open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Diyosezi Gatolika ya Kabgayi

**Diyosezi Gatolika  ya Kabgayi** (Mu Kilatini: *Kabgayen(sis))* ni Diyosezi iherereye mu mujyi wa Kabgayi mu ntara y'ubutumwa ya Kiliziya Gatolika y'i Kigali mu Rwanda .

## Amateka

* Ku wa 25 Mata 1922: Vikariyati ya Ruanda yashinzwe ivuye mu majyaruguru ya Vikariyati ya Kivu .
* Ku wa 14 Gashyantare 1952: Vikariyati ya Ruanda yagabanijwemo Vikariyati ya Kabgayi na Vikariyati ya Nyundo .
* Ku wa 10 Ugushyingo 1959: Vikariyati ya Kabgayi yagizwe Arikidiyosezi y'Akarere k'Ubutumwa ka Kabgayi.
* Ku wa 10 Mata 1976: Yagizwe Diyosezi ya Kabgayi; igengwa na Kigali

## Abepiskopi

* Abayobozi ba Vikariyati ya Ruanda (umuhango wa Kiliziya Gatolika ya Roma)
** Musenyeri Léon-Paul Classe, M. Afr. (10/04/1922 - 31/01/1945)
** Musenyeri Laurent-François Déprimoz, M. Afr. (31/01/1945 - 14/02/1952 *reba hano hepfo* )
* Abayobozi ba Vikariyati ya Kabgayi (umuhango wa Kiliziya Gatolika ya Roma)
** Musenyeri Laurent-François Déprimoz, M. Afr. ( *reba hejuru* 14/02/1952 - 15/04/1955)
** Musenyeri André Perraudin, M. Afr. (19/12/1955 - 10/11/1959 *reba hano hepfo* )
* Arkiyepiskopi w'Akarere k'ubutumwa wa Kabgayi (umuhango wa Kiliziya Gatolika ya Roma)
** Arkiyepiskopi André Perraudin, M. Afr. ( *reba hejuru* 10/11/1959 - 10/04/1976 *reba hano hepfo* )
* Abepiskopi ba Kabgayi (umuhango wa Kiliziya Gatolika ya Roma)
** Arkiyepiskopi (Bwite) André Perraudin, M. Afr. ( *reba hejuru* 10/04/1976 - 07/10/1989)
** Musenyeri Thaddée Nsengiyumva (07/10/1989 - .../06/1994)
** Fr. André Sibomana (Umuyobozi 11/11/1994 - 13/03/1996)
** Musenyeri Anastase Mutabazi (13/03/1996 - 10/12/2004)
** Musenyeri Smaragde Mbonyintege (21/01/2006 - Ubu)

### Ibisonga by'Abepiskopi

* Laurent-François Déprimoz, M. Afr. (1943-1945), nk'Igisonga cy'Umuyobozi wa Vikariyati
* Thaddée Nsengiyumva (1987-1989)

### Abandi bapadiri b'iyi diyosezi babaye abasenyeri

* Jean-Baptiste Gahamanyi, yagizwe Umwepiskopi wa Astrida mu 1961
* Joseph Sibomana, yagizwe Umwepiskopi wa Ruhengeri mu 1961

## Reba kandi
* Kiliziya Gatolika mu Rwanda

## Ihuza ryo hanze
* GCatholic.org [yiyitiriye ]
* Inzego z'Abagatolika [ziyitiriye ]
Chorale de Kigali

**Chorale de Kigali** yatanyiye mu 1966 i Kigali, Rwanda.

## Amateka
**Chorale de Kigali** yatangiye mu 1966 hamwe n’abaririmbyi b’abagabo gusa, abaririmbyi b’abagore binjiye nyuma mu 1987. Abatangije iyi korari ni abahanzi bo mu Rwanda bahuguwe mu maseminari no mu yandi mashuri y'abamisiyonari gatolika. Abamenyekanye muri abo bayishinze harimo **Professeur Paulin MUSWAHILI, Saulve IYAMUREMYE, Matthieu NGIRUMPATSE, Célestin NKAKA, Henry NZAJYIBWAMI, Claver KARANGWA** n'abandi benshi.

**Chorale de Kigali** yamye ifite  umubare munini wabatunganya n'abahimbyi b'umuziki wa chorale mu **Rwanda**. Abamenyekanye cyane muri bo ni ***Saulve IYAMUREMYE, Matthieu NGIRUMPATSE, Apollinaire HABYARIMANA, Dr. Jean Claude BYIRINGIRO, Dr. Alfred NGIRABABYEYI, Pacifique TUNEZERWE.***

**Chorale de Kigali** yagiye ikora ibitaramo byinshi mu Rwanda, harimo Misa zisanzwe, amasengesho, ibitaramo ndetse n’ibindi birori byinshi by’umuco mu gihugu. Ibintu bitazibagirana cyane ni aho Chorale de Kigali yakoreye ni isabukuru y'imyaka 50 y'ubusaserdoti bwa Musenyeri Aloys BIGIRUMWAMI yizihijwe ku ya 3 Kamena 1978 ndetse na Misa  itazibagirana yizihijwe na Nyiricyubahiro Papa Yohani Pawulo wa II ubwo yasuraga u Rwanda ku ya 10 Nzeri, 1990 i Nyandungu, Kigali.

**Chorale de Kigali** ifite icyicaro kuri Paruwasi ya Cathedrale ya Saint Michael . Ariko korari iririmba nizindi ndirimbo ziteza imbere indangagaciro nziza mu ndimi zikoreshwa cyane. Chorale de Kigali yizihiza isabukuru yayo buri ya 15 Kanama ya buri mwaka, umunsi uhurirana n'Ijyanwa mu ijuru rya Bikira Mariya, mu rwego rwo kushimira uruhare rwe rwa mbere mu gucungura abantu.

Kugeza ubu, abanyamuryango ba Chorale de Kigali bagera ku 150 bafite imyaka iri hagati ya 17 na 70. Baturuka mu nzego nyinshi z'ubuzima; baturutse impande zose z'igihugu, imyuga itandukanye irimo abanyeshuri ndetse n'abakozi ba leta ndetse n'abikorera ku giti cyabo bahurira hamwe binyuze mu gukunda kuririmba.

## Ibyagezweho
**Chorale de Kigali** ifite byinshi yagezeho. Yahimbye kandi ikora indirimbo z’ibigo 7 bya Leta n’abigenga, isohora alubumu 13 z’indirimbo z'amajwi, yatangiye gutegura ibitaramo binini bizwi ku izina rya  Christmas Carols Concert, iki gitaramo kibaho iminsi mike mbere ya Noheri kuva 2013. Chorale de Kigali yitabiriye iserukiramuco rya muzika ryitwa Music Beyond Boards (MBB) ryabereye i Kampala mu 2010, naho i Kigali mu 2011 ryateguwe na Chorale de Kigali ku bufatanye na MINISPOC na MINEAC.

## Ubuyobozi
Komite nyobozi ya **Chorale de Kigali** igizwe na Perezida, aba Visi-Perezida babiri, abanyamabanga babiri, n'abashinzwe umutungo babiri. Perezida wa korari ubu ni ***Dr. Albert NZAYISENGA******.***

## Reba
SEBURIKOKO

**Seburikoko** ni filime y'uruhererekane y'inyarwanda yakozwe na Misago Nelly Wilson ayikora binyuze muri Sosiyete itunganya amafilimi ya Afrifame Pictures. Buri gace k'iyi filimi kanyura kuri Televiziyo y'u Rwanda buri wa mbere na buri wa kane saa kumi n'ebyiri na mirongo ine n'itanu za nimugoroba guhera muri Werurwe 2015.

Kuri ubu iyi filimi itunganywa na Zacu Entertainment.

## Abakinnyi

* Niyitegeka Gratien ari Seburikoko.
* Antoinette Uwamahoro ari Siperansiya.
* Umuganwa Sarah ari Mutoni.
* Clapton Kibonge ari Kibonge.
* Chantal Nyakubyara ari Nyiramana.
* Ernest Kalisa ari Rulinda.
* Léon Ngabo ari  Kadogo.
* Noella Niyomubyeyi ari Liliane.

## Amashakiro
Ndahiro II Cyamatare

**Ndahiro II Cyamatare** yari Mwami , cyangwa umwami, mubwami bwu Rwanda mu mpera zikinyejana cya cumi na gatanu. Yategetse hagati ya 1477 na 1510, mu gihe cy'amakimbirane.  Yiciwe mu karere ka Gisenyi arwana n'umwami wa Bugara, umuhungu we Ruganzu II Ndoli aramusimbura. 

