Cinema of Botswana

Amateka ya **Sinema ya Botswana** (cyangwa **sinema muri Botswana** ) agizwe no gukora film mu gihugu cya Botswana muri Afrika yepfo, haba mbere na nyuma ya Botswana . Sinema ya Botswana ni imwe muri sinema nyinshi zo muri Afurika zirimo na sinema z'igihugu cya Bénin, Misiri, Kenya, Nijeriya na Afurika y'Epfo, n'ibindi.

Inganda za firime zaho muri Botswana ziswe "Botswood" na bamwe,  bisa nuburyo uruganda rwamafirime rwitwa "Bollywood ", umunya Nigeriya " Nollywood ", naho umunyamerika " Hollywood ".

## Amateka ya mbere
Nk’uko umuhanga mu by'amateka Neil Parsons abivuga, kopi ya mbere izwiho kurokoka ya firime yanditswe muri Botswana guhera mu 1906 na 1907.  Ku bwe, isosiyete ikorera mu mujyi wa Londere mu Bwongereza ifitwe n’umugabo witwa Charlie Urban yohereje kamera kugira ngo bafate amashusho yerekeranye n’urugendo rwa gari ya moshi ya Bechuanaland i Victoria Falls, urugendo rwa gari ya moshi rwanyuze mu karere k’igihugu cya Botswana muri iki gihe. Umunyamerika witwa Rudolf Pöch ukomoka muri Otirishiya yaje kuza akora urukurikirane rwa firime ngufi mu gihugu cya Afurika, cyarimo amajwi n'amabara kandi kigaragaza umusaza w'imyaka mirongo itandatu, Kubi . Parsons yafataga Kubi "umustar wa mbere wa Botswana". 

Mu 1912, Umunyamerika uzwi ku izina rya W. Butcher yabonye uruhushya rwo kujya mu burasirazuba bwa Botswana gufata amashusho y'urugendo rw'abasirikare ba Bangwato; ibi byabereye mu mujyi wa Serowe .  Kuva mu Ntambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose kugeza mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, ibihangano bya firime bya Botswana byiganjemo documentaire zivuga ku baturage bo mu karere ka Botswana y'iburengerazuba ndetse n'amakuru yerekeye ibintu bibera mu burasirazuba.

Bivugwa ko, Umukinnyi wa mbere wa Filime ukomoka muri Botswana yari umugabo witwa Molefi Pilane,  umuturage waho, umutware w’amoko bivugwa ko yanditse abagore boga bakoresheje kamera ntoya. Umugore uzwi ku izina rya "Miss Muichison" yafashe amashusho yerekana amasaha agera kuri abiri, asobanura imikorere ya African Auxiliary Pioneers Corps ; ibice bibiri bizwi ko bizarokoka naho icya gatatu gikekwa ko kiriho muri Botswana. 

Filime yitwa Bechuanaland Protectorate yakozwe mu gihe cy'Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose kandi ikaba ifitanye isano n'abasirikare ba APC basubiye mu rugo baturutse muri  Afurika y'Amajyaruguru nyuma yo gutsinda urugendo rwo gusubira muri Botswana. Muri firime hagaragaramo umutware wimiryango Bathoen II .

Umukinnyi wa firime muri Afurika y'Epfo , Bill Lewis yaje mu karere ka Botswana mu 1947 gufata amashusho y’uruzinduko rwa cyami mu murima abasirikare ba APC bari.  Umunyamerika Tom Larson nawe yaje mu mpera za 1940; yafashe amashusho ya documentaire ebyiri, imwe yiswe " Abakora imvura ya Okavango " yasohotse mu 1948. 

## 1950 kugeza 1960
Umunyapolitiki waho, uzaba Perezida wa mbere wa Botswana Seretse Khama Umwirabura, yashakanye na Ruth Williams Khama, Umuzungu ukomoka mu Bwongereza, mu 1948, bituma Botswana yitabwaho n’amahanga kubera amategeko ya Apartheid yo mu karere; ibi byatumye amasosiyete menshi atunganya firime akora movietone reels kubashakanye. Ibigo byafashe amashusho biranga Paramount Pictures hamwe namakuru yisi yose .  Filime zerekeye aba couple zakomeje gukorwa neza nyuma yo kuva muri Botswana gutura mubuhungiro.

1953 yabonye umusaruro " Remmants mu isiganwa badapfuye ", yakozwe na Molepolole utuye Louis Knobel, a White umuntu wakoraga kuko Afurika y'Epfo Serivisi z'amakuru . Iyi filime irambuye ubuzima bwabaturage ba San batuye mubutayu bwa Kalahari, burimo igice cya Botswana. Yakozwe munsi yizina rya "Kalahari Films" kandi imara iminota 17. 

" Abahigi ", filime yo mu 1957 yakozwe n’umunyamerika John Marshall na yo yerekanaga ku bantu batuye i Kalahari, kimwe n’ikiganiro cya BBC, " Isi Yatakaye ya Kalahari ", cyerekanwe naLaurens van der Post wakiriye Afurika y'Epfo.

Igitaramo cyo muri Amerika " Mugenzi wa Omaha's Wild Kingdom " nacyo cyaje gukina amashusho hirya no hino muri Botswana mu myaka ya za 1960. 

Botswana yabonye ubwigenge mu 1966,  izana impinduka muri politiki, imibereho myiza n’umuco muri ako karere, harimo n’uburyo amafilime yakozwe ndetse akanatezwa imbere mu gihugu gishya cya Afurika.

## Amateka ya vuba
Mu 1980, John Marshall yafashe amashusho yandi mashusho menshi ya Botswana ajyanye na Botswana, " Nǃai, Inkuru y Umugore wumugore ", kubyerekeye urugamba rwa a ! Umugore wa Kung, N! Ai, washakanye ku gahato afite imyaka umunani n'umuvuzi wimiryango.

Urwenya rwo mu 1981, "The Gods Must Be Crazy " rwashyizwe muri Botswana maze ruba icyamamare mpuzamahanga; ryakwirakwije umwe mu bakozi batatu ndetse n’ibice bitatu bitemewe: 1988 " The Gods Must Be Crazy II " nayo yakunzwe cyane, filime zombi zituma umukinnyi wa Namibiya Nǃxau ǂToma azwi cyane muri firime, naho " Crazy Safari " yo mu 1991 niyo yambere mubikurikiranye bitatu bitemewe. byakozwe na societe ya firime ikorera muri Hong Kong yitwa Orange Sky Golden Harvest, nayo yakinnye na Nǃxau ǂToma. Abandi bombi ba nyuma, "Umusazi muri Hong Kong" (1993) na "Imana igomba gusetsa mubushinwa" (1995) ntabwo bafatiwe amashusho muri Botswana.

2000 yakozwe na Disney""Whispers: An Elephant's Tale " yafatiwe amashusho muri Botswana, yakinwe na Angela Bassett wamamaye muri Hollywood. Nyuma yaho, muri 2009, muri Botswana ibice bya firime ya M. Saravanan yo mu rurimi rwa Tamil, " Ayan (film) " byafashwe amajwi.

"Ubwongereza " bwamamaye cyane, buvuga ku nkuru y'urukundo nyarwo rwa Seretse Khama na Ruth Williams, yafashwe amashusho igice hagati ya Botswana na London, Ubwongereza maze isohoka ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu 2016.

## Amasosiyete ya sinema
Botswana ifite amasosiyete menshi ya sinema na sinema, harimo na New Capitol Cinemas  na Gaborone Cine Centre . 

## references