open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Lada Kalina

The **Lada Kalina** is a low cost supermini caur sauld unner the Lada marque an produced bi the Roushie automaker AvtoVAZ. Its mass production began in November 2004, but it became available for purchase amaist a year later.

The three models developt are:
* Lada 1117 – 5-door station wagon (production began in 2007/2008)
* Lada 1118 – 4-door sedan (full production began in 2005/2006)
* Lada 1119 – 5-door hatchback (full production began in 2006)

Thare are twa petrol ingines, wi 81 an 91 hp (60 an 68&nbsp;kW). The Kalina is exportit tae maist Wastren European markets wi a price o aboot € 7000-8000. It affers driver an passenger airbags, ABS, electric pouer steerin, air conditionin an rear seats that can be foldit sae that a horizontal platform is formed. On the ither haund, automatic transmission, electronic stability control an side airbags are no affered.

Its name is Kalina in maist countries, but in Finland it is marketed as **Lada 119**, acause "kalina" means "rattle" in Finnish. It is no sauld in certaint markets. A sportier version, the **Lada Kalina GS Sport**, is an aa produced. Its main competitors are caurs lik the Dacia Logan an Hyundai Accent.

Lada's parent company AvtoVAZ haes an aa released a Super 1600 concept caur, the **Lada Kalina Hatchback Super 1600** which theoretically is a competitor tae the Dacia Logan Super 2000 or S2000. It uises the same 1.6 petrol as standard models but it is no naturally aspiratit. It uises a turbocharger or a supercharger. The racin caur's pouer range is ~200-~300&nbsp;bhp, but the IAA concept haed a naturally aspiratit 1.6 ingine wi 120 bhp.

A Lada Kalina is uised as a "Reasonably-Priced Caur" in Top Gear Russia.

## Ingines

* 1.4 16V, straight-4, 1390 cc, 91 PS (67&nbsp;kW)
* 1.6 8V, straight-4, 1596 cc, 81 PS (60&nbsp;kW)

## Name

The name 'Kalina' comes frae the Roushie name for a teep o viburnum.

## Gallery

Image:Lada_Kalina_rear_20081218.jpg|Lada Kalina Hatchback
Image:Lada_Kalina_front_20081218.jpg|Lada Kalina Hatchback
Image:Lada Kalina 1118 Cranberry Heck.JPG|Lada Kalina Sedan
Image:Lada_Kalina_1118_Cranberry.JPG|Lada Kalina Sedan
Image:Lada_Kalina_(1119)_Super_1600.jpg|Lada Kalina Super 1600
Image:Lada_Kalina_(1119)_Super_1600_rear.jpg|Lada Kalina Super 1600


## See forbye
* AvtoVAZ
* Automobile model numberin system in USSR an Roushie
* Lada

## Freemit airtins
* VAZ  - VAZ offeecial wabsteid
* Kalina - Offeecial Kalina wabsteid
* Lada Kalina Club - Offeecial Lada Kalina Club
* Lada Kalina Club in Ukraine - Ukrainian community o Lada Kalina drivers
* Lada Cars reviews ,images , infos (in Inglis)
Triumph Speed Twin

The **Triumph Speed Twin 5T** wis a Breetish motorcycle made bi Triumph at thair Coventry factory. Edward Turner, Triumph’s Chief Designer an Managin Director, launched the Triumph Speed Twin at the 1937 Naitional Motorcycle Show. Costin £75, it wis a 500 cc OHV vertical twin in a lichtweight frame an the first truly successfu Breetish twin, settin the standard for mony twins tae follae. Efter Warld War II the Speed Twin wis responsible for the survival o Triumph - an ivery major Breetish marque affered a 500 cc twin designed on seemilar lines tae the Speed Twin.

## History

Edward Turner’s Triumph twin wis a major turnin pynt for the Breetish motorcycle industry, as awtho a 500 cc parallel twin o medium capacity wis no revolutionary, the 5T Speed Twin model wis lichter than mony contemporary singles wi significantly mair pouer an torque. Early models wur ae available in 'Amaranth reid' wi haund paintit gowd pinstripes tae set aff the chrome.  Initially the ane piece iron cylinder wis secured wi sax studs which led tae weakness, sae thir wur replaced bi aicht studs. The twa cylinders wur fed bi a single Amal Teep 6 carburettor an mony features sic as the transmission an clutch wur straucht frae the Triumph single. Oreeginally wi girder forks, the sprung saddle wis the ae rear suspension as the Speed Twin haed a rigid frame - an aa frae the single cylinder production line. On the nicht o the 14t November 1940 the majority o the ceety-centre o Coventry wis destroyed bi German bombs an the Triumph factory (which wis workin on an order o thoosans o military specification 5T's) wis completely wiped oot, an aw o Triumph's technical records, drawins an designs wur destroyed.

## Development
Efter the war the recovery o Triumph at Meriden wis lairgely due tae the Speed Twin, which wis developed in 1947 wi telescopic forks an optional [sprung hub] rear suspension. In 1952, the Speed Twin caused controversy amang traditional Breetish riders as the generator an magneto wur replaced wi a Lucas alternator an battery/coil ignition seestem.

Further development led tae the 5TA wi a 'unit' ingine an gearbox construction an stylin changes includin the 'Bathtub' fairins' which continued in production throu tae 1966.

## References

## See an aa
* Lunnon Motorcycle Museum

## External links
* 1938 Speed Twin 
* Triumph Speed Twin review
PlayStation 2

The **PlayStation 2** *(プレイステーション2; Pureisutēshon Tsū)*, abbreviatit **PS2** official-like, is a saxt-generation video gemme console pit oot bi Sony. The successor tae the PlayStation, an the predecessor tae the PlayStation 3, the PlayStation 2 is pairt o the PlayStation series o video gemme consoles.  Its development wis annooncit in Mairch 1999 an it wis pit oot a year later in Japan. Its primary competitors war Sega's Dreamcast, VM Labs's Nuon, Microsoft's Xbox, an Nintendo's GameCube.

