open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Imikoreshereze irambye yubutaka mu gufata ingamba zo guhangana n’ikirere no kurengera ibidukikije

Ikigo k'igihugu gishinzwe ubutaka mu Rwanda, kibinyujije mu ishami ry'imikoreshereze y'ubutaka gitanga serivice z'imikoreshereze y'ubutaka nizo gutunganya amakarita. izi serivisi zigamije ikoreshwa ry'ubutaka muburyo burambye iterambere ry'ubukungu n'imibereho myiza y'abaturage mu Rwanda. zimwe muri izo serivise iki kigo gitanga inyinshi zibera online.

## Iyandikisha ry'imikoreshereze y'ubutaka
Iyi serivise irebana n'iyandikwa ry'icyo ubutaka bwa genewe gukoreshwa. 

Iyi serivise kandi yifashishwa mu iyandikisha ry'ubutaka n'itangwa ry'ibyangombwa byabwo.

## Uruhushya rwo guhindura icyo ubutaka bwa genewe
Guhindura icyo ubutaka bwagenew gukoreshwa bigengwa n'iteka rya Minisitiri no 005/MoE/22 ryo kuwa 15/02/2022. 

Ikindi kandi kugugirango icyo ubutaka bwagenewe gukoreshwa gihindurwe hari ibintu bitatu (3) bigenderwaho.

1: Kubahiriza ibiteganywa ibitegenywa n'igishushanyo mbonera k'imikoreshereze n'imitunganyirize y'ubutaka cyaho ubwo butaka buherereye.

2: Nyirubutaka afite umushinga w'ishoramari rirambye cyangwa w'inyungu rusange usabako igishushanyo mbonera gihindurwa,   

3: Impinduka zishobora gukorwa n'ikigo k'igihugu cy'ubutaka mu Rwanda kugirango hubahirizwe igishushanyo mbonera cy'ubutaka cyangwa hakosorwe amakosa yagaragaye icy gihe, kandi ikigo k'Igihugu cy'ubutaka kiba kigomba kumenyesha ba nyirubutaka barebwa niyo mpinduka iba ibayeho.

Ikindi kandi mbere yuko hakorwa impinduka iyo ariyo yose kucyo ubutaka bwagenewe gukoreswa nyirubutaka agomba gushaka icyangombwa k'im,ikoreshereze y'ubutaka gitangwa n'ikigo ki Igihugu cy'ubutaka mu Rwanda. ibi kandi ntago biba bireba abaturage gusa cyangwa abafite amazu asanzwe ibi bireba inganda, amatorero, ndetse nabandi bafite ubutaka bunini butandukanye.  

## Ishakiro ry'inkuru
Amavu n’amavuko yIkigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe Ubutaka

## Amavu n’amavuko yIkigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe Ubutaka
Ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe Ubutaka, ni ikigo cya leta kibarizwa muri Minisiteri y’Ibidukikije, kikaba gifite inshingano zirimo gushyira mu bikorwa politiki z’ubutaka, igenamigambi ry’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka, kwandika ubutaka, guhuza ubutaka, gukemura amakimbirane ashingiye ku butaka n’ibindi.

Ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe Ubutaka cyashizweho n’Iteka rya Perezida No 030/01 ryo kuwa 06/05/2022. Nyuma y’amavugurura atandukanye iki kigo cyagiye gihindurirwa amazina kuva muri 2008 gishingwa aho cyitwaga Ikigo cy’ubutaka (NLC), muri 2011 cyitwa Ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe Umutungo Kamere (RNRA), muri 2017 gihindurirwa izina cyitwa Ikigo Gishinzwe Imicungire n’Imikoreshereze y’Ubutaka mu Rwanda (RLMUA), cyongera guhindurirwa izina ari naryo gifite kugeza ubu (NLA).

Mbere y’ishyirwaho ry’ikigo kimwe gishinzwe imicungire n’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka, inshingano zakorwaga n’inzego zitandukanye za leta zirimo Minisitri y’Umutungo Kamere, Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu, Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi hamwe na Minisiteri y’Ubutabera. Kuba izo nshingano zarakorwaga n’inzego zitandukanye, byatumaga habaho kudahuza ibikorwa no kutagira igenamigambi rihamye mu micungire y’ubutaka. Byatumaga kandi habaho amakimbirane menshi ashingiye ku butaka, kutagira umutekano ku butaka ndetse n’ibindi bibazo byinshi bishingiye ku micungire n’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka.

