open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
KYPCK

**KYPCK** (Volapuk rendition frae rus. Курск) is a Finnish doom metal baund formed in 2007.

Thay caw themselves “Fast Roushie Doom Metal Frae Finland”. Vocalist Erkki Seppänen speaks fluent Roushie an haes worked in the embassy in Moscow . Thair debut album "Черно" (Cherno) wis released on Mairch 12 2008 (in Finland) as jewelbox an digipack versions. Thare ar cyrillic Roushie leerics an Inglis translations in the booklet o the album. Transliteratit sing-alang versions o the leerics ar available exclusively at kypck-doom.com. As o Januar 2010, thay hae finished recordin thair seicont album, an thay ar currently lookin for a label tae release it.

Erkki Seppänen - Vocals
Sami S. Lopakka - Guitar
J. T. Ylä-Rautio - Bass
Kai H. M. Hiilesmaa - Drums
Sami Kukkohovi - Live Guitar

## Albums

### Full length

* Черно - 2008
* Niže - 2011
* Imena na stene - 2014
* Zero - 2016

### Single

* 1917 - 2008
* Imja na stene / Deti Birkenau - 2014
* All About Us - 2016

## External links

* http://www.KYPCK-DOOM.com
* http://www.myspace.com/kypck
* Interview with  Sami Lopakka  
* http://memori.ru/kypck/ 

## References
Daihatsu Consorte

The **Daihatsu Consorte** wis a sma sedan sauld bi the Japanese automaker Daihatsu frae 1969 tae 1977. It wis based on the Toyota Publica, an its name, meanin *""* in Italian, reflectit Daihatsu's newly established affiliation wi Toyota. It replaced the Compagno as Daihatsu's bigger sedan.

Initially, the Consorte wis available ae as a twa-door sedan an wi Daihatsu's awn 1.0-litre ingine. In 1971, Publica's 1.2-litre wis addit tae the range. In 1973 a fower-door sedan version jynt the lineup, anerlie tae be dropped for 1974, wi the launch o the Daihatsu Charmant. The 2-door wis supersedit in 1977 bi the Daihatsu Charade.

## References
Auto Modelle Katalog 1970/71, Vereinigte Motor Verlage Stuttgart*Technical Data for 1970/1971 Daihatsu Consorte 1100 2-door*
Ford Orion

The **Ford Orion** is a saloon caur biggit bi the automaker Ford for the European mercat frae 22 Julie 1983 till 19 September 1993. A tot o 534,239 Orions wur sauld throughoot the caur's 10-year life.

The Orion is based on the Ford Escort, but at the back, insteid o the Escort's hatchback, the Orion features a separate trunk / boot.   Visually the Orion's notch-back rear end an greater rear overhang mak it readily distinguishable frae its better sellin sibling.

## Interniational variants
The Brazilian Ford Verona wis seemilar tae the Orion (the 1993 model wis identical, except for the bootlid badge), but it uised the Ford CHT ingine pouer unit in place o the CVH an Zetec installed in the Orion.

### Ither Ford Orions
* The 2008 model o the muckle rear-wheel drive Ford Falcon FG in Australie, the FG, wis code-named 'Orion'.
* The Orion name wis uised in New Zealand for the seicont generation Ford Telstar, when sauld alangside the replacement third generation Telstar range.
Salzburgring

The **Salzburgring** is a 4.225 kilometres (2.63&nbsp;mi) permanent race track in Austrick, east o Salzburg.

## History

This race track haed been opened in 1968. Lyin in a nairae, alpine valley, it haes a rather semple layoot, wi twa lang straights plus the sweepin an fast "Fahrerlagerkurve" ("paddock turn") at the bottom, an the nairae "Nockstein-Kehre" on the tap. In spite o its semple layoot, it garnered a fearsome reputation for the hicht speeds reached on the straights an the "Fahrerlagerkurve".

It hosts mainly touring caur races lik the German ADAC Procar Series, DPM, DTC, STW, but several Grand Prix motorcycle racin (frae 1971 tae 1994 except for 1980 an 1992), Superside an the Austrian motorcycle Grand Prix events wur held thare an aw. An thare haed been Oldtimer Grand Prix as well as during the last years a "Rupert Hollaus Memorial" organized bi Ex-GP motorcycle an sidecaur rider Wolfgang Stropek.

## Grand Prix Motorcycle Racin

Some results:

* 1975 500cc Hideo Kanaya Yamaha 	
* 1978 500cc Kenny Roberts Yamaha 	
* 1983 500cc Kenny Roberts Yamaha 	

## External links
*Salzburgring
*The Oldtimer Grand Prix 
*Salzburgring in Google Maps
*Reviews on the circuit 

sco;Salzburgring
Morris Minor

The **Morris Minor** wis a Breetish economy caur that debuted at the Earls Court Motor Show, Lunnon, on 20&nbsp;September 1948. Designed unner the leadership o Alec Issigonis, over 1.3 million examples wur manufactured frae 1948-1971.  Initially available as a 2-door saloon an tourer (convertible), the range wis subsequently expandit tae include a 4-door saloon in 1950 an wood-framed estate (the Traveller), panel van ad pick-up truck variants in 1952.

The Minor wis manufactured in three series, Series I, Series II (1952) an finally the 1000 series (1956). Ane author described the Minor as typifyin “Englishness.”
Austin-Healey 100

The **Austin-Healey 100** is a sports caur biggit atween 1953 an 1956 bi the British Motor Corporation (the follaein model, named the 100-Six an biggit frae 1956 tae 1959, is a different caur even tho it shares the name "100").  It wis developed bi Donald Healey tae be produced in-hoose bi Healey's smaw caur company in Warwick an based on Austin A90 Atlantic mechanicals.  Healey biggit a single "Healey Hundred" for the 1952 Lunnon Motor Show, an the design impressed Leonard Lord, Managin Director o Austin sae much that a deal wis struck wi Healey tae big it in quantity at Austin's Longbridge factory.  The caur wis renamed the Austin-Healey 100.
Ted Bundy

**Theodore Robert "Ted" Bundy**, born **Theodore Robert Cowell** (November 24, 1946&nbsp;– Januar 24, 1989), wis an American serial killer active atween 1974 an 1978. He wint free frae coonty jyles twice afore his feenal fangin in Februar 1978. Bundy wis executit bi electric chair for his last murther bi the state o Florida in 1989.

Efter mair nor a decade o forcie na-says, he hinderly awned ower 30 murthers, awthough the actual tot o veectims remeens unkent. Estimates range frae 26 tae ower 100, the general estimate bein 35. Teepically, Bundy wad rung his veectims, then thrapple thaim tae daith. He engaged in rape an necrophilia an aa.

