open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Mike Lookee

**Ange Michel** Ntwali w’imyaka 33 yarabonye izuba mu mwaka wi 1989 avukira mu Ngagara ho mu mujyi wa Bujumbura aza gukurira i Kigali mu murwa mukuru w'u Rwanda ari naho yavuye yerecyeza mu gihugu cya Norvege. akoresha izina ry’ubuhanzi rya Mike Lookee ni umwe mu bahanzi baririmba mu njyana ya Hip-Hop urimo kwitwara neza mu gihugu cya Norvège.

## Amateka y'Ubuzima  bwe bwite
Uyu muhanzi avuka ku mubyeyi umwe w’Umurundi undi w’Umunyarwanda.Yavukiye mu gihugu cy’u Burundi akurira mu Rwanda baza kwimuka nya bajya muri Norvège.

Lookee afite indirimbo zikunzwe cyane ndetse ni umwe mu bafite indirimbo zirebwa cyane kuri Youtube. Iyitwa Get Back Up imaze kurebwa n’abasaga 15,000,000.

## Urungendo rwa muzika
ubuhanzi bwe bwatangiye kugaragara kera akiri muto, ubwo yajyaga mu bakaraza i Burundi, aho yatangiye gukunda cyane iby’umuziki n’ubuhanzi muri rusange. Bruce avuga ko uyu muhanzi yaje gukunda cyane abahanzi bakomeye nka Sisqo, usher na Michael Jackson.  Indirimbo ye ya mbere yise My style yatumye akundwa cyane ndetse atangira no kwibona mu baraperi bo mu gihugu cya Norvege aho aba ubu. Iyi ndirimbo yari imwe mu ndirimbo zigize mixtape yise “the outsider”. Mu minsi itatu gusa, iyi Mixtape The outsider yamanuwe kuri interineti (Download) inshuro zigera ku 3000.

## References
Nkusi Thomas

Nkusi Thomas wamenyekanye cyane ku izina rya Yanga yavutse mu mwaka w' 1980 yitaba Imana mu 2022

## Amateka
Nkusi Thomas wamenyekanye cyane ku izina rya Yanga yavutse mu 1980. Nkusi thomas yashakanye na Eriko umugore w'umuyapanikazi mu mwaka w'2011 babyarana abana 2.

## Amashuri yize

## Imirimo
Mu 1998, Yanga yatangiye gusobanura amafilime abitangirira aho bita kuri 40 i Nyamirambo kwa Mayaka. Yanga yakomeje kubikora nk'umwuga akabikorera mubice bitandukanye nka Remere, Kicukiro, Kabeza na Kanombe hari ahantu abantu bahurira bakareba izo filime yasobanuye. Yanga nubwo yatangiye mu 1998 yamenyekanye cyane kuva mu mwaka wa 2000 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2013.

## Amashakiro
Umuryango Nyarwanda w'abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva no kutavuga(RNUD)

RNUD mu icyongereza: (Rwanda National Union of the Deaf) ni umuryango w’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta Wanditswe (Reg No 69/05) uhuza ibyiciro byose by’abatumva kugira ngo bakemure ibibazo byabo mu mibereho, ubukungu, umuco na politiki. RNUD yashinzwe mu 1989 n’abantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutumva hagamijwe kwishyira hamwe, kumenyekanisha ibibazo / impungenge n’uburyo byakemuka.

## Amateka
Abatumva bashinze RNUD nyuma yo kubona ko ibyo bakeneye hamwe n’ibibazo byabo birengagijwe n’umuryango mugari. Inshingano y'ibanze ya RNUD ni ukureba inyungu z'abatumva, kuvugana mu rurimi rw'amarenga kugira ngo babaha serivisi, bakemure ibibazo byabo kandi babe nk'inzobere mu kutumva. Icyakora, Ishyirahamwe ryarasenyutse biturutse kuri jenoside yibasiye u Rwanda, mu 1994 aho benshi mu banyamuryango bashinze biciwe.

Abatumva bo mu Rwanda bahura n’urubuga rugoye rw’ibibazo kuva ku mibereho, ubukungu, umuco n’iterambere, imyumvire mibi y’abaturage ku batumva, inzitizi z’itumanaho. Ubukene burusheho gutesha agaciro abatumva kugera ku cyubahiro n’ubumwe no kubona akazi n’uburere aho batuye kandi ibyo bikababuza kwishimira byimazeyo uburenganzira bw’ibanze bwa muntu buhabwa abantu bose. RNUD yiyemeje guharanira amahirwe angana y’Abanyatumva batumva ndetse n’uburenganzira bwabo bwa muntu nk'uko bigaragara mu mategeko mpuzamahanga ndetse n’igihugu.

RNUD ni umunyamuryango w’amashyirahamwe y’igihugu y’abafite ubumuga mu Rwanda (NUDOR) kandi yifatanije n’ishyirahamwe ry’abatumva (WFD). RNUD ikora kandi ku bufatanye na serivisi ishinzwe ubushake mu mahanga (VSO) u Rwanda, Malmo Deaf club - Suwede, Ikigega cy’uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga na Fondasiyo( Foundation )ya Kentalis n’ubuyobozi bw’ibanze.

## Indanganturo
Kayitare Wayitare Dembe

**Kayitare Wayitare Dembe** wamamaye mu ndirimbo yakunzwe n’abanyarwanda batari bake izwi nka "abana b'afurika" n’izindi zivugira imfubyi zasizwe iheru heru na Sida.

## Amateka
Kayitare Wayitare Dembe nyuma yo kumara igihe kingana n’imyaka icumi nta gihangano cye cyumvikana,ubu aho agarukiye akaba amaze gushyira hanze indirimbo ebyiri zifite n’amashusho ari zo ’Anita na Fata Kumano’ aho bimaze kugaragara ko atigeze yibagirana mu mitwe y’abakunzi b’umuziki nyarwanda.

## References
Sintex

Umuhanzi Kabera Arnold uzwi ku izina rya **Sintex**, akaba na murumuna w’umunyarwenya Nkusi Arthur. Sintex ni umuhanzi ufite imbaraga n’ubuhanga ndetse n’umuziki uryohera benshi mu bakunda injyana ya Dancehall. ubu ni CEO w'inzu itunganya umuziki ya Afurica Calabash.

yakoze zimwe mundirimbo nka Twifunze,Hand of God,You,Por Favor…n’izindi.

## Amateka

### Urungendo rwa muzika
Sintex yatangiye muzika mu mwaka wa 2012.  Aririmba injyana ya Afro music. Kugeza ubu amaze kugira indirimbo nyinshi harimo: Indoro, akabazo, Blessed, Chocolate, African Beauty na Money, hashize imyaka isaga ine ubwo yakoraga indirimbo yise ‘Why’. Yavuze ko yagiye mu muziki abizi neza ko buri kintu kibamo ingorane.

Umuhanzi Sintex akaba amaze kwitabira ibitaramo binyuranye harimo na  Kigali Up 2014. Ibitaramo aheruka kwitabira abifashijwemo na Company imutera inkunga ya U5, harimo igitaramo cyabereye mu kabyiniro ka Le Must yahuriyemo n’abahanzi bakomeye ba hano mu Rwanda ndetse n’igitaramo yakoreye I Rubavu cyari kigamije gususurutsa ba mukerarugendo bari baturutse mu bihugu bya Kenya n'Ubugande.

## References
Scilla

Umuhanzikazi Umuratwa Priscillah uzwi nka Princess Priscilah uba muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za America,

## Amateka y'Urungedo rwa Muzika
Uyu mukobwa yamenyekanye mu ndirimbo nka ‘Mbabarira’, ‘Itangazo’, ‘Nkeneye umukunzi’, ‘You and I’ yakoranye na Jay Polly, muri ‘Bagupfusha ubusa’ yagaragayemo aba stars benshi n’izindi. Princess Priscillah amaze “imyaka” icyenda  n’imisago muri Amerika, aba i Texas. Yagiyeyo muri Nyakanga mu mwaka 2013 agiye kuhakomereza amasomo ya kaminuza. Priscilla ni umuhanzikazi ufite impano, kandi umaze kumenyekana mu ndirimbo z’urukundo “Icyo ubarusha” n’izindi z’urukundo usanga zikora ku marangamutima y’abafana be cyane cyane abagore.

