open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Visibly

**Ikigaragara** ni uko cyahoze cyitwa **Opternative**, ni isosiyete ikorera muri telehealth ikorera mu mujyi wa Chicago itanga ibizamini byo ku murongo kandi ikabyara indorerwamo z'amaso hamwe n'ibisobanuro byandikirwa.

## Ibisobanuro
Biboneka ko itanga umurongo wibizamini byerekanwe kandi ikabyara indorerwamo z'amaso hamwe na lens lens ya progaramu kubasura urubuga, gutanga ibisubizo ukoresheje imeri mugihe cyumunsi umwe urangije ikizamini. Ibisubizo by'ikizamini bisubirwamo na optometriste, bifatwa nk'ibicuruzwa byemewe, kandi birashobora gukoreshwa mugutumiza ibirahuri cyangwa imibonano kuri interineti cyangwa imbonankubone ku mucuruzi w'amaso. Isosiyete ubwayo ntabwo igurisha imfashanyigisho iyo ari yo yose, kandi ikura amafaranga yinjira mu mafaranga yishyuza ibizamini. 

## Amateka
Isosiyete yashinzwe nka Opternative mu 2012 n’ikizamini cyayo cyo kuri interineti yatangijwe mu 2015.  Mu Gushyingo 2018, isosiyete yakusanyije miliyoni 9 z'amadolari  ihindura izina iva Opternative ihinduka Biboneka mu kwezi gukurikira. 

Kugeza muri 2019, leta 39 zo muri Amerika zemerera optometriste gutanga imiti kuri enterineti. Ibihugu bimwe na bimwe ariko byagerageje kubuza isosiyete gukora ubucuruzi. Urugero, mu mwaka wa 2016, leta ya Indiana yemeje itegeko ribuza gukoresha ibizamini by’amaso ku murongo kugira ngo hatangwe imiti y’amaso kugira ngo hakorwe "igikoresho cy’amaso". Ikigaragara ni uko yatanze ikirego kuri Leta muri Mata 2019, avuga ko kwinjiza ibikoresho by'amaso mu itegeko rya telehealth - ryarimo ibiyobyabwenge byo gukuramo inda na opioide - byatewe n'igitutu cy’abaganga ba optometriste n'inganda z'amaso aho kwita ku buzima rusange, kandi yakoreshwaga mu karengane, ashyira ahagaragara akanama gashinzwe gutanga impushya zo kwa muganga muri Indiana, umushinjacyaha mukuru wa Indiana, Curtis Hill hamwe n’umuyobozi wa Leta mu ishami rishinzwe kurengera umuguzi, Betsy Dinardi, nk’abaregwa.

Muri Gicurasi 2019, nyuma y’igitutu kinini cy’ishyirahamwe ry’abanyamerika Optometric (AOA), ikizamini cyo kureba ku murongo cyari cyaributswe n’uru ruganda, nkuko byatangajwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’ibiribwa n’ibiyobyabwenge muri Amerika (FDA). 

Muri Mata 2020, mu rwego rwo guhangana n’icyorezo cya Coronavirus, FDA yatanze amabwiriza  yo kwagura ubushobozi bwo gusuzuma indwara z’amaso ya kure, no korohereza ubuvuzi bw’abarwayi mu gihe cy’icyorezo. Ikigaragara ni uko kizatanga ku isi hose kizatanga optometriste, abaganga b’amaso, n’abatanga serivisi za optique kubona ubuntu ku buhanga bwa tekinoroji yo gupima iyerekwa, kugira ngo bafashe abarwayi guhaza ubuzima bwabo bw’amaso mu gihe cy’icyorezo . 

Muri Kanama 2022, Biboneka ko yakiriye FDA 510 (k) kugirango ikoreshwe ikizamini gishingiye kuri terefone igendanwa  byaba byiza itanze imiti ivugurura abantu bari hagati ya 22 na 40.  Biboneka ko yabaye ikizamini cya mbere cyerekanwe kuri FDA muri Amerika. 

## Ishakiro
Telemedicine service providers

Uru rutonde **rwabatanga serivise za telemedisine** ni urwa telemedisine izwi cyane, telehealth, hamwe nabatanga ubuzima na mobile . Ibi birimo ibikoresho byita kubuvuzi bwa kure, serivisi cyangwa urubuga rukoreshwa mu ntambwe zihariye mu nganda zita ku buzima, no kuvura kwa muganga.

## Porogaramu ya software ihuza abarwayi nabashinzwe ubuzima

* Curoflow - Yashinzwe muri 2020. Porogaramu ya telemedisine yo muri Suwede ituma abashinzwe ubuzima batanga umuryango w’imbere ku barwayi babo. 
* AccuRx - Yashinzwe muri 2016. Isosiyete ikora software yo mu Bwongereza itanga serivisi zo kohereza abaganga kuvugana n’abarwayi binyuze mu nyandiko.  
* Amwell - Yashinzwe mu 2006. Yahoze yitwa American Well, isosiyete ikora telemedine ihuza abarwayi n'abaganga kurubuga rwa videwo rwizewe. 

## [[Ubuhanga]]
SmileDirectClub - Yashinzwe muri 2014. Isosiyete ikora itumanaho itanga serivisi zo kugorora amenyo. 

Teleradiologiya

## Ibikoresho byitaweho

* Ivuriro rya Amazone - Ryashinzwe mu 2022. Imwe mumurongo wa Amazone mubuvuzi. 
* Impuhwe Virtual - Yashinzwe muri 2015. Ikigo cyita ku buzima gikora gusa hakoreshejwe telemedisine.  
* Ubuzima bwa Teladoc - Yashinzwe mu 2002. Isosiyete ikora ubuvuzi bwa telemedisine hamwe n’ubuvuzi busanzwe bufite icyicaro muri Amerika cyorohereza gusurwa hagati y’abarwayi n’abaganga.   

## Dutandukanye

* Ubuzima bwa Hims & Hers - Yashinzwe muri 2017. Isosiyete y'Abanyamerika ya telehealth igurisha imiti yandikiwe na imiti irenga kuri interineti (cyane cyane ivura imikorere mibi yumusatsi no guta umusatsi), hamwe nibicuruzwa byita kumuntu.
* Phreesia - Yashinzwe mu 2005. Porogaramu-nka-serivise itanga serivise yo gufata neza abarwayi.  
* Iwawe. MD - Isosiyete ikora ibijyanye nubuzima bwa digitale ikoresha AI kugirango itange abakoresha amakuru yubuzima binyuze kuri chatbot. 
* Zocdoc - Yashinzwe mu 2007. Serivisi ishinzwe ubuvuzi bwo kumurongo hamwe nubushakashatsi bwubuvuzi. 

## Shakisha
General Maxwell R. Thurman Award

**Igihembo cya Jenerali Maxwell R. Thurman** gitangwa mu izina ry’umuyobozi mukuru w’ingabo z’Amerika z’ubushakashatsi ku buvuzi n’ubuvuzi bwa Materiel mu nama ngarukamwaka y’Abanyamerika ya Telemedicine Association (ATA) mu rwego rwo gushimira umuntu ugaragaza kandi agaragaza imico n’ibiranga bikurikira: a umuyobozi wavutse kavukire, udushya, umuntu utera impinduka nziza, nyampinga wumusirikare, nintangarugero yiterambere ryikoranabuhanga kugirango azamure ubuzima bwabakozi bacu. Iki gihembo cyitiriwe inyenyeri enye Jenerali Maxwell R. Thurman, wabaye nyampinga w’umusirikare akaba intangarugero mu iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga. Icyivugo cye kizwi cyane cyanditswe kuri iki gihembo ni iki gikurikira: "Inshingano y’ishami ry’ubuvuzi ry’ingabo ni ugutanga ubuvuzi bw’impanuka zo ku rwego rw’isi ku mutungo w’agaciro muri Amerika - Ni Abahungu n’abakobwa - Mu mahoro n’intambara!"  Iki gihembo cyatanzwe bwa mbere muri DoD "Ihuriro ryambere" n’uwashizeho, BG Russ Zajtchuk mu 1995, ubu ni umuco ngarukamwaka muri buri nama ya ATA.