Ndahiro II Cyamatare yaboboye ingoma guhera 1477-1510

## Urupfu rwe
Amateka avuga ko Rubingo yatinyutse kwica umwami Ndahiro Cyamatare se wa Ruganzu Ndoli anigarurira u Rwanda.

Ruganzu, umwami uzwiho kuba yari afite ubuhanga buhanitse ndetse n’ubugenge bamwe bagereranyaga n’amashitani cyangwa ubuhanga bwa Nyagasani, yakuranye inzika yo kuzahorera se.

Yabigezeho ubwo yigiraga umuhinzi agatunguka aho Rubingo yari atuye agasanga bahingishije na we akabafasha guhinga yarangiza agakubita ifuni wa muhinza Rubingo akamwica.

Byatumye abagaragu ba Rubingo n’ingabo ze bahita bayoboka Ruganzu maze banywa inzoga bari biteretse bashira inyota. Aho hantu basangiriye ni ho hahise hitwa ku nzoga za Rubingo.

Ni ku musozi wa Jali hejuru, ahantu hagaragara nk’ahari ibitare n’utwobo bavuga ko ari two bashingagamo imiheha ubundi bagasangirira ku ntango ya Ruganzu yagabiwe na Rubingo.

### Muzatsinda Jean Damascene
Umwe mu bahaturiye witwa Muzatsinda Jean Damascene ufite imyaka 68, avuga ko yakuze bavuga ko kera hahoraga habiramo amazi ndetse hakaba haragaragara ikirenge cy’umwami Ruganzu. N’aho umwami yanyuze agenda ngo bahise mu kiryamo cy’inzovu kubera ko hitse cyane.

Yagize ati “Twakuze tubona aha hantu bahubaha cyane ndetse abantu bahagera bakahasangirira ndetse bakanivuga, bakavuga ko ari ho Umwami Ruganzu yasangiriye n’ingabo za Rubingo amaze kumwica ndetse no gusubiza agaciro u Rwanda.”

### Rukizangabo Aloys
umwe mu bakurikira amateka y’u Rwanda yibutsa Abanyarwanda ko nta wundi muntu uzakunda amateka yabo kubarusha.

Ati “Kuki ugera ahantu nk’aha h’amateka ukumva wahakerensa ukavuga ko atari byo, nyamara ugafata indege ukajya muri Isiraheri ugiye kureba ishyamba rya Getsemani cyangwa i Gorogota, nta kindi wahabona uretse ayo mateka bazakubwira cyangwa wasomye! Birakwiye ko natwe dukurikiza urwo rugero ngo twerekane amateka yacu.”

### Kajuga Jerome
Umwe mu bakozi ba komisiyo y’igihugu ya UNESCO, Kajuga Jerome avuga ko igihe kigeze ngo ibikorwa ndangamateka bibungabungwe kandi bibyare umusaruro ku gihugu.

Ati “Hari ibimenyetso ndangamateka byinshi biri mu Rwanda, bikwiye kubungabungwa abantu bakabimenya ndetse bakagira umwanya wo kumenya amakuru yabyo bityo bigatangira gutanga umusaruro, tuzagenda tubikoraho byose.”

## Ibindi
Mu kiryamo cy’inzovu no ku nzoga za Rubingo hamaze gushyirwaho uburyo abantu bashobora kujya bahasura bakabwirwa amateka yaho.

Abafite umwanya wo kuruhuka bakaba baharuhukira, ngo banateganya ko mu minsi ya vuba bazahakora neza kugira ngo harusheho kuba heza no kugira ibikorwaremezo bikwiye byafasha abakerarugendo bahasura.

Amatsinda nk’ibisumizi (ingabo za Ruganzu), Iriba, Ruganzu n’andi akora umukino wo guterera imisozi agamije no gusura ibyo byiza nyaburangwa byaranze amateka y’Abanyarwanda.

## Reba
Ruganzu II Ndoli

**Ruganzu II Ndoli** (?-1543) yari Umwami w'Ubwami bw'u Rwanda Yategetse ahasanga mu w’1510-1543. Yari umuhungu w'umwami Ndahiro II Cyamatare na Nyirangabo-ya-Nyantaba. Ruganzu II ni umwami uzwi cyane mu Rwanda.Umwami Cyamatare n'abagize umuryango we bishwe bunyamaswa na Nyebunga na bagenzi be. Mbere yuko apfa, umwami yateguye kandi ashyira mu bikorwa gahunda yo guhunga umuhungu we. Kugwa biteye agahinda k'umwami Ndahiro I Cyamatare byabaye nyuma gato yuko umuhungu we ahungiye mu bwami buturanye bwa Karagwe. Amaze kurokoka urupfu, igikomangoma kibabaye cyabonye ubuhungiro i Karagwe iyobowe n'umwamikazi wa Karagwe, wabaye nyirasenge. 

Yari umurwanyi ukomeye kandi bivugwa ko yakoze ibitangaza. Ubuzima bwe ningoma ye byamamaye mumigani myinshi mumateka yu Rwanda. Bivugwa ko Ruganzu Ndoli yarezwe na nyirasenge mu Bwami bwa Karagwe kandi abamukomokaho barimo Ndoli Amani mu Rwanda. Abasuye ikigo ndangamuco cya Rulindo Ikire Centre ndangamuco bavuga ko ari ikimenyetso gikomeye cyerekana umwimerere w'amateka n'umuco by'u Rwanda. Ubuyobozi bw'akarere ka Rulindo buvuga ko iki kigo kizwi ku izina rya "Ku birenge bya Ruganzu", ari urugero rw'ukuntu buri karere gashobora kubaka ibimenyetso byihariye by’amateka kandi bigafasha abaturage kubimenya. Usibye kwerekana amateka n'ubudasa bwa Ububeruka ya kera, Bobo, Busigi ndetse n'ibindi bihugu byari bigize Rulindo, ibirori bidasanzwe nk'ubukwe bwa Kinyarwanda, ivuka rya Ruganzu no kwimika ingoma ubu biragaragara.

Bikekwa ko yimye ingoma mu 1510, muri uwo mwaka Henry VIII wo mu Bwongereza yimikwa, apfa 1543 azize kuraswa umwambi mu jisho mugihe umugabo witwa Bitibibisi wo muri Rusenyi (ubu Karongi) yarashe umwambi mu jisho rye.
Bikekwa ko yimye ingoma mu 1510, Ruganzu kandi yafashije Umwami wa Bugesera, Rwayitare, gutera no gutsinda Umwami w'Uburundi Ntare II Kibogora, bari bafitanye amakimbirane. Ruganzu kandi yashimangiye umubano w’ibihugu byombi hagati yu Rwanda na Karagwe, aho nyirasenge yari umwamikazi wamurindaga akamwigisha kurwana.

## Urutonde rwerekana
Yuhi IV Gahindiro

**Yuhi IV Gahindiro** yari Umwami w'u Rwanda kuva 1792 kugeza 1802. Yari umutware w'umuryango wa Bahindiro akaba na se wa Mutara II Rwogera . Ingoma ye yibukwa mu mateka y'u Rwanda nk'amahoro menshi. Yapfuye nta maraso afite mu ntoki. Abandi bana be banditswe ni Nyirindekwe, Nkusi, Rubega, Rwanyanya , Rwayega, Rwabika, Nyabigondo, Nkoronko, Mutijima, Nyamashara, Rubamburamanzi, Mashara na Urujeni.  Yuhi IV yapfuye ashaje.
François Hollande

**François Hollande** yari Perezida wa Repubulika y’Ubufaransa kuva ku ya 15 Gicurasi 2012 kugeza ku ya 14 Gicurasi 2017.
Mutara II Rwogera

