open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Urusyo

**Urusyo** rusobanura ibuye, rimeze nk'uruziga useraho (rwo gusya ingano), uruziga rukomeye . Mu kwagura ikintu cyizengurutse  cyane ibyatsi cyangwa uruziga rwa foromaje . Iri jambo rishobora kandi kwerekeza ikirundo cy'ibiti bitwikiriwe nisi ikoreshwa mu gukora amakara .Birashoboka cyane ko urusyo ruzenguruka rwaba rwarakorewe mu bihugu bikikije inyanja ya mediterane ahagana mu kinyejana cya kabiri M.I.C

Iri jambo kandi bifite imizi imwe ninshinga gusya.

## Amagambo
Iri jambo riva mu kilatini rikaba  risobanure urusyo. Urusyo rwakoreshaga gute mu bihe bya bibiriya??

Umuntu ubera abandi igisitaza, icyamubera kiza ni uko yahambirwa urusyo runini ku ijosi maze akarohwa mu nyanja, Amadini y'ibinyoma azazimangatana, nk'urusyo rujugunywe mu nyajwa-; Ibyahishuwe18;21

## Ikirundo cy'ibyatsi cyangwa ibyatsi

Urusyo ni igikoresho cyo kumisha no kubika ibyatsi mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya XX . ikinyejana, nyuma yo gutema cyangwa gusarura, byabanzaga gutunganywa n'intoki, nyuma yo kubitunganya, kandi mbere yuko iki gikorwa giteranwa hagamijwe kubihunika mu bishanga, hamwe no guteza imbere uburyobikoreshwa mu buhinzi.

Ryari rifite kandi imbogamizi zo gushobora kureka bimwe mu bice byacyo bikanyagirwa n’imvura, ubundi bikagira uburozi cyangwa se gutera uburwayi inyamaswa .

## Igikoresho
Uruziga rusya ni ibuye rishobora gukorwa mu ibuye risanzwe ryangirika ( ni urusyo ruzunguruka ) cyangwa rigizwe n'umukungugu mwinshi, hamwe na hamwe ukoresha resinike ya fenolike ( ni inziga zo mu bwoko bwa bakelite ) cyangwa ibumba (ibiziga bisya ceramike).

Inziga zo gusya zikoreshwa mu gusya no kuma mashini zisya . Inziga zisya zikoreshwa mu gukuraho uduce duto twibikoresho cyangwa gukata.

rero, uruziga rusya rwinjije mu kigega cyuzuye amazi, ndetse kandi rwatwarwaga no kuzunguruka; byemeye, kurugero rwo gusya, ndetse no gukarisha ibyuma nibindi byuma. urusyo rugaragara hamwe na moteri yo gusya, na moteri y'amashanyarazi .

Kugeza ubu, urusyo ni inziga zikoreshwa mu nganda zitandukanye hari nk'icyuma, inganda, kubaka ibyuma, kubaka imodoka, kariyeri n'amabuye ya marimari .

Uruziga rutegurwa cyangwa rugororotse hifashishijwe igikoresho cyu zuzanya cyitwa *umwambaro*, diyama yanditswe cyangwa ikozwe mu karibone ishobora kuvana ibikoresho mu ruziga.

; Ibyiyumvo byo kuzunguruka
:

Uruziga rwa mabuye rukoreshwa hanze y'umugozi, bitandukanye nu ruziga ruhindukirira insinga kugirango ityaze.

## Gusya

Amabuye y'urusyo yari agamije kandi gusya ibinyampeke mo ifu ( ibinyampeke, amahembe, igituza, karobo, imyelayo , n'ibindi ) banza ukoreshe amabuye yoroheje yafasha intoki, hanyuma akoreshwe ni nyamaswa cyangwa amababa yu muyaga cyangwa uruziga cyangwa turibine yimashini, mbere yuko haza moteri zifite insyo zigezweho.

Uruganda ruto rw'amashanyarazi ruragurishwa  kugirango rubyare ifu.

## Guhinga ibihumyo bihingwa

Amabuye y'urusyo agereranya imirongo miremire y'ifumbire mu mazu y'ibihumyo yahingamo ibihumyo (reba ifoto).

## Inyandiko

## Ingingo zijyanye
 

* Konserwatori yamashanyarazi na cobblestone mu kibaya cya erpernon
* Adirt
* Inganda zikora urusyo

### '''Amashakiro'''
Hanshin Tigers

**Hanshin Tigers** (阪神タイガース) ni ikipe Ubuyapani yabigize umwuga . Biri muri Ligue Nkuru . Ikibanza cyabereye ni Stade Hanshin Koshien mu mujyi wa Nishinomiya, Perefegitura ya Hyogo .
Izina rigufi ni " Hanshin " naho izina ni " Ingwe ". Rimwe na rimwe byitwa " ingwe " cyangwa " kurwanya ingwe ". Mu makipe 12 asanzwe yabigize umwuga mu Buyapani , ifite amateka ya kabiri maremare nyuma ya Yomiuri Giants, kandi ni imwe mu makipe yatangije shampiyona yabigize umwuga mu 1936 . Kugeza mu 1960, yitwaga Ingwe za Osaka usibye igihe cyintambara.

Isosiyete ikora ni Hanshin Tigers Co., Ltd. Isosiyete y'ababyeyi ni Hanshin Electric Railway ( ishami rya Hankyu Hanshin Holdings ).

Shampiyona eshanu zatsinze (zashyizwe ku mwanya wa 5 mu mubare watsinze), inshuro imwe gusa mu Buyapani (ihuza amanota yo hasi mu makipe 12 ), kandi kuva 1987 kugeza 2001 , imyaka yijimye yo kurohama kugeza hasi inshuro 10 muri saison 15.

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Urubuga rwemewe
Vuba Vuba

**Vuba Vuba** africa n'Ikigo kizobereye mu byo kugeza amafunguro ku bantu babyifuza bayasabye bifashishije ikoranabuhanga, Vuba Vuba Africa cyamaze kwagura ibikorwa byacyo biva mu Mujyi wa Kigali bigera no mu karere ka Musanze.Iyi resitora icuruza ibyo kurya mu buryo koranabuhanga mujyi wa Kigali nohanze yawo ikaba ikoresha uburyo bwa moto kugirango igeze ibyo kurya ku bakririya bayo.

## Incamake
Muri Mutarama 2020 nibwo iyi sosiyete yatangiye nyuma y’ifunga ry’iyari isanzwe ikora akazi nk’aka ya Jumia Food. Nyuma y’amezi icyenda iki kigo gikorera mu Mujyi wa Kigali kuri uyu wa 8 Nzeri 2020  cyatangiye ibikorwa byo kugeza amafunguro no ku bantu bari hirya no hino mu mujyi wa Musanze.

Mu kiganiro umuyobozi wa Vuba Vuba Africa, Albert Munyabugingo yagiranye na IGIHE yavuze ko bafashe umwanzuro wo gukorera no mu Mujyi wa Musanze nyuma y’igenzura bakoze bagasanga wujuje ibisabwa.

## Serivisi
**Vuba Vuba** itanga ibiribwa muri Africa, irimo kwagura ibikorwa byayo mu Karere ka Musanze mu Ntara y'Amajyaruguru, ni nyuma amezi icyenda gusa itangiye gukorera mu Rwanda.

Kuwa 8 Nzeri 2020 **Albert Munyabugingo**, uwashinze vuba vuba yatangarije ikinyamakuru The New Times ati: "Vuba Vuba Afurika izafungura ishami rishya mu Karere ka Musanze"

Ishami rishya muri Musanze rizajya ryita kubakiriya batuye muri kariya gace ndetse na ba mukerarugendo bashobora kuhaguma.

Nk’uko Munyabugingo abitangaza ngo umushinga mushya waho uzaharanira kuzana ibiryo byiza na serivisi zitangwa mu karere. Akarere ka Musanze ni umwe mu mijyi minini yo mu Rwanda kandi ni ihuriro ry'ubukerarugendo.**Vuba Vuba** ivuga ko yagiye isesengura isoko rya Musanze kandi yizera ko yiteguye kwakira ibikorwa bya e-ubucuruzi.

