open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Al Butnan Destrict

**Al Butnan** ( *Al Buṭnān*) sometimes cried *Tubruq Destrict* or *Tobruk Destrict* frae the umwhile name, occasionally *[[Marmarica]]*, is an admeenistrative destrict (shabiyah) in eastren Libie.  Its caipital ceety is Tobruk.

In the north, Al Butnan haes a shoreline on the Mediterranean Sea.  Tae the east, it borders Egyp's Matruh Govrenorate, alang wi a sma border on the Al Wadi al Jadid Govrenorate in the far sootheast.  Domestically, it borders the follaein destricts:
*Darnah -  northwast
*Al Wahat - wast an sooth

The most important settlements are Tobruk, Al-Jaghbub an Bardia

## History
Traditionally pairt o Marmarica, an later pairt o the province o Cyrenaica in Italian Libie, wi the diveesion o Libie intae ten govrenorates in 1963, Al Butnan became pairt o the Darnah Govrenorate. 
In 1983 the Darnah Govrenorate wis dividit intae a number o ''baladiyat'' (destricts), wi wha is nou Al Butnan being includit in the Tobruk baladiyah an ithers. Al Butnan Destrict wis creatit in 1988 as ane o the twinty-five reorganized baladiyat. In 1995, Al Butnan wis ane o the thirteen new *[[shabiyah]]*, an Al Butnan retained its status through the reorganizations o 1998, 2001 an 2007.

In 2007 the umwhile autonomous ceety o Al-Jaghbub became pairt o Al Butnan Destrict.

## Places
*Acroma, `Akramah, ‘Ikrimah, or ‘Akramah
* Al `Adam
*Al Ashhab
*Bardia, Al Bardiyah, Al Burdi, Al Bardīyah, Bardīyah, Al Bardiyah, Petras Maior, Bórdi Slemán, or Bordi Sleman
*Al-Jaghbub, or El-Giagbub
*Al Qa`rah
*Al Qardabah
*Al `Adam, El Adem, Al ‘Adam, Al `Adm, or Al ‘Aḑm
*Az Zawiyah
*Bi'r al Ashhab
*Kambut, Gasr Cambut, Gasr Gambut, Qaşr Kunbūth, Gasr Cambút, Kambūt, Gambut, or Qasr Kunbuth
*Madinat Bayad
*Musa`id, Fort Musaid, Imsaad, or Amsaad
*Nuqtat al Khattabiyah
*Qaryat `Ayt Zaydan, Qaryat ‘Ayt Zaydān, Qaryat ‘Īt Zaydān, or Qaryat `It Zaydan
*Qaryat al `Imamah, Qaryat al ‘Amāmah,Qaryat al `Amamah,Qaryat al ‘Imāmah
*Qaryat at Tayrah
*Qasr al Jady, Qaşr al Jady, Qasr al Jadi, or Qaşr al Jadī
* Suq al `Ajaj
*Tobruk
* Zawiyat Umm Rukbah 
* Zawiyat Zanzur 
* Zawiyat al Manastir 
* Zawiyat al Murassas

## References
East Jerusalem

**East Jerusalem** is a ceety in the Middle East. It includes Jerusalem's Auld Ceety an some o the holiest steids o Judaism, Christianity, an Islam, such as the Temple Munt, Wastren Waw, Al-Aqsa Mosque, an the Kirk o the Holy Sepulchre. It is the proclaimed caipital o the Palestine although Ramallah serves as the admeenistrative caipital. 

## Sister ceety
*  Fes, Morocco (syne 1982)
## Notes
Riyadh Region

The **Riyadh Province** ( ** ) is a province o Saudi Arabie, cried ( Al-Wosta) an aw, locatit in the centre o the kintra. It haes an aurie o 412,000&nbsp;km² an a population o 5,455,363 (2004), makin it the seicont lairgest province in terms o baith aurie (ahint the Eastren Province) an population (ahint Makkah Province).  Its caipital is the ceity o Riyadh, which is the naitional caipital an aw.

## Demographics
Mair nor 75% o the population of the province resides athin Riyadh.  Accordin tae the 2004 census, 1,728,840 o the province's population is non-Saudi (approximately 31%), wi 1,444,500 o those livin athin the provincial caipital, Riyadh.

## Govrenorates
In addition tae the Municipality o Riyadh, the province is dividit into 19 govrenorates (*muhafazat*) an 1 sub-govrenorate (*markaz*):

* Dir'iyyah
* Al-Kharj
* Al-Muzahmiyyah
* Dhruma
* Shagra
* Al Majma'ah
* al-Ghat
* al-Zilfi
* Rumah
* 'Afif
* al-Duwadmi
* Huraymla
* Thadig
* Hotat Bani Tamim
* al-Hareeg
* al-Gway'iyyah
* al-Aflaj
* al-Sulayyil
* Wadi ad-Dawasir
* The sub-govrenorate (*markaz*) o Marat, which is tee'd directly tae the Municipality o Riyadh.

## Destricts
* Al-Suwaidi
Al-Olaya
Al-Mursalat
Al-Maseef
Al-woroud

## Modren History o Riyadh Province an Saudi Arabie

## Govrenment
*Govrenor Prince Salman bin Abdul-Aziz Al Saud
*Deputy Govrenor Prince Sattam bin Abdul-Aziz Al Saud

## Freemit airtins
*Riyadh Principality 
*Riyadh Principality  
* A travel through the province of Riyadh, A travel steid wi photos an routes
*Offeecial Saudi census figures frae 2004: http://www.cdsi.gov.sa/showproductstandard.aspx?lid=25&pid=1557  http://www.cdsi.gov.sa/showproductstandard.aspx?lid=25&pid=1564
Makkah Province

The **Makkah Province** ( *Makkah al-Mukarramah*) is the maist muckle province o Saudi Arabie. It is locatit in the wastren Saudi Arabie an haes an extendit coastline. It haes an aurie o 164,000&nbsp;km² an a population o 5,797,971 (2004 census). Its caipital is the saucrit ceety o Mecca an its lairgest ceety is Jeddah, which is an aa Saudi Arabie's main port ceety.

## Govrenors
* Prince Mishaal (1963-1971)
* Prince Fawwaz (1971- 1980)
* Prince Majid bin Abdul-Aziz (1980-1999)
* Prince Abdul-Majeed (1999-2007)
* Prince Khalid Al-Faisal (2007 - Present)

## Govrenorates
The province is dividit intae 12 govrenorates (wi 2004 Census populations):
* Al-Jmumum (76,026)
* Al-Kamil (18,468)
* Al-Khurmah (38,600)
* Al-Lith (109,953)
* Al Qunfidhah (240,944)
* Ta'if (883,538)
* Jeddah (2,821,371)
* Khulays (49,919)
* Makkah Al-Mukarramah (1,402,944)
* Rabigh (68,538)
* Ranyah (44,229)
* Turubah (42,654)

## Freemit airtins
* Emirate o Mecca Province  Offeecial wabsteid
* A travel through the province o Mecca, Splendid Arabia: A traivel steid wi photos an routes
* Umm Al Qura University in Mecca
Al Madinah Province

The **Madinah Province** ( *Al-Madīnah al-Munawarah*) is a province o Saudi Arabie, locatit on the kintra's wast side, alang the Red Sea coast. It haes an aurie o 151,990&nbsp;km² an a population o 1,512,724 (2004 Census), subdividit intae 7 govrenorates (''muḥafaẓat''):

Its caipital is the saucrit ceety o Medina. Ither touns include Yanbu' al Bahr an Badr Hunayn.

