Umutingito na tsunami mu Buyapani

**Umutingito w’Isi na Tsunami mu Buyapani** cyangwa **Umutingito na Tsunami mu Buyapani**, **Umutingito udasanzwe mu Buyapani** (izina mu kiyapani : 東北地方太平洋沖地震 Tōhoku Chihō Taiheiyō-oki Jishin) ni umutingito na umutingito udasanzwe (tsunami) tariki ya 11 Werurwe 2011 ku gipimo cya Mw 9,0 wahitanye abantu hejuru ya 12,300 i Tōhoku mu Buyapani.

Igihungu cy’Ubuyapani ubu cyirimumazi abira kikaba gikeneye ubufasha  bwinshi kandi bukomeye cyane kuko cyibasiwe cyane na cyakibazo cy’amazi aremereye ndetse n’*umutingito udasanzwe* (*tsunami*) Ubuyapani bukaba bukomerewe cyane, kuko bikomeje gusatira mu murwa mukuru Tokyo, Tsunami ikaba ifite umuvunduko ukomeye cyane kuko ntaho aya mazi agera ngo hagire igisigara akaba abanzirizwa n’umutingito ugashegesha ibintu byinshi nk’amazu yemwe nayitwa ko akomeye, hanyuma hakaza amazi menshi cyane kdi aremereye agatwara byose. 

Mu Buyapani, hari ikindi kintu cyasandaye ku mashini ya kabiri y’uruganda rukoresha ingufu nukleyeri ku munsi wa kane nyuma y’uko rwangijwe n’umutingito w’isi. Ibyo byateje ubwoba ko ibyuma by’urwo ruganda bishobora kurekura imyuka yanduza. Icyo kintu cyasandaye muri iki gitondo cyo ku ya 15 y’ukwa 3 mu mwaka w’2011 ku ruganda rw’ahitwa Fukushima, cyaje gikurikira ikindi cyasandaye umunsi umwe n’iminsi itatu mbere y’iyo taliki. Ibibazo kuri urwo ruganda byatangiye  ubwo umutingito w’isi na tsunami yaje iwukurikira byatumye amashanyarazi abura kuri urwo ruganda. Icyo kibazo cyatumye ibyuma bikonjesha imashini kugirango zidashongeshwa n’ubushyuhe bwinshi zidakora.

Abategetsi bo mu Buyapani bari kugerageza gusubiza ibintu mu buryo ku ruganda rukora ingufu za nuclear ruri i Fukushima rwasinzikajwe n’umutingito w’isi hamwe na tsunami kuwa 5 w’icyumweru gishize. 

Tubibutse ko muri iyi minsi igihugu cy’Ubuyapani kitorohewe namba n’umutingito umaze guhitana abarenga 10.000; gusa abapfa bo biyongera buri munsi ku buryo umubare wabo ugenda urushaho kwiyongera uko umunsi ushira.

## Ingaruka z’umutingito

Ku wa Gatanu w’icyumweru gishize, igihugu cy’u Buyapani gisanzwe kizwiho kwibasirwa n’imitingito inshuro nyinshi buri munsi, cyahuye n’umutingito ukabije kuko wari ku rwego rwa 8.9 ku gipimo cya Richter, ukaba ariwo wa 5 munini, kuva mu mwaka wa 1900. Uwo mutingito waturutse mu Nyanja ya Pasifika, uteza tsunami yageze kuri kilometero 10 mu Buyapani rwagati, cyane cyane mu gice cy’Amajyaruguru ashyira Uburasirazuba. Ababuriwe irengero n’abapfuye barenga 2000, kandi ingaruka zikomeje kwiyongera, aho inganda zimwe na zimwe za nucléaire zangiritse zigateza ubushyuhe bukomeye mu kirere. 

Uretse gukora ku Buyapani ariko, uwo mutingito wahinduye imiterere y’isi, n’ubwo bitagaragaye cyane. Nk’uko bitangazwa na the U.S. Geological Survey , uwo mutingito wasunitse ubutaka bw’u Buyapani, ubwigiza kure y’inyanja ho metero zirenga 2.4 ugereranyije na mbere

Birashoboka ko bitagaragarira amaso ko amasaha y’umunsi yiyongereye ariko abahanga mu by’ubumenyi n’imiterere y’isi  (*Geophysique*) barabyemeza ko ubu umunsi utakireshya nk`uko wareshyaga. Ibi ni nyuma y’umutingito wabereye mu gihugu cy’Ubuyapani. Uriya mutingito wagize ingaruka ku bintu byinshi cyane: inkombe z’inyanja zarahindutse, ibirwa bimwe na bimwe birazimira, ubutaka busa n’ubwimutse bugana mu gice cya ruguru cy’Isi (*Hemisphere Nord*). Ku buryo ubungubu igihe Isi yamaraga yizenguruka (*rotation*) kiyongereyeho amasegonda 0.000 006 (imibare ya Nasa . Iki gihe ni gito ariko gishobora kuzagira ingaruka nko guhinduka kwa kalendari, amasaha n’ibindi.  

Ingaruka z`uyu mutingito zirenze kure cyane iz’uheruka muri Shili. Umutingito wo muri Sumatra (2004) wari wateye umunsi kugabanuka ho amasegonda 0.000 0068. 

Guhera mu mwaka wa 1990 iki  nicyo cyago kigize ingaruka zikomeye ku isi. Naho Abayapani bo baremeza ko iki ari cyo cyago batazibagirwa nyuma yo kuraswa kw’imijyi ya Nagasaki na Hiroshima ( yarashwe n`Abanyamerika muri 1945)

## Notes