Sant Adrià de Besòs

**Sant Adrià de Besòs** () is a ceety an a municipality athin the comarca o Barcelonès in Catalonie, north-eastren Spain. It is situatit on the Mediterranean coast, at the mooth o river Besòs, extendin tae baith sides o the estuar awtho the oreeginal dounset wi the pairish kirk lees on the left bank o the river, in the northren pairt o toun. Sant Adrià is the smawest municipality o Barcelonès an haes close tees wi the neebouring ceeties o Barcelona, Badalona an Santa Coloma de Gramenet, shapin a uniform urban area athin Barcelona metropolitan aurie.

The municipality straddles major transportation netwirks an is servit bi several modes o public transport. Sant Adrià is currently a toun dominatit bi the service sector, but wi a diverse manufacturin sector (especially in the auries o metal-wirk, chemistry, an construction) consistin maistly o middlin-sizit companies. Historically, it haes experiencit several massive migration flows attractit bi the important industrialisation o the aurie during the last hunderyear an haes been subject o various major urban redevelopments. In 2004, Sant Adrià de Besòs wis pairt o the Universal Forum of Cultures.

## History
The oreegins o the toun are linkit tae the pairish kirk o Sant Adrià de Besòs, which wis referred tae in 1012, whaur in aboot 1092 a priory o Augustinian monks, dependants o Sant Ruf d'Avinyo, wis foondit. Saunt Olegarius (San José María de Porcioles) came tae this priory frae 1095 tae 1108 afore becomin the bishop o Barcelona an, later, the airchbishop o Tarragona. In 1127 the priory wis muivit tae Santa Maria de Terrassa. Surroondin this kirk, upon a smaw hill fowerteen metres heich, tae the wast o the River Besòs, is the nucleus o the oreeginal veelage.

## Transport
Gien its proximity tae the ceety o Barcelona, Sant Adrià de Besòs is well servit bi road, rail an mony ither shapes o public transport, becomin a important pairt o the transportation netwirk in Barcelona metropolitan aurie. The ceety haes aye been an economically unprivilegit toun an a really dense aurie, an it remained indifferent tae the establishment an the impruivement o public transport aroond Barcelona for mony years, but the recent development in public infrastructurs an urban renewals haes brocht substantial transport impruivement, especially in the shape o tram services.

C-31 heich-gate comes directly frae Plaça de les Glòries Catalanes in Barcelona tae Mataró an intersects perpendicularly wi Ronda del Litoral (B-10 motorwey) in the middle o toun, shapin a major heich-gate interchynge, an allouin B-10 tae be linkit wi Ronda de Dalt (B-20 motorwey) at Nus de la Trinitat, anither major heich-gate interchynge in northern Barcelona. Ither main roads servin Sant Adrià include the naitional route N-II parallel tae Maresme's coastline an the local road BV-5001 towards Montornès del Vallès an La Roca del Vallès, crossin the northren pairt o the municipality.

Public transportation netwirk is mainly componit o several urban an interurban bus routes that provide a guid internal connection athin the municipality as well as the connection o the ceety tae ither nearbi ceeties athin the comarca. Currently, 16 bus routes run throu the municipality, 5 o thaim are local bus routes operatit bi Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona (TMB) tae an frae Barcelona, 8 are interurban routes athin Barcelonès, an 3 are nicht routes. Wi regard tae rail transport modes, Trambesòs is the maist prominent transport seestem in Sant Adrià which comprises 7 stops athin the municipality servit bi aw its routes, linkin the ceety tae the destrict o Sant Martí up tae Parc de la Ciutadella in Barcelona. Maresme Line runs throu the ceety an aw wi Sant Adrià de Besòs railwey station as the anerly stop o the line in toun which lees in the eastren pairt o Sant Adrià an is servit bi Rodalies de Catalunya commuter rail line R1. Verneda is the anly Barcelona Metro station offeecially locatit in the municipality, but Artigues – Sant Adrià station is as its name says meant tae serve Sant Adrià de Besòs an aw acause awtho bein locatit in Badalona, it is juist a few meters frae the ceety limits.

## Places o interest
* **[[History o Immigration in Catalonie Museum]]** (MhiC): This museum aims tae analyse the history o the migratory processes relatit tae Catalonie, mainly frae the Iberian Peninsula. It comprises a haw for temporar exhibitions as well as a documentation centre, a virtual museum an *El Sevillano*, a restorit passenger railcaur uised durin the 1950s an 1960s bi mony immigrants tae get tae Barcelona frae soothren Spain.
* **Pairish Kirk o Sant Adrià de Besòs**: Biggit during the 1940s, this church consists of a biggin wi a brick veneer façade, an a lairge nave which haes chapels on each side, a semicircular apse an a dome. The façade is flankit bi twa touers, o which the heichest ane is the bell touer.
* **Air-raid shelter**: The air-raid shelter o Francesc Macià Square (RapM) is ane o the fower public air-raid shelters biggit durin the Spainyie Ceevil War in the ceety. It is situatit unner Francesc Macià Square an vera close tae the umwhile textile factory Industrial Baurier syne factories wur militar targets. This air-raid shelter haed capacity for 80 or 100 fowk an it wis feenished biggin in August 1938 but wis no closed bi the Franco regime till Mairch 1939. It wis reopened on 11 September 2006 efter rehabilitation an it wis no turned intae a museum till 27 Januar 2008. Currently, the RapM is dividit intae five exhibition spaces wi a entrance haw, an is designed as a teachin tuil tae think ower the Ceevil War an the post-war in Sant Adrià.

## Climate

## Demografie

## Photo gallery

File:Localització de Sant Adrià de Besòs respecte del Barcelonès.svg|Location o the municipality o Sant Adrià de Besòs athin the comarca o Barcelonès heichlichtit in blue.
File:SantAdria_01.jpg|Oreeginal portal o the Carmelite Convent o Barcelona datit frae the 14t hunderyear. Syne 1993, it is situatit in Sant Adrià as if it wis a monument which is locally kent as *Arc de Sant Adrià*.
File:SantAdria_03.jpg|Main façade o the Pairish Kirk o Sant Adrià an the square namit efter the kirk whaur it is situatit.
File:Rbesos01.jpg|View o the river Besòs as it passes throu the municipality. In the later course o the river the "Riverside Pairk o Besòs" wis creatit an haes become a important public open space.
File:BCN-ParcForum-4923.jpg|Bird's-eye view o the Fòrum Pairk. It wis biggit for the 2004 Universal Forum of Cultures an lees atween the ceeties o Barcelona an Sant Adrià.
File:Central_Termica_Badalona.jpg|The three chimneys o the nouadays closed Besòs pouer termal station hae become a icon for the ceety. In 2008, the ceetizens o Sant Adrià decidit tae keep thaim in a referendum.


## References

## Freemit airtins

*   
* Interactive map of Sant Adrià de Besòs  
* Sant Adrià de Besòs entry at Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya
* Map o the municipality  at Hipermapa (Atles Electrònic de Catalunya)
* La Mina Neebourheid Consortium 
* La Mina Neighbourhood social wab portal