Umupira

**<u>AMATEKA Y'UMUPIRA MU RWANDA NO KU ISI</u>**

Amateka y'umupira w'amaguru (soccer cyangwa football mu ndimi z'amahanga) aratangaje kandi afite ibice byinshi by'ingenzi mu mateka y'uyu mukino. Uyu mukino wakurikiye undi mukino witwa "cuju" wakinwaga mu Bushinwa, ndetse hari ibindi bimenyetso byerekana ko wari warakiniwe no mu bindi bihugu. Dore amwe mu mateka akomeye:

# **Imizi y’umupira w’amaguru**:
#* **Cuju**: Uyu ni umukino wa kera cyane watangiye gukinwa mu Bushinwa mu kinyejana cya 3 mbere y'ivuka rya Yesu. Wakiniwe abantu b’amajyaruguru ya Chine.
#* **Futebol** mu Bwongereza: Mu myaka ya 1860, mu Bwongereza habayeho ibikorwa byinshi byo guhindura amategeko y’imikino yasanzwe akorerwa ku bibuga by’ubukino bw’abana. Mu 1863, ishuri ry’abakino ryashyizeho amategeko ya mbere y'umupira w'amaguru, aha niho amategeko ya "football" ya mbere yagiyeho.
# **Gushyiraho amategeko**:
#* Mu mwaka wa 1863, ishuri ry'ubukino mu Bwongereza ryashinzwe mu buryo bwa "Football Association" (FA), igashyiraho amategeko y'umupira w'amaguru, yagiyeho nk'uko tubizi ubu.
# **Kwiyongera kw’umupira w’amaguru ku isi**:
#* Mu 1904, ishyirahamwe rya FIFA (Federation Internationale de Football Association) ryashinzwe, rikaba ari ryo ryagize uruhare mu gutegura imikino y’isi yose no gushyiraho amategeko agenga imikino.
# **Igikombe cy’Isi**:
#* Igikombe cy’Isi cya mbere cyabaye mu 1930 muri Uruguay, gikurikirwa n’ibindi bikombe by’Isi birimo n’igikombe cy’Isi cya 2018 cyabereye mu Burusiya, aho u Bufaransa bwatsindiye.
# **Imikino n’amakipe**:
#* Amakipe y’ibyamamare nka Barcelona, Real Madrid, Manchester United, Bayern Munich, n’ibindi byagiye bitera imbere ku isi muri shampiyona zitandukanye, bityo umupira w’amaguru ukaba umukino ukundwa n’abantu benshi ku isi hose.

Uyu mukino umaze gukundwa mu bihugu bitandukanye, kugeza aho umuntu wese ashobora gukurikirana imikino kuri televiziyo, ndetse ibikombe by'isi na shampiyona bituma abantu bibanda ku mupira w’amaguru mu buryo bwagutse.

**<u>UMUPIRA WA MAGURU MU RWANDA</u>**

Amateka y'umupira w'amaguru (football) mu Rwanda ni urugendo rw'ubuzima bwo gukura no guhinduka, kuva ku mukino w'abana n'ibikorwa by'abaturage kugeza ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Dore amwe mu mateka y'umupira w'amaguru mu Rwanda:

# **Ibimenyetso bya mbere**:
#* Mu myaka ya 1920, umupira w'amaguru watangiye gukinwa mu Rwanda mu buryo bw'uburyo bwihariye, ubwo abamisiyonari n'abanyamahanga bagiraga uruhare mu gukwirakwiza uyu mukino mu gihugu.
#* Abanyarwanda benshi batangiye gukina umupira w'amaguru mu mijyi no mu bice by'icyaro, ariko igihe cyose byari ibintu bikunze gukorwa n'abo mu bihugu by’amahanga baje mu Rwanda.
# **Gushyiraho amategeko n'ishyirahamwe ry’umupira w’amaguru**:
#* Mu 1960, ishyirahamwe ry'umupira w'amaguru mu Rwanda (FERWAFA) ryashinzwe, rikaba ryari rigamije guteza imbere umukino w'umupira w'amaguru mu gihugu no gushyiraho amategeko agenga uyu mukino. Ibi byaje gutuma abakinyi n'amakipe batangira kugira imyitozo ikomeye.
# **Amakipe y'ibanze**:
#* Mu myaka ya 1970, amakipe akomeye nka *APR FC*, *Rays* (yaje kuba Rayon Sports), na *Kiyovu Sports* yatangiye kuboneka no gutangira gukina mu mikino ya shampiyona mu gihugu.
# **Ihinduka mu gihe cy’intambara**:
#* Nyuma y’intambara yo muri 1994, igihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, umupira w’amaguru wari mu bikorwa byari bikeneye gukomeza, ndetse wakoreshejwe nk’igikoresho cyo kunga no kuvura ibikomere by’intambara.
#* Mu gihe iki gihugu cyari mu nzira yo kongera kwiyubaka, impano z'abakinnyi batandukanye zagiye zihurira mu ikipe y’igihugu y'umupira w'amaguru, aho bamwe bahuriye muri za shampiyona.
# **Ishoramari mu mupira w'amaguru**:
#* Mu myaka ya 2000, hagiye hagaragara ishoramari mu ikipe y’igihugu no mu makipe y’ibigo nka *APR*, *Rayon Sports*, na *Kiyovu Sports*, ibyo byatumye umukino w’umupira w’amaguru ugenda ushyirwa ku rwego rwo hejuru mu Rwanda.
# **Gutsinda igikombe cy’Afurika**:
#* Mu myaka y’ 2000, ikipe y'igihugu y'u Rwanda, Amavubi, yagiye ikina neza mu mikino ya CECAFA (Cup of Eastern and Central Africa), ndetse ikagera mu mikino ya CAN (Africa Cup of Nations) mu 2004, ikaba ari ikimenyetso cy'ubukomezi bw'uyu mukino mu gihugu.
# **Igishoro mu ruhando mpuzamahanga**:
#* Amakipe nka *Rayon Sports* na *APR FC* yazamutse cyane mu gukina ku rwego rw'akarere ndetse ku rwego rw'Isi.
#* Mu mwaka wa 2017, ikipe y'u Rwanda, Amavubi, yabashije kugera muri kimwe mu byiciro by'imikino ya CHAN (African Nations Championship), aho igikundiro cy’umupira w'amaguru cyakomeje gukura mu gihugu.
# **Ireme ry'uburezi no gushyigikira impano**:
#* Mu myaka yashize, hakomeje gushyirwaho gahunda zo guteza imbere impano z'abana mu mupira w'amaguru, aho imishinga nka "Football for Hope" (Umupira w'Amaguru ku nyungu) ikomeje gufasha abana n'urubyiruko kugira amahirwe mu myitozo no mu masomo.

Uyu munsi, umupira w'amaguru mu Rwanda umaze gukomera, ugaragaza impano, n'ubushake bwo gukomeza ku rwego mpuzamahanga, ndetse amakipe akomeye yo mu gihugu yitabira imikino yo ku rwego rw’akarere n’isi yose.

**<u>Akamaro ku mupira wa maguru muRwanda</u>**

Umupira w’amaguru ufite akamaro kanini ku gihugu cy’u Rwanda mu nzego zitandukanye. Ku rwego rw’igihugu, umupira w’amaguru si gusa umukino, ahubwo ni igikoresho cy’imiyoborere, ubumwe, iterambere ry’ubukungu, ndetse n’ishoramari mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Dore bimwe mu byiza by’umupira w’amaguru ku Rwanda:

# **Kongera ubumwe n’ubwiyunge**:
#* Umupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda wagiye ushyigikira gahunda z’ubwiyunge, cyane cyane nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Ikipe y'igihugu (Amavubi) n'amakipe akomeye nka Rayon Sports, APR FC, n'andi yagiye afasha mu guhuriza hamwe abantu batandukanye, bagakora ibikorwa byo kubana neza, gukora neza nk'itsinda, no guhashya amacakubiri.
#* Imikino ya shampiyona cyangwa amahugurwa akorwa mu rwego rw'umupira w'amaguru bituma abaturage b'ingeri zose bahurira hamwe, bagakora ibikorwa by’ubumwe.
# **Iterambere ry’ubukungu**:
#* Umupira w’amaguru ufite uruhare mu kongera ishoramari mu gihugu. Amakipe akomeye, nko muri shampiyona y’igihugu, usanga yinjiza amafaranga menshi binyuze mu kugurisha amatike, kugurisha ibicuruzwa by’ibimenyetso (merchandising), ndetse no gukorana n’abaterankunga.
#* Iyi mikino ifasha mu guteza imbere ibikorwaremezo, nko kubaka ibibuga by’imyidagaduro n’amahoteli, bityo ikazamura ubukerarugendo n’ubucuruzi muri rusange.
# **Ubuzima n’imyitwarire**:
#* Umupira w’amaguru ugira ingaruka nziza ku buzima bw’abaturage, cyane cyane urubyiruko. Uyu mukino utuma urubyiruko rwigira hamwe, rugakorera ku ntego imwe. Bifasha mu gukomeza kubaka ubuzima bwiza, harimo gukumira ibiyobyabwenge, kurwanya ihohoterwa, ndetse no kwigisha imico myiza nk’ubufatanye, gukorera hamwe, no kubaha abandi.
#* Abakinnyi b’umupira w’amaguru bakunda kuba intangarugero mu mico myiza, bigatuma babona amahirwe yo kubaka imiryango myiza n’ubuzima bwiza.
# **Uburezi n’impano z’abana**:
#* Umupira w’amaguru ufasha mu kuzamura impano z’abana mu gihugu. Abana benshi babona amahirwe yo gukina no kwimenyereza umupira w’amaguru, bakava mu bibazo bitandukanye byo mu buzima bwo mu muhanda, bakabasha kugera ku nzozi zabo.
#* Uyu mukino kandi uhuriza hamwe ibigo by’amashuri, ugatuma abana bakura bafite ubumenyi n’ubushobozi bwo gukorana n’abandi.
# **Guteza imbere impano no gushakira imirimo**:
#* Umupira w’amaguru ukomeje kuba umwuga ku rubyiruko rw’u Rwanda. Abakinnyi benshi b’umupira w’amaguru babasha kubona akazi muri za shampiyona z’imbere mu gihugu ndetse n’izindi shampiyona mpuzamahanga.
#* Byongeye kandi, abakinnyi batandukanye barashora mu bikorwa by’ubucuruzi cyangwa imibereho myiza nyuma yo kugaragaza impano zabo mu mupira w’amaguru, bagatangiza imishinga itandukanye.
# **Ibikorwa bya Diplomacy (Intumwa n’ubucuti)**:
#* Umupira w’amaguru ufasha mu kubaka umubano mwiza hagati y’ibihugu. Imikino mpuzamahanga n’amarushanwa nk’Igikombe cy’Afurika (AFCON) cyangwa CHAN bigira uruhare mu guteza imbere umubano hagati y’u Rwanda n’ibindi bihugu, cyane cyane binyuze mu mukino w’amaguru.
# **Guteza imbere umuco w’imyidagaduro**:
#* Umupira w’amaguru ni umwe mu mikino ikunze gukurura abantu benshi mu gihugu, ubitabirwa n’abakunzi b’umupira w’amaguru baturutse mu bice bitandukanye. Ibi bituma umuco w’imyidagaduro mu gihugu ugira ubuzima buzira umuze, bigatuma abantu bagira ibihe byiza byo kuruhuka no kwishimira ibihe by’imikino.

Mu by'ukuri, umupira w’amaguru ni umukino ufite uruhare runini mu kubaka u Rwanda, mu guteza imbere abantu no kwereka isi ko igihugu cyacu gishoboye kandi cyashyize imbere ibikorwa by'ubufatanye, ubumwe, ndetse n’iterambere.

**<u>umupira wa maguru mu muco nyarwanda</u>**

Umupira w'amaguru ufite akamaro gakomeye mu muco Nyarwanda, aho ushyigikira ubumwe, ubufatanye, no kuganira mu buryo bworoshye. Mu Rwanda, umupira w'amaguru ntabwo ari umukino gusa, ahubwo ni igikoresho gikomeye cyo gukomeza kwimakaza umuco wo guhuriza hamwe abantu, no gushyira imbere ibyiza by'umuryango nyarwanda. Dore bimwe mu buryo umupira w’amaguru ugaragara mu muco Nyarwanda:

### 1. Ubumwe n'ubwiyunge

* **Umupira w’amaguru nk’igikoresho cy’ubumwe**: Mu Rwanda, nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, umupira w’amaguru wagize uruhare mu guhuriza hamwe abanyarwanda batandukanye. Iyi mikino yatangiye kuba urubuga rwo kubaka ubumwe no kwimakaza ubuntu hagati y'abantu bafite inkomoko zitandukanye. Amakipe atandukanye (nk'ay’ibigo bya gisirikare cyangwa amatine) yabaye ibimenyetso by'ubufatanye n'ubwiyunge.
* **Imikino n'ubwiyunge**: Ikipe y'igihugu, Amavubi, yashyize imbere indangagaciro zo kurushaho guhuza abaturage baturutse mu turere twose tw’igihugu, binyuze mu mikino ya shampiyona cyangwa imikino mpuzamahanga.

### 2. Imyidagaduro no Kwidagadura

* **Ubuzima bw’umuryango**: Mu muco Nyarwanda, umupira w’amaguru si umukino gusa, ahubwo ni uburyo bwo kwidagadura no gutera imbere mu muco w’imyidagaduro. Abanyarwanda benshi bakunda gukurikirana imikino ya shampiyona y’igihugu (nk’iya *Primus National League*), cyangwa ibikorwa by’amakipe akomeye nka Rayon Sports, APR FC, na Kiyovu Sports.
* **Imikino y’abaturage**: Umupira w’amaguru ku rwego rw’icyaro ni kimwe mu bikorwa by’imyidagaduro, aho abaturage bahurira ku bibuga bito, bagakina umukino w’umupira, ndetse ni imwe mu nzira yo gusabana no kugaragaza umuco wo gukina no gufashanya.

