open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Jean Pierre Essome

**Jean Pierre Essome** n'umuhanzi akaba n'umukinnyi wa filimi ukomoka mu gihugu cya Kameruni.  Azwi cyane k'umuziki wa makossa. Essome yagaragaye muri firime yitwa  *Before the Sunrise*, yasohotse muri Kameruni na Nijeriya .

## Reba
Umushinga w'uruganda ruzakora foromaje mu mata y’inyambo

Ku wa Gatatu tariki ya 26 Ukwakira 2022, nibwo hashyizwe ibuye ry’ifatizo ahazubakwa urwo ruganda ndetse n’urugo rw’inyambo.

Ni umushinga uhuriweho na Koperative y’aborozi ya Murundi ndetse n’abafatanyabikorwa bo muri Irland, bose bakazaba banganya imigabane.

Blues Creamery Ltd, niyo Kompanyi izafatanya na Koperative y’aborozi ya Murundi, bakazakorera i Nyagatovu mu Murenge wa Mukarange.

## Ibyiciro
Uyu mushinga uri mu byiciro bitatu, harimo gukora foromaje, hashyirwemo ikawa n’urugo rw’inyambo mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ukerarugendo bushingiye ku muco, ndetse no guteza imbere ubworozi.

## Ibindi bitegenywa
Uyu mushinga kandi uzanakora ubushakashatsi ku nka z’inyambo ku miterere yazo, ariko no ku mukamo wazo kuko ubusanzwe zikamwa amata macye hakarebwa niba hari ibyatuma uwo mukamo ushobora kwiyongera.

## Reba
Ihuriro mpuzamahanga ryo kurandura umwanda

**Ihuriro mpuzamahanga ryo Kurandura Umwanda** (**IPEN**)  ni ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta igamije intego imwe yo kurandura umwanda  ndetse no kuyobora mu bidukikije, umwanda uhoraho ( POPs), endocrine ihungabanya imiti, nubundi burozi.

uyu muryango utegamiye kuri leta zishyigikira urubuga ruhuriweho rwo kurandura burundu POP ku isi binyuze mu masezerano ya Stockholm, imirimo yo kugira uruhare mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano ya Rotterdam na Basel, ndetse n’amasezerano ya Minimata kuri Merkuri .

Imiryango irenga 550 ifitiye inyungu rusange imiryango itegamiye kuri leta mu bihugu birenga 120 ikorera hamwe mu kurandura umwanda uburozi, ku buryo bwihuse ariko buringaniye. Ubu butumwa bukubiyemo kugera ku isi aho imiti yose ikorerwa kandi igakoreshwa mu buryo bukuraho ingaruka mbi ku buzima bw’abantu no ku bidukikije, kandi aho imyanda ihumanya ibidukikije (POPs) n’imiti ihangayikishijwe n’ibindi bitagihumanya ibidukikije byaho ndetse n’isi yose. 

## Reba kandi

* Ikigo cy’amategeko mpuzamahanga y’ibidukikije (CIEL)
* POP Porotokole Yangiza Umwuka
* Amasezerano y'i Stockholm
* Amasezerano ya Minamata kuri Mercure
* Amasezerano ya Basel
* Amasezerano ya Rotterdam

## Inyandiko

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Urubuga rwa IPEN
Umwuzure wa pentekote mu wa 1999

**Umwuzure wa Pentekote mu mwaka wa 1999** wari umwuzure w'imyaka 100 hafi yigihe cya pentekote mu mwaka wa 1999 wibasiye cyane Bavariya, Vorarlberg na Tirol . Byatewe n'imvura nyinshi  ihura n'amazi asanzwe ya Alpine.

Mu mpera za Gicurasi, amazi y’amasoko ya buri mwaka ava mu misozi ya Alpes bivuze ko inzuzi nyinshi za Bavariya zari zimaze kuba ku rwego rwo hejuru. Ku ya 22 Gicurasi imvura y'amahindu "Quartus" yibasiye amajyaruguru ya Alpes, izana litiro 180 / m 2, bituma imigezi ya Ammersee na Amper na Isar yaguka kandi yuzura ahantu hanini. Uturere twuzuyemo umwuzure twagutse vuba bikwira ibice bya Oberallgäu ku ruzi rwa Iller . Umwuzure wahise ukomeza kumanuka kugera mu turere dutuwe cyane muri Bavariya.

Urwego rw'amazi rwa Isar runyura i Munich, rwamanuwe n'ikigega cya Sylvensteinspeicher hafi ya Bad Tölz . Nyamara inzira nyabagendwa kuri Iller zarananiranye, zuzura Sonthofen, ibice bya Augsburg na Neustadt . Muri Hindelang - Hinterstein umwuzure wageze ku mpinga itanditswe mu myaka 250 ishize. Amazi maremare ya Alpine yakurikiyeho ku ya 23-24 Kanama 2005 yongeye kwangiza utwo turere.

Mu gace ka Vorarlberg umwuzure wa Rhine wibasiye ikiyaga cya Constance cyangiza Hard na Bregenz .

I Tirol umudugudu Pflach muri Lechtal wuzuye amazi.

## Amashakiro

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* 
* Wasserwirtschaftsamt Freising: Pfingsthochwasser an der Amper Mai 1999
* Kelheim: Pfingsthochwasser in Kelheim und Neustadt im Mai 1999
* Hochwassernachrichtendienst Bayern: Pfingsthochwasser 1999 – ein Jahrhundertereignis an Iller, Ammer und Donau
* Jahrhunderthochwasser in Ulm
Umwuzure wa Hyderabad mu wa 2000

**Umwuzure wa Hyderabad mu mwaka wa 2000** wari urukurikirane rw'imyuzure yangije byinshi kandi ihitana ubuzima bw'abantu bitewe n'umwuzure w’amazi wabereye i Hyderabad, mu Ubuhinde mu 2000. Begumpet niyo yibasiwe cyane nyuma y’umwuzure wa mm 241.5 wanditswe ku ya 24 Kanama 2000. 

## Ingaruka
Ku bufatanye n’ubushakashatsi bw’ibinyabuzima mu Buhinde (GSI) guverinoma y’icyo gihe ya Andhra Pradesh yashyizeho komite ya Kirloskar. Dukurikije ibyavuye muri komite; a 390&nbsp;km z'ahantu h'amazi yatwarwaga mu buryo butemewe n’inyubako 13.500 bitewe n’umwuzure wo mu mijyi .    

## Reba kandi

* 2020 Umwuzure wa Hyderabad
* Umwuzure ukomeye wa Musi wo mu 1908

## Amashakiro
Umwuzure wa Bihar mu wa 2004

**Umwuzure wa Bihar mu mwaka wa 2004** ni umwe mu myuzure ikabije yabereye i Bihar, mu Ubuhinde mu myaka icumi ishize. Abantu 885 n’inyamaswa 3272 bahasize ubuzima kandi abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 21,299 barahohotewe. Uturere 20 twa Bihar twagize ingaruka.   Ubwiyongere bukabije bw’amazi kubera imvura nyinshi yuzuye mu turere dushya mu karere ka Bhagalpur, akarere ka Begusarai, akarere ka Katihar, akarere ka Darbhanga, akarere ka Samastipur n’akarere ka Khagaria . Nk’uko byatangajwe na komisiyo ishinzwe amazi hagati Bagmati, Budhi Gandak, Kamla Balan, Adhwara, Kosi na Mahananda imigezi yatembaga hejuru y’ikimenyetso gitukura ahantu hatandukanye, mu gihe Ganges yambutse akaga ku nshuro ya mbere kuri Barrage ya Farakka .

## Reba kandi

* Umwuzure wa Bihar mu wa 2008
* Umwuzure w'Abahinde mu wa 2008
* Umugezi wa Koshi 
* Umwuzure muri Bihar
* Umwuzure wa Bihar mu wa 2007 

## Amashakiro n'Ibisobanuro
Jean Serge Essous

**Jean Serge Essous** yavutse mu mwaka wa 1935 avukira mu mujyi wa Brazzaville mu gihugu cya Kongo, yapfuye ku itariki ya 25 Ugushyingo 2009 mu mujyi wa Brazzaville  yari umucuranzi wa saxophone w’umunyekongo, umukararinetisite, akaba n’umwe mubashinze ikipe ya Afrika muri Paris mu Bufaransa, itsinda rya Bantous de la Capital muri Brazzaville, muri Kongo, OK Jazz, na Orchester Rock a Mambo .   

