open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Gutangiza Ed Roberts (activist)

**Edward Verne Roberts** (23 Mutarama 1939 - 14 Werurwe 1995) yari umunyamerika uharanira inyungu . Niwe muntu wa mbere ukoresha igare ry’ibimuga yize muri kaminuza ya Californiya, Berkeley .  Yari umuyobozi wambere wumuryango uharanira uburenganzira bwabafite ubumuga .  

## Amateka
Roberts yanduye indwara y’igicuri afite imyaka cumi nine mu 1953, imyaka ibiri mbere yuko urukingo rwa Salk rurangiza iki cyorezo. Yamaze amezi  mu bitaro asubira mu rugo amugaye kuva ku ijosi hasi usibye intoki ebyiri ku kuboko kumwe n'amano menshi. Yararaga mu bihaha by'icyuma nijoro kandi akenshi yaruhukiraga ku manywa. Iyo avuye mu bihaha yarokotse " guhumeka ibikeri ," tekinike yo guhatira umwuka mu bihaha ukoresheje imitsi yo mu maso no mu ijosi.

## Umuryango
Ed Roberts yashakanye na Catherine Dugan mu 1976, ariko bombi baratandukana mu 1982. Basangiye kurera umuhungu wabo Lee.  

## Reba
Patrisha Wright

**Patrisha Wright** numunyamerika uharanira uburenganzira bwababana n'ubumuga . Ni impumyi byemewe n'amategeko.  Yagize uruhare runini mu gushyiraho itegeko ry’Abanyamerika bafite ubumuga . 

## Gukora
Yari mu cyicaro cya San Francisco kugira ngo ashyigikire ingingo ya 504 y'itegeko ryerekeye gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe muri Mata 1977, nk'umufasha bwite wa Judy Heumann .  Mu 1979, yashinze ikigega cy’uburenganzira n’ubumuga bw’ubumuga (DREDF) hamwe na Mary Lou Breslin na Robert Funk.  Kuva 1979 kugeza 2005 yakoraga nk'umuyobozi ushinzwe ibibazo bya DREDF.  Yaharaniye ko hashyirwaho itegeko rirengera abana bafite ubumuga ryo mu 1986 no guhindura itegeko rigenga imiturire ryerekeye ababana n'ubumuga.   impungenge z’ubumuga mu ihuriro ry’imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu bose bakoraga kugira ngo bemeze itegeko ryo gusubiza uburenganzira bwa muntu mu 1987.

Na none mu myaka ya za 1980, ubwo ubuyobozi bwa Reagan bwatinyaga guhindura cyangwa gukuraho amabwiriza ashyira mu bikorwa ingingo ya 504 y’itegeko ryita ku buzima busanzwe (Abanyamerika) ryo mu 1973 hamwe n’amategeko agenga uburezi bw’abana bose bafite ubumuga bwo mu 1975, Wright na Evan Kemp (wo mu kigo cy’uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga) bayoboye ubukangurambaga mu nzego z’ibanze no guharanira kurwanya aya makarita arenga 40.000.  Mu 1984, ubuyobozi bwahagaritse kugerageza guhindura cyangwa gukuraho ayo mabwiriza; icyakora, barangije inyungu zubwiteganyirize bwibihumbi magana nabahawe ubumuga. 

## Reba
Arijantine mu Mikino y’Abatumva

Arijantine yitabiriye bwa mbere kandi itsindira igihembo cyayo cya mbere muri Deaflympics mu mwaka wa 1965. Guhera icyo gihe, Arijantine yagiye itabira Deaflympics kenshi.  Arijantine ntiyigeze yitabira imikino yo kutumva.

## Uburebure bw'imidari

### Impeshyi

## Reba kandi

* Arijantine muri Paralympique
* Arijantine mu mikino Olempike

## Reba
Ositiriya mu Mikino y’Abatumva

Ositiriya yitabiriye imikino y’abatumva kuva mu 1931 kandi imaze kubona imidari 78 yose. 

## Uburebure bw'imidari

### Impeshyi

### Imikino yo kutumva

## Reba kandi

* Otirishiya mu mikino Paralympike
* Otirishiya mu mikino Olempike

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Urubuga rwemewe rwa Deaflympics
* 2017 Abadafite ubumuga bwo kutumva
Henri Viscardi Jr.

**Henry Viscardi Jr.** (1912-2004) yari umunyamerika uharanira uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga baharanira inyungu z’uburinganire n’akazi k’abafite ubumuga mu bakozi. Mu 1952, abifashijwemo na Eleanor Roosevelt, yashinze Ubushobozi   Kugira ngo abana bafite ubumuga bafite amahirwe angana yo kwiga, yashinze ishuri ryita ku bakozi i Albertson, muri New York mu 1952, nyuma ryitwa ishuri rya Henry Viscardi mu cyubahiro. Yabaye umujyanama wa ba perezida benshi bo muri Amerika bazana impinduka nyinshi za politiki mu rwego rw’abafite ubumuga.  Ni n'umwanditsi w'igitabo *Duhe ibikoresho* .  Mu cyubahiro cye, ikigo cya Viscardi mu 2013 cyatangije ibihembo bya Henry Viscardi Achievement Awards kugira ngo bamenye kandi bamenye abayobozi b'intangarugero bo mu muryango w'abafite ubumuga. 

## Reba kandi

* Ikigo cya Viscardi
* Henri Viscardi
* Ibihembo bya Henry Viscardi

## Reba
Belarus mu Mikino y’Abatumva

Biyelorusiya yitabiriye imikino y’abatumva kuva mu mwaka wa 1993 kugeza igihe yabujijwe mu mwaka wa 2022, kandi yegukana imidari 87.  Nyuma y’Uburusiya bwateye muri Ukraine mu 2022, Komite mpuzamahanga ya siporo ishinzwe ubumuga bwo kutumva (ICSD) yabujije abakinnyi bava muri Belarus kwitabira imikino y’abatumva muri uwo mwaka i Caxias do Sul, muri Burezili. 

Belarus ntirarushanwa mu mikino yo kutumva.

## Uburebure bw'imidari

## Reba kandi

* Biyelorusiya mu mikino Paralympike
* Biyelorusiya mu mikino Olempike

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Urubuga rwemewe rwa Deaflympics
* 2017 Abadafite ubumuga bwo kutumva
Ububiligi mu Mikino y’Abatumva

Ububiligi bwitabiriye imikino y’abatumva kuva bwashingwa mu mwaka wa 1924 kandi bwabonye imidari 85 yose. 

Ububiligi  ntirigeze yitabira imikino yo kutumva.

## Uburebure bw'imidari

## Reba kandi

* Ububiligi muri Paralympique
* Ububiligi mu mikino Olempike

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Urubuga rwemewe rwa Deaflympics
* 2017 Abadafite ubumuga bwo kutumva
Zaruhi Valeriani Batoyan

Zaruhi Valeriani Batoyan ( Armenian   ; wavutse 29 Nzeri 1979), ni umunyapolitiki wo muri Arumeniya, umunyamakuru uharanira uburenganzira bwababana n'ubumuga yahoze ari Minisitiri w’umurimo n’imibereho myiza muri guverinoma ya kabiri ya Pashinyan .  

## Ubuzima
Zaruhi Batoyan yavutse 1979 muri Yerevan . Mu 2008, yarangije mu ishami ry'itangazamakuru muri kaminuza ya Leta ya Yerevan . Mu mwaka wa 2012, yitabiriye gahunda y’amahugurwa y’abagore bashinzwe kuyobora n’ubumuga (WILD) yatanzwe na Mobility International USA muri Eugene, Oregon

## Umwuga wa politiki
Ku ya 30 Ukwakira 2016, yatorewe kuba umwe mu bagize Inama y’ishyaka rya sosiyete sivile. Muri 2017 yatorewe kuba umunyamuryango w’inama y’abasaza ya Yerevan for Way Out Alliance . Ku  Kamena 2018, yagizwe Minisitiri wungirije w’umurimo n’imibereho myiza  [   ya 18 Mutarama 2019.   Ni umukoresha w’ibimuga . 

## Reba
Burezili mu Mikino y’Abatumva

Burezili yitabiriye imikino y’abatumva ku nshuro ya mbere mu 1993. Guhera icyo gihe, Brezile yagiye itabira Deaflympics kenshi. Burezili yatsindiye igihembo cyayo cya mbere mu mikino y'abatumva mu mwaka wa 2009. Brezile kandi yitabiriye Imikino y’Abatumva y’Ubukonje bwa mbere mu mikino yo mu mwaka wa 2019 yabereye muri Sondrio Province, mu Butaliyani.

