Sverdlovsk Oblast

**Sverdlovsk Oblast** (, *Sverdlovskaya oblast*) is a federal subject (an oblast) o Roushie locatit in the Ural Federal Destrict. Its admeenistrative center is the ceety o Yekaterinburg umwhile kent as Sverdlovsk. Population: 4,297,747 (2010 Census).

## Geografie
Maist o the oblast lees on the eastren slopes o the Middle an North Urals an the Wastren Siberie Plain. Anerlie in the soothwast daes the oblast stretch ontae the wastren slopes o the Ural Muntains.

The heichest muntains aw rise in the North Urals (Konzhakovsky Kamen at 1,569&nbsp;m an Denezhkin Kamen at 1,492&nbsp;m). The Middle Urals is maistly hilly kintra wi nae discernible peaks; the mean elevation is closer tae 300–500&nbsp;m abuin the sea level. Principal rivers include the Tavda, the Tura, the Chusovaya, an the Ufa, the latter twa bein tributaries o the Kama.

Sverdlovsk Oblast borders wi, clockwise frae the wast, Perm Krai, the Komi Republic, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Tyumen Oblast, Kurgan, an Chelyabinsk Oblasts, an the Republic o Bashkortostan.

The oblast is traversed bi the northeasterly line o equal latitude an langitude.

### Natural resources
The oblast is rich in naitural resoorces, parteecularly in metals (airn, capper, gowd, platinum), minerals (asbestos, gemstanes, talcum), marble an coal. It is maistly here that the bulk o Roushie industry wis concentratit in the 18t an 19t centuries.

### Climate
The aurie enjoys continental climate patterns, wi lang cauld winters (average temperaturs reachin  tae  on the Wastren Siberie Plain) an short wairm simmers. Anerlie in the sootheast o the oblast dae temperaturs reach  in Julie.

## Admeenistrative diveesions

## Demographics
**Population**: 

;Ethnic groups
Thare wur twinty-ane recognizit ethnic groups o mair nor twa thoosand persons each. Residents identifeed thairsels as belangin tae a tot o 148 different ethnic groups, includin:
*3,684,843 Roushies:(90.6%);
*143,803 Tatars:(3.5%);
*35,563 Ukrainians:(0.9%);
*31,183 Bashkirs:(0.8%);
*23,801 Mari:(0.6%);
*14,914 Germans:(0.4%);
*14,215 Azeris:(0.3%);
*13,789 Udmurts:(0.3%);
*11,670 Belaroushies:(0.3%);
*11,510 Chuvash:(0.26%);
*11,501 Armeniies:(0.3%);
*11,138 Tajiks:(0.3%);
*9,702 Mordovies:(0.22%);
*9,358 Uzbeks:(0.2%);
*232,978 fowk wur registered frae admeenistrative databases, an coud nae declare an ethnicity. It is estimatit that the proportion o ethnicities in this group is the same as that o the declared group.
*Births (2008): 54,500 
*Daiths (2008): 65,000

## History

Roushie conquest o the Khanate o Kazan in the 1550s pavit the wey further east which wis nou free frae Tatar depredations (*see [[Yermak Timofeyevich]]*). The first survivin Roushie settlements in the aurie date back tae the late 16t&nbsp;— early 17t centuries (Verkhoturye, 1598; Turinsk, 1600; Irbit, 1633; Alapayevsk, 1639). In the 18t an 19t centuries the aurie became the industrial hertland o Roushie due tae its rich deposits o iron an coal (see abuin). In the 1930s mony industrial enterprises wur established an biggit wi the help o forcit labour. Local industry receivit anither impetus durin the Warld War II  whan important producin facilities wur relocatit here frae the European pairt o Roushie tae safeguard them frae the advancin Germans (for ensaumple, IMZ-Ural). In the postwar period hintle o the region wis aff-leemits tae foreigners an it wis ower Sverdlovsk that the American pilot Gary Powers wis shot doun on 1 Mey 1960, while on a reconnaissance mission. Anither historic event that teuk place in Yekaterinburg wis the execution o Nicholas II o Roushie an the Imperial family in Julie 1918.

