Chiang Kai-shek

**Chiang Kai-shek** (October 31, 1887&nbsp;– Aprile 5, 1975) wis a 20t-century Cheenese poleetical an militar leader. He is kent as **Jiang Jieshi** (蔣介石) or **Jiang Zhongzheng** (蔣中正) in Mandarin Cheenese. Chiang wis an influential member o the Kuomintang (KMT), or Naitionalist Pairty, an wis a close ally o Sun Yat-sen. He acame the Commandant o the Kuomintang's Whampoa Militar Academy, an teuk Sun's place as leader o the KMT whan Sun died in 1925. In 1926, Chiang led the Northren Expedition tae unify the kintra, acomin Cheenae's nominal leader. He served as Chairman o the Naitional Militar Cooncil o the Naitionalist govrenment o the Republic o Cheenae (ROC) frae 1928 tae 1948. Chiang led Cheenae in the Seicont Sino-Japanese War, durin which the Naitionalist govrenment's pouer severely weakened, but his prominence grew. Unlik Sun Yat-sen, Chiang Kai-shek wis socially conservative, promotin tradeetional Cheenese cultur in the New Life Movement an rejectin wastren democracy an the naitionalist democratic socialism that Sun Yat-sen an some ither members o the KMT embraced in favor o a naitionalist authoritarian govrenment.

Chiang's predecessor, Sun Yat-sen, wis well-liked an respectit bi the Communists, but efter Sun's daith Chiang wis nae able tae maintain guid relations wi the Communist Pairty o Cheenae (CPC). A major split atween the Naitionalists an Communists occurred in 1927; an, unner Chiang's leadership, the Nationalists foucht a naition-wide ceevil war against the Communists. Efter Japan invadit Cheenae in 1937, Chiang agreed tae a temporary truce wi the CPC. Despite some early cooperative militar successes against Japan, bi the time that the Japanese surrendered in 1945 neither the CPC nor the KMT trustit ilk ither or wur actively cooperatin. Efter American-sponsored attempts tae negotiate a coalition govrenment failed in 1946, the Cheenese Civil War resumed. The CPC defeatit the Nationalists in 1949, forcin Chiang's govrenment tae retreat tae Taiwan, whaur Chiang imposed martial law an persecutit fowk creetical o his rule in a period kent as the "White Terror". Efter evacuatin tae Taiwan, Chiang's govrenment continued tae declare its intention tae retake mainland Cheenae. Chiang ruled the island securely as Preses o the Republic o Cheenae an General o the Kuomintang til his daith in 1975. He ruled mainland Cheenae for 22 years, an Taiwan for 30 years.

## References

## Freemit airtins

* Obituary, NY Times, April 6, 1975, ''The Life of Chiang Kai-shek: A Leader Who Was Thrust Aside by Revolution''
* ROC Govrenment Biography
* ''Time'' magazine's "Man an Wife o the Year", 1937 
* The National Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Haw Offeecial Steid 
* The Chungcheng Cultural an Eddicational Foondation 
* Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek Association Hong Kong 
* Order o Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek supplementing the Act o Surrender&nbsp;– bi Japan on September 9, 1945
* Faimily tree o his descendants  (in Simplified Cheenese)
* The Chiang Kai-shek Index at the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Librar an Museum
* 1966 GIO Biographical video 
* "The Memorial Sang o Late Preses Chiang Kai-shek" (Ministry o Naitional Defence o ROC) 
* Chiang Kai-shek Biography &nbsp;– Frae Spartacus Eddicational
* ''The Collectit Wartime Messages O Generalissimo Chiang Kai Shek'' at archive.org
* The National Chiang Kai-shek Cultural Center Offeecial Steid 
* Chiang Kai-shek Diaries at the Hoover Institution Archives