open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Tay Iwar

**Austin Iornongu Iwar Jnr** (wavukiye ku ya 9 Kamena 1997), uzwi nka **Tay Iwar**, ni umuhanzi uririmba, wandika indirimbo, ucuranga, ukora injyana z’amajwi ndetse akanatunganya amajwi. Azwi cyane mu guhuza R na B n’injyana ya Afro-fusion.   Umwuga we watangiye hakiri kare cyane akiri muto yasohoraga imishinga ye ya mbere irimo Renascentia yo mu 2016. Yatangiye kumenyekana cyane kubera Gemini yo mu 2019, yasohotse ibinyujijwe kuri Soulection, itsinda rye rya muzika ryo muri Los Angeles. 

Yaje mu muziki hamwe na alubumu ivanze yumuziki yamamaye cyane yitwa Passport, yamuhesheje igihembo ku mwanya wa 3 n'uwa 4 zo muri Nigeriya Teens Choice Awards mu cyiciro cya Choice Mixtape / EP mu 2014 na 2015. Ku ya 23 Ugushyingo 2021, " Wizkid 's *Made in Lagos* deluxe studio album, yatowe muri GRAMMYs kandi imuha ibihembo bidasanzwe, binyuze cyane muri The Recording Academy 

## Ubuzima bwo hambere
Austin Iornongu Iwar yavutse ku ya 9 Kamena 1997 i Marina, akurira hagati ya Lagos na Abuja . Igaragara rye rya mbere muri muzika, ryaturutse kuri mukuru we Suté Iwar. Austin watangiye guhanga umuziki afite imyaka cumi nine, akoresheje sofutiware yumuziki wa digitale FL Studio . 

## Umwuga
Ku ya 22 Mata 2016, Tay Iwar yasohoye umuzingo w'indirimbo Indirimbo-zirindwi witwa Renascentia, irimo Suté Iwar.   inzira "Urukundo rwo kugendera ku mafarasi," yaje kugaragara ku majwi y’igihembwe  *cy’umukobwa w’uruhu muri Transit* mu 2017. 

Muri 2019, Iwar yashyize ahagaragara alubumu ye ya sitydiyo GEMINI, ikubiyemo abashyitsi bagaragaye muri Cruel Santino, Preyé, Odunsi (Moteri), na Suté Iwar. Inzira "Utero" yatumye Iwar abahatanira ibihembo byiza byijwi (Umugabo) ku nshuro  ya 14 ya The Headies. Ku ya 13 Mata 2019, indirimbo ze "Diamond" na "Komeza" zo muri GEMINI zagaragaye kuri radiyo Soulection. 

Muri 2020, Iwar yakoranye na Wizkid munzira "Urukundo nyarwo," hamwe na Projexx, nyuma yaje kumuha izina rya mbere rya Grammy.  Yagaragaje kandi kuri Album *y’umuhungu wenyine* wa Omah Lay mu 2022. Ku ya 29 Werurwe 2022, Wizkid yashyize ahagaragara amashusho y’indirimbo "Urukundo nyarwo," arimo Tay Iwar na Projexx. 

Muri 2024, Tay Iwar yagaragaye kuri Alubumu *ya nyuma* ya Headie One kumurongo "Imbunda & Amafaranga". Yasohoye kandi igice cya kabiri cya Zahabu EP hamwe na Le Mav ku ya 12 Nyakanga 

## Ubucukumbuzi

### Imvange z'indirimbo

### Alubumu za sitidiyo

### Imizingo migufi

### Izindi ndirimbo zazamutse cyane

## Amashimwe

## Reba
Umutungo kamere wa Mageragere

Mageragere ni umwe mu mirenge 10 igize akarere ka Nyarugenge, ari yo: Gitega, Kanyinya, Kigali, Kimisagara, Mageragere, Muhima, Nyakabanda, Nyamirambo, Nyarugenge, Rwezamenyo.

Umurenge wa Mageragere ufite utugari 7 ari two: Kankuba, Nyarufunzo, Kavumu, Ntungamo, Runzenze, Nyarurenzi, Mataba.

## Amashakiro:
Gereza ya Mageragere

**Gereza ya Mageragere**, kumugaragaro **ikigo ngororamuco cya Nyarugenge** (   , French   ), ni igororero riherereye mu Karere ka Nyarugenge, Kigali, mu Rwanda . Ryashinzwe muri Nzeri 2016,  Rizwi nka  Mageragere ni gereza nini mu Rwanda. Kugeza muri Kanama 2023, Mageragere icumbikira abagororwa bagera ku 9000. 

Ikoreshwa na serivisi ishinzwe Gukosora mu Rwanda (RCS, Kinyarwanda  , French   ).

## Amateka
Gereza ya Mageragere yashinzwe mu 2016 ihuza ibigo bibiri bitandukanye byo gukosora.   Gereza ebyiri zahujwe  Gasabo na Nyarugenge 

* **Gereza ya Nyarugenge (1930):** amateka azwi ku izina rya "1930," yari muri gereza za mbere zubatswe mu gihe cy'ubukoloni mu Rwanda. Izina ryayo, "1930," ryakomotse ku mwaka ryubatswe. 

* **Gereza ya Gasabo:** ahahoze hitwa Gereza ya Kimironko

## Abagororwa n'ibikoresho
Gereza ya Mageragere yubatswe hamwe hateganijwe guturwa hagati yimfungwa 8000 - 10,000.   Gereza ya Mageragere igizwe nibice  bitatu, buri gice kigenewe guhuza ibikenewe gukosorwa:

# **Igice cy'Abagabo**
# **Igice cy'Abagore**
# **Isibo y'abagororerwa bacungiwe umutekano by'ikirenga**

## Abagororwa bazwi cyane

* Paul Rusesabagina :  Intwari ya Hotel Rwanda
* Umuhoza Ingabire Victoire :    Umunyapolitike wo mu Rwanda
* Kizito Mihigo 
* Edouard Bamporiki :   Umunyapolitike wo mu Rwanda

## Reba
2°02′06″S 30°01′00″E﻿ / ﻿2.0350°S 30.0168°E﻿ / -2.0350; 30.0168
Philippe Van Leeuw

**Philippe Van Leeuw** ni umuyobozi, umukinnyi ndetse  n'umwanditsi wa filime. Akomoka mu gihugu cy'Ububiligi. Yakoze filime ye ya mbere mu 2009 yitwa The **Day God Walked Away**. Muri 2017*,* yanditse kandi ayobora indi filime  ***“[[:en:Insyriated|Insyriated,]]”.*** Iyi filme yamurikimwe ku nshuro ya mbere mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya filime ryabereye i Berlin ku nshuro ya 67*.*  Mu bihembo bya **Magritte Awards**   byabaye kunshuro ya 8, iyo filme yegukanye ibihembo byose by'icyo yari yahataniraga, bingana n'igiteranyo cy'ibyegukanywe na " **Mr Nobody"**, birimo n'igihembo cya Filime nziza n'icy'umuyobozi mwiza wa filme cyahawe **Van Leeuw**.  

## Amashusho

* 2023: *Urukuta(The Wall)* 
* 2016: *Une de perdue! (Iyo ibuze, indi iraboneka!)* (Bigufi)
* 2016: *Abasare* (Inyandiko)
* 2013: *Ihungabana(Stabe Unstable)*
* 2012: *Asfouri*
* 2009: *Mouton noir*
* 2008: *Terre* (Mugufi)
* 2008: *Ibiro by'Imana*
* 2007: *Rock'n Roll Circu*
* 2007: Fin (*Kurangira)* (Bigufi)
* 2007:  Demented  (*Yataye umutwe)*

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze
Umuhoza Nishimwe

**Consolee Nishimwe** (wavutse ku ya 11 Nzeri 1979) ni umwanditsi w’u Rwanda, Umukangurambaga, kandi warokotse jenoside yo mu Rwanda mu 1994 .      

