open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Assistep

ASSISTEP

**AssiStep** (Assitech AS) ni igikoresho cyagenwe gishobora gukoreshwa n'abantu bafite umuvuduko muke wo kuzamuka no kumanuka kuri esikaliye.  Igizwe na sisitemu ya gariyamoshi yashyizwe ku rukuta, ifatanyijemo n'urutoki. ibi bicuruzwa byatejwe imbere muri Trondheim ( Noruveje ) ubu bigurishwa mu bihugu bigera kuri 16.

## Koresha
iki gikoresho gitanga inkunga binyuze muburyo bwo gufunga. Ugikoresha afata k'urutoki, kimwe na rotor . Kuzamuka no kumanuka kuntambwe imwe, uyikoresha azamura ikiganza uburebure bwikiganza imbere kandi kirifunga mugihe gihagaze.

## Iterambere
AssiStep yakozwe mbere n’abahoze biga muri injeniyeri bo muri NTNU, ku bufatanye n’ishuri ry’ubuvuzi bwa Occupational therapy i Trondheim, aho intego zari ugutegura igikoresho kidasaba amashanyarazi no gukumira ikoreshwa ry'urwego.  Batangiye muri 2012 mu gihe bari bakiyandikisha muri kaminuza.  mu kuyikora neza  byatwaye imyaka 3, mbere yuko AssiStep itangizwa muri 2015.  Mu ntangiriro za 2020, yabonetse mu bihugu 16 byose. Icyiciro cyiterambere n’umusaruro cyatewe inkunga binyuze mu bukangurambaga bwo guhuza abantu aho miliyoni 2 za kroner zashowe muri uyu mushinga. 

AssiStep yahawe ibihembo  inshuro nyinshi:

* Igihembo cya "Best solution" na Silver Eco Aging Well Award muri 2019 
* Yatowe igihembo kubera udushya gikoranye muri Nordic 
* Igihembo cyumushinga mwiza wubufatanye bwa Nordic muri 2016 ninama ya Nordic 
* Cyabonye umwanya wa kabiri muri Venture Cup Edition 2013, amarushanwa ya gahunda yubucuruzi ya Scandinaviya 

AssiStep yapimwe kandi yemejwe na sosiyete yo mu Budage TÜV, umuryango utanga serivisi zo kugenzura no gutanga ibicuruzwa. Yubahiriza ibipimo byumutekano tekinike EN ISO 12182: 2012 (infashanyo yimodoka kubasaza) na EN ISO 14971: 2012 (ibikoresho byubuvuzi). 

## Reba
Bath chair

INTEBE YO KWIYUHAGIRIRAMO

**Bath chair** - cyangwa **intebe yo kwiyuhagiriramo** - yari akagare kazunguruka cyangwa igare ryoroheje, aho yatwaraga umuntu umwe ufite ingofero yikubye, aho yashoboraga kuryifungurira ryakoreshejwe cyane cyane n'abamugaye, ryashyirwaga ku mapine atatu cyangwa ane hanyuma bigashushanya cyangwa bigasunikwa n'intoki.  Yari afite inkomoko yayo muri Bath, mu Bwongereza . 

Iyo bibaye ngombwa, intebe ishobora kandi gushyirwa ku mapine ane hanyuma igashushanywa n'ifarasi, indogobe cyangwa pony nto hamwe n'uburyo busanzwe bwo kuba yahinduka. Izi verisiyo zishushanyije n'inyamanswa zabanjirijwe n'ubwikorezi butemewe . James Heath, wo muri Bath, wateye imbere mbere y'ikinyejana cya 18 rwagati, ni we wavumbuye intebe yo kwiyuhagiriramo aho kwiyuhagira mu bwogero bw'Abaroma cyangwa gusura Icyumba cya Pompe cyari gikunzwe mu bashyitsi barwaye. 

Nyuma yaho hari verisiyo y'ubwoko bw'igare bw'ibimuga bisunikwa n' umukozi aho gukururwa n'inyamaswa. Mu kinyejana cya 19 bakunze kugaragara muri resitora ya spa, nka Buxton na Wells ya Tunbridge. Impapuro zimwe zashyizwemo ibikoresho bishobora gukoreshwa n umuntu uri muriyo intebe y'igare.

## Reba kandi

* Imashini yo kwiyuhagira
* Rickshaw
* Imodoka itemewe
* Litter (imodoka)
* Rayleigh kwiyuhagira intebe yubwicanyi
* Ikimuga

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* 'Intebe yo kwiyuhagira'. Ikusanyirizo ryabantu Wales.
Komisiyo y'Ubwami ishinzwe ihohoterwa, itotezwa, kwirengagiza no gukoresha abantu bafite ubumuga

**Komisiyo y'Ubwami ishinzwe ihohoterwa, ihohotera, uburangare no gukoresha abantu bafite ubumuga (mu [[icyongereza]]: Royal Commission into Violence, Abuse, Neglect and Exploitation of People with Disability)** 

Ni komisiyo y'umwami yashyizweho ku ya 4 Mata 2019 na guverinoma ya Ositaraliya hashingiwe ku itegeko rya komisiyo ishinzwe ubwami 1902. Honorable Ronald Sackville AO, KC, ukora nk'umuyobozi wa Komisiyo y'Ubwami, Nyakubahwa Roslyn Atkinson AO, Madamu Barbara Bennett PSM, Dr Rhonda Galbally AC, Madamu Andrea Mason OAM, Bwana Alastair McEwin AM, na Honorable John Ryan AM ubu ni Abakomiseri b'Abami.

Abakomiseri basabwa gutanga raporo y'agateganyo bitarenze ku ya 30 Ukwakira 2020, na raporo ya nyuma ku ya 29 Mata 2022. Raporo yanyuma yashyikirijwe Inteko ishinga amategeko n’abaturage 29 Nzeri 2023.

Igihe yashingwa, amakuru yerekeranye na komisiyo yumwami yatanzwe muri AUSLAN kandi muburyo bworoshye bwo gusoma.

## Indanganturo
Ronald Sackville

**Ronald Sackville** AO FAAL KC ni Umuyobozi wa komisiyo y'umwami mu ihohoterwa, ihohotera, uburangare no gukoresha abantu bafite ubumuga. Yahoze ari umucamanza w'agateganyo w'Urukiko rw'Ubujurire rw'Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwa New South Wales kandi yahoze ari umucamanza w'Urukiko rw’ikirenga rwa Ositaraliya.

## Uburezi
Sackville yabaye umunyeshuri muri kaminuza ya Melbourne (aho yari umwanditsi w'ikinyamakuru cya kaminuza ya Melbourne Isubiramo) na Yale University.

## Umwuga
Sackville yabaye umwarimu w’amategeko (1972–1985) akaba n’umuyobozi w’ishami ry’amategeko (1979–1981) muri kaminuza ya New South Wales.  Yabaye kandi umunyamategeko muri kaminuza ya Californiya, Berkeley (1966–1967), n'umwarimu mukuru mu by'amategeko muri kaminuza ya Melbourne (1967–1972).

## Indanganturo
Raised Toilet Seats

**Raised Toilet Seats** ni ubwiherero bwifashishwa cyane mu mahotel, mu ngo n'ahandi hantu hatandukanye   bworohereza abantu batandukanye barimo abasaza cyangwa abantu bafite ubumuga kwicara cyangwa kuva mu musarani byoroshye. Niba umusarani uri hasi cyane, birashobora kugorana kongera guhaguruka, cyane cyane niba ufite umuvuduko muke mumaguru kandi bikagorana guhagarara.

Raised Toilet Seats, abasaza cyangwa abafite ubumuga irashobora kubafasha gukoresha umusarani inzira yubahwa kandi yoroshye. Ubu bw'iherero bufite intebe ishobora gufasha umuntu ufite ubumuga bw'amaguru guhagurukia byoroshye hatagombeye umuntu umuherekeza. 

