open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Toluca

**Toluca**, offeecially cried **Toluca de Lerdo**, is the state caipital o the State o Mexico as well as the seat o the Municipality o Toluca. It is the centre o a rapidly growin urban aurie, nou the fift lairgest in Mexico. It is locatit  wast-soothwast o Mexico Ceety an anerlie aboot 40 minutes bi caur tae the wastren edge o the Distrito Federal. Accordin tae the 2005 census, the ceety o Toluca haes a population o 467,713, wi 747,512 as the tot municipal population. The ceety is the aicht lairgest in Mexico in population. The municipality o Toluca, alang wi twal ither municipalities, mak up the metropolitan population o 1,610,786 in Greater Toluca as o 2005, makkin it the fift maist populous metropolitan aurie in Mexico.

## Name

When Toluca wis foondit bi the Matlazincas, its oreeginal name wis *Nepintahihui* (laund o corn, *tierra del maíz*). The current name is based on the Náhuatl name for the aurie when it wis renamit bi the Aztecs in 1473. The name haes its oreegin in the wird *tolocan* that comes frae the name o the god, *Tolo*, plus the locative suffix, *can*, tae denote "place o Tolo". It is referred tae in a nummer o Aztec codices as *Tolutépetl* an aw, meanin hill o the god, Tolo, an allusion tae the nearbi volcano. The name Toluca de Lerdo wis adoptit in 1861 in honour o Preses Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada.

## Sister ceeties
Toluca is a pairt o the Sister Cities Internaitional program an maintains cultural an economic exchynge programs wi:
* Saitama, Japan, syne 1979
* Brescia, Italy
* Urawa, Japan
* Kozani, Greece
* Fort Worth, Unitit States, syne 1998
* Suwon, Sooth Korea, syne 1999
* Galveston, Unitit States, syne 2009
* Xalapa, Mexico, syne 2011
*   La Plata, Argentinae, 2010

## References

## Freemit airtins

* Ayuntamiento de Toluca  Offeecial wabsteid
Manëz

**Manëz** or **Manzë** is a municipality in the Durrës Destrict, Durrës Coonty, wastren Albanie.

## References
Rrashbull

**Rrashbull** or **Rashbull** is a municipality in the Durrës Destrict, Durrës Coonty, wastren Albanie.

## Veelages
*Arapaj

## References
Krujë Destrict

The **Destrict o Krujë** () is ane o the thirty-sax destricts o Albania, pairt o Durrës Coonty. It haes a population o 67,698 (2010 estimate), an an aurie o 333&nbsp;km². It is in the centre o the kintra, an its caipital is Krujë. The destrict consists o the follaein municipalities:
*Bubq
*Cudhi
*Fushë-Krujë
*Kodër-Thumanë
*Krujë
*Nikël
*Hasan

## References
Yodok

**Yodok** is a coonty in Hamgyongnam-do, North Korea.  Oreeginally pairt o Yonghung Coonty, it became a separate entity as pairt o the 1952 reorganisation o local govrenment. 

## Physical featurs
Maist o the coonty is muntainous. Yodok is traversed bi the Rangrim an Puktaebong ranges. The chief river is the Ryonghung.  The heichest point is Raganbong. Roughly 90% o the coonty's aurie is forestland.

## Economy
Due tae the ruggit terrain, agricultur is nearly impossible. Housomeivver, a few ferms are tuckit intae the muntains, harvestin maize, soybeans, millet, wheat an barley.  

## Transport
An aw due tae the muntains, Yodok is no connectit tae the rail grid. It is reachable anerlie bi road.

## Camp
Yodok is the steid o the Yodok concentration camp.

## See an aw
*Geografie o North Korea
*Admeenistrative diveesions o North Korea
Yonggwang

**Yonggwang** is a coonty in Hamgyongnam-do, North Korea.  It wis oreeginally pairt o Hamju Coonty, frae which it wis separatit in a general reorganisation o local govrenment in 1952.  It is the steid o ane o the steles erectit bi Jinheung in the 6t century.

The coonty is primarily muntainous, an is traversed bi the Pujonryong Muntains (부전령산맥).  Housomeivver, thare are auries o rollin an level grund, especially alang the Songchon River (성천강). Ither significant streams include the Hukrim River (흑림강), Chadongchon (자동천), Chonbulsanchon (천불산천), an Kigokchon (기곡천).  Roughly 80% o the coonty is occupee'd bi forestland. The heichest point is Mataesan.  

Despite the ruggit terrain, thare is agricultur in Yonggwang.  Local crops include maize, rice, soybeans, wheat, an barley. Sma-scale orchards an livestock operations exist an aw. Thare are deposits o coal an gowd. In addition, hydroelectric pouer is producit in the region.

The Sinhŭng Line an Changjin Line railroads pass through the coonty, which is servit bi roads an aw.

## See an aw
*Geografie o North Korea
*Admeenistrative diveesions o North Korea
Toksong

**Toksong** is a coonty in Hamgyongnam-do, North Korea.  It is largely mountainous, but the soothren aurie is law lying.  The Pujonryong, Taedok, an Kodubong (거두봉) ranges pass throu the kintra. The heichest pynt is Huisabong.  Major streams include the Kosochon (거서천), Konpachon (곤파천), an Tongpalryongchon (통팔령천).

Temperatures are teepically quite law. Aboot 89% o the coonty is forestland, o which some 70% is coniferous. Thanks tae this, lummer is an important local industry.

The local economy is centred on manufacturing, awtho agriculture plays a role. Manufacturing accounts for 90% o local production. Local crops include maize, soybeans, an potatoes; thir are chiefly grown alang the glens. Thare are orchards an silkworm farms. Minin is supported an deposits o iron ore, gowd, fluorspar, an magnetite can be foond.  Hydroelectric power stations an aa can be foond in the coonty.

Toksong is served bi railroads includin the Toksong Line.

## See an aw
*Geografie o North Korea
*Admeenistrative diveesions o North Korea
Pyongsong

**P'yŏngsŏng** is a ceety in North Korea, the caipital ceety o Pyongannam-do in wastren North Korea. The ceety is locatit aboot 32 kilometres northeast o Pyongyang, an wis formally established in December 1969.  It haes a population o ower 100,000.