## Urutonde rwibihembo yahawe

## Ishakiro
TeleMAT

**TeleMAT** ni ihuriro rya serivisi za telehealth hamwe n’imiti ifasha imiti (MAT) na Buprenorphine kubarwayi ba Opioid Use Disorder (OUD).  

## Incamake
Nk’uko bitangazwa n’ubuyobozi bushinzwe serivisi zita ku buzima bwo mu mutwe (SAMHSA), ijambo “MAT” ryerekeza ku “gukoresha imiti, hamwe n’ubujyanama hamwe n’ubuvuzi bw’imyitwarire, kugira ngo hatangwe uburyo bw’umurwayi wose mu kuvura ibiyobyabwenge. imvururu. ”Ubuyobozi bugaragaza kandi akamaro ko gukemura ibindi bibazo by'ubuzima mu gihe cyo kwivuza. 

Minisiteri y’ubuzima n’ibikorwa by’Amerika (HHS) isobanura Telehealth, cyangwa telemedisine, nk'inzira yo kwita ku “kureka umuganga wawe akaguha ubuvuzi utagusuye ku biro byawe. Telehealth ikorwa cyane cyane kumurongo hamwe na enterineti kuri mudasobwa yawe, tablet, cyangwa terefone. " 

Muri 2019, ijambo "TeleMAT" ryahimbwe nitsinda rya QuickMD ryerekeza kuri serivisi yo guha MAT abarwayi binyuze kuri telehealth.  

## Reba
Remote therapy

**Ubuvuzi bwa kure**, rimwe na rimwe bwitwa **porogaramu z'ubuzima bwa telemental**   uburyo bwo kuvura imitekerereze **ya interineti** bushingiye kuri interineti, itangazamakuru rya elegitoronike mu mwanya cyangwa hiyongereyeho imitekerereze isanzwe imbonankubone .

Ku ikubitiro, byari bigamije mbere na mbere gusimbuza imiti isanzwe, imbonankubone aho umukiriya cyangwa umurwayi asabwa gusura ibiro by’abavura indwara zo mu mutwe. Kwiyongera ariko, abize biga gukoresha itangazamakuru rya elegitoronike mukuvura kugirango bashakishe uburyo bwo gutanga imiti kandi ishobora kuvura neza.

Nyuma yo gusuzuma ubushakashatsi cumi na butatu bufite akamaro, abanditsi ba meta-gusesengura isuzuma rya psychotherapi bahujwe n’ikoranabuhanga rya kure ry’itumanaho banzuye ko:

Ubuvuzi bwa kure bufite ubushobozi bwo gutsinda zimwe mu mbogamizi kuri serivisi zisanzwe zo kuvura imitekerereze. Ibikorwa bishingiye kuri terefone nibyo byibandwaho cyane mubushakashatsi kandi nkuburyo bwo gutumanaho buvura bushobora gutanga inyungu zihariye mubijyanye no kuboneka kwinshi no koroshya imikorere. Ariko, ibimenyetso bihari bigarukira mubwinshi no mubwiza. Ibigeragezo bikaze birasabwa kwemeza ibigereranyo byambere byingirakamaro. 

## Ingero
Nubwo hatabayeho ubushakashatsi bwuzuye, ubuvuzi bwa kure bwagiye bukundwa cyane nkumusimbura wubuvuzi gakondo hamwe nuburyo bushya bushoboka hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa elegitoroniki. Ingero zirimo:

Igisirikare cy’Amerika cyatangije gahunda aho abasirikare ku rugamba bitabira ubujyanama bushingiye kuri videwo hamwe n’abafatanyabikorwa babo mu rugo. 

AbleTo  ikoresha ubuvuzi bwa kure kugirango yongere ubumenyi bushingiye ku bimenyetso kandi itangire uburyo bushya bwo guhanga udushya, urugero, uburyo bushingiye ku matsinda yo gukoresha uburyo bwo kuvura ubwenge bwifashishwa mu kuvura no gutoza uruhushya.

Ivuriro rya Mayo, ritanga amasomo ya kure yo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe abarwayi bafite ikibazo cy’ubwonko. Ukoresheje urubuga rwa interineti rwizewe, rwihuta rwohereza ubutumwa, umuvuzi ukorera mu biro akora gahunda yo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe umurwayi, uguma mu rugo rwe cyangwa hafi ye. 

Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ubuzima n’ubuvuzi (NIHR) cyasohoye isuzuma ry’ubushakashatsi bwerekana uburyo ubuvuzi bwa kure hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga ry’ubuzima bwa digitale rishobora gufasha gucunga ubuzima. 

## Reba kandi
Telemedicine  

## Reba
Ingando z'abafite ubumuga

mu rwego rwo guha abafit ubumuga agaciro ndetse no kubaremamo ubushobozi mumirimo itandukanye 

ya burimunsi harimo n'imyidagaduro, aho usanga abamugaye bafite amakipe bakiniramo imikino igiye

itandukanye hirya no hino kw'Isi.bakagira ndetse n'amashyirahamwe bibumbiramo.

## Ingando z'abafite ubumuga mu Rwanda
ku nshuro yambere muri Africa habereye ingando y'abafite ubumuga baturutse hirya no hino mu karere ikaba yarakiriwe

nu Rwanda muri 2012. Uretse u Rwanda ruzakira izi ngando, abandi bakinnyi bazaturuka, mubihugu birimo, **Kenya, Uganda, Tanzaniya, Ethiopia**, ndetse na Repuburika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo.

## Intego y'ingando y'abamugaye
Iyo ngando igamije kwiga no guhugura ku bijyanye n'imikino y'abafite ubumuga yakozwe n'abana 

bari hagati y'imyaka 16n na 20 yitabirwa kandi n'abakinnyi bagera kuri 70 bakomoka mu karere. 

## Ishakiro
Online patient education

**Kwigisha abarwayi kumurongo**, bizwi kandi kwizina **ryabarwayi kumurongo**, nuburyo bwo gutanga amakuru yubuvuzi nuburere ku barwayi ukoresheje uburyo bwo gucunga imyigire yatanzwe binyuze kuri interineti.  Nubwoko bwinyigisho zishingiye kuri mudasobwa kandi zirimo amahugurwa y'urubuga, ibikoresho bikururwa, amasomo yo kwigira, hamwe n'amajwi / amashusho. Mubisanzwe, kwigisha abarwayi kumurongo byunganirwa ninama zumuntu ku giti cye zijyanye na buri muntu.

## Imikorere rusange
Inzobere mu buzima zikoresha inyigisho z’abarwayi kuri interineti kugirango zitegure abarwayi uburyo bwo kwivuza, gutanga ibyangombwa no kumenyesha impapuro zemeza uruhushya, kwigisha abarwayi ibijyanye n’ubuzima, gutanga amakuru ajyanye no kwita ku kwirinda, gushishikariza imyitwarire myiza n’imihindagurikire y’imibereho, n'ibindi. abarwayi kubyerekeye politiki yo gukwirakwiza. 

Kwigisha abarwayi kumurongo bigenda byamamara mugihe interineti yo murugo igenda iba rusange kandi ibikorwa byubuvuzi bigenda bikoresha ikoranabuhanga.   Abarwayi bareba porogaramu zo kwigisha abarwayi kumurongo hamwe nibikoresho mubiro byubuvuzi cyangwa kuva mu ngo zabo cyangwa ahandi hantu hitaruye bafite interineti. Ibirimo birashobora gushiramo ibintu byimikorere nkibibazo, ibibazo bizima nibisubizo (mumahugurwa y'urubuga ruciriritse), hamwe nubushobozi bwo kuzuza no gutanga impapuro.

## Uburezi hashingiwe ku bwoko bw'abarwayi

### Ku Ahantu
Inyigisho iyo ari yo yose yatanzwe mu magambo n’ubuvuzi ku murwayi umwe cyangwa itsinda ry’abarwayi irashobora gufatwa nk’ahantu h’uburere bw’abarwayi. Nubwo ubu aribwo buryo bukoreshwa cyane muburyo bwo kwigisha abarwayi butwara igihe, burashobora kugira ibibazo bihoraho, kandi bushingiye cyane kubushobozi bwumurwayi ku giti cye bwo kwakira, kumva, no kugumana amakuru kumvugo.