In 1993, Govrenor Eduard Rossel respondit tae perceivit economic inequality bi attemptin tae creaut a "Urals Republic." Sverdlovsk led the "Urals Five" (Kurgan Oblast, Orenburg Oblast, Perm Krai, Chelyabinsk Oblast an Sverdlovsk) in a caw for greater regional pouer. Thay argued that the oblasts deserved as hintle pouer as the ethnic hameland republics. The Urals Republic Constitution went intae effect on 27 October 1993. Roushie Preses Boris Yeltsin dissolvit the Urals Republic an Sverdlovsk Parliament 10 days later (on November 9).

## Politics

Syne 2009, the oblast's Govrenor is Alexander Misharin.

The oblast's Chairter, adoptit on 17 December 1994, wi subsequent amendments, establishes the oblast govrenment. The Govrenor is the chief executive, who appoints the Govrenment, consistin o meenistries an depairtments.  The Chairman/Preses o the Govrenment, commonly referred tae as the Prime Meenister, is appointit wi the consent o the lawer hoose o the legislatur, a process seemilar tae the appointment o the federal Prime Meenister; but the Govrenor canna nominate the same candidate mair nor twice, yet he/she can dismiss the hoose efter three failed attempts tae appynt the Premier.  The Legislative Assembly consists o the Oblast Duma, the lawer hoose, an the Hoose o Representatives, the upper hoose. Members o the legislatur serve fower-year terms; housomeivver, hauf o the Duma is re-electit ivery twa years.  The Duma (28&nbsp;members) is electit bi pairty leets; the 21&nbsp;members o the Hoose o Representatives are electit in single-seat destricts in a first-past-the-post seestem.  The Sverdlovsk Legislative Assembly wis the first bicameral legislatur ootside an autonomous republic, an the first regional legislatur in Roushie tae elect members bi baith pairty leets an single-seat destricts.

Compliance wi the Chairter is enforcit bi the Chairter Court.  The existence o sic regional courts in Roushie, formit an functionin ootside the federal judiciary, awtho challengit, haes been upheld an persistit successfully in maist constituent members o the Federation whaur thay wur established.

Till Preses Putin's reforms o 2004, the Govrenor wis electit bi direct vote for fower-year terms.  Eduard Rossel haes been the anerlie electit govrenor (first electit govrenor for an oblast in Roushie) syne 1995 (appointit in 1991 an dismissed in 1993 bi Preses Yeltsin), re-electit in 1999 an 2003.

### Chairmen o the Oblast Duma

### Chairmen o the Hoose o Representatives o the Legislative Assembly

## Economy an transportation
The oblast's industry is diverse awtho coud be mair modren. 12% o Roushie's iron an steel industry is still concentratit in Sverdlovsk oblast. Iron an copper are mined an processed here an the loggin industry an firth-processin are important, too.

Yekaterinburg is a prominent road, rail an air hub in the Urals region. As the economic slump subsides, several European airlines stairtit or resumit flichts tae the ceety. Thir include Lufthansa, British Airways, CSA, Turkish Airlines, Austrian Airlines an Finnair. Malév Hungarian Airlines uised tae be amang those carriers but thay haed tae drop thair flichts tae SVX (IATA airport code for Sverdlovsk) efter a few months.

## Sister relationships
* Ba Ria-Vung Tau Province, Vietnam
* Harbin, Cheenae

## See an aw
*Yakov Sverdlov, a communist revolutionary efter whom Sverdlovsk an subsequently Sverdlovsk Oblast wur namit.

## References

## Freemit airtins

*
*Investment portal o Sverdlovsk Oblast 
* Offeecial wabsteid o the Govrenment o Sverdlovsk Oblast