The PS2 is the best-sellin console tae date, haein raxit ower 140 mulȝeon units selt fae 30 September 2009. In late 2009, wi developers pittin thegither new gemmes an the console still sellin steady-like awmaist a decade efter its original oot-date, Sony stappit supportin the PS2 on Januar 3rd, 2013.

In 2009, IGN cried the PlayStation 2 as the third best video gemme console o aw time, oot o a field o 25.

## References
PlayStation 3

The **PlayStation 3**, プレイステーション3; Pureisutēshon Surī, offeecially abbreviatit as ***PS3*** is the third hame video gemme console produced bi Sony Computer Entertainment an the successor tae the PlayStation 2 as pairt o the PlayStation series. The PlayStation 3 competes wi Microsoft's Xbox 360 an Nintendo's Wii as pairt o the seivent generation o video gemme consoles.

## References
PlayStation (console)

The **PlayStation**; プレイステーション:Pureisutēshon; Offeecially abbreviatit as **PS**; sometimes referred tae as the  **PSX**, **PS1**, or **PSone** is a 32-bit fifth-generation video game console first released by Sony Computer Entertainment in Japan on December 3, 1994.

The PlayStation wis the first o the PlayStation series o consoles an handheld game devices. Successor consoles an upgrades include the Net Yaroze, PS one, PSX, PocketStation, PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable, an PlayStation 3. The PlayStation wis the first "computer entertainment platform" tae ship 100 million units, which it haed reached 9 years an 6 month efter its initial launch.

In 2009 the PlayStation wis named the 7t greatest video game console o aw time, oot o a field o 25, bi IGN.

## References
PlayStation (disambiguation)

**[[PlayStation]]** is a gemmin brand o hame video gemme consoles an associatit products frae Sony Interactive Entertainment.

**PlayStation** mey refer tae specific versions o the products an aw:
* PlayStation (console), the first console in the series
* ''PlayStation'' (yacht), a catamaran

## See an aw
* PlayStation 2 (PS2)
* PlayStation 3 (PS3)
* PlayStation 4 (PS4)
* PlayStation 5 (PS5)
* PlayStation Portable (PSP)
* PlayStation Vita, a successor tae the PSP
* PSX (video gemme console), a PlayStation 2-based digital video recorder
* PlayStation Productions, a film production division
Yearning

**Yearning** mey refer tae:

* ''Yearning'' (1964 film) (*[[Midareru]]*), a Japanese film
* ''Yearning'' (1990 film), an Armenian drama film
* ''Yearning'' (album), a 1994 ambient album
* ''Yearning'' (baund), an atmospheric doom metal baund frae Finland
* Yearning (2009 Film)

**Definition:**
deep longin, frae feelins o tenderness or sadness
Isabel Martínez de Perón

**María Estela Martínez Cartas** (born 4 Februar 1931), better kent as **Isabel Martínez de Perón** (her mairrit name) or juist **Isabel Perón**, wis the 42nt Preses o Argentinae. She wis an aa the third wife o anither umwhile Preses, Juan Perón.

Durin her husband's third term as preses, Isabel served as vice preses, an follaein her husband's daith in office, Isabel served as preses frae 1 Julie 1974 tae 24 Mairch 1976. She wis the first nan-ryal female heid o state an heid o govrenment in the Wastren Hemisphere.
Ford Prefect

The **Ford Prefect** is a line o Breetish caurs produced bi the UK section o the Ford Motor Company, an a mair upmarket version o its direct siblings the Ford Popular an Ford Anglia.  It wis introduced in 1938 an remained in production till 1941; returnin tae the mercat in 1945, it wis affered till 1961.  The caur progressed in 1953 frae its oreeginal perpendicular or 'sit-up-an-beg' style tae a mair modren three-box structur.

Lik its siblings, the caur became a popular basis for a hot rod especially in Breetain whaur baith its lichtweight structur an its  fower cylinder ingines appealed tae builders.
__TOC__

## E93A (1938-49)

The Ford Prefect wis introduced in 1938 an biggit bi the Ford plant in Dagenham, Essex. The oreeginal Ford Prefect wis a slicht rewirkin o the previous year's 7Y, the first Ford caur designed ootside o Detroit, Michigan. It wis designed specifically for the Breetish mercat. It haed a 1200 cc side valve ingine wi thermocirculation radiator (nae pump) an the ability tae be stairtit bi a crank haundle shoud the battery no hae sufficient pouer tae turn the stairter motor runnin frae the 6 Volt chargin seestem. The windscreen wipers wur pouered bi the vacuum portit frae the ingine intake manifold - as the caur laboured uphill the wipers wad slow tae a standstill due tae the intake manifold vacuum droppin tae near nil, ae tae stairt workin again as the tap wis reached an the intake vacuum increased.
The windscreen opened forrit pivotin on hinges on the tap edge; twa flaps aither side o the scuttle an aa let air intae the caur.

The maist common body styles wur twa an fower door saloons but pre war a few tourers an coupés wur made. Post war ae fower door saloons wur available on the hame mercat but twa door models wur made for export.

41,486 wur made up tae 1941 an a further 158,007 atween 1945 an 1948.

## E493A (1949–53)

Post war, the Prefect design changed little till replaced in 1952. The headlamps moved intae the wings an trafficators wur fittit (internally lit semaphores sprungin oot frae the door pillars tae signal left an richt turns), tho due tae space restrictions thir wur left oot on the Australian-biggit Ute. Ae fower door saloons wur available on the hame mercat, the twa door sector bein left tae the Anglia but some wur made for export.

The brakes remained mechanically operated uisin the Girling rod seestem wi 10 in (250&nbsp;mm) drums an the chassis still haed transverse leaf springs front an rear.

A Prefect testit bi the Breetish magazine The Motor in 1948 haed a tap speed o  an coud accelerate frae 0-0-50&nbsp;mph (80&nbsp;km/h) in 22.8 seconds. A fuel consumption o  wis recorded. The test car which haed the optional leather upholstery cost £412 includin taxes. In standard form thay commented that it wis the cheapest 4-door car on the Breetish mercat.

192,229 war made.

