open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Yezu Kirisitu

**Yezu Kirisitu** cyangwa **Yesu Kirisitu** , **Yesu Kirisito** , **Yezu Kirisito** ; **Yesu Krisitu** cyangwa **Yezu Krisitu** , **Yesu Krisito** , **Yezu Krisito** yavukiye i Betlehemu muri Isirayeli, abyarwa na nyina Mariya twita Bikiramariya. Muri Kiriziya gatolika bibutsa umwanya ukomeye wa Bikiramariya mu mibereho yacu ya buri munsi.

Bikiramariya ni umubyeyi w'Imana, ahora iruhande rwa muntu, mu masengesho no mu bikorwa. Niyo mpamvu Bikiramariya yagiye yegera abemera akabaha ijambo ribafasha mu nzira ituma isi irushaho kuba nziza.
Nijeriya

**Nijeriya** cyangwa **Nigeriya**, **Repubulika ya Nijeriya** (izina mu cyongereza : *Federal Republic of Nigeria* ; izina mu kigibo : *Njíkötá Óchíchìiwù Naíjíríà* ; izina mu gifurahe : *Republik Federaal bu Niiseriya* ; izina mu kiyoruba : *Àpapọ̀ Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà* ; izina mu gihawusa : *Jamhuriyar Tarayiar Nijeriya *) n’igihugu muri Afurika. Umurwa mukuru wa Nijeriya witwa Abuja.

Indimi nkuru za Nijeriya ni ikigibo, ikiyoruba, igihawusa, n’icyongereza.

Nijeriya yabayemo ibihugu byinshi by’abasangwabutaka mbere y’abakoloni n’ubwami kuva mu kinyagihumbi cya kabiri mbere ya Yesu, aho umuco wa Nok mu kinyejana cya 15 mbere ya Yesu wabaye ubumwe bwa mbere muri icyo gihugu. Intara ya kijyambere yatangiriye ku bukoloni bw’Abongereza mu kinyejana cya 19, ifata imiterere y’akarere kayo hamwe n’ubuyobozi bwa Nijeriya y'Amajyepfo na Protekate ya Nijeriya y'Amajyaruguru mu 1914 na Lord Lugard. Abongereza bashizeho inzego z’ubuyobozi n’amategeko mu gihe bakurikiza amategeko ataziguye binyuze mu batware gakondo bo mu karere ka Nijeriya. Nijeriya yabaye federasiyo yigenga ku ya 1 Ukwakira 1960. Yahuye n’intambara y’abenegihugu kuva 1967 kugeza 1970, ikurikirwa n’ubutegetsi bwa gisivili bwatowe binyuze mu nzira ya demokarasi hamwe n’igitugu cya gisirikare, kugeza igihe habaye demokarasi ihamye mu matora y’umukuru w’igihugu ya 1999; amatora yo mu 2015 bwari bwo bwa mbere perezida uriho atsinzwe amatora. 

Nijeriya ni igihugu cy’amahanga yose gituwe n’amoko arenga 250 avuga indimi 500 zitandukanye, zose zikaba zifite imico itandukanye. [11] [12] Amoko atatu manini ni Hausa mu majyaruguru, Yoruba mu burengerazuba, na Igbo mu burasirazuba, hamwe hamwe akaba arenga 60% by'abaturage bose. Ururimi rwemewe ni Icyongereza, rwatoranijwe kugirango rworohereze ubumwe bwindimi kurwego rwigihugu. Itegekonshinga rya Nijeriya riharanira ubwisanzure mu idini [16] kandi rikaba rifite bamwe mu baturage b’abayisilamu n’abakirisitu benshi ku isi, icyarimwe. Nijeriya igabanijwemo kabiri hagati y’abayisilamu, baba mu majyaruguru n’abakristu, baba mu majyepfo; amadini y'abasangwabutaka, nk'aya kavukire yo mu bwoko bwa Igbo na Yoruba, ari mbarwa.

Nijeriya nimbaraga zo mukarere muri Afrika, imbaraga zo hagati mububanyi n’amahanga, kandi ni imbaraga zigaragara ku isi. Ubukungu bwa Nijeriya ni bunini muri Afurika, ku mwanya wa 25 ku isi ku musaruro rusange, na 25 muri PPP. Nijeriya bakunze kwita Igihangange cya Afurika bitewe n’abaturage benshi n’ubukungu [19] kandi ifatwa nkisoko rigenda ryiyongera na Banki yisi. Icyakora, igihugu kiri hasi cyane ku rutonde rw’iterambere ry’abantu kandi gikomeza kuba kimwe mu bihugu byononekaye cyane ku isi. [20] Nijeriya ni umunyamuryango washinze Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika kandi ni umunyamuryango w’imiryango mpuzamahanga, harimo Umuryango w’abibumbye, Umuryango w’ibihugu bigize Umuryango, NAM, [22] Umuryango w’ubukungu w’ibihugu bya Afurika y’iburengerazuba, na OPEC. Numunyamuryango witsinda rya MINT ridasanzwe ryibihugu kandi ni kimwe mubukungu bukurikira.

## References
Adamu

*Iy'ingingo iragaruka kunkuru ndetse no kwishusho rusange rya bibiliya. Kubindi bikoreshwa, Ukeneye ibisobanuro byimbitse ndetse no gusobanukirwa birushijeho, reba [[Adamu na Eva.]]*

Adamu ni ishusho mu gitabo cy'Itangiriro muri Bibiliya y'Igiheburayo, no muri Korowani no mu myizerere ya gikristo. Dukurikije imigani y'irema [1] y'amadini ya Aburahamu, niwe muntu wa mbere. Mu Itangiriro na Korowani, Adamu n'umugore we birukanwe mu busitani bwa Edeni bazira kurya imbuto z'igiti cy'ubumenyi bw'icyiza n'ikibi.

Uburyo butandukanye bwo kurema no gusobanura Bibiliya buvuga ko Adamu ari umuntu wamateka. Ibimenyetso bya siyansi ntibishyigikira igitekerezo cy'uko abantu bose bakomoka ku muntu umwe. 

Ijambo adam rikoreshwa kandi muri Bibiliya nk'izina, umuntu ku giti cye nk '"umuntu" kandi mu buryo rusange nk "abantu". Adamu wo muri Bibiliya (umuntu, abantu) yaremewe kuva adamah (isi), kandi Itangiriro 1-8 ryerekana uruhare runini rwubucuti hagati yabo, kuko Adamu yatandukanijwe nisi kubwo kutumvira kwe.

## Indanganturo (Reference)
Byahinduwe mu Kinyarwanda https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam
Ubuholandi

**Ubuholandi** cyangwa **Ubuhorandi**, **Nederilande** (izina mu kinyaholande : *Nederland* ) n’igihugu mu Burayi.umurwa mukuru w'ubuholandi ni Amsterdam
Afurika

**Afurika in Motion** ( **AiM** ) yariserukiramuco rya firime ngarukamwaka ryabereye muri Edinburgh, muri otcosse, mumpera z'Ukwakira / muntangiriro z'Ugushyingo. Integoyibanze yiriserukiramuco kwaruguha abitabiriye Scotland amahirwe yokureba ibyiza bya sinema nyafurika kuva kumugabane. AiM 2021 izaba ku nshuro ya 16 yerekana sinema nyafurika, ahazabera ahakorerwa cyane ni Sinema ya Sinema ya Edinburgh . Iri serukiramuco ryashinzwe mu 2006 na Lizelle Bisschoff, umushakashatsi womuri Afurika y'Epfo ukorera mu Bwongereza.    

## Gahunda
Gahunda ya AiM ikubiyemo sinema yomuri ikigihe ndetsenakera. Ibyiciro byinshi bya firime bikubiyemo,  ibiranga,firime ngufi, documentaire, animasiyo, Nollywood, iziteyubwoba nakazi ko kugerageza. Amenshi mu mafilime yerekanwe kuri AiM ntabwo yigeze yerekanwa muri Scotland, bityo iserukiramuco rero ritanga amahirwe kubateze amatwi bo muri Ecosse kureba film nyafurika. AiM 2008 yazengurutse imijyi myinshi yo mu Bwongereza, harimo Bristol, Cambridge, Cardiff, Derby, Dundee, Glasgow, Inverness, Manchester, Newcastle, Sheffield na Stirling . Kuvamu mwaka wa 2009, iriserukiramuco ryazengurutse kandi mu cyaro mumisozi miremire ya Scottish no mu birwa mu Gushyingo nyuma y'ibirori nyamukuru.  

AiM yakiriyamarushanwa ya firime ngufi yerekana ibikorwa byabakinnyi ba firime bakiribato  bakizamuka mur'Afurika, uwatsinzahabwa igihembo cyamafaranga. Kwerekana firime biherekejwe nibintu bitandukanye, birimibiganiro nyunguranabitekerezo, ibiganiro nyunguranabitekerezo, amahugurwa, ibitaramo bya muzika nyafurika, imurikagurisha, ibiganiro byo kuvuga inkuru n'ibindi.   

Abayobozi batumiwe muririserukiramuco harimo Jean-Marie Teno womuri Kameruni, Gaston Kaboré womuri Burkinafaso, na Afurika y'Epfo Richard Stanley . 

Mumwaka wa 2013, kunshuro yambere, iserukiramuco rya firime enye ninizo mu Bwongereza - Afurika muri Motion (AiM) i Edinburgh / Glasgow, Afurika Ijisho rya Bristol, Iserukiramuco rya Filimi rya Cambridge na Film Africa, London - ryunzubumwe kugirango risangire amafilime n'abakora amafilime murwego rwokuzana sinema zitandukanye zomuri Afurika zomuri ikigihe kubantu benshi mu Bwongereza. Ibirori byahurije hamwe kugirango bazenguruke igice cya firime nshya zamenyekanye cyane muri Afrika.  

## Amahuzanyandiko
* Igikomangoma Kevin I Nyerere

## Reba
Ubukirisitu

**Ubukirisitu** cyangwa **Ubukirisito** cyangwa **Kristendomu** (Bakristo)

Ubukirisitu ni imyemerere y'ibya Yezu Kirisitu cyangwa Yesu Kirisito. Uwemera ibyo akabikurikiza bamwita **umukirisitu**

## Amwe mu mateka y'ivuka ry'Abaporotesitanti mu Rwanda

Ubufatanye bw’itorero Peresibiteriyene mu Rwanda n’andi matorero ya gikirisito mu Rwanda.

Nk’uko byemezwa na twagirayesu na Butselaar, gushaka imibanire myiza n’andi matorero byatangiye n’ivuka ryayo mu 1907 nka kimwe mu biranga EPR. Kuri ibyo, abamisiyoneri bo muri Usambaro bagiranye umubano n’Abamisiyoneri Gatulika b’Abapadiri bera, Abamisiyoneri b’Ababirigi bagiranye umubano na *Church Missionary Society* (CMS) kimwe mubikorwa bari bahuriyeho ni uguhindura inyandiko ntagatifu mu rurimi rw’ikinyarwanda. Ubufatanye n’imibanire myiza hagati y’amatorero y’Abaporetesitanti mu Rwanda byatumye habaho Inama y’Abaporitesitanti mu Rwanda, Ishami ry’ivugabutumwa ry’abaporotesitanti riri i Butare, byatumye itorero peresibiteriyene rigira uruhare rufatika mu bikorwa byinshi biranga iryo huriro.

## 
* Ubugatolika
* Ubuporotesitanti
Abatutsi

**Abatutsi** ni ubwoko bwabanyafurika bubarizwa mugice cy'uburasirazuba , bukaba bwiganje mu Rwanda no mu Burundi, ariko buboneka no mu bindi 

bihugu bya Afurika yo hagati nka Uganda, Democratic Republic of Congo na Tanzaniya.

Abatutsi bivugwa ko aribo baje nyuma mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari. N’aborozi b’inka bakaba ari 21% abatuye u Rwanda n’Uburundi. Bagaragaraga nk’imfura bakaba banashoboye gutegeka akarere igihe kirekire bakanakundwa nabose ariko twebwe Abanyarwanda Ubu ibintu bijyanye namoko Ntabihari ubu twese turi abanyarwanda byumwihariko mukarere kacu ka ngororero byu mwihariko urubyiruko rwo muri akarere ka ngororero twahagurukiye kurwanya ingenga bitekerezo Binyuze muri gahunda ya Nd' Umunyarwanda

## Notes
  

## 
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Intore
Interahamwe

**Interahamwe** wari Umutwe w'urubyiruko rw' abahutu b'abahezanguni bari mu Ishyaka rya MRND mu Rwanda.  Mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, Interahamwe zishe abatutsi batavugaga rumwe nazo barenga miriyoni, Interahamwe zise abatutsi inyenzi n’inzoka. Bamwe mu bari bagize uyu mutwe baracyihisha mu mashyamba ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo ndetse no mu bindi bihugu bitandukanye ku isi, abandi batashye mu Rwanda baraburanishwa, bamwe barafungwa, abandi basubizwa mu buzima busanzwe.
Abadage

**Ni abaturage** b'Ubudage baba mugihugu cyitwa ubudage giherereye kumugabane wu burayi byumwihariko muburayi bwohagati , umuturage umwe wu budage yitwa umudage naho abadage benshi bitwa abadage

## 
* Jenoside y’Abayahudi
Ubudage

**Ubudage** (izina mu kidage : *Deutschland* cyangwa *Bundesrepublik Deutschland* ) n’igihugu mu Burayi. Umurwa mukuru w’Ubudage witwa Berlin.

Igihugu cyo mu Burayi bw’iburengerazuba. Ubudage ituwe n'abantu 82 175 684 birenga
Impunzi z'Abarundi mu Rwanda

### Impunzi z'Abarundi ku Mayaga muri Jenoside
Imyaka 31 irashize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ibaye ariko ibikomere byayo biracyavirirana mu mitima y'abagizwe ingaruka nayo, barimo abagishakisha ubutabera ku bayigizemo uruhare bose.

Mu bagifite ibikomere harimo imiryango yabuze abayo mu 1994 mu yahoze ari komine Ntyazo, ubu ni mu Mirenge ya Kibilizi na Muyira mu Karere ka Nyanza, ahazwi nka ku Mayaga.

Jenoside muri aka gace yakoranywe ubukana n'ubugime bukabije, igirwamo uruhare n'Interahamwe zo muri aka gace zitijwe umurindi n'Impunzi z'Abarundi zari zarahungiye ahitwa Ngoma mu Murenge wa Muyira. Kubera umujinya n'urwango bari bavanye iBurundi, ngo impunzi z'Abarundi zicaga urubozo Abatutsi bo ku Mayaga, zibakwena ko zishaka kureba niba bava amaraso cyangwa amata.

### Intandaro, urupfu rwa Ndadaye
Mu ukuboza 1993, uwari Perezida w'u Burundi Melchoir Ndadaye yishwe bunyamaswa n'igisirikare. Ni we wari Perezida wa mbere watowe n'abaturage mu mateka y'u Burundi. Urupfu rwa Ndadaye rwakurikiwe n'isubirannamo ry'amoko, ryatumye Abahutu benshi bahungira mu Rwanda.

### Ibikorwa by'impunzi z'Abarundi mugushyira mubikorwa umugambi wa Jenoside
Abarundi bahunganye umujinya, bavuga ko Nadaye yishwe n'Abatutsi bityo nabo ahao bazabonera akanya bazihorera.

Bageze mu Rwanda bagize amahirwe bahasanga umukwabu wo kugirira nabi Abatutsi bo mu Rwanda, nicyo cyatumye bagira ingufu nyinshi ngo bafashe za nterahamwe zo mu Rwanda. Ntabwo bihoreraga ku Batutsi b'ino kuko nta ruhare bagize iwa i Burundi ariko iryo zina Tutsi, kubera ibyabaye i Burundi, bagize bati natwe tubikore hano mu Rwanda.

Uretse muri Ntyazo, impunzi z'Abarundi zari muri Komine Ntongwe n Muganza muri Butare nazo zagize uruhare muri Jenocide yakorewe Abatutsi. Abo bo bavugwaho ubugome bukabije kuko baryaga imitima y'Abatutsi bamaze kwica.

Nubwo hari impunzi z'Abarndi  zari zarageze mu Rwanda mu 1993, zaje zihasanga izindi zahageze mu myaka ya 1972 na 1989. Impunzi zari zarahageze mbere zabaye nk'abaturage ku buryo zari zizi aho Abatutsi batuye. Izo nizo zifashishijwe muri Jenoside, zikajya zereka bene wabo aho Abatutsi batuye mu gihe babaga batari kumwe n'Interahamwe.

### Ingamba leta y'u Rwanda yafashe mu gukurikirana Impunzi z'Abarundi zagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi
Muri Kanama umwaka wa 2019, Minisitiri w'ubutabera yabwiye Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ko icyaha cya Jenoside kidasaza ko n'amadosiye y'Abarundi bakekwaho uruhare muri ayo mahano mu Rwanda yamaze gukorwa.

URwanda rwohereje impapuro zo guta muri yombi bamwe mu Barundi bakekwa, icyakora, Leta yagiye igaragaza ko byagiye bigenda biguru ntege kubera ubushake buke bwa Leta y'u Burundi.

## Amashakiro:
Ikidage

**Ikidage** ni ururimi rw'Abadage.

## Amagambo n'Interuro mu Kidage

* amakuru = Wie geht es dir / Was gibt's Neues?
* amakuru ni meza = Mir geht es gut / Uns beiden geht es gut (Mu bwinshi)
* Muraho / Wiriwe = Guten Tag
* ndagukunda = Ich liebe dich.
* urukundo = Lieben
* murakoze = Danke
* vuba = schnell
* bite = Wie gehts?
* kuririmba = singen
* kurya = essen
* icyayi = Tee
* amafaranga = Geld
* umudage = Deutscher
* ubudage = Deutschland
* Umugabo = ein Mann
* Umugore = eine Frau
* Umwana = ein Kind

## Wikipediya mu kidage
* http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Hauptseite
Burayi

Umugabane w’**Uburayi** ni umwe mu migabane igize isi.

## Urutonde rw’ibihugu
* Alubaniya
* Azeribayijani
* Andora
* Arumeniya
* Belarusi
* Bosiniya na Herizegovina
* Buligariya
* Cekiya
* Danimarike
* Esipanye
* Esitoniya
* Finilande
* Geworigiya
* Giburalitari
* Hongiriya
* Ibirwa bya Farowe
* Ikerene
* Ikigereki
* Irilande
* Isilande
* Kazakisitani
* Korowatiya
* Lativiya
* Lituwaniya
* Liyeshitensiteyine
* Lugizamburu
* Malita
* Masedoniya ya Ruguru
* Molidova
* Monako
* Montenegoro
* Mutagatifu Marino
* Nederilande
* Noruveje
* Ositiriya
* Polonye
* Porutigali
* Romaniya
* Seribiya
* Shipure
* Silovakiya
* Siloveniya
* Suwede
* Turukiya
* Ububiligi
* Ubudage
* Ubufaransa
* Uburusiya
* Ubusuwisi
* Ubutaliyani
* Ubwongereza
Nyiramakangaza ngo mutahe

Iki ni igisakuzo cyane cyane cy'abana bato: 

```
Usakuza: Sakwe Sakwe
Usubiza: Soma
Usakuza: Nyiramakangaza ngo mutahe
Igisubizo: Imbeho ku rugi
```
Idini Ryitwa Yezu Nyakuri

"**Idini ryitwa Yezu Nyakuri**" ni idini ryigenga ryashingiwe i Beyijingi (Beijing) mu Bushinwa mu mwaka w'1917. Riri mu rwego rw'amadini y'abaporoso b'abakirisitu yaje mu ntangiriro z'1900. Iri dini rifite uyu munsi abayoboke miliyoni imwe n'igice (miliyoni 1,5) mu isi yose. Imyizerere y'iri dini ishingiye kuri penekositi, ukwizera gutangwa n'umwuka wera. Iri dini ntabwo ryizihiza Noheli.
Kigali

Kigali ni umurwa mukuru w’u Rwanda. Uyu mujyi uherereye rwagati mu gihugu, ukaba ufite abaturage bagera kuri 1.095.000 (mu mwaka wa 2019). Kigali igizwe n’uturere dutatu ari two Gasabo, Kicukiro na Nyarugenge.Aho Nyarugenge ariyo nkingi nkuru ya kigali kuko niyo iyoboye mu byubucuruzi yaba imyenda ,ibiryo,ndetse n'ibikoresho bigiye bitandukanye yaba ibyikoranabuhanga ndetse nibindi bisanzwe byo mu rugo .

Niwo mujyi nkingi y’ubukungu n’umuco by’igihugu. Imihanda yose minini y’u Rwanda itangirira i Kigali, akaba ari ho nkingi y’ubwikorezi mu gihugu.

Ibiro bya za Ministeri zitandukanye n’ibya Perezida wa Repubulika biri muri uyu mujyi. Kigali kandi igizwe ahanini n’uduce tw’icyaro kuko 70% byawo ari uturere tw’icyaro.

## Amateka ya Kigali

Kigali yashinzwe mu 1907 mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw' Abadage (Ubudage) ushinzwe na Richard Kandt, ariko ntiwigeze uhinduka kapitali y'u Rwanda kugeza igihe ubukoloni bwarangiriye (indépendance) muri 1962 . Umurwa mukuru , akaba ari naho umwami yabaga muri icyo gihe wari Nyanza, ariko umugi mukuru w'abakoloni wari Butare, icyo gihe yitwaga Astrida. Butare yabonwaga nk'aho ari wo mujyi wahinduka kapitali y' u Rwanda rwigenga ariko Kigali iza guhitwamo kubera ukuntu iherereye hagati mu gihugu.
Guhera taliki ya 7 Mata, 1994, Kigali yabaye isibaniro rya Genocide cyangwa **Ethnic Cleasing**, aho abatutsi barenga miliyoni bishwe bazira ubwoko bwabo . N'ubwo umugi washenywe mu gihe cya kera, ubu urimo kwiyubaka ku ntambwe ishimishije.
Kigali ni umurwa mukuru w'u Rwanda kandi ni wo mujyi munini mu Rwanda washinzwe mu mwaka wa 1907 mu gihe cy'ubukoroni bw'abadage;hanyuma uza kuba umurwa mukuru igihe u Rwanda rwabonaga ubwigenge mu 1962. Kigali iri mu Burasirazuba bwo hagati bw'igihugu.Uyu mujyi ni wo mutima w'ubukungu, ubuyobozi n'umuco Nyarwanda. Kigali ikomeje gutera imbere mu bijyanye n'imyubakire igezweho ikoranabuhanga ndetse n'imiturire iteguwe neza bikayigira umwe mu mijyi igezweho kurusha indi muri Afurika yo hagati.

## Amashakiro
*
* 
* Living in Kigali
* Eating in Kigali
* Official Website of Kigali City
* Kigali – The Bustling And Vibrant City
* Kigali Map
* Most popular Rwanda Ads website
Ikinyobwa

**Ikinyobwa**: amata, ikivuguto, amazi, inkyeri, icyayi, ikawa, umutobe w'imbuto, coca

## Amazi

amazi ni ingezi mubuzima bwumuntu bwa burimunsi kuko atuma umubiri urushaho

guhumeka wayakoresha woga, ufura, uteka, uyanywa Ndetse n'ibindi . 

## Imiyoboro
Umutobe w’imbuto

**Umutobe w’[[imbuto]]**

Imitobe y’imbuto, niba usanzwe unywa imitobe y’imbuto gerageza kuyifungura kugirango ugabanye isukari nyinshi; nyuma y’icyumweru uzaba umaze kumenyera uburyohe butarengereye.
Umunyu

**Umunyu**

Imyunyu ngugu kimwe na za vitamini ni ingenzi ku buzima bw’umuntu. Imyunyu ngugu yihariye 4% by’uburemere bw’umubiri w’umuntu. Imwe muri yo igomba kuboneka buri munsi kandi ku rugero ruhagije. Aho twavuga nka sodiyumu (umunyu), potasiyumu, kalisiyumu, feri, manyeziyumu na fosifori . 

Nk’uko aya makuru akomeza abivuga ngo ubusanzwe umubiri ukenera umunyu kugira ngo ugire uruhare mu kuringaniza ubwinshi bw’amazi mu mubiri (*régulation de l’eau*).

Umubiri wongera kandi gukenera umunyu mu mikorere y’imyakura no mu mikorerere myiza y’inzira zijyana ubutumwa ku bwonko. Aha gatatu umunyu wongera gukenerwa mu mubiri ni mu mikorere myiza y’inyama zitwikiriye amagufwa. Umunyu wo mu gikoni uba ugizwe n’umunyu ngugu wa sodiyumu (Na+) n’uwa *chlore* (Cl-).

Aya makuru kandi avuga ko ubwinshi bw’umunyu ngugu wa sodiyumu bushobora guteza ibibazo bitari bike mu mubiri. Aha bavuga ko iyo ukabije kuba mwinshi ushobora gutuma habaho ubwiyonegre bw’umuvuduko w’amaraso mu buryo butunguranye kandi ukaba wanakwangiza impyiko mu gihe ukabije kuba mwinshi.

Uyu munyu kandi mu gihe uhuye n’amazi bikagera ku mubiri bishobora kwangiza uruhu. Aha bavuga ko bikunze kubaho mu gihe umunyu uhuye n’icyuya cyabaye amazi. Iyi mvange kandi yangiza amaso, ariko mu gihe kitari kinini.

Iyi myunyu kandi mu gihe igeze mu myanya y’ubuhumekero ishobora kuyangiza rimwe na rimwe igatera inkorora cyangwa guhumeka nabi. Aha bavuga ko ari bibi cyane ko umunyu wagera mu maso kuko ushobora gutera ubuhumyi buhoraho.
Umuneke

**Umuneke** (mu bwinshi: **Imineke) mu** izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini *Musa*),

ni urubuto ruva ku gitoki kuko rwabitswe igihe runaka rugahindura ibara ryari icyatsikibisi rigahinduka umuhondo. Umuneke uboneka mu birinda indwara. 

umutobe nkikinyobwa abantu banywa kandi rukanaribwa ari urubuto .

## SOBANUKIRWA AKAMARO K'UMUNEKE
Abantu benshi bakunda kugura imbuto bavuga ko umuneke uryoha cyane, tukaba tugiye kureba umumaro wo kurya umuneke nibura rimwe ku munsi.

UMUNEKE UFASHA KUGABANYA AGAHINDA GAKABIJE:

Agahinda gakabije gaterwa na"***serotonim***" iba yabaye nyinshi mu bwonko, mu mineke habamo *"*'tryptophan**'" ibasha kugabanya cyangwa gukuraho agahinda gakabije.

KURYA UMUNEKE BITUMA AMAGUFWA AMERERWA NEZA;

Intungamubiri ziboneka mu muneke zubaka amagufa ndetse zikayakomeza.kuburyo atavunagurika uko yiboneye kose.

IFASHA UBWONKO GUKORA NEZA;

Imineke ikungahaye kuri potasiun na magnesium, iyo myunyu ngugu ifasha ubwonko kugira icyerekezo kizima no gukora neza.

KURYA IMINEKE BIFASHA MU KUGABANYA IBIRO;

Kubantu bashaka kugabanya ibiro imineke ni amahitamo meza cyane kuko ifasha mu gushongesha ibinure bityo hehe no guhura numubyibuho ukabije.https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/sobanukirwa-akamaro-ko-kurya-umuneke-buri-munsi
Nta mugabo umwe

**Nta mugabo umwe** (izina mu kilatini *Unus testis, nullus testis* )

Umugani w'umugenurano uvugwa bashaka kwerekana ko abantu bagomba gufatanya cyangwa gushyira hamwe ngo bagere ku kintu cy'ingenzi.

Mu gushyigikira ingingo zimwe zivugwa mu Nyandiko y’ibirego, Urugereko rwasanze  rwarashyikirijwe ubuhamya bw’umugabo umwe, noneho havuka ikibazo cyo kumenya niba imvugo izwi cyane mu miryango remezo y’amategeko nshinjabyaha akomoka ku baromani n’abanyaburayi, ariyo *Unus testis, nullus testis* (Nta mugabo umwe) yakurikizwa. Iyo mvugo isobanura ko kugira ngo ubuhamya bw’umugabo umwe bushobore kwemerwa, bugomba kugira ikindi kibushyigikira.
Umusozi

**Umusozi**

## Imisozi y’u Rwanda
* 
*Umusozi wa Gitwa
* Umusozi wa Huye
* Umusozi wa Kabatwa
* Umusozi wa Karisimbi
* Umusozi wa Matiritiri
* Umusozi wa Munagana
* Umusozi wa Murambi
* Umusozi wa Nyabihu
* Umusozi wa Ruheru
* Umusozi wa Ryamondi
* Umusozi wa Rebero (1809m)
* Umusozi wa Kigali 
* Umusozi wa Rebero (1809m)
* Umusozi wa Kigali (1856m)
* Umusozi wa Jali (2042m) 
* Umusozi wa Shyorongi (1737 m)

## Imisozi y’Amahanga
* Imisozi ya Ararati cyangwa Umusozi wa Ararati (5165m)
* Umusozi wa Arafat
* Umusozi wa Sinayi
* Umusozi wa Siyoni
Ihene

**Ihene** (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini *Capra aegagrus hircus*) ni itungo.

Amata yayo bayita **amahenehene.** 

Aha bavuga ko ihene ishobora kurisha ibyatsi byinshi bitandukanye mu gihe kimwe. Uko kurisha mu rwuri ihene irisha ibyatsi bitandukanye, bityo zikaba zishobora no kurya imwe mu mirama y’ibiti yatakaye ku butaka bikaza kuzita mu mahurunguru. Izo mbuto zaciye mu nda y’ihene zihakura ubushobozi bwo guhita zimera mu butaka zihuye nabwo.

Mu gihe biriwe n’amatungo cyane cyane bikiri bito ntibiba bigisakaje utubuto twabyo, dutuma bihora bizamuka mu murima mbere y’uko icyo gihingwa kizamuka. Aha basanga ihene ari ingenzi mu kugabanya ibyo byatsi, kandi ahanini usanga zo zibishobora kurusha andi matungo akenshi.

 

## Amoko y' ihene
* Ihene y’Ankara

## Mu Rwanda
**Ubworozi bw’ihene** bugamije ahanini kongera umusaruro w’inyama. Mu mwaka wa 2003 niho hatangijwe igikorwa cyo kuzana mu Rwanda amasekurume y’ihene z’ubwoko bwa Boer, zivuye mu gihugu cy’Afurika y’epfo, hagamijwe kuvugurura ubwoko bw’ihene busanzwe bw’i Nyarwanda. Ubu tukaba tumaze kugeza mu Rwanda amasekurume 697. Ifoto iri kuri page ikurikira irerekana ubwo bwoko n’amasekurume yamaze kugera mu Rwanda hagati ya 2003 na 2008.

## Isi

## Notes
 

## Imiyoboro
* Kugaburira ihene zikamwa
* Indwara zihene ikamwa
Ubwongereza

**Ubwongereza** (izina mu cyongereza : *United Kingdom* cyangwa *United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland* ) n’igihugu cu Burayi. Ubwongereza (UK) bugizwe n'ibihugu cg intara zigenga enye: England, Scotland, Wales na Northern Ireland. Umurwa mukuru w'Ubwongereza ni London. Imijyi yo mu Ubwongereza ni Manchester, Liverpool n'ibindi. Ifaranga rikoreshwa mu bwongereza ni 'Pound'.

Ubwongereza ituwe n'abantu 65 648 000 birenga (2016). Umwami w'Ubwongereza uriho ubu ni Tristan wa mbere.
Ubushinwa

**Ubushinwa** (igishinwa : 中国), cyangwa **Repubulika ya Rubanda y’Ubushinwa** (igishinwa : 中华人民共和国), ni igihugu muri Aziya.
Ubufaransa

**Ubufaransa** (izina mu gifaransa : *France* cyangwa *République française "Repubulika y'Ubufaransa"*) n’igihugu gifite igice kinini cy'ubutaka mu Burayi. Ubufaransa n'igihugu kinini cyane mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i Burayi. Hanze y'Uburayi, Repubulika y'Ubufaransa ifite uturere twinshi, muri byo Guyane française, Antilles françaises, Mayotte na la Réunion. Umurwa mukuru w’Ubufaransa witwa Paris. Ubufaransa ituwe n'abantu 67 595 000 birenga (2016).  Perezida w'Ubufaransa, kuva 2017 kugeza none, ni Emmanuel Macron. Ubufaransa buri mu miryango mpuzamahanga myinshi. Ni umwe mu bigize umutwe utaziguye w’Inama y’Umutekano y'Umuryango w'Abibumye.

Ururimi rw'Ubufaransa n'igifaransa. 

Itegeko nshinga ry'Ubufaransa n'Itegeko rya Repubulika ya Gatanu ya 4 Kwakira 1958.
Ubuhinde

**Ubuhinde** cyanghwa **Ubuhindi** (izina mu gihindi: **भारत गणराज्य** ) n’igihugu muri Aziya.
Miryango

Umuryango wawe ni abantu cg  ibindi binyabuzima mufitanye  cg bifitanye isano rya hafi.  umuryango ni ubumwe bugizwe n'ababyeyi n'abana . Uwo mwashakanye, abana bawe, ababyeyi bawe n'abo muvukana nabo bagize umuryango wawe. Abandi bantu mufitanye isano ku ruhande rw'ababyeyi bombi nabo bashobora kubarirwa mu muryango, umuryango ni igice cy'ibanze cya buri sosiyete.

## Ibiranga umuryango

### 1. Umubano uhamye
Umubano niryo shingiro ry'umuryango,ushobora kuba ushingiye kukuba abantu barashakanye by'ubuziraherezo cyangwa by'igihe gito ariko bafitanye umubano n'ubumwe bwihariye.

### 2. Ugushyingiranwa
Gushyingiranwa ni ishingiro ryo gukora umuryango, umuntu ashobora  gushyingiranwa n'umuntu umwe cyangwa benshi ariko bikaba urufatiro rwo kubaka umuryango.
 

### 3. Kwita amazina
Buri muryango ugira uko wita amazina abawukomokamo bigafasha no kumenya uko ibisekuruza bigenda bikurikirana.

### 4. Ubuturo rusange
Umuryango ugira aho baba, aho bahurira bose hakitwa mu rugo, aho gutura ni ingenzi cyane kugirango abahakomoka bitabweho kandi bahabwe indangagaciro z'umuryango.

Amashakiro
Curitiba

]

**Curitiba** [kuɾi'tʃibɐ] ni umujyi w'u Burezile.

## Links

* https://web.archive.org/web/20140626034932/http://www.curitiba.pr.gov.br/ 
* http://www.curitiba-brazil.com 
* Commons:Curitiba
Ububiligi

**Ububiligi** cyangwa **Ububirigi** , **Igihugu cy’Ububirigi** (izina mu kinyaholande : *Koninkrijk België* ; izina mu gifaransa : *Royaume de Belgique* ; izina mu kidage : *Königreich Belgien* ) n’igihugu mu Burayi. Umurwa mukuru w’u Ububiligi witwa Buruseli. Ububiligi ituwe n'abantu 11 507 163  birenga (2021).  

## 
* Kongo mbiligi
Pasteur Bizimungu

**Pasteur Bizimungu** (1950 &ndash; ), Perezida wa 5 (19 Nyakanga 1994 &ndash;  23 Werurwe 2000) wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda. Nyuma yo kuva kubutegetsi yahise afungwa nyuma yo guhabwa imbabazi na leta y'u Rwanda iyobowe na perezida Paul Kagame ntawongeye ku menya amakuru ye ubu nitangaza makuru mu Rwanda nta narimwe rigira icyo ri muvugaho yibera iwe igikondo uwazaturusha amakuru kubihereranye nawe yazayatubwira.
Esipanye

**Esipanye** cyangwa **Hisipaniya** (izina mu cyesipanyole: *España* cyangwa *Reino de España*) n’igihugu i Burayi. Umurwa mukuru w’Esipanye ni Madrid. Ururimi ruvugwa muri icyo gihugu ni cyesipanyole. Esipanye iherereye n'ibihugu by'Ubufaransa mu majyaruguru na Porutigali i burengerazuba n'inyanja ya Mediteraneya mu majyepfo n'i burasirazuba. Ifaranga rikoreshwa aho, nko mu bihugu byinshi by'i Burayi ni iyero (€). Ni igihugu gisurwa n'abakerarugendo benshi, cyane cyane i Malaga, Bariselone na Valencia. Esipanye ituwe n'abantu 47 007 367 birenga (2018), batuye kubuso bwa km² 

505,990.
Ururabo rw’umugati

Ubwoko **Ururabo rw’umugati** (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini *Artocarpus*) ruboneka mu moko arenga 60 y’icyatsi kibisi buboneka ahantu hashyushye mu muryango wa Morase (izina mu kilatini *Moraceae*; bitanga imbuto ziribwa zifite intete nyinshi mo imbere). Biboneka muri Aziya y’Amajyepfo y’iburasirazuba no mu birwa by’inyanja ya Pasifika. Ubundi bwoko nka *Artocarpus altilis* (Urubuto rw’umugati), *Artocarpus integer* (Cempedak), *Artocarpus heterophyllus]* (Urubuto rwa Yakobo) n’ *Artocarpus odoratissimus* (Marang) nabyo ni ibinyamuryango by’urubuto rw’umugati.

## References
*Urubuto rw’umugati Artocarpus odoratissimus, Marang
Igiti cy’Ubuhinde

**Igiti cy’Ubuhinde** (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini *Millettia pinnata , Pongamia pinnata* ), ni igiti gitakaza amababi mu gihe cy’urugaryi, kikagira uburebure buri hagati ye metero 15 kugeza kuri 25, gisa n’ibiti byo mu muryango w’amafabase (*Fabaceae*). Kigira hejuru hanini n’indabyo ntoya z’umweru, igitaka cyangwa ikigina. Gikomoka mu Buhinde, ariko kigahingwa muri Aziya y’Amajyapfo y’uburasirazuba. 

## Amafoto

File:Pongamia pinnata (Karanj) near Hyderabad W IMG_7634.jpg|*Pongamia Pinnata*, Ubuhinde.
File:Pongamia pinnata (Karanj) near Hyderabad W IMG_7631.jpg|*Pongamia Pinnata*, Ubuhinde.
Image:Karanj (Pongamia pinnata) leaves in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 6663.jpg|*Pongamia Pinnata*, Ubuhinde.
Image:Karanj (Pongamia pinnata) trunk in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 6660.jpg|*Pongamia Pinnata*, Ubuhinde.
Image:DerrisPinnataFl.jpg|*Pongamia Pinnata*, Ubuhinde.
Image:DerrisPinnata.jpg|*Pongamia Pinnata*, Ubuhinde.
File:Karanj (Pongamia pinnata) in Hyderabad W IMG 7115.jpg|*Pongamia Pinnata*, Ubuhinde.
File:Pongamia pinnata (Karanj) near Hyderabad W IMG_7629.jpg|*Pongamia Pinnata*, Ubuhinde.


## Notes
ISO 3166-1

Urutonde rw’ibihugu ISO 3166-1





* **AN** Antiye za Nederilande
* **KO** Kosovo
* **TB** Tibeti
* **ZR** Zayire
Siloveniya

**Siloveniya** (izina mu kinyasiloveniya : *Slovenija* cyangwa *Republika Slovenija* ) n’igihugu mu Burayi.
Cekiya

**Cekiya** (izina mu giceke: *Česko* cyangwa *Česká republika*) n’igihugu muri Uburayi. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 10,610,947 (2016), batuye kubuso bwa km² 78,866. Umurwa mukuru wa Cekiya witwa Praha.
Bulugariya

**Buligariya** cyangwa **Bulugariya** (izina mu kibulugariya: *България* cyangwa *Република България*) n’igihugu muri Uburayi. Umurwa mukuru wa Buligariya witwa Sofiya. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 7,101,859 (2016), batuye kubuso bwa km² 110,994.
Finilande

**Finilande** (izina mu gifinilande: *Suomi*; izina mu kinyasuwede: *Finland*) n’igihugu cy'amajyaruguru muri Uburayi. Umurwa mukuru wa Finilande witwa Helsinki.
Esitoniya

**Esitoniya** (izina mu cyesitoniya na kivoro: *Eesti* cyangwa *Eesti Vabariik*) n’igihugu mu Burayi. Esitoniya ituwe n'abantu 1.318.705 birenga (2018). Umurwa mukuru w'Esitoniya witwa Tallinn.
Danimarike

**Danimarike** n’igihugu muri Uburayi. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 5,748,769 (2017), batuye kubuso bwa km² 42,931.
Ubugereki

**Ubugereki** cyangwa **Ubugiriki** (izina mu kigereki: *Ελλάδα* cyangwa *Ελληνική Δημοκρατία*) n’igihugu mu Burayi. Ubugereki ituwe n'abantu 10 955 000 birenga (2015). Umurwa mukuru w’Ubugereki witwa Athina.
Ikimera

**Ikimera** ni ikinyabuzima kivuka, kigakura, kikabaho igihe runaka cy'ubuzima, kigahumeka ari nako kirya nyuma y'igihe runaka kigapfa.  (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini *Plantae*) ni ikimera kizima, igice cyacyo, umurama cyangwa igice gituma cyororoka.http://197.243.22.137/nyaruguru/index.php?id=38&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=800&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=1ac2be0225b3bd105aa042c820ca4752

Ikimera kigira ibice b'ingenzi bikurikira: 

1.Imizi: ni igice cy'ingenzi ku kimera kuko ari cyo kigaburira ibice byose by'ikimera.

2.Igihimba (uruti): ni igice gituruka hejuru y'ubutaka kugeza aho gitangirira kugaba amashami.Igihimba kigira umumaro wo gutwara cyangwa kwikorera uburemere bwose bw'ikimera.Ni nacyo kandi gifatiyeho ibice byose by'ikimera.

3.Amababi: ni ibice by'ingenzi ku

## Mu Rwanda

U Rwanda rucumbikiye ibimera by’amoko menshi anyuranye kubera urusobe rw’imiterere y’igihugu n’urw’ikirere ruhanitse kuva mu Burengerazuba kugera mu Burasirazuba. Ibimera bito bizamura amazi mu miheha yabyo (plantes vasculaires) bibarirwa hafi mu moko 3000 aturuka mu turere dutandukanye bitewe n’imiterere nyabuzima y’ahantu.http://197.243.22.137/nyaruguru/index.php?id=38&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=800&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=1ac2be0225b3bd105aa042c820ca4752

Amoko hafi 280 y’ibimera bigira uburabyo bituruka mu Rwanda abonwa nk’akomoka muri Albertine Rift. Muri ayo moko kimeza, hafi 20 yihariwe n’u Rwanda, amoko 50 aboneka gusa mu Rwanda no muri Kongo y’Uburasirazuba ,naho amoko 20 yabonetse gusa mu Rwanda no mu Burundi.

#### Andi makuru kubijyanye n'ibiti

### External Links
http://197.243.22.137/nyaruguru/index.php?id=38&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=800&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=1ac2be0225b3bd105aa042c820ca4752
Grégoire Kayibanda

**Gregoire Kayibanda** (1 Gicurasi 1924 – 15 Ukuboza 1976), wafashe ubutegetsi ku itariki ya 26 Ukwakira 1961 ni Perezida wa 2 Ukwakira 1961 &ndash;  5 Nyakanga 1973) w’u Rwanda kuva rwabona ubwigenge yakuwe mu butegetsi kugeza akuwe ku butegetsi Kuri Juvénal Habyarimana. 
 
## Imyaka yo hambere hamwe n'uburere
Grégoire Kayibanda yavukiye i Tara, mu Rwanda. Yaturutse mu majyepfo y’igihugu kandi akomoka mu bwoko bw’Abahutu.

## Guverinoma

Abenshi mu bahutu bari bamaze igihe kinini banga ubutegetsi buri mu maboko ya rubanda rugufi. Abunganira Abahutu bashishikarijwe na Kiliziya Gatolika , hamwe n'Ababiligi b'Ababirigi (barushagaho kugira uruhare muri Kongo). Inshingano z'umuryango w’abibumbye, itsinda ry’abatutsi n’abatuye mu Bubiligi zagize uruhare mu mvururu ziyongera mu mibereho no muri politiki. Gregoire Kayibanda, Umuhutu wo mu bwoko, yayoboye umutwe w'Abahutu. Yashinze ishyaka rya politiki rya Parmehutu ( *Parti du Mouvement de l'Emancipation Hutu* ; Ishyaka rya *Emancipation* Movement Party), yandika "Manifeste y'Abahutu" mu 1957. Itsinda ryahise riba igisirikare.

Mu gusubiza, mu 1959 yashinze ishyaka ry’abatutsi UNAR, rigizwe n’abashakaga ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda n’Uburundi bushingiye ku bwami buriho. Iri tsinda naryo ryahise rihinduka igisirikare. Intonganya zatangiye hagati ya UNAR na Parmehutu. Kwiyamamaza kwa Kayibanda kwagejeje ku bahutu ku butegetsi bwa mbere mu Rwanda.

Kayibanda yari Perezida w'u Rwanda kuva 1962 kugeza ku ya 5 Nyakanga 1973, ubwo yahirikwaga na Minisitiri w’ingabo, Jenerali Juvénal Habyarimana mu butegetsi bwa gisirikare. N'ubwo bivugwa ko nta maraso afite, biturutse ku guhirika ubutegetsi, bivugwa ko abantu 55, cyane cyane abakozi ba Leta, abanyamategeko cyangwa abacuruzi bafitanye isano n'ubutegetsi bwabanje, bishwe. Imiryango yabantu yakiriye amafaranga yo kwishyura guceceka kwabo. Guverinoma nshya yafunze Kayibanda n'umugore we ahantu hihishe (bivugwa ko ari inzu hafi ya Kabgayi), aho bivugwa ko bishwe n'inzara.
Ikigereki

**Ikigereki** cyangwa **Ikigiriki** (izina mu kigereki : *ελληνική γλώσσα* ) ni ururimi rw’Ubugereki na Shipure. Itegekongenga ISO 639-3 **ell** (indimi: grc, pnt,...).

## Alfabeti y’kigereki
Igifero kigizwe n’inyuguti 24 : α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ ο π ρ σ (ς) τ υ φ χ ψ ω
:inyajwi 7 : α ε η ι ο υ ω
:indagi 17 : β γ δ ζ θ κ λ μ ν ξ π ρ σ (ς) τ φ χ ψ 





## Amagambo n’interuro mu kigereki

* **Χαίρεται** – Muraho
* **Πώς είστε;** – Amakuru? 
* **Πολύ καλά** – Ni meza 
* **Ναι** – Yego
* **Όχι** – Oya
* **Με λένε ... ** – Nitwa ...
* **άνθρωπος** – umuntu
* **άνδρας** – umugabo 
* **γυναίκα** – umugore 
* **ζώο** – inyamaswa
* **φυτό** cyangwa **φυτεύω** – ikimera
* **σκύλος** – imbwa
* **πουλί** – inyoni
* **ψάρι** – ifi
* **γάτα** – ipusi
* **φίδι** – inzoka
* **άλογο** – ifarashi
* **κότα** – inkoko
* **δέντρο** – igiti
* **καρπός** – imbuto

## Imibare
* **ἒνα** cyangwa **ένα** – rimwe
* **δύο** – kabiri
* **τρία** – gatatu
* **τέσσερα** – kane
* **πέντε** – gatanu
* **ἓξι** cyangwa **έξι** – gatandatu
* **ἑπτά** cyangwa **εφτά** – karindwi
* **ὀκτώ** cyangwa **οχτώ** – umunani
* **ἐννέα** cyangwa **εννιά** – icyenda
* **δέκα** – icyumi
Intare

**Intare** (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini *Panthera leo*) ni inyamaswa ikaze, ikaba ikunzwe guhabwa akabyiniriro ko kuba umwami w'ishyamba.
Inguge

**Inguge**

Dore amwe mu moko y’inguge ziri muri Pariki ya Nyungwe: icyondi (*Cercopithecus lhoesti*), igihinyage, inkomo (*Colobus angolensis ruwenzori*), inkima (*Cercopithecus mitis doggetti & kandti* ), inyenzi, impundu (*Pan troglodytes schweinfurtii*).

## Amoko
* *Cercopithecus aethiops * (inkendi)
* *Cercopithecus albigena johnostonii* (igishabaga)
* *Cercopithecus ascanius schmidti* (umukunga)
* *Cercopithecus hamlyni* (igihinyage)
* *Cercopithecus lhoesti* (icyondi)
* *Cercopithecus mitis doggetti* & *kandti* (inkima)
* *Colobus angolensis adolfi-friederici* (inkomo)
* *Gorilla gorilla beringei* (ingagi)
* *Pan troglodytes schweinfurtii* (impundu)
* *Papio anubis* (inkoto)
Umuvumu

**Umuvumu** cyangwa **Igitoma** , **Gas****uru** (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini  *Ficus thonningii*) ni igiti n’urubuto mukarere kacu ka Rwamagana igiti cyumuvumu gikoresha mukubazwamo imivure bakoresha Benga ibitoki doreko hari imirenge yeza ibitoki bigatuma bakenera imivure yokubyengamo.  Abantu bavugako urwagwa rwenzwe mumuvure ruryoha cyane.. 

## Intangiriro
Umuvumu ni igiti cyari gifite byinshi kivuze mu myumvire y’abanyarwanda. Hari ahantu mu Rwanda uzasanga bita, cyangwa bitaga, ku Mana. Bene aha hakunze kuba akenshi hateye cyangwa harahoze igiti cy’umuvumu. Waruvumu na Rumana ni bimwe mu biti bisigaye byihariye aya mateka bigihagaze. Aho biri naho bamwe bahita ku Mana.

## Abakurambere
Kera ku ngoma za cyami hari ubwo hateraga ibyorezo, nk’izuba rigatera amapfa cyangwa udusimba tukaduka tukangiza imyaka, abanyamahanga bateye u Rwanda, indwara idasanzwe cyangwa ikindi cyose cyahungabanyaga u Rwanda n’abanyarwanda. Hari imihango yakorwaga mu kumenya intsinzi (umuti) yabyo.

## Hambere
Abaraguzi n’abapfumu bizewe bifashishaga amatungo nk’intama, inkoko na cyane cyane ikimasa, itungo bakaribaga barishakamo intsinzi. Iyo iri tungo ryeraga (ryagaragazaga intsinzi), ibisigazwa by’iryo tungo ntabwo byaribwaga, babitabikaga ahantu bakahatera igiti cy’umuvumu kitagomba kuzatemwa, aha hantu hakitwa ‘ku Mana’. Byari umuco, byari imigenzo ya ba sogokuru bacu, byari ukuri muri icyo gihe.

## Ibiti
Akateye kambuye u Rwanda byose, ibyakorwaga byitwa ibipagani, kuragura biracika himikwa Yesu/Yezu n’intumwa y’imana Muhammad (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) ibiti byo ku Mana biratemwa, amateka aracika. Bicye mu bisigaye harimo ibiti byitwa Waruvumu na Rumana biri mu murenge wa Mamba mu karere ka Gisagara. Abatuye aha baracyubaha ibi biti ntibashobora kubitema. Ibi biti bibiri biri ahahoze hitwa mu “Buhanga Ndara” agace kari kagize ahari ubu imirenge ya Mamba na Gikonko muri Gisagara, cyera baravugaga ngo ni “*Mu Buhanga ahaba abahanga*”. Iyo witegereje ibi biti aho biri usanga harahoze ibindi biti byinshi ariko barabitemaguye. Waruvumu na Rumana byo ntibikorwaho kandi bihora bitoshye. Abatuye aha bavuga ko ari ibiti ndangamateka batakoraho.
Inkoko

**Inkoko** (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini  *Gallus gallus domesticus*) ni itungo.

**Isake** (ubuke: **Amasake**) = inkoko y’igitsina gabo.

**Inkoko z’amagi**

**Inyama y’inkoko**
## Mu Rwanda
**[[Ubworozi bw’inkoko]]** bugamije kongera inyama n’amagi. Kubera indwara y’ibicurane by’ibiguruka, ituragiro rya Rubirizi, ari naryo ritanga icyororo cy’inkoko mu Rwanda ryafunzwe kuva muri 2006 kugeza mu mpera za 2007. Mu ntangiro za 2008 niho iryo turagiro rya Rubirizi ryongeye gufungura no kuzana imishwi iturutse mu mahanga, yo korora no kuvanaho icyororo cy’inkoko z’amagi n’inyama. Uyu mwaka wagiye kurangira aborozi b’inkoko bamaze kugezwaho imishwi 46,048 y’ubwoko bw’inkoko zitera amagi n’izitanga inyama.

N’ubwo ituragiro ryari rifunze, aborozi b’inkoko bakomeje gutumiza imishwi hanze y’igihugu (Uganda, Kenya) ku buryo muri 2008 hatumijwe imishwi 329,000 n’amagi 1,200,000. Umusaruro ukaba utangiye kongera kugaragara ku isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu.

## [[Imigani migufi y’Ikinyarwanda|Imigani migufi]]
*Nta nkokokazi ibika isake ihari.

## 
*Amagi
*Indwara z’inkoko

## Notes
Umugati

**Umugati**

Mbere yo gutangira ibiryo uramutse uriye umugati, ukawuhekenya neza byagabanya inzara wari ufite bigatuma urya bike.
Inyama

**Inyama**

Ubushakashatsi bunyuranye bumaze gukorwa bumaze kwerekana ko inyama zifite uruhare runini mu gutera kanseri : yo mu bwonko, ibihaha, igifu, impyiko, uruhago, nyababyeyi, imiyobora ntanga, prostate, n’izindi zitavuzwe. Umuntu uriye ikilo 1 cy’inyama zokeje aba yinjije benzopirene itera kanseri ingana n’iy’umuntu wanyoye imiti 600 y’itabi (*cigarettes*) kandi kanseri ikomoka mu nyama yongerwa n’uko zatetswe cyane no kotswa, rero umuntu ategewe hose.Icyiza ni ugukoresha ibimera birimo :imboga ,imbuto ibinyampeke n'ibinyamisongwe n'ibindi tutarondoye kuko aribyo bifasha umubiri bikawongerera ibivumbikisho kandi ugakunda kunywa amazi nibura ibirahuri 6-8 ku munsi. 

## Amoko
* Inyama y'inka
* inyama y’ihene
* inyama y’intama
* inyama y’ingurube
* inyama y’inkoko

## Reba
Urufunzo

## Ubusobanuro Sapium

Urufunzo ni bumwe mu ikoresho abakurambere b’Abanyarwanda bari bafite ubwo bacyeneraga kubaka, ubumenyi bari bafite buhambaye mu bikorwa bitandukanye,  Bimwe muri byo bigaragarira mu bwubatsi; Guhera mu kurambagiza ikibanza, ibikoresho byifashishwaga, ibipimo mu gusiza, ibice bitandukanye bahaga inzu, isuku n’imitako byose byitabwagaho mu buryo bwihariye n'urukangaga mu gusakara.

## urukangaga
Urufunzo ubundi turusanga mugishanga, Urufunzo rukora ibintu byinshi nko kuboha imisambi cyangwa imice, Urufunzo rwifashishaga kandi mu bwubatsi bwa gakondo basakazaga ubwatsi ndetse Bifashishaga umukenke, uruguhu, ishinge cyangwa urukangaga. Imigozi yabaga ari imihotore, imivumu, imika cyangwa ibirere.

## Amashakiro
Igiti

**Igiti** (Ubwinshi: **Ibiti**) kiri mu muryango w’ibinyabuzima. Kiramera, kigakura, kikaba cyarabya, cyakwera imbuto, hanyuma kikazasaza. Icyakora ntigishobora kwiyimura aho kiri.

Igiti kigizwe n’imizi, n’igihimba, n’amashami, n’amababi, n’indabyo zibyara imbuto. Imizi ifatisha igiti mu butaka, ikabuvanamo ibigitunga. Igihimba gitangirira ku butaka kigakura kijya hejuru. Igiti gihumekera mu mababi. Aho ibiti biri ari byinshi bahita ishyamba. Bavuga ko amashyamba akurura imvura akanarwanya isuli.

## Akamaro k'igiti
Ibiti bigira akamaro kenshi: hari ibyera imbuto: nk’amacunga, amapapayi, indimu, amatunda, marakuja, za avoka, imyembe n’ibindi byinshi. Hari n’ibyubakishwa amazu n'amateme; hakaba n’ibisaturwamo imbaho, zikabazwamo ibikoresho by’amoko menshi, hakaba n’ibicanwa. Hari n'ibiti bitanga igicucu kuburyo abagenzi bashobora kwikinga izuba baruhuka bamara gutora akabaraga bagakomeza urugendo.

## Imiyoboro
Isukari

## '''Isukari'''

*Abantu benshi n’imbuga za interineti zitandukanye zitangaza ko gufata isukari ku rugero ruringaniye ari byo byiza kuko isukari nyinshi mu mubiri itera uburwayi.*

Inyinshi muri izi mbuga zitangaza ko ibyo kurya byose umuntu afashe, umubiri uhita ubihindura nk’isukari hatitawe ku bwoko bw’ibiryo wafashe.

Isukari itandukanye n’ibindi biribwa nk’inyama, imbuto, imboga kuko byo bifite intungamubiri, imyunyu ngugu na aside ; isukari yo ikaba itabifite kandi aribyo bifasha mu igogorwa (digestion) ndetse no kunyunyuza ibifitiye umubiri akamaro. Ibi bikaba byatera ikibazo umuntu wabifashe ku rugero rurenze kugira ingaruka.

## Ubushakashatsi
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’ikinyamakuru American journal of clinical Nutrition, buvuga ko iyo umuntu afashe garama 100 z’isukari isazwe bigabanya imikorere y’abasirikare barinda umubiri ho amasaha atanu. Ngo iyo bigenze gutya, ubwirinzi bw’umubiri n’ubushobozi bwabwo birahadindirira mu kurwanya indwara.

Ubushakashatsi bukomeza bugaragaza ko abantu benshi bizera ko umutobe wa orange ufite intungamubiri nyinshi. Gusa ngo iyo wamaze guhindurwa, ibyo bita enzymes nzima, intungamubiri ndetse n’imyunyu ngugu biragabanuka.

Uburyo umutobe ukorwa ngo iyo umaze gutunganwa uba umeze nk’isukari y’umweru kuko ngo nta ntungamubiri uba ugifite zafasha isukari karemano iba mu mubiri (glucose) mu gutunganya ibyo kurya ngo bibe byafasha umubiri.

Ngo na none si byiza ko umuntu abaho atazi isukari yafashe ku munsi. Abantu benshi bakunda kurwara kuko ibi ngo batabyitaho bityo bigatera umubiri wabo gukora buhoro ku buryo budakwiriye umuntu muzima.

## Indwara ziterwa n'isukari nyinshi
*1. Iyo umuntu akunda kunywa isukari nyinshi, impindura ntabwo ishobora gukura isukari mu maraso ibi bigatera diabete. Ibi bigakunda kugaragara cyane ku babyeyi bageze igihe cyo gucura(menopause).*

2. Iyo umuntu akunda gufata isukari nyinshi bishobora kumutera indwara z’amenyo

3. Iyo ukunda gufata isukari nyinshi na none ngo byongera gutakara kw’intungamubiri za kalisiyumu n’imyunyungugu umubiri ukenera igihe umuntu anyara kenshi.

4. Abagore bafata isukari cyane ngo bashobora guhorana umushiha ndetse n’ubwoba.

*5. Iyo ufata isukari nyinshi byongera guhorana umunaniro udashira.*

Ese ibyiza by’isukari ni ibihe ?

*6. Isukari ishobora kukongerera ingufu. Gusa ngo ibi ni iby’igihe gito kuko ihita ishiramo. Ni nko kunywa amazi uramutse ufite inyota kuko wongera kuyigira.*

7. Isukari igufasha kumva ko ibyo urya biryoshye.

8. isukari ituma ugira uruhu rwiza.

*9. Isukari igufasha gusinzira neza.*

Mu Rwanda isukari yari imaze iminsi yariyongereye ibiciro kuko ikilo cyaguraga amafaranga igihumbi na Magana inani y’u Rwanda none ubu ikilo kigaba cyasubiye ku gihumbi na Magana abiri.

## Isukari yo mu Nganda
**Isukari yo mu Nganda** : Abashinzwe kumenya impamvu zitera indwara z’ibyorezo basanze ko zifitanye isano no gukoresha isukari, nyuma basanga ububi bw’isukari butagarukiye aho, ahubwo isukari ishobora no gutera kanseri yo mu mura, mu gifu, n’iyo mu munwa wa nyababyeyi (inkondo ya nyababyeyi).

## Reba
Igi

**Igi** (ubuke: **Amagi** )

Kurya amagi menshi, kenshi, ni ukuvuga ngo urengeje amagi 3 mu cyumweru, na byo 

bishobora gutera kanseri y’amabere, mu gifu, ibihaha, urwagashya, umura, agahu koroheye ko muri nyababyeyi gategura ururenda rurinda nyababyeyi no mu mirera ntanga y’abagore. Abayarya cyane bakunda kurwara uruhu, ubugora, kwishimagura, imvuvu, kuribwa mu nda, imvururu mu mara, impiswi, ubuhwima. Iyo igi rihuye n’amatoto y’inkoko rikimara guterwa rihura na microbe yitwa *Salmonella* itera kuribwa mu mara na tifoyide. Amagi afite umunyu mwinshi agakena muri potasiyumu, ni cyo gituma akwiriye kwirindwa n’abarwaye indwara y’umutima. Amagi atera kanseri yo mu maraso cyane ku bagore, ni na yo atera kanseri yo mu gifu. Si byiza kuyaha umwana utari wuzuza umwaka.
Umwembe

**Umwembe** (izina ry’ubu

menyi mu kilatini  *Mangifera indica*) ni igiti n’urubuto rufitiye umubiri akamaro kuko ukungahaye kuri vitamini C ikenerwa  mu gukora poroteyini z’ingenzi ku menyo, imikaya, amagufwa, imiyoboro y’amaraso, mu gukiza ibisebe, ikanagira uruhare mu gukora indurwe y’umwijima kandi ikanafasha mu ikoreshwa ry’umunyu ngugu wa fer wongera amaraso mu mubiri.

## Amoko
*Umwembe wa Kalimantana

**Imyembe ihumura neza** (Fragrant Mango, *Mangifera odorata*) ni ubwoko bw’imyembe izwi na benshi, akenshi yera mu Majyepfo y’Uburasirazuba bwa Aziya. Ni ikimanyi hagati y’umwembe ukunze guhingwa na benshi (*Mangifera indica*) n’umwembe witwa **Umwembe w’ifarashi** (Horse Mango, *Mangifera foetida*). 

## Notes
  

## Imiyoboro
Avoka

## '''Avoka'''

Avoka Ibarirwa mu muryango wa lauracees, mu bwoko bwa persea Americana, yakomotse muri Amerika yo hagati. Avoka ni imbuto ziribwa zikungahaye cyane ku muvuta na vitamini. Avoka ni igiti gikura kikagera ku burebure bwa metero 8 kugera kuri 20. Amoko yatsindiriwe akunze kuba magufi kuruta amahumbikano.

### '''Akamaro k’Avoka'''
Avoka zikungahaye ku mavuta kurusha izindi mbuto ziribwa ari mbisi (7.8-40.7) bityo zitanga imbaraga , zikungahaye kuri vitamini C,A,B,E,K. Inombe y’Avoka ikorwamo amavuta yo guteka, umutobe wo kunywa. Avoka kandi zikoreshwa mu nganda zikora imiti, amavuta yo kwisiga n’amasabune, ibishishwa n’ibisigazwa byazo bikorwamo ibyo kurya by’amatungo.

### '''Aho Avoka Ikunda'''
Avoka ikunda ahantu hagwa imvura iringaniye (1250-1750mm) mu mwaka,ubutaka butarekamo amazi menshi kuko atuma imizi ibora bityo igiti kikuma. Avoka yera hose mu Rwanda ku butumburuke buri hagati ya metero 900 na metero 1800, ahantu hari ubusharire bwa PH5.5-6 ariko hari n’amoko yera neza hejuru ya metero 2000.

### '''Amoko y’Avoka'''
Amoko y’Avoka y’ingenzi yakozweho ubushakashatsi akagaragaza ko yera neza ni: 

* Hass, 
* fuerte, 
* Ettinger, 
* Booth8, 
* Choquette 
* na collisson. Hariho andi yera mu rugero kandi akera hejuru ya metero 2000. Ayo ni nka 
* Zutano, 
* puelba, 
* Dickison, 
* simpson, 
* Bacon, 
* Booth7. Avoka zera imbuto zifite ishusho itandukanye bitewe n’ubwoko bwazo. Hari izigira imbuto zibumbabumbye,izindi ni ndende kimwe nuko hari ingufi. Iyo Avoka ihishije, igishishwa gishobora gusa n’icyatsi cyangwa umutuku bitewe n’ubwoko bwayo.

### Amashakiro