Rwanda

= U Rwanda =
**[[U Rwanda rufite urubyiruko rw’abakoranabushake miliyoni 1,9|U Rwanda]]** ni igihugu giherereye muri Afurika y'uburengerazuba, mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari. Umurwa mukuru ni **Kigali**.

U Rwanda n'igihugu gifite  ubuso bwa km² 26,338, rukaba rutuwe n’abaturage barenga miliyoni 14 (2024). U Rwanda ni kimwe mu bihugu bifite ubucucike bw’abaturage buri hejuru muri Afurika.

## Imiterere n’Imipaka
U Rwanda ntirukora ku nyanja. ruhana imbibi na:

* **Burundi** mu majyepfo,
* **Tanzaniya** mu burasirazuba,
* **Uganda** mu majyaruguru,
* **Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo** mu burengerazuba.

Igihugu gifite ibirunga, ibiyaga (nk’ikiyaga cya Kivu, Rweru, Ruhondo, Muhazi,...) n’imigezi myinshi, imwe muri yo ikaba ari inkomoko y’uruzi rwa Nil. umusozi muremure  kurusha indi ni **Kalisimbi** ifite ubutumburuke bwa (m 4,519), naho hato ni **Rusizi Valley** (m 950).

## Ubuyobozi
U Rwanda ni **Repubulika** iyoborwa na Perezida utorwa n'abaturage binyuze mu matora . Ubuyobozi bugendera ku **itegeko nshinga ryatowe mu 2003**.

Igihugu kigizwe n’**intara enye (4)** n’**Umujyi wa Kigali.**  Igihugu cy' u Rwanda kigizwe n'uturere mirongo itatu (30 districts) n'imirenge maganane na cumi n'itandatu n'utugari ibihumbi bibiri n'ijana na mirongo ine n'umunani (2148) n'imidugudu ibihumbi icumi na bine maganinani mirongo itatu n'irindwi (14837).

## Ururimi
U Rwanda nk'igihugu , abaturage b'U Rwanda bakoresha ururimi rumwe ari rwo rubaranga, rukabahuza kandi rukabaranga aho bari hose.Kugeza ubu mu Rwanda hemewe gukoreshwa indimi zitandukanye z'amahanga ariko ku isonga haza:

* **Ikinyarwanda** (ururimi gakondo),
* **Icyongereza**,
* **Igifaransa**,
* **Igiswayire**.

## Ibimenyetso by’Igihugu
Nk'igihugu kigendera ku mahame ya demokarasi, u Rwanda rufite ibirango bitatu biruranga aho ruzwi hose mu ruhando rw'ibindi bihugu.Ibyo birango ( ibimenyetso) ni ibi bikurikira:
* **Ibendera**: Ibendera ry' u Rwanda rigaragara mu mabara atatu avugwa uhereye hejuru ugana hasi: **ubururu, umuhondo, icyatsikibisi**. Ibendera ry' u Rwanda rifite ishusho y'izuba mu ibara ry'ubururu iryo zuba rigizwe n'imirasire ya zahabu makumyabiri n'ine isobanura urumuri rumurikira abanyarwanda, abaturarwanda n'inshuti zarwo. ibi kand bisobanura gukorera hamwe nta vangura mu banyarwanda no kurwanya ubujiji. Ibara ry'ubururu risobanura  Amahoro n'umutekano urambye by'abanyarwanda.Ibara ry'umuhondo risobanura iterambere ry'ubukungu n'imbaraga biturutse ku banyarwanda. Ibara ry'icyatsikibisi risobanura icyizere kirambye cy'abanyarwanda.
*
* **Ikirangantego**: Mu kirangantego cy'u Rwanda habonekamo amagambo akurikira: Ubumwe, **Ubumwe,umurimo, no gukunda ukunda igihugu**.
*
* **Indirimbo yubahiriza igihugu**:  Indirimbo yubahiriza cy'u yitwa *Rwanda Nziza*.Iyi ndirimbo ikaba igizwe n'ibitero cyangwa ibika bine.

## Ubukungu
Ubukungu bushingiye ku **buhinzi**, cyane cyane ikawa n’icyayi. Ibindi bihingwa ni ibitoki, imyumbati, amasaka n’ibirayi. Amatungo (inka, ihene, intama) na yo ni ingenzi mu mibereho y’abaturage.