## References
Rwasamanzi Yves

Rwasamanzi Yves ni umutoza w’ikipe y’igihugu  AMAVUBI y’abatarengeje imyaka 23. ubusazwe akaba ari umutoza w’ikipe ya Marines FC, Yves Rwasamanzi avuga ko ari amahirwe kuba atoza ikipe iyobowe n’abasirikare kuko ifite uko yubakitse uko byagenda kose itazamo akavuyo**.** Aba kandi yarigeze nogutoza ikipe ya La Jeunesse Fc.

## AMASHAKIRO
Ruremesha Emmanuel

Ruremesha Emmanuel umutoza umaze gutoza amakipe menshi mu Rwanda.

## UBUZIMA BWITE

Ruremesha Emmanuel yavukiye ku Mumena, yize amashuri abanza kuri EP Cyivugiza ayasoreza kuri Camp Kigali mu karere ka Nyarugenge , yakomeye ayisumbuye mu Burundi, nyuma Ya jenocide yakorewe Abatutsi yaje gusoreza amashhuri kuri ET Muhazi mu ishami ry'ubucuruzi.

## MURI RUHAGO
Ruremesha Emmanuel yakinishaga ku ruhande agakinisha  akuguru kuburyo, yatangiye gukina ubwo yakiniraga ku Mumena, Nyuma ajya mu ishuri ry'umupira rya Panthere mu 1989,avamo ajya mu irerero rya Rayon sports fc ryatozwaga na Nsoro, Kubera Kwiga Ruremesha Emmanuel yerekeje muro Repubulika Iharanira Demukarasi ya Congo ariko aza mu myitozo kwa Vigure mu karere ka Rubavu, mu 1992 yagiye kuba mu Burundi yerekeza mu ikipe ya Coca-Cola Fc yo mubuyenzi, avamo yerekeza mu ingimbi za Vital'O, Nyuma ya Genocide yerekeje muri Mukura V.S .

### MU GUTOZA

Ruremesha Emmanuel ari muri Mukura kuko arinaho yatangiriye akazi ko gutoza kuva muri 2003 yahawwe gutoza abana ndetse anabifatanya no gutoza ikipe ya Kaminuza yu Rwanda yitwa Ur Fc, nyuma yabaye umutoza mukuru wa Mukura, muri 2007 yerekeje muri Kibuye Fc aho yamenyanye na Ntagwabira Jean Marie bari bavanye mu mahugurwa muri Gabon, yatoje nk'umutoza wungirije wa ATRACO FC, akomereza muri Rayo sports fc, akomereza muri La jeunesse Fc yavuye agaruka muri Mukura V.S muri 2013 avayo ajya muri Espoir Fc, akomeza ajya muri Gicumbi Fc na Enticelles Fc ayihesha umwanya wa 4, akomeza ajya muri Musanze Fc aza guhagarikwa yerekeza muri Kiyovv Sports yavuymo ajya muri Gorilla Fc avayo asubira muri Mukura V.S akaba ariyo yatozaga mbere yo kwerekeza muri Rwamagana Fc.

## IBIKOMBE YATWAYE

Ruremesha Emmanuel  yatwaye igikombe cya CECAFA yakuye hanze ubwo yari muri ATRACO FC ubwo yari yungirije nyakwigendera Ntagwabira Jean Marie.

## AMASHAKIRO
Hakizimana Adolphe

Hakizimana Adolphe ni umunyezamu w’ikipe y’igihugu y’abatarengeje imyaka 23, avugako mu Rwanda bagiye muri Libiya kwerekana icyo bashoboye kuko babizi neza ko iyi mikino ari n’imwe mu nzira yo kubafungurira imiryango mu ikipe y’igihugu nkuru Amavubi, umusazwe akaba ari umunyezamu w’ikipe ya Rayon sports fc..

## AMASHAKIRO
Kitoko

**Musabwa Patrick** bakunze kwita **Kitoko** yavutse tariki 12 Nzeri 1985, avukira ahitwa Kazibwa mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo mu cyahoze ari Zaire. Kitoko ni umuhanzi nyarwanda uririmba indirimbo zikunzwe na benshi mu Rwanda ndetse no mu karere.  

## AMATEKA Y'UBUZIMA BWE
Kitoko yatangiye amashuri y'incuke I Nimazita, Mu karere ka Nyabikere mu gihugu cy' Uburundi nyuma aza kurangiriza amashuri y'isumbuye I Nyanza mu ntara y'Amajyepfo mu Rwanda, akomereza amashuri y'isumbuye mu kigo cya Espanya cyo mu mugi wa Nyanza mu ntara y'Amajyepfo, ari naho yarangirije mu ishami ry'icunga mutungo, uretse umwaka umwe wo muwa gatanu yavuzeko yagiye kwiga mu cyahoze ari Cyangugu kubera impamvu ze. 

Kitoko yaje gutangira muzika mu mwaka wa 2008 ubwo yarasoje kwiga amashuri y'isumbuye. Kitoko yaje gusohora indirimbo muri uwo mwaka yitwa "Ikiragi" ariyo yamushyize ku rwego rukomeye muri muzika nyarwanda.

## UKO YATUNGUWE N'ABANYARWANDA NYUMA YO KUGARUKA MU GIHUGU
Kitoko ubundi utarusanzwe akibarizwa mu Rwanda aho yagiye mu bwongereza mu mwaka wa 2013 aho yari yaragiye gukomereza ibijyanye n'amasomo ye, yaje kugaruka mu mwaka wa 2017, ubwo yageraga ku kibuga mpuzamahanga cy'indege cya Kigali i Kanombe yakiranywe urugwiro n'inshuti n'abavandimwe ndetse na bamwe mu bahanzi.

## URUGENDO RW'URUKUNDO RWE
Uyu muhanzi ukundwa  n'abatari bake mu Rwanda, ariko cyane cyane igitsina gore kubera igihagararo cye ndetse n'ijwi ryiza afite ubu abarizwa mu bwongereza. bwa mbere na mbere yerekanye amafoto asomana n'umukobwa bakundana kumugaragaro binavugwa ko baribafitanye ubukwe mu mwaka wa 2020 

## AMASHAKIRO RUSANGE
Mugiraneza Jean Baptise

Mugiraneza Jean Baptiste wamenyekanye nka Migi mu kipe y’Igihugu ‘Amavubi’ no mu makipe atandukanye nka La Jeunesse Fc, APR FC, Kiyovu Spotrs, Azam Fc ari mu gahinda gakomeye nyuma yo gupfusha nyina umubyara.

## AMASHAKIRO
Active Again

**Active Again** ni itsinda nyarwanda ririmba injyana ya Afrobeat na R&B, rigizwe n'abasore batatu aribo Derek Sano, Tizzo na Olivis. Ni Itsinda bashinze kuwa 25 Nyakanga 2013 bigizwemo uruhare na Bagenzi Bernard watunganyaga amajwi n’amashusho muri icyo gihe.

## Umwuga
Itsinda rya Active Again rikivuka ryaje risanga andi matsinda yari akomeye arimo nka Dream Boyz ndetse na Urban Boyz yari yarigaruriye imitima y’abafana b’umuziki Nyarwanda, Active iza ari itsinda rifite byinshi rihuriyeho birimo kuba ari ababyinnyi beza bagiye banyura mu matsinda abyina anyuranye. Ntibyatinze kuri iri tsinda ngo ribashe kugaragaza ubuhanga ndetse ibitangazamakuru byibanda ku myidagaduro bitangira kubashyira mu nkuru nyamukuru cyane cyane ubwo basohoraga indirimbo yabo ‘Udukoryo twinshi’ itaravuzweho rumwe ku bw’ibyamamare bagiye bagarukaho byatumye bigarurira imbaga nini y’urubyiruko rwakundaga indirimbo zibyinitse ndetse bagakundirwa n’uburyo basusurutsa abantu ku rubyiniro. 

Igihe cyarageze itsinda rya Active riza gutandukana n’inzu ifasha abahanzi ya Incredible Records ya Bagenzi Bernard wagize uruhare mu guhuriza hamwe abagize iri tsinda berekeza muri New Level bagamije kwagura ibikorwa byabo.Umunsi ku wundi Active nk’itsinda ni ko ryakuraga ndetse batangira gukorana n’abahanzi banyuranye bo hakurya y’imbibi indirimbo nka Waga waga bakoranye na Vampino, Amafiyeri bakoranye na Barnaba Classic ndetse na Go Mama bakoranye na Mwana FA ziri mu byabafunguriye imiryango mu Karere ka Afurika y’Iburasirazuba.