## Transport
Pyongsong Station is on the Pyongra Line railwey.

## See an aw
*Leet o ceeties in North Korea
*Transportation in North Korea
*Leet o Korea-relatit topics
Kaechon

**Kaech'ŏn** (Hangul: 개천시, Hanja: 价川市) is a ceety in Pyongannam-do, North Korea.

## Geography
The Myohyangsan, Changansan, Ch'ŏnsŏngsan, an Ch'ŏngryongsan muntain ranges come thegither in Kaechon.  The heichest peak is Paekt'apsan.  The maist important rivers are the Ch'ŏngch'ŏn River an the Taedong River.  The aurie o the ceety is 61% forestit.

## Economy
Watter resources are abundant, an several reservoirs are locatit in Kaechon.

Agricultur haes been extensivley developit, includin livestock an fruit orchards.  Machinin an metalwirkin are the dominant industries, minin haes become mair prominent.

## Tourism
Tourist steids in Kaechon include Songam Cavern, Taeripsa Temple wi its 9-level stane pagoda, the fortresses o Changhamsŏng, T'osŏng, an Kosasansŏng, Namsa dolmen, an the group o dolments at Mukpangsan.  Thare are Yŏnpung Lake an aw, which wis constructit in 1956, an Yongwŏn Cavern, which wis discovered in 1966 an is preservit as North Korea's Natural Monument No. 43.

## Preeson Camps
There are twa muckle preeson camps in Kaechon, baith kent for vera hairsk conditions:
* Kaechon internment camp is a preeson labor colony aroond  sootheast o the ceety center at the banks o Taedong River. Shin Dong-hyuk wis born in the camp, tortured thare, an feenally saw his mither an brither executit afore he escaped.
* Kaechon concentration camp is a preeson biggin complex aroond  east o the ceety center. Lee Soon-ok wis impreesoned for sax years in the camp an gave testimony afore the Unitit States Senate.

## See an aw
*Leet o ceeties in North Korea
*Transportation in North Korea

## Notes
Sunchon

**Sunch'ŏn** is a ceety in Pyongannam-do, North Korea.  It haes an estimatit population o 437,000, an is hame tae sindry manufacturin plants.

## Transport
Sunchon Station is on the Pyongra Line railwey.

## History
In December 1951, the Korean War aerial Battle o Sunchon wis focht near Sunch'ŏn atween the Ryal Australie Air Force an twa North Korean allies – Cheenae an the Soviet Union.

## See also
*Leet o ceeties in North Korea
*Leet o Korea-relatit topics
*Geografie o North Korea
Omer Tarin

**Omer Tarin** (born Mairch 1966, in Peshawar) is a weel-kent poet an scholar frae Pakistan. His poetry is kenspeckle fer its leerical an meestical tain.

## Backgrund
Tarin wis born in 1966 tae the Tarin (or Tareen) faimily, or clan, o the Hazara region o the North-Wast Frontier (nou Khyber Pakhtunkhwa), while his faither wis postit as a senior civil servant an admeenistrator in Peshawar. Frae his mither's side, he is relatit tae the Hayat faimily, o the Khattar tribe o Wah, in North Punjab. He wis eddicatit at the Burn Hall School (nou Army Burn Hall College), Abbottabad an the Aitchison College, Lahore, Pakistan, afore graduatin frae the Varsity o the Punjab, Lahore. He later haed sindry heicher degrees in Inglis an History/Post-colonial Studies frae Pakistan an the Unitit Kinrick respective-like.

## Career
Efter a short time in the ceevil service o Pakistan, Tarin demittit tae become a fu time varsity lecturer an resairch scholar an involved hissel in leeterar an academic pursuits. He haes furthset fower volumes o poetry in Inglis sae far, widely reviewed in Pakistan an abroad, as weel as several poems furtheset in anthologies an collections warldwide. His volumes o poetry ar : *A Sad Piper* (1994; 1996 UK), *The Anvil of Dreams* (1995), *Burnt Offerings* (1996, 1997) an *The Harvest of Love Songs* (1997, 2000; an UK ed 2003). Syne 2004, he haesnae furthset ony new volumes o poetry awtho he haes been pittin oot poems independently frae time til time. In recent years, he haes been involved in sindry leeterar an historical projecks o a academic natur an aw, chief focussin on the colonial history o Sooth Asie, in pairticular North-Wastren Pakistan. Recent academic publications include warks on militar history/campaigns on the Frontier an some wark on Rudyard Kipling an Kipling's Indie. A nummer o thir warks ar available or referenced onwab, an wis furthset in the *Kipling Journal*, UK an the *Journal of the Indian Military Historical Society*, the UK an aw. He haes diverse academic an leeterar interests an is a Fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society, UK, The Tolkien Society (UK), associate o the Kipling Society, an the Indian Military Historical Society (IMHS).

In addeetion tae his leeterar an academic interests, Omer Tarin haes lang been involved in limitit social activism an aw, espeicial in relation tae environmental, forests an wildlife conservation, in his native airt. He maks occasional comments on sindry aspecks o global politics an environmental issues in the media an aw.

## References
Tokchon

**Tokchon** is a ceety in northren Pyongannam-do, North Korea.  It is bordered bi Yongwon an Maengsan tae the east, Kujang tae the north, Kaechon tae the wast an Pukchang tae the sooth.  It is hame tae the Sungri Motor Plant, established in 1950, an various ither sma factories.

The Sungri Motor Plant (an associatit wirkshops) hae been ane o the few domestic sources o baith law-cost replicas o foreign passenger caurs an militar-service larries in North Korea; developit through the massive militarisation campaigns o Kim-Il Sung in the 1970s an 80s.

Housomeivver, the total depletion o foreign credit bi the end o the 1980s caused the manufacturin industrie tae rapidly implode; the supply o steel for metalwirkin at Sungri slowed tae a trickle, an even when available, the production lines suffered frae regular pouer ootages. The severe faimin in the kintraside haed caused a mass exodus o starvin peasants tae the ceeties an aw, further strainin fuid supplees an wirker productivity. 20,000 caurs an larries wur made in Tokchon in 1980, bi 1996 the nummer wis juist 150, aw o which wur Airmy trucks, some later modifee'd as rocket airtillery launchers.

## See an aw
* Leet o seicontary subdiveesions o North Korea
* Geografie o North Korea
* Pyongannam-do

## References
Yangdok

**Yangdok** (*Yangtŏk kun*) is a coonty o the Pyongannam-do, North Korea.

## Admeenistrative destricts

The destrict is split intae ane ŭp (veelage) an 18 ri (touns).