Nyuma yo gusesengura isoko yagize ati : Birazwi ko muri iyi minsi, abaguzi bamara igihe kinini kuri interineti kandi ba nyir'ubucuruzi bifuza gukoresha imbaraga ziyongera ku mbuga nkoranyambaga no ku mbuga za interineti." Ikigo cyizera cyane ko Musanze ari isoko rishobora kuba ryiteguye kuzamura umusaruro wubucuruzi.

Itangizwa rya serivisi yo gutanga kumurongo wa Vuba Vuba i Musanze ryatangiranye na resitora zizwi cyane muri kariya gace harimo La Paillotte, Amikus, Ndaza Escape, na Le Bamboo.

## Abakiriya
Abatuye hamwe na ba mukerarugendo i Musanze  babona ibintu byose uhereye ku biryo bitandukanye, kugeza kuri supermarket za ngombwa na serivisi z'itumanaho binyuze muri telefone ya MTN Isoko rya Musanze. Ibikorwa mu karere bizatangirana nitsinda ryabantu 10 batwara ibicuruzwa, hateganijwe kongera umubare wibicuruzwa byiyongera.

Isosiyete yatangiye gukora muri Mutarama uyu mwaka nyuma yo kugumana 80 ku ijana by'abahoze ari abakozi ndetse n'abatwara Jumia. Vuba Vuba itanga urubuga kuri ubu ifite itsinda ryabakozi 25 bahoraho, resitora 130 n'amaduka muri Kigali hamwe n'abagenzi 100 batanga impuzandengo ya 600 hafi kumunsi.

## Reference
Iterambere m'ubucuruzi bw'Afrika

Afurika ifite isoko rinini ryimbere mu gihugu rifite amahirwe akomeye. Kugeza ubu, Afurika ifite 2,9 ku ijana by'umusaruro w'isi na 2,6 ku ijana by'ubucuruzi bw'isi nubwo 16.3 ku ijana by'abatuye isi baba ku mugabane wa Afurika.

Hariho itandukaniro rinini ry’iterambere ry’ubukungu haba hagati y’ibihugu bya Afurika ndetse no mu bihugu bya Afurika byateye imbere. Ubukene buracyagaragara muri Afurika aho 32 kuri 48 mu bihugu byateye imbere cyane (LDCs).

## Ubucuruzi bw'imbere
Ubucuruzi bw’imbere muri Afurika bwiyongereye mu myaka yashize bugera kuri 15.4 ku ijana. Nubwo bimeze bityo, Aziya n'Uburayi biracyafite uruhare runini mubucuruzi bwumugabane. Kwishingikiriza cyane ku bucuruzi bw'ibicuruzwa bya mbere, ibicuruzwa byinshi hamwe n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, hamwe n’imiyoboro idahwitse yo mu karere biri mu mbogamizi zikomeye z’intara za Afurika.

Imikorere mike mu bipimo byorohereza ubucuruzi nayo ibangamira iterambere ry’ubucuruzi n’ubukungu mu karere. Kurugero, ibihugu byinshi bya Afrika bifite amanota make mubucuruzi bwa e-ubucuruzi, guhuza umurongo woherejwe no gukora ibipimo byubucuruzi.

### Imbogamizi
Bimwe mubibazo bigoye muri Afrika biterwa namasoko mato, yamenetse kandi igice cyitaruye. Ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika byifashishije ingamba ziterambere nyuma yo kubona ubwigenge burimo no gushyiraho Umuryango w’ubukungu bw’akarere (REC). Nyamara, REC nyinshi zifite abanyamuryango benshi kandi bisa nkaho bigoye aho koroshya umubano wubucuruzi mubihugu bya Afrika. Ibihugu bya Afurika byafashe ingamba zo guhuza umugabane binyuze mu gushyiraho akarere k’ubucuruzi bwisanzuye ku mugabane.

#### Amasezerano y’ubucuruzi ku mugabane wa Afurika
Amasezerano y’ubucuruzi ku mugabane wa Afurika (CFTA) yashyizweho umukono mu 2018 n’ibihugu 44 bya Afurika afite intego ndende ndende zo kurushaho kwishyira hamwe hagati y’ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika no kubaka Afurika itera imbere kandi yunze ubumwe. Mu ntego nyamukuru za CFTA harimo korohereza, guhuza no guhuza neza uburyo bw’ubucuruzi kimwe no gukuraho ibibazo bifitanye isano n’amasezerano y’ubucuruzi menshi kandi arenga ku mugabane wa Afurika. Binyuze muri aya masezerano, ubukungu bw’Afurika bwizeye gushimangira guhangana n’inganda zaho, kumenya ubukungu bw’ibipimo ku bicuruzwa bikomoka mu gihugu, gutanga neza umutungo no gukurura ishoramari ritaziguye.

## Ibipimo by'ubucuruzi
Mugihe igice cyerekana bimwe mubipimo byubucuruzi bikoreshwa cyane kurwego rwumugabane, indi mibare imwe igereranya imiterere nimikorere yibice umunani byingenzi byubatswe n’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika: Umuryango w’abarabu Maghreb (AMU / UMA), Umuryango w’ubukungu w’ibihugu bya Afurika y’iburengerazuba . y'ibihugu bya Sahel-Sahara (CEN-SAD).

## Ishakiro
Abagore mu Iterambere ry'Africa

## Abagore mu iterambere ry'Africa
Mumyaka yo hambere abagore muri Africa bafatwaga nkabantu badashoboye kandi batagira iterambere bageza

kuri Rubanda nyamwinshi (Societe).  kugeza ubu siko bikibarwa kuko abagore ni bamwe mubabarwaho gukora

cyane kandi iterambere ryabo rikagaragara.

### Ubucuruzi muri Africa
Abagore bo hirya no hino muri Africa bimaze kugaragara ko bafite uruhare runini mu iterambere ry'ibihugu byabo

aho bagaragara muri bamwe bahembwa ni ibihugu byabo kubera ibikorwa bimwe nabimwe by'iterambere bagezeho

no mu Rwanda abagore batandukaye bagaragara mubikorwa by'ubucuruzi ndetse no mubuyobozi bahembwa

kubera ibikorwa by'indashyikirwa bitandukanye

### Iterambere ry'umugore mu Rwanda
World Economic Forum agaragajeko  u Rwanda ruza kumwana wa gaanu (5) ku isi mu bijyanye no guharanira iterambere ry'umugore.  ibi kandi byakozwe hagendewe ku byiciro bine (4) birimo uruhare rw'abagore mubukungu bw'igihugu, ndetse no guha uburezi bukwiriye abana b'abakobwa, kubungabunga ubuzima bw'igitsina gore ndetse no guhabwa imyanya munzego zifata ibyemezo. 

#### Ubusumbane hagati y 'umugore n'umugabo
kuva kera mu mumateka umugore akunze kubuzwa uburenganzira no guhezwa muburyo butandukanye kandi bikagaragara mu mico hafi yayose hiya nohino ku Isi  ibi kandi byagize ingaruka zikomeye kubuzima bw'umugore kandi izi ngaruka ziracyagaragara mubusumbane bukiri ku Isi hagati y'abagore ndetse n'abagabo.

Ishami ry'umuryango wabibumbye ryita ku bagore (UN Women) rivugako uburezi ari imwe mu nkingi ituma umuryango runaka w'abanttu utangira guhindura imyumvire y’uburyo ufata abagore.

GLOBAL GENDER GAP REPORT igaragaza icyuho muburinganire aho yerekana ko bimwe mu bihugu byateje imbere

uburinganire binasanganwe urwego rw'uburezi buteye imbere nka Iceland iyoboye ibindi bihugu kuri uru rutonde,99% 

by'abaturage baba barageze mu ishuri. icyakora no mubihugu byateye imbere nkibi haracyagaragara ubusumbane hagati y 'umugabo n'umugore.

##### Uburinganire

Murwego rwo guteza imbere uburinganire hagati y’abagabo n’abagore, mumwaka wi 1977 umuryango w'abibumbye(LONI) wemeje ko ittariki ya 8 werurwe iharirwa kuzirikana ku kamaro k'umugore mubuzima bwa muntu, hakarebwa ku ntambwe yatewe mu rugendo rw’iterambere ndetse n’imbogamizi agihura na zo.

