Umuganura

Umuganura ni umuhango nyarwanda wizihizwa buri wa 5 wa mbere w’ukwezi kwa Kanama, aho abanyarwanda bizihiza ibyo bagezeho mu buhinzi, ubworozi ndetse n’uburumbuke. Gukomera kuri uyu muhango n’ugusigasira umurage w’u Rwanda kuko umuganura ukubiyemo indangagaciro zirimo kwishimira umusaruro, gukunda umurimo ndetse n’igihugu.

## Amateka

Inzira y’umuganura ni imwe muri 18 zari zigize inzira z’ubwiru mu Rwanda mu gihe k'ingoma ya cyami. Inzira z’ubwiru zarimo iz’ubukungu, iz’umutekano w’igihugu n’inzira zo gukomeza ubwami. Inzira z’ubwiru zerekanaga uko igihugu kiyoborwa mu bihe runaka, niba hateye inzara hakaba inzira igihugu kigomba kunyuramo kugirango bahangane n’icyo kibazo. Mu mateka y’u Rwanda, umunsi w’umuganura wari umunsi mukuru ngarukamwaka wubahwaga kandi ugahabwa agaciro ibwami no mu muryango w’abanyarwanda. Umuganura watangiye kwizihizwa mu Rwanda ku ngoma ya Gihanga Ngomijana mu kinyejana cya kenda, hanyuma uza kongera guhabwa imbaraga na Ruganzu II Ndoli hagati y’imyaka ya 1510-1543 ubwo yabohoraga u Rwanda nyuma y’imyaka irenga cumi n’itanu ruri mu maboko y’abanyamahanga (Abanyoro n’Abanyabungo).

## Umuhango
Abari bashinzwe uwo muhango bitwaga abiru kurubu iyu muhango ukaba ushinzwe gutegurwa  na minisiteri y'umuco mu Rwanda. Abaturage bakoranyaga imyaka hirya no hino mu gihugu bakayijyana ibwami, ku munsi w’umuganura. Umwami agapfukama   yerekana icyubahiro aha abo ayobora ndetse n’Igihugu, agafata umwuko akavuga umutsima afatanyije n’umuganuza, umwamikazi n’umugabekazi bakarya bakanywa ndetse bakaza kunywa n’inzoga, bagatarama bakaza kuvuga ibigwi by’ibyo bakoze mu gihugu. Nyuma y’umuhango wo kuganura hakurikiragaho ibirori by’Umuganura byasozwaga n’igitaramo k’imihigo.Uyu muhango waheraga ibwami Umwami agatanga umuganura bagasangira bishimira umusaruro igihugu kejeje.

Kuva ku Ngoma ya Gihanga Ngomijana kugeza ku ngoma ya ndahahiro cyamatare inzira y’umuganura mu Rwanda yarakorwaga. Gusa Umuganura waje kugira agaciro gakomeye ku ngoma ya Ruganzu II Ndori ubwo yabundukaga aribyo gutahuka k’umwami agasanga igihugu kimaze imyaka 11 kitagira umwami nta n’umuganura utangwa.

## Mbere na nyuma y’abakoroni

Ku rwego rw’Igihugu, Umuganura wayoborwaga n’Umwami afashijwe n’abanyamihango b’Umuganura (abo kwa Rutsobe n’abo kwa Myaka ya Musana) naho ku rwego rw’umuryango, umukuru w’umuryango akaba ari we wayoboraga iyo mihango. Ku munsi w’Umuganura, abayobozi basabanaga n’abayoborwa mu gitaramo k’imihigo, abana bagasabana n’ababyeyi. Ni muri icyo gitaramo cy’Umuganura hamurikwaga ibikorwa by’indashyikirwa (inka nziza, umusaruro ushimishije…) maze abakoze neza bagashimwa, ibigwari bikagawa.

Umuhango w’umuganura mu Rwanda waje kugagarara ku ngoma ya Musinga ubwo umwiru Gashamura ka Rukangirashyamba wari ushinzwe imihango yawo yacirirwaga i Burundi mu mwaka wa 1925. Uyu Gashamura ni umwe uvugwa mu nsigamigani igira iti yaragashize nka gashamura. Kuva icyo gihe Umuganura ntiwongeye kwizihizwa. Nyuma y’uko u Rwanda rubonye ubwigenge, abantu bakomeje kwizihiza Umuganura mu miryango ariko ubuyobozi bwariho muri icyo gihe ntibwashyiramo imbaraga ngo Umuganura uhabwe agaciro ukwiye.

Leta y’u Rwanda igendeye ku byiza n’akamaro Umuganura wagize mu kubaka Igihugu, yawuhaye agaciro gakomeye, ishyiraho n’umunsi w’ikiruhuko uba buri wa Gatanu wa mbere w’ukwezi kwa Kanama. Iteka rya Perezida no 54/01 ryo ku wa 24/02/2017 mu ngingo ya 3 (100) kugira ngo kuri uwo munsi, Abanyarwanda basabane, bunge ubumwe, bazirikane ibyiza bagezeho ari nako bahiga gukora neza kurushaho umwaka utaha.

## Reba Ihuza ryo hanze
https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Amavu-namavuko-yUmuganura-umunsi-ukomeye-mu-mateka-yu-Rwanda

https://web.archive.org/web/20210130144236/https://imvahonshya.co.rw/tumenye-amateka-yumuganura-mu-rwanda-nakamaro-kawo/

https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-45060088.amp