## Transport
Yangdok Station is on the Pyongra Line railwey.

## References


## Freemit airtins
*  Map o Pyongan provinces 
*  Detailed map
Unsan, Sooth Pyongan

**Unsan** (은산군) is a ''kun'' (coonty) in Pyongannam-do, North Korea.

## Transport
Unsan Station is on the Pyongra Line railwey.

## References
Corralillo

**Corralillo** is a municipality an ceety in the Villa Clara Province o Cuba.

It wis foondit in 1831 an established as a municipality in 1879.

## Geografie
Corralillo is locatit on the northren coast o Cuba, in the north-wastren corner o the Villa Clara province, borderin the Matanzas Province tae the wast an the Bay o Cadiz tae the north. The cays o Falcones, Blanquizal an Verde o the Sabana-Camagüey Airchipelago as well as a multitude o reefs are locatit at sea north o Corralillo.

## Demografics
In 2004, the municipality o Corralillo haed a population o 27,581. Wi a total aurie o , it haes a population densitie o .

The municipality is dividit intae the barrios o Ceja de Pablo, Corralillo, Palma Sola, Perú, Sabana Grande, Santa María an Sierra Morena.

## See an aw
*Municipalities o Cuba
*Leet o ceeties in Cuba

## References
Cifuentes, Cuba

**Cifuentes** is a municipality an ceety in the Villa Clara Province o Cuba foondit in 1819 an established as a municipality in 1919.

## Demografics
In 2009 the municipality o Cifuentes haed a population o 28,850, haein droppit frae 41,789 in 1976. Wi a total aurie o , it haed a population densitie o .

The municipality is dividit intae the barrios o Alacrán, Amaro, Barro, Cabecera Norte, Cabecera Sur, Este, Oeste an Sitio Grande.

## See an aw
*Municipalities o Cuba
*Leet o ceeties in Cuba

## References
Andrés de Segurola

**Andrés Perelló de Segurola** (25 Mairch 1874 – 23 Januar 1953) wis a Spainyie opera sanger.

## Biographie
He wis born on 25 Mairch 1874 in Madrid. He wis a member o New York Ceety's Metropolitan Opera in 1901 an 1920.

## References

## Fremmit airtins
Efrain Loyola

**Efrain Loyola** (18 December 1916 – 2 Aprile 2011) wis a Cuban flautist frae Cienfuegos, wha haed the distinction o bein ane o the auldest active flautists in the warld, haed a career that spanned ower 7 decades an for a period, wis a caiptain in the Cuban militia an focht in the Weir agin the Bandits.

## Early life
Loyola wrocht as a shoeshine lad an a baker tae mak a livin while learnin an playin flute. Some of his earliest wark wis wi the hunder-year-auld Banda Municipal de Conciertos o Cienfuegos (Municipal Concert Baund o Cienfuigos), whaur he stairtit playin in 1937.

## Career
Amang the groups wi whilk Loyola wrocht wur the Conjunto Tradicional de Sones Los Naranjos, the Ritmica 39 an his awn baund, the Efrain Loyola Orchestra.

## Awairds an merits
Loyola wis gien amaist 150 acknowledgments an awairds in his lifetime, includin: "Wirthy Memmer o the Writers an Airtists Association o Cuba (UNEAC)", "Distinguished Son o Cienfuegos Ceety", "The Jagua Awaird" an the order o Jesús Menéndez, grantit bi the Cuban Wirkers' Organisation.

Loyola wis aften seen in elegant suits an wi a walkin stick, on the main streets o Cienfuegos, wi his hair straightened in the 1950s style. He wis a Danzón fan an admirer o Miguelito Cuní an wis considert an authority on Cuban muisical history an aw.

Loyola wis leadin his baund regularly up till his daith. He wis buriet in the local cemetery o his hame toun o Cienfuegos bi friends, faimily an admirers.

## Legacy
Loyola's son, José Loyola, is the current director o the baund Charanga de Oro.

## Instrument
Loyola played a “Celeste” flute, namit efter the Cuban flautist an luthier “Celestino Dias Flores”, wha maintained an standardised the firthen 5 key type needit tae play charangas wi the proper colour efter the Böehm seestem appeared an maist manufacturers stoppit makkin the 5 an 6 key firthen flutes.

## Discografie
Loyola haes appeared on dozens o Orquesta Aragón records an ither releases that hae yet tae be properly catalogued on the World Wide Web frae their Spainyie-Cuban soorces.

## References

## Freemit airtins
* Orquesta Aragón - El Paso De Encarnacion
Yanet Bermoy

**Yanet Bermoy Acosta** (born 29 Mey 1987 in Cienfuegos) is a Cuban judoka. She wan the siller medal in the Weemen's 48 kg at the 2008 Simmer Olympics an the siller medal in the Weemen's 52 kg at the 2012 Simmer Olympics.

## Freemit airtins
*Bio at Beijing Olympics official site
*Bio at London Olympics offeecial steid
Geghavank

**Geghavank** (, Romanisit as **Geghavank’**) is a veelage in the commonty o Geghi, Syunik, Armenie.

## References
Kard, Armenie

**Kard** (, Romanisit as **Kart’** an aw; umwhile, **Gyard**, **Gyrad**, **Gyard Nerk’in**, **Gyart’**, **Kard Nerk’in**, **Girt’**, **K’irt’**, an **K’art’i**) is a veelage in the rural commonty o Geghi, Syunik, Armenie.  The Naitional Statistical Service o the Republic o Armenie (ARMSTAT) reportit it wis uninhabitit at the 2001 census.

## References
Karut

**Karut** (; umwhile, **Kyurut** , Romanisit as **K’yurut**, **Qyurut**, an **Kiurut** an aw; earlier, **Kahurt**) is a veelage an umwhile rural commonty, nou pairt o the commonty o Geghi, Syunik Province, Armenie.  The Naitional Statistical Service o the Republic o Armenie (ARMSTAT) reportit its population as 8 at the 2001 census.

## References
Kitsk

**Kitsk** (; umwhile **Kirs** , Romanisit as **K’irs** an **Qirs** an aw) is a veelage in the rural commonty o Geghi, Syunik Province, Armenie.  At the 2001 census, Kitsk (then cried Qirs) wis pairt o the rural commonty o Karut.  The Naitional Statistical Service o the Republic o Armenie (ARMSTAT) reportit that it wis uninhabitit at the 2001 census.

