open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ibimera byugarijwe no gushiraho muri Afurika yo hagati

Kimwe cya gatatu cy'ibimera byo mu karere k'Afurika yo hagati biri gukendera bishiraho, nkuko bikubiye mu bushakashatsi bushya.

## Ibyo Wamenya

Igice kinini cy'uburasirazuba bw'Afurika, Ethiopia, ndetse n'ibice bimwe bya Tanzania n'ibya Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Kongo ni byo byugarijwe bikomeye, bishobora gutakaza ibirenga 40% by'ibimera.Bimwe mu bimera byugarijwe no gushiraho harimo ibiti, ibyatsi ndetse n'ibyo mu muryango umwe n'imizabibu.Ibyo byago byo gushiraho kw'ibimera biterwa n'ibirimo; itemwa ry'amashyamba, kwiyongera kw'abaturage ndetse n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere, nkuko abahanga muri siyansi babivuga.Thomas Couvreur wo mu kigo cy'Ubufaransa cy'iterambere rirambye akaba ari na we wayoboye itsinda ryakoze ubu bushakashatsi,yagize ati:"Urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima rutanga ibyiza bitabarika ku bantu kandi kubura urwo rusobe bishyize mu kaga ejo hazaza hacu".Yongeyeho ko ibura ry'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima rizaba ikibazo cy'umwihariko mu karere k'Afurika yo hagati.Ati: "Ni akarere karimo urusobe rutangaje rw'ibinyabuzima ariko gafite ingorane zikomeye mu mibereho y'abantu na politiki kandi kitezwemo kwiyongera kwihuse kw'abaturage mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo iri imbere".

## Icyo Ubushakashatsi bwabonye
Ibyavuye m'ubushakashatsi, byatangajwe mu kinyamakuru cy'ubushakashatsi muri siyansi cya *Science Advances*, byagezweho hagendewe ku buryo bwavuguruwe bwo kugenzura ibyago byo gushiraho.Ubusanzwe amagenzura y'ibimera n'ibisimba byugarijwe no gushiraho atangazwa ku rutonde ruzwi nka *The Red List of Threatened Species.*Urwo rutonde rutangazwa n'ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga ryo kubungabunga ibidukikije ruzwi mu Cyongereza nka *International Union for Conservation of Nature* (IUCN).Kugeza ubu, hafi inyamabere icyenda muri buri nyamabere 10. na 2/3 by'inyoni byaragenzuwe.Ariko ibitagera ku 8% by'ibimera (indabo n'ibindi bimera, ukuyemo urubobi ('mousses') na 'algues') ni byo bimaze kugenzurwa.Abashakashatsi bakoresheje uburyo busa ariko bwihuse kurushaho mu kugenzura ibyago byo gushiraho ku moko y'ibimera arenga 20,000.Basanze 33% by'amoko y'ibimera ashobora kuzibasirwa no gushiraho, naho ibindi bingana na kimwe cya gatatu bikaba imbonekarimwe, bikaba byazugarizwa no gushiraho mu gihe cya vuba kiri imbere.Bavuga ko biterwa ahanini n'ibikorwa bya muntu birimo nko gutema amashyamba, impinduka mu mikoreshereze y'ubutaka, ubwiyongere bw'abaturage, iterambere mu bukungu n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere.

## Amashakiro
Umugezi wa Rurubu

**Umugezi wa Ruvubu** (witwa **Rurubu** na **Ruvuvu** ) ni uruzi rwo muri Afurika rwagati amazi yawo akusanyiriza mu gice cya kure, mu majyepfo y'ikibaya cya Nili . Uburebure bwa kilometero 416 kandi ifite ikibaya cya mazi ya kilometero 14,000. Irazamuka mu majyaruguru yu Burundi, hafi y’umujyi wa Kayanza hanyuma ikora umukororroba hepfo yerekeza mu Burundi, igahuzwa n’umugezi wa Ruvyironza hafi ya Gitega . Kuva aho, unyura mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba, unyuze muri parike y'igihugu ya Ruvubu, kugera ku mupaka wa Tanzaniya . Nyuma yo kwambuka umupaka, Ruvubu yambuka neza muri Tanzaniya, mbere yo kwinjira mu ruzi rwa Nyabarongo ku mupaka wa Tanzaniya - u Rwanda hafi y’isumo rya Rusumo, kugira ngo agire uruzi rwa Kagera .

Ruvubu yakuye izina ryayo mu ijambo rya Kirundi risobanura imvubu, imvubu, kubera ko uruzi rutuwe n'abaturage benshi b'imvubu.
Umugezi wa Ruvyironza

**Umugezi wa Ruvyironza (cyangwa Luvironza)** ni uruzi ruri Afurika abantu bamwe babona ko ari isoko ya kure ya Nili,  uruzi rurerure ku isi. Irazamuka ku musozi wa Kikizi mu Burundi, ikanyura hejuru yu mugezi wa Rurubu mu ruzi rwa Kagera muri Tanzaniya,  hanyuma ukahava ujya mu kiyaga cya Victoriya . Hamwe n'uburebure bwa kilometero 182.4 . 

## Reba
Umugezi wa Akanyaru

Umugezi **wa Akanyaru ni uruzi** runini ruturuka kugezi wa Nyabarongo . Irazamuka mu misozi miremire yo mu burengerazuba bw'u Rwanda,  n' Uburundi, itemba iburasirazuba hanyuma ikerekeza mu majyaruguru ku mupaka uhuza ibyo bihugu mbere yo kwinjira mu ruzi rwa Nyabarongo. Kurambura hepfo birimo ibishanga byingenzi ariko bidakingiwe, bibangamiwe nibikorwa byabantu.

## Amasomo

Umugezi wa Mugere, amazi akomeye yo mu mutwe, uzamuka ku butumburuke bwa metero 2,450 mu Burundi. Uruzi rufite amasoko agera kuri metero 2,300  ubutumburuke mu majyepfo yu Rwanda. Benshi mu mibande yinzuzi ndende zinizwe na papirusi, irimo amashyamba y'ibishanga ibihe. [1] Igice cyo hejuru cyuruzi gifite ubuso bungana na metero 2,650  . [2] hepfo yuruzi ni umukandara wibishanga bihoraho nka kilometero 7 ubugari burangirira aho bugera ku ruzi rwa Nyabarongo. Muri iyi kilometro 80  kurambura ibitonyanga byinzuzi kuva ku butumburuke bwa 1,465  kugeza kuri metero 1,400 . Umukandara w'igishanga ugaburirwa iburyo n'ibiyaga Cyohoha y'Amajyaruguru na Cyohoha y'Amajyepfo . [1] Uruhande rw'Uburundi rw'umukandara w'igishanga rufite hegitari zigera ku 14,600  z'igishanga gihoraho ku 63 kurambura uruzi, hamwe nigishanga kigera 6 to 10  hejuru y'ibibaya by'inzuzi. [3]

## Ikirere
Igice cyo hejuru cyikibaya cyinzuzi gifite impuzandengo yimvura igera kuri 1,200  . [2] cy'imvura igereranijwe buri mwaka mu bishanga ni 800  . [4] cy’u Rwanda kigenwa, ikora ibihe bibiri by'imvura. Imwe ikomeza hagati ya Nzeri kugeza hagati Ukuboza naho indi kuva muri Werurwe kugeza Gicurasi. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe irashobora kongera ubukana bw’umwuzure n’amapfa. [5] Mu gice cya 1997 kugera 98  Nino igice kinini cy’ibihingwa by’ubuhinzi mu bishanga no mu bishanga byo mu kibaya cy’umugezi wa Nyabarongo na Akanyaru byarasenyutse. [6]

## Flora

## Fauna

## Reba

### Imirongo

### Inkomoko
Ikiyaga cya Tanganyika

**Ikiyaga cya Tanganyika**   ni Ikiyaga kinini cyo muri Afurika .  Nicyo kiyaga cya kabiri cya mazi meza yamazi meza ku isi, icya kabiri kinini mu bunini, mu bihe byose nyuma yi kiyaga cya Bayikale muri Siberiya .   Nicyo kiyaga kirekire cyane ku isi.  Ikiyaga gisangiwe mu bihugu bine Tanzaniya, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo , u Burundi, na Zambiya, hamwe na Tanzaniya gifite 46 ku ijana na cong ho  40 ku ijana bifite igice kinini cy'ikiyaga. Itemba muri sisitemu yu mugezi wa congo hanyuma amaherezo ikagera mu nyanja ya Atalantika .