###### Umwihariko wu Rwanda mu iterambere ry'umugore
Nyuma ya Genocide yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda umwaka wi 1994, kimwe mubikorwa by'ingenzi leta yu Rwanda yagezeho nuko yashyize imbaraga mu guteza imbere uburinganire hagati y’abagabo n’abagore. Mu 1995, u Rwanda rwashyize umukono ku masezerano agamije guteza imbere uburenganzira bw’abagore n'abakobwa yasinyiwe i Beijing mu Bushinwa.

Ibi kandi byakurikiwe nizindi ngamba zitandukanye zirimo gushyiraho Minisiteri yihariye ifite munshingano zayo gukurikirana uburinganire, hashyirwaho kandi gahunda zigamije guteza imbere uburezi bw’abakobwa, havugururwa amategeko ku mitungo n’ibindi byinshi, byose bigamije guteza imbere uburinganire.

#### Reba
Umuryango w'Iterambere ry'Africa y'Epfo

Umuryango w’iterambere ry’Afurika yepfo (SADC) wabayeho kuva mu 1980, igihe washingwa nk’ubumwe bw’ibihugu icyenda bigengwa n’abaturage benshi bo muri Afurika yepfo bizwi ku izina ry’inama yo guhuza iterambere ry’amajyepfo ya Afurika (SADC), intego nyamukuru yo guhuza imishinga yiterambere hagamijwe kugabanya gushingira ku bukungu kuri Afrika yepfo icyo gihe ivangura. Icyicaro gikuru cya SADC giherereye i Gaborone, muri Botswana.

## Amateka
Ibihugu bigize Umuryango ni: Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Swaziland, Repubulika yunze ubumwe ya Tanzaniya, Zambiya na Zimbabwe.

SADC yashinzwe i Lusaka, muri Zambiya ku ya 1 Mata 1980, nyuma yo kwemeza Itangazo rya Lusaka - Afurika y'Epfo: Kugana Ubukungu.

Guhindura uyu muryango kuva mu nama mpuzabikorwa mu muryango w’iterambere (SADC, mu icyongereza: Southern  African Development Coordination Conference) byabaye ku ya 17 Kanama 1992 i Windhoek, muri Namibiya, ubwo Itangazo n’amasezerano byashyirwaga umukono mu nama y’abakuru b’ibihugu na guverinoma bityo bagaha umuryango ubuzimagatozi.

Ibihugu bigize uyu muryango ni Angola, Botswana, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, Lesotho, Madagasikari, Malawi, Maurice, Mozambique, Namibiya, Seychelles, Afurika y'Epfo, Swaziland, Repubulika yunze ubumwe ya Tanzaniya, Zambiya na Zimbabwe

## Indanganturo
National Cement Company Limited

**National Cement Company Limited** (**NCCL**), cyangwa **National Cement Company Kenya Limited**, ni uruganda rukora sima mu gihugu cya Kenya . Ni ishami ry’itsinda ry’amasosiyete nka Devki, N'ihuriro ry’inganda, rifite icyicaro muri Kenya hamwe n’ibigo bikora nko muri Kenya, Uganda na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo . 

## Aho biherereye
Inganda nkuru za NCCL ziherereye ku muhanda wa Nairobi na Mombasa, mu mujyi wa Athi River, Intara ya Machakos .  hari  kilometero k'umuhanda, mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba bwa Nairobi, umurwa mukuru wa Kenya.  Ibiharanga ni 1 ° 29'31.0 "S, 37 ° 03'26.0" E (Ubunini: -1.491944; Uburebure: 37.057222). 

## Incamake
National Cement Company Limited yashinzwe mu 2008 itangira gukora sima muri 2010. 

Kugeza muri Mata 2018, NCCL niyo yari nini mu gukora sima kavukire muri Kenya, ifite ibihingwa byinshi muri iki gihugu.  Ifite  ijana ku ijana bya Simba Cement Uganda Limited, uruganda rwa sima mu mujyi wa Tororo wa Uganda, rufite ubushobozi bwo gukora toni miliyoni imwe buri mwaka.  

## Nyirubwite
Kuba sosiyete ifite guhera muri 2018 nkuko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ikurikira :  

## Amajyambere ya vuba
Muri Gicurasi 2019, NCCL yashyize umukono ku masezerano y’amadorari miliyoni 50 yo kugura umutungo wa Kenya hamwe n’ibigo byose bya ARM Cement Plc. ( Muri Receivership ), nk'ikibazo cyigenda. Igitekerezo gisaba kwemererwa n'amategeko muri Kenya. 

Kugura ARM bizatera inkunga ingana na miliyoni 25  y’amafaranga ya madorali yatanzwe n’imbere mu gihugu n’inguzanyo zitangwa n’ikigo mpuzamahanga cy’imari n’itsinda ry’ubucuruzi rya Kenya . Hamwe n'ogushaka NCCL, izaba ifite ubushobozi bwa toni 1,400.000 buri mwaka, bingana na 13% byu musaruro rusange w'igihugu. 

## Reba kandi

* Urutonde rwabakora sima muri Kenya

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Urubuga rwa National Cement Company Kenya Limited
Simba Cement Uganda Limited

**Simba Cement Uganda Limited** (SCUL), cyangwa **Sosiyete yi gihugu cya Uganda ikora sima**, ni uruganda rukora sima muri Uganda . Ni ishami rya National Cement Company Limited, uruganda rukora ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi ruherereye muri Kenya .   Isima yi gihugu ubwayo ni ishami ryitsinda rya Devki ryamasosiyete .  

## Aho biherereye
Inganda n'ibiro bikuru bya SCUL biherereye hafi y'umuhanda uri muri Tororo - Mbale, mu *Mudugudu wa Nyakesi*, muri Paruwasi ya Nyakesi, mu ntara ya Rubongi, mu Karere ka Tororo, nko mu kilometero 9, kumuhanda uri mu majyaruguru hari ubucuruzi bukuru bwu mujyi wa Tororo .  Bibarizwa kuri: 0 ° 44'05.0 "N, 34 ° 11'02.0" E (Ubunini: 0.734709; Uburebure: 34.183878). 

## Incamake
Uri ruganda rushya rwa sima rufite ubushobozi bwo gutanga umusaruro wa toni miliyoni imwe buri mwaka. Yakozwe ku kigereranyo cya miliyoni 185 z'amadora ya America. Andi masoko yizewe avuga ko yatwaye miliyoni 199 z'amadora y'America.  Umusaruro w'ubucuruzi watangiye mugihembwe cya mbere cyo muri 2018.  Umusaruro washyizweho ni toni 3.000 buri munsi, bivuze ko toni zigera kuri 800.000 buri mwaka. 

## Nyirubwite
SCUL ni ishami ryuzuye rya National Cement Company Limited (NCCL) rifite icyicaro gikuru muri Kenya.   Akaba ifite imigabane muri National Cement Kenya, ariyo rabyaye uruganda rwa Simba Cement Uganda Limited, nkuko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ikurikira: 

## Ubwubatsi
Rwiyemezamirimo nyamukuru yari **Mepani Technical Services Limited** . Kubaka uruganda (usibye ibikoresho na sisitemu), byatwaye hafi miliyoni 55 z'amadora y'America, kandi byatwaye imyaka ibiri n'igice. Gutangiza ku mugaragaro byabaye ku ya 29 Kanama 2018. 

## Reba kandi

* Urutonde rwabakora sima muri Uganda

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Uruganda rushya rwa sima rufungura i Tororo Kuva ku ya 26 Nyakanga 2017. (Video).
* Uganda: Ibimera bibiri bishya bya sima muri Tororo bitarenze 2018
Dozy Mmobuosi

**Dozy Mmobuosi** ni umucuruzi wo muri Nigeriya na rwiyemezamirimo mu ikoranabuhanga. Ni umuvugizi witerambere ryikoranabuhanga muri Afrika .  Niwe washinze Tingo Inc. akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru wayo.  