## Ubukerarugendo
U Rwanda rwamenyekanye cyane ku **bukerarugendo bushingiye ku nyamaswa n’umurage w’umuco**. Pariki zikomeye ni:

* Pariki y’Ibirunga,
* Pariki ya Nyungwe,
* Pariki y’Akagera.

## Idini
Abaturage benshi ni **abakirisitu** (Gatolika, Angilikani, Abaporotesitanti), hakiyongeraho Abayisilamu n’amadini mato atandukanye.

U **[[Rwanda]]** ni igihugu giherereye muri Afurika y'uburengerazuba mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari, munsi y'umurongo wa Koma y'isi.

Umurwa mukuru w’u Rwanda witwa Kigali. Iki gihugu gikunze kwitwa icy'imisozi igihumbi gikoresha indimi enye: Ikinyarwanda, Icyongereza, Igifaransa n'Igiswayire. Ururimi gakondo rw'Abanyarwanda ni Ikinyarwanda.

Ubutegetsi  bw'u Rwanda burigenga, ubuyobozi bufite intego igamije guteza imbere abaturage, kandi imiyoborere y'igihugu ntabwo ishingiye ku idini.

Ibirango by’igihugu cy’u Rwanda ni inkingi, ikimenyetso mpamo cy’inyandiko z' ubuyobozi, intego n’indirimbo y’Igihugu.

Intego y'Umutegetsi ni Ubumwe, Umurimo, Gukunda Igihugu.

Indirimbo y’Igihugu ni Rwanda Nziza.U Rwanda rugizwe n' uturere 30, intara 5, n'imirenge 416. U Rwanda kandi rufite abaturage million zisaga14 z'abaturage.

## [[Amateka]]

U Rwanda ruri mu bihugu 10 bya mbere bikungahaye k'ubukerarugendo bushingiye k'umuco n'umurage Ndangamateka.
## "Ubumenyi bw'isi"

Ni igihugu kidakora ku nyanja, kiri muri Afurika y'uburengerazuba mu karere bita ak’ibiyaga bigari. U Rwanda rufite ibirunga bitanu, ibiyaga makumyabiri na bitatu n’imigezi myinshi, imwe akaba ariyo soko y’uruzi rwa Nil. U Rwanda rufite ubuso bwa 26,338 km² ubutaka bukaba bwihariye 24,948 km² amazi agafata 1,390 km². Abaturage babarirwa hafi ya 11,533,446 (National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda, 2016), ubwo rero ni abantu  438 kuri buri km², u Rwanda rubarirwa mu bihugu bituwe cyane kurusha ibindi muri Afurika.

Imipaka n’ibihugu by’ibituranyi bikurikira ni 893 km: Burundi mu majyepfo (290km), Tanzaniya mu burasirazuba (217km), Uganda mu majyaruguru(169km) na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo (217km). U Rwanda rufite ibihe by’imvura bibiri Itumba-kuva Gashyantare kugera muri Gicurasi, Umuhindi-kuva muri Nzeli kugera muri Mutarama. Mu misozi ibihe biri mu rugero hajya haba ubutita rimwe na rimwe hakaza n’urubura rw’imbonekarimwe.

Igihugu gifite imiterere y’ubutaka itandukanye yiganjemo ibirunga mu majyaruguru kikaba gikikijwe n’ikiyaga cya Kivu  mu burengerazuba. Parike National y’ibirunga iri mu birunga mu misozi miremire n’amashyamba biri mu majyaruguru, iyo pariki ifite ingangi zizwi cyane kw’isi nk'inyamaswa nini cyane zizwi ku kwita ku miryango yazo. Hari inyamaswa nini n’into, naho ikiyaga cya Kivu mu burengerazuba kikaba gifite umusenyi mwiza mu nkengero zacyo ku Kibuye, Kivu ikaba itatswe n’uturwa twinshi. Ahantu ha mbere haciye bugufi mu Rwanda ni mu kibaya cya Rusizi kikaba kiri ku butumburuke bwa metero 950 uhereye ku nyanja. Naho ahantu harehare cyane gusumba ahandi ni ikirunga cya Kalisimbi gifite ubutumburuke bwa metero 4,519.