## Etymology
"Tanganika" ni ryo zina ry'ikiyaga Henry Morton Stanley yahuye nacyo igihe yari i Ujiji mu 1876. Iri zina ryatangiriye ku rurimi rwa Bembe bageze mu majyepfo ya Kivu ahagana mu kinyejana cya 7, bavumbuye ikiyaga batangira kukita "êtanga 'ya'ni'â" bisobanura "uruzi runini" mu rurimi rwabo rwa Bantu . Stanley yasanze kandi andi mazina yikiyaga mumoko atandukanye, nka Kimana, Yemba na Msaga.

Umugezi munini utemba mu kiyaga ni uruzi rwa Ruzizi, rwashinzwe hashize imyaka igera ku 10,000, rwinjira mu majyaruguru y'ikiyaga kuva ku kiyaga cya Kivu .  Umugezi wa Malagarasi, uruzi rwa kabiri runini rwa Tanzaniya, rwinjira mu burasirazuba bw'ikiyaga cya Tanganyika.  Malagarasi ishaje kuruta ikiyaga cya Tanganyika, kandi mbere yuko ikiyaga kiba, birashoboka ko cyari amazi y’umugezi wa Lualaba, umugezi mukuru wa Kongo. 

Bikekwa ko *Homo sapiens yo* hambere yagize uruhare mukarere mugihe cyibuye . Igihe cyigihe cyo hagati cyibuye cyo hagati kugeza igihe cyibuye cyasobanuwe nkigihe cyabahiga bateye imbere. Bizera ko bari kugira  byateye megafaunal kuzimangana.
Umugezi wa Malagarasi

**Umugezi wa Malagarasi** ni uruzi ruri mu burengerazuba bwa Tanzaniya, runyura mu karere ka Kigoma, nubwo rumena mu ruzi rwarwo ruva mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bw' Uburundi . Uruzi rugizwe kandi n’umupaka w’iburengerazuba w’akarere ka Tabora, umupaka w’ amajyepfo w’a karere ka Kagera  n’umupaka w’ amajyepfo ashyira uburengerazuba bw’akarere ka Geyita . Ni uruzi rwa kabiri rurerure muri Tanzaniya inyuma ya Rufiji, kandi rufite amazi menshi mu ruzi urwo ari rwo rwose rutemba mu kiyaga cya Tanganyika .  **Ibishanga bya Malagarasi Muyovozi** ni ikibanza cyagenwe. Amoko yaho yise Malagarasi "uruzi rwimyuka mibi.

## Ubumenyi bw'isi

Malagarasi ni uruzi rwa kabiri rurerure muri Tanzaniya, kuri kilometero 475  .  

Inkomoko y'uruzi iri hafi y'umupaka wa Tanzaniya n'Uburundi.  80 kilometres (50 mi) y'umugezi ugize imbibi mpuzamahanga hagati ya Tanzaniya n'Uburundi . Inzuzi nyinshi ziva mu misozi miremire y'Uburundi zifatanya na banki yacyo iburyo. Nyuma yo guhurira n'umugezi wa Lumpungu, Malagarasi yinjira muri Tanzaniya, ikora uruziga maze isuka mu burasirazuba bw'ikiyaga cya Tanganyika nko ku metero 25  mu majyepfo ya Kigoma, hafi ya Ilagala .  Nimwe mumigezi yambere yinjira. Umugezi wa Moyowosi ni uruzi runini, hamwe n'umugezi wa Nikongo ukize ;  izindi nzuzi zirimo uruzi rwa Ugalla, uruzi rwa Gombe, uruzi rwa Ruchugi, uruzi rwa Lumpungu,  n'umugezi wa Nguya . Irangwa nkumugezi muto,  kandi amazi yacyo arimo biotopi enye: ahantu h'ibishanga, imigezi yinzuzi, uruzi rutemba rufite umuvuduko muke, hamwe na delta nini ifite amashami abiri. 

### Amazi

## Amateka

## Reba
Urutonde rw'inzuzi z'Uburundi

Uru ni **urutonde rwi nzuzi ziri mu Burundi,** Uru rutonde rwi bice byateguwe ni bibaya by'amazi, hamwe ni nzuzi zihari. 

## Inyanja ya Mediterane

* *Nili*
** *Nili Yera*
*** *Victoria Nile (Uganda)*
**** Ikiyaga cya Victoria
***** Umugezi wa Kagera
****** Umugezi wa Ruvubu
******* Umugezi wa Ruvyironza
****** Umugezi wa Nyabarongo
******* Umugezi wa Kanyaru

## Inyanja ya Atalantika

* *Umugezi wa Kongo (Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo)*
** *Umugezi wa Lualaba (Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo)*
*** *Umugezi wa Lukuga (Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo)*
**** Ikiyaga cya Tanganyika
***** Umugezi wa Malagarasi (Umugezi wa Muragarazi)
****** Umugezi wa Moyowosi
****** Rumpungu River
***** Umugezi wa Mulembwé
****** Umugezi wa Jiji
***** Ruzizi River
****** Ruhwa River

## Reba
Umurenge sacco

Umurenge Sacco ni ishyirahamwe rishyirwaho n'itsinda runaka ryábantu bafite icyo bahuriyeho kugirango babashe kwizigamira no kugurizanya bakishyura barengejeho inyungu bemeranyijweho 

## Amateka y'umurenge Sacco
nk'uko byatangajwe n'ikigo cy[igihugu gishinzwe amakoperative, umurenge ni ikigo cy[imari cyashyizweho na Leta y'u Rwanda kugirango ikibazo cy'uko abagera kuri 52% batari bafite ibigo by'imari bakorana nabyo 

## Amshakiro
Umugezi wa Congo

**Umugezi wa Congo**, ahahoze hitwa kandi ku **mugezi wa Zayire**, ni uruzi rwa kabiri rurerure muri Afurika, rugufi kuruta Nili, ndetse nu mugezi wa kabiri munini ku isi ukurikije ubwinshi bw’amazi, ukurikira Amazone gusa. Ninzuzi zimbitse ku isi, zifite uburebure bwa metero 219.5.  Gahunda ya Congo Lualaba   ifite uburebure bwa kolometero  4,700, ituma iba umugezi wa cyenda muremure kwisi. Chambeshi ni uruzi rw'umugezi wa Lualaba, naho *Lualaba* ni izina ry'umugezi wa Congo hejuru y’isumo rya Boyoma, rikagera kuri kolometero 1,800. .

Upimiye hamwe na Lualaba, uruzi runini, uruzi rwa congo rufite uburebure bwa kilometero 4,370. Ninzuzi nini yonyine yambuka Ekwateri kabiri.  Ikibaya cya Kongo gifite ubuso bungana na 4,000,000 km  , cyangwa 13% by'ubutaka bwose bwa Afurika.

## Izina
Izina *Congo* rikomoka mu Bwami bwa Kongo rimwe riherereye ku nkombe y'amajyepfo y'uruzi. Ubwami nabwo bwitiriwe abasangwabutaka Bantu Kongo, bazwi mu kinyejana cya 17 nka "Esikongo".  Amajyepfo y'Ubwami bwa Kongo hakwiye gushyirwaho ubwami bwa Kakongo, bwavuzwe mu 1535. Abraham Ortelius yanditseho "Manicongo" nk'umujyi uri ku nkombe z'umugezi ku ikarita ye y'isi yo mu 1564.  Amazina yimiryango muri *Kongo* birashoboka ko yakomotse kumagambo yo guteranira hamwe cyangwa guterana kwimiryango. Izina rya kijyambere ryabaturage ba Kongo cyangwa *Bakongo* ryatangijwe mu ntangiriro yikinyejana cya 20. 