## Ubuzima bwambere nuburere
Dozy Mmobuosi yavukiye i Lagos, muri Nijeriya . Yabonye impamyabumenyi ya kaminuza muri siyanse politiki, yakuye muri kaminuza ya Ambrose Alli, muri Ekpoma, muri Leta ya Edo . Yabonye kandi impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya gatatu  mu by'ubukungu yakuye muri kaminuza imwe.  Yarangije afite impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga muri kaminuza mu iterambere ry'icyaro yakuye muri Universiti Putra muri Maleziya.  Muri Werurwe 2022, Mmobuosi yarangije gahunda yo kuyobora mu ishuri ry’ubucuruzi rya Saïd, muri kaminuza ya Oxford .  

## Umwuga
Mu 2001, Mmobuosi yashinze Tingo Mobile kugirango itange ikoranabuhanga rigendanwa hamwe n’ibisubizo bya Fintech ku baturage bo mu cyaro muri Nijeriya .  Muri 2015, Mmobuosi yashinze Tingo Inc, isosiyete igurishwa ku mugaragaro ku itsinda rya OTC Markets Group . Muri Mutarama 2019, Dozy Mmobuosi yashyize ahagaragara Nwassa, Agri-Isoko rya sisitemu, hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rya mbere ry’ubuhinzi muri Afurika.   

Ukuboza 2022, Dozy Mmobuosi yashyize ahagaragara ikigo cy’ubuyobozi cya Dozy Mmobuosi (DMLC), kibarizwa i Oxford, mu Bwongereza, hagamijwe guteza imbere abayobozi b’Afurika ubumenyi bwo kubafasha guhindura serivisi zabo bwite n’abikorera.   Muri Gashyantare 2023, byavuzwe ko Mmobuosi yari hafi miliyoni 90 z'amapawundi yo kugura umupira w'amaguru mu Bwongereza muri Sheffield United .   

## Reba
Prime Cement Ltd

Prime Cement Ltd ni uruganda rukorera sima mu Rwanda. Akaba ari  ishami ryu ruganda rwa Milbridge Holding SA. Ni uruganda kandi rukora ibikoresho bitandukanye byo kubaka, rufite kandi amashami atandukanye muri Angola, leta zunze ubumwe bw'abarabu, mu Rwanda na Afurika yepfo.

## Mu Rwanda
Prime Cement Ltd ni uruganda rukora cima aho ruherereye mu karere ka Musanze mu intara ya Majyaruguruyu Rwanda.

## uruganda
Uru ruganda rwubatswe mu byiciro bibiri, rufite ubushobozi bwo gukora amatoni 600.000, mu cyiciro cya mbere, cyatwaye agiciro ka miliyoni 40z'amadorali y'America, rwatangiye gukora muri Kanama 2020.

## Amashakiro
Isoko Rusange ry'Afurika y'Iburasirazuba n'Amajyepfo

Isoko Rusange ry'Afurika y'Iburasirazuba n'Amajyepfo (COMESA Mu icyongereza: Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa) ni umuryango w'ubukungu mu karere muri Afurika ufite ibihugu makumyabiri na kimwe bigize uyu muryango kuva muri Tuniziya kugera Eswatini.  

## Amateka
COMESA yashinzwe mu Kuboza 1994, isimbuza Agace k’ubucuruzi kariho kuva mu 1981. Icyenda mu bihugu bigize uyu muryango byashyizeho ubucuruzi bw' akarere bwisanzuye mu 2000 (Djibouti, Misiri, Kenya, Madagasikari, Malawi, Mauritius, Sudani, Zambiya na Zimbabwe), hamwe n'u Rwanda n'Uburundi byinjira muri FTA mu 2004, Comoros na Libiya mu 2006, Seychelles muri 2009 na Tuniziya na Somaliya muri 2018. COMESA ni imwe mu nkingi z'umuryango w’ubukungu nyafurika.

Mu mwaka wa 2008, COMESA yemeye kwagura ubucuruzi  bw'akarere bwisanzuye harimo abanyamuryango b’andi mashyirahamwe abiri y’ubucuruzi muri Afurika, Umuryango w’Afurika y’iburasirazuba (EAC) n’umuryango w’iterambere ry’Afurika yepfo (SADC). COMESA irasuzuma kandi gahunda rusange ya viza yo kuzamura ubukerarugendo.

## Indanganturo
Cimerwa

Cimerwa ni uruganda rukora sima mu Rwanda, rukaba rukorera mu Rwanda kuva mu 1984, kuri ubu rukora toni ibihumbi 600 za sima, aho rwakoraga toni ibihumbi 50 buri mwaka.

## Aho rubarizwa

uruganda rwa Cimerwa ni rumwe mu nganda zisanzwe zibarizwa mu Rwanda aho zitunganya sima, Cimerwa Plc ruherereye mu kibaya cya Bugarama mu karere ka  Rusizi, mu intara y'iburengerazuba.

## Mu Bucuruzi
uruganda rwa Cimerwa rero rwaguzwe, na PPC ikomoka mu gihugu cya  Afurika y'Epfo,ibarizwa ku mugabane wa Afurika, aho ari uruganda rukora sima nyinshi mu Rwanda.

## Imari n'imigabane
uruganda rwa Cimerwa ubu ruri ku isoko ry'imari n'imigabane kuva muri 2020, ikaba ari isoka rya kabilo mu rwanda rinini.

## Amashakiro
Angia Cement prefabricated

Ni Kampani yitwa Anjia Prefabricated Construction iri mu Rwanda, ifite umushinga wo kubaka uruganda rukora sima mu rwanda rwitwa Angia cement prefabricated, rwubatse uruganda mu cyanya cyahariwe ibintu by'inganda mu Karere ka Muhanga.

## Aho Ikomoka
Anjia Prefabricated Construction ubundi isanzwe ifite icyicaro gikuru mu gihugu cya  Etiyopiya, ariko ikaba nanone ikorera no mubindi bihugu birimo Repubulika Iharanira Demukarasi ya Congo, Uburundi ndetse na Tanzaniya.

## I Muhanga
Anjia Prefabricated Construction izubaka iri mu Muhanga, aho iri kubaka uruganda rwa sima ku buso bungana na hegitari 67, aho rwitezweho kuzajya rukora sima Nyarwanda, ndetse n’ibindi bikoresho byifashishwa mu bwubatsi. uru ruganda nirwuzura ruzajya rutanga umusaruro ungana na Toni 1.000.000 ku mwaka.

## Amashakiro
Tap and go wifi

Tap&Go Wifi Ni ikarita ya shinzwe n'ikigo nyarwanda gikora ibintu by' ikoranabuhanga cyitwa AC Group, cyahanze ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rya Tap&Go rikoreshwa mu kwishyura amatike na serivise y’ingendo mu modoka ziri rusange mu mujyi wa Kigali.

## Uko yatangiye

iyi karita yi koranabuhanga ya Tap&Go yatangijwe na AC Group muri 2015, kugirango haveho ibibazo mu biciro by’ingendo hagati y’abagenzi n’ababatwara, ndetse gukuraho impaka z'abagaho mu kugena ibiciro by’ingendo, no gufasha ibigo bitanga serivise z’ubwikorezi kurushaho gukora kinyamwuga, no gukuraho ihererekanya  ry’amafaranga yacaga mu ntoki z’abantu.

## Uko akora

Aya makarita ya Tap&Go ashyirwaho amafaranga n’abakozi babishizwe ba AC Group bazwi nk’ab’agenti bari mu bice bitandukanye by’umujyi wa kigali, ubundi rero umugenzi akaba yishyura urungendo akoresheje iyi ikarita. Umugenzi kandi ashobora kubona amafaranga asiganye ku ikarita ye, amaze gukoza ku cyuma kiba kiri muri buri modoka agiye kugendamo, ndetse akaba ashobora kuba yanakoresha telefoni gendanwa.

## Amashakiro
Ihuriro ry'Afurika y'Iburasirazuba

Ishyirahamwe Nyafurika y'Iburasirazuba (Igiswahiri: Shirikisho la Afrika Mashariki) ni ihuriro ryashyizweho rya politiki ry’ibihugu birindwi byigenga, uy’umuryango ugizwe n’ibihugu by’Afurika y’iburasirazuba mu karere ka Afurika y’ibiyaga bigari - u Burundi, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, Kenya, u Rwanda, Sudani y'Amajyepfo, Tanzaniya na Uganda - nk'igihugu kimwe cyigenga cya federasiyo.

