open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Jamaica Hills, Queens

**Jamaica Hills** is a smaw middle cless neebourheid in the New York Ceety burgh o Queens. 

## References

## Freemit airtins
Joseph Joffre

Marshal **Joseph Jacques Césaire Joffre** (; 12 Januar 1852 – 3 Januar 1931), wis a French general wha served as Commander-in-Chief o French forces on the Wastren Front frae the stairt o Warld War I till the end o 1916. He is best kent for regroupin the retreatin allied armies tae defeat the Germans at the strategically decisive First Battle o the Marne in September 1914.

## References
Erich von Falkenhayn

General **Erich Georg Anton von Falkenhayn** (11 September 1861 – 8 Aprile 1922) wis the Chief o the German General Staff during the First Warld War frae September 1914 till 29 August 1916.
Henri Poincaré

**Jules Henri Poincaré ** (; 29 Aprile 1854&nbsp;– 17 Julie 1912) wis a French mathematician, theoretical physicist, ingineer, an a philosopher o science.

## References
Alexandre Millerand

**Alexandre Millerand** (; 10 Februar 1859 – 7 Aprile 1943) wis a French politeecian. He wis Prime Meenister o France 20 Januar tae 23 September 1920 an Preses o Fraunce frae 23 September 1920 tae 11 Juin 1924.
Roilly

**Roilly** is a commune in the Côte-d'Or depairtment in central Fraunce.

## Population

## See an aw
*Communes o the Côte-d'Or depairtment

## References
*INSEE
Casas de Millán

**Casas de Millán** is a municipality locatit in the province o Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain. Accordin tae the 2006 census (INE), the municipality haes a population o 720 inhabitants.
Benalup-Casas Viejas

**Casas Viejas** is a ceety locatit in the province o Cádiz, Spain. Accordin tae the 2005 census, the ceety haes a population o 6,754 indwallers.

Casas Viejas is locatit in the *[[Ruta del Toro]]*.

## Twin touns
* Torrent, Spain

## Freemit airtins

*Offeecial wabsteid 
*Casas Viejas  - Sistema de Información Multiterritorial de Andalucía
Torre-Cardela

**Torre-Cardela** is a municipality locatit in the province o Granada, Spain. Accordin tae the 2004 census (INE), the ceety haes a population o 1134 inhabitants.
Torre Boldone

**Torre Boldone** is a *[[comune]]* (municipality) in the Province o Bergamo in the Italian region o Lombardy, locatit aboot  northeast o Milan an aboot  northeast o Bergamo, at the entrance o the Valle Seriana. Pairt o Torre Boldone's territory is pairt o Parco dei Colli di Bergamo

## References

## Freemit airtins
* Offeecial wabsteid
War o 1812

The **War o 1812** wis a militar conflick that lastit frae Juin 18, 1812, tae Februar 18, 1815, focht atween the Unitit States o Americae an the Unitit Kinrick, its North American colonies, an its North American Indian allies.

## Notes

## References
Guayabal de Síquima

**Guayabal de Síquima** forbye kent as "The Gowden Gate o the Central Magdalena" is a municipality an toun o Colombia in the depairtment o Cundinamarca locatit in the Central Magdalena Province 69&nbsp;km frae Bogotá.

The principal toun is locatit at 4°52’52” north an 74°28’10” wast, in zone cried Wastren Zone o the Eastren Muntains, which is characterisit bi sinuous muntains.

Guayabal de Síquima is bordered on the northeast bi the municipality o Villeta, on the wast bi the municipality o Bituima, on the north bi Albán an on the sooth bi Anolaima.

## History
Guayabal de Síquima wis foondit in 1721 wi the assignation o the Father Luis Calvo Vasallo as pairish priest o the toun. He began the construction o 22 hooses o Bareque an 5 o mud waw steppit aroond the Principal Pairk.

In the year o 1739 Guayabal de Síquima wis dividit intae fower big zones Chiniata, namit in honour o auncient Indie leader or Cacique, El Trigo (*the wheat*), bein this region whaur this grain wis cultivatit for the first time; Resguardo, in memory o which the natives cried *Muizane*, meanin *refuge* or *defence*, an Manoa in memory o auncient "cacique" o the region.
Castel Focognano

**Castel Focognano** is an Italian *[[comune]]* in the province o Arezzo, Tuscany. Awtho it is namit efter a veelage on the slopes o the Alpe di Catenaia, it is admeenistered frae the industrial toun o **Rassina**.

## Geografie
The comune lees in the Casentino valley on the left bank o the River Arno. 
 
## History
Durin Warld War II Rassina wis hame for mony American sodgers who wur hidin or preparin the affensive on the German airmy.

Mony fowk wur killed whilk fechtin wi Fascist sodgers.

In 1992 Rassina wis completely floodit bi the Arno river.

## Economy
The day Rassina is expandin an is becomin ane o Casentino's leadin industrial centres. It is hame tae ane o Europe's lairgest cement wirks.
Cable telly

**Cable telly** is a seestem o deliverin telly programmin tae payin subscribers via radio frequency (RF) signals transmittit throu coaxial cables or licht pulses throu fiber-optic cables.
Montemignaio

**Montemignaio** is a *[[comune]]* (municipality) in the Province o Arezzo in the Italian region Tuscany, locatit aboot  east o Florence an aboot  northwast o Arezzo.

Montemignaio borders the follaein municipalities: Castel San Niccolò, Pelago, Pratovecchio, Reggello, Rufina.

## References
Pelago

**Pelago** is a *[[comune]]* (municipality) in the Metropolitan Ceety o Florence in the Italian region Tuscany, locatit aboot  east o Florence. As o 31 Dizember 2004, it haed a population o 7,396 an a aurie o .

The municipality o Pelago conteens the *[[frazione|frazioni]]* (subdiveesions, mainly veelages an hamlets) Borselli, Carbonile, Consuma, Diacceto, Fontisterni, Magnale, Palaie, Paterno, Raggioli, San Francesco, an Stentatoio.