## References
Emblem o Djibouti

The **Naitional Emblem o [[Djibouti]]** wis introduced efter attainin unthirldom on 27 Juin 1977. It is bordered on the sides wi laurel branches. Athin this perimeter thare is a vertical spear, in front o which is a shield. Unnerneath the shield, twa haunds rise away frae the spear, baith o which carry a lairge knife. These twa haunds seembolise the main twa ethnic groups o the naition: the ethnic group Afar an the ethnic group Issa. The spear is topt bi a reid star.
Coat o airms o the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

The **Naitional Emblem o the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic** is a seembol creatit bi the Polisario Front, the pro-unthirldom movement for Wastren Sahara. The Polisario Front proclaimed the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic on Februar 27, 1976.

The seembol depicts twa crossed rifles wi the SADR banner hangin frae aither gun. Centered abuin them, is a reid crescent an starn, Islamic imagery. Surroondin the guns an crescent are twa olive branches, ane on aither side. At the bottom is written in Arabic the Polisario motto "حرية ديمقراطية وحدة" (Inglis:"Liberty, democracy, unity") in black on a reid banner.
Seal o Mauritanie

The **seal o Mauritanie** (Arabic:**شعار الجمهورية الإسلامية الموريتانية**, French:*Sceau de la Mauritanie*) is based on the naitional banner o Mauritanie adoptit on Aprile 1, 1959. The colours o green an gowd are considered Pan-African colours. Green is an aa tae seembolise Islam, an the gowd for the saunds o the Sahara desert. The crescent an starn are seembols o Islam, the major religion in the naition. The edges read "Islamic Republic o Mauritanie" in Arabic an French.
Pontiac Executive

The **Pontiac Executive** wis an automobile model produced bi the Pontiac Motor Division o General Motors frae 1967 tae 1970. 

The Executive name replaced Pontiac's lang runnin mid-range Star Chief, beginnin for 1966 when aw Pontiacs in this range wur named **Star Chief Executive** for this ane year ae, afore the series became simply the Executive for 1967. 

Executives featured mair deluxe trim, mair staundart amenities an a langer wheelbase an oweraw length than the lawer-priced Catalina models, but wur no quite as luxurious as the top-line Bonneville, whose wheelbase an ither dimensions the Executive shared. 

Mechanically, the Executive wis virtually identical tae the Catalina, sharin similar staundart an optional V8 ingines startin wi the base 400&nbsp;CID V8 wi twa-barrel carburetor ratit at 265&nbsp;hp, an endin wi a 390&nbsp;hp 428&nbsp;CID HO V8 through 1969 an a lairger 455&nbsp;CID V8 ratit at 370&nbsp;hp in 1970. The standard transmission each year wis a three-speed manual wi column shift, wi a floor-mountit fower-speed wi Hurst shifter optional in 1967 and 1968. Housomeivver, 98 percent o Executives wur equipt wi the three-speed Turbo Hydra-Matic automatic durin the model's fower year run. 

Executives wur available as a fower-door pillared sedan, twa-door hardtop coupe, fower-door hardtop sedan, an Safari station wagons in twa an three-seat versions. The Executive Safari wagons differed frae the Catalina an Bonneville Safari wagons bi featurin simulated wood panelin. Nae Executive convertibles wur affered.

Total ootput o the Executive wis: 
*1967: 35,491 units
*1968: 32,597 units
*1969: 25,845 units
*1970: 21,936 units

Through its fower years, the Executive wis the lowest-volume full-size Pontiac.  Efter 1970, baith the Executive an the Ventura trim option on the Catalina wur dropped, replaced for 1971 bi the new Catalina Brougham an the Bonneville, which wis moved doun a notch in the model hierarchy wi the introduction o the new Grand Ville.
Pontiac

**Pontiac** wis a brand o automobile that wis produced frae 1926 tae 2010. Although Pontiac motor vehicles wur first produced in 1907, the company wis quickly merged intae Oakland Motor Company, an began tae produce motor vehicles brandit Pontiac as a companion brand in 1926. Pontiac wis sauld in the Unitit States, Canadae, an Mexico bi General Motors (GM). Pontiac haes been marketit as the performance division o General Motors for mony years, specializin in mainstream performance vehicles.
Pontiac Firebird

The **Pontiac Firebird** wis biggit bi the Pontiac division o General Motors atween 1967 an 2002. The Firebird wis introduced the same year as its platform-sharin cousin, the Chevrolet Camaro. This coincidit wi the release o the 1967 Mercury Cougar, which shared its platform wi anither pownie caur, the Ford Mustang.

The vehicles wur, for the maist pairt, pouered bi various V8 ingines o different GM divisions. While primarily Pontiac-pouered till 1977, Firebirds wur biggit wi several different ingines frae nearly ivery GM division till 1982 when GM began tae discontinue ingines it felt wur unneedit an aither spread successfu designs frae individual divisions amang aw divisions or uise new ingines o corporate airchitectur.

## Firebird Trans Am

The Trans Am wis a specialty package for the Firebird, teepically upgradin handlin, suspension, an horsepouer, as well as minor appearance modifications sic as exclusive hoods, spoilers, fog lichts an wheels. In uisin the name Trans Am, a registered trademark, GM agreed tae pey $5 per caur sauld tae the SCCA. Fower distinct generations wur produced atween 1969 an 2002. Thir caurs wur biggit on the F-body platform, which wis an aa shared bi the Chevrolet Camaro.

The seicont generation wis available frae 1970 tae 1981 an wis featurt in the 1977 movie *[[Smokey and the Bandit]]*, the 1978 movie *[[Hooper (film)|Hooper]]* an the 1980 movie *[[Smokey and the Bandit II]]*. The third generation, available frae 1982 tae 1992, wis featurt in the 1983 movie *[[Smokey and the Bandit Part 3]]* an the 1984 movie *[[Alphabet City (film)|Alphabet City]]*. KITT, the automotive starn o the popular 1980s TV series *[[Knight Rider (1982 TV series)|Knight Rider]]*, wis a modified third generation Trans Am. The fowert generation Trans Am, available frae model years 1993 tae 2002, affered atween 275&nbsp;bhp (205&nbsp;kW) an 325&nbsp;bhp (242&nbsp;kW).