Uretse gukora indirimbo nziza zibyinitse, ikibatsi cy’urukundo rwa Derek na Miss Teta Sandra ndetse na Olivis hamwe na Miss Vanessa nubwo rwaje kuyonga ni bimwe mu byagiye bifata imitwe y’inkuru nyamukuru z’ibitangazamakuru bikora inkuru z’imyidagaduro mu Rwanda.

## Ibyatumye havuka agatotsi hagati yabo
Umwaka wa 2018 wasize Derek, umwe mu bagize iri tsinda afashe umwanzuro wo gusubira ku ntebe y’ishuri akajya kwiga muzika ku Nyundo asize bagenzi be bakoranaga mu itsinda. N’ubwo byari ikintu cyiza haba kuri we ndetse no ku itsinda, bisa nk’ibitarigeze biganirwaho hagati yabo kugira ngo barebere hamwe uko imyigire ye itagira ingaruka ku buzima bw’itsinda. Byaje gusa n’ibyatumye havuka agatotsi hagati yabo, ibihangano byabahuzaga birabura ndetse bamwe ntibatinya kwemeza ko iri tsinda riri mu marembera cyo kimwe n’andi anyuranye yagiye atandukana nyuma yo gucika intege no kutumva ibintu kimwe mu bayagize.

## References
Imirire

Imirire (uhereye ku ntungamubiri z'ikilatini : kugaburira) ni urutonde rwibikorwa nuburyo ibinyabuzima bikira kandi bigahindura ibintu (atome, ion, molekile, birimo cyangwa bitari mubiribwa ) kugirango bikore neza. Imirire nubumenyi butandukanye, hamwe namashoka abiri yingenzi. Ku ruhande rumwe, physiologie yimirire ivuga uburyo umubiri ukora uburyo bwo guhindura ibiryo, nukuvuga inzira ya metabolike. Ibi bikubiyemo kwiga ku ruhare rwa macronutrients na micronutrients kurwego rwa mikorobe ya biohimiki ya selile, ningaruka ku ngingo zubusumbane hagati yingufu zinjizwa ningufu zikoreshwa n’ibinyabuzima. Kurundi ruhande, psychologiya yimirire isesengura imyitwarire yo kurya kumuntu cyangwa itsinda. Yibanze ku bibazo nka " Kuki turya ? "Aho?" twahitamo dute ibiryo byacu ? ". Mu bantu, ibyo bibazo bifitanye isano n’imibereho n’ibidukikije nkibidukikije byubatswe, itangazamakuru na politiki y’ubuzima, ndetse n’umwihariko wabo nk'ibyo binjiza cyangwa umuco wabo.

## Ibisobanuro by'ibiryo

Kubera ko imirire ijyanye isano iri hagati y’ibinyabuzima n’ibiribwa byayo, ni ngombwa gusobanura ibifatwa nkibiryo. Hano hari ibisobanuro bibiri, bitewe nuburyo bwa physiologique cyangwa psychologique. Mubwa mbere, ibiryo birimo ibintu byose bifite intungamubiri, ni ukuvuga, muri byo. " kuribwa birakenewe kugirango ubeho, ubuzima bwiza no gukura kwabana »  . Uburyo bwo mu mutwe burakumirwa, urebye ko " ibintu bifite intungamubiri nyinshi ntibishobora kubarwa nkibiryo niba ntawe ubiriye [kuko] abantu badakunze gutekereza kubyo barya mubijyanye nintungamubiri »  . Muyandi magambo, ibiryo muburyo bwubuzima bwa buri munsi biterwa numuco : nk'urugero, amaso ya baleine afite intungamubiri kubera ko arimo proteyine na vitamine A ariko umuntu ku giti cye ntashobora kubifata nk'ibiryo byemewe.

Referances
Imirire y'ababyeyi

**Imirire y'ababyeyi** ( **PN** ) ni ukugaburira umuntu ibiryo byintungamubiri kumitsi,  kurenga inzira isanzwe yo kurya no gusya. Ibicuruzwa bikozwe ninganda zikora imiti .  Umuntu yakira imvange yintungamubiri akurikije amata arimo glucose, umunyu, aside amine, lipide na vitamine hamwe nubunyu ngugu .  Yitwa **imirire yuzuye y'ababyeyi** ( **TPN** ) cyangwa **intungamubiri zose** ( **TNA** ) mugihe nta mirire ihambaye iboneka munzira zindi, hamwe **nimirire yababyeyi igice** ( **PPN** ) mugihe imirire nayo yinjiye mubice . Yitwa **imirire** yababyeyi ( **PPN** )  mugihe itanzwe binyuze mumitsi yinjira mumubiri aho kunyura mumitsi yo hagati nkimirire yimitsi **yo hagati** ( **CVN** ).

## Gukoresha ubuvuzi
Indyo yuzuye  (TPN) itangwa mugihe inzira ya gastrointestinal idakora kubera guhagarara mukomeza (irahagaritswe, cyangwa ifite ibibyimba - fistula ) cyangwa kuberako ubushobozi bwayo bwo kwangirika bwangiritse.  Yakoreshejwe kubarwayi ba comatose, nubwo kugaburira munda mubisanzwe ari byiza, kandi ntibikunze guhura nibibazo. Imirire y'ababyeyi ikoreshwa mu gukumira imirire mibi ku barwayi badashobora kubona intungamubiri zihagije binyuze mu nzira cyangwa mu nda.  Umuryango w’ubuvuzi bukomeye (SCCM) hamwe n’umuryango w’abanyamerika ushinzwe imirire y’ababyeyi n’imirire irasaba gutegereza kugeza ku munsi wa karindwi wo kwita ku bitaro. 

### Ibimenyetso byuzuye kuri TPN
Indwara zisaba gukoresha TPN zirimo:

* Short bowel syndrome
* Kubura amara
* Amaraso akora gastrointestinal
* Pseudo-inzitizi hamwe no kutihanganira byuzuye ibiryo
* Ibisohoka byinshi (bisobanurwa nka> 500ml / kumunsi) fistula enteric-cutaneous (keretse niba umuyoboro ugaburira ushobora kunyuzwa kure kuri fistula)

### Indwara ya Gastrointestinal
TPN irashobora kuba inzira yonyine ishoboka yo gutanga imirire kubarwayi badafite inzira zifata gastrointestinal cyangwa bafite ibibazo bisaba kuruhuka amara byuzuye, harimo no kubura amara,  syndrome de mara,  gastroschisis,  impiswi ndende tutitaye kubitera,  indwara ikomeye ya Crohn  cyangwa colitis ulcerative colitis,  hamwe nindwara zimwe na zimwe zabana ba GI harimo kuvuka kwa GI anomalies hamwe na enterocolitis enterocolitis . 

### Referances
Uwimana Jean d‘Amour

Uwimana Jean d‘Amour yavutse 26 ukwakira 1988, yavukiye mu mujyi wa Kigali, ni umwe mu bakinnyi bazwi mu Rwanda bakiniye iyi kipe nka La Jeunesse Fc, aho yakinnye mu ikipe y'igihugu yu Rwanda "Amavubi", akabaya yarakiniye amakipe atandukanya nka Police Fc, Kiyovu Sports, Rayon Sports fc, A.S Kigali, ATRACO FC. akaba yarakinnye imikino ya CECAFA ndetse nindi y'agicuti y'ikipe y'igihugu. 

## AMASHAKIRO
Erik Spoelstra

**Erik Spoelstra,** yavutse1Ku ya 1 Ugushyingo 1970 i Evanston, muri Illinois, ni umutoza wa basketball . Kuri ubu ni umutoza wa francise ya Miami Heat . Niwe Munyamerika wambere wumunyamerika watoje ikipe yigihugu ya Basketball (NBA) kandi yegukana igikombe cya NBA .

Kuva mu 2001 kugeza 2008, Spoelstra yari umutoza wungirije hamwe na Heat franchise, mbere yo kuzamurwa nk'umutoza mukuru. Aherekejwe na Chris Bosh, LeBron James na DwyaWade, yagaragaye inshuro 4 zikurikirana muri NBA Final kuva 2011 kugeza 2014, yegukana ibikombe 2 muri 2012 na 2013 .