Lorenzo Ghiberti wis born in Pelago in 1378.

Pelago borders the follaein municipalities: Montemignaio, Pontassieve, Pratovecchio, Reggello, Rignano sull'Arno, Rufina.

## Demographic evolution

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## References


## Freemit airtins

* www.comune.pelago.fi.it/
Metropolitan Ceety o Florence

The **Metropolitan Ceety o Florence** () is a metropolitan ceety in the Tuscany region, Italy. Its caipital is the ceety o Florence. It replacit the Province o Florence. It wis first creatit bi the refuirm o local authorities (Law 142/1990) an then established bi the Law 56/2014. It haes been operative syne 1 Januar 2015.

## Geografie

The Metropolitcan Ceety o Florence is bordered bi the Metropolitan Ceety o Bologna in the north, the province o Ravenna in the north-east, the province o Modena in the north-wast, an the provinces o Pisa an Lucca in the wast., the province o Siena in the sooth an the province o Arezzo in the east an sootheast.

Hintle o its territory lees in the plain o the Arno river an haes sicweys acome an exurban sprawl aroond the ceety o Florence. The northeastren pairt o the metropolitcan ceety, in the Apennines, remains less developit. Romagna Granducale is the name gien tae the region leein on the northren slopes o Apennines. Corn, wine an silk are the chief products in the valley regions. Silk manufacturin wis a important industry in the medieval times. The weel kent Renaissance airtist Leonardo Da Vinci wis born in Vinci which is a pairt o the Metropolitican Ceety o Florence. The caipital Florence is a weel kent cultural an a lairge tourist centre.

## Main sichts

The Metropolitan Ceety receives lairge nummer o tourists ivery year.

The caipital ceety Florence haes been recognised as UNESCO Warld Heritage Steid. Major tourist attractions o the ceety are Piazza del Duomo, Duomo o Santa Maria del Fiore, the Baptistery o San Giovanni, Giotto's Bell Touer, the Loggia del Bigallo an Museo dell'Opera di Santa Maria del Fiore, Ponte Vecchio an mony ithers.

Sichts in Barberino di Mugello include Cattani Castle an Palazzo Pretorio. The Certosa del Galluzzo hooses airtwirks bi Pontormo. Giovanni Boccaccio's hametoun Certaldo is hame tae the Palazzo Pretorio an Boccaccio’s Hoose, while Vinci, birthplace o Leonardo da Vinci, hooses a museum dedicatit tae the Italian polymath. Sesto Fiorentino is kent for the Etruscan tomb “La Montagnola”.

## Economy

Wholesale an retail is the lairgest sector in the Metropolitan Ceety: , amaist 29% o the firms in the umwhile Province o Florence wur involvit in it. Manufacturin, construction, real estate an agricultur are the next important anes wi a percentage share o aboot 19.5%, 14%, 13.6% an 8% respectively.

Tourism is a important industry an aw. Empoli is kent for its auncient gless-makkin industry. The province is the centre o strae makkin industry.

## References

* 
*
Lorentz force

In physics, pairteecularly in electromagnetism, the **Lorentz force** is the combination o electric an magnetic force on a pynt charge due tae electromagnetic fields. If a pairticle o charge *q* muives wi velocity **v** in the presence o an electric field **E** an a magnetic field **B**, then it will experience a force
: \mathbf{F} = q\mathbf{E} + q\mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{B}
(in SI units).
Turbine

A **turbine** (frae the Laitin *turbo*, a vortex, relatit tae the Greek , *tyrbē*, meanin "turbulence"), is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy frae a fluid flow an converts it intae uisefu wirk.

## Teeps
* Steam turbine
* Gas turbine
* Watter turbine, see Hydropouer
* Wind turbine

## References
Edinburgh City F.C.

**Edinburgh City F.C.** is a profeesional senior Scots fitbaw club, which plays in . The club are based at Meadowbank Stadium in Edinburgh.

## Honours

***Lowland Football League**
****Winners (2):** 2014–15, 2015–16
***East of Scotland Football League**
****Winners (1):** 2005–06
***East of Scotland Football League First Division**
****Winners (1):** 1995–96
San Giovanni Valdarno

**San Giovanni Valdarno** is a toun an *[[comune]]* in the province o Arezzo, Tuscany, central Italy, locatit in the valley o the Arno River.  It wis oreeginally cried Castel S. Giovanni.

## History
Accordin tae the Italian medieval historian Giovanni Villani, the toun wis foondit in 1296 bi the Republic o Florence.  The design o the historic center is based on the organisation o Roman ceeties wi a lairge central piazza frae which twa main roads run perpendicular tae ilk ither.  Frae these twa main roads run ither seicontar streets.

The toun is the birthplace o the early Renaissance penter Masaccio.

## Main sichts

* *Palazzo Pretorio* or *Palazzo d'Arnolfo* (13t century)
* Convent o *San Francesco a Montecarlo*. It hooses an *Incoronation o the Virgin* bi Neri di Bicci (1472–1475)
* Basilica o *Santa Maria delle Grazie* (built in 1484, but wi a 19t-century Neoclessical façade). Its museum hooses Beato Angelico's *[[Annunciation o San Giovanni Valdarno|Annunciation]]*.
* Kirk o *San Lorenzo* (early 14t century)

## Twin touns
*  Mahbes, Wastren Sahara
*  Corning, USA

## References

http://www.foxnews.com/world/2011/10/05/police-find-body-missing-ohio-tour-guide-in-italy/
Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick

The **Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland**, commonly kent as the **UK Pairlament**, the **Breetish Pairlament** or **Pairlament**, is the supreme legislative bouk in the Unitit Kinrick, Breetish Croun dependencies an Breetish owerseas territories.