### Engines
#### First generation

#### Seicont generation

#### Third generation

Frae 1982 on aw engines are Chevrolet soorced, unless statit itherwise.

#### Fowert generation

## References

## Freemit airtins

* Firebird Heritage offeecial Pontiac site
*
Vauxhall A-Type

The **Vauxhall A-Type** wis a caur manufactured bi Vauxhall Motors frae 1908 tae 1915 wi ane mair built in 1920. This wis tae be the first production Vauxhall designed bi Laurence Pomeroy: it became a hichtlie acclaimed 3 litre o its day an at Brooklands on 26 October 1910, it became the first 20&nbsp;hp caur tae exceed 100&nbsp;mph (160&nbsp;km/h) o ony make in the warld.

Laurence Pomeroy haed joined Vauxhall in 1907 as an assistant draughtsman at the age o twintie-twa. He first made his mark at the 1908 RAC an Scots Reliability Trial, held in Juin o that year. His first design, the Y-Type Y1, haed ootstandin success at the 1908 RAC an Scots 2000 Mile Reliability Trials. Showin excellent hill climbin ability wi an aggregate o 37 seconds less time in the hill climbs than ony ither caur in its class an unparalleled speeds aroond the Brooklands circuit, the Vauxhall wis so far aheid o aw caurs whaiver class that the driver coud relax, accomplishin the 200 mile (320&nbsp;km) at an average speed o 46&nbsp;mph (74&nbsp;km/h), when the caur wis capable o 55&nbsp;mph (89&nbsp;km/h). The Y-Type went on tae win class E o the Trial.

Such a success that the Y-Type wis, that it wis decidit tae put the caur intae production as the A09 caur. This spawned the A-Type Vauxhall.

There wur 4 distinct types produced atween 27 October 1908 up tae when mass production haltit in 1914. Ane last A-Type wis put thegither in 1920.
Vauxhall D-type

The **Vauxhall D-type** wis a caur manufactured bi Vauxhall Motors frae 1913 tae 1922. Mony wur supplied tae the Breetish Army in Warld War I for uise as a staff caur. 

## History
In 1911 Vauxhall haed introduced its C-type which haed muckle sportin success an haes become kent as the Prince Henry. Mony o the C-type caurs wur fittit wi hivy bodies an tae better cater for this trade, Vauxhall re-tuned the ingine,
de-ratin the maximum pouer tae 60&nbsp;bhp (45&nbsp;kW).  The caur wis marketit as the "weight carryin chassis". Top speed is aroond 60&nbsp;mph.

## Ingineerin
The substantial chassis haes semi elliptic leaf springs an rigid axles front an rear. The ingine, wi fixt cylinder heid an bore o 95&nbsp;mm an stroke o 140&nbsp;mm, drives the rear wheels via a multi-plate clutch an fower speed transmission separatit frae the ingine. The ingine, clutch an transmission are mountit on a sub frame. There are nae brakes on the front wheels but the caur haes a transmission brake immediately ahint the gearbox operated bi the foot pedal.  The rear wheel brakes are operatit bi hand lever ootside the caur.

Aboot 4500 wur made in total includin 1556 supplied tae the airmed forces. It wis supersedit bi the 23/60 OD-type which haed an owerheid valve ingine an fower wheel brakes.

## References
Ford Granada (Europe)

The **Ford Granada** wis a muckle executive caur manufactured bi Ford Europe at baith its German factory in Köln (Cologne) an its Breetish factory in Dagenham frae 1972 till 1976 when production switcht entirely tae Germany. Frae 1985–94 the Granada name wis uised in the UK ae, for a model sauld in ither European markets as the Ford Scorpio.
Emblem o Tajikistan

The **State Emblem o [[Tajikistan]]** is a modifee'd version o the oreeginal coat o airms o the Tajik SSR that wis in uise till the collapse o the Soviet Union in 1991. Lik ither post-Soviet republics whose seembols dae no predate the October Revolution, the current emblem retains some components o the Soviet ane.

The croun at the centre o the emblem is the same as the Tajik naitional banner, an refers tae the Persian wird *taj*, meanin croun, frae whilk the name o the Tajik fowk is said tae be derived, accordin tae ane interpretation. The base o the emblem contains a representation o a beuk an the Pamir Muntains. The emblem is flanked bi cotton on ane side an wheat on the ither, as well a banner o the naitional reid-white-green colours o Tajikistan is wrapped aroond the cotton an wheat.

The first emblem o independent Tajikistan in 1992-1993 wis chynged bi the govrenment o Emomalii Rahmon, whilk came tae pouer at the end o 1992. The cutty-lived airms bore a strikin resemblance tae the Persian Lion an Sun uised bi Iran afore the 1979 revolution.
Vauxhall Carlton

The **Vauxhall Carlton** is an executive caur that wis sauld bi Vauxhall in the Unitit Kinrick frae 1978 tae 1994.

### Guinness World Record
In June 1992 twa teams frae Horley Round Table, Surrey, UK, set a Guinness World Record time o 77 hours 34 minutes, drivin a total 6,700&nbsp;km athort the then 12 EC kintras in twa Vauxhall Carlton 24v 3000GSi's (J870FFM an J751DYC). The Carlton's wur providit bi Vauxhall Motors an the record attempt wis an aa supportit bi Mobil Oil an the Royal Automobile Club.

## Freemit airtins
* Total Carlton - Vauxhall Carlton/Opel Omega A Enthusiasts' site
Suzuki XL-7

The **Suzuki XL-7** is Suzuki's mid-sized SUV, launched in 1998.

## First generation
The first-generation XL-7 wis a Suzuki design an wis essentially a stretched Grand Vitara. It haed a Suzuki-designed 2.7 liter V6 on a rear wheel drive-based platform wi optional fower wheel drive. When introduced, the XL-7 wis the least expensive SUV available wi 3-row seatin in North Americae. The Suzuki XL-7 sauld ower 20,000 a year, an wis awardit the Consumer's Digest Best Buy awaird. Housomeivver, sales slowed as competitors came oot wi SUVs wi mair features, lawer prices, better fuel efficiency an mair pouerful ingines, such as the Toyota Highlander, the Honda Pilot, an the Honda CR-V.

