open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Coat o airms o the Faroe Islands

The **[[coat o airms]] o the [[Faroe Islands]]** first appear in ane o the mediæval chairs in Kirkjubøur frae aroond the 15t century. It depicts a Ram () on a shield. Later uises shaw a Ram in a seal uised bi the **', members o the Auld Faroese law Court, the [[Løgting]].

The coat o airms went oot o uise when the Løgting wis abolisht in 1816. Efter the Løgting wis reestablished in 1852 an even when the Faroe Islands wur effectively ootside direct Dens rule durin the [[Breetish occupation o the Faroe Islands in Warld War II|Breetish occupation in Warld War II]] the coat o airms wis no uised.

Efter the Hame Rule Act came intae force in 1948 the coat o airms came intae uise again. Not bi the [[Løgting]] (Parliament) but bi the [[Landsstýri]] (Govrenment). The auld title Løgmaður haed been reestablisht, but this time as the leader o the govrenment. The coat o airms follaed him.

On 1 Aprile 2004, the Prime Meenister's Office annoonced that frae then on the Prime Meenister an the Prime Meenister's Office woud uise a new version o the coat o airms. This new ane wis based on the oreeginal frae the chairs frae [[Kirkjubøur]]. The colours wur inspired frae the Faroese banner **' an golden yellae wis addit. The new coat o airms depicts a ram on a blue shield ready tae defend. It can be uised bi Cabinet Meenistries an bi offeecial Faroese representatives, tho some still uise the auld seembol.
Banner o Belaroushie

The current naitional **banner o Belaroushie** (, *Scyag Belarusi*; , *Flag Belarusi*) wis formally adoptit on Juin 7, 1995, follaein the result o a referendum votit on bi the Belaroushie fowk in the previous month. This new design replaced a historical banner uised bi the Belaroushie Fowkrepublic o 1918, afore Belaroushie  became a Soviet Republic, an again efter it regained its unthrildom in 1991. The current banner is a modification o the 1951 banner uised while the kintra wis a republic o the Soviet Union. Several banners uised bi govrenment offeecials an agencies wur based on the naitional banner.

A few groups hae continued tae uise the white an reid banner, tho its display in Belaroushie haes been restrictit bi the govrenment o Belaroushie due tae its association wi Nazi collaboration durin the Seicont Warld War. That banner is uised in protests against the govrenment an bi certain elements o Belaroushie diaspora.
Satellite

## Oerview

A **satellite** is a law orbital space tae space an space tae grund transmissin/receptin seestem an is the backbone o mony telecoms, internet, telly an cell networks oothrou the warld.

## Tecnology
Satellites mak uise o microwave radiation tae relay data tae an frae the various grund transpondrs (informally kent as "dish") in different kintras, sicweys formin a network. The device haes solar panels onbort tae harness licht frae the sun, an changes this tae DC electrical energy tae gie pouer tae the satellite.
La Paz

**Nuestra Señora de La Paz** (Spaingie: ; ; ), is the admeenistrative caipital o Bolivie, as well as the depairtmental caipital o La Paz Depairtment, an the seicont lairgest ceety (in population) anerlie efter Santa Cruz de la Sierra. It is locatit in the wastren pairt o the kintra on the depairtment o the same name. It is locatit at a elevation o 3,660 metres abuin sea level, makkin it the warld's heichest "de facto" caipital ceety, or admeenistrative caipital. The offeecial caipital o Bolivie is Sucre an it is the seat o juistice, La Paz haes mair govrenment depairtments, hence the "de facto" qualifier. The ceety sits in a "bowl" surroondit bi the heich muntains o the altiplano. As it grows, La Paz climbs the hills, resultin in varyin elevations frae 3,000 metres tae 4,100 metres (9,840&nbsp;ft to 13,450&nbsp;ft). Owerleukin the ceety is touerin triple-peaked Illimani, whit is aaways snaw-covered an can be seen frae several spots o the ceety, includin frae the neebur ceety, El Alto. As o the 2001 census, the ceety haed a population o 877,363. La Paz Metropolitan aurie, formed bi the ceeties o La Paz, El Alto an Viacha, make the maist populous urban aurie o Bolivie, wi a population o 2.3 million inhabitants an surpassin the metropolitan aurie o Santa Cruz de la Sierra.

## References
Sucre

**Sucre** (population 247,300 in 2006) is the constitutional caipital o Bolivie an the caipital o the depairtment o Chuquisaca. Locatit in the sooth-central pairt o the kintra, Sucre lies at a elevation o 2750m (9,000&nbsp;ft). This relatively heich altitude gies the ceety a cool temperate climate year-roond.

## References


## Freemit airtins
Navi Mumbai

**Navi Mumbai** (Marathi: नवी मुंबई, IAST: ) is a ceety on the wast coast o the Indian state o Maharashtra. It wis developed in 1972 as a twin ceety o Mumbai, an is the lairgest planned ceety in the warld, wi 163 square kilometres (63 sq mi) unner the jurisdiction o the Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation (NMMC) an a total aurie o 344 square kilometres (133 sq mi). Navi Mumbai lies on the mainland on the eastren shore o Thane Creek. The ceety limits stretch frae Airoli near Thane in the north, tae Uran in the sooth. The length o the ceety is amaist the same as that o Mumbai. The Vashi an the Airoli Bridges connect Navi Mumbai tae Mumbai. A new link atween Nerul an Uran is unner construction. The costliest real estate an maist heichly developed auries o Navi Mumbai are Vashi an Nerul, while Kharghar an Panvel are experiencin major infrastructural developments due tae their proximity tae the proposed Navi Mumbai Internaitional Airport. Vashi is kent as the keeng o Navi Mumbai while Nerul is cawed the queen o Navi Mumbai. Navi Mumbai haes a population o 2,600,000 o which approximately 800,000 live in Nerul an aboot 700,000 in Vashi,  wi the remainder residin in Belapur, Kharghar,Sanpada, Airoli, Ghansoli, Kopar Khairane an surroondin auries.

Navi Mumbai is a pairt o the Mumbai Conurbation. Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation, the public body that manages the ceety's affairs, is rated amangst the richest corporations in Asie. 

## History
Navi Mumbai is the warld's lairgest planned ceety.
It wis initially planned wi a specific purpose: tae decongest Mumbai an become an alternative haven for the multitudes that throng tae Mumbai frae aw ower Indie.