## References
Croun dependencies

The **Croun dependencies** (Inglis: *Crown dependencies*) are three islands aff the coast o Great Breetain whit are sel-govrenin haudins o the Croun: the Bailiwick o Guernsey, the Bailiwick o Jersey an the Isle o Man. Thay are nae pairt o the Unitit Kinrick or the Breetish Owerseas Territories. Thay are conseedert "territories fur whit the Unitit Kinrick is pensie" bi the internaitional community, insteid o soverane states or kintras. Acause o this, thay are nae member states o the Commonweel o Nations. Houaniver, thay dae hae relationship wi the Commonweel, European Union, an ither internaitional organisations, an are members o the Breetish-Erse Cooncil. Thay hae thair ain teams at the Commonweel Gemmes. Thay are nae pairt o the European Union, awtho thay are in the EU's customs aurie.

As the croun dependencies are nae soverane states, the pouer tae pass legislation regairdin the islands is gien tae the govrenment o the Unitit Kinrick (tho this uisually daes nae happen withoot the permeesion o the dependencies). Houaniver thay hae thair ain pairlaments, wi the pouer tae mak laws regairdin mony local maiters wi the assent o the Croun. The heids o govrenment o the dependencies are kent as Chief Meenisters.
Castel San Niccolò

**Castel San Niccolò** is a *[[comune]]* (municipality) in the Province o Arezzo in the Italian region Tuscany, locatit aboot  east o Florence an aboot  northwast o Arezzo.

Castel San Niccolò borders the follaein municipalities: Castelfranco di Sopra, Loro Ciuffenna, Montemignaio, Ortignano Raggiolo, Poppi, Pratovecchio, Reggello.

## Demografic evolution

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## Twin touns
* Pégomas, Fraunce

## References

## Freemit airtins

* Offeecial wabsteid
Frances D'Souza, Baroness D'Souza

**Frances Gertrude Claire D'Souza, Baroness D'Souza**,  (née **Russell**; born 18 Aprile 1944) is a Breetish scientist an Laird Temporal. She is the umwhile Laird Speaker, havin haudit the office frae 1 September 2011 till 31 August 2016.

## References
Privy Cooncil o the Unitit Kinrick

**Her Majesty's Maist Honourable Privy Cooncil**, uisually kent simply as the **Privy Cooncil**, is a formal bouk o advisers tae the Sovereign o the Unitit Kinrick.
Order o St Michael an St George

The **Maist Distinguished Order o Saunt Michael an Saunt George** is a Brrrtish order o chivalry foondit on 28 Aprile 1818 bi George, Prince Regent, later King George IV, while he wis actin as regent for his faither, Keeng George III.

## References
Shivaji

**Shivaji Bhonsle** (; c. 1627/1630 – 3 Aprile 1680), forby kent as **Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj**, wis an Indian warrior king an a member o the Bhonsle Maratha clan.

## References
Maratha Empire

The **Maratha Empire** or the **Maratha Confederacy** wis an Indie pouer that existit frae 1674 tae 1818 an ruled ower a muckle aurie o the Indian sub-continent.

## References
Ireland naitional fitbaw team

The term **Ireland naitional fitbaw team** mey refer tae ony o the follaein:

## Association fitbaw
* Ireland naitional fitbaw team (1882–1950), the Irish Football Association's (IFA) oreeginal aw-island team; first played in 1882
* Northren Ireland naitional fitbaw team, the successor tae the oreeginal IFA team; sometimes played as "Ireland" till the 1970s
* Republic o Ireland naitional fitbaw team, the current Fitbaa Association o Ireland (FAI) team, previously played as "Erse Free State" an then "Ireland"; first played in 1926
Spainish Wikipaedia

The **Spaingie Wikipaedia** () is the Spaingie leid edeetion o Wikipaedia, a free, online encyclopedia. It haes  airticles. Stairtit in Mey 2001, it reached 100,000 airticles on 8 Mairch 2006 an 1,000,000 airticles on 16 Mey 2013. It is the 9t-lairgest Wikipaedia as measurt bi the nummer o airticles an haes the 4t-lairgest nummer o eedits.

## Freemit airtins

*
Portuguese Wikipaedia

The **Portuguese Wikipaedia** () is the Portuguese leid edeetion o Wikipaedia (written Wikipédia, in Portuguese), the free encyclopaedia. It wis stairtit on 11 Mey 2001. It is currently (Julie 2015) the thirteent lairgest Wikipaedia bi airticle coont, conteenin  airticles.

## Notes

## Freemit airtins

*  Portuguese Wikipaedia
*  Portuguese Wikipaedia mobile version
*
Order o the Companions o Honour

The **Order o the Companions o Honour** () is an order o the Commonweel realms. It wis foondit in Juin 1917 bi King George V as a rewaird for ootstaundin achievements in the airts, leeteratur, muisic, science, politics, industry, an releegion.
Nigel Farage

**Nigel Paul Farage** (born 3 Apryle 1964) is a Breetish politeecian an umwhile commodity broker. He is an umwhile leader o the Eurosceptic Brexit Pairty (renamed Reform UK in 2021) - he previously led UKIP. He teuk pairt in the successfu campaign for the Unitit Kinrick tae leave the European Union in Juin 2016. Syne 2021, he is a presenter on GB News.

## References
UK Unthirldom Pairty

The **UK Unthirldom Pairty** (**UKIP**, , ) is a Eurosceptic an richt-weeng populist poleetical pairty in the Unitit Kinrick.

## References

### Soorces
: 
: 
: 
:
John McDonnell

**John Martin McDonnell** (born 8 September 1951) is a Breetish Labour Pairty politeecian wha wis appyntit the Shaidae Chancellor o the Exchequer bi Jeremy Corbyn in September 2015.
Chris Leslie

**Christopher Michael Leslie** (born 28 Juin 1972) is a Breetish Labour Co-operative politeecian, wha haes been the Member o Pairlament (MP) for Nottingham East syne 2010.
Priti Patel

**Priti Sushil Patel**  (born 29 Mairch 1972) is a Breetish Conservative Pairty politeecian that haes been the Member o Pairlament (MP) for the Witham constituency in Essex syne 2010.

