open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Igihembo cya Barbellion

**Igihembo cya Barbellion** ni igihembo cy’ubuvanganzo cyo mu Bwongereza, "cyiyemeje guteza imbere amajwi y’abarwaye n’abantu bafite ubumuga mu mwandiko". Gitangwa buri mwaka ku mwanditsi wese, mu njyana iyo ari yo yose, ufite indwara ikomeye cyangwa utuye afite ubumuga. Iki gihembo cyashinzwe mu 2020 na Jake Goldsmith, ufite cystic fibrosis, kandi ibitaramo bye byanditswe “Neither Weak nor Obtuse” (2022: ) na “In Hospital Environments: Essays on Illness and Philosophy” (2024: ) byasohowe na Sagging Meniscus Press. Iki gihembo cyitwa ku izina rya W. N. P. Barbellion (1889–1919; izina rye nyakuri Bruce Frederick Cummings), umwanditsi w’igitabo “The Journal of a Disappointed Man”, wabaye ufite multiple sclerosis kandi apfuye afite imyaka 30. *​*Mu mwaka wa 2023, Goldsmith yatangaje ko iki gihembo “kizashyirwa ku kiruhuko kitazwi” kandi ko igihembo cya 2023 kitazatangwa, ariko “dushobora gukomeza mu 2024 mu buryo bwiza kurushaho”.  Kuva muri Gicurasi 2025, urubuga rw’iki gihembo rwavuze ko “Nyuma y’ikiruhuko cyacu, Igihembo cya Barbellion kizagaruka mu mwaka ushize. Ibindi bizatangazwa muri Nzeri 2025.” 

Iki gihembo ni mpuzamahanga kandi cyakira ibitabo bishya byahinduwe mu Cyongereza, ndetse n’ibyanditswe n’abanditse ubwabo (self-published), ariko ntikireba ibitabo bitarasohotse. Ubusabe bushingiye ku kuba umwanditsi agaragaza ubuzima afite indwara ikomeye cyangwa ubumuga bw’igihe kirekire... bushobora kugena ubuzima bwe ku buryo bugaragara, kandi abanditsi—nk’abari mu mwanya w’abita ku bandi—batagize ubumuga bashobora gusuzumwa niba igihangano cyabo ari cy’igitangaza mu kugaragaza ubuzima n’indwara, ariko bazahabwa umwanya muto mu guhatanira igihembo. Uwatsindiye iki gihembo ahabwa £1,000, igikombe cy’ikirahure (glass trophy), ndetse n’igitabo cya Barbellion cyitwa “The Journal of a Disappointed Man”. 

## Abatsinze

### 2020

* *Umukobwa wa Golem: inyandiko* yumuhanzi Riva Lehrer, ufite spina bifida  ( Virago,  )

### 2021

* *Ibyo Willow avuga* na Lynn Buckle, utumva:  igitabo kivuga ku mwana w'igipfamatwi na nyirakuru ndetse no gukoresha ururimi rw'amarenga   ( Press Époque Press,  )

### 2022

* *Igitabo cyamasaha: Almanac kubihe byubugingo* by Letty McHugh, ufite sclerose nyinshi .   Igitabo cyanditswe ubwacyo kandi kiboneka kumurongo.  

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Official website
Lewis (robot)

**Lewis** (yitiriwe Meriwether Lewis ) ni robot yigenga ikora akazi ko gufotora mu bukwe: ijya mu birori by'abantu, igatembera, kandi igafata amafoto y'ikoranabuhanga y'abantu. Ni umushinga w'ubushakashatsi muri Laboratwari y'Itangazamakuru n'imashini muri kaminuza ya Washington muri St. 

Lewis yagaragaye kuri slashdot, kurubuga rwa CNN, no mubinyamakuru bitandukanye byo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru .

Mu 2002, Lewis yakiriye - hanyuma yanga - ubutumire mu birori byo kwizihiza isabukuru yimyaka 24 ya Nelly .
XAP Home Automation protocol

**xAP** ni sisitemu ifunguye ikoreshwa  murugo rwimikorere ishyigikira guhuza telemetrie hamwe nibikoresho bigenzirwa cyane cyane murugo.  y'itumanaho irimo RS-232, RS-485, Ethernet na simsiz . Porotokole ya xAP ikoresha ubutumwa bwamamaza gusa.  abakira xAP bumve ubutumwa bwamamaza kandi basoma  kugirango barebe niba ubutumwa bufite inyungu.  Porotokole ya xAP ifite ibyiza byingenzi bikurikira: 

* Ikoresha ibikorwa remezo bihari aho bishoboka hose (urugero birashobora kubana hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwumubiri nka RS-232 cyangwa LAN idafite umugozi)
* Irashobora guhuza imiyoboro myinshi nka RS-232 cyangwa idafite umugozi ukoresheje ikiraro gifatika.
* xAP ntabwo isaba umugenzuzi mukuru. Imyanya yose irashobora gukora nkuwohereje cyangwa uyakira.
* Sisitemu ya xAP itanga ikwirakwizwa kandi ryihanganira imyubakire yemerera imikorere ya sisitemu ndetse no mugihe habaye ibice byananiranye.

## Reba kandi

* xPL Porotokole - Porotokole isa cyane murugo

## Amashakiro

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* xAP Ibisobanuro Porotokole Archived  
* xAP Ihuriro
Looj

**Looj** yari robo yo murugo isukura imiyoboro y'amazi (eavestrough) yakozwe kandi igurishwa na companyi ya   iRobot .

Looj ntabwo yari robot yigenga, ahubwo yari robo igenzurwa n'uyikoresha hakoreshejwe kure, ifite imiterere isa n'iy'igare ry'igikinisho,kandi ifite imashini isongora(power drill) ishyizwe imbere.

## Ibisobanuro
Looj yari  muremure na  robot yagutse ikwiranye mu myanda myinshi kugirango isukure imyanda yabayemo, nk'amababi n'inshinge za pinusi. Ryari rifite ibirenge birebire ku ruhande rwaryo ryemerera kugenda imbere mu muyoboro, hamwe na auger ifatanye imbere. Auger, izunguruka ibintu byoroshye kuri 500 RPM, yajugunye kandi ikuraho imyanda imbere mu muyoboro uyijugunya mu kirere. Igikoresho kandi cyari gifite icyuma gitandukanya / cyitaruye, cyakoreshwaga mu gutwara no gukoresha robot.

Moderi ya mbere ya Looj yakoreshejwe na bateri yimbere 7.2 V NiCad ishobora kwishyurwa, igomba gukurwaho kugirango yishyure. Nyuma moderi ikoresha bateri ya Li-ion yishyurwa aho.

Looj yahagaritswe muri 2017. 

## Kwakira neza
Looj yakiriwe neza n'ababisuzuma mbere yo kurekurwa. Crunch Gear yagize ati "Niba ushyize urwego rwawe mu mfuruka y'inzu - kandi imyanda yawe yagutse bihagije - urashobora guhanagura byoroshye impande ebyiri zinzu muminota mike." 

Looj yatsindiye igihembo *cyiza cya CES Innovations Award: Ibikoresho byo mu rugo* muri
Toyota Partner Robot

**Imashini za Toyota Partner** ni urukurikirane rwa za robo zifite ishusho imeze nk'abantu (humanoid) zakozwe na Toyota . Zatangiye kwerekanwa bwa mbere zicuranga ingoma n'impanda mu imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ryabereye muri Aichi, mu Buyapani mu mwaka wa 2005. Hano hari robot 5, zose zifite sisitemu zitandukanye. Imashini 5 ni: **verisiyo ya 1** (robot ya bipedal), **verisiyo ya 2** ( Segway -like wheels), **verisiyo ya 3** (Segway -like wheels), **verisiyo ya 4** (sisitemu y'insinga idasanzwe) na **i-Foot** (ishobora gushyirwaho amaguru 2).   Muri Nyakanga 2009, Toyota yashyize ahagaragara amashusho y'ubuhanga bwo kwiruka no guhagarara kwa robot mugenzi wabo. Imashini igera kuri 7&nbsp;km / isaha, icyakora kugenda no kwiruka birashobora kugerwaho gusa hejuru yuburinganire.  Muri 2017, Toyota yasohoye igisekuru cyayo cya gatatu cyimashini za robo, T-HR3, izakoreshwa mu ngendo zo mu kirere .
Muhammad Akram (umukinnyi w’umupira w’amakipe w’utabona)

**Muhammad Ahmed Akram** ni umukinnyi w’umupira w’amakipe w’Umupakistani utabona, wavukiye ku wa 10 Nzeri 1974 i Islamabad, wakiniye igihugu cye mu gice cya mbere cy’amarushanwa y'igikombe cy’isi cya Blind T20 2012 aho ikipe ye yarangije ku mwanya wa kabiri. Muri iyo World Cup, yashyizeho ikibaho cy’isi ku manota menshi umuntu umwe ashobora kubona mu mukino wa T20I ndetse no mu mateka y’igikombe cyisi cya Blind T20 (264)   

## Reba
WEMO

**WEMO**, ni ishami rya kampanyi ya Belkin, akaba ri urukurikirane bw'ibicuruzwa byaBelkin bakoresha  control home electronics remotely. The product suite includes electrical plugs, motion sensors, light switches, cameras, light bulbs, and a mobile app.

