Ubukerarugendo muri Botswana

Botswana y'ibyingenzi **bikurura ba mukerarugendo** n'ububiko bw'imikino, hamwe no guhiga hamwe na safari yo gufotora irahari. Ibindi bikurura ibyiza harimo akarere ka Okavango Delta , mu gihe cy'imvura ni akajagari k'inzira z'amazi, ibirwa, n'ibiyaga.  Inganda z’ubukerarugendo nazo zafashije mu gutandukanya ubukungu bwa Botswana buturuka ahantu gakondo nka diyama n’inka ndetse bihanga imirimo 23.000 mu 2005. 

## Iterambere ry'inganda m'ubukerarugendo
Inganda z’ubukerarugendo za Botswana zatangiye gutera imbere mu rwego rwa politiki y'imiterere nziza mu myaka ya za 90.  Afurika y'amajyepfo yagize umutekano mu bya politiki nyuma y'ivangura ndetse no kurekurwa kwa Nelson Mandela mu 1990. Iterambere ry’isi mu buryo bwo gutwara abantu n’itumanaho ry'icyo gihe ryarushijeho kugira uruhare mu bukerarugendo muri Botswana.  Mu 1990 Botswana yashyize mu bikorwa Politiki y'Ubukerarugendo igamije kongera umubare w'ubukerarugendo, amafaranga yinjira muri leta, n'amahirwe yo kubona akazi. Politiki yibanze ku gukurura ba mukerarugendo mpuzamahanga ku isoko baturutse mu Burayi, Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, Ositaraliya, na Nouvelle-Zélande kugira ngo bongere amafaranga. Mu gihe igipimo cy’akazi cyazamutse neza hamwe n’inganda z’ubukerarugendo zingana na 4.5% by’imirimo isanzwe yemewe muri Botswana,  imyanya myinshi y’imicungire y’imishahara myinshi mu nganda yagenewe abakozi bo mu mahanga.

Ubukerarugendo bwa Ongera uhindure Botswana bwabaye mu 2020 hagamijwe kongera ubukerarugendo bwo mu gihugu . 

## Ingaruka mbonezamubano n’ibidukikije
Botswana yishingikiriza ku mutungo kamere haba mu mibereho rusange n'ubukerarugendo.  Umutungo kamere muke kandi woroshye w'igihugu ni ingenzi cyane mu buzima bw'icyaro, bukoresha amazi, amashyamba, nubutaka.  Agace ka Okavango Delta ni ahantu nyaburanga hasurwa na ba mukerarugendo ndetse ni n'umurage w'isi nka kimwe muri delta nini zo mu gihugu imbere ku isi.  Kuba harakunzwe na ba mukerarugendo byatumye iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo ryaguka, ndetse  n'ibikoresho, na serivisi mu karere birimo amabanki, amahoteri, n’indege. Icyakora, abaturage bo mu midugudu ya Khwai, Mababe na Sankoyo muri Okavango binubira ko badafite umutungo kamere w’imikino ngororamubiri ya Moremi kuko yiganjemo ba mukerarugendo mpuzamahanga ndetse n’amasosiyete y’ubukerarugendo yo mu mahanga.  Ibikorwa byubukerarugendo bwa Botswanan byasobanuwe nka ahantu hateganijwe ibikorwa by'ubukerarugendo kandi bigateranirizwa mu karere gato, ibikoresho byonyine bidatanga ibikorwa byinshi by'ubukungu mu turere tuyikikije.

Nubwo igice kinini gikurura abantu gishingiye ku mutungo kamere w’igihugu, inganda zubukerarugendo ubwazo zitanga umutungo nyirizina wahinduye ibicuruzwa byangiritse. Amatsinda manini y'abantu mumatsinda y'ubukerarugendo ashobora guhungabanya inyamanswa akaziyobora ku kwimukira ahandi hantu ziashobora kuba zitamenyera. Imyanda isigwa nabamukerarugendo  ishobora kandi guhindura imiterere y'ubutaka no kumenyekanisha amoko yangiza mu karere. Ibindi bikorwa by'ubukerarugendo bizwi cyane nk'ubwato bwihuta bishobora kurushaho guhungabanya inyamaswa zo mu mazi mugihe inyamanswa n’ifoto z’inyoni bishobora kugoreka imyitwarire   y'ubwoko runaka harimo kugaburira no korora. 