## Ikibaya n'amasomo

Ikibaya cy'amazi cya congo gifite kilometero  4,014,500,  agace kanini kuruta Ubuhinde . Kongo isohoka mu kanwa kayo iri hagati ya 23,000 to 75,000 m  , ugereranije ni 41,000 m   .  Uruzi rutwara buri mwaka toni miliyoni 86 zubutaka bwahagaritswe mu nyanja ya Atalantika hamwe n’inyongera ya 6 ku ijana yuburiri . 

**Kongo yo hepfo** (uruzi rwi nzuzi kugera Kinshasa ) Hasi ya Kinshasa, kuva kumugezi wa Banana, hari imigezi minini.

**Hagati ya Kongo** ( Kinshasa kugera ku Isumo rya Boyoma )

* Kwa-Kassai (ibumoso)
** Fimi
*** Lukenie
** Kwango
*** Kwilu
** Sankuru
* Alima (iburyo)
* Likouala - Mossaka (iburyo)
* Sangha (iburyo)
** Kadéï (570 km, 41.000 km², 466 m³ / s)
* Ubangi (iburyo)
** Mbomou
** Uele
* Tshuapa cyangwa Ruki (ibumoso)
* Lulonga (ibumoso)
** Lopori
** Maringa
* Mongala (iburyo)
* Itimbiri (iburyo)
* Aruwimi (iburyo)
* Lomami (ibumoso)
* Lindi (iburyo)

## Akamaro k'ubukungu

## Reba

## Inkomoko rusange

*  
* Forbath, Peter (1979). *The River Congo: The Discovery, Exploration and Exploitation of the World's Most Dramatic River*. New York: E. P. Dutton,.  ISBN&nbsp;.

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Umushinga Wihishe Urugendo rwa Royal Geography Society :
** Umugezi wa Kongo
** Amashusho yerekana amajwi: Uruzi rwa Kongo: Gukurikiza inzira ya Sir Henry Morton Stanley - Tim Butcher avuga urugendo rwe muri Kongo mu nzira y’umushakashatsi wo mu kinyejana cya 19 Sir Henry Morgan Stanley.
* Bibliografiya ku mutungo w'amazi n'Isomero mpuzamahanga ry'amahoro Isomero
* Ikarita yikibaya cyumugezi wa congo kumutungo wamazi eAtlas
* Umushinga wa Kongo, *Inzu Ndangamurage y’amateka Kamere y'Abanyamerika*
Umugezi wa Luama

**Umugezi wa Luama** ni uruzi rwu mugezi wa Luwalaba muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo .

## Aho biherereye
Luwama yazamutse mu misozi yi burengerazuba bwi kiyaga cya Tanganyika, mu Ntara ya Kalemie yo mu Karere ka Tanganyika . Itemba mu majyaruguru no mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba mu gace ka Kabambare muri Maniyema, hanyuma igana mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba, yinjira i Lualaba hejuru ya Kasongo . Uruzi rufite amasoko atanu ku misozi, abiri muri yo akaba ari [1] ya 2,000 mu butumburuke. Uturere tw’amazi yo mu majyepfo ya Pene Mende harimo gahunda y’ibishanga nko muri 130 mu burebure no kuri 60,000    . Munsi yibi bishanga uruzi rutemba rutemba rutatu kandi rurimo rapide nkeya. Luama yinjira muri Lualaba uhereye iburasirazuba nyuma ya rapide munsi ya Kangolo na mbere gato yuko Lualaba ihindukira mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba mu burebure hejuru ya Kibombo . [2]

Umugezi wa Luama usobanura imbibi z’amajyepfo y’ingagi z’iburasirazuba, zihana imbibi n’umugezi wa Lualaba mu burengerazuba, ibice bya Albertine mu burasirazuba n’umugezi wa Lindi mu majyaruguru. [3]

## Ubushakashatsi bwiburayi
Intambara y'Abarabu muri Leta y'Ubuntu ya Kongo yashojwe n'intsinzi na *Force Publique* iyobowe na Dhanis na Pnthier ku ruzi rwa Luama ku ya 20 Ukwakira 1893. [6]

## Reba

## Inkomoko
Umugezi wa Lualaba

**Umugezi wa Lualaba** utemba mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo . Itanga imigezi minini ku ruzi rwa Kongo, mu gihe isoko ya Kongo izwi nka Chambeshi . Luwalaba ni kilometero 1,800 z'uburebure. Amazi yacyo ari mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bw’igihugu hafi ya Musofi na Lubumbashi mu Ntara ya Katanga, iruhande rwa Zambiya .

## Amasomo
Inkomoko y'umugezi wa Lualaba iri ku kibaya cya Katanga, ku butumburuke bwa metero 1,400 hejuru yinyanja. Uruzi rutemba rugana mu majyaruguru kurangirira hafi ya Kisangani, aho izina rya umugezi wa  Congo  ritangirira. Kuva mu kibaya cya Katanga iramanuka, hamwe n'amasumo na rapide biranga kumanuka, kugera mu kibaya cya Manika. Iyo imanuka ikanyura hejuru ya Depression ya Upemba, 457 muri kilometero 72  . Hafi y’isumo rya Nzilo ryangijwe n’amashanyarazi ku rugomero rwa Nzilo .

## Amateka

## Inyandiko

## Reba

* Maria Petringa, *Brazza, Ubuzima bwa Afrika* . Bloomington, IN: Umwanditsi w'inzu, 2006.  Coordinates :
Lowa (Kivu / Maniema)

**Lowa** ni uruzi ruri mu kibaya cya Kongo mu ma jyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo .

Irazamuka mu misozi ya Mitumba, ku mupaka w'intara za Kivu y'Amajyepfo na Kivu y'Amajyaruguru . Itemba iburengerazuba unyuze mu mashyamba ya Aluberitine no mu mashyamba yo mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa Congo yo mu majyaruguru ya Kivu na Maniema . Itemba muri Lualaba kumupaka wa Maniema na Tishopo .  

Umunyaburayi wa mbere wakurikiranye uburebure bwayo ni Gustav Adolf von Götzen mu rugendo rwe rwatangiye mu 1893.  Uburebure bwayo ni kilometero  390  . 

Ikibaya cy'umugezi kirimo Parike y'igihugu ya Kahuzi Biéga na Parike y'igihugu ya Mayiko .

## Ikarita

## Reba
Umugezi wa Luao

**Umugezi wa Luao** ni umugezi ugize umupaka uhuza Angola na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Ni umugezi uri iburyo bw'umugezi wa Kasayi .

## Aho biherereye

Umugezi wa Luwaro utemba uva mu majyepfo ugana mu majyaruguru ku mupaka uhuza Intara ya Moxico ya Angola n'Intara ya Lualaba ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Itemba hagati yimijyi ya Luau muri Angola na Dilolo muri DRC. [1] 

## Gutura imipaka
Amasezerano y’umupaka hagati ya Porutugali n’Ububiligi yo ku ya 25 Gicurasi 1891 yasobanuye ko igice cy’umupaka ari uruzi rwa Kasai kugera Lago Dilolo . Icyakora, byavumbuwe ko Lago Dilolo yamennye mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba mu mazi ya Zambezi aho kuba amajyaruguru yerekeza i Kasai. Abanya Portigale bavuze ko umugezi wa Luao wa Kasai ugomba gufatwa nk'umupaka, mu gihe Ababiligi bashyigikiye uruzi rwa Luacano, uruzi rwa Kasai kure mu burengerazuba. [2], Ububiligi bwahaye agace kanini ko mu burengerazuba bw'umugezi wa Luau mu guhanahana uturere twumvikanyweho ku ya 22 Nyakanga 1927. i Léopolidiville . [3]

## Inkomoko
Umugezi wa Lopori

**Umugezi wa Lopori** ni uruzi ruri muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo . Lopori, ni umugezi wa Maringa ruri mu majyepfo, bifatanya hafi ya Basankusu, hafi gukora ku uruzi rwa Lulonga, uruzi rw'umugezi wa Kongo . Ikibaya cya Lopori cyangwa Maringa cyiswe ishyamba rya Maringa Lopori Wamba, agace gafite akamaro gakomeye ku bidukikije. 