A unique trait in the U.S. mercat in this segment, the XL-7 wis available wi 5-speed manual transmission, in baith 5-person an 7-person variants.

## Seicont generation

Introduced in the fowert quarter o 2006, Suzuki pairtnered wi General Motors tae big the 2007 model, nou cried XL7 (athoot the hyphen). It uises the same unibody platform an mony o the same components as the Chevy Equinox, Pontiac Torrent an Saturn Vue, but incorporates third row seatin exclusive tae the Suzuki. The seicont generation model uises a version o the GM High Feature ingine, biggit in Japan an shipt tae CAMI Automotive in Ingersoll, Ontario, Canada, whaur the XL7 is assembled wi the Equinox an Torrent, an awso the seicont-generation Suzuki XL7 is Suzuki's first entry in the crossover SUV segment.  Stylin cues on the 2007 include a chrome slottit grille an trapezoidal heidlichts. 

In Mey 2009, Suzuki haltit production o the XL7 indefinitely due tae law demand. Throu Mey 10, 2009, CAMI Automotive Inc. haed anerlie produced fower XL7s for Suzuki efter producin mair nor 12,000 units last year.

## References

## Freemit airtins
*XL7 offeecial wabsteid 
*The ALL NEW 2007 XL7
Enerhodar

**Enerhodar** (, ) is the ceety in north-wast pairt o Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukraine.

Enerhodar is locatit on the left bank o Dnieper river near the Kakhovka Reservoir.
The ceety wis foondit on 12 Juin 1970 for buildin an servin the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Pouer Plant, the biggest Nuclear Pouer Plant in Europe.

## Points o interest
* Enerhodar Dnipro Powerline Crossing
* Zaporizka DRES
* Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Pouer Plant

## Population

The current estimatit population is aboot 47,000 (as o 2001).

## Freemit airtins
* http://www.en.gov.ua  — Offeecial municipality steid
* http://portal.en.zp.ua  — Enerhodar portal
Irshava

**Irshava** (; ; ) is a ceety locatit in the Zakarpattia Oblast (province) in wastren Ukraine. It is the admeenistrative center o the Irshava Raion (destrict).

## Demographics
The current estimatit population is 9,515 (as o 2001).

In 2001, the population includit:
*Ukrainians (98.6%)
*Roushies (0.7%)
*Slovaks (0.3%)
*Hungarians (0.3%)

## References


## See an aa
*Zakarpattia Oblast

## Freemit airtins
*Ceety o Irshava offeecial Wabsteid 
*Irshava in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine
*Wikimapia Maps
Coat o airms o Mongolie

The **state emblem o Mongolie** (Mongolian:Монгол улсын төрийн сүлд}}, *Mongol ulsyn töriin süld*) is uised bi the govrenment o Mongolie as its seembol o state. It is offeecially uised for example on documents such as Mongolian passports, an govrenment an embassy placards.

## Description
The state emblem wis adoptit on Mairch 25, 1992, follaein the faw o the Communist govrenment. The details o it are laid oot in Chapter 1, Article 12(2) o the Constitution o Mongolie. 

The outer rim features a *tumen nasan*, seembolisin eternity, surroondin a circular blue field, seembolisin the sky. On the centre o the field is a combination o the *[[Soyombo seembol]]* an the wind horse (treasured steed), seembolisin Mongolie's unthirldom, sovereignty, an spirit. Abuin the field is a *[[Cintamani]]*, representin the Buddhist Three Jewels, which in Mongolian folklore grants wishes. Below the central emblem is a green mountain range, wi the Wheel o Dharma at the center. On the bottom o the mountain range an wheel is a *[[khadag]]*, a ceremonial scarf.

## References
Emblem o Kazakhstan

The **emblem o Kazakhstan** wis adoptit on Juin 4, 1992. The authors o the emblem are Jandarbek Melibekov an Shota Walikhanov. Aboot 245 projects an 67 description designs o the future airms teuk pairt in the final competeetion.

The emblem is an image o shanyrak (Kazhakh:Шаңырақ, *şañıraq*; mair aften seen in the Roushie transcription, Шанырак, *shanyrak*), the upper dome-lik portion o a yurt, against a sky blue backgrund which irradiates (in the form o sun rays) uyks (supports) set aff bi wings o meethical horse. The circle shape o the Emblem is a seembol o a life an eternity. The *shanyrak* seembolizes well-bein o faimily, peace an calmness.

A design vera seemilar tae the Kazakh *shangyraq* is uised in the banner o the neighborin Kyrgyzstan; it is kent as *tunduk* in Kyrgyz.

The colour version o the Naitional Emblem o the Republic o Kazakhstan consists o twa colours: gowd an sky blue. The golden colour corresponds tae a licht, clear future o Kazakhstani fowk, an the blue sky colour is a seembol o aspiration tae the peace, consent, friendship an unity wi aw fowk.

The name o the kintra in Kazakh, *ҚA3AҚCTAH*, is in the lawer pairt o the coat o airms.


File:Coat of arms of Kazakh SSR.png|1936-1991


## See an aa
* Coat o airms o the Kazakh SSR

## References
Wolseley 24/80

The **Wolseley 24/80** is an automobile which wis produced bi British Motor Corporation (Australie) frae 1962 tae 1965.

The caur wis in maist respect identical tae the contemporary Austin Freeway, but employed different frontal treatment in order tae maximise the perceived differences atween the caurs an therefore, it wis hoped, attract additional buyers away frae the competeetion.  This reflectit BMC's enthusiasm for badge ingineerin in the 1950s an 1960s.