## Sister ceeties
Navi Mumbai haes mony sister ceeties:
*  Caracas, Venezuela.
*  Bogotá, Colombie
*  Cluj-Napoca, Romanie
*  Havana, Cuba

## References
Brest

**Brest** mey refer tae:

## Places
* Brest, Fraunce, a ceety an harbour
** Brest Castle, the *Château de Brest*
* Brest, Germany, a municipality
** Brest-Aspe, a railwey station
* Brest, Ig, a veelage in Slovenie

### Belaroushie
* Brest, Belaroushie, a ceety
** Brest Fortress
* Brest Region

### Macedonie
* Brest (Chucher Sandevo)
* Brest (Makedonski Brod), a veelage
* Brest (Štip), a inhabitit place

## People
* Harold Brest, 20t century American preesoner
* Martin Brest (born 1951), American filmmaker, producer, screenwriter, film editor, an actor

## Ither uises
* Lublin-Brest Offensive Operation, a Soviet Warld War II military operation
* Treaty o Brest-Litovsk, a treaty atween the Roushie SFSR an the Central Powers, markin Roushie's exit frae Warld War I
** Treaty o Brest-Litovsk, a lesser kent treaty atween Ukraine an Central Pouers
* Stade Brestois, a French fitbaa club
* FC Dinamo Brest, a Belaroushie fitbaa club

## See an aa
* Best (disambiguation)
* Breast (disambiguation)
Brest, Belaroushie

**Brest** (; ; see an aa alternative names), an aa **Brest-on-the-Bug** ("Brześć nad Bugiem" in Pols) an **Brest-Litovsk** ("Brześć Litewski" in Pols), is a ceety (population 344,470 in 2024) in Belaroushie at the mairch wi Poland opposite the ceety o Terespol, whaur the Wastren Bug an Mukhavets rivers meet. It is the caipital ceety o the Brest Voblast.

Bein situatit on the main railwey line connectin Berlin an Moscow, an an intercontinental hieway (the European route E30), Brest became a principal mairch crossin syne Warld War II in Soviet times. The day it links the European Union an the Commonweel o Independent States.

Acause o the break-o-gauge at Brest, whaur the Roushie braid gauge meets the European staundart gauge, aw passenger trains, comin frae Poland, must hae thair bogies replaced here, for tae traivel on athort Belaroushie, an the fraucht must be translaidit frae caurs o ane gauge tae caurs o anither. Some o the laund in the Brest rail yairds remains contaminatit as a result o the transshipment o radioactive materials here syne Soviet days awtho cleanup operations hae been takin place.

## Ceety name
Thare are several theories o the ceety name oreegin. The maist common are as follaes,
* the name o the ceety comes frae the Slavic ruit *beresta* meanin birch, bark,
* the name o the ceety comes frae the Slavic ruit *berest* meanin elm,
* the name o the ceety comes frae the Lithuanian wird *brasta* meanin ford.

Ance a centre o Jewish scholarship, the ceety's name in Yiddish, is **בריסק** ("Brisk"), hence the term "Brisker" uised tae describe followers o the influential Soloveitchik faimily o rabbis.

## Coat of arms
The coat o arms features an arrow pyntit upwards and a bow on a sky blue shield.

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns — Sister ceeties
Brest is twinned wi:

## References
Kiel

**Kiel** () is the caipital an maist populous ceety in the northren German state o Schleswig-Holstein, wi a population o ower 237,000 (2009).

Kiel is approximately  north o Hamburg. Due tae its geographic location in the north o Germany, the sootheast o the Jutland peninsula, an the soothwastren shore o the Baltic Sea, Kiel haes become ane o the major maritime centres o Germany. For instance, the ceety is kent for a variety o internaitional sailin events, includin the annual Kiel Week, which is the biggest sailin event in the warld. The Olympic sailin competitions o the 1936 an the 1972 Simmer Olympics wur held in Kiel.

Kiel haes an aa been ane o the traditional hames o the German Navy's Baltic fleet, an continues tae be a major heich-tech shipbiggin centre. Kiel is an important sea transport hub, thanks tae its location at the Kiel Fjord (*Kieler Förde*) an the busiest artificial waterway in the warld, Kiel Canal (*Nord-Ostsee-Kanal*). A nummer o passenger ferries tae Swaden, Norrowey an ither kintras operate frae here. Moreower, the day Kiel harbour is an important port o caw for cruise ships tourin the Baltic Sea.

In 2005 Kiel's GDP per capita wis €35,618, well abuin Germany's naitional average, an 159% o the European Union's average.

Athin Germany an pairts o Europe, the ceety is kent for its leadin handbaw team, *[[THW Kiel]]*. The ceety is hame tae the University o Kiel (established in 1665).

## Sister touns
Kiel is twinned wi:
*  Brest, Fraunce (1964)
*  Coventry, Unitit Kinrick (1967)
*  Vaasa, Finland (1967)
*  Gdynia, Poland (1985)
*  Tallinn, Estonie (1986)
*  Stralsund, Germany (1987)
*  Kaliningrad, Roushie (1992)
*  Sovetsk, Roushie (1992)

## References
Port Said

**Port Said** (Arabic **بورسعيد** transliteratit  ****) is a city in north-east Egyp, near the Suez Canal, wi an approximate population o 603,787 (2010). The city wis establisht in 1859 durin the biggin o the Suez Canal.

The economic base o Port Said is fishin an industries, like chemicals, processed fuid, an cigarettes. Port Said is an' a' an important harbour baith for exports o Egyptian products like cotton an rice, but an' a' a fuelin station for ships that pass through the Suez Canal. Port Said an aa thrives on being a duty-free port, as well as a simmer resort for Egyptians.

There are numerous auld hooses wi grand balconies on aw floors, givin the city a distinctive leuk. Port Said's twin city is Port Fouad, which lies on the eastren side o the canal. The twa cities coexist, tae the extent that there haurdly is ony toun centre in Port Fouad. The cities are connectit bi free ferries runnin aw through the day, an thegither they form a metropolitan aurie wi ower a million residents.

In addition tae its port, the city is served bi Port Said Airport.

Baith in the Suez Crisis (1956) an in the Yom Kippur War (1973) Port Said wis hivily demolisht.