## Reba
Umushinga wa hinga wunguke

Umushinga wa Hinga wunguke watangiye imirimo yawo tariki ya 16 Mutarama 2023, ukaba uzamara imyaka itanu ukorera mu turere 13, ariko abakozi izakoresha bakazaba bakorera ku ntara bivuze ko ari intara zose ukuyemo umujyi wa Kigali.

## Ibice biwugize
Umushinga wa Hinga wunguke uzaba ufite ibice bine uzakoreramo, igice cya mbere ni ukongera umusaruro ariko hakoresheje uburyo burambye kandi hagendewe kunyongera gaciro, ariko ntabwo tuzakora ku cyayi cyangwa se ubworozi, ahubwo ku biribwa ngandurago bizazanira umuhinzi amafaranga(Chaine Value).

Igice cya kabiri ni ukongerera ubushobozi bw’abahinzi kugira ngo bagere kuri service z’amabanki ndetse babashe kwihaza ku isoko hamwe no gukirigita ifaranga.

Igice cya gatatu kongera ubushobozi abahinzi kugira ngo bagere ku ifaranga hamwe no kurwanya imirire mibi mu ngo zabo kugira ngo bashobore kugira imirire myiza.

Igice cya kane izarebera hamwe ifatanije n’abafatanyabikorwa kugira ngo barebe icyabangamira umuhinzi ku bijyanye n’amategeko cyangwa se uburyo bashobora guhukukirwa kurushaho biciye mu batanyabikorwa baba abikorera ku giti cyabo cyangwa imiryango mpuzamahanga ndetse n’abahinzi ubwabo.

## Reba

.
Ikiraro cya Gahira

Ikiraro cya Gahira cyubatse ku mugezi wa Nyabarongo, kireshya na metero mirongo itandatu (60M) z’uburebure kikaba gifite ubushobozi bwo kwikorera toni cumi n’eshanu (15t) kikaba gifite uburambe bw’imyaka 15 igihe abaturage bagikoresha neza.

## Ibindi
Kugeza ubu gishobora kunyurwaho n’amaguru, amagare na moto, mu gihe hatarubakwa ikirambye cyasimbura icyari cyarubatswe hano i Gahira mu 1982.

## Reba
Umugezi wa Lomako

**Umugezi wa Lomako** ni uruzi mu ntara ya eqateur, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo . Lomako ni uruzi rwa Maringa . Umugezi wa Maringa ufatanya n'u mugezi wa Lopori mu majyaruguru, ugakora uruzi rwa Lulonga, uruzi rw'umugezi wa Congo . Lomako itembera mu kibaya cya Loporina Maringa, izwi kandi ku izina rya Maringa Lopori Wamba, ahantu h’ibidukikije bifite akamaro kanini. 

## Reba
Umugezi wa Lokoro

**Umugezi wa Lokoro** ni uruzi ruri muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, rumwe mu masoko manini y’i kiyaga cya Mayi Ndombe .

Uruzi rutangirira mu Ntara ya Dekese, hanyuma rugatemba rugana mu burengerazuba unyuze mu murenge wa Lokolama wo mu Ntara ya Oshwe mu Ntara ya Mayi Ndombe, hanyuma ugana mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba ugana ku mupaka uhuza Intara ya Kiri n'akarere ka Inongo kugira ngo winjire mu majyaruguru y'ikiyaga cya Mai-Ndombe. [1] runyura ahantu hanini h’ishyamba rihoraho. Iyo imvura nyinshi itangiye mu Kwakira uruzi rwuzura kandi ruzana amazi ya ogisijeni nintungamubiri mumashyamba y'ibishanga. [2]

Hafi ya Lokolo yo hejuru hari savanna nini yimishahara yitwa Ita. Ibi bisa nkaho byari ubutware bwa Boliya mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya cumi na kane. [3] Amazi y’umugezi ari mu majyepfo ya parike y’igihugu ya Salonga Hafi ya parike ishobora kugerwaho gusa binyuze mu ruzi. Aka karere ko mu majyepfo ya parike gatuwe n’abaturage ba Iyawelima karashobora kugerwaho binyuze kuri Lokoro, inyura hagati, Lokolo mu majyaruguru na Lula mu majyepfo. Aka karere kabereye ahakorerwa ubushakashatsi bwa Bonobosi ku gasozi. [4]

## Reba

## Inkomoko
Ikiraro gihuza Nyanza na Nyamagabe

Hejuru y’umugezi wa Mwogo hubatswe ikiraro gica hejuru yawo kigahuza Akarere ka Nyanza n’Akarere ka Nyamagabe. Gifite uburebure bwa metero 150 kikaba gifite agaciro ka Miliyoni Frw 204. Kizafasha abaturage bagituriye( ku mpande zombi) bagera ku 1967 guhahirana.

## Akamaro
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Bridges to Prosperity n’abarimu bo muri za Kaminuza bwagaragaje ko ahubatswe ibiraro umusaruro w’abaturage wazamutseho 20% kubera ubuhahirane no kongera umusaruro mu mirimo itandukanye ibimburiwe n’ubuhinzi.

Uretse korohereza abakuru gucuruzanya kubera ko hari n’isoko riba mu Murenge wa Musange muri Nyamagabe ryitwa Isoko rya Masizi, kiriya kiraro gifasha abana kujya kwiga bitabagoye.

Ubusanzwe bacaga mu gishanga bakagera yo biyanduje.

Nyamagabe ni ku Umurenge Musange, Muri Nyanza Cyabakamyi.

## Ibindi
Ikiraro gihuza Nyanza na Nyamagabe cyatashwe muri mutarama 2023 cyubatswe ku masezerano y’ubufatanye hagati ya Bridges to Prosperity na Guverinoma y’u Rwanda, akaba yarasinywe mu mwaka wa 2019.

## Reba
Umugezi wa Loile

**Umugezi wa Loile**  ni uruzi rw'u mugezi wa Momboyo muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo .

Loyile ikora muri parike yi gihugu ya Salonga kandi itemba yerekeza muri rusange yu burengerazuba bushira uburengerazuba kugera aho ihurira na Luwilaka. Momboya igizwe mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bw'u mudugudu wa Waka, Eqateur, hakurya y'umupaka wa Tishuwapa, aho uruzi rwa Luilaka ruhurira uhereye iburyo n'umugezi wa Loile i Bakako. [1]

## Inyandiko

## Inkomoko
Umugezi wa Loange

**Umugezi wa Loange** ni uruzi rw'u mugezi wa Kasayi . Ni uruzi rukomoka muri Angola, uruzi rutemba rugana muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, runyuze mu burasirazuba bwa Kwango . Uruzi noneho rukomeza ruguru rugana kumupaka uhuza intara za Kwilu na Kasayi kugera kumunwa wa Kasai. 

## Reba
Umugezi wa Lomela

**Umugezi wa Lomela** ni uruzi riri muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Nimwe mu migezi minini yu mugezi wa Busira, ikora aho Lomela ihurira nu mugezi wa Tishuwapa . Busira nayo ni uruzi runini rw'umugezi wa Ruki, winjira mu ruzi rwa Congo mu majyaruguru ya Mbandaka .