**Mutara II Rwogera** ni umwami ( *Mwami* ) ya Rwanda wategekaga hagati ya XIX tariki  kinyejana , nyuma Yuhi IV. Nyuma y'itariki ya 1 Kamena 1853, Umwami Mutara II Rwogera yapfuye nyuma yo kurwara, ariko umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta wabujije Abiru kumenyesha umwamikazi Nyiramavugo Nyiramongi iby'urupfu rwe, umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta kubera ko yari yanze kunywa kandi akaba atagomba kuguma nyuma y'umwami. Igihe itara ryaka, Rwakagara, mukuru wa mwamikazi, yamusomye ku mata aramwica. Ingoma ya Mutara niyo yarangije guteganya kwigarurira Gisaka, igihugu kitoroshye. Muri icyo gihe kandi ni bwo u Rwanda rwatakaje ijwi, kubera ko ku bijyanye n'umusoro ngarukamwaka nk'uko bisanzwe, indagu yerekanaga ko bidashoboka kubyakira igihe umwami yari arembye cyane, gusa akabisubiza. Kuva icyo gihe, ikirwa cyiganje mu Rwanda. Rwabugili, warazwe ubwami na se,yakoze akazi gakomeye kugarura.
Gihanga I

**Gihanga I** ("umuremyi", "washinze") ni intwari y’umuco yo mu Rwanda ivugwa mu nkuru zo mu kanwa hamwe n’umwami w’abatutsi wa kera wemera ko hamenyekana ubwami bwa kera bw’u Rwanda. Indi migani ivuga ko Gihanga kandi yatangije ibintu by'ibanze bigize umuco mu biyaga bigari bya Afurika, harimo kwibanda, gukundwa, ibyuma, guhiga, amashyamba n’ubutaka. Imigenzo y'idini yatangiriye hafi ya Gihanga mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba no mu majyaruguru y'u Rwanda rwagati, nyuma iza gukurikizwa mu rukiko rw'umwami na Ruganza Ndori, umwami w'icyamamare wakomeje gushimangira ubwami bwa Nyiginya mu kinyejana cya 16. Abanyamadini barimo umuriro wa Gihanga, wakomeje gutwikwa mu binyejana byinshi mu rukiko rw’umwami ahantu hazwi ku izina rya "ahantu amata y’amata" kandi bikekwa ko yatwitse kuva ku ngoma ya Gihanga kugeza ku ngoma ya Juhi. V Musing mu 1932 .; kohereza amakoro kuva mu rukiko rw'umwami mu mujyi wa Muganza muri Rukoma, aho bemeza ko imva ya Gikhanga iherereye; no kubika ubushyo bw'inka mu rukiko rw'umwami, bikekwa ko biva mu bushyo bwa Gihanga. Izi nka ziyobowe n’umuryango wa Heck wo mu muryango wa Zigaba, wabaga hafi y’imva kandi ugaha urukiko ibwami bamwe mu bahanga babo bubahwa kandi bakomeye. Undi muryango wabantu nkabo, Singa Tega, nawo wabonye icyubahiro bitewe nuko umwe mubasekuruza babo, Nyabutege, bivugwa ko yavumbuye ihame ryingoma yumwami kuri Gihang.
Umugenzo w'idini mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro Gihanga wavutse mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba no mu majyaruguru y'u Rwanda rwagati, maze usubizwa mu rukiko rw'umwami na Ruganzu II Ndoli, umwami ukomeye mu mateka wakomeje gushimangira ubwami bw'u Rwanda mu kinyejana cya 16 Mu bigize iryo dini harimo umuriro wa Gihanga, wahoraga ucanwa mu binyejana byinshi mu rukiko rw’umwami ahantu hazwi ku izina rya "ahantu inka zanyerera," kandi bivugwa ko zahoraga zaka kuva ku ngoma ya Gihanga. umuriro wa Gihanga wazimye ku ngoma ya Yuhi V Musinga mu 1932 abitegetswe n'abategetsi b'Ababiligi. Kohereza amakoro kuva mu rukiko rw'umwami aho Muganza yari i Rukoma bisa nkaho byerekana ko ari imva ya Gihanga; kandi umukumbi wurugo rwibwami bavugaga ko wakomotse mubushyo bwa Gihanga. Izi nka zacungwaga n'umuryango wa Heka wo mu muryango wa Zigaba, wabaga hafi y'imva kandi ugaha urukiko bamwe mu mihango yabo yubahwa kandi ikomeye. Undi muryango w’imihango, Tega wo mu muryango wa Singa, wabonye icyubahiro cy’uko umwe mu basekuruza babo, Nyabutege, yahishuye ihame ry’ingoma y’ingoma (Kalinga) i Gihanga.
Kanyarwanda I Gahima I

**Kanyarwanda I Gahima I** (uzwi kandi ku izina rya Kanyarwanda I, Kayima I, Ghem, Khem, Kakama, Khm mu Banyafurika y'Iburasirazuba yari Mwami, cyangwa Umwami w'u Rwanda bivugwa ko nyuma y'ingoma ndende ya Gihanga ikikije inkomoko ya Nili. Gahima Nizera ko ari sekuruza w'abasekuruza muri rusange. Amatsinda y'Abatutsi, Abahutu n'Abatutsi yose agize umuryango w'abasangwabutaka bo mu Rwanda. Nkuko akekwa ko ari umwana cyangwa umwuzukuru wa Gihanga I izina risobanura umuremyi, sekuru wa nyina wa Gahima yavuzwe mu magambo gakondo gakondo y'u Rwanda nka Rurenge. Izina risobanura. "Ikirenge kinini".
Rwanda Cricket Stadium

Stade nkuru y'umukino wa cricket mu Rwanda ibarizwa i Gahanga mu Akarere ka Kicukiro, ikaba 

ariyo stade mpuzamahanga ya Cricket mu Rwanda 

## Amateka
Muri Kanama 2011, Fondasiyo ya Sitade ya Cricket mu Rwanda yashinzwe nk'igikorwa cy’urukundo, ikora nka sosiyete idashingiye ku nyungu, hagamijwe ko yubaka  ikanacunga ikibuga cy’imikino mpuzamahanga cya mbere cyeguriwe u Rwanda . kubaka iki kibuga byarangiye muri Werurwe 2017.  Iherereye kuri hegitari 4.5 ku nkombe ya Kigali, umurwa mukuru w'u Rwanda.    Kuri ubu stade yakira amarushanwa ya Kwibuka Women T20 ngarukamwaka, 

Iyi nkunga iyobowe n'itsinda ry'abakunzi ba Cricket baturutse mu Bwongereza no mu Rwanda ku bufatanye na Fondasiyo ya Marylebone Cricket Club.

Mu mwaka wa 2012, Brian Lara  yemeye kuba umwe mu ba Patron b'ubutaka. Iyi Sitade kandi ishyigikiwe n’uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’intebe w’Ubwongereza, David Cameron , Andrew Mitchell, Jonathan Agnew, Heather Knight, Peter Gummer, Baron Chadlington  

Muri 2018, ikibanza cyatoranijwe kugira ngo kizakire imikino mumatsinda ya 2018–19 ICC World Twenty20 Africa Qualifier Itsinda ry'iburasirazuba.   

Iyi stade kandi yakiriye amarushanwa ya T20 y'abagore ya Kwibuka ya 2019,  amarushanwa ya Cricket y'abagore, mu rwego rwo kwibuka abishwe na Rwanda mu 1994. 

## Inyandiko mpuzamahanga

### Abagore Ikinyejana cya 20
Ibinyejana bine WT20I byatsinzwe aho byabereye. 

#### Abagore Twenty20 Mpuzamahanga batwara amajwi atanu
Imikino imwe ya WT20I yatwaye amajwi atanu yafatiwe aha hantu. 

 

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Fondasiyo ya Cricket ya Rwanda
* ikinyamakuru espncricinfo
* UNICERSITY CRICKET kuri OXFORD

## Ishakiro
Kwibuka

Kwibuka ni igikorwa ngaruka mwaka kiba buri tariki zirindwi (7) z'ukwezi kwa kane mu Rwanda, hibukwa jenocide yakorewe abatutsi mu 

mwaka w'1994.
Guillermo Lasso

**Guillermo Lasso Mendoza**, wavutse ku ya 16 Ugushyingo 1955 i Guayaquil, yabaye Perezida wa Repubulika ya uquateur kuva ku ya 24 Gicurasi 2021.
Muammar el-Gaddafi

**Muammar Muhammad Abu Abd nk'uko-Salam al-Minya Qaddhafí**  (mu mu Arabic : **معمر القذافي** Muammar *al-Gaddafi* amatwi ( ·? Pp. ) ), Ubusanzwe yandukuraga mu  **Muammar el-Gaddafi**  kandi akenshi yitwa **colonel Gaddafi** (butayu Sirte , Nyakanga 7 ya 1942  - 20 Ukwakira mu 2011  ) yari umuntu gisirikare umunyapolitiki Libya , umukuru w'igihugu kuva 1969 ngo    2011 , umwaka w'impinduramatwara ya Libiya.
Rwanda-Urundi

U Rwanda-Urundi ni izina rya kera ku Rwanda n'Uburundi. Bombi bari bagize Afurika y'Iburasirazuba kugeza mu 1916. Mu gihe cy'Intambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose, ingabo z'Ababiligi Publique zaturutse muri Kongo zateye mu turere twazo; mu bukoloni bw’Abadage uturere twakiriwe n’abongereza kuguma ku ruhande rw’Ababiligi.
Genghis Khan

**Genghis Khan**, izina ry'amavuko **Temutšin** ( 1155 cyangwa 1162 - 1227 ) ni amateka y’igihugu kinini mu bwami bwa Mongoliya , washinze na suurkhaan .
Ishusho ya Genghis Khan kuva mu  kinyejana cya 14 .           