## Amavu n'amavuko
Nishimwe yavutse ku ya 11 Nzeri 1979 i Rubengera, Kibuye (Karongi), mu Rwanda . Nyina, Marie-Jeanne Mukamwiza, na se, Andre Ngoga bombi bari abarimu bigisha mu mashuri abanza . Bahuye mu 1972 bashyingirwa muri Kanama 1977. Nishimwe ni imfura (niwe mukuru iwabo) mu bana batanu. Avuga Icyongereza na Kinyarwanda .  

## Jenoside Yakorewe abatutsi
Nishimwe yari afite imyaka 14 igihe itsembabwoko ryo ryakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda ryatangiraga muri Mata 1994. Uyu muryango wahungiye mu gace k'Abayisilamu kugira ngo ukingirwe ariko se na nyirasenge bishwe ku ya 15 Mata 1994. Nyuma y'icyumweru, barumuna be batatu, Bon-Fils Abimana w'amezi 16, Pascal Muvara w'imyaka 7 na Philbert Nkusi w'imyaka 9, baricwa. Sekuru na nyirarume na bo barishwe. Nishimwe yarahunze yihisha amezi atatu, yihanganira iyicarubozo n’izindi ngorane, harimo n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina ryanduje virusi itera SIDA . Nyina, Marie-Jeanne, na mushiki we, Jeanette Ingabire, barokotse. Jenoside irangiye, 90% by'abatutsi bo mu mujyi wabo bari barishwe.   

## Ibikorwa bye
Mu 2001, Nishimwe yimukiye muri Amerika aho yabaye umuntu uharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu akaba n'umuvugizi ushishikariza abantu. Mu mwaka wa 2012, yasohoye urwibutso, "*Yageragejwe Kugarukira ku mateka y'Umucikacumu wa Jenoside Kubabara, Kwihangana n'Ibyiringiro"* . Mu 2014, yavugiye mu nama nyunguranabitekerezo ya kaminuza ya Yale ku isabukuru yimyaka 20 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda.  Muri 2018, yagejeje ijambo ku Nteko rusange y’umuryango w’abibumbye .       

## Ubuzima bwite
Nishimwe ubu atuye mu mujyi wa New York .    

## Bibliografiya

* *Yageragejwe Kugarukira: Amateka y'Umucikacumu wa Jenoside Kubabara, Kwihangana n'Ibyiringiro* (2012)

## Reba
Irakoze Ariane Vanessa

**Irakoze Ariane Vanessa** ni umukinnyi wa filime w'umunyarwandakazi watangiye umwuga we wo gukina muri 2020, mu ruherekane rw'urubuga rwa *Maya* .  Nyuma yaho gato, Irakoze yakinnye mu rundi rubuga rwa interineti, *Ibanga(The secret)*, ryakozwe n'umukinnyi wa filime wo mu Rwanda Yves Mizero. 

Irakoze yakinnye mu ruherekane rwa filimi  ica kuri terevisiyo *iShusho ya Papa* nka Olive.  

## Ibihembo

* Umukinnyi mwiza wa Iziwacu, Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Mashariki 2024.  

## Reba
Rising from Ashes(firimi)

***Rising From Ashes*** ni filime yigenga ya 2012 yigenga ivuga ku iterambere ry’ikipe y’igihugu y’amagare mu Rwanda, igihugu kigikomeje kwibasirwa na jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994 aho abagera ku 500.000-1,000,000 bishwe.  

## Umugambi
Umukinnyi w'amagare wabigize umwuga Jacques “Jock” Boyer yimukiye mu Rwanda mu 2006 kugira ngo afashe itsinda ry'abacitse ku icumu rya jenoside bahanganye n'ikibazo cyo gushinga ikipe y'igihugu y'amagare. Iri tsinda rigizwe n’abana basigaye ari impfubyi kandi bahahamuwe na jenoside mu myaka icumi ishize. Mugihe cy'inkuru, Boyer hamwe n'itsinda "Rise from Ashes" byahise babifashijwemo nibyagezweho.

"Team Rwanda" itangira nk'umuryango w'amagare ariko igenda ihinduka uko abategura bamenya abakinnyi bakeneye cyane. Abanyonzi benshi ntibazi gusoma no kwandika, bafite ubuzima budafite amazi, amashanyarazi cyangwa ubuvuzi, kandi benshi barimo gukira ingaruka z’amateka ya jenoside yo mu 1994. Amaherezo, "Ikipe y'u Rwanda" ifatwa nk'ikimenyetso kicyizere ku Rwanda, ambasaderi w'igihugu kigaruka. Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, itsinda ryagura icyerekezo kandi ritezimbere icyitegererezo cyo kwita ku bakinnyi. Mu mwaka wa 2012, iyi kipe itangira guteza imbere ikipe ya mbere y’Afurika yose ihuye na Tour de France nyuma yuko umwe mu bakinnyi yujuje ibisabwa mu mikino ya 2012 Summer Olympics .

## Isubiramo
Daphne Howland wo *muri The Village Voice* yise *Rising From Ashes* "documentaire idasanzwe. Ntabwo ireba ikipe yo gusiganwa ku magare gusa; ni gihamya y'ibyabaye iyo abantu bita kubandi ." 

*Umunyamakuru wa Hollywood*, Frank Schneck yagize ati: "Filime irasobanutse kandi ifite ubukungu." “Filime… irinda melodramatike idasanzwe, nyuma ya byose, ntibikenewe cyane mu nkuru isanzwe irimo amateka akomeye.” 

Urubuga rwo gukusanya urubuga Rotten Tomatoes ruvuga ko 79% by'abanenga bahaye filime isuzuma ryiza rishingiye ku isuzuma 19, impuzandengo ya 5.9 / 10. 

## Umusaruro
*Rising From Ashes* yakozwe n'imiryango ibiri ifatanya n'imiryango idaharanira inyungu, Gratis 7 Media Group hamwe nu Project Rwanda, mugihe cy'imyaka itandatu. Forest Whitaker yavuze iyi filime yakozwe n'amadorari 800.000 yaturutse gusa ku baterankunga. Kuva yasohoka mu 2012, iyi filime yatsindiye ibihembo mu birori birenga icumi bya firime ku isi. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Rising from Ashes at IMDb
* Official film site
Amazina (2021 film)

**Nameless** (izina ry’Igifaransa: *Les anonymes*) ni filime nyarwanda yo mu 2021 yo mu bwoko bwa drama, yayobowe na Mutiganda Wa Nkunda mu kuyobora kwe bwa mbere   Filime yerekanwe ku nshuro ya 27 ya FESPACO, aho yatsindiye igihembo cyiza cyane.  Byatewe n’icyaha cy’urukozasoni Nkunda yibaneye i Kigalii Kigali, ndetse na film ya Ken Loach yo mu 1966 *Cathy Come Home* . 

## Inyandiko
 
Iyi filime yari ishingiye ku bintu byabayeho mu buzima bugoye bw’abakunzi bakiri bato baturuka  i Kigali, ndetse no kuba barababaje mu ihohoterwa. 

## Abakinnyi

* Yves Kijyana (nka Philibert)
* Colombe Mukeshimana (nka Kathy)

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Nameless 2021 drama at IMDb
Marc Zinga

**Marc Zinga** (wavutse ku ya 21 Ukwakira 1984) ni umukinnyi wa Kongo-Umubiligi, umuririmbyi akaba n'umukinnyi wa filime. Yaririmbye bye muri *May Allah Bless France*, yatorewe igihembo cya Most Promising Actor .

## Ubuzima bwo hambere
Zinga yavukiye i Likasi, muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, yimukiye mu Bubiligi n'umuryango we afite imyaka itanu. Yari umwe mu baririmbyi bayoboye itsinda rya *Peas Project* hagati ya 2003 na 2011.

## Umwuga
Yatangiye umwuga we wo gukina agaragara mu ma firime mato na televiziyo mbere yo gutangira imirimo ikomeye muri filime *Abaskuti ba Zebrasi* na *May Allah Bless France!* muri 2014. 

