open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Finntroll

**Finntroll** is a Finnish fowk metal baund frae Helsinki, Finland.  Thay jyne thegither pairts o extreme metal wi Finnish polka muisic, cried *humppa*.  Thair name coud mean aither "Trowe frae Finland" or "Plouky Trowe", syne in Swadish the wird ***Finne*** can mean aither *a chiel frae Finland* or *plouk*.

## Leerics
Tho thay are frae Finland, thair leerics is aw in Swadish syne thair first leeracist, Jan "Katla" Jämsen haed Swadish as his mither tongue an acause, thay threap, Swadish "soonds damn troweish".  Maist o thair leerics is anent trowes an early Finnish history an paganism.  Some o thair leerics is gey anti-Christian, but it is whiles teuch tae ken gin thay are sairious or no.

## The Twa Foondin Memmers
Kalta, wha stairtit the baund in 1998 wis forced tae quat the baund in 2001 due tae a tumour (no cancer, but) that wis in his vocal chords an coudna be taen oot wi surgery.  Housome'er, he is aye the baund's heidmaist leeracist an haes been a guest on *Visor om Slutet* in 2003.

The ither foondin member, *Teemu "Somnium" Raimoranta*, dee'd in 2003, efter fawin aff a brig.  The offeecial verdict on his daith wis that he wis fou an the faw wis a mishanter.  Housome'er, a freend o his, Mikka Luttinen (the sangster frae Impaled Nazarene), jalouses that he duin awa wi hissel, an that he haed anerly haed three beers at the time.  Nane o the foondin members is in the baund the nou.

Maugre o that, the baund wins on, tourin aften an settin furth new material.

## Discografie
### Demos
**Rivfader* (1998)

### Albums
**[[Midnattens Widunder]]* (Sco: *The Monster o Midnicht*) (1999)
**[[Jaktens Tid]]* (Sco: *Huntin Saison* (2001) )
**[[Visor om Slutet]]* (Sco: *Sangs anent the End*) (2003)
**[[Nattfödd]]* (Sco: *Nichtborn*) (2004)
**[[Ur jordens djup]]* (Sco: *Frae the Deeps o the Yird*) (2007)
**[[Nifelvind]]* (Sco: *Unnerwarld*) (2010)
**[[Blodsvept]]* (2013)
**[[Vredesvävd]]* (2020)

### EPs
**Visor om slutet* (2003)
**[[Trollhammaren]]* (Sco: *The Trowe Hammer*) (2004)
**Blodsvept EP* (2013)

## Line-up
### Members
* *Mathias "Vreth" Lillmåns* – Vocals
* *Samuli "Skrymer" Ponsimaa* – Guitar
* *Mikael "Routa" Karlbom* – Guitar
* *Sami "Tundra" Uusitalo* – Bass guitar
* *Heikki "Mörkö" Saari* – Drums
* *Henri "Trollhorn" Sorvali* – Keybuirds
* *Aleksi Virta* – Keybuirds (live) 

### Former members
**Tapio Wilska*– Vocals
**Pete Eskelinen* - Vocals (temporar member, staund-in for twa-three live shaws)
**Jan "Katla" Jämsen* – Vocals (tho he quat the baund in 2001 due tae heal raisons, he haes conteenad tae scrieve leerics an be a guest on Finntroll records)
**Teemu "Somnium" Raimoranta* – Guitar (dee'd in 2003, fawin aff a brig)
**Tomi Ullgren* – Guitar
* *Samu "Beast Dominator" Ruotsalainen* – Drums

## Fremmit Airtins
*Offeecial Wabsteid
*Finntroll Offeecial Myspace
*Encyclopaedia Metallum page anent Finntroll
Luca Turilli

**Luca Turillli** (born 5 March 1972, Triest) is an Italian muisicker (maistly a guitarist) an componer. He is ane o foondin members o the influential Pouer metal baund Rhapsody of Fire - the baund that he is the ae leeracist o (forby ae sang, *Il Canto del Vento* bi singer Fabio Lione) an, alang wi keybuirist Alex Staropoli, heidmaist componer o muisic.

Forby his wark in *Rhapsody of Fire*, Turilli haes twa by-projects, *Luca Turilli* an *Luca Turilli's Dreamquest*. He compones aw the muisic for baith thir projects that's in mony weys seemilar tae his main baund. He plays keybuirds raither nor guitar in Luca Turilli's Dreamquest.

Acause o his clessical backgrund (unner the influence o his faither he learnt pianae an guitar in clessical styles), his metal styles is unco influenced bi clessical muisic, an is aften gey melodic an complicate.

## See Forby
* Pouer metal
* Rhapsody of Fire

## Fremmit Airtins
* Encyclopaedia Metallum page anent Rhapsody of Fire
* Encyclopaedia Metallum page anent Luca Turilli's Dreamquest
Ringo Starr

**Sir Richard Starkey, [[Order o the Breetish Empire|MBE]]**, (born 7 Julie 1940 in Liverpuil), kent professionally as **Ringo Starr**, is an Inglis drummer, sangster, sang scriever an actor that gaint fame athort the warld as the drummer fur The Beatles. He whiles sang lead vocals, uisually fur ane sang on an album, includin "*With a Little Help from My Friends*", "*Yellow Submarine*", "*Good Night*", an thair civer o "*Act Naturally*". He scrieved the Beatles' sangs "*Don't Pass Me By*" an "*Octopus's Garden*", an is creditit as a co-scriever o ithers, includin "*What Goes On*" an "*Flying*".
## References
Meethologie

**Meethologie** (frae the Greek ***μύθολογία***; *meethología*) leeterar meins the (oral) retellin o **meeths**. Meeths (cried **legends** an aw) is unco sib ti fowklair, an is forordnar tied ti a certain cultur, kintra or fowk. Whan fowk uises the term the day, thay forordnar meins the hatter o meeths frae a certain cultur or releegion.

Monie meeths haes adae wi gods - the makkin o the Yird, weirs atwein thaim an sae on. Ithers is anent heroes - chiels o mukkil smeddum, monie o thaim interact wi the gods o their cultur or wi ither heroes. 

## Fremmit airtins
* Encyclopaedia Mythica
Hiragana

**Hiragana** is wan o the three alphabets o Japanese. It is easier tae read nor the kanji (the sýstem thit came fae Chínese chairacters) this haes tae be lairnt wird bi wird, acause ance the 46 hiragana seembols haes been lairnt, the reader kens whit wey tae pronoonce thaim.