## Govrenors
*Abdul-Majeed bin Abdul-Aziz (1986-1999)
*Muqrin bin Abdul-Aziz (1999-2005)
*Abdul-Aziz bin Majid (2005-)

The govrenor o the province is Prince Abdul-Aziz bin Majid, a grandson o the foonder o Saudi Arabie, Keeng Abdul-Aziz.

## Freemit airtins
*Emirate o Al Madinah  Offeecial wabsteid

## References
Eastren Province, Saudi Arabie

The **Eastren Province** () is the lairgest province o Saudi Arabie, locatit in the east o the kintra on the Persian Gulf coast, an haes land borders wi Kuwait, Qatar, the Unitit Arab Emirates, Oman, an Yemen. It haes an aurie o 710,000 km² an a population o 3,360,157 (2004 census). Its caipital is Dammam, an its govrenor is Prince Mohammed bin Fahd bin Abdul Aziz al-Saud.

## Geography
Adjacent tae Ad-Dammam is Al-Khobar, a commercial center an a vibrant seaport. The King Fahd Causeway, completit in 1986, links the Eastren Province tae neighborin island kintra o Bahrain.

The gateway tae the province is King Fahd International Airport, the lairgest airport in the warld in terms o land aurie.

The soothren pairt o the province, wi mair nor hauf o the aurie, belangs tae the lairgely uninhabitit Rub' al Khali (Empty Quarter) desert.

## History

The Saudis gained control o the aurie efter the collapse o the Ottoman Empire. The inhabitit auries haed been kent as **[[Al-Hasa|Al-Ahsa]]** (الأحساء) unner Ottoman rule, an the entire region wis maistly kent as **[[Bahrain (historical region)|Bahrain]]** (البحرين) frae pre-Islamic times till 1521. Mony Saudi history beuks/airticles caw the Eastren Province **Hasa an Qatif** (الأحساء و القطيف) acause the maist famous auncient ceeties in it are Qatif an Al-Hasa.  Maist ither ceeties—notably Dammam an Khobar—wur built in the 20t century.

## Economy

Saudi Aramco, the state-awned ile producin company o Saudi Arabie, is based in Dhahran, which is locatit in the Eastren Province, an maist decisions on ile policy an production that affect the global economy are made there. The kinrick's main ile an gas fields are maistly locatit in the Eastren Province, onshore an affshore.  Notable amang these are the ghawar ilefield an the lairgest crude increment in the warld.  Petroleum frae the fields is shipped tae dozens o kintras frae the ile port o Ras Tanura an is an aa uised as feedstock in numerous industrial plants in Jubail.

Saudi Arabia's seicont major product, dates, an aa forms a lairge pairt o Eastren Province's economy. Ivery year thoosans o tonnes o dates are harvestit frae the date palms in the giant oases o Al-Ahsa an Qatif.

## Admeenistrative deevisions
### Leet o Ceeties
*Al-Hassa (); in addition tae the traditional oasis, the region an aa includes the giant Empty Quarter desert, makin it the lairgest region in Saudi Arabie in terms o aurie.
*Abqaiq (**بقيق**)
*Jubail (**الجبيل**)
*Ras Tanura (**رأس تنورة**)
*Qatif (**القطيف**)
*Saihat  (**سيهات**)
*Tarut Island (**جزيرة تاروت**)
*Safwa (**صفوى**)
*Awamia (**العوامية**)
*Khobar (**الخبر**)
*Dhahran (**الظهران**)
*Dammam (**الدمام**)
*Hafar Al-Batin (**حفر الباطن**)
*Khafji (**الخفجي**)
*No'ayriyah (**النعيرية**)

## See an aa
*Provinces o Saudi Arabie
*Al-Hasa
*Qatif
*Hafar Al-Batin
*Bahrain (historical region)
*Saudi Aramco
*Empty Quarter
*King Khalid Military City
*Shi'a Islam in Saudi Arabia

## External links
*Eastern Province Emirate official website  
*Central Department of Statistics and Informations
Sooth Atlantic Peace an Cooperation Zone

The **Sooth Atlantic Peace an Cooperation Zone** (abbreviation: **ZPCAS**; ; ; cried the *Zone o Peace an Cooperation o the Sooth Atlantic* an aw) wis creatit in 1986 throu a UN resolution on Brazil's initiative, wi the aim o promotin regional cooperation an the maintenance o peace an security in the region. Particular attention wis dedicatit tae the quaisten o preventin the geographical proliferation o nuclear weapons an o reducin an eventually eliminatin the military presence o kintras frae ither regions.

A Declaration on the Denuclearization o the Sooth Atlantic wis adoptit at a meetin o member states o the zone held at Brasília in September 1994. The U.N. General Assembly endorsed this but the U.S., U.K., an Fraunce wur opposed.
Aw o the states in the Zone are nou covered bi the African Nuclear Weapons Free Zone Treaty which extends tae aw African kintras' territorial waters or the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean which extends tae islands as far east as the 20t meridian wast, while the far sooth Atlantic (pairt o the Soothren Ocean) is denuclearized bi the Antarctic Treaty.
Housomeivver, several Mid-Atlantic Rig islands, the Breetish owerseas territory o Saunt Helena an its dependencies Ascension Island an Tristan da Cunha, an Norawa's Bouvet Island are no covered bi ony o those three treaties.
Bnei Aish

**Bnei Ayish** (), pop. 7,600, is a toun (local cooncil), in the Center Destrict o Israel, aboot ten km frae Ashdod an borderin Gedera.

## History
Bnei Ayish oreeginally served as a transit camp for immigrants frae Yemen in the early 1950s. Afore Israeli unthirldom, the aurie haed served as a military base for Breetish Airmy troops durin the Breetish Mandate o Palestine. The day its population is amaist entirely made up o Jews o Yemenite strynd an immigrants frae the umwhile Soviet Union.

Bnei Ayish, meanin Sons o Ayish, is named efter Rabbi Akiva Yosef Schlezinger, whose name is abbreviatit tae Ayish.
Binyamina-Giv'at Ada

**Binyamina-Giv'at Ada**  () is a toun in the Haifa Destrict o Israel. It is the result o the 2003 merger atween the twa local cooncils o Binyamina an Giv'at Ada. Accordin tae the Israel Central Bureau o Statistics (CBS), the population o Binyamina-Giv'at Ada wis 12,000 at the end o 2009.  Prior tae the merger, the population o Binyamina wis 6,600.