Uruhare rwe muri *May Allah Bless France!*, Zinga yatorewe igihembo cya cesar Award for most Promising Actor  . Muri 2015, yahawe igihembo cya Magritte Award for Most Promosing Actor mu bihembo bya 5 bya Magritte Award kubera uruhare yagize muri *Zebras*, naho muri 2019, igihembo cy'umukinnyi witwaye neza muri  African Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou (Fespaco) kubera uruhare yagize muri filime yo mu Rwanda yatsindiye ''The Mercy of the Jungle'' .

Mu 2024, yabonye igihembo cye cya kane cya Magritte aba nuwa kabiri mu bakinnyi bitwaye neza, kubera uruhare rwe muri *Omen*, filime yo mu 2023 iyobowe n'umuraperi Baloji wo mu Bubiligi-Kongo mu mukino wa mbere yakinnye. Zinga afite uruhare runini rwa Koffi, Wagarutse i Lubumbashi nyuma yimyaka 15 adahari. 

## Ikinamico

## Amashusho

### Nkumukinnyi wa firime

### Nk'umukinnyi

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Marc Zinga at IMDb
Annick Kayitesi-Jozan

**Annick Kayitesi-Jozan** (wavutse mu 1979 u Rwanda) ni umwanditsi w’u Rwanda akaba yararokotse jenoside yakorewe abatutsi  .

## Ubuzima
Muri Mata 1994, Annick Kayitesi-Jozan yabuze abanyamuryango bishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi.  mu batutsi bari i Butare, kandi bari bahungiye mu kigo cy’ishuri, aho nyina yakoreraga.  Interahamwe zishe nyina muriryo shuri. Murumuna we Aimé, ufite imyaka 9, mushiki we Aline, ufite imyaka 16, babyara be bombi, bajyanywe mu gikamyo bajyanwa aho batewe imipanga baricwa. Annick ntabwo yajyanywe hamwe n'abandi bagize umuryango we, kubera impamvu zidasobanutse neza, ahari kubera ko abaturanyi bashakaga kumugumana nk'umukozi. 

We na mushiki we Aline, bajyanywe n’umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta Terre des Hommes. Yimukiye mu Bufaransa .  Yabanje kubana nimiryango yakiriye abanyamahanga  .. Yiga siyanse ya politiki, abona DEA, nyuma atangira kwiga psychologiya. yatangiye kwitwa  impunzi , mu 2005,aza kubona  ubwenegihugu bw'Ubufaransa. 

Yashinze ishyirahamwe Études sans frontières kugira ngo ateze imbere ishuri ry’imfubyi za jenoside.  Yitabiriye kwibuka Kunshuro ya  30 jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. 

## Ubuzima bwite
Afite umuhungu n'umukobwa Yabyaranye n'umufaransa. Kuva mu 2015 yabaga muri Uzubekisitani hamwe n'umugabo we, Raphaël Jozan uyobora ikigo gishinzwe iterambere ry'Ubufaransa (AFD). 

## Imirimo

* *Nous existons encore*, Michel Lafon, 2004.
* *Même Dieu ne veut pas s'en mêler*, Seuil, 2017.   

## Reba
Bazigaga

**Bazigaga** ni filime ngufi ivuga kuri genoside yakorewe abatutsi mu rwanda  iri mu rurimi rwigifaransa yo mu 2022 yanditswe kandi iyobowe na Jo Ingabire Moys .  Yafatanije na Verbinski hamwe na Graham King na John B. Carls, film ikinamo Eliane Umuhire.

Iyi filime yatsindiye  igihembo cya BAFTA ku bahatanira igihembo cyiza cya Filime ngufi mu bihembo bya 76 bya British Academy Film Awards . 

## Incamake
Filime ishingiye ku kuri ku ibyabaye, ikavuga inkuru y’umupasiteri ukiri muto witwa “Karembe” (Ery Nzaramba) usabwa gushakira ubuhungiro we n’umukobwa we kugira ngo birinde **imitwe y’abicaga Abatutsi** ishaka kubagiraho nabi.

Mu gushaka uko barokoka, bahungira mu rugo rw’umupfumu ukomeye kandi ukiri utinyitse muri ako gace uruhare rwakinwe neza cyane na Eliane Umuhire  

## Amashimwe

* 2022: BAFTA Awards: Yatowe muri Filime ngufi nziza 

## Amashakiro
Uwamahoro Antoinette

**Uwamahoro Antoinette** (yavutse ku ya 25 Ukuboza 1975 i Kigali ) ni umukinnyi wa filrimi w'umunyarwandakazi

## Umwuga
Uwamahoro Antoinette uzwi ku izina rya "Intare y'igore", "Siperansiya" amaze imyaka makumyabiri akina muri firime mu Rwanda.  Yamenyekanye cyane muri firime zitandukanye zo mu Rwanda zirimo Serikwira, Giramata, Mukadata, Intare y'ingore n'abandi. bifata iyindi ntera muri Seburikoko kuri Televiziyo y'u Rwanda. 

## Umukangurambaga
Yumvaga abaye umustar wa firime nka Commando . 

## Ubuzima bwite
Ni imfura mu bana barindwi Bavukana.

Arubatse, afite abana batatu. Kuri ubu, atuye mu Karere ka Nyarugenge mu Murenge wa Nyamirambo.  https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/menya-iby-urukundo-ruri-kuvugwa-hagati-ya-seburikoko-na-antoinette-uzwi-nka

## Reba
Lyiza

***Lyiza*** ni filime ngufi yo mu Rwanda ya 2011 iyobowe na Marie-Clementine Dusabejambo .  

## Inyandiko
Ibihe byashize bihora mu buzima bwa **Lyiza** ugomba kubana n'ihahamuka ry'ubwicanyi bw'ababyeyi be, mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994 mu Rwanda. Iyo amenye se w'uwo bigana, Rwena, nyirabayazana w'ubwicanyi bwabo, abivuga ku mugaragaro, bitera impagarara nyinshi. Ariko ubwumvikane bugaruka binyuze mu butabazi bwa mwarimu ujyana abasore mu ngoro ndangamurage ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, aho bibukwa, akanayobora **Lyiza** kubabarirra. Tutiriwe dédactique kandi n'uburyo bw'umwimerere bwo kuvuga, film ishimangira akamaro ko gusangira ubunararibonye no kwigisha ukuri n'ubwiyunge. 

## Reba
Ikinyantigwa na Baribuda

**Ikinyantigwa na Baribuda** ni ururimi rwa kinyacroele ruvuga Icyongereza, rwavutse ku ivangamiriro ry’abavuga indimi za Kwa n’abavuga Icyongereza cyo muri Antigwa na Baribuda mu birwa bya Leeward. Ubu, ni ururimi kavukire muri Antigwa na Baribuda, Saint Kitts na Nevis, Anguilla, Montserrat, ndetse no mu miryango imwe yo muri Dominica. Ikinyantigwa na Baribuda ni rwo rurimi ruvugwa cyane mu bihugu byigenga byombi, kandi ni rumwe mu ndimi zivugwa cyane mu Burasirazuba bwa Karayibe. Ururimi rufite abantu bagera ku 150,000 baruvuga nk’ururimi kavukire.

Ikinyantigwa na Baribuda rigizwe n’amoko menshi atandukanye, kandi amwe muri yo yumvikana gusa mu buryo bugarukirijeho. Bitewe no kwiyongera kw’ihuriro hagati y’abatuye Ibirwa bya Leeward, uru rurimi rwa creole rwagize amoko menshi y’utugari yaje kuzimira nyuma y’ivangura. Ubwoko buvugwa cyane kurusha ubundi, Northern Antigwan, bwagize impinduka cyane bitewe no kugabanuka no kugengwa n’abandi bavuga Icyongereza.