## The port

The port is bordered, seaward, bi an imaginar line frae the wastren breakwater boondary till the eastren breakwater end. Frae the Suez Canal area, it is bordered bi an imaginary line extendin transversely fre the soothren bank o the Canal connectit tae Manzala Lake, an the railways arcade livestock.

### Navigation Channels

;Main Channel
*Length: 8&nbsp;km (5&nbsp;mi)
* Depth: 13.72&nbsp;m (45.01&nbsp;ft)

;East Verge Channel
*Length: 19.5&nbsp;km (12&nbsp;mi)
* Depth: 18.29&nbsp;m (60.01&nbsp;ft)

### Approach Area

Twa breakwaters protect the port entrance channel: the wastren breakwater is aboot 3.5 mile (5.6&nbsp;km) lang, an the eastren breakwater is approximately 1.5 mile (2.4&nbsp;km).

### Dwellin Area

The **Suez Canal dwellin area** is situatit atween latitudes 31° 21' N an 31° 25' N an langitudes 32° 16.2°' E an 32° 20.6' E. whaur vessels awaitin tae accede Port Said port stay whether tae join the North convoy tae transit the Suez Canal tae carry oot stevedorin operations or tae be supplied wi provisions an bunkers. The dwellin area is dividit intae twa sections:

The **Northren Area** is allocatit for vessels wi deep drafts.  The **Soothren Area** is for aw vessel types.

## Sister ceeties

* **[[Bizerte]]**, Tunisie (1977)
* **[[Volgograd]]**, Roushie (1962)
Beersheba

**Beersheba** (Offeecially **Be'er Sheva**; , ; ; , **; ) is the lairgest ceety in the Negev desert o soothren Israel. Aften referred tae as the "Caipital o the Negev", it is the seivent-lairgest ceety in Israel wi a population o .

Beersheba grew in importance in the 19t century, when the Ottoman Turks biggit a regional polis station thare. The Battle o Beersheba wis pairt o a wider Breetish offensive in Warld War I aimed at breakin the Turkish defensive line frae Gaza tae Beersheba. In 1947, *Bir Seb'a* (), as it wis kent, wis envisioned as pairt o the Arab state in the Unitit Naitions Partition Plan for Palestine. When the Arabs rejectit the Unitit Naitions resolution declarin Israel an independent state, the Egyptian airmy amassed its forces in Beersheba as a strategic an logistical base. In October 1948, the ceety wis conquered bi the Israel Defense Forces.

Beersheba haes grown considerably syne then. A lairge portion o the population is made up o Jews who immigratit frae Arab kintras efter 1948, an haes been significantly boostit syne 1990 bi immigrants frae Ethiopie an the umwhile Soviet Union. Wi the influx o Roushie immigrants, chess became a major sport in Beersheba. The ceety is nou Israel's naitional chess center, hame tae mair chess grandmaisters than ony ceety in the warld.

## Etymology
Thare are several etymologies for the oreegin o the name "Beersheba":
* The oath o Abraham an Abimelech (*well o the oath*)
* The seiven wells dug bi Isaac (*seiven wells*), tho anerlie three or fower hae been identified
* The oath o Isaac an Abimelech (*well o the oath*)
* The seiven ewes that sealed Abraham an Abimelech's oath (*well o the seiven*).

*Be'er* is the Hebrew wird for *well*; *sheva* coud mean "seiven" or "oath" (frae the Hebrew wird *shvu'a*).

## Twin touns — Sister ceeties

The follaein are ceeties an towns wi which Beersheba haes a toun twinnin agreement:

## References
Netanya

**Netanya** () is a ceety in the Northren Centre District o Israel an is the caipital o the surroondin Sharon plain. It is locatit 30&nbsp;km north o Tel Aviv, an 56&nbsp;km sooth o Haifa atween the 'Poleg' stream an Wingate Institute in the sooth an the 'Avichail' stream in the north. Its 14 kilometres (8.7&nbsp;mi) o beaches hae made the ceety a vera popular tourist resort. The day the ceety hooses a notably muckle population o Inglis-speakin immigrants frae the Unitit Kinrick, USA, an Canadae. In , it haed a population o , makkin it the 7t mucklest ceety in Israel. An additional 150,000 fowk live in the local an regional councils athin 10 kilometres frae Netanya which serves as a regional centre for them. The ceety mayor is Miriam Feirberg. The ceety is expectit tae reach a population o 350,000 bi 2020.

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns — Sister ceeties
Netanya  is twinned wi:

*  Bournemouth in Unitit Kinrick
*  Cincinnati in Ohio, Unitit States *(syne 2000)*
*  Como in Italy
*  Dortmund in Germany
*  Gießen in Germany

*  Gowd Coast in Queensland, Australie
*  Iaşi in Romanie
*  Nice in Fraunce
*  Nowy Sącz in Poland 
*  Sarcelles in Fraunce

*  Siófok in Hungary
*  Stavanger in Norawa
*  Sunny Isles Beach in Florida, Unitit States
*  Cáceres in Spain

## References
Ramla

**Ramla** ( *Ramlāh*;  *ar-Ramlah*, an aa  **Ramlah**, **Ramle**, **Remle** an whiles **Rama**), is a ceety in central Israel. The ceety is predominantly Jewish wi a significant Arab minority. Ramla wis foondit circa 705–715 AD bi the Umayyad Caliph Suleiman ibn Abed al-Malik efter the Arab conquest o the region. Ramla lays alang the route o the *[[Via Maris]]*, connectin auld Cairo (Fustat) wi Damascus, at the intersection o the roads connectin the port o Jaffa wi Jerusalem.

It wis conquered mony times in the course o its history, bi the Abbasids, the Ikhshidids, the Fatamids, the Seljuqs, the Crusaders, the Mameluks, the Turks, the Breetish, an the Israelis. Efter an ootbreak o the Black Daith in 1347, which greatly reduced the population, an order o Franciscan monks establisht a presence in the ceety. Unner Arab an Ottoman rule the ceety acome an important tred center. Napoleon's French Airmy occupied it in 1799 on its wey tae Acre.

Most o the toun's Arab residents  wur expelled durin the 1948 Arab-Israeli War while ithers remained in the toun. The toun wis subsequently repopulatit bi Jewish immigrants.

The Giv'on immigration detention centre is locatit in Ramla.