## History
### Binyamina
Binyamina wis foondit in 1922 an named efter the Baron Edmond Benjamin James de Rothschild. Accordin tae the Jewish National Fund, Binyamina wis foondit on PICA land bi members o the Third Aliyah.  The oreeginal economy o the veelage wis citrus-based.  In 1947, Binyamina haed a population o 2000.

### Givat Ada

Givat Ada, named for Baron Edmond James de Rothschild's 's wife Adelaid (Ada), wis established in 1903 bi aicht families frae Zichron Ya'akov. Givat Ada wis established as an agricultural dounset. The main fermin branches wur field crops an vegetables, an later, grapes.

## Economy
The Tishbi Winery, foondit bi Jonathan Tishbi, wis established in Binyamina in 1985. The winery nou produces ane million bottles annually. Plans hae been drawn up tae big a  wine pairk on the slopes atween Binyamina an Zichron Ya'akov tae promote wine tourism in Israel.

## Transport
The busy Israel Railways Binyamina Railway Station is the last stap on the Binyamina-Tel Aviv suburban line an a transfer pynt on the Tel Aviv-Haifa interceety line which maks it a transportation hub for the aurie. A direct non-stap train frae Binyamina reaches Tel Aviv or Haifa in 30 minutes.

## Notable residents
Binyamina is the birthplace o the Israeli sangwriter Ehud Manor, an is referenced in a nummer o his sangs. It is an aa the birthplace o umwhile Israeli Prime Meenister Ehud Olmert.

## Sister ceeties
* Tokaj, Hungary

## References
Even Yehuda

**Even Yehuda** () is a toun in the central Sharon region o Israel wast o Netanya. In 2011, Even Yehuda haed a population o 12,000.
## History
Even Yehuda is named for Eliezer Ben-Yehuda, ane o the leadin figures in the revival o the Ebreu leid. It wis foondit in December 1932 bi the Bnei Benyamin society an the Notea corporation. The economy wis based on citrus growin. 
## Geography
Even Yehuda is bordered on the east bi Kadima an Tel Mond, on the north bi Lev HaSharon an on the wast bi Netanya. Hof HaSharon lies tae the sooth.

## Schuils
In 2007, the Walworth Barbour American Internaitional Schuil (WBAIS) muived tae a new campus in Even Yehuda.

## References
Elyakhin

**Elyakhin** () is a toun (local cooncil) in the Central Destrict o Israel. It is locatit juist sooth o Hadera an borders the Emek Hefer Regional Cooncil. It is accessible bi local road 5812. Elyakhin's population at the end o 2008 wis 2,900, an its jurisdiction wis 1,600 dunams.

## History
Elyakhin wis foondit in 1950 as a *[[ma'abarot|ma'abara]]* near the ruins o the Arab veelage al-Zalafa. It haes a seembolic name, meanin "God will prepare", i.e. God prepared the land for the dounset o *[[Aliyah|olim]]*.

## Geography an structure
Elyakhin is bordered bi Hadera in the north an the Hefer Valley Regional Cooncil in the sooth. The adjacent veelages in the regional cooncil are Herev Le'et, Hibat Tzion an Givat Haim (Ihud). Elyakhin's average elevation is 30 m.

Elyakhin consists o the eastren pairt o the toun, as well as three wastren neighborhuids - HaAlonim, HaShikmim an HaOranim.

## Public structures
Elyakhin haes 11 synagogues, five o which are adjacent an locatit in the centre o the toun. Three mair are locatit on the sides o HaBanim Pairk on the eastren pairt.

Elyakhin an aa haes a community centre an public leebrar in the toon's center.

## References
Kiryat Ekron

**Kiryat Ekron** or **Qiryath Eqron** is an Israeli toun locatit on the coastal plain in the Central Region o Israel. Kiryat Ekron is named efter the biblical Ekron, a major Philistine ceety that ance existit at nearby Tel Mikne.

## History
Kiryat Ekron wis foondit in 1948, as Kfar Ekron, at the steid o the Arab veelage Aqir, that wis destroyed durin the Israeli war o unthirldom. Efter the war, new immigrants frae Bulgarie an Yemen settled in the remainin hooses. In November 1948, twa ma'abarot wur established on the veelage's lands; the Aqir ma'abara, an the Givat Brenner ma'abara. In 1953, the Aqir ma'abara wis offeecially made pairt o Kfar Ekron, follaed bi the Givat Brenner ma'abara in 1955. Frae 1954 tae 1963, Kfar Ekron belanged tae the Givat Brenner regional cooncil. In 1963, the name o the toun wis chyngit tae Kiryat Ekron, an it became an independent local municipality.

## Demographics
Accordin tae the Israeli Central Bureau o Statistics the population o Kiryat Ekron wis 9800 in 2004. The average monthly wage in the year 2000 accordin tae the bureau o statistics wis ₪4296 (Israeli new shekels) wi the naitional average bein ₪6835. The population wis 99% Jewish an haed a 1:1 male tae female ratio.

## Geography
Kiryat Ekron is situatit immediately sooth o the ceety o Rehovot on Heich-gate 411 next tae the Bilu Junction. The lairgest commercial centre in Israel - "Bilu Centre" is locatit in Kiryat Ekron. The centre wis biggit up in the late 1990s on land that wis umwhile agricultural, pairticularly citrus groves. Attempts tae unite Kiryat Ekron wi the hintle lairger municipality o Rehovot in 2003 failed efter popular protest frae the Ekronites, as did seemilar attempts tae unite Kiryat Ekron's municipality wi that o the toun o Mazkeret Batya due tae opposition frae the smawer toun's residents the same year.
(Mazkeret Batya wis oreeginally cried Ekron, when foondit in 1880's. Its name wis chyngit tae Mazkeret Batya in 1887).

A sma suburban toun, Kiryat Ekron is a 10-20 minute drive frae the Trans Israel Heich-gate an Heich-gate 1 an locatit approximately 23 kilometres Sooth East frae Tel Aviv an 40&nbsp;km Wast o Jerusalem.

## Sister ceeties
Kiryat Ekron haes a sister ceety, as designatit bi the Sister Cities International:

## Famous residents
Kiryat Ekron wis hame tae Dudu Aharon a famous Israeli muisicker, Aharon grew up an learnt tae sing in the toun.

## Freemit airtins
* 

## References
Savyon

**Savyon** () is a local cooncil in the Central Destrict o Israel, borderin the ceeties o Kiryat Ono, Petah Tikva, an Yehud. Ranked 10/10 on the Israeli socio-economic scale, it is ane o the walthiest municipalities in Israel, bein baith famous an infamous for it. In December 2009, Savyon haed a population o 3,400.

Savyon wis foondit in 1955 bi Africa Israel Investments for senior immigrants frae Sooth Africae. It teuk the name o a common wildflower, awtho the first pairt o its name (*sav*) means "grandfaither", which wis appropriate for the residents o the time. The day, Savyon hooses a younger population.

In 2004, the moshav Ganei Yehuda () wis merged intae Savyon.