### Impapuro zishingiye
Uburyo bwa kabiri busanzwe. Igitabo cyose cyamakuru ku biro byita ku buzima kiri munsi yiki cyiciro. Ibyiza byibikoresho byacapwe nuko abarwayi bashobora gusubira kumakuru.

### Ku rubuga
Inyigisho z'abarwayi zitangwa n'abashinzwe ubuzima babinyujije kurubuga rwe, portal yihariye, cyangwa EHR. Urubuga rushingiye kumurongo rushobora gutangwa muburyo bwa Asynchronous na Synchronous .

## Ibyiza
Kwigisha abarwayi bafite ikoranabuhanga rya interineti birashobora kuba byiza  haba mubikorwa byubuvuzi ndetse n’abarwayi kuko biha abashinzwe ubuzima amahirwe yo gukora ibikoresho byuburezi byuzuye bitangwa buri gihe, aho gushingira ku nama imbonankubone aho amakuru atangirwa n'umukozi.  Abarwayi ntibakeneye ubumenyi bwa mudasobwa / urubuga rwo gukoresha ubu buryo bwo kwiga. Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe ku barwayi 3200 bwerekanye ko n’abarwayi batazi gukoresha mudasobwa banyuzwe n’uburezi bw’abarwayi kuri interineti mu rwego rwo kwiga ibijyanye n’ubuvuzi.

## Ishakiro
Lark Health

**Lark Health** nisosiyete yubuzima y’Abanyamerika ifite icyicaro i Mountain View, muri Californiya . Itanga urubuga rwa 24/7 rwubuforomo mubihe byigihe kirekire, rukoreshwa nubwenge bwubuhanga (AI) kandi rufite interineti -ubutumwa bwanditse . Lark itanga kandi abaforomo ba AI kuvura diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2, kwita ku hypertension, guhagarika itabi, gucunga ibibazo, umubyibuho ukabije, n'ibindi byinshi ku barwayi miliyoni 1.5. 

Lark irazwi cyane ko yashyizwe kuri terefone zose za Samsung Galaxy S5 muri 2014. 

## Amateka
Lark yashinzwe na Julia Hu na Jeff Zira. Yabanje gukora monitor yubuzima bwibitotsi yambarwa kumaboko yumuntu. Yakozwe kugirango ikangure umuntu wambaye igikoresho atabangamiye undi muntu wese ushobora kuryama hafi.  Ibicuruzwa ntibyatinze kugurishwa mububiko bwa Apple ku isi yose.  

Lark yaje kwibanda cyane kubwenge bwa artile kandi bike kubikoresho. Kugeza 2014, Lark yabanjirijwe kuri terefone zose za Samsung Galaxy S5 . 

Porogaramu ya Lark yibanda ku bihe bisanzwe bisanzwe nk'umubyibuho ukabije, kwirinda diyabete, diyabete, na hypertension.  Gahunda yo Kurinda Diyabete (DPP) yemewe ku mugaragaro n'Ikigo gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara (CDC) nka DPP kuri interineti. 

Ingaruka za Lark zasuzumwe n’ubushakashatsi bwasohotse mu *kinyamakuru cy’ubuvuzi bwa interineti bw’ubuvuzi bwa Diyabete*, 

## Serivisi
Lark ifite gahunda zubuzima zihariye zibanda ku barwayi barwaye diyabete, hypertension, prediabete cyangwa bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2, n'ubuzima muri rusange. Serivisi za Lark zitangwa kandi zihita zihuza hamwe na bluetooth- ishoboye kugenzura ibikoresho byubuzima nka monitor yumuvuduko wamaraso murugo, glucometero, abakurikirana ibikorwa, nubunini bwumubiri . Porogaramu zimwe zemerera porogaramu hamwe nibikoresho kimwe cyangwa byinshi byahujwe gukoreshwa. 

## Reba
Monument (company)

**Monument Inc.** ni isosiyete ikora telemedine itanga ubuvuzi kumurongo kubibazo byo kunywa inzoga . Itanga ubuvuzi hamwe nabaganga hamwe nitsinda ryamatsinda binyuze mumuhamagaro . Urwibutso rwashinzwe mu mujyi wa New York mu 2020 na Mike Russell. Kugeza 2023, yari ifite nibura abakoresha 100.000.

## Amateka
Rwiyemezamirimo Mike Russell yatangiye Urwibutso nyuma yo kugurisha ku nshuro ye ya gatatu, Paintzen, ubwo yamenyaga ko yari umusinzi cyane kandi ko arwana no kunywa inzoga nyinshi . Urwibutso rwakiriye miliyoni 7.5 z'amadolari y'inkunga y'imbuto mu 2019 mbere yo gutangira ku mugaragaro mu ntangiriro za 2020. 

Urwibutso rwabonye Tempest, urubuga rwa interineti rwo kwita ku kugarura inzoga, mu 2020. 

Muri Werurwe 2023, Urwibutso rwatangaje ko rwashyize ahagaragara amakuru y’abakoresha ku masosiyete nka Facebook, Google, Microsoft, na Pinterest binyuze mu gukoresha urubuga rwabo. Muri iryo tangazo rimwe, Urwibutso rwavuze ko bakuyeho imikoreshereze yose y’abakurikirana urubuga.  

## Reba
Sword Health

**Sword Health** nisosiyete yubuzima itanga ubuvuzi bwumubiri kandi bwa digitale .  Sword Health yashinzwe muri Porutugali mu 2015 na Virgílio Bento na Márcio Colunas, isosiyete yatangije ifite agaciro ka miliyari 2 z'amadolari mu Gushyingo 2021. 

## Amateka
Ubuzima bwa Sword bwashinzwe mu 2015 na Virgílio Bento na Márcio Colunas. 

Ubuzima bwa Sword bwatangiye gukorerwa ubucuruzi muri Amerika muri Mutarama 2020. Ugushyingo 2021, isosiyete yakoresheje abaganga bagera kuri 60 bo kuvura umubiri. Serivise yisosiyete igurishwa kubakoresha babaha abakozi nkinyungu.  

## Reba kandi

* List of unicorn startup companies
* Telerehabilitation
* List of digital therapeutics companies

## Ishakiro
Cosmobot

**CosmoBot** ni robot ya prototype ya telerehabilitation yagenewe kuvura abana bafite amahano nka Autism Spectrum disorders, Down Syndrome, ubumuga bwubwonko, dystrofi yimitsi, apraxia, indwara zifata ubwonko, hamwe niterambere ryururimi. 

## Reba kandi

* Autism therapies
* Autism friendly
* Educational Psychology
* Physical Therapy
* Telerobotics
* Voice command device
* AT Kid Systems
* RERC on Telerehabilitation 

## Ishakiro
Twine (device)

**Twine** nigikoresho cyonyine cyifashisha sensor kugirango umenye ibice byacyo kandi uhuza umuyoboro wa Wi-Fi kugirango uvugane. Amategeko yashyizwe muri Twine arashobora kugerageza imiterere ya sensor kandi, ashingiye kuri logique, kohereza ubutumwa ukoresheje imeri cyangwa SMS, gukora HTTP, cyangwa gucana LED .  Irashobora gukora nkamakuru yinjira .

Igikoresho cyakozwe na Supermechanical muri Amerika giturutse ku nkunga yakusanyijwe kuri Kickstarter . Intego yabo yambere yari $ 35,000 nyamara bakusanyije $ 556.541 kubaterankunga 3.966 ku ya 3 Mutarama 2012.  Ibicuruzwa byoherejwe neza mu Gushyingo 2012. Kuva ku ya 5 Mata 2016, Supermechanical ntagikora Twine.  

## Ishakiro
HomeLink Wireless Control System

**HomeLink Wireless Control Sisitemu** ni radiyo yoherejwe na radiyo (RF) yinjizwa mumamodoka amwe n'amwe ashobora gutegurwa kugirango akoreshe ibikoresho nk'ifungura imiryango ya garage, amatara agenzurwa na RF, amarembo n'ifunga, harimo n'abafite kodegisi.

