Abiru

### Iyo bavuze U bwiru wumva ik?
Ubwiru "n'ibanga ritamenwa". "Ubwiru ni imihango y'amabanga y'ibwami". Kandi iyo mihango yabaga yarateganyijwe guha umwami ububasha butari ubw'abandi igihe yimikwaga bigatuma abukomeza kandi akabukoresha igihe ari ngombwa. Iyo mihango yose hamwe yari nk'amategeko agizwe n'ibice cumi n'umunani bita inzira, agateganya uburyo buhambaye bwo kurengera igihugu. Muri make , umuntu yavuga ko ubwiru ari imihango umwami yakoraga cyangwa yakorerwaga ho kugira ngo aronke ububasha buhambaye bwo kurengera igihugu. Kurengera igihugu ni uguha buri kinyabuzima  cyose imibereho myiza, uburumbuke n'amahoro. Uretse izerekeye ububasha bw'umwami bwihariye, inzira z'Ubwiru zerekeranye n'ibituma ibinyabuzima byose bishika kuri izo ntego eshatu umwami aharanira: ubuhinzi, ubworozi, umuhigo, ubuvumvu, umuganura, umuriro, umwuzure, rukungugu.

### Ubwiru bwatangiye gute?
Ubwiru si umwihariko w'u Rwanda. Bwabonekaga mu bindi bihugu byinci by'Afurika byagenderega ku mitegekere y'ubwiru. Ubwami bwo mu bhugu byo mu karere k'ibiyaga bigari bwari bufite imihango y'ubwiru: u Burundi, u Bunyabungo, u Bushubi, u Bushiru, Cyingogo, u Busozo, u Bukunzi, u Buha, Kragwe, Ndorwa. Bityo rero, ubwiru si umwihariko w'ingoma nyiginya. Ubwiru si umwihariko w'ubwoko cyangwa w'umuryango. Ariko umwihariko w'ubwiru mu Rwanda nuko ari ho honyine Abiru bashoboraga guhererekanya iyo mihango ku buryo n'ubu ubwiru bugirze ingeri ikomeye y'uburage gakondo w'Abanyarwanda.

Aho Abanyiginya bamariye kugira ingufu bakarema ingoma yabo bigarurira izindi zo mu klarere, Imihango y'ubwiru yari isanzwe ho bongeye ho iyindi. Bavuga ko Rubunga ari we wamenyesheje Gihanga ubwiru bw'ingoma y'Abarenge. Kubera iyo neza ye, yaje guhimbwa izina rya "Mwungura wunguye ingoma ubwiru". Umwami w'u Rwanda Mutara I Semugeshi yahawe "Inzira y'ishora" n'umwami w' u Burundi Mutaga II Nyamubi. Uyu yohereje mu Rwanda abiru be babiri (Nymwonda na Kiniga) kuyitoza abiru b'u Rwanda baboneye ho no kumenya ibindi bice by'ubwiru bw'i Burundi. Bavuga ko umwami Kigeli I Mukobanya yaronse ubwiru bw'Abatsobe b'i Bumbogo n'i Rukoma amaze kuhigarurira. Umwami Ruganzu II Ndori abuundutse yasanze umwami Minyaruko w'u Busigi amubwira iby'ubwiru bw'ingoma,amurangira n'aho abiru ba Ndahiro II Cyamatare bahishe ingoma z'u Rwanda. Umuhungu wa Minyaruko, Nyamigezi, ni we wagiye i Cyungo mu Buberuka kuramvura karinga na bagenzi bayo bane, nulo izo ngoma aziha Ruganzu II Ndori. Ibi byose biragaragaza ko ubwiru bw'ingoma y'Abanyiginya bwakomotse impande nyinshi. Abiru b'u Rwanda bagiye bongera ibyo bungutse mu byo basanganywe maze bakanihuza n'uruhiriri rw'imihango y'u Rwanda.

Hari uwa kwibaza ati "Ubwiru bwatangiye kuba ho ryari?". Imihango y'ubwiru yabaye ho kuva kera cyane kubera ko buri bwami bwemeraga ko hari ububasha budasanzwe umwami yashoboraga kubona muri iyo mihango, bigatuma igihugu cye kigira uburumbuke n'umunezero. Bwashyiraga ho rero abashinzwe iyo mihango. Ubwami bwose bwo mu karere k'ibiyaga bigari bwari bufite ubwiru. Mu by'ukuri biragoye kumenya ahantu n'igihe ubwiru batangiriye ho.

### Iherezo ry'Ubwiru bw'ingoma y'Abanyiginya
Ingoma y'Abanyiginya yagiye isigarana ubwiru bw'ingoma z'ibihugu yatsinze. Ubwiru bwabo bwatangiye guhabwa umwanya ukomeye mu buyobozi bw'igihugu ku ngoma z'abami Cyirima I Rugwe, Kigeli I Mukobanya, na Mibambwe I Mutabazi. Abandi bami ngo bagize uruhare rugaragara mu mitunganyirize y'ubwiru ni Ruganzu II Ndori na Yuhi IV Gahindiro. Abiru bagiye bagira ijambo riniri mu miyoborere y'igihugu.

Mu mwaka wa 1925 ni bwo ubutegetsi bushinzwe ubuyobozi bw'u Rwanda bwavanyeho imihango y'Ubwiru, n'umutware w'inteko y'Abiru, Gashamura ka Rukangirashyamba, agacirwa i Burundi. Kuva mu mwaka 1931 umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa yimikwa n'Abategetsi bashinzwe ubuyobozi bw'u Rwanda, Abiru ntibongeye kugaragara mu mihango y'ibwami kuko igihugu cyari cyiyemeje kugendera ku matwara mashya ya gikiristu. Abiru bongeye gusunutsa umutwe mu gihe cy'iyimikwa ry'umwami Kigeli V Ndahindurwa amaze kwima yagerageje kuzanzamura urwo rwego ashyira ho Abiru bashya, ariko nta kintu kigaragara bakoze kuko hahise haba ho imyivumbagatanyo yo mu 1959 yaje kugera ku ivanwa ho ry'Ubwami.

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