Imbunda

Imbunda ni ubwoko ubwo ari bwo bwose bw’imbunda ikoresha ituritsa kandi igenewe gutwarwa no gukoreshwa n’umuntu ku giti cye. Iri jambo rifite ibisobanuro byisumbuyeho biteganywa n’amategeko mu bihugu bitandukanye

Intwaro za mbere zatangiriye mu Bushinwa mu kinyejana cya 10, aho udutiyo tw’ibyatsi (bamboo) twuzuyemo barutane (gunpowder) n’amasasu dushyirwaga ku minyururu kugira ngo hakorwe intwaro yitwaga fire lance, ishoborwa gukoreshwa n’umuntu umwe. Iyi ntwaro yakoreshejwe neza nk’intwaro ikangura umwanzi mu ntambara yo kugota umujyi wa De’an mu mwaka wa 1132.

Mu kinyejana cya 13, ibirindiro bya fire lance byasimbujwe udutiyo tw’icyuma, maze bihinduka imbunda nto zifite umwobo w’icyuma (hand cannon). Iyo ikoranabuhanga ryakwirakwiriye mu bihugu bya Aziya n’u Burayi mu kinyejana cya 14.

Intwaro za kera zakoresheje cyane cyane barutane (black powder) nk’itwaro ituma amasasu asohoka, mu gihe intwaro za none zikoresha smokeless powder cyangwa ibindi bisasu biturika. Intwaro nyinshi za none (uretse imbunda zifite umwobo utariho umwobo uzunguruka nka smoothbore shotguns) zifite umwobo wihuta amasasu (rifled barrels) kugira ngo asohoke azengurutse, bikazamura uburyo aguruka neza mu kirere.

Intwaro za none zishobora gusobanurwa hakurikijwe kalibiri (ni ukuvuga ubugari bw’ahanyura isasu). Ku mapistole n’imbunda ndende (rifles), ibi bipimwa muri milimetero cyangwa muri santimetero (nka 7.62mm cyangwa .308 in.). Ku mbunda za shotgun, hashyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe igipimo cy’ubunini (gauge cyangwa bore, urugero: 12 ga. cyangwa .410 bore).

Intwaro zinashobora gutandukanywa hakurikijwe ubwoko bw’uburyo zikoreshwa (action type), urugero: imbunda ishyirwamo amasasu imbere (muzzleloader), ishyirwamo inyuma (breechloader), ifite uburyo bwa lever, bolt, pump, revolver, imbunda yikoresha igice (semi-automatic) cyangwa ikora yonyine (fully automatic). Nanone, hashobora gusobanurwa uko zitwarwa, yaba zifashwe n’ukuboko (hand-held) cyangwa zishyizwe ku cyuma cyazifasha gukomeza kuguma ahantu hamwe (mechanical mounting).

Ubundi buryo bwo kuzigabanya bushobora gutanga amakuru ku bwoko bw’inyundo n’inyabyo (rifled barrel), uburebure bw’iyo nyundo (nka 24 inches), uburyo bw’ubumara (firing mechanism), urugero: matchlock, wheellock, flintlock, cyangwa percussion lock. Hashobora kandi kurebwa igikorwa intwaro yagenewe (nka hunting rifle), cyangwa izina ryamenyekanye cyane ry’iyo ntwaro (Gatling gun).

Abarasisha intwaro bayerekeza ku ntego zabo bakoresheje ubuhanga bwo guhuza amaso n’amaboko (hand-eye coordination), bifashishije uburyo bwo kureba bwubatswe ku mbunda (iron sights) cyangwa ubundi buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga (optical sights).

Imbunda nto (pistols) zisanzwe zifite intera y’ukuri itarenza metero 100 (yardi 110 cyangwa metero 330). Imbunda ndende (rifles) zishobora kurasa neza kugeza kuri metero 500 (yardi 550 cyangwa metero 1,600) iyo hakoreshwejwe iron sights, cyangwa intera ndende kurushaho iyo hifashishijwe optical sights.

Imbunda zidasanzwe zagenewe abashinzwe kurasa kure cyane (sniper rifles) hamwe n’imbunda zikoreshwa mu kwangiza ibikoresho bikomeye (anti-materiel rifles) zishobora kurasa neza ku ntera irenga metero 2,000 (yardi 2,200).

(Gusa, amasasu y’intwaro ashobora kuba akomeye cyangwa yica n’iyo yaraswe kure cyane kurenza intera nyayo yagenwe. Ni yo mpamvu intera fatizo y’umutekano igomba kuba ndende kurusha iyo yagenwe ku bijyanye n’ukuri k’isarasa.)