aiblins this gies the impression that the leid is a byleid o French) an "jersiais" or "normand de Jersey" in French. Jèrriais is distinct fae the Jersey Legal French uised fir legal contracts, laws an offecial missives bi the govrenment an admeenistration o Jersey. Fir this raison, sum fowk uise the term "Jersey Norman" tae clarifee.

## Soorces
Matrix analysis

**Matrix analysis** is a subfield o linear algebra. It focuses on analytical properties o matrices.
## Main topics
The followin topics are studiit i the context o matrix analysis:
* Inequalities relatit tae matrix norms or matrix eigenvalues
* Behavior o matrix eigenvalues
## Journals
The followin journals include articles aboot matrix analysis:
* SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications
* Linear Algebra and its Applications
* Linear and Multilinear Algebra
* The Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra
## References

## Further Reading
*
*