## References
Sajid Javid

**Sajid Javid** (; born 5 December 1969) is a British Conservative Pairty politeecian an umwhile managin director at Deutsche Bank wha haes been the Member o Pairlament (MP) for Bromsgrove syne 2010 an haes held several cabinet-level poseetions, incluidin his maist recent poseetions o Chancellor o the Exchequer unner Boris Johnson (frae 24 Julie 2019 tae 13 Februar 2020) an Secretar o State for Heal an Social Care (26 Juin 2021 tae 5 Julie 2022).
Cramond Island

**Cramond Island** (Scots Gaelic **Eilean Chathair Amain**) is ane o several islands in the Firth o Forth in eastren Scotland, near Edinburgh.

## References
Inchmickery

**Inchmickery** is a smaw island in the Firth o Forth in Scotland. It is aboot  north o Edinburgh.
## References
Selfie

A **selfie** (/ˈselfiː/) is a sel-portrait photograph, teepically taken wi a digital camera or camera phone held in the haund or supportit bi a selfie stick. Selfies are aften shared on social netwirkin services such as Facebook, Instagram an Twitter. They are uisually flatterin an made tae appear casual. Maist selfies are taken wi a camera held at airm's lenth or pointit at a mirror, rather than bi uisin a self-timer. A selfie stick mey be uised tae widen the angle of view.

## References

## Freemit airtins
Fowlsheugh

**Fowlsheugh** is a coastal naitur reserve in Kincardineshire, northeast Scotland, kent for its seventy metre heich cliff formations an habitat supportin proleefic seabird nestin colonies.
Cunobeline

**Cunobeline** (or **Cunobelin**, frae Laitin *Cunobelinus*, derivit frae Greek *Kynobellinus*, Κυνοβελλίνος) wis a king in pre-Roman Breetain frae the late first yearhunner BC til the 40s AD.

## Soorces
Robert T. Paine (zoologist)

**Robert T. Paine** (born 13 Aprile 1933 in Cambridge, Massachusetts; died 13 Juin 2016 in Seattle, Washington) wis a American zoologist wha wirkit fur the feck o his career at the University o Washington. He wis the inventor o the term cunyie species fur tae descreive the relation atween the scoskie Pisaster ochraceus an the mussel Mytilus californianus.
Cunyie species

The term **Cunyie species** means a species o ainimal or ither livin thing that is mair important nor whit a body wad dout gien thar no ower mony o thaim. The concep is ower important in the reconsideration o roles in ecosystems. The concep wis cleckit bi Robert Paine.

## References
Scots Tory an Unionist Pairty

The **Scots Tory an Unionist Pairty** (; , informally kent as the **Scots [[Tory|Tories]]**, is the section o the Unitit Kinrick Tory Pairty that operates in Scotland. It describes itsel as a centre-richt poleetical pairty.

## References
Ruth Davidson

**The Rt Hon. Ruth Elizabeth Davidson, futur Baroness Davidson** (born 10 November 1978 in Edinburgh) is a Scots Conservative Pairty politician an jurnalist, haein been a Member o the Scots Pairlament syne 2011. She wis leader o the Conservatives fae the 4 November 2011 till the 29 August 2019.

## History as a Memmer o the Scots Pairlament
She wis eleckit leader o the Scots Conservative Pairty on 4 November 2011, in succession tae Annabel Goldie. She led her pairty throu the Scots unthirldom referendum, 2014, in whilk she campaigned fur Scotland tae remain in the Unitit Kinrick. She forby led the pairty throu the 2015 an 2017 Unitit Kinrick general elections. Her pairty increased its total o MPs frae ane in the first ane tae 13 in the seicont ane. She wis leader fur the 2016 Brexit referendum, in whilk she campaigned fur tae bide in the EU, an the 2016 Scots Pairlament election, in whilk her pairty owertuik Labour intae seicont place. She propaled her demission as  on the 29 August 2019. She will become Baroness efter the Scots Pairlament election, 2021.

## Personal Life
Ruth Davidson an her pairtner Jen Wilson haes a son, Finn Paul Davidson, that wis born on the 26 October 2018.

## References
National Hockey League

The **National Hockey League** (**NHL**; ; ) is a professional ice hockey league componed o 32 member clubs: 25 in the Unitit States an 7 in Canadae.

## Notes
Operation Barbarossa

**Operation Barbarossa** (German: *Unternehmen Barbarossa*) wis the code name for Nazi Germany's Warld War II invasion o the Soviet Union, which began on 22 Juin 1941. The operation wis driven bi Adolf Hitler's ideological desire tae conquer Soviet territory as ootlined in his 1925 manifesto *[[Mein Kampf]]* ("Ma Struggle").

## References

## Soorces

*{{cite web |title=Army vs. NKVD figures |publisher=World War II Stats |url=http://ww2stats.com/pow_sow_tot.html  |accessdate=3 April 2015 |ref=
* 
* 
* 
*  
* 
* {{cite web |title=Heeresarzt 10-Day Casualty Reports per Theater of War, 1941 |publisher=World War II Stats |url=http://ww2stats.com/cas_ger_okh_tow41.html  |accessdate=10 May 2013 |ref=
* 
* 
*
Scoskie

**Scoskies** (Asteroidea) is a class o ainimals that is pairt o the Echinodermata phylum. Scoskie growens hae five pynts; airms tae thaim an bide in the watter.

## References
Mount Floridae

**Mount Floridae** is a area in the sootheastren corner o the Scots city o Glesga, Scotland.

## Oreegins
The Glesga destrict o Mount Floridae oreeginatit on the "Lands of Mount Floridon" which wur describit in detail when affered for sale at auction on 21 September 1814.  The notice in the *Glasgow Herald* describit the estate as consistin o upwairds o , wi a mansion hoose conteenin 2 dwellins an gardens well stockit wi fruit trees.