## Uburebure bw'imidari

### Impeshyi

### Imikino yo kutumva

## Reba kandi

* Burezili muri Paralympique
* Burezili mu mikino Olempike

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* 2017 Abadafite ubumuga bwo kutumva
Kolombiya mu Mikino y’Abatumva

**Kolombiya** yitabiriye imikino y’abatumva mu mpeshyi ku nshuro ya mbere mu mwaka wa 1969 kandi yegukana umudari wonyine w’abatumva muri uwo mwaka.  Kolombiya ntabwo yigeze yitabira imikino yo kutumva .

## Uburebure bw'imidari

### Impeshyi

### Imidari muri buri birori by'imikino

## Reba kandi

* Kolombiya mu mikino Paralympike
* Kolombiya mu mikino Olempike

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* 2017 Abadafite ubumuga bwo kutumva
Robert Sampson

**Robert Sampson** (4 Werurwe 1925 - 3 Ukuboza 2006) yari visi perezida muri United Airlines . Yasuzumwe indwara ya dystrofi yimitsi afite imyaka 5, kandi akoresha igare ubuzima bwe bwose.

Sampson, umunyamategeko, yari umwunganira abamugaye. Yakoreye Komisiyo ya Perezida ishinzwe umurimo w'abafite ubumuga iyobowe na ba perezida batanu b'Abanyamerika. Imbaraga ze zamufashije kuganisha ku myubakire mu kugera ku bamugaye, nk'ibimuga by'ibimuga.

Sampson yafatanije na Jerry Lewis gukusanya amafaranga yo kuvura indwara y'imitsi .Boeing 747-400, umurizo numero N116UA, bamwitiriwe.

## Reba
Danemarke mu Mikino y’Abatumva

Danemari yitabiriye Deaflympics guhera mu mwaka wa 1931 kandi yatsindiye ibihembo byose hamwe 139. 

Danemari ntiyigeze yitabira Imikino y’Abatumva y’Ubukonje.

## Urutonde rw’imedalye

### Impeshyi Deaflympics

## Reba kandi

* Danemarke mu mikino Paralympike
* Danemark mu mikino Olempike

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Urubuga rwemewe rwa Deaflympics
* 2017 Abadafite ubumuga bwo kutumva
Nations at the Deaflympics
Ecuador mu batumva

**[[Ekwadoro|Muri uquateur]]** bwa mbere yitabiriye imikino ya abatumva ku nshuro ya mbere mu 2013 ndetse akomeza no kwitabira imikino y’Abatumva y’Ubushuhe ya 2017, yegukana umudari wa silver muri 2017. 

Ecuador itaritabira imikino y'ubumuga bwo kutumva.

## Uburebure bw'imidari

### Impeshyi

## Reba
Lauren Weibert

**Lauren Weibert** (yavutse ku ya 17 Kamena mu 1988) ni umunyamerika utumva urubura. Yitabiriye amarushanwa ya Deaflympique ya 2015  amarushanwa ya shelegi y'abagore bafite ubumuga.  wa zahabu mu birori byo gusiganwa ku maguru mu bagore ndetse na feza mu birori byo kwambuka urubura.  ]  ​

Yemerewe kandi guhagararira Amerika mu mikino Olempike yo mu mwaka wa 2011, ariko amaherezo ibirori byaje guhagarikwa kubera ibirego bya ruswa byashinjwaga umuyobozi wa siporo w’ababana n'ubumuga bwo kutumva bo muri Silovakiya bigatuma habaho kunanirwa mu muteguro. 

## Amashakiro
Venezuela at the Deaflympics

Venezuwela yitabiriye imikino yabafite ubumuga bwo yo kutumva kuva mu 1969 kandi imaze kubona imidari 54 yose.

Venezuwela itarahatanira imikino yimikino yabatumva.

## Uburebure bw'imidari

## amashakiro
Uzbekistan at the Deaflympics

**[[Uzubekisitani]]** yitabiriye imikino yo kutumva kuva mu 1997 . Uzubekisitani yatsindiye umudari wa mbere w’abatumva mu mikino Olempike yo mu mpeshyi ya 2009 yabereye i Taekwondo, ari nawo mudari wabo rukumbi mu mateka bafite mukiciro cyabafite ubumuga bwo y’abatumva. 

## Imidari
Inkomoko:  
 

## Reba kandi

* Ibipfamatwi muri Uzubekisitani

## Amashakiro
Umurenge wa Kimihurura

**Umurenge wa Kimihurura** ni umwe mu mirenge magana ane na cumi n'itandatu(416 sectors) igize igihugu cy'u Rwanda.Uyu murenge uherereye mu karere ka Gasabo mu mugi wa Kigali.

Umurenge wa Kimihurura ugizwe n'utugari dutatu (3 cells) ari two : 
1.Akagari ka Kimihurura
2. Akagari ka Kamukina
3.Akagali ka Rugando

.**Akagari ka Kamukina kagizwe n'imidugudu itanu ariyo:**

# umudugudu wa Zuba

2. umudugudu w'Umurava

3.umudugudu w'Ituze

4.umudugudu wa Nyenyeri

5.umudugudu wa Juru

**Akagari ka Kimihurura kagizwe n'imidugudu 4 ari yo**:

1.umudugudu w'Imihigo

2.umudugudu w'Amajyambere

3.umudugudu w'Urwego

4.umudugudu wa Kimihurura.

**Akagari ka Rugando kagizwe n'imidugudu 4 ari yo**:

1.umudugudu ta Taba

2.umudugudu wa Gasasa

3.Umudugudu wa Rebero

4.umudugudu wa Gasanze
Indorerwamo

= INDORERWAMO =
Indorerwamo ni icyuma cyangwa igikoresho gikoreshwa mu kugaragaza ishusho y'abantu cyangwa ibintu.

Indorerwamo ya mbere yageze mu Rwanda mu 1986,uruganda rwa mbere rwazitunganyije rwitwa Anik Industries.

### Imikoreshereze y'indorerwamo

* Ahanini indorerwamo ikoreshwa mu gupima uko umuntu ameze,kwiyuhagira,cyangwa kwitegura.
* Ishobora gukoreshwa kandi mu nzu, mu biro, mu maduka y'imideri cyangwa se ahandi hose abantu bakenera kwireba.

* Mu rurimi rw'imvugo,"kumenya indorerwamo" bishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bw'ikigereranyo:kureba cyangwa kwisuzuma uko umeze cyangwa uko ibintu byifashe.

### Amashakiro
Https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMIS (ubuhinzi)

AMIS (ubuhinzi) ni ishyirahamwe rishinzwe amakuru ajyanye n'ubuhinzi, ni urubuga n'ikoranabuhanga rihuza amakuru atandukanye ku bijyanye n'ubuhinzi no gutangaza amakuru ku bantu bose bari mu buhinzi. Iryo shyirahamwe ryihariye kurusha izindi kuko rifungura amakuru y'ubuhinzi, ariko rikanatangaza amakuru yose bifuza kumenya ku buryo burambuye.Iryo shyirahamwe ryihariye kurusha izindi kuko rifungura amakuru y'ubuhinzi, ariko rikanatangaza amakuru yose bifuza kumenya ku buryo burambuye. 

* **Intego:** Guhuza amakuru ku bantu bose bari mu buhinzi nko kurushaho gutanga amakuru nk'amazina, uburebure, ubwinshi, amakuru yawe ubwawe n'ubworozi bw'ibihangano n'ibindi n'ibindi.
* **Amakuru:** Amakuru yakwirakwizwa harimo amakuru y'ubwoko buhingwa n'ubworozi, amakuru y'ibihangano n'ubworozi n'ibindi bitandukanye.
* **Kwirinda gusubira inyuma:** Irindi ryambere ni uko itanga amakuru ku buryo burambuye, hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ubuhinzi, ibyihangano n'ibindi.
* **Kwirinda Gusubira Inyuma:** Kwandika amakuru ku buryo burambuye harimo imikino, imvugo, imiterere, amashusho n'ibindi bitandukanye.
* **Amakuru y'ubuhinzi:** Ishingiye ku buryo burambuye bwo guhinga no korora, AMIS ihagarikwa n'ibindi bitandukanye bishinzwe kurinda amakuru y'ubuhinzi. 