In recent years, attempts hae been made tae develop an bonnify the ceety, which haes been plagued bi neglect, financial problems an a negative public image. New shoppin malls an public pairks hae been biggit, an a municipal museum opened in 2001.

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns — Sister ceeties
Ramla is twinned wi:
*  Kansas Ceety, Missouri
*  Vaughan, Ontario, Canadae
*  Moers, Germany
*  Daugavpils, Latvie 
*  Mek'ele, Ethiopie
*  Chelyabinsk, Roushie

## References
Daugavpils

**Daugavpils** () is the seicont lairgest ceety in Latvie. It is locatit approximately 230&nbsp;km sooth-east o the Latvian caipital, Riga, on the banks o the Daugava River, frae which the ceety gets its name. Daugavpils literally means "Castle on the Daugava." Daugavpils haes a favorable geographical poseetion as it borders Belaroushie an Lithuanie (distances o 33 an 25&nbsp;km respectively). It is locatit some 120&nbsp;km frae the Latvian mairch wi Roushie. Daugavpils is a big railwey junction an industry centre.

The ceety is surroondit bi mony lakes an naitur pairks.

## Internaitional relations
### Twin touns – Sister ceeties

Daugavpils is twinned wi:

## References
6t o October Ceety

**6t o October Ceety** is a satellite ceety o Cairo. It wis the caipital o the 6t o October Govrenorate frae 2008 tae 2011. Population: Aboot 500,000  A new cosmopolitan ceety, it hosts students o mony naitionalities who seek eddication at its private varsities.

It is an aa considered ane o the first generation o new ceeties in Egyp.

## Establishment
The ceety wis establisht in 1979 bi the 504t presidential decree o preses Anwar El Sadat. It is 17&nbsp;km frae the great pyramids o Giza an 32&nbsp;km frae Cairo dountoun. The ceety haes a tot aurie o 97.4 thoosan feddans (400&nbsp;km2) an is expectit tae hae 3.7 million indwallers. The ceety wis annoonced as the caipital o the 6t o October Governorate in Aprile, 2008.

The ceety's name commemorates Egyp's military success at the 1973 Yom Kippur War.  The 6t o October is an aa Egyp's Airmed Forces Day.

## Vital headquarters
6t o October Ceety is the heidquarters o The Confederation o African Fitbaa.  6t of October Ceety, an aa hosts Egyp's **Smart Village**, the technology pairk an regional hub form mony companies in the IT & Financial Sector.

## Business
* Bavarian Auto Manufacturing Company (de)
* Egyptian German Automotive Company (de)
* General Motors Egypt S.A.E. (de)
* Smart Village
* Stream Global Services, Inc
* Suzuki Egypt S.A.E. (de)
* Kishk Real Estate

## Education facilities
Thare are 7 private varsities in 6t o October Ceety, includin twa private medical schools at Misr University for Science an Technology an October 6 University.

### Leet o universities
* Modern Sciences and Arts University
* October 6 University
* Ahram Canadian University
* Misr University for Science and Technology
* Nile University 
* Akhbar El Youm Academy
* Higher Institute of Applied Arts
* Higher Institute of Science and Technology
* The Higher Institute of Engineering
* The Higher Technological Institute
* Cairo University in El-Sheikh Zayed
* higher institute for airchitectur

## Health services
The ceety haes several teachin, public, an private hospitals as well as mony smawer clinics.

### Leet o hospitals
* MUST Hospital
* Six October University Teaching Hospital (SOUTH) Hospital
* Dar El Fouad Hospital (1st accreditit cardiac hospital in Africae an the Middle East)
* Shiekh Zayed Specialized Hospital
* Shiekh Zayed Central Hospital
* Al Safwa Hospital
* Al Zohor Hospital

## Clubs
Shooting Club an Wadi degla club opened thair branches in the ceety, Clubs lik Ahly an Zamalek or set tae be constructit in the future.  An aa, Egyp's maist acclaimed an elitest Gezira Club is an aa in the construction stages o its 6 October premises.

The ceety haes an airport, railwey station an an extensive industrial pairk.

## References

## Freemit airtins
* http://www.kishkrealestate.com
* http://www.o6u.edu.eg/university
* http://www.msa.eun.eg 
* http://www.must.edu.eg
Salto, Uruguay

**Salto** is the caipital ceety o the Salto Depairtment in northwastren Uruguay. It is locatit on Route 3, aboot  northwast o Montevideo, an on the east bank o Río Uruguay, athort the ceety Concordia o Argentinae. Aboot  north o ceety, the Salto Grande Bridge, built on top o the Salto Grande Dam, joins the twa sides. It is connectit bi Salto Internaitional Airport an bi rail an aw. Wi a population o 104,028 as of the 2011 census, it is the third maist populatit ceety o the kintra.

## Population an location
It haes a population o 99,072 (2004 census). It is the caipital o the depaortment o Salto. The ceety is situatit 496&nbsp;km bi road northwast o Montevideo on the Uruguay River, opposite the Argentine ceety o Concordia, Entre Ríos, tae which it is linked bi the Salto Grande Bridge built on top o the Salto Grande Dam.

## Local featurs
Popular activities amang young fowk include drinkin mate (a herbal beverage), goin dancin at nicht, an crossin intae Argentinae tae go shoppin in Concordia on weekends.

Ane o the attractions are thermal pools which are locatit close tae the ceety. They are kept at ower 100 degrees Fahrenheit (38°C) year aroond.

Salto is an aa kent for its Calle Uruguay, in which locals stroll durin weekend nichts tae socialise, drink wi friends or juist show aff.

Despite its mony slum areas, Salto is considered ane o the heicher class auries o Uruguay for its various amenities that maist o the kintra is lackin.

## Transportation
Salto is connectit tae Montevideo by regular bus services. There is an aa a local airport an there are plans tae improve it. There are occasional chairter flichts that land there bringin tourists tae the local thermal baths. Local business fowk are an aa keen tae expand the airport tae allou freight (particularly fruit) tae be shipped directly frae the region.

## References
Suphan Buri Province

**Suphan Buri** () is ane o the central provinces (*changwat*) o Thailand. Neighboringprovinces are (frae north clockwise) Uthai Thani, Chai Nat, Sing Buri, Ang Thong, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Nakhon Pathom an Kanchanaburi.