Contemporar maps frae the 1850s show the auld hoose renamit as "Mount Floridae, (Ruin)". It wis entered frae Prospecthill Road an consistit o twa semi-detached dwellins an surroondin gardens.

Hintle o the present suburb is situatit in the area tae the sooth o the auld hoose. This grund wis pairt o the "Lands of Clincart", which wur put up for sale bi auction on 28 Juin 1836. A fermhoose an 95 acres o laund wur affert for potential residential development.

## References

## Freemit airtins
*Mount Floridae – Illustrated Guide 
*Mount Florida Community Council
Norlin Airlan natiounal fitba team

The Norlin Airlan (Ulstèr-Scotch; in Lallans *Northren Ireland*) natiounal fitba team represents the kintrie in internaitional fitbaw. Frae 1882 tae 1921 aw o Airlan wis representit bi an aw-Airlan natiounal fitba team, organisit bi the Irish Football Association (IFA).  In 1921 the jurisdiction o the IFA wis reducit tae Norlin Airlan follaein the secession o clubs in the suin-tae-be Erse Free State, awtho its team remained the naitional team for aw o Airlan till 1950, an uised the name *Ireland* til the 1970s. The Football Association of Ireland (FAI) organises the separate Republic o Ireland naitional fitbaw team.

## Notes

## References

## Freemit airtins

* Irish Football Association – Northern Ireland Football offeecial steid
* Northern Ireland Stats & Statistics
* RSSSF archive of international results 1882–
* RSSSF archive of most capped players and highest goalscorers
Nevis

**Nevis** is a smaw island in the Caribbean Sea that forms pairt o the inner arc o the Leeward Islands chain o the Wast Indies.

## References
Bangka-Belitung Islands

The **Bangka-Belitung Islands** (Indonesie: *Kepulauan Bangka Belitung*, Jawi: , ) is a province o Indonesie, previously a pairt o Sooth Sumatra Province.

## References
George Best

**George Best** (22 Mey 1946&nbsp;– 25 November 2005) wis a Northren Erse professional fitbawer wha played as a weenger for Manchester United an the Northren Ireland naitional team, an aw wae some others.
Saunt Pierre an Miquelon

**Owerseas collectivity o Saunt Pierre an Miquelon** (, ) is a sel-govrenin territorial owerseas collectivity o Fraunce, situatit in the northwastren Atlantic Ocean near Newfoundland. It is the anly remnant o the umwhile colonial empire o New Fraunce that remains unner French control,

## References
Māori

**Māori** or **Maori** can refer tae:
* Māori fowk o New Zealand, or members o that group
* Māori leid, the leid o the Māori fowk
* Māori cultur, the cultur o the Māori fowk
* Māori mythology, the meethology an the tradeetions o the Māori fowk
* Māori religion, the releegion o the Māori fowk
* Tā moko, tattoos bi Māori
* Cook Islanders, the Māori o the Cook Islands
* Cook Islands Māori, the leid o the Cook Islanders

## Ships

* HMS ''Maori'', either o twa Ryal Navy ships
* SS ''Maori'', a steamship o the Shaw Savill Line, wrecked wi loss o life in a storm in 1909 on the Cape Peninsula, near Cape Toun 

## Sports teams

* New Zealand Māori cricket team
* New Zealand Māori rugby league team
* New Zealand Māori rugby union team

## Leeteratur

* *Maori*, a novelle bi Alan Dean Foster
Vágar

**Vágar** () is ane o the 18 islands in the airchipelago o the Faroe Islands an the maist westerly of the *laige islands*. Wit a size o  (aboot 70 sq. mile/181,3 sq. km), it ranks nummer three, ahind Streymoy an Eysturoy.
Loch Peipus

**Loch Peipus** (;  (Pskovsko-Chudskoe ozero), ) is the biggest transboondary loch in Europe on the border atween Estonie (pairt o European Union) an Roushie.

## References
Aeolus

**Aeolus** (; , *Aiolos* , Modren Greek: ), a name shared bi three meethical characters, wis the ruler o the winds in Greek meethology.

## References
Orsha

**Orša** (, *Ворша*;  ) is a ceety in Belaroushie in Vitebsk Region on the fork o the Dnieper an Arshytsa rivers.

## Sister ceeties
*Spitak,  Armenie, syne 2013.

## References
Bourg-de-Péage

**Bourg-de-Péage** (; Vivaro-Alpine dialect o ) is a French commune an toun in the Drôme depairtment in the region o Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes.
Velbert

**Velbert** is a muckle toun in the destrict o Mettmann, in North Rhine-Westphalie, Germany.

## References
Imperialism

**Imperialism** is a teep o advocacy o empire. Its name oreeginatit frae the Laitin wird *"[[imperium]]"*, which means tae rule ower muckle territories.
Separation o pouers

The **separation o pouers**, eften imprecisely uised interchyngeably wi the ***trias politica*** principle, is a model for the govrenance o a state (or wha controls the state). The model wis first developed in auncient Greece. Unner this model, the state is dividit intae branches, each wi separate an independent pouers an auries o responsibility so that the pouers o ane branch are nae in conflict wi the pouers associatit wi the ither branches. The teepical diveesion o branches is intae a legislatur, an executive, an a judiciary.  It can be contrastit wi the fusion o pouers in a pairlamentary seestem whaur the executive an legislatur (an sometimes pairts o the judiciary) are unified.

## References
Heid o govrenment

**Heid o govrenment** is a generic term uised for owther the heichest or seicont heichest offeecial in the executive brainch o a sovereign state, a federatit state, or a self-govrenin colony wha aften presides ower a cabinet.

## Relatit pages
*Leet o current heids o state an govrenment
Continental Congress

The **Continental Congress**, kent as the **Philadelphia Congress** an aw, wis a convention o delegates cawed thegither frae the Thirteen Colonies which acame the govrenin bouk o the Unitit States (USA) during the American Revolution.
Declaration o the Richts o Man an o the Ceetizen

The **Declaration o the richts o Man an o the Ceetizen** (), passed bi Fraunce's Naitional Constituent Assembly in August 1789, is a fundamental document o the French Revolution an in the history o human an ceevil richts. The Declaration wis directly influenced bi Thomas Jefferson, wirkin wi General Lafayette, wha introduced it.