## References
Pirlu

**Pirlu** (, Romanisit as **P’irlu** an **P’irilu** an aw; umwhile **Verin Geghavanq** ) is a veelage an umwhile rural commonty, nou pairt o the commonty o Geghi, Syunik Province, Armenie.  The Naitional Statistical Service o the Republic o Armenie (ARMSTAT) reportit it wis uninhabitit at the 2010 census.

## References
Dekwaneh

**Dekwaneh** ( translit. Dikwene) (also **Dekweneh**)  is a suburb north o Beirut in the Matn Destrict o the Munt Lebanon Govrenorate, Lebanon. The population is predominantly Maronite Christian. Tel al-Zaatar , An UNRWA admeenistered Palestinian Refugee camp hoosin approximately 50,000-60,000 refugees , an steid o the Tel al-Zaatar massacre wis locatit on the ootskirts o the toun.

## Airchaeologie
**Dekwaneh I** is aboot  northwast o Mar Roucos monastery, in the gullies o (nou deforestit) pinefirth slopes on the wast side o a ridge. Material wis foond bi Raoul Describes, who mentioned rock-shelters in the aurie that wur destroyed bi quarryin for quicklime. Further collections bi Auguste Bergy an Peter Wescombe. Some o the flint tuils recovered wur determined tae be Acheulean as well as a lairge amoont o waste an bifaces frae the Middle Paleolithic that suggestit it wis a factory steid at that time.

**Dekwaneh II** material comes frae various locations aroond the aurie, maist notably the ravine belaw the monastery. Flint tuils wur foond here bi Bergy an Describes an aw which includit the Qaraoun cultur's Hivy Neolithic forms such as massive axes, picks, scrapers an rabots. Ither early Neolithic tuils wur foond alang wi some Middle Palelithic material includin an Emireh point an tortoise cores. Alang wi material frae Dekwaneh I, fynds frae the locations are stored in the Museum o Lebanese Prehistory.

## References an fuitnotes
Dik El Mehdi

**Dik El Mehdi** is a village, at 325 metres elevation, in the Matn Destrict govrenorate o Munt Lebanon. Its population haes been estimatit at 2,096 bi Aayroun. The veelage is 18&nbsp;km. frae Beirut. The majority o it inhabitants derives frae the Ashkar faimily kent for their pro-Sirie pertinence. Housomeivver, mony o its inhabitants come frae various regions in Lebanon coverin diverse poleetical beliefs.

Dick el Mehdi is famous for its best in class elementary, heich an seicontary schuil "Champville".

## References
Jean Succar Kuri

**Jean Thouma Hannah Succar Kuri** (born 19 September 1944) is a Mexican businessman convictit o pederasty in Cancún, Quintana Roo. He is an American legal resident an aw. 
He haes been sentencit tae 112 years o jyle on 31 August 2011.

On 19 August 1975, Succar arrivit in the state o Guanajuato wi relatives o his, an then relocated tae Cancún, which wis seein an explosion in the tourist industry. He then marriet, divorcit, remarriet (tae an 18-year-auld wumman) an she is the mither o his five childer. He saw his empire grow frae a soda staund tae group o fower villas, an 70 hotel ruims, an ane hotel. His fortune is estimatit tae be 30 million dollars.

Efter the publication o the expose *Demons o Eden* bi Lydia Cacho, he wis associatit wi Puebla-based Lebanese-Mexican businessman Kamel Nacif Borge in a sexual exploitation ring . In 2004 he wis detained in Chandler, Arizona, an extraditit tae Mexico bi a request o the Attorney General an Interpol . He wis accuised o child pornografie, child sexual abuis an statutory rape . an wis feenally sentencit tae 112 years in preeson on chairges o child pornografie an corruption o minors, a sentence that wis later reducit tae 60 years in line wi Mexican law.

## References
Achajur

**Achajur** (, Romanisit as **Ačajur**, **Achadjur** an aw, an **Achadzhur**; umwhile, **Achasu**) is a toun in the Tavush Province o Armenie.

## References
*
*World Gazeteer: Armenia &ndash; World-Gazetteer.com
*
Alquízar

**Alquízar** is a municipality an ceety in the Artemisa Province o Cuba.

The toun is locatit in the sooth-wast corner o the province, sooth-wast o San Antonio de los Baños an wast o Güira de Melena.

The settlement wis first mentioned in 1616, as a coffee plantation awned bi *Don Sancho de Alquízar*, who gives the name o the commonty. In 1826, a garrison wis established here, an it wis incorporatit in 1879.

## Demografics
In 2004, the municipality o Alquízar haed a population o 29,616. Wi a total aurie o , it haes a population densitie o .

The municipality is dividit intae the barrios o Guanímar, La Paz, Pueblo (caipital), San Andrés an Tumbadero.

## See an aw
*Municipalities o Cuba
*Leet o ceeties in Cuba

## References
Aknaghbyur

**Aknaghbyur** (; till 1967, **Nerkin Agdan** an **Nerkin Aghdan**, Roushifee'd as **Nizhniy Agdan**, frae 1967 tae 1970, **Morut**) is a toun in the Tavush Province o Armenie. Aknaghbyur wis foondit in 451 in honor o Vardan Mamikonian an is ane o Armenie’s auldest rural commonties. In recent years, ArmeniaFund haes launched an completit several vital projects on the infrastructur o the toun, such as the construction o a gas pipeline an an irrigation seestem an the renovation o the drinkin-watter seestem.

## References
* (as Nerkin Agdan)
*
*
Bagbanlar, Ganja

**Bagbanlar** (an aw, **Bagmanlyar**) is a veelage in Ganja, Azerbaijan.

It is suspectit that this veelage haes unnergane a name chynge or nae langer exists, as nae Azerbaijani wabsteid mentions it unner this name.
## References
*
Oktyabr, Azerbaijan

**Oktyabr** (an aw, **Oktyabr’**, **Yeni Erivan**, an **Yeni-Yerevan**) is a veelage in Ganja, Azerbaijan.

## References
*
Unterschleißheim

**Unterschleißheim** is a toun in Bavarie, Germany. It is locatit aboot 10&nbsp;km north o the ceety leemits o Munich, an haes a population o 27,106 (31 December 2007).