## Etymology
The wird *Suphan* oreeginates frae the Sanskrit wird *Suvarna* (Devanagari: ), meanin *[[gold]]*, an the wird *buri* frae Sanskrit *Purī* (Devanagari: ), meanin *[[toun]]* or *[[ceety]]*. Hence the name o the province literally means *Ceety o Gold*.

## Geography
The terrain o the province is maistly law river plains, wi sma muntain ranges in the north an the wast o the province. The sootheastren pairt wi the vera law plain o the Tha Cheen river is paddy rice farmin aurie.

## History
Suphan Buri might be the site o the legendary Suvarnabhumi, which is mentioned in vera auld Buddhist writins. Housomeivver the first confirmed historical dounset wis in the Dvaravati period, when the ceety wis kent as Mueang Thawarawadi Si Suphannaphumi. Its foondin did tak place 877-882. Later it wis cawed U Thong, an wis the hame ceety o Prince U Thong, the foonder o the Ayutthaya Kingdom. Keeng Khun Luang Pha Ngua finally gae it the current name. Suphan Buri wis an important mairch ceety, an an' a' the location o several battles wi the neighborin Burmese.

## Seembols
The provincial seal shows the elephant battle atween Keeng Naresuan the Great an the croun prince o Burma in 1592, which teuk place in Suphan Buri.

Provincial tree is the Ebony Tree (*Diospyros mollis*), มะเกลือ.

## References
Kuala Lumpur

**Kuala Lumpur** (translatit as: "muddy confluence" or "muddy estuary";  in Inglis; Malay , locally  or even , and eften abbreviated as **K.L.**) is the caipital an the lairgest ceety o Malaysie in terms o population. The ceety proper, makin up an aurie o 244 km2 (94 sq mi), haes an estimatit population o 1.73 million . Greater Kuala Lumpur, an' a' kent as the Klang Valley, is an urban agglomeration o 7.2 million. It is the fastest growin metropolitan region in the kintra, in terms o population an economy.

Kuala Lumpur is the seat o the Parliament o Malaysie. The ceety wis ance hame tae the executive an judicial branches o the federal government, but they hae syne moved tae Putrajaya stairtin in 1999. Some sections o the judiciary remain in the caipital. The offeecial residence o the Malaysian Keeng, the Istana Negara, is an aa situatit in Kuala Lumpur. Ratit as an alpha warld ceety, Kuala Lumpur is the cultural, financial an economic centre o Malaysie due tae its position as the caipital as well as being a primate ceety.

Kuala Lumpur is defined athin the borders o the Federal Territory o Kuala Lumpur an is ane o three Malaysian Federal Territories. It is an enclave athin the state o Selangor, on the central wast coast o Peninsular Malaysie. Residents o the ceety are colloquially kent as KLites.

Syne the 1990s, the ceety haes played host tae mony internaitional sportin, poleetical an cultural events includin the 1998 Commonwealth Games an the Formula Ane Warld Championship. In addition, Kuala Lumpur is hame tae the tallest twin biggins in the warld, the Petronas Twin Towers, which hae become a seembol o Malaysie's development.

## References

## Freemit airtins

*Offeecial Kuala Lumpur Wabsteid 
*Kuala Lumpur Ceety Hall 
*ITIS Kuala Lumpur
Northren Cyprus

**Northren Cyprus** or **North Cyprus** (), formally named the **Turkish Republic o Northren Cyprus** (**TRNC**) (   (KKTC),), is a *[[de facto]]* state locatit in the northren portion o the island o Cyprus.  Tensions atween the Greek Cypriot an Turkish Cypriot populations culminatit in 1974 wi a coup d'état, an attempt tae annex the island tae Greece an a military invasion bi Turkey in response resultit in a partitionin o the island, the resettlement o mony o its indwallers, an, eventually,  a unilateral declaration o unthrildom bi the north in 1983.  Northren Cyprus haes received diplomatic recognition anerlie frae Turkey, upon which it is dependent for economic, poleetical an military support.  The rest o the internaitional community, includin the Unitit Naitions an the European Union, recognises the *[[de jure]]* sovereignty o the Republic o Cyprus ower the entire island.

Attempts tae reach a solution tae the dispute hae sae far been unsuccessful. In 2004 a fift revision o the  UN Annan Plan tae settle the Cyprus dispute wis acceptit bi a majority o Turkish Cypriots in a referendum, but rejectit bi a majority o Greek Cypriots. The Turkish Airmy maintains a lairge force in Northren Cyprus; its presence is supportit an approved bi the *[[de facto]]* local govrenment, but the Republic o Cyprus an the internaitional community regaird it as an illegal occupation force, an its presence haes an aa been denoonced in several United Nations Security Council resolutions.

Northren Cyprus extends frae the tip o the Karpass Peninsula (Cape Apostolos Andreas) in the northeast, wastward tae Morphou Bay an Cape Kormakitis (the Kokkina/Erenköy exclave marks the wastrenmaist extent o the aurie), an soothward tae the veelage o Louroujina/Akıncılar. A buffer zone unner the control o the Unitit Naitions stretches atween Northren Cyprus an the rest o the island an divides Nicosia, the island's lairgest ceety an caipital o baith states.

## References
Mitsubishi Pistachio

The **Mitsubishi Pistachio** is a three-door sedan introducit bi Mitsubishi Motors in Dizember 1999, based on the platform o thair Minica kei caur. Anerlie 50 Pistachios wur sauld in aither Citron Yellae an Loire Green colour schemes, priced at ¥959,000, tae local authorities an public corporations wirkin tae pertect the environment.

## Specifications
Pouered bi a *[[Mitsubishi 4A3 ingine|4A31]]* 1094&nbsp;cc DOHC 16v ingine capable o 54&nbsp;kW (73 PS; 72&nbsp;hp) at 6000&nbsp;rpm an 100 N·m (74&nbsp;lb·ft) o torque at 4000&nbsp;rpm, the caur wis designed tae maximize fuel economy an minimize emissions. It haed a 700&nbsp;kg (1,500&nbsp;lb) kerb weight, slim 135/80R13 tyres, electric pouer steerin, lichtweight stainless steel exhaust manifold, lichtweight aluminium wheels, aluminium huid, thin-gauge glass, an an aluminium seatback. Unner the huid, it utilized baith petrol direct injection (GDI) an *[[start-stop seestem|Automatic Stop-Go]]* (ASG), a seestem which turns aff the ingine while the vehicle is stationary an automatically restairts it when the clutch is depressed. Sae equipped, the Pistachio recordit fuel consumption o 30&nbsp;km/L (84.7 mpg-imp; 70.6 mpg-US), unprecedentit for an exclusively petrol-pouered vehicle.