The 24/80 wis based on the Breetish fower cylinder Wolseley 15/60 model. It wis pouered bi a sax cylinder version o the 1622cc B series ingine, kent as the  "Blue Streak" straight-6 wi a capacity o 2433cc an developin 80&nbsp;bhp. Coupled tae the ingine wis a 3-speed gearbox, adaptit frae the Metropolitan, wi synchromesh on the upper twa ratios an a steerin column gearchange. The radiator, which in the fower cylinder caurs wis mountit ahint the bonnet-lockin bar wis nou placed in front o the bonnet-lockin bar, immediately ahint the grille. Released in Aprile 1962, the 24/80 wis externally identical tae the 15/60 except for the wheelbase, which wis an inch langer. The interior wis the same as that uised in the 15/60. Oreeginally it wis available ae wi manual transmission but later a Borg Warner 35 3-speed automatic transmission wis affered as an option.

The 24/80 Mark II wis released in October 1964 wi identical stylin tae the Breetish Wolseley 16/60. Pouer wis increased tae 84&nbsp;bhp an the interior trim wis nou in saft expandit vinyl rather than the leather uised in the oreeginal model. Production o the Mark II wis discontinued in October 1965 awtho stocks lastit till late 1966. The 24/80 Mark II sicweys became the last Wolseley model tae be sauld new in Australie.

## References

## External links
* AROnline - includin Wolseley 24/80 & 24/80 Mark II brochure scans
P.K

The **P.K.** wis a caur made bi Pars Khodro atween 2000 an 2005 uisin the body o the Renault 5 an the ingine o a Kia Pride caur. "P.K." is an acronym for Pars Khodro (the manufacturer).

Efter 24 years o manufacture o the Renault 5 an Sepand (same as Renault 5) models in Iran bi baith SAIPA an Pars Khodro frae 1976 tae 2000, Pars Khodro produced a new model bi uisin a Renault 5 body mounted on a Kia Pride platform. The body structur wis changed a little an some new facilities added such as air conditioning. The result wis the Sepand P.K.
Manufacturing o the P.K continued until it wis replaced bi the New P.K in 2005.

## New P.K.
The "New P.K." is a caur made bi Pars Khodro, wi a body seemilar tae a first generation Renault 5 an the platform/ingine o a Kia Pride. Manufacture o the New P.K. commenced in 2005. The New P.K is different in body style frae the previous P.K. models which haed a vera seemilar body tae the Renault 5.

## Freemit airtins
* Pars Khodro offeecial wabsteid
* P.K technical Information
Pērkoņkalve

**Pērkoņkalve** (*Thunderforge*) is Skyforger's third full length album.

## Track leetin
Inglis translatit titles in italics.

# "Intro" - 00:34
# "Kad Ūsiņš Jāj"  (*When Usins Rides*) – 4:57
# "Gada Isākā Nakts" (*The Shortest Night Of The Year*) – 5:48
# "Nakts Debesu Karakungs" (*Warlord Of The Night Sky*) – 5:34
# "Garais Dancis" (*Long Dance*) – 4:13
# "Pērkoņkalve" (*Thunderforge*) – 4:47
# "Migla Migla, Rasa Rasa (Svētās Vedības)" (*Oh Fog, Oh Dew*) – 7:04
# "Čūsku Sieviete" (*The Woman Of Serpents*) – 6:55
# "Caur Aizsaules Vārtiem" (*Through The Gates Of The World Beyond*) – 5:02
# "Tumsā Un Salā" (*In Darkness And Frost*) – 5:48
Emblem o Uzbekistan

The current **state emblem o [[Uzbekistan]]** wis adoptit on Julie 2, 1992. It is seemilar tae the emblem o the previous Uzbek SSR. Lik ither post-Soviet republics whose seembols dae no predate the October Revolution, the current emblem retains some components o the Soviet ane.

The emblem is in the form o a circle an mainly bears the naitional colors blue, white, an green. On the left thare is a cotton plant an tae the richt wheat borders the coat o airms, cotton an wheat are the twa major agricultural products o the kintra.   

It is surmountit bi the star o Rub El Hizb (۞), a seembol o Islam, which a majority o Uzbeks profess.

In the middle, a khumo, seembol o happiness an love o freedom, beats its wings.  In the backgrund a birdseye view o Uzbekistan is paintit.  The risin sun ower the mountains wi its sun rays roonds aff the image. 

The twa rivers ahint the bird, leadin tae the mountains, seembolise the Amu Darya an Syr Darya.                      

## Freemit airtins
* Embassy o Uzbekistan tae the Unitit States | Aboot Uzbekistan | State Symbols 
* Uzbek COA at FOTW
Emblem o Turkmenistan

The **state emblem o Turkmenistan** wis creatit efter Turkmenistan gained unthirldom frae the Soviet Union in 1991. The aicht-pynt green starburst (kent as the Rub El Hizb (۞), a seembol o Islam, tae which a majority o Turkmen profess) wi golden edges features in its centre a reid circular disc which cairies sheaves o wheat, five cairpet guls, an centred upon that a smawer blue circle wi a lifelike (rather than heraldized) depiction o an Akhal-Teke horse, a soorce o pride for the Turkmen fowk. A roond variant o the emblem wis uised frae 1992 till 2003. http://www.statesymbol.ru/abroad/cis/20050803/39598373.htmlhttp://eh.lenin.ru/arms/3as/turkmenistan/tkm-ax.gif

The five traditional cairpet motifs on the reid disc represent the five major tribes or hooses, an staund for the traditional an religious values o the kintra. Thir Turkmen tribes in traditional order are Teke (Tekke), Yomut (Yomud), Arsary (Ersary), Chowdur (Choudur), an Saryk (Saryq). The Salyr (Salor), a tribe that declined as a result o military defeat afore the modren period, are no representit, nor are several smawer tribes or subtribes.

The green an reid colors appear in this shield acause thay hae been veneratit historically bi the Turkmen. The central elements are surroondit bi sheaves o wheat that allude tae the custom tae walcome tae guests wi salt an breid. Atop the wheat an the reid circle appear a waxin crescent muin o white, teepical o Turkic seembology, an five five-pointit stars awso o white. The waxin crescent muin seembolizes the hope o the kintra for a shinin future an the stars represent the five provinces (Welayatlar) o Turkmenistan-Ahal, Balkan, Dashhowuz, Lebap, an Mary. Maist o the elements o the coat o airms are present in the naitional banner.