## Indanganturo
Igare ryifashishwa n'abafite ubumuga bw'Ivi n'Akaguru

**Akagare k'abafite ubumuga** cyangwa **igikoresho gifasha ufite ubumuga bw'Ivi kugenda** ni igikoresho kigizwe n'ibiziga bibiri, bitatu cyangwa ibiziga bine by'ikiziga kibisimbuza inkoni cyangwa umutambagiro gakondo nk'ubufasha. Hari n'andi mazina menshi, harimo **coaster y'ivi**, **cruiser**, **ivi caddy**, **scooter orthopedic**, cyangwa **kugenda kw'amaguru** . 

Mu myaka yashize, hifashishijwe uburyo bwinshi, uhereye ku bikoresho bifite amapine mato bikwiriye gukoreshwa mu nzu, kugeza ku binini, bibasha gukoreshwa hanze mu byatsi cyangwa muri kaburimbo. Ubusanzwe verisiyo y'uyu munsi n'ubusanzwe bworoshye, bushobora kugereranywa, hamwe n'ivi ryoroheje, rishyigikira uburyo bw'ingingo zidakoreshwa. Ikirenge gihabanye gikora hasi cyangwa kigahura no hasi, bifasha mu kugenda.

## Ibikorwa bifashwa n'Intego
Intego y'iryo gare ni  ukorohereza abafite ubumuga mu ngendo zitandukanye . Mbere yo kuyitangiza, ababazwe ibirenge, **bunionectomies**, **gout**, ababazwe munsi y'amavi, ibisebe bya diyabete n'ibikomere, ndetse no kuvunika ibirenge cyangwa kuvunika amavi, nta kundi bari kubigenza uretse kugabanya ibikorwa buzima busanzwe. Amahitamo yabo yonyine yari kugendana inkoni, kugenda mu buryo bwa gakondo cyangwa gucumbagira, igare ry'abafite ubumuga, cyangwa agatanda ko kuruhukiraho .

Ububasha bw'utugare tw'ababana  n'ubumuga bwo mu ivi bufite aho bugarukira; dushobora kuba dukwiye ku barwayi bamwe, harimo n'abafite ibikomere by'amaguru hejuru cyangwa hafi y'amavi. Ntidushobora kuyobora ingazi iremereye cyane kandi biragoye kutwikorera mu modoka kuruta inkoni.

## Uburyo bwo gukodesha
Nk'uko utugare dukoreshwa n'abafite ubumuga bwo mu mavi bukoreshwa mu gihe urikoresha amaze gukira nyuma yo kubagwa, akenshi badukoresha mu gihe gito, mu busanzwe hafi ibyumweru bine. Mu gihe code ya Medicare E0118 ishobora kuba yari ihari kera ku bacuruzi kugira ngo babone abarwayi cyangwa abagenerwabikorwa, kuko impinduka zatewe mu mafaranga, abadandaza benshi bafite amahitamo yo gukodesha ibyo bicuruzwa mugihe gito cyo gukoreshwa. Bitewe ni ingorabahizi, ikiguzi cyo gukodesha (niba igikomere ari kirekire kuruta ibisanzwe), kandi birashoboka ko bitagaruka, bamwe bahitamo kugura ibicuruzwa aho.

## Reba
Humanity&Inclusion/HI

Humanity&Inclusion/HI ni umuryango mpuzamahanga wita ku bafite ubumuga.

## Ubusobanuro

* **Humanity** ni indangagaciro zisobanura **Ubumuntu** bugaragarira mubwitange buranga ibikorwa byawo, kubasha kwishyira mumwanya wabagenerwabikorwa, kubaba hafi cyane, no guha buri wese icyubahiro cye.
* **Inclusion** ni intego nyamukuru isobanura **kudaheza** mu guha umwanya abafite ubumuga muri gahunda zose z'ubuzima, ndetse n'abandi bose bari mu byiciro bitandukanye by'abanyantege nke n'iby'abafite izindi mbogamizi zibangamira imibereho yabo, usanga kenshi batitaweho bihagije.    

**Amashakiro**
Cadence Biomedical

## SOSIYETE IKORA IBIKORESHO BY'UBUVUZI
**Cadence Biomedical** ni sosiyete ikora ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi itanga ibicuruzwa bya orthotic kugirango bifashe abantu bafite ubumuga bukomeye bwo kugenda. Ni  Isosiyete iherereye i Seattle, Washington kandi yashinzwe mu mwaka wa 2007 ku izina rya Empowering Engineering Technologies. 

## Ibicuruzwa
Muri Kanama mu mwaka 2012, Cadence Biomedical yasohoye ibicuruzwa byayo byambere, Kickstart Walking System . Kickstart nigikoresho gishobora kwambarwa, cyangwa orthose, iha abakoresha ituze nubushobozi bwo kugenda wigenga.Ni Igikoresho kigamije kunoza umuvuduko kubantu bagira mubwonko, cyangwa kubantu bafite ibikomere by'ubwonko nko guhungabana k'umugongo, gukomereka cg guhungabana k'ubwonko, sclerose nyinshi cyangwa dystrofi y'imitsi . Yashizweho kugira ngo itange ubufasha bwo kugenda no gutuza kubantu bafite ikibazo cyo kugenda, cyane cyane iyo bafite ikibazo cyo kuzamura ivi, gufata amano mugihe uteye intambwe, kubura kwihangana, cyangwa ibibazo bijyanye no guhuza, kuringaniza, cyangwa gutuza.   

Icyogikoresho ntigikoresha imbaraga zo hanze cyangwa bateri kugira ngo gitange ubufasha,  ariko gikora kimwe na robot exoskeletons kuko ifasha gutera amaguru imbere kandi ikongerera imbaraga zihari. Ibicuruzwa byasohotse mu mwaka wa 2012 kandi biboneka binyuze muri orthotiste muri Amerika.

## Amashakiro

## Ihuza ryo hanze
Patient lift

A patient lift ( **kuzamura abarwayi**, **kuzamura jack**, cyangwa **kuzamura Hoyer** ) birashobora kuba **umutwaro wa shitingi** cyangwa **kuzamura kwicara** . Iki nigikoresho gifasha abarwayi mu bitaro n’ingo zita ku bageze mu za bukuru ndetse abantu bakira ubuvuzi  mu rugo kwimurirwa hagati y'igitanda n'intebe cyangwa ahandi hameze nkaho baruhukira, hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi cyangwa imbarga za hydraulic. Sling lift ikoreshwa kubarwayi bafite umuvuduko muke . Kuzamura ibinyabiziga ni mobile (cyangwa hasi) kuzamura cyangwa kuzamura hejuru (igisenge- cyangwa urukuta, cyangwa ukoresheje inzira yo hejuru).  

Kuzamura umugozi bifite ibyiza byinshi. Kigira ngo abarwayi baremereye bimurirwe mu buryo butagoye, bikanagabanya umunaniro ku bafasha mu kwita ku barwayi,Igabanya kandi amahirwe yo gukomeretsa amagufwa yo guterura abarwayi. 

Ubundi bwoko bwo kuzamura shitingi, bwitwa kuzamura igisenge, burashobora gushyirwaho burundu hejuru yinzu kugirango ubike umwanya. 

Amakosa akoresheje guterura abarwayi arashobora gukomeretsa bikomeye, kandi ibikomere bimwe byatewe no gukoresha nabi cyangwa imikorere mibi ya lift ya shitingi byatumye habaho imanza zimbonezamubano.
RAFA

RAFA ni Ishyirahamwe Nyarwanda ry’Umupira w’Amaguru w’Abafite Ubumuga. Iri shyirahamwe kandi ni rimwe mu mashyirahamwe ya ruhago ku Isi ari guteza imbere uwo mukino mu bafite ubumuga ndetse wanabiherewe igihembo mu mwaka ushize wa 2022.