MUDASIRU Pariki Nasiyonali 
* Pariki ya Nyungwe
* Pariki y'Akagera
* Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga

## Intara
Igihugu cy’u Rwanda kigabanyijemo intara 4 n’umujyi wa Kigali. Intara zigabanyijemo uturere, imijyi, imirenge n’utugari. Umujyi wa Kigali ugabanyijemo uturere 30, imirenge 416 n’utugari.

Kugeza muri 2005, u Rwanda rwari rugabanyijemo intara cumi n’ebyiri (12) na Komini ijana na cumi n’esheshatu (116). Izi zari: Umujyi wa Kigali,9 intara ya Kigali Ngali,10 intara ya Gitarama,11 intara ya Butare,12 intara ya Gikongoro,13 intara ya Cyangugu,14 intara ya Kibuye,15 intara ya Gisenyi,16 intara ya Ruhengeri,17 intara ya Byumba,18 intara y’Umutara,19 intara ya Kibungo.

Ariko ibi byarahindutse kuva ku itariki ya 1 Mutarama 2006. Muri porogaramu yo kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage no kuvugurura ubutegetsi muri rusange mu gihugu, ubutegetsi bwite bwa leta bwagabanyijwe mu matsinda matoya u Rwanda 13rugabanywamo intara eshanu (5) zagabanyijwemo nazo uturere mirongo itatu (30). Uturere natwo tugabanyijwemo imirenge Magana ane na cumi n’itandatu (416) n’utugali ibihumbi bibiri n’ijana mirongo ine n’umunani (2148). Igihugu cy’u Rwanda kigabanyijemo Intara enye ( 4) n’Umujyi wa Kigali. 

Amazina, umubare n’ibyicaro by’intara n’iby’Umujyi wa Kigali bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ikurikira:

## [[Iyobokamana]]

Abanyarwanda benshi ni abayoboke b'amadini 2 akomeye ariyo Ubukirisitu (Abagatolika, Abaporoso, Abapresibuteliyani n’abangilikani) n’ubuyislamu,
n'Abahamya ba Yehova
Kiliziya cyane cyane Kiliziya Gatolika niyo yashinze imizi mu Rwanda. Abanyarwanda benshi ni abagatolika. Rero Kiliziya ifite uruhare runini mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Hari andi madini nayo y’abakirisitu mu Rwanda, ariko ntabwo akomeye nka Kiliziya Gatorika. Iri dini niryo rya mbere ryinjiye mu Rwanda riyobowe na Musenyeri Hirth wo mu muryango w’abapadiri bera 27 mu w’1900. Abapadiri bera bazanywe mu Rwanda n’abadage, bayobora icyo gihe bategekaga u Rwanda, u Burundi na Tanzaniya y’icyo gihe. Abadage barindaga abapadiri bera bizera ko naho bazashyigikira ubutegetsi bw’Abadage (irohat) mu Rwanda.

Ibarura ry’abaturage rya 2002 ryagaragaje ko amadini ahagaze mu buryo bukurikira muri iki gihe: Abagatolika (49.5%), Abaporotesitanti bari mu madini atandukanye (27.2%), Abadivantisite (12.2%);Abahamya ba Yehova Andi madini ya gikirisito (4%), Abatagira idini (3.6%) N’Abayisilamu (1.8%), indi myemerere 1.7%. Iri barura riragaragaza ko 98.3% by abatuye u Rwanda biyemerera ko bafite idini babarizwamo. Ibi biratwereka ko amadini ari rumwe mu nzego z’imiyoborere ihuza abantu benshi kuko amenshi muri ayo madini atandukanye cyane n’idini gakondo kuko yo ahuza abayoboke bayo kandi akabaha gahunda y’imitekerereze ndetse n’imyitwarire. 

## [[Ibendera rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda]]

Ibendera ry’Igihugu rigizwe n’amabara atatu: icyatsi kibisi, umuhondo, n’ubururu. 

## [[Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]]
Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda bugizwe ahanini n’ubuhinzi abenshi mu bahinzi batunzwe n’ibyo bahinga. Ubukungu bukaba buhura n’icyibazo cy’uko abantu ari benshi kurusha ubutaka buhari. Kuba u Rwanda rudakora ku nyanjya bikaba byongera ibyo bibazo kubera ko bituma igihugu kitagera ku masoko mpuzamahanga cyangwa kibagerayo bigoranye. Ibihingwa ngengabukungu bya mbere ni ikawa, icyayi n’ibireti. Ibi n’ibyamasoko mpuzamahanga. Mu gihugu, ibihingwa bihaboneka muri byo ni ibitoki, imyumbati, amasaka, imboga, n’ibirayi. Ariko ntibihagije ku isoko ryo mu Rwanda ibindi bitumizwa mu mahanga. Ibindi byongera ku ntungamubiri ku banyarwanda ni amatungo- inka, ihene n’intama.