Botswana yagerageje uburyo butandukanye bwo kubungabunga umutungo kamere harimo n’imicungire y’umutungo kamere w’abaturage (CBNRM), ikaba ishingiye ku kwibwira ko abaturage baho bafite ubushake bwinshi kandi biyemeje kurushaho gukoresha umutungo kamere aho batuye ugereranije na guverinoma yakuweho.  Nyamara, kubura amikoro n'ubuhanga mu baturage bikunze kubatera kwishingikiriza kumfashanyo yabafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga kugirango bagere ku ntego zabo ebyiri zo kuzamura iterambere ry'ubukungu no kubungabunga umutungo kamere. 

Kwagura ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku muco muri Botswana bifite ubushobozi bwo kurushaho guteza imbere ubukerarugendo mu kugabanya umuvuduko mu mihanda ahantu nyaburanga hakurura inyamaswa mu gihe  hashyirwaho uburyo bunoze bwo gukwirakwiza iterambere ry’ubukerarugendo mu guha amahirwe menshi abaturage baho kugira uruhare mu bukungu bw’ubukerarugendo.  Ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku muco butanga amahirwe kuri ba mukerarugendo mu kwiga ibijyanye n'ubuhanzi, umurage, n'imigenzo yaho. Bamwe bavuga ko bishobora kuzamura ubukungu bw’abaturage, guhanga imirimo, kuzamura ubumwe n’ishema ry’umuco, no kugira uruhare mu iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo.  Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku midugudu bwibanda kandi ku kwereka ba mukerarugendo ubukorikori gakondo ndetse n'ubuzima bwa buri munsi, ibyo bikaba byiza cyane cyane ku bagore, bakunze gusigara mu nyungu z'ubukerarugendo.  Amafaranga ava mu bukerarugendo bushingiye ku midugudu atanga amahirwe yo kwihugura mu imyuga no kwihangira imirimo ku bagore baho. Akazi mu mudugudu wabo kavukire gatuma abagore basohoza inshingano zo mu miryango mu gihe babonye ubwigenge bw'amafaranga. 

## Ibikurura abashyitsi

### Amahoteri, amacumbi hamwe n’ahantu hakambitse
Botswana iha abagenzi guhitamo amacumbi kuva muri hoteri z'ubukerarugendo zo mu rwego rwo hejuru, amacumbi meza ndetse n’inkambi za safari, guteganya amazu yabatumirwa hamwe n'inkambi. Ahantu nyaburanga hasurwa hafite amacumbi yigenga, inkambi za safari, hamwe n’ahantu hakambika abantu.

Ibyokurya bitandukanye bitangwa mu mahoteri na resitora kuva aho ukunda n'inyama zimikino, kugeza kumugabane wa Aziya no muri Aziya. Hano hari ibicuruzwa byinshi byihuse hamwe na resitora ntoya / gufata ibyokurya byaho. Kumurongo wuzuye wamacumbi, urashobora gushakisha mubukerarugendo muri Botswana - Urubuga rwubukerarugendo rwa Afrika .

### Parike z'igihugu

#### Icyanya cyo hagati cya Kalahari
Icyanya cyo hagati cya Kalahari ni parike nini yigihugu mu butayu bwa Kalahari ya Botswana. Yashinzwe mu 1961 ifite ubuso bungana na 52.800&nbsp;km 2, ikabikigira icyanya cya kabiri kinini ku isi.  Iyi pariki irimo inyamanswa nka giraffe, impyisi yijimye, warthog, impyisi, imbwa yo mu gasozi, ingwe, intare , inyamanswa yubururu, itamu, gemsbok, kudu na hartebeest itukura.

