Ubuzima Mu Rwanda

**Agaciro Kubuzima mu Rwanda** bwabaye amateka mabi cyane, haba mbere na nyuma ya jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe abatutsi .Mu 1998, abana barenze umwe kuri batanu bapfuye mbere yimyaka 5. akenshi bazize malariya . Ariko mu myaka yashize u Rwanda rwateye imbere ku bipimo byinshi by’ubuzima. Hagati ya 2005 na 2013, icyizere cyo kubaho cyiyongereye kiva kuri 55.2 kigera kuri 64.0,  impfu z’abatarengeje imyaka 5 zagabanutse ziva kuri 106.4 zigera kuri 52.0 ku bana 1.000 bavutse ari bazima, kandi indwara y’igituntu yavuye kuri 101 igera kuri 69 ku bantu 100.000.  ry’igihugu mu buvuzi ryatangajwe n’ibitangazamakuru mpuzamahanga n’abagiraneza. *[[:en:The_Atlantic|Atlantike]]* yahaye ingingo "Ubuzima bw’amateka y’u Rwanda".  Abafatanyabikorwa mu Buzima basobanuye inyungu z’ubuzima "mu bintu bitangaje isi yabonye mu myaka 50 ishize". 

## Ubuzima bw'ababyeyi n'umwana
U Rwanda ruri mu nzira zo gusohoza intego z'ikinyagihumbi 4 na 5. Ukurikije umubare w'abana bapfa bapfa bavuka , wagabanutse uva ku bantu 1,400 bapfa ku 100.000 bavutse ari bazima mu 1990 ugera ku 320 bapfa ku 100.000 bavutse ari bazima muri 2013.  Ibi byari bifite impuzandengo yumwaka yo kugabanuka kugera kuri 8,6 kuva 2000 kugeza 2013.  Bitewe n'impamvu zitandukanye nk'ubukene, imihanda mibi kubera ubutayu bw'imisozi mu cyaro, kuyobya imyizerere gakondo ndetse n'ubumenyi budahagije ku bibazo bijyanye no gutwita, 31 ku ijana by'abagore barangiza bakabyarira mu rugo nubwo bafite gahunda y'ubwishingizi bw'ubuzima rusange . Bimwe mu bisubizo byashakishijwe ku mbogamizi zirimo amahugurwa y’abakozi benshi bashinzwe ubuzima bw’abaturage (amatsinda y’ubuzima bwo mu mudugudu) kugira ngo bakangurire abaturage, hejuru yo kubaha telefoni zigendanwa kugira ngo bavugane n’ibigo nderabuzima mu bihe byihutirwa nko kuva amaraso. Umubare wa ambilansi kuri bimwe mu bigo nderabuzima byo mu cyaro nawo wariyongereye.  Raporo iheruka gukorwa na OMS benshi mu bagore batwite bapfa bazize kuva amaraso (25%), hypertension (16%), gukuramo inda na sepsis (10% buri umwe) kandi umubare muto bapfa bazize embolisme (2%). 

Icyifuzo cyo kuboneza urubyaro cyujujwe kuri 71% muri 2010; umubare w’abagore bagiye gusura mbere yo kubyara inshuro enye cyangwa zirenga wazamutse ugera kuri 35% mu mwaka wa 2010, bikaba bishobora kuba byaratumye ubwiyongere bugaragara bw’umubare w’abagore batwite bashaka umufasha w’inzobere mu kubyara uva kuri 26% mu 1992 ugera kuri 69% muri 2010.  Mu rwego rwo gukumira virusi itera SIDA ku babyeyi kugeza ku mwana, mu mwaka wa 2010 ijanisha rya virusi itera sida n'abagore batwite bahabwa imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA ryazamutse riva kuri 67% rigera kuri 87% muri 2012.  45 ku ijana by'abagore bari hagati y’imyaka 15 na 49 koresha uburyo bwo kuboneza urubyaro. Ugereranyije, abagore bo mu Rwanda, 

babyara abana 4,6 mu buzima bwabo bwose (RDHS 2010).