Hiragana an katakana is baith sýllabaries. In Scots we uise the letters o the alphabet.  In maist wirds ilka maks a soond (a phoneme). In a sýlabary, ilka sýmbol staunds fyr a sýlable. Fur esuample: in Scots we scrieve “Wagamama” (selfish): ilka ane o the aicht letters maks a soond. The wird “Wagamama” is splít intae 4 sýlable (blocks o soond): Wa-ga-ma-ma. In hiragana it is scrieved wi fower seembols: わがまま.

Katakana wirks in the same wey, but the sýmbols isna the same. Katakana is a puckle easier tae learn nor Hiragana acause the seembols is mair semple an mair “squared aff”. Katakana an hiragana thegither is cawed “kana”.
Iliad

***The Iliad*** is ane o twa lang poems attributit tae the Greek makar Homer, the ither bein ***[[Odyssey|The Odyssey]]***. It is anent the kenspeckle Trojan War, an featurs mony chiels that wis weel kent tae the Greeks sic as Achilles, Odysseus, Hector an Aias - as weel as the Greek pantheon; Zeus, Ares, Poseidon, an mony ithers forby thae.

The poem begins near the end o a ten year lang war - the history an causes o the war bein expoondit oot-throu the story. Maist o the action taks place ower fower days, efter the heidmaist Greek fechter, Achilles, haes taen himsel awa frae the stour. The fortuins o the fecht comes an gangs for baith sides, but ower aw the Trojans haes the upper haund whan Achilles isna fechtin. Whan Achilles freend Patroclus is killt, Achilles rejynes the fechtin, howpin tae kill the Trojan heid yin in revenge, he syne daes that. The poem ends wi the yirdin o Hector. Bi the end Achilles haesna dee'd, an Troy haesna been dingit doun, but it is clear that naither o thir things is faur aff.

## Fremmit airtins
* Buik Eichteen o the Iliad in Scots
Industrie

**Industrie** (or **industry**) includes aw kynds o economic activitie. It can be sindert intil fower sectors lippenin on the naitur o the activitie.

Primar industrie extracts naitural materials an fends raw materials for seicondar industrie. Secondar industrie processes raw materials or semi-feenished guids inti products o mair wirth. Tertiar industrie is the proveesion o services. Quaternar industrie is the activitie adae wi the application, manipulation and transmeesion o information.

In a nairae sense, industrie is confined ti manufacturin activities.
Medicin

**Medicin** is the science that deals wi tribbles in humans, the best weys tae hinder tribbles, an the best weys tae mak a body heal an hail.

Fowk that practices *medicine* is maist aften creid doacters/ mediciners/ physeecians or surgeons. For their wark, mediciners is gien a haund by nourices an mony ither kin o health care perfaisionals.
Wather

**Wather** is the state o the air, descrivin fur ensaumple if hit's het or cauld, dreich or bonny, clearsome or cluddy. Oan Yird, maist wather effeck happen in the lawest level o the lift. Wather refers tae day-tae-day temperatur an effecks, while climate refers tae effecks ower time.

Wather kin be preedectit bi yaisin science an technology at wather stations. Wance spaed, the wather is reportit by watherfowk. Due tae the fickle nature ae wather, reports kin be verra unricht. Wather reports kin be used tae pertect life an aiverel.
Yird science

**Yird science** maks scienteefic experiments on things that's unique tae the Yird but isna alive (gin they are alive it becomes ecology or biology).  Thir includes:
	
*Air o tha Yird
*Huil o tha Yird
*Oceans o tha Yird
*Rivers o tha Yird
*Rocks o tha Yird
*Syle o tha Yird
Søren Kierkegaard

**Søren Kierkegaard** (5 Mey 1813 – 11 November 1855) is a Dens philosopher. He startit the philosophy ca'd existentialism wi Friedrich Nietszche.
* Kierkegaard debutit in philosophy bi a theorie on the practical o socratic ironie, dissociatin Socrates frae Plato like Hegel an bi this wey precedin Nietzsche , an analyzin awso the ironie theorized bi the German Romantics. Kierkegaard ken-well the history o philosophy, ither ancient philosophy (his references tae Plato, Aristotle an the Skeptics are frequents) or modern philosophy (frae Descartes tae Hegel). He partaks gey muckle the scorn or indifference tae medieval philosophy whilka reignit frae Erasmus an Luther till Nietzsche : Heidegger an his thesis on Duns Scotus far the greit thinkars thocht anew on this pairt o History o Philosophy.
* Pious Christian an brecht theologian, he wis opponit tae Dens kirk o this time, Lutherian State Kirk, in name o an individual an concrete faith. The releegion, ecclesiastic institution, believin fowks community, formit whit Kierkegaard ca'd Christianity, an representit hypocrisie (gang tae kirk tae mak orselves better seen frae societie) an the repression o individualism, blawn in contrarity in Christianity as livit faith, full o douts an interior learnins, the « Christian-tae-be ».

## References
S4C

**S4C** is the Welsh leid TV chainel that's braidcast in Wales as the fowert chainel, insteid o the Chainel 4 seen in Scotland an Ingland, an it's braidcast throu SKY TV as S4C Digidol (Deegital S4C). The deegital version haes mair Welsh programmes nor the analogue S4C. The chainel is braidcast frae Cairdiff.

## Fremmit airtins
* S4C
Braveheart

***Braveheart*** (*Gallus Hert*) is an American film fae 1995. The film wis directit an produced bi Mel Gibson, wha played the main role an aw. The film is foondit on the life o the Scots hero William Wallace, thare haes been muckle creeticeesm o the heestorical richtness o the film. The film wis mainly merkit for its recreation o the battles. *Braveheart* won mony Oscars, amang them for the Best Film an Best Directin.

On the hail the film is aboot the Scots hero William Wallace (Mel Gibson) that, wi the help o Robert the Bruce (Angus MacFadyen), gart the Scots gaither thegither for tae fecht agin the Ingles owerins unner Keeng Edward I "Langshanks" (Patrick McGoohan). At the beginin o the film the faither an brither o William wis kilt bi Ingles sodgers. Twinty year syne William cam back an mairriet on his belovit Murron (Catherine McCormack). At first he didna want ocht adae wi fechtin agin the Ingles. Murron wis murthert bi Ingles sodgers. In a raptur William kilt a group o sodgers, efter that he becam leader o the uprisin agin the Ingles. It cam tae a fecht atween the Ingles an the Scots, wi an attack on the Ingles toun o York an a bluidy battle follaed. In the hintend William wis taen preesoner an fower-quartert. He saw the last meenits o his life, Murron staundin atween the onleukers. E'en his freends howpit that he wad speir efter forgieness, but wi his last braith William cried: "Freedom!"