## Amateka

Igitekerezo cy’iri shyirahamwe cyabayeho kuva mu ntangiriro ya za 1960, ariko ntikirasohora kubera impamvu zitandukanye. Muri Nzeri 2018, hashyizweho komite ishinzwe gutangiza gahunda yo gutegura itegeko nshinga ry’akarere, kandi umushinga w’itegeko-nshinga ry’iri shyirahamwe wagombaga kwandikwa mu mpera za 2021 n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo mu 2023.  Icyorezo cya COVID-19 cyahagaritse gahunda yo gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa itegeko nshinga. Ku ya 20 Werurwe 2023, EAC yatangaje ko gahunda yo gutegura izakomeza muri Gicurasi 2023 muri Kenya.

Mu gihe ihuriro ry’ibihugu by’Afurika y’iburasirazuba ritarashyirwaho, hafashwe ingamba nyinshi kugira ngo iyi ntego igerweho. Inzego n’inzego nyobozi bimaze kubaho kugirango ubumwe bw’ibihugu byunze ubumwe,  hamwe n’abahagarariye ibihugu byose bifitanye isano bakorera hamwe kugira ngo bagere kuri iyo ntego.

Ibihugu birindwi byunze ubumwe mu muryango w’ibihugu by’Afurika y’iburasirazuba byaranzwe na ruswa ishingiye kuri politiki ndetse n’ibihugu birenga imbaraga, kandi bikabangamirwa n’ubudashyikirwa bwabo mu bijyanye n’ururimi n’amacakubiri. Aka karere karizera gutsinda izo nzitizi kugira ngo haboneke inyungu z’ubukungu ubumwe bushobora guha aba baturage benshi kandi biyongera.

## Indanganturo
Ubumwe bw'Abarabu Maghreb

Ubumwe bw'Abarabu Maghreb (UMA mu icyongereza: *Arab Maghreb Union*, Mu igifaransa: *Union du Maghreb Arabe*) ni ubumwe bwa politiki n’amasezerano y’ubucuruzi y’ubumwe agamije ubumwe bw’ubukungu n’ejo hazaza mu bihugu by’abarabu Ibihugu biherereye cyane cyane i Maghreb muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru. Abanyamuryango bayo ni ibihugu bya Alijeriya, Libiya, Mauritania, Maroc na Tuniziya. Ubumwe ntibwashoboye kugera ku majyambere agaragara ku ntego zabwo kubera ubwumvikane buke mu by'ubukungu na politiki hagati ya Maroc na Alijeriya ku bijyanye n'ikibazo cya Sahara y'Uburengerazuba. Nta nama yo mu rwego rwo hejuru yabaye kuva ku ya 3 Nyakanga 2008, kandi abasobanuzi bavuga ko Ubumwe businziriye.

## Kurema
Igitekerezo cy’ubumwe bw’ubukungu cya Maghreb cyatangiranye n’ubwigenge bwa Tuniziya na  Maroc mu 1956. Nyuma y’imyaka mirongo itatu, ni bwo ibihugu bitanu bya Maghreb - Alijeriya, Libiya, Mauritania, Maroc, na Tuniziya byahuye bwa mbere. Inama ya Maghreb mu 1988. Ubumwe bwashinzwe ku ya 17 Gashyantare 1989 ubwo amasezerano yasinywaga n’ibihugu bigize uyu muryango i Marrakech.Dukurikije Itegeko Nshinga, intego yaryo ni ukwemeza ubufatanye "n’inzego zisa n’akarere ... [kugira] uruhare mu gutunganya ibiganiro mpuzamahanga ... [gushimangira ubwigenge bw’ibihugu bigize uyu muryango kandi ... [ kurinda] umutungo wabo. " Ingamba zifatika z’akarere zishingiye ku kuba, hamwe, hamwe na fosifate nini, peteroli, na gaze, kandi ni ikigo cyambukiranya Uburayi bw’amajyepfo. Intsinzi y'Ubumwe rero, yaba ingenzi mubukungu.

## Ishirahamwe
Hariho ubuyobozi busimburana muri AMU bukorwa na buri gihugu. Umunyamabanga mukuru uriho ubu ni umunya Tuniziya Taïeb Baccouche.

## Abanyamuryango
Mu nama ya 16 y’abaminisitiri b’ububanyi n’amahanga ba AMU, yabaye ku ya 12 Ugushyingo 1994 muri Algiers, Misiri yasabye kwinjira mu itsinda rya AMU.

* Algeria
* Libya
* Mauritania
* Morocco
* Tunisia

## Ubukungu
Ubukungu bwa AMU buhuza ubukungu bwibihugu bine kuri bitanu bigize uyu muryango. Ibihugu byose byiganjemo ibihugu by’abarabu n’abayisilamu. Ibihugu bine kuri bitanu bya AMU bifite GDP ihuriweho (mugihe cyo kugura imbaraga zingana; PPP) ingana na tiriyari 1.5276 USD. Igihugu gikize cyane hashingiwe kuri GDP kuri buri muntu muri PPP ni Alijeriya. Hashingiwe kuri GDP umuturage (nominal), Libiya nicyo gihugu gikize cyane, aho amafaranga yinjiza arenga US $ 65.803 kuri buri muntu.

## Indanganturo
YegoMoto

YegoMoto ni gahunda y'ikoranabuhanga ikorwa na Yego Innovision, ikaba ifasha mugutwaba abantu n'ibintu, ikoreshwa mu mujyi wa kigali. YegoMoto yatangoye gukoreshwa muri 2017, yegoMoto ikaba ikoreshwa n'abamotari bagera kuri 4500, aho ishyirwa muri moto igafasha abagenzi kwishyura urugendo, bitagombeye guciririkana. 

## Ibindi
Uretse kandi imashini za YegoMoto zihabwa abamotari, ikigo Yego Innovision cyari gisanzwe cyarahaye abatwara abagenzi mu modoka ntoya zitwa taxi, hari imashini za mubazi zizwi nka Yego Cabs, hakaba hari izirenga 1,140.

## Amashakiro
Pascal Moto

**Pascal Moto** ni gahunda igezweho y'ikoranabuhanga mu Rwanda ikorwa na pascal technology, ikaba ifasha mugutwaba ibitandukanye nka abantu n'ibintu, ikaba ikoreshwa mu mujyi wa kigali. Pascal Moto yatangiye gukoreshwa muri 2022, Pascal Moto ikaba ikoreshwa n'abamotari benshi muri kigali, Pascal rero ishyirwa muri moto zirwara abagenzi zigafasha kwishyura urugendo, bitagombeye guciririkana n'umumotari.

## Amashakiro
Irembo Gov

IREMBO ni ikoranabuhanga rihuza abaturage ku isi na serivisi za Leta y’u Rwanda. Ni urubuga rukoreshwa gushaka ibyangombwa byose wifuza muri serivisi zose utarinze kujya Kigali cyangwa ku karere cyangwa ku murenge. Iri koranabuhanga ry’Irembo ryavunnye amaguru abaturarwanda, yaba abenegihugu ndetse n’abanyamahanga batuye u Rwanda.

Izo services zose ushobora kuzisaba uri mu rugo iwawe ukoresheje mudasobwa yawe cyangwa telefone igendanwa hanyuma 

ukakira ibyangombwa byawe kuri email habayeho guhanahana amakuru kuri murandasi.