## Ubuzima bwahambere

Spoelstra yamaze ubuzima bwe i Buffalo, muri New York, nyuma i Portland, Oregon . Spoelstra yize mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Jesuit iBeaverton, aho yitwaye neza nk'umuzamu w'ikipe ya basketball  Yambara numero 30 mumashuri yisumbuye nyuma akaza muri kaminuza mucyubahiro Terry Porter, umwe mubakinnyi akunda  Mbere y’umwaka we mukuru, Spoelstra yagiye mu kigo cya Nike All-Star cya Sonny Vaccaro i Princeton, ari kumwe n’abakinnyi bazaza nka Alonzo Mourning, Shawn Kemp, Billy Owens, na Bobby Hurley 

Spoelstra yahawe buruse, amaherezo yemera kujya muri kaminuza ya Portland, mu mujyi yavukiyemo. Yagereranije amanota 9.2, afasha 4.4, na reba 2,4 kuri buri mukino. Ni umunyamuryango wa club amanota 1000 kandi ni umuyobozi mubyiciro byinshi byibarurishamibare  Spoelstra yabonye impamyabumenyi mu itumanaho  .

Amaze kubona impamyabumenyi, yahawe akazi maze amara imyaka ibiri mu cyiciro cya kabiri cya Shampiyona ya Basketball mu Budage nk'umutoza-wungirije w’umukinnyi wungirije wa TuS Herten, ikipe y’umukino wa Basketball wabigize umwuga mu Budage ifite icyicaro i Westphalie, mu Budage  . Ni muri urwo rwego Spoelstra yabonye akazi ke ka mbere ko gutoza, nk'umutoza w'ikipe y'urubyiruko yaho. Yatangiye kugira ibibazo byumugongo arangije umwaka wa kabiri. Mu 1995, Spoelstra yahawe andi masezerano yimyaka ibiri niyi kipe, ariko Miami Heat nayo yamuhaye akazi.

### Referances
Rwaka Claude

Rwaka Claude ni umwe mu bakinnyi bazwi mu Rwanda bakiniye iyi kipe nka  La Jeunesse Fc, aho ubu asigaye uri umutoza w'ungirije nka muri Rayon Sports fc, Kiyovu sports, police Fc ndetse na Mukura V.S aho hose aba yungirije umutoza mukuru Haringingo Francis Christia ukomoka mu Burundi.

## AMASHAKIRO
Rubangura Omar

Rubangura Omar ni umwe mu bakinnyi bazwi mu Rwanda bakiniye iyi kipe nka La Jeunesse Fc, ubu akaba ari umutoza mukuru wiyi ikipe.

## AMASHAKIRO
Gatera Moussa

Gatera Moussa umutoza watoje amakipe arimo Sunrise FC, Isonga FC, Rayon Sports FC nk’umwungiriza kimwe no mu Ikipe y’Igihugu Amavubi y’Ingimbi (U17), Ubusanzwe Gatera azwiho gukoresha abakinnyi badafite amazina manini ariko akababyaza umusaruro nk’uko yabikoreye Espoir FC muri uyu mwaka w’imikino bagatanga umusaruro.

## AMASHAKIRO
Ndikumana Hamad

Ndikumana Hamad witwaga  Katauti yavutse 5 Ukwakira 1978 – yapfuye 15 Ugushyingo 2017,  ni umukinnyi wamamaye cyane hano mu Rwanda ndetse yanakiniye ikipe y’igihugu Amavubi, akaba yarakiniye amakipe atandukanye harimo Rayon sports fc aranayitoza hamwe na Musanze Fc, nandi m'akipe menshi y'iburayi, yakoze ubukwe bw’agatangaza na Oprah bwabereye muri Tanzaniya, urugo rwabo ntirwarabye kuko aba bombi batandukanye bamaze kubyarana umwana umwe w’umuhungu bise Krish Ndikumana.

## AMASHAKIRO
Casa Mbungo André

Casa Mbungo André yatoje amakipe atandukanye mu Rwanda guhera mu 2000 arimo A.S Kigali, Kiyovu Sports, SEC Academy, Police FC,  Rayon Sports Sunrise FC ,  Bandari FC,  na Gasogi United akaba yaraherukaga muri Kenya atoza ikipe ya AFC Leopards, ndetse yagiye yitabazwa no mu ikipe y’igihugu Amavubi, Niwe mutoza umaze gufasha amakipe abiri atandukanye yo mu Rwanda kwegukana igikombe cy’Amahoro, Yabigezeho mu 2013 ari kumwe na AS Kigali no mu 2015 atoza Police FC.
## AMASHAKIRO
Urban Boyz

**Urban Boyz** ni itsinda ryo mu Rwanda rikora injyana ya R&amp;B na Afropop, rikaba rigizwe n'abaririmbyi 2 James Manzi (Humble Jizzo) na Muhammed Nshimiyimana (Nizzo Kaboss), mbere y'uko batandukana na mugenzi wabo bahoze baririmbana Safi Madiba. Umunyamakuru wo mu Rwanda wandikira ikinyamakuru *[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]]*  muri 2013 yatangaje ko "Urban Boyz ariryo tsinda rikomeye mu gihugu." 

## Amateka
Urban Boyz yasohoye umuzingo (album) yabo ya mbere "*Icyicaro"* mu mwaka wa 2008, Kandi kuva ubwo, yasohoye indirimbo zirenga 70 ndetse na Album (imizingo y'indirimbo) 3. Bakoranye n'abahanzi benshi bo mu karere k'ibiyaga bigari, harimo Abanyarwanda nka Riderman, Mico The Best, King James n'Abagande nka Jackie Chandiru, Rabadaba n'itsinda rya Goodlyfe (Radio na Weasel).  Indirimbo zabo bazanditse mu Cyongereza, mu Kiswahili n'iKinyarwanda. 

## Ibihembo
Urban Boyz yegukanye umwanya wa kabiri mu marushanwa ngarukamwaka ya Primus Guma Guma Super Star (PGGSS), yabereye kuri Stade Amahoro muri Kanama 2013.  Indirimbo yabo "*Bibaye"* yatowe nk'indirimbo y'umwaka muri 2013, mu kwezi kwa 3 , Urban Boyz yatsindiye ibihembo bine bya Salax mu byiciro bitandukanye harimo nk'umuhanzi w'umwaka, Umuhanzi w'umugabo mwiza, Itsinda ryiza na Video nziza. 

## Amashakiro
Umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bw'abafite ubumuga

**Umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga**  n’umuryango uharanira inyungu rusange ku isi ushakisha amahirwe angana n’uburenganzira bungana ku bafite ubumuga bose.

Igizwe n’amashyirahamwe y’abaharanira **ubumuga**, azwi kandi ku **baharanira ubumuga**, kwisi yose ikorana nintego n'ibisabwa bisa, nka: kugerwaho numutekano mubwubatsi, ubwikorezi, nibidukikije bifatika; amahirwe angana mubuzima bwigenga, uburinganire bwakazi, uburezi, nuburaro; n'umudendezo wo kuvangura, guhohoterwa, kwirengagizwa, no kuvutswa uburenganzira. Abaharanira ubumuga barimo gukora kugira ngo bakureho inzitizi z’inzego, iz'umubiri, n’abaturage zibuza ababana n’ubumuga kubaho ubuzima bwabo nkabandi baturage.
Ubuvuzi

Sitati igaragaza uwatangije imiti

**Ubuvuzi** ni siyansi  kandi ikora  yo kwita ku murwayi, gucunga indwara, guhanura, gukumira, kuvura, kwanduza imvune cyangwa indwara, no guteza imbere ubuzima bwa abarwayi . Ubuvuzi bukubiyemo ibikorwa bitandukanye byubuzima byahinduwe kugirango bibungabunge kandi bigarure ubuzima hakoreshejwe gukumira no kuvura indwara . Ubuvuzi bwa none bukoresha ubumenyi bwibinyabuzima, ubushakashatsi bwibinyabuzima, genetiki, n’ikoranabuhanga mu buvuzi mu gusuzuma, kuvura, no gukumira ibikomere n’indwara, ubusanzwe binyuze mu miti y’imiti cyangwa kubaga, ariko kandi binyuze mu buvuzi butandukanye nko kuvura indwara zo mu mutwe, gutandukana , ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi, ibinyabuzima, n'imirasire ya ionizing, mubindi. 