## References

## See an aw
*Unitit States Declaration o Unthirldom
*Declaration o Arbroath
Caipital puinishment

**Caipital puinishment**, forbye kent as the **daith penalty**, is a govrenment sanctioned practice whaurbi a body is put tae daith bi the state as a puinishment for a crime.The sentence that someane be puinished in sic a manner is referred tae as a **daith sentence**, whauras the act o carryin oot the sentence is kent as an **execution**.

## Soorces
Craigtoun

**Craigtoun** () can refer tae:

*Craigtoun, Angus, a veelage in Angus, Scotland
*Craigtoun, East Dunbartonshire, a aurie o Mulguye, Scotland
*Craigtoun, Glesga, a suburb o Glesga, Scotland
*Craigtoun, Hieland, a veelage in Hieland, Scotland
*Craigtoun, Stirlin, a hamlet in Stirlin, Scotland
Maoism

**Mao Zedong Thought** (), or **Maoism**, is a poleetical theory derived frae the teachins o the Cheenese poleetical leader Mao Zedong (1893–1976). Developed frae the 1950s till the Deng Xiaoping reforms in the 1970s, it wis widely applied as the guidin poleetical an militar ideology o the Communist Pairty o Cheenae (CPC), an as theory guidin revolutionary muivements aroond the warld. The essential difference atween Maoism an ither forms o Marxism is that Mao claimed that peasants should be the essential revolutionary cless in Cheenae, acause, contrar tae thair industrial wirkin "comrades," thay war mair suitit tae establishin a successfu revolution an socialist society in Cheenae.
Meritocracy

**Meritocracy** (*merit*, frae Laitin *mereō* "I earn" an *-cracy*, frae Auncient Greek κράτος ** "strength, pouer") is a poleetical filosofie hauldin that pouer should be vestit in individuals awmaist exclusively based on ability an talent.

## References
Hugh Hefner

**Hugh Marston Hefner** (born Aprile 9, 1926; died September 27, 2017) was an American adult magazine publisher, businessman, an a well-kent Playboy.

He died September 27, 2017 in Beverly Hills at 91 year auld.
Walt Whitman

**Walter** "**Walt**" **Whitman** (Mey 31, 1819&nbsp;– Mairch 26, 1892) wis an American poet, essayist, an jurnalist.
Unthirldom

**Unthirldom** () is a condeetion o a naition, kintra, or state in which its residents an population, or some portion thereof, exercise sel-govrenment, an uisually sovereignty, ower the territory.
Corruption

**Corruption** is a form o unhonest or unethical conduct bi a person entrustit wi a poseetion o authority, eften tae acquire personal benefit.

## References
Unitit Naitions Chairter

The **Chairter o the Unitit Naitions** (**UN Chairter**) o 1945 is the foondational treaty o the Unitit Naitions, an intergovrenmental organisation. It wis signed at the San Francisco War Memorial an Performin Airts Center in San Francisco, Unitit States, on the 26t Juin 1945, bi 50 o the 51 oreeginal member kintras. (Poland, the ither oreeginal member, at wisna represent at the conference, signed it twa month efter.)

In 1948, the Unitit Naitions deponet upstaunin human richts,  an rules an obligations whit are bindin oan evera member kintra.

## References
Graham Hill

**Norman Graham Hill**  (15 Februar 1929 – 29 November 1975) wis a Breetish racin driver an team awner frae Ingland, wha wis twice Formula Ane Warld Champion.

## References
John Surtees

**John Surtees**,  (born 11 Februar 1934; died 10 Mairch 2017) wis a Breetish umwhile Grand Prix motorcycle road racer an Formula Ane driver.
Conservative Pairty (UK) leadership election, 2016

The **2016 Conservative Pairty leadership election**, wis completit bi 11 Julie 2016, wi Theresa May winnin. It wis expectit efter David Cameron, the current leader an Prime Meenister o the Unitit Kinrick, annoonced he would step doun bi October 2016 follaein the Leave result in the UK's referendum on EU membership.

## References
New York Knicks

The **New York Knickerbockers**, commonly referred tae as the **Knicks**, are an American professional basketbaw team based in New York Ceety.

## References
Craigtoun, Angus

**Craigtoun** is a veelage in Angus, Scotland. It lees tae the north o the Downie Hills, approximately three mile north o Carnoustie. Immediately tae the wast o the veelage lee the reservoirs o Monikie Country Park, an tae the sooth is the Panmure Testimonial.

## References
Craigtoun, Glesga

**Craigtoun** () is a residential suburb soothwast the Scots ceety o Glesga. It bunds Bellahouston Pairk, Cardonald an Gouan. It haes a primar schuil, Craigtoun Primary School, a smaw industrial estate an a hantle tchaps linin Paisley Road West.  Craigtoun Cemetery is belyve wast Craigton an wis appent in 1873.

## References
Strichen

**Strichen** is a smaw village in Aiberdeenshire, Scotland. It sits on the A981, connectin it tae New Deer, 7.2 mile tae the soothwast, an the Broch, 8 mile tae the nor'-nor'east, an the B9093, connectin it tae Cyaak aboot 4 mile tae the wast. The village taks its name fae Laird Strachen. It is locatit on the River Ugie at the fithill o Mormond Hill. The Strichen White Horse is makit o quartz on Mormond Hill, some 1,500 metre nor'east o Strichen.

## History
There is muckle evidents o airly man bidin in an aroon Strichen. Strichen Stane Circle can be fand near Strichen Hoose on publicly aiccessible laund. Cairn Catto an a nummer o tumuli lie forder sooth.