## VIH / SIDA

Mu bihe bya nyuma ya jenoside, Ikigega cy’isi gishinzwe kurwanya SIDA, Igituntu na Malariya (Global Fund) hamwe na gahunda yihutirwa ya Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika ishinzwe kurwanya SIDA (PEPFAR) byakoreshejwe cyane cyane muri gahunda za virusi itera SIDA mu Rwanda.  Muri Kamena 2012, abantu 113 barwaye virusi itera SIDA mu Rwanda bahawe imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA, bituma u Rwanda (hamwe na Botswana ikize cyane) ruba kimwe mu bihugu bibiri byo muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara kugira ngo bigere ku ntego z'umuryango w'abibumbye zo kugera kuri bose imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA. .  Icyorezo cya SIDA mu Rwanda cyagumye ku kigero cya 3% mu myaka irindwi ishize.  Kubyerekeranye nigishushanyo cya gapminder, igereranya hagati yicyizere cyo kubaho numubare wabantu banduye virusi itera sida (umubare, imyaka yose). Irerekana ko hagati ya 1989 na 1990, umubare w'ababana na virusi itera SIDA wari 181.838 bafite icyizere cyo kubaho imyaka 48. Muri jenoside yo mu 1994, umubare wariyongereye ugera ku 200.000 ufite imyaka 6 yo kubaho. Mugihe cya nyuma ya jenoside, 1995 imibare yari ikiri imwe ariko icyizere cyo kubaho cyariyongereye kugeza ku myaka 40 kuko ubu gahunda ya sida yari yatangiye buhoro buhoro. Muri 2011, imibare yari ikiri imwe ariko icyizere cyo kubaho cyarashwe kugeza ku myaka 63 yerekanaga ko umubare wabantu bahabwa anti-virusi kandi wariyongereye bigatuma abantu benshi babaho igihe kirekire.

## Malariya

baturage bose b'u Rwanda bafite ibyago byo kurwara malariya .  Kwandura ni mesoendemic (kugira kwanduza ibihe bisanzwe) mubibaya kandi bikunze kwibasirwa n'ibyorezo mubibaya birebire n'imisozi .  Mu turere tw’icyorezo, kwandura malariya bibaho umwaka wose hamwe n’ibihe byinshi muri Gicurasi - Kamena na Ugushyingo - Ukuboza.  U Rwanda rwateye intambwe ishimishije mu kurwanya malariya kuva mu 2005 kugeza 2012, muri icyo gihe hagabanutseho 86% by’abanduye malariya naho 74% by’impfu za malariya.  Icyakora, hagati ya 2012 na 2016, u Rwanda rwiyongereyeho inshuro zirenga 8 ubwandu bwa malariya.  Ubwiyongere bwagaragaye mu gihugu cyose ariko bunini mu ntara z’iburasirazuba n’Amajyepfo .  Nubwo indwara ya malariya yiyongereye ku buryo bugaragara, ubwiyongere buke bwonyine bwagaragaye mu bantu bakomeye no mu rupfu, aho byagabanutse cyane ku bipimo by’impfu byerekana imicungire ikomeye ya malariya. 

## Igituntu
Kwagura no kuzamura uburyo bwo kuvura butaziguye Amasomo magufi (DOTS) mu ngingo esheshatu zo guhagarika igituntu (TB) zasobanuwe na Laserson na Wells zashyizwe mu bikorwa mu Rwanda na gahunda ihuriweho na minisiteri y’ubuzima gahunda yo kurwanya ibibembe n’igituntu kuva mu 1990. Ibi byatumye ibipimo byo gutsinda bivura biva kuri 58% (2003) bigera kuri 81% mu mpera za 2006. Mu 2005, ijanisha ryo kwandura igituntu ryari 24%, rikaba riri munsi y’intego yo gutahura indwara. 

### Referances