Inkomoko ya kure y'abakurambere ba Genghis Khan ntabwo isobanutse. Abashinwa bavuze umusatsi utukura n'amaso meza ya se Jesugei-bagaturi. Aho Temuchin yavukiye ni Buryatia y'ubu . Mu Buryats na Tuvaluans ni yo moko ya Abamongoli isiganwa mu Burusiya .

## Abamongoli na Horde ya Zahabu
Genghis Khan n'abamusimbuye bashinze ubwami bunini mu mateka muri Aziya , bigarurira kandi bigarurira igice kinini cy'Ubushinwa , Aziya yo hagati , Siberiya y'Amajyepfo n'utundi turere mu myaka makumyabiri . Mu 1223 , mu Abamongoli barungitswe Corps na ku Polovets ingabo ya batatu Russian principalities n'abambari babo baricanye mu ntambara ya Kalka , yari yatsinze ingabo Abamongoli.

Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Genghis Khan, igihugu cyagabanijwemo abahungu be muri ulul, maze umuhungu we wa gatatu, Ugedei ( Ögödei ) (1227-1241) , aba umutware w'igihugu - Khan wa kabiri ukomeye wakomeje neza politiki yo kwigarurira se. . Ulus yagombaga gutanga ingabo zo kwiyamamaza. Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 13, abaturage b'Abanyamongoliya basabwe kuba abantu bagera ku 500.000 (ugereranije: miliyoni zirenga 50 mu Bushinwa, abagera kuri miliyoni 5 mu Burusiya, 400.000 kugeza 500.000 Polovets, 150.000 kugeza 200.000).
Radoje Domanović

**Radoje Domanović** (16 Gashyantare 1873 – 17 Kanama 1908) yarumwandi wo muri Seribiya, umunyamakuru n’ umwalimu. Yamenyekanye cyane kubera inkuru yandikaga zitwa kunenga. 

## Inshamake z’ubuzima bwe
Radoje Domanović yavukiye mu umudugudu wa Ovsište hagati muri Serebiya yize amashuri y’isumbuye muri Kragujevac, akomereza muri kaminuza ya Belgrade mu ishami Firosofe aho yigiye ururima rwa Seribiya n’amateka. Kuva 1895–1898 Domanović yakoze nkumwarimi w’ururimi ry’uru Seribiya n’amateka mu majyepfo ya Seribiya. 

Mugihe yarari kwigisha yatangiye kwandika inkuru. Kubera umubano yaarafitanye n’ishyaka rirwanya ubutegetsi, yatakaje akazi ke noneho yimukana n’umuryango we muri Belgrade. Muri Belgrade, yatangiye gukora nk’umunyamakuru munyandiko za politike, aho yandikaga yamagana imiyoborere mibi ya leta yari ku ubutegetsi icyo gihe. Radoje yamenyekanye nyuma yo kwandika inkuru yambere yitwaga, “Umuyobozi” (1901) na “Stradija” (1902). Kubera imyitwarire ye, yamenyekanye nkumwe mubarwanyaga ubutegetsi bwa Obrenović. 

Nyuma y’ihirika kubutegetsi 1903, Domanović yahawe umwanya muri minisiteri y’uburezi, leta nshya Agarutse muri Seribiya, Radoje yasanze ntampinduka yabaye muri mubaturage. Yatangiye ikinyamakuru cye cya politiki kitwaga “Stradija”, aho yakomeje kunenga integernkeya za demokarasi nshyashya, ariko inyandiko ze ntago zari zigifite imbaraga ntago zashishikarizaga nkuko zahoze. 

Radoje Domanović yitabye imana saa sita n’igice 17 kanama 1908 afite imya 35. Yaramaze igihe arwaye indwara zo mubuhumekero. Inyandiko ze zasigaye atazishyize hanze zaratakaye muntambara yambere y’isi. Butewe n’akamaro yagize mukurwanya imbaraga za leta zabagaho icyogihe, yafatwaga nk’umwanditsi mwiza muri Seribiya mukinyejana cya 20.

## Zimwe munyandiko

Zimwe munyandiko ze nizi zikurikira:

* Gukuraho ibyiyumviro bikomeye, 1898
* Imyukamibi, 1898
* Intekerezo zabanya Seribiya, ikimasa, 1902
* Inyanja yakamye, 1902
* Kraljević Marko mubanyaSeribiya kunshuro ya kabiri, 1901
* Umuyobozi, 1901
* Stradija, 1902

## Reba
 

## Imiyoboro
Inyandiko zuzuye za Radoje Domanović
Michel-Ange Nzojibwami

**Michel-Ange Nzojibwami numukinnyi n'umuyobozi wa filime i** Burundi . Yamenyekanye cyane ku rwego mpuzamahanga kubera imikorere ye nka Coloneli Théoneste Bagosora muri filime *Shake Hands With Devil*, akaba yarabonye igihembo cya Genie igihembo cy'umukinnyi witwaye neza ku nshuro ya 28 yo gutanga ibihembo bya Genie Awards mu 2008. 

Yabaye umuyobozi wa Tubiyage, isosiyete ikora amakinamico yo mu Burundi,  ndetse na visi-perezida w’umuryango w’inganda w’amafirime COPRODAC.

## Reba
 

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Michel-Ange Nzojibwami at IMDb
Marcelline Aboh

**Marcelline Aboh** (1940 - 20 Kanama 2017), uzwi ku izina rya **Détin Bonsoir**, yari umukinnyi wa filime wo muri Bénine ukomoka i Porto-Novo  . Yapfuye azize indwara y'umutima nyuma yo kugira ibibazo by'ubuzima kubera imyaka ye. 

Yari umunyarwenya nyamukuru ***witsinda ryabantu-basetsa Les échos de la capitale***  .  Yatangiye kwifatanya nabo mu 1980 nyuma yo gutangira umwuga we wa teatre mu 1958. 

Yari umukinnyi wa filime kandi anazikora, yabyaye abana umunani. 

## Reba
Anna Mazzamauro

**Anna Mazzamauro** (wavutse 1 Ukuboza 1938) ni umukinnyi wa filime w'umutaliyani, umunyarwenya ndetse n'umukozi kuri tereviziyo.

## Ubuzima n'umwuga
**Anna Maria Mazzamauro** yavukiye i Roma, atangira gukina filime mu 1967, muri  Massimo Franciosa's Pronto *... c'è una certa Giuliana per te* .   Azwi cyane kubera uruhare rwe nka Madamu Silvani *mu rukurikirane rwa* film ya Fantozzi.   Mu 1994, yatowe muri Nastro d'Argento nk'umukinnyi witwaye neza kurusha abandi kubera ibikorwa bye muri *Fantozzi in paradiso* .   Mazzamauro akora cyane kuri stage no kuri tereviziyo  kandi ni umwanditsi akaba n'umuririmbyi.

## Amashusho

## Reba
 

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* 
* Anna Mazzamauro at Discogs
Geppi Cucciari

**Maria Giuseppina Cucciari** (wavutse ku ya 18 Kanama 1973), uzwi cyane ku izina rya **Geppi Cucciari**, ni umutaliyani uhagaze neza mu bijyanye no gusetsa, akaba umukinnyi wa filime akaba na' umunyamakuru kuri televiziyo.