## Amateka
Ishyirahamwe rya RAFA ryashinzwe mu 2015,  ariko nyuma y’imyaka ine gusa(2019) ikipe y’Igihugu ya Amputee Football ihita yegukana igikombe cy’irushanwa rihuza ibihugu byo muri Afurika y’i Burasirazuba n’iyo Hagati [Cecafa] ryari ryabereye muri Tanzania. Ifite amakipe arindwi y’abagabo mu gihe amakipe ane y’abagore yatangiye gukina shampiyona mu mwaka wa 2023.   

Ishyirahamwe rya RAFA rigizwe n'abanyamuryango 26.

**Reba**
Miss&Mister Deaf International

Amarushanwa y'ubwiza azwi nka Miss&Mister Deaf International ni amarushwanwa mpuzamahanga ahuza abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva, agahuza abantu baturutse mubihugu bigiye bitandukanye baturutse kumigabane yose y'isi. 

**Reba**
Kigali Deaf Art Gallery

Kigali Deaf Art Gallery ni itsinda ry'abanyabugeni bafite ubumuga bwo kutumva no kutavuga bihurije hamwe bakora ibihangano bitandukanye harimo imitako n'ibindi.   

## Imiterere
Ikigo Kigali Deaf Art Gallery cyashinzwe na Nahimana Prince, giteza imbere impano z'urubyiruko mu bijyanye no gushushanya, yagishinze nyuma yo gusoza amasomo ye ya kaminuza mu bijyanye n'ubugeni muri Uganda. 

**Reba**
Juru Initiative

Juru Initiative ni umuryango utari uwa Leta washinzwe kugira ngo ufashe abana bafite ubumuga mu rwego  rwo kubafasha kubaka ejo hazaza no kubaha icyizere cy'ubuzima binyuze mumpano zabo.  

## Imitere
Umuryango wa Juru Initiative washinzwe  n'abanyeshuri bigaga muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda ishami rya Rwamagana ukaba uhagarariwe na Ruhumuriza Justin.  Ukora ibikorwa birimo gukora ubuvugizi ku bibazo by'abana n'urubyiruko bafite ubumuga. 

**Reba**
Umuryango wa ROPDB

ROPDB( Rwanda Organization of Persons with Deafblindness) ni umuryango w'abantu bafite ubumuga bukomatanyije bwo kutumva no kutabona mu Rwanda washwyizweho muri 2018.

## Intego
Umuryango wa ROPDB ufite intego zo gufasha, kurinda no guteza imbere abafite ubumuga bukomatanyije bwo kutumva no kutabona, kubafasha kwishyira hamwe no guharanira uburenganzira bwabo, kwiteza imbere muri rusange no gufashanya gusohoka mu bwigunge.

## Ibikorwa
Ibikorwa ubu ni ukwigisha abantu bafite ubumuga ku buryo bajya bavugana n'abandi kuburyo buboroheye hakoreshejwe amarenga yo mubiganza, kugerageza kumenyekanisha ururimi, kuko bifasha abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona ntibanavuge guhanahana amakuru hagati yabo ndetse n'abagize umuryango mugari. 

## Ubushakashatsi
Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko abatuye Isi 0.2 - 2% bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona.

Muri 2018, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n'Umuryango Death Reach bwagaragaje ko mu bantu 167 bafite ubumuga, nta n'umwe wakandagiye mu ishuri.

Ni ubushakashatsi bwakorewe m'Uturere 3 two mu Rwanda.

Kugeza ubu,abafite ubu bumuga bukomatanyije mu Rwanda basaga ibihumbi 3000 ariko abanyamuryango ba ROPDB n’abantu 167. 

**Reba**
Stephan Farffler

Stephan Farffler (1633 - 24 Ukwakira 1689), rimwe na rimwe ryiswe Stephan Farfler, yari umudage w’umudage wo mu kinyejana cya cumi na karindwi wavumbuye imodoka ya manumotive mu 1655 afatwa nk’intebe ya mbere yimuga y’ibimuga. Igikoresho gifite ibiziga bitatu nacyo ngo cyabaye intangiriro yamagare yamagare niki gihe.

Farffler, wahoze ari paraplegic   cyangwa waciwe,  na we yakoze igikoresho cyo guhindura ikirahuri cy'isaha mu gihe gisanzwe kandi yongeraho chimes ku munara w'isaha wa Altdorf bei Nürnberg . 

umudage WiKi agira ati: yaba paraplegic biturutse ku mpanuka iyo afite imyaka itatu;  abandi bamusobanurira ko ari umuntu ufite amaguru yamugaye  („verkrüppelten“ - bishobora no gusobanura ko byahinduwe nabi cyangwa bidafite imikorere kandi ibyo bishobora, kubabareba, kuba ibisobanuro nyabyo mugihe nkuko byavuzwe, impanuka yabereye akiri muto cyane imyaka ishobora guhungabanya imikurire isanzwe yingingo zanduye)

## Reba kandi

* Urutonde rwa moteri

## Reba
Ihuriro ry’abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona mu Rwanda-RUB

RUB (Rwanda Union of the Blind)  ni Ihuriro Nyarwanda ry'Ubumwe bw'Abatabona. Iki kigo giherereye i Masaka mu karere ka Kicukiro. 

## Ibindi
Uyu muryango washinzwe  muri Kanama 1994, kandi wavuga ko wabaye igisubizo ku bantu bafite Ubumuga nk’uko bigaragazwa n’Umubare munini w’Abafite ubumunga bwo kutabona batandukanye. 

## Intego
Intego z’Uyu muryango harimo guharanira ko Abatabona bagira uburenganzira busesuye kandi mu ngeri zose ndetse no kubakorera Ubuvugizi hagamijwe kugira umuryango udaheza ndetse n’ubufatanye mu iterambere ry’ imibereho yabo. 

### Reba
Handcycle

## AMAPIKIPIKI YABABANA N'UBUMUGA

**Amapikipiki** ni ubwoko bw'imodoka y'ubutaka ikoreshwa n'abantu ikoreshwa n'amaboko kuruta amaguru, nko ku igare . Amapikipiki menshi ni nkipikipiki mu buryo bwamapine abiri, hamwe n'inziga ebyiri zinyuma zinyanja hamwe ninziga imwe ikoreshwa imbere. Nubwo mubisanzwe bifite ibiziga bitatu, bizwi kandi nka *moto* .

## Amateka

Stephan Farffler yari umukoresha wa Nuremberg wo mu kinyejana cya cumi na karindwi wahimbye imodoka ya manumotive mu mwaka 1655 rifatwa nk’igare rya mbere ryikaraga. Bavuga ko yaba yaramugaye   cyangwa yaciwe .  Igikoresho cy'ibiziga bitatu bivugwa ko cyabanjirije igare yamapine atatu ni ry'amagare yiki gihe. 

Nyuma udushya twashushanyijeho amapikipiki twaterwaga no gukenera gutanga ubwikorezi ku basirikare bakomeretse mu gihe cy’intambara yo muri Amerika, hanyuma, nyuma y’Intambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose . Mugihe ubwikorezi bwa Farffler bwagaragaye nko k'Umuntu ukora amasaha, hagati y'ikinyejana cya cumi n'icyenda ibishushanyo mbonera byari gukorwa nabakora inganda z'amagare nka sosiyete ya Singer Cycle ya Coventry . Intambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose irangiye, amapikipiki y'icyuma akoresha imashini zifite urunigi byabaye byinshi kugira ngo bifashe abasirikari babuze amaguru. 