**AHO U RWANDA RUGEZE MU ITERAMBERE**

Iterambere ry' u Rwanda rireberwa mu bihe bibiri bitandukanye; hagati 1962 na 1994 ndetse n'igihe cy'imyaka 30 kiri hagati 1995 na 2025. Kuva ku gusabiriza kugera ku bukungu bugabye   amashami: Mu 1989, u Rwanda rwohereje mu mahanga amabuye y'agaciro yinjije amadovize angana na miliyoni 2.5, ariko mu 2023, u Rwanda rwakubye uyu musaruro inshuro amagana, aho rwinjije amadovize miliyari 1.1 y'amadolari. Iterambere nk'iri rigaragaza ko ubukungu bw'u Rwanda bwagabye amashami.

Mu byerekeye u burezi, mbere abasozaga amashuri ya kaminuza bari ku kigero cyo hasi aho mu 1994 abasoje kaminuza bari 2870 ariko mu 2022 uwo mubare wikubye inshuro magana ugera ku 431,606.

Mu busanzwe, iyo igihugu kidafite uburyo bunoze bwo kugenderana haba mu gihugu mu imbere cyangwa no hanze y'igihugu bidindiza iterambere ry'igihugu.Mu 1993, u Rwanda rwari rufite ibirometero 530 by’imihanda ya kaburimbo. Uyu munsi, imihanda ya kaburimbo yariyongereye igera ku birometero 2,652 ibi bikaba byoroshya ubuhahirane n'iterambere.

Kuva kera kugera mu myaka ya 1994, ubuvuzi mu Rwanda bwari ku kigero cyo hasi aho 2.6% ari bo bari bafite ubwishingizi mu kwivuza. Ibi bisobanuye ko iyo umuntu yagiraga uburwayi bukomeye yashoboraga gukira agasiga umuryango we mu bukene bukabije cyangwa n'ubuvuzi ntabubonere igihe bikaba byatuma abura ubuzima. Uyu munsi , Abanyarwanda 97.3% bafite ubwishingizi mu kwivuza bisobanuye ko ntawe ugihura n'ingaruka nk'izavuzwe haruguru.Kuba serivisi z'ubuvuzi zariyongereye ndetswe zikegerezwa abaturage bisobanuye ubuzima buzira umuze n'icyizere kirambye cy'ubuzima bw'ejo hazaza.

## Amashyaka ya Politiki

U Rwanda ni igihugu kigendera kuri demokarasi y’amashyaka menshi. 

Amashyaka ya politike mu gihugu n’abayayobora ni aya: Parti Démocratique Chrétien (PDC) iyobowe na Alfred Mukezamfura ; Parti Social Démocratique (PSD) iyobowe na Vincent Biruta ; Union Démocratique du Peuple Rwandais (UDPR) iyobowe na Adrien Rangira ; Mouvement Démocratique Républicain (MDR) yasheshwe ikaba yarayoborwaga na Kabanda Célestin ; Parti Démocratique Islamique (PDI) iyobowe na André Bumaya ; Parti Libéral (PL) iyobowe na Prosper Higiro ; na Front Patriotique Rwandais (FPR) iyobowe na Paul Kagame.

Hari n’andi mashyaka yahagaritswe kubera ko atemewe n’amategekop. Ayo ni Parti Socialiste Rwandais (PSR), na Parti pour le Progres et la Concorde (PPC) na Parti pour le Renouveau Démocratique

### Amashyaka yo mu wa 1959
Ayo mashyaka ari ukubiri: hari ayo bamwe bita "partis nationaux", ni ukuvuga amashyaka yari afite abayoboke benshi, yari asakaye mu gihugu cyangwa mu duce tunini, akagira n'uburyo bugaragara bwo kwamamaza ibitekerezo byayo n'abayobozi batwaye bagaragara. Tuvuge ayo mashyaka ayo ari yo n'igihe yavukiye: 