## See an aa
*Sophie Marceau

## Fremmit airtins
*
Stornowa

**Stornowa** is a toun on the Isle o Lewis in the Ooter Hebrides. It haes ower 5000 residents, makkin it the maist muckle toun on Lewis, an o the Ooter Hebrides. Thare a ferry-link tae Ullapool. Ower hauf the fowk in the toun speaks the Gaelic. Thare nae ither toun lik this, awbeit the pairish o Stornowa haes the lawest percentage o Gaelic speakers in the Ooter Hebrides. The toun haes a monie shops an a smaw airport.

## Canada
"Stornoway" is the nemm o the hoose an aw, whaur the leader o Her Majestie's Offeecial Opposition bydes, in Ottawa, Ontario.
Skye

The **Isle o Skye** (Scots Gaelic: *Eilean Sgitheanach*) is an island in the Inner Hebrides. Mony fowk o the island speaks the Gaelic. Skye is whaur Bonny Prince Charlie escaped frae efter the 45.
William Shakespeare

**William Shakespeare** (bapteesed 26 Aprile 1564 – 23 Aprile 1616) wis an Inglis makar an playwricht, nou cried the brawest writer in the Inglis leid an the warld's maist kenspeckle dramatist. He is aften cried England's naitional poet an the "Bard o Avon" (or juist "The Bard"). Makkin up his warks is 38 plays, 154 sonnets, twa lang nairative poems, an a puckle ither poems. His plays haes been pitten ower intil ilka great leevin tongue an is played mair nor thir o ony ither playwricht.

Shakespeare wis born an raised in Stratford-upon-Avon. Whan he wis 18 he wis mairiet on Anne Hathaway, that buir him three bairns: Susanna, an twins, Hamnet an Judith. Atween 1585 an 1592 he begoud a successfu career in Lunnon as an aictor, writer, an pairt-awner o the troupe, "the Lord Chamberlain's Men", later kent as "the King's Men". It seems that he retired tae Stratford aboot 1613, whaur he dee'd efter three year. There arena mony extant records o Shakespeare's private life, an muckle speculation haes been biggit up anent sic maiters as tae his sexuality, his releegious conceits, an wha wrote the warks attreebute tae him

Shakespeare did maist o his weel-kent wark atween 1590 an 1613. His first plays wis comedies an histories in the main, genres he heised tae the heicht o sopheestication an airtistry by the 1600s. Syne he wrate traigedies up til aboot 1608, makkin plays, like *[[Hamlet]]*, *[[King Lear]]*, an *[[Macbeth]]*, conseedered some o the finest in the Inglis tongue. In his last phase, he wrate tragicomedies an wrocht wi ither playwrichts. Mony o his plays wis setten furth in edeetions o differin quality an accuracy durin his lifetime, an in 1623, twa o his ae time theatrical colleagues set furth the First Folio, a collectit edeetion o his dramatic warks that pit thegither aw but twa o the plays nou recogneesed as Shakespeare's.

Shakespeare wis a respectit poet an playwricht in his ain time, but his reputation didna rise til its present heichts till the nineteent century. The Romantics, in parteecular, acclaimed Shakespeare's genius, an the Victorians thocht him sic a gey chiel, that George Bernard Shaw cried their reverence, "bardolatry". In the twintiet century, his wark wis taen up an rediscovered bi new muivements in scholarship an performance. His plays is aye unco popular the day an is played time an again an reinterpretit in mony differin cultural an poleetical contexts athort the warld.
Gaeltacht

The **Gaeltacht** (plural *Gaeltachtaí*) is the airts in Ireland whaur the Erse is tradeitionnalie spokken bi mony fowk. *Gaeltachtaí* is tae the maist pairt wast the island, but there's a few wee anes soothle an ane eastle. 70% o the fowk in the *Gaeltacht* speaks the Erse, an aw the road signs is anerly in the Erse.

The  destricks wis forehaun offeecially recognised durin the 1920s in the airly years o the Irish Free State, follaein the Gaelic revival, as pairt o a government policy aimed at keppin the Erse leid.

The  is threitent by serious leid decline. Resairch furthset in 2015 shawed that Erse is spaken on a daily basis by twa-thirds or mair o the population in anly 21 o the 155 electoral divisions in the . Daily leid uiss by twa-thirds or mair o the population is regairdit by some academics as a cowpin pynt for leid owerpittin.

## References
Roushie leid

**Roushie** or **Roushian** ( "rooskiy yazik") is the leid spak in Roushie. It uises the Cyrillic alphabet. It is an Indo-European leid in the Balto-Slavic faimily. The Roushie leid is the maist spak Balto-Slavic leid, an is the offeecial leid o Roushie, Belaroushie, Kazakhstan, an Kyrgyzstan. It is an offeecial leid o the Unitit Naitions an aa.

## Examples
Here's some examples o Roushie wirds:
* Да (Da): Ay
* Нет (Nyet): Na
* Яблоко (Yabloko): Aiple
* Кошка (Koshka): Cat
* Собака (Sobaka): Dug
* Мясо (Myaso): Met

## References
Psychologie

**Psychologie** (or **psychology**) is the studie o the mynd, harns, an behavior. For ordinar psychologie studies fowk, but it whiles studies rattans or ither ainimals. 

Psychologists is the fowk that practices or wirks in the field o **Psychologie**. A psychologist micht wirk in aither basic research or applee'd research, or gin thay are a cleenical psychologist or coonselin psychologist micht be a therapist. Basic research is the scienteefic studie o the psychologie o fowk or ainimals juist acause thay want tae ken mair aboot it. Applee'd research is the uiss o knawledge frae basic research for tae redd real-warld problems. 

Psychologie haes monie different diveesions or airts o studie an practice. Thir includes behavioral psychologie, cleenical psychologie, cognitive psychologie, developmental psychologie, evolutionarie psychologie, industrial/organizational psychologie, neuropsychologie, psychometrics, social psychologie, an ithers forby. 

## Eddication

For tae become a psychologist, a bodie maun first get a degree at the varsitie. Syn the bodie gaes on tae graduate schuil. A Maister's degree taks a shorter time an the graduate can uise the letters M.S. (Maister o Science) or M.A. (Maister o Airts) ahint their name. A Doctorate degree taks mair time an the graduate can uise the ineetials Ph.D. (Doctor o Philosophie) ahint their name. Some cleenical psychologists wins tae a Doctor o Psychologie degree an can uise the ineetials Psy.D. ahint their name. The American Psychological Association says that a bodie needs a Ph.D. or Psy.D. for tae cry theirsels a psychologist.

