Amata

Ijambo **“amata”** ni ijambo ry’Ikirundi n’Ikinyarwanda rifite agaciro gakomeye mu buzima bw’abantu, cyane cyane mu mirire no mu muco. Dore amakuru arambuye kuri iri jambo:

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### 🥛 1. Ibisobanuro by’ijambo “amata”

* **Amata** ni **ibinyobwa bivuye mu nka**, cyangwa izindi nyamaswa z’amata nka: ihene, intama, ingamiya, n’ingwejwe.
* Mu Kinyarwanda, “amata” ni ijambo riri mu **bwinshi**; ijambo ry’**umwimerere** ryarwo mu rwego rw’umwe ni **amase**, **amata y’inka**, cyangwa **icyansi** (bitewe n'uko ukoreshwa mu mvugo).

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### 🥣 2. Uko amata akoreshwa

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### 🧬 3. Agaciro k’amata mu mirire

* Amata ni isoko ikomeye ya:
** **Calcium** (ifasha amagufa gukomera),
** **Proteyine** (ifasha mu bwubatsi bw’umubiri),
** **Vitamini D**, **B12**, n’izindi.
* Yifashishwa cyane mu mirire y’abana, abagore batwite n’abonsa, ndetse n’abantu bose bashaka kugira ubuzima bwiza.

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### 🐄 4. Amata mu muco nyarwanda

* Mu muco wa Kinyarwanda, amata afite agaciro gakomeye:
** Bayatanga nk’ikirango cy’urukundo n’icyubahiro ku bashyitsi.
** Inka n’amata bifatwa nk’ikimenyetso cy’ubukire, ubumwe n’amahoro.
** Haririmbwa, haterwa imigani n’imivugo bijyanye n’amata:
*** *“Amata meza ntiyivugira”* – bivuga ko ibiza ntibimenyekanisha, ahubwo bigaragarira mu bikorwa.
*** *“Umwana utaragira amata ntiyamenya akamaro kayo”* – bivuga ko utagize amahirwe ntamenya agaciro kayo.

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### 📝 Mu ncamake:

----Amata ni ikinyobwa gifite uburyohe bwiza kandi bufitiye umubiri w'umuntu akamaro. Akenshi amata avamwo amata y'inka , ariko hashobora gukoreshwa n'amata y'izindi nyamaswa nk'ihene cyangwa intama. amata aba afite intungamubiri nyinshi nka karisiyumu,vitamini D,hamwe n'ibinyamasukari bya Lactose.

kubera ibyiza byinshi bifitiye umubiri akamaro,Amata ni ikinyobwa kimenyerewe cyane kandi kigira uruhare rukomeye mu mirire y'abantu.

## Akamaro k'amata mu mubiri w'umuntu
- Ibinure bigize amata ni ingenzi cyane mu gutuma umubiri ugira imbaraga, umubiri ushobora gukora imisemburo,mukurinda umubiri n'ingingo ziwugize,gufasha umubiri guhangana n'ubukonje ndetse no gufasha vitamin zisaba ibinure kugirango zikore neza.

-Isukari iboneka mu mata (yitwa Lactose),ituma umubiri ubona imbaraga zo gukora.

-Proteyine ziboneka mu mata zifasha umubiri mu kongera ubudahangarwa,gusana ahangiritse no gukomeza imikorere myiza y'umubiri.Izi ntungamubiri kandi zifasha mu gukomeza imikaya n'amagufa.

-Akomeza imikaya y'amaso no kubona neza, gukungahara kuri Vitamin A biyaha ubushobozi bwo gukomeza amenyo n'amagufa ndetse no kugira uruhu rwiza.Vitamin A inafasha mu kurwanya indwara yo kutabona neza nijoro.

-Vitamin B12; ifasha mu mikorere myiza y'ubwonko n'urwungano rw'imyakura(nervous system) no gukora uturemangigo tw'amaraso dutukura, ibi byose ibifatanya na Vitamin B6, iyi ikongeraho kuvana uburozi mu mwijima. B12 ni igenzi cyane mu mikorere myiza y'umutima, ibibazo byo gusinzira, Diyabete n'ibindi bibazo byo mu mutwe.

-Vitamin B2 (riboflavin); ifasha umubiri kwinjiza ubutare bityo bikarinda indwara yo kubura amaraso (anemia).