## ibicuruzwa

Wemo Switch ishobora gucomekwaho  mumurongo uwo ariwo wose akayikoresha murugo kugirago arinde umutekano bwibiza byaterwa n'amashanyarazi, ushobora noneho kugenzurwa na terefone ya iOS cyangwa Android ikoresha Wemo App, ukoresheje urugo rwa Wi-Fi cyangwa umuyoboro wa terefone igendanwa .

Sensor ya Wemo Motion ishobora gushyirwa ahantu hose, mugihe ishobora kugera kumurongo umwe wa Wi-Fi nkibikoresho bya Wemo igenewe kugenzura. Ishobora kuzimya no kuzimya igikoresho icyo aricyo cyose cya Wemo gihujwe numuyoboro wa Wi - Fi mugihe abantu bahanyuze.

Porogaramu ya Wemo igenzura ibikoresho bya Wemo aho ariho hose ku isi igihe cyose umuyoboro wa Wemo cyangwa se ibikoresho bya Wemo bihujwe na interineti. Ibikoresho bya Wemo bishobora kandi kugenzurwa ukoresheje tekinoroji ya IFTTT . Ibikoresho bya Wemo birashobora kandi kugenzurwa nijwi binyuze muri Amazon Echo,  Umufasha wa Google,  na Siri ya Apple (binyuze mu gukoresha ikiraro cya Wemo). 

## Kutagira umutekano muke
Guhindura Wemo bigenzurwa hakoreshejwe imiyoboro ya IP; bityo, kugirango uhindurwe kugenzurwa kuva kure, igomba kuba ifunguye kugirango yakire imiyoboro iva kuri enterineti. Muri Mutarama 2013, byagaragaye ko Wemo yari ifite inenge z'umutekano udahagaze neza mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya UPnP bityo bikaba bya kwemerera umukoresha utabifitiye uburenganzira kugenzura icyuma. Ibi birashobora kwemerera ibitero bibi, nko guhinduranya ibintu ku buryo bwihuse cyane, bishobora kwangiza ibikoresho bimwe ndetse bikanatera umuriro w'amashanyarazi. 

Iyi ntege nke yakemuwe no gusohora porogaramu igezweho. 

Ku ya 10 Nyakanga 2025, Belkin yatangaje icyemezo yafashe cyo guhagarika inkunga ya tekiniki ku bicuruzwa bya Wemo bishaje, guhera ku ya 31 Mutarama 2026. Nyuma yiyi tariki, ibicuruzwa byinshi bya Wemo ntibizongera kugenzurwa binyuze muri porogaramu ya Wemo kuko inkunga izaba yarahagaze. Ibintu byose bishingiye kubicu bihuza, harimo kugera kure hamwe nijwi ryunganira amajwi, ntibizongera gukora. 

## Amashakiro
OpenWebNet

**OpenWebNet** ni protocole y'itumanaho yakozwe na Bticino mu mwaka wa 2000.

tekinoloji ya OpenWebNet yemerera urwego rwohejuru imikoranire hagati yikigo cya na Bus SCS ya MyHome domotic sisitemu. Ubwihindurize bwa protocole iheruka kunozwa kugirango yemere imikoranire hamwe na sisitemu izwi cyane yo gukoresha urugo nka KNX na DMX512-A, ukoresheje amarembo akwiye.

Porotokole ya OpenWebNet yashyizwe ahagaragara kumuryango wa MyOpen.

## OpenWebNet Porotocol
Abayobozi batekerezaga ko yigenga ku ikoranabuhanga ryakoreshejwe. Kurugero, bishoboka gukoresha software yubugenzuzi ihujwe na Ethernet, ukoresheje serial RS-232 cyangwa ukoresheje USB kugera kumarembo ahujwe na sisitemu ya domotic. Umuntu arashobora kwagura ubutumwa bwa protocole. Birahagije gusaba RFC yabo. Bizasuzumwa kandi bishyirwe ahagaragara niba byubaha syntax *ya OpenWebNet* .

### Ubutumwa
Hariho ubwoko 4 bwubutumwa bwa OpenWebNet:

* Itegeko / Ubutumwa
* Ubutumwa busaba ubutumwa
* Gusaba / Soma / Andika Ubutumwa Bupima
* Emera Ubutumwa

*Itegeko / Ubutumwa*
 * NINDE * NIKI * AHO # AHO ##
*Ubutumwa busaba ubutumwa*
 * # NINDE * AHO ##
*Gusaba / Soma / Andika Ikigereranyo Ubutumwa* busaba:
 * # NINDE * AHO * DIMENSION ##
Soma:
 *#NINDE* AHO * DIMENSION * AGACIRO1 * … * AGACIRO ##
Andika:
 *#NINDE* AHO * # DIMENSION * AGACIRO1 * … * AGACIRO ##

## Irembo GufunguraWebNet
Bishoboka guhuza na bisi yo gutangiza urugo rwa SCS ukoresheje amarembo yihariye.

Hariho uburyo bubiri bwamarembo yemerera guhuza bisi yo kukibuza ukoresheje protocole isanzwe :

* Irembo rya Ethernet ( Linux -ishingiye)
* Irembo USB cyangwa RS-232

### Irembo rya Ethernet
Gushyira mubikorwa ubu buryo bwa na BTicino nayo yashyizwemo seriveri . Ikora nkumusemuzi hagati yubutumwa bwa OpenWebNet binyuze kuri TCP / IP nubutumwa bwa SCS bwatanzwe kuri bisi ya SCS.

* BUS SCS
* KNX
* DMX

### Gateway USB cyangwa RS-232
Gateway ni igice gikora nkumusemuzi hagati yubutumwa bwa OpenWebNet bwoherejwe kuri USB cyangwa serial hamwe nubutumwa bwa SCS bwatanzwe muri bisi ya SCS ibyo bigafasha cyane abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona kuko iyi serivici ikoresha amajwi.

## Imikorere
Zenbo

**ASUS Zenbo** ni robot yo mu rugo ikomoka muri Tayiwani yakozwe na kompanyi ya Asus, yashyizwe ikerekanwa ku nshuro ya mbere mu imurikagurisha ahagaragara rya Computex 2016. Igiciro cy’amadorari agera kuri 599 US $, ASUS Zenbo isa na mugenzi muto uzunguruka ufite ibara ryerekana amabara “isura” hamwe n’uruziga ruzengurutse rufite ibiziga.  Byakozwe na Intel itunganya Intel hamwe na Intel RealSense ubujyakuzimu - kamera kamera, byatejwe imbere nka "mudasobwa ya robot kuri buri rugo".  Izina ryahumetswe no guhuza " Zen ", "robot" na "umuhungu". 

Zenbo yagenewe gutanga ubufasha,gususurutsa, hamwe nubusabane cyangwa umufasha w'abantu bo mu byiciro byose by'imyaka. kubantu bakuze, itanga ubutumwa bubibutsa imiti n'inama z'ibikorwa, kumenya igihe umuntu aguye, ndetse n'amatangazo y'akanya k'amage. Abagize umuryango barashobora kugenzura kure kamera ya Zenbo kugirango bagenzure. Irashimangira kandi guhuza ibisekuruza - gushoboza guhamagara kuri videwo, ijwi - gutwara imbuga za interineti, no kugenzura ibikoresho byo mu rugo bifite ubwenge nk'amatara, televiziyo, hamwe n'ubukonje . 