Sisitemu isanzwe igaragaramo buto eshatu, akenshi ziboneka kumurongo wuruhande rwumushoferi cyangwa kuri konsole yo hejuru, ishobora gutegurwa hakoreshejwe imyitozo ikurikirana kugirango isimbuze igenzura rya kure. Ihujwe na benshi bafungura urugi rwa garage igenzurwa na garage, kimwe na sisitemu yo gukoresha urugo nkurwo rushingiye kuri protocole X10 .

Yatsindiye igihembo cya PACE mu 1997, kubera gutanga ikoranabuhanga mu binyabiziga hagamijwe kunoza imikoranire y'abaguzi hagati y'imodoka n'inzu.  Kugeza 2003, yari imaze gushyirwaho ku modoka zirenga 20.000.000.  Ubusanzwe yakozwe na Johnson Controls, umurongo wibicuruzwa HomeLink wagurishijwe kuri Gentex muri 2013. 

HomeLink irahuza nibikoresho bya radiyo ikoresha hagati ya 288 na 433 MHz. Hitamo 2007 kandi ibinyabiziga bishya birahuye na 433 MHz. 

## Reba
Laundroid

**Laundroid** yari imashini imesa imyenda hamwe na robot yo murugo, yakoreshwaga mu guhita yoza (Kumesa), yumye (kumisha), icyuma, gutondekanya no kuzinga imyenda kugeza mu kabati kabigenewe. Yiswe robot ya mbere y’imyenda yo kumesa ku isi,  kandi byari biteganijwe ko izabanza kugurishwa mu Buyapani, hanyuma, ku mubare muto, muri Amerika. Itariki yo gusohora yashyizwe muri 2017, mbere yo gutumiza guhera muri Werurwe 2017.

## Imikorere
Sisitemu yo kumenyekanisha amashusho hamwe namaboko ya robo yatwaye iminota 3 kugeza 10 yo gutoranya no kuzinga buri kintu, cyangwa ijoro ryose kugirango umutwaro wo kumesa. 

## Amateka
Laundroid yatangijwe bwa mbere kandi yerekanwe mu imurikagurisha rya elegitoroniki ry’abaguzi rya CEATEC 2015 ryabereye i Tokiyo, mu Buyapani. Yatejwe imbere na Daiwa Inzu, Panasonic, na Inzozi zirindwi.

Mu Gushyingo 2016, Indoto zirindwi zatangaje ko zabonye miliyoni 60 z'amadolari y'Amerika mu gutera inkunga Series B iyobowe na Panasonic Corp., Daiwa House Industry Co, na SBI ishoramari 

Imashini za mbere zashoboraga gusa kuzinga imyenda yo gufunga, ariko ibicuruzwa byanyuma - gukaraba neza, gukama no kubika - byari biteganijwe gusohoka muri 2019.   

Ku ya 23 Mata 2019, Inzozi zirindwi zatangaje ko zahombye.  Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku nguzanyo Teikoku Databank kivuga ko bari bafite amadeni miliyoni 20 y’amadeni 200.

## Reba ibindi

* Ironing
* FoldiMate
* Domestic robots
* Home automation
* Combo washer dryer

## Shakisha
COTTARU

**COTTRARU** ni coperative y'abantu bafite ubumuga bo mu karere ka Rubavu bibumbiye hamwe bagamije kwiteza imbere no kwikura mu bwigunge.

Abibumbuye muri koperative **COTTRARU** bakorera mu karere ka Rubavu. 

Iyi koperative imaze hafi imyaka 15 abanyamuryango ifasha abanyamuryango bayo guhindura imibereho yabo nyuma yo guhuza imbaraga nk'abafite ubumuga.

## Amateka
Mu mujyi wa Rubavu, ku mupaka muto wa Petite Barrière, hari koperative y’abafite ubumuga yitwa COTTRARU, ibumbiyeho abagabo n’abagore bafite ubumuga 

butandukanye batwara imizigo ku magare. Yashinzwe mu 2011 n’abantu 28, ubu ikaba ifite abanyamuryango 94, n’imigabane irenga miliyoni 2 Frw, 

ndetse bari kubaka inzu ya koperative imaze gutwara asaga miliyoni 110 Frw.

## Abivuvurwa
Abanyamuryango bayo bavuga ko kwishyira hamwe byabahaye icyizere cy’ubuzima, bikabavana mu bwigunge n’ubusabirizi, ubu bakabasha kwitunga, kwishyurira abana amashuri, no kugira uruhare mu iterambere ry’imiryango yabo.

Hari batangaje ko mbere bari mu buzima bwo kwiheba, ariko koperative yabahaye icyizere n’ubushobozi bwo gukora, kwihangira imirimo no gutunga imiryango yabo.

## Ubuyobozi bwa COTTRARU
Perezida wa koperative Niyonzima Vedaste, avuga ko iyi koperative yahinduye ubuzima bw’abanyamuryango bayo, ikabafasha kubona inguzanyo no kwiteza imbere.

Imibare ya NISR (2022) igaragaza ko 3.4% by’Abanyarwanda bafite ubumuga, kandi ko abafite akazi ari 30% gusa, ibyo bigaragaza icyuho mu kubona akazi, ariko COTTRARU ikaba urugero rw’uko bishoboka kwiteza imbere n’ubwo umuntu afite ubumuga.

Abayobozi b’amashyirahamwe y’abafite ubumuga na bo basaba abanyamakuru n’abafite ubumuga kwandika no kugaragaza ubushobozi bwabo kugira ngo bibere abandi icyitegererezo.

Mu magambo ya Perezida wa koperative, “Ubumuga si iherezo ry’ubuzima; iyo duhuriye hamwe tugahuza imbaraga, buri wese ashobora kubaka ejo hazaza heza.”

## Amashakiro
Invoke Image Display

**Invoke Image Display (Mu [[ikinyarwanda]]: Saba Ishusho Yerekana)** (IID) ni Umwirondoro wa IHE woroshya umurimo wo guhuza sisitemu itazi amashusho nka EHRs, EMRs, PHRs, RIS nizindi sisitemu yamakuru hamwe na sisitemu izi amashusho nka PACS, VNA hamwe nogusangiza amashusho, by gutanga uburyo busanzwe bwo gusaba ko amashusho yerekana.

## Gushyira mu bikorwa
**IID** isobanura icyifuzo cyoroshye cya HTTP KUBONA gikubiyemo muri URL haba ikiranga umurwayi cyangwa urutonde rwibiranga ubushakashatsi, hamwe nuruhererekane ruto rwibipimo byerekana amabwiriza yo kwerekana imyitwarire.

Umwirondoro werekana ibisabwa kugirango werekane kugirango utange interineti yerekana amashusho yuzuye yo gusuzuma, niba ubisabwe. Imikoranire isabwa ikubiyemo guhinduranya, guhinduranya no gutekesha kimwe no kugendana amashusho.

Umutekano ukemurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo busanzwe bwa HTTP.

Iyerekana irashobora gufata ishusho ya mushakisha ishingiye kubireba, pome itandukanye, plugin cyangwa umukiriya mwinshi ushingiye kubireba cyangwa imashini itandukanye; gutabaza bikomeza kuba bimwe kandi ni agnostic kuburyo bwo kureba abareba.

## Ibisobanuro
Umwirondoro usobanuwe nkigice cya IHE Radiologiya Tekiniki ya Tekinike . 

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Invoke Image Display (IID) IHE Webinar
* IHE Invoke Image Display (IID) Wiki Page

## Reba ibindi

* IHE
* PACS
* VNA
* DICOM

## Ishakiro
Roborior

**Roborior** ni robot yakozwe na societe yimashini ya Tmsuk ikagurishwa na Sanyo .    Ikoreshwa haba mu gucana no kurinda amazu. Roborior hafi yubunini bwa watermelon kandi irashobora kubyara amabara atandukanye kuva mubururu, umutuku, na orange. Roborior ifite kandi kamera yerekana amashusho ya digitale ishobora guhita yerekana videwo kuri terefone igendanwa ya nyirayo iyo ibonye umucengezi. Roborior irashobora kugenzurwa kure ukoresheje intoki, nkimodoka igenzura kure, kimwe. Yatangijwe mu Buyapani mu mpera za 2005 ikaba yaguzwe 280.000 yen . Izina ni portmanteau ya robot imbere.