## Serivisi zihabwa abaturage ku Irembo

### Serivisi z'umuryango

* Icyemezo cy’ubupfakazi
* Icyemezo cy'uko utuye 
* Icyemezo gihabwa uwacitse ku icumu rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994
* Icyemezo  cyemeza ko uri ingaragu
* Serivisi zo gusaba gatanya k'ubashakanye 
* Inyandiko yo kwemeza umwana wabyawe n’ababyeyi batashyingiranwe byemewe n'amategeko
* Inyandiko yemeza ubwishingire
* Icyemezo cyangwa inyandiko y'izungura
* Icyemezo cy’imibanire y’abashyingiranwe

* Serivisi z’amavuko (Icyemezo cy'amavuko)
* Serivisi zihabwa abashaka gushyingirwa cyangwa abashyingiranwe byemewe n'amategeko
* Serivisi zihabwa uwitabye Imana (Kwandikuza uwitabye Imana)
* Inyandiko cyangwa icyemezo cyo kubera umubyeyi (nizindi)

### Abinjira n'abasohoka

* Kwishyura ibihano
* Kwishyura DPA
* Serivisi CEPGL
* Ubwenegihugu bw'u Rwanda
* Kwimura Impushya cyangwa Viza
* Impushya
* Indangamuntu y'umunyamahanga 
* Icyangombwa cy'inzira cy'Umunyamahanga 
* Gusaba pasiporo mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga 
* Urwandiko rw'inzira
* Gusaba viza

### Irangamimerere

* Gusaba indangamuntu 
* Kwiyandikisha mu gitabo cyandikwamo abaturage 
* Gusimbuza Indangamuntu yatakaye
* Icyemezo cy'umwirondoro wuzuye
* Icyemezo cyo guhinduza izina 
* Gusaba gukosorerwa Indangamuntu 
* Icyemezo cy'ubwenegihugu
* Icyemezo cy'uko umuntu ariho
* Icyemezo gisimbura indangamuntu

## Indanganturo
Qatar Airways

Qatar Airways (Arabic:  ) n'indege y'igihugu ya Emirate ya Qatar. Qatar Airways ni imwe mu ndege ziyongera cyane mu nganda z’indege ku isi, kuri ubu umuyoboro uhuza abantu barenga 100 mu Burayi, Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, Amerika y'Epfo, Uburasirazuba bwo hagati, Afurika, Aziya y'Epfo, Uburasirazuba bwa Ositaraliya, cyane cyane ku kibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Doha.

Qatar Airways ikora buri munsi kuva i Roma Fiumicino, Milan Malpensa na Venice kugera ku Kibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Doha, itanga umurongo wa buri cyumweru 25 (indege 29, bitewe n’indege 4 ziyongereye ziva i Roma ziteganijwe mu gihe cya 01 Nyakanga - 30 Nzeri 2011). Kuva ku Kibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Doha hari ingendo zerekeza Dubai hafi buri saha: igihe cyo guhaguruka ni isaha 1.

## Ibihembo
Kuva mu 2009, Qatar Airways yakoze impamyabumenyi y’inyenyeri 5 yatanzwe na Skytrax World Airline Awards 2011 (isosiyete ikora ubushakashatsi mu Bwongereza, imwe mu mashyirahamwe azwi cyane mu nzego z’indege za gisivili kubera ko yahawe ibihembo by’umwaka ku masosiyete atandukanye y’indege, harimo ibihembo byisi byindege - Igihembo cyindege yumwaka) kandi yahawe igihembo cyiswe "Airline of the Yearby kubera ibikorwa byindashyikirwa mu bwato no kuba indashyikirwa mu bikorwa.

Abakozi ba Qatar Airways bahawe igihembo cya "Crew nziza mu burasirazuba bwo hagati". Byongeye kandi, Qatar Airways yatorewe kuba “indege nziza mu burasirazuba bwo hagati” mu bushakashatsi bwakorewe abagenzi mpuzamahanga barenga miliyoni 15 muri Skytrax World Airline Awards 2011.

## Indanganturo
Rwanda Civil Aviation Authority

**Rwanda Civil Aviation Authority** Ikigo **gishinzwe iby'indege za gisivili mu Rwanda** ( **RCAA**, Kinyarwanda)   ni ubuyobozi bw'indege za gisivili zo mu Rwanda . Icyicaro cyayo kiri ku Kibuga cy'Indege Mpuzamahanga cya Kigali .  Ni Ububasha bwashyizweho nk'ikigo **gishinzwe indege za gisivili** n'Itegeko No 21/2004 ryo ku wa 10/08/2004, risimbuza ikigo cy'indege cy'u Rwanda, cyari cyashinzwe muri 1986. Itegeko ryakurikiyeho No 44/2006 ryo kuwa 05/10/2006 ryongeye guhindura m'umuryango nka RCAA. 

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Ikigo gishinzwe indege za gisivili
Kandt House Museum

**Kandt House Museum** ni **Inzu Ndangamurage ya Kandt**, yahoze yitwa **Inzu Ndangamurage y’Amateka Kamere**, iherereye mu cyahoze ari umujyi wa Kigali, Akarere ka Nyarugenge, mu burengerazuba bwawo.  Aha hantu hatoranijwe nk'umurwa mukuru w’abakoloni mu Rwanda mu Budage muri 1907 n’umuturage w’Umudage (Administrator) Richard Kandt ku izina rya **Nyarugenge** . Izina ryahinduwe Kigali muri 1908 kuko byari bigoye cyane ko abakoloni bavuga.  Ariko izina Kigali ryitiriwe Umwami Cyirima I Rugwe mu kinyejana cya cu 14 mu kwita izina ubu musozi wa Kigali .

Hanyuma, igitekerezo cya Richard Kandt, hamwe n’abandi bayobozi b’igisirikare cy’abakoloni, Abanyarwanda batangiye kubaka inyubako z’ubuyobozi, harimo n’iyi nyubako ndangamurage muri 1908.  Iyi niyo nyubako yonyine isigaye kuva mu mwaka wo muri 1908. Kubera iyo mpamvu, iyi nyubako yavuguruwe muri 2004 ihinduka nk'inzu ndangamurage y’amateka karemano yerekana umutungo kamere w’u Rwanda . Byongeye kandi, ku ya 17 Ukuboza 2017, inzu ndangamurage yahinduye izina yitwa Inzu Ndangamurage ya Kandt hamwe n’imurikagurisha rishya ryerekana amateka y’u Rwanda mbere ndetse no mu bukoloni bw’Abadage ku izina rishya ry’ingoro ndangamurage ya Kandt. Hariho kandi iyerekanwa ry’ibikururuka bizima nka ingona za Nili, inzoka nka mamba yirabura, python, cobra, nizindi ziboneka mu cyaro cyu Rwanda.

Iyi ngoro ndangamurage iri munsi y’ishuri ry’umurage ndangamuco mu Rwanda . 

## Reba
Uganda Airlines

Uganda Airlines ni indege ya Uganda iri mu ibendera rya Uganda. yahoze izwi nka **Flag Carrier**, Iyi sosiyete ni ubukombe kuko yakoze kuva 1977 kugeza 2001 mbere yo kwitwa  Uganda Airlines. yakomeje Ubwikorezi muri Kanama 2019. Iyi sosiyete y'indege yanditswe yigenga yanditswe mu gihugu itwara abantu, kandi ifite uburenganzira butangwa na leta mu bikorwa mpuzamahanga.

## Aho iherereye
Icyicaro gikuru giherereye mu kibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Entebbe, mu Karere ka Wakiso, nko mu bilometero 34 (21 mi), ku muhanda, mu majyepfo y’akarere ka bucuruzi hagati ya Kampala, umurwa mukuru n’umujyi munini muri Uganda

## Amateka

Nyuma y’ubushakashatsi n’inama nyinshi, Inama y’Abaminisitiri ya Uganda yahisemo kongera gutangiza indege ya Uganda Airlines, [19] ifite indege nshya esheshatu, ebyiri muri zo zikaba ari umubiri mugari, intera ndende A330-800 naho izindi enye zikaba indege CRJ900. 20] Ubushakashatsi bwasabye leta gushora imari ingana na miliyoni 70 z’amadolari y’Amerika n’inguzanyo ingana na miliyoni 330 z’amadolari y’Amerika, yatijwe n’abatanga inguzanyo mu karere nka Banki y’ubucuruzi n’iterambere, kugira ngo barangize.