### reference
1,https://www.google.com/search?sca_esv=84f78223e416b16a&rlz=1C1CHBD_enRW1029RW1029&sxsrf=AE3TifN4cgVhuJsF_q37h0Igtotp3bzTsw:1762599126978&q=AMIS+(ubuhinzi)&source=lnms&fbs=AIIjpHxU7SXXniUZfeShr2fp4giZ1Y6MJ25_tmWITc7uy4KIeuYzzFkfneXafNx6OMdA4MQSBVctRys_GZriRO39Kwt_UnAXltWoMba0YL6wApUN8svMkd6oba5WMDL8r_LBDprerL2bGwkTqXOCoYJufhjI4iyDS-qsmTnwU86tmoGqFCNTcwhQQ-q4JrfGD7hDPmcKTArAHemgdhI0sgteo8Y1n8IHGw&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj7heG2seKQAxWCY0EAHbkyNDQQ0pQJegQIDhAB&biw=911&bih=427&dpr=1.5
Inyamaswa ziba muri Africa Museum

### Inyamaswa ziba mu Rwanda no muri Afurika zasizwe imiti ngo zikomeze kugaragara mu mwimerere
Muri afurika Museum harimo inyamaswa zigaraga mu isura ya nyayo aho zazizwe imiti ngo zitangirika, kuko zizanwa hashize igihe kirekire.

Muri izo Nyamaswa harimo Inzovu, Intare, Imvubu, Isatura, Agasumbashyamba, Ingugi, Imbogo, Igisamujyonjyo(Pangolin), Impala, Imparage, Inzoka, Ingona ,Ingwe, Urusamagwe, Imbwebwe,  Umuhari, Akanyamasyo ndetse n'izindi.

Akarusho ku muntu utarabona izo nyamaswa iyo azibonye asanga zifite umubiri wazo w'umwihariko, ubwoya ndetse n'ibindi bice bitigeze byangirika kubera zibitswe mu buryo bwa gihanga butuma zitangirika.

Izo nyamaswa zigaraga nuri iyo nzu ndangamurage harimo izakuwe mu Rwanda ndetse n'izakuwe mu bindi bice byo muri Afurika nka Tanzania, u Burundi na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo. Inzu ndangamurage ya Africa Museum iherereye mu nkengero z'umujyi wa Buruseli mu gace  Tervuren ikaba iri mu nzu ndangamurage zikomeye ku isi, irimo ibisigaswa miliyoni 10 by'inyamaswa, amabuye y'agaciro ibihumbi 250, ibikoresho by'umuziki 8,000, ubushyinguro bw'amateka (Archives) 350, amakarita ibihumbi 20, ubwoko bunyuranye bw'ibiti ndetse n'ibikoresho bijyanye n'umuco karande.

## Amashakiro:
Wikipedia y'Ikinyarwanda

**Wikipedia y'Ikinyarwanda** ni igice cya Wikipedia kiboneka mu rurimi rw'Ikinyarwanda.
## Amateka
## References
Kurahira Kwa Perezida Paul Kagame

### Paul Kagame arahirira kuyobora u Rwanda
Kuri uyu wa 11 Kanama 2024 pereziida wa Repubulika Paul Kagame yarahiriye kongera kuyobora u Rwanda n'Abanyarwanda muri manda y'imyaka itanu, kongera gutorwa n'ibirori byo kurahira kwe, benshi babihuza n'ibimaze kugerwaho n'impinduka mu iterambere ry'impande zitandukanye z'Igihugu.

Uyu munsi Sitade Amahoro yakiriye ibirori byo kurahira kwe, ni gihamya cy'uko u Rwanda rumaze gutera imbere dore ko yavuguruwe ikuzuzra itwaye abarirwa muri Miliyali 200Frw.

Mu myaka 30 ishize Sitade Amahoro yari inkambi y'impunzi z'Abatutsi bari barahungiyemo, ariko uyu munsi ni ikimenyetso ntakuka cy'iterambere ry'u Rwanda, guhamya uko Igihugu cyiyubatse kandi kinatanga icyizere cyo gukomeza gutera imbere k'u Rwanda n'Abanyarwanda.

Kurahira kwa Perezida Kagame uyu munsi muri sitade Amahoro, bigaragaza indi sura nshya u Rwanda rwerekejemo mu ruhando mpuzamahanga ruyobowe na Perezida kagame. Mu ijambo yavuze nyuma yo kurahira, Perezida Kagame yatangaje ko iyi manda nshya ari iyo gukora cyane kugira ngo Abanyarwanda bagere ku bindi byinshi byiza mu myaka iri imbere. 

## Amashakiro:
Nyabarongo

Nyabarongo ni umugezi munini mu migezi y'igihugu cy'u Rwanda.Uyu mugezi ufite isoko mu mugezi wa Nile.
Ramsey Nouah

**Ramsey Nouah** (yavutse ari **Ramsey Tokunbo Nouah Jr** kuwa 19 Ukuboza 1970) ni umukinnyi wa filme ukomoka muri Nijeriya akanaziyobora. Yatsindiye igikombe muri Africa Movie Academy Award cy'umukinnyi witwaye neza mu role y'ibanze agiheshejwe na filme yakinnye The Figurine  yatangiriye kuyobora filme kuri filme Living in Bondage: Breaking Free yo muri 2019*​*​*​* ahita akomereza kuri filme yakunzwe muri Nollywood yitwa Rattle Snake: The Ahanna Story ikaba filme yari yongewe gusubirwamo Rattlesnake yo muri 1995

## Amateka
Ramsey Tokunbo Nouah Jr. yavukiye i Lagos kuwa 19 Ukuboza 1970 kuri se w'umuLibani na nyina w'umunya-Yoruba ukomoka muri Owo, muri Leta ya Ondo. Yakuriye i Surulere Lagos, aho yigiye amashuri abanza kuri Atara primary school akomereza kuri community grammar school. Yakuye impamyabumenyi ya mass communication mu ishuri rikuru rya Lagos (university of Lagos), nyuma nibwo yabonye gukomeza umwuga wo gukora filme.

## Ibijyanye n'Umwuga
Nouah yinjiye mu mwuga wo gukina filme mu myaka ya za 90 kuko yari akeneye amafaranga yo kwishyura impamyabumenyi ya General Certificate Education (GCE). Ariko umwuga we wo gukina filme ufata ishusho ubwo yakinaga nka Jeff Akin-Thomas muri filme yacaga kuri televiziyo yo muri Nijeriya bise Soap Opera Fortunes Kuva icyo gihe yagaragaye muri filme nyinshi nk'umukinnyi w'imena aza kwitirirwa akabyiniriro ka Lover Boy kubera role nyinshi yakinaga muri filme z'urukundo Afatwa kandi nk'umwe mu bakinnyi bashakishwa cyane muri Nijeriya.

Muri 2015, Nouah yahawe uburenganzira bwo gusubiramo filme Living in Bondage yo muri 1992. Muri 2018, nibwo yatangaje ko iyo azasubiramo azayita Living in Bondage: Breaking Free, yaje no gusohoka kuwa 8, ugushyingo 2019, iba filme ya mbere Nouah yayoboye anayikinamo​ ndetse iza gutsindira ibihembo 7 muri Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards.

## Ibihembo

## Ubuzima bwite
Nouah yashakanye na Emelia Philips-Nouah, bibarutse abana 2 b'abahungu Quincy Nouah na Joshua Nouah n'umukobwa umwe witwa Desiree Nouah.

## Bimwe Mu Bikorwa Yagaragayemo

### Filme

### Televiziyo

## Amashakiro

## Ihuza ryo hanze
 

* Ramsey Nouah at IMDb
* Ramsey Nouah on Twitter
Destin Conrad

**Destin Conrad** (yavutse ku ya 25 Kamena 2000) ni umuhanzi w'umunyamerika. 

## Ubuzima bwo hambere
Destin yavukiye i Tampa muri Leta ya Floride, arererwa n’umubyeyi umwe ukomoka muri Jamayika. Nyirasenge, wari umuvugabutumwa, yakundaga kumujyana mu rusengero no mu bikorwa by’itorero aho yaririmbaga. Yatangiye kumenyekana ku mbuga nkoranyambaga **Vine** mu mwaka wa 2014, ubwo yashyiragaho videwo ye ya mbere, maze akaza kubona abayoboke barenga miliyoni. Ni naho kandi yahuriye bwa mbere n’umuhanzi **Kehlani**, bafitanye ubucuti bukomeye kandi amufata nk’umuvandimwe we mukuru.  