Ku ya 11 Ukwakira 2006, UNESCO yashyizeho Jean Serge Essous nk'umuhanzi wa UNESCO ushinzwe amahoro ashyirwho n’umuyobozi mukuru wa UNESCO, Koïchiro Matsuura . 

## Reba
Itsinda ry'abajyanama ku myuka ihumanya ikirere

**Itsinda ry'abajyanama ku myuka ihumanya ikkirere**, ryashinzwe mu 1986,  ryari  itsinda  rikora ubushakashatsi ku ngaruka z' imyuka ihumanya ikirere.. Iri tsinda ryashyizweho n’inama mpuzamahanga y’'abahanga bibumbiye hamwe, gahunda y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe ibidukikije, n’umuryango w’ubumenyi bw’ikirere ku isi kugira ngo bakurikirane ibyifuzo by’inama *mpuzamahanga y’isuzuma ry’uruhare rwa carubone dioxide  n’i ndi myuka ihumanya ikirere mu’ mihindagurikire y’ikirere n'ingaruka zijyanye nabyo*, yabereye i Villach, muri Otirishiya, mu Kwakira 1985. 

Itsinda rigizwe n’abantu barindwi barimo umuhanga mu bumenyi bw’ikirere w' umunyaSuwede Bert Bolin hamwe n’umunyakanada wumuhanga muby'ikirere witwa Kenneth Hare . 

Itsinda ryakoze inama yanyuma mu 1990. yagiye  isimburwa buhoro buhoro n'akanama gashinzwe guverinoma zihuje ku bijyanye n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere .

## Reba
Umuryango mpuzamahanga ureberera imiterere y'inyanja

**Umuryango mpuzamahanga ureberera imiterere y'Inyanja (IPSO)** yibanze ku bintu byinshi bibangamira ubuzima bw'inyanja y'isi. Uyu muryango ucungwa nkudaharanira inyungu zanditswe mu Bwongereza. Yakiriwe na Sosiyete Zoologiya y'i Londres . Dr. Alex Rogers ni Umuyobozi ushinzwe ubumenyi muri IPSO akaba na Porofeseri w’ibinyabuzima byo kubungabunga ibidukikije mu ishami rya Zoology, kaminuza ya Oxford. 

## Ibice byubushakashatsi

* Ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku nyanja 
* Kuroba
* Acide yo mu nyanja
* Gutura kwangiza ubuzima bwinyanja
* Uburobyi n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere
* Gukuramo umutungo wangiza
* Umwanda wo mu nyanja
* Ubwoko bwamenyekanye mubidukikije byo mu nyanja

## Reba
Umwuzure w'Ubuhinde mu wa 2009

**Umwuzure w’Ubuhinde mu mwaka wa 2009** wibasiye leta zitandukanye z’Ubuhinde muri Nyakanga 2009, uhitana byibuze abantu 36 muri Orissa na 13 muri Kerala . Leta zibasiwe cyane ni Karnataka , Orissa ,     Kerala, Gujarat na Amajyaruguru y'Uburasirazuba bw'ubuhinde

Umwuzure watewe n’imvura nyinshi (umuyaga wiganje mu karere ka Amajyepfo na SE Aziya, uhuha uva mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba hagati ya Gicurasi na Nzeri ukazana imvura (imvura itose), cyangwa uva mu majyaruguru y'iburasirazuba hagati y'Ukwakira na Mata (imvura yumye) yahitanye byibuze abantu 36 bo mu burasirazuba bw’Ubuhinde bwa Orissa honyine kandi inesha amazu igice cya miliyoni.  Ku ya 13 Nyakanga, abantu barindwi barapfuye abandi benshi baburirwa irengero ubwo bisi yagwaga mu ruzi nyuma yo gutwarwa n’amazi y’umwuzure mu karere ka Nayagarh muri Orissa . Nayagarh ifite 87&nbsp;km uvuye mu murwa mukuru wa leta ya Orissa, Bhubaneswar .  Urusengero rw'izuba ruzwi cyane ku isi ahitwa Konark narwo rwuzuye amazi, rutera ingorane ba mukerarugendo.  Uturere twibasiwe cyane n’umwuzure muri Orissa ni Nayagarh, Cuttack, Ganjam,  Keonjhar, Koraput na Kandhamal . 

Ibice byinshi bya Kerala byibasiwe n’imvura nyinshi yaguye igihombo kingana nka miliyoni . Nibura abantu 13 bo muri leta ya Kerala bapfuye bazize umwuzure muri leta.  Uturere twibasiwe cyane nka Kerala ni Kannur,  Ernakulam,  Kozhikode,  Kollam  Thrissur,  Malappuram, Wayanad, Kasaragod na Alappuzha.  Inkambi zitabara imbabare zafunguwe muri leta yose.  Minisitiri w’imisoro muri leta ya Kerala, KP Rajendran i Kozhikode yatumije inama ku ya 20 Nyakanga 2009 yo gusuzuma ibyangijwe n’imvura. Abayobozi b'uturere n'abayobozi b'amashami atandukanye ya Kasaragod, Kannur, Wayanad, Kozhikode, Malappuram na Palakkad birashoboka ko bitabiriye iyo nama. 

Abantu barenga ibihumbi bitatu bakubiswe nyuma y'imvura idahwema muri Assam  no mu zindi ntara z’amajyaruguru y’Ubuhinde.

Nibura abantu 10, barimo abana bane n’abagore babiri, barapfuye abandi icyenda barakomereka ku ya 27 Nyakanga 2009 ubwo urukuta rwasenyutse kubera imvura nyinshi yaguye mu mujyi wa Noida wo mu murwa mukuru w’igihugu cya Delhi . 

## Gutakaza no kwangirika

## Amashakiro
Ubushyuhe bukabije ku isi: Ibyo ukwiye kumenya

Ubushyuhe bw'isi : ibyo ugomba kumenya ni filime mbarankuru  yakinwe mu mwaka wa 2006 ivuga k' ubushyuhe bw'Isi  (ihindagurika ry'ikirere) , yayobowe na Nicolas Brown, yakinwe na Tom Brokaw, James Hansen, Michael, Oppenheimer, na Mark Serreze. iyi filimi yibanda ku mihindagurikire y'ikirere, hamwe na Tom Brokaw umuhanga mu kubaza ibibazo. Iyi filimi mbarankuru yerekanwe kuri shene ya Discovery ,talliki  16 nyakanga 2006.

## Reba
Umwuzure w'uburengerazuba bwa Papua mu wa 2010

**Umwuzure wo mu burengerazuba bwa Papua mu mwaka wa 2010** wabaye ku ya 6 Ukwakira 2010 mu ntara ya Indoneziya y’iburasirazuba bwa Papua . Umwuzure wibanze ku mujyi wa Wasior mu burengerazuba bwa Papua,  waturutse ku mvura nyinshi yatumye uruzi rwuzura inkombe zarwo, rutera inkangu . 

Nibura abantu 145 bavuze ko bahitanywe n’umwuzure, guhera ku ya 12 Ukwakira 2010.

Ku ya 12 Ukwakira 2010 , Perezida wa Indoneziya, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, yasuye ako gace  Abacitse ku icumu benshi bimuwe mu mujyi wa Manokwari .  Inkunga nini zoherejwe mu buryo butari bwo mu mujyi wa Wasior nyuma y’umwuzure, n’ubwo abaturage benshi bimukiye i Manokwari.  Abayobozi n'imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta bashinje itumanaho ridakwiye. 

Kugeza mu Kuboza 2010, hari gahunda yo kwimura abantu 5,100, cyangwa abantu bagera ku 7,900, gutura mu gihe gito muri gahunda yo kwimura abantu bahuye n’umwuzure. 