## Notable residents
*Mikhail Chernoy—entrepreneur
*Gilad Erdan -- Israeli Meenister o Environmental Protection.

## References
Kafr Bara

**Kafr Bara** or **Kfar Bara** (; ) is an Israeli-Arab local cooncil in Israel's Center Destrict. The sma toun, locatit near the Green Line, is aften considered a pairt o the Little Triangle alang wi Kafr Qasim an Jaljulia.

## History
In 1596, Kafr Bara appeared in Ottoman tax registers as bein in the *[[Nahiya]]* o Jabal Qubal o the *[[Liwa (Arabic)|Liwa]]* o Nablus.  It haed a population o 20 Muslim hoosehaulds. It paid taxes on wheat, barley, simmercrops, an goats or beehives.

## See an aa
*Leet o Arab localities in Israel

## References
Gan Raveh Regional Cooncil

**Gan Raveh Regional Cooncil** (, *Mo'atza Azorit Gan Raveh*) is a regional cooncil in the Central Destrict o Israel. The cooncil's aurie o jurisdiction extends tae aicht 
settlements: a kibbutz, sax moshavim an a youth veelage. In 2006, the tot population wis 5,000. The cooncil serves  Ayanot, Beit Hanan, Beit Oved, Ge'alya, Gan Sorek, Kfar HaNagid, Neta'im an Palmachim.

The heid o the local cooncil is Shlomo Elimelech.

## References

## Freemit airtins
*Offeecial wabsteid
Kokhav Ya'ir

**Kokhav Ya'ir-Tzur Yigal** (, an aw **Kochav Yair-Tzur Yigal**) is a toun (local cooncil) in the Central Destrict o Israel. Kokhav Ya'ir an the neighbourin toun o Tzur Yigal () merged in November 2003. Thegither, the population in 2008 wis 11,050.

## History
Kochav Ya'ir wis established in 1981 bi 15 families livin in temporary quarters. Twa years later, wirk began on infrastructur for a permanent toun. In 1986, 550 families muivit intae permanent hoosin an the toun wis offeecially foondit. Tzur Yigal wis foondit in 1991, wi the first families muivin intae permanent hames in the simmer o 1994.

## Etymology
Kokhav Ya'ir (literally "Ya'ir's starn") wis named for Abraham Stern, who went bi the alias Ya'ir, the foonder an leader o the Lehi group, a militant Jewish underground active durin the Breetish Mandate o Palestine. *Stern* is an aa German for "starn." Tzur Yigal (literally "Yigal's rock") wis named for Israeli Knesset member Yigal Cohen.

## Demography
Kokhav Ya'ir is predominantly Jewish, wi a heich income level. Kokhav Yair is a secular community wi a releegious minority. Releegious tensions are virtually non-existent. Residents frae Inglis speakin kintras comprise approximately 20% o the population.

## Geography

Kochav Ya'ir is locatit at lat. 32° 00' N, lang. 35° 00' E, approximately 7 kilometres (4.3&nbsp;mi) north-north-east o the ceety o Kefar Sava. Neighbourin the municipality on its sooth-wast mairch is Kibbutz Eyal, approximately  2 kilometres (1.2&nbsp;mi) north-wast is the Israeli Arab ceety o Tira an approximately 1 kilometre (0.62&nbsp;mi) sooth is the Palestinian ceety o Qalqilyah. Kochav Yair is locatit in central Israel athin the Green Line in the soothren Sharon region. Kochav Ya'ir is 95 meters abuin sea level.
The Sapir Lookout in Kokhav Ya'ir attracts bird watchers who come tae observe the semi-annual migration o mony species o birds.

## Education an sports

Kokhav Ya'ir currently haes fower schuils, twa secular elementary schuils ('Keshet' an 'Nof Tzurim'), ane releegious elementary schuil ('Dekel') an ane middle schuil ('Ramon', named efter the Astronaut Ilan Ramon). Efter feenishin middle schuil students are uisually directit tae heichschuils in Raanana, Kfar Sava an Herzliya.
Kokhav Ya'ir's local basketba team, Elitzur Kokhav Ya'ir, haes been a member o the Israel Naitional Basketball League syne 2008.

## Notable residents
*Ehud Barak
*Shaul Mofaz
*Michael Eitan
*Dani Yatom
*Gideon Ezra
*Michael Ratzon
*Uzi Dayan

## References

## Freemit airtins
*Kochav Ya'ir's municipality steid  (in Ebreu)
*Kochav Yair's synagogue wab steid (in Ebreu)
Mazkeret Batya

**Mazkeret Batya** () (lit. "Batya Memorial") is a toun in the centre o Israel locatit sootheast o Rehovot an 25 kilometres (16&nbsp;mi) frae Tel-Aviv. Mazkeret Batya spans an aurie o 7,440 dunams (7&nbsp;km²). In December 2008, it haed a population o 9,900. The mayor o Mazkeret Batya is Meir Dahan.

## History
Mazkeret Batya wis established on November 7, 1883 bi 10 pioneers frae Roushie an 7 local Jews. It wis oreeginally cried Ekron, the first agricultural dounset o the Hovevei Zion muivement. The land wis purchased bi Baron Edmond James de Rothschild in an early attempt tae introduce Jewish fermin in Palestine. Rabbi Shmuel Mohilever wis instrumental in mobilizin fundin an organizin the settlers. Mohilever's remains wur later reinterred in the Mazkeret Batya cemetery. In 1887 the name wis chyngit tae Mazkeret Batya, in memory o Betty Solomon de Rothschild, mither o Baron Edmond James de Rothschild.

The economy o the veelage wis oreeginally based on dry fermin, which continued even efter the Mekorot Company constructit a pipeline tae bring watter frae Rehovot.  In 1947, Mazkeret Batya wis hame tae 475 fowk.

Durin the Mandate era, a Jewish police station wis established in Mazkeret Batya tae safeguard the local roads. In the War o Unthirldom, convoys tae besieged Jerusalem left frae Mazkeret Batya. A field hospital operatit thare tae care for Haganah fechters woondit at Latrun.

Accordin tae ane soorce, at the end o the Breetish Mandate for Palestine, the Breetish tried tae haund the nearbi Aqir airfield an camp tae the Palestinian Arabs, apparently athoot success.

## The day
Due tae its proximity tae Tel Aviv, Mazkeret Batya haes recently experienced a growthe spurt. Mazkeret Batya is a mixed community o releegious an secular Jews. Historic laundmerks include Beit Ha'Itut (Signal House), the Great Synagogue, Beit Meshek HaBaron, the waterwheel an well, the reservoir an an auld fermyard.