## References
Gafsa

**Gafsa** (or **Qafsah**; ) is the main ceety o the Sooth wast o Tunisie. It is baith a historical oasis an the hame o the Phosphate minin industry o Tunisie.

## Owerview
The ceety haes an estimatit population o 90,000. it is the ninet mucklest ceety in Tunisie. 
The governorate haes 340,000 indwallers (2005 estimate) an an aurie o 8,990&nbsp;km². Its geografical coordinates are .

## Historie
Historical steids findins in Gafsa suggest a thrivin ceevilization datin back tae mair nor 15,000 year.

Gafsa name comes frae its Roman Mesolithic historic name Capsa. Capsa wis foondit bi the Romans in the seicont century B.C. 
The Roman pools, still uised the day, in Gafsa are a testament tae its auld historie.

Oqba Ibn Nafi conquered Gafsa in 688, housamever he faced resistance frae the Berbers. Gafsa wis converted tae the Muslim an arabic cultur completely bi the Bani Hilal in 1050. Its indwallers the day are mainly frae the Hmamma tribes descedents o the Bani Hilal.

In the seicont warld war, Gafsa suffered hivy bombardment frae the German army an pairt o its Ksbah wis destroyed.

Phosphate mines war discovered sae early as 1886, an Gafsa the day is hame tae ane o the mucklest mines o phosphate in the warld.  
 
Gafsa haes been a region wi an active poleetical vyce ootthroo its historie, an various events hae shaped its poleetical contreibutions the kintra across the various phases o modren Tunisia.

On Januar 27, 1980 a group o dissidents armed an trained bi Libie occupied the ceety tae contest the regime o Habib Bourguiba at the time. 48 fowk war killt in the battles.

In Januar 2008 Gafsa wis the epicentre o a popular spontaneous uprisin against the regime o preses Ben Ali. While the govrenment wis swift an brutal in attemptin tae suppress the uprisin, this movement is credited the day for bein the first seeds o the revolution that enabled the Tunisians tae remove Ben Ali frae pouer an ignited the Arab spring in the rest o North Africae an the Middle East an beyond.

## Sports
El Kawafel Sportives de Gafsa (Arabic: القوافل الرياضية بقفصة‎ (EGSG) is the main fitbaa club o Gafsa.

## Partner ceeties
*  Naples, Italy
*  Palma de Mallorca, Spain

## Freemit Airtins
*Gafsa - The Historical Oasis
Emblem o Ethiopie

The **naitional Emblem o [[Ethiopie]]** haes been in its current form syne 1996. It contains a golden pentagram radiatin rays o licht on a blue shield. The day the pentagram stands for the unity o the fowk an the naitionality o Ethiopie. 

The emblem an aa appears on the centre o the Banner o Ethiopie.

In 1975, an earlier version o the emblem o Ethiopie wis adoptit, consistin o a plow on a yellae sunburst surroondit bi a wreath. It wis associatit wi the Derg regime.

Prior tae 1975, thare wis a European-heraldry influenced ryal coat o airms for the Empire o Ethiopie.
Toyota Comfort

The **[[Toyota]] Comfort**, released in 1995, wis designed for uise as a taxicab in Japan. Its primary competitor wis the Nissan Crew an its seicontary competitor wis the Cedric Y31. A lang wheelbase version, cawed **Toyota Crown Comfort** is available in Japan an it wis an aa exportit tae Hong Kong an Singapore.

Tae reduce unnecessary cost, wecht an increase interior space (wi emphasis on rear cabin space), the mair luxurious dashboard an fitments (includin leather seats) o the Crown Royal wur replaced wi less bulky aw-plastic pairts wi vera semple designs. In order tae reduce maintenance costs, it uises vera semple mechanical designs sic as live axle rear suspension. The Crown Comfort is the maist popular taxicab in Japan, Singapore an Hong Kong.

The Comfort is pouered bi aither the 3C diesel ingine or an LPG ingine. Auto stap-stairt function is available for some versions in the Japanese mercatt. It uises a rear-wheel drivetrain. Some versions can be licenced tae cairy 5 passengers (excludin the driver). The sax-seater version uises column gearchynge whauras the five-seater version can aither hae column or floor gearchynge. The Japanese model haes fender mirrors an an automatic (driver-activatit) rear door (an aa staundart in Hong Kong).

## Technical specifications
The Crown Comfort uises a 1998 cc 1TR-FPE ingine wi 85&nbsp;kW (116 PS) at 4800 rpm on LPG.

**YXS10/LXS10**
The YXS10/LXS10 wis the first vehicle tae be badged as the **Comfort**. The caur (LPG version) wis released in 2001. The main differences are that the YXS10 haes an extra seat in the front, sicweys bein able tae cairy 5 passengers (driver excludit). It an aa boastit automatic doors an a 4-speed automatic transmission became staundart in 2004.

**YXS11**
The YXS11 wis released in late 2007 as a successor tae the YSX10. New features o the YSX11 included elongatit rearlichts an a newly-designed ruif sign. The new model an aa boasts mair stringent emission staundarts set bi Toyota Japan an utilizes mair LED lichts.

## Equipment
Twa trim levels: Base an Deluxe. 15-in wheels, ABS+BA, Stap&Start-seestem, driver air bag, three-pynt seatbelts, air con, a radio an pouer steerin are staundart in the base model. Electric mirrors goes tae Deluxe. In Deluxe you can an aa specify central lockin.

## TRD Comfort GT-Z Supercharger

The TRD Comfort GT-Z Supercharger wis a leemitit edition sports model made in 2003. Tot production o this version wis 59.

This caur haed a 3S-FE type DOHC 2.0&nbsp;L L4 ORC-TX07 superchairged petrol ingine.

Maximum pouer is 160 PS (118&nbsp;kW) at 6100&nbsp;rpm.
Maximum torque is 22.5&nbsp;kg·m (221 N·m) at 3300&nbsp;rpm.