## Ubuzima n'umwuga
Cucciari yavukiye i Cagliari, yamaze ubuto bwe i Macomer, mu ntara ya Nuoro .  Yize amategeko muri kaminuza ya Cagliari, amaherezo yimukira i Milan ari naho yarangirije muri Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore .  Mu 2000 yinjiye mu mahugurwa yikinamico "Scaldasole" nyuma yinjira muri laboratoire y' ubuhanzi Zelig. 

Nyuma yo gukora kuri stage no muri gahunda nyinshi za radiyo, Cucciari yagize ikibazo mu 2003 hamwe na *Zelig Off zitandukanye* . Hagati ya 2005 na 2009, yari asanzwe muri sitcom *Belli dentro*, maze mu 2006 atangira kuba umwanditsi hamwe n’igitabo gisekeje cyitwa *Meglio donna che male accompagnata* .  Nkumunyamakuru, yakiriye inyandiko ebyiri za Canale 5 yerekana *Ubutaliyani bwabonye Talent* .  

## Reba

  

*
Gertrude Curtis

Gertrude Curtis 

Gertrude Curtis, kuva mu kinyamakuru cyo mu 1910

**Yavutse**                      1 Werurwe, 1880

**Yapfuye**                      3 Kanama, 1973

**Ubwenegihugu**          Umunyamerika

**Andi mazina**               Gertrude Curtis McPherson (Twongeyeho izina ry'umugabo ryemewe n'amategeko)

**Umwuga**                      Umuganga w'amenyo

**Uwo Bashakanye**       Cecil Mack       

Ulysses "Slow Kid" Thompson              

**Gertrude Elizabeth Curtis** (1 Werurwe 1880 - 3 Kanama 1973), uzwi kandi ku izina rya **Gertrude Curtis McPherson**, yari umuganga w’amenyo w’umunyamerika. Yakoze umwuga we igihe kinini i Harlem.

## Ubuzima bwambere n'uburere
Curtis akomoka i Bradford, muri Pennsylvania,  yari umukobwa wa Stephen Curtis na Agnes Elizabeth Curtis. Se yakoraga umwuga wo kogosha. Curtis Yarangije muri kaminuza ya New York College of Dental and Oral Surgery mu 1909,  yabaye umugore w'umwirabura wa mbere wabonye impamyabumenyi mu mwuga wo kuvura rw’amenyo i New York. 

## Umwuga
Nyuma gato yo gusoza amashuri yiwe yo kuvura amenyo, Curtis yayoboye ivuriro ry'amenyo Bitaro bya Bellevue .  Yakoze i Harlem imyaka myinshi.  

Curtis yakoraga muri politiki no mu miryango itegamiye kuri leta.   Yabaye intumwa mu nama ya Republican State Convention yabereye i Saratoga mu 1918,  kandi yongera guhagararira club yitwa Roosevelt Colored Women's Republican mu nama ya Republican State Convention i Chicago mu 1920. Yabaye perezida w'ihuriro ry’abagore b'imyuga n'ubucuruzi i Harlem mu 1932.  Yari umunyamuryango wa NAACP, yatanze ikiganiro mu  ishyirahamwe rya YWCA no mu itorero Mother Zion ku ngingo z’ubuzima,  hanyuma anafasha gukusanya amafaranga yo gufasha ishyirahamwe ryitwa "Sojourner Truth Home for Wayward Girls".  Yakoranye umwete muri Harlem Experimental Theatre . 

Curtis yagize uruhare mubikorwa by'ubuhanzi by'umugabo we. Yafashije kumenyekanisha igitaramo kidasanzwe cyitwa *Shuffle Along* ahagana mu 1921, cyari inyungu ya NAACP.  Yagiye mu gitaramo cyazengurutse i Burayi mu 1923, kandi akaba yaranayoboye chorale mu kindi gitaramo cyazengurutse i Burayi mu 1929  no 1930. 

## Ubuzima bwite
Curtis yashakanye na Cecil Mack (Richard Cecil McPherson) wahibye "Charleston" mu 1912; yapfakaye igihe Mack yapfaga mu 1944.   Mu 1946,  yabaye umugore wa kane wumubyinnyi Ulysses "Slow Kid" Thompson, wari warapfushije umugore we Florence Mills.  Curtis yapfuye mu 1973 afite imyaka 93.  

## Indanganturo
 

## Izindi Ntanganturo

* "Tribute to Gertrude E. Curtis, one of the first African-American female dentists" *The Daily Floss* (February 12, 2019). Blog post about Curtis.
Regina Cobb

Regina Cobb

Umwe mu bagize umutwe w'abasenateri mu Ntara ya gatanu ariyo Arizona 

Ni we muyobozi uriho

**Yatangiye imirimo**

5 Mutarama 2015

Yakoranaga na Leo Biasiucci

**Yabanjirijwe na**           Doris Goodale

**Amakuru yihariye**

**Ubwenegihugu**              Umunyamerika

**Ishyaka rya Politike**       Repubulikana

**Regina Cobb** ni umusenateri w'umurepubulikana uhagarariye inteko ishinga amategeko mu ntara ya gatanu ariyo Arizona afatanyije na Sonny Borrelli . 

Ni umuganga w’amenyo.  Yarangije muri kaminuza ya Case Western Reserve University mu 1993, ubu akaba akora i Kingman, muri Arizona. Yabaye Perezida w’ishyirahamwe ry'ubuvuzi bw'amenyo muri Arizona muri 2009. 

## Amatora

* Muri 2014 Cobb na Sonny Borrelli batsinze Jennifer Jones, Sam Medrano na George Schnittgrund mu matora y'icyiciro cya mbere cy'abarepubulikana. Borrelli na Cobb batsinze Longoria na Weisser mu matora rusange. Borrelli yabonye amajwi asaga 31.277. 

## Indanganturo
 

## Izindi Ndanganturo
Uburiri

A **uburiri** , **uburiri** cyangwa **ikirago** ni A Ikadiri inkwi, pulasitiki cyangwa ibindi ibikoresho bakoresha mu n'uruza imizigo kuko byorohereza ivyuma no gukemura aboroheje hydraulic cranes, yitwa forklifts. Uwa mbere wayikoresheje ni Ingabo z’Amerika gutanga ingabo zayo mu Burayi mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose .

1 x 1.2 pallet yimbaho

Ibipimo bikunze kugaragara kuri pallet platform ni ibi bikurikira (muri milimetero):

* *800 x 1200* kubicuruzwa byose byabaguzi. Ibisanzwe bya *palette ya Euro* cyangwa *pallet yuburayi* nubwoko bwihariye bwa pallet hamwe nibi bipimo. Iki cyemezo cyemejwe mu Burayi cyangiza pallet y'Abanyamerika kugirango ikoreshe neza ibipimo by'agasanduku k'imodoka, bifite ubugari bwa 2400. Hamwe n'iki gipimo cya pallet, pallet ebyiri zishobora gushyirwa hejuru y'agasanduku mu cyerekezo kimwe cyangwa bitatu muyindi.
* *1000 x 1200* kubicuruzwa byamazi. Rimwe na rimwe bita *pallet y'Abanyamerika* .

Kandi mu buryo butandukanye:

* *600 x 800* ikoreshwa mubicuruzwa by ibiribwa,
* *600 x 1000* yakoreshejwe gake mumazi,

Inganda rimwe na rimwe zifite ibindi bipimo cyangwa ibipimo byihariye, cyane cyane urwego rwa shimi. Ibipimo 800 x 1200 nibyo byakwirakwiriye cyane mu Burayi, nubwo urugero rwa 1000 x 1200 na rwo rusanzwe.

Bivugwa ko ikirago y'ubukode bituma incahagati guhinduranya 3.9 buri mwaka mu nganda no kugeza 8 guhinduranya mu gukwirakwiza . Sisitemu ikwirakwijwe cyane yo gukoresha pallet ni ubukode bwayo kuri 'pisine' ishinzwe kubikusanyiriza aho bigana no kongera kuboneka kubabikora. Kimwe mu bidengeri binini ni Chep, kuri ubu ikaba ifite amato miliyoni 140 yo gukodesha mu Burayi.