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns — Sister ceeties
Mazkeret Batya is twinned wi:
* Celle, Germany
*  Calgary, Canadae
*  Meudon, Fraunce

## References

## Freemit airtins
*The "Gesher" community o Mazkeret Batya  
*Kehila Datit o Mazkeret Batya
Pardesiya

**Pardesiya** () is a toun (local cooncil) in the Central Destrict o Israel. It is locatit on the Sharon plain, atween Kfar Yona an the Lev HaSharon Regional Cooncil. It wis foondit atween 1937 an 1939. Its population in 2007 wis 6,200, an its jurisdiction is 1,273 dunams (~1.3&nbsp;km2)

## History
The lands o Pardesiya wur purchased in 1928 bi Jean-Yona Fisher, but remained unuised. In 1937, Avraham Tabib o the Yemenite *[[Aliyah|olim]]* organization asked its members tae come tae the land tae big a veelage, promisin cheap land. Twinty families came an in 1939 completit the construction. Durin Warld War II, the veelagers foond thairseles unemployed an unable tae pey taxes for thair hoosin. The residents managed tae settle the issue wi the Jewish Agency for Israel an continued livin in the veelage. Efter the war, a new neighborhuid wis biggit, as well as a *[[ma'abarot|ma'abara]]* tae absorb new immigrants. Pardesiya gained local cooncil status in 1952.

## Geography an location
Pardesiya is locatit on the Sharon plain, borderin Kfar Yona on the east an Tzur Moshe o the Lev HaSharon Regional Cooncil. Heich-gate 4 borders the toun tae the wast, an Road 5613 tae the sooth. Its elevation is 35 m abuin sea level.

## Demographics
As o 2008, Pardesiya settles 6,318 residents. 99.5% Jewish, wi an additional 0.5% bein ither non-Arabs. The age distribution wis as follaes:

## Internaitional relations
Pardesiya's twin ceeties:
*Viersen, Germany
*Peterborough, Ingland

## References

## Freemit airtins
*
Gederot Regional Cooncil

**Gederot Regional Cooncil** (, *Mo'atza Azorit Gderot*) is a regional cooncil in the Central Destrict o Israel. It is locatit atween Ashdod, Yavne an Gedera an covers an aurie o 13,000 dunams. Foondit in 1953, its population is 4,200.

It borders on Brenner Regional Cooncil tae the north, Hevel Yavne Regional Cooncil tae the wast, Be'er Tuvia Regional Cooncil an Gan Yavne tae the sooth, an the ceety o Gedera tae the east.

## Leet o settlements
The cooncil covers sax moshavim an ane communal settlement:
*Aseret (communal settlement)
*Gan HaDarom (moshav)
*Kfar Aviv (moshav)
*Kfar Mordechai (moshav)
*Meishar (moshav)
*Misgav Dov (moshav)
*Shdema (moshav)

## Freemit airtins
*Offeecial wabsteid
Gezer Regional Cooncil

**Gezer Regional Cooncil** (, *Mo'atza Azorit Gezer*) is a regional cooncil in the Central Destrict o Israel. Established in 1949, it haed a population o 20,700 in 2006.

## Leet o settlements
The cooncil covers five kibbutzim, 15 moshavim an five communal settlements

**Kibbutzim**
*Gezer
*Hulda
*Na'an
*Netzer Sereni
*Sha'alvim

**Moshavim**
*Azaria
*Beit Uziel
*Ganei Yohanan
*Kfar Ben Nun
*Kfar Bilu
*Kfar Shmuel
*Matzliah
*Mishmar Ayalon
*Pedaya
*Petahya
*Ramot Meir
*Sitria
*Yad Rambam
*Yashresh
*Yatzitz

**Communal settlements**
*Beit Hashmonay
*Ganei Hadar
*Karmei Yosef
*Mishmar David
*Nof Ayalon

## Freemit airtins
*Offeecial wabsteid
Hevel Modi'in Regional Cooncil

**Hevel Modi'in Regional Cooncil** (, *Mo'atza Azorit Hevel Modi'in*, *lit.* Modi'in Region Regional Cooncil) is a regional cooncil in central Israel. It wis foondit in 1950 an covers an aurie frae Petah Tikva tae Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut.

The cooncil borders
*Drom HaSharon Regional Cooncil, El'ad an Rosh HaAyin in the north
*Mateh Binyamin Regional Cooncil in the east
*Gezer Regional Cooncil an Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut in the sooth
*Drom HaSharon, Lod Valley Regional Cooncil, Lod an Ramle in the wast.

The heid rabbi o the regional cooncil is Rabbi Eliav Meir who is an aa the heid rabbi o Gimzo.

## Leet o settlements
The cooncil covers a kibbutz, 19 moshavim, three communal settlements an a youth veelage.

**Kibbutzim**
*Be'erot Yitzhak

**Moshavim**

*Ahisamakh
*Bareket
*Beit Arif
*Beit Nehemia
*Ben Shemen
*Bnei Atarot

*Ginaton
*Gimzo
*Givat Koah
*Hadid
*Kerem Ben Shemen

*Kfar Daniel
*Kfar Rut
*Kfar Truman
*Mazor
*Nehalim

*Rinatia
*Shilat
*Tirat Yehuda

**Communal settlements**
*Lapid
*Mevo Modi'im
*Nofekh

**Youth veelages**
*Ben Shemen Youth Veelage

## Freemit airtins
*Cooncil wabsteid
Hof HaSharon Regional Cooncil

**Hof HaSharon Regional Cooncil** (, *Mo'atza Azorit Hof HaSharon*, *lit.* Sharon Coast Regional Cooncil), is a regional cooncil in the Center an Tel Aviv destricts o Israel. It is locatit on the coastline in the Sharon aurie atween Netanya an Herzliya.

The local authority is locatit in kibbutz Shefayim.

It wis established in 1949 an govren 14 communities an an educational institute (Neve Hadassah).

## Settlements

**Kibbutzim**
*Ga'ash
*Glil Yam (Tel Aviv Destrict)
*Shefayim
*Tel Yitzhak
*Yakum

**Moshavim**
*Batzra
*Beit Yehoshua
*Bnei Zion
*Kfar Netter
*Rishpon
*Udim

**Ither veelages**
*Arsuf (near the ruins o Apollonia)
*Harutzim (communal settlement)
*Neve Hadassah (youth veelage)

## Freemit airtins
*Offeecial wabsteid  
*Hof Hasharon - inter-urban coastal strip Israel Union for Environmental Defense
Hefer Valley Regional Cooncil

The **Hefer Valley Regional Cooncil** (, *Mo'atza Azorit Emek Hefer*) is a regional cooncil in the Hefer Valley region o central Israel.

The cooncil covers an aurie adjacent tae Hadera in the north, tae Netanya in the sooth, tae the Mediterranean in the wast an tae Tulkarm an the Green Line (Israel) in the east. It haes a population o aboot 35,000 residents.

The Regional Cooncil offices are locatit near Kfar Monash, at the Ruppin junction, next tae the Ruppin Academic Center.

## History
In the early 1900s, a local midwife, Olga Hankin, reportit information aboot the economic state o the families in the region tae her husband, Yehoshua Hankin, who wis in chiarge o land purchase for the Jewish National Fund. In 1927 Yehoshua Hankin resolved the complex legal issues involved in purchasin the land, an signed a greement for the purchase o the Hefer Valley. The ae difficulty wis that the Jewish National Fund did no hae sufficient funds tae pey the sum needit for redeemin the land.