## History
Unterschleißheim wis first mentioned in 785.  Durin Warld War II, a weemen's subcamp o Dachau concentration camp wis locatit here.  The toun's 1200t anniversary in 1985 incorporatit the inauguration o the new toun centre wi the Toun Haw an Citizens Advice Bureau.  On 16 December 2000, Unterschleißheim wis grantit privileges o a toun, kent as 'Stadtrecht' in German.

Unterschleißheim's coat o airms seembolises the ceety's past an present. The shield o the coat o airms is dividit. The upper pairt shows a gowden zigzag line on a blue backgrund. The lawer pairt incorporates a green branch o a spruce an a green aik leaf on a gowden backgrund.

Unterschleißheim is the hame o a corporate office o Adobe Systems, as weel as the heidquairters o Microsoft's subsidiary in Germany an for Eastren Europe.

## Recreation
Lake Unterschleißheim wis creaut frae 1979-1980 bi extracting fill tae big the Autobahn.  Ower the past 3 decades it haes acome an awmaist naitural lake, wi an ecologically balanced zone, a conservation aurie for seabirds in the nestin saison, an a damp biotop covering  o laund, o whilk thareby  is uised for sunbathing. Wi numerous shallae auries this is a popular simmer gathering aurie for faimilies wi bairns, an uised frequently for ice skating an curling in the winter.

## Transport
Unterschleißheim is situatit at the crossroads o twa Autobahns, the A99 an A92, wi direct routes tae Stuttgart, Nuremberg an the Munich Airport Franz Josef Strauß. Twa S-Bahn stations on the Munich–Regensburg line, servit bi S1 trains, connect Unterschleißheim wi the regional rail seestem.

## [[Twin touns an sister ceeties|Sister ceeties]]
*  Le Cres, Fraunce
*  Lucka, Germany
*  Zengoalja Kistekseg, Hungary
*  Zelenograd, Roushie

## References

## Freemit airtins
*Offeecial hamepage o Unterschleißheim  (in German an Inglis)
Munich (destrict)

**Munich** () is a destrict in Bavarie, Germany. It borders (frae the north an clockwise) the destricts o Dachau, Freising, Erding, Ebersberg, Rosenheim, Miesbach, Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen, Starnberg, Fürstenfeldbruck, an amaist encircles (except for the wast an northwast sides) destrict-free ceety Munich itsel, which is the destrict seat.

## History
The history o the region is connectit tae the ceety o Munich.

The destrict wis established in 1852 an unnerwent several chynges due tae the ongoin incorporation o municipalities intae the ceety o Munich. In 1972 the constant shrinkin o the destrict wis compensatit bi addin nine municipalities frae the umwhile deistrict o Wolfratshausen.

## Geografie
The destrict is locatitd in the east an the sooth o the ceety Munich, maistly coverin the moraine plain aroond Munich. In the sooth o the destrict the fuithills o the Alps start, which contain the heichest elevation o the destrict an aw, twa hills 703 m abuin sea level in the municipality Schäftlarn. The lawest elevation wi 471 m is near Unterschleißheim in the north o the destrict. The main river is the Isar, which flows throu the ceety o Munich an aw.

## Coat o airms

## Touns an municipalities

## Govrenment
The destrict is admeenistered bi the Landratsamt München an poleetically led bi the Kreistag.

## References

## Freemit airtins

*Offeecial wabsteid  (German)
*Regional news portal for the Landkreis München (German)
Euskirchen (destrict)

**Euskirchen** is a Kreis (destrict) in the sooth-wast o North Rhine-Westphalie, Germany. Neebourin destricts are Aachen, Düren, Rhein-Erft-Kreis, Rhein-Sieg, Ahrweiler, Daun, Bitburg-Prüm, an the Liège province (Belgium).

## History
In 1827 a first destrict around the ceety o Euskirchen wis creatit, housomeivver hintle smawer than the day. In 1932 the destrict o Rheinbach wis dissolvit, wharebi the Euskirchen destrict gained its soothren pairt. In 1972 the Euskirchen destrict grew again bi the inclusion o the Schleiden destrict.

## Geografie
Geografically the destrict is inside the Eifel hill chain. This laund is haurdly suitable for agricultur, an tharefore in historical times the region wis rather poor. The anerlie walth wis the iron ore, but the day the mony forests thare mak the aurie interestin for tourists.

## Coat of arms

## Touns an municipalities

## References

## Freemit airtins

*Offeecial Wabsteid (German)
Rhein-Erft-Kreis

The **Rhein-Erft-Kreis** is a destrict in the wast o North Rhine-Westphalie, Germany. Neebourin destricts are Rhein-Kreis Neuss, destrict-free Cologne, Rhein-Sieg, Euskirchen, Düren.

## History

The destrict in its current borders wis creatit in 1975, when the previous destricts Bergheim an Cologne wur mergit. Becomin effective on 1 November 2003 the destrict wis renamit frae *Erftkreis* tae *Rhein-Erft-Kreis*.

## Geografie

The main river in the destrict is the Erft, which gave it the name an aw. The Erft flows through the fuiothills o the Eifel, on the left side o the Rhine river.

### Touns

## Coat o airms

The coat o airms shows the lion o Jülich in the left hauf, as maist o the aurie belangit tae the duchy o Jülich. The richt side shows the Cologne cross, which staunds for the umwhile Cologne destrict. On top the Erft river is depictit; the Proushie Rhine Province haed the same seembol in its coat o airms.

## References

## Freemit airtins

*Offeecial wabsteid (German)
Düren (destrict)

**Düren** is a Kreis (destrict) in the wast o North Rhine-Westphalie, Germany. Neebourin destricts are Heinsberg, Neuss, Rhein-Erft-Kreis, Euskirchen an Aachen.

## History

The destrict wis creatit in 1972 bi mergin the umwhile destricts o Jülich an Düren. Baith destricts date back tae 1816 when the new Proushie province Rhineland wis created. Afore the Napoleonic Wars aw o the aurie belangit tae the duchy o Jülich.

## Geografie

Geografically it covers baith the lawlands o the *Niederrheinische Bucht* as well as the hills o the Eifel. The destrict haes rich lignite (broun coal) deposits, which is uised in open pit minin. Anither big industrie is paper production, which dates back tae the seicont pairt o the 16t century. The main river in the destrict is the Rur.

