Scotland

:*For mair airticles adae wi fowk, steids an things in Scotland tak a keek at [[:category:Scotland]].*

**Scotland** (; ; , ) is a kintra in north wastren Europe, an is wan o the fower kintras that maks the Unitit Kinrick. It taks up the northren thurd o the Great Breetain. Sooth o Scotland is Ingland, an is bund bi the German Ocean til the east an the Atlantic Ocean til the north an wast.

Scotland wis ance a free kinrick, but syne  gaed intil a union wi England in 1603, whan Jeams VI o Scotland becam Jeams I o England efter the deith o Elspeth I. This union wis makkit formal on 1 Mey 1707 bi the Treaty o Union. The Scots Pairlament wis gotten rid o on 26 Mairch. The union southert baith kinricks, makkin the Kinrick o Great Breetain, wi a new single Pairlament haudden in Wastmeenster, Lunnon, but some pairts o Scotland's institutions, merkit the laund's naitional kirk an scuilin an legal systems, wis hauden apairt. In 1801, Scotland becam ane o the three launds o the Unitit Kinrick, alang wi England an Ireland (nou juist Northren Ireland). Wales is nou seen for uisual as anither laund, awtho it wis juist a principality o the kinrick o England in 1707.

In 1997, the Scots fowk voted tae hae a new pairlament, estaiblisht by the UK government in the *[[Scotland Act 1998]]*. The nou reconvened Scots Pairlament haes been gien the pouer tae govern the laund on maist Scots maiters, but haesna ower muckle pouer wi taxes, awtho it dis hae the pouer tae chynge the UK income tax rate bi 3p in the pund.

Scotland's size is maistly that estaiblisht by the 1237 *Treaty o York* atween Scotland an England an the 1266 *Treaty o Perth* atween Scotland an Norawa. Exceptions is the Isle o Mann, that is nou a croun dependency ootwi the Unitit Kinrick, Orkney an Shetland, that is nou Scots raither nor Dens, an Berwick, that wis defined as subject til the laws o England by the 1746 *Wales an Berwick Act*.

The patron saunt o Scotland is Saunt Andra, an St Andra's Day is on 30 November but it haesna been celebrate muckle syne the Reformation.

The wird *Scot* wis taen frae the Laitin an its uiss micht weel date fae aboot the first hauf o the 10t centurie, whan it first kythed in the *Anglo-Saxon Chronicle* an harkent til the Laund o the Gaels, analogous til the Laitin *Scotia*. The ither name is "Caledonie", that's gien tae some pairts o the New Warld an colonies, like New Caledon. Scots kings adoptit the teetle *Basileus/Rex Scottorum* (= Hie King/King o the Gaels, *basileus* meanin sovereign in the Greek, an *rex* meanin king in the Laitin) an *Rex Scotiae* (King o Gael-Land) sometime in the 11t century, likely swee'd by the style *Imperator Scottorum* kent tae hae been uised bi Brian Bóruma in Ireland in 1005. In modren times the wird "Scot" is uised equaly for aw indwallers nae maiter wha thair forebeirs wis. This is acause the kintra haess haed a ceevic raither nor a single kin orientation for maist o the last thoosand year.

## History
 

### Early history

Repeated glaciations, that kivered the hale laund-mass o modren Scotland, hae malafoustered ony traces that micht hae existit o bodies bidin thare afore the Mesolithic period. It is thocht that the first post-glacial groups o hunter-gaitherers wan til Scotland aboot 12,800 year syne, as the ice sheet retreated efter the last glaciation. Groups o sattlers begoud biggin the first kent permanent hooses on Scots syle aroond 9,500 year aby, an the first clachans around 6,000 year syne. The weel-presered clachan o Skara Brae on the Mainlaund o Orkney dates frae this period. Neolithic habitation, buirial an reetual steids is in parteecular common an weel-presered in the Northren Isles an Wastren Isles, whaur want o trees led tae maist structurs bein biggit wi local stane.

### Roman influence
 The written protohistory o Scotland begoud wi the in comin o the Roman Empire in soothren an central Great Breetain, whan the Romans occupied whit is nou Ingland an Wales, administerin it as a province cried *[[Roman Breetain|Britannia]]*. Roman invasions an occupations o soothren Scotland war a series o brief interludes. In 83&ndash;4 AD the general Gnaeus Julius Agricola defeated the Caledonians at the battle o Mons Graupius, an Roman forts war briefly set alang the Gask Ridge naur tae the Hieland line (nane are kent tae hae been constructed ayont that line). Three year efter the battle the Roman airmies haed resiled tae the Soothren Uplands. Thay pit up Hadrian's Waw for tae haud in the tribes on baith sides o the waw, an the *[[Limes|Limes Britannicus]]* becam the northren laundmairch o the empire, awtho the airmy hauden on tae the Antonine Waw in the Central Lawlands for twa short periods&mdash;the hindmaist o thaim wis durin the time o Emperor Septimius Severus frae 208 till 210. The extent o Roman military occupation o ony significant pairt o Scotland wis limited tae a total o aboot 40 year, awtho thair influence on the soothren section o the kintra occupeed by Brythonic tribes sic as the Votadini an Damnonii wad still hae been considerable.

### Medieval period

### Modern history

In 1603, James VI, King o Scots inherited the throne o the Kinrick o Ingland, an becam King James I o Ingland, an left Edinburgh for Lunnon. Apairt frae a short period unner the Protectorate, Scotland steyed a sinder state, but there wis guid puckle conflict atween the croun an the Covenanters ower the form o kirk government. Efter the Glorious Revolution, the abolition o episcopacy an the dingin doun o the Roman Catholic James VII by William an Mary, Scotland briefly shored tae wale a different Protestant monarch frae Ingland. In 1707, the Scots Pairlament an the Pairlament o Ingland enacted the twin Acts o Union that led tae Scotland's formal incorporation intae the Kinrick o Great Breetain.
The deponed Jacobite Stuart claimants haed steyed popular in the Hielands an nor'east, in parteecular amangst non-Presbyterians. Houaniver, twa major Jacobite uprisings launched in 1715 an 1745 failt tae remuive the Hoose o Hanover frae the British throne. The threit o the Jacobite muivement tae the Unitit Kinrick an its monarchs effective endit at the Battle o Culloden, Great Breetain's last pitched battle. This defeat paved the wey for lairge-scale remuivals o the indwallers o the Hielands an Islands, kent as the Hieland Clearances.

The Scots Enlightenment an the Industrial Revolution makkit Scotland intae an intellectual, commercial an industrial pouerhoose. Efter Seicont Warld Weir, Scotland experienced an industrial decline that wis parteecular severe. Anerly in raicent decades haes the kintra enjoyed something o a cultural an economic renaissance. Economic factors that hae contribute tae this recovery include a resurgent financial services industry, electronics manufacturin, (see Silicon Glen), an the German Ocean ile an gas industry.  

Follaein a referendum on devolution proposals in 1997, the Scotland Act 1998  wis passed by the Unitit Kinrick Pairlament for tae estaiblish a devolved Scots Pairlament.

## Ilands
Scotland haes mair nor 790 ilands, that ar sindert intil fower groups: Shetland, Orkney, an the Hebrides, that ar sub-dividit intil the Inner Hebrides an Ooter Hebrides, the ail o Mull isnae ti be forgotten.

## References

## See forby

*
* Places o Scotland
* Cooncil areas o Scotland
* Thar's this airticle spoken an aw!  
*: (version o airticle whan it wis spoken)