The chairman o the JNF, Menachem Ushishkin, set oot on a fundraisin trip tae Canadae, returnin wi $300,000 an unnertakins tae bring it up tae a million, the sum required tae purchase the Hefer Valley ower a period o seiven years. At the Zionist Congress held in Zurich in 1929, Ushishkin annoonced that Emek Hefer wis nou in Jewish haunds.

A group o 30 young members o the "Vitkin" an "Haemek" muivements settled in the newly purchased valley. Thay muivit in tae an abandoned biggin an began drainin the swamps an preparin the land for agricultur.

In Aprile 1933, thay biggit thair first hooses on Kfar Vitkin, in the hert o the valley. In 1931, a group frae the Hashomer Hatzair muivement in Hadera established the dounset o Ein HaHoresh, plantin the first citrus grove.

A company cried "Yachin" prepared plantations for settlers frae abroad. Anither group frae the Kibbutz HaMeuhad muivement, foondit Givat Haim in 1932, while the organization o demobilized sodgers frae the Jewish Brigade set up the dounset o Avihayil.

## Leet o settlements
### Kibbutzim

*Bahan
*Ein HaHoresh
*Givat Haim (Ihud)

*Givat Haim (Meuhad)
*HaMa'apil
*HaOgen

*Ma'abarot
*Mishmar HaSharon
*Yad Hana

### Moshavim

*Ahituv
*Avihayil
*Be'erotayim
*Beit HaLevi
*Beit Herut
*Beit Yanay
*Beit Yitzhak-Sha'ar Hefer

*Beitan Aharon
*Burgata
*Eliashiv
*Elyakhin
*Gan Yoshiya
*Geulei Teiman
*Givat Shapira
*Hadar Am

*Haniel
*Havatzelet HaSharon
*Herev Le'et
*Hibat Tzion
*Hogla
*Kfar Haim
*Kfar Haroeh

*Kfar Monash
*Kfar Vitkin
*Kfar Yedidia
*Mikhmoret
*Olesh
*Ometz

### Communal settlements

*Bat Hen
*Bat Hefer

*Beit Hazon
*Hofit

*Shoshanat HaAmakim
*Tzukei Yam

### Youth veelages
*Mevo'ot Yam

## Freemir airtins
*Offeecial wabsteid o the Regional Cooncil (in Ebreu)
Hevel Yavne Regional Cooncil

**Hevel Yavne Regional Cooncil** (, *Mo'atza Azorit Hevel Yavneh*, *lit.* Yavne Region Regional Cooncil) is a regional cooncil in the Central Destrict o Israel. Foondit in 1950, it covers 32,000 dunams an sax releegious communities. It is an aa hame tae twa yeshivas, Yeshivat Kerem BeYavne an Yeshivat Neve Herzog.

It is bordered tae the north bi Yavne an Gan Raveh Regional Cooncil; tae the east bi Gederot an Brenner Regional Cooncils; tae the sooth bi Be'er Tuvia Regional Cooncil, an tae the wast bi Ashdod.

## Leet o communities
The cooncil covers ane kibbutz, fower moshavim an a youth veelage;

## Freemit airtins
*Offeecial wabsteid
Lev HaSharon Regional Cooncil

**Lev HaSharon Regional Cooncil** (, *Mo'atza Azorit Lev HaSharon*, *lit.* Hert o the Sharon Regional Cooncil) is a regional cooncil in the Center Destrict o Israel. The cooncil wis established in 1984, unifyin Hadar HaSharon an Northren Sharon regional cooncils, an covers 18 veelages wi a tot aurie o 57,000 dunams an a population o 13,600.

It borders Hefer Valley Regional Cooncil an Pardesiya tae the north, Qalansawe, Tira an the Wast Bank tae the east, Drom HaSharon Regional Cooncil tae the sooth an Even Yehuda an Netanya tae the wast. Till 1997 it an aa covered Tzoran, a local council.

## Leet o communities
***Moshavim**
**Azri'el · Bnei Dror · Ein Sarid · Ein Vered · Geulim · Herut · Kfar Hess · Kfar Yabetz · Mishmeret · Nitzanei Oz · Nordia · Porat ·  · Tnuvot · Tzur Moshe · Yanuv
***Communal settlements**
**Ganot Hadar · Ye'af
***Ither veelages**
**Kfar Avoda

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns — Sister ceeties
Lev HaSharon region is twinned wi:
* Tczew *(syne 1997)*
* Witten *(stne 1979)*

## Freemit airtins
*Offeecial wabsteid 

## References
;Notes
Lod Valley Regional Cooncil

**Lod Valley Regional Cooncil** (Ebrew: מועצה אזורית עמק לוד, *Mo'atza Azorit Emek Lod*) is a regional cooncil in the Central Destrict o Israel. Foondit in 1952, it borders Ben Gurion International Airport an Or Yehuda tae the north, Hevel Modi'in Regional Cooncil an Lod tae the east, Be'er Ya'akov an Ramla tae the sooth an Beit Dagan an Rishon LeZion tae the wast.

## Leet o communities
The cooncil covers aicht moshavim an ane veelage;
***Moshavim**
**Ahi'ezer · Ganot · Hemed · Mishmar HaShiva · Nir Tzvi · Tzafria · Yagel · Zeitan
*Ither veelages
**Kfar Chabad

## Freemit airtins
*Offeecial wabsteid
Nahal Sorek Regional Cooncil

**Nahal Sorek Regional Cooncil** (, *Mo'atza Azorit Nahal Sorek*) is a regional cooncil in the Center destrict o Israel. The seat o the cooncil is Yad Binyamin. The cooncil is named for the Sorek stream.

## Leet o settlements
This regional cooncil provides sindry municipal services for a few settlements athin its territory:

*Hafetz Haim (kibbutz)
*Bnei Re'em (moshav)
*Yesodot (moshav shitufi)
*Beit Hilkia (moshav)
*Yad Binyamin (communal settlement)

## Freemit airtins
*Cooncil wabsteid
Faro Destrict

**Faro Destrict** (, ) is the soothmaist destrict o Portugal, coincident wi the Algarve. The admeenistrative centre, or caipital, is the ceety o Faro.

## Municipalities
The destrict is componit o 16 municipalities: 

* Albufeira
* Alcoutim
* Aljezur
* Castro Marim
* Faro
* Lagoa
* Lagos
* Loulé
* Monchique
* Olhão
* Portimão
* São Brás de Alportel
* Silves
* Tavira
* Vila do Bispo
* Vila Real de Santo António
Kostel, Kostel

**Kostel** is a dounset in the Municipality o Kostel in soothren Slovenie. It locatit on the left bank o the Kolpa River next tae the border wi Croatie. It is pairt o the tradeetional region o Lawer Carniola an is now includit in the Sootheast Slovenie statistical region.

Its main landmark frae which the dounset an the municipality are namit is Kostel Castle, biggit on a clint abuin the Kolpa Valley. The castle is surroondit bi a sma mercat settlement. It dates tae the 13t century wi various additions ower the centuries an wis an important defense fortification against Ottoman raids.