Mu ngo zifite abana, Zenbo arashobora kuba umwanditsi w'inkuru, umufasha w'uburezi, hamwe n'imyidagaduro, afite imikino yo guhuza ibitekerezo, indirimbo, hamwe n'ibisubizo byerekana mumaso yayo. 

## Kurekura no kwakira
Zenbo yatangije gahunda yo gutumiza muri Tayiwani ku ya 1 Mutarama 2017, ishyigikiwe n’ubufatanye mu nzego za guverinoma, uburezi, ndetse n’umutekano - harimo porogaramu yihutirwa ihujwe n’ikigo cy’igihugu cya Polisi . 

Mu gihe isuzuma ryambere ryashimye ubushobozi bwaryo, ugereranije na terefone zigendanwa zidasanzwe, hamwe n’imiterere yaryo ikomeye, abanenga bagaragaje imbogamizi mu kumenyekanisha imvugo no kugendagenda neza.  ASUS yagaragaje icyizere ko Zenbo izaterwa imbere binyuze mugutanga umusanzu kwa ba developers no mu gukura k'uburyo bw'imikorere n'ibidukikije byayo.

## Ibiranga

* Ingendo: Kwigenga byigenga ukoresheje kamera na sensor. 
* Imikoranire y'ijwi: Igenzura ridafite intoki kubibutsa, kubaza urubuga, n'amabwiriza y'ibikoresho byubwenge.
* Itumanaho na Multimediya: Shyigikira guhamagara kuri videwo, gucuranga imiziki, gutembera, no kugenzura ibikoresho byo murugo . 
* Umutekano no Gukurikirana: Ushoboye kumenya kugwa nibintu biteye amakenga, kumenyesha umuryango ukoresheje porogaramu ya terefone.
* Ihuriro ryabateza imbere: Itanga porogaramu ifunguye porogaramu igamije iterambere hamwe na porogaramu y'abafatanyabikorwa, itumira iterambere ry’abandi bantu. 

## Umurage
Ukuboza 2017, ASUS yazamuye Zenbo mu rwego rw’ubuvuzi, iyishyira hamwe n’ubuvuzi kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu bitaro by’ubwenge bifite ubwenge hamwe n’isosiyete itanga amakuru yo mu Busuwisi Clinerion. Mu mpera za 2023–2024, ibitekerezo by’abaturage - harimo ibibazo bya tekiniki ndetse no guhagarika ivugurura - byavugaga ko Zenbo yaguye mu cyiciro gito cy’inkunga, ariko nyuma byemezwa ko ari ukutumvikana.
Electric eye

**Ijisho ry'amashanyarazi** ni igikoresho cyo gutahura urumuri gikoreshwa mu kumenya igihe urumuri ruvanywe cyangwa ruciye mu kintu. Urugero ni sisitemu y'umutekano y'umuryango ikoreshwa k'umuryango wa garage ikoresha umucyo woherezwa n'uwakira uri ku mpera y'irembo kugira ngo rihagarike gufunga igihe hari ikintu gihari cyacika ku rucyuruzo rw'urumuri. Igikoresho ntabwo gitanga ishusho; gusa kuba hari urumuri biragaragara. Umucyo ugaragara urashobora gukoreshwa, ariko imirasire yimirasire ihisha imikorere yigikoresho kandi mubisanzwe ikoreshwa muri sisitemu zigezweho. Ubusanzwe, sisitemu yakoreshaga amatara akoreshwa numuyoboro utaziguye cyangwa umurongo w'amashanyarazi uhinduranya inshuro zigezweho, ariko sisitemu ya kijyambere ya fotodetector ikoresha diode ya infrarafarike itanga urumuri rwahinduwe kuri kilohertz nkeya, ituma disiketi yanga urumuri rwazimiye kandi igateza imbere urwego, ibyiyumvo, numutekano wibikoresho.

## Ingero
**Imodoka yo mu muhanda**

* Mu myaka ya za 1930, muri Leta zunz'ubumwe z'amerika hatangijwe ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi hakoreshejwe amatara abiri ya IR yatandukanijwe kugirango imodoka n'abanyamaguru bonyine babare. 

**Igice cya mbere cyubucuruzi**

* Ubwoko bworoshye bw'amaso y'amashanyarazi bwatanzwe mu 1931 bwari bufunze mu cyuma gito kandi byoroshye kuyashiraho ugereranije na moderi zishaje. 

**Imashini zipfunyika**

* Mu myaka ya za 1930, hashyizweho ibikoresho by'amaso by'amashanyarazi kugirango bifashe imashini ipfunyika udusanduku 72 kumunota. 

**Gufungura umuryango byikora**

* Mu 1931, General Electric yagerageje gufungura imiryango yambere yikora ubu ikunzwe mubitaro. Ijisho ryamashanyarazi ryise *Ijisho rya Magic* .   

**Sisitemu yo gutabaza**

* Mu 1931, ijisho ryamashanyarazi ryakoresheje uburebure bwa UV butagaragara ryahawe ubucuruzi bukeneye sisitemu yo gutabaza amasaha 24.  bwoko irerekanwa mugice cya mbere cya firime ya *Jewel Ubujura* 1932.

**Kamera zikoresha**

* Mu 1936, Dr. Albert Einstein na Dr. Gustav Bucky bahawe ipatanti yo gushushanya ijisho ry'amashanyarazi kuri kamera. Iyi Kamera yashoboraga kwigenzura ku buryo bwikora igahitamo umwobo (aperture) n'igihe cyo gufata ifoto (exposure) bikwiye.
Intentional radiator

**An Intentional radiator** n'igikoresho icyo ari cyo cyose cyateguwe ku bushake kugira ngo gihabwe imibara ya radiyo (radio waves) .

Imiyoboro ya radiyo y'ubwoko bwose, harimo gufungura urugi rwa garage, terefone idafite umugozi, terefone ngendanwa, wohereje amashusho adafite umugozi, mikoro idafite umugozi, n'abandi benshi bari muri iki cyiciro.

Muri Amerika, imirasire yabigambiriye igengwa na 47 CFR Igice cya 15, Igice C.
GreenPeak Technologies

**GreenPeak Technologies** yari Utrecht, mu Buholandi ishingiye kuri fabless ikora ibicuruzwa na semiconductor hamwe na software ya IEEE 802.15.4 na Zigbee igice cyisoko ridafite umugozi. Ikoranabuhanga rya Zigbee rikoreshwa itumanaho ry'amakuru mu ngo zigezweho Smart Home no korohereza interineti yibintu (loT), ijambo rikaba risobanura ibikoresho byagenewe gukorerwa no gucungwa n'ibikoresho cyangwa sisitemu zigenzurwa n'itumanaho tya internet.

## Ibipimo nganda
Porogaramu z'ibyuma by'amaradiyo bidakoresha insinga (wireless sensor applications) akenshi zishingiye ku bipimo ngenderwaho by'inganda, bishyiraho ibisabwa ku mikoranire y'ibikoresho (interoperability)kandi bigatuma ibice bitandukanye byavuye ku bacuruzi batandukanye bikora hamwe mu nzego nk'iyubakwa ry'amazu no mu bwikorezi bw'inganda (industrial automation).

Iterambere rya GreenPeak rishingiye ku nganda zifunguye hiyongereyeho IEEE 802.15.4 . GreenPeak ni umunyamuryango wa Global Semiconductor Alliance kandi ishyigikira amahame afunguye yisi yose ya Zigbee .  