## References
Austin-Healey 3000

The **Austin-Healey 3000** is a Breetish sports caur built frae 1959 tae 1967, an is the best kent o the 'big' Healey models. The caur's bodywork wis made bi Jensen Motors, an the vehicles wur assembled at the BMC Abingdon works.

The 3000 wis a successful caur which won its class in mony European rallies in its heyday - an is still uised in competition bi enthusiasts today.

The 3000 wis featured in the video clip for Everybody Wants to Rule the World bi Tears for Fears.
Austin-Healey Sprite

The **Austin-Healey Sprite** is a sma open sports caur which wis announced tae the press in Monte Carlo bi the British Motor Corporation (BMC) on 20 Mey 1958, juist afore that year's Monaco Grand Prix. It wis intendit tae be a law-cost model that "a chap coud keep in his bike shed", yet be the successor tae the sportin versions o the pre-war Austin Seven. The Sprite wis designed bi the Donald Healey Motor Company, which received a royalty payment frae the manufacturers BMC. It first went on sale at a price o £669, uisin a mildly tuned version o the Austin A-Series ingine an as mony ither components frae existin caurs as possible tae keep costs doun.

The Sprite wis made at the MG sports caur factory at Abingdon, Berkshire (actually now in Oxfordshire) an it wis inevitable that the success o the design woud spawn an MG version kent as the Midget, revivin a popular pre-war model name. Enthusiasts aften now refer tae Sprites an MG Midgets collectively as 'Spridgets'.

## UK 50t anniversary celebration
On 24 Mey 2008, the official UK golden anniversary o the introduction o the Austin Healey Sprite, "Spridget 50-The Big Party" wis held at the Breetish Heritage Motor Centre at Gaydon, Warwickshire. Up tae 1000 Sprites, Midgets an derivatives wur in attendance a record number. The event wis jointly organised an promotit bi the UK's Midget an Sprite Club, Healey Drivers Club, MG Owners Club, Austin Healey Club an MG Car Club the first time an event o this size haes been supportit bi aw o the marque-representin clubs. Mair information an mony photographs at http://spridget50.org/index.php 

## References

## External links
* Austin Memories—History o Austin an Longbridge
* The Photographic Database o UK registered Mk1 Sprites - UK Registered Frogeye images plus Period Adverts an Press Articles.
* Midget& Sprite Club

## Further reading

*
*

## External links
Ferrari 195 S

The **195 S** wis a racin sports caur produced bi Ferrari in 1950.  Introduced at the Giro di Sicilia on Aprile 2, 1950, it wis seemilar tae the 166 MM an aa run at that race.  The twa caurs, ane open an ane closed coupe, shared that caur's 2250&nbsp;mm (89&nbsp;in) wheelbase but sportit an enlairged 2.3&nbsp;L (2341&nbsp;cc/142&nbsp;in³) version o the Colombo V12.  Thir twa initial caurs wur forced tae retire, but three came tae the Mille Miglia o that year, wi the event wan bi the 195 S Touring coupe o Giannino Marzotto.

## References
*
Ferrari 212 Export

The **Ferrari 212 Export** wis a racin sports caur produced bi Ferrari in 1951 tae replace the 195 S. It haed a shorter wheelbase than the road-oriented Ferrari 212 Inter model, which wis a Grand tourer.

The Colombo ingine uised in the Export haed a 8.0:1 compression ratio, up frae the 7.5:1 ratio uised in the Inter.  Customers who wantit the Export tae be a faster GT than the Inter ordered the ingine wi ane Weber 36 DCF carburetor, which wad gie a pouer ootput o 150&nbsp;bhp at 6000 rpm.  Maist Exports wur uised in competeetion an wur fittit wi a mair complicated setup wi three Weber 32 DCF carburetors, yieldin a pouer ootput o 175&nbsp;bhp at 6500 rpm.

Twinty-aicht 212 Export models wur biggit.

In 1951, 212 Exports teuk the first three places in the Tour de France automobile racin event an wan the Giro di Sicilia an the Giro di Toscana motor races.
Citroën C2

The **Citroën C2** is a supermini-cless caur produced bi the French manufacturer Citroën released in the hairst o 2003, replacin the Citroën Saxo. A different model, based on the Peugeot 206, is sauld in Cheenae as the C2. The Citroën C2 wis axed in late 2009 an wis replaced bi the Citroën DS3 in ware 2010.

Alang wi the Citroën C3, the C2 successfully replaced the popular but agein Citroën Saxo. The twa caurs hae relatively different designs allowin Citroën tae grab different sub-markets o the supermini class. The C2 wis designed bi Donato Coco.  The C3 wis oreeginally designed as a lairger "family friendly vehicle" bein 5 doors, whauras the C2 is seen as a "young driver" image wi 2 doors an flatter stylin. Unlik Saxo, which haed anerlie 2 oot o 5 stars on Euro NCAP, the C2 achieved 4 oot o 5 stars.
Simca 8

The **Simca 8** wis a Frainch caur biggit atweesh 1938 an 1951 (includin wartime), available as a sedan, coupé or cabriolet. It wis a Fiat 508C "nuova Balilla" made at Fiat's Simca plant in Nanterre Fraunce.

It didnae hae a specialized ingine or chassis. The '8' in its name didnae staund for an aicht-cylinder ingine; it haed fower cylinders. At launch the caur featurt a 1,089 cc ingine wi a claimed ootput o 32&nbsp;hp at 4,200 rpm.

Ower the coorse o twa three year it haed some grille chynges, while the ingine size an pouer ootput grew modest.

The Frainch caur mercat in the early 1950s wis concentratit, wi just three model atweesh thaim accoontin for twa thirds o domestic sales in 1950.  Ninvertheless, as the fowert best sellin caur o 1950 the Simca 8 wi unit sales o 17,705 in that year achieved a respectable 10.2% mercat share.

Bi the time it wis replaced in 1951, the Simca 8 haed acquired the Fiat 1,221 cc ingine thit wad be pit intae its successor an aw, the popular Simca 9 Aronde.

## References
* This entry taks information frae the French Wikipedia an Italian Wikipedia correspondin entries.
* This entry includes stateestical information frae the French wikipedia entry concernin the French caur market in 1950.
Sepang Internaitional Circuit

The **Sepang Internaitional Circuit (SIC)** is a racin circuit in Sepang, Selangor, Malaysie. It is the venue usied for the Formula Ane Malaysian Grand Prix, A1 Grand Prix as well as the Malaysian Motorcycle Grand Prix. It is an aa uised as a venue for mony ither major motorsport events.