## Reba ibindi
Description of the Roborior 

## Ishakiro
Laundry-folding machine

**Imashini imesa** cyangwa **imashini imesa imyenda (Mu [[icyongereza]]: A laundry-folding machine or laundry-folding robot)** ni imashini cyangwa robot yo murugo ikingira imyenda kuburyo ishobora kubikwa neza kandi neza.

Imashini imesa imyenda irashobora kuba igice cyangwa igahuzwa nimashini imesa, imashini yumisha, imashini yicyuma na / cyangwa imyenda . Bamwe bakora inzira zigenga, mugihe izindi zisaba urwego rutandukanye rwo gutabara intoki.

## Gukoresha inganda
Mu gukoresha inganda, hari ubwoko bwinshi bwimashini imesa imyenda mubunini nubwoko butandukanye, murimwe murimwe kabuhariwe kubwoko bumwebumwe bwimyenda, cyangwa nini cyane kugirango ibashe guhunika imyenda minini nko kuryama .

## Gukoresha murugo

Habayeho kugerageza gukora imashini zicuruza imashini zikoreshwa murugo.

FoldiMate yari isosiyete y'Abanyamerika yashinzwe mu mwaka wa 2010, yerekanaga prototype y'imashini izinga imyenda mbere mu 2016,  hanyuma mu imurikagurisha rya Electronics Show muri 2017,  na prototype ivugururwa muri CES muri 2018.  Imyenda yagombaga kugaburirwa intoki muri mashini kuva hejuru icyarimwe, hanyuma nyuma yiminota mike uyikoresha ashobora gufata imyenda yiteguye hepfo. Intego yabo yari iyo FoldiMate yinjira ku isoko mu mpera za 2019,   ariko muri Nyakanga 2021 byaje kugaragara ko iyi sosiyete izahagarika imirimo yayo.

Laundroid yari umuyapani wahujwe no gukaraba no gufunga bigamije gushobora gukaraba, gukama, ibyuma no kuzinga imyenda, hanyuma ukabijyana muri imyenda ihuriweho - byigenga rwose, bikaba bivugwa ko igihe cyakazi kizaba nijoro. Yerekanwe bwa mbere mu imurikagurisha rya elegitoroniki y’abaguzi ryerekana CEATEC mu 2015, kandi ryashyizwe ku isoko nka robot ya mbere ku isi ishobora gukaraba no kuzinga imyenda.  Intego yari iyo Laundroid yinjira ku isoko muri 2017 (nyuma yaje guhindurwa kugeza muri 2019),    ariko muri 2019 isosiyete iri inyuma ya Laundroid, Seven Dreams, yatangaje ko bahombye.  Iterambere ryari rishyigikiwe nabandi Daiwa House na Panasonic .

## Reba kandi

* Clothes dryer
* Clothes horse
* Clothes hanger
* Smart home
* Walk-in closet
* Washing machine

## Shakisha
Speech Recognition & Synthesis

**Speech Recognition & Synthesis**, yahoze yitwa **Speech Services**,  ni porogaramu isomwa munsakaza amashusho yakozwe na Google kuri sisitemu y'imikorere ya Android . Iha imbaraga porogaramu zo gusoma mu ijwi riranguruye (ivuga) inyandiko ku insakaza amashusho, hamwe n'inkunga y'indimi nyinshi. Umwandiko Kurmvugo ishobora gukoreshwa na porogaramu nka Google Play Ibitabo mu gusoma ibitabo mu ijwi riranguruye, inkoronyamagambo yo gusoma ibisobanuro mu ijwi riranguruye kugira ngo uvuge amagambo, Google TalkBack, hamwe n'ibindi bitekerezo byatanzwe byifashishwa bishingiye kuri porogaramu, kimwe na porogaramu z'ishyaka mucyongereza bita (third-part). Abakoresha bagomba gushiraho amakuru yijwi kuri buri rurimi.

## Indimi zishyigikira
 

## Amateka
Bamwe mu bategura porogaramu batangiye guhuza no guhindura porogaramu zabo za Auto kugira ngo bashyiremo Text-to-Speech, nka Hyundai mu mwaka 2015.  Porogaramu nka textPlus na WhatsApp zikoresha Text-to-Speech kugira ngo usome amatangazo mu ijwi riranguruye kandi itange imikorere mu gusubiza amajwi.

inkoranyamagambo Cloud Text-to-Speech ikoreshwa na WaveNet,  software yakozwe na Google yo mu Bwongereza ishami rya AI ryitwa DeepMind, ryaguzwe na Google mu mwaka 2014.  Iragerageza gutandukanya abobahanganye nabo, Amazon na Microsoft . 

Tekinoroji ya AI ya DeepMind ya tekinoroji yateye imbere cyane kandi ifatika. Amajwi menshi akoresha (harimo na Siri y'uruganda rwa Apple) akoresha (concatenative synthesis),  aho porogaramu ibika fonema imwe hanyuma ikayicamo hamwe kugira ngo igire amagambo n'interuro.

WaveNet itanga imvugo isa nk'isanzwe kuruta izindi sisitemu y'imvugo. Ihuza hamwe n'imvugo n'ibindi bisa nk'umuntu mugushimangira no guhindagurika k'umutwe, fonema, n'amagambo. Ugereranije, WaveNet itanga amajwi yo kuvuga abantu bakunda kuruta ubundi buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga. Bitandukanye n'ubundi buryo bwinshi bwanditse bw'imvugo, moderi ya WaveNet ikora amajwi mugutangira yerekana amajwi m'uburyo bwa kera. Icyitegererezo gikoresha urusobe rw'imitsi rwatojwe hakoreshejwe urugero runini rw'imvugo. Mu gihe cy'amahugurwa, umuyoboro ukuramo imiterere y'ibanze y'ijambo, nk'ijwi rikurikira hamwe n'uburyo bw'imvugo ifatika . Iyo uhaye inyandiko yinjiza moderi ya WaveNet yatojwe ishobora kubyara imvugo ihindagurika uhereye k'umurongo, icyitegererezo kimwe icyarimwe, hamwe n'icyitegererezo kigera ku 24.000 ku masegonda kandi cyoroshye hagati y'ijwi ryihariye. 

Serivise yahinduwe (Speech Recognition & Synthesis muri 2023. )&#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Reba kandi

* Guhindura imvugo
* Ijwi
* Kwandukura

## Reba
Window-Eyes

**Window-Eyes** ni umusomyi w'insakaza amashusho kuri sisitemu y'imikorere ya Microsoft Windows, yakozwe itezwa imbere na GW Micro. Inyandiko ya mbere yasohotse mu  mwaka 1995. 

## Ibiranga

Window-Eyes 9.4 ihuza na Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, Windows 7, Windows 8, na Windows 10.  Window-Eyes 7 yongeyeho inkunga y'inganda zisanzwe zandikwa, zishobora gukoreshwa mu guhindura igenamiterere ryihariye muri Window-Eyes, kugenzura ibice bya indangamashusho kubikorwa runaka, mu gusobanura hotkeys, n'isubiramo mu gutangiza imirimo . 

## Amateka
Window-Eyes yakozwe na GW Micro, isosiyete ikorera i Fort Wayne, m'Ubuhinde.  Window-Eyes yakozwe mu ndimi 14, naho verisiyo y'Icyongereza ikubiyemo indimi icyenda zandikirwa mu rurimi, harimo cyangwa hakubiwemo Icyongereza cyo muri Amerika, Icyongereza cyo m'Ubwongereza, Icyesipanyoli cyo muri Espanye, Icyesipanyoli cyo muri Megizike, Igifaransa, Igifaransa cy'abanyakanada, Ikidage, Igitaliyani, n'Igiporutugali.  GW Micro yaguzwe cyangwa yahujwe na AI Squared mu mwaka 2014, isosiyete ikomatanya igumana URL za gwmicro.com, ariko imbuga zahinduwe nka 'AI Squared'.  Muri Nyakanga mu mwaka 2017, ibicuruzwa ntibyari bigitangwa mu kugurishwa muri Amerika no mugihugu cya Kanada, kandi n'inkunga yo kugura gusa niyo yari yatanzwe gusa. Ni isosiyete isaba abakiriya bashya aho gukoresha JAWS k'umusomyi mu insakazamashusho. 