Igice kinini cy’amagambo y’Ikinyantigwa na Baribuda gikomoka mu Cyongereza, kandi ururimi rufite uburyo bwihariye bw’inyajwi ndetse n’imiterere y’imvugo idasanzwe. Ikinyantigwa na Baribuda kigumye kuba ururimi rutari urwo mu nzego zemewe, bityo ntikigishwa mu mashuri cyangwa ngo gikoreshwe mu itumanaho ryemewe.
Gamaliel Mbonimana

**Gamaliel Mbonimana** ni umuhanga mu by'amateka y'u Rwanda, Porofeseri Emeritus muri kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda . "Azwi cyane mu Rwanda kubera ibikorwa bye nk'umuhanga mu by'amateka n'umuco". 

Mu 2007, yahamagawe nk'umutangabuhamya w'inzobere mu bushinjacyaha mu rubanza rwa Simon Bikindi imbere y'urukiko International Criminal Tribunal for rwanda . 

## Imirimo

* *Musique rwa gakondo* [Umuziki gakondo wu Rwanda]. Butare, u Rwanda, 1971.
* (ku bufatanye na *Centre de formation et de recherche coopératives*) *Les coopératives du Rwanda: un creuset de réconciliation et de coexistence pacifique* [Amakoperative yo mu Rwanda: ihuriro ry’ubwiyunge n’kubana mu mahoro]. Kigali, 1997
* hamwe na Jean de Dieu Karangwa) *Isesengura ryimbitse ry’indirimbo ‘Twasezereye’ (‘Twavuze tusezera’), ‘Nanga abahutu’ (‘I hate hutu’) na ‘Bene sebahinzi’ (‘Abakomoka kuri Sebahinzi’).* Icyegeranyo cy’ubuhanga cyateguriwe ICTR ku rubanza *The Prosecution vs. Simon Bikindi*.  Dosiye no. ICTR-2001-72-I, 2006
* *Amateka y'ubuvanganzo Nyarwanda: kuva mu kin kin cya XVII ما magingo aya* [Amateka yubuvanganzo bwu Rwanda: kuva mu kinyejana cya 17 kugeza ubu]. 2011.
* *Le Rwanda : Etat-igihugu au XIXè siècle* [Rwanda: igihugu cyigihugu cyo mu kinyejana cya 19]. 2016.

## Reba
Kinyarwanda (film)

***Kinyarwanda*** ni filime ya 2011 ishingiye kuri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi  mu Rwanda .

## Filime
Ushingiye ku nkuru zukuri,  film igizwe n'inkuru esheshatu zahujwe n'ibintu byinshi bibaho mugihe cya Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi riba.   ​​​ 

## Kwakira
*[[:en:Variety_(magazine)|Variety]]* yavuze ko iyi filime ari "Doubly Disappointing",  mu gihe African American Literature Book Club cyasobanuye ko ari "umukinnyi wa mbere w’ubuyobozi". 

## Ibihembo

* 2011, Sundance Film Festival : Igihembo cya Sinema ku Isi (Dramatic) 
* 2011, AFI FEST Firime Nziza Mpuzamahanga (Audience Award) 
* 2011, Igihembo cya AFI FEST cyabateze amatwi (Sinema yisi) 

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Kinyarwanda at IMDb 
* Kinyarwanda at Metacritic 
* Kinyarwanda at Rotten Tomatoes
Natacha Muziramakenga

## Umwirondoro

Natacha MUZIRAMAKENGA ni umunyarwandakazi wavutse : 1984(afite imyaka 41). Akaba azwi ku mazina : MIZIGURUKA. Akora umwuga wo gukina filim no gukora cyangwa guhanga filime. Ibihangano by'ingenzi  Gukina filime, gukurikirana ibikorwa by'ubugeni. Urugero rwa fililme ya yoboye : "Neptune Frost", urugero rwa Filime yakinnye :  Grey matter, Small country: An African childhood. 

**Natacha MUZIRAMAKENGA,** uzwi kandi ku izina rya **MIZIGURUKA** (wavutse 1984), ni umuhanzi uhuza ibihugu byinshi byo mu Rwanda akaba n'umuyobozi ushinzwe guhanga.    Ibikorwa bye birimo imivugo, gukina, no gutunganya.  Insanganyamatsiko yakozeho zagarutsemo kenshi harimo kwihangana, ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, uburenganzira bwa muntu, feminism(uburinganire bw'abagore n'abagabo), no guhagararira abirabura.  

Miziguruka yakinnye muri filime zitandukanye harimo *Neptune Frost* ; *Petit Yishyura*, izwi kandi ku izina rya *Igihugu gito: Gukurira muri Afurika* ; *[[Grey Matter (film)|Grey matter]]* ; na *[[A Sunday on Kigali|Icyumweru k'i Kigali]]*. 

Yagize uruhare mu ikinamico yitwa *Kwiga Feminism yo mu Rwanda*, azenguruka Ubudage n'Ubusuwisi hagati *ya* 2020 na 2021.    Yanditse igitabo cyitwa *Méandres* kandi akora ibitaramo bihuriza hamwe amashusho n’imivugo mu birori bya Frequencies Festival i Berlin.Yerekanye ibikorwa bye nk’ukurikiranira hafi ubuhanzi bw’iki gihe i Seoul mu 2023.

Ibihangano bye byanditswe mu kinyamakuru *Wasafari* no mu gitabo rusange *Au dessous des Volcans*, cyasohowe na Sepia mu mwaka wa 2019. &#x5B;https://e.lavoisier.fr/produit/577774/9782140122699/au-dessous-du-volcan-rencontres-litteraires-de-goma?utm_source=chatgpt.com&#x5D;

## Ishakiro
Rwanda na Juliet

***U Rwanda na Juliet*** ni inyandiko ya nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda yakozwe na producer Ben Proudfoot .  

## Umugambi
Iyi filime ikurikira urugendo rw’umwarimu w’ishuri rikuru rya Dartmouth, Andrew Garrod i Kigali aho agerageza kwinjiza abakomoka ku bahutu n’abatutsi kugira ngo bakore icyiciro cya Shakespearean bizeye ko gishobora kubatera kwiyunga. 

## Kwakira
Filime yongewe ku masomo ya Universite Universite Film &amp;amp; Video Council .  Yerekanywe muri Meredith College,  ishyirahamwe ry'abanyeshuri rya USC Shoah Foundation . 

## Ibirori no kwerekana
Iserukiramuco rya Filime mu Rwanda 2016 

2016 Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Wisconsin 

## Ibihembo
Filime yatsindiye documentaire nziza mu iserukiramuco rya Filime rya 16 ngarukamwaka. 

## Reba
Emamode Edosio

**Emamode Edosio**,  uzwi cyane ku izina rya **Ema**, ni umukinnyi wa filime akaba n'umuyobozi wa filime. Yabonye impamyabumenyi ya Bachelor of Science  (B.SC.) muri siyanse ya mudasobwa yakuye muri kaminuza ya Leta ya Ogun . Yize gukora firime ya digitale muri New York Film Academy (NYFA) n'amashusho yerekana amashusho muri Motion Pictures Institute of Michigan, Amerika. Yakiriye Filime nziza n'umu Director w'umwaka batanga ibihembo bya bashiki bacu. 

Mu 2013, yasubiye muri Nijeriya. Yakoranye na sosiyete ikora filime nka 66 Dimension ni 2007. Nyuma yaje gukorana na Hip Hop TV, Clarence Peters muri Capital Dreams Pictures, EbonyLife TV ndetse aba  n'umwanditsi kuri BBC . Ema yasubiye ku ishuri i Abuja kugira ngo akomeze kwiga sinema . Yakoze filime nyinshi nka "Joy Ride", "Ochuko" anayobora Kasala .

## Ubuzima bwa mbere hamwe n'akazi ko kwiga
Edosio yavukiye mu rugo rwa gikristo. Ni umwana wa gatatu mu bana barindwi mu muryango we. Se ni umwubatsi akaba ari mu kiruhuko cy'izabukuru naho nyina yari umunyamategeko. Yatangiye amashuri ye muri Loral Nursery and Primary School, umujyi wa Festac, Lagos nyuma yaho akomereza muri kaminuza nkuru ya leta, Odogbolu imyaka mike mbere y'uko arangiza amashuri yisumbuye muri S-tee Private Academy, Umujyi wa Festac.