There ar mony listit biggins inwith the village. The maist significant is the category A listit Toun Hoose biggit tae a design bi Aiberdeen airchitecht John Smith in 1816. It is descrieved bi Historic Scotland as an "excellent example of an early 19th century castellated Town House".

Strichen Hoose, designt in 1821 bi John Smith as weel, wis peyed fur bi Thomas Fraser, 12t Laird Lovat. It fawen intae ruin in 1954.

Strichen Schuil wis designed bi Aiberdeen airchitect Robert Gordon Wilson in 1873.

## Notable fowk
Scotland's umwhile First Meenister Rt Hon Alex Salmond bides in a converted mill in the village wi his wife Moira.

Author an screenscriever Lorna Moon wis born in Strichen in 1886. Her 1925 quair o short stories *Doorways in Drumorty* wis scrieved when she bided in Hollywood an is based on her mindins o Strichen. Her 1929 novelle *Dark Star* featurs scenes o Strichen an Aiberdeenshire as weel.

Serial killer Dennis Nilsen spent pairt o his bairnhood in Strichen.

The bacteriologist Robert Cruickshank FRSE wis born here.

## References
Golden State Warriors

The **Golden State Warriors** are an American professional basketbaw team based in San Francisco, Californie.

## Notes


## References
River Ythan

The **Ythan** is a river in the north-east o Scotland risin at Wells o Ythan near the veelage o Ythanwells an flowin sooth-eastwards throu the touns o Fyvie, Methlick an Ellon afore flowin intae the North Sea near Neeburgh, in Formartine.

## References
Ythanwells

**Ythanwells** is a veelage in the Marr aurie o Aiberdeenshire, Scotland, lyin  east o Huntly.

## References
Fyvie

**Fyvie** is a clachan in the Formartine airt o Aiberdeenshire, Scotland. Thare a fowk sang anent a lue atween a Erse sodger an a lass frae the clachan cried "The Bonnie Lass o Fyvie".

## Etymology
In Scottish Gaelic literatur, it hes been refert tae as , i the contex , the Earl of Fyvie. This derives frae , umwhile , a auld wird fur wid.

## References
Neebrie

**Neebrie** is a coastal veelage in Aiberdeenshire, Scotland. The veelage dates tae 1261 AD, when Laird Sinclair wantit tae establish a chaipel in the aurie.

## References
Capitol Hill (disambiguation)

**[[Capitol Hill]]** is a neebourheid o Washington, D.C., adjacent tae the U.S. Capitol.

**Capitol Hill** mey refer tae an aw:

## Places
* Capitol Hill (Denver), a neebourheid o Denver, Colorado
* Capitol Hill, New Jersey, a neebourheid o Edgewater Park, New Jersey
* Capitol Hill (Oklahoma City), a neebourheid in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
* Capitol Hill, a aurie o West Portland Park, a neebourheid in Portland, Oregon
* Capitol Hill (Salt Lake City), a hill an neebourheid in Salt Lake City, Utah
* Capitol Hill, Seattle, a neebourheid o Seattle, Washington.
** Capitol Hill station, a train station servin the neebourheid
* Capitol Hill (Burnaby), a hill an neebourheid in Burnaby, Breetish Columbie
* Capitol Hill, Calgary, a neebourheid in Calgary, Alberta
* Capitol Hill, Saipan (or Capital Hill), the caipital o the Northren Mariana Islands

## Ither uisses
* Unitit States Capitol

## See an aw
* Capital Hill
* Capitoline Hill, the oreeginal Capitol Hill in Roum, Italy
Tamintoul

**Tamintoul** (, frae , meanin "Hillock o the Barn") is a veelage in the Moray cooncil area o Scotland; till 1975 it wis in the coonty o Banffshire.

## References
Banffshire

**Banffshire** () is a umwhile coonty, an a Lieutenancy area o Scotland. The **Coonty o Banff** is a Scots registration coonty.

## References
Towie, Aiberdeenshire

**Towie** ([ˈtaʊ̯wiː];  "hole place") is a clachan in Aiberdeenshire, Scotland, naur tae Alford an Lumsden, on the River Don.

## References
Allan Wells

**Allan Wipper Wells** MBE (born 3 Mey 1952) is an umwhile Breetish track an field sprenter wha acame the 100 metres Olympic champion at the 1980 Simmer Olympics in Moscow.

## References
1908 Simmer Olympics

The **1908 Simmer Olympics**, offeecially the **Gemmes o the IV Olympiad**, war an internaitional multi-sport event which wis held in 1908 in Lunnon, Ingland, Unitit Kinrick.

## References
Donald III o Scotland

**Donald III** (Medieval Gaelic: **Domnall mac Donnchada**; Modren Gaelic: *Dòmhnall mac Dhonnchaidh*), an nicknamed "Donald the Fair" or "Donald the White" (Medieval Gaelic:"Domnall Bán", anglicised as **Donald Bane/Bain** or **Donalbane/Donalbain**), (1033&ndash;1099) wis King o Scots frae 1093–1094 an 1094–1097.

## Notes

## References
*McDonald, R. Andrew, *Outlaws of Medieval Scotland: Challenges to the Canmore Kings, 1058–1266.* Tuckwell Press, East Linton, 2003. ISBN 1-86232-236-8
Jujube

***Ziziphus jujuba*** (frae Greek *ζίζυφον*, *zízyphon*), commonly cried **jujube** (whiles jujuba), **reid date**, **Cheenese date**, **Korean date**, or **Indian date** is a species o *[[Ziziphus]]* in the buckthorn faimily (Rhamnaceae).

## References
Rhamnaceae

***Rhamnaceae*** is a lairge faimily o flouerin plants, maistly trees, shrubs, an some vines, commonly cawed the **buckthorn faimily**.

## References
Istanbul Atatürk Airport

**Istanbul Atatürk Airport**  () is a general aviation, business, an state aircraft airport in Istanbul. It closed tae commercial passenger flichts on 6 Apryle 2019, transferrin commercial passenger flichts tae Istanbul Airport.