## Ibikoresho
Palasitike

* **Pallet** . Ihagarariye hagati ya 90% na 95% yisoko rya pallet. Kugeza ubu, amabwiriza mpuzamahanga arasaba kuvura ibiti bigenewe koherezwa hanze. Pallet irashobora rero gutakaza ubutware bwayo mu gutwara abantu ku isi kuko hari uburyo bubiri bwo kuvura, nta na bumwe muri bwo bworoshye gusaba kubunini bunini:
** Koresha ubushyuhe byibuze 56º yubushyuhe muminota 30.
** Fumigate hamwe na bromide .
* **Palasitike** . Hamwe no kutagaragara, irerekanwa nkubundi buryo bwikarito pallet yoherejwe mpuzamahanga. Mubisanzwe, ni pallet yatoranijwe kugirango ihuze uburemere bwayo nisuku yayo. Mubisanzwe bigenewe amasoko niche murwego rwibikoresho byinganda aho bikwiriye cyane mububiko bwikora.
* **Ibikarato ikirago** . Kugaragara muri kataloge ya cartoneros nkuru, yahisemo kubwishingizi bwisuku kuko nigicuruzwa gikoreshwa. Ikarito yikarito ikoreshwa rimwe kandi igenewe cyane cyane isoko ryubuhinzi cyangwa ubuhinzi-bwibiryo.
* **Ikibaho** . Ikozwe mu mbaho ​​zometseho imbaho , imaze imyaka irenga makumyabiri ariko iracyari moderi izwi cyane. Conglomerate pallet yerekejwe mu bwikorezi mpuzamahanga aho impuzandengo yikigereranyo igera kuri kilo 200.
Amatora ya Wikipedia

Amatora yo muri 2021 Board of Trustees Aamatora ateganyijwe kuba kuwa 4 zukwamunani 2021 kugeza kuwa 17 zukamunani 2021. abagize umuryango wa Wikimedia bafite amahirwe yo gutora abakandida bane mugihe kingana nimyaka itatu. gutanga candidatire kubashaka kwiyamamaza,biteganyijwe gutangira kmukwezi kwa kamena itarki 9 2021. ayo matariki ni ayagateganyo ashobora guhinduka
Kigali BK Arena

**BK Arena** (yahoze yitwa **Kigali Arena** kugeza muri 2022) ni ikibuga cy'imbere mu nzu kiri mu mujyi wa Kigali mu Rwanda, gikoreshwa cyane mu mikino ya basketball na volley ball. Yubatswe kandi irangira muri 2019, yakira ibirori bya siporo n'ibitaramo. Ni ikibuga kinini cyo mu nzu muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba kandi giherereye iruhande rwa Stade Amahoro .  

Ikibuga gikoreshwa buri gihe mu mikino muri Rwanda Basketball League (muri RBL). Yubatswe na SUMMA, ni umushoramari mpuzamahanga wa Turukiya.

Muri 2021, Kigali Arena yasinyanye amasezerano n’umuririmbyi w’u Rwanda Bruce Melodie kugira ngo amubere ambasaderi w’ikirango mu myaka itatu iri imbere afite intego imwe yo gushyira ahazabera ihuriro ry’imyidagaduro mu karere.  

Ku ya 24 Gicurasi 2022, izina ry'ikibuga ryahinduwe kuri BK Arena nyuma y’imyaka itandatu yo gutera inkunga ifite agaciro ka miliyari 7 RF hamwe na Banki ya Kigali . 

## Ubwubatsi
Ku ya 9 Kanama 2019, ikibuga cyatashywe mu mukino wa basketball wahuje Patriot BBC na REG BBC, Perezida w’u Rwanda, Paul Kagame .  

Muri 2021, Kigali Arena yakinnye yakira imikino yo gutangiza shampiyona ya Basketball Africa League (Muri BAL) na shampiyona ya Afrobasket 2021 . Muri 2022, igihembwe cya kabiri cya BAL cyakinnye imikino yo kwishyura mu kibuga. 

## Ibiranga
Kigali Arena ni ikibuga cy'imbere 10,000 mu mikino yo mu rugo nka basketball, handball, volley ball, na tennis, ndetse nibitaramo ninama.  Ikibuga cy'imikino giherereye hafi ya 30.000 ya Stade Amahoro hamwe na Sitade Amahoro bicara 2500. 

## Ibyabaye

Kigali Arena yakiriye ibirori bitandukanye by'imikino imikino ya Shampiyona y’Abagore y’abatarengeje imyaka 16 ya FIBA, AfroBasket 2021, na Shampiyona y’ibihugu bya Afurika 2021 . Bizakira Afrobasket y'abagore 2023 .

Yakiriye imikino yanyuma ya Shampiyona yigihugu ya Basketball mu Rwanda 2019, igurisha imikino myinshi.  Ikibuga cy'agombaga kwakira Final yanyuma y'igihembwe cy'ambere cyo gutangiza shampiyona yu mukino wa Basketball Afrika (BAL), ariko amaherezo yakiriye ibihe byose bisanzwe byo muri 2021 kubera icyorezo cya COVID-19 .  BK Arena kandi yakiriye imikino yo kwishyura mu 2022 na 2023, nyuma y’amasezerano hagati ya BAL na Minisiteri ya Siporo.

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze
Nyamirambo

Umurenge wa Nyamirambo ni umwe murenge 10 igize akarere ka Nyarugenge, ukaba ugizwe n'utugari dutandukanye, kamwe muri two akaba ari akagari ka Mumena, kabarizwamo ibikorwa remezo bitandukanye, twavuga; nk'amashuri:  Ex: College St Andre, EP St Nicolas, etc... Paruwasi St Charles Lwanga (Cyangwa Paruwasi yitiriwe Mutagatifu Karoli Lwanga, Ikibuga cy'Umupira w'amaguru cyitwa Sitade Mumena
Kiriziya y'umuryango mutagatifu

Kiriziya y, umuryango mutagatifu ,Ikigali iherereye mukarere ka nuarugenge 
**Kiriziya  ya Sainte-Famille** (Itorero ryumuryango Mutagatifu) ni kiliziya gatolika i Kiyovu, mu mujyi wa Kigali, mu Rwanda . Iherereye ku musozi, hafi y'akarere k'ubucuruzi ka Nyarugenge. 

## Ubwubatsi
Inyubako yubatswe mumatafari atukura, ariko uruhande rwayo rwarimbishijwe namakaro yumweru . Usibye iyo paruwasi, harimo n'ihoteli, ivuriro, ishuri ryibanze, ishuri ritwara ibinyabiziga n’inyubako zahawe abantu na paruwasi.

## Amateka
Iyi nyubako yubatswe mu 1913, ni rimwe mu matorero manini yo muri uyu mujyi.

Muri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi 1994, ibihumbi by'abatutsi bahungiye muri iryo torero kandi benshi baricwa, nyuma y'urupfu rwa Perezida Juvénal Habyarimana .  Ababibonye bavuze ko umupadiri wari ushinzwe iryo torero, Padiri Wenceslas Munyeshyaka, yitwaje intwaro kandi afasha imitwe yitwara gisirikare y’Abahutu gukura abantu muri iryo torero kugira ngo bicwe.  Munyeshyaka ni we wari nyirabayazana w'ubwo bwicanyi bwinshi, yemera ko "reka imitwe yitwara gisirikare itora abo bashaka buri kanya."    Wenceslas Munyeshyaka yangaga abatutsi abita *inyenzi* . 

Nyuma yibi bibaye hamwe nandi asa nandi matorero, benshi mubanyarwanda binjiye mubuyisilamu  . Nyuma y’imyaka icumi, papa Antoine Kambanda, umuyobozi w’ishami ryaho ry’umuryango utabara imbabare wa Caritas, yemeye ko bamwe mu bagize kiliziya gatolika bagize uruhare muri ubwo bwicanyi, nubwo abandi bakoze uko bashoboye kugira ngo babakumire. 

## Reba
Urwibutso rwa jenocide rwa Nyamata

**Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata** rwubatswe ku cyahoze ari urusengero mu birometero 30 uvuye mu majyepfo ya Kigali mu Rwanda, hibukirwa itsembabwoko ryo mu Rwanda mu 1994. Imibiri y'abantu 50.000 yashyinguwe hano. 

## Aho biherereye
Uru rwibutso ni rumwe mu hantu hatandatu hibukirwa Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda. Abandi ni Urwibutso rwa Murambi, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ntarama, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali, n'Urwibutso rwa Nyarubuye.  Hariho nizindi nzibutso zisaga 250 zanditswe zibitse imibiri y'abatutsi benshi bishwe muri jenoside yo mu Rwanda.