## Amashakiro
Sisitemu ya Telesensory

Telesensory **Systems** Ibicuruzwa bya TSI byafashaga abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona gukora mu bwigenge hamwe na mudasobwa hamwe n'ibikoresho bisanzwe byacapwe.

## Amateka
Optacon,  Igicuruzwa cya mbere cya TSI, yatekerejwe na Porofeseri w’amashanyarazi John G. Linvill nk'uburyo umukobwa we ufite ubumuga bwo kutabona, Candy, yasomaga ibyanditswe bisanzwe. Iterambere rya Optacon, riyobowe na James C. Bliss, ryitabiriwe n’abashakashatsi n’abahanga benshi muri kaminuza ya Stanford no mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya Stanford (ubu ni SRI International ) guhera mu mwaka wa 1962.  Nyuma yo kwerekana neza prototype ikora mu mwaka 1969, TSI yashinzwe  mu mwaka 1970 i Palo Alto, California, USA. TSI yateje imbere umurongo w'ibicuruzwa by'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona mu myaka ya za 70, kandi yaguka mu cyerekezo gito mu mwaka wa 1984.

Ibicuruzwa bya TSI ku bantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona hakoresheje uburyo bworoshye bwo kumva amakuru, ibicuruzwa byayo byo kureba byazamutse byiyongera ubunini no gutandukanya ibikoresho byacapwe cyangwa amashusho ya mudasobwa . Ibicuruzwa bimwe bya TSI byari bigizwe na software gusa, ariko ibyinshi byari bikenewe n'ibyuma bya elegitoroniki byabugenewe.

Mu myaka mirongo itatu n'itanu TSI yatanze ibikoresho bifasha bya elegitoronike ku bantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona ku isi.   Ni mu gihe kimwe tekinoroji ya mudasobwa yateye imbere kandi sisitemu yo gukoresha mudasobwa yatangiye gushyiramo uburyo bworoshye burimo nko gusoma imvugo igaragara kunsakaza mashusho cyangwa gukuza k'ubusa cyangwa kuba ntakiguzi. Ubwo yari amaze guhindura izina ayita "TeleSensory", isosiyete yerekeje ibitekerezo byayo ku bicuruzwa bitagaragara kandi yahagaritse gukora ibicuruzwa bitabona mu ntangiriro ya za 90.

Muri Werurwe,mu mwaka 2005, TeleSensory yahoze ari TSI, yatangaje mu buryo butunguranye igice cya 7 cyari mumadeni gihomba kandi abakozi bayo bose baherekejwe bavanwa mu nyubako. 

Muri Kanama mu mwaka wa 2005, InSiPhil (S) Pte Ltd yo muri Singapuru m'Ubuhinde yaguze umutungo w’ubwenge wa TeleSensory hamwe n’umutungo usigaye maze ikomeza gukora bimwe mu bicuruzwa bitagaragara neza ku izina n’ikirango cya TeleSensory. Kuva mu ntangiriro zo mu mwaka wa 2010, ibyo bicuruzwa biboneka henshi hatandukanye nko mu bihugu 50.

## Ibicuruzwa byatoranijwe kubantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona

* Optacon,  mu mwaka 1970 (imashini ya tactile ya fasimile yo gusoma ibyanditswe bisanzwe)
* Imvugo + Kubara,   mu mwaka 1975 (kubara hamwe no gusohora imvugo )
* VERT,  mu mwaka 1979 (imvugo isohora imvugo isoma mudasobwa)
* VersaBraille,  mu mwaka 1979 (mudasobwa y'umuntu ufite braille yerekana neza )
* OsCar,   imashini imenyekanisha imvugo isoma imashini

## Ibicuruzwa byatoranijwe kubantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona

* Vista  (kwagura ingaragaza amashusho kugira ngo igere kuri mudasobwa)
* Vantage (ifunze umuzenguruko wa TV magnifier yo gucapa cyangwa amashusho)
* Aladdin  ( amashusho yerekana uburyo bugaragara )
* PICO (amashusho yerekana uburyo bugaragara)

## Amashakiro
Reading machine

**Imashini yo gusoma y'abafite ubumuga** n'igice cya tekinoroji ifasha ituma abafite ubumuga babona ibikoresho byandika. Isikana inyandiko, ihindura ishusho mu myandiko ikoresheje uburyo bwo kumenya imiterere ya optique kandi ikoresha synthesizer yo kuvuga kugira ngo isome ibyo yabonye.

## Iterambere
Porotipi ya mbere y'imashini yo gusoma, yitwa optophone, yakozwe na Dr. Edmund Edward Fournier d'Albe wo muri kaminuza ya Birmingham mu mwaka 1913. Fotodetekeri eshanu zahagaritswe zikoreshwa mu gusikana umurongo winyandiko zacapwe. Buri selile yabyaye amajwi atandukanye (G, C, D, E, G8) mu gihe habonetse icapiro ryirabura, ku buryo buri nyuguti yahujwe n'igihe cyihariye gitandukanya amajwi. Hamwe n'imyitozo imwe, abakoresha abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona bashoboye gusobanura aya majwi nk'ubutumwa bufite ireme. Nyamara, umuvuduko wo gusoma wiki gikoresho watinze cyane (hafi ijambo rimwe k'umunota).  

Kuva mu mwaka 1944 kugeza mu myaka ya za 70, hakozwe prototypes nshya y'imashini yo gusoma muri Laboratoire ya Haskins ku masezerano yatanzwe n’ubuyobozi bw’abasirikare . Umushinga w'ubushakashatsi wakozwe na Caryl Parker Haskins, Franklin S. Cooper na Alvin Liberman . Kugerageza kwabo kwa mbere kunoza optophone byose byarangiye binaniwe cyangwa bitsinzwe,  kandi abakoresha ntibashoboye gusoma amagambo arenga 5 k'umunota ugereranije, nubwo nyuma y'imyitozo ndende.  Iri genzura ryatumye Liberman atekereza ko imipaka yari iy'ubwenge aho kuba tekiniki, no gushyiraho igitekerezo cye cya moteri yo kumva imvugo . Yatahuye ko ikimenyetso cy'ijambo kitigeze cyumvikana nk "" inyuguti "cyangwa" cipher "acoustic, ariko ahubwo byari" code "yerekana ibimenyetso bigaragaza imvugo, kubera guhuza ibitekerezo . Kubw'ibyo, imashini yo gusoma ntishobora guhindura gusa inyuguti zacapwe muruhererekane rw'amajwi avangitiranye, ahubwo ishobora kumenya inyuguti no gutanga amajwi y'imvugo nk'ibisohoka ukoresheje cyangwa ugaragaje imvugo ikomatanya .

Imashini ya mbere yo gusoma y'ubucuruzi bw'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona yakozwe na (Kurzweil Computer Productsnyuma yaguzwe na Xerox Corporation) mu mwaka 1975. Walter Cronkite yakoresheje iyi mashini kugira ngo yumve umukono we, "Kandi uko ni ko bimeze, ku ya 13 Mutarama mu mwaka 1976." 

Mu myaka ya za 1960 rwagati, Francis F. Lee yinjiye mu itsinda rya Dr. Samuel Jefferson Mason 'Cognitive Information Processing Group' muri Laboratoire y’ubushakashatsi ya Electronics mu kigo cy’ikoranabuhanga cya Massachusetts kugira ngo bakore imashini isoma y'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabo, sisitemu ya mbere yari gusikana inyandiko kandi utange imvugo y'ikomezo.  Imashini zo gusoma neza zari zishingiye kumeza kandi ari ndende, wasangaga mu bitabo, mu mashuri, no mu bitaro cyangwa ugasanga byari bifite abakire. Mu mwaka 2009, terefone igendanwa ikoresha Kurzweil Ihuriro ry’igihugu ry’abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona ni sofutiweya ikora nk'imashini yo gusoma. 