## References
Lucifer

**Lucifer** (; ) is the Keeng James Version renderin o the Ebreu wird  in Isaiah .

## References

## Freemit airtins

*
Idris Elba

**Idrissa Akuna** "**Idris**" **Elba**,  (born 6 September 1972) is an Inglis actor, muisicker, vyce actor an DJ.

## References
1912 Simmer Olympics

The **1912 Simmer Olympics** (Swadish: *Olympiska sommarspelen 1912*), offeecially kent as the **Gemmes o the V Olympiad**, war an internaitional multi-sport event held in Stockholm, Swaden, atween 5 Mey an 22 Julie 1912.
Narraetail catshairk

The **narraetail catshairk**, *Schroederichthys maculatus*, is a catshairk o the faimily Scyliorhinidae, foond aff the coasts o Honduras an Nicaragua, atween latitudes 18° N an 10° N, at depths atween . It can grow up tae a lenth o . The reproduction o this catshairk is oviparous.

## Description
The narrowtail catshark is vera elongatit baith as an adult an as a juvenile, growin tae a lenth o aboot . The dorsal surface an flanks are licht grey or tan, spottit wi white. Juveniles hae sax tae nine licht broun saddle-shapit markins dorsally, but these fade in adultheid. The unnerpairts are pale.

## Distribution
The narraetail catshairk is endemic tae the Caribbean Sea whaur it is foond aff the coasts o Honduras, Nicaragua an Colombie, an in the aurie o sea atween Honduras an Jamaica. It occupees the edge o the continental shelf an the upper pairts o the slope, its depth range bein atween aboot . It prefers tae be abuin seabeds componit o fine calcareous materials.

## Ecology
The narraetail catshairk is a demersal species, cruisin alang close tae the seabed an feedin mainly on smaw fish an cephalopods. Ane specimen wis foond tae hae algae in its stomach. This catshark is oviparous, the female probably producin ane egg in each oviduct, an the developing embryos dependin on the egg yowk for nourishment. Acause this species reteens the same bouk proportions at aw ages while ither members o the genus dae no, it haes been suggestit that it is a pedomorphic dwarf, reteenin its juvenile fuirm an maturin at a hintle smawer size than ither members o the genus.

## Status
Vera little is kent aboot this shaork an its ecology. It haes a restrictit range but is subject tae little fishin pressur acause there are nae commercial trawl fisheries operatin in the Caribbean Sea at the depths at which this fish lives. In the absence o kent threats, the population is presumit tae be stable, an the Internaitional Union for Conservation o Naitur haes assessed its conservation status as bein o "least concern".

## References
Scots Guards

The **Scots Guards** (**SG**), pairt o the Guards Diveesion, is ane o the Fit Guards regiments o the Breetish Airmy. Their origins lie i the personal bodyguard o Charles I, Keeng o Scots. Its lineage can be tracit back tae 1642, althouch it wis only placit on the english establishment (thus becomin part o whit is now the british army) i 1686. It is the oldest formit regiment i the regular army, more sae than any other i the household brigade. 

## Battle honours
The battle honours o the Scots Guards are as follows:
***Pre-First World War**: Namur 1695, Dettingen, Lincelles, Egypt, Talavera, Barrosa, Fuentes de oñoro, Salamanca, Nive, Peninsula, Waterloo, Alma, Inkerman, Sevastopol, Tel-er-Kebir, Egypt 1882, Suakin 1885, Modder river, South Africa 1899–1902
***First World War**:
** *Western Front*: Retreat from Mons, Marne 1914, Aisne 1914, Ypres 1914 1917, Langemarck 1914, Gheluvelt, Nonne Bosschen, Givenchy 1914, Neuve Chapelle, Aubers, Festubert 1915, Loos, Somme 1916 1918, Flers–courcelette, Morval, Pilckem, Poelcapelle, Cambrai 1917 1918, St. Quentin, Albert 1918, Bapaume 1918, Arras 1918, Drocourt-Quéant, Hindenburg Line, Havrincourt, Canal du Nord, Selle, Sambre, France an Flanders 1914–18
***Second World War**:
***North-West Europe*: Stien, Norway 1940, Quarry Hill, Estry, Venlo Pocket, Rhineland, Reichswald, Kleve, Moyland, Hochwald, Rhine, Lingen, Uelzen, North-West Europe 1944–45
***North Africa*: Halfaya 1941, Sidi Suleiman, Tobruk 1941, Gazala, Knightsbridge, Defence o Alamein Line, Medenine, Tadjera Khir, Medjez Plain, Grich el Oued, Djebel Bou Aoukaz 1943 I, North Africa 1941–43
***Italy*: Salerno, Battipaglia, Volturno Crossing, Rocchetta e Croce, Monte Camino, Campoleone, Carroceto, Trasimene Line, Advance tae Florence, Monte San Michele, Catarelto Ridge, Argenta Gap, Italy 1943–45
***Post World War II**: Tumbledown Mountain (Falkland Islands 1982), Gulf 1991

## Alliances
* – 3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment
* – 

## References


## External links

* Scots Guards Homepage
* Scots Guards Association Homepage
Historial fencing i Scotland

Thare is some evidence on historical fencing as practiced in Scotland in the Early Modren Era, especially fencin wi the Scots basket-hilted broadsword throu the 17t tae 18t centuries.

Maist o wir current knawledge o thir airts derives frae various combative treatises or Martial airts manuals, as weel as scrieved anecdotes (i.e. battle accoonts, folklore, etc.) an airtistic representations frae different stoonds an locations in Scots historie (see Penicuik Sketches).

## References
Eduardo Vargas

**Eduardo Jesús Vargas Rojas** (; born 20 November 1989) is a Chilean fitbawer who plays as a forward for Liga MX club Tigres UANL an the Chile naitional team.

## References

## Freemit airtins

*BDFA profile
*UEFA announcement