Mugihe amapikipiki yagiye yiyongera mubyamamare no kuboneka, ibikenerwa byinshi byabakoresha byatumye bakora amapikipiki mashya ku bishushanyo mbonera.  Inganda zinzobere nka Freedom Concepts (ifite ipikipiki ya STRAE Sport yita kubangavu ndetse nabakuze bafite ibikomere by'umugongo )  na Theraplay Mobility Cycles (bashushanya inzinguzingo kubana barwaye spina bifida  itsinda ryihariye ry'abamugaye bamugaye. Amapikipiki yo mu rwego rwo hejuru yo kwiruka nayo yakozwe kugirango ahuze ibikenewe naba para-cycling .

## Ibisobanuro
Inganda nyinshi zashizeho kandi zirekura imbaraga z'intoki zisubirwamo, cyangwa amapikipiki. Amapikipiki ni ibintu bisanzwe kuri HPV bihura kandi bitangiye kugaragara k'umuhanda. Mubisanzwe bakurikiza igishushanyo cya delta hamwe n'iziga ry'imbere ritwarwa n'ibikoresho bisanzwe bya derailleur bikoreshwa n'intoki . Amashanyarazi ya feri mubisanzwe ashyirwa ku maboko asanzwe ashyirwa mu bice, bitandukanye na pedal pedal, ubusanzwe iba 180 ° itarangiye. Ibi bituma uyigenderaho yoroherezwa mu gukoresha umubiri wabo kugira ngo afashe kuzenguruka. Iteraniro ryose hamwe n'inziga y'imbere irahindukira hamwe, bigatuma uyigenderaho ayobora kandi akanyerera icyarimwe.

Ibishushanyo bimwe bikoresha ibiziga bibiri byimbere hamwe ninziga imwe yinyuma, mugihe ibindi bikoresha ibishushanyo mbonera.

Igare ry'abafite ubumuga ry'ipikipiki ifite igikonjo n'ibikoresho, mugihe igare ry'abamugaye rifite gusunika mu ruziga nyamukuru.  

## Amashakiro
Hobcart

## IGIKORESHO CYIFASHISHWA MUNGENDO
**Hobcart** ni ubwoko bwibikoresho byifashishwaga mungendo byakozwe mu mpera za 1960 na Dr. Steven Perry wo muri Albrighton, Shropshire, mu Bwongereza . 

## Amavu n'amavuko
Muganga Steven yari afite abana babiri bato, bombi bakaba bari barwaye spina bifida . Yatekereje ko amagare y'abafite ubumuga abana bahawe agomba kubatandukanya n’abandi bana bo mu kigero cyabo, bityo atangira gukora igikoresho kigendanwa gisa n’ikarita . Igisubizo cyanyuma cyari hobcart, yakorewe kuri borstal yaho igihe yakozwe bwa mbere.

Igitekerezo kwari ukugerageza guha abagororwa bo muri borstal amahirwe yo kwitabira umushinga bashoboraga kubona ko ukora ibyiza. Hobcarts yari ikiri gukorwa mu myaka ya za 1980.

## Reba kandi

* Invacar
* Ikinyabiziga kigendanwa
* Igikinisho

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* https://books.google.rw/books?id=dLD0AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA93&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
* https://web.archive.org/web/20140814122211/http://www.macearchive.org/Archive/Title/atv-today-06121971-hand-operated-hobcarts/MediaEntry/16728.html
Bridge plate (mechanism)

**Ikiraro cy'abafite ubumuga**, n'uburyo bw'ubukanishi, bwimukanwa bw'abafite ubumuga bikoreshwa mu modoka zimwe na zimwe za gari ya moshi zoroheje (LRVs) kugira ngo hatangwe intebe y’abafite ubumuga . Icyapa cy'ikiraro kiva ku kinyabiziga kigera kuri platifomu, kigomba kuzamurwa kugira ngo kigere hafi y'urwego rw'ikinyabiziga kugira ngo igare ry'abafite ubumuga ridakenera kunyura hejuru y’urugendo rurerure cyane muri Amerika, itegeko ry’Abanyamerika bafite ubumuga rivuga ko ahahanamye hatagomba kurenza santimetero 1 zo kuzamuka kuri buri santimetero 12 z'uburebure. Bisi zimwe zo hasi nazo zikoresha ibyapa byikiraro muriki gihe, bigera k'umuhanda kugira ngo zitange intebe y’abafite ubumuga, ariko bisi nyinshi zo hasi aho gukoresha igitereko gisanzwe gikora nk'igice ariko gishobora gusohorwa n'umuryango ukoresheje bimwe byo k'umuryango k'umuhanda, muri iki gihe igiharaye ku mbuga ni kirekire bihagije ku buryo gishobora kuba nk'igare ry'abafite ubumuga byukuri aho kuba ikiraro kitaremereye cyane.

Ibyapa by'ikiraro bishobora koherezwa n'intoki n'ushinzwe gutwara ibinyabiziga cyangwa undi muntu w'abakozi cyangwa imbaraga, zishobora gukururwa.  Imodoka za mbere zitwara abagenzi muri Amerika ya Ruguru zashyizwemo ibyapa by’ikiraro zishobora gukururwa ni TriMet ( Portland, Oregon ) Siemens SD660 LRVs,  iyambere ikaba yararangiye mu mwaka 1996.  Mbere, mu mwaka 1987, sisitemu ya Gari ya moshi ya Sacramento RT yafunguwe yakoresheje ibyuma bidafite ingufu, sitasiyo yubatswe na plaque ikiraro kugira ngo icyuho kiri hagati y’igice kinini kuri buri sitasiyo no hasi ya LRV. 

## Icyapa gikoreshwa n'intoki
 
Kuri gariyamoshi zimwe na zimwe mu bighugu by'u Bufaransa no mu Bwongereza, ntibishoboka ko umuntu ashobora kugera ku rwego ruhoraho kuva kuri pulatifomu kugera muri gari ya moshi zigiye zitandukanye niba ubwoko bwa gari ya moshi zinyura cyangwa zikorera kuri sitasiyo. Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, sitasiyo ishobora kugira umwe cyangwa benshi bakoreshwa nk’abakozi binjira cyangwa bava ku kibuga, kugira ngo bakoreshwe iyo umukoresha w’abafite ubumuga yuriye gari ya moshi. 

## Ikiraro cy'abafite ubumuga hejuru y'inzira

Ibyapa byinshi binini by'ikiraro, bizenguruka inzira, bikoreshwa mu kwinjira mu gihe inzira i ruhande rwa pulatifomu ifunze, cyane cyane ku kubungabunga. Ishobora guteza akaga, kubera ko igice cy'umuhanda kigomba kuvanwa muri serivisi na gari ya moshi igahinduka kugira ngo birinde kugongana. 

## Reba kandi

* Umuyoboro wuzuye
* Kuzamura intebe
* Intebe y’abafite ubumuga

## Reba
Mitra Personal mover

## MITRA PERSONAL MOVER
**The Mitra personal mover:** n'igikoresho cyo gukoresha bateri cyo m'ubuhinde . Ikinyabiziga gifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara umuntu umwe kandi kigamije kuba ingirakamaro cyane cyane muri koridoro yikibuga cy’indege, by’ibigo ndetse no mu nyubako zidasanzwe nk'ibitaro aho hasabwa urusaku rukeya. Iyi modoka ifite moteri yimpanga kandi ikora m'uburyo budasanzwe bwo kuyobora imashini yakozwe nabashakashatsi Rishabh Sinha na Subhav Sinha.

## Amateka
Subhav Sinha, umwe mu bahimbyi, yatoranijwe nka 'Nyampinga mpuzamahanga w’ibihe' mu mwaka wa 2010, gahunda ikorwa n’inama y’Ubwongereza .  Ibyaremwe byavuzwe na CII (Ihuriro ry’inganda zo mu Buhinde) mu *kinyamakuru cy’ubucuruzi buciriritse n’inganda* nka "Mitra yerekana inzira yo guhanga udushya".  *Ikinyamakuru The Economic Times* cyerekanye imurikagurisha ryabo muri Auto Expo hamwe n’ingingo 'Umuntu wimuka' ikurura amaso kuri Auto Expo '  Ikinyamakuru *ba rwiyemezamirimo bo mu Buhinde* cyanagaragaje Mitra mu gice cyacyo cyo gutangiza mu kiganiro' Mobility Get Personal '.  Techpedia, umuyoboro wimishinga y'ikoranabuhanga ry'abanyeshuri, gahunda ya SRISTI (Sosiyete ishinzwe ubushakashatsi na Initiative for Sustainable Technologies and Institution) yerekanye iyi modoka kurutonde rw'imishinga yayo yo hejuru.  Iyi modoka yatwikiriwe n’abayobozi bayobora buri munsi nka *The Hindu*,  na *Deccan Chronicle* . 

Mitra yakoreshejwe mu imikino mpuzamahanga ya Commonwealth mu mwaka wa 2010 yabereye i New Delhi . Yagaragaye kandi mu imurikagurisha ry’igihugu CII- I3, ryateguwe ku bufatanye na CII, Agilent Technologies na DST mu Ishami ry'ubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga. Mitra yerekanwe mu imurikagurisha kunshuro ya 10 ryabereye ahitwa i Pragati Maidan i New Delhi, mu gihugu cy'uBuhinde.  

## Igishushanyo
Rishabh Sinha na Subhav nibo bateje imbere Mitra. Ikinyabiziga kiringaniye kandi gifite imyanya yo guhagarara no kwicara k'Umuntu umwe. Guhuza ibiziga byihariye biha ikinyabiziga imbaraga zidasanzwe mu gucunga hagati ya rukuruzi, kandi ikabuza Umuntu kugwa mu gihe yihuta, feri cyangwa mu gihe gikomeye. Kuba bateri ikoreshwa, iyi modoka yangiza ibidukikije,   kuko idasohora imyanda yose kandi ikoresha ingufu nke ugereranije n'ibinyabiziga bya peteroli na mazutu bihari.

## Amashakiro
Canta (imodoka)

**Canta** ni imodoka ifite intebe ebyiri zikorerwa  m' ubuholandi zakozwe byumwihariko, ariko nanone ntizagenewe gusa abashoferi bamugaye .  Yakozwe muri 1995 na Waaijenberg afatanije na kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga ya Delft . Usibye imashini isanzwe ikoreshwa na peteroli, Canta y'amashanyarazi yagenewe isoko ry'ubudage kandi ubu iraboneka igurishwa ku masoko. Mu Buholandi, yashyizwe mu rwego mobility aid kuko ubugari bwiki kinyabiziga gifite metero 1,10 gusa,  itandukanye nimodoka nini - ishobora gukoreshwa mu mihanda mito kimwe no k'umuhanda no kunyura k'umaguru; wongeyeho kandi uruhushya rwo gutwara ibinyabiziga ntirusabwa.  

Buri Canta ikozwe hamwe no guhuza n'imihindagurikire isabwa y'umukiriya, nko kumenya kugenzura no guhinduranya ibumoso cyangwa iburyo, cyangwa byose ku kinyabiziga. Intebe zifite intera nini yo guhinduka kandi ishobora kwihuta kugirango yorohereze kwinjira no gusohoka. Aho kugira icyicaro cyumushoferi, icyitegererezo cyakozwe kugirango uyikoresha ufite ubumuga abashe kwinjira mu murongo w'inyuma hanyuma atware mugihe yicaye.   Inyuma y'ikinyabiziga kimanurwa hasi iyo gihagaze kandi kikazamurwa mu buryo bworoshye iyo moteri itangiye.  

## ''De Canta danst!''
kandi De Canta danst ni tereviziyo ikorana na Viewpoint Productions na NTR ku bufatanye na Ballet y’Ubuholandi yerekana korewografiya yerekana microcar.  Ni igice cya *ballet ya Het Nationale Canta*,  nayo ikaba ari igikorwa cy'umukinnyi wamafirime umuyobozi Maartje Nevejan . Yakozwe na korewografiya na Ernst Meisner wo muri Ballet y'igihugu yu Buholandi, hamwe n'umuziki wanditswe n'uwahimbye ariwe Robin Rimbaud . Umushinga watewe inkunga na Stichting Doen n'Ikigega SNS NYAKURI. Ibitaramo byabaye ku ya 28 Kamena 2012 ahitwa Westergasfabriek. 

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Official website
Intebe z'ifashishwa n'abafite ubumuga

**Lift Chairs** ( mu ikinyarwanda: i**ntebe zo kuzamura)**, zizwi kandi nka **lift recliners** cyangwa **riser armchairs**, ni intebe zoroshye guterura kandi zifite imbaraga zisunika hejuru aho ziri bityo igafasha uyikoresha mu buryo bworoshye.

Muri Reta zunzubumwe za Amerika, intebe zo guterura zujuje ibisabwa n'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi biramba bikoreshwa buri gihe mubuvuzi

## Amateka
Muri raporo yo muri Gashyantare 1989 yashyizwe ahagaragara n’Umugenzuzi Mukuru w’ishami ry’ubuzima muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika, byagaragaye ko: intebe zo kuzamura zidashobora kuba zujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa na Medicare ku bikoresho by’ubuvuzi biramba (DME) kandi ibyifuzo byo kuzamura intebe bigomba kongera kugenzurwa.   Raporo yatewe inkunga no kwiyongera kw'intebe zo kuzamura intebe hagati ya 1984 na 1985 ziva ku 200.000 zikagera ku 700.000. Ikinyamakuru *[[:en:New_York_Times|New York Times]]* cyavuze ko amatangazo yamamaza kuri televiziyo yatumaga abakiriya babaza ibyerekeye intebe zo kuzamura kandi, abaguzi bamaze guhamagara, bohererezwa urupapuro kugira ngo abaganga babo basinyire. Ibigo bimwe byohereza intebe zo kuzamura mbere yo kubona umukono wa muganga; kubwibyo, guhatira abaganga gusinya cyangwa bitabaye ibyo umurwayi wabo azahatirwa kwishyura intebe. 

Medicare irashobora kwishyura gusa ikiguzi cya lift-mehan aho kuba intebe yose. Mbere yuko Medicare ishobora gutekerezwaho kugirango yishyure ikiguzi, abarwayi bazakenera gusurwa na muganga wabo kugirango baganire kubikenewe muri ibi bikoresho. Utanga DME noneho azasaba urupapuro rwerekana icyemezo cyubuvuzi (CMN). Ubusanzwe CMN ikubiyemo ibibazo bitanu umuganga agomba gusubiza.

Mubisanzwe, ibibazo ni

(1) Ese umurwayi afite arthrite ikabije,

(2) Ese umurwayi afite uburwayi bw'imitsi,

(3) Ese umurwayi ntashobora guhaguruka ku ntebe isanzwe murugo rwabo,

(4) Ese umurwayi ashobora kugenda amaze guhagarara, kandi

(5) Ese izindi ngamba zose zo kuvura zafashwe? Niba hari ikibazo cyashubijwe "OYA", birashobora gutuma uhakana ikirego.

Intebe zo hejuru zirashobora kandi kuza hamwe numubare winyongera wongeyeho na addons. Harimo ubushyuhe na massage, umusego wumutwe ushobora guhindurwa, guhindagurika kwinyuma, kugarura bateri, hamwe nigitambara cyiza cyane.

## Reba

* Urutonde rwintebe
* Intebe ya Massage     
* Imfashanyo yimuka
* Recliner 

## Indanganturo
Cars for wheelchair users

[cars for wheelchair users] ni utu modoka dukoresha nabafite ubumuga.

Urutonde rw'imodoka ntoya rwakozwe nabazikora batandukanye kuva muri 1950, rwashyizweho by'umwihariko kugendeshwa n'umuyobozi w'ikinyabiziga ufite ubumuga, bitabaye ngombwa ko uyikoresha yimuka mu bamugaye. Ibi bibatandukanya nu bwinshi bw'imodoka zahujwe, zagenewe gutwarwa ku ntebe isanzwe y'umushoferi, yaba umushoferi usazwe ari muzima yaba uwamuga. aho bashobora guhafata nk'icyiciro cy'abamuga ariko bigerwaho, arikio bigizwe ahanini nu buryo rusange bwo gutwara ikinyabiziga.

## Amateka
Abakora imodoka bimeze nk'igare ry’abafite ubumuga barimo  AC cars yo mu Bwongereza,  Fend mu Budage bw’Iburengerazuba,  Simson DUO mu Budage bw’Uburasirazuba,  SMZ muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti na Velorex muri Cekosolovakiya .  

Mu Bwongereza mu myaka ya za 1960 na 1970, Invacar yari imodoka ihendutse, idafite ibikoresho bike yagenewe cyane cyane ababana n'ubumuga bw'umubiri. Ibinyabiziga bitangwa n’ikigo cy’igihugu cy’ubuzima byari bifite ibiziga bitatu kandi byari byoroshye cyane kubitwara, bityo rero kuba bikwiranye n’imihanda hagati y’indi mihanda akenshi wasangaga bidashidikanywaho ku mpamvu z'umutekano.  Iheruka yakuwe mu muhanda mu 2003, hashize imyaka 27, nubwo bamwe bakiriho mubayikoze. Urugero rwo mu 1976, imwe muziheruka yakozwe, yerekanwe mu nzu ndangamurage y’igihugu cya Hampshire . 

## Uburyo bwo gukora vuba
Moderi nyinshi kurubu  gukorwa:

## Reba kandi

* Ikinyabiziga kigendanwa
* Intebe yimuga yabamugaye

## Reba
Chairiot solo

## IGARE RYABAFITE UBUMUGA

**Chairiot solo** ni igare ry'abafiyte ubumuga rishobora no kugerwaho ryakozwe na Chairiot Mobility Inc. Nimwe mu ma modoka ya Cars for wheelchair users  yabigenewe gukora ako kazi, kandi ntabwo zihinduka. 

## Ibisobanuro

Introduced in 2014, it is a single-occupant, electric car that allows a disabled person in a wheelchair to roll into the vehicle using a rear hatch and ramp, and secure their wheelchair at the driving position. The Chairiot solo is intended for urban driving, not freeway use, and meets the US DOT's Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards as a low-speed or neighborhood electric vehicle (NEV) under FMVSS 571.500. It allows drivers in wheelchairs to operate the vehicle without leaving their wheelchairs, and is believed to be the first vehicle of its kind to go on-sale in the US market.

## Ibiyiranga
Chairiot solo ntabwo ihinduka, yateguwe kuva yatangira gukorwa, nu wamugaye wakoreshaga igare ry'abafite ubumuga. Ni Ikinyabiziga cyinjiye mu muryango munini wibinyabiziga; igorofa yo hasi irinda intebe y'uyitwaye ari mu modoka. Igenzurwa na ruline ifite imeze nk'ipikipiki, hamwe na amburiyaje, ndetse na feri yo guhagarara.  

## Impamyabumenyi
Chairiot solo yemejwe n’ikigo gishinzwe umutungo w’ikirere cya Californiya (CARB) nk’imodoka zizewe .  Ishyirahamwe ry’abacuruzi b’ibikoresho by’imodoka (NMEDA) ryatangaje ko muri Werurwe 2015 ko Chairiot solo yatsinze gahunda yayo yo gusuzuma ibinyabiziga (CRP); niyo modoka ya mbere yihuta cyane, igare ry’abafite ubumuga ku isi ryemejwe n’ubuyobozi bwigenga kugira ngo ryubahirize ibipimo ngenderwaho by’umutekano w’ibinyabiziga muri Amerika (FMVSS) 571.500. 

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Official site
Crutch

## INKONI IKORESHWA NABAFITE UBUMUGA

**crutch** cyangwa **Inkoni** ni mobility aid ihererekanya uburemere kuva ku maguru kugeza ku mubiri wo hejuru. Bikunze gukoreshwa n'abantu badashobora gukoresha amaguru kugirango bashyigikire ibiro byabo, kubwi mpamvu ziva kumvune zigihe gito, kugeza k'ubumuga bw'ubuzima bwabo bwose.

## Amateka
Inkoni zakoreshwaga muri Misiri ya kera .   Muri 1917, Emile Schlick yatangiye kuzicuruzi; hari igishushanyo cyari kigizwe n'inkoni zigendeshwa hamwe. Nyuma, AR Lofstrand Jr. yakoze inkoni yambere ifite uburebure bushobora guhinduka wenda ukayizinga. gusa igishushanyo mbonera nticyahindutse cyane. 

## Ubwoko

## Reba
E4U (vehicle)

**E4U** ni imodoka ikoreshwa mu muhanda usazwe, aho yakozwe na Hyundai . 

## Igikorwa
Igenda ku murongo w'imbere hamwe n'imbaraga ebyiri zinyuma n'izimbere y'imodoka ku mapine. Kugenda bigenzurwa na pedali y'ibirenge, bigenda biyobora imbere . Iza kandi ifite igitambaro gikora nk'igisenge mu modoka. 

## Reba
Intebe ya Massage

Intebe ya massage ni intebe yagenewe massage. Irashobora kwerekeza kubintu bibiri byibicuruzwa. Intebe za massage gakondo zituma umuvuzi wa massage ashobora kubona byoroshye umutwe, ibitugu, ninyuma yuwakiriye massage, mugihe intebe za massage za robo zikoresha viboteri na moteri kugirango bitange massage.  

## Amateka
Intebe ya mbere ya massage yateguwe mu 1954 na Nobuo Fujimoto i Osaka, mu Buyapani. Yakoze verisiyo zitandukanye zintebe kuva mubikoresho bishaje mbere yuko anyurwa nintebe.

## Ubwoko

### Gakondo
Intebe ya Massage yo kwicaraho (Mu icyongereza: Chair Massage) ni ntebe igendanwa ya ergonomique. Intebe ya Massage yibanda kumutwe, ijosi, ibitugu, umugongo, amaguru n'amaboko. Abavuzi bakoresha Massage barashobora gutanga massage kurubuga ahantu henshi kubera ubushobozi bw'intebe ya massage, kandi abakiriya ntibakenera kwanga kugirango bakire massage yintebe. Bitewe nibi bintu byombi, massage yintebe ikorwa muburyo nkibiro byubucuruzi, ibirori byo gushimira abakozi, kwerekana ubucuruzi, inama, hamwe nibindi bigo.

## Imashini
Intebe ya massage ya robot irimo moteri ya elegitoroniki yimbere hamwe nibikoresho bigenewe gukanda massage uyicaye. Intebe nyinshi za massage za robot zifite uburyo bwo kugenzura kugirango uhindure ubwoko, ahantu, cyangwa ubukana bwa massage. Intebe ya mbere ya massage yamashanyarazi yavumbuwe mubuyapani mbere yintambara ya kabiri yisi yose.

Intebe za massage akenshi zisa na recliners. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi nibirango bitandukanye, harimo intebe yuburyo bwa biro ikora kuva muri bateri y'imbere. Ihitamo ridahenze ni massage itandukanye ishobora gukoreshwa nintebe ihari.

Ibyiza by'intebe ya massage harimo kuruhuka cyane, kugabanya umuvuduko w'amaraso, kugabanya umuvuduko w'amaraso, no kongera metabolisme.

Intebe za Massage zagenewe kwigana intoki zumuvuzi wa massage. Bakoresha uruvange rwa massage hamwe nisakoshi yo mu kirere kugirango bakore massage ibice bitandukanye byumubiri.

Intebe za massage za robo zazanywe ku isoko bwa mbere mu 1954 na sosiyete ya Family Fujiryoki. Muri iki gihe, Ubuyapani nabwo bukoresha cyane intebe za massage hamwe n’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bwerekana ko ingo zirenga 20% z’Abayapani zifite intebe ya massage.

Intebe za Massage ziratandukanye cyane kubiciro, imiterere nuburemere, kuva ku ntebe zihenze "vibrate gusa" kugeza kuntebe yuzuye ya Shiatsu.

## Reba

* Back pain
* Massage table
* Shiatsu

## Indanganturo
Honda UNI-CUB

## HONDA UNI CUB

**Honda UNI-CUB** ni igitekerezo cya 2 ya axisi yo-kuringaniza Ibiro bw'umuntu ku giti cye kugirango abashe gukora nko mu nzu idafite inzitizi,yaje kwerekanwa bwa mbere  muri Osaka Motor Show muri 2013.

## Amateka
Ishobora gumusimburwa na Honda U3-X 2009, nayo yerekanwe muri Osaka Motor Show muri 2013.   

## Igishushanyo n'imikorere
Igenzura kandi  ikaringaniza ibiro, uburyo busa nubwa Segway PT ikoresha, igice kiringaniza rwose kandi gishobora gukoresha mu kugenda haba mubyerekezo byose uyifite yifuza . 

Hano ifite amapine abiri, ibiziga binini byo kuyitwara bigenda mu cyerekezo cyerekeza imbere, hamwe na moteri ikurikira kuri dogere 90. Byombi amapine y'imodoka hamwe nuyobora, ariko byose byubatswe nisiga ntoya zimeze nk'umubumbe' utuma uruziga rwimuka rukanjya kuruhande. Iyo ugiye imbere ipine rinini ruba rufite ingufu kandi uruziga ruto ruzunguruka kugirango rwirinde gukurura ikinyabiziga cyose.  

Honda ifite ibipimo binga gupya 510 x 315 x 620 mm by'uburemere nuburemere bwa 25 kg, UNI-CUB ikoreshwa na batiri ya lithium-ion kandi ifite nayo 6 km / h by'umuvuduko wo hejuru na 6 km. Uburebure bw'intebe ni 620 mm, mu gihe ibirenge byateganijwe gukuba kabiri . 

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* UNI-CUB amashusho namakuru
* YouTube
* Ishusho
* Amateka nububiko bwa prototypes
* Ibisobanuro birambuye bya sisitemu yo gukurura
* Amashusho yindirimbo "Sinzagutererana" ya OK Go, aho abahanzi bakoresheje UniCub

## Reba
Hoople (mobility aid)

## UBWOKO BW'INKONI IKORESHWA NABAFITE UBUMUGA
Hoople ni ubwoko bw'inkoni ikoreshwa n'abantu bamwe bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona kandi bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona neza, yakozwe kugirango ibafashe kugendagenda munzira mbi cyangwa mubidukikije kuko ibarangira ikibi bagezeho. N'inkoni yera, ariko yagenewe gukoreshwa mubihe aho gukoresha inkoni yera bishobora kugorana, urugero, mu rubura cyangwa kumusenyi. Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa nabana bato nkimfashanyo ibanziriza inkoni cyangwa nabantu barwaye rubagimpande nizindi ndwara zubuvuzi byatuma gukoresha inkoni gakondo bigorana. Hoople yagenewe gutahura inzitizi, nka pisitori y'injangwe, binyuze mubitekerezo byubaka ndetse n'amajwi. Kuberako Hoople yimuwe kubutaka aho kwimurwa kuruhande rumwe nkinkoni, uyikoresha arashobora kandi gutahura ibitonyanga intambwe ebyiri imbere, icyuho kigufi cyangwa inzitizi nkizo zishobora kuba inzitizi kumpande zombi zinzira.  Hoople yahimbwe mu ntangiriro ya za 90 na Clive Ellis na Tony Larkin, abarimu babiri muri Royal National College for Blind i Hanoford, mu Bwongereza.

Hoople yakozwe kugirango itondekane hamwe nubunini butanu butandukanye.

## Ishakiro
Guide horse

**Guide horse** n' ifarashi iyobora abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona, ni ubundi buryo bwo kugenda ku bantu bafite iki kibazo badashaka cyangwa badashobora gukoresha imbwa iyobora.

## Amateka
Igitekerezo cy'ifarashi iyobora impumyi cyatangiye mu 1943 niba atari kare, filime The Blocked Trail yo muri uwo mwaka ifite ifarashi ya dwarf iyobora umucukuzi w'impumyi. Burlesons nubwo isa nkaho ifite icyifuzo cyifuzo gifatika cyo gukoresha ifarashi ntoya nkinyamanswa ya serivisi kubatabona cyangwa batabona igice. Mu 1998, ubwo yari mu ifarashi mu mujyi wa New York, Janet na Don Burleson w'i Kittrell, muri Leta ya Carolina y'Amajyaruguru, babonye uburyo amafarashi yabo yashoboye kwiyumvamo wenyine igihe yambukaga umuhanda. Janet yibukije kureba uwagenderaga impumyi ahatanira kwerekana amafarashi aho "umugore yahaye icyerekezo ifarashi, kandi byamujyanye ku mbogamizi n'andi mafarashi yo mu ishuri. Byamuyoboraga kandi ni ikintu ntari narigeze nibagirwa. " Yibajije niba ifarashi ntoya ishobora gutozwa nk'inyamaswa iyobora impumyi. Janet yari amaze imyaka 30 atoza amafarasi yerekana abarabu kandi yari amenyereye imyitwarire iboneye. Ariko uburambe bwe mumijyi bwahinduye uko yabonaga imyitwarire yerekanwe nimwe mumafarasi yabo mato mato, "Twinkie", mumurima wabo basubira murugo. Inyamaswa yakunze gukurikira Burlesons nkimbwa, ikagenda inyuma ya minivani yabo. Duhereye kuri ubwo bunararibonye, ​​batangiye gutoza amafarashi mato kugirango babone amafarashi y'amaso.

Abahuguwe ba mbere ni Twinkie. Kuva icyo gihe, Burlesons yateguye gahunda ihamye yo gutoza amafarashi mato yari ameze nk'ay'imbwa iyobora, yongeraho imyitozo ya gahunda yo gutesha agaciro, asa n'ay'amafarashi yakoreshejwe mu kurwanya imvururu. Habayeho gusubira inyuma; ubwambere bajyanye ifarashi ntoya mububiko bw'ibiribwa, ifata akabari ka Snickers ku gipangu. Icyari kigamijwe kwari ugutoza ayo mafarashi mato kugirango yuzuze ibisabwa byose kugirango abe inyamaswa iyobora impumyi.

## Inganturo
Guide dog

**Imbwa ziyobora (mu [[icyongereza]]: Guide dog** (colloquially known in the US as seeing-eye dogs ) 

Nimbwa zifasha gutozwa kuyobora abantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona cyangwa ubumuga bwo kutabona hafi yinzitizi. Nubwo imbwa zishobora gutozwa gukemura inzitizi zitandukanye, ni ibara ry'umutuku-icyatsi kibisi kandi ntirishobora gusobanura ibyapa byo kumuhanda. Umuntu akora kuyobora, ashingiye kubuhanga yakuye mumahugurwa yabanjirije kugenda. Umukoresha ashobora kugereranywa nuyobora indege, ugomba kumenya kuva ahantu hamwe akajya ahandi, kandi imbwa ni umuderevu, ubagerayo amahoro. Mu bihugu byinshi biyobora imbwa, hamwe nizindi serivisi nyinshi n’imbwa zumva, zisonewe amategeko abuza ko habaho inyamaswa ahantu nka resitora no gutwara abantu.

## Indanganturo
Abafite ubumuga bwuruhu rwera

## UBUMUGA BW'URUHU

#### Abafite ubumuga bw'uruhu muRwanda barashimira ko abanyarwanda bamaze kujyera kurwego rushimishije rw'imyumvire, aho batacyibaha akato  nk'uko byahoze ,ahubwo bamaze kumenya ko abafite ubumuga bw'uruhu rwera, na bo ari abantunk'abandi bashoboye.

Barashijyira kumibereho myiza bafitanye n'abaturanyi babo ndetse nabo bakorana

mubigo bijyiye binyuranye, nyuma yuko batajyiye kubaha akato,kugeza nubwo 

bababonaga bakabahungu bakanabatoteza bavugako arabantu badasanzwe

mujyihe arabanyarwanda nkabandi.https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-bw-uruhu-rwera-bishimira-ko-batagihabwa-akato

#### Rwanda albinism network
Umuryango wabafite ubumuga bw'uruhu ugamije ubukangura mbaga mubantu

mukwigisha abaturage ku mibereho yabafite ubumuga bw'uruhu rwera.

Ni umuryango washinzwe mu mwaka 2008 ku gitekerezo cy'Umupadiri Gatolika 

witwa Twambazimana Bonaventure aho yawushijyiye  i nkumba mu karere ka

Burera aho yakorera ubutumwa, utangira witwa Association Amizero, ubu

ukaba witwa Rwanda Albinism Network  [RAN].https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-bw-uruhu-rwera-bishimira-ko-batagihabwa-akato

###### INKOMOKO

# https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-bw-uruhu-rwera-bishimira-ko-batagihabwa-akato

2.https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-bw-uruhu-rwera-       bishimira-ko-batagihabwa-akato
Abafite ubumuga babayeho gute

## IMIBEREHO Y'ABAFITE UBUMUGA

### Abafite ubumuga babayeho gute  munzwgo zitandukanye zubuzima

### ndetse no mubandi baturage.

Mu bwongereza habereye Inama mpuza mahanga y'abafite ubumuga irangira

ibihugu bitandukanye ku isi bishyizeho  ingamba zigamije kurengera abafite

ibibazo  bitandukanye by'ingingo. https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-babayeho-bate-mu-nzego-zitandukanye-z-ubuzima

Intego nyamukuru ziyi nama yaruguhindura  ubuzima 

bwabaffite ubumuga hibanda kuhakigaragara kutubahiriza uburenganzira

bwabo, gushishikariza imiryango itandukanye guhra kandi bagashyiraho ingamba  

zinjyanye nagahunda za loni zirengera abafite ubumuga.https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-babayeho-bate-mu-nzego-zitandukanye-z-ubuzima

### Mu buvuzi hakozwe iki
Ndayisaba yavuze ko nyuma yo kumenya umubare wabafite ubumuga, habayeho

nokumenya ibyiciro byabo  nutanga ubufasha ajyire aho ahera afasha.https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-babayeho-bate-mu-nzego-zitandukanye-z-ubuzima

Yavuzeko hahise  hatangwa amakarita yabafite ubumuga. kugeza ubu ikibazo kigihari nuko 

insimbura ngingo batarazemera ariko twaganiriye na Minisiteli zibishanzwe kandi bemerako mu

mwaka utaha nazo bazazishyiramo.https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-babayeho-bate-mu-nzego-zitandukanye-z-ubuzima

### Inkomoko
1.https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-babayeho-bate-mu-nzego-zitandukanye-z-ubuzima

2.https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-babayeho-bate-mu-nzego-zitandukanye-z-ubuzima

3.https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-babayeho-bate-mu-nzego-zitandukanye-z-ubuzima

4.https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-babayeho-bate-mu-nzego-zitandukanye-z-ubuzima
Muburezi hakozwe iki kubafite ubumuga

## UBUREZI KUBAFITE UBUMUGA

### Ndayisaba avugako ubu abafite ubumuga basigaye biga .

Ati simvuzeko bose basigaye biga  ariko harinambwe imaze guterwa , ubu

ugiye mumashuri  y'inshuke usangamo abafite ubumuga ndetse no muyisumbuye ,

tujyezeho abafite ubumuga batabonye buruse  ubu twumvikanye nikigo gishinzwe 

amashuri makuru .https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-babayeho-bate-mu-nzego-zitandukanye-z-ubuzima   HEC  kuburyo dukora urutonde rwabafite ubumuga 

tukarwoherezayo ikabaha buruse bakajya kwiga namafaranga batanze .https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-babayeho-bate-mu-nzego-zitandukanye-z-ubuzima

Ubu ngo turimo kuganira aba bantu bacu bahabwe buruse bajye kwiga hanze

bagaruke baza kwita kubafite ubumuga.https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-babayeho-bate-mu-nzego-zitandukanye-z-ubuzima yavuzeko ubu abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva

no kuvuga  turimo gutegura inkoranyamagambo yururimi rw'amarenga, turashakako

tujyira inkoranya magambo ishingiye kumuco wacu, kuba rwakemerwa 

yewe ndetse kubutyo ruzajya rujya rwijyisha nomumashuri.https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-babayeho-bate-mu-nzego-zitandukanye-z-ubuzima

#### INKOMOKO
1.https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-babayeho-bate-mu-nzego-zitandukanye-z-ubuzima

2.https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-babayeho-bate-mu-nzego-zitandukanye-z-ubuzima

3.https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-babayeho-bate-mu-nzego-zitandukanye-z-ubuzima

4.https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-babayeho-bate-mu-nzego-zitandukanye-z-ubuzima
Kwiyubaka kubafite ubumuga

## KWIYUBAKA KUBAFITE UBUMUGA

### Abafite ubumuga aho bajyeze biyubaka nubushobozi nu ububasha basigaye bafite mundi baturage ndetse n'ijambo muri leta muri rusange. Samaza Chantal atuye mukarere ka Gasabo mu Murenge Wa kacyiru aho aho akora umwuga wogutunganya imisatsi.

Nubwo afite ubumuga bwingingo yanze kwicara ngo asabirize yakuye amaboko

mumifuka yihangira umurimo  wogukora imisatsi.https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-babayeho-bate-mu-nzego-zitandukanye-z-ubuzima Yahise ahuza bagenzibe bafite ubumuga

kujyirango bishakemo ibisubizo, ati kumugara nibivuze kwicara kumuhanda ngo usabirize

iyufite mumutwe hazima uratecereza ugashaka icyukora ukiteza imbere, ubu twishyize hamwe 

iyushatse ugurizwa 100,000Rwf ukaba wakunguka 10,000rwf burikwizi , umwaka iyurajyiye dufata 

kuriyanyungu tukagabana kubutyo burinyungu ijyera kuri burimunyamuryango.https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-babayeho-bate-mu-nzego-zitandukanye-z-ubuzima

Avugako leta ibafasha umunsi kumunsi, gusa akavugako bafashwa kugira aho bakorera 

kujyirango bajye babona inkunga ibaha igishoro .

ati  ikindi leta ikwiye kudufasha nkabagore bafite ubumuga  , ni uko twafashwa kubona imidugudu

kuko abenshi usanga batishoboye  kandi bafite abana ,badufashije kubona aho tuba twateza imbere kuko duhora twirukanwa munzu abandi.https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-babayeho-bate-mu-nzego-zitandukanye-z-ubuzima..

Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa wa NUDOR Jean Damascene Nsengiyumva  avugako hari

bimwe bigomba gukorwa ngo abafite ubumuga koko ngobafashwe. https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-babayeho-bate-mu-nzego-zitandukanye-z-ubuzima

### ishakiro

# https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-babayeho-bate-mu-nzego-zitandukanye-z-ubuzima

2.https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-babayeho-bate-mu- nzego-zitandukanye-z-ubuzima

3.https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-babayeho-bate-mu-    nzego-zitandukanye-z-ubuzima