:1. **APROSOMA** Association pour la Promotion Sociale de la Masse 15/02/1959
:2. **UNAR** Union Nationale Rwandaise 13/09/1959
:3. **RADER** Rassemblement Democratique Rwandaise 14/09/1959
:4. **PARMEHUTU** Parti du Mouvement de l’Emancipation des Bahutu 09/10/1959

Hari n'andi mashyaka akabakaba makumyabiri ataragize uburemere byayo tumaze kuvuga. Ndetse urebye neza, amwe n'amwe muri ayo mashyaka mato yegamiye ayo ane manini. Ayo mashyaka matoya ni aya:
:1) **ABAKI** Alliance des Bakiga
:2) **ABESC** Association des Bahutu evuluant pour la suppression des castes
:3) **ACR** Association des Cultivateurs du Rwanda
:4) **APADEC** Association du Parti Democrate Chretien
:5) **APROCOMIN** Association des Commerçants Indigenes
:6) **AREDETWA** Association pour le Relevement Democratique des Batwa
:7) **ARUCO** Alliance du Ruanda - Urundi et du Congo
:8) **ASSERU** Association des Eleveurs du Rwanda
:9) **MOMOR** Mouvement Monarchiste Rwandais
:10) **MUR** Mouvement pour 1'Union Rwandaise
:11) **PAMOPRO** Parti Monarchiste Progressiste
:12) **PSCR** Parti Social Chrétien du Rwanda
:13) **UAARU** Union des Aborozi Africains du Rwanda
:14) **UMAR** Union des Masses Rwandaises
:15) **UNAFREUROP** Union Afro-Europeenne
:16) **UNINTERCOKI** Union des Intérêts Communs du Kinyaga

## 
* Banki y’Amajyamabere y’u Rwanda (BRD) 
* Ofisi y’Ubukerarugendo na Pariki Nasiyonali mu Rwanda (ORTPN) 
* Perezidansi ya Repubulika
* Ibiro Bikuru by’Ishoramari rya Leta n’Inkunga Ituruka Hanze y’Igihugu (CEPEX)
* Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Guteza Imbere Ishoramari n'Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu Mahanga (RIEPA)
* Urugaga Nyarwanda rw’Abikorera ku Giti cyabo (RPSF)

## Amabanki
* Banque de Kigali (BK)
* Banque Rwandaise de Développement (BRD)
* I&M bank Rwanda
* Compagnie Générale de Banque (COGEBANQUE) 
* Banque Commerciale du Rwanda (BCR)
* Ecobank Rwanda 
* Banque de l'Habitat du Rwanda (BHR)
* Banque Populaire du Rwanda (BPR)
* Urwego Opportunity Microfinance Bank (UOMB)
* BANCOR SA
* Banque Populaire du Rwanda SA
*Kenya commercial bank (KCB)
*Equity bank
*Urwego Opportunity Bank(UOB)
*Zigama CSS
*Co-operative Bank Rwanda

## Sosiyete Sivile mu Rwanda

Iki gice kiraganira kuri sosiyete sivile yo mu Rwanda, ariko irashimangira ku mateka yayo, uko iteye, n’amashami yayo aba mu Rwanda. Iki gice kiranagaragaza imibereho ya sosiyete sivile, imigenderane ifitanye na leta y'u Rwanda ndetse n’abaterenkunga, ingorane ihura nazo. Iki gice kandi kiranagaragaza imbogamizi uwo muryango uhura nazo.

Urebye ibibazo uyu muryango uhura nabyo mu byerekeye kumvisha akamaro kawo, ni umuryango w’ubukorerabushake ufata umwanya hagati y’umuryango nyarwanda na leta. Hari amashyirahamwe atandukanye yigenga, yashizweho n’abantu ku giti cyabo kugira ngo babungabunge amahame n’imico yabo.

Ubundi inshingano z’uwo muryango ni kuwinjizamwo imiryango y’abakozi bo mu nzego zose, baba abunganira (avocats), za kiriziya, koperative, amashyirahamwe y’abana n’abagore n’andi mashyirahamwe ashinzwe imibereho myiza y’abaturage. 

* Kituo Cha Katiba
* Avega Agahozo
* Haguruka

## Notes
 

## Imiyoboro
* http://www.presidency.gov.rw/
* http://www.livinginkigali.com
* https://web.archive.org/web/20230113062710/https://discover.rw/