The local kirk is dedicatit tae the Magi an belangs tae the pairish o Fara pri Kočevju. It is a single-nave Late Gothic biggin that wis refurbished in the Baroque style in the 18t century.

## References

## Freemit airtins
* Kostel on Geopedia 
* Kostel municipality steid
Ansett

**Ansett Australiae**, **Ansett**, **Ansett Airlines of Australiae**, or **ANSETT-ANA** as it wis commonly kint in earlier years, wis a major Australiaen airline group, based in Melbourne, Australiae, fleein domestically within Australiae an tae destinations in Asia at its heicht in 1996. The airline wis placed intae administration in 2001 efter sufferin financial collapse, an subsequent organised liquidation in 2002, subject tae deed of company arrangement. Ansett operated for 66 years an 11 days efter its first takeoff fae Hamilton, Victoria. The ailin airline wis bought aer bi Air New Zealand less nor 2 years afore, Air New Zealand wis widely blamed fur the company's collapse an the subsequent job loss o 16,000 folk.

At the time o collapse the airline operated 20 Airbus A320's, 18 BAe 146's, 1 Boeing 727, 23 Boeing 737's, 2 Boeing 747's, 13 Boeing 767's, 12 Bombardier CRJ-200's, 4 DHC-6 Twin Otter's, 9 Fokker 50's, 1 Fokker F27, 4 Fokker F28's, 16 Saab 340's an 7 Fairchild Metro 23's.

The company wis foonded bi Sir Reg Ansett in 1936, he served as CEO until 1980.

Ansett wis a member o the Star Alliance fae Mey 1999-September 2001.


File:Ansett Demonstration at State Library of Victoria 1 - 14th Sept 2001.jpg|On 14 September 2001, the day o Ansett's closure annooncement, thoosands of employees met at the State Library of Victoria in Melbourne tae protest
File:Several Airbus A320 of Ansett Australia parked at Melbourne Airport.jpg|Ansett A320 aircraft at Melbourne Airport efter the airline's last flight in 2002
File:Fokker 27 VH-FNB Ansett Essen 24.09.70 edited-2.jpg|Fokker F-27 Friendship o Ansett at Melbourne (Essendon) Airport in 1970
File:Saab 340A VH-KDK.jpg|Former Ansett subisiaries Kendell an Hazelton still exist as Regional Express Airlines.
File:Skywest F100 VH-FNY.jpg|Former Ansett subsidiary Skywest still operates unner new owners
File:Aeropelican Air Services (VH-OTD) BAe Jetstream 32 at Sydney Airport.jpg|Former Ansett subsidiary Aeropelican still operates unner new owners


## References
Evere

**Evere** is ane o the nineteen municipalities locatit in the Brussels-Caipital Region o Belgium. On Januar 1, 2006 the municipality haed a tot population o 33,462.

## Pronunciation
* French: 
* Dutch: 

## Steids
Brussels Cemetery, is pairtly in Evere an pairtly in the municipality o Zaventem in Flemish Brabant.

In September 2008 a umwhile windmill in Evere, oreeginally biggit in 1841, wis opened as the 'Brussels Mill an Food Museum' (*Musée bruxellois du Moulin et de l’Alimentation*).

Evere is served bi Evere railway station on line 26 (which goes frae Halle tae Vilvoorde). Bordet railway station, on the same line, is an aa in the municipality.

The headquarters o the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) are locatit in Evere an  in Haren (pairt of Brussels ceety).

Charles Lindbergh flew the Spirit of St. Louis tae Evere airfield efter his historic 1927 transatlantic flicht tae Paris. He wis walcomed bi a croud o ower 25,000.


Image:EvereMill.jpg|Evere Mill


## Notes

## Freemit airtins
*Offeecial wab steid  (in French or Dutch anerlie)
Saint-Josse-ten-Noode

**Sint-Joost-ten-Node** () or **Saint-Josse-ten-Noode** (; uisually shortened tae *Saint-Josse*) is ane o the nineteen municipalities locatit in the Brussels-Caipital Region o Belgium.

On 1 Januar 2007 the municipality haed a total population o 23,785. The total aurie is 1.14&nbsp;km² which gives a population density o 20,664 inhabitants per km². Wi anerlie 1.14&nbsp;km², Saint-Josse-ten-Noode is baith the municipality wi the smawest territory an the heichest population density in Belgium.

## Naitionalities

While foreigners wur a majority in 1995, nouadays maist o the population haes Belgian citizenship, which haes resultit in a sharp increase o municipal cooncillors wi a foreign backgrund, benefittin frae the open proportional electoral seestem: frae 0 in 1988 tae 2 (frae Morocco) in 1994, a near majority o 13 (7 frae Morocco, 5 frae Turkey) oot o 27 in 2000 (includin 3 aldermen) an a majority o 20 oot o 27  in 2007 (including 6 aldermen oot of 7, the seivent is a member o the Flemish minority ) .

## Mayors o Saint-Josse-ten-Noode
Frae: "Histoire de Saint Josse Ten Noode et de Schaerbeek - Van Bemmel - 1869" an ither sources available at the local public leebrar.

* André-Etienne-Joseph O'Kelly 1800 - 1808
* Jacques-Joseph De Glimes 1808 - july 1813
* Théodore-Nicolas-Joseph Aerts	1813
* Jean-François Wauvermans 1813 - 1823
* Urbain Henri Verbist	1823 - 1842
* Léonard Constant Willems 29 December 1842 - 1846
* Jacques Joseph Damas Gillon 18 April 1846 - 1867
* Louis Guillaume Felix Sainctelette 13 February 1867
* Fritz Jottrand 1870 - 1884
* Armand Steurs	1885 - 1899
* Henri Frick 1900 - 1926
* Georges Petre	1926 - 1942 alderman, then mayor frae 1926 till his destitution an assassination bi the Rexists in 1942)
* Joseph Dery 1944 - 1947
* André Saint-Remi 1947 - 1953
* Guy Cudell 1953 - 1999
* Jean Demannez	1999–2012 (cooncillor in 1976, alderman in 1977, mayor syne 1999, reelectit in 2000 an 2006)
* Emir Kir 2012-present

## Sources


## Freemit airtins
* Saint-Josse-ten-Noode
Isfana

**Isfana** (Исфана) is a sma toun o aboot 26,915 (2005)  at the extreme wastren end o Batken Oblast in soothren Kyrgyzstan, at the soothren fringe o the Fergana valley.  Backed up against the enormous muntains in the sooth an surroondit on three sides bi Tajikistan, the toun an the nearbi veelages are lairgely cut aff frae the rest o Kyrgyzstan, makin life vera difficult.  Isfana is the admeenistrative centre o Leilek Rayon. The wird "isfana" is believed ae come frae the Iranian Sogdian wird "Aspanakent" which means "the land o horse".