## Aho biherereye
Umugezi wa Lomela utemba werekeza mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba uva ku gasozi ka Sankuru no hakurya ya Parike y'igihugu ya Salonga . Umugezi wa Busira ukora ibirometero bike ugana iburengerazuba bwa Bowende aho uruzi rwa Lomela ruhurira n'umugezi wa Tshuapa uhereye ibumoso. [1]

## Kugenda
Umugezi wa Lomela urashobora kugenda kuva aho uhurira na Tshuapa ukageza ku iherezo rya Lomela, intera ya kilometero 566  . Numuyaga kandi ufunganye, kandi unyura mumashyamba nigishanga cyuzura mugihe cyamazi maremare. Kuva ku nkombe z'umugezi kugera Itoko, intera ya 236, burigihe yemerera ubwato bufite metero 1 umushinga. Mugihe cyamazi maremare irashobora gufata toni 350, kandi mugihe cyamazi make irashobora gufata toni 150 kugeza 250 muriki gice. Kuva Itoko kugera Lomami, kuri kilometero 462 kuva mu kanwa kayo, inkombe zamabuye hamwe nu muyoboro muto ugenda utuma kugenda bigenda nabi. Kuva Lomami kugera Lomela uruzi rushobora kugenda gusa kuva mu ntangiriro za Kamena kugeza mu ntangiriro za Nzeri, kandi kuri toni 25 gusa. Ahantu hamwe imiyoboro iri munsi ya 25 ubugari na metero 0.5. [2]

## Ibidukikije

## Inkomoko
Umugezi wa Lomami

**Umugezi wa Lomami** ni uruzi runini rw'u mugezi wa Kongo muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo . Uruzi rugera ku kilometero 1,280 zu burebure.  Itemba mu majyaruguru, iburengerazuba no kubangikanya na congo yo hejuru.

Lomami yazamutse mu majyepfo yigihugu, hafi ya Kamina na Congo Zambezi igabana .  Itemba mu majyaruguru inyuze i Lubao, Tshofa, Kombe, Bolaiti, Opala, na Irema mbere yo kwinjira muri Kongo i Isangi .

Henry Morton Stanley yageze mu masangano y'inzuzi zombi ku ya 6 Mutarama 1877, "" Lumami ukize, Livingstone yita 'Uruzi rwa Yonga,' yinjiye mu mugezi munini, ku munwa wa metero 600 z'ubugari, hagati y'inkombe zo hasi zuzuyeho ibiti. " 

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Lomami at GEOnet Names Server
Umugezi wa Likati

**Umugezi wa Likati** ni uruzi rwo mu majyaruguru ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, uruzi rw'u mugezi wa Itimbiri . Itembera mu Ntara ya Aketi mu Karere ka Basi Uwele . 

Byavuzwe muri Congo Igicucu na yohani B. 

I Libongo, mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'umujyi wa Likati, uruzi rwambukiranya umuhanda uvanze n'ikiraro cya gari ya moshi. Kugeza muri 2014 ikiraro cyari gifite inenge kandi giteye akaga kubakoresha umuhanda. [3] wa gari ya moshi, ubu wacitse, wari ishami ry'umurongo wa Vicicongo wubatswe. [4]

## Reba

## Inkomoko
Umugezi wa Lese

**Umugezi wa Lese** ni uruzi ruherereye mu majyaruguru ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo . Itembera mu Ntara ya Aketi mu Karere ka Bas-Uwele . 

## Reba
Ikiraro cya Mukunguri

Ikiraro cya mukunguri gifasha gutsura umubano mu baturage b’uturere twa kamonyi na Ruhango, gikoreshwa n’imodoka ziremereye zikoreye imicanga ziyijyana mubice bitandukanye by’igihugu, kinyuzwaho kandi umuceri uhingwa muri iki gishanga ujyanwa ku ruganda rwa mukunguri.

## Reba
Umugezi wa Kwilu

**Umugezi wa Kwilu** ni uruzi runini runyura mu Ntara ya Kwilu yahoze yitwa intara ya Bandundu muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo kugera mu mujyi wa Bandundu, aho uhurira n'u mugezi wa Kwango mbere gato yuko uyu mugezi winjira mu ruzi rwa Kasayi . Muri congo uruzi rutemba runyura mu mijyi ya Gungu, Kikwita, Bulungu, Bagata,  na Bandundu. [1] Lusanga, ahahoze hitwa Leveriville, aryamye aho umugezi wa Kwenge uhurira na Kwilu, hagati ya Kikwiti na Bulungu. 

## Ibiranga
Ni uruzi rutemba. Hafi yumunwa wacyo ni metero 950 z'ubugari. Ibikoresho byo kuryama ni umucanga .  Uruzi rufite kilometero 965 zu burebure. Mugihe cyi zuba ahantu huzuye umwuzure ufite kilometero  1,550. Amazi y’umugezi azamuka ku butumburuke buri hagati ya metero  1,000 na 1,800 mu misozi miremire ya Angola. Bamanuka cyane mu kibaya cyo hagati cya Kongo hagati ya 500 metres (1,600 ft) na 300 metres (980 ft) hejuru yinyanja. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu mwaka wa 2011 bwerekanye amoko 113 y’amafi mu miryango 21 hamwe n’ibicuruzwa umunani. [4]
Dosiye:Au bord de la rivère Kwilu à Bandundu.jpg|Kuruhande rw'umugezi i Bandundu, Kamena 2007
Dosiye:Rivière Kwilu à Bandundu.jpg|Uruzi i Bandundu, Kamena 2007


## Reba

## Inkomoko
Umugezi wa Lindi

**Lindi** ni uruzi ruto ruherereye mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo . Itembera mu ntara za Kivu y'Amajyaruguru na Tishopo, ikisuka mu ruzi rwa Congo mu burengerazuba bwa Kisangani .

## Gutura

* Asangwa
* Bafwasende (ikiraro cya N4)
* Yasangani (N4 ikiraro)
Ikiraro cya Rusumo

Ikiraro cya Rusumo gifite metero 80, gipima toni 180.Iki kiraro cyubatswe ku nkunga ya miliyari 24 z’amadorali yatanzwe n’ikigo cy’Abayapani cy’Ubutwererane Mpuzamahanga (JICA) biteganyijwe ko kizihutisha uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa n’abantu binyura kuri uwo mupaka ndetse kinateza imbere ubuhahirane mu muryango wa EAC muri rusange.

## Akamaro

### Ubukungu
Ubukungu bwa EAC bwazamutse ku kigero kiri hagati ya 7 na 8% biturutse cyane ku bwiyongere bw’urujya n’uruza bw’ibicuruzwa. 

Mu mwaka wa 2009 ku kiraro cya Rusumo hacaga imodoka zitageze kuri 96 ku munsi; ariko mu mwaka ushize wa 2012 zageze kuri 205.

### Ikigereranyo
Ikigereranyo kiravuga ko mu myaka 5 iri imbere, imodoka zinyura ku kiraro cya Rusumo ziziyongera hagati ya 500 na 700 ku munsi. Icyo gihe Ubukungu bwa EAC ngo buzazamuka ku kigero kiri hagati ya 10 na 11.5%.

Abaturage bari hafi ya 2000 bo mu nkenegero z’ikiraro bemeza ko imibereho yabo yazamutse kubera iyo mirimo ihakorerwa. Ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda, abasaga 600 bahawe akazi ko kubaka kandi ngo babona ubumenyi buvuye ku Bayapani n’abandi bahagarariye imirimo y’ubwubatsi.

## Reba
Umugezi wa Koda (DR Congo)

**Koda** ni uruzi ruri mu Ntara ya Dijugu, mu intara ya Ituri, muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo.  Ubundi ikitwa Izina ryanditse **Kodada** . 

## Amasomo
Uruzi rutangirira mu kibaya cya Lendu mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'ikiyaga cya Albert, mu mirima y'u buhinzi mu majyepfo no mu majyepfo ashyira uburengerazuba bwa Kapandaroma, ku butumburuke bwa metero 2050. Irabanza ikora amasomo aringaniye muburyo rusange bwamajyepfo, nko muri kilometero 4 mu burasirazuba bwu musozi Aboro. Hafi , ku butumburuke bwa m 2000, itangira kunyura mu misozi ihanamye y'ibibaya yerekeza mu kiyaga cya Albert. Nu mugongo wi kibaya cya Bayi,  uburebure bwa kilometero 5 nu bugari bwa kilometero 1.5, bikarangirira kuri metero 1050 z'uburebure.  

Nyuma gato yumupaka wibibaya, hafi , uruzi rugabanyijemo amashami abiri atandukana na metero 20 hanyuma agasubira muri m 90 munsi yimbere, agakora ikirwa kirekire.  Hasi hepfo gato, hafi , ihagaritswe n'urugomero ruto,  ahantu hahoze hitwa Isumo rya Buu. 