## Coat o airms

## Touns an municipalities

## Sister Coonty
Düren haes a pairtnership wi Dorchester Coonty in Maryland.

## References

## Freemit airtins

* Offeecial wabsteid  (German)
Heinsberg (destrict)

**Heinsberg** is a Kreis (destrict) in the wast o North Rhine-Westphalie, Germany. Neebourin destricts are Viersen, destrict-free ceety Mönchengladbach, Neuss, Düren an Aachen, an the Dutch province o Limburg an aw.

## History

The aurie fell tae Proushie in 1815, which in 1816 creatit the three destricts Heinsberg, Erkelenz an Geilenkirchen. In 1932 the destricts Heinsberg an Geilenkirchen wur mergit, an in 1972 the Erkelenz destrict wis mergit as well. In 1975 the destrict got its present size when the municipality Niederkrüchten wis muivit tae the destrict Viersen.

## Geografie
Geografically it covers the lawlands o the *Niederrheinische Bucht*.

### Rivers
*Rur is the main river.
*Wurm
*Schwalm
*Niers

## Coat o airms

## Touns an municipalities

## References

## Freemit airtins

* Offeecial wabsteid
Detmold (region)

**Detmold** () is ane o the five Regierungsbezirks o North Rhine-Westphalie, Germany, locatit in the north-east o the state. It is congruent wi the admeenistratively no existent aurie o *[[Ostwestfalen-Lippe]]* (*OWL*) (*East [[Westphalie]]-[[Lippe]]*).

The Regierungsbezirk wis creatit in 1947 when the umwhile state o Lippe wis incorporatit intae North Rhine-Westphalie bi mergin the umwhile *[[Regierungsbezirk Minden]]* wi the territory o Lippe-Detmold.  The *Regierungsbezirk Minden* dates back tae 1815, when the municipality type *Regierungsbezirk* wis creatit initially.

## Location
The Regierungsbezirk Detmold is locatit in the north-east o North Rhine-Westphalie an tharefore it forms the aurie whare the German law muntains are dividit frae the North German Plain. As the Regierungsbezirk haes an expanse o circa 6,500&nbsp;km² it is ane fift o the aurie o North Rhine-Westphalia. North an east o the Regierungsbezirk thare is the German state o Lawer Saxony, sooth thare is the state o Hesse. At the western border there is the Regierungsbezirk o Arnsberg an the Regierungsbezirk o Münster.

## Admeenistration
The admeenistration is locatit in Detmold in the destrict o Lippe. Syne 21 Julie 2005 Marianne Thomann-Stahl (FDP) is the leader o the admeenistration (*Regierungspräsidentin*).

### Admeenistrative diveesions
The Regierungsbezirk consists o sax destricts wi 69 municipalities, an o ane destrict-free ceety.

## History
The Regierungsbezirk Detmold haes twa historical ruits:
*the East Westphalie pairt (amaist 80% o the auriea) belangit tae the umwhile Proushie Province o Westphalie an thare it formit the unit o the *Regierungsbezirk [[Minden]]*. In 1946 the Proushie Province formit the new state o North Rhine-Westphalie alang wi the northren Rhineland.
*the region roughly aroond the the day's destrict o Lippe wis criled *[[Land Lippe]]* till 1947 an it wis a separate German State juist like Prosuhie. Till 1918 it haed been a principality (*Fürstentum*), then a Free State (*Freistaat*) an so it haes a different historical backgrund than East Westphalie.

## References


## Freemit airtins
*Offeecial admeenistrative wabsteid in German
Troisdorf

**Troisdorf** () is a toun in the Rhein-Sieg-Kreis (destrict), in North Rhine-Westphalie, Germany.

## Geografie
Troisdorf is locatit approximately 22 kilometers sooth o Cologne an 13 kilometres north east o Bonn.

### Diveesion o the toun
Troisdorf consists o 12 destricts (population as o 31 December 2005):
* Troisdorf (15,947 indwallers)
* Spich (12,920 indwallers)
* Sieglar (8,773 indwallers)
* Friedrich-Wilhelms-Hütte (7,644 indwallers)
* Oberlar (6,109 indwallers)
* West (5,531 indwallers)
* Bergheim (5,232 indwallers)
* Rotter See (4,098 indwallers)
* Eschmar (3,242 indwallers)
* Kriegsdorf (2,640 indwallers)
* Altenrath (2,545 indwallers)
* Müllekoven (1,915 indwallers)

## History
In 1952, Troisdorf became a free ceety, an in 1969 the urban aurie expandit wi the annexation o the tounship o Sieglar, an the veelages Altenrath an Friedrich-Wilhelms-Hütte (tot population 1969: aboot 51,000). The first lairge dounset in this aurie goes back tae the 9t (Eschmar an Sieglar 832) an 10t (Bergheim 987) century, an the first kirks in this aurie bein biggit aroond 700 AD in Bergheim (St. Lambertus).

Aboot 9600 foreign naitionals live in Troisdorf. The twa maist numerous foreign naitional population groups are Turks (3100) an Greeks (1600). On 4 Juin 1972, Troisdorf foondit the first advisory cooncil for its foreign ceetizens in Germany. In the past years efter the revolution o 1989/1990 mony migrants frae Roushie an ither East European kintras hae settled in Troisdorf.

On 31 December 2010 Troisdorf haed accordin offeecial annooncements 76,987 indwallers. 11% o its population are foreign migrants.

Troisdorf haes a population o predominantly Christian belief, consistin o Roman Catholics, Protestants, Baptists, Jehovah's Witnesses an ither commonties, alang wi an influx o migrants o Islam, Orthodox Christianity an Jewish belief. Troisdorf is ane o the few locations in Germany whare haes been biggit a real mosque wi minaret for the Turkis commonty.

## Notable places
Europe's anerlie pictur-beuk museum is locatit in Troisdorf at the Burg Wissem castle .

## Twin ceeties
* Évry, Fraunce, syne  1972
* Genk, Belgium syne 1990
* Heidenau, Germany, syne  1990
* Redcar an Cleveland, Unitit Kinrick, syne  1990
* Corfu, Greece, syne 1996
* Nantong, Fowkrepublic o Cheenae, syne 1997
* Mušutište, Kosovo syne 2001
* Özdere, Turkey syne 2004

## Notable fowk
* Tom Buhrow, famous German news anchor
* Sabine Lisicki, German profeesional tennis player
* Rupert Neudeck, foonder o the Cap Anamur, a German humanitarian aid organisation
* Paul Schäfer, foonder Colonia Dignidad, a German sect in Chile

## References

## Freemit airtins
*
Mališevo

**Mališevo** (Albanie *Malishevë* or *Malisheva*; , *Mališevo*) is a toun an municipality in the Destrict o Prizren o central Kosovo. The toun itsel haes approximately 2,300 inhabitants while the municipality haes an estimatit 54,664 inhabitants.