## Heestory
The circuit wis designed bi German designer Hermann Tilke, who wad subsequently design the new facilities in Shanghai, Bahrain an Turkey.

## Layoot
The main circuit, normally raced in a clockwise direction, is 5.54 kilometres lang, an is notit for its sweepin corners an wide straights. The layoot is quite unusual, wi a very lang back straucht separatit frae the pit straucht bi juist ane very tight hairpin.

Ither configurations o the Sepang circuit can an aa be uised. The north circuit is an aa raced in a clockwise direction. It is basically the first hauf o the main circuit. The course turns back towards the pit straucht efter turn 6 an is 2.71 kilometres lang in tot.

The sooth circuit is the ither hauf o the racecourse. The back straucht o the main circuit becomes the pit straucht when the sooth circuit is in uise, an joins ontae turn 8 o the main circuit tae form a hairpin turn. An aa run clockwise, this circuit is 2.61&nbsp;km in lenth.

Sepang Internaitional Circuit an aa features kart racin an motocross facilities.

## Notes

## External links

* Offeecial information aboot Sepang at the Formula 1 site 
* A lap o Sepang wi Honda’s Alexander Wurz
* Trackpedia guide tae driving Sepang 
* Sepang F1 International Circuit 
* Sepang F1 International Circuit Statistics 
* Sport Facilities 
* Google Maps location
* Ciro Pabón's Racetracks 3D views an virtual laps o aw F1 circuits, includin this ane, via Google Yird
* Spectator testimonial on the Sepang International Circuit at F1Fanatic
* A1GP info of Sepang International Circuit 
* BBC's circuit guide
* TSN Track Walkthrough
* Track info from the Asian Festival of Speed web site
Michael the Brave

**Michael the Brave** (, 1558 − 9 August 1601) wis the Prince o Wallachie (1593–1601), o Transylvanie (1599–1600), an o Moldavie (1600), the three Romanian principalities bein jynt in the form o personal union for a brief time unner his rule.

During his reign, which coincidit wi the Lang War, thir three principalities formin the territory o present-day Romanie an Moldovae wur ruled for the first time bi a single Romanian leader, tho the union lastit for less nor sax month. He is regardit as ane o Romanie's greatest naitional heroes.

His rule began in the Hairst o 1593, an twa years later the war wi the Ottomans startit, a conflict in which the Prince focht the Battle o Călugăreni, considered ane o the maist important battles o his reign. Awtho the Wallachians emerged victorious frae the battle, Michael wis forced tae retreat wi his troops an wait for aid frae his allies (prince Sigismund Báthory o Transylvanie, Emperor Rudolf II o Austrick).  The war continued till a peace finally emerged in Januar 1597, but this anerlie lastit for a year an a hauf. Peace wis again reached in late 1599, when Michael wis unable tae continue the war due tae lack o support frae his allies.

In 1599 Michael wan the Battle o Şelimbăr an suin entered Alba Iulia, becomin the Prince o Transylvanie. A few months later, Michael's troops invadit Moldavie an reached its caipital, Suceava. The Moldavian leader Ieremia Movilă fled tae Poland an Michael wis declared Prince o Moldavie. Michael coud no keep the control o aw three provinces an the nobles o Transylvanie rose against him alang wi, tae a lesser extent, the boyars in Moldavie an Wallachie. Michael, allied wi the Austrian General Giorgio Basta, defeatit an uprisin bi the Hungarian nobility at Gurăslău. Immediately efter this, Basta ordered the assassination o Michael, which teuk place on 9 August 1601.
Spinefarm Records

**Spinefarm Records** is a Finland-based record label focusin mainly on hivy metal airtists. In 1999, a sub-label titled **Spikefarm Records** wis startit bi Sami Tenetz frae Thy Serpent. Syne 2002, Spinefarm haes been pairt o Universal Music Group, but operates as an independent business unit.

In Hairst 2007, Spinefarm launched in the UK, startin wi re-issuin deluxe versions o the first 5 Nightwish albums, includin the 'Ower The Hills And Far Away' EP.

## Baunds
Spinefarm Records consists o five sub-labels, Spinefarm (mainstream metal, haurd rock an progresive rock), Spikefarm (extreme metal, industrial metal an fowk metal), Ranka (Finnish muisic), Ranch (rock) an Odor (pop an onything else that is no rock or metal).
Newfoondland Erse

**Newfoundland Erse** (Erse:*Gaeilge Thalamh an Éisc*) is an extinct dialect o the Erse leid specific tae the island o Newfoundland, Canadae. It wis verra seimlar tae Munster Erse, as spoken in the sootheast o Ireland, due tae muckle immigration frae the coonties Waterford, Wexford, Kilkenny, Tipperary, an Cork.

## Erse settlement o Newfoundland

Seiven Inglis colonies wur established bi royal charter in Newfoundland atween 1610 an 1628, an Lunnon-based mercantile companies uised Celtic-speakin peasants tae settle ilka ane.  The colonists wur primarily Welsh peasants but there wur forby mony Erse paisants wha uisually spak the Erse. The leid wis fur common spoken in rural auries till the mid-20t century. There is evidence tae suggest that as mony as 90% o the Erse immigrants tae Newfoundland in the 17t an 18t centuries ae spak Irish.

Court records shaws that defenders aften required Erse-speakin interpreters, whilk indicates that the dominant leid in mony auries o the Avalon Peninsula wis Erse rather than Inglis. Ecclesiastical documents bowsters this case; for example, in the mid-1760s a Methodist missionary named Reverend Laurence Coughlan convertit virtually the hail North Shore tae Methodism. Observers creeditit the thrift o his evangelical upcocklin at Carbonear an Harbour Grace tae the fact that he wis fluent bilingual in Inglis an Erse. The Roman Catholic bishops forby realised the importance o Erse-speakin priests - in letters tae Dublin, Bishop James Louis O'Donel requeestit a Franciscan missionary for the parishes o St. Mary's an Trepassey, indicatin that it wis absolute necessar that he shoud speak Erse.

## Current status

A 2001 census report myntit that ten fowk in Newfoundland haed a Gaelic leid as their mither tongue. However, the report does no specify whilk leids is includit in this figure. Scholars at Memorial University o Newfoundland concludit that Newfoundland Erse became extinct durin the 20t century.