Ubuvuzi bwakorwaga kuva mu bihe byabanjirije amateka, kandi muri iki gihe ahanini bwari ubuhanzi (agace ko guhanga n'ubuhanga), akenshi bufitanye isano n'imyizerere ishingiye ku idini na filozofiya y'umuco wabo. Kurugero, umuganga wumugabo yakoreshaga ibyatsi akavuga amasengesho yo gukira, cyangwa umufilozofe numuganga wa kera yakoreshaga amaraso akurikije amahame yo gusetsa . Mu binyejana byashize, kuva siyanse ya kijyambere yatangira, ubuvuzi bwinshi bwabaye ihuriro ryubuhanzi na siyanse (byombi byariingenzi kandi bikoreshwa, munsi yubumenyi **bwubuvuzi** ). Kurugero, mugihe ubuhanga bwo kudoda kubudozi nubuhanzi bwizwe binyuze mumyitozo, yubumenyi bwibibera kurwego rwa selile na molekuline mubice  biva mubumenyi.

Uburyo bwa kera bwubuvuzi, ubu buzwi nkubuvuzi gakondo cyangwa *ubuvuzi bwa rubanda*, bwagumywe bukoreshwa cyane mugihe hatabayeho ubuvuzi bwa siyansi, bityo bakitwa ubundi buvuzi . Ubundi buryo bwo kuvura hanze yubuvuzi bwa siyanse hamwe n’umutekano hamwe n’ingirakamaro byitwa kugoragoza .
Sogonya Hamiss

Sogonya Hamiss wahirwe Kishi cyangwa Cyishi yatangiye gutoza muri 1995, yatoje amakipe nka Espoir Fc, S.C Kiyovu Sports, Les Citadins (yitwa ubu A.S Kigali), Police FC, Flash FC, Etincelles Fc and Amagaju FC, Kirehe FC, A.S Kigali ya bagore  na Gorilla FC yatwaye igikombe cy'Amahoro ari kumwe na A.S Kigali muri 2001.

## AMASHAKIRO
Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

**Dissociative identity disorder** (**DID**)' izwi nka **disikuru nyinshi** (**MPD**), kandi **abantu benshi bavuga ko ari indwara** itandukanijwe,  ni indwara yo mu mutwe irangwa no kubungabunga byibuze imiterere ibiri itandukanye kandi ihoraho.  Akajagari kajyanye no kubura kwibuka cyane kurenza uko byasobanurwa no kwibagirwa bisanzwe.   Imiterere ivuga ubundi buryo bwerekana mumyitwarire yumuntu   ariko, kwerekana imvururu biratandukanye.  Ibindi bintu bikunze kugaragara ku bantu barwaye DID harimo ihungabana ry’ihungabana nyuma y’ihungabana, ihungabana ry'umuntu (cyane cyane imipaka no kwirinda ), kwiheba, gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge, indwara yo guhindura ibintu, indwara ziterwa na somatike, kurya nabi, kurya nabi, guhungabana, no kubura ibitotsi . Kwikomeretsa, gufatwa na epileptic, flashback hamwe na amnesia kubintu bikubiyemo flashback, guhungabana, no kwiyahura nabyo birasanzwe.

## Incamake
Ibice bitatu bikurikira bikurikira biratanga incamake muncamake yimpamvu yatanzwe yo guhungabanya indangamuntu (DID) nuburyo yamenyekanye; ubuvuzi busanzwe bwa DID, nuburyo bukunze kubaho; hanyuma amaherezo uko byumvikana mumico yuburengerazuba. Ingingo zose zifatwa muburyo burambuye mubice bikurikira.

## Kuvura na epidemiologiya

Ubuvuzi muri rusange burimo ubuvuzi bufasha hamwe na psychotherapi .  Ubusanzwe indwara ikomeza kutavurwa.   Bikekwa ko bigira ingaruka ku 1.5% by'abaturage muri rusange (hashingiwe ku cyitegererezo gito cy'abaturage bo muri Amerika) na 3% by'abinjira mu bitaro bafite ibibazo byo mu mutwe mu Burayi no muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru.   DID isuzumwa inshuro zigera kuri esheshatu kubagore kurusha abagabo.  Umubare w'imanza zanditswe wiyongereye cyane mu gice cya nyuma cy'ikinyejana cya 20, hamwe n'umubare w'indangamuntu zavuzwe n'abagize ingaruka. 

## Sosiyete n'umuco
DID ntivugwaho rumwe murwego rwubuvuzi bwo mu mutwe ndetse n’amategeko.  Ibirego bya DID byakoreshejwe gake cyane kugirango impaka zasaze mu rukiko. Ntibisobanutse niba ubwiyongere bw’ibipimo by’ihungabana biterwa no kumenyekana neza cyangwa ibintu by’umuco nk’ibitangazamakuru rusange .  Ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso mubice bitandukanye byisi birashobora kandi gutandukana bitewe numuco, urugero guhindura indangamuntu zifata uburyo bwo gutunga imyuka, imana, abazimu, cyangwa imibare yimigani mumico aho usanga ibihugu bitunze bisanzwe.   Gutunga uburyo bwo gutandukanya indangamuntu ntibishaka kandi birababaje kandi bibaho muburyo bunyuranyije n’umuco cyangwa idini. 

### Referances
Itsinda rya TNP

Itsinda rya TNP ryatangiye kumenyekana muri muzika mu mwaka wa 2010 ritangijwe n’abasore batatu aribo Trecy, Nicolas na Passy ari nazo nyuguti zigize izina ry’iri tsinda (TNP). Gusa kugeza ubu muri iryo tsinda hasigaye habarizwamo abasore babiri aribo ‘Trecy na Paccy’.

## Amateka

### Urugendo rwa muzika
Bamenyekanye cyane mu ndirimbo nka ’Ku bwinshi’, ’Kamere’, ’Ndamburiraho ibiganza ft Knowless’ , ’Kamucerenge’ n’izindi. Mu myaka itanu bamaze mu muziki nta gikombe na kimwe barahabwa ndetse ntibarakora album gusa ngo babifite mu mishinga. Iri tsinda ryavutse mu mpera z’umwaka wa 2010, ariko mu buto bwabo bakaba batarigeze barota kuba abahanzi ahubwo uko bagiye barushaho kubana niko bagiye bisangamo impano yo kuririmba maze binjira mu muziki batyo.

## Urugendo rwabo mu PGGSS
Iri tsinda, ni rimwe mu bahanzi 10 bahataniraga Primus Guma Guma Super Star nubwo bari bashya muri iri rushanwa ngo bizeye kuzitwara neza ndetse bakagera kure. Nubwo bigoye cyane, bahamya ko amahirwe bagize yo kwinjira muri PGGSS batazayapfusha ubusa ahubwo bazayabyaza umusaruro bakamenyekana kurushaho ndetse n’izina ryabo rikamenyekana cyane mu Rwanda.

## Iherozo rya TNP
Mu 2017 nibwo ibya TNP byageze ku iherezo. Icyatumye batandukana ngo ni uko Tracy nta bushake yari agifite bwo gukora umuziki mu gihe Passy we yari afite umuhamagaro.     Mu 2018 Passy yagarutse mu muziki akora indirimbo yitwa “Mbaye Wowe” ndetse irakundwa ku rwego rwo hejuru. Kuri ubu akomeje urugendo rwe n ‘ubwo ataragera ku rwego nk’urw’itsinda ryariho.

## References
Muhire Hassan

Muhire Hassan yatangiye gutoza umupira w'amaguru muri 1998, yatoje amakipe atandukanye nka Kiyovu sports, Enticelles Fc, Ur Fc, Kist Fc, Gasabo Fc, Bugesera Fc, Miroplast Fc, Rugende Fc yatoje ikipe y'igihugu y'batarengeje imyaka 20 muri 2007 ubwo yungirije umutoza Roger Parmergren, ni umwe mubatoza bane bagiye bwa mbere mu mahugurwa y'ubutoza mu gihugu cyu Budage ku mugabane w'i Burayi ari kumwe na Seninga Innocent utoza Sunrise Fc, Habimana Sostene na Mashami Vincent.