## History
The aurie wis ance unner the Bajrakut o Oštrozubit an haed a lang history o successful resistance against the Ottomans. The toun wis a stranghauld for the ethnically Albanie Kosovo Leeberation Airmy durin the Kosovo War in 1998/1999. The Unitit Naitions Interim Admeenistration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) formally re-established the municipality o Mališevo in Julie 2000. Durin the war, a nummer o atrocities wur committit bi baith Albanie an Serbie forces. Ane such incident occurred in Mališevo, the execution o nae fewer than seiven Serbie men, namit the *Mališevo Massacre*. The UN-run Office on Missing Persons and Forensics began the excavations at the steid in Mey 2005.

## Demografics

## See an aw
* Subdiveesions o Kosovo

## Notes an references

**Notes:**

**References:**

## Freemit airtins
* Municipality o Mališevo
* OSCE Profile o Malishevë 
* "Serb mass grave foond in Kosovo" 15 Mey 2005
* "Kosovo government backs probe into Malisevo mass grave" 17 May 2005
Suva Reka

**Suva Reka** (, or *Theranda*; , *Suva Reka*) is a toun an municipality in the Prizren destrict o soothren Kosovo.

It is locatit 18 km fraem Prizren, an 57 km frae Pristina.

## Name

The name o the toun means "dry river" in the Serbie leid. Efter the 1999 Kosovo War, Albanies referred tae the toun as *Theranda*, the name o the auncient fortress o Theranda, locatit near Prizren.

## Demografics

## Notes an references

**Notes:**

**References:**

## See an aw
* Suva Reka massacre in 1999.
* Camp Casablanca, NATO base

## Freemit airtins

* Municipality o Suva Reka
* OSCE municipal profile o Suva Reka 
* SOK Kosovo an its population
Sao Vang Airport

**Sao Vang Airport** is an airport in Tho Xuan, Thanh Hoa Province, Vietnam, 150&nbsp;km sooth o Hanoi an 45&nbsp;km wast o Thanh Hoa Ceety. It haes a runway 3,200 metres lang bi 45m braid.
Berkaber

**Berkaber** (, Romanisit as **Berqaber**; ) is a toun in the Tavush Province o Armenie.

## References
* (as Dzhogaz)
*
*
Siegburg

**Siegburg** (i.e. *[[fort]] on the [[Sieg]] river*) is a ceety in the destrict o Rhein-Sieg-Kreis, in North Rhine-Westphalie, Germany. It is locatit on the banks o the rivers Sieg an Agger, 10 kilometres frae the umwhile caipital Bonn an 26 kilometres frae Cologne.

## History

Airchbishop Anno II o Cologne foondit a Benedictine monastery in 1064, kent as Michaelsberg Abbey, on top o the hill cried the Michaelsberg an aw. A settlement that arose frae that wis first mentioned as a ceety in 1182. Siegburg reached the hicht o its prosperity in the 15t an 16t century. It is famous for its pottery, especially for the Siegburg pitchers (*Siegburger Krüge*).

Siegburg haes been the coonty seat o the Rhein-Sieg-Kreis syne 1816.

Siegburg's synagogue wis destroyed on Kristallnacht, signalin the demise o its Jewish commonty. 



## Twin ceeties
* Nogent-sur-Marne, Fraunce
* Guarda, Portugal
* Bolesławiec, Poland
* Selçuk, Turkey
* Orestiada, Greece
* Yuzawa, Japan

## References
Vojvodina

**Vojvodina**, offeecially the **Autonomous Province o Vojvodina** (  (see Name for other languages)), is an autonomous province o Serbie, locatit in the northren pairt o the kintra, in the Pannonie Plain o Central Europe. Novi Sad is the lairgest ceety an admeenistrative centre o Vojvodina an the seicont lairgest ceety in Serbie. Vojvodina haes a population o aboot 2 million (approximately 28% o Serbie's total). It haes a multi-ethnic an multi-cultural identity, wi a nummer o mechanisms for the promotion o minority richts; thare are mair nor 26 ethnic groups in the province, which haes sax offeecial leids.

## References

### Footnotes

## Freemit airtins

*  Govrenment o the Autonomous Province o Vojvodina
Dilijan

**Dilijan** (; Romanisit as **Dilizhan**, **Dilichan**, **Dilidjan**, an **Tilichan** an aw) is a spa toun in Armenie, locatit in the northren Armenie province o Tavush. It is ane o the maist important resorts o Armenie, situatit in Dilijan Naitional Pairk. The forestit an reclusive ceety is hame tae numerous Armenie airtists, composers, an filmmakers an featurs some traditional Armenie airchitectur. The Sharambeyan street in the centre, haes been preservit an maintained as an "auld toun," complete wi craftsman's wirkshops, a gallery an a museum. Hikin, muntain bikin, an picnickin are popular recreational activities. The ceety's population is steadily declinin frae the 23,700 reportit in the 1989 census, tae 14,846 in the 2001 census, wi an estimatit 15,600 bi 2009.

## Sister an pairtner ceeties
* Pétange, Luxembourg, syne Mey 2006
* Noale, Italy, syne Julie 2011
* Udine, Italy, syne Julie 2011
* Roman, Romania, syne Mey 2012
* Aix-en-Provence, Fraunce, syne Mey 2012

## References
*
*World Gazeteer: Armenia &ndash; World-Gazetteer.com
*

## Freemit airtins

* http://www.hotels.am/Tavush/tavush_hotels.php 
* DILI VILLA B&B in Dilijan 
* Armeniapedia article on Dilijan
* Dilijan guide on Haykland
Irina Gaidamachuk

**Irina Viktorovna Gaidamachuk** () (born 1972) is a Roushie serial killer that killt 17 elderly weemen atween 2002 an 2010.