## See also
*Erse Newfoundlanders
*Scots Gaelic in Canadae
*Newfoundland Inglis

## References

## External links
*Newfoundland: The Most Irish Place Outside of Ireland
*Dictionary of Newfoundland English Online
*
Coat o airms o Paraguay

The **[[coat o airms|naitional coat o airms]] o [[Paraguay]]** ("Escudo de Armas") haes the follaein construction:

Roond, white background, reid border wi the inscription: "República del Paraguay", tae the left a green palm branch an tae the right a green olive branch, an baith ar tied thegither. In the middle thare is a five-pynt yellae star.

The Reverse o the Arms features a lion, in front o a staff an leeberty cap, wi the inscription "Paz Y Justicia", meanin "peace an justice". While probably maist prominent on the reverse o the naitional banner, reverse o the seal is an aa uised bi the Supreme Court o Paraguay, an is featurt alangside the obverse on banknotes o the naitional currency, the Guaraní.

The first design o the coat o airms dates tae the year 1820, frae the time o the dictatorship o Francia.
Bremen

The **Ceety Municipality o Bremen** (, ) is a Hanseatic ceety in northwastren Germany.  A commercial an industrial ceety wi a major port on the river Weser, Bremen is pairt o the Bremen-Oldenburg metropolitan aurie (2.4 million fowk). Bremen is the seicont maist populous ceety in North Germany an tent in Germany.

Bremen is some 60&nbsp;km sooth frae the Weser mooth on the North Sea. Wi Bremerhaven richt on the mooth the twa comprise the state o Bremen (offeecial name: ***Freie Hansestadt Bremen*** - *Free [[Hanseatic League|Hanseatic]] Ceety o Bremen*).

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns / Sister ceeties

Bremen is twinned wi:

Then the German Democratic Republic

## Galery

Bremen-1790-Markt vom Domturm-2008-gje.jpg
Bremen-1260-Markt-West-2008-gje.jpg
Bremen-1360-Roland-2008-gje.jpg
Bremen-1580-Rathaus-Skulpturen-Bismarck-2008-gje.jpg
Bremen-1620-Bremer Stadtmusikanten-2008-gje.jpg
Bremen-1990-Pannekoukeship vor St. Martini-2008-gje.jpg
Bremen-2430-Vegesack-Segelschulschiff Deutschland-2008-gje.jpg
Bremen-2470-Vegesack-Luxusyacht-2008-gje.jpg
Bremen-2580-Ueberseemuseum-2008-gje.jpg
Bremen-2720-Ueberseemuseum-Lager-2008-gje.jpg


## References
### Notes
Metalcore

**Metalcore** is a fusion genre combinin various elements o extreme metal an hardcore punk. The name o it is a portmanteau o the names o the twa genres. The term teuk on its current meanin in the mid-1990s, describing baunds sic as Earth Crisis, Deadguy an Integrity. The earliest o thir groups, Integrity, began performin in 1988; some modren practitioners o the genre include Killswitch Engage, Underoath, All That Remains, As I Lay Dying an The Devil Wears Prada. Metalcore is distinguished frae ither punk metal fusions bi its emphasis on breakdowns: slower, intense passages conducive tae moshin. The genre haes haed a saturation o baunds in the last five years. Sepultura haes been creditit tae "lay the foundation" for the genre.

## References
Dictionar o the Scots Leid

The ***Dictionar o the Scots Leid*** (DSL) is an onwab Scots-Inglis dictionar, ran bi Scottish Language Dictionaries Ltd, a cherity an leemitit company. The dictionar is freely appen on the wab an compreises the twa leadin dictionar o the Scots leid:
*the 12-volume Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue (DOST; **Scots**: Dictionar o the auld Scots tung)
*the 10-volume Scottish National Dictionary (SND; **Scots**: National Dictionar o Scotland)
DOST contains information aboot Aulder Scots wirds in uise frae the 12t tae the end o the 17t yearhunners (Early an Middle Scots); an SND contains information anent Scots wirds in uise frae 1700 tae the 1970s (Modren Scots). Thegither thon 22 volume gies a comprehensive history o Scots. The SND Bibliography an the DOST Register o Titles haes been digitised an aw, an can be sairched in the same wey as the main data files. A new supplement, compilit bi Scottish Language Dictionaries Ltd, wis addit in 2005.

The digitisation project, that ran frae Februar 2001 tae Januar 2004, wis based at the Varsity o Dundee, wi some ither pootch stoop frae the Scottish Executive, the Arts and Humanities Research Board, Scottish Language Dictionaries Ltd, the Russell Trust, an the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland. The project wis direckit bi Victor Skretkowicz an editit bi Susan Rennie.

## See an aw
* Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue

## Freemit Airtins
*Dictionar o the Scots Leid
*Scottish Language Dictionaries Ltd 
*(PDF file) Inventory  of the Scottish National Dictionary Association at the National Library of Scotland

## References
Idriss Déby

General **Idriss Déby Itno** (إدريس ديبي) (born 18 Juin 1952; deed 20 Aprile 2021) wis the Preses o Chad an the heid o the Patriotic Salvation Muivement frae 1990 tae his daith in 2021. Déby is o the Bidayat clan o the Zaghawa ethnic group. He addit "Itno" tae his surname in Januar 2006.

## References
Hugo Chávez

**Hugo Rafael Chávez Frias** (28 Julie 1954 - 5 Mairch 2013) wis the 47t Preses o Venezuela, haein held that poseetion frae 1999 till his deith in 2013. Follaein his ain poleetical ideologie o Bolivarianism an "Socialism for the 21st Century", he haes focused on implementin socialist reforms in the kintra as a pairt o a social project kent as the Bolivarian Revolution, that haes seen the implementation o a new constitution, pairticipatory democracy an the naitionalisation o several key industries.

## References
Blackthorn

**[[Prunus spinosa|Blackthorn]]** is a species o Prunus native tae Europe, wastren Asie, an locally in northwast Africae.