Muri Gicurasi 2018, East African yatangaje ko guverinoma ya Uganda yashyize amafaranga make kuri buri ndege esheshatu, mu gihe isoza gahunda yo gutera inkunga. Icyiciro cya mbere cy’indege CRJ900 cyari giteganijwe mu Gushyingo 2018, mu gihe hateganijwe ko hatangwa indege A330-800 mu Kuboza 2020

## Indanganturo
Ubukerarugendo muri Bénin

**Ubukerarugendo muri Bénin** ni inganda ntoya.  Mu 1996, Benin yari ifite ba mukerarugendo bagera ku 150.000.   Kugeza 2014 umubare wazamutse ugera ku 242.000. Igihugu gito gifite ibyiza nyaburanga bikurura ba mukerarugendo,  parike y'igihugu ya Benin ndetse n'umuco biri mu bikurura ba mukerarugendo. Abomey ni kamwe mu turere dukurura ba mukerarugendo ba Benin, hamwe n'ingoro zahindutse Umurage w'isi mu 1982.  Umurwa mukuru Porto Novo ibyiza nyaburanga birimo ingoro ndangamurage n’ubwubatsi. 

Cotonou n'ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cyonyine muri Bénin.  Hariho indege zerekeza muri Bénin ziva mu Bubiligi, mu Bufaransa, no mu bihugu byinshi bya Afurika.  Muri iki gihugu hari kilometero 578 za gari ya moshi, zakozwe ku bufatanye na Repubulika ya Niger. 

Guverinoma ya Benin ibona ubukerarugendo nk'uburyo bwo gutandukanya ubukungu bwabwo, gukurura ishoramari ryinshi mu mahanga, no kugabanya ubwishingizi bwa Benin ku nganda z’ubuhinzi.   N'ubwo guverinoma ifite Politiki y’igihugu ishinzwe iterambere ry’ubukerarugendo, ntabwo yashyizeho ingufu nyinshi mu kuzamura ibikorwa by’ubukerarugendo cyangwa gucuruza Benin nk'ahantu nyaburanga. 

Bimwe mu bice byiza by’inyamanswa muri Afurika y’iburengerazuba biboneka mu majyaruguru ya Bénin, aho Parike y'igihugu ya Pendjari na Parike y'igihugu ya W biherereye.  Igihe cyiza cyo kubona inyamanswa ya Parike ya Pendjari iri hafi kurangira igihe cy'izuba.  Parike irashobora kugera kubagenzi kandi amacumbi arahari. Parike y'igihugu ya W iherereye mu majyaruguru ya Benin, kandi ikambukiranya Burkina Faso na Niger . Iyi parike ifite inyamanswa nyinshi, ariko biragoye kuyigeraho muri Bénin. 

## Reba kandi

* Inyamaswa zo muri Bénin
* Umuziki wa Bénin
* Umuco wa Bénin
* Politiki ya viza ya Bénin

## Amashakiro
Osama Daoud Abdellatif

**Osama Daoud Abdellatif** ni umuherwe ukomeye w’umucuruzi wo muri Sudani akaba n’umuyobozi w'ikigo cyitwa DAL Group, n'amasosiyete menshi afite icyicaro i Khartoum, muri Sudani . 

## Ubucuruzi

### Ikigo cya DAL Group
Osama Daoud ni umuyobozi akaba n'uwashinze ikigo cya DAL Group, kigizwe n'umubare munini w'amasosiyete afite icyicaro i Khartoum, muri Sudani . Itsinda rya DAL ribarizwa mu nzego zinyuranye z’ubukungu, nko mu kongera umusaruro w’ibiribwa, ubwubatsi, cyangwa ubucuruzi, binyuze mu masosiyete nka DAL Motors, DAL Engineering, ibiryo bya DAL (birimo ifu ya Sayga, Dairy Blue Nile Dairy, Nobo Pasta,), Sutrac na Sudani Liquid Air, kimwe n'andi masosiyete menshi. 

DAL Group yashinze ishuri ry’umuryango mpuzamahanga wa Khartoum (KICS) kandi, mu rwego rwo gushyigikira inshingano z’imibereho myiza y’abaturage, ikora mu bikorwa binyuranye by’umuco, nk’ibirori by’ibiribwa gakondo bya Sudani cyangwa iminsi mikuru yizihiza imigenzo y'umuziki wa Sudani. 

Daoud amaze kuragwa sosiyete ikora ibijyanye n’ubwubatsi n’imashini zikora ubuhinzi mu myaka ya za 1960, Daoud yahise ayagura kugeza ku rwego iriho muri iki gihe nk’umuryango munini wa Sudani.  Nubwo Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika yafatiye ibihano byerekeranye n'ubucuruzi hagati ya Sudani, DAL Food Industries  yabaye kompanyi ikora amacupa ikanayacuruza kuri Sosiyete ya Coca-Cola muri Sudani.

## Ubuzima bwite
Osama Daoud arubatse kandi afite abana batandatu.

## Reba
Bukonla Adebakin

**Bukonla Adebakin** ni umuvugizi akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru w'ubucuruzi wa Nigeriya. Ni umugore ndetse ni umuyobozi mukuru w'ibikorwa bya RED muri Afrika.  Niwe kandi uyobora itsinda rya Future Project ritegura ibihembo byitwa Future Awards Afrika .      

## Uburezi
Adebakin yize ubumenyi, ikoranabuhanga n'uburezi muri Kaminuza ya Lagos, yo muri Nigeria.

## Reba
Kubi Indi

**Kubi Chaza Indi** ni umurwanashyaka w'iterambere wo muri Zimbabwe ni rwiyemezamirimo w'umugore. Akunze gukoresha izina rye rya mbere, Kubi Chaza, yari umukinnyi wa filime mu Bwongereza, agaragara muri *Live and Let Die* mu 1973 ari umwanditsi w’igurisha ukorera James Bond . Amaze gusubira muri Zimbabwe, we n'umugabo we w'umukinnyi wa filime witwaJohn Indi batangije uruganda rukora ibicuruzwa by'ubwiza.

## Amavu n'amavuko
Indi afite uruhare runini mu iterambere ry'imiryango, byumwihariko ku bijyanye n’ibibazo byugarije abagore, kandi ni umunyamabanga mukuru w’umuryango w’abagore bakora ubucuruzi b’abasangwabutaka bo muri Zimbabwe .

Umuryango wa Indi wakomeje gukora mu mitunganyirize ya film, John nk'umukinnyi, ariko Kubi kumpande zombi za kamera. Mu 1989, yakoze *I am the Future*, filime ivuga ku mukobwa ukiri muto (wakinwe na Stella Chiweshe ) ujya mu mujyi munini ahunze intambara y'ubwigenge bwa Zimbabwe mu cyaro. Mu 1993, yakinnye eponymous heroine's modern neighbour muri *Neria*, inyandiko ya Tsitsi Dangarembga ivuga ku bapfakazi muri Zimbabwe. Filime zombi zayobowe na Godwin Mawuru, naho *Neria* yagaragayemo amajwi ya Oliver Mtukudzi .

Indi ni umunyamuryango w'abakora amafilime b'abagore bo muri Zimbabwe.

## Umwuga
Yakinnye ari umukobwa wakoraga agurisha mu iduka rya Oh Cult Voodoo yaje igihe yari mu Bwongereza, maze abigiramo uruhare. Yakinnye nk'umukobwa ucuruza akorera James Bond (yakinnye na Roger Moore ), amupfunyikira ikintu hanyuma avuza Mister Big igihe Bond avuye mu iduka. 

Zimbabwe imaze kwigenga, Indi n'umugabo we John basubiye mu gihugu. Ari naho batangiriye uruganda rw'ibicuruzwa by'ubwiza rwitwa Kubi Cosmetics. Ubu ni iduka rizwi cyane muri Afrika yepfo. Ikora ibicuruzwa byumwihariko ku ruhu n'umusatsi wa Afrika. 

## Amashusho

* *Tommorow* (1970) - Sylvana
* *Live and Let Die* (1973) - umwanditsi unacuruza (Oh Cult Voodoo Shop, 33 E 65th St, Umujyi wa New York, New York 10065)
* *Love Thy Neighbour* (1973) - umukobwa wa mbere w'umwirabura
* *Royal Flash* (1975) - Lucy
* *Neria* (1993) - Connie (uruhare rwa film ya nyuma)
* *Shaina* (2020) - Rooster Gogo

## Reba
Nonkululeko Gobodo

**Nonkululeko Gobodo** (wavutse ku ya 10 Ukwakira 1960, avukira i Mthatha, mu burasirazuba bwa Cape) niwe wabaye umucungamari wa mbere w’umugore w’umwirabura muri Afurika yepfo mu 1987.   Mu 2023 yabaye umuyobozi wa kaminuza ya Walter Sisulu .