## Amateka

Itsembabwoko mu Rwanda ryatangiye muri Mata 1994. Abatutsi benshi bahungiye mubyitwaga amatorero yafatwaga nk'ahantu abantu babonera umutekano muby'ukuri hatavogerwa. Abantu bagera ku 10,000 bahungiye muri uru rusengero barifungirana. Inkuta ziyi nzu yari urusengero yerekana uburyo abakoze genocide baciye umwobo mu rukuta rw'iyo nzu kugira ngo grenade zishobore kujugunywa muri uru  rusengero maze zice imbaga yari yaruhungiyemo. Nyuma yibyo, abantu bari imbere bararashwe abandi bicishwa imihoro . Igisenge cy'itorero cyerekana imyobo y'amasasu kandi igitambaro cy'urutambiro kiracyafite amaraso. Ibyinshi mu bisigazwa byarashyinguwe ariko hasigaye imyenda nindangamuntu.  Indangamuntu nizo zagaragazaga abantu nk'abatutsi cyangwa abahutu.

Abantu bo muri aka gace kegeranye n'urusengero nyuma y'ubwicanyi bwakorewe kuri iryo torero nabo barishwe. Ibisigazwa byabantu 50.000 byashyinguwe hano. 

## Reba kandi

* Nyamata 

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Umunsi wo Kwibohoza kwa Nyamata, urugendo rwa panoramic muri 2014, The Guardian
* Ububiko bwa Jenoside yo mu Rwanda
Gereza ya Gikondo

**Gereza ya Gikondo** cyangwa **Gereza yo mu mujyi wa Kigali**  yahoze yitwa **Gereza ya nyarugenge 1930** 

iherereye i Kigali, mu Rwanda . Yubatswe mu myaka ya za 1930, yari igamije kubamo abantu bagiye bakora ibyaha bazwi cyane kw'izina ry'imfungwa nkeya cyane. Nyuma ya jenoside yo mu Rwanda, umubare wariyongereye ugera ku 50.000 kuko umubare munini w'abagororwa bari abajenosideri. Benshi bazanywe mu nkiko za Gacaca kugira ngo baburanishwe kubera ibyaha by'intambara  na jenocide ariko bakaguma muri gereza.

Komite mpuzamahanga ya Croix-Rouge yagize uruhare runini mu gusuzuma aho bafungiye, imibereho yabo ndetse no muzindi  gereza zo mu Rwanda, muri jenocide byarushijeho kuba bibi nubwo byagaragaye ko hari iterambere mbere y'intambara.

Mu Kwakira 1999, ICRC yashyikirije raporo y'ibanga abayobozi bakuru bo mu Rwanda. Nyuma y’imishyikirano, CICR yongeye kunoza itangwa ry’ibiribwa, umutungo n’imiti ku mfungwa z’abasivili, isana gereza kandi itanga ibikoresho byo kwifashisha muri gereza. 

## Abagororwa bazwi
Valérie Bemeriki

## Reba
Inzu Ndangamurage ya Richard Kandt

**Inzu ndangamurage ya Kandt**  niyo nzu ya mbere yubatswe i  Kigali, mu Rwanda . Ikaba ikurikiranywa n'Ikigo cy'ingoro z'umurage w'u Rwanda .

## Amateka

Yitiriwe Richard Kandt, mu cyahoze ari inzu y’umuturage w’Ubudage Richard Kandt ku musozi wa Nyarugenge mu mujyi wa Kigali, ubu wahinduwe inzu ndangamurage y’amateka kuva muri Kamere muri 2006. Iyi nzu ndangamurage yibanda ku  kwerekana impinduka zibaho ku binyabuzima , ibisobanuro bya Flora na Fauna muri Pariki Kamere z’u Rwanda (Nyungwe, Akagera n’ibirunga), imiterere ya geologiya y’u Rwanda, ibyo Ubudage n’u Rwanda basangiye mu mateka n’imurika ry’ibikururuka bizima (inzoka) hagamijwe gusobanura isano iri hagati ya y'ibinyabuzima n'amateka nk'impamvu yo kubaho kwiyi nzu ndangamurage. Aha hitegeye imisozi itatu  myiza cyane iri mu mugi wa Kigali(Mt Kigali, Mt Jali na Mt Shyorongi) hamwe nuburyo bwiza bwo kwitegereza umugi wa kigali. 

## Aho Iherereye

Inzu Ndangamurage ya Kandt, iri ahahoze inzu ndangamurage y’amateka Kamere iherereye kuri KN 90 St, hafi kilometero imwe uvuye mu mujyi wa kigali. 

## Ibigize iyi nzu

Iyi ngoro ndangamurage yahoze izwi ku izina ry’amateka Kamere (NHM). Izina ryayo nka NHM ryahinduwe inzu ndangamurage ya Kandt kuva Ukuboza, 17th 2017.

Kuri ubu, inzu ndangamurage ya Kandt igizwe n'ibice bitatu by'ingenzi:

1.Igice cya mbere cyerekana ubuzima bw'U Rwanda mubice byose (imibereho, ubukungu, na politiki) mbere yubukoloni.

2.Mu gice cya kabiri, aricyo kinini cyane, inzu ndangamurage ikubiyemo uburambe bw’abaturage b’abanyarwanda mu gihe cyabakoloni, cyane cyane ku butegetsi bw’Abadage kuva mu 1884 (igihe cy’inama yabereye i Berlin), mu buyobozi bw’abakoloni, Intambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose, havugwa mo benshi kugeza mu 1916, harimo ubuzima bwa Richard Kandt n'ibikorwa bye mu Rwanda.

3. Ubundi buryo bushimishije ni igice cya gatatu aho amateka ya Kigali; Kigali mbere yigihe cyabakoloni, mugihe cyabakoloni, no kuvuka kwayo nkumurwa mukuru, irerekanwa neza.

Icya nyuma ariko ntabwo ari gito, nicyo kimenyetso cyonyine gisigaye cyahoze ari inzu ndangamurage yamateka Kamere, hakubiyemo imurikagurisha ryigihe gito ryinzoka nzima, ningona ikiri nto (yapimwe m 1 muri 2017). 

Mugihe usuye iki gice cyo hanze, umuntu ashobora kwishimira kureba ibintu bitangaje biri mu bidukikije, cyane cyane, kureba neza imisozi ya Kigali, Shyorongi, na Jari.

## Reba kandi
Inzu ndangamurage

Ubukungu bw'U Rwanda

Gusura U Rwanda

## Reba
Utubindi twa Ndoli

Utubindi twa Ruganzu II Ndoli tuvugwa ahitwa i Rubona, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Kiziguro mu Akarere ka Gatsibo, tukaba dufite amateka maremare kandi yihariye.

## Amateka
Mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya 16, intambara yo kwagura igihugu yabaye hagati y’u Rwanda n’Ubunyabungo yahitanye umwami w’ u Rwanda Ndahiro II Cyamatare. Amaze gutanga, igihugu cyaguye mu kangaratete gitegekwa n’Ubunyabungo. Muri icyo gihe igikomangoma Ruganzu rwa Ndahiro yabaga i Karagwe muri Tanzaniya kwa nyirasenge aho yari yaragiye kubunda akiri umwana. Abifashijwemo n’abagaragu ba se harimo na Kavuna ka Mushimiye, Ruganzu II Ndoli n’ubwo yari akiri muto yatashye mu Rwanda, atsinda Ubunyabungo yunamura igihugu cyari kimaze imyaka 11 mu kangaratete.

Aza mu Rwanda, Ruganzu II Ndoli n’ingabo ze baraye i [Rubona mu Buganza. Bahageze bafite inyota, afata icumu rye arishinga mu butaka ahacukura intango 12 zose zuzura amazi.

== Aho duherereye ==
Utu tubindi duherereye mu kigo cy’Urwunge rw’amashuri ya Rubona mu kagari ka Rubona mu murenge wa Kiziguro, tukaba ari cumi na tubiri(12). Twose bivugwa ko twafukuwe na [Ruganzu II Ndoli ubwo yari abundutse (guhunguka k’umwami) i Karagwe k’Abahinda, muri Tanzaniya.

Iyo ugeze ahari utwo utubindi twitiriwe Ruganzu II Ndoli, uhabona ibimenyetso bikunze kumwitirirwa birimo aho yarambitse umuheto, imyambi, inkota, intebe yicaragaho ndetse n’utwo tubindi uko ari 12.