## See forby
* Psychiatrie
* Neurologie
* Major Theories o Psychologie

## Fremmit airtins

* Encyclopedia of Psychology A wabsteid stappit fou wi wittins anent psychology.
* Psychoworld.sk - human psychology news 
* In-Mind, Quarterly Jurnal for Social Psychology
St Andra's Day

**St Andra's Day** (Scots Gaelic Là Naomh Anndrais/Latha Naomh Anndra) is the feast day o Saunt Andra an is celebrate on 30t November ilka yeir.

Saunt Andra wis yin o Jesus Christ's first disypils an is the patron saunt o Scotland, syne 1320, an St Andra's Day is Scotland's offeicial naitional day. In 2006, the Scots Pairlament waled ti mak the day a Bank Haliday. 

Syn 2002, St Andra's Day haes been Scotland's offeicial banner day anaw, the Saltire Banner. It in the form o the cross o Saunt Andra, as he wis mairtyred but evitit bein seen as awnin aqualness tae Jesus an sae chase tae dee oan a saltire (X-shapit ruid). The Saltire wul flee frae aw Scots Govrenment biggins wi a bannerpaul. Houme'er, Unitit Kinrick Govrenment biggins in Scotland wul flee the Union Banner, an anerlie flee the Saltire Banner gin thar is mair nor the ae bannerpul.

## In ithir kintras
The 30t November has been a national holiday in Roumainie syne 2015. The apostle Andra is the patron saint o Cyprus, Scotland, Greece (The ceetie o Patras wis whaur he dee'd), Roumainie, Roushie, Ukraine, the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, San Andres Island (Colombie), Saunt Andra (Barbados) and Tenerife (Spainie).

In Germany, the feast day hauds as *Andreasnacht* ("St Andra's Nicht"), in Austrik wi the custom of *Andreasgebet* ("St Andra's Prayer"), an in Poland as *Andrzejki* ("Andra's"). In pairts o thir kintras – alangsyd the Czechie, Slovakie an Romanie – the nicht afore St Andra's Day is seen as bein guid for lassies prattikin weirderie for ti finnd oot wha wul be thair guidman. Ae haunt is for the lassie ti horse a widden shae ower hir shouder. Gin it launds pyntin towarts the dure, it meins she wul be waddit that yeir. Ither lassies wul pour meltit leid intil a bowl o wattir - the thinkin bein that the leid wul furm intil a shape connectit ti hir futur guidman's perfaision.

In sum pairts o Czechie an Slovakie, yung lassies wad write doun the names o potential guidmen on wee bits o paper an stik thir inti wee bits o daich, cried *Halusky*. Whan kuikit, the first ane ti flotter til the surfass o the wattir wad kyth the name o thair futur guidman.

St Andra is the naitional saunt o Romanians an the Romanian Orthodox Kirk anaw. In Romanie, it is the haunt for yung lassies ti pit  41 pikkils o wheat anaith thair pilla afore thay gang ti sleep, an gin thay dreim that oniebodie is cumin ti theif thair pikkils that meins that thay ar gaun ti git waddit neist yeir. In sum ither pairts o the kintra the lassies licht a caunil frae the Pace an bring it, at midnicht, til a funtin. Thay frain St Andra ti lat thaim glisk thair futur guidman. 

St Andra's Day is celebrate as the naitional day o Unthirldom in Barbados. As the patron saunt o Barbados, St Andra hauds in a nummer o Barbadian simbols lik the cross on the Coat o Airms, an the state's naitional honors seistim, that styls fowk as Knichts or Dames o St Andra. St Andra is forby the patron saunt o fishers.

## Referenses



## Fremmit airtins
*Page anent St. Andra's Day
*Scots Pairliament page anent the St. Andra's Day Bank Holiday Bill
Fish-hawk

The **fish-hawk** (*Pandion haliaetus*) is a bird o prey. It bides aboot the lochs o northren Scotland. It eats fish an ither wee beasties.

## References
Elgin, Moray

**Ailgin** () is an umwhyl cathedral ceitie an Ryal Burgh in Moray, Scotland an is the admeenistrative an commercial centur for Moray. The toun begoud til the sooth o the River Lossie on the heicher grund abuin the fluid plain. Elgin is first documentit in the *Cartulary o Moray* in 1190. It wis makkit a Ryal Burgh in the 12t yeirhunder bi King David I o Scots an bi that tym thar wis a castil on tap o the-day's Lady Hill til the wast o the toun.
Thristle

A **thristle** is a bonny purpie flouer. It is the naitonal flouer an emblem o Scotland, whaur it growes on the muirs, amang the heather. Houiver, it is raither pikit, an difficult tae crap.

The inside o an thristle heid is aften cried *breid an cheese*.

Sindry thristles growes in Scotland:
     
*The bog-thristle (*Carduus palustris*)
*The burr-thristle (*Cirsium vulgare*)
*The horse-thristle (*Onopordum acanthium*)
*The Queen Ann thristle (*Carduus nutans*)

The **Scots thristle**, for ordinar *Onopordum Acanthium*, is the naitional flouer o Scotland.
Monopoly (gemme)

**Monopoly** is a buird gemme, maid by Hasbro. 

## Hou tae win veectory
Far tae win the gemme, ye maun vaige aboot the buird (usisin dice tae decide hou far ye gang), buyin an sellin properties. Gin a player launds on ony property belangin til anither player, they maun pey thaim rent; the amount lippens on hou mony houses or inns they hae on it.Mair oot ower, there is mony ither weys tae win an loss yer siller, sic as Chance an Community Chest (Kist) cairds that micht help or deprive ye (far example: the "Out of prison" caird, which laid the player wha haes this caird oot o prison). 
Players can buy or sell chance cairds bat it is said tae construct solidarity links atween players, which is agains the capitalist principle o this gemme. The last man staundin is the winner.
Bob Dylan

**Bob Dylan** (born **Robert Allan Zimmerman**, 24 Mey 1941) is a weel-kent American muisicker, actor an writer. He won the 2016 Nobel Prize in Leeteratur.

## Life
Bob learnt tae playe guitar an harmonica at an early age, an began tae record in 1959.

## Notes
Guillemot

**Guillemots** is birds that bides on the coast. They're members o the auk faimily, an eats fish an, whiles, beasties sic as partans. They inhabit maist o the northren hemisphere, an there's mony species o thaim, includin the common an black anes.
Almazán

**Almazán** is a municipality in the Province o Soria, in Castile an León, Spain. It haes 5,727 indwallers.
Heid

In anatomy, the **heid** or **powe** o an ainimal is the rostral pairt (frae anatomical poseetion) that's for ordinar conseests o the harn, een, lugs, neb, an mooth (aw holps wi mony sensory functions, sic as sicht, hearin, smell, an taste). Some gey semple ainimals daesna hae a heid, but mony bilaterally seemetric forms daes.