Yabonye impamyabumenyi ya B.Sc. muri siyanse ya mudasobwa yakuye muri kaminuza ya Olabisi Onabanjo, mbere yuko ajya kwiga gukora firime ya digitale muri NYFA n'amashusho yerekana amashusho muri Motion Picture Institute of Michigan . 

## Umwuga wabigize umwuga
Yagarutse muri Nijeriya mu 2013 nyuma ya gahunda ye yo kwiga muri Amerika.  Muri Nijeriya, Ema yakoranye na 66 Dimension, Hip Hop TV, Clarence Peters kuri Capital Dreams Pictures, TV ya Ebonylife na BBC. Nkumuyobozi, Ema yakoranye n'abahanzi bazwi nka 2Baba, 9ice, Lord of Ajasa, Terry da Rapmanand n'abandi benshi. Akazi ke ka mbere muri TV ya Ebonylife yitwa Heaven 

## Amashusho

* *Guverineri (ibiganiro bya TV)* (2016)
* *Kasala* (2018)

## Reba kandi

* Urutonde rw'abatunganya filime muri Nigeriya
* Urutonde rw'abakinnyi ba sinema bo muri Nigeriya

## Reba
Jo Ingabire Moys

**Jo Ingabire Moys** ni umunyarwandakazi  - umwanditsi , umukinnyi w’amafirime n’umuyobozi    aho filime ye ngufi ya mbere *[[Bazigaga]]* yaranzwe no gutorwa mu bihembo bya BAFTA nyuma yo kwitwara neza mu maserukiramuco atandukanye.    

## Ubuzima bwa Hambere n'amashuri Yize
Yavutse mu ntangiriro ya za 1990, mu ntangiriro ya Jenoside   yakorewe abatutsi n’abaturage bo mubwoko bw’Abahutu mu 1994  Yakuriye ikigali muricyo gihe  niwe wari muto mu bana batandatu .  Nyina yakoraga ubucuruzi mu gihe se yakoraga ku biro bya gasutamo.  

Mu 1997, igihe Moys yari afite imyaka 8, ku ikigo yigagaho  batatswe n’ingabo z’interahamwe zakoze jenoside icyo gihe zashimuse abana b’abanyapolitiki. , Moys n'umuryango we bimukiye muri Uganda imyaka umunani nyuma bajyaa mu Bwongereza .  Yize mu ishuri rya Dulwich mu majyepfo ya London . Aha niho yasanze ubuvanganzo bw'icyongereza kandi yibanda ku bitabo. Yarangije muri kaminuza  Mariya y'i Londres .

## Umwuga
Yakoze imirimo itandukanye muri firime na TV mbere yo kuba umuyobozi.I am *Leah,* ikinamico ye ya mbere *,* yiteguye kwerekanwa bwa mbere mu nzu mberabyombi ya Kamden mu 2024.Ni umwe mu bashinze umuryango wa **Ishami Foundation**, umuryango utabara imbabare urwanya ivangura rikorerwa impunzi n’abimukira mu bihugu bya Afurika. 

## Reba
Yuhi Amuli

**Yuhi Amuli** (wavutse ku ya 4 Nzeri 1993) ni umuyobozi wa firime,  umwanditsi Wa Firimi, Akanazituganya Akaba n'umunyamategeko, Akomoka mu Rwanda . Filime ye ya mbere yerekanywe bwa mbere "*uburyohe bw'igihugu cyacu" Ikaba izwi Nka "A Taste of our Land* (2020) yerekanywe bwa mbere muri Pan African Film Festival ryabereye i Los Angeles kandi yegukana igihembo cya Jury igihembo cya Filime nziza ya mbere yerekana inkuru. Iyi filime yagiye kwerekanwa mu yandi maserukiramuco atandukanye ya filime ku isi kandi yegukana ibihembo bya African Movie Academy Awards (2020) .Filime mbere yakozwe n’umuyobozi wayo yitwaye neza kurusha izindi

## Ubuzima bwa hambere nakazi
Amuli yakuriye ku kirwa cya Nkombo, ikirwa gito kandi kitaratera imbere mu kiyaga cya Kivu, mu Rwanda, kikaba kidafite amazi n'amashanyarazi.  Nyina yakoraga Mu ishuri  ribanza ari umwarimu, naho se yari umucungamari.  Nubwo amikoro Yari make Amuri yarezwe yihugurira cyane ku kamaro k’uburezi no ku kwihangana.  Yagiye mu mahugurwa menshi yo kwandika no kuyobora Firimi ku isi; harimo na Maisha Film Lab Yitabiriye muri 2014. 

Amuli yamenyekanye cyane muri filime ye ya mbere yise *“A Tasete of our Land"* (2020), Iyi filime Yakorewe mu gihugu cyo muri Afurika kitatangajwe izina, kandi ikubiyemo inkuru zabaye mu gihe abashinwa bari kwagura ibikorwa byabo kuri uyu mugabane, cyane cyane mu bikorwa by’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro. Yerekanwe bwa mbere mu Pan African Film Festival  ryabereye i Los Angeles, yegukana igihembo cya Jury igihembo cya Filime nziza ya mbere yerekana inkuru nziza ndetse n’igihembo cy’Africa Movie Academy Award kubera Filime nziza ya mbere yakozwe n’umuyobozi. Yabonye  cyumukinnyi mwiza kuri Michael Wawuyo Sr muri Festival du Cinéma Africain de Khouribga . 

Filime ye ya kabiri, *Citizen Kwame* (2023), ikurikira Kwame, umugabo wo muri Afurika wiyemeje kuva mu nzu ye. Ariko kugira ngo abigereho, agomba kubanza kubona viza itangwa n’umugenzuzi wo mu Burengerazuba ugenga uko abantu basohoka cyangwa binjira mu nzu. Ni mu bufasha akura mu mubano mushya agiranye n’umukobwa wo mu Burengerazuba aho ashobora kugera ku ntego ye. Iyo filime yegukanye igihembo cya Filime ndende ya mbere yakozwe n’umuyobozi wayo yitwaye neza kurusha izind mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Afurika rya Luxor 2023.  Muri 2017, yakoze *Nameless* abinyujije mu isosiyete ye yigenga yitwa , IZACU. Iyi filime yitabiriye  amahugurwa nyuma y’umusaruro mu iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Carthage muri Tuniziya, nyuma aza gutorwa kugira ngo ayikwirakwize na sitidiyo ya Orange mu Bufaransa.  Numunyeshuri wiga muri Berlinale Talents (2021) na Laboratwari ya Toronto (2020) . Kuva , Amuli yari arimo ategura film ye itaha, *Kuva* . 

Amuli afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'amategeko yakuye muri kaminuza yigenga ya Kigali (Kigali Independent University) kandi akurikirana impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga (LLMM) (icyiciro cya 2024)  yibanda ku mategeko agenga imyidagaduro mu ishuri ry'amategeko rya Loyola i Los Angeles. 

## Amashusho

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Yuhi Amuli on Instagram
Tete Loeper

**Tete Loeper,** uzwi kwizina   rya **Divine Gashugi Umulisa Muri** Filimi (wavutse mu 1990 i Huye, mu Rwanda ), ni umwanditsi w'umunyarwandakazi  , umunyamakuru, umukinnyi wa filime n’umurezi , . . Azwi cyane kubera uruhare rwe mu mushinga AMAHORO!, umushinga ugamije gushimangira ubufatanye hagati y’amashuri yo muri Baden-Württemberg (Ubudage) n’u Burundi, ndetse no guteza imbere guhahirana mu muco no mu burezi  .

## Ubuzima n'amashuri Yize
Tete Loeper, Amazina ye nyakuri Ni Divine Gashugi Umulisa, ni umuhanzi, umunyamakuru, umukinnyi wa filimi n’umurezi Ukomoka Mu Rwanda n’Ubudage. Yize muri Groupe Scolaire Sainte Bernadette na Groupe Scolaire Officiel de Butare, aho yize ubugeni. Mu 2009 yatangiye umwuga we nk’umwanditsi wa porogaramu ya radiyo *Urunana* kandi yatangiye no gukina mu makinamico y’imbere mu gihugu no ku rwego mpuzamahanga - aho yigeze gukina nk’umukinnyi mukuru muri *[[:fr:Roméo_et_Juliette|Romeo na Juliet]]*. Mu 2013 yabonye impamyabumenyi ya kaminuza (Licence) mu Itangazamakuru n’Itumanaho muri Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda .

Tete Loeper ukomoka mu Rwanda , yabayeho mu buhungiro mu gihe cya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Burundi na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo . Ubunararibonye bwamuteye gusobanukirwa n’imibereho n’umuco mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari  . Uru rugendo rwe bwite rwagize uruhare runini mu kwiyemeza kwiga no guhana imico kama  ,  .

### Umwuga
Tete Loeper yatangiye umwuga we nk'umunyamakuru, yandika ku ngingo zijyanye na  n'uburezi n'uburenganzira bwa muntu  .

Kuva mu 2022, afite umwanya wumuhuzabikorwa wa *AMAHORO!* gahunda, yashyizwe mu bikorwa na Baden-Württemberg ( Ubudage ). Iyi gahunda igamije gushimangira ubufatanye mu burezi hagati y’abanyeshuri b’Abadage n’Uburundi.

Tete Loeper kandi yitabiriye, mu myaka irenga icumi, mu mishinga yo guhanga no kwigisha hamwe n’abasore b’Abarundi, cyane cyane mu buhanzi n’uburezi  ,  .

## Umusanzu
Tete Loeper yiyamamariza uburezi burimo no kugaragara kwa gahunda zuburezi mpuzamahanga. Ibikorwa bye bigira uruhare mu gushimangira ubwumvikane hagati y'Ubudage n'ibihugu bya Afurika y'Iburasirazuba  .

## Imirimo

* 

## Ingingo zijyanye

* Umuco w'u Rwanda
* Urutonde rwabanditsi bavuga ururimi rw'ikidage
* Urutonde rw'abanditsi bo mu Rwanda
* Urutonde rw'abantu baharanira uburenganzira bw'umugore
* Ubuvanganzo bw'u Rwanda

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze
Beautifully Broken (film)

**Beautifullly Broken** ni film yikinamico ya gikirisitu yo muri Amerika 2018 iyobowe na Eric Welch. Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo Benjamin A. Onyango, Scott William Winters, Michael W. Smith, Emily Hahn, Caitlin Nicol-Thomas na Eric Roberts mu nshingano zabo . Yashyizwe ahagaragara ku ya 24 Kanama 2018 na ArtEffects. 

## Umugambi
Ababyeyi barwanira gukiza imiryango yabo, Ubuzima bwabo buhuzwa mu rugendo rutari rwitezwe ku isi yose, aho bahugurwa ku bijyanye n’imbabazi n’ubwiyunge.

## Abakinnyi

* Benjamin Onyango nka William Mwizerwa
* Scott William Winters nka Randy Hartley
* Michael W. Smith nka Pasiteri Henry
* Emily Hahn nka Andrea Hartley
* Caitlin Nicol-Thomas nka Darla Hartley
* Eric Roberts nka Larry Hartley
* Ditebogo Ledwaba nka Umuhoza
* Sibulele Gcilitshana nka Keza
* Bonko Khoza nka Mugenzi

## Gosohoka
*Beautifully Broken* yarekuwe muri Amerika ku ya 24 Kanama 2018. 

### Igisubizo gikomeye
Ku rubuga rwo gusubiramo urubuga Rotten Tomatoes, firime ifite ibyemezo bya 67% hashingiwe kubisobanuro Bwa six Reviews, naho impuzandengo ya 5.8/10 . 

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Beautifully Broken at IMDb 
* Beautifully Broken at Rotten Tomatoes 
* Beautifully Broken at Box Office Mojo
Alliance Isimbi

**Alliance Isimbi** (uzwi kandi ku izina rye ry'ubuhanzi **Alliah Cool** ) ni umukinnyi wa filime wo mu Rwanda, umukinnyi wa filime na producer, wavutse ku ya 9 Gicurasi 1989  . Ni umuntu uzwi cyane muri sinema Nyarwanda, cyane cyane kubera kwagura umwuga we akagera ku rwego mpuzamahanga, nko muri Nollywood (Nijeriya).

## Umwuga wa film
Alliance Isimbi yagaragaye bwa mbere muri filimi y'uruhererekana . yacaga kuri television Rwanda izwi nka Rwasa .

Arakora kandi nkutegura filimi afite intego yo gushishikariza abakobwa bakiri bato bo muri Afrika gukurikira inzozi zabo binyuze mubikorwa bye   .

Yaguye umwuga we ku rwego mpuzamahanga, akorana  n'ibigo byitangazamakuru muriNijeriya  .Yakoze ku mushinga *Accidental Vacation* afatanyije n’abahanga bo muri Nijeriya nka Anita Alaire Afoke Asuoha (Real Warri Pikin), kandi yabonye ibihembo muri Nijeriya kubera uruhare rwe mu ruganda rw’imyidagaduro  .

## Amashusho

* Rwasa (Urukurikirane) 
* Alliah Filime 
* Good Book, Bad cover 
* Lockdown 
* Accident Vocation

## Kwiyemeza no Gutandukanya
Mu kwezi kwa Gashyantare 2022, Alliance Isimbi yatorewe kuba Ambasaderi Mpuzamahanga w’Amahoro (International Peace Ambassador) n’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga w’Abaharanira Amahoro ku Isi (IAWPA), bishimira uruhare rwe n’umuhate afite  ,  .

## Reba
MUTAKARA

MUTAKARA: ni umudugudu uherereye mu kagali ka masagara , mu murenge wa MUSANGE,akarere ka nyamagabe

1.https://www.google.com/search?q=MUTAKARA&oq=mutakara&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqBggAEEUYOzIGCAAQRRg7MgsIARAAGAoYCxiABDILCAIQABgKGAsYgAQyCwgDEAAYChgLGIAEMgsIBBAAGAoYCxiABDIGCAUQRRg8MgYIBhBFGDwyBg
Ishuri ryisumbuye rya IFAK Don Bosco

IFAK Don Bosco ni ishuri ryisumbuye riherereye mu karere ka Gasabo mu murenge wa Kimihurura, rikaba ryigisha abanyeshuri bari mu cyiciro cyibanza cy'amashuri yisumbuye(O Level) n'icyiciro gikuru gisoza amashuri yisumbuye (A Level). 

Ishuri rya IFAK ryashinzwe n'umuryango mugari w'abasaleziyene mu mwaka w'1964, rifite intego yo gufasha abakiri bato gukura mu bwenge no mu mwuka, kumenya gutekereza byimbitse, no kugira imyitwarire ihwitse byose bifasha uwahize kugira ubumenyi buhagije ku isoko ry'umurimo. 

## Amasomo yigishwa muri IFAK Don Bosco
Ishuri ryigisha amasomo akurikira:

* Ubugenge, Ubutabire n'imibare (PCM (Physics-Chemistry-Mathematics))
* Ubugenge, Ubutabire n'ibinyabuzima (PCB (Physics-Chemistry-Biology))
* Imibare, ubutabire n'ibinyabuzima (MCB (Mathematics-Chemistry-Biology))
* Imibare, Ubumenyi bwa mudasobwa n'ubumenyi mu bukungu (MCE (Mathematics-Computer Science-Economics))
* Imibare, Ubugenge n'ubumenyi bwa mudasobwa ((Mathematics-Physics-Computer Science)).

## Amashakiro
Byumba

Byumba ni umujyi n'igice biri mu majyaruguru y'u Rwanda n'umurwa mukuru w'Akarere ka Gicumbi. Niho hari umudugudu w'abana wa SOS. Uyu mujyi uherereye nko muri kilometero 60 (37 mi), mu majyaruguru y'umurwa mukuru Kigali. [2] Aha hantu hari nko muri kilometero 30 (19 mi), mu majyepfo y'umupaka mpuzamahanga na Uganda muri Gatuna.
thumbhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=byumba&title=Special%3AMediaSearch&type=image

Abaturage
Kugeza mu 2012, abaturage bo muri Byumba bari 75.463.