Thare uised tae be a lot o factories in Isfana durin the Soviet period, but nouadays thay are closed acause o the difficult economic situation in the kintra. Fowk are wirkin abroad tae mak livin. Maist o them go tae Roushie, Kazakhstan an Uzbekistan.

## Transport

Isfana is landlockt. It haes a sma airport that wis biggit durin the Soviet Union.  The airport affers flichts anerlie tae the caipital Bishkek.

## Education
Thare are twa gymnasiums: Gymnasium #1-which is mair familiar lik Kyrgyz Gymnasium an #4-Uzbek Gymnasium named efter Usman Matkarimov an several ither seicontary schuils. Thare is an aa an Academy o Finance an Management, which is pairt o the Bishkek Economics Academy faimily.

## History
Fowk hae lived in Isfana syne the 16t century. In 2001 Isfana wis gien the title o a toun.
The majority o the population o Isfana are ethnic Uzbeks - even tho it is in Kyrgyzstan. It is a result o Stalin's "divide an rule" technique . You will see Uzbek touns in Kyrgyzstan an Tajik touns in Uzbekistan - in the Soviet Union borders wur drawn inconsistent wi the traditional locations o ethnic populations sae that fowk wi lang-lastin claims tae land wad be dependent on a central pouer, that is Moscow, an it wad be easier tae control them. Mony fowk in Central Asie think that thay shoud mair properly be pairt o anither kintra, includin Isfana's Uzbeks.

## Geography
Isfana is locatit 1 350 meters abuin sea level. The surroondins o the ceety are stunnin, includin majestic muntains (which are athin twa kilometres frae the ceety), bonnie yaylovs or jailoos (meadaes or pastur lands) an mony ithers.

## References

## Freemit airtins

* MSN Map
Kara-Suu

**Kara-Suu** (meanin "Black Water") is a toun, river an valley in Osh Province, Kyrgyzstan, in the Fergana Valley. The toun is 23&nbsp;km northeast o Osh an is the caipital o the Kara-Suu Destrict.

The Kara-Suu valley is hame tae twa touns wi seemilar names.  The first, at N 40.71 E 72.89, is dividit bi a Soviet-era mairch atween Kyrgyzstan an Uzbekistan.  The Kyrgyz toun is cried Kara-Suu an is a major industrial an tred center, its Uzbek coonterpairt is cried Qorasuv (or Kara-Soo or Qorawsuw). Efter the dissolution o the Soviet Union, the Uzbek authorities destroyed the main brig athort the river, but cross-border tred continued via improvised ropeways that ferried guids an fowk athort.

The Karasuu Bazaar in the Kyrgyz toun o Kara-Suu is a heichlie important centre o re-export o Cheenese consumer guids intae Uzbekistan, comparable wi Dordoy Bazaar in Bishkek (which targets Kazakh an Roushie mercats).

Kara-Suu gained internaitional prominence follaein the Andijan Massacre in nearbi Andijan, efter which refugees streamed athort the mairch intae Kyrgyzstan.

## Demographics
The permanent population o Kara-Suu, accordin tae the Population an Housing Census o 2009, wis 20,862. The average age is 26.5 year auld.

## References
Lebap Province

**Lebap Province** ( frae the Persian *لباب Lobāb*) is ane o the provinces (welayat) o Turkmenistan. It is in the northeast o the kintra, borderin Uzbekistan alang the Amu Darya. Its caipital is Türkmenabat (umwhile named Çärjew). It haes an aurie o 93,730 square kilometers, an a population o 1,334,500 fowk (2005 est.).

It contains the Repetek Nature Reserve an the Köýtendag Nature Reserve, which haes Turkmenistan's heichest muntain, Aýrybaba (3137 meters).

Baith Turkmen citizens an foreigners require special permission tae visit pairts o the province borderin Uzbekistan, as the govrenment regards the border destrict as a "closed" border zone.

## Destricts
Lebap Province is dividit intae 16 destricts (*etraplar*; singular *etrap*) an 3 ceeties (*il*). Name chynges syne 1995 are shown in parentheses:

*Destricts
**Atamyrat Destrict (umwhile Kerki Destrict)
**Beýik Türkmenbaşy Destrict (umwhile Saparmyrat Nyýazow Destrict)
**Birata Destrict (umwhile Darganata Destrict)
**Dovletli Destrict (creatit in August 2007)
**Farap Destrict
**Galkynyş Destrict (umwhile Dänew Destrict)
**Garabekewül Destrict
**Garaşsyzlyk Destrict (formerly Boýnyuzyn Destrict)
**Halaç Destrict
**Hojambaz Destrict
**Köýtendag Destrict (formerly Çarşaňňy Destrict)
**Magdanly Destrict
**Sakar Destrict
**Saýat Destrict
**Serdarabat Destrict (umwhile Türkmenabat/Çärjew Destrict)
**Seýdi Destrict

*Ceeties
**Magdanly Ceety (umwhile Gowurdak)
**Seýdi Ceety
**Türkmenabat Ceety (formerly Çärjew)

## References

## Freemit airtins
*- Lebap
Balkan Province

**Balkan Province** (, frae the Persian* بلخان Balkhān*) is ane o the Welayat (provinces) o Turkmenistan.  It is in the far wast o the kintra, borderin Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, the Caspian Sea, an Iran.  Its caipital is Balkanabat, umwhile kent as Nebit Dag. It haes an aurie o 139,270 square kilometres an a population o approximately 553,500 fowk (2005 est.). Its population density o 3.3 persons per square kilometre is the lawest in Turkmenistan.

Ither ceeties include: Türkmenbaşy, Gumdag, Serdar, Hazar, Gyzyletrek, Esenguly.

Balkan Province haes significant energy reserves, which accoont for 94% o Turkmenistan's natural gas production an 12% o its petroleum production. It an aa generates 18% o the kintra's electric pouer. Due tae the vera law water supply, agricultur is negligible, an anerlie 4.5% of  Turkmenistan's arable lands are athin the province.

Aff its Caspian shores the Balkan Province includes the island o Ogurja Ada, the maist important island in Turkmenistan an ane o the lairgest in the Caspian Sea.

## Destricts
Balkan Province is admeenistratively dividit intae 6 destricts (*etraplar*; singular: *etrap*) an 7 ceeties (*il*). Name chynges syne 1995 are shown in parentheses: 

*Destricts
**Bereket Destrict (umwhlie Gazanjyk)
**Esenguly Destrict
**Etrek Destrict (umwhile Gyzyletrek)
**Magtymguly Destrict (umwhile Garrygala)
**Serdar Destrict (umwhile Gyzylarbat)
**Türkmenbaşy Destrict

*Ceeties
**Balkanabat
**Bereket (Gazanjyk)
**Garabogaz (formerly Bekdaş)
**Gumdag
**Hazar (umwhile Çeleken)
**Serdar Ceety (umwhile Kyzyl-Arvat, Gyzylarbat) – grantit *etrap* status on 3 Februar 2008
**Türkmenbaşy Ceety (umwhile Krasnovodsk)

## See an aa
* Ogurja Ada

## References