Mu rwego rwo gukemura imbogamizi zavuzwe haruguru, Leta y’u Rwanda yashyizeho Ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe Ubutaka nk’urwego rukurikirana imicungire n’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka. Ikigo cyahawe inshingano yo  gushyira mu bikorwa politiki, amategeko, ingamba n’amabwiriza by’Igihugu n’ibyemezo bya Leta byerekeranye no kwandikisha ubutaka, igenamigambi, imicungire n’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka ndetse no kugira inama Leta mu bijyanye n’ubutaka.

Kuva cyashingwa, cyakoze impinduka zigaragara zahinduye urwego rw’imicungire n’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka mu Rwanda. Bimwe mu by’ingenzi byagezweho harimo nk’ishyirwaho rya politi y’ubutaka mu Rwanda, rejisitiri y’ubutaka ikoze mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga, igenamigambi rihamye ry’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka bw’igihugu cyose hagamijwe imikoreshereze ihamye kandi inoze y’umutungo kamere w’ubutaka.

Ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe Ubutaka cyagize kandi uruhare rufatika mu gukemura amakimbirane ashingiye ku butaka binyuze mu guhuza no kumvikanisha abari bafitanye amakimbirane. Aha Ikigo kikaba cyarabashije guha ba nyir’ubutaka umutekano urambye ku butaka bwabo, kibasha no kuyakumira binyuze mu iyandikisha rusange ry’ubutaka.
IMICUNGIRE N’IMIKORESHEREZE Y’UBUTAKA

## Gutanga, guhabwa no gukodesha ubutaka
Haseguriwe ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 6 n‟iya 7 z‟iri tegeko, uburenganzira ku butaka butangwa na Leta biciye mu bukode burambye. Igihe cy‟ubukode burambye bw‟ubutaka ntigishobora kujya munsi y‟imyaka itatu (3) cyangwa ngo kirenze imyaka mirongo cyenda n‟icyenda (99), ariko gishobora kongerwa.  Uburyo bwo kubona no gukodesha ubutaka, imyaka nyakuri y‟ubukode burambye n‟uko bwongerwa bishyirwaho n‟Iteka rya Perezida. Gutanga no guhabwa ubutaka bugenewe ishoramari, bikorwa hashingiwe ku nyigo y‟umushinga yemejwe n‟urwego rubifitiye ububasha hashingiwe ku kamaro n‟agaciro by‟ishoramari. Gutanga ubutaka bwa Leta buri mu mutungo bwite wayo mu rwego rw‟ishoramari bikorwa biciye mu ipiganwa keretse byemejwe ukundi n‟Iteka rya Minisitiri w‟Intebe kandi ku butaka buzwi.
Kwandikisha ubutaka

## Kwandikisha ubutaka
Kwandikisha ubutaka ku muntu wese ubutunze ni itegeko. Iteka rya Minisitiri ufite ubutaka mu nshingano ze rigena uburyo iyandikisha ry‟ubutaka rikorwa, imihango ijyanye naryo n‟uburyo iteshagaciro ry‟iyandikisha ry‟ubutaka rikorwa[1]. 
----[1] Iteka rya minisitiri n° 002/2008 ryo ku wa 01/4/2008 rigena uburyo iyandikishwa ry‟ubutaka rikorwa.
Ihererekanya ry'uburenganzira kubutaka

Ihererekanya ry'uburenganzira kubutaka

Bitabangamiye ibiteganywa n‟iri tegeko byerekeranye n‟ubuso bw‟ubutaka butemerewe kugabanywamo ibice, uburenganzira ku butaka bushobora guhererekanywa biciye mu izungura, impano, umurage, umunani, ikodeshwa, igurishwa, iyatisha, ingurane, inshingano yo gutanga inzira ku butaka bw‟undi bukomoka ku miterere y‟ahantu, gutangwaho ingwate n‟ubundi buryo bwose bw‟ihererekanya hakurikijwe uburyo bugenwa n‟amategeko n‟amabwiriza. 

Haseguriwe ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 6, iya 7 n‟iya 8 z‟iri tegeko, umunyamahanga ahabwa ubukode burambye ku butaka bwaba ubwo yabonye buturutse ku muntu cyangwa kuri Leta. Ubwo bukode ntibushobora kurenza imyaka mirongo ine n‟icyenda (49), kandi butangwa hashingiwe ku mikoreshereze y‟ubutaka no ku iteganyamigambi ry‟ishoramari ryemejwe n‟inzego zibifitiye ububasha. Ubwo bukode bushobora kongerwa.  