## AMASHAKIRO
Ubuzima Bwamenyo Murirusange

**Ubuzima bw'amenyo rusange** aribwo **Dental Public Health**( **DPH** )  mundimi zamahanga ni para-clinique yihariye yubuvuzi bw'amenyo    bujyanye no gukumira indwara zo mu kanwa no guteza imbere ubuzima bwo mu kanwa.   Ubuzima rusange bw'amenyo bugira uruhare mugusuzuma ibikenerwa byubuzima bw amenyo kandi bikazana ibisubizo bifatika byateza imbere ubuzima bw amenyo yabaturage aho kuba abantu kugiti cyabo. Ubuzima rusange bw'amenyo burashaka kugabanya ibisabwa muri sisitemu yubuzima hifashishijwe uburyo bwo kohereza umutungo mu bice byihutirwa.  Ibihugu ku isi byose bihura nibibazo bisa bijyanye n'indwara z'amenyo. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politiki n'amahame biratandukanye bitewe no kubona 

ibikoresho. Kimwe nubuzima rusange, gusobanukirwa nibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka kubuzima bizafasha gushyira mubikorwa ingamba zifatika.
Indwara ziterwa n amenyo zirashobora kwirindwa cyane. Ubuvuzi bw'amenyo rusange bukorwa muri rusange binyuze muri gahunda zatewe inkunga na leta, zikaba ahanini zerekeza ku bana bo mu mashuri ya Leta bizera ko imyigire yabo mu isuku yo mu kanwa ari yo nzira nziza yo kugera ku baturage muri rusange. Icyitegererezo kuri gahunda nk'izo mu bihe byashize ni abakora amenyo basura buri mwaka ku ishuri kugira ngo batange ibiganiro kandi berekane uburyo bukwiye bwo koza amenyo. Mu myaka ya za 70, hagaragaye gahunda irambuye. Harimo icyumweru cy'isaha imwe yo kwigisha, kwerekana, n'ibibazo n'ibisubizo, bikozwe na muganga w'amenyo n'umufasha w'amenyo kandi bafashijwe na mwarimu wari warahawe amasaha menshi yo kwigisha. Ikoreshwa ryakozwe kandi muri gahunda yo kwigisha amenyo yubuzima bw'amenyo kuri tereviziyo, ababyeyi bashishikarijwe kuyubahiriza.

## Ibikorwa
Ikigo cy’Abanyamerika gishinzwe ubuzima bw’amenyo (ABDPH) cyateguye urutonde rwubushobozi bwinzobere mu buzima bw’amenyo rusange bagomba gukurikiza.  Inzobere mu buzima bw'amenyo ni itsinda ryatoranijwe ry’amenyo yemewe. Ubushobozi icumi butuma iterambere no kwigira kubantu no gushyiraho ibizaba ejo hazaza. Ibyiza byo gushushanya nuko bishyirwa mubikorwa kurwego rwisi. Urutonde ruvugururwa buri gihe. 

### Referances
AMASO

**Ibara ry'ijisho** ni fenotipiki ya polygeneque igenwa n'ibintu bibiri bitandukanye: pigmentation y'imboni ry'ijisho,   hamwe n'inshuro biterwa no gukwirakwiza umucyo ukoresheje uburyo bwa turbid muri toroma ya iris .  Mu bantu, pigmentation y'imboni ry'iisho iratandukanye kuva mubururu bwijimye ugahinduka umukara bitewe n'ubunini bwa melanin muri epitelium ya iris pigment (iherereye inyuma ya iris). Ibirimo melanin biri muri stroma (irimo imbere y'imboni ry'ijisho), hamwe n'ubucucike bwa selile ya troma.  Kugaragara kw'amaso y'ubururu, icyatsi, na hazel biva muri Tyndall ikwirakwiza urumuri muri troma, ibintu bisa nk'ibibara ubururu bw'ikirere bwitwa Rayleigh gutatanya .  Ntabwo ibara ry'ubururu cyangwa icyatsi kiboneka muri iris ya muntu cyangwa amazi ya ocular .    Ibara ry'ijisho rero ni urugero rw'ibara ry'imiterere kandi riratandukanye bitewe n'uburyo bwo kumurika, cyane cyane ku maso y'amabara yoroshye .Amaso afite amabara meza y'ubwoko bwinshi bw'inyoni aturuka ku kuba hari izindi pigment nka pteridine, purine, na karotenoide .  Abantu n'andi matungo bifite fenotipiki itandukanye mu buryo bw'amaso.

## Genetic

Ibara ryijisho ni uruhererekane rukomoka ku turemangingo dutandukanye.   Utu turemangingo dushakishwa hifashishijwe amashyirahamwe kugira ngo yihindure mato mato ubwayo no muturemangingo  bituranye. Izi mpinduka zizwi nka polymorphism imwe-nucleotide imwe cyangwa SNPs. Umubare nyawo w'uturemangingo ugira uruhare mu ibara ry'amaso nturamenyekana, ariko hari abakandida bake. Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe i Rotterdam (2009) bwerekanye ko bishoboka guhanura ibara ry'amaso hamwe n’ibice birenga 90% byukuri byijimye ni ubururu ukoresheje SNP esheshatu gusa.  Hariho ibimenyetso byerekana ko uturemangingo tugera kuri 16 dushobora kuba nyirabayazana w'amaso y'abantu, icyakora, Uturemangingo tubiri nyamukuru tujyanye no guhinduranya amabara y'amaso ni *[[:en:OCA2|OCA2]]* na *[[:en:HERC2|HERC2]]*, kandi byombi biherereye muri Chromosome 15 . 

## Guhindura ibara ry'amaso

Abana benshi bavutse bafite ibisekuruza by'abanyaburayi bafite amaso yibara. Mugihe umwana akura, melanocytes (selile ziboneka mumatwi y'umuntu , kimwe n'uruhu n'umusatsi) bitangira kubyara melanine . Kuberako melanocyte selile ikomeza kubyara pigment, mubitekerezo ibara ry'amaso rishobora guhinduka. Ibara ry'amaso akuze rishyirwaho hagati y'amezi 3 na 6 y'amavuko, nubwo ibi bishobora kuba nyuma.  Kurebera imboni y'ijisho ry'umwana kuva ku ruhande ukoresheje urumuri rwanduye gusa ntirugaragaze inyuma y'imboni, birashoboka kumenya ahari melanine nkeya cyangwa aho zitari. Imboni y'ijisho igaragara mubururu muri ubu buryo bwo kwitegereza birashoboka cyane kuguma ari ubururu uko uruhinja rukura.Imboni igaragara nka zahabu irimo melanine ndetse no muri iyi myaka mike kandi birashoboka ko izahinduka ubururu igahinduka icyatsi cyangwa hazel  nkuko uruhinja rugenda rukura.

### Referances
Zaba Missed Call

Niyonkuru Clinton ni umunyarwenya uzwi kw'izina rya Zaba Missed call.

## Amateka
Niyonkuru Clinton uzwi kw'izina rya Zaba Missed call ni umunyarwenya, akaba asetsa abantu binyuze mu ma filime zisetsa cyane cyane kuri Afrimax.

## Umwuga w'ubunyarwenya

## ibindi

## reba
Hategekimana Bonaventure

Hategekimana Bonaventure wamenyekanye cyane ku izina rya Gangi, yari umwe mu bakinnyi bakinnye mu bwugarizi mu makipe yose akomeye hano mu Rwanda arimo Rayon Sports, APR Fc, Kiyovu, ATRACO Fc,yakinnye kandi no mu yandi makipe arimo Etincelles fc, Marines fc, Espoir fc,A.S Muhanga ndetse na Musanze FC   yashorejemo umupira kubera uburwayi.

## AMASHAKIRO
Igikombe cy’Amahoro

igikombe cy’Amahoro ni igikombe cya Ferwafa.

## IBIBANZA
igikombe cy’Amahoro ni igikombe gitegurwa  n'ishyirahamwe ry’umupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda, FERWAFA, Ikipe yegukanye igikombe cy’Amahoro niyo ihagararira igihugu cyu Rwanda, mu mikino nyafurika ya CAF Confedration Cup. Mu gihe hari ikipe yegukanye igikombe cya shampiyona n’igikombe cy’amahoro ikipe yagarukiye ku mukino wa nyuma w’igikombe cy’amahoro niyo ihagararira igihugu mu mikino ya CAF Confederation Cup.

## AMAKIPE AGIKINA
igikombe cy’Amahoro gikinwa n'ikipe yose ibishaka yo mu kiciro cya mbere n’amakipe ni yo mu kiciro cya kabiri azwi n'ishyirahamwe ry’umupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda, FERWAFA.