## Amashakiro
EEVE

**EEVE** nisosiyete yububiligi itezimbere kandi ikora robot yumuntu .

Kuva yashingwa muri 2017, EEVE yakoresheje amazina abiri yandi: AIRobots (2017)   na Toadi Order (2018–2020). 

Ibicuruzwa byamamaye bya EEVE, robot itagira ibyatsi itagira ibyatsi Willow, ni robot ishoboye guca nyakatsi no kugenzura, ifite ubushobozi bwo guha ibikoresho byongeweho kandi ikora gusa mubyerekezo bya mudasobwa nubwenge bwubuhanga .    Willow yatangijwe muri Amerika binyuze mu bukangurambaga bwa Kickstarter muri 2020 hamwe no kumenyekanisha ibintu hamwe n’umutekano. Ikizamini cya mbere cya robot cyatanzwe muri Amerika cyabaye mu 2023.  

Kugerageza hakiri kare ibisubizo byubusa ni Ambrogio  na Husqvarna cyari igisubizo gishingiye kuri RTK cyagenewe ahantu hanini. 

## Reba ibindi
Robotic lawn mower 

* Media related to Robotic lawn mowers at Wikimedia Commons

## Indanganturo
Dustbot

**Dustbot** yari robot prototype yakusanyaga imyanda mumazu no mumihanda.  Irashobora guhamagarwa no guhamagara kuri terefone cyangwa SMS, hanyuma igakoresha GPS kugirango ihite igana inzira kubakiriya, gukusanya imyanda, no kuyijyana mu mukungugu. Byongeye kandi, Dustbots yatwaye ibyuma byangiza ibidukikije kugirango ikurikirane urugero rw’umwanda, urugero, agace k’abanyamaguru. Prototypes zapimwe mu Butaliyani, muri Suwede, muri Koreya no mu Buyapani . Launch yari iteganijwe muri 2009, ariko iheruka gukoreshwa kurubuga rwayo kuva 2011. Umushinga wa Dustbot watewe inkunga na komisiyo yu Burayi kandi ntabwo wigeze utangiza nkibicuruzwa. 

## Tekiniki
Dustbot ikoresha ahantu hatandukanye kandi ikoresha inzira ya GPS  ihujwe namakarita yabanje kwipakurura.  Ikoresha giroscope kugirango igumane neza, kandi ifite sensor ya ultrasonic, infragre na laser kugirango wirinde kugongana nimbogamizi zihamye kandi zifite imbaraga. 

Irashobora gukurikirana umwanda ikoresheje ibyuma byinshi byangiza ikirere,   kandi irashobora kuburira niba urwego ruri hejuru cyane.  Ibi ni ingenzi cyane cyane kubijyanye na gaze abantu badashobora kumva cyangwa mugihe hagomba kugenzurwa igihe kirekire guhura nubushakashatsi bwiyongereyeho gato.  Ikwirakwizwa rya gaze ryerekanwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwibarurishamibare.  

Imashini ebyiri za DustCart zoherejwe mu mudugudu wa Peccioli, muri Tuscany, kuva ku ya 15 Kamena 2010, kugeza ku ya 7 Kanama 2010, zitanga "urugi ku nzu gukusanya imyanda itandukanye bisabwe". Sisitemu wasangaga yoroshye kuyikoresha, itanga serivisi ishimishije no kongera gutunganya ibicuruzwa. Raporo yakozwe na Nicola Canelli yerekanye mu nama y'Inama ya ICT 2010 yabereye i Bruxelles, ku ya 27 Nzeri, 2010.  Guhera ku ya 10 Ugushyingo 2017, umushinga urasa naho warangiye; haracyariho, urupapuro rwa Dustbot ruri kumurongo kugeza nuyu munsi, ivugurura "amakuru" yanyuma bigaragara ko ryakozwe muri 2011. Hariho kandi ibyerekeranye n'umushinga mu kiganiro cyatanzwe na Paolo Dario mu mahugurwa mpuzamahanga yerekeye Autonomics and Legal Implications (Berlin, 2 Ugushyingo 2012). 

## Reba kandi

* Comparison of domestic robots
* Domestic robot
* List of home automation topics
* List of vacuum cleaners
* Robotic mapping
* Robotics suite

## Ishakiro
Google TalkBack

**Google Talkback** ni serivisi igera kuri sisitemu y'imikorere ya Android ifasha abakoresha impumyi n'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona gukorana n'ibikoresho byabo. Ikoresha amagambo yavuzwe, kunyeganyega nibindi bitekerezo byumvikana kugirango yemere uyikoresha kumenya ibibera kuri ecran yemerera uyikoresha gukorana neza nibikoresho byabo. Serivisi yashyizwe mbere mubikoresho byinshi bya Android, kandi yabaye igice cya Android Accessibility Suite muri 2017.   Nk’uko Google Play y'Ububiko ibivuga, Suite ya Android Accessibility Suite imaze gukururwa inshuro zirenga miriyari eshanu, harimo n'ibikoresho bifite suite yabanjirije. 

## Gufungura-isoko
Google yasohoye kode yinkomoko ya Google TalkBack hamwe nibisohoka bimwe na bimwe bya serivisi igera kuri GitHub, hamwe nimpinduka ziheruka kuba kuva ku ya 6 Gicurasi 2021.  Inkomoko yiyi verisiyo ya Google TalkBack yasohotse munsi ya Apache uruhushya rwa 2.0. 

## Kurekura Amateka

## Shakisha
JAWS Scripting Language

**Ururimi rwa JAWS** (JSL) ni ururimi rwihariye rwo gutangiza porogaramu rwemerera imikoranire ya porogaramu yo gusoma ya JAWS (Job Access With Speech) porogaramu yo gusoma ya ecran kubantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona nibindi bikorwa . Ni ururimi rwegeranijwe, rwemerera kurinda inkomoko yo kurinda. "JAWS scripting" mubisanzwe bivuga guhinduranya ibintu byubatswe, ukoresha-ukoresha ibikoresho bya JAWS no guhindura amadosiye yabyo, ndetse no kwandika inyandiko zumwimerere. JSL ikora nka API (porogaramu yo gutangiza porogaramu) kandi yemerera abakoresha guhuza inyandiko ya JAWS, inyandiko ya Microsoft Active Accessibility scripting, hamwe ninyandiko yerekana icyitegererezo. 

## Ihuza ryo hanze
OutSpoken

**OutSpoken** (styled **outSPOKEN** ) yari umwe mubasomyi ba mbere baboneka kubucuruzi kubisobanuro byabakoresha (GUI). Udushya twagaragaye cyane ni ugukoresha moderi itagaragara kuri ecran  hamwe nimbeba yerekana nkindorerezi. Inyandiko y'umwimerere ya Macintosh yanditswe na Wes Boyd na Bruce Berkhalter muri Berkeley Systems . OutSpoken yasohotse bwa mbere kuri Macintosh mu 1989, kandi niyo yasomye ecran yonyine yigeze kuboneka kuri Macintosh mbere ya VoiceOver . OutSpoken ya Microsoft Windows yasohotse muri 1994 kuri Windows 3.1, kandi yamenyekanye cyane nkumwe mubasoma ecran ya mbere ikora neza kuri Windows.  OutSpoken ya Windows yatunganijwe cyane cyane na Ben Drees na Peter Korn, hamwe nu gishushanyo mbonera cy’abakoresha cyakozwe na Marc Sutton na Joshua Miele .

Berkeley Sisitemu yagurishije OutSpoken hamwe nindi mitungo yayo yose igera kuri Alva Access Group yo mu Buholandi mu 1996. Muri Nzeri 2005, Optelec yaguze umutungo wa ALVA BV. , isosiyete ikuru ya ALVA Access Group. 