## Umwuga wo hambere
Amaze kwiga, Nonkululeko yavugiye muri KPMG, maze ahabwa ubufatanye mu mikoranire arabyanga. Yaje gukora mu kigo cyitwa Transkei Development Corporation, nyuma y'igihe yaje kuzamuka aba umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe imari.  Nyuma yibyo, yashinze ikigo cye giciriritse cyitwa **Gobodo Incorporated** . Yagize uruhare runini mu kuyobora ihuriro rya Gobodo Incorporated na SizweNtsaluba VSP mu mwaka wa 2011 yaje gushinga ikigo cyitwa SizweNtsalubaGobodo, ikigo kinini cy’ibaruramari gifite Afurika y'Epfo. Muri 2014 yeguye ku mirimo y'umuyobozi mukuru w'ikigo. 

## Umwuga w'ubu
Mu mwaka wa 2016, yashinze ikigo **cya Nkululeko Leadership Consulting** (NLC), ni ikigo cy’ubujyanama cy’abayobozi kandi gifite giherereye i Sandton, Johannesburg. Kugeza ubu ni umuyobozi mukuru akaba n'umuyobozi ushinzwe ubujyanama muri NLC. Ni umuyobozi mukuru utari mu nama ngishwanama mu kigo cya PPC Ltd na Clicks Group Limited.  Yagizwe umuyobozi wa kaminuza ya Walter Sisulu kuva ku ya 1 Gicurasi 2023, azatangira inshingano ku mugaragaro ku ya 29 Kamena 2023. 

## Reba
Pam Golding

**Pam Golding** (12 Nzeri 1928  - 3 Mata 2018) yari umunya-Afurika y'epfo utunganya imitungo itimukanwa yo muri Afurika yepfo. Binyuze mu kigo cyitwa Pam Golding Properties yashinze mu 1976, ni rimwe mu matsinda manini y’imitungo itimukanwa muri Afurika yepfo,  ifite ibiro birenga 300 muri Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara ndetse no mu mahanga.  Umuhungu wa Golding, Andrew Golding, ubu ni umuyobozi mukuru w'ikigo.  Golding yapfuye ku ya 3 Mata 2018, afite imyaka 89, yapfiriye iwe mu rugo muri Cape Town, muri Afurika y'Epfo. 

## Reba
Tshepo Motsepe

**Tshepo Motsepe** (yavutse ku ya 17 Kamena 1953) ni umuganga wo muri Afurika yepfo akaba na rwiyemezamirimo. Ni Madamu wa Perezida wa Afurika y'Epfo, ni umugore wa Cyril Ramaphosa, Perezida wa Afurika y'Epfo . Ni mukuru wa Bridgette Radebe na musaza we ni Patrice Motsepe . 

## Ubuzima
Tshepo Motsepe yize nk'umuganga uvura muri kaminuza ya KwaZulu-Natal arangiza icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu buzima rusange mu ishuri ry’ubuzima rusange rya Harvard. Mu mwaka wa 2012, yarangije amasomo y'impamyabushobozi muri gahunda yo kwihangira imirimo (SECP) mu kigo cya Gordon Institute of Business Science. Ubu ni umuyobozi wa African Self Help Trust (ASHA Trust), yibanda ku iterambere ry’abana bato ndetse n’uburezi. 

Yakoze mu bikorwa rusange ndetse n'abikorera ku giti cyabo i Mmakau, Mahikeng, Johannesburg, Pretoria, no muri Zimbabwe. Yahoze ari Umuyobozi wungirije w'ikigo cy'ubushakashatsi ku buzima bw'imyororokere.

## Umuryango
Motsepe yashakanye na Cyril Ramaphosa, Perezida wa Repubulika ya Afurika y'Epfo, bafitanye abana bane. Motsepe ni umugore wa gatatu wa Ramaphosa. Se ni nyakwigendera Chief Augustin Butana Chaane Motsepe, murumuna we ni Patrice Motsepe ukomeye mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, na mushiki we Bridgette Radebe, umugore w'umunyapolitiki w'ishyaka ryitwa Kongere y'igihugu (ANC) akaba n'uwahoze ari Minisitiri w'ingufu, Jeff Radebe . 

## Reba
Sylvia Nduka

**Sylvia Nduka**  (yavutse 14 Ukwakira 1992) ni umunyanijeriya wigeze gutsinda mu irushanwa ry'ubwiza ndetse ni rwiyemezamirimo. 

## Ubuzima bwo hambere
Sylvia Nduka akomoka mu gace kitwa Isuofia ni muri Leta ya Anambra . Ni umuhererezi muri bavandimwe be batanu. Yize ibaruramari muri kaminuza ya Lagos .

## Umwuga

### Umukobwa mwiza cyane muri Nigeriya 2011
Yahataniye ikamba rya Nyampinga Miss Taraba mu marushanwa. aratsinda, yahawe imodoka ya Hyundai na miliyoni 3 naira.

### Umushinga
Intego z'ibanze mu mushinga we, 'Sylvia Educational Foundation', ni ugushinga umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta wahaye imbaraga abantu binyuze mu burezi kandi ukita ku bana badafite amahirwe.  

## Ubuzima bwite
Sylvia Nduka yashinze kandi anayobora ikigo cyita k'umusatsi wa Sylvia, ubucuruzi bwo kwita k'umusatsi.  

## Reba
Rebecca Naa Dedei Aryeetey

**Rebecca Naa Dedei Aryeetey** (1923 - 22 Kamena 1961) uzwi kandi ku izina rya **Dedei Ashikishan**, yari umudamu ukora umwuga w'ubucuruzi muri Gana, yari umunyapolitiki. Yari azwi cyane ku bucuruzi bw'ifu muri Accra . Niwe mugore kandi ugaragara ku giceri cya 50 cy'amaPesewas.  

## Ubuzima bwo hambere
Rebeca Naa Dedei yavutse mu mwaka wa1923, avukira ahitwa Osu akurira mu mujyi wa James, wo muri Accra. Nyina na se bakomoka muri Ga Asere na Osu.  

## Umwuga
Nyuma yo kwiga amashuri abanza, Naa Dei yahise akora ubucuruzi bw'ifu. Byatumye aba umukire kandi ukomeye cyane mu bucuruzi yakoraga bw'ifu bwamuhesheje izina ry'akabyiniririo rya 'Ashikishan', rikaba ijambo ryo mu rurimi rwitwa Ga rifite igisobanuro cy'ifu. Yari azwiho kuba umunyemari mukuru w'ishyaka rya CPP icyo gihe kandi yayoboye ibikorwa by'abagore ba CPP iwe i Kokomlemle - Accra. Nk'umunyapolitiki uharanira inyungu za CPP, yiyamamaje kandi atera inkunga Nkrumah n’ishyaka rya CPP kandi yagize uruhare runini mu gihe cyo guharanira ubwigenge bwa Gana. Yateye inkunga Nkrumah kugira ngo atsindire intebe y’inteko ishinga amategeko ya Ashiedu Keteke bituma aba Minisitiri w’intebe wa mbere wa Gana.   

## Urupfu
Kuba yari umuntu wa hafi ya Nkrumah byatumye aba umwanzi w’ishyaka rya politiki ryari ihanganye bivugwa ko aribyo byamugejeje no kugupfa hakiri kare. Yapfuye urupfu rubabaje mu gikorwa cya CPP i Ho ku ya 22 Kamena 1961 afite imyaka 38. Byaravuzwe ko abarwanashyaka ba politiki n’abagore bahawe uburozi muri icyo gikorwa nyuma yo gufata icyayi gishyushye ubwo yinubira ububabare bwo mu gifu.  

## Icyubahiro
Bisi zifite amagorofa abiri zazanywe mu mujyi wa Accra zizanywe na Harry Sawyer zahise zitiriwa 'Auntie Dedei', yari afite kandi ishusho ye kuri kashe y'igihugu ndetse no ku giceri cya 50 cya pesewa cya Gana, byose mu rwego rwo kumwibuka no kumuha icyubahiro. 

## Reba


## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Raporo y'umwaka wa Banki ya Gana 2007