Kwandika ubutaka, gutanga no kubika impapuro-mpamo zabwo, gucunga imikoreshereze yabwo, gutunganya ibipimo by‟ubutaka n‟amakarita yabwo bikorwa n‟urwego rw‟Igihugu rubifite mu nshingano.
Amategeko y'ubutaka mashya

## Amabwiriza y'ubutaka

Iteka rivugako nyir'ubutaka atagomba kwima inzira umuturanyi iganisha ku mutungo we utimukanwa cyangwa cyangwa se parcelle ye. Kutabuza amazi asanzwe atambera mu butaka bwe. ntagomba kwanga abandi bantu kubina amazi ava ku iriba ryabonetse ku butaka bwe. Nyirubutaka atanga atanga uruhushya rw'inzira niba abantu bakeneye inzira yo kugera kumazi mugihe nta bundi buryo. umuntu ushaka mugihe ashaka uburenganzira bw'ibice asaba mu nyandiko nyiru ubutaka. hamwe na kopi ku bubasha bw'akagari aho isambu iherereyemo.Ububasha bw'akagari bufata icyemezo bukamenyesha nyir'ubutaka. 

## Uburyo bw'imikoreshereze y'ubutaka
Iteka rikibiyemo uburenganzira ku nzego za Leta zo gukoresha ubutaka bwa Leta. kw'ishimira umusaruro wabwo, gukoresha umutungo wabwo, no gufatanya gucunga ubutaka bwa Leta. Irimo kandi inshingano z'inzengo za Leta zo gukoresha neza ubutaka kandi bagatanga raporo uko bikwiye. iriteka rya Leta ryongeye gushimangira ko Minisiteri ishinzwe ubutaka igomba gucunga neza imicungire y'ubutaka bwa Leta kandi ko ari urwego rubifitiye ububasha bwo guha inzego za Leta  uburenganzira bwo gukoresha ubutaka bwa Leta no kwemerera ihererekanya bubasha hagati yabo.

## Amashakiro
Kubungabunga ibidukikije n'uburenganzira bwa muntu

## Kubungabunga ibidukikinke

Minisiteri y'ibidukikije ku bufatanye n'ubuyobozi n'umuryango ushinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije,no kuzamura iterambere ry'ubuhinzi mu kubungabunga ibidukikije ndetse no kurwanya ubukene uhereye ku Muturage wo hasi (APEFA) baributsa abanyarwanda ko nk'uko imihindagurikire y'ibihe igera ku bantu bose no kuyirwanya bireba buri wese. 

## Ingamba

U Rwanda rwashyizeho politiki n'ingamba zigamije kubungabunga no kurwanya igabanuka ry'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima. Mu ntego z'icyerekezo 2025. Biteganyijwe ko u Rwanda ruzaba mu bihugu bifite iterambere ritabangamiye ibigukikije kandi ry'ihanganira imihindagurikire y'ibihe. U Rwanda ruherutse kandi gutangaza ingamba zivuguruye z'ibikorwa ryiyemeje mu rwego rwo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku kigero cya 38% mu myaka icumi iri imbere (Nationally Determined Contribution) ndetse rwanayitanze mu Muryango w'abibumbye rukaba aricyo gihugu cya mbere muri Afurika gitanze izi ngamba.

## Amashakiro
UMUBARE NYAKURI W’IMYAKA Y’UBUKODE BW’UBUTAKA

## . ITEKA RYA PEREZIDA N° 30/01 RYO KUWA 29/06/2007 RIGENA UMUBARE NYAKURI W’IMYAKA Y’UBUKODE BW’UBUTAKA
1° Igihe cy‟ubukode bw‟ubutaka kiri hagati y‟imyaka itatu (3) na mirongo icyenda n‟icyenda (99). 2° Umubare nyakuri w‟imyaka y‟ubukode ugenwa hakurikijwe icyo ubwo   butaka  bugenewe        gukoreshwa     n‟amatsinda y‟ubutaka nk‟uko biteganywa n‟ingingo ya 3 n‟iya 5 z‟iri Teka. 

### Ibyerekeye icyo ubutaka bugenewe gukoreshwa
Ubutaka buvugwa muri iri teka bugenewe gukoreshwa ibi bikurikira: 

1° guturwaho; 

2° inganda; 

3° ubukungu; 

4° ubucuruzi; 

5° ubuhinzi; 

6°ubworozi; 

7° amashyamba;

8° ubukerarugendo; 

9° Imibereho myiza n‟umuco;  10° ubumenyi n‟ubushakashatsi  11° ibikorwa biri ku butaka bukomye; 12° uburobyi. 