## Ishakiro
Projection Keyboard

**Projection ya clavier** n'uburyo bw'igikoresho cyinjiza mudasobwa aho ishusho ya clavier isanzwe iteganijwe hejuru, iyo umukoresha akoresha ku buso butwikiriwe n'ishusho y'urufunguzo, igikoresho gikoresha urufunguzo cyandika. Bamwe bahuza ibikoresho bya Bluetooth, harimo byinshi bya terefone igezweho, tablet, hamwe na mini-PC hamwe na sisitemu y'imikorere ya Android, iOS cyangwa na Windows.

## Amateka
Mwandikisho ya y'insakazamashusho yahimbwe kandi ihabwa patenti naba injeniyeri ba IBM mu mwaka 1992.  Ihitamo neza inasesengura imigendekere y'intoki z'abantu, ikanabisobanura nk'ibikorwa ku gikoresho cy'injiza kidahari nk'ubuso bufite urufunguzo rusize irangi cyangwa rugaragazwa. Muri ubwo buryo, irashobora kwigana ubwoko butagira imipaka bw'ibikoresho byinjiza intoki (nk'imbeba, clavier, n'ibindi bikoresho). Ibikoresho byinjiza bishobora gusimburwa nibikoresho nkibi, birashoboka ko byashyirwa mu bikorwa bya porogaramu yihariye no kuri physiologiya y'umukoresha, bikomeza umuvuduko, ubworoherane, hamwe no kudasobanuka kw'amakuru winjiza.

Mu mwaka 2002, isosiyete yatangije Canesta yakoze clavier ya projection ikoresheje "tekinoroji ya elegitoroniki."    Isosiyete yaje guha ikoranabuhanga Celluon yo muri Koreya. 

Ni sisitemu yatanzwe bitwa P-ISM ihuza ikoranabuhanga na progaramu ntoya ya videwo yo gutangiza cyangwa gukora   mudasobwa igendanwa ingana n'ikaramu ya fountain . 

## Igishushanyo

Laser cyangwa beamer imishinga igaragara ya clavier igaragara k'urwego rwo hejuru. Nibikoresho bigezweho. Rukuruzi cyangwa kamera m'umushinga ufata urutoki . Porogaramu ihindura imirongo kugira ngo imenye ibikorwa cyangwa inyuguti. 

Ibikoresho bimwe byerekana isegonda (itagaragara ya infragre ) hejuru ya clavier isanzwe. Urutoki rw'umukoresha rukora k'urufunguzo kuri mwandikisho isanzwe. Ibi bimena cyangwa rukananiza urumuri rwa infrared kandi bikagaragaza urumuri rugaruka k'umushinga cyangwa kugikorwa nyirizina. Ikigaragaza urwo rumuri kinyura muyungurura ya infragre kuri kamera. Kamera ifotora inguni y'umucyo winjira. Chip ya sensor igena aho urumuri rwa infragre rwacitse. Porogaramu igena ibikorwa cyangwa imiterere igomba gukorwa.

Igishushanyo kiboneka mu ntambwe enye zingenzi kandi binyuze m'uburyo butatu, module ya projection, sensor module na illumination module. Ibikoresho by'ingenzi n'ubuhanga bukoreshwa m'ugushushanya ishusho n'ibintu bitandukanya, diode itukura ya laser, chip ya sensor ya CMOS hamwe na diode ya infragre (IR).

### Icyitegererezo
Inyandiko rugero yakozwe na progaramu idasanzwe kandi ikora neza cyane ya projection hamwe na laser itukura ya diode  hejuru y'imbere.  Inyandiko rugero ntabwo ariko igira uruhare mubikorwa byo gutahura.

## Ubundi buryo
Usibye gukoreshwa gusa kugira ngo wandike, sisitemu zimwe na zimwe za lazeri zirashobora gukora nk'imbeba isanzwe ikoreshwa na mudasobwa cyangwa ndetse nka piyano isanzwe, nka iKeybo iterwa inkunga n'abantu. 

## Reba
WebAnywhere

**Urubuga Ahantu hose** ni urubuga rwubusa rushingiye kumasoko yerekana ecran, rwakozwe muri kaminuza ya Washington .

## Ibirango
Kubera ko Urubuga Ahantu hose rushingiye kurubuga, iraboneka kuri sisitemu zose zikora. Abakoresha bajya gusa kurubuga rwahantu hose kandi umusomyi wa ecran atangira gukora.

## Amakuru
Urubuga Ahantu hose rwakozwe mbere muri kaminuza ya Washington . Kuri ubu irimo gutezwa imbere muri Laboratwari ya kaminuza ya Rochester .

## Kurekura amateka

## Reba ibindi

* WebAnywhere main project page
* WebAnywhere direct access
* WebAnywhere source code
* University of Washington Computer Science Department
* University of Rochester's ROCHCI Lab
* Web-based program gives the blind Internet access
Noctograph

**Noctografi** nigikoresho cyo kwandika kigizwe nimpapuro munsi yacyo hifashishijwe impapuro za karubone ya wino ya printer hamwe nicyapa cyuma gifite clips kugirango ufate impapuro mumabwiriza hamwe nubuyobozi bwo gukora byanditse mwijimye. Umukoresha yanditse hamwe na stylus yicyuma, bityo ntagomba gusiga ikaramu cyangwa guhangayikishwa no gukubita inkingi hejuru.

Intego yambere yari iyo kwemerera impumyi cyangwa abatabona igice kwandika kwandika byoroshye kuruta ikaramu gakondo, nubwo yanakoreshejwe nabarebaga neza kwandika mwumwijima .  Ubusanzwe yatanzwe na Ralph Wedgwood mu 1806.

## Abakoresha bazwi

* William H. Prescott  The noctograph that Prescott used to write his many historical volumes is on display at the William Hickling Prescott House (house museum) at 55 Beacon Street, Boston, Massachusetts.
* James Holman

## Reba ibindi
Nyctograph—a card template of square holes invented by Lewis Carroll in 1891 to write in the dark.

## Indanganturo
Brainport

**BrainPort** ni tekinoroji aho amakuru yunvikana ashobora koherezwa mubwonko bwa muntu binyuze muri electrode array yicaye kururimi.  Byabanje gukorwa na Paul Bach-y-Rita mu rwego rwo gufasha abantu kumva neza, cyane cyane abahohotewe . Bach-y-Rita yashinze *Wicab* mu 1998.   

Yateguwe kandi kugirango ikoreshwe nkimfashanyo igaragara, yerekana ubushobozi bwayo bwo kwemerera impumyi kubona ibimukikije muburyo bwa polygonal na pigiseli. Muri iki gihe, kamera ifata ishusho yikikikije, amakuru atunganywa na chip ihindura imbaraga zoherejwe binyuze mumashanyarazi ya elegitoronike, ukoresheje ururimi, mubwonko bwumuntu. Ubwonko bwumuntu burashobora gusobanura izo mbaraga nkibimenyetso biboneka hanyuma bigahita byerekanwa kuri cortex igaragara, bigatuma umuntu "abona." Ibi birasa mubice byukuntu cochlear yatewe ikora, muburyo yohereza amashanyarazi kumashanyarazi yakira mumubiri.  

Ku ya  Kamena 2015. Ubuvuzi bwa BrainPort V100 bwo mu kanwa bwemejwe n’ubuyobozi bushinzwe ibiryo n'ibiyobyabwenge (FDA).

## Reba kandi

* Sensory substitution
* Neuroplasticity

## Reba
Abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva mu mikino Olempike

Abatumva benshi bitabiriye imikino Olempike igezweho, aho izwi cyane ni Carlo Orlandi, umuteramakofe w’umutaliyani witabiriye imikino Olempike 1928 yabereye i Amsterdam.

Rimwe na rimwe, hahinduwe imiterere yo kwakira abakinnyi batumva..

(Hariho kandi ibirori byihariye kubatumva, abatumva, byateguwe na komite mpuzamahanga ya siporo yabatumva. Ibi kandi bikorwa buri myaka ine, kandi bamwe mubantu bavuzwe muriki kiganiro nabo bazaba barushanwe)