**Blackthorn** mey refer tae an aw:

* Australian Blackthorn, a sma shrub in the family Pittosporaceae
* Blackthorn, Oxfordshire, Ingland
* Blackthorn railway station, Oxfordshire, Ingland
* Blackthorn Cider, a processed commercial cider
* Blackthorn Golf Course, a gowf course in Indiana
* Lord Blackthorn, a recurrin character in the *Ultima* game series
* USCGC ''Blackthorn'' (WLB-291), a Unitit States Coast Guard ship
* the name o some hivy metal baunds, maist notably 
** Blackthorn (Mexican baund)
** Blackthorn (Roushie baund)

## See an aw

* Black Thorn
* Blackthorn City
* Blackthorn, Oxfordshire
* Blackthorne
Blackthorn (Roushie baund)

**Blackthorn** is a gothic metal baund frae Moscow, Roushie, formit on 31 October 2004 bi vocalist Aina.

## History
### Formation
Aina seriously decidit tae foond a baund an suin she met Lydia who wis a student at drama schuil. That meetin wis fatefu. Lydia grew up in an atmosphere o muisical theatre wi its amazin airt o actors, clessical muisic, auncient operatic arias an excitin performances. That is why she wis affered tae create somethin intertwinin drama wi metal soond. Her affer wis met wi great pleasur, as Aina already became the disciple o the muisical theatre's sangster an fell in loue wi drama an aw. Sae, the baund namit Blackthorn exists syne the 31st nicht o October 2004. Verbena jyned the ither memmers a cutty time efter as the bass-guitarist. She haes haed a friendly relationship wi Lydia syne their childhuid.

In winter 2006 piano-player Olga, an auld friend o Verbena, supplementit the Blackthorn Alliance as the keyboardist. Efterwards Lydia gae birth tae a bairn an left the baund. The new guitarist Elvira jyned Blackthorn in 2006, follaein the departure o Lydia.

### ''Gossamer Witchcraft'' an ''Aranaeum''
In the fowert quarter o 2009, the baund released their first twa albums, *Gossamer Witchcraft* an *Aranaeum*. They wur released on 30 November an 26 December respectively.

## Muisical style
Blackthorn descreives their soond as "theatric metal". Their muisic haes major influences wi witchcraft sorcery, auncient tradeetions an tales, an fantasy. A croun o thorns became a seembol o the muisicians. Blackthorn haes called its awn dramatic style o symphonic metal, style combines elements o daurk metal, Gothic metal, clessical muisic an oreeginal eetems directit bi weemen an the operatic theatrical sangin tae gie a sense o bein a symphony.

## Memmers
### Current
*Aina - lead vocals
*Elvira Alchemida - guitar, keyboards, backin vocals
*Greta - bass (2009-)
*Varaska - drums (2009-)
*Less (2010) - violin
### Umwhile
*Lydia - Guitar (2004-2007) 
*Olga - Keyboards (2005-2007)
*Freya - Keyboards, backing vocals (2008-2010) (Abraxas; Chaos Alter/Atra Mustum, Corona Mortiis, *Tindomerel, Greyout, Skylord (Rus), Arcane Grail)
*Verbena - Bass (2005-2009)
*Max - Drums (2007-2009) (Dominions, Silver Ghost, Makkhabr, Fermata in Mystic Air)

## Discografie
;Demo
*Prologue of Eschaton (2007)
;Studio Albums
*Gossamer Witchcraft (2009)
*Araneum (2009)

## Fremmit airtins
* Encyclopaedia Metallum
* Offeecial Baundsteid
* Blackthorn at Metaladies.com
The Heart of Everything

***The Heart of Everything*** is the fowert studio album bi the Dutch symphonic metal/rock baund Within Temptation, released bi GUN Records on 12 Mairch 2007 in Europe. It wis released in North Americae on 24 Julie 2007 bi Roadrunner Records.

## Track leetin
### Staundart edition
This is the track leetin for the staundart edition o *The Heart of Everything*.

### Additional tracks

### Yellow Special Edition DVD
The yellow special edition includes a DVD wi the follaein video tracks:
#"Our Solemn Hour" (live in Tokyo)
#"The Howling" (live in Tokyo)
#"Frozen" (live in Tokyo)
#"Stand My Ground" (live in Tokyo)
#"The Cross" (live in Tokyo)
#"The Heart of Everything" (live in Tokyo)
#"Mother Earth" (live in Tokyo)
#"Deceiver of Fools" (live in Tokyo)
#"Ice Queen" (live in Tokyo)
#"The Howling" (game trailer for *[[The Chronicles of Spellborn]]*)
#"What Have You Done" featurin Keith Caputo (video)
#"Frozen" (video)
#"The Howling" (video)
#"What Have You Done" featurin Keith Caputo (U.S. version video)

## B-sides
*"Blue Eyes"
*"Sounds of Freedom"
*"The Last Time" (Demo)

Some mair demos wir released, these are arguably b-sides as they hae extreme differences, leerically an muisically (an aften namit differently) tae the oreeginals.

*"Hand of Sorrow" (Demo)
*"Frozen" (Demo)
*"Our Solemn Hour" (Demo)

## Personnel
### Baund members
*Sharon den Adel - vocals
*Robert Westerholt - electric guitars
*Ruud Jolie - electric an acoustic guitars, mandolin, backin vocals
*Martijn Spierenburg - keybuirds, orchestral arrangements
*Jeroen van Veen - bass
*Stephen van Haestregt - drums

### Additional muisickers
*Keith Caputo - vocals on "What have You Done"
*Jonas Pap - cello on "The Cross", "All I Need" an "Forgiven"
*Tom Salisbury - piano on "Frozen", "All I Need" an "Forgiven", choir an orchestral arrangements
*Siard de Jong - fiddle on "Hand of Sorrow" an "Forgiven"
*The Ceety o Prague Philharmonic Orchestra conductit bi Richard Hein

### Production
*Daniel Gibson - producer
*Stefan Helleblad - co-producer, ingineer
*Niels Hahn - engineer, additional editin 
*Stefan Glaumann, Patrick Mühren - mixin
*Franck van der Heuden, Geert Keysers - orchestral arrangements

## References
Dakrya

**Dakrya** is a theatrical metal baund frae Athens, Greece that wis formed in late 2004 bi Sophia Charalampous.

## Biography
Dakyra formed in late 2004 bi Sophia Charalampous. The idea wis tae create a baund that coud develop a theatrical attitude an combine different muisical elements wi the dynamics o metal an rock soond. Efter a few line-up changes the first demo release came in mid 2005 entitled "Without Destination". The reviews wur good an the baund startit tae play live an write new material for a full-length album.

In 2007 Dakrya enters the studios in order tae record their debut album entitled Monumento that wis released on Mey 23rd 2008 bi twa record labels, Anither Sphere Records (Fraunce) an 279 Productions (Greece). Muny live shows followed maistly in Greece an Dakrya supportit famous bands such as Moonspell.