## Freemit airtins
*Crown Motors (Hong Kong) Toyota Comfort page 
*Toyota Comfort Short Model page(JAPANESE) 
*Toyota Comfort Long Model(Crown Comfort) page(JAPANESE) 
*TRD Toyota Comfort GT-Z Official Site(JAPANESE) 
*TRD Toyota Comfort GT-Z Owner's Site(JAPANESE) 

## References
Toyota Brevis

The **Toyota Brevis** is a mid-sized luxury sedan introduced in Mey 2001 an sauld anerlie in Japan. The Brevis haes some stylin cues frae the Lexus LS 430. Sales stairtit in Juin, 2001. The Brevis wis discontinued in 2007.

## Owerview
The Toyota Brevis is based on the Progres, which wis launcht hauf a year afore the Altezza/Lexus IS wi a seemilar platform. Unlik Progres, the new Brevis aims at younger customers, wi Toyota sayin it is intendit tae compete directly wi imports lik the BMW 3-series an Mercedes C-Class. The chassis an pouertrain is seemilar tae the Progres, wi altered exterior stylin an a differently trimmed interior. The heidlamps consists o three roond teep beams. The feelin o luxury an elegant space is reflectit bi uisin the gless green lichtin for the speedometer an the clock. The stylish centre console hooses a LCD monitor an an alloy-effect soond seestem which consists o a on-dash CD chynger, DVD an MD playback, wi 7 speakers on the tap model.

The Brevis is based on the same rear-drive platform as Lexus IS, wi wheelbase extendit tae 2,780&nbsp;mm (109.4&nbsp;in). In terms o size an wecht, it staund atween a BMW 3-series an 5-series, sae cabin space is plenty. Housomeivver, dynamically speakin it can haurdly match the European rivals (in Toyota's brand images, that role is left for Lexus tae fulfill), awtho rides on dooble-wishbones suspensions. Suspension is set softer than the Lexus, steerin is less direct, an its 1,550&nbsp;kg (3,417&nbsp;lb) kerb wecht an aa hurt handlin agility.

Thare are twa choices o pouer plant: 2.5-litre or 3.0-litre straucht-sax baith front mountit, pumpin oot 200&nbsp;hp (150&nbsp;kW) an 220&nbsp;hp (160&nbsp;kW) respectively. Baith are equipped wi VVT-i an D-4 direct injection. It comes this wi 5-speed AT (2WD car) or 4-speed AT (4WD car) options, in which the 4WD option is anerlie available for the 2.5 litre model.

Ither options includes pouer adjustable pedal, in which pedal poseetions can be adjustit tae suit the drivers' drivin posture, the poseetion o pedal, steerin wheel an driver’s seat are memorized. Thare is an' a' an electric rear sunshade an a radar guided cruise control seestem tae ensure a safe follaein distance tae the caur ahead in correspondence tae the travelin speed. Aw thir are staundart equipments. An aa includit are the Vehicle Stability Control (VSC) seestem, ABS, an heich intensity dischairge (HID) heid lamps.

The later models wis improved in Aprile 2004 as the prestigious mesh grille design wis adoptit for the front grille. The models efter December 2005 comes wi EMV (wi colour backin guide monitor & windae shade corner monitor) an an' a' a DVD vyce navigation seestem for G-BOOK an NAVI.AI-SHIFT (no applicable for 4WD models.)
Wallie-dug

**Wallie-dugs** are fantoosh variorums for ordinar makkit oot o cheenae (kent as wallie forby). Thay uisually come in twasomes an pitten at aither side o the mantel piece. They war common in the 19t yeirhunner an makit in bulk at potteries sic as Powkshaws in Glesga or Portobello near Edinburgh.

## Dug feegures
Thay'r aftern pit thegither in pairs, decoratit wi a gowd chain an locket, an wi a creamy white coat. The Wallie-dug wis a Victorian bourgeois status-seembol ornament: Nae mantalepeice wis feenishit wioot a pair o wallie-dugs guardin it. Wallie dugs war pit ontae windae sills an aw. Nouadays, Wallie-dugs ur collectors eetems. Fae the 1720s, wallie dugs hiv bin pit thegither bi pottery factories in Staffoirdshire. The quality fur the modellin an pentin o the wallie dugs micht be sindry tae wan anither. As popularity fur thaim went up in the 19t yearhunner, the quality stairtit tae gae doun. Thoosands war pit thegither bit oreegionals in guid condeetion an thair richt pairins are nou haurder tae find. The feegures kept bein pit thegither until the 1920s an early models are better quality. Hounaiver, reproductions war still bein pit thegither in 2009.

## References
Cheenae (wallie)

**Cheenae** or **wallie** is a ceramic material made by heatin selected an refined materials tae heich temperaturs. This aften includes cley in the form o kaolinite. It is whiles cried **Porcelain**.

Raw materials for cheenae, whan draigled wi watter, mak a plastic batter that can be wirked tae a required shape affore firin in a kil at temperaturs atween aboot 1200 an 1400 degree Celsius.
Cley

**Cley**, **clabber** or **glaur** is a kynd o syle that is slairgy tae the titch. It is aften uised in the makkin o gairdenin pats. Dependin on the kynd, it whiles haes a shairp textur, an is whiles gey mingin. Cleys are complex materials containin mony different kynds o atoms, houaniver, aw cleys conteen muckle nummers o silicon (Si) an oxygen (O) atoms, jyned thegether for tae mak silicate. Thay furm whan stanes are brak doun or wathered. For tae mak laim, cley is moolded in shape, dried, an than fired in a furnace or kil for tae mak it haird.
Kil

A **kil** is a chaumer that is thermally insulate. It is a kynd o uin, in whilk a controlled temperatur regime is produced. Uisses include the hairdenin, burnin or dryin materials. Kils are uised for the firin o materials an aw, sic as cley an ither raw materials, for tae furm ceramics.

## References
Mitsubishi Proudia

The **Mitsubishi Proudia** is a luxury caur manufactured bi Mitsubishi Motors frae late 1999, poseetioned juist belaw the flagship Mitsubishi Dignity limousine in the company's range. Its name is a portmanteau derived frae the Inglis wird "proud", an "diamond" (referrin tae the company's logo) as a "fittin epithet for Mitsubishi Motors' ultimate luxury caur", The entire Proudia/Dignity range wis designed bi Mitsubishi Motors an co-manufactured wi Hyundai o Sooth Korea, who mercatit thair awn version as the Hyundai Equus.