Afore unthirldom frae the USSR, Turkmenistan haed an emblem seemilar tae aw ither Soviet Republics. A single cairpet *gul*, no matchin ony o the tribal patterns, wis representit on the Coat o airms o the Turkmen SSR.

## See an aa
*Banner o Turkmenistan

## References

*Turkmenistan Pages bi Ekahau 
*http://www.turkotek.com/salon_00089/s89t5.htm
*http://www.turkmenistanembassy.org/turkmen/history/emblem.html
Holden Statesman

The **Holden Statesman** is an automobile which wis produced bi Holden in Australie frae 1990 tae September 2010. The seemilar **Holden Caprice**, which wis awso introduced in 1990, continues in production. Atween 1971 an 1984, Holden marketit thair lang-wheelbase sedans unner the Statesman marque. The Statesman an Caprice are essentially lang-wheelbase variants o the Commodore range, an as o 2006, are the lairgest rear-wheel drive sedans affered bi GM. Internaitionally, Statesmans an Caprices are sauld as the **[[Bitter Cars#Bitter Vero|Bitter Vero]]**, **[[Buick Park Avenue#Shanghai-GM Buick Park Avenue|Buick Park Avenue]]**, the **[[Chevrolet Caprice#1999–present (Middle East)|Chevrolet Caprice]]** an the **Daewoo Veritas**. Previously, Statesmans hae been badged as the **Buick Royaum** an **Daewoo Statesman**.

The main difference atween the Statesman an the Caprice lies athin thair equipment packages; Caprices are commonly pouered bi V8 ingines rather than V6s, an whilst thay mey be thocht o as fully specified versions o thair Statesman siblings, the twa wur separate Holden models bi this period. Appearance wise, Caprices can be distinguisht bi thair unique interior an exterior trim sic as the grille. Tradeetionally, the Statesman alang wi the Caprice hae been direct rivals tae the Ford Fairlane an LTD correspondingly. Housomeivver, the 2008 discontinuation o the Fairlane an LTD haes ceased sic tradeetions.

In 2010, Holden made the decision tae discontinue the Statesman nameplate, instead reducin the price o the upmarket V6 Caprice an fillin the gap ance occupied bi the Statesman.

## Statesman (HQ–WB; 1971–1984)

Prior tae the introduction o the Holden Statesman a Caprice models in 1990, Holden marketit its lang-wheelbase range throu a separate Statesman marque, absent o aw "Holden" brandin. Thir oreeginal vehicles, wur sauld throu the General Motors-Holden's dealership channel, an wur based on the mainstream Kingswood/Premier range, affering more luxury, additional lenth, an stylin tae differentiate it frae the smawer donor caurs. The first o sic caurs wur introduced in 1971 as the HQ series Statesman, replacin the short-lived Holden Brougham. Subsequent HJ, HX an HZ models wur updates tae the oreeginal HQ bodywirk, as wis the final WB series which introduced a new sax-windae glasshoose. WB representit the maist significant update yet, wi ae the front doors an bonnet common wi the HZ sheetmetal. Notwithstandin thir alterations, the WB fell short o great mercat success, that is, till 1984 when production cessation wis annoonced, generatin a rapid sales ascent. For Holden, the decision haed been made—the line’s discontinuance wis perpetual.

## References
Holden 48-215

The **Holden 48-215**, kent unofficially as the **Holden FX** an aa, is a middlin-size, sax-cylinder sedan that wis produced bi the Australian automaker, General Motors–Holden's Ltd atween November 1948 an October 1953. The design wis originally penned in the Unitit States bi Chevrolet afore Warld War II, but wis rejectit acause it wis deemed too sma for the U.S. market. Insteid the design becam the basis o the 48-215 model. Development o the 48-215 begoud in 1944. Three prototypes wur biggit bi haun in 1946 bi American an Australian ingineers at the General Motors wirkshop in Detroit. Efter months o durability an performance tests in Americae, these prototypes wur shipped tae Australie. The sole survivin prototype, Holden Prototype Car No. 1, is pairt o the Naitional Museum o Australie collection. The Holden wis released for sale tae the public in 1948 at Port Melbourne, Victoria, bi the then Australian Prime Minister, Ben Chifley. The car wis marketit simply as the “Holden”, athoot a model name. 

The 50-2106 Coupe Utility, based on the 48-215 sedan, wis released in Januar 1951  an in Julie 1953 the Holden Business Sedan, essentially a taxi version o the 48-215, wis addit tae the range.  The 48-215 model makkit wey for the updatit Holden FJ in 1953, that wid later become a kenspeckle Australian car.  


File:The First Holden.jpg|The First Holden 48-215 sedan aaff the production line.
File:Holden_48_215_advertisement_01.jpg|An advertisement for the 48-215 frae 1948. Note that it wis juist marketit as "Holden".

   
## References

## Freemit airtins
* Holden 48-215 sales brochure  Retrieved frae Unique Cars and Parts on 15 September 2008
* Holden 48-215 
* Holden Prototype Car No. 1 at the Naitional Museum o Australie
Holden

**GM Holden Ltd** is an automaker that operates in Australie, based in Port Melbourne, Victoria. The company wis foondit in 1856 as a saidlery business, but later moved intae the automotive field, becomin a subsidiary o the U.S.-based General Motors (GM) in 1931. Efter the GM takeover, the company wis named **General Motors-Holden's Ltd**, becomin **Holden Ltd** in 1998, wi the current name adoptit in 2005. 

Holden haes taken charge o vehicle operations for GM in Australasie an, on behauf o GM, held partial awnership o GM Daewoo in Sooth Korea atween 2002 an 2009. Ower the years, Holden haes affered a broad range o locally producit vehicles, supplemented by imported GM models. In the past, Holden has offered badge ingineered Chevrolet, Nissan, Suzuki, Toyota, an Vauxhall Motors models in sharin arrangements, wi Daewoo, Opel an Isuzu-sourced models sauld currently. 