## Soorces
* Campbell, Bernard Grant. *Human Evolution: An Introduction to Man's Adaptations* (4th edition), ISBN 0-202-02042-8

## Fremmit Airtins

* The anatomy of a head injury.  (in Inglish)

## ART

The heid in art is awe oor the place ..(Art of the Heid) in Dublin has a unique take on this .. bas relief heid sculpture on the street ..
Breinigerberg

**Breinigerberg** is a clachan in the district o Cologne in the land o North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany. As o 2005 it haes 971 indwallers, an lies upo an area o 4&nbsp;km².

*FC Breinigerberg* is ae fitba club o Breinigerberg.

## Fremmit Airtins
* Offeecial wabsteid (German)
* Breinigerberg (German)
Ceevil law (legal seestem)

**Ceevil law** is the maist uised law seestem in the warld.  It is whiles cried Continental law or Romano-Germanic law. It is aye compeart wi common law, but this law pulls unuisual laws frae different cases.  The seestem wis based on Roman law that wis uised a while syne.
Roman law

**Roman law** wis the legal seestem o auncient Rome. It wis applee'd tae maist o Europe in the 18t century. Ceevil law is based on this seestem.
Manmohan Singh

**Manmohan Singh** (Punjabi: ਮਨਮੋਹਨ ਸਿੰਘ; Hindi: मनमोहन सिंह, pronoonced ; born 26 September 1932; deed 26 December 2024) wis the 13t an umwhile Prime meenister o Indie, frae 2004 tae 2014. He is the anerlie Prime Meenister syne Jawaharlal Nehru tae retour til pouer efter completin a full five-year term. He is the first Sikh tae hauld the office. Forby, Singh is the 7t Prime Meenister that belangs the Indie Naitional Congress pairty.

## References
St Aundraes

**Saunt Aundraes** (, Scots Gaelic: *Cill Rìmhinn*) is a toun that haes its name frae Saunt Andra an is an umwhyl ryal burgh in the eist nuik o Fife, Scotland. It haes a population o aboot 18 000, an stauns on the coast o the German Ocean atwein Edinburgh an Dundee. It is hame ti Scotland's auldest varsitie, the *[[Varsity o Saunt Aundraes]]*.

The toun is aften cried the "hame o gowf" for twa raisons. Firstlins, the *Ryal an Auntient Gowf Club*, foondit in 1754, haes owerins ower the gemm warldwyd binna in the Unitit States an Mexico. Seicont, the bonnie *links* (gain'd bi the toun in 1894) is the maist aft-bruikit venue for The Apen Championship, the auldest o gowf's fower mukkil championships.

Veisitors cums ti St Aundraes in gret nummers for the seivral coorses rankit amang the fynest in the warld, an for the saundie strands anaw.

## Biggins
### Cathedral

The Cathedral o St Aundraes wis at ae tym Scotland's mukkilest biggin. It was foondit bi Bishop Robert (1122 - 1159). It wisna completit an consecratit till 1318 in the ring o Robert the Bruce (1306-29).

### St Rule's Tour
St Rule's tour stauns in the Cathedral grunds but is aulder nor the cathedral. It wis aiblins pairt o the Cathedral up til the early 12t yeirhunder.

### Castil

The ruins o *St Aundraes Castil* stauns on a rock at the sie. It is sayd that Bishop Roger biggit the first stane castil on the steid aboot the stairt o the 13t yeirhunder as an episcopal hame.

### The Varsitie o St Aundraes
The Varsity o Saunt Aundraes aucht its springheid til a societie shapit in 1410 bi Lawrence o Lindores, abbot o Scone an a pukkil ithers.

The Varsitie buikhouss that nou inhauds the aulder college buikhouses, wis foundit aboot the middil o the 17t yeirhunder, rebiggit in 1764, an improved in 1829 an 1889 - 1890.

The modren biggins, in the Jacobean styl, wis pit-up atwein 1827 an 1847. Varsitie College, Dundee, becam in 1890 affiliate til the Varsitie o St Andras.
Yasser Arafat

**Yasser Arafat** or **Yassir Arafat** (Arabic: ياسر عرفات‎) (24 August 1929 – 11 November 2004), born **Mohammed Abdel-Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini** (محمد عبد الرؤوف القدوة الحسيني) an kent bi the *[[kunya]]* **Abu `Ammar** (أبو عمّار) an aw, wis the first Preses o Palestine. He wis Preses o the Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) frae 1969 tae 2004. In 1993 he becam preses o the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) an aw.

In 1994, Arafat wis ane o the three recipients o the Nobel Peace Prize. The ithers wis Israelis Yitzhak Rabin an Shimon Peres, for the negotiations at Oslo. Baith got the prize for their peace ettles in the Middle Aest.

The views o him is dividit. Some fowk sees him as a hero, that focht for the cause o the Palestinian fowk. Ithers sees him as a terrorist, that promotit the uise o veeolence for tae win til his ettles. Still ithers thinks he wis a chairismatic leader, but he made ower mony concessions tae the Israeli govrenment.

## References

## Fremmit airtins

* Life in Palestine after Arafat, Situation worse, not what Bush and Sharon planned  
* Death of Arafat, burial and reburial November 13 2004
Varsity o Saunt Aundraes

The **Varsity o St Aundraes** () is the auldest varsity in Scotland an thrid auldest in the Inglish-speakin warld, haein been foondit atween 1410 an 1413. The Varsity is situate in the wee toun o Saunt Aundraes, in Fife, on the aest coast o Scotland.

The Varsity o St Aundraes aucht its oreegin tae a society shapit in 1410 bi Lawrence o Lindores, abbot o Scone an a puckle ithers. 

The Varsity librar that nou includes the aulder college librars, wis foondit aboot the mids o the 17t century, rebiggit in 1764, an bettert in 1829 an 1889 - 1890. 

The modren biggins, in the Jacobean style, wis erectit atween 1827 an 1847. in 1890 Varsity College Dundee becam affiliate tae the Varsity o St Aundraes.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

**Mustafa Kemal Atatürk**, born **Ali Rıza oğlu Mustafa** (19 Mey 1881 (adoptit) – 10 November, 1938) wis an airmy officer, revolutionary statesman, the foonder o the Republic o Turkey an its first Preses.