The Proudia wis priced frae ¥4.6&nbsp;million tae ¥6.4&nbsp;million, an came in three specifications labelled A, B or C. A an B featurt a *[[Mitsubishi 6G ingine|6G74]]* 3497&nbsp;cc GDi V6 producin 240 PS (177&nbsp;kW)  at 5500&nbsp;rpm an 343 N·m (253&nbsp;lb·ft) o torque at 2500&nbsp;rpm, while specification C featurt the *[[Mitsubishi 8A8 ingine|8A80]]* 4498&nbsp;cc GDi V8 producin 280 PS (206&nbsp;kW) at 5000&nbsp;rpm an 412 N·m (304&nbsp;lb·ft) at 4000&nbsp;rpm. The caur wis equipped wi several advanced features lik CCD cameras tae monitor adjacent lanes an ahint the caur, an a laser activatit adaptive cruise control.

The Dignity an Proudia's combined volumes fell far shy o Mitsubishi's estimatit 300 sales per month, an thay wur available for anerlie fifteen months frae thair introduction on Februar 20, 2000, afore Mitsubishi's financial difficulties forced the company tae discontinue baith models in an effort tae streamline its range an reduce costs. Housomeivver, the Hyundai Equus proved mair commercially successfu an wad remain in production till replaced in 2008.

## Production an sales


*(Sources: [http://www.mitsubishi-motors.com/corporate/ir/share/pdf/e/fact0009.pdf Fact & Figures 2000] , [http://www.mitsubishi-motors.com/corporate/ir/share/pdf/e/fact2005.pdf Fact & Figures 2005] , Mitsubishi Motors website)*


## Footnotes
Toyota Yaris

The **Toyota Yaris** is a subcompact caur produced bi Toyota syne 1999. Atween 1999 an 2005, some mercats received the same vehicles unner the **Toyota Echo** name. Toyota haes uised the "Yaris" an "Echo" names on the export version o several different Japanese-mercat models:

## First generation (1999–2005)

First generation models wur mercatit atween 1999 an 2005 unner the "Yaris" an "Echo" names dependin on the mercat. Hatchback, coupe, an sedan body variants wur affered.

* **Hatchback**: versions derive frae the Japanese-mercat Toyota Vitz.
* **Coupe an sedan**: versions derive frae the Japanese-mercat Toyota Platz.


File:Toyota Yaris front 20080104.jpg|First generation hatchback 
File:00-02 Toyota Echo coupe.jpg|First generation coupe 
File:2002-2005 Toyota Echo (NCP12R) sedan 01.jpg|First generation sedan 


## Seicont generation (2005–2010)

Seicont generation models hae been mercatit syne 2005 unner the "Yaris" name warldwide. Hatchback an sedan body variants are affered.

* **Hatchback**: versions derive frae the Japanese-mercat Toyota Vitz.
* **Sedan**: versions derive frae the Japanese-mercat Toyota Belta.


File:Toyota Yaris 3 door.jpg|Seicont generation hatchback 
File:06-08 Toyota Yaris.jpg|Seicont generation sedan 


## Third generation (2010–2020)

Third generation model's mass production began in late 2010. Hatchback an sedan body styles are offered.

* **Hatchback**: versions derive frae the Japanese-mercat Toyota Vitz.
* **Sedan**: versions derive frae the Asian-mercat Toyota Vios.
Toyota Platz

The **Toyota Platz** is a subcompact automobile that wis manufactured in Japan bi Toyota frae 1999 throu tae 2005, when replaced bi the Toyota Belta. Designatit bi Toyota as the *XP10* series, the Platz wis sauld in export mercats as aither the **Toyota Echo** or **Toyota Yaris**. The "Echo" an "Yaris" names wur an aa gien tae the export version o the relatit Japanese mercat Toyota Vitz hatchback, frae which the Platz derives.

"Platz" is German for "square" (as in a toun square). Anerlie inline-fower ingines wur fittit tae the Platz, which wis sauld in Japan as a fower-door sedan anerlie. A coupe wis an aa available in North Americae whaur the caur wis badged "Echo".

## History

The Echo wis introduced in North Americae in 1999 as for the 2000 model year in coupé an sedan guises. The Echo's running gear is shared wi the ist an Toyota bB, sauld in the Unitit States as the Scion xA an xB respectively, an the Japan-anerlie Toyota Will Vi. The same platform is the base for the Japanese-anerlie Probox an Succeed wagons.

In the Unitit States, the Echo sauld 50,000 examples, wi juist hauf that mony in 2003. The Echo wis an element o Toyota Project Genesis, a failed effort tae bring younger buyers tae the marque in the Unitit States. The Echo sauld in heich volumes in Canadae, whaur smawer cars are mair popular than in the US. In Canadae, Toyota an aa affered 3- an 5-door versions o the Echo, which wis identical tae the European-mercat Toyota Vitz, awtho thay went on sale as 2004 models tae repalace the Toyota Echo coupe (last sauld in Canadae efter the 2002 model year).  As a response for Toyota bringin Echo hatchbacks tae Canadae, the Toyota Echo coupe wis last sauld in Canadae as a 2002 model, but remained on sale in the United States till endin production as a 2005 model, alang wi the sedan.  It wis the predecessor tae the current North American Toyota Yaris, sharin mony identical features, sic as the odd (an somewha controversial) center placement o the speedometer an gauges, as opposed tae in front o the steerin wheel. Pouer options on the Echo are a rare find. Maist are juist equipped wi manual windaes an locks, A/C, an a sax speaker audio seestem wi a CD an/or a cassette player.

The Echo is kent for its quite ootstandin fuel economy, wi EPA estimates o 41 mpg Hwy an 34 mpg Ceety.

In some pairts o Sootheast Asie (no includin Hong Kong an Japan), a modified version o the Platz wi different body panels is sauld unner the name Toyota Vios.

The 2010 edition o Monash University's *Used Car Safety Ratings* (UCSR), foond that the XP10 provides a "poor" (twa oot o five starns) level o occupant safety pertection in the event o an accident.

## US sales
*2000 – 48,876
*2001 – 42,464
*2002 – 30,859
*2003 – 26,167
*2004 – 3,899
*2005 – 1,544

## References