Currently, aw Australie-built Holden vehicles are manufactured at Elizabeth, Sooth Australie an ingines are producit at the Fishermens Bend plant in Port Melbourne, Victoria. Historically, production or assembly plants wur operatit in aw mainland states o Australie, wi GM's New Zealand subsidiary Holden New Zealand operatin a plant till 1990. The consolidation o caur production at Elizabeth wis completit in 1988, but some assembly operations continued at Dandenong till 1996.

Awtho Holden's involvement in exports haes fluctuatit since the 1950s, the declinin sales o lairge caurs in Australie haes led the company tae leuk tae internaitional mercats tae increase profitability.
BYD Company

**BYD Company Limited** () () is a Cheenese manufacturer o automobiles an rechargeable batteries based in Shenzhen, Guangdong province. Hailed for its innovations, BYD haes grown tae become a major manufacturer o rechargeable batteries, maist notably mobile phone batteries.

## History
Founded in the Februar o 1995 an leetit on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange on July 31, 2002, BYD Co Ltd began as a rechargeable-battery factory, competin in the Cheenese market against Japanese imports. The foonder admits tae haein studied patents awned bi Sanyo an Sony, twa companies that later brocht IP lawsuits against BYD.

BYD grew quickly; athin ten years capturin mair nor hauf the warld's mobile-phone battery market an becomin the lairgest Cheenese manufacturer (an in the top fower warldwide) o aw types o rechargeable batteries. Replacin wirk done bi machines wi cheap, local labor lowered costs, an the company began expandin ayont batteries, addin automobiles an mobile phone components.

**[[BYD Auto|BYD Auto Co Ltd]]** wis born a year efter the 2002 acquisition o Tsinchuan Automobile Co Ltd, an mobile phone components wur addit tae its product line aroond the same time. But the mobile phone business, BYD Electronic, wis spun aff in 2007.

The name BYD mey be an acronym derived frae either the company's Cheenese name or frae the phrase "build yer dreams".

BYD an aa derives income frae the lease o investment properties.

## References
GM Korea

**GM Korea Company** is the third lairgest Sooth Korean automobile manufacturer, an a subsidar o General Motors.

GM Korea's roots go back tae the umwhile Daewoo Group which went bankrupt in 1999. It haes five manufacturin facilities in Korea as well as an assembly facility in Vietnam. In addition, GM Korea provides mercat an buist-specific vehicle kits for assembly at GM facilities in Cheenae, Thailand, Indie, Colombie an Venezuela. In 2008, GM Daewoo sauld in Korea an exportit mair nor 1.9 million units, includin CKD products. GM Daewoo nou produces vehicles an kits for Chevrolet, Buick, GMC, Opel, Vauxhall, Holden, Suzuki, Honda, Kia, Fiat an Pontiac that are affered in mair nor 150 mercats on sax continents.

On 20 Januar 2011, General Motors annooncit that GM Daewoo wad be renamit GM Korea "tae reflect [Daewoo's] hichtened status in [the] global operations o GM," effective Mairch 2011. Maist o the umwhile Daewoo products wur rechristened as Chevrolets. GM´s luxury division Cadillac is available in Sooth Korea an aw.

## Notes

## References
Kia Motors

**Kia Motors Company** is a automobile manufacturer based in Sooth Korea, the first company o its kynd tae stairt production. It is currently the seicont lairgest Korean caur maker.

The wird Kia derives frae Korean wirds meanin “tae arise tae the warld oot o Asie.”

Wi its headquarters in Seoul, the company is pairtly awned bi the Hyundai Motor Group.

## References
Filadelfia

**Filadelfia** is the caipital o Boquerón Depairtment in the Gran Chaco o wastren Paraguay. It is the centre o the Fernheim Colony It is aboot a 5 hour drive frae the caipital o Asunción. Filadelfia wis foondit in 1930 bi Roushie Mennonites who fled frae the Soviet Union. Filadelfia lay near the front o the Chaco War, but wis little affectit.  It became dividit in the Seicont Warld War, wi some o the originally German colonists supportin the Nazis an later being expelled.

The day the toun is hame tae a museum, a library, a radio station an a hospital.  The colony's villages lie aroond Filadelfia, as dae several native reserves, hame tae muckle o the aurie's native population, frae the Chulupí, Lengua, Toba-Pilaga, Sanapaná an Ayoreo groups. A modern supermarket is locatit in the centre o the toun, which is the last place tae get groceries afore headin farther oot intae the Chaco. Maist o the toun's potable water supply is drawn frae undergrund cisterns, being replenisht bi intermittent rainfall; the undergrund water  is too salty tae drink. A sma commemorative pairk kent as Parque Trebol lies aboot 5&nbsp;km (3&nbsp;mi) tae the east o toun. It nou serves as a place for visitors tae camp for the nicht.

The newly asphaltit hieway frae Asunción continues past Filadelfia for anither 70&nbsp;km (40&nbsp;mi) an runs oot at the military checkpoint Mariscal Estigarribia. Frae this point onwards, the road tae the border toun fort General Eugenio A. Garay wi Bolivie is amaist impassable.

A distinguisht Roushie Mennonite writer an historian livin in Filadelfia is Peter P. Klassen.

## References
*World Gazeteer: Paraguay

## Freemit airtins
* Filadelfia (Fernheim Colony, Boquerón Department, Paraguay) at Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online
*The 'Green Hell' Becomes Home: Mennonites in Paraguay as Described in the Writings of Peter P. Klassen  A review essay bi Gerhard Reimer, Mennonite Quarterly Review 76, no. 4 (October 2002): 460-480.
Roushie Mennonite

The **Roushie Mennonites** are a group o Mennonites descendit fraae Dutch an mainly Germanic Prussien Anabaptists who establisht colonies in Sooth Roushie (present-day Ukraine) beginnin in 1789. Syne the late 19t century, mony o thaim hae come tae kintras throuoot the Wastren Hemisphere. The rest wur forcibly relocatit, so that few o their descendants nou live at the location o the oreeginal colonies. Roushie Mennonites are traditionally multilingual wi Plautdietsch (Mennonite Low German) as their lingua franca.