## AMAKIPE YACYEGUKANYE

igikombe cy’Amahoro amakipe amaze kugitwa ni nka RAYON SPORTS FC, A.S KIGALI, MUKURA V.S, S.C KIYOVU, APR FC, POLICE FC .

## IBIHEMBO
Igikombe cy’Amahoro ikipe  igitwaye ihabwa miliyoni 10 z'amafaranga yu Rwanda.

## AMAKIPE YAGITWAYE
Dore uko amakipe yagiye yegukana igikombe cy’amahoro:

#   1994/95 APR FC
#   1996 APR FC
#  1997 Rwanda
# 1998 Rayon Sports
# 1999 APR FC
#  2000 APR FC
# 2001 Les Citadins(A.S Kigali ubu)
#  2002 APR FC
# 2003 Rayon Sports
#  2004 Nticyabaye
#   2005 Rayon Sports
#   2006 APR FC
#  2007 APR FC
#   2008 APR FC
#  2009 ATRACO FC

## AMASHAKIRO
Igikomere

Igikomere ni ukwangirika k'umubiri . Ni jambo rusange ryerekeza kubibi biterwa n'impanuka, kugwa, gukubita,kwangizwa n'intwaro, n'ibindi byinshi. Umuntu ufite igikomere yitwa inkomere . Inkomere ziva ku zoroheje kugeza zangije ubuzima. Gukomeretsa birashobora kubaho ku kazi cyangwa  mu mikino, mu nzu cyangwa hanze, gutwara imodoka, cyangwa kugenda mu muhanda.

## Ubwoko bw'igikomere

### 1. Igikomere giterwa no kurumwa n'inyamanswa
Ubusanzwe inyamaswa zo mu gasozi zitinya abantu.Ariko hari igihe zishobora kuruma umuntu bikaba byamuviramo igikomere , ni gake kurumwa n'inyamanswa byangiza ubuzima ariko iyo inyamanswa yariye umuntu yanduye hashobora kuboneka igikomere gikomeye gisaba ubuvuzi bwisumbuyeho. 

### 2. Ubushye

Ubushye ni ukwangirika k'uturemangingo tugize umubiri , ubushye buterwa n'ubushyuhe, imiti, amashanyarazi, urumuri rw'izuba, cyangwa imirasire.

Amashakiro
Seninga Innocent

Seninga Innocent ni rimwe mu m'azina azwi kandi akomeye mu batoza muri shampiyona y’icyiciro cya mbere mu Rwanda, byatunguye benshi ubwo yajyaga gutoza mu cyiciro cya kabiri, yagiye gutoza ikipe ya Sunrise Fc mu ntangiriro z’uyu mwaka 2022 w’imikino aho yari avuye mu ikipe ya Musanze FC, Etincelles Fc na Police FC.

## AMASHAKIRO
Ubushye

Ubushye  ni ukwangirika kw'inyama bituruka ku bushyuhe, guhura cyane nizuba cyangwa indi mirasire, imiti cyangwa amashanyarazi.  

## Amoko y'ubushye
Hari amoko atatu y'ubushye avugwa hagendeye ku madogere:
Habimana Sostene

Habimana Sostene ni umutoza mukuru w’ikipe y’igihugu y’abatarengeje imyaka 23, akaba anatoza ikipe y’Igihugu y’abagore mu mupira w’amaguru*.* akaba Umutoza w’ikipe y’Amagaju fc, uyu mugabo asanzwe ari n'umutoza wungirije Mashami Vincent mu ikipe y’igihugu nkuru, Amavubi Stars, akaba yaratoje amakipe nka Rayon Sports fc, Musanze Fc, SEC Academy na  Isonga.Fc, Ubu akaba ari umutozi w'ikipe y'igihugu ya bagore ndetse  agiye *gutoza ikipe ya [[AS Kigali|A.S Kigali]] Women Football Club ibitse ibikombe byinshi bya shampiyona y’abagore.*.

## AMASHAKIRO
Nonde Mohamed

Nonde Mohamed aherutse kugirwa umutoza wa AS Muhanga ikomeje kwitegura Shampiyona y’Icyiciro cya Kabiri, akaba yari watsindiye guhabwa akazi nk’umwe mu batoza b’Ishuri ry’Umupira w’Amaguru ry’Ikipe ya Paris Saint-Germain rizakorera i Huye, nyuma arasezera.

## AMASHAKIRO
Nduwimana Pablo

Nduwimana Pablo wabaye umukinnyi ukomeye akareka gukina umupira w'amaguru 2014 agahita aba umutoza w'Amagaju Fc, ubu ni umutoza wonjyerera ingufu mu ikipe ya Rayon Sports,

## AMASHAKIRO
Bizumuremyi Radjab

Bizumuremyi Radjab ni we wahawe Etincelles Fc nk’Umutoza Mukuru nyuma yokugenda akongera akayigarukamo.

## AMASHAKIRO
Lomami Marcel

Lomami Marcel yavutse 26 kamena 1985, yakiniye amakipe atandukanye mu Rwanda harimo nka A.S Kigali, Rayon Sports fc, S.C Kiyovu Sports, mu makipe yatoje harimo Rayon Sports fc,  akaba yarazamuye ikipe azikura mu kiciro cya kabiri nkaho mu mwaka wa 2019 yazamuye ikipe ya Gasogi United ndetse na Gorilla FC yagejeje mu kiciro cya mbere mu mwaka wa 2020.

## AMASHAKIRO
Niyibizi Sulyeman

Niyibizi Sulyeman ni umutoza mukuru w’iyi Kipe Amagaju FC ikina mu Cyiciro cya Kabiri akaba yaratoje kandi Miroplast Fc.

## AMASHAKIRO
Bizimana Abdu

Bizimana Abdu uzwi nka Bekeni wari umutoza wa Etincelles FC, akayibera umuyobozi mubya tekinike.

## AMASHAKIRO
Amag The Black

HAKIZIMANA Aman wamenyekanye mu muziki nyarwanda nka Amag The Black  ni umuhanzi nyarwanda wamamaye mu njyana ya Hip-Hop akanamenyekana cyane kandi mu ndirimbo zibasira abakobwa 

= amashakiro =
Safi Madiba

NIYIBIKORA Safi uzwi ku mazina ya Safi Madiba ni umuhanzi w'umunyarwanda wamenyekanye cyane ubwo yaririmbaga mu itsinda rya Urban Boys

= Amashakiro =
Banamwana Camarade

Banamwana Camarade watoza ikipe ya Bugesera FC wanatoje kandi Gicumbi Fc, Kiyovu Sports na Etoile de 'Est. 

## AMASHAKIRO
ATRACO FC

**ATRACO FC** yarikipe y'umupira w'amaguru ikomoka i Kigali mu Rwanda . Yatwaye shampiyona y'u Rwanda mu 2008.  Yarikipe y'ishyirahamwe ry'amasosiyete ashinzwe gutwara abantu n'ibintu, yari yarasezerewemu 2011.  Shampiyona ya 2009/10 ni yo ya nyuma ikipe yakinnye, yarangije ku mwanya wa kabiri. 

## Ibyubahiro

### Amarushanwa yo mu gihugu imbere

* **[[Shampiyona y’ icyiciro cya mbere mu mupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda|Shampiyona y'Urwanda]] : 1**

:: 2008

* **[[Rwandan Cup|Igikombe cy'u Rwanda]] : 1**

:: 2009

### Mpuzamahanga

* **Igikombe cya Kagame Interclub : 1**

:: 2009

## Imikinire mu marushanwa ya CAF

* **CAF Champions League : Yagaragayemo umukinnyi umwe**

:: 2009&nbsp;– Icyiciro cy'ibanze

* **Igikombe cya Confederation cya CAF : Yakinnye inshuro 2**

:: 2007&nbsp;– Icyiciro cya mbere cya 16
:: 2010&nbsp;– Icyiciro cy'ibanze

## Amareferensi
Mateso Jean de Dieu

Mateso Jean de Dieu wamenyekanye cyane mu kazi ko gutoza ubwo yegukanaga igikombe cy’Amahoro mu Rwanda ari kumwe A.S Kigali  muri 2019 atsinze S.C Kiyovu Sports, ubu akaba ari mu ikipe ya Mukura Victory Sport ibarizwa mu karere ka Huye.

