Ishyamba rya Arboretum I Ruhande

Ishyamba rya Arboretum I Ruhande ni Ishyamba rizwi cyane mu Karere ka Huye mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo mu Rwanda, rikaba rikikije Kaminuza y’u Rwanda Ishami rya Huye. Iri shyamya ryatewe mu 1934 ku gasozi ka Ruhande, rikaba rifatwa nk’urwibutso rukomeye rw’Ingoma y’Abakoloni mu gace ka Rwanda-Urundi.

## Amateka

Amateka avuga ko mu mwaka w’1934 ari bwo ishyamba rya Arboretum ry’I Ruhande ryatewe n’abafurere bo mu muryango w’abashariti “Abafurere b’Urukundo” (soma “les frères de la Charité” mu rurimi rw’Igifaransa cyangwa “Brothers of Charity mu rurimi rw’Icyongereza) mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ubuhinzi bw’amashyamba mu Rwanda. Gusa hari abandi bavuga ko iri shyamba ryatewe mbere gato ahagana mu 1933.

Mu mwaka wa 2018, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yemeje ko iri ishyamba rya Arboretum rishyirwa mu mushinga w’Umwamikazi w’u Bwongereza n’ibihugu bikoresha ururimi ry’Icyongereza ugamije kubungabunga amashyamba hirya no hino ku isi (Queen’s Commonwealth Canopy Projet) nk’uko byemejwe n’ Inama y’abaminisitiri yo ku wa 14 Gashyantare muri uwo mwaka wa 2018.

Ubu,mu rwego rwo gukomeza kwita uko bikwiye kuri iri shyamba rya Arboretum, riri mu nshingano z’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi mu Rwanda (RAB) dore ko ari hamwe mu hafite umwihariko wo gukorerwa ubushakashatsi mu bijyanye n’amashyamba. Mbere y’uko iri shyamba rigirwa ahantu hakomye (protected area mu rurimi rw’Icyongereza), buri wese yabaga yemerewe kurijyamo nta nkomyi (Open access resources mu rurimi rw’Icyongereza). Minisiteri ifite ibidukikije mu nshingano, na yo yahawe Arboretum ngo iyicunge.

## Amerekezo n’ingano

Ishyamba rya Arboretum riherereye mu Rwanda, mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo, mu Karere ka Huye, mu Murenge wa Ngoma, mu Kagari ka Butare, mu Mudugudu wa Mamba; rikaba riteye ku gasozi ka Ruhande. Rikikije Icyahoze ari Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda (ubu ni Kaminuza y’u Rwanda “UR” Ishami rya Huye).

Iri shyamba ringana na hegitari maganabiri (200 ha) riri ku butumburuke bwa metero zigera ku gihumbi na magana arindwi (1,700 m).  

## Ibigize iri shyamba

Arboretum y’I Ruhande igizwe n’ibiti 320,000 aho 454 bifite aho inyamaswa ziba. Usibye ibiti by’ingeri zitandukanye, ishyamba rya Arboretuma rizwiho kuba ririmo inyamaswa z’ubwoko bunyuranye nk’inzoka, inkende, imparage, inyoni, ingugunnyi n’utundi dukoko twinshi.

## Akamaro

Iri shyamba rifitiye akamaro gakomeye abarituriye kuko rizana umwuka mwiza, bamwe baritashyamo inkwi zo gutekesha.

Mu rwego rw’uburezi, iri shyamba rikorerwamo ubushakashatsi butandukanye mu bijyanye n’amashyamba dore ko muri pepiniyeri y’aho ari ho higirwa ibijyanye n’amashyamba yose cyangwa ibiti biba bigomba guterwa hirya no hino mu Gihugu. Iri shyamba kandi rifasha abanyeshuri kwiga neza cyane cyane abifuza kwigira ahantu hatuje.

Mu myidagaduro, iri shyamba rifasha abantu gukora siporo cyane cyane iyo kwiruka. Nta wakwirengagiza kandi uruhare iri shyamba rifitiye urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima kuko ari icumbi rikomeye ry’inyamaswa zitandukanye.

Muri Arboretum kandi ni ahantu hari amahumbezi ku buryo hafasha abifuza kuhatemberera mu rwego rw’ubukerarugendo no kwinezeza.

## Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994

Mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 mu Rwanda, ku wa 21 Mata mu ishyamba rya Arboretum kimwe no muri Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda habereye Jenoside y'indengakamere. Icyo gihe,  Kaminuza yari izengurutswe na bariyeri zikomeye: Imwe yari ahitwa kwa Sebukangaga ku irembo rinini, indi yari ku Mukoni. Abatutsi benshi biciwe muri Kaminuza, mu ishyamba rya Arborethum no ku mabariyeri yavuzwe haruguru. Hiciwe bamwe mu banyeshuri, abarimu bahigishaga, abakozi ba Kaminuza b’abatutsi n’abandi batutsi bahahungiye. Hakozwe umukwabu wihariye wo guhiga Abatutsi bihishe mu ishyamba rya Arborethum aho bakoze umurongo bagenda ikirenge ku kindi ari benshi cyane bararirangiza abihishemo barabavumbura barabica.

## Isoko y’ibiri muri iyi nyandiko


## Reba kandi

* Inventaire des espèces forestières de l'arboretum de Ruhande, Butare/Rwanda au 30 septembre 1984, https://books.google.rw/books/about/Inventaire_des_esp%C3%A8ces_foresti%C3%A8res_de.html?id=JHskcgAACAAJ&redir_esc=y, Byarebwe ku wa 30 Kamena 2021
* Carbon stock and fluxes in Nyungwe forest and Ruhande Arboretum in Rwanda, Donat Nsabimana, DEPARTMENT OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES FACULTY OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG 2009, DOCTORAL THESIS, https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/16325781.pdf, Byarebwe ku wa 30 Kamena 2021
* Seasonal variation of litter arthropods in some Eucalyptus plantations at the Arboretum of Ruhande in Rwanda, Donat Nsabimana, https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JBAH/article/view/6744, Byarebwe ku wa 30 Kamena 2021
* MAPPING OF DISTRIBUTION OF INVASIVE SPECIES IN RUHANDE ARBORETUM, The 5thICEED, KIGALI-RWANDA-UNILAK AUGUST, 2018 EAJST SpecialVol.8 Issue2, 2018 by JD TUYIZERE et al P15-27, https://www.unilak.ac.rw/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/PAPER-JD-TUYIZEREP15-27.pdf, Byarebwe ku wa 30 Kamena 2021
* [The Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. at the arboretum of Ruhande Butare/Rwanda]. [French]  [1985], https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181213/https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=RW19900099009, Byarebwe ku wa 29 Kamena 2021
* Mbakumbuze Ikidoge, Igikonari, Arboretum, Viet, Audi, kwa Gicumba no ku Ijuru rya Kamonyi, https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/mbakumbuze-ikidoge-igikonari-arboretum-viet-audi-kwa-gicumba-no-ku-ijuru-rya-kamonyi, Byarebwe ku wa 28 Kamena 2021
* Ishyamba rya Arboretum, https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182157/http://www.fonerwa.org/blog/green-rwanda-media-review-26-february-2018, Byarebwe ku wa 20 Kamena 2021