## Reba

# 1.http://rwandaday.org/2016/?page_id=1315
# 1.http://rwandaday.org/2016/?page_id=1315
# 1.http://rwandaday.org/2016/?page_id=1315
# 1.http://rwandaday.org/2016/?page_id=1315
Umugezi wa Nyabugogo

**Umugezi wa Nyabugogo** ni umwe mu migezi minini iri mu mujyi wa Kigali, akarere ka Nyarugenge, ikaba itemba igana mu mugezi wa Nyabarongo. Ukaba uherereye hafi y'aho ikigo abagenzi bategeramo imodoka cya nyabugogo. Uyu mugezi ukaba ukunze kurangwa no kuzura ukarenga umuhanda mu bihe by'itumba cg se imvura. Mu gihe cyashize ukaba waronjyeye kuvugwa cyane igihe hari umwana w'imyaka 6 warohamagamo akaza gutabarwa n'uwitwa Bunani Jean Claude.

## References
Bikira Mariya w'ubwenge,Katedirale ya Butare

**Bikira Mariya w'Ubwenge**  mu kinyarwanda cyangwa gusa **Cathedral ya Butare,**  Ni inyubako ya Kiliziya Gatolika ikaba iri mu mujyi wa Butare, mu majyepfo y'igihugu mu Rwanda .

## Amateka
Niyo katedrali ya mbere nini cyane mu gihugu, yubatswe mu myaka ya za 1930  igihe Butare (izwi ku izina rya Astrida nyuma ya 1935) yari umurwa mukuru w’abakoloni, ikaba yariswe gutyo mu rwego rwo kwibuka ubuzima bwa Astrid wo muri Suwede  Umugabekazi w’umwamikazi w’Ababiligi kugeza mu 1935.

## Aho iherereye
Iyi Katedirale yitiriwe Bikira Mariya w'Ubwenge, iherereye mu ntara y'amajyepfo, akarere ka Huye, umurenge wa Ngoma.

## Imikorere
Katedrali ikurikiza umuhango w’Abaroma cyangwa Ikilatini kandi ikora nk'icyicaro cya Diyosezi ya Butare ( *Dioecesis Butarensis* ) yubatswe mu 1961 na Papa Yohani XXIII na bula *Gaudet* .

## Reba

* Gatolika y'Abaroma mu Rwanda
* Cathedrale Basilika ya Bikira Mariya
Stade Amahoro

**Stade Amahoro** , izwi ku izina rya **Sitade y'igihugu y' Amahoro**,  ni stade ifite intego nyinshi mu karere ka Gasabo i Kigali, mu Rwanda . Ifite ubushobozi bwo kwakira ibihubi 25.000,  niyo stade nini mu Rwanda kandi yakira imikino y'umupira w'amaguru, ibitaramo, nibikorwa rusange. amatsinda y'amakipi y'umupira w'amaguru Armée Patriotique Rwandaise(APR) FC na Rayon Sports FC niyo akodesha muri iyi stade. Ikibuga nacyo gikoreshwa rimwe na rimwe muri rugubi.

Mu gihe cya jenoside yo mu Rwanda mu 1994, yari "ubuhungiro bw'agateganyo Umuryango w’abibumbye warindiyemo impunzi z'abatutsi zigera ku 12.0

## Aho iherereye
Iherereye I Remera mu Akarere ka Gasabo  mu murenge wa Remera mu mujyi wa Kigali, iri mu birometero 10 uvuye mu mugi rwagati.

## Amateka
Stade yubatswe  na sosiyete yitwa china civil engeneering construction corporation, ku giciro cya miliyoni 21 zamadorari.  Kubaka byatangiye muri Werurwe 1984, birangira muri Mutarama 1989. 

Mu 1990, Intambara yaradutse hagati yabanyagihugu babaga mu Rwanda no hanze yarwo yaratangiye hagati y'u Rwanda Patriotic Front (FPR), n'ingabo za perezida Juvenal Habyarimana. Intambara yarangiye mu 1993  habaho ibiganiro ndetse no gushyira  umukono ku masezerano ya Arusha, yahaye imyanya FPR muri guverinoma y’inzibacyuho yagutse (BBTG) n’ingabo z’igihugu, ikanateganya ingabo z’umuryango w’abibumbye zishinzwe kubungabunga amahoro. Izi ngabo zizwi ku izina ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe gufasha u Rwanda (MINUAR), kandi zari ziyobowe na jenerali w’umunyakanada Roméo Dallaire . ikicaro gikuru cya  MINUAR yari mu Hotel des Mille Collines, ariko hoteli ntabwo yemeraga kwakira abasirikare, maze Dallaire ashaka ahandi ho gukorera; nyuma y'iminsi mike yo gushakisha, MINUAR yahisemo Stade Amahoro, yari nini bihagije kuburyo yakira batayo yose y'abasirikare. Ikicaro gikuru cyafunguwe kuwa 17 Ugushyingo 1993, n' ibirori ku mugaragaro byitabiriwe Dallaire na Perezida Habyarimana.

Guhagarara kw'imirwano byabaye mu buryo butunguranye ku ya 6 Mata 1994 ubwo indege ya Habyarimana yaraswaga akicwa;  ubwo bwicanyi bwabaye umusemburo wa jenoside yo mu Rwanda, yatangiye mu masaha make akurikira iraswa ryiyo ndege. Guverinoma y'agateganyo yatangiye kwica Abatutsi n'Abahutu bashyira mu bikorwa uwo mugambi wari warateguwe cyera, mu gihugu hose.  Ab'Abatutsi batangiye guhungira mu kigo cy’umuryango w’abibumbye, impunzi ibihumbi n’ibihumbi ziteranira muri Stade Amahoro. 

## Umushinga wo kuvugurura
Minisiteri ya Siporo ihagarariwe na  Aurore Mimosa Munyangaju  yatangaje ko imirimo yo kuvugurura sitade amahoro bidahindutse izatangira mu mpera z'umwaka wa 2020 cyangwa 2021 iyi stade ikab izaba ifite ubushobozi bwo kwakira abantu barenga ibihumbi 45 bavuye kuri 25.

## Reba

*
Urutare rwa Ngarama

Urutare cyangwa se ibare rya Ngarama riherereye mu murenge wa Ngarama, Akarere ka Gatsibo,mu ntara y’iburasirazuba. Mu birometero bikabakaba makumyabiri(20 Km) uvuye ahitwa mu byapa bya Ngarama ku muhanda Kigali-Nyagatare.

## Amateka

Uru rutare rukabakaba hegitari eshatu, rubitse amateka cyane dore ko uhabona Ikirenge cy’Umwami Ruganzu II Ndoli,iriba ry’imbwa ze ndetse n’ingoma iri mu rutare uhondaho ibuye bikavuga nk’ingoma. Bigaragaza koko ubwenge n’ubuhangange bw’uwo mwami nkuko bivugwa mu mateka. Iyo uhagaze kuri urwo rutare uba witegeye udusozi twa Kimbugu,Kigasha,Kibare na Mpangare ya Gitinda, ndetse n’umusozi wa Gatsibo k’imitoma witiriwe Akarere ka Gatsibo. Mu mateka havugwa nkaho umwami Ruganzu II Ndoli yimikiwe avuye Karagwe kwa Karemera uwari umutware waho aho yari yarahungiye.

## Aho ruherereye
Uru rutare ruherereye mu ntara y'iburasirazuba, Akarere ka Gatsibo, mu murenge wa Ngarama. Uru rutare rukaba ruherereye mu birometero makumyabiri (20) uvuye aho bita ku byaba bya Ngarama.

## Akamaro ku baturage
Bigaragara ko urutare rwa Ngarama,uretse kuba ingobyi y’amateka,n’ikiza nyaburanga  kuko usanga ingero zitandukanye ziba zahatembereye, kubera amahumbezi yaho, nubwiza bubereye ijisho.gikwiye kwitabwaho nkuko n’ahandi hose mu Rwanda hafite ubwiza nyaburanga hitabwaho. Nta gushidikanya ko biramutse byitaweho, harushaho kwitabwaho, ndetse hakabyazwa n'umusaruro.

## Reba kandi

# https://www.rwandagorillasafaris.com/blog/urutare-rwa-ngarama.html
# http://rw.bangmedia.org/2012/04/amateka-y-rwa-ngarama.html#ixzz6xqYGJN6z
#https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O6lK_Cd6Jhs
#https://web.facebook.com/igihe/posts/gatsibo-urutare-rwa-ngarama-ruriho-ibirenge-byumwami-ruganzu-mu-kwitabwahohttpww/41554307852102