## Umwuga
Amaze kwigaragaza nkumuntu wimbuga nkoranyambaga kuri Vine, yatangiye gusohora umuziki nkubuseribateri. Muri 2019, yasohoye indirimbo "Cautious." Mu myaka mike yakurikiyeho, yasohoye izindi ndirimbo, zirimo ubufatanye na Ambré bise "Uburiganya" na trap / R & B hybrid "Closure", byombi byasohotse mu 2020. Kugeza mu 2021, yashoboye gusohora icyegeranyo cy’indirimbo 9 za *Colorway.* Yarekuye *Satin* mu 2022, *Yayoboka* mu mpera za 2023, na *Submissive 2* mu 2024.  Yandikiye abandi bahanzi nka Kehlani na Ambré. Yakoranye kandi n'umuririmbyi / umwanditsi w'indirimbo Alex Isley (umukobwa wa Ernie Isley) mu ndirimbo 2024 yise "Amakosa amwe." Basohoye kandi amashusho yindirimbo imwe.  2024, Destin Conrad yatangiye urugendo rwe rwa mbere. Ni urugendo rwo mu mijyi 36 yo muri Amerika rwatangiye ku cyumweru, tariki ya 4 Gashyantare 2024 i Ngwino Ufate Live muri Austin, Texas hanyuma ruzenguruke i Los Angeles kuri Echoplex ku wa gatanu, 5 Mata 2024.  

## Discography

## Reba
Kwitwaza Inkoni

### Umugenzo Nyarwanda wo kwitwaza Inkoni
Mu muco n'amateka y'u Rwanda, habagamo imigenzo mikuru yabaga ari umuco karande ababakomokaho bazagenderaho ibihe byinshi. Muriyo migenzo, ntitwabura kuvuga k'umaze imyaka myinshi mu muco w'Abanyarwanda, ari wo wo kwitaza inkoni.

Kwitwaza inkoni, byari bimwe mu bigize imigenzo myinshi y'Abanyarwanda, yaba abakiri bato n,abakuru, abayobozi n'abayoborwa.

Impamvu nyamukuru zatumaga Abanyarwanda bo hambere bitwaza inkoni:

### Kwirinda no Kwitabara
Kera u Rwanda rukiri amashyamba ya cyimeza, rwari rurimo inyamaswa nyinshi z'inkazi n'ibikururuka bitagira ingano. Ibyo byatumaga Abanyarwanda, bahora bitwaje inkoni, kugira ngo mu gihe bahuye n'inyamaswa iyo ari yo yose yabasagarira babashe kwitabara. Iyo bahuraga n'inzoka, inkoni babaga bitwaje, ni yo yabibafashagamo kugira ngo babashe kuyica, itabangiza. 

### Inkoni nk'ikimenyetso cy'ubushumba
Abanyarwanda bitwazaga inkoni nk'ikimenyetso cy'ubuyobozi n'ubushumba bw'abo bashumbye cyangwa se bashinzwe kubungabunga umutekano wa bo. Iteka ryose, wasangaga abami, abatware b'umwami n'abatware b'imiryango, bakunze kwitwaa inkoni.

### Inkoni nk'akaguru ka gatatu
Abanyarwanda bitwazaga inkonink'akaguru ka gatatu, iyo umuntu yaageraga mu zabukuru, akenshi yagiraga intege nke, zivanze no kurwara isusumira, bityo bikamusaba kugira inkoni yo kwicumba, kugira ngo abashe gushingura abe yagira iyo agana.

Izo akaba ari zo mpamvu nyamukuru zatumaga Abanyarwnda , baba abato n'abakuru bagira umugenzo wo kwitwaza inkoni, ukaba waramamaye na magingo aya.

Nta bwo kwitwaza inkoni byari umuco w'urugomo cyangwa se impamvu z'ubusaza nk'uko benshi babyibwira cyangwa se babibwiwe, buri wese yagiraga impamvu ze zituma yitwaza inkoni hakaba n'izo bahuriyeho.

## Amashakiro:
Yorodani Ward

**Jordan Alexander Ward** (wavutse ku ya 1 Gashyantare 1995), uzwi cyane nka **Jordan Ward**, ni umuririmbyi, umwanditsi w’indirimbo ndetse n’umubyinnyi w’umunyamerika.  Yatangiye umwuga we nk’umubyinnyi mbere yo kwinjira mu muziki. Yatangiriye umuziki mu mwaka wa **2017**, maze mu **2023** asohora alubumu ye ya mbere ya studio yitwa *Imbere*. Mu **2024**, yatorewe **igihembo cya NAACP Image Award** mu cyiciro cy’umuhanzi mushya w’indashyikirwa mu bihembo bya 55 bya NAACP

## Ubuzima bwo hambere
Jordan Ward yavutse ku ya 1 Gashyantare 1995  kandi yakuriye i St. Louis, muri Missouri .  Kuva akiri muto, yerekanye ishyaka rikomeye ry'ubuhanzi, cyane cyane imbyino n'umuziki.   

## Umwuga

### Umwuga wo kubyina
Yorodani yize kubyina, harimo ballet, jazz, na hip-hop, akiri ingimbi.  Mbere yo kwishora mu muziki, Jordan Ward yigaragaje nk'umubyinnyi, imyitozo ndetse anakorana n’amasosiyete atandukanye yo kubyina ndetse no mu bitaramo byinshi.  Amaze kurangiza amashuri yisumbuye, yimukiye i Los Angeles, ari naho yakoraga nk'umubyinnyi winyuma, azenguruka abahanzi barimo Justin Bieber, Becky G, Janet Jackson, na Beyoncé .  

### Umwuga wa muzika
Ward yatangiye kwandika no gufata amashusho y'indirimbo ze mu    Muri 2017, Jordan Ward yashyize ahagaragara umushinga we wa mbere, *A Peak mu nama* .   Nyuma yibi, yasohoye indirimbo nyinshi, harimo "Mustard" irimo 6LACK .  

Mu Kwakira 2021, yasohoye EP yitwa *Guma Gutuza.* Muri Werurwe  Ward yashyize ahagaragara alubumu ye ya mbere, *Imbere*, muri Interscope Records . Iyi  yakozwe na Lido, igaragaramo ubufatanye na Joyce Wrice, Ryan Trey, Gwen Bunn, na Joony .  Isohora, *Imbere* yashushanyije ku mbonerahamwe ya Billboard R&amp;amp;B yo muri Amerika mu cyumweru cyayo cya mbere. *[* &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup> ''Rolling Stone'' yashyize ''Imbere'' kurutonde rwayo rwa Album 100 Nziza zo mu   

Mu gihembwe cya kane cya 2023, yazengurutse u Burayi bwose.  Ward yatorewe igihembo cy’ishusho cya NAACP kubera umuhanzi mushya w’indashyikirwa mu bihembo bya 55 bya NAACP . Ward  ​   Muri Mata 2024, yasohoye indirimbo "Umukinnyi wa kabiri" mu majwi ya ''Ntubwire Mama Wapfuye Umwana .'' Ku ya **' 2025, Ward yasohoye indirimbo imwe 'JUICY' yakozwe na Michael Uzowuru na Teo Halm . 

## Muburyo bwa muzika hamwe ningaruka
Umuziki wa Ward uhumekwa na funk, ubundi rock, na hip hop . 

## Discography

### Album za studio

* *Imbere* (2023) 

### Imvange

* *Ibyiringiro byo mu kibaya* (2019) 

### Uruhererekane rw'indirimbo

* *Impinga mu nama* (2017) 
* *Komeza gutuza* (2021) 
* *JRNY* (hamwe na Joony ) (2024) 

### Ingaragu

* "Tapas"
* "Lalaland"
* "Umukandida"
* "Mfata inyuma"
* "Okok" (Hibachi) 
* "Sandiego" 
* "Lil Baby Crush" 
* "IDC" irimo Joony 
* "Crocs Yera" irimo Ryan Trey 
* "Cherimoya" 
* "Sinapi" irimo 6lack 
* "Gutegereza Ubusa" 
* "Umukinnyi wa kabiri" 
* "Umutobe" 

## Imizenguruko
**Umutwe**

* TEURWARD (2023) (EU) 

**Gushyigikira**

* 6 GUKURIKIRA - " Kuva Mfite Umukunzi " Urugendo (2023) 
* Smino - Urugendo rwa "Louphoria" (2023) (EU) 
* JID & Smino - "Luv Is 4Ever" Urugendo (2023) 
* Duckwrth - Urugendo "SuperGood" (2021) 

## Ibihembo yatsindiye naho yashyizwe kurutonde rwabahatanye.

## Reba
Jackie Appiah

**Jackie Appiah** (yavutse kuwa 5 Ukuboza 1983) ni umunyegana wavukiye muri kanada, Umukinnyi wa filme wamamaye cyane mu ruganda rwa sinema muri Afrika. 