### 3. Gukora nk’ikipe no kubana mu bwubahane

* **Indangagaciro za gikirisitu n’ubufatanye**: Nka mu yandi makipe, umupira w’amaguru mu muco Nyarwanda wubakira ku ndangagaciro za gikirisitu n’ubufatanye. Ku kibuga, umukinnyi agomba gufatanya n’abandi, akagerageza gutsindira ikipe yose, aho kugendera ku nyungu z’umuntu ku giti cye gusa. Ibi bigira uruhare mu gusigasira ubufatanye, gukorera hamwe nk’ikipe no kubahana.
* **Gukina n’ubushake bwo gufasha abandi**: Uruhare rwa buri mukinnyi ku kibuga ni kimwe mu bimenyetso by’ubufatanye bukomeye, kandi bigatuma abakinnyi bamenya gukorana n’abandi mu buzima busanzwe.

### 4. Ubuto bw’umupira w’amaguru no guteza imbere impano

* **Gutoza abana umupira w’amaguru**: Mu muco nyarwanda, abana bakunda umupira w’amaguru kuva bakiri bato. Ababyeyi n’abarimu bashishikariza abana gukina no kwitabira imikino itandukanye kugira ngo bakure bafite impano, kandi batekanye. Uyu mukino utuma abana bamenya gukorana n’abandi no kugira icyerekezo cy’ubuzima.
* **Guteza imbere impano mu mikino**: Mu Rwanda, amakipe atandukanye n’ibigo by’amashuri bita ku gutegura abakinyi b'umupira w’amaguru bakiri bato. Gukina umupira w’amaguru bituma impano z’abana zitera imbere, kandi bishobora gutuma bagira amahirwe yo gukora imirimo myiza mu buzima bwabo bw’ahazaza.

### 5. Imikoranire n’umuco w’imyidagaduro n’ubuhanzi

* **Gushyira imbere ibihangano n’umuziki**: Umupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda ufitanye isano n’umuziki n’imbyino z’umuco Nyarwanda. Abafana bakunda kwiyereka no kwishimira amakipe yabo binyuze mu ndirimbo cyangwa ibihangano byabateguriwe. Nko mu gihe cy’imikino, umuziki cyangwa indirimbo zihimbaza amakipe ziba zikoreshwa mu gushimisha abafana no kubafasha kwiyumvamo ibyishimo.

### 6. Amateka n’ubushobozi bw’igihugu

* **Ishema ry’igihugu**: Umupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda ni kimwe mu bintu abanyarwanda bakomeza kwishimira, kandi ukaba kimwe mu bigaragaza ishema ry'igihugu. Ikipe y’igihugu, Amavubi, iyo itsinze, bituma abanyarwanda benshi bagira ishema ryo kuba igihugu cyacu kibarizwa mu mikino mpuzamahanga.
* **Umuco w'icyubahiro n'ikuzo**: Imikino y’amakipe akomeye mu gihugu nka Rayon Sports, APR FC, n’andi, iba ari ikimenyetso cy'icyubahiro no gukundwa k’umupira w’amaguru mu gihugu. Gutsinda mu mikino y’akarere cyangwa mpuzamahanga bigaragaza imbaraga n’ubuhanga bw’abanyarwanda mu mupira w’amaguru.

### 7. Ibitabo n’imikoranire ku rwego mpuzamahanga

* **Imikoranire n’indi mipira mpuzamahanga**: Umupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda ukorana n’amashyirahamwe y’imikino mpuzamahanga nka FIFA na CAF. Ibi bituma u Rwanda rugira uruhare mu iterambere ry’imikino ku rwego mpuzamahanga, ndetse bituma habaho guhuza imico no guhererekanya ubunararibonye hagati y’ibihugu.

### 8. Gukora n’abafatanyabikorwa

* **Gukorana n’amashyirahamwe y’imikino**: Umupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda, nk'ikimenyetso cy’imyidagaduro, ukorana n'abafatanyabikorwa batandukanye, harimo abayobozi b’imikino mpuzamahanga, abaterankunga, n’abakunzi b’umupira w’amaguru ku rwego rw’akarere ndetse no ku rwego rw’isi.

Mu ncamake, umupira w’amaguru mu muco nyarwanda ni urufunguzo mu guhuza abantu, kubaka igihugu gifite ubumwe, no guteza imbere imibereho myiza. Uyu mukino ugira uruhare mu gusigasira ibyiza byo mu muco w’ubufatanye, kwihesha agaciro, no kugera ku ntego y’ubuzima bwiza muri rusange.