UBUREZI BWO MURI AUSTRALIA

**Uburezi muri Ositaraliya** bukubiyemo imirenge y'uburezi bwabana bato (precc amashuri) n'uburezi bwibanze (amashuri abanza), hagakurikiraho amashuri yisumbuye (ayisumbuye), amashuri makuru ( kaminuza n'amashirahamwe yiyandikisha (RTOs). Kugenga no gutera inkunga uburezi n'inshingano za Leta n'intara, nyamara leta ya Ositaraliya nayo igira uruhare runini. Uburezi muri Ositaraliya ni itegeko hagati y'imyaka ine, itanu, cyangwa itandatu  na cumi na gatanu, cumi na gatandatu cyangwa cumi na karindwi, bitewe na leta cyangwa intara n'itariki y'amavukoKu mashuri abanza n'ayisumbuye, amashuri ya reta yigisha abagera kuri 60 kw'ijana vy'abanyeshuri ba Ositaraliya, hafi 40 kw'ijana mu mashure adaharanira inyungu. Ku rwego rwa kaminuza, kaminuza nyinshi zo muri Ositaraliya ni rusange, kandi amafaranga y’abanyeshuri atangwa binyuze muri gahunda yinguzanyo yabanyeshuri aho kwishyura bitangwa mugihe ababerewemo imyenda bageze kurwego runaka. Bishimangiwe na Ositaraliya yujuje ibyangombwa, yashyizwe mu bikorwa mu 1995, Ositaraliya yashyizeho gahunda y’igihugu y’impamyabumenyi, ikubiyemo amashuri makuru, imyuga n’amahugurwa (VET), n’uburezi bushingiye ku ishuri. Ku mashure abanza n'ayisumbuye, integanyanyigisho za Australiya zagiye zitegurwa kandi zishirwa mu ngiro kuva mu 2010. Australiya ni igihugu gitanga uburezi ku isi ku banyeshuri mpuzamahanga, kandi mu 2012 cyashyizwe ku mwanya wa gatatu mu gutanga uburezi mpuzamahanga nyuma y’Amerika n'Ubwongereza.  Ositaraliya ifite umubare munini w’abanyeshuri b’abanyamahanga ku muturage w’abatuye isi ku bwinshi, aho abanyamahanga 812.000 biyandikishije muri za kaminuza n’ibigo by’imyuga mu mwaka wa 2019.

## Amabwiriza y'inkunga muri Ositaraliya
Amabwiriza, imikorere, n’inkunga y’uburezi ni inshingano za Leta n’intara kubera ko guverinoma ya Ositaraliya idafite ububasha bw’itegeko nshinga bwo gushyiraho amategeko yerekeye uburezi.  Nyamara, guverinoma ihuriweho na leta ifasha gutera inkunga amashuri ategamiye kuri leta,  ifasha gutera inkunga kaminuza za leta no gutera inkunga amashuri makuru binyuze muri gahunda y’inguzanyo y’abanyeshuri, kandi ikagenga abatanga imyugaInyigisho nyuma y’urwego igengwa n’ibikorwa bya Ositaraliya yujuje ibyangombwa, sisitemu ihuriweho n’ubumenyi bw’igihugu mu mashuri, amashuri y’imyuga n’amahugurwa, hamwe n’amashuri makuru.Ironderero ry’uburezi, ryashyizwe ahagaragara n’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku iterambere ry’abantu muri 2018, rishingiye ku mibare yo mu 2017, ryashyize Ositaraliya ku mwanya wa 0.929, ku mwanya wa kabiri ku isi.

## Amashuri Abanza nayi cuke
Gahunda yamashuri ABANZA  na progaramu mbere yincuke muri  Ositaraliya ntisanzwe kandi ntabwo ari itegeko.  Icya mbere kigaragaza abana benshi bo muri Ositaraliya bagomba kwigira hamwe nabandi hanze yuburere gakondo ni ukurera abana cyangwa itsinda ryababyeyi . nkibi ntibisanzwe bifatwa nkishuri, kuko uburezi bwintangarugero butandukanye nishuri ryibanze muri leta zose nintara, usibye Ositaraliya yuburengerazuba aho amashuri abanza yigishirizwa mubice bigize amashuri abanza  na Victoria aho urwego rwa leta, Imikorere ya Victorian Yambere Yiga no Gutezimbere (VEYLDF) ikubiyemo abana kuva bakivuka kugeza kumyaka 8, ikoreshwa namashuri amwe murwego rwigihugu.  Muri Queensland, porogaramu zitangira amashuri bakunze kwita Kindergarten cyangwa Pre-Prep kandi mubisanzwe bikorerwa wenyine ariko bikurura inkunga ya leta iyo ikoresheje byibuze amasaha 600 kumwaka kandi bigatangwa numwarimu wiyandikishije. 

Ubusanzwe amashuri abanza ayobowe na leta nintara, usibye muri Victoria, Ositaraliya yepfo na New South Wales aho usanga akenshi bayoborwa ninama zaho, amatsinda yabaturage cyangwa imiryango yigenga.  Amashuri abanza atangwa kubana bafite imyaka itatu kugeza kuri itanu; umubare w'abitabira uratandukanye cyane muri leta, ariko 85.7% by'abana bitabiriye amashuri abanziriza ishuri.  Umwaka mbere yuko umwana agomba kwiga amashuri abanza niwo mwaka nyamukuru w'amashuri abanza. Uyu mwaka uritabiriwe cyane kandi urashobora gufata amasaha make yibikorwa muminsi y'icyumweru.

## Amashuri abanza n'ayisumbuye

Amashuri 10.584 yiyandikishije yakoreraga muri Ositaraliya muri 2019, muri yo 7.092 ni amashuri ya leta .  Kugeza muri 2019, amashuri ya leta yigishije 65.4% byabanyeshuri bose.  Muri 2017, hari abarimu bari munsi ya 282.000 mumashuri abanza nayisumbuye ya Ositaraliya.  Mu mashuri atagengwa na Leta, hafi bibiri bya gatatu byari amashuri gatolika .  Igice kinini cyibiciro byishuri rya leta byujujwe na leta cyangwa intara bireba.  Guverinoma ya Ositaraliya itanga igice kinini c'inkunga ya leta mumashirahamwe adaharanira inyungu, yunganirwa na reta hamwe nintaraAmashuri ategamiye kuri leta, yaba ay'amadini cyangwa ay'isi asanzwe yishyura amafaranga y'ishuri ku gahato n'andi mafaranga. Amashuri ya leta atanga uburezi nta mafaranga y'ishuri ateganijwe, nubwo amashuri menshi ya leta asaba kwishyura amafaranga 'kubushake' kugirango yishyure amafaranga runakaHatitawe ku kuba ishuri ari leta cyangwa itegamiye kuri Leta, rigengwa n’urwego rumwe rw'amasomo. Urwego ruyobowe na Ositaraliya ishinzwe integanyanyigisho, Isuzuma na Raporo. Amashuri menshi asaba abanyeshuri kwambara imyenda yabigenewe.  Umwaka w'ishure muri Ositaraliya utangura muri Mutarama ukarangira mu Kuboza.

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