## AMASHAKIRO
Lewis Vocal Band

Lewis Vocal Band Yatangiye mu 2014 itangiwe n’abasore batatu bishyize hamwe bashaka gukora umuziki wa acappella, nyuma itsinda rigenda ryaguka hiyongeramo n’abandi ndetse n’imikorere irahinduka, kugeza mu 2018 ubwo bavuga ko ari bwo basa n’aho ari bwo binjiye mu ruhando byeruye, Intego y’iri tsinda, nk’uko umuyobozi waryo yabitangaje, ni ukwamamaza ubutumwa bwiza hafi na kure, ndetse no kurushaho kuba ikitegererezo bigatuma n’abagiye bava ku Mana bahindukira bakayigarukira,rikaba ribarizwa mu itorero rya ADEPR, bafite indirimbo nka *Ndakwiringiye.*

## AMASHAKIRO
Etoile de l’Est FC

Etoile de l’Est FC ni ikipe yo mu Cyiciro cya Kabiri yifuza kuzamuka mu cyiciro cya mbere 2020/2021 mu marushanwa ategurwa n'ishyirahamwe ry'umupira w'amaguru mu Rwanda Ferwafa, ikaba ibarizwa mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba, mu Karere ka Ngoma.

## AMASHAKIRO
Mavenge Sudi

MAVENGE Sudi ni umunyarwanda uririmba indirimbo za karahanyuze, yamenyekanye cyane cyane mu ndirimbo yitwa Gakoni k'abakobwa, ku munini nízindi ziririmbwe mu buryo bwa Gakondo.

= Amashakiro =
Rucyahana John

Rucyahana John yavutse Ugushyingo 1945 ni umuyobozi mu idini wihaye Imana, yavukiye mu Karere ka Burera amashuri abanza ayigira ahitwa Kinoni, Ni umwe mu mfura z’ishuri ryisumbuye Inyemeramihigo mu Karere ka Rubavu, Nyuma y'amashuri yisumbuye yahungiye muri Uganda, yigayo ibijyanye na Tewolojiya, akomereza muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika aho yakuye Impamyabumenyi y’Icyiciro cya Gatatu cya Kaminuza muri Tewolojiya, Arangije kwiga yabaye pasiteri akora no muri Komisiyo y’Ivugabutumwa mu Itorero Angilicani aza no kuba Bishop muri Diyoseze ya Shyira, Yabaye umwarimu mu mashuri abanza ndetse n’ayisumbuye, Ni we washinze ‘Sunrise School’ mu Karere ka Musanze, akaba yaranaribereye umwarimu, Ubu ari mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru mu Itorero Angilicani.

## AMASHAKIRO
Ikigo nderabuzima cya remera

ikigo nderabuzima cya remera ni ivuriro rusange riherereye mu murenge wa Remera, Akarere ka Gasabo mu mujyi wa KIgali  

= Amashakiro =
Ikigo nderabuzima cya Gahanga

ikigo nderabuzima cya Gahanga ni ivuriro riherereye mu murenge wa Gahanga mu karere ka Kicukiro, mu mujyi wa Kigali  

= Amashakiro =
CECAFA

CECAFA ni ishyirahamwe ry'umupira w'amaguru muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba no Hagati, yatangiye gukora kuva 1927, igizwe n'ibihugu 12 aribyo:

# UBURUNDI
# DJIBOUTI
# ERITREA
# ETHIOPIA
# KENYA
# RWANDA
# SOMALIA
# SOUTH SUDAN
# SUDAN
# TANZANIA
# UGANDA
# ZANZIBAR

Ikaba ifite ibiro bikuru muri Kenya, ikipe ya Rayon Sports nimwe mu imaze gutwara igikombe cya CECAFA y’amakipe yabereye muri Zanzibari hamwe na ATRACO FC zahano mu Rwanda, ndetse amavubi yatwaye CECAFA muri 1999

## AMASHAKIRO
Itorero Angilicani

Itorero Angilicani  mu 1925 nibwo ryatangiye mu Rwanda,  i Gahini mu Karere ka Kayonza, rifite Diyoseze 11 ryashinzwe n’umusirikare w’Umumisiyone ukomoka mu Bwongereza witwa Geoffrey Holmes, wari uturutse i Kabare muri Uganda.

## AMASHAKIRO
Ikigo nderabuzima cya Bigogwe

Ikigo nderabuzima cya Bigogwe n' ivuriro riherereye mu murenge wa Bigogwe, Akarere ka Nyabihu  

= amashakiro =
Ikigo nderabuzima cya Gikondo

Ikigo nderabuzima cya Gikondo ni Ivuriro rusange riherereye mu murenge wa Gikondo, mu Karere ka Kicukiro  

= Amashakiro =
Ibicurane

Ibicurane ni indwara yandura, yibasira cyane imyanya y’ubuhumekero; mu mazuru no umuhogo no mu bihaha, iterwa na virus yitwa myxovirus influenza cyangwa influenzavirus, 

yandurira mu mwuka igihe uyirwaye yitsamuye, avuze, cyangwa mu matembabuzi nk’amacandwe. 

Virusi ya influenza bitewe n’igihe cy’umwaka igenda ihindagurika. 

= Ibimenyetso by'iyi ndwara  =

* Umuriro uri hejuru (akenshi urenga degree 39 cyangwa 40)
* Inkorora itazana igikororwa
* Kubabara umutwe
* Kokera mu muhogo
* Kumva umerewe nabi mu mubiri, no gucika intege 

= Uko ivurwa =

* Kuruhuka, Kuruhuka neza kandi bihagije bifasha ubudahangarwa bwawe kugira imbaraga zo kurwanya izi virusi zitera ibicurane
* Kunywa amazi n’ibindi bisukika byinshi (nk’icyayi, imitobe, igikoma, n’ibindi). Aha wibanda ku bintu bishyushye cyane mu rwego rwo kurwanya umwuma mu mubiri 
* Ushobora gufata imiti yoroshya ibimenyetso. Mu gihe wumva ufite umuriro cyangwa warwaye umutwe ushobora gukoresha paracetamol, ibuprofen cyangwa aspirin (ku bana bato n’abakiri urubyiruko ntibagomba gufata aspirin).
* Ushobora kandi no kwifashisha imiti irwanya ubwivumbure bw’umubiri imyinshi ikaba iba ari uruvange rw’imiti izimya umuriro hamwe n’iyivura ubwo bwivumbure. Ikunze kuboneka ni nka Coldcap, Doliprex, Febrilex, Dacold, Fervex, Paidoterin, Flucoldex hamwe n’indi inyuranye ikaba habaho iy’abakuru n’abato

= Amashakiro =
Igituntu

Igituntu ni indwara y’igikatu iterwa na bagiteri yitwa Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Iyi bagiteri yibasira ubusanzwe ibihaha, ariko na none ishobora gukwirakwira mu mubiri inyuze mu maraso no mu yandi matembabuzi, ikaba yakwangiza izindi ngingo nk’impyiko, urutirigongo cyangwa ubwonko. 

= amashakiro =
Mikonazole

**Mikonazole** ni umuti uvura indwara ziterwa na mikorobi zo mu bwoko bw’imiyege (champignons/fungi). Uyu muti uzwi no ku izina rya Daktarin.

Uyu muti uboneka mu buryo butandukanye harimo umuti w’ifu, uw’amavuta, uw’amazi, kimwe n’ibinini bishyirwa mu gitsina. gusa muri ayo moko yose uyu muti ubonekamo nta na bumwe bunyobwa/bunyuzwa mu kanwa

## Amashakiro
Ikigo nderabuzima cya Gisakura

Ikigo nderabuzima cya Gisakura ni ivuriro rihereye mu karere ka Nyamasheke rikaba ryarubatswe mu bufatanye níshyirahamwe “Femmes Development”  

= amashakiro =
Coartem

**Coartem** (soma: Kwaritemu )  ni umuti ukozwe nímiti ibiri ariyo Artemeteri (Artemether) na rimenfatirine (Lumefantrine).  kwaritemu ni izina ry'úruganda rwahawe uru rukomatane rwíyi miti ibiri. urwo ruganda rwitwa NOVARTIS ruherereye ku mugabane w'íburayi mu gihugu cy'Ubusuwisi.  

Uyu muti uboneka mu buryo bw'íbinini gusa bikaba bivura malariya kuva ku bana bapima ibiro 5 kugeza ku bakuru 

## Amashakiro