Guverinoma ya Indoneziya yashinje imvura nyinshi kuba umwuzure ukabije, aho gutema ibiti no gutema amashyamba mu buryo butemewe n'amategeko . 

## Amashakiro
Umwuzure wa Kohistan mu wa 2011

**Umwuzure wa Kohistan mu mwaka wa 2011** ni uruhererekane rw'umwuzure wabaye mu kwezi kwa Kanama 2011 mu Karere ka Kohistan ka Khyber Pakhtunkhwa mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bwa Pakisitani . Umwuzure watewe n’imvura nyinshi yaraye, wahitanye byibuze abantu 63 kandi utwika amazu menshi, imidugudu, amatungo n’ibimera. 

Umwuzure niwo wangije cyane kuva imyuzure yahitanye muri Pakisitani mu mwaka wa 2010 yibasiye igihugu cyose. 

## Amashakiro
Amahame ya Carbone

**Amahame ya Carbone** ni uruhererekane rw'amabwiriza yashyizweho n'amabanki atatu akomeye ya Wall Street - Citigroup Inc, JP Morgan Chase, na Morgan Stanley - kugira ngo basuzume ingaruka zaterwa no gutera inkunga imishinga y'amashanyarazi mu bijyanye n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere. Aya mahame ahamagarira "kongera ingufu" mugusuzuma abahawe inguzanyo zinganda zamashanyarazi mubijyanye no gukoresha ingufu neza ; kongererwa ingufu na karubone nkeya ikwirakwiza ingufu z'ikoranabuhanga; n'ikoranabuhanga risanzwe kandi riteye imbere. Aya mabwiriza yatangajwe muri Gashyantare 2008 kugira ngo agaragaze impungenge rusange' ku bihingwa   kugirango haremwe inganda zirenga ijana za mashanyarazi muri Amerika.

Amahame y’ikirere ni agamije gufasha ibikorwa by’imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu rwego rw’imari. Uru ni urwego rwuzuye rw' inganda  rwaje  hagamijwe guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere kandi rwemejwe na Crédit Agricole, Munich Re, Standard Chartered, Busuwisi Re na HSBC. Amahame ya Carbone ni ubujyanama buteye imbere hamwe na urwego rw' abanyamerica rukora 

amashanyarazi. 

## Reba

* http://www.eere.energy.gov/amakuru/enn.cfm#energy
* https://www.banktrack.org/kurupapuro/kuri

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* https://web.archive.org/web/20081208200229/http://www.theclimategroup.org/about/corporate_leadership/climate_principles
Etran Finatawa

**Etran Finatawa** ni itsinda rya muzika riherereye muri Nigeri, ryashinzwe mu mwaka wa 2004 mu birori byitwa *festival au Désert* byabereye hafi ya Timbuktu, muri Mali. Umuziki wa Etran Finatawa uhuza umuziki gakondo w'abantu ba Wodaabe na Tuareg n'ibikoresho bya muzika byo mu burengerazuba nka gitari y'amashanyarazi. 

Kuva mu mwaka wa 2005 bazengurutse cyane ku mugabane w'Iburayi, Amerika, Kanada no muri Ositaraliya.   Mu mwaka wa 2007, alubumu yabo ya mbere yitwa *Introducing Etran Finatawa* (yo mu mwaka wa 2006) yatorewe guhatanira igihembo cya Radio BBC kikaba Igihembo cy'umuziki w'isi.  Basohoye follow-up, *Desert Crossroads*, mu 2008, naho 2010 basohora *Tarkat Tajje / Reka tugende* . Muri 2013, itsinda ryasohoye alubumu yabo ya kane yitwa, *The Sahara Sessions* . 

Izina ry'itsinda risobanura "inyenyeri gakondo".

## Disikogarafi

; Alubumu za studio

* *Introducing Etran Finatawa* (2006)
* *Desert Crossroads* (2008)
* *Tarkat Tajje / Let's Go* (2010)
* *The Sahara Sessions* (2013)

; Umusanzu hamwe n'abandi bahanzi

* *The Rough Guide to Desert Blues* (2010, World Music Network )
* *The Rough Guide to Acoustic Africa* (2013, World Music Network)
* *Etran* - indirimbo ya Disclosure (2020)

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Urubuga rwemewe rwa Etran Finatawa
* Etran Finatawa: Nijeri Nomadic Blues : Ikiranga NPR kuri Etran Finatawa
Umwuzure wo muri Afurika y'epfo mu wa 2015

Umwuzure w’Afurika y’Epfo mu mwaka wa 2015, ufitanye isano na Cyclone Bansi na Tropical Storm Chedza, wahitanye abantu 176 muri Malawi, 86 muri Mozambike, na 46 muri Madagasikari mugihe cy'icyumweru  abandi babarirwa mu magana baburiwe irengero. Visi Perezida wa Malawi Saulos Chilima yavuze ko umwuzure wimuye abamalawi bagera ku 200,000. Abanyafurika bagera ku 400,000 bimuwe muri rusange, naho 153 baburiwe irengero.

Umwuzure watangiye ku ya 14 Mutarama 2015, ugenda ugabanuka ugera ku mpera z'ukwezi.  Kubera umwuzure, ubutaka bwo mu turere tumwe na tumwe bwaruzuye kandi butera inkangu, bituma hapfa abantu benshi.  Imvura yo muri Afurika y'epfo  yanditsweho ko iri hejuru ya 150% kurenza ibisanzwe, ikuzura hafi hegitari 63,000 zose hamwe.   Binyuze mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe, Afurika bivugwa ko yerekanye imiterere igoye yimvura, itera amapfa numwuzure mugihe kimwe. Ibyinshi mu byangiritse mu gihe cy’imvura 2014-2015 bishobora guterwa ningaruka za El Niño .  

## Ingaruka ku gihugu

 

### Malawi
Ibyumweru bibiri by'imvura nyinshi yahitanye abantu 176 kandi yateje igihombo cya miliyoni 450 z'amadolari y'Amerika, cyangwa hafi 10% bya GDP by'igihugu. 

## Amashakiro
Amashyamba i huye

## Intangiriro
Mu nama yabereye muri Huye  yateguwe n’umushinga w’ikigo cy’igihugu cy’umutungo kamere  (MRV)  igamije kurebera hamwe ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ibyemezo byo guteza imbere amashyamba,  u Rwanda washimiwe uruhare mu kungabunga amashyamba.

## Intego

Iyi nama yabaye kuva taliki ya 06-07, Gashyantare, 2014 mu Karere ka Huye igamije kugaragaza ingamba u Rwanda rwafashe mu kurengera ibidukikije ndetse n’inyungu  rwavana mu kubungabunga amashyamba yarwo. Bashingiye ku masezerano Umuryango w’abibumbye washyizeho yo kubungabunga amashyamba, ibihugu icumi by’Afrika n’u Rwanda rurimo bikayashyiraho umukono, ngo aya masezerano agamije kureba uruhare rwa buri gihugu mu gushyira mu bikorwa izi ngamba.

## Ikirere
umukozi w’umushinga wita ku kubungabunga amashyamba MRV mu kigo cy’igihugu cy’umutungo kamere , uvuga ko  mu bihugu 10 by’Afrika biri muri COMIFAC(Commission for the Forests of Central Africa) bitanu muri byo ari byo bitaratangiza iyi gahunda yo kugabanya imyuka byohereza mu kirere. Ibikorwa bikorwa muri uru rwego nibyo  umuryango w’abibumbye uheraho ugenera amafaranga ibi bihugu. uvuga ko, U Rwanda wagize ati “Ntabwo u Rwanda ruri inyuma mu kubungabunga amashyamba.  Umuryango w’abibumbye (Nations Unies) urashima intambwe tugezeho yo kubungabunga no gufata neza amashyamba yacu gusa hari ibyo tutari twanoza kugira ngo tugabanye imyuka twohereza mu kirere akandi ibi nibyo  dushaka gushyira mo ingufu.”