Ibikorwa by'ubukungu
Banque Populaire du Rwanda (BPR), ifite ishami i Byumba.

Uburezi
Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ikoranabuhanga n'Ubuhanzi i Byumba (UTAB)

reference

1.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byumba
LAMBORGHINI

Automobili lamborghini S.p.A ni sosiyete yo mu  Butaliyani ikora imodoka zihenze zizwi nka sports car  n' imodoka zifite imbaraga nyinshi. iyi sosiyote ifite icyicaro i **Sant'Agata Bolognese** mu butaliyani kandi izwi ku isi yose kubera imodoka n'ikoranabuhanga rihanitse 

## [https://www.lamborghini.com/en-en/history Amateka]
Lamborghini yashinzwe mu **1963** na **Ferruccio Lamborghini**, umushoramari w’umutaliyani wari umaze kumenyekana mu gukora imashini n’amapikipiki. Yashakaga gukora imodoka za siporo zifite ubudasa ku isoko ry’icyo gihe kandi zihanganira urujya-n’uruza rwa buri munsi. 

Imodoka ya mbere yakorewe ni **350 GT** mu mwaka wa 1960, ariko izamuhaye izina rikomeye ni **Miura** mu 1966, izwi cyane ku isi kubera ko yari ifite moteri hagati (mid-engine), bitari bisanzwe kuri izo modoka. 

Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, Lamborghini yagiye ikora izindi modoka zizwi nka **Countach**, **Diablo**, **Murciélago** n’izindi, zose zigaragaza umuvuduko, imbaraga n’imiterere yihariye. 

Mu 1998, Automobili Lamborghini yabaye sosiyete iyobowe na Audi AG, sozi ya Volkswagen Group, bituma ishobora gukura no gukora imodoka zigezweho mu ikoranabuhanga no mu isoko mpuzamahanga. 

## Ibicuruzwa n’Imodoka

### Imodoka za Siporo
Lamborghini izwi cyane ku modoka za siporo zifite imikorere myiza, harimo:

* Revuelto – imodoka ya siporo ifite moteri ya V12 plug-in hybrid, yashyizwe ku isoko mu 2023. 
* Temerario – imodoka ya V8 plug-in hybrid, yashyizwe ku isoko mu 2024. 

### SUV (Imodoka nini)

* Urus SE – ni SUV ifite moteri ya twin-turbo V8 plug-in hybrid, ikaba imwe mu modoka za Lamborghini zikunzwe kandi zigurishwa cyane. 

## Ikoranabuhanga n’Imiterere
Lamborghini iharanira gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu gukora imodoka zayo no gukora imodoka zifite imbaraga nyinshi ariko zifite n’ibikorwa byita ku bidukikije, harimo gahunda yiswe Direzione Cor Tauri igamije kwimakaza imodoka zishyira imbere ikoreshwa ry’ingufu zidahumanya ikirere kandi ziramba. 

## Umusaruro n’Imurikagurisha
Kuva mu ishingwa ryayo, Lamborghini yakomeje gutera imbere. Mu mwaka wa 2023, yabashije kugeza ku bakiriya imodoka zirenze 10,000 mu mwaka umwe ku nshuro ya mbere mu mateka yayo, ikaba ari ikimenyetso cy’iyongera ry’ubucuruzi no kwaguka kw’isoko. 

## Icyicaro n’Abakozi
Sosiyete Automobili Lamborghini ifite abakozi basaga 3,000, kandi ifite urutonde rw’abacuruzi mu bihugu birenga 50 ku isi yose, bituma imodoka zayo zigurishwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga. 

## Umurage n’Umurimo
Lamborghini ni kimwe mu byamamare mu rwego rw’imodoka zihenze kandi zifite imbaraga, ikaba ifite umubano ukomeye n’abakunzi b’imodoka ku isi yose. Imodoka zayo zikunze kugaragara mu bitaramo by’imodoka, indirimbo, sinema n’ahandi mu muco rusange.
Bentley

Isosiyete ikora imodoka ya Bentley ni isosiyete izwi cyane y’imodoka ikora ibinyabiziga bifite moteri yo mu rwego rwashinzwe ku ya 10 Nyakanga.1919 na Walter Owen aho icyitegererezo cya mbere cyubatswe i Cricklewood (mu Bwongereza) [1] [1]

IT ifite icyicaro gikuru mu Bwongereza Pyms Lane, Crewe, Cheshire.

Itanga moderi zitandukanye zirimo imodoka zihenze hamwe na SUV zimwe aho bake muribo bashobora kurutonde hepfo:

Ingero z'umusaruro ugezweho (2025)

 Coupe nziza cyane. Moderi yo mu gisekuru cya kane 2025 igaragaramo sisitemu ya "Ultra-Performance Hybrid" isimbuza moteri yahoze ya W12.

 Ihindurwa rya verisiyo ya GT, itanga gufungura-hejuru kuzenguruka.

.

 SUV nziza ya Bentley. Iraboneka muburyo butandukanye harimo imikorere-yibanze hamwe no guhumurizwa.

.  https://www.bentleymotors.com/en/about-bentley/beyond-100/coming-this-way.html
EPAK Don Bosco primary school

**EPAK Don Bosco** ni ikigo cy'amashuri abanza cyigwamo nabanyeshuri kuva mumwaka wa mbere kugeza mumwaka wa 6. icyi kigo cya Epak Don Bosco cyafunguwe  nabasaleziyani (selesians) mu mwaka wi 1990. Icyi kigo Epak Don Bosco cyigwaho nabana bose ndetse kikaba kiyobowe n'abasaleziyani. 

Icyi kigo Epak Don Bosco cyatangijwe numutagatifu witwa Don Bosco ndetse akaba yarafatanije na  Padiri Provincial Pierre Celesin Ngoboka hamwe na Padiri Jean Bosco Ntirenganya. 

**IBYO ABANYESHURI BIGA MURI EPAK Don Bosco**

* Imibare ( Mathematics)
* Imyigire yimibereho ( Social studies)
* Ubumeny bwibigaragara ( Science)
* Iyobokamana ( Religion)
* Ururimi rw'ikinyarwanda (Kinyarwanda)
* Ururimi rw'icyongereza ( English)
* Ururimi rw'igifaransa  ( Francais)

## Amashakiro
Saint don bosco

**Mutagatifu Don Bosco** (izina rye bwite yitwaga **Yohani Bosco** cyangwa **John Bosco** mu Cyongereza) azwi ku Isi hose nk**'"Umubyeyi n'Umwarimu w'Urubyiruko"**. Yari umupadiri Gatolika w'Umudage wo mu kinyejana cya 19, wamenyekanye cyane kubera ubwitange bwe mu burezi no mu gufasha urubyiruko rwari rwaratawe cyangwa rubayeho mu buzima bugoye. 

Isomo nyamukuru isi yize kuri Don Bosco, cyangwa Mutagatifu Yohani Bosco, ni agaciro k'uburezi bushingiye ku rukundo, ikizere, n'impuhwe, cyane cyane mu rubyiruko. Yagaragaje ko kugira ngo umuntu yigishwe neza, agomba kubanza kugaragarizwa urukundo no kwitabwaho, bityo yashyizeho uburyo bw'uburezi bwitwa "Salésien" cyangwa "Preventive System", bukubiyemo gutanga ubumenyi, kumurika inzira y'ubuzima, no gutegura abakiri bato kuzamura imibereho yabo no kugira uruhare mu iterambere ry'igihugu, aho kubahana n'ibihano cyangwa iterabwoba. Ubu butumwa bukomeje kugira ingaruka nziza mu Rwanda no ku isi hose binyuze mu bigo by'amashuri n'ibindi bikorwa bigamije guteza imbere urubyiruko

## Amashakiro
B-2 spirit

= Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit =
The **Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit**, also known as the **Stealth Bomber**, is an American heavy strategic bomber, featuring low-observable stealth technology designed to penetrate dense anti-aircraft defenses. A flying wing design with a crew of two, the B-2 is capable of delivering both conventional and thermonuclear weapons.https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104482/b-2-spirit/#:~:text=all%20military%20operations.%20(-,U.S.%20Air%20Force%20photo%20by%20Staff%20Sgt.,both%20conventional%20and%20nuclear%20munitions.