Jackie yavukiye mu mujyi wa Toronto muri Kanada, aza kwimukira muri Gana akiri muto ariho yatangiriye umwuga we wo gukina filme. Uko imyaka yagiye itambuka Jackie yerekanye ubuhanga bumuhesha kuyobora role nyinshi ahawe yaba muri Nollywood cyangwa Gallywood, biramwubahisha yaba ku rwego rw'imbere mu gihugu ndetse no mu mahanga.

Ibikorwa bye birivugira kuko byamuhesheje ibihembo byinshi ndetse anahatanira byinshi, aho yegukanye igihembo cy'umukinnyi mwiza muri 2010 agikuye muri Africa Movie Academy Awards(AMAA) ndetse ahabwa n'icy'umukinnyi mwiza wunganira (Best Actress in a supporting role) muri africa Movie Academy Awards yo muri 2007 aza guhatana no muri 2008 icya *Best Actress in a Leading Role* n'icya *Best Upcoming Actress* muri AMAA nubwo byo atabyegukanye*.* Ibi bishimangira izina rye ku ruhando rw'amazina akomeye muri sinema. Muri 2023 Glitz Africa yamuhaye igihembo cya Excellence in Creative Art Award mu ishimwe ngarukamwaka rigenerwa Abagore. Jackie ayobora filme, akazishoramo amafaranga, ni umunyamideli, yerekana imideli ndetse afasha n'ababaye (humanitarian) 

## Amateka
Jackie yavutse kuwa 5 Ukuboza 1983 kuri se Bwana Kwabena Appiah mu muryango w'Aba- Appiah avukira Toronto muri Kanada, Jackie niwe muhererezi mu bana batanu bavukana. Nyirarume Joe Appiah yari umuyobzi ukomeye muri Gana. Ubuzima bwe bunini akiri muto yabaga muri Kanada agize imyaka 10 we na nyina bimukira muri Gana   yamamaye cyane ku izina rye Appiah, Muri 2005 yashakanye na Peter Agyemang bakaba bafitanye umwana w'umuhungu.
Ego Ella May

**Ego Ella May** ( / ɛg-oʊ ˈɛl.ə meɪ / eh - go eh - luh yavutse mumwaka wa 1992  ni umuririmbyi winjyana ya R na B, neo-soul hamwe na Jazzy ya contemporary. Ni umurirmbyi uturuka m'Ubwongereza, muri London yamajyepfo.

## Ubuzima bwo hambere
Ella May yavukiye mu gace ka Croydon. Izina rye ryahumetswe n’umuco we wo muri Nijeriya ndetse no ku muririmbyikazi Ella Fitzgerald. Yatangiye kuririmba akiri muto, kandi afite imyaka 19 yigishije kwiyarangurira gucuranga gitari, gutunganya indirimbo no gukora umuziki we bwite.

## Umwuga

### 2014–2018
Muri 2014, Ella May yasohoye umuzingo windirimbo we wambere, *Guhumeka Amazi*,  yagize ati: "yampaye ubushagarira kuva mu ntangiriro kugeza ku iherezo".  ** yamusobanuye ko nk'ijwi ry'ejo hazaza rya neo-roho". 

Muri 2015, yasohoye umuzingo windirimbo, *Zero*, aho  yise "guhuza imbaraga z'ubugingo, jazz na elegitoroniki". 

Muri 2018, indirimbo ye "Imbonerahamwe ya Umwe", yaje kurutonde rwa *New York Times* rw'indirimbo nshya zizwi cyane.  Yashyizwe mumajwi yigihembwe cya gatatu cyuburere *bwimibonano mpuzabitsina* . 

### 2019–2021

Muri 2019, Ella May yasohoye, "Icyayi & Impuhwe". *Earmilk* yise inzira "ibirori biryoheye amatwi". Indirimbo ye "Abakobwa Ntibahora Baririmba Abahungu" yasobanuwe nkitangaje *na Onsmash*  
## Reba
Ogi (umuririmbyi)

**Ogi Ifediora**, uzwi cyane nka Ogi, ni umuhanzi w’Umunyamerika ufite inkomoko muri Nijeriya, uririmba injyana ya R&B na blues. Yamamaye cyane ubwo yaririmbaga indirimbo *AlJ* ya PJ Morton, ndetse n’indirimbo ye yo mu 2021 *I Got It*, yakozwe n’umuhanga mu gutunganya indirimbo wegukanye Grammy, No ID.

## Amateka bwite
Ogi Ifediora yavutse mu 1997 hanze ya Chicago akurira i Madison, muri Wisconsin . Kuva akiri muto, yakundaga umuziki. Nyirakuru yakunze kuririmba indirimbo gakondo zo muri Nigeriya kumukangura. Yahoraga kandi mu nama zo gusengera mu muryango, zirimo n'indirimbo. Ibi byaranze intangiriro yinyungu za Ogi muburyo bukomeye kandi bugoye.  Mu mashuri yisumbuye, yari umunyamuryango wa korari jazz usibye gucuranga inanga .  Nyuma yize muri Northwestern University aho yize ibijyanye na siyanse ya politiki kandi yiga ibijyanye n’amategeko . Igihe yari ahari, yari umwe mubagize itsinda rya cappella, SHAKA cappella. 

Mu myaka ye mikuru, yakoze konte ya Instagram aho yashyize ibifuniko byindirimbo zitandukanye, harimo nindirimbo ya *Alight* ya PJ Morton . PJ Morton amaze gusubiramo igifuniko cye, yaje kuvugana na producer No ID ., wafatanije nawe gukora indirimbo ye ya mbere, *Nabonye* . 

Muri 2022, Ogi yasohoye Uumuzingo we wa mbere, *Monologues* .  Nkumuhanzi, yashyigikiye kandi afungura abahanzi nka Marias, Mahalia, Snoh Aalegra, na Paramore .    [   Mu 2022, Ogi yerekanye bwa mbere BET Awards yakinnye na "Nabonye", indirimbo ye ya mbere muri *Monologues* EP. 

## Ubuhanzi
Umuziki we wasobanuwe cyane nka R&amp;amp;B, hamwe na jazz na hip hop . Avuga kandi ko umuziki nyafurika wagize ingaruka ku njyana ye. 

## Ubucukumbuzi

### Imizingo y'indirimbo

## Reba
Tony Kofi

**Tony Kofi** ( wavutse kuya 10 Nyakanga 1966) ni umuririmbyi w'umwongereza munjyana ya Jazz sexaphonist n'umwirongi. Ayobora inyabutatu na quartet kandi ni umwe mu bashinze itsinda rya Monk Liberation Band.  Ubutatu bwe burimo umukaraza Winston Clifford na Hammond B3 n'umuyobozi Anders Olinder.  Kofi yasinye mu imitsinda ryihariye rya Jazz. Yatsindiye ibihembo bibiri bya BBC Jazz Awards : umucuranzi mwiza muri 2008 na Alubumu nziza muri 2005 muri Byose Birabizi .   Tony yinjiye muri Orchestre Grand Union mu 1998, iyobowe n’umuyobozi w’ubuhanzi Tony Haynes, kandi kuva icyo gihe yabaye umuhanzi ukomeye. Muri Gicurasi 2021, Kofi yagaragaye kuri Radiyo BBC 4 kugira ngo aganire ku mibereho ye ya mbere ndetse n’ibintu byahinduye ubuzima byatumye afata sekisafone.

## Ubuzima bwo hambere
Kofi yavukiye i Nottingham ku babyeyi ba Gana. Nyina yari umukunzi wa jazz kandi yari afite inyandiko nyinshi.