## Ibicuruzwa
GreenPeak ikubiyemo ibyuma bigenzura itumanaho rya Zigbee Smart Home hamwe na IoT ya IEEE 802.15.4.   

## Kugurwa na Qorvo
Ku ya 17 Mata 2016, hatangajwe ko GreenPeak yemeye kugurwa na Qorvo .   Nyuma yo kugura, GreenPeak yakomeza gukorera mu Buholandi, mu Bubiligi no muri Hong Kong nk'ishami ry’ubucuruzi rya "Low-power Wireless Systems" mu bucuruzi bw’ibikorwa Remezo n’Ingabo (IDP) bya Qorvo. Cees Links, wahoze ari umuyobozi mukuru wa GreenPeak Technologies, yatangaje ko azatangira kuba umuyobozi mukuru w’ishami ry’ubucuruzi rya Wireless Connectivity.
OpenPicus

**OpenPicus** yari isosiyete ikora ibyuma ikomoka yatangijwe mumwaka wa 2011 yateguye kandi ikora sisitemu ya Internet yibintu kuri module yitwa Flyport. Flyport ni ibyuma bifunguye kandi urwego rwa OpenPicus na IDE ni software ifunguye .   Flyport ni sisitemu ikomeye yonyine kuri module, kuko ntamuntu uturuka hanze ukenewe kugirango agokere porogaramu za IoT. Isosiyete yahagaritse imirimo muri 2018.

## Amateka
OpenPicus yashinzwe na Claudio Carnevali na Gabriele Allegria mu mwaka wa 2011.Igitekerezo cyari ugushiraho ibyuma na porogaramu bifungura sisitemu kugira ngo byihutishe iterambere ry’ibikoresho na serivisi by’umwuga IoT. &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

Umwaka wa 2018 urangiye, OpenPicus Wiki hamwe namakuru yose afitanye isano na Hardware yamakuru yabuze kuri enterineti kuko abashinze OpenPicus ubu bamenyekanisha izina rya IOmote bahindura ubumenyi bwabo mubucuruzi nyabwo. Amwe mumakuru ashaje agaragazwa na  (wiki, inyigisho, nibindi) kubibaho bya OpenPicus birashobora kugarurwa ukoresheje Internet Archive Wayback Machine . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

Flyport ni sisitemu yubwenge kandi ihujwe kuri module ya enterineti . Flyport ikoreshwa nimbaraga zikomeye kandi zoroheje zifungura isoko (ishingiye kuri FreeRTOS ) icunga porogaramu ya TCP / IP, porogaramu y'abakoresha hamwe na *seriveri* ihuriweho. Flyport iboneka muri 3 pin ihuza: 

# FlyportPRO Wi-Fi 802.11g
# FlyportPRO GPRS ya kane
# FlyportPRO Ethernet

Sisitemu ya Flyport kuri module ishingiye kuri Microchip Technology PIC24 itunganya ingufu nke. Ikoreshwa muguhuza no kugenzura sisitemu kurubuga rwa murandasi binyuze muri enterineti yashyizwemo cyangwa seriveri isanzwe ya TCP / IP. Microcontroller ihuriweho ikora abakiriya, ntabwo rero  umukiriya yakenewe. Pinout iroroshye cyane kuva ishobora guhindurwa na software.

Flyport ishobora guhuzwa na seriveri nyinshi yibintu  nka Evrthng, Xively, ThingSpeak nibindi byinshi.

## Uruhushya
Ibyuma: Imibare irekurwa munsi ya CC BY 3.0 Porogaramu: Framework yasohotse munsi ya LGPL 3.0

## Reba kandi

* Ibyuma byubusa

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Gufungura urubuga rwa Picus (archive)
* funguraPicus Wiki (archive)

## Amashakiro
Optical braille recognition

**Optical Braille Recognition** ni tekinoroji yo gufata no gutunganya amashusho ndetse n'inyuguti ya brile  karemano . Ikoreshwa muguhindura inyandiko za braille kubantu badashobora kuyisoma mumyandiko, no kubungabunga no kubyara inyandiko.

## Amateka
Mu mwaka wa 1984, itsinda ry’abashakashatsi bo muri kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga ya Delft ryateguye igisate cyo gusoma cyo mu bwoko bwa braille, aho umutwe wo gusoma ufite selile zifotora zimuriwe hamwe n’abategetsi kugira ngo bafate inyandiko y’inyandiko umurongo ku murongo ubu buryo kandi bufasha cyane abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona.  Mu 1988, itsinda ry’abashakashatsi b’Abafaransa muri kaminuza y’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga ya Lille bakoze algorithm, yitwa Lectobraille, yahinduye inyandiko za brile mu nyandiko isanzwe. Sisitemu yafotoye inyandiko ya braille hamwe na kamera ntoya ya CCD, kandi ikoresha tekinoroji yo kuyungurura umwanya, kuyungurura hagati, isuri, no kwaguka kugirango ikuremo braille. Inyuguti za braille zahinduwe mururimi karemano hakoreshejwe kumenyekanisha imiterere . Tekinike  yari ifite ikosa rya 1%, kandi ifata igihe cyo gutunganya amasegonda arindwi kumurongo.  Mu mwaka wa 1993, itsinda ryabashakashatsi bo muri Katholieke Universiteit Leuven ryashyizeho uburyo bwo kumenya braille yari yarabisikanye hamwe na scaneri iboneka mubucuruzi.  ariko, ntabwo yashoboye gukemura ikibazo cyubumuga buri muri gride ya braille, kubwibyo byasabwaga ibyangombwa bya braille byakozwe neza.  Mu 1999, itsinda ryo muri kaminuza ya Hong Kong Polytechnic ryashyize mu bikorwa tekinike yo kumenyekanisha ku bafite ibumuga bwo kutabona ikoresheje impande zombi kugira ngo ihindure braille mu nyandiko y'Icyongereza cyangwa Igishinwa.  Mu 2001, Murray na Dais bakoze sisitemu yo kumenyekanisha intoki, isikana ibice bito byinyandiko icyarimwe.  Kubera agace gato kasikiwe icyarimwe, guhindura gride ntabwo byari ikibazo, kandi hakoreshejwe algorithm yoroshye, ikora neza.  Mu 2003, Morgavi na Morando bakoze sisitemu yo kumenya inyuguti za braille bakoresheje imiyoboro yubukorikori . Sisitemu yari izwiho ubushobozi bwo gukemura ibibazo bitesha agaciro kurusha ubundi buryo. 

## Inzitizi
Byinshi mubibazo byo gutunganya neza inyandiko ya braille bituruka kumiterere yinyandiko za braille. Ubusanzwe Braille yacapishijwe kumpapuro zikomeye, ndetse na wino itanga itandukaniro hagati yinyuguti yazamuye nimpapuro zinyuma. Ariko, ubusembwa kurupapuro bushobora kugaragara muri scan cyangwa ishusho yurupapuro.

Inyandiko nyinshi zacapishijwe *inter-point*, bivuze ko zifite impande ebyiri. Nkibyo, kwiheba kwa braille kuruhande rumwe bigaragara ko bifatanye hamwe na braille igaragara kurundi ruhande ibi bigafasha cyane abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona kuko biborohera cyane mugusoma izini nyandiko za Braille. 

## Ubuhanga
Bumwe mu buryo bwa optique bwo kumenyekanisha braille bugerageza gukoresha amatara ya oblique na kamera kugirango igaragaze igicucu cya depression no gusohoka kwa braille. Abandi bakoresha ibikoresho biboneka mubucuruzi. 

## Reba kandi

* Kumenyekanisha neza

## Amashakiro
Invoxia

**Invoxia** ni isosiyete yo mu Bufaransa ikora ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga by'abakiriya (consumer electronics), izwi cyane mu gushushanya no guteza imbere ibikoresho by'ubwenge (smart devices) bikoresha ubwenge bw'ubukorikori (AI), nk’umuntu wa mbere wa GPS ukurikirana ku isoko wakoresheje ikoranabuhanga rya LoRa  (ryatangijwe mu 2017), umuvugizi wa mbere uhuza hanze y’ibinyabuzima bya Amazone yakoresheje sisitemu y’amajwi ya Alexa  n'umurongo w'abakurikirana GPS mu gukumira ubujura bw'amagare  no gukurikirana ibikorwa by'amatungo.  Ku isoko rya B2B, itanga serivisi zo gukurikirana no gucunga umutungo.  Itanga kandi serivisi za IoT inganda  zirimo gushushanya ibyuma niterambere hamwe namahugurwa no guhuza imiyoboro yimitsi .

Invoxia yashinzwe mu 2010 na rwiyemezamirimo udasanzwe w’Abafaransa Éric Careel (na Withings, Sculpteo na Zoov ) na Serge Renouard.

Invoxia yashyigikiwe na Newfund kuva mu 2012. Mu mwaka 2013, Invoxia yafashe ubuyobozi bw'isosiyete ishinzwe gukora telefoni gakondo ya Swissvoice. 

Mu Kwakira 2015, Amazon  iratangaza Invoxia nku wahawe ikigega cya Alexa  kugirango yinjize serivisi zijwi rya Alexa  muri Triby.

## Ibicuruzwa

* NVX 610:   desktop yubwenge na terefone ya IP
* NVX 620  desktop yubwenge hamwe na terefone ya IP
* NVX 220  terefone ya IP yubwenge
* AudioOffice  desktop yubwenge hamwe ninama yinama
* IjwiBridge:  igikoresho cyo guhuza umurongo wa terefone na mobile
* Ubwoko 
* Triby IO 
* GPS Tracker  igice kinini cya GPS ikurikirana ikora kuri SIGFOX na LoRaWAN
* Bike Tracker  ishami rya GPS ryagenewe gushakisha amagare
* LongFi GPS Tracker  ikorera kumurongo wa Helium yegerejwe abaturage
* Smart Dog Collar  ikurikirana rya biometrike ikurikirana imbwa, ifite ubushobozi bwo gupima igipimo cyumutima nubuhumekero

## Ibihembo

* Invoxia yahawe igihembo cyiza cya CES cyiza cyo guhanga udushya 2012 kubera telefone igendanwa ya Smart Office muri Show Electronic Show i Las Vegas . 
* Invoxia yatsindiye igihembo cya Red Dot Design 2012 ya Terefone ya NVX 610. 
* Invoxia yahawe ibihembo bibiri bya CES Innovation Awards mu 2016 mu byiciro "Abakinnyi ba Portable Media Players and Accessories" na "Wireless Handsets."  
* Invoxia yahawe igihembo cya CES cyo guhanga udushya muri 2019 mu cyiciro cya "Wambara" kubera amatungo yacyo. 
* Invoxia yahawe igihembo cya CES 2020 cyo guhanga udushya kubera Amagare yayo. 
* Invoxia yahawe ibihembo bibiri bya CES Innovation Awards mu 2022 mu byiciro "Wearable Technologies" na "Ubuzima n'Ubuzima" kubera Smart Dog Collar. 

## Ibindi gusoma

* Newfund.fr
* Usinenouvelle.com
* Lesechos.fr
Marata Vision

**Marata** yari ikirango cyari cy'iyobowe na Polaron Controls, igice cya Cooper Controls. Akazi nyamukuru ka Marata kwari ugucuruza no gukwirakwiza ibikoresho byo kwerekana amashusho (video display), kubihuza no kubigenzura, bigenewe gukoresha mu ngo ndetse no mu bucuruzi. 

Marata Vision yari ifite icyicaro i Watford, Herts, mu Bwongereza, hafi y'icyicaro gikuru cya Polaron ndetse mbere y'uko igice cyagurishwa kuri Palaron, byari biherereyr mu Majyaruguru ya London.

## Amateka
Marata Vision yaguzwe burundu na Polaron Controls muri Nyakanga 2004, mu gihe isosiyete y'ababyeyi Polaron Plc yatangizwaga ku isoko ry'imigabane. Muri Werurwe 2007, Polaron Plc yaguzwe na Cooper Controls (UK) Ltd, ishami rya Cooper Industries Ltd,

Nyuma, itsinda ryaguzwe na Eaton Igenzura no Kumenyesha.

Nyuma y’ifungwa rya Vutec muri Floride mu 2020, kubera ko Marata Vision yari umugabuzi w’Ubwongereza kuva mu myaka ya za 90, ubucuruzi bwarangiye muri Mata 2021.
Muzzley

**Muzzley** ni porogaramu ikoreshwa mu kugenzura ibikoresho bya interineti y'ibintu (loTdevices) .    Porogaramu iboneka kuri iOS, Android na Windows 10 yemerera kugenzura ibyo bikoresho. Baha ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibikoresho by'abandi bakoresheje API na SDK zabo, kugira ngo abakora ibikoresho babishyiremo mu buryo butaziguye muri microcontrollers zabo. 

## Amateka
Muzzley yashinzwe muri Werurwe 2012 na Domingos Bruges na Eduardo Pinheiro.  

Nyuma y'uwo mwaka, batangiye kwipimisha beta testing hanyuma bazamura icyiciro cya mbere cy'ishoramari ry'ingemwe &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

Muri 2013, ikipe ya Muzzley yimukiye muri Amerika. Bagura kandi itsinda ryabo kandi bafatanya na Intel . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

Muri Gashyantare 2014, Muzzley yakiriye miliyoni 2.5 z'amadolari y'Amerika mu gutera inkunga imishinga y'ishoramari, iyobowe na Portugal Ventures.  inkunga na Espírito Santo Ventures na Plug na Play Tech Centre . &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

Batoye kandi Jon Castor nk'Umuyobozi w'Inama y'Ubutegetsi kandi basohora isohoka rya kabiri rikomeye rya porogaramu, Muzzley V2.0. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

Ku ya 1 Gicurasi 2018, Habit Analytics yaguze Muzzley kumafaranga ataramenyekana. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;
Unity Systems

**Unity Systems** yari isosiyete ikora ibikoresho by'ubwenge bw'ingo (home automation) ikorera i Redwood City, muri California, muri Amerika, yashinzwe mu 1983   Muri 1985 Unity Systems yashyize kw'isoko Unity Home Manager ,imwe muri sisitemu za mbere z'ubwenge bw'ingo (home automation) ndetse ikaba yari imwe mu zisanzwe zikora neza cyane.Yagaragaje icyatsi kibisi cya monochrome yerekana ibyerekanwe hamwe n'ubushyuhe, igorofa yo hasi, kugenzura amatara, sisitemu ya spinkler, kugenzura HVAC, umutekano hamwe nuburyo rusange bwo kubungabunga.   The Unity Home Manager  yagurishijwe n'umuyoboro w'abacuruzi wari ugizwe na masosiyete mato, kandi yitanze, hamwe n'abacuruzi bagera kuri 90 muri Amerika mugihe kimwe. Sisitemu yubumwe yafunzwe mu1999
Roborock

**Beijing Roborock Technology Co. Ltd**, yiswe **Roborock**, ni isosiyete yo mu Bushinwa ikora ibkoresho by'abakiriya (consumer goods), izwi cyane ku bikoresho byayo bya robo bisukura ( sweeping and mopping robots) ndetse n'amasuka y'amashanyarazi adafite insinga (handheld cordless stick vacuums)   Xiaomi yagize uruhare runini mu ishingwa ry’isosiyete.  

## Amateka
Beijing Roborock Technology Co. Ltd yashinzwe mu 2014 i Beijing mu Bushinwa.  ryashyigikiwe ahanini na Xiaomi.   yakusanyije miliyoni 640 z'amadolari muri IPO yayo yo muri Gashyantare 2020,  kandi isosiyete yinjije buri mwaka hafi miliyari 4.5 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda guhera muri Kanama 2021.

Roborock yagiye ahagaragara ku isoko rya STAR rya Beijing mu 2020. 

## Ibicuruzwa

### Vacuum cleaners
Umurongo wa "S" wa robot vacuum, watangijwe muri 2018,  ufite gahunda ihuriweho yo kwirinda inzitizi kugira ngo tumenye ibintu kugeza kuri 5&nbsp;cm ubugari kuri 3&nbsp;cm z'uburebure.  Mugihe abasukura bagenda hafi y'umwanya bakora ikarita ishushanya, bagaragaza ibintu bigomba kwirindwa nyuma.

Roborock ivuga ko ibikoresho byabo byoza cyangwa bisukura hasi bitabika amashusho cyangwa ngo bayashyire muri cloud, ndetse ko amashusho yose afatwa ahita asibwa ako kanya nyuma yo kuyatunganya. 

ReactiveAI 2.0 yatangijwe no gusohora Roborock S7 MaxV. Ifite kamera ya RGB hamwe na 3D yubatswe yumucyo  

Usibye kamera zabo zashyizwe imbere, ibikoresho bishya bikoresha LIDAR-hejuru hejuru yicyumba. Ukoresheje porogaramu, abayikoresha barashobora gushiraho imipaka kugirango barebe ko igikoresho kidasukuye aho. Abakoresha barashobora kandi gushiraho "oya-mop" aho igikoresho gishobora gukurura ariko ntigice. 

Roborock Q7 Max,  yasohotse mu 2022,  irashobora kugenzurwa na Alexa, Siri, cyangwa Assistant Google . 

Mu 2023, Roborock yasohoye S8, S8 Plus, na S8 Pro Ultra. Itandukaniro nyamukuru hagati yicyitegererezo ni docking station buri wese arimo. S8 ifite ibiciro bisanzwe byo kwishyuza mugihe S8 Plus ikubiyemo icyuma gisiba cyikora.   S8 na S8 Plus zifite brushrol ebyiri ariko ntizamura. Moderi zose zibanziriza S8 zifite brushroll imwe.

Roborock S7 MaxV Ultra ikubiyemo kamera yerekana neza.    Roborock S7,  yatangiriye kuri CES      Umukungugu wacyo upima 460 mL mubushobozi bwuzuye. Irashobora guhumeka metero  hagati yishyurwa. Moderi ya S4 ntabwo ihindagurika.

Muri 2022, Roborock yasohoye Q5 isimbuza moderi S, kandi isa na S4 Max na S5. Q5 ifite imbaraga zo gukurura  cyane, ariko ikabura imiterere ya mop.  2025, Roborock yerekanye moderi yayo ya Saros 10. 

### Imashini imesa
Mu 2023, isosiyete yazanye imashini yambere yo kumesa,  Roborock Zeo One hamwe na firime yumye. Kimwe na Zeo One, moderi ikurikira irashobora kugenzurwa na porogaramu ya terefone ya Roborock.
Death of Patel family

Muri Mutarama 2022, Jagdish Patel, Vaishaliben Patel, hamwe n'abana babo Vihangi na Dharmik bapfiriye i Emerson, Manitoba, muri metero cumi n'ebyiri uvuye ku mupaka wa Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika . Uyu muryango wishwe n'ubukonje, bwageze kuri -35 ° C mugihe cyo gupfa kwabo, mugihe bagerageje kwimuka bava mubuhinde bajya muri Amerika, banyuze muri Kanada.

## Umuryango wa Patel
Igihe yapfaga, Jagdish Patel yari afite imyaka 39. Yashakanye na Vaishaliben wari ufite imyaka 37  yagendanaga n'umukobwa wabo Vihangi, wari ufite imyaka 11 n'umuhungu wabo Dharmik, wari ufite imyaka 3 . abaturage benshi muri Dingucha bifuza kwimukira muri Amerika. 

Uyu muryango wavuye  werekeza i Toronto ku ya 12 Mutarama 2022.  Polisi yo muri Canada yasanze nyuma yaho bagiye berekeza ku mupaka wa Leta Zunze ubumwe za Amerika banyuze mu muhanda, kubera ko nta makuru y'ingendo z'indege yari agaragara ku mazina y'umuryango, bageze i Emerson, Manitoba ku wa 18 Mutarama 2022.

## Kugerageza kwambuka imipaka no gupfa
Umuryango wa Patel hamwe n’abandi barindwi bagerageje kwambuka umupaka, muri gahunda y’abinjira.  Umuryango birashoboka ko utari witeguye ubushyuhe buke, bwageze kuri -35 ° C icyo gihe.  n'abapolisi mu murima wa Emerson, muri Manitoba. Uwo muryango washyizwe mu cyiciro cy'abahohotewe n'ubucuruzi bw'abantu, nk'uko byatangajwe n'inzego z'ubuyobozi za Canada. 

## Ingaruka
Urupfu rw'umuryango wa Patel rwongereye abantu mu bitangazamakuru no mu bitangazamakuru kumenya abahinde ba magendu bakoresha Kanada nk'inzira yo kugera muri Amerika.  Mugihe umupaka wa Mexico na Amerika urinzwe cyane, umupaka wa Kanada uroroshye ugereranije. 

Polisi yo mu Buhinde yataye muri yombi abagabo babiri ku ya 16 Mutarama 2022 ikurikiranyweho ibyaha birimo gucuruza abantu no guteza urupfu.  Nyuma y'iminsi itari mike, abapolisi b'Abahinde bata muri yombi undi ukekwaho icyaha.
Wyze Labs

**Wyze** **Labs** **,** Inc.​(uwahoze ari Wyzecam) azwi nka Wyze,Ni kompanyi y'ikoranbuhanga yo muri America ikorera i Washington, yihariye mu gukora ibikoresho by'ubwenge mu ngo (smart home) n'ama kamera adakoresha insinga (wireless cameras). Ni start-up yashinzwe n'abakozi ba kera ba Amazon 

## Amateka
Wyze yashinzwe ku ya 19 Nyakanga 2017, n’abashinze bane: Umuyobozi mukuru Yun Zhang, CPO Dongsheng Song, CMO Dave Crosby, na Elana Fishman.    Ku ya 24 Ukwakira 2018, Wyze yagurishije miliyoni imwe ya Wyze Cam. Ku ya 31 Mutarama 2019, Wyze yatangaje ishoramari rya miliyoni 20 z'amadorali yatanzwe na Norwest Venture Partners.  Muri Werurwe 2020, igihe icyorezo cya COVID-19 cyibasiye isi, Wyze yari hafi guhagarika, ariko isosiyete yashoboye kurokoka icyo cyorezo igabanya umubare w'amafaranga yashakaga gukusanya kuva kuri miliyoni 50 ikagera kuri miliyoni 10, ndetse no kongeraho gahunda yo kwiyandikisha ya Cam Plus, n'ibindi.  Mu mpera za 2022, Wyze yatangaje ko 2023 ari “umwaka wa kamera”, maze asohora kamera nshya eshatu guhera ku ya 2 Werurwe 2023 

## Amakimbirane n'umutekano
Muri 2019, Sensormatic, ishami rya Johnson Controls ryuzuye, yareze Wyze, avuga ko yarenze ku ipatanti.  Wyze yatsinze mu rubanza, guhera muri Nzeri 2020.  

Mu Ukuboza 2019, Kompanyi yemeye ko kwibwira ku murongo wa server byatumye amakuru y'abakiriya bagera kuri miliyoni 2.4 agaragara.  Igisubizo cy'ikigo cyarimo gukuramo abakoresha bose kuri konti zabo, bisaba ko abakoresha bose babyemeza. 

Mu 2021, Xiaomi yashyikirije Amazone raporo ivuga ko Wyze yarenze ku cyuma cyayo cya 2019 "Igikoresho cyogusukura cyigenga ndetse n’umuyaga w’umuyaga kimwe" ipatanti ya robot vacuum.  Ku ya 15 Nyakanga 2021, Wyze yatanze ikirego arega Xiaomi mu rukiko rw’intara rwo muri Amerika mu karere k’iburengerazuba bwa Washington, avuga ko ibihangano byabanjirije kubaho ndetse anasaba urukiko ko rwatangaza ko ipatanti ya robot ya Xiaomi yo muri 2019 itemewe. 

Mu 2022, ikigo cy’umutekano Bitdefender cyatangaje ko Wyze yahagaritse WyzeCam v1 kubera ikibazo cy’umutekano Bitdefender yari yamenyesheje Wyze imyaka itatu mbere, kikaba ari igihe kirekire kidasanzwe ku buryo intege nke zitamenyekana ku baturage. Wyze ntacyo yatangaje ku mugaragaro kubyerekeye intege nke. 

Ku ya 8 Nzeri 2023, bamwe mu bakoresha bavuze kuri Reddit ko abareba urubuga berekana ibiryo bya kamera bitari ibyabo. Umuvugizi wa Wyze yavuze ko ibi byatewe n'ikibazo cyo gufunga urubuga. 

Muri Gashyantare 2024, abakiriya bashinzwe umutekano wo mu rugo Wyze bagera ku 13.000 beretswe urugo rw’undi.
Ibikorwa Remezo Byorohereza abafite ubumuga

Ibikorwa remezo mukorohereza abafite ubumuga bwingingo.

Abafite ubumuga nabo bafite uburenganzira kuri serivisi zihabwa Abantu bose.

## Ibikorwa remezo
Leta y'urwanda ifite pilitiki yo gishyigikira itangwa rya serivisi idaheza.

Hibandwa gushyira ibikorwa remezo byorohereza  ibyiciro byose by'abantu.

## Ahashyirwa ibikorwa remezo
Ahashyirwa ibikorwa remezo byorohereza Abafite ubumuga ni Munyubako zitangirwamo serivisi zitanduka Biri munyarwanda wese acyenera harimo Inyubako ndende zubakwa ubu zikorerwamo: Amasoko,amavuriro,Amashuri,ibigo byubwishingizi,https://mobile.igihe.com/ubuzima/article/u-rwanda-rumaze-kubaka-ibikorwaremezo-bifasha-abafite-ubumuga-mu-mavuriro-22

## Ibikorwa remezo mu mashuri
Mu mashuri yubakwa ubu ashyirwamo ibikorwa remezo byorohereza Abafite ubumuga hagendewe kuri gahunda ya Leta y'urwanda yo gutanga serivisi idaheza buri munyarwanda mu mashuri hashyirwamo inzira zoroherereza abafite ubumuga bwingingo n'ibindi bitandukanye.

## Ibikorwa remezo mu mavuriro
Politike ya Leta y'urwanda yashyizeho gahunda yo kubaka ibikorwa remezo bitangirwamo serivisi cyane cyane ubuvuzi kugirango buri munyarwanda wese ahabwe serivisi Kandi muburyo budaheza.https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/Abafite-ubumuga-barasaba-kongererwa-ibikorwaremezo-bibafasha-mu-myigire

## Imbogamizi kubafite ubumuga
Abafite ubumuga byo kutabona bagaragaza imbogamizi bahuranazo zibadindiza mumwigire bituma badatsinda izombogamizi bagaragaza harimo: kutabona infashanyigisho,integanyanyigisho n'ibindi.https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/ibikorwa-by-uburezi/article/kutagira-ibikoresho-bihagije-bigira-ingaruka-ku-myigire-y-abanyeshuri-bafite-ubumuga

## Ibirushijeho
https://mobile.igihe.com/serivisi/kwamamaza/article/bugesera-hubatswe-urugo-rurererwamo-abana-barenga-100-barimo-n-abafite-ubumuga

https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/Abafite-ubumuga-barasaba-kongererwa-ibikorwaremezo-bibafasha-mu-myigire

https://mobile.igihe.com/ubuzima/article/u-rwanda-rumaze-kubaka-ibikorwaremezo-bifasha-abafite-ubumuga-mu-mavuriro-22

https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/ibikorwa-by-uburezi/article/kutagira-ibikoresho-bihagije-bigira-ingaruka-ku-myigire-y-abanyeshuri-bafite-ubumuga
Somfy

**Somfy** ni itsinda ry’ibigo byo mu Bufaransa ryashinzwe mu 1969, rikaba rimwe mu bikomeye mu gukora no gutanga ibyuma bigenzura n'imashini zifungura no gufunga imiryango y'inyubako, amadirishya y'impumyi (window blinds) n'ibyuma by'izuba (awnings).  Bakora kandi n'ibindi bicuruzwa byikora murugo nk'ibikoresho by'umutekano. 

Somfy ni umunyamuryango w'akanama k'ubwenge bw'ingo (home automation) committees for Matter,thread ndetse n'ishyirahamwe ry'ibipimo by'itumanaho (Connectivity Standards Alliance). Somfy yatangaje ko afite intego yo gushyira mu bikorwa icyiciro cya mbere akoresheje Materi hejuru ya Zigbee binyuze mu kiraro, kandi ko "moteri ya Zigbee itazahinduka Matteri binyuze mu kuzamura porogaramu". Kuva mu  nta bicuruzwa byemewe bya Somfy byatangajwe.
Inzira ya Braille

**Inzira ya Braille** ni inzira yagenwe cyangwa iy’imisozi igenewe kugendwamo n’abantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona kugira ngo nabo babashe kuyikoresha mu buryo bworoshye kandi bw’umutekano. By’umwihariko, izo nzira zigaragazwa n’imigozi cyangwa ibindi bigabanya inzira, kandi ibimenyetso n’ibyapa bikoreshwa bigira amajwi cyangwa byanditswe mu nyuguti za Braille . 

Urugero rumwe ni Watertown Riverfront Park and Braille Trail, ruherereye mu gice cya Charles River i Watertown, muri Massachusetts, muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, rwafunguwe mu mwezi wa Nyakanga 2016. Umugozi w’ubuyobozi ugenda ukurikiye urubibi rw’inzira ifite intera ya 1/4 mile (metero 400), ikikije pariki y’amasensori ifite ibintu bitandukanye birimo ubwato bw’inkwi bwo kuririmbaho ndetse n’intebe isohora amajwi (musical bench). 

## Reba
Isaha ya Braille

**Isaha ya Braille** ni isaha itangarizwa igihe ijyanye n’abatabona cyangwa abafite bumuga bwo kutabona neza 

## Ibisobanuro
Isaha ya Braille ikoreshwa no gukorakora uruziga (dial) kugira ngo umuntu amenye ibimenyetso byanditse hejuru. Hariho verisiyo zayo zombi isanzwe n'iya mudasobwa. Verisiyo za analog zigira ikirahure cyangwa igikonoshwa gikingira isaha, gishobora gufungurwa igihe umuntu ashaka gusoma isaha. Iminwe y’isaha (clock-hands) ikozwe ku buryo itanyeganyezwa n’ukuyikoraho igihe umuntu utabona akoresha urutoki rwe kugira ngo amenye uko ihagaze. Mu buryo bwa digital, utudomo (nk’utwandiko twabraille ) duhora duhindura imyanya uko igihe gihinduka. Muri iki gihe, ugomba kumenya inyuguti za Braille kugira ngo usome isaha.

Isaha z’amashanyarazi zivuga, zivuga igihe hakoreshejwe akabuto gato, nazo zikundwa cyane n’abantu batabona.

## Reba
Mae Brown

**Mae Brown** (1935–1973) yari umugore wa kabiri w'utabona kandi utumva ndetse akaba umuntu wa mbere w’Umunyakanada utabona kandi utumva wabashije kubona impamyabumenyi ya kaminuza. Yarangije muri kaminuza ya Toronto Scarborough **mu 1972**.

## Ubuzima bwo hambere
Brown yavukiye ahitwa Thunder Bay mu 1935. Ubumuga bwe bwo kubona no kumva bwakomeje gukomera mu buto bwe; mu mashuri yisumbuye, uburebure bwe bwari bwagabanutse ku buryo atashoboraga gusoma ku kibaho cy’umwarimu, maze ahagarika amashuri.  Operasiyo yakorewe Brown akiri mu kigero cy’ubwana bwo hejuru yo gukuramo udusabo two mu bwonko yatumye atsindwa burundu no kumva.

Brown yiyandikishije mu kigo cy’igihugu cy’abatabona cya Kanada, aho yahawe amahugurwa ku buryo bwo gutumanaho nka Braille, ndetse n’uburyo bwo kubona akazi.  CNIB kandi yatanze umwarimu wa Brown kugira ngo amufashe kurangiza amashuri yisumbuye. Iyo Brown yiyandikishije muri University of Toronto, CNIB yashakishije umusemuzi wamufashaga, Joan Mactavish, hamwe n’itsinda ry’abagiraneza 35 ryahinduraga ibitabo bya Brown mu nyuguti za Braille.  Mactavish yahinduraga amasomo n’ibizamini bya Brown akoresheje uburyo bwo gukoresha intoki mu kwandika inyuguti (finger-spelling) mu ntoki za Brown. Brown yashoboraga gutanga ibisubizo bye mu magambo. Bimwe mu bizamini byafataga iminsi myinshi kurangiza ukoresheje ubu buryo, kandi impamyabumenyi ya Brown mu mateka na psychology yaje kuyibona nyuma y’imyaka 5.

## Umwuga
Nyuma yo kurangiza amashuri, Brown yagarutse mu kazi muri CNIB, ahinduka umuyobozi w’ibyerekeye abantu batabona kandi batumva, kandi ashyiraho imiyoboro n’imirimo y’ubufasha ku bantu batabona kandi batumva muri Canada.  Ibi byari birimo amatsinda y’imibereho, ibitabo n’ibinyamakuru, ndetse no kugerageza ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga. 

## Urupfu
Brown yitabye Imana byihutirwa mu 1973 bitewe na undi tusabo two mu bwonko. Isuzuma ry’ubugenzuzi bw’umubiri (autopsy) ryagaragaje ko twasabo twose two mu mubiri we twatewe na neurofibromatose. Umwarimu we w’ishuri rya kaminuza, Joan Mactavish, yakomeje gushyira mu bikorwa ibitekerezo bya Brown byo gufasha abantu batabona kandi batumva nyuma y’urupfu rwa Brown. 

## Ibihembo no kumenyekana
Mu mwaka wa 2002, akazi k’ubufatanye ka Brown na Mactavish kaheshejwe icyubahiro binyuze mu gushyirwa muri Terry Fox Hall of Fame.

## Reba
Ikigo cy’Iterambere ry’Abantu bafite Ubumuga

Ikigo gishinzwe Iterambere ry’abafite ubumuga ( Mongolian   **Бэрхээлт ки Хүний Хөгжлийн барв** ) ni ikigo cy’abafite ubumuga i Darkhan, Intara ya Darkhan-Uul, Mongoliya .

## Amateka
Iki kigo cyafunguwe ku mugaragaro mu muhango wabaye ku wa 14 Nzeri 2023, witabiriwe na Minisitiri w’intebe Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene .   Cyafunguwe byuzuye mu kwezi kwa Mutarama 2024.

## Ibikorwa
Iki kigo gitanga serivisi zitandukanye ku bantu bafite ubumuga, zirimo gukorera imyitozo ngororamubiri, gukorera imyitozo y’ijwi n’ubuvugizi imyitozo y’umwuga (occupational therapy), n’ubundi bufasha butandukanye mu by’imitekerereze.

## Imari
Iki kigo cyatewe inkunga n’inguzanyo ya miliyoni 25 z’amadolari ya Amerika yatanzwe na Banki ishinzwe iterambere muri Aziya ndetse na impano ya miliyoni 2 z’amadolari ya Amerika (US$2 million) yatanzwe na Japan Fund for Prosperous and Resilient Asia and the Pacific.

## Reba kandi

* Ubumuga muri Mongoliya

## Reba
James Charlton (umunyagitugu w’uburenganzira bw’abantu bafite ubumuga)

**James I. Charlton** ni umwanditsi w’Umunyamerika, umunyagitugu mu uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga, ndetse akaba Visi Perezida Mukuru wa Access Living i Chicago.

Yemera ko ubumuga bushyirwaho n’imibereho y’abantu mu muryango. Yakoze icyitegererezo cy’imikorere y’umuryango w’uburenganzira bw’abantu bafite ubumuga, gishobora gutandukanya amoko atandukanye y’imiryango.

## Umwuga
Afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse muri kaminuza ya Chicago . Charlton yamaze kuba Umuyobozi w’Ibikorwa, Visi Perezida Mukuru ndetse na Perezida w’Agateganyo wa Access Living guhera mu 1985. Charlton kandi ni umufasha w’umwarimu muri Departema y’Uburemere bw’Ubumuga n’Iterambere ry’Umuntu muri kaminuza ya Illinois i Chicago. Ni umwe mu bagize akanama k’ubuyobozi ka Chicago Transit Authority.

Mu mwaka wa 2000, yasohoye igitabo cyitwa “Nothing About Us Without Us: Disability Oppression and Empowerment”.

Charlton yanditse inyandiko mu kinyamakuru cy’ubushakashatsi yitwa “Peripheral Everywhere”, ivuga ku bantu bafite ubumuga nk’“abantu babarirwa kabiri hanze y’imibereho”.

## Reba kandi

* Urutonde rwabaharanira uburenganzira bwabafite ubumuga
* Urutonde rwimiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwabafite ubumuga

## Reba
Ishuri rya Urwibutso rwa David Hill

**Ishuri ry'urwibutso rwa David Hill** yari ishuri ry’abakobwa batabona i Hankou, mu Bushinwa. Ryari rifitanye isano na Kiliziya ya Wesleyan . 

Iri shuri **r**yashinzwe mu 1883. Ryibwe mu 1911 ubwo Hankou yafatwaga n’ingabo z’ubwami.

## Reba
Ikigo cy’Iterambere ry’Abana bafite Ubumuga

( Mongolian  Хөгжлийн Бэрхээлт **ки Хүүхдийн Сэргээн Засах Хөгжлийн мав** ) ni ikigo cy’abana bafite ubumuga mu Karere ka Bayangol, Ulaanbaatar, Mongoliya .

## Amateka
Ukwubakwa kw’iki kigo kwatangiye ku wa 8 Nzeri 2016. Iki kigo cyashyikirijwe ku wa 24 Mutarama 2019 mu muhango witabiriwe na Ambasaderi w’u Bushinwa Xing Haiming, Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Abakozi ba Leta ya Mongolia Zandaakhüügiin Enkhbold, ndetse na Minisitiri w’Abakozi n’Uburinganire bwa Sosiyete ya Mongolia Sodnom Chinzorig. Iki kigo cyahize ibindi mu gushimwa ku bw’ubwubatsi bwiza mu 2019.

## Ubwubatsi
Iki kigo gifite ubuso bwa hegitari 1.5, gifite igorofa eshatu hejuru y’ubutaka n’igorofa imwe munsi y’ubutaka.  Kirimo uburiri 250 kandi gishobora kwakira abarwayi bahasura buri munsi bangana na 250.

## Reba kandi

* Ubumuga muri Mongoliya

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Official website
Ubumuga muri Afuganisitani

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’ubumuga bw’icyitegererezo muri Afuganisitani bwakozwe na Asia Foundation mu 2019, hafi 80% by'abantu bakuru muri Afuganisitani bafite bumwe mu bwoko bw’ubumuga.

## Ikwirakwizwa
Muri bo bafite ubumuga, 24.6% bahuye n’ubumuga buto (mild disability), 40.4% bahuye n’ubumuga buri hagati (moderate disability), naho 13.9% bahuye n’ubumuga bukomeye (severe disability). Ku bantu bafite ubumuga bukomeye, ahantu henshi bibarizwa ni mu Burengerazuba (25.4%), mu misozi ya Central Highlands (25.4%) ndetse no mu Majyepfo-Maso y’Uburasirazuba (20.5%). Ikibazo kinini bahura nacyo mu bafite ubumuga buri hagati n’ubukomeye ni imbogamizi mu kugenda, mu mibanire, mu kubona akazi no mu mashuri.

## Reba kandi

* Afuganisitani mu mikino Paralympike

## Reba
Ubumuga mu gihugu cya Antigua na Barbuda

Ubumuga mu gihugu cya Antigua na Barbuda bivuga abantu bafite ubumuga batuye muri Antigua na Barbuda .

## Amateka
Guverinoma ya Antigua na Barbuda yashyize umukono ku Masezerano yerekeye uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga ku wa 30 Werurwe 2007, ayemeza ku wa 7 Mutarama 2016.  

## Imibare
Muri 2019, indwara z'umutima-damura, diyabete na kanseri nizo zabaye intandaro y'urupfu n'ubumuga mu gihugu. 

## Reba kandi

* Antigua na Barbuda muri Paralympique

## Reba
Ubumuga muri Aruba

**Ubumuga muri Aruba** bivuga ababana n'ubumuga muri Aruba .

## Amateka
Aruba yatangiye gukora urutonde rw’abaturage bafite ubumuga guhera mu 1981.

## Imibare
Mu mwaka wa 2010, hari abantu 6,955 batuye muri Aruba bafite ubumuga butandukanye, bikaba byari 6.9% by’abaturage bose.

## Reba kandi

* Aruba muri Paralympique

## Reba