## Development and History
The B-2 originated from the "Advanced Technology Bomber" (ATB) project during the Carter administration. Its development was a significant leap in aerospace engineering, focusing on reducing the aircraft's radar, infrared, visual, and acoustic signatures.https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104482/b-2-spirit/

* **Manufacturer:** Northrop Grumman
* **First Flight:** July 17,1998 https://web.archive.org/web/20240201013534/https://investor.northropgrumman.com/news-releases/news-release-details/media-invited-celebrate-25th-anniversary-b-2-bomber-first-flight#:~:text=First%20flight%20occurred%20on%20July,sign%2Din%2C%20security%20screening)
* **Introduction:** April 1997
* **Status:** In service

## Design Features
The B-2’s most distinctive feature is its **flying wing** configuration, which lacks a fuselage or tail. This shape, combined with radar-absorbent materials (RAM), makes it exceptionally difficult to detect on radar.https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104482/b-2-spirit/

### Stealth Technology
The aircraft's stealth comes from a combination of reduced acoustic, infrared, visual, and radar signatures. This allows the B-2 to operate at high altitudes without being easily targeted by surface-to-air missiles or interceptor aircraft.https://simpleflying.com/7-reasons-b-2-bomber-beast/

## Operational History
The B-2 was originally designed to strike high-value Soviet targets during the Cold War. However, it has seen extensive use in conventional conflicts since its debut.

# **Kosovo War (1999):** The B-2's combat debut, where it used GPS-guided JDAM munitions for the first time.https://www.britannica.com/technology/B-2
# **Operation Enduring Freedom:** Conducted some of the longest combat missions in history, flying from Missouri to Afghanistan.https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104482/b-2-spirit/
# **Operation Iraqi Freedom:** Provided precision strikes against command and control centers.https://lexingtoninstitute.org/b-2-stealth-bomber-at-war/

**Note:** Due to its high maintenance requirements and sophisticated skin, the B-2 requires specialized climate-controlled hangars to protect its radar-absorbent coating.https://www.slashgear.com/1957751/the-surprising-requirement-the-b-2-spirit-needs-to-stay-stealthy/
Spiro

**SPIRO** yageze mu Rwanda nk’ikigo gishya cya **moto** za elegitoroniki, by’umwihariko ni intambwe ikomeye mu kwimakaza uburyo bw’ingendo burambye. Iyi **moto** ya elegitoroniki yashyizwe ku isoko ku itariki ya 3 Nzeri 2025, kandi igamije kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ibikomoka kuri peteroli ndetse no kugabanya ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije.

Iyi **moto** ya **SPIRO** ijyanye n'intego za **Rwanda** zo kuba igihugu gikoresha ingufu zisubira (clean energy), ikazafasha mu guteza imbere uburyo bw’ingendo burambye. Izi **moto** zifite ubushobozi bwo kuba uburyo bw’ingendo bwiza, bworoshye kandi bwizewe, by'umwihariko ku bantu ndetse n’ibigo by’ubucuruzi. Kubera ko zigendera ku magetsi gusa, zizatuma abantu n’ibigo bigabanya ibiciro by’ingendo kubera kutagombera gufata lisansi cyangwa mazutu.

Byongeye kandi, **SPIRO** izatuma u Rwanda ruba igihugu gitekereza imbere mu bijyanye no kwimakaza ibikoresho bishya mu gutwara abantu. Iyi **moto** izafasha mu guteza imbere imirimo mishya no guteza imbere ubucuruzi bwaho. Gutangira gukoresha iyi tekinoloji bizatuma u Rwanda ruba igihugu cyiteguye gukora ku buryo burambye, bujyanye n’ibihe biri imbere.

**Moto** za **SPIRO** kandi zizongera kuzamura iterambere ry’ingendo n’ubucuruzi, zigabanye neza iby’ingendo, ndetse zikemura ikibazo cy’**moto** zisanzwe zakoreshwaga muri Afurika, nazo zigira ingaruka ku buryo bwa rutura bw’ibihe byahise.

Utekereza ko ibindi bihugu byo muri Afurika cyangwa ahandi ku isi bizafatanya n’u Rwanda mu gukoresha **moto** za elegitoroniki nka **SPIRO**?

SPIRO  is an innovative brand of electric motorcycles that recently made its debut in Rwanda. Launched on September 3, 2025, these motorcycles represent a significant step towards sustainable transportation in the country. With the aim of promoting eco-friendly commuting, SPIRO motorcycles operate solely on electric power, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and minimizing environmental impact.
Imyitwarire y'amuntu

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## Ubumenyi bw’Imitekerereze bushingiye ku Myitwarire (Behavioral Psychology)
Ubumenyi bw’imitekerereze bushingiye ku myitwarire, buzwi nka *Behavioral Psychology*, ni ishami ry’ubumenyi bwiga kandi bugasesengura **imyitwarire igaragara y’abantu n’inyamaswa**, hibandwa ku buryo imyitwarire yiga, igahinduka, kandi ikagenzurwa n’ibidukikije. Iri shami ryirinda kwibanda cyane ku bitekerezo byihishe mu mutwe, ahubwo rikita ku byo umuntu akora bishobora gupimwa no kugaragara.

Behavioral Psychology ishingiye ku gitekerezo cy’uko imyitwarire myinshi **yigishwa binyuze mu bunararibonye**, cyane cyane hifashishijwe **ibihembo (reinforcement)** n’**ibihano (punishment)**. Abahanga bagaragaje ko iyo imyitwarire ihembwe, ishobora kwiyongera, naho iyo ihaniwe, ishobora kugabanuka cyangwa igahagarara burundu.

Hari amahame y’ingenzi agenga Behavioral Psychology. Irimwe muri ryo ni **kwiga binyuze mu gusubiramo (conditioning)**. Habaho ubwoko bubiri bw’ingenzi:

* **Classical conditioning**, aho umuntu yiga guhuza ikintu n’ikindi (nk’uko byagaragajwe https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov Ivan Pavlov).
* **Operant conditioning**, aho imyitwarire igenzurwa n’ingaruka zayo, nk’uko byasobanuwe nahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B._F._Skinner B.F. Skinner.

Iri shami ry’ubumenyi rifite akamaro kanini mu nzego zitandukanye z’ubuzima. Mu burezi, rifasha abarimu gutegura uburyo bwo kwigisha bushingiye ku guhemba imyitwarire myiza y’abanyeshuri, bityo bigatuma biga neza kandi bakitwara neza. Mu rwego rw’ubuvuzi bw’indwara zo mu mutwe, Behavioral Psychology ikoreshwa mu gufasha abantu guhindura imyitwarire itabafasha, nk’ubwoba bukabije, imyitwarire yo kwigunga, cyangwa ingeso mbi.

Nanone, Behavioral Psychology ifite uruhare mu mibereho ya buri munsi. Ifasha abantu gusobanukirwa impamvu bitwara mu buryo runaka no kumenya uko bahindura imyitwarire yabo bifashishije imyitozo, kwiyemeza, n’ibihembo byiza. Ibi bituma umuntu yiyubaka, akagira imyitwarire imufasha kugera ku ntego ze no gutera imbere.

Mu gusoza, ubumenyi bw’imitekerereze bushingiye ku myitwarire ni ingenzi cyane mu gusobanukirwa no kunoza imyitwarire ya muntu. Bwerekana ko imyitwarire myinshi ishobora kwigishwa no guhindurwa, bigatanga umusanzu ukomeye mu iterambere ry’umuntu ku giti cye n’iry’umuryango muri rusange.