Yavutse akoresha akaboko k'ibumoso ariko ahatirwa n'umuryango we gukoresha ukuboko kwe kw'iburyo.

Kofi yari afite inzozi zo kuba umucuranzi ariko bamubwira ko bidashoboka. Kubera ko yari umuhanga mububaji ku ishuri, ibyo bikaba byaramuteye inzira yo kuba umwuga w'ububaji.

Afite imyaka 16, yakoraga nk'uwimenyereza umwuga mugihe agace gato kurubaho kamufashe kumwenda wukuboko akagwa hejuru yinzu. Yaguye avuga ko yiboneye icyerekezo gisobanutse cyubuzima bwe burambuye imbere ye, harimo ingendo, umuryango ndetse no gucuranga. Nyuma yo kugwa yari muri koma iminsi myinshi ariko mugihe cyakurikiyeho yaje gukira neza.

Kofi yakiriye amafaranga y'indishyi zo kugwa, maze amaylo 50 ayatakaza kuri sekisafone. Yabwiye ababyeyi be ko atazasubira ku kazi kandi ko azibanda cyane ku kwiyigisha gucuranga.

Ubwa mbere umuryango we ntiwabyemeye ariko yayikinaga buri munsi, nubwo bitotombeye urusaku rwa barumuna be batandatu. Amaze gutera imbere, ababyeyi be baza kumushyigikira kandi nyina amuha inyandiko zo kwigiraho.

Nyuma Kofi yize muri Berklee College of Music .

## Ubucukumbuzi k'umuziki

* *Yahimbye Umupadiri: Byose Birabizi* (Jazz yihariye, 2004)
* *Kazoza Karenganye* (Jazz yihariye, 2006)
* *Ukuri gucecetse* (Jazz yihariye, 2008)
* *Kubwurukundo rwa Ornette* hamwe na Jamaldeen Tacuma (Jazzwerkstatt, 2010)
* *Ingingo Yibanze* (Isosiyete Yumuziki Yanyuma, 2018)
* *Ubundi bwoko bwubugingo (Live)* (Isosiyete Yumuziki Yanyuma, 2020)

Inkomoko: 

## Reba
Saba (umuririmbyi)

**Anna Saba Lykke Oehlenschlæger** (; wavutse ku ya 11 Kanama 1997), uzwi cyane nka **Saba** (yandikwa mu nyuguti nkuru), ni umuririmbyi w’Umunyetiyopiya-Umunyadanishi, akaba anakina amafilime ya muzika ndetse anakora umwuga wo kumurika imideli. Mu mwaka wa 2024, yahagarariye Danemarke mu irushanwa rya Eurovision ahatanishijwe indirimbo ye **“Umusenyi”**, maze agera mu cyiciro cya nyuma cy’iryo rushanwa 

## Ubuzima bwo hambere
**Anna Saba** (amazina y’amavuko ni Saba Lykke Oehlenschlæger) n’uwasanganywe inda imwe **Andrea** (wavutse yitwa Sara) bavukiye i Addis Ababa ku ya **11 Kanama 1997**. Baje gutoranywa bakajyanwa mu miryango ibarera bafite amezi umunani, maze bakurira i Ringkøbing muri Danemarke kuva ku ya **10 Mata 1998**. Akiri umwana, Oehlenschlæger yakiniye ikipe y’umupira w’amaguru ya DBU Jutland.

## Umwuga

Nyuma yo kuva mu mashuri yisumbuye, Oehlenschlæger na mushiki we bimukiye i Copenhagen, batangira kuba umunyamideli na rwiyemezamirimo mu bicuruzwa byera amenyo, mu gihe mushiki we yakoraga umwuga wo kuririmba no gucuranga.  *]* , agitangira bwa mbere nkumukinnyi wa stade udasanzwe.   

Ku ya 25 Mutarama 2024, Saba yatangajwe nk'umwe mu bitabiriye , umukino wanyuma wigihugu cya Danemark kumarushanwa yindirimbo za Eurovision 2024, hamwe nindirimbo "Umusenyi". Yakomeje gutsinda umukino wa nyuma ku  Gashyantare 2024, abona uburenganzira bwo guhagararira Danemark mu marushanwa ari imbere.  Ku ya 29 Werurwe 2024, abinjira benshi barimo Saba, basohoye itangazo rihuriweho risaba "guhagarika imirwano bidatinze kandi birambye" muri Gaza, ndetse no "gutahuka mu buryo butekanye ingwate zose".  Saba yananiwe kwitabira imikino ya kimwe cya kabiri kirangiza ku ya 9 Gicurasi 2024, ashyira uwa 12 kuri 16 n'amanota 36.  

## Ubuzima bwite
Muri 2018, Oehlenschlæger bamusanganye indwara ya bipolar I maze ajyanwa mu bitaro inshuro nyinshi kugeza muri 2020, nk'uko yabisobanuye muri filime ya DR DR  2020 ( transl. 'Impanga yanjye yasaze' ).    Yitoje kandi kwigirira nabi mu myaka ye y'ubwangavu.  Ni ambasaderi w’ishyirahamwe ry’ihungabana rya Danemark. 

Oehlenschlæger yari afitanye umubano na Lærke-Maria Schmidt kuva muri 2020 kugeza muri 2023   

## Ubucukumbuzi

### Indirimbo ze bwite

## Reba
Kara Walker

**Kara Elizabeth Walker** (wavutse ku ya 26 Ugushyingo 1969) ni umunyamerika wo muri iki gihe ushushanya akoresheje amarangi, gucura ibyuma, umwanditsi, gutegura urubyiniro, umukinnyi wa firime, na mwarimu ukora ubushakashatsi ku moko, igitsina, ubuzima bw'imyororokere, urugomo, n’irangamuntu mu kazi ke. Azwi cyane nkuwakoze igishushanyo kinini kizwi kw'izina  tableaux yumukara ikoze mu mpapuro zishashagirana  nkibyuma. Walker yahawe igihembo cy'ubusabane cya MacArthur mu 1997, afite imyaka 28, aba umwe mu bakiri bato bahawe igihembo. Yabaye iicyitegererezo mu buhanzi bugaragara mu ishuri ry’ubuhanzi rya Mason Gross  kaminuza ya Rutgers kuva mu 

Walker afatwa nkumwe mu bahanzi bakomeye kandi bazwi cyane mu b'Abanyamerika b'Abirabura bagikora muri iki gihe.
Sagrada Família

Basilika ya Sagrada Família yubatswe hashingiwe ku gishushanyo mbonera cya Antoni Gaudí, ikirangirire mubwubatsi. Iherereye hagati mumujyi wa Barcelona, ikaba imaze imyaka irenga ijana iri kubakwa, kandi biteganyijwe ko iyi inyubako izarangira umwaka utaha.

## Imiterere
Basilika ya Sagrada Família ubu ifite uburebure bwa metero 162.91, ikaba iciye kunyubako y'urusengero rwo mu Budage rwitwa Ulm minster yari urusengero rurerure kuva mu 1890. 

Ulm Minster, ni urusengero rwa gikiristu rwubatswe hagati y'umwaka wa 1543 na 1890, ni rwo rwari rusanzwe rufite uwomwanya, rukaba rufite uburebure bwa metero 161.5. Ubu Sagrada Família yarurengejeho metero imwe, kuko ifite metero 162.91. 

## Amateka
Ibuye ryambere rya Sagrada Família ryashyizweho mu 1882.  

## Reba
Ramba Hills

Ramba Hills, ni umushinga w'ikigo Investment Africa Holdings Ltd, kibarizwa i Kigali, kikaba gifite ishami ryitwa Ramba Real Estate ari ryo rizaba ricunga ibikorwa bya Ramba Hills. 

Uyu mushinga wubakwa muri Gasabo, mu Murenge wa Kacyiru, hepfo y’Ibitaro bya King Faisal, hafi y’inzira ijya muri Vision City no ku kibuga cya Golf cya Kigali. Uteganyijwe kurangirana n’imyaka ine. 

## Imiterere
Ramba Hills izaba igizwe ninyubako ndende ebyiri n'izindi zizigaragiye ziringaniye, ubusitani bugari butaga amahumbezi, ubwogero rusange, parikingi nini,imihanda myinshi n'ibindi urebeye kugishushanyo mbonera. 