## Personal life
Mustafa Kemal wis born in the Ottoman ceety o Salonika (, modren-day Thessaloniki, Greece) tae Ali Rıza Efendi an Zübeyde Hanım. Mustafa Kemal’s precise birth date isna kent. The Ottoman Empire uised twa calendars: the Hijri calendar an the Rumî calendar. His birth date wis recordit as 1296 athoot designatin whither this is based on the Rumî or Hijri calendar. This date owerlaps dates extendin frae 1880 tae 1881 on the Gregorian calendar. Mustafa Kemal merkit his mither said he wis born in voar, while his sister, Makbule Atadan, statit thair mither said he wis born on a stormy winter nicht. Ataturk acceptit Mey 19, the date that the Turkish War of Independence began on, as his birth day an month in response tae a gestur bi historian Reşit Saffet Atabinen.

## Notes
Laitin

**Laitin** is an auld leid that wis spak bi the Romans. Fowk dinna speak or write this leid awfu muckle ony mair, but mony students athort the warld studies it in the schuil.

The Roman Catholic Kirk still uises Laitin as its offeecial leid. 

Mony wirds uised in science an medicine wis creatit frae Laitin wirds, or is Laitin wirds. 
Mony leids spoken the day comes frae the Laitin leid. Thir leids is cried Romance leids. The five lairgest Romance leids is French, Romanian, Italian, Portuguese, an Spaingie. Ither Indo-European leids is sib tae Laitin.
Portuguese leid

**Portuguese** (Portuguese: *português*) is the Romance leid that cam frae Portugal but haes spreid athort the warld lang syne.

## Wha speaks Portuguese

The Portuguese leid is the 3rd maist spoken wastren leid (juist efter Inglis an Spaingie) wi aboot 200 million native speakers, an a puckle mair millions aw ower the warld acause the fowk o Portugal, Brazil, Cape Verde, Angola, Mozambique etc. that traivelt tae mony different pairts o the warld. 

Portuguese an Spaingie is baith romance leids an haes a lot o things in common. But they´re no the same. Whilk a Portuguese speaker can unnerstaund a Spaingie speaker, but maist o the times it disna happen. The same aboot Spaingie speakers unnerstaundin Portuguese speakers. A little example is:
"Abri a janela muito rápido para jantar" (Portuguese)
"Abrí la ventana muy pronto para cenar" (Spaingie)
"A opent the windae gey fast sae A can hae denner" (Scots)

The places whaur fowk speaks Portuguese as their mither tongue is Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, East Timor, Guinea Bissau, Macao (Region o Cheenae), Mozambique, Portugal, São Tomé an Príncipe an in the ceeties o Goa, Damão an Diu (Indiae).

## Wirds in Portuguese that's seemilar tae Scots anes

Portuguese an Scots haes wirds that means the same thing an leuk seemilar an aw. This is acause thir wirds cam frae the same leids (for example the Laitin, Greek or the French).

### Examples

* Visão *Veesion*
* Informação *Information*
* Confuso *Confuised*
* Baptismo (Portugal) / Batismo (Brazil) *Bapteesm*
* Artigo *Airticle*
* Capital *Caipital*
* Total *Tot*
* Mapa *Map* 
* Problema *Problem*
* História *Heestory*

Some Scots wirds cam frae Portuguese, for example tank (tanque) an cacao (cacau).

## Examples o uisual [[phrase]]s
* Oi! *Hey!*
* Olá! *Hello!*

* Que Tal? (Portugal) / Como Vai (Brazil)? *Whit like?*
* Estou bem, obrigado. *A'm fine, thanks.*

* Fala(s) português? *Dae ye speak Portuguese?*
* Falo português. *A speak Portuguese.*
* Não falo português. *A dinna speak Portuguese.*
* Não falo bem português. *A dinna speak much Portuguese.*

* Tenho que ir, adeus! (Portugal) / Tenho que ir, tchau! (Brazil) *A maun gang, bye!*
* Até logo! *Speak to you later!*

* O que (é que) estás a fazer? (Portugal) / O que você está fazendo? (Brazil) *Whit ye daein?*
* Obrigado/a. *Thank you*

## See Forby
* Romance leids
* Spaingie leid
* French leid
* Laitin leid
* Portugal
Greek leid

**Greek** (Greek: ελληνική γλώσσα or semply ελληνικά — "Hellenic") haes a documentit history o 3,400 year, the langest o ony single naitural leid in the Indo-European leid faimily. It is ane o the earliest attestit Indo-European leids an aw, wi fragmentary records in Mycenaean datin back tae the 15t or 14t century BC, makkin it the warld's auldest recordit leevin leid. The day, it is spoken bi aboot 17–25 million fowk in Greece (offeecial), Cyprus (offeecial), Albanie, Bulgarie, North Macedonie, Italy, Turkey, Armenie, Georgie, Ukraine, Moldovae, Romanie, Roushie, Egyp, Jordan an emigrant communities athort the warld, includin Australie, Unitit States, Canadae, Germany an ithergates. 
 
Greek haes been written in the Greek alphabet (the auldest conteenasly uised alphabet, an the first tae introduce vouels) syne the 9t century BC in Greece (afore that in Linear B), an the 4t century BC in Cyprus (afore that in Cypriot seelabary). Greek literature haes a conteenas history o near-haund three thoosand year.

## References
Italian leid

**Italian** is a leid spoken bi aboot 70 million fowk, maistly fowk frae Italy, frae whaur it gets its name.
It is an ofeecial leid in Italy, San Marino, Vatican Ceety, Swisserland an in some ceeties o Slovenie an Croatie. It is uised in some pairts o Monaco, Maltae, Albanie, Dodecaneso (Greece), Eritrea, Libie, Ethiopie, Somalie, Tunisie, Slovenie, Croatie an some ither places an aw.

It is maistly derived frae Laitin, wi some wirds frae Greek, Etruscan an ithergates. It is cried an inflectit leid - that means that the meanin o wirds can be chynged bi chyngin their endins. Italian noons is aither masculine or feminine (thir's grammatical terms, for ordinar anerly indirect adae dae wi gender).

Maist singular masculine noons ends in -o, an maist plural masculine noons ends in -i.

Maist singular feminine noons ends in -a, an maist plural feminine noons ends in -e.

Sae - gatto = male cat, gatta = female cat, gatti = male cats, gatte = female cats

The endin o verbs is awfu complicate, acause they lippen on the tense o the verb (past, praisent, futur an sae on) an on the person o the verb (A, ye , thay etc).