In 2009 the baund came up wi a new concept album an entered the studios ance again for the recordings. On Mairch 2010 the baund traveled tae Swaden tae produce an mix the new album wi Pelle Saether (Diablo Swing Orchestra, Madder Mortem, A.C.T). On Mey 23rd 2010 the baund released a CD-Single wi the sang "The Urban Tribe" taken frae the fowertcomin 2nt album entitled "Crime Scene". Bi simmer 2010 the baund haes decidit it's time tae find strang partners for bringin the muisic an theater o DAKRYA oot tae the warldwide audience, an thus they team up wi Intromental Management & Booking Warldwide an Sensory Records for the promotion an release o "Crime Scene".

## Members
### Current members
*Thomais Chatzigianni - Vocals
*Christina Kalantzi - Vocals
*George Droulias - Guitars, Backing Vocals
*Stavros Vorissis - Drums
*Sophia Charalampous - Keyboards
*Alexander Drake - Bass
*Angelos Charogiannis - Guitars

### Past members
*Charis Kampitsis - Drums *(2005 - 2007)*

## Discography
### Albums
**[[Monumento (album)|Monumento]]* (May 2008)
**[[Crime Scene (album)|Crime Scene]]* (October 2010)

### Singles
**[[The Urban Tribe]]* (2010, CD-Single)

### Compilations
**Demonic and Divine* (June 1st 2009, Femme Metal Records)

## External links
*Dakrya Official WebSite 
*Dakrya Official MySpace Profile
White Skull

**White Skull** is an Italian pouer metal band formed in the late-1980s.

## Heestory
Thay became kent in Americae wi thair 1999 release *Tales from the North*.

## Discography
* 1995 &ndash; *I Won't Burn Alone* - (Federica "Sister" De Boni)
* 1997 &ndash; *Embittered* - (Federica "Sister" De Boni)
* 1999 &ndash; *Tales from the North* - (Federica "Sister" De Boni)
* 1999 &ndash; *Asgard (EP)*- (Federica "Sister" De Boni)
* 2000 &ndash; *Public Glory, Secret Agony* - (Federica "Sister" De Boni)
* 2002 &ndash; *The Dark Age* - (Gustavo "Gus" Gabarrò)
* 2003 &ndash; *La Era Oscura* - (Gustavo "Gus" Gabarrò)
* 2004 &ndash; *The XIII Skull* - (Gustavo "Gus" Gabarrò)
* 2006 &ndash; *The Ring o the Ancients* - (Gustavo "Gus" Gabarrò)
* 2009 &ndash; *Forever Fight* - (Elisa "Over" De Palma)

## Members
;Current
*Tony Fontò - Guitar (1984 - present)
*Elisa "Over" De Palma - Vocals (2007 - present)
*Danilo Bar - Guitar (2003 - present)
*Alex Mantiero - Drums (1984 - present)
*Gio Raddi - Bass (2007 - present)

;Umwhile
*Federica "sister" de Boni - Vocals (1984 - 2001)
*Gus Gabarrò - Vocals (2001 - 2007)
*Fabio Pozzato - Bass (1984 - 2003)
*Fabio Manfroi  - bass (2003 - 2004)
*B B Nick Savio - Guitar (1997 - 2002)
*Steve Balocco - Bass (2004 - 2007)
*Alessio Lucatti - Keyboard (2007 - 2010)

## References

## External links

*White Skull official website
Peugeot Flux

The **Peugeot Flux** is a concept caur frae Peugeot that wan the 2007 Peugeot Internaitional Design Competition. It is intendit tae be a sports caur, but is flexible enough tae be uised for licht off-roadin. It wis designed bi Mihai Panaitescu, a 20 year auld Romanian. The Flux wis first unveiled at the 2007 Frankfurt Motor Show. The vehicle is pouered bi hydrogen an is biggit o plastic body panels, polyurethane seats, an an aluminum chassis. It is an aa featurt as downloadable content for Project Gotham Racing 4 In Project Gotham Racing 4, ye will notice that in the right haund side o the caur's dashboard, thare is an Xbox 360 console.

## References
Hildegard von Bingen

**Blessed Hildegard o Bingen** (German:*Hildegard von Bingen*; Latin:*Hildegardis Bingensis*) (1098 – 17 September 1179), also kentn as **Saunt Hildegard**, an **Sibyl o the Rhine**, wis a Christian mystic, German Benedictine abbess, visionary, an polymath.  Electit a *[[:wiktionary:magistra|magistra]]* by her fellow nuns in 1136, she foondit the monasteries o Rupertsberg in 1150 an Eibingen in 1165.  Ane o her works as a composer, the *[[Ordo Virtutum]]*, is an early example o liturgical drama.

## References
Joan o Arc

**Saunt Joan o Arc** or **The Maid o Orléans** (, ; ca. 1412&nbsp;– 30 Mey 1431) is conseidert a naitional heroine o Fraunce an a Catholic saunt. A paisant  lassie born in easten Fraunce wha claimed heivenlie ettlance, she led the French airmy tae siveral heid owerhauns in the Hunder Years' War whilk paved the wey for Charles VII's croonin. She wis fangt bi the Burgundians, sauld tae the Inglis, tried bi an ecclesiastical coort, an burnt on a stab whan she wis nineteen year auld. .
Twintie-five year efter the justifeecation, Pape Callixtus III exemt the assize, pronouncit her saikless an deponet her a mairtyr. She wis beeteefit in 1909 an canonised in 1920. She is, alang wi St. Denis, St. Martin o Tours, St. Louis IX, an St. Theresa of Lisieux, ane o the patron saunts of Fraunce.

## References
Amy Johnson

**Amy Johnson** CBE, (1 Julie 1903 – 5 Januar 1941)  wis a pioneerin Inglish aviatrix.  Flyin solo or wi her husband, Jim Mollison, Johnson set numerous lang-distance records durin the 1930s. Johnson flew in the Seicont Warld War as a pairt o the Air Transport Auxiliary whaur she dee'd durin a ferry flight.
William Joyce

**William Joyce** (Aprile 24, 1906&nbsp;– Januar 3, 1946), nicknamed Lord Haw-Haw, wis an American-born fascist politeecian an Nazi propaganda broadcaster tae the Unitit Kinrick durin the Seicont Warld War. He wis hung for treason bi the Breetish as a result o his wartime activities.
Cat Stevens

**Yusuf Islam** (born **Steven Demetre Georgiou**; 21 Julie 1948 in Lunnon, Ingland), oreeginally an commonly kent bi his umwhile stage name **Cat Stevens**, is a Breetish muisicker. He is a sangster-sangwriter, multi-instrumentalist, educator, philanthropist, an prominent convert tae Islam.