Mu gice cy’imbere hateganyijwe inzu 10 zigeretse rimwe zo guturamo, ziteganyijwe ku ruhande rureba ku Kibuga cya Golf cya Kigali. Zizaba zifite ubusitani bunini bwihariye ndetse n’imihanda inyuramo.

Ku rundi ruhande, hagiye kubakwa imiturirwa ibiri miremire, imwe ifite amagorofa 26 indi 24. Hegereye izo, hari izindi nyubako enye zindi z’amagorofa: imwe izaba ifite 16, indi 12, n’indi 10. Muri izo nyubako ebyiri ndende cyane, imwe izaba ikorerwamo n’ibiro, indi igenewe guturwamo. 

## Akamaro
Uyu mushinga uri mukiciro cyo kurushaho guhindura isura y'Umujyi wa Kigali, ariko n'imibereho y'abanyamujyi ikarushaho kuba myiza bigendanye no kubona ahantu hagezweho ho gutura no gukorera

## Reba
Visi perezida w'u Rwanda

**Visi Perezida w’u Rwanda** (Igifaransa: Visi-président rwandais, Kinyarwanda: visiperezida) yari umwanya wa politiki mu Rwanda washyiriweho Paul Kagame kuva muri Nyakanga 1994 kugeza muri Mata 2000.  Uyu mwanya wakuweho mu mwaka w'2000.

Uyu mwanya wabayeho no mu itegeko nshinga ry’u Rwanda kuva 1961 kugeza 1973.  Icyakora, uwo mwanya ntiwigeze ushyirwaho umuntu n'umwehagati ya 1961 na 1969. 

## Urutonde rwa ba visi perezida b'u Rwanda

## Reba
Primus Guma Guma Super Star

**Primus Guma Guma Super Star** mu mpine **PGGSS** ni Amarushanwa yabaga buri mwaka y'Abahanzi baririmba mu Rwanda . 

PGGSS yaterwaga inkunga na Primus lager ya Bralirwa, ariko aya marushanwa agategurwa na East African Promoters (EAP) akaba yarabaga mu rwego rwo gufasha Abahanzi no guteza imbere uruganda rw'umuziki mu Rwanda. Aho aya marushanwa atanira n'andi amenyerewe nka Tusker Project Fame cyangwa American Idol akunze gukoresha abahanzi baririmba batari bamenyekana, Primus Guma Guma Super Star yo itabirwaga n'Abahanzi bamaze kugira amazina akomeye mu Rwanda (nka Tom Close, Bruce Melodie, King James, Riderman, Dream Boys n'abandi.. bagahangana bagamije gutsindira amafaranga yateganyijwe nk'igihembo, bazenguruka igihugu bataramira abafana babo.

2013 ubwo yabaga ku nshuro ya 3, Aya marushanwa yaramaze gufata indi ntera akunzwe, yitezwe na benshi bakunda umuziki nyarwanda, aho abanyamakuru ndetse n’abasesengura mu myidagaduro mu Rwanda bashimiye Primus Bralirwa kuba yaranye igikorwa nk'iki kinini mu Rwanda.

2019 Mushyoma Joseph uzwi nka Boubou uyobora EAP yabwiye ikinyamakuru IGIHE ko iri rushanwa ritazongera kuba ndetse ko Bralirwa na East African Promoters (EAP) yabafashaga kuritegura bari kugirana ibiganiro byo gushaka ikindi gikorwa bafatanya gukora cyateza imbere abahanzi, nk'uko PGGSS yari imaze imyaka igera ku munani ibikora. ni nyuma y'uko Bruce Melodie ariwe muhanzi waruritsindiye muri 2018.

## Impaka
PGGSS yagiye igira impaka nyinshi nko mu mwaka wa 2013, havugwaga urutavugarumwe mu itangazamakuru bashinja Bralirwa ndetse na EAP babashinja kuba baribeshye bagatsindisha umuraperi Riderman atariwe warukwiriye gutsinda. 

## Abagiye batsinda

## Amashakiro
Urutonde rw'ubutumwa bwa diplomasi mu Rwanda

Uru ni **urutonde rw'ubutumwa bwa diplomasi mu Rwanda** . Umurwa mukuru Kigali kuri ubu ubarizwamo ambasade 44 na komisiyo nkuru.

## Inshingano za diplomasi muri Kigali

### Ambasade na Komisiyo Nkuru
Ibyanditswe byanditseho inyenyeri (*) ni ibihugu byibumbiye mu muryango wa Commonwealth . Ibyo bihugu nibyo ambassade zabyo zitwa  komisiyo nkuru cyangwa 'High Commission' mu rurimi rw'icyongerezarimi rw'icyongereza.

# Algeria
# Angola
# Brazil
# Burundi
# Canada*
# China
# Congo-Brazzaville
# Denmark*
# Egypt
# Ethiopia
# France
# Germany
# Gabon*
# Ghana*
# Guinea
# Holy See
# India*
# Israel
# Japan
# Kenya*
# Libya
# Luxembourg
# Mali
# Morocco
# Mozambique*
# Netherlands
# Nigeria*
# Pakistan*
# Poland
# Qatar
# Russia
# South Africa*
# South Korea
# Senegal
# Sudan
# Sweden
# Tanzania*
# Turkey
# Uganda*
# Ukraine
# United Arab Emirates
# United Kingdom*
# United States
# Zimbabwe

### Ubundi butumwa cyangwa intumwa

# European Union (Delegation)
# Hungary (Embassy office)
#  Switzerland (Cooperation office & consular agency)

## Ambasade zidatuye ariko zemewe mu Rwanda

### Izituye i Addis Abeba, muri Etiyopiya

# Armenia
# Azerbaijan
# Benin
# Djibouti
# Georgia
# Guinea-Bissau
# Lesotho
# Malta
# New Zealand
# Niger
# Portugal

### izituye i Dar es Salaam, muri Tanzaniya

# Finland
# Indonesia
# Malawi
# Namibia
# Norway
# Somalia
# Spain
# Vietnam
# Zambia

### izituye i Kampala, muri Uganda

# Cuba
# Iran
# Ireland
# Italy
# Saudi Arabia
# South Sudan
# Sahrawi Republic
# Venezuela

### Izituye i Nairobi, muri Kenya

# Argentina
# Australia
# Austria
# Bangladesh
# Barbados
# Botswana
# Burkina Faso
# Chile
# Colombia
# Czech Republic
# Cyprus
# Greece
# Hungary
# Jordan
# Kuwait
# Malaysia
# Mexico
# Oman
# Philippines
# Romania
# Serbia
# Sierra Leone
# Slovakia
# Sri Lanka
# Switzerland
# Thailand
# Tunisia

### Izituye i Pretoriya, Afurika y'Epfo

# Croatia
# Dominican Republic
# Madagascar
# Seychelles

### '''Izituye mu yindi mijyi'''

# Bahrain (Tunis)
# Cameroon (Kinshasa)
# Chad (Brazzaville)
# Equatorial Guinea (Brazzaville)
# Eswatini (Maputo)
# Gambia (Abuja)
# Ivory Coast (Kinshasa)
# Jamaica (Abuja)
# Mauritania (Khartoum)
#   Nepal (Cairo)
# Nicaragua (Harare)
# Singapore (Singapore)

## Reba kandi

* Umubano w’ububanyi n’amahanga bw'u Rwanda
* Urutonde rw'ubutumwa bwa diplomasi mu Rwanda
* Ibisabwa bya viza ku benegihugu b'u Rwanda

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga y’u Rwanda
Mereba

**Marian Azeb Mereba**, uzwi nka **Mereba**, ni umuhanzi w’Umunyamerika uririmba, ucuranga hip-hop, ukandika indirimbo, akaba anakora umuziki nk’umutunganya bwite. 

## Ubuzima bwambere nuburere
Mereba yavukiye i Montgomery, muri Alabama, akurira muri Pennsylvania. Se akomoka muri Etiyopiya.   Nyina ni Umunyamerika kandi yavukiye kandi akurira i Milwaukee, muri Wisconsin.  Umuryango we wimutse kenshi kubera akazi k'ababyeyi be nk'abarimu ba kaminuza. 

Mereba yabanje gukunda umuziki afite imyaka ine.  Yatangiye kwandika indirimbo mu mashuri abanza yiga gucuranga piyano na gitari.  Yize amashuri yisumbuye i Greensboro, muri Karoline y'Amajyaruguru .  