## ubuhumbikiro bw’ibiti

impuguke muri uyu muryango w'abibubye uhuriweho n’ibihugu 10 by’Afrika yavuze ko kubungabunga amashyamba bifuza ku bihagurukirwa n’inzego zitandukanye z’igihugu kugira ngo hatagira usigara inyuma muri iyi gahunda. Ibi bigamije  kwerekana inyungu u Rwanda n’abaturage barwo bazakura muri iyi gahunda baramutse babungabunze amashyamba. Niyibeshaho Ananie umukozi w’Akarere ka Nyamasheke ushinzwe iterambere, yavuze ko batangiye kwigisha abaturage mu birebana n’iyi gahunda ku buryo buri kagari kose gafite ubuhumbikiro bw’ibiti (Pépinirere) kandi ko bari gukora ibishoboka byose ngo bongere ubuso buterwamo amashyamba.

## Amashyamba
Aya masezerano y’Umuryango w’abibumbye yerekeranye no kubungabunga amashyamba avuga ko ishyamba rifite ubuso bungana na hegitari 0,5 cyangwa se  rifite ubuso bungana na hegitari  1,0 ari ryo baheraho bahemba abariteye  kubera ko riba ryagabanyije ubukana by’ ibyuka byoherezwa mu kirere.Muri iyi nama izi nzobere n’abakozi bafite aho bahurira no kubungabunga amashyamba bakazarebera hamwe ingamba zafatwa kugira ngo amashyamba arusheho kubungabungwa no kwirinda ko yangizwa akanasarurwa mu buryo bwa kajagari. Ibihugu 10 by’Afrika biri muri COMIFAC ni **Republika Iharanira Demokrasi ya Kongo, Kongo-Brazzaville, Burundi, Republika ya Central afrika, Guinée Equatoriale, Caméroun, Sao Tome na Principe, Tchad, n’u Rwanda**.

## Amashakiro
Umushinga wo gutera imigano

Mu Rwanda hagiye gutangira kubakwa uruganda ruzajya rutunganya ibikoresho bitandukanye rwifashishije imigano. Biteganyijwe ko ruzatangira kubakwa muri uyu mwaka.

Urwo ruganda rwitezweho gukora ibikoresho birimo ibyo mu nzu, impapuro zo kwandikaho, izikoreshwa mu bwiherero n’ibindi. Ruzubakwa no Sosiyete y’Abashinwa yitwa ‘East Africa Bamboo Forestry Company Ltd’.

Muri iki cyerekezo, hatangiye guterwa imigano y’ubwoko bushya bwa ‘Phyllostachys edulis’, izifashishwa mu gukora ibyo bikoresho.

## Aho byatangiriye
Igikorwa cyo gutangiza ku mugaragaro uyu mushinga cyabereye mu Murenge wa Musenyi mu ka Bugesera, ku wa 28 Mutarama 2022, ahatewe imigano y’ubwoko bushya ku nkengero z’Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha.

Iyi migano iri guterwa ngo izafashe kunganira iy’umuhondo isanzwe mu Rwanda yitwa ‘Alundinaria alpina’ mu ndimi z’amahanga.

Muri iki gikorwa biteganyijwe ko hazaterwa imigano miliyoni eshatu mu Turere dutandatu, ahantu hafite ubuso bwa hegitari 2.129.

## Akamaro
Uretse gukorwamo ibikoresho, iyi migano izanagira uruhare mu kubungabunga ibidukikije, kurwanya isuri no guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe.

Hari ubwoko bw’iyavuye mu Bushinwa yifashishijwe muri Pariki ya Nyandungu, aho iri mu izakoreshwa nk’uruzitiro ariko ikaba ishobora kubyazwamo undi musaruro.

Leta y’u Rwanda yihaye intego ko mu 2024, nibura 80% by’amashyamba yayo azaba acungwa n’abikorera.

Umushinga wo gutera imigano, kubaka uruganda no gutangira gutunganya ibikoresho bitandukanye, uzatwara asaga miliyari 300 Frw.

## Reba
Green city Kigali

Iterambere ry’ibikorwaremezo, ukwaguka n’ubwiyongere bw’abatuye Umujyi wa Kigali, biri mu bituma umunsi ku munsi hatekerezwa uburyo bw’imiturire igezweho itangiza ibidukikije kandi idaheza abantu by’umwihariko ab’amikoro make.

## Intego
Guverinoma y’u Rwanda ibinyujije muri Minisiteri y’Ibidukikije, yatekereje umushinga wo kubaka Umujyi urengera ibidukikije (GCK), ugamije kubaka umujyi w’icyitegererezo ugizwe n’uburyo bushya bw’imiturire burambye.

Ni uburyo kandi budaheza; aho abakorera umushahara uringaniye na bo babasha gutura. Ubu buryo buzaba ari bwo bwa mbere bukoreshejwe mu Rwanda ndetse no muri Afurika.

Buzaba bufitemo ibice bijyanye n’inyubako zirengera ibidukikije, imikoreshereze y’ingufu n’ibicanwa byisubira, gutunganya imyanda no kudaheza abafite imibereho iciriritse, hibandwa cyane cyane mu gukoresha ibikoresho biboneka mu gihugu n’ibisubizo biturutse mu baturage.

## Abawushinzwe

Umushinga urimo gushyirwa mu bikorwa n’Ikigega gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije, FONERWA, ku bufatanye na Guverinoma y’u Budage binyuze muri Banki y’iki gihugu Itsura Amajyambere.

Muri rusange u Budage bwatanze miliyoni 40 z’Amayero nk’inkunga y’ibanze yagombaga gushyira mu bikorwa uyu mushinga.

Mu kiganiro kigufi yahaye IGIHE, Minisitiri w’Ibidukikije, Amb. Dr Mujawamariya Jeanne d’Arc, yavuze ko uyu mushinga witezweho guhindura iterambere ry’Umujyi wa Kigali kandi mu buryo budaheza.

Ati “Green City Kigali ni umushinga w’iterambere uzaramba kandi uhendutse, ukazaba ugizwe n’inyubako zitangiza ibidukikije kandi zikoresha ingufu zisubira, ibyakoreshejwe bikongera kubyazwa umusaruro kandi zubatswe n’ibikoresho byakorewe imbere mu gihugu.”

Yakomeje agira ati “Green City Kigali izaba icyitegererezo cy’imyubakire igezweho mu Rwanda. Izaba umusemburo w’impinduka muri Kigali no hanze yayo.

## Iby'ibanze ku ishyirwa mubikorwa ry'uyu mushinga

Uyu mushinga uzashyirwa mu bikorwa mu byiciro bine n’Ikigo cyitwa Green City Kigali Company (GCKC) ndetse n’Urwego rw’Ubwiteganyirize, RSSB n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa.

Muri uyu mushinga w’icyitegererezo hazubakwa amazu 1,680, harimo 1,430 aciriritse, ahazatuzwa abantu bari hagati ya 7,500 – 8,000.

Imibare itangazwa na FONERWA igaragaza ko mu gushyira mu bikorwa uyu mushinga hazakoreshwa miliyoni 85 z’Amadorali, ni ukuvuga arenga miliyari 85Frw.

Mu by’ibanze byakozwe harimo isuzuma ku miterere y’agasozi ka Kinyinya no kugaragaza mu buryo bw’igishushanyo imiturire irambye.

Ni ahahoze hakorera Radio y’Abadage ya Deutch Well i Kinyinya mu Mujyi wa Kigali ndetse no mu nkengero zaho.

Ni umushinga kandi uzakorerwa ku buso bungana na hegitari zigera kuri 600, mu gihe ibikorwaremezo byo bizubakwa kuri hegitari 16.

Byari biteganyijwe ko muri uku kwezi kwa Gashyantare ari bwo hatangira ibikorwa byo gukora igishushanyo mbonera rusange, icy’imyubakire ndetse no gusuzuma ingaruka uyu mushinga ushobora kugira ku baturage.

Minisiteri y’Ibidukikije itangaza ko nibura mu 2023 ari bwo ibikorwa byo kubaka bizatangira.

