JAWS (screen reader)

**JAWS** (" **Akazi Kubona Akajambo** ") ni porogaramu isoma mudasobwa ya mudasobwa ya Microsoft Windows yemerera abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona gusoma ecran haba mu nyandiko-ku-jambo cyangwa mu kwerekana Braille ishobora kuvugururwa . JAWS ikorwa nitsinda ryimpumyi nicyerekezo gito cyubwisanzure bwa siyansi .

Gicurasi - Kamena 2021 ubushakashatsi bwakoreshejwe nabasomyi ba ecran bwakozwe na WebAIM, isosiyete ikora urubuga, yasanze JAWS ariwe musomyi wa ecran uzwi cyane kwisi yose; 53.7% by'abitabiriye ubushakashatsi babikoresheje nk'umusomyi wibanze wa ecran, mugihe 70.0% byabitabiriye babikoresheje kenshi. 

JAWS ishyigikira Windows 10 na Windows 11 hamwe na verisiyo zose za Windows Server yasohotse kuva Windows Server 2016 . Hano hari verisiyo ebyiri za porogaramu: *Urugo* rwibanze rwo gukoresha ubucuruzi nubucuruzi bwumwuga *kubidukikije* . Mbere ya JAWS 16, *Urugo* rwiswe *Standard*, kandi rwakoraga gusa muri sisitemu y'imikorere ya Windows.   Verisiyo ya DOS, rimwe na rimwe izwi nka *JDOS*, ni ubuntu.

Ururimi rwa JAWS Ururimi rwemerera uyikoresha gukoresha porogaramu zidafite igenzura rya Windows risanzwe, na porogaramu zitagenewe kuboneka.

## Amateka
JAWS yarekuwe bwa mbere mu 1989 na Ted Henter, wahoze asiganwa ku ipikipiki wabuze amaso mu mpanuka y'imodoka yo mu 1978. Mu 1985, Henter, hamwe n’ishoramari US$ 180.000 yatanzwe na Bill Joyce, bashinze *ikigo cya Henter-Joyce* i St. Petersburg, muri Floride . Joyce yagurishije inyungu ze muri sosiyete asubira muri Henter mu 1990. Muri Mata 2000, Henter-Joyce, Blazie Engineering, na Arkenstone, Inc. bahujwe no gukora Freedom Scientific .

JAWS yabanje gukorwa kuri sisitemu y'imikorere ya MS-DOS . Wari umwe mubasomyi benshi ba ecran baha abakoresha impumyi kubona inyandiko-yuburyo bwa MS-DOS. Ikintu cyihariye cya JAWS muri kiriya gihe kwari ugukoresha menus zishimishije, muburyo bwa porogaramu izwi cyane ya Lotus 1-2-3. Icyatandukanije JAWS usibye nabandi basomyi ba ecran yiki gihe ni ugukoresha macros yemerera abakoresha guhitamo imikoreshereze yimikoreshereze kandi bagakora neza hamwe nibikorwa bitandukanye.

Ted Henter na Rex Skipper banditse kode ya JAWS y'umwimerere hagati ya za 1980, basohora verisiyo ya 2.0 hagati ya 1990. Skipper yavuye muri sosiyete nyuma yo gusohora verisiyo ya 2.0, hanyuma amaze kugenda, Charles Oppermann yahawe akazi ko kubungabunga no kuzamura ibicuruzwa. Oppermann na Henter bahoraga bongeramo ibintu bito kandi byingenzi kandi bakarekura verisiyo nshya. Freedom Scientific ubu itanga JAWS kuri MS-DOS nkikururwa kubuntu kurubuga rwabo.  

Mu 1993, Henter-Joyce yasohoye verisiyo yahinduwe cyane ya JAWS kubantu bafite ubumuga bwo kwiga. Iki gicuruzwa, cyitwa WordScholar, ntikiboneka. 

## JAWS kuri Windows
Mu 1992, uko Microsoft Windows yamenyekanye cyane, Oppermann yatangiye gukora kuri verisiyo nshya ya JAWS. Intego nyamukuru yo gushushanya ntiyari ukubangamira imiterere isanzwe yukoresha ya Windows no gukomeza gutanga ibikoresho bikomeye bya macro. Ikizamini na beta verisiyo ya JAWS kuri Windows (JFW) yerekanwe mu nama mu 1993 na 1994. Muri kiriya gihe, uwatezimbere Glen Gordon yatangiye gukora kuri kode, amaherezo atangira iterambere ryayo igihe Oppermann yahawe akazi na Microsoft mu Gushyingo 1994. Nyuma yaho gato, muri Mutarama 1995, JAWS ya Windows 1.0 yasohotse.

Isubiramo rishya rya JAWS kuri Windows risohoka hafi rimwe mu mwaka, hamwe nudushya duto hagati.

## Ibiranga
JAWS yemerera ibikorwa byose byingenzi bya sisitemu y'imikorere ya Microsoft Windows kugenzurwa na shortcuts ya clavier hamwe n'ibitekerezo byavuzwe. Izi shortcuts zibikwa zihoraho zishoboka muri gahunda nyinshi, ariko umubare munini cyane wimirimo ikenewe kugirango ukoreshe neza software ya mudasobwa igezweho bisaba neza ko umukoresha wa nyuma gufata mu mutwe ibintu byinshi byingenzi. Mubyukuri buri kintu cyose cya JAWS gishobora gutegurwa numukoresha, harimo urufunguzo rwose nibintu nkumuvuduko wo gusoma, ubunini bwakoreshejwe mugusoma utumenyetso, nibitekerezo. JAWS ikubiyemo kandi ururimi rwimyandikire kugirango ihindure imirimo kandi ihindure byinshi bigoye kumyitwarire ya gahunda. 

Porogaramu ikubiyemo uburyo butandukanye bwagenewe umwihariko wa mushakisha y'urubuga, ikora iyo mushakisha iri imbere. Iyo ushakisha urubuga, JAWS ibanza gutangaza umutwe numubare wibihuza. Imvugo irashobora guhagarikwa hamwe nurufunguzo rwo kugenzura, imirongo igendana nurufunguzo rwo hejuru / hepfo umwambi, kandi urufunguzo rwa tab rugenda hagati yibihuza nubugenzuzi. Urufunguzo rwinyuguti rwihariye kuri clavier rushobora gukanda kugirango ruyobore ibikurikira cyangwa ibanziriza ubwoko bwubwoko runaka, nkibisanduku byanditse cyangwa agasanduku.  JAWS irashobora kubona imitwe muri Word na PDF inyandiko zisa. 

Ikiranga JAWS cyashyizweho hamwe nuburinganire bwacyo byasobanuwe nk "bigoye", hamwe namahugurwa asabwa kubakoresha nkabashushanya urubuga bakora ibizamini byoroshye, kugirango birinde gufata imyanzuro itari yo muri ibyo bizamini. 

## Reba