Frae that - parlo = A speak, parliamo = we speak, parlava = he wis speakin, parlarono = thay spak, parlerò = A will speak, parliamo = lat's speak!

There's gey mony o thir endins tae learn - it is a difficult pairt o Italian. But soondin is semple - there's anerly a puckle rules tae learn, an haurdly ony difficult soonds.

Mony Italian wirds haes entered the Scots leid. Pizza, spaghetti an ravioli is juist some o the fuid wirds that we uise. Mony technical wirds in muisic is Italian, sic as forte an allegro. Mony muisical instruments' names air Italian an aw, sic as cello an tuba. Frae the daurker side o Italian life we get Mafia an vendetta.


Corsivo- come scriverlo a mano in italiano, schede didattiche con alcuni esempi di Paolo Villa (prima edizione commons wikimedia org)-Letters-characters in italics-cursive- how to write it by hand in Italian.pdf|Cursive làmh-sgrìobhte aig sgoil Eadailteach
Idioma%20italiano.png

## Notes

## References
* 
* 
* 

## Ither wabsites
* Italian grammar and interactive course (in Inglis)
* Italian proverbs(in Inglis)
* Italian Learning Tips (in Inglis)
* Italian Grammar Primer(in Inglis)
* Italian Online Dictionaries and Glossaries (in Inglis)

## See Forby
* Romance leids
* Spaingie leid
* French leid
* Portuguese leid
* Laitin leid
* Italy
Wintersun

**Wintersun** is a metal baund frae Finland.  The foonder an heidmaist member is guitarist/lilter Jari Mäenpää, the umwhile frontman o Fowk metal baund Ensiferum.

## History
While pairt o Ensiferum, Jari Mäenpää haed aye wrocht on his ain sangs that he nevir brocht tae the baund (forby the material he did scrieve for thaim, o coorse).  This didna hae the same fowk metal feel tae it, an wis mair personal tae him in a leerical sense - sae he didna jalouse they wad fit weel on an Ensiferum record.  Feelin that he needit tae record thir sangs unner a deeferent name, he sortit studio time in 2004 for the album *Wintersun*.  
Unfortunate-like, thir sessions clashed wi the tour that wis tae propale Ensiferum's seicont album, *Iron*; sae Mäenpää haed tae wale whither Ensiferum or Wintersun wis gaun tae be mair important for him.  He waled Wintersun, an quat Ensiferum, bein replaced in thon baund bi Peteri Lindroos.
The album *Wintersun* wis made up o sangs Mäenpää haed wrate atween 1995 an 2003, an wis recordit hailly bi Mäenpää himsel, forby the drums that wis played bi Kai Hahto.  O coorse, tae play live it wad be needfu tae hae mair members, sae Mäenpää's auld freend an umwhile Eniferum drummer Oliver Fokkin wis recruitit as a seicont guitarist, while Jukka Koskinen jyned on bass.  Fokkin quat suin efter an wis replaced bi Teemu Mäntysaari.  This line-up haes toured an wrocht on the recordin o the baund's seicont album, *Time* an aw, that is tae be a concept album anent time.  Due tae a wheen technical fankles, the album haes been delayed twa-three times, an is nou expectit some time in 2008.

## Genre
Wintersun jynes thegither mair nor twa-three kynds o metal; symphonic, daith, Black metal, prog, Pouer metal - e'en a tait fowk.  Their muisic is gey complex, an for ordinar melodic.  Tho haird tae define staucht aff, Mäenpää haes said gin pressed he wad descrive their muisic as "Extreme Majestic Technical Epic Melodic Metal."

## Discography
### Demos
* *Winter Madness* (2004) [Aw three sangs frae this demo wis re-recordit for the *Wintersun* album, an wis includit as bonus sangs in demo form on the Japanese edeetion o that album.]
### Albums
* *[[Wintersun (album)|Wintersun]]* (2004) [The album kivver wis duin bi Kristian Wåhlin, that's duin Ensiferum's album kivvers an aw.  In 2006 a tour edeetion o this album wis setten furth that haed a bonus disc o live fitage frae the 2005 *Summer Breeze* festival in Germany - the baund's first shaw outwi Finland)
* *Time I* (2012)
* *The Forest Seasons* (2017)

## Line-up
### Current Members
* *Jari Mäenpää* − lead an backin liltin, guitar (bass, keybuirds on *Wintersun* album)
*  *Teemu Mäntysaari* − Guitar
* *Jukka Koskinen* − Bass
* *Kai Hahto* − Drums

### Umwhile Members
* *Oliver Fokin* - Guitar

## Fremmit Airtins
* Offeecial Wintersun wabsteid 
* Offeecial Wintersun MySpace page
*Encyclopaedia Metallum page anent Wintersun
Doo

A **doo** is a bird o the faimily ***Columbidae*** an the anely faimily in the order ***Columbiformes***. The birds is fand athort the warld, but the braidest varietie bides in the airts aboont Indonesia an Australie. There is mair nor 300 species o doos in 50 generae, wi therteen species weedit awa.

Doos is thick-boukit birds wi a cutty hause an short nairae beaks.

The nests o doos is fer common made frae rysses. Thay lay twa eggs fer ordinar, an the eggs is incubatit bi baith the male an the female. Doos eats o seeds, fruit an plaunts. Alike mony ither birds, doos maks caibie milk. Unalike ither birds, baith sexes creauts this gey nutritious "milk" for tae feed tae the young.

Mony fowk hauds doos for a habbie, sic as racin, or tae send messages. Doos is for ordinae hauden in a doocot.

## As a seembol
In the Bible, Noah released a white doo for tae find laund efter the fluid. The doo returned wi an olive brainch. For ordinar a white doo wi an olive brainch in its beak means peace an luve.

## Ither doos
*The cushat or cushie-doo
*The turtle-doo or turtour
*The rock-doo or sod

## References
Dens leid

**Dens** (*dansk*) is a Germanic leid an pairt o the North Germanic brainch. It is spoken bi aboot 6 million fowk, maistly in Denmark; the leid is uised bi 50,000 fowk in the northren pairts o Schleswig-Holstein in Germany whaur it haes the status as a minority leid.  Dens haes offeecial status an is a subject fowk in schuil need tae lairn in the Dens pairts o Greenland an the Faroe Islands forby. In Iceland an Faroe Islands, Dens is, alang wi Inglis, a fremmit leid taucht in the schuils as a subject fowk hiv tae lairn. In North an Sooth Americae thare is Dens leid communities in Argentina, the U.S. an Canadae. Due tae immigration an leid substitution in Greenland, atween 15-20% o the fowk speak Dens as thair mither tongue.