## Reba
Fabregas (umuririmbyi)

**Fabrice Mbuyulu** (wavutse ku ya 13 Kamena 1987), azwi cyane ku izina rye ry'ubuhanzi rya **Fabregas Le Métis Noir**  ni umuhanzi n’umwanditsi w'indirimbo akaba kandi anatunganya umuziki mu nzu ye bwite itunganya umuziki yitwa  Wanted Record yashinzwe mu mwaka wa 2015. Yatangiye umwuga wa muzika ubwo yaririmbaga muri kiliziya gatolika. Azwi kandi nk'umunyamuryango wa Wenge Musica Maison Mère kuva mu mwaka wa 2008 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2011 

## Disikogarafi

### Alubumu za studio

* 2013: *Amour Amour (Editionn Collector)*
* 2014: *Anapipo*
* 2015: *Pona Yo*
* 2015: *Amour Amour (Le metis noir)*
* 2016: *Eliminado*
* 2016: *Je Pense <<Antidote>>*
* 2016: *Je Pense <<Poison>>*
* 2019: *Mise à jour - Volume.1*
* 2019: *Mise à jour - Volume.2*

### Indirimbo

* 2014: *Mascara (Ya Mado)*
* 2015: *Tengana*

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Ibisubizo kuri Fabregas
Gufata neza ibidukikije

Mu bikorwa bya muntu akora buri munsi, haribyo akora byagiza ibidukikije hari n'ibindi yakora kugirango abisigasire bigire imikurire myiza. Muribyo bikorwa byagiza ibidukikije harimo; Gutema amashyamba no kuyatwika no gukoresha amasashi akozwe muri palasitike. Naho uburyo bwo kwita kubidukikije nugukora ubukangurambaga kubijyanye no kubungabunga ibidukikije. Mubidukikije hari amashyamba, amazi, ibimera, umwuka n'ibindi. Kubijyanye no kwita kubidukikije, mu 2008 hatowe itegeko ribuza ikorwa, itumizwa n'ikoreshwa ryamasashi mu Rwanda. 

## Umunsi mpuzamahanga wahariwe wita kubidukikije
Tariki 5 Kamena buri mwaka  kw'isi hose hizihizwa umunsi Mpuzamahanga w’Ibidukikije. 1972 nibwo uyu munsi mpuzampahaga w'ibidukikije washyizweho numuryango w'Abibumbye kugirango bashishikarize isi yose  kwitabira ibikorwa bigamije kurengera ibidukikije no guhangana n'ihidagurika ry'ibihe.

## Impamvu yo gufata neza ibidukikije
Ibidukikije ni kimwe mubyifashishwa mu mibereho yamuntu. bifata ubutaka kugirango budatwarwa ni suri bikanafasha mumihindagurikire y'ikirere. Ibidukikije binadufasha mwiterembere ry'igihugu binyuze mubukerarugendo.

## Ikikorwa byo kwita kubidukikije
Gukora ubukangurambaga bushishikariza abantu gufata neza ibidukikije munzego zitandukanye, gukorera neza ibiti byatewe vuba, gutunganya ubusitani rusange, gushyiraho uburyo bwo gukusanya imyanda kuhantu hahurirwa n'abantu benshi, gukoresha neza amavomero no gufata neza amasoko y’imigezi no gukoresha ifumbire y'imborera.

## Abo bireba
Umunsi Mpuzamahanga w’Ibidukikije n’Icyumweru Cyahariwe Kwita ku Bidukikije mu Rwanda 2017 REMA(Ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije mu Rwanda) yavuyeko kwita kubidukikije ari inshingano yaburi wese.

## Ifatizo
Kurwanya imyanda ya “plastique"

Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe Kurengera Ibidukikije (REMA) Kabera Juliet, yahamagariye amahanga guhuza imbaraga mu rugamba rwo kurwanya no guhagarika ikoreshwa rya plastique’ kuko zigira ingaruka ku buzima bwa muntu n’ibidukikije muri rusange.

Ni mu butumwa yagejeje ku bitabiriye ikiganiro kigaruka ku guhanga n’ingaruka z’imyanda ya ‘plastique’ cyabaye ku wa 13 Mutarama 2022 hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga.

Cyateguwe n’Ihuriro ‘Geneva Environment Network’ ribarizwamo imiryango irenga 100 iharanira kubungabunga ibidukikije n’iterambere rirambye, rirangajwe imbere n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Budukikije (UNEP).

## Intego
Kabera yibukije inzira ndende u Rwanda rwatangiye kera yo kurwanya plastique, rukazana impinduka uyu munsi rukaba rutangwaho urugero rwiza mu kurengera ibidukikije nk’uko NewTimes yabitangaje.

Mu 2004 ni bwo u Rwanda rwashyizeho ingamba zikumira ikoreshwa ry’amashashi n’ibindi bikoresho bya plastique bipfunyikwamo.

Kuva ubwo urugamba rwarakomeje ndetse mu 2019 hatangira gukumirwa n’ikoreshwa ry’ibikoze muri plastique byifashishwa rimwe bigata agaciro, hagamijwe kurwanya umwanda biteza bikanangiza ibidukikije.

Ibirenze kuri ibyo, muri Nzeri 2021 u Rwanda na Peru byatanze igitekerezo cy’umushinga w’amasezerano mpuzamahanga agamije kurwanya plastique n’ingaruka zayo. Hagaragazwamo ko ikibazo cyazo gifite imizi mu kuba zambukiranya imipaka bityo ko no kugikemura ari ho bigomba guhera.

Biteganyijwe ko uzaganirwaho mu Nteko y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yiga ku Bidukikije izaterana hagati yo ku wa 28 Gashyantare no ku wa 2 Werurwe 2022.

## Ingamba
Zimwe mu ngamba u Rwanda rwashyizeho mu guhangana n’ubwiyongere bwa plastique mu gihugu harimo gupfunyika mu bikoresho bibora, cyangwa mu macupa y’ibirahuri akoreshwa n’abaguzi akongera gusubizwa mu nganda (ku binyobwa).

## Ingaruka
Ihuriro Mpuzamahanga ry’imiryango ya Leta n’itari iya Leta ibungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima (IUCN) rigaragaza ko ibisimba byo mu mazi byinshi zitiranya plastique n’udusimba zirya, maze zikazangiriza mu nda ntizibashe kurya zikicwa n’inzara.

Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko ibikoresho bya plastique bigera mu butaka bikamara imyaka myinshi bitarabora. Iyo izuba ribicanyeho cyane bisohora ibibuhumanya, byanatwikwa bikohereza imyuka ihumanye mu kirere.

## Reba
Umwuzure wa Tanzaniya mu wa 2015

Umwuzure wa Tanzaniya mu mwaka wa 2015 wabaye ku ya 4 Werurwe 2015 mu karere ka Shinyanga, muri Tanzaniya. Umwuzure wabaye mugihe cy'imvura ya Tanzaniya, mu ukwezi kwa Werurwe, Mata, na Gicurasi, aho imvura iri hagati ya 150mm na mm 250. Abantu benshi ntibashoboye guhunga umwuzure. Kubera iyo mpamvu, byibuze abantu 50 barapfuye abandi 82 barakomereka mu mwuzure. Nyuma y’umwimerere w'umwuzure wahitanye abantu 38, abandi bapfuye barimo bahabwa ubuvuzi mu bitaro.

Umwuzure wongeye kwibasira abantu bagera ku 3,500. Amazu menshi yangiritse kubera urubura n'umuyaga mwinshi. Ibi byafunze imihanda kandi bituma ibikorwa byo gutabara bigorana. Isambu iri muri kilometero 1000 uvuye i Dar es Salaam, umujyi munini kandi w’ubucuruzi muri Tanzaniya, nawo wagize ingaruka, usenya abaturage bakennye batunzwe n’ubuhinzi bo muri ako karere. Ibihingwa nk'ibigori n'ipamba n'amatungo byatewe n'umwuzure.

## Reba kandi

* Umwuzure wa Malawi mu wa 2015
* Ubumenyi bwa Tanzaniya

## Amashakiro
Ubukangurambaga bwo kwigisha abafundi kubaka inzu zihangana n’ibiza

Minisiteri y’Ibikorwa by’Ubutabazi (MINEMA) yatangije ubukangurambaga bwo guhugura no kwigisha abafundi uko bagomba kujya bubaka inzu neza ku buryo idashobora gusenywa n’imvura mu rwego rwo gukomeza guhangana n’ingaruka ziterwa n’ibiza.