## Ibinyabuzima n'ibimera
Mu kumanuka kumanuka mu kibaya, uruzi runyura mu ishyamba rya Tsili, runyura mu kibaya cya Bai (Koda) no mu kibaya cya Ndoogo giherereye mu burasirazuba.  Kugeza mu 2016, iri shyamba ryari rifite uburebure bwa kilometero 2, hagati ,  kuri metero 1500 z'uburebure  na kilometero 1.5 mumajyaruguru yumudugudu Ndeke3 . Nibisigisigi bito byamashyamba yo mu turere dushyuha twigeze gutwikira ikibaya n’imisozi. Aka karere, hamwe n’andi mashyamba make y’amashyamba mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba, ni bumwe mu buhungiro bwa nyuma bw’ubwoko buto bwa chimpanzee. Nibura byibuze andi moko atandatu y’ibinyabuzima atagaragara mu karere.

Filime documentaire ivuga amateka yubuvumbuzi "mubuzima" bwabaturage batamenyekanye ba chimpanzees, nubushakashatsi bwa siyansi bwayobowe muri kariya gace na Dr Anne Laudisoit nitsinda rye : " MBUDHA, mu kirenge cya chimpanzees " (iyobowe na Caroline Thirion, yakozwe na Porogaramu ya Gedeon, Clair-obscur Productions na TV ya Ushuaïa).  

## Reba
Umugezi wa Kibali

**Umugezi wa Kibali** ni uruzi rw'uruzi rwa Uwele muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo . Ikomoka mu misozi yegereye ikiyaga cya Albert kandi itemba igana iburengerazuba nko mu kilometero 1,000 kwifatanya n'u mugezi wa Dungu ahitwa Dungu aho uruzi rwa Uele rushingwa. Uele ni uruzi rwuruzi rwa Ubangi, hanyuma rukinjira mu ruzi runini rwa Kongo .
Umugezi wa Kasai

**Umugezi wa Kasai** ni uruzi ruri i bumoso rw'u mugezi wa Congo, ruherereye muri Afurika yo hagati.  Uruzi rutangirira muri Angola rwa gati rugatemba rugana iburasirazuba kugeza rugeze ku mupaka uhuza Angola na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, aho ruhindukira rugana mu majyaruguru rukaba umupaka kugeza rwinjiye muri DRC. Kuva Iwebo, hagati y’amasangano n’umugezi wa Luluwa n’umugezi wa Sankuru, uruzi rwa Kasayi ruhindukirira mu burengerazuba. Igice cyo hepfo cyu ruzi ruva mu masangano n’umugezi wa Fimi, kizwi ku izina rya **Kwa**, mbere yuko ryinjira muri Kongo ahitwa Kwamouthu mu majyaruguru ya Kinshasa. Ikibaya cya Kasayi kigizwe ahanini n’amashyamba y’imvura y’uburinganire, atanga ubutaka bw’ubuhinzi mu karere kazwiho ubutaka butarumbuka, bwu mucanga.  Nu mugezi wu mugezi wa congo kandi diyama iraboneka. Hafi ya 60 ku ijana ya diyama mu Bubiligi iva mu ruzi rwa Kasayi.

## Ubushakashatsi

Henry Morton Stanley yageze mu masangano ku ya 9 Werurwe 1877, yita uruzi Nkutu, "uruzi rukomeye kandi rwimbitse", ariko amenya ko rukomoka kuri Kwango ya dawide.  

## Inzuzi
Imigezi minini ya Kasai hejuru yimbere iva muri congo:

* Fimi (Fimi- Lukenie uburebure bwa 1100 km, ubunini bwibase 132 000 km 2, bivuze gusohora buri mwaka ~ 2000 m 3 / s)
* Kwilu / Kwango (1800 km, 263 500 km 2, 3299 m 3 / s)
* Ingano
* Sankuru (1200 km, 156 000 km 2, 2500 m 3 / s)
* Lulua

## Akamaro k'ubukungu

Inzuzi z'umugezi wa Kasai zikuraho inzitizi nka cataracte n'ibyatsi byo mu ruzi, bigatuma bigenda cyane. Borohereza urwego rwo gutwara abantu no gukora imiyoboro ikomeye yubucuruzi. Uruhare rw'umugezi mu gutwara no mu bucuruzi rwagaragaye cyane mu gihe cyabanjirije ubukoloni igihe ubucuruzi bw'abacakara bwari bwemewe. Abacuruzi b'abacakara bakoresheje imwe mu masoko akomeye, Umugezi wa Kwango, kugira ngo bayobore ishyamba ry’imvura ry’uburinganire, bafata imbata maze basubira mu nyanja ya Atalantika aho bari bafungiye amato yabo. Ntabwo bivuguruzanya cyane ko ubwami bwaho bwari hafi yuruzi rwa Kasai bwashyigikiraga ubucuruzi bwabacakara. Urugero, ubwami bwa Rund, bwatanze byoroshye imbata kubacuruzi bazwi cyane nka John Matthews, umucuruzi uzwi cyane w’abacuruzi b’abongereza. Ibi bikorwa, nubwo byabaye hagati yikinyejana cya 18 na 19, byasize ingaruka zirambye mu turere bagaragaye cyane, nko hagati ya Kwango ninzuzi za Kwilu. Abaturage ntibigeze bakira neza, kubera ko ubucucike bw’abaturage buri munsi y’uturere tutarimo ubucuruzi bw’abacakara. Ikintu cyashobokaga cyane inyungu z’Abongereza n’Abanyaportigale mu ruzi rwa Kasai ni ukubera diyama ya alluvial iryamye mu buriri bukungahaye cyane cyane ku nkombe y’umugezi. Ibigega byinshi biri ku buriri bw’umugezi munini, uruzi rwa Kwango. Mubyukuri, birasanzwe kumva imvugo "umutima wa diyama wo mu burasirazuba bwa Angola y'Amajyaruguru" yakoreshejwe yerekeza ku kibaya cy'Uruzi rwa Kwango. Ni ukubera ko ibitanda bya diyama alluvial biboneka muri kano karere aribyo bikize cyane muri Angola.

## Reba kandi

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze
Umugezi wa Kamtsha

**Umugezi wa Kamtsha** ni uruzi rw'umugezi wa Kasayi. Uruzi rutemba rugana mu majyaruguru binyuze mu gace ka Idiofa mu ntara ya Kwilu, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo kugera ku munwa wa Kasayi . 

Kamtsha ninzuzi zikomeye muntara ya Idiyofa. Igizwe no guhuza imigezi mito ninzuzi ntoya izamuka mu majyepfo yubutaka, aho Lokwa na Labuba ari byo byingenzi, bifata izina rya Kamtsha nyuma y’ubumwe bwabo mu burengerazuba bwa Idiofa . Kuri ubu uruzi rufite metero 20  ubugari, ariko ikura kugera kuri metero 100   mu majyepfo yacyo, yinjira muri Kasayi kuri Ewolo . Uruzi runyura mu kibaya kigufi mbere ariko kigenda cyiyongera buhoro buhoro kugeza kibuze hafi y’umugezi. 

Inzuzi zikomeye ni Luana, Lokwa na Dule. Luana, ikora hafi ya Kamtsha, ni metero 20 hafi y'akanwa kayo. Inzuzi zombi zitemba ku mpande zombi z'imisozi ituwe neza. Luana imaze kuyinjiramo, uruzi ntiruzongera kwihuta kandi rushobora kugana Kasayi. 

## Reba
Umugezi wa Yorodani

Yorodani izwi nka “Nahr Al Sharieat”, ni umugezi ufite uburebure bwa kilometero 251. Dufashe urugero rwa hafi aha, waba utangirira i Kigali ukagera i Rusizi, ku wanyuze inzira ya Huye-Nyungwe na Nyamasheke.