-Vitamin B3 (niacin); ifasha umutima gukora neza no kugabanya cholesterol mbi mu mubiri, ifasha kandi urwungano rw’imyakura, ngogozi (imikorere myiza y’urwungano ngogozi iyifitanya na vitamin B1 cg thiamine), uruhu, umusatsi n’amaso.

-Vitamin B5 iba mu mata ifasha mu gukomeza amagufa n’aho ingingo zihurira, igafasha mu mikorere myiza y’umutima. Igafasha mu gukora uturemangingo dufasha mu ihanahana ry’amakuru ku bwonko.

-Folate irinda indwara yo kubura amaraso no gutuma inda-ibyara (uterus) ikura nezaVitamin D, ifasha umubiri kwinjiza kalisiyumu. Inafasha mu kuringaniza imyunyungugu nka kalisiyumu na fosifore mu mubiri, ikanarinda indwara zituma umubiri wirwanya ubwawo ( autoimmune diseases ). Vitamin D inafasha mu kuringaniza umuvuduko w’amaraso no gutuma umutima ukora neza.
-Kalisiyumu na manyesiyumu, iyi myunyungugu ifasha mu gukomeza amagufa kimwe n’amenyo. Manyesiyumu ifasha kandi umubiri guhinduramo ibyo turya imbaraga umubiri ukoresha no gukora ingingo zisimbura izishaje. Fosifore nayo ifasha umubiri gukomeza amagufa n’amenyo no gutuma umwijima ukora neza.
-Potasiyumu ifasha mu kuringaniza umuvuduko w’amaraso no gutuma umutima ukora neza.
-Zinc ifasha mu gukora ubwirinzi bukomeye , gukura no gusana uturemangingo, gukiza ibisebe kimwe no kwinjiza mu mubiri ibinyamasukari tuba twariye
Selenium, ifasha mu mikorere myiza y’urwungano rurinda umubiri kubera ubushobozi n’ingufu iki kinyabutabire gifite, inarinda kandi imvubura ya thyroid (haba ingoto).
-Choline, ni intungamubiri z’ingenzi amata afite, afasha mu gusinzira, gukoresha imikaya, kwiga no gufata mu mutwe.
Iki kinyabutabire gifasha mu mikorere myiza y’uturemangingo, no gukwirakwiza amakuru k’ubwonko, ifasha kandi mu kwinjiza ibinure mu mubiri no kugabanya ububyimbirwe bukabije.

### Ingaruka z'amata kuri bamwe
Hari abo amata atera ikibazo, kizwi nka lactose intolerance . Kuri aba bantu umubiri wabo uba ubura enzymes ihindura isukari iva mu mata, igakoreshwa mu mubiri. Abantu bafite iki kibazo iyo banyweye amata abamerera nabi; bagira ibyuka byinshi mu mara, kumva inda yuzuye no guhitwa. Abantu bafite iki kibazo bagomba kunywa amata atarimo lactose, cg bagafata inyongera zituma bagira lactose mbere yo kunywa amata.
Allergie cg kugira ubwivumbure budasanzwe ku mata, iki ni ikibazo kiba kiri mu miterere y’ubwirinzi bw’umubiri wawe. Abantu bafite iki kibazo barangwa no guhumeka biruhije, gufuruta, kumererwa nabi mu gifu, kuruka no guhitwa igihe banyweye amata.

Kugira potasiyumu na fosifore nyinshi mu mubiri, nazo ziri ku bwinshi mu mata, si byiza ku bantu bafite ikibazo cy’impyiko. Iyo impyiko zidashoboye gusohora iyi myunyungugu mu gihe iba yabaye myinshi bishobora guteza ikibazo gikomeye.

Kalisiyumu nyinshi nayo si nziza mu mubiri, ishobora gutera ibibazo bya constipation, kugira utubuye mu mpyiko cg imikorere mibi yazo. Iyi kalisiyumu ishobora no kujya mu mijyana ikaba yatera indwara ku mutima.

Guha amata y’inka umwana utarageza umwaka 1 ntago ari byiza. Aya mata y’inka ugereranyije n’amashereka aba arimo ubutare (fer) bucye, bishobora gutera ibibazo byo kuva mu rwungano ngogozi bitewe no kugira ikigero cy’ubutare gike.

Amata y’inka zimwe na zimwe aba arimo imisemburo kimwe n’imiti (irimo za antibiyotike) n’ibindi bitandukanye izo nka zihabwa. Ibi byose bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku buzima bwa muntu n’indwara zibasira ubwonko kimwe na kanseri zitandukanye.