Ubu bukangurambaga bwatangijwe mu Kwezi kwahariwe guhangana n’ingaruka ziterwa n’ibiza bituruka ku mvura aho igenda yereka abafundi uko bakwiye kubaka inzu aho kuzisondeka kuko ari bimwe mu bituma zigwa iyo imvura yaguye.

## Intego
MINEMA iri kugenda ihugura abafundi bo mu turere dutandukanye dukunze kwibasirwa n’ibiza iyo twaguyemo imvura nyinshi aho ibereka uko bakwiye kujya bubaka inzu neza bakanayishyiraho imisingi (Fondation) kugira ngo amazi atazinjiramo akazisenya no kuzirika ibisenge ngo umuyaga utabitwara.

Ubu bukangurambaga bumaze gukorerwa mu Turere twa Rulindo na Nyagatare, bikaba biteganyijwe ko buzagezwa no mu bindi bice bitandukanye by’igihugu cyane cyane ahakunze kwibasirwa n’ibiza.

## Reba
Umujyi wa Kigali ugiye guterwamo ibiti ibihumbi 200

Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi wa Kigali bwatangaje ko muri uyu mwaka wa 2021 mu Mujyi hazaterwa ibiti birenga ibihumbi 200 birimo ibisaga ibihumbi 100 by’imbuto zitandukanye ziribwa kugira ngo iterambere ry’umujyi rirusheho kujyana no kubungabunga ibidukikije.

Mu 2019 u Rwanda rwesheje umuhigo rwari rwarihaye wo kongera amashyamba akagera kuri 30% by’ubuso bw’igihugu, dore ko ubu ageze kuri 30,4%. Ubuso buteye amashyamba mu Mujyi wa Kigali bwo buracyari buto kuko amakuru atangwa n’ubuyobozi bw’uyu mujyi agaragaza ko bungana na 6%.

## Intego

Umuyobozi w’Umujyi wa Kigali, Pudence Rubingisa yabwiye RBA ko muri uyu mwaka bateganya gutera ibiti ibihumbi 200 kugira iterambere ry’umujyi ridasiga inyuma ibidukikije.

Ati “Umujyi wa Kigali ufite ubuso bungana na hegitari zirenga gato ibihumbi 76. Muri bwo, 32% ni ubutaka buri ku buso navuga ko bukomye ubwo ndavuga ko ari ubuso buteganyijwe bugomba kujyamo, amashyamba, ubuso bugomba kugira ibishanga bibungabunzwe bigakorerwamo icyo biteganya gukorerwamo, ni ubuso bugomba kugira ibyanya by’ubuhumekero bw’Umujyi.”

Yavuze ko bihaye iyi ntego nyuma yo kubona ko ubuso bwa Kigali buteyeho amashyamba bukiri buto ndetse ko hari n’amaze gusaza.
Ati “Amashyamba rero dufite mu Mujyi ateye ari ku buso burenga gato hegitari 3600, murumva ko ari nka 5% cyangwa 6%. Muri uyu mwaka dufite gahunda yo gutera ibiti ibihumbi 100 by’imbuto ziribwa dufite na gahunda yo gutera ibindi biti ibihumbi 100 na none bizashyirwa mu mashyamba azwi yo mu Mujyi wa Kigali dushaka kongera kugarura ubona agenda asaza.”

Muri aya mashyamba azavugururwa harimo ayo ku musozi wa Rebero, Mont Kigali na Jali. Muri iyi gahunda kandi biteganyijwemo ko ibisigara bya Leta biri hirya no hino mu Mujyi wa Kigali nabyo bizaterwamo ibiti.

U Rwanda ni kimwe mu bihugu byashyize imbaraga muri politike yo kurengera ibidukikije, by’umwihariko haterwa amashyamba ndetse n’ayashaje agasazurwa.

Muri Ugushyingo 2020, Leta y’u Rwanda yatangije gahunda, aho ibigo byayo n’ibyigenga bihabwa imisozi bizateraho amashyamba bikayakurikirana kugeza akuze hagamijwe gukomeza kwirinda ko amashyamba acika no gukomeza kongera ingano yayo.

Ikigo runaka gihabwa umusozi wo guteraho ishyamba, kikarikurikirana kugeza rikuze ubundi rishyigakirizwa Leta.

Mu rwego rwo gukomeza kurengera amashyamba, Leta iteganya ko 80% by’amashyamba yayo azaba acunzwe n’abikorera mu 2024. Kugeza ubu ubu hegitari 21655 z’amashyamba ya Leta, zingana na 35,58% zimaze kwegurirwa abikorera.

## Reba
Ibiti muri gisagara

Ibiti By’imbuto Ziribwa Byitezweho Umusaruro W’inyabutatu mu karere ka Gisagara.

## Uko byatangiye
Ababyeyi bamwe, abarezi n’abana bo muri Groupe Scolaire Ndora iherereye mu murenge wa Ndora, mu karere ka Gisagara, bavuga ko ibiti by’imbuto ziribwa baterewe bigiye gutangira gutanga umusaruro. Ku wa 7 Ugushyingo 2022, ubwo iki kigo cy’amashuri cyasurwaga n’itsinda ry’abayobozi baturutse mu ntara Rhineland Palatinate yo mu Budage mu karere ka Hatchenburg. Aba bayobozi na bo ndetse n’abandi bagize uruhare mu gutera muri iri shuri ibiti by’imbuto ziribwa.

## ibiti by’imbuto ziribwa
Ibi biti byatwe ku ishuri ndetse ibindi bikorezwa guterwa mu ngo, byitezweho umusaruro ukomeye cyane urimo kurwanya imirire mibi, kwinjiza amafaranga ndetse no guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Bavuga ko izi mbuto zizaba ingirakamaro ku bana babo, zikunganirira ifunguro bafatira ku ishuri no mu ngo, bagakomeza kurya neza indyo yuzuye.

## Umumaro
Bavuga ko ibi biti byera imbuto ziribwa bizabafasha kubaho neza, bakarushaho kwiga neza bagatsinda bishimishije. Imbuto ni nziza mu buzima, ntiwaba wafashe urubuto ngo ugire ubuzima bubi. Nagiri inama bagenzi banjye kwihatira kuzitaho, bazivomera uko bikwiye, bakanazisasira.Ibi biti byitezweho kunganira ishuri mu kugaburira abana indyo yuzuye ifite intungamubiri zihagije. Ikigo cyongere gushishikariza abana kwita kuri biriya biti, birinda kubinyukanyuka, nibyera bizatuma abana bazishima kuko bazabisarura baranagize uruhare mu kubibungabunga.
## Umubare w'ibiti by'atewe
Muri iki kigo hatewe ibiti 2000 harimo 1200 biribwa na 800 byo kurengera ibidukikije hiyongereyeho ibyahawe abana bo mu myaka 1,2 n’uwa 3 y’amashuri abanza bagiye gutera mu ngo iwabo. Mu mirima yacyo iri hanze hatewe ibiti by’avoka, imyembe n’amacunga bikaba bimaze imyaka ibiri ibiri bitewe. Ibyiganjemo imyembe byatagangiye kuzana uruyange, bikaba bigiye gutangira gutanga

umusaruro.

## Amashakiro
Umwuzure wo muri Egiputa mu wa 2016

**Umwuzure wo mu Misiri mu mwaka wa 2016** wari ibiza kamere byibasiye guverineri ya Assuit, Inyanja Itukura, Sohag, Sinayi y'Amajyepfo na Qena mu mpera z'Ukwakira no mu ntangiriro z'Ugushyingo . Abantu 26 barapfuye abandi 72 barakomereka. 