## Biography
Gaidamachuk wis born in the toun o Nyagan. At a yung age, she became addictit tae alcohol. This made her parents deprived o parental authority. Aroond 1990 she flittit tae Krasnoufimsk whaur she met a man that she haed twa bairns wi. Accordin tae her ain wirds she niver got siller frae her husband Yuri, oot o fear that thay wad spend aw the siller on alcohol.

## Murthers
The feck o the crimes wis committit in Krasnoufimsk, hame tae the killer o bairns. Similar crimes hae been committit in Yekaterinburg, Serov, Achit an Druzhinino an aw. Zloumyshlennitsa actit prudently - scored victims wi a hammer, an then changed its appearance an cleanup crimes. Initially on suspicion o committin thir crimes wis delayed anither wumman - a kynd Marina Valeeva, that initially confessed tae the murther o elderly fowk, but it wis later fand that thair confessions Valeeva gied unner pressur effect, an tae commit a crime she didna hae ocht tae dae wi.

## Court
Gaidamachuk wis chairged wi 17 coonts o murthers an 1 attemptit murther.

Forensic psychiatric examination conductit in GNTSSSP Serbsky shawed that Gaidamachuk, awtho it haes some variation in the mynd, insanity in general can no be considered. The creeminal case consists o 443 volumes.

In Februar 2012, the case wis referred tae the Gaidamachuk court. Victim status recognisit bi 21 fowk - relatives o the deceased pensioners. Despite the fact that the preliminary investigation Gaidamachuk gied a confession tae the indictment, it didnae gree tae what she did express remorse expressed an aw.

On 12 Juin 2012, she wis sentencit tae 20 years in prison.

## Footnotes
Hovk

**Hovk** (, Romanisit as **Hovk’** an **Hovq** an aw; umwhile, **Aghkikhlu** an **Samed Vurghun** atween 1978-1991) is a toun in the Tavush Province o Armenie. The toun wis renamit for a while in honor o Azeri poet an dramatist Samed Vurghun (1906-1956), winner o the Lenin Prize. 

## References

*
*
Getahovit

**Getahovit** (; till 1978, **Tala**) is a toun in the Tavush Province o Armenie.

## References

*
*World Gazeteer: Armenia &ndash; World-Gazetteer.com
*
Khashtarak

**Khashtarak** (, Romanisit as **Khasht’arrak** an **Khashtarrak** an aw) is a veelage in the Tavush Province o Armenie. Athin the veelage is a recently biggit kirk, an nearbi wast an sootheast are abandoned medieval settlements wi khachkars.

Recently, Khashtarak haes witnessed mony charitable activities applee'd bi the All-Armenia Fund. The medical centre o the veelage, the kindergarten an the public-education schuil wur aw renovatit bi the efforts o Armenie diaspora.
 
## Gallery

File:Панорама Хаштарак.jpg|Khashtarak natur
File:Cross - symbol of Khashtarak (Armenia, Tavush).jpg|Ane o the three cross-seembols o Khashtarak


## References
*
*World Gazeteer: Armenia &ndash; World-Gazetteer.com
*
Getashen

**Getashen** or **Getachen** mey refer tae:
*Getashen, Armavir, Armenie
*Getishen, Armenie
*Getazat, Armenie
*Kirants, Armenie
*Nerkin Getashen, Armenie
*Verin Getashen, Armenie
*Çaykənd, Goygol, Azerbaijan
Spitak

:*For the nearbi veelage, see [[Spitak (veelage)]].*

**Spitak** (; umwhile, **Amamth**, **Hamamlu**) is a ceety in northren Armenie locatit in the Lori Province wi a population o 18,237. It wis maistly destroyed bi the devastatin 1988 Spitak yirdquauk, an wis subsequently rebuilt in a slichtly different location. Spitak means '"White" in Armenie.

## Gallery

File:Spitak.jpg|New biggins
File:Spitak cemetery.jpeg|The metal kirk in Spitak cemetery


## See an aw
* 1988 Spitak yirdquauk

## References
*
*
*World Gazeteer: Armenia &ndash; World-Gazetteer.com
Lusadzor

:*For the veelage in Azerbaijan, see [[Dəhrəv]].* 

**Lusadzor** (; umwhile, **Khavaradzor**) is a toun in the Tavush Province o Armenie.

## References
*
*
Lusahovit

**Lusahovit** (; umwhile, **Tsrviz** an **Tsrrvis**) is a toun in the Tavush Province o Armenie.

## References
*
*

## See an aw
*Tsrvizi monastery
Tsaghkavan, Ijevan

**Tsaghkavan** (, Romansit as **Tsakhkavan** an **Tzaghkavan** an aw; umwhile, **Melikgyukh**, **Melikgekh**, an **Milikgekh**) is a toun in the Tavush Province o Armenie.

## References
*
*
Tsaghkavan

**Tsaghkavan** or **Tsakhkavan** or **Tzaghkavan** mey refer tae:

*Tsaghkavan, Ijevan, Armenie
*Tsaghkavan, Tavush, Armenie
Yenokavan

**Yenokavan** (, Romanisit as **Enoqavan** an aw; till 1935, **Krdevan**) is a veelage in the Tavush Province o Armenie. The veelage wis renamit in 1935 in honor o Yenok Mkrtumian, who foondit the first Communist pairty cell in the region.

The veelage is a few kilometres north o the regional caipital o Ijevan, close tae the main heich-gate. The canyon ahint the veelage is lush wi forest, river an haes caves wi interestin carvins http://www.armeniapedia.org/index.php?title=Yenokavan_Village.

## References

*
*
Akner

**Akner** mey refer tae:
* Akner, Lori, Armenie
* Akner, Syunik, Armenie
* Akner monastery, Turkey

## See an aw
* *[[Ackner]]*
Vazashen

**Vazashen** () is a toun in the Tavush Province o Armenie.  It is the steid o auncient Xałxał (), whare Vardan Mamikonian wan his first militar victory. Till recently, it wis kent as Lala Geł (), then Lali Gyuł ().  The name o Vazashen wis chosen tae reflect the local vineyard production ( an ).

## References

*
*
Aravus

:*For the ither commonty cried Aravus an aw, see [[Arevis]].*

**Aravus** () is a veelage an rural commonty (municipality) in the Syunik Province o Armenie.  The Naitional Statistical Service o the Republic o Armenie (ARMSTAT) reportit its population as 227 in 2010, up frae 168 at the 2001 census.

## References