## References

## Fremmit airtins

* Scots an Dens cognates
Swadish leid

**Swadish** (*svenska*) is a North Germanic leid, spak bi mair nor nine million fowk, maistly in Swaden an pairts o Finland, especially alang the coast an on the Åland islands. It is tae a muckle extent mutually intelligible wi Norawa an a bittie less wi Dens. Swaden is ca'd "Sverige" in Swadish, it is pronouncit "Sver-ye".

## Historie o Swaddish
Alang wi the ither North Germanic leids, Swaddish is an affcome o Auld Norse, the common leid o the Germanic fowk bidin in Scandinavie durin the Viking Age. The letters that exist in Swadish an nae in Scots (even tho' "ä" exists in Ulster Scots) are: å, ä an ö.

The Swaddish as it wis spoken in the Mid-Ages wis gey different frae modren Swaddish. The grammar is muckle different, mair nor the pronouciaition that didna chynge the muckle : thar wis fower cases for adjectives, nouns an pronouns: nominative, dative, accusative an genitive. (The farst an the last dae exist till the day). Thar war three genders: masculine, wummanly an neuter.
The *utrum* is the gender o the day that contains baith masculine an wummanly. The conjugaition wis mair complex an aw, haein indicative an subjonctive an the verb chyngin at ivery person an number. The XVIth yeirhunder an the like, the leid haes become gey simpler in a pure grammatical owersicht, it wis mair like the the day's Swaddish. Till the XVIIth yeirhunder the cases war stil uisit, but nou bide anly in some rare dialects.

## See awso

* Swaden
* Lingueestics
* Leids
* List o leids bi kintra
Norse leid

**Norse** or **Norawa** (*norsk*) is a Germanic leid spak mainly in Norawa, whaur it is an offeecial leid. Thegether wi Swadish an  Dens, Norse forms a continuum o mair or less mutually intelligible local an regional variants *(c.f. [[Scots-Inglis byleid continuum]])*. 

Thir continental Scandinavian leids thegether wi the insular leids Faroese an Icelandic, an some deid leids, constitutes the North Germanic leids (cried Scandinavie leids an aw). Faroese an Icelandic is nae langer mutually intelligible wi Norse in thair spoken form, acause continental Scandinavie haes diverged frae them.

## References
Science

**Science** (frae the Laitin *scio*, meanin "tae ken") is a wey tae find oot things. Whiles the wird "science" is uised for tae refer tae the knawledge that is fund uisin the methods o science.

Fowk that daes science is cried scientists. Scientists study things bi leukin at them awfu tentily, bi meisurin them, an bi daein experiments an tests. Scientists tries tae expleen why things acts the wey thay dae, an is the wey thay are.

### Scientific method
The "scientific method" is the name gien tae the methods uised in science for tae lairn things. The scientific method can be awfu uisefu.

The main featurs o the scientific method is:
* The scientific method is a "trial an error" prattick. 
* The scientific method lippens on data. 
* The product o the scientific process is something cried a "theory".

Maist fowk accepts the scientific method as the maist reliable wey for tae ken aboot naitur, the universe, an the human bouk.

### Ither featurs o science
Aw theories is anerly acceptit sae lang as thay are the best explanation for the data that exeests. Whan theories disnae expleen the data ony mair, thay are discardit an replaced.

Scientists compete wi ilk ither. Scientists checka ilk ither's wark. Scientists tries tae mak better explanations for the data.

Scientists publishes thair wark in peer-reviewed jurnals.
  
Science is a wey for tae learn aboot things bi discardin whit isna true. 
 
Scientists maun be gey canny tae mak explanations that fits weel wi whit thay observe an meisur. Thay compete tae fend better explanations. An explanation micht be interestin or pleasin, but if it daesn gree wi whit ither scientists really sees an meisurs, thay will try tae find a better explanation.

Ither scientists checks thair ideas for tae see if the real observations, meisurments, an tests shaws if thay are richt or wrang. Peer review an repeatin experiments is the ae wey tae be shuir the knawledge is richt.

Science maks models o naitur, models o oor universe, an medicine. Thare's mony sindry sciences wi thair ain names. Houaniver it isna richt tae say "science says" ony ae thing. Science is a process, no juist the facts an rules believed at ae time.

## Some types o science
### Biological sciences
* Biology
* Pheesiology
* Ecology
* Botany
### Pheesical sciences
* Astronomy
* Chemistry
* Naitural philosophy
* Yird science
:* Oceanography
:* Wather
:* Geology
### Social sciences
* Psychology
* Sociology
* Anthropology
## Fields related tae science
* Mathematics
* Computer science
* Statistics
* Ingineerin
* Medicine
Poond sterling

The **poond sterling** (seembol: *[[Poond sign|£]]*; ISO code: *GBP*), subdividit intae 100 *pence* (singular: *penny*), is the siller o the Unitit Kinrick, its Croun dependencies (the Isle o Man an the Chainel Islands) an the Breetish Owerseas Territories o Sooth Georgia an the Sooth Sandwich Islands, Breetish Antarctic Territory an Breetish Indian Ocean Territory.

This airticle kivers the history o sterling an the issues o sterling in Ingland, Great Breetain an the Unitit Kinrick. For ither associatit issues see Manx poond, Jersey poond an Gansey poond. The Gibraltar poond, Falkland Islands poond an Saint Helenian poond is sindert sillers, peggit tae the poond sterling. For the umwhile siller o the Kinrick o Scotland cried the poond, see Poond scots.

### Expandin tae Scotland
In 1603, the crouns o Ingland an Scotland wis jyned but the govrenments an sillers bid sindert. Houaniver, the poond scots, that haed began equal tae sterling but haed suffert far heicher devaluation, wis peggit tae sterling at a vailie o 12 poond Scots = 1 poond sterling. In 1707, wi the union o the twa kinricks tae form Great Breetain, the poond scots wis replaced bi sterling at the same vailie.

## Cuinyies
The're 8 cuinyies o the poond sterling: 1p, 2p, 5p, 10p, 20p, 50p, £1 an £2.

## Baunk notes
Poond sterling baunk notes are prentit by several sindry baunks athort the Unitit Kinrick an it's croun dependencies.

* Scots baunk notes
* Inglis baunk notes
* Northren Erse baunk notes
* Manx baunk notes
* Jersey baunk notes
* Guernsey bank notes
## Notes


## Fremmit airtins
* Poond sterling baunk notes (Inglis baunk notes)
* Scots baunk notes
* Northren Erse baunk notes
* Jersey baunk notes
* Guernsey bank notes
* Gibraltar bank notes