## Aho iherereye
Yorodani iri mu Burengerazuba bwo Hagati, ikora ku bihugu bitatu birimo Israel, Jordan na Palestine.

Unyura mu bice bitandukanye mbere yo kugera mu Nyanja ya Galilaya no mu y’Umunyu [cyangwa se Ipfuye].

Aho neza ukihagera ubona ko havuguruwe hubakwa ibikorwaremezo bigezweho bituma abahasura bashobora kubona serivisi z’ibanze nk’aho gucumbika no gufatira ifunguro.

## Amateka
Uyu mugezi ni yo nzira yifashishijwe n’Abisiraheli ubwo bavaga mu Butayu bakubutse muri Egiputa [Misiri] berekeza muri Kanani [Israel], igihugu cy’isezerano.

Icyo gihe Yosuwa wari ubayoboye yatakambiye Uwiteka na we amutegeka kubanza abatambyi bafite isanduku y’isezerano mu mazi, yitandukanyamo kabiri barambuka.

Bakimara kwambuka ni bwo bahise berekeza ku Musozi wa Yeriko. Yorodani iri ahantu hafite amateka yihariye ku bemeramana! Abizera bazi ko habereye ibitangaza bitandukanye birimo ko ariho Yohani Umubatiza yabatirije Yesu (Matayo 3:13-17).

## Akamaro
Yorodani ifatwa nk’ahantu nyaburanga muri Israel. Iri ahantu hasurwa cyane bigendanye n’imiterere yaho ituma hakurura ba mukerarugendo biganjemo abahakorera ingendo nyobokamana.

Uyu mugezi ni wo utandukanya Israel n’andi mahanga. Ugaburira Abanya-Israel kuko amazi yawo akoreshwa cyane mu buhinzi mu bijyanye no kuhira imirima ikorerwamo ubuhinzi mu bice bitandukanye by’igihugu.

Israel iri mu bihugu byateye imbere mu buhinzi. Kuva yabona ubwigenge mu 1948, ingano y’ubutaka buhingwa yariyongereye iva kuri hegitari 165.000 igera kuri 433.000 ndetse umusaruro w’ibikomoka ku buhinzi na wo wikubye inshuro 16.

Nibura buri mwaka, iki gihugu cyohereza mu mahanga ibihingwa birimo imbuto n’imboga bifite agaciro ka 2.000.000.000$ buri mwaka.

### Ikoranabuhanga
Israel yifashishije aya mazi yashoboye guhindura ubuhinzi bwayo bukorerwa ku butaka ubusanzwe buri mu butayu.

Uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga yifashisha burimo n’ubukoresha igitonyanga cy’amazi [Drip irrigation], nibura iri rizigama 60% by’amazi ndetse rigafasha gukura neza kw’ibihingwa.

Iki gihugu cyariteganyirije mu kubaka iri koranabuhanga kuko rishobora kuzakigoboka. Raporo ndetse n’abasesenguzi bavuga ko nibura abantu miliyari 1,5 [ni ukuvuga 20% by’abatuye Isi] bazaba bafite ikibazo cy’amazi make mu bihe biri imbere.

## Reba
Umugezi wa Kwenge

**Umugezi wa Kwenge** ni umugezi ubarizwa  mu Ntara ya Bandundu ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo .

Uruzi rutangirira muri Angola hanyuma rugera nko kuri kilometero 6 ikora igice gito cyu mupaka wa Angola na DRC .  Itemba mu majyaruguru kuva ku mupaka wa Angola unyuze mu turere twa Kwango na Kwilu, uhuza uruzi rwa Kwilu munsi ya Kikwiti .  Lusanga, ahahoze ari Leverville, iri mu masangano y'inzuzi za Kwenge na Kwilu. 

Isambu iri hagati ya Kwilu na Kwenge yigaruriwe bwa mbere ni abaturage ba Pende .  Abaturage ba Suku, baje muri ako karere bava mu kibaya cy'umugezi wa Kwango mu myaka ya 1800, batuye mu karere ka savana kari hagati y'umugezi wa Bakali wo hejuru na Kwenge.  Igice cyo hasi cyi kibaya cyinzuzi kirimo imirongo yubutaka bwuzuye cyangwa bu rigihe. 

## Reba
Umugezi wa Kwango

Uruzi rwa  **Kwango** ni uruzi rwa mbukiranya Angola na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo . Ni uruzi runini rw'ibumoso rw'umugezi wa Kasayi mu kibaya cy'umugezi wa Congo .   Itemba muri Malanje muri Angola. Ikibaya cy'Uruzi rwa Kwango gifite umutungo munini wa diyama mu gice cya Chitamba na Lulo Kimberlite mu Ntara ya Lunda , cyavumbuwe mu ruzi runini rw'i nzuzi no ku magorofa n'amaterasi mu kibaya cy’umwuzure. 

## Amateka
Ubwami bwa Rund, bwagutse buhinduka Ingoma ya Lunda, bukubiyemo akarere kuva ku mugezi wa Kwango kugera ku ruzi rwa Luwapula . Abategetsi bayo bagize uruhare mu bucuruzi bw'abacakara .  Kwiyongera kwa Lunda mu kibaya byateje imbere umurage rusange wa politiki n'umuco ari nako uteza imbere ubucuruzi bw'abacakara, bigatuma umubare muto w'abaturage uri hagati y'umugezi wa Kwango na Kwilu . 

Abanya Portigale bakolonije ikibaya cy'umugezi wa Kwango bigarurira ubwami bwa Kasanje .  Umugezi wa Kwango wasinywe n’amasezerano y’igiportigale i Lisbonne ku ya 25 Gicurasi 1891, n’itangazo ryo ku ya 24 Werurwe 1894.
Kwangiza Ibidukikije

Ntabwo abashakashatsi bemeranya n’abantu bagifite imyumvire ivuga ko imyaka yanze ubutaka. Iyi mvugo ikoreshwa mu gihe imyaka itewe mu butaka ntitange umusaruro wari witezwe bitewe n’ibibazo birimo imvura nyinshi cyangwa se izuba ryinshi cyangwa izindi mpamvu.

## Ingaruka
Abashakashatsi bemeza ko ibibazo ubutaka buhura nabyo uyu munsi biterwa n’uburyo ababushinzwe babufashe mu gihe cyarangiye, babakamo inzu uko bishakiye, babucukuramo amabuye, umucanga, kariye n’amabuye y’agaciro cyangwa bubaka inganda uko bishakiye n’ibindi.

Hari abantu bemera ko Imana ishobora kuba yaranze abantu kubera ibyaha byabo, iboneraho kubaha igihano yabageneye kijyanye no kubima imvura kugira ngo izabicishe inzara.

Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yashyize imbaraga mu gikorwa cyo gutera ibiti mu gihugu hose nk’inzira yo kurinda ibidukikije ndetse ikanakangurira buri wese kwirinda kutema amashyamba. Kubera ko iki gikorwa cyo gutera ibiti mu gihugu hose hari hagamijwe kugira ngo harwanywe isuri binafate n’ubutaka, akaba ariyo mpamvu leta inakangurira buri wese kwirinda gutema ibiti atabiherewe uburenganzira.

## Imbigamizi
Inzobere zivuga ko hakiri imbogamizi zikibangamiye gahunda yo kubungabunga amashyamba mu Rwanda, ariko mu gihe hatewe igiti, bishobora kuba uburyo bwiza bwo guhangana n’imihandagurike y’ikirere n’ingaruka ifite ku butaka.

Ubwiyongere bw’abaturage nabwo butuma habura ubutaka bwo kubyazwa umusaruro, bityo hakibasirwa amashyamba, ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, ubuhinzi, gushaka ibicanwa n’ibindi bikorwa by’iterambere bigira aho bihurira n’igiti, ni bimwe mu bibangamira ishyamba; ibi bikaba byatiza umurindi ihindagurika ry’ikirere.

## Ibihano
Itegeko N°48/2018 ryo kuwa 13/08/2018, mu ngingo yaryo ya 44 rivuga ko hagamijwe kurengera ibinyabuzima, ibikorwa bikurikira birabujijwe: gutwika amashyamba, pariki z’Igihugu n’ibyanya; gutwika ibishanga, inzuri, ibihuru, ibyatsi hagamijwe ubuhinzi cyangwa gutunganya inzuri z’amatungo ndetse n’ibindi bikorwa ibyo aribyo byose byangiza ibidukikije birabujijwe.