His early 1970s record albums *[[Tea for the Tillerman]]* an *[[Teaser and the Firecat]]* wur baith certified as Triple Platinum bi the RIAA in the Unitit States; his 1972 album *[[Catch Bull at Four]]* sauld hauf a million copies in the first twa weeks o release alane an wis *[[Billboard magazine|Billboard]]*'s nummer-ane LP for three consecutive weeks. He haes an aa earned twa ASCAP sangwritin awairds in consecutive years for "The First Cut Is the Deepest", which haes been a hit single for five different airtists.

Stevens convertit tae Islam at the heicht o his fame, on 23 Dizember 1977, an adoptit his Muslim name, Yusuf Islam, the follaein year. In 1979, he auctioned aw his guitars away for charity an left his miusic career tae devote hissel tae educational an philanthropic causes in the Muslim commonty. He haes been gien several awairds for his work in promotin peace in the warld, includin 2003's Warld Award, the 2004 Man for Peace Award, an the 2007 Mediterranean Prize for Peace. In 2006, he returned tae pop muisic wi his first album o new pop sangs in 28 years, entitled *[[An Other Cup]]*. He nou goes profeesionally bi the single name **Yusuf**. His newest album, *[[Roadsinger]]*, wis released on 5 Mey 2009.

## Discografie

:*(includes Yusuf discografie)*

## Notes an references
Volvo 66

The **Volvo 66** wis a Swadish automobile.  It sprang directly frae the DAF 66, which wis oreeginally styled bi Michelotti. The compact caur wis introduced in August 1975, amaist exactly a year efter Volvo Cars bought DAF, an afore production o the Volvo 300 series began.

The Volvo 66 wis kent for its continuously variable transmission, the Variomatic. The Volvo version o the caur wis slichtly restyled an gien lairger bumpers compared wi those o the oreeginal DAF model.  Awtho this wis in keepin wi Volvo's emphasis on safety, it an aa increast its cost o production.

The ither major features in which the Volvo 66 differed frae the DAF 66 ar:
* New seats featurin headrests
* A safety steerin wheel
* Doors wi steel side impact bars
* A declutching servo which enabled the driver tae chynge gear wi the choke engaged (In the aulder DAF models this wisna possible, acause the increased idle caused the centrifugal clutch tae engage).
* A 'pairk' mode in the CVT, which locked the driveline.

## Ingines
* B110E Renault C-series OHV 1108 &nbsp;cc straight-4 47 PS (34.6&nbsp;kW; 46.4&nbsp;hp)
* B130  Renault C-series OHV 1289 &nbsp;cc straight-4 57 PS (41.9&nbsp;kW; 56.2&nbsp;hp)

## Sources an further readin
Interrogation scene

A **interrogation scene** is a shape o BDSM roleplay in whilk the participants act oot the pairts o torturer an veectim. As in real life tortur chambers throuoot the warld, the "torturer" uises threats, humiliation an pheesical pain tae extract whaever wittins he/she believes the "veectim" possesses.  The gemme is ower ance the victim haes brakken an divulged the secret.  The lenth an severity o the scene will vary accordin tae the temperament o the players. Dedicatit players attempt tae replicate the atmosphere o a real tortur session an, as in real life, the "victim" can expect tae be strippit nakit, tee'd up, mockit an abuisit.

Popular methods o play in interrogation scenes include tickle tortur, whaur the victim will be tee'd up an tickled continuously athoot relief (parteecularly in auries that are quite sensitive; sic as the belly, unnerarms, feet, taes, nipples, labia, an clitoris) till the victim submits an reveals the information.

Ane shape o tortur is orgasm control or erotic sexual denial, whaur the submissive victim is sexually stimulatit tae the brink o orgasm bi the torturer.  The torturer mey then reduce the stimulation an keep the victim in a state o extendit arousal for a lang period o time. Bi varyin the pace o the stimulation, the victim mey be forcit tae unnergo cycles o "up" an "doun" arousal bi the torturer. When satisfee'd wi the experience, the victim mey divulge the secret in order tae be brocht tae the desired orgasm bi the torturer.  The interrogation mey be continued past the orgasm, pairticularly if the victim orgasms athoot divulgin the secret. Generally, the clitoris becomes vera sensitive efter orgasm, an continued stimulation mey manifest mair as a extreme ticklin sensation. This can acome quite uncomfortable for the female victim, or aiblins even painful, providin her wi a incentive tae comply wi her torturer's demands.

In at least ane legal case, interrogation fantasies hae been raised as a defence tae a ceevil lawsuit.

## References
Wellington Koo

**Koo Vi Kyuin** or **Ku Wei-chün** () (29 Januar 1887 – 14 November 1985), aften kent bi the Wastren name **V.K. Wellington Koo**, wis a prominent diplomat unner the Republic o Cheenae, representative tae the Paris Peace Conference o 1919, Ambassador tae Fraunce, Great Breetain, an the Unitit States; participant in foondin the League o Naitions an the Unitit Naitions; an judge on the Internaitional Court o Justice at the Hague frae 1957 tae 1967. Atween October 1926 an Juin 1927, while servin as Meenister o Foreign Affairs, Koo briefly held the concurrent poseetions o actin Premier an interim Preses o the Republic o Cheenae. Koo is the first an ae Cheenese heid o state kent tae uise a Wastren name publicly.
Peugeot 4007

The **Peugeot 4007** is a compact crossover SUV producit bi the French automobile manufacturer Peugeot atween 2007 an 2012.

The equivalent Citroën badge-engineered version is the C-Crosser, baith o which will be produced bi Mitsubishi in its Nedcar plant, in Netherlands on the basis o the new Outlander. Baith the 4007 an C-Crosser ar the first Japanese/Netherlands produced caurs sauld unner ony French brand. Thay hae a sales targets o 30,000 units per year.

## Ingines
*2.2 L (2179 cc) DW12 HDi turbodiesel straucht-4 ingine, 115&nbsp;kW (156 PS), 380 Nm; wi a particulate filter an a 6-speed gearbox, an able tae run on 30% biodiesel[2] *2.4 L 4B12 Petrol DOHC 16-valve MIVEC I4, 170 PS (same ingine as the Outlander)

## External links
* Official international 4007 English website
Morris Marshal

The **Morris Marshal** is a muckle sax cylinder vehicle produced bi the British Motor Corporation (Australia) atween 1957 til 1960. The car wis a Morris branded version o the Austin Westminster that wis mercatit bi BMC Australie's Austin dealers as the Austin A95 Westminster. It wis offered as a 4 door sedan an as a 5 door 
station wagon.