#### Parike y'igihugu ya Chobe

Parike y'igihugu ya Chobe, mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bwa Botswana, ifite imwe mu cyanya kinini kibanda ku mugabane wa Afurika . Ku bunini, iyi ni parike ya gatatu nini mu gihugu, nyuma y'Icyanya cyo hagati cya Kalahari Hagati na Parike y’igihugu ya Gemsbok, kandi iratandukanye cyane. Iyi nayo ni parike yambere y'igihugu.

#### Parike ya Kgalagadi Transfrontier
Pariki ya Kgalagadi Transfrontier ni agace kanini ko kubungabunga ubuzima bw'inyamanswa no kubungabunga ibidukikije mu majyepfo ya Afurika. Iyi parike ihuza umupaka uhuza Afurika y'Epfo na Botswana kandi igizwe na parike ebyiri zegeranye: Parike y'igihugu ya Kalahari Gemsbok muri Afurika y'Epfo na Parike y'igihugu ya Gemsbok muri Botswana. Ubuso bwa parike ni kilometero kare 38000 (milimetero kare 14,668). Hafi ya bitatu bya kane bya parike biri muri Botswana na kimwe cya kane muri Afrika yepfo.

## Amakuru y'ubukerarugendo
Politiki y’igihugu yo kubungabunga ibidukikije n’ubukerarugendo bwa guverinoma ya Botswana yashyizweho hagamijwe guteza imbere ubukerarugendo mu gihe harinzwe ibice by’ibinyabuzima. Abaturage bo muri Amerika, Afurika y'Epfo, ibihugu bigize Umuryango w'ibihugu bikoresha ururimi r'icyongereza, ndetse n'ibihugu byinshi byo mu Burayi bw'i Burengerazuba ntibakenera viza yo kumara iminsi itarenze 91. Icyangobwa cy'inzira cyirakenerwa kugirango habeho ingendo mu gihugu. Icyemezo cyumuriro wumuhondo hamwe n'inkingo za kolera birasabwa ba mukerarugendo baturutse ahantu banduye. 

Raporo y’ihuriro ry’ubukungu ku isi ku bijyanye n’ubukerarugendo n’ubukerarugendo ku isi byashyize urwego Botswana rwa 88 mu bihugu 141 mu rutonde rw’irushanwa ry’ubukerarugendo n’ubukerarugendo mu mwaka wa 2015. Raporo imwe yashimye ibyiza bikurura bya Botswana, kandi igipimo cyo hasi cyatewe n’ibibazo byugarije ba mukerarugendo, harimo kutabona ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, imihanda mibi n’itumanaho. 

## Imibare
Mu 1999, hari ibyumba bya hoteri 2100 bifite ibitanda 3,720 nigipimo cya 53%. Abashyitsi 843.314 bageze muri Botswana muri uwo mwaka hamwe n’abasaga 720.000 baturutse mu bindi bihugu bya Afurika. Amafaranga yinjira mu bukerarugendo mu mwaka wa 2000 yose hamwe angana na miliyoni 313 z'amadolari. Mu 2003, Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga ya Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika yavuze ko impuzandengo ya buri munsi yo kuguma muri Gaborone ari amadorari 129, ugereranije na Kasane ku madolari 125. Ibiciro birashobora kuba munsi y'amadorari 50 mu tundi turere tw'igihugu.  Botswana ifatwa nk'igihugu gifite umutekano mu gusurwa muri Afurika. 

Abashyitsi benshi bageze muri Botswana bavuze ko ibiruhuko ari intego yabo yo kwinjira mu 2014 baturutse mu bihugu bikurikira by’ubwenegihugu: 

## Amashakiro

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Ubukerarugendo bwa Botswana - urupapuro rwibanze Archived  
* Urubuga rwa Afurika Ubukerarugendo Urubuga - Botswana