Ingingo ya 59 y’iri tegeko ivuga ko umuntu wese utuma ibimera bikomye bipfa, ubisenya, ubisarura cyangwa ubyangiza, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko, ahanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka itatu (3) ariko kitarenze imyaka itanu (5) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi ya miliyoni imwe (1.000.000 FRW) ariko atarenze miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000FRW).

## Reba
Ishyamba rya Kabusunzu

Ishyamba rya Kabusunzu ni irya Leta, riri ku musozi wirengeye witegeye ikibaya cyuhirwa cya Nasho n’ibiyaga bya Nasho na Cyambwe. Irikuze riri ku buso bugera kuri hegitari 15 aho bisobanurwa ko rimaze imyaka isaga 30 ritewe, naho ikindi gice cy’ishyamba rimaze imyaka itatu ritewe; bigasobanurwa ko ryose hamwe riri ku buso bugera kuri hegitari 50.

## Akamaro

Ishyamba rya Kabusunzu risanzwe rifasha abarituriye kubona umwuka mwiza, kuritembereramo nk’ahantu heza ho kuruhukira; hakaba hari ibikorwa biri gutegurwa n’Akarere ka Kirehe mu rwego rwo kurushaho kuribyaza umusaruro uturutse ku bukerarugendo.

Iri shyamba rya Kabusunzu riri mu byanya y’ubukerarugendo bwo mu rwego rwo rw’ibyiza nyaburanga(Adventure tourism), bityo rero ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Kirehe bukaba bwibutsa abarituriye kurifata neza kugira ngo ishoramari niritangira bazabashe  kwegerezwa ibikorwaremezo nk’amazi, amashanyarazi; gutunganya imihanda irigeraho n’ibindi.

Akarere ka Kirehe kuri ubu karimo ubukerarugendo buri mu byiciro bitatu; Ibyiza nyaburanga, umuco n’amateka ndetse n’ubukerarugendo bwo mu buhinzi n’ubworozi.

## Reba
Ibitare bya Nyarubuye

Mu Murenge wa Nyarubuye hari uduce tugizwe n’amabuye y’ibitare, aho yiganje cyane ni i Nyabitare. Ni ahantu heza ku buryo hari abafata umwanya wo kujya kuhatemberera, kuhifotoreza no kuhakoreshereza ibirori bitandukanye.

## Imiterere
Aya mabuye agaragara mu Murenge wa Nyarubuye n’uwa Nasho ahagaragara imisozi ibereye ubukerrugend bushingiye ku kurira imisozi, moto zo mu misozi n’ibindi bikorwa bitandukanye umuntu ashobora gukorera mu misozi myiza yaho.

Iyo umuntu abashije kurira nibura umusozi umwe akagera hejuru aba yitegeye ibiyaga bitandukanye birimo nk’icya Nasho, ikiyaga cya Mpanga, ndetse n’ikiyaga cya Cyambwe byose bibarizwa muri aka Karere.

## Reba
Ibiyaga bya Rwampanga na Nasho

Kuri ibi biyaga hatejwe imbere ahanini n’imishinga minini yo kuhira imyaka Leta yahashyize, byatumwe abantu benshi baba ab’imbere mu Gihugu n’abava hirya no hino ku isi baza kureba uburyo kuhira byashobotse hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga ryo kuvana amazi muri ibyo biyaga, akuhizwa imyaka iri ku buso busaga hegitari 1100 ziri ku butaka buhuje mu Murenge wa Nasho, ahazwi nko muri Irrigation yo kwa Buffet.

Uretse ubuhinzi buteye imbere, no guhagarara ku misozi aho witegeye ibyo biyaga mu kibaya biba ari byiza.

## Reba
COP26

**COP26** ni inama y’ibihugu byunze ubumwe ku Isi ku bijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere n’uburyo ibihugu byitegura guhangana nabyo.

Mu 2020, Iyi nama yagombaga kubera i Glasgow, abayobozi barenga 200 ku isi ni bo bagombaga kuyitabira, ariko igihe  coronavirusi yugarizaga Isi , byose byarahindutse, iyi nama ntiyaba.

## Imiterere nuko ikora

Inama ya COP26 izahuza  impande zitandukanye  kugira ngo yihutishe ibikorwa  biri mu  ntego z’amasezerano y’i Paris n’amasezerano y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye y’imihindagurikire y’ibihe ikaba yitabirwa n’ibihugu byashyize umukono ku masezerano y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye y’imihindagurikire y’ikirere (UNFCCC), amasezerano yemejwe mu 1994.

Iyi nama yabaye mu mwaka wa 2021 yabaye ku nshuro ya  26, ni yo mpamvu yitwa COP26. Yabereye mu mujyi wa Glasgow, muri Ecosse, hagati ya 31 Ukwakira na 12 Ugushyingo 2021, kuri iyi nshuro ikaba yarayobowe n’Ubwami bw’U Bwongereza

Inama iheruka kuba ku nshuro ya 25 yabereye muri Espagne mu mujyi wa Madrid mu Gushyingo 2019.

Inama ya COP 25 yabereye i Madrid yarangiye igaragaje  ibibazo byinshi bitarakemuka, ariko hakorwa amasezerano yerekeye  kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere irimo a dioxyde de carbone – gaze itera ubushyuhe  bwinshi ku Isi.

Buri gihugu cyemeye gushyiraho gahunda yo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere mu nama itaha izabera i Glasgow. Nkuko biri mu masezerano ya Paris

Amasezerano y’i Paris ni amasezerano mpuzamahanga yo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, yemeranijwe n’abayobozi mu 2015  ubwo ibihugu 195 byitabiraga COP21 i Paris.

### Icyo amasezerano y'i Paris avuga

* Kugabanya ingano y’imyuka yangiza yoherezwa mu kirere  hakorwa ndetse ingufu zisubiramo harimo nk izikomoka ku muyaga, ku zuba n’ibindi…

* Kugumisha izamuka ry’ubushyuhe bw’isi  yose  “munsi” ya 20C (3.6F) no kugerageza kubugabanya bukagera kuri  1.50C

* Kongera gusuzuma intambwe imaze guterwa kuri aya masezerano buri myaka itanu

* Gusohora  miliyari 100 z’amadolari buri mwaka mu bijyanye n’ishoramari mu by’ ikirere kugira ngo rifashe ibihugu bikennye  kugeza 2020, no kwiyemeza kongera aya mafaranga mu kurushaho mu gutera inkunga  ibikorwa byo kurwanya ihindagurika ry’ikirere mu gihe kizaza.

## Ibindi

N’ubwo ibihugu biri mu nzira y’amajyambere birimo n’u Rwanda bifite uruhare ruto mu nkomoko y’iki kibazo (Munsi ya 0,01% gusa by’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ku isi byoherezwa n’u Rwanda), ibi bihugu biri mu byugarijwe cyane n’ingaruka z’ihindagurika ry’ikirere. Ubwiyongere bukabije bw’imvura bukomeje kwangiriza bikomeye Abanyarwanda.

Ingaruka z’ibi zirigaragaza mu gihugu cyacu. Aha twavuga nk’izuba ryinshi mu Burasirazuba no mu Majyepfo y’Uburasirazuba bw’igihugu, imyuzure mu Majyaruguru n’Amajyepfo, isuri, ndetse n’inkangu mu Burengerazuba nk’iziherutse kwibasira akarere ka Nyamasheke mu ntangiriro z’uyu mwaka. Niba nta mpinduka zigaragara zikozwe mu maguru mashya, izi ngaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere zizakomeza kongera ubukana.

By’amahire, nta rirarenga ngo hakorwe impinduka zishobora kurokora ubuzima bw’abatuye isi ndetse zigakumira iyangirika rikomeye ry’umubumbe dutuye.

## Reba

*