Mereba yize muri kaminuza ya Carnegie Mellon  mbere yo kwimukira muri Spelman College .   Yarangije muri Spelman mu 2011 afite impamyabumenyi y’icyongereza n’umwangavu muto. 

## Umwuga

### 2013–2017: ''Icyumba cyo Kubamo'', ''Radio Flyer'', n'umudugudu wa Spillage
Nyuma yimyaka itari mike akora ibitaramo muri muzika yindie muri Atlanta, Mereba yishyize ahagaragara umushinga we wa mbere wumuzingo w'indirimbo ngufi *Icyumba cyo Kubamo*, ku izina rye ryuzuye, ku ya 14 Gashyantare 2013. 

### 2018–2019, 2021: ''Ishyamba ninzira yonyine yo gusohoka'' & "Glock Peaceful"
Mu mwaka wa 2018, Mereba yasinyanye na Interscope Records,   " ahita asohora indirimbo *Ikamyo* *Yirabura* " na "Umubumbe    .

Ku ya 13 Ukuboza 2021, Mereba yasohoye "Glock Peaceful", iteganya igihugu kitarangwamo ihohoterwa rikorerwa imbunda n'ubugome bwa polisi.  Indirimbo yagaragaye kuri saison 5 yikiganiro *Umutekano muke* wakozwe na Issa Rae kuri HBO Max. 

### 2024-ubungubu: ''Umuyaga watwitse umuriro''
Mu Kwakira 2024, byatangajwe ko Mereba yasinyanye amasezerano n’umunyakanada rwihishwa, asohora indirimbo "Impimbano", yabaye iyambere muri alubumu ye ya kabiri *yitwa The Breeze Grew a Fire ,* yasohotse ku ya 14 Gashyantare 2025. 

## Ingaruka
Mereba yavuze ko Stevie Wonder nk'umujyanama ndetse n'umuziki ukomeye.   Muri 2017, yakinnye hamwe na Wonder muri Malibu. 

## Ubucukumbuzi

### Album za studio

### Imizingo migufi

### Indirimbo ze bwite

### Indirimbo yatumiwemo

## Reba
Egiputa Mu Mikino yabafite ubumuga bwo Kutumva

**Igihugu cya Misiri** yatangiye kwitabira imikino ya Deaflympics mu 2013. Uwo mwaka ni na wo yabonye umudari wayo wa mbere w’abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva, ubwo ikipe y’igihugu y’umupira w’amaguru yegukanaga umudari wa bronze. 2017 Mu mpeshyi    Egiputa ntabwo yigeze yitabira Itumba ryiryo rushanwa Deathlympics .

## Imidari

### Impeshyi ya Deaflympics

### Imidari muri buri birori by'imikino

## Reba kandi

* AA muri Paralympique
* Misiri mu mikino Olempike

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* 2017 Abadafite ubumuga bwo kutumva
Itorero Garukurebe

Itorero Garukurebe ni itorero ry'umuco rikorera mu Karere ka Rwamagana mu Buganza. Ni itorero ryatangijwe hagamijwe **gukuza no kubungabunga umuco nyarwanda**, cyane cyane **imbyino n'indirimbo gakondo**.Itorero Garukurebe ryashinzwe mu mwaka wa 1982.rikaba ryarashinzwe na MUKAMPUNGA Janviere. Itorero Garukurebe  Kugeza ubu rigizwe n’ibyiciro bitatu birimo abana bakiri bato, icy’urubyiruko ndetse n’abakuze barimo abakecuru n’abasaza. Abanyamuryango baryo bose barimo n’ab’icyubahiro bagera ku 101. 

### Ibikorwa by'itorero Garukurebe

* **Imbyino gakondo**: Itorero Garukurebe rizwi cyane mu kuzamura **imbyino za kinyarwanda**, aho abaryitabira baba biga **imbyino ziteye amabengeza** kandi zifite agaciro mu muco nyarwanda. Izi mbyino zishishikariza abakiri bato gukunda umuco wabo no kuwubungabunga.
* **Indirimbo z'umuco**: Itorero rikorwa indirimbo zishingiye ku muco, kandi riririmba ku buzima bwa kera, ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda, ubutwari, n’indangagaciro za kinyarwanda.

* **Uburezi bw'umuco**: Itorero Garukurebe rikorera abana, urubyiruko n’abakuze, rikabigisha gukunda igihugu, kubaha abakuru, no kubungabunga umuco.   
* Mu mwaka wa 2003, ubwo Perezida Kagame yasuraga iyahoze ari Intara ya Kibungo, Itorero Garukurebe, mu nganzo gakondo y’umuco nyarwanda, ryasusurukije ibirori mu buryo bw’akataraboneka, ku buryo byashimishije umukuru w’igihugu ndetse n’imbaga y’abaturage yari yaje kumwakira .                                                                                                                                       Icyo gihe, uwari Perefe wa Kibungo, Amb. James Kimonyo, yagejeje kuri Perezida wa Repubulika icyifuzo cy’Itorero Garukurebe cy’uko rikeneye inyoroshyangendo, maze Perezida Kagame asubiza atazuyaje ko azayibagenera.                                                Mu mwaka wa **2015**, **Perezida Kagame** yatangiye gutanga inkunga y’imodoka ku itorero Garukurebe, ibyo bikaba byaratumye rigira ubushobozi bwo gutanga amasomo y'umuco, kurushaho kwagura ibikorwa byaryo no gufasha mu kubungabunga no gusakaza imico n'indangagaciro z'Abanyarwanda.
Abanyagitugu b'Afurika

Ubuyobozi bw'igitugu ni uburyo bw'imiyoborere burangwa no gukoresha imbaraga no kutumvikana n'abo uyobora, aho umuyobozi cyangwa itsinda ry'abayobozi bafata ibyemezo bonyine, kandi bakirengagiza uburenganzira n'ibyifuzo by'abaturage.

### Ibiranga ubuyobozi bw'igitugu:

* Gufata ibyemezo bya nyamwigendaho.
* Kwirengagiza amategeko n'uburenganzira bwa muntu.
* Gukoresha imbaraga no gutera ubwoba.
* Kubuza itangazamakuru n'abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi kuvuga ukuri no kunenga
* Kutagira ubumwe n'ubworoherane
* Gushyira imbere inyungu z'ubuyobozi kuruta iz'abaturage.

### Bamwe mu bategetsi b'abanyagitugu mu mateka y'Afurika.

# **Idi Amin Dada:** yavutse mu 1928 i Koboko, muri Protegitora ya Uganda, yari umunyapolitiki wo muri Uganda wategetse hagati ya 1971-1979. Yinjiye mu gisirikare cy'abakoloni cy'Abongereza mu 1946 kandi agira uruhare mu bikorwa by'Abongereza byibasiye abarwanyi ba Shifta muri Somaliya n'inyeshyamba za Mua Mua muri Kenya. Nyuma y'imyaka icyenda y'ubwigenge bwa Uganda mu 1962, Amin yayoboye ihirikwa rya perezida wa mbere wa Uganda, Milton Obote, maze atangaza ko ari perezida.
# **Colonel Muammar Daddafi:** Muammar Kadhafi bakunze kwita Koloneli Kdhafi yari umunyapolitiki w'impinduramatwara muri Libiya akaba ana perezida wategekaga iki gihugu cya Afurika y'Amajyeruguru kuva 1969 kugeza 2011, igihe yicwaga. N'ubwo yamamaye cyane kubera imyifatire ye yo kurwanya imperialiste no gushyigikira ubumwe bw'Abarabu n'Afurika, Kadhafi yashinjwaga kandi gutegekesha igitugu, ruswa, no guhohotera uburenganzira bwa muntu.
# **Mobutu Sese Seko:** yavutse yitwa Joseph-Desire Mobutu mu 1930 i Lisala, mu cyahoze ari Kongo-Mbiligi, yari umusirikare w'umunyagitugu akaba na perezida wa Zaire kuri ubu ni Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Ku ngoma ye, Mobutu yakoresheje amayeri y'igitugu kugira ngo anige amajwi y'abatavuga rumwe nawe, yikwiza ubutunzi bwinshi ku giti cye, kandi agerageza gusubiza igihugu mu muco w'abakoloni, mu gihe yari ashyigikiwe cyane n'Amerika, yarwanyaga abakomunisiti.

## Amashakiro: