open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Uburyo bw'Ikoranabuhanga bukoreshwa mukubona amakuru y'Ubutaka.

Leta yu Rwanda yafashije abantu kuborohereza kubona amakuru y'Ubutaka ibashyiriraho uburyo bw'ikoranabuhanga bifashisha mukuyabonandaetse ina shyiraho uburyo bwo kubona icyangombwa cyubutaka binyuze bw'ikoranabuhanga. 

Ikigo Gishinzwe Imicungire n’Imikoreshereze y’Ubutaka mu Rwanda (RLMUA) cyashyizeho uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga rikoresha telefoni (*651# bukoresha umurongo wa MTN Rwanda gusa) butuma umuntu ashobora kumenya amakuru atandukanye arimo kumenya uwanditse ku butaka, ubuso bwabwo, icyo bwagenewe gukoreshwa, niba bufatiriye cyangwa se butaratanzweho ingwate;ukaba wa kurikirana ubutaka bwawe aho uri hose.  

## Imbogamizi
Hagaragayeko hari Imbogamizi kubaturajye bari hanze y'Igihugu kuko batabasha gukoresha uriya murongo washyizweho.

## Ibyiza birimo
Buri muntu wese, aho azaba ari hose, igihe icyo ari cyo cyose azaba afite interineti azajya abasha kumenya amakuru y’ubutaka runaka, ayo makuru akaza ameze neza nk’uko agaragara muri rejisitiri y’ubutaka yifashishwa mu gushyingura amakuru y’ubutaka mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga buzwi nka Land Administration Information System (LAIS).

## Indanganturo
Uruhushya rwo guhindura icyo Ubutaka bwagenewe

Ikigo gishinzwe imicungire n'imikoreshereze y'ubutaka(NLA) Kiratangaza ko guhindura icyo ubutaka bwagenewe byari bisanzwe bikorerwa kurwego rw'akarere gusa,Ubu bizajya bikorwa ari uko icyo cyigo kimaze kubisuzuma cyikabitangira uburenganzira.Izo mpinduka zibaye hagamijwe Kubahiriza igishushanyo mbonera gishya cy'imikoreshereze y'ubutaka bw'urwanda giherutse kwemezwa n'inama y'abaminisitiri cya 2020-2050, Kugirango hatazagira amakosa agaragaramo mu kugishyira mubikorwa.

Umuyobozi wicyo kigo, Mukamana Esperance, Avugako ikoranabuhanga ririmo gukoreshwa muricyo kigo rituma gucunga ubutaka byoroha bityo kubuhindura icyo bwagenewe kizajya kibanza kubisuzuma.

## Inyandiko isaba guhinduza ubutaka icyo bwagenewe
Hari inyandiko igaragara uko ushaka guhindurira ubutaka icyo byagenewe abigenza bigaragara muri fomu iri https://bpmis.gov.rw/asset_data/form_201251/files/element_74_6f941c07536c269f26c2283882e5cbb1-1008-scan0020(1).pdf  Iyi form iyo umaze kuyuzuza uyishyikiriza kurwego rubishinzwe bakabanza bakabisuza.

## Guhindura ubukode burambye bukaba inkondabutaka
Hari uburyo bugaragara kurubuga rw' Irembo hari na fomu igaragara kubifuza guhindura ubukode burambye  bukaba inkondabutaka izo fomu zigaragara aha hakurikira https://web.archive.org/web/20240709121846/https://www.lands.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=63489&token=47e89b75fa3027f70df09cae4fcf2229ac903687

## Ishakiro
Igishushanyo mbonera cyamusanze

Inama njyanama yakarere ka musanze  irizeza abaturage ko igishushanyo mbonera gishya yemeje kuwa gatanu tariki 25 kamena 2021 kizaca akajagari  mu miturire. igishushanyo mbonera gishya bemejeko ari icyumujyi wa musanze cyitezweho kuvugurura , gukosora no gusubiza bimwe mu bibazo rusange byakunze kugaragara  mu gishushanyo mbonera cyari gishinzwe gikoreshwa.https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/musanze-igishushanyo-mbonera-gishya-cyitezweho-guca-akajagari-mu-miturire

##### akamaro kigishushanyo mbonera
hari ibice bitari byemewe guturwamo , nyamara mubigaragara inyubako zarahasatiriye  hakaba haragenewe guterwa amashyamba ugasanga  ari ahantu hasanzwe hatuwe.https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/musanze-igishushanyo-mbonera-gishya-cyitezweho-guca-akajagari-mu-miturire ibyo byose twayiye tubigaragaza nkimbogamizi zibangamiye inyungu rusange zabaturage mugishushanyo mbonera gishya birakosorwa. https://www.lands.rw/updates/news-detail/igishushanyombonera-kivuguruye-cy-imikoreshereze-y-ubutaka-cyaremejwe

##### indanganturo
1.https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/musanze-igishushanyo-mbonera-gishya-cyitezweho-guca-akajagari-mu-miturire

2.https://www.lands.rw/updates/news-detail/igishushanyombonera-kivuguruye-cy-imikoreshereze-y-ubutaka-cyaremejwe
Abaturiye Pariki y'Akagera

**[[Pariki y'Akagera]]** iherereye mu turere twa Nyagatare, Kayonza na Gatsibo mu intara y'Iburasirazuba mu Rwanda. Iyi pariki ifite akamaro ku batuye mu inkengero zayo binyuze mu gutera inkunga imishanga itegurwa n'abaturiye iyi Pariki y’Akagera.

### Gusura Pariki
Abanyarwanda bakora ubukerarugendo kuri Pariki y'Akagera bagenda biyongera kuko ubu bageze kuri 53%, ariko ubuyobozi bw'iyi Pariki bugaragaza ko iyi mibare iri hasi ugereranyije nuko abanyamahanga bava mu bihugu bya kure bayisura.Uretse  gusura iyo pariki, abaturage baranasabwa kurushaho kubungabunga ibikorwa byayo kuko iyo bibungabunzwe neza inyungu zigera ku banyarwanda bose, by’umwihariko abayituriye. Abaturage bo mu mirenge ituriye pariki zo mu Rwanda bagenerwa 5% by’amafaranga akomoka ku ubukerarugendo bukorerwa imbere mu gihugu, agakoreshwa ibikorwa biri mu nyungu rusange zabo.

### Ubwiyongere bw'inyamaswa muri Pariki y'Akagera
Ubuyobozi bwa Pariki y'Igihugu y'Akagera bwatangaje ko inyamaswa muri iyi Pariki zimaze kwiyongera ku kigero cya 127% kuva mu myaka 13 ishize. Ibi ni umusaruro w'ingamba zitandukanye zashyizweho harimo no kuzanamo izindi nyamaswa, bikaba byarazamuye umubare w'intare zazanywemo ari icyenda mu 2015 ubu zikaba zariyongereye.

Mu nyigo iyi pariki yakorewe mu cyumweru cya mbere cya kanama ya 2022 n'iyu mwaka wa 2023, imibare y'ibanze yagaragaje ko umubare w'inyamaswa muri pariki y'Akagera wiyongereye ku kigero cya 127% uhereye muri 2020 ubwo ubwo hakorwaga indi nyigo yagaragaje jo harimo inyamaswa zitageze ku bihumbi bitanu(5000).

Inyamaswa zabaruwe mu duce tw'iyi parike zose hamwe ni 11338 harimo inzovu 142, imparage 1,153, ifumberi 782 n'imvumbu 1,820 n'andi moko atandukanye. Babaze kandi ibisamagwe 3 n'impyisi 3 ariko ubuyobozi bw'iyi pariki bukaba buvuga ko inyigo igikomeza kuko hagereranywa ko muri rusange harimo ingwe ziri hagati ya 60 na 80 ndetse n'impyisi ziri hagati ya 120 na 150.

Ubuyobozi bw'iyi parike buvuga ko izi nyamaswa zikomeza kwiyongera by'umwihariko izagiye zongerwamo zikuwe hanze y'u Rwanda ku bufatanye n'inzego zitandukanye. Urugero ni indi nyigo yakozwe n'Umuryango wita ku kurengera udusumbashyamba igaragaza ko muri Pariki y'Akagera twiyongereye tukaba 110 tuvuye ku 100 twariho mu mwaka wa 2022. utu dusumbashyamba twiyongereye twakomotse ku twari twazanywe muri iyi pariki dukuwe muri Kenya mu 1986.

### Inyungu iyi Pariki y'Akagera ifitiye abayituriye
Gutera imbere kw'iyi pariki, binajyana no kuzamura imibereho y'abayituriye binyuze mu gutera inkunga imishinga ifasha abaturage kuzamuka m'ubukungu. Abaturage bo mu turere dutatu dukikije Pariki y'Igihugu y'Akagera  ingengo y'imari yu mwaka wa 2023 hitezwe ko ku mafaranga azinjizwa n'ubukerarugendo bw'iyi pariki bazahabwaho arenga miliyoni 900 z'Amafaranga y'u Rwanda mu rwego rwo gushyigikira imishinga yatoranyijwe ibateza imbere.

Kuva mu 2005, Pariki y'Igihugu y'Akagera imaze gutanga miliyoni 3,500 z'Amadolari y'Amerika, ni ukuvuga arenga miliyari enye z'Amanyarwanda mu gutera inkunga imishinga irenga 200 ikorerwa hafi yayo harimo ijyanye n'ibikorwa remezo, ubuvumvu, uburobyi, ubuhinzi n'ibindi.

## Amashakiro:
Kwangirika kw‟amashyamba

## Kwangirika kwamashyamba
amashyamba yangizwa mu buryo butandukanye harimo abatema ibiti, hari abatwika amashyamba, ndetse nibindi. Aba bantu baba barimo kwangiza umwuka duhumeka ndetse nibyo bigabanya imvura igwa, iryo yangizwa ryamashyamba rituma duhura ningaruka nyinshi nko kurwara indwara zubuhumekero. 

## Akamaro kamashyamba

Amashyamba afite umumaro mwinshi mukuduha umwuka duhumeka, adufasha mugukurura imvura tukabasha kweza, buri wese afite uruhare mukurinda ko yakwangizwa kugirango buri wese ashobore kubona inyungu zizanwa namashyamba. Iyo tubungabunze amashyamba bituma atangirika.

## Ishakiro
Kwandikisha isangiramutungo ku butaka no gucamo ibice byihariwe

Mu Rwanda, gufatanya gutunga ibintu bitimukanwa bitanga inzira yuburyo abantu bafite uburenganzira bungana kumitungo, aho igice kimwe gisangiwe hamwe ikindi kikaba ari icye wenyine. Sisitemu ifasha abantu benshi gutunga ahantu hamwe, nko hasi, parikingi, nintambwe, mugihe bakomeza uburenganzira bwihariye kubice byabo bwite, nkamazu bwite cyangwa amazu. Mu kumenya neza no gutandukanya ibibanza bisangiwe n’abikorera ku giti cyabo, ba nyir'ubwite barashobora gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bunoze bwo gucunga no kuyobora kugira ngo bagenzure imikoreshereze n’imicungire y’umutungo. Ubu buryo bwa koperative buteganya ko ba nyir'ubwite bose bafite ijambo mu micungire y’uturere dusanganywe, biteza imbere abaturage n’inshingano basangiye

Mu rwego rw'amategeko agenga ubutaka mu Rwanda, umuntu ufite umugabane w'umutungo mu nyubako idashyizwemo agumana uburenganzira bwo kwimura nyirubwite. Ibi bivuze ko nubwo umutungo ufatanije, abantu barashobora kugurisha cyangwa kwimura ubundi buryo bwabo bwite badakeneye uruhushya rwabandi bafatanyabikorwa kubibanza byabo bwite. Ubu burenganzira bwo kwimura umutungo bufasha gukomeza guhinduka no kwigenga kubafite imitungo, ibemerera gufata ibyemezo bihuye nibibazo byabo bwite mugihe bikiri mubuzima bwa koperative. Uku kuringaniza umutungo bwite hamwe n’abikorera ku giti cyabo ni ingenzi cyane mu kubungabunga ubwisanzure bwa buri muntu n’ubwumvikane rusange mu mutungo uhuriweho n’u Rwanda, hakurikijwe amategeko agenga ubutaka n’umutungo w’igihugu.

## Urutonde rwintanganturo
Uruhare ry'Ubuhinzi mu kubungabunga ibinyabuzima

Amakimbirane ari hagati y'ubuhinzi no kubungabunga urusobe ry'ibinyabuzima,bitewe n'ibisabwa ndetse n'ibidukikije by'ubworozi. Harimo gukenera ibikomoka ku buhinzi bufite ireme kandi bifite agaciro,ndetse no gutanga serivisi z'ibidukikije n'inzira zigenda ziyongera. imipaka ijyaneye no kugabanya ubutaka,kenshi biganisha ku bitekerezo bivuguruzanya  

## Ingamba
Mugihe hashyizweho ingamba zimwe na zimwe kugirango hakemurwe amakimbirane nuko bashyiraho ingamba zo gushyira kw'isoko ubuhinzi ndetse n'ibinyabuzima bitandukanye bimwe na bimwe ndetse n'uburyo butari ubw'amafaranga ku bushake. ibyo bigomba gutekerezwa no kunozwa mu buhinzi bw'ejo hazaza aho ingaruka mbi y'amakimbirane aragabanuka.

## Amashakiro
Uburenganzira bw'Abantu baturiye ibishanga

Abaturage baturiye ibishanga barakangurirwa kugira uruhare mu kwita no kubungabunga ibishanga bakamenyako ari uburenganzira bwabo kutabyangiza mugihe bashaka gukuramo umucanga n'ibumba.

Abantu baturiye ibishanga bafite uburenganzira bwo kurinda no kwirinda kwangiza ibishanga kuko bifite akamaro kanini mu iterambere ry'igihugu. Ibishanga bibika amazi bikanayayungurura, bifite n'ubutaka buhingwaho...."

## Ingano y'ibishanga nubuso bwabyo mu Rwanda
Mu Rwanda habarurwa ibishanga bingana na 415, bingana na 10% bwubuso bw'igihugu.

muribi bishanga, 38 bihinzemo muburyo bwihariye naho ibindi bikoreshwa ibintu bitandukanye birimo ubuhindi n'ubukerarugendo.

= Ishakiro =
Kubungabunga ubutaka mu kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere

Gusana amshyambe ndetse n'imiterere  nyaburanga ni kimwe mu bifite amahirwe menshyi yo guhangana n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere. Mugihe isi irwanira kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'inshi ku isi, hai ingamba zishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye, kimwe murizo n'ugusana amashyamba hamwe n'ubutajka bwangiritse. 

## Ingamba

Uruhare ry'ingenzi mu gusana amashyamba ngetse n'ubutaka bw'angiritse ndetse n'ibidukikije mu bikorwa by'ikirere Leta irasaba ko hagomba kumenyekana cyane ubushobozi bwo gusana amashyamba n'ubutaka hagamijwe ku gabanywa no gufasha ikiremwamuntu mu guhangana n'ingararuka z'ihindagurikire ry'ikirere, Hifashishijwe ubushakashatsi bwakozwe. na raporo isobanura uburyo hagarura imikore n'umusaruro w'amashyamba yangiritse. itanga kandi inyungu nyinshi, Kuva kuganya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere kugeza kurinda urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima no kuzamura imibereho myiza y'abaturage

## Amashakiro
Uruhare rw'abaturage mugushyiraho igishushanyo mbonera

## Igishushanyo mbonera cy'imiturire

Uruhare rw'abaturage mu kwishyiriraho igishushanyo mbonera cy'imiturire mu Rwanda. igna kw'iterambere rirambye ihura n'iibazo bijyanye n'ubwiyongere bw'abaturage. biganisha ku bucucike bw'abaturage.mu gukemura ibibazo bijyanye n'imikoreshereze y'ubutaka y'ubutaka, ubwiyongere bw'abaturage n'iterambere leta y'u Rwanda na Guverinoma yatangiye gahunda yo gutegura gushyiraho urwego ruyobora imikoreshereze ikwiye y'ubutaka.

## Ingamba

Muri 2011 guverinoma na leta y'U Rwanda yemereye igihugu n'ababishinzwe bw'ambere bemeza igishushanyo mbonera (landUse) n'iterambere (NLUDMP) cyari kigamije imikoreshereze y'ubutaka bijyanye n'iterambere ry'igihugu,gahunda yo kuva 2011 kugeza 2020. Gahunda ivuguruye yemejwe mu 2021. Kugirango iteze ibikorwa byo gukoresha ubutaka mumyaka 30 irimbere. Gahunda y'iterambere n'ikwirakwizwa mu turere 19 hanze uturere 30 two mu Rwanda, twabaye n'umwanya wo gukora igenzura twageneye imijyi, imidugudu n'icyaro hamamijwe kugenzura niba bishoboka kandi bikwiranye n'uturere duhuye na politiki n'imiterere yaho, ibikenewe byabaturage hamwe nukuri kugaragara.

## Amashyakiro
Izungura

## Gukemura amakimbirane
Ibibaho kumitungo yawe iyo wapfuye biterwa nibice bitandukanye bigize gahunda y'umutungo wawe. Igenamigambi ry'umutungo rishobora kuba inzira igoye hamwe n'ibintu byinshi bigomba gusuzumwa no gudata ibyemezo. ibyobintu byose bihurira ku murongo umwe, uko umutungo wawe witwa. niba utazi uko umutungo wutwa kandi ushobora kunyura kubagenerwabikorwa hakoreshejwe amategeko, 

## Ingaruka ku igenamugambi ry'umutungo
Umutungo witiriwe ukurikije kimwe mubintu by'ingenzi: nyirubwite wenyine cyangwa titre ku bwamasezerano, Umutungo ushobora kwitwa gusa murimwe muri ubu buryo butatu, ariko buri wese ashobora gushiramo kimwe cyangwa by'inshyi bitandukanye. Gutanga wenyine bisobanura umutungo ufitwe n'umuntu umwe mwizina  ryabwo bwite kandi nta kwimurwa ku rupfu ingero zirimo konti za banki na konti zishoramari zifitwe mw'izina ry'umuntu ku giti cye nta "yishyuwe ku rupfu" cyangwa kwimura urupfu cyangwa kwiringira izina" Umutungo wizina ry'umuntu umwe muri "fee simple absolute" mu mitungo itimukamwa, bivuze ko nyirubwite afite igenzura ry'uzuye ry'umutungo nya mbogamizi. Umuntu ku giti cye afite 100% mwizina ryabo bwite hamwe na titre y'imuriwe undi muntu mugihe nyirayo yapfuye.

## Amashyakiro
Imikoreshereze y'ubutaka n'ubuhinzi

Urwego rw'ubuhinzi bwashyizwe imbere cyane muri gahunda ya guverinoma y'u RWANDA igamije iterambere ry'igihugu muri rusange. muri ikigihe ni uko umurenge uva mu mibereho ujya mu bucuruzi. mu mwaka wa 2020 ubuhinzi bwatanze 33 kw'ijana muri GDP mu gihe inganda zitunganya ibiva mu buhinzi havanywemo ikigererenyo kingana na 18 kw'ijana zikagera kandi kuri 28 kw'ijana bya GDP. Intego z'ingenzi zijyanye n'urwego rw'ubuhinzi zerekanye munyandiko. Umusaruro w'ibiribwa warabonetse bitewe no kwagura ibigori n'ubuhinzi bw'ingano.

## Imikoreshereze y'ubutaka

U Rwanda ni igihugu gito gifite ubuso bwa km 26,338. ubutaka bwose buhingwamo bungana na hegitari miliyoni 1.4 ni 52% by'ubuso bw'igihugu. Nyamara ubuso bwa nyabwo bwahinzwe bwarenze miliyoni 1.6 mu myaka yashize. iyindi miliyoni 0.47 iri mu rwuri ruhoraho, ku buryo hejuru ya 70 ku ijana by'ubutaka bwose bw'igihugu bukoreshwa mu buhinzi. Imikoreshyereze y'ubutaka ahanini iterwa n'impamvu nyinshi, izingenzi ni ikirere, imibereho myiza y'ubukungu na politiki ya Leta.

## Amashyakiro
Uburenganzira mukunyema amakuru n'imihindagurikire y'ubutaka

Guhindura imikoreshereze y'ubutaka ni inzira ikorwa n'abantu bihindura imiterere karemano. bivuga uburyo ubutaka bwakoreshejwe, Ubusanzwe bushimangira uruhare rw'ubutaka mu mubikorwa by'ubukungu. Ihinduka ry'imikoreshereze y'ubutaka akenshi ridafite umurongo kandi rishobora gukura ibisubizo kuri sisitemu. guhangayikisha   imibereho no kubangamira abantu bafite intege nke. Ntabwo rero inzira zimpinduka zikoreshwa gusa zikeneye isuzumabumenyi, Ariko nanone bishoboka ko ibihe bizaza bigomba gutegurwa bimwe a bimwe, Byombi gukirango habeho igihe kirambye.

## Intego

Intego n'ingamba yibanze yiki gice ni ugutanga isesengura ry'imihindagurikire y'imikoreshereze y'ubutaka mu kwerekana itandukaniro ry'igihe gito ry'imihindagurikire y'imikoreshereze y'ubutaka. mubiranga ISI n'ibikorwa by'ingenzi harimo umusaruro w'ubutaka, Urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima bitandukanye. Karuboni.Biogaze,Amazi,Amashanyarazi n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere. Tekinoroji ikoreshwa mukubona ubwoko butandukanye bw'ubutaka bwahindutse kuva muburyo bworoshye butandukanye bugenzurwa mu kumenya amakuru y'ubutaka bwawe.

## Amashakiro
Uko wahererekanya ubutaka

Ihererekanya ry'ubutaka nuburyo ushobora guha cyangwa se gutanga ubutaka bwari bukwanditseho ukabuha undi muntu. Ushobora kubumuha umugabiye cyange se mubuguze, mugihe habayeho ihererekanya ry'ubutaka mugana noteri ukorera muruwo murenge ubutaka buherereyemo cyangwa se noteri wigenga kugirango dosiye inozwe neza.

## Icyo usabwa kugirango ubutaka bube ubwawe
Iyo ugabye ubutaka cyangwa se ubugurishije ugomba kwita kuribi bikurikira;

1.Ugomba kuba ufite conte ya IremboGov

2.Ugabiwe cyangwa uguze agana umu ejenti wa Irembo umwegereye yitwaje indangamuntu y'umugabiye cg ugurishije ubutaka 

3.Usaba service agomba kuba afite irangamuntu cyangwa se passport abaye arumunyamahanga

4.Ugabye ubutaka cyangwa se abugurishije agomba kuba afite numero y'irangamuntu ihura neza na UPI

5.Ugabiwe cg Uguze agomba kuba afite imeli cyangwa numero ya telefone ikora neza cg byombi bikora neza

6.Ushobora kd kugana kuri https://irembo.gov.rw/home/citizen/all_services ukiyandikisha.

## Ishakiro
Kuhagira inda mu muco nyarwanda

## Inda

Urnugore  utwite inda mu muco nyarwanda, iyo ageze mu kwezi kwa munani, amarakulya atarajya kulyama, akuhagira inda; yiyuhagira yarangije imilimo yose, yapfundikiye inkono, ashigaje kujya kulyama gusa. Ashaka urweso rwo kujya ashyushyamo amazi yo kwuhagira inda, n’ahajya mu mugongo, no mu maso, kugira ngo urnwana atazavuka arangaye amazuru n’ibinwa bimeze nk’iby’inkoko, kandi ngo yavukana ibihu (ibintu bimuhumbika ku mubili hose, akaba umweru, agasa n’ingwa bigatuma anyerera; bagira ngo ni ibilyo nyina atamwuhagiye akimutwite).

## Ibindi
Umwana avukanye igihu, abagore babyaza baseka nyina, kandi uwo mwana baramwanga, ngo ateye iseseme, ngo aranyerera. Bajya kumukora bakabanza kumwuhagiza ivu balimutsilita cyane, nk’abahanagura inka bayikunyura.

## Amashakiro
Intwari mu muco Nyarwanda

## icyivugo cy'Intwari

***Ndi Inyanga-mugayo ku nkômeli***

***Sinzilikana kuzihana.***

***Mu Rusugi rwa Kigina***

***nimanye Rutuku***

***5. ab’iganizi bagira ngo simpava.***

***Remera ly’i Busakuli***

***Natumburukanye isuli***

***abâtwâra imisakurà bayindénza.***

***Gahânda kwa Gatokwe***

***10. natégetse abibisha ntàbatwâra.***

***Ku nyanja ya Mutegire***

***Narasanye ukwo Karinga ishaka.***

***Mbona mporana inguma***

***Ntibyambujije ishema:***

***15. Ndashoboye kaba intwali***

***mu Bushanga kwa Nyangoma***

***ab’âmashishabagishaka ingabô***

***sinasigana urugo ndùbanzamo***

***n’icumu lisa***

***20. Ndi akabira k’abatinyi:ba Bisangwa aba banyihishamo .***

## Amashakiro
Impigi mu muco

## Impigi

Abazimu ni impigi bita Indashikwa iva i Bushi. Abashi ngo bajya kuyica bambaye ubusa. Indashikwa ni uduti twinshi bataba tukamara gatatu mu kuzimu bakadutaburura. Kuwa kane bagatunga ku mulya w’inkima, bakajya bambara mu ijosi ngo ubyambaye ntaterwa n’abazimu, kandi ntabarota no kubarota.

## '''AGAHANZI'''
Abahanzi ukarwaye bamusuka imbilibiri mu mazuru yombi, ndetse akarabirana. Arakira ntazongere kunukira abandi (plutôt remède d’amulette).

**AMABOKO**. Iyo umuntu ahururwa mu maboko, bareba igufa ly’impereli bakalikoza ku gishilira, bagasiga ku maboko ngo: “Kuka, kuka”. Barangiza bakalimwambika ku kaboko, agakira.

## '''AMACINYA'''
Amacinya umuntu urwaye amacinya, bamushakira urura rw’ingwe, bakareba n’igikoba cyayo, bakabimwambika babanje kubimwuka babikojeje ku gishilira. Urura barukura mu ngwe, igishyushye imaze gupfa ako kanya. Urwo rura barwambara mu nda, cyangwa mu ijosi. Iyo bashatse kandi, bareba urura rw’ingwe, bagashyushya amazi bakarushyiramo, nuko urwaye amacinya akanywa ayo mazi, urura akarwambara mu nda.

## Amashakiro
ImIgenzo mu muco

## Imigenzo

Icyumwa cyo mu gasozi cyapfumuye umugina, bagikurana n’imizi bakayimarayo, ntihagire n’akababi kagwa hasi, bakabibaliza ku ntara; amabango bakayajugunya hejuru y’inzu, bakacyambara ku buhivu, bagakira. Amacinya avurwa kandi n’igufa ly’inkura. Urwaye amacinya, bareba umuzibaziba, bakawumukubita ku kibuno, bagahindukira bakawumanika ku nkumbi y’umuliro, nuko ngo amacinya akuma ako kanya.

## '''AMAKONYORA'''

Iyo umuntu arwaye amakonyora, bica intashya bakayica umutwe, bakawumanika, wamara kwuma, bakawutoboza uruhindu rushyushye; urwaye amakonyora akawambara ku ivi cyangwa ku kaguru. Abashatse bafata intashya nzima bagaca indasago aho umuntu arwaye amakonyora, amaraso bakayaha intashya, bakayirekura ikagenda, ikajyana na yo, umurwayi agakira. Igufa ly’agaca balihambira mu karere bakambara, amakonyora agakira. lgufa ly’urukwavu na lyo livura amakonyora; balyambara ku mavi bagakira. lgufa ly’umutwa balikoza ku gishilira, bakalyambara aho babonye hose, aliko babanje kulyiyuka, nuko bagakira amakonyera. N’igikoba cy’imbogo kivura amakonyora. Ikindi kivura amakonyora, ni igi ly’inkurakura, ngo balimenera mu museke, bakawutobora bakawambika umuntu urwaye amakonyora, uwo muntu agakira bidatinze. Amagufa y’inyaga avura amakonyora. Benda igufa ly’inyaga bakalyambika umuntu urwaye mu ngingo aho ikonyofa limubabaza hose, ngo agakira.

## Amashakiro
Amakuru k'ubutaka

Ikigo gishinzwe imicungire n'imikoreshereze y'ubutaka mu Rwanda(NLA 'National Land Autholity) cyashyizeho Uburyo buzwi nka Land Information Inquiry portal buboneka kurubuga https://landinformation.lands.rw/ muguteza imbere ikoranabuhanga kugirango bworohere abashaka kumenya amakuru ajyane n'ubutaka bakoresheje internet nakuba babona ibya ngombwa batarinze gutonda umurongo.

Kuwa 26 Ugushyingo 2020 nibwo ikigo gishinzwe imicungire n'imikoreshereze y'ubutaka cyatangajeko cyashyizeho uburyo bw'ikoranabuhanga bushyashya bwo kubona amakuru ajyanye n'ubutaka, Bufasha abantu aho bari hose ku isi bafite internet, Kumenya amakuru y'ubutaka aho ari hose igihe cyose babishakiye kandi bakabyikorera bwunganira ubwari busanzweho bukoresha telefone (*651#) Byari bimaze kugaragarako budafasha abantu benshi cyane cyane ababa hanze y'imbibi z'u Rwanda.bityo imikoreshereze y'ubutaka  ikarushaho kuba myiza ikan9teza igihugu imbere. 

## Amakuru n'ikoranabuhanga
Amakuru ukeneye k'ubutaka ushobora kuyabona wifashishije mudasobwa, tablet cyangwa telefone, Bikaba bisaba mbere na mbere kurwiyandikishaho kugirango ubashe kurukoresha.

Ushobora kuhasanga amakuru ajyane no kumenya aho ubutaka buherereye,(Intara,Akarere,Umurenge,Akagali n'umudugudu Wahasanga nanone amakuru ajyane ningano y'ubutaka ndetse na nyirabwo, Ushobora kuhasanga amakuru ajyane n'uburyo ubutaka butunzwemo ni ukuvuga niba ari amasezerano y'ubukode burambye cyangwa niba ari inkondabutaka.

## Ishakiro
Ibishanga bya Kigali: Kuringaniza Iterambere ry’imijyi no kubungabunga ibidukikije hagamijwe iterambere ryizaza

Igishushanyo mbonera cy’Umujyi wa Kigali, kigamije guhindura kigali umugi urambye mucyerekezo 2050. Muri kigali hagaragaye igabanuka  ry’ibice by’ibishanga biva kuri 14% muri 2013 bikagera kuri 10,6% kugeza ubu, bigaterwa ahanini n’ibikorwa by’abantu . Kugeza ubu, muri Kigali hari ibishanga 37 bifite hegitari 9.160, bifite agaciro ka miliyoni zirenga 74 z’amadolari y' Amerika. Uku kugabanuka gushimangira imbogamizi zigarara mu guhuza iterambere ry’imijyi no kubungabunga ibidukikije.

Kuva mu 2017, guverinoma y'u Rwanda yashyize ingufu mu kurinda urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima. Guverinoma yimuye Imiryango yari itute mubishanga, kandi bahagarika ibikorwa byangiza ibishanga, guverinoma yakuye ibkorwa bigera ku 7,222 byangizaga ibishanga kandi bimuye imiryango irenga 3,600. Nubwo hari ingamba zafashwe, gusa inzira iracyakomeje. Ibikorwa nk'ibi byo kubungabunga ibishanga ni ingenzi, ntabwo ari urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima gusa ahubwo bifasha no mukugabanya ingaruka z' imyuzure no guharanira ko urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima biramba mu gihe kirekire.

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Albertine Rift Conservation Society (ARCOS) bugaragaza inyungu zikomeye mu bukungu zo kubungabunga ibishanga bya Kigali. Mu kubungabunga no kuzamura utwo duce twibishanga, u Rwanda rushobora kwinjiza amadolari arenga miliyari 1.9 mu 2025. Uyu mushinga urimo amafaranga yinjiza buri mwaka arenga miliyoni 155 z'amadolari y’Amerika. Mu gihugu hose, u Rwanda rufite ibishanga bigera ku 915, bingana na 10,6% by'ubutaka bwose, 38 muri byo bikaba byumye. Uyu muyoboro mugari w’ibishanga ushimangira ko hakenewe ingamba zihamye zo kubungabunga ibidukikije kugira ngo ubuzima bw’ibidukikije butere imbere ndetse n’ubukungu butere imbere.

## <u>Urutonde rw intanganturo</u>
Abakurambere

## Interuro

Kuva umuntu akiremwa, lmana yubatse urugo rw’abantu  babiri. lmana  yaremye umuntu  Imwishushanyirije.  lmana  irema  umugabo n’umugore.   Intagiriro *1.27:     *Imana ibaha  umugisha· maze irababwira it, Ni mubyare 

mwororoke». Gen.1. 28. Kuva icyo gihe, abantu  bashaka abandi,  barororo ka,  bakwira  mwisi   hose.  

Uwo murage w’lmana,  uwo mugisha w’lmana,  wakwiriye  mu bantu kw’isi hose. 

Amoko yose y’abantu,  barashyingirana, barabana, abagabo n’abagore.

Buri bwoko  bw’abantu  batuye  kw’isi,

bafite imihango yo kubaka, yo gushyingirana, bafite amategeko

bahimbye yerekana lgihugu  n’iki,            ·

Mu  Rwanda  rwacu,  natwe dufite  imihango  myiza,  

abakurambere   bacu bahi­mbye, bahanze ubwabo, barayubahiriza, kuva kera.

Nicyo cyatumye,  njya  kubaza, i yo  mihango  yacu, iyo migirire y’abasekuruza bacu twese.

Nabajije  benshi,  nasiganu je  benshi   mu   Rwanda,

kugira  ngo menye  Ubukwe bwacu mu Rwanda.

Nasanze Abanyarwanda,  abakurambere  bacu, bo mu moko yose, bo mu turere

twose  tw’u   Rwanda,  bafite  amategeko  bihi mbiye  ubwabo, abanyamahanga

batarabazanira iby’ubukwe bwabo.

Ayo  mategeko  ngenga-bukwe, bayahuriyeho bose.  

lngingo z’ingenzi  barazisa­ngiye bose, ntibanyuranya, basa n’ababyawe n’umubyeyi umwe, wabasigiye

lki gitabo gihiniyemo ingingo ngenga ·bukwe abanyarwanda bose bahuriyeho.

**lzo ngingo ni izi** :

* Kuranga umugeni cyangwa kurangira umuhungu.
* Gusaba umugeni cyangwa gusabira umuhungu.
* lnkwano batangaga hirya no hino mu Rwanda.
* Gutebutsa umugeni
* Kwitegura ubukwe Guherekeza umugeni.
* Kwakira umugeni kwa sebukwe.
* Kurongora: Umwishywa, imbazi cyangwa igikangaga.
* Kwakira umwishywa: Ababyeyi n’abageni.
* Imisango: Ubutumwa bahawe, barabusohoza, bagiyegutaha.

Abantu bambwiye ibyanditse mur’iki gitabo, i

byavuzwe mur’iki gitabo, byavu­ye  kuri enteri neti twashoboye gukora mu turere twose two mu Rwanda.

Twabajije muri perefegitura zose, dufata komine ebyiri cyangwa eshatu.

## Amashakiro
Umurage w'abanyarwanda

## Umurage

Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda twabusanze rwose mu muco wacu. Hose mubo abajije asanzbasangiye ingingo ngenga – bukwe. Ntabwo banyuranije mu mihango y mgenzi. Bose basa nababyawe · n’Umukurambere umwe, wabasigiye umurage. Bose basa nabanyuze mw’ishuli limwe rya Kanyarwanda. Uturuke mu karere aka n’aka, uzasanga bavuga rumwe, bahuliye kur’uwo muhango w’ubukwe bw’abanyarwanda Imilyango yose, mu moko yose, mu turere twose, bahuje uwo (Umuhango twakwita ltegeko-Nshinga ry’abakurambere bacu.

Nejerejwe no kugeza ku ba and!mwe b’abanyarwanda umuhango ukomeye wayoboye Abanyarwanda, bubak1ra mgo ahana baho, mu bihe birebire. Kandi twas.anze bilimo ubwitonzi, ubwenge, ubujijuke n’icyubahiro umubano ubwum.vi­ k ne hagati_ y’imilyango y’abanyarwanda. Bose basangiye muhango ‘ubukwe; almu bak•ze cyangwa mu bakene, ali mu bwoko butuye mu Rwanda, ntabwo ali ugukabya, rwose ni ukuli.

## Ibindi
Hamwe banyuranije utuntu two mu karere kabo, aliko imihango nyayo y’ubukwe, hose bali bayisangiye, ndetse n’ubu ibikorwa bi­shingiye ku mihango ya karande y’abakurambere bacu. Muzasanga ubukwe bw’ubu bwaliganye rwose ubukwe bwa kera. Nguwo umusaruro w’abakurambere nguwo umurage w’abanyarwanda.

## Amashakiro
Imihango y'umugore utwite

## Imihango ku mugore utwite

Umugore utwite, akunda kurwara irekwe (gusinzira); yilinda gutambuka umugabo we, ngo iyo amutambutse„ na we aralirwara.Umugore utvvite, maze hakagira umutambuka akamurenga, iy’umugore akozwe n’inda yanze kuvuka, batumira uwamurenze, akaza kumurengura. Iyo atamurenguye, ngo ntabyara, ngo inda iramwica. Umugore utwite, iyo arenze imiseno, ngo akuramo inda. Umugore utwite ntajya iwabo ataligeze guca mu irembo, ngo akuramo inda. Umugore utwite yilinda kunywa inzoga ipfutse, ngo apfumuze umuheha icyo bayipfukishije; babanza gukuraho urupfuko akabona gusoma ku nzoga; ngo atabigize atyo inda yazamwica ikamupfukirana; kandi ngo atazabyara umwana upfutse, utazashobora kuvuga.Umugore utwite ntaseka ikimara, ngo na we atakibyara. Ikintu cyose cyabuze ubulyo, umugore utwite yilinda kugiseka, ngo aragiseka akazakibyara (ibara Iyacyo-cyangwa akabyara ikidashyitse) Umugore utwite ntaseka uwahetse inyonjo, ngo yabyara umwa na uyihetse.

## Ibindi
Umugore utwite, apfa kubona ikintu cy’imboneka limwe, nk’igali, imodoka, akagikoraho, akikora no ku nda, cyangwa akareba aho icyo kintu cyanyuze, akahakora agakora no ku nda ye, cyangwa akareba ikintu cyagikozeho, akakinyweraho amazi; cyangwa akareba uko acyambara. Iyo atabigenjeje atyo ngo abyara icyo kintu yabonye (ibara lyacyo. Umugore utwite, yilinda kureba aho imbwa yabwaguliye, kereka ibibwana bimaze guhumura; ngo atazabyara umwana uhumye. Umugore utwite, ntiyabona inzoka ngo aseke, iyo asetse, abyara umwana usohoroye urulimi nk’urw’inzoka. Azira no kwica inzoka, ngo yabyara umwana urabya indimi, kereka yambaye icyunulizwa cyayo. Umugore utwite, iyo agiye aho babaga, ntiyahava kereka bamuciliye inyama, batamuciliye ngo yakuramo inda.

## Amashakiro
Uburyo bwo kurinda ubutaka bwagenewe ubuhinzi

## Kurinda ubutaka bwagenewe ubuhinzi

Urwego rw'ubuhinzi rwashyizwe imbere cyane muri gahunda ya guverinoma n'iterambere mu Rwanda. Iterambere ry'igihugu muri ikigihe ni uko umurenge wimuka ukava mu mibereho uburyo bw'ubucuruzi,izi ngamba zigamije kongera amafaranga yo murugo bikanakura abantu mubukene byibuze 50% mumyaka makumyabiri. Umusanzu mukuzamuka k'ubukungu, kuvugurura ubuhinzi bifatwa nkimwe mu nkingi eshesheshetu z'icyerekezo 2025 hamwe no gucunga neza imikoreshereze y'ubutaka n'ibikorwa remezo (ROR 2000). Ubuhinzi nabwo buzwi neza muri EDPRS nkimwe mubikorwa remezo byihutirwa, Imirenge izamura ubukungu no gutanga umusanzu ukomeye mu kugabanya ubukene, izindi nzego ni ubuzima, uburezi no gufata neza umuhanda.

## Imbogamizi mu buhinzi

Ibibazo nyamukuru bishyira ingufu mubikorwa by'ubuhinzi harimo ubwinshi bwabaturage ku mutungo muto w'ubutaka. ibi byatumye habaho gucamo ibice no kugabanya ingano y'imirima noo gukomeza guhinga cyane ubutaka butagira isuri n'ibikorwa by'ubuhinzi muri rusange 

## Ikibazo cy'ubucukike
Ubucucike bukabije bw'abaturage bw'ongereye ikibazo cyo kubura ubutaka bwo guhingamo, Bituma ingano y'imirima igabanuka, Ibura ry'ubutaka bwo guhinga no kwemeza ibikorwa bw'ubuhinzi bw'imbitse hamwe no kugabanuka k'uburumburuke bw'ubutaka, nk'ibura ry'ubutaka, uduce tworoshye cyane, uduce twangiza ibidukikije cyane

## Amashakiro
Insubira z’inkwano

## Umuco

Insubira z’inkwano n’ukurongoranya, iyo wa muhungu amaze gushyingirwa, abana n’umugore we, Imana yabababalira bakabyara­na, n’inka yakowe nayo ikabyara, iyo nka iyo ibyaye kabili, ikabyara n’imbyaro ya gatatu, iyo nyana se w’umukobwa ayirongoranya umukwe we. Se w’umuhungu iyo amaze kubona ko iyo mbyaro ya gatatu ihage­ ze ajya inama n’umuhungu we n’umukazana we, bagashaka inzoga: Amarwa n’urwagwa, bakazikorera abantu. Se w’umuhungu we n’umukazana we bakabashorera, bakajyana kwa Se w’umukobwa.

Bamara kwakirwa, bateretse inzoga, bagasubira mu misango y’ubu­ kwe; uko basabanye, amahoro bagize muli uwo mubano, n’ibyago bagizemo. Hanyuma Se w’umuhungu agatangira avuga ati: «Nje kwaka indongoranyo»

Abayisabwa baba ali abantu bashyira mu gaciro bati: «Indongoranyo turayiguhaye».

Kuva kera bayitanganaga n’ikimasa n’igisabo n’injishi yacyo.

Naho iyo ali abantu b’abanyamahane bavugaga ko indongoranyo itaraboneka, kandi inka ibyaye gatatu.

Ubibwiwe atakwemera ku­ bilindira akajya kumurega mu bategetsi, mu muryango n’uko akayimuhera mu bategetsi.

* Iyo itanzwe :

Iyo indongoranyo itanzwe, na ya nka yakwowe igakomeza kworo­ roka, kandi abayaka n’abayakwa bakaramba, umukobwa asubira iwabo kwaka inka ya Gashyimbo, byatinda akazasubirayo kwaka iy’iteto. Niko byagendaga kera mu migilire y’ab $hyingira n’abashyingirwa.

* Iyo itatanzwe :

Iyo indongoranyo itatanzwe, haba urubanza rw’uwakoye, n’uko akayihabwa n’amategeko, kandi ni ngombwa kuyibona. Kereka iyo izo yakoye zalimbutse, ntihabe hakili n’imwe, iyo ntayo arekeraho.

## Amashakiro
Imihango Y’umugore Wagiye mu Mugongo

## Umugore

Umugore wagiye mu mugongo bwa mbere na mbere amaze kurongorwa, bavuga ko “yaboneye urugo. Ugiye mu mugongo bwa mbere amaze gupfusha umwana, bavuga ko arwaye amabi = (gukulira umwana no kumara akanapfu). Umukobwa iyo arwaye ubwa mbere na mbere, bamukoresha imihango myinshi, nko kumuha amata, ubuki; kumubwira akajya mu mulima w’ibihaza n’uw’intolyi. Mu minsi ikulikiraho (muli uko kwezi), iyo hagize ikiba (inka igakamwa amaraso, inzuzi zigacika, ibihaza bikaborera mu mulima yagiyemo), bati: afite umugongo mubi. Naho iyo ali ntakibaye, bati: afite umugongo mwiza.

Uwameze umugongo mubi ali umukobwa, arawugumana amaze no kurongorwa. Uwo lero yaba yarwaye, akazira inka (amata), akazira ubuki, ntabe yajya mu mulima w’ibihaza, kereka amaze gukira rwose.

Uwameze umugongo mwiza na we arawusazana, kandi we ntagire icyo azira.

Umugore wagiye mu mugongo bwa mbere amaze kurongorwa, ntanywa amata. Umugore anyoye amata muli icyo gihe, maze agatanga inka yanywereye amata kubyara, inka ntiba ikibyaye. Inka na yo iyo yamutanze kubyara, umugore akazipfira atabyaye.

Iyo umugore ageze mu rugo, bajya kubona bakabona inka ikamwe amaraso, cyangwa bacunda amata akanga kureta, cyangwa bakabona inka ipfuye gusa,nta kundi bagira ngo ni uwo mugore wanyoye amata yayo ali mu mugongo. Bikaba impamvu yo kumwanga, bakamwinuba.

## Ibindi
Abashaka kwitura inabi uwo mugore, bareba igihadiko bakagihadika inka babonye yose; inka ikakirarana, mu gitondo bakakijyana mu mugezi usuma, bakakijugunyamo bavuga ngo: Uko uwomugezi uhora usuma, ni ko uwanyiciye inka na we ahora asuma. Nuko uwo mugore ntagire ubwo akira yagiye mu mugongo.

Umugore wagiye mu mugongo, yilinda kugera aho begetse imizinga, iyo ahagiye inzuki ziramena, cyangwa imizingaikanga kwinjirwa, ikogorora; bakeka umugore wahaje ali mu mugongo. Bati: kereka tumwituye inabi. Bareba igiti cyitwa “madwedwe”, n’intoke y’ikibingo, bakabijugunya mu mugezi usuma; nuko uwo mugore ngo agahora mu mugongo, ntawukire. Ushatse na we yenda madwedwe yonyine, agatereramo uruvumbu, ngo bigatuma umugore ajya mu mugongo ntakire. Umugore wagiye mu mugongo (w’umugongo mubi), yilinda kunyura mu mulima w’itabi; ngo ibibabi birakobana; ntanyura no mu mulima w’inzuzi, ngo ntizera, ngo zera ziboza no gukobana zigakobana; ntanyura no mu mulima w’ibihaza n’uw’ibijumba, n’uwi’ibikoro n’uw’amateke, ngo birabora, no kubemba ngo birabemba. Umugore akabyilinda kereka yakize. Umugore amara kuva mu mugongo, akilinda kwiyuhagira ikiziba, iyo acyiyuhagiye ngo ntiyongera kujya mu mugongo ukundi, maze akazapfa atabyaye.

## Amashakiro
Akamaro k’amashyamba

## Akamaro k’Amashyamba

Amashyamba afitiye akamaro kanini cyane abatuye isi. Mu mashyamba habonekamo ubwoko bunyuranye bw’ibinyabuzima. Umumaro wayo nturondoreka; amashyamba ni intaho y’inyamaswa n’inyoni. Amashyamba atuma haboneka amadovize (amafaranga y’amahanga) atangwa na ba mukerarugendo. Amashyamba ayungurura umwuka duhumeka ndetse amababi y’ibimera yakira umwuka mubi dusohora noneho yo agatanga umwuka mwiza duhumeka.

Amashyamba arwanya isuri, atwikira ubutaka akaburinda imiyaga y’ishuheri, akanaburinda gutwarwa n’amazi y’imvura. Ahari imisozi ihanamye yambaye ubusa, iyo imvura iguye ikukumba ubutaka bwiza bwagahinzwe maze amazi akabwijyanira mu migezi, imigezi na yo ikabwijyanira mu mahanga tugahomba. Ahatari amashyamba iyo imvura iguye ari nyinshi inkangu ziracika rimwe na rimwe n’ubuzima bwa benshi bukahatikirira.

Iyo imvura iguye, igasanga ubutaka buteweho ibiti n’ibyatsi bihagije, ibitonyanga bigwa ku bibabi n’amashami bikagabanya umuvuduko n’ubukana. Amazi acengera mu butaka gahorogahoro agasomya ubutaka ariko ntibuhite butwarwa n’isuri.Imizi y’ibiti igira akamaro kanini cyane; ifata ubutaka ikaburinda gutembanwa n’isuri. Imizi y’ibiti yongerera ubutaka ubushobozi bwo gufata no kubika amazi akenewe bikaturinda ubutayu. Amazi ahunitswe mu mizi y’ibiti, ibidendezi ndetse n’ayatangiriwe n’ibimera, atuma amashyamba akomeza kubonekamo inzuzi n’imigezi. Haba no mu gihe gikakaye k’izuba, ahari amashyamba kimeza imigezi ntishobora gukama.

Abantu bakeneye amashyamba mu mirimo myinshi inyuranye; benshi bifashisha inkwi mu gihe cyo gutegura amafunguro, bakarara ku bitanda bikozwe mu biti n’ibindi... Icyakora umuriro w’amashanyarazi wunganira inkwi. Si ibyo gusa kuko n’inzu nyinshi usanga mu bizubatse higanjemo ibiti cyangwa ibibikomokaho. Ndetse uretse amagorofa ahambaye usanga afite ibisenge by’ibyuma, andi mazu menshi ibisenge biba byubakishijwe ibiti cyangwa imbaho. Hari n’abavuga ko inzu yubakishijwe ibiti iramba kurusha iyubakishijwe amatafari ya rukarakara.

Si ibyo gusa kandi kuko n’imitako ikozwe mu biti usanga iteye amabengeza. Hari ibiti byamamaye cyane kubera ugukomera kwabyo. Muri byo twavuga nk’imisave, ribuyu, muvura n’ibindi. Mu Rwanda hari amashyamba yinjiza amadovize kubera ba mukerarugendo. Twese nk’abitsamuye dusenyere umugozi umwe; tuyabungabunge aho kuyatutira kuko arimo gukendera kubera ibikorwa bya muntu. Yego turayakeneye, ariko tuyamazeho uyu munsi abadukomokaho bazaririra mu myotsi kandi iyi si tuyiriho kugira ngo tuzayisige irushijeho kuba nziza.

**SOURCE**
Ibyanya by’inyamaswa

## ''Ibyanya by’inyamaswa''
Icyanya ni ishyamba rigari ryateganyirijwe kubamo inyamaswa n’ibindi binyabuzima bitandukanye. Abatwawe n’indimi z’amahanga bamenyereye kubyita pariki. Mu gihugu cyacu hari ibyanya byagenewe kubungabunga ubuzima bw’inyamaswa n’ibindi binyabuzima. Ubu mu Rwanda habarurwa ibyanya by’inyamaswa bigari birenga bitatu. Hari n’aho abifite bagenda biyubakira imbuga nto bakororeramo zimwe mu nyamaswa z’inkazi nk’ingwe, inzoka n’izindi.

Mu byanya byamamaye mu Rwanda bikanahuruza imbaga y’abatuye isi, twavuga nk’icyanya cy’Akagera mu burasirazuba bw’u Rwanda. Icyanya cy’Akagera kibarizwa mu gace k’umukenke mu ntara y’iburasirazuba kikambuka kigafata intara y’Akagera mu gihugu cy’abaturanyi cya Tanzaniya. Habonekamo zimwe mu nyamaswa z’inkazi zitakiboneka henshi ku isi. Muri zo twavuga nk’intare n’ingwe, imbogo n’impongo, inzovu ndetse n’isatura. Hagaragaramo kandi nyamaswa nyinshi ziteye amabengeza nk’impara n’imparage, isha, inzobe, twiga n’izindi. Yewe ngo harimo n’impyisi mahuma n’imigana y’imbwebwe zahunze abantu.

Uwavuga iby’Akagera bwakwira bugacya; Akagera gafite umwihariko wo kugira ibiyaga byinshi bigaburirwa n’uruzi rw’Akagera. Rwambukiranya iyo pariki kuva mu magepfo kugera mu majyaruguru. Ibyo biyaga byabaye icumbi ry’imvubu n’ingona. Utembereye mu Kagera kandi, yibonera amasenga n’imyobo y’inyaga zitakiboneka henshi mu gihugu. Ntiwava mu Kagera utabonye umugana wa za ngurube z’ishyamba n’amashyo y’imbogo rwarikamavubi.

Abikundira amajwi y’inyamaswa n’ibindi bintu nyaburanga rero nababwira iki! Ubwo hari abatinya kumva intare yivuga cyangwa itontoma, hari ba mukerarugendo ahubwo bazanwa n’uwo mutontomo ukura abantu umutima ukanabuza inyoni kuririmba. Abagana icyanya cy’Akagera banezezwa n’utugezi dusuma cyangwa se iyo bwije impyisi zitangiye guhuma. Ngo harimo n’impongo zikorora!

Icyanya cy’Akagera kibangamiwe n’ubwiyongere bukabije bw’Abanyarwanda bagenda bashaka amasambu. Hari na ba rushimusi bahiga imvubu n’abashakisha amahembe y’inzovu. Ibyo byatumye Leta ifata ingamba zirimo ubukangurambaga buhoraho, aho abaturiye icyo cyanya bahora basobanurirwa akamaro kacyo. Umubare w’abashinzwe kurinda icyo cyanya na wo ugenda wiyongera kandi hanashyizweho ibihano bikarishye ku bakomeje ingeso mbi yo kwica no gushimuta inyamaswa. Mu gukomeza kubungabunga icyanya cy’Akagera, hubatswe urukuta rw’amashanyarazi rukizengurutse. Urwo rukuta rutuma inyamaswa zidatoroka ngo zonere abaturage baturiye Akagera.

Ibyo ariko ntibihagije. Buri muturarwanda wese akwiye kwiyumvisha ko ibyanya ari umutungo rusange. Ibyanya by’inyamaswa bifite akamaro kanini mu rwego rw’ubukungu kuko bikurura ba mukerarugendo. Usibye no kuba birimo ibiti bihembera umwuka tukabona imvura binaba intaho y’inyamaswa n’inyoni by’amoko anyuranye bifitiye runini abaturarwanda. Ntawe rero ugomba kwangiza uwo mutungo dukesha byinshi ngo arashaka inyungu ze ku giti ke.
Nutema kimwe uge utera bibiri

## ''Nutema kimwe uge utera bibiri''

Abanyafurika benshi bazi akamaro k’igiti. Tubona ibiti ahantu henshi kandi tunabikoresha mu mirimo itandukanye. Igiti ni ikimera kigira umugongo umeraho amashami n’amababi by’ingirakamaro cyane. Hari ibiti bimwe na bimwe bigira indabo zihumura neza, ibindi bikagira imbuto ziribwa. Habaho amoko menshi y’ibiti: ibigufi n’ibirebire, ibibyibushye n’ibyakonze kandi umumaro wabyo ntugira uko ungana.Nimwibaze nk’ubu umunsi umwe tubyutse tugasanga mu Rwanda hose nta giti na kimwe gihari! Byaba ari akaga gakomeye. Birumvikana ko nta biti byera imbuto byaba biriho, nta rubuto na rumwe rwazongera kuribwa. Abakunda imbuto ziribwa baba bagize ikibazo gikomeye cyane. Ipapayi yo yababaza abatari bake kubera ko benshi bayirahira ngo yabakijije impatwe, inzoka n’izindi ndwara.

Ahatari ibiti, ibyanya by’inyamaswa nk’Akagera, Nyungwe, pariki y’ibirunga ntibyahaboneka. Wa mwuka mwiza duhumeka waba ugiye nka Nyomberi. Imvura yajyaga itosa ubutaka, abantu bagahinga, ikiherera iyo. Inyamaswa ziba mu byanya zaba zibuze intaho, ba mukerarugendo babura iyo berekeza, mbese isi yaba ibaye imburabuturo!

Ibikorwa bya muntu bigira uruhare rukomeye mu kwangiza amashyamba. Umuntu ni we utema ibiti byo gucana, kubakisha, gukoramo ibikoresho bitandukanye ibindi akagurisha. Aratutira akabimaraho yirengagije ko n’ejo ari umunsi. Ntiyibuka gutera ibindi ngo bizamugoboke mu gihe kizaza. Umuntu ni we ucukura amabuye y’agaciro agatengura imisozi ubundi imvura yagwa inkangu zigacika. Ikindi gihangayikishije ni ubwiyongere bukabije bw’abatuye isi,bangiza ibidukikije bashaka aho gutura n’aho gushyira ibindi bikorwa byabo.

Ubu mu Rwanda hatangijwe gahunda n’ubukangurambaga mu kubungabunga igiti. Ndetse hagenwe itariki yiswe “umunsi w’igiti”. Kuri iyo tariki igiti kiramamazwa, hakaratwa umumaro wacyo maze rubanda rugashishikarizwa gutera ibiti ku bwinshi. Abanyarwanda barashishikarizwa gutera ibiti bivangwa n’imyaka mu murima. Intero kandi ni imwe ngo “Nutema kimwe uge utera bibiri”. Ubu ni bumwe mu buryo bw’ingenzi Leta y’u Rwanda yashyizeho ngo irusheho kubungabunga ibidukikije.
GUCUKURA AMABUYE Y'AGACIRO

### ubucukuzi bw’amabuye yagaciro ukorera mu mashami atatu mu Rwanda– ikirombe cya Rutongo , ikirombe cya Nyakabingo, n’ikirombe cya Musha. Harimo ibibanza bitatu byamabuye y’agaciro hamwe nibindi bitoya biherereye hafi y’ibibanza byambere.
Ahantu hose ducukura amabuye y’agaciro hakoreshwa hubahirijwe amategeko mpuzamahanga y’ubucukuzi kandi twubahiriza amahame akomeye y’ibidukikije. Ntabwo dukoresha uburozi cyangwa ibyangiza ibidukikije mugucukura amabuye yacu, ntanubwo ibirombe byacu bisohora ibintu nkibyo byangiza.

Amabuye yacu yose yaremejwe “nta makimbirane”-ibirombe byacu byujuje ibisabwa n’abagenzuzi bamabuye y’agaciro na amabwiriza ya OECD.

Gucukura gasegeleti i Rutongo byatangiye mu 1931, kandi guhera mu 1940, ibirombe byahoraga bitanga toni 800 mu mwaka za gasegeleti. Mu myaka ya zo 1950, SOMUKI, isosiyete icukura amabuye y’agaciro yo mu Bubiligi, yari imaze guteza imbere iki kirombe mu ruganda runini rukora gasegeleti mu Rwanda.Mu 1973, guhuza ahahoze hacukurwa amabuye y’agaciro ya gikoroni byatumye havuka SOMIRWA (Société Des Mines Du Rwanda), umushinga waruhuriweho na guverinoma y’u Rwanda na GEOMINES.Iyi sosiyete icukura amabuye y’agaciro mu Bubiligi yakoreraga aho kugeza iseshwe muri 1986. Muri iki gihe, ibirombe byahawe ubwenegihugu kandi bigakoreshwa na REDEMI (Regie d’Exploitation et de Developpement des Mines).

birombe bya Rutongo bikora munsi y’uruhushya rw’imyaka 25 rwatangiye muri 2015. Biteganijwe ko irimo toni zigera ku 54.000 za gasegeleti ishobora kugarurwa. Kuri ubu hatanga umusaruro uri hagati ya toni 40 na 70 ku kwezi, biteganijwe ko ziziyongera kugera kuri toni 200 buri kwezi mu myaka itanu iri imbere.

Ibirombe byafunzwe mu 1994 igihe itsembabwoko ryakorewe abatutsi ryaberaga. Mu 1995 bongeye gufungura bayobowe na REDEMI nka koperative y’abacukuzi kugeza mu 2008, igihe guverinoma yongeye kubegurira abikorera.

#### Ikirombe cya Nyakabingo giherereye ku birometero 19 (kumuhanda) ugana mumajyaruguru y’uburengerazuba bwa Kigali mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru, hafi yumudugudu wa Shyorongi. Iki kirombe gitanga toni zirenga 50 buri kwezi ikaba ifite uruhushya rw’imyaka 25 rwatangiye muri 2015.
Ubushakashatsi ku bucukuzi bw’ibirombe byagiye bikorwa kubera kwirundira hamwe kwibintu bitandukanye bizankwe n’amazi bwatangiye mu mpera za 1930, ariko nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose ni bwo hatangiye gucukurwa mu buryo bwemewe kandi buhoraho. Gucukura munsi yubutaka byatangiye nyuma mu 1960 bakora indani cyangwa imingoti yakorwaga bakurikirana ifiro y’ isarabwayi iteye nkuko umusozi uteye ( amabuye cyimeza) . Ayo mabuye yagaciro acukurwa hakorwa imyobo miremire itandukanywa n’umusozi ukomeye , Hari Kandi amafiro agenda bitandukanye nuko umusozi uteye acukurwa mu buryo bwo kuyimaramo 

ine itanga toni zigera kuri 20 buri kwezi za gasegereti, hamwe na Kolota nkeya iboneka mu duce twa Duha na Ntunga, ikaba ifite ruhushya rw’imyaka 25 rwatanzwe muri 2014 muri Piran Rwanda Limited. 

Iyi mine kandi irimo ubwoko bwiza bya Litiyumu iboneka muri Ntunga. haracyakorwa inyigo yimbitse kugirango hamenyekane uburyo bwiza yacukurwamo.
Imihango y'abagabo

## Umugabo

Umugabo iyo yumvise igicuro ku mutima ngo ubwo aba ali bupfushe uwo bava indu imwe. Umugabo wishwe n’igituntu afite abo bava indu imwe, asize n’abana; bazira kulya inyama y’umwijima, ngo bahumana. Iyo umugabo aturutse ahantu, maze yagera mu rugo hagati ajya kwinjira mu nzu, akanyerera akagwa, ntahava kereka bamuhaye inka cyangwa isuka. Ubonetse wese apfa kugira ngo: Haguruka nguhaye inka ya N…; cyangwa ati: Nguhaye isuka, haguruka. Iyo batabigenjeje batyo, ngo arugwamo. Iyo umugabo aguye mu rugo nta muntu uhali wo kumugenzereza atyo, arabyuka maze urugo akarumena, akarunyura inyuma akabona kujya mu nzu.

## Ibindi
Umugabo wenze inzoga y’iziko (y’amasaka), ku munsi wo gucanira ntararana n’umugore we; iyo bararanye inzoga iratema ikanyerera. Umugabo utunze inka, akunda gutereka urwara rw’agahera, ngo kuruca ni uguca inka mu rugo. Umugabo azira kureba amavuta y’inka ze, bakimara kuyavura ako kanya, ngo inka ze ntizakongera kureta ukundi. Iyo umugabo abonye igicaniro kiyakije ni joro, azana icyansi agahagarara mu mulyango, ati: Uraze uli mase cyangwa se uli indemberezi; ngo bimusulira gutunga inka nyinshi. Umugabo wateretse imfizi, iyo imwishe barayibaga, kuko ngo iba imukungulira; batayibaze nyirayo ngo ni we upfa.

Umugabo utunze inka, maze zigashoka umushumba uzikuye, araza agapfukama, agatereka igicuba imbere ya shebuja. Umushumba aba afite umukamato w’inkoni (imicyuro, imitozo, imikore); agahereza shebuja inkoni, ati: Akira inkoni. Shebuja ati: Cyura amashyo. Umushumba ati: Cyulirwa amagana. Umushumba agahereza shebuja injishi, ati: Akira injishi. Shebuja ati: Uzuza. Umushumba ati: Uzulizwa. Umugabo iyo atali aho, umugore ni we ubiherezwa.

## Amashakiro