## Reba kandi

* Ubumenyi bwa Misiri
* Inyanja Itukura

## Amashakiro

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* http://reliefweb.int/disaster/fl-2016-000114-egy
* http:
* http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2016/10/30/At-least-22-killed-in-Egypt-floods.html
Gisagara Igendwa

## Intangiriro
Gisagara Igendwa, ni gahunda y'umuryango ugamije gufasha abantu guhinduka no guhindura aho bari (Moucecore), bavuga ko gahunda y’ubukerarugendo busigasira umuco n’**[[ibidukikije]]** hagamijwe iterambere rirambye  ari nk’ikirombe cya zahabu, ikaba yitezweho kuzamura iterambere ry’abatuye Akarere ka Gisagara.

## Gisagara Igendwa
Iyo gahunda Akarere ka Gisagara gahuriyeho n’abafatanyabikorwa batandukanye igamije kumenyekanisha uduce tw’amateka n’ahantu nyaburanga hashobora gukurura ba mukerarugendo nko mu Twicarabami twa Nyaruteja, Mu Mukindo wa Makwaza, ku Byuzi bya Rwabisemanyi n’ahandi. Mu gutangiza iyo gahunda ku wa 25 Werurwe 2022, haherewe ku marushanwa yo gusiganwa ku maguru yahuje urubyiruko yitiriwe ‘Umuhigo wa Ruganzu’. Hatewe n’ibiti harimbishwa ibice by’Akarere ka Gisagara, hagaragazwa n’ahantu hazitabwaho mu bukerarugendo.

## Zahabu i Gisagara
umuntu uvuka mu Karere ka Gisagara ayibonamo ubukungu bwinshi. Hari igihe ushobora kuba wicaye ku kirombe cya zahabu ukaba utaratangira gucukura, ubu rero tugiye gucukura kuko dufite ibirombe bikomeye cyane. Hari ibyo dufite byacu cyane cyane nk’umukino wa Volleyball twifuza ko wabyazwa umusaruro mu buryo bufatika, Utwicarabami twa Nyaruteja ni ikirombe gikomeye kuko ni ahantu hagaragaza ubudasa bw’amasezerano y’amahoro yabaye mu kinyejana cya 16. Icyo gihe Umwami w’u Rwanda n’uw’u Burundi basinyanye amasezerano akomeye cyane kuko n’uyu munsi aracyavugwa.” Yavuze ko ibyo bisobanura ko dipolomasi y’u Rwanda yatangiye mu kinyejana cya 16 mbere y’uko abakoloni baza kandi ko abakurambere b’u Rwanda bari bazi kwishakamo ibisubizo. Ati “Ni byiza rero ko tubwira Isi yose y’uko mu Rwanda amasezerano y’amahoro ari umuco wacu.”

## Amashakiro
Umwuzure wa Maleziya mu mwaka wa 2016

Imvura nyinshi mu ntangiriro za Gashyantare 2016 yateje umwuzure ukomeye muri leta ya Sarawak, Johor, Malacca no mu bice bya Negeri Sembilan .

## Ibice byibasiwe

### Sarawak
Ku ya 9 Gashyantare, umubare w’abimuwe n’umwuzure muri Kuching, Bau, Samarahan na Seriya wazamutse ugera ku bantu 1065 kuva 765 ku bantu,  maze uriiyongera ugera ku barenga 5,600 muri 11 Gashyantare.  Kugeza ku ya 22 Gashyantare, umubare w’abimuwe n’umwuzure ugera ku 7,965.  Umwuzure muri leta watumye ibitaro bikuru bya Sarawak birengerwa n'amazi,  kimwe n'inzoka nyinshi n'ingona nyinshi zizerera mu turere tw’ugarijwe n'umwuzure ndetse zibasira abantu.   Ku ya 20 Gashyantare, umwangavu umwe yahitanywe n'umwuzure nyuma yo kugwa mu mugezi. Kugeza ku ya 26 Gashyantare, abanyeshuri 7,288 bose bahuye n’umwuzure kandi amashuri 10 yakoreshejwe nk’ikigo cy’impunzi cy’agateganyo.  Mu gihe cy'umwuzure, umwarimu n'umuryango we baguye mu mwuzure igihe ikiraro cyahagaritswe cyagwaga. 

### Johor
Ku ya 7 Gashyantare, i Johor hapfuye abantu babiri umwe yatwawe n’umuyaga mwinshi undi agwa mu cyuzi cy’uburobyi.  Ku ya 9 Gashyantare, abimuwe i Tangkak, Ledang na Segamat bagabanutseho gato, bava ku bantu 137 bagera ku 135. 

### Malacca na Negeri Sembilan
Ku ya 8 Gashyantare, abantu bagera ku 4,600 bimuwe muri leta ya Malacca hamwe n’abantu 3,020 bahohotewe bacumbikiwe mu bigo bitandatu by’impunzi byo mu Karere ka Malacca, abahohotewe 1,560 bahungiye mu bigo bitandatu by’impunzi biri mu karere ka Alor Gajah n’abandi 24 bahohotewe mu kigo kimwe cy’ubutabazi mu karere ka Jasin  .  Abimuwe bose baragabanutse bagera ku 189 muri 9 Gashyantare nyuma umwuzure umaze kugabanya ubukana.  

Muri Negeri Sembilan, abimuwe bose hamwe bari 671 guhera ku ya 7 Gashyantare,  bariiyongera bagera kuri 705 ku ya 8 Gashyantare mu gihe ibigo byose by’impunzi byafunze umunsi umwe nyuma y’umwuzure umaze kugabanuka. 

## Ibisubizo

### Abenegihugu
 Maleziya - Minisitiri w’umujyi wa Sarawak Adenan Satem yategetse inzego zibishinzwe gutanga imfashanyo n’ibindi nkenerwa by’ibanze ku bahuye n’umwuzure muri Leta. Guverinoma ya leta ya Sarawak yasezeranyije ko izashaka igisubizo kirambye kugira ngo imyuzure nk'iyi itazongera kubaho mu gihe cya vuba. Mu gihe ishami ry’umuriro n’abatabazi muri Maleziya rikora imirimo yabo ya buri munsi yo gutabara abahohotewe, bafasha kandi gusukura amashuri, imihanda n’amazu y’abazize umwuzure. Kaminuza ya Maleziya Sabah (UMS) ibinyujije muri komite ishinzwe imibereho myiza y’abanyeshuri (JAKMAS) Tun Mustapha Residential College (KKTM) yakoze gahunda yo gufasha abangirijwe n’umwuzure muri Sarawak. Umuryango w’abibumbye muri Maleziya (UMNO) wohereje imfashanyo mu buryo bw’ibiribwa n’ibikoresho nkenerwa ku miryango 1,500 yibasiwe n’umwuzure muri Malacca na Negeri Sembilan.

## Reba kandi

* 2014-15 Maleziya umwuzure
* Umwuzure w'iburasirazuba bwa Maleziya mu wa 2015 

## Amashakiro
Umwuzure wa Leta ya Benue mu wa 2017

**Umwuzure wa Leta ya Benue mu mwaka wa 2017** wabaye muri Nzeri 2017 muri Leta ya Benue, muri Nijeriya .  Yimuye byibuze abantu 100.000,   yangiza amazu arenga 2000. 

## Ikibitera
Ibyumweru by'imvura byatumye imyuzure itemba, isohoka mu migezi yuzura muri Leta ya Benue mu majyaruguru-hagati ya Nijeriya. Uturere 21 kuri 23 twibanze muri Benue twibasiwe nuwo mwuzure.  Umwuzure muri kariya gace urasanzwe kubera imvura nyinshi n’umugezi wa Benue unyura muri ako gace.