## References

## Forder readin
* Dennis Harrison, Morris Marshal 1957-1960, Restored Cars, No 91, March - April 1992, page 20
Morris Major

The **Morris Major** an **Austin Lancer** ar passenger caur models produced bi the British Motor Corporation o Australie (BMC) atween 1958 an 1964. The Morris Major name haed been uised afore bi Morris Motors in Ingland, first appearin atween 1931 an 1933.

## Backgrund
The Major an Lancer evolved tho three series **(I, II an Elite,)** wi the first incarnations bein badge engineered clones o the contemporary Wolseley 1500 an Riley One-Point-Five models then on sale in the Unitit Kinrick.  The Austin Lancer wis phased-oot o production bi Aprile 1962.  Thir models wur wholly produced at BMC's Zetland plant in Sydney, Australie an wur unique tae that kintra, haein aroond 98% local content.  Mony examples wur an aa exportit tae New Zealand.

The Morris Major/Austin Lancer/Wolseley 1500/Riley One-Point-Five aw shared the same core design which haed oreeginally been developed as a possible replacement for the ever-popular Morris Minor bi BMC's in-hoose design team at Longbridge, England. That plan wis abandoned due tae the Minor's unwaverin appeal wi the buyin public an a Wolseley version wis instead unveiled in 1957, followed bi the Riley.  Thay wur licht, close-coupled saloons incorporatin the front torsion bar/rear leaf spring suspension, floorpan an superb rack an pinion steerin frae the Morris Minor. Thir automotive "quadruplets" wur pouered bi the famous B series pouer unit (I4,) o 1489&nbsp;cc. Frae 1962 the 1622 cc version o this ingine, developed in Australie, pouered the **Major Elite**. Aw wur equipped wi lairge, hivy duty drum brakes - bi Lockheed for the Wolseley, Morris an Austin an Girling for the Riley.  This formula resultit in a popular smaa-tae-medium faimily caur wi lively performance, robust big an road manners that wur quite abuin average for the time.  The Major an Lancer, as distinct frae the sportier an mair luxurious Wolseley/Riley caurs, shared a seemilar level o appointment, finish an ingine tune wi contemporary Morris an Austin models. Awtho comparatively modest, the Major/Lancer haed a generally hie level o comfort an quality: it wis a modren caur offerin soond value. The sportin potential o the Major/Lancer wis recognised almaist immediately an specialist-modified caurs wur raced successfully at a professional level intae the early 1960s.
Triumph TR6

The **Triumph TR6** (1969&ndash;76) wis a Breetish sax-cylinder sports caur an the best-seller o the TR range built bi Triumph when production endit in Julie 1976. This record wis then surpassed bi the TR7. 94,619 TR6s wur built, o which 86,249 foond homes overseas, anerlie 8,370 being sold in the UK.

The bodywork closely resembled that o the previous model, the Triumph TR5, but the front an back ends wur squared off, reportedly based on a consultancy contract involvin Karmann.

Aw TR6 sports caurs featured inline sax-cylinder ingines. For the US market the ingine wis carburetted, as haed been the US-ae TR250 model's ingine. For ither warld markets, includin the Unitit Kinrick, the TR6 wis fuel-injectit, therefore TR6PI (petrol injection), as haed been the non-US market TR5. The Lucas mechanical fuel injection system helped the home-market TR6 produce 150&nbsp;bhp (112&nbsp;kW) at model introduction. Later the non-US TR6 variant wis detuned tae 125&nbsp;bhp (93&nbsp;kW) in order for it tae be easier tae drive, while the US-variant continued tae be carburetted wi a mere (but mair reliable) 104&nbsp;hp (78&nbsp;kW).

## Notes
Westfield XTR2

The **Westfield XTR2** is an ultralichtweight, twa-seater sports caur manufactured bi Westfield Sportscars Limited, o Wast Midlands, UK. It features a lichtweight steel tubular spaceframe chassis, an the 170&nbsp;hp, 1299 cc Suzuki Hayabusa 4 cylinder ingine, matit tae a 6-speed sequential gearbox. Performance upgrades ar available. Houever, it lacks a windshield, side doors, ruif, an is virtually devoid o interior luxury. As a result o this simplicity, the caur anerlie wechts atween 410-440 kilograms, dependin on configuration. Bi achievin an extremely hie pouer tae wecht ratio, it haes been intendit primarily as a caur tae be uised on the race track. Houever, it is still legal for road uise ( at least in the UK). The Westfield XTR2 is a member o the Bike Engined Car or BEC cless o vehicle that ar becomin very popular at Track Days.

The XTR2 made a notable appearance on the revamped version o BBC's Top Gear, whaur it outperformed a Pagani Zonda in a timed lap o a test track. The Zonda wis the current track time champion. Awtho the record haes syne been surpassed bi several expensive sports caurs, it wis a foreshadowin o a future record lap time bi the Ariel Atom, anither minimalist sports caur tae which the XTR2 haes aften been compared.

The XTR2, still sauld bi Westfield, haes been supplementit bi the Westfield XTR4, which affers a mair pouerful ingine, an numerous aesthetic an structural refinements.

## External links
* Westfield Sportscars Ltd. 
* XTR2 website - USA 
* XTR2.net and Forums
Triumph Herald

The **Triumph Herald** wis a smaa twa-door car first pit out in 1959 bi the Standard-Triumph Company o Coventry. Body design wis bi the Italian stylist Michelotti an the car wis offert in saloon, convertible, coupé, van an estate variants.

Mair nor 300,000 Heralds war selt. The Triumph Vitesse, Triumph Spitfire an Triumph GT6 war aa biggit on modified Herald intimmers an runnin gear wi bolt-thegither bodies.
Triumph TR8

The **Triumph TR8** is an aicht-cylinder version o the "wedge-shaped" Triumph TR7 sports caur, designed bi Harris Mann, an manufactured bi British Leyland (BL), through its Jaguar/Rover/Triumph (JRT) division. Because o its ootstandin performance, the TR8 wis aften dubbed the "Inglish Corvette". The majority o TR8s wur selt in the Unitit States an Canadae.

## Backgrund
A more pouerful V8-ingined version o the TR7 wis planned in the early stages o the TR7's development, a prototype being produced in 1972. However, British Leyland's financial state an labour problems delayed the project. Bi 1978 some 145 prototype caurs wur built wi V8 ingines (an usually automatic transmissions). These "anonymous" TR8s (nae identifying badges, an aw coupes) wur evaluatit for British Leyland bi various dealers an then selt off as uised caurs.