## Ingaruka ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere
Umwuzure wasaga nkuwakomeye muri 2012. Umwuzure warengeye ibiraro bibiri bikomeye ku mugezi wa Guma kuri Tor Kpande na Mande Ortom.Imirima hamwe n’ibigega by’ibiribwa nabyo byarasenyutse murako gace katurage bibasiwe nuwo mwuzure. Umuhanda mushya wa Daudu-Gbajimba, n’umuhanda wa kaminuza y’ubuhinzi Makurdi, ntiwarokotse kuko wabaye nyabagendwa nyuma y’ibice byinshi by’imihanda byatwawe n’amazi y’umwuzure. Ubuhinzi muri Benue buhura n’ibibazo byinshi bibangamira ejo hazaza h’ubuhinzi. Ubukonje bw'imvura bwasaga nkaho bwiyongera bukana gabanuka buhoro buhoro. Ikigereranyo cyo gusohora kuri sitasiyo ya hydrologiya ya Makurdi cyari 3468.24 m³s⁻¹, naho amazi menshi yatembye ni 16.400 m³s⁻¹.Ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwa buri munsi n'ubushyuhe bwa buri mwaka bwagendaga bwiyongera buhoro buhoro, aribyo byateye ubushyuhe kwiyongera bikabije. Isesengura ryerekanye ko ubutaka burumbuka mu buryo butagereranywa ariko busaba gukoresha neza ifumbire mvaruganda n’ibinyabuzima. Ibikorwa by'ingenzi by'akazi muri ako karere bishingiye ku buhinzi.

## Amashakiro
Imbuto za chia seed

CHIA SEED
Imbuto za **chia seed** , ni igihingwa cy'indabyo gikomoka mu majyepfo ya Mexico , imbuto za chia zifite. 

Ibara ryirabura n'iryumweru, zikaba zifite diametre hafi ( 0.08 in) imbuto ni hygroscopic ,ikurura inshuro.

Zigera kuri12 uburemere bwayo mu mazi , imbuto za chia zihingwa mu rugero ruto mugihugu.

cyabasekuruza. hagati ya mexico na guatemala ndetse na amerika yo hagati ndetse no mumajyepfo.

## IBISOBANURO
Mu busanzwe imbuto ya chia seed ni ntoya ugereranije ni 2.1mm x 1.3mm x0.8 mm(0.08 in x0.05 in x 0.03) hamwe n'uburemere buringaniye bwa 13mg. mu kinyejana cya 21 Chia seed irahingwa kandi ikoreshwa mu bucuruzi hirya no hino kw'isi. 
Umusaruro w'imbuto uratandukanye bitewe n'ibihingwa, uburyo bwo guhinga, urugero no mumirima yubucuruzi yaza alijantine naza Kolombia irayandukanye mu musaruro uri hagati ya 540 to 1250 kg.  

## AMATEKA
Raporo y'ubuhinzi bw'ubukoroni hamwe n'ubushakashatsi bw'indimi, intara nyishi zateye

igihingwa usibye uduce tw'ikirere gishyuha, agace gakondo kihariye kagizwe n'agace

k'amajyaruguru ya megizike na n'amajyepfo kugeza Guatemala imbuto za Chia zabaye ibiryo by'ingenzi ku mico ya Nahuati.

birashoboka kuba ingenzi nk'ibigori, ibihwagari. abanditsi babajeyuwite bashyiza 

chia seed nk'igihingwa cya gatatu kumuco wa AZTEC , Inyuma y'ibigori n'ibishyimbo

gusa.kandi amaturo y'ubusaseridoti yakundaga kwishyuzwa mumbuto za chia seed gusa.  

## IMIRIRE
Imbuto za chia seed zumye zirimo amazi 6%, 42% bya carbon

na protein ingana na 16%, hamwe n'ibinure 31% . muri 100 gram 

na folate 12%. imbuto zikungahaye ku myunyu ngugu myinshi

harimo calcium, fer, magnesium, manganese., fosifore,na zinc .

ibinure by'amavuta y'imbuto ya chia ntabwo byuzuye hamwe 

na acide ya linoleque y'ibinure . 

## UBUSHAKASHATSI BW'IBANZE BW'UBUZIMA
Ubushakashatsi bw'ibanze buracyari buke kandi nti bushoboka  

mu isuzuma rifatika rya 2015 ubushakashatsi bwinshi ntsbwo bwerekanye

ingaruka zo kurya imbuto za chia  cyangwa se chia seed kubintu byangiza 

umutima mitsi   ntakimenyetso kugeza ubu kerekana ko kurya 

imbuto za chia seed zigira ingaruka cyangwa se zikora nk'ikiyobya bwenge  

Kugeza ubu umutungo ungana na 500,000 bya chia seed yagurishujwe muri 

Amerika muri 2007 nk'udushya cyangwa ibihingwa byo munzu , agera kuri

miliyoni 15 zose kugera muri 2019, ibicuruzwa byinshi bukaba mugihe cy'ibiruhuko.
Umwuzure wa Hobart mu wa 2018

**Mu mwaka wa 2018 Umwuzure wa Hobart** wari ibihe bikomeye by’ikirere mu karere ka Hobart muri Tasmaniya, Ositaraliya byangije byinshi n’umwuzure ku ya 11 Gicurasi 2018.  

Batangajwe ko ari ibiza, biturutse ku byangiritse.  

Ibihe byakurikiyeho nyuma y'icyumweru nabyo byateje ibibazo. 

## Reba kandi

* 1929 Umwuzure wa Tasimani
* Kamena 1947 Umwuzure wa Tasimani

## Inyandiko
Umwuzure wo muri Koreya ya Ruguru mu wa 2018

**Umwuzure wo muri Koreya ya Ruguru mu mwaka wa 2018** watangiye ku ya 28 Kanama 2018, uhitana byibuze abantu 76, abandi bagera kuri 75 baburirwa irengero, usenya amazu arenga 800, bituma abantu bagera 10,700 batagira aho baba. 

Agace kibasiwe cyane ni intara ya Hwanghae y'Amajyaruguru n'Amajyepfo, aho abakorana bushake ba Croix-Rouge y'igihugu bakoze ibikorwa byo gushakisha no gutabara. Inkangu nazo zabaye nyuma y’umwuzure, kandi abantu ibihumbi n’ibihumbi bari bakeneye serivisi z’ubuzima, aho kuba, ibiryo, amazi meza yo kunywa n’isuku.

## Reba kandi

* Umwuzure wo muri Koreya ya Ruguru mu wa 2006 
* Umwuzure wo muri Koreya ya Ruguru mu wa 2007 
* Umwuzure wo muri Koreya ya Ruguru mu wa 2012
*  Umwuzure wo muri Koreya ya Ruguru mu wa 2016
* Igihe cya serwakira ya pasifika mu wa 2017

## Amashakiro
Imyuzure muri Sudani mu wa 2018

Kuva muri Nyakanga kugeza Ugushyingo 2018, Sudani yahuye n’umwuzure mwinshi kubera imvura ikabije . Leta zibasiwe cyane ni Kassala, Kordofan y'Iburengerazuba, na Khartoum .  Kugeza ku ya 16 Kanama, byibuze abantu 23 barapfuye abandi barenga 60 barakomereka.  Kugeza ku ya 5 Ugushyingo, amazu arenga 19,640 yari amaze gusenywa, kandi abantu bagera 222,275 ni bo bibasiwe. 

## Reba kandi

* Umwuzure wa Sudani mu wa 2007 
* Umwuzure wa Sudani mu wa 2013
* Umwuzure wa Sudani mu wa 2020 
* Umwuzure wa Sudani mu wa 2022 

## Amashakiro
Umunsi w'abatagatifu bose Umwuzure wo mu 1436

**Umunsi w'abatagatifu bose Umwuzure wo mu 1436** ku munsi w'abatagatifu bose (1 Ugushyingo) mu mwaka wa 1436 wari umuhengeri wibasiye inkombe zose z'inyanja y'Amajyaruguru ya Bight yo mu Budage. 

Mu mudugudu wa Tetenbüll wo mu majyaruguru ya Frisiyani niho honyine hapfuye abantu 180. Eidum ku kirwa cya Sylt harasenyuka, abahatuye baragenda bashinga umudugudu wa Westerland kubera iyo mpamvu y'umwuzure.  Urutonde kuri Sylt narwo rwarahebwe nyuma y'umwuzure wubatswe kure y'uburengerazuba. Urukuta rwaturitse ku mugezi wa Oste no muri Kehdingen . Ikirwa cya Pellworm cyatandukanijwe n’abaturanyi ba Nordstrand kandi igikuta cyongeye kugaragara mu 1550.

## Amashakiro =saint
gaelle=