### Ibyerekeye imyaka nyakuri y’ubukode ku butaka bw’abantu ku giti cyabo
Umubare nyakuri w‟imyaka y‟ubukode bw‟ubutaka bw‟abantu ku giti cyabo ni imyaka mirongo cyenda n‟icyenda (99). Ingingo ya 7: Ibyerekeye imyaka nyakuri y‟ubukode ku butaka buri mu mutungo bwite wa Leta, uw‟Umujyi wa Kigali n‟Uw‟Akarere Imyaka nyakuri y‟ubukode ku butaka bwite bwa Leta, ubw‟Umujyi wa Kigali n‟Ubw‟Akarere igenwe mu buryo bukurikira: 1°

Imyaka mirongo ine n‟icyenda (49) ku butaka bugenewe ubuhinzi n‟ubworozi, ubugenewe ubukerarugendo cyangwa ubugenewe guterwaho amashyamba; 2° Imyaka mirongo itatu (30) ku butaka bwite bw‟Akarere bugenewe kubakwaho inganda,inyubako z‟ubukungu n‟ubucuruzi, iz‟imibereho myiza y‟abaturage cyangwa iz‟umuco n‟izubumenyi; 3°Imyaka makumyabili (20) ku butaka : 1. bwite bw‟Akarere bugenewe inyubako zo guturamo; 1. Private District Land designated for residential services; 2. bugenewe ibikorwa ahantu haherereye 4° Imyaka cumi n‟itanu (15) ku butaka buriho amazi akoreshwa mu burobyi bwatangiwe uruhushya ruteganywa mu ngingo ya 9 y‟Itegeko Ngenga rigena uburyo bwo kurengera no kubungabunga ibidukikije. Umuntu utunze ubutaka buvugwa mu gace ka 2° n‟aka 3° tw‟iyi ngingo ashobora guhabwa impapurompamo z‟ubutaka zibumwegurira burundu atagombye gutegereza ko igihe cy‟ubukode kirangira, iyo abisabye kandi akaba yujuje ibiteganywa n‟amategeko yerekeranye n‟iyandikisha ry‟ubutaka.
Urwego rushinzwe kugenzura no gukurikirana imikoreshereze y’ubutaka

Ubuyobozi bw‟Umurenge bugenzura kandi bugakurikirana niba ubutaka bukoreshwa neza kandi bukabyazwa umusaruro.  Buri mwaka, bitarenze itariki ya

31 Werurwe, Ubuyobozi bw‟Umurenge bukora raporo y‟igenzura n‟ikurikirana ry‟imikoreshereze y‟ubutaka bw‟abantu ku giti cyabo, ubutaka bwahawe abikorera na Leta cyangwa inzego zayo, ubutaka buri mu mutungo bwite wa Leta n‟ubw‟inzego zayo zifite ubuzimagatozi bukayishyikiriza ubuyobozi bw‟Akarere. Ubuyobozi bw‟Akarere, bumaze gusesengura izo raporo bwoherereza Minisitiri ufite ubutaka mu nshingano ze inyandiko ikubiyemo ibyo bwabonye hamwe n‟imyanzuro.  

Mu gihe hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko ubutaka bwagenewe ubuhinzi, ubworozi cyangwa amashyamba, bumaze imyaka itatu (3) ikurikirana butabyazwa umusaruro kandi nta mpamvu yumvikana yatanzwe, Minisitiri ufite ubutaka mu nshingano ze, afite ububasha bwo gufatira ubwo butaka mu gihe cy‟imyaka itatu (3).

Iyo nyir‟ubutaka atagaragaje ubushake n‟ubushobozi bwo kubukoresha icyo gihe gishobora kongerwa. 

Mu gihe bigaragaye ko ubutaka bwangirika cyangwa ko kudakoreshwa kwabwo ari intandaro y‟umutekano muke, Minisitiri ufite ubutaka mu nshingano ze, ashobora gufatira ubwo butaka atagombye gutegereza igihe giteganyijwe mu gika cya mbere cy‟iyi ngingo. Ifatira ry‟ubutaka rivugwa mu gika cya mbere cy‟ingingo ya 52 y‟iri tegeko rikorwa nyuma yo guha nyir‟ubutaka cyangwa undi ubukoresha integuza yanditse y‟iminsi mirongo ine n‟itanu (45) y‟akazi.  

#### Kwamburwa ubutaka

Ubutaka bwose buri mu byiciro bikurikira bushobora kwamburwa nyirabwo: 

1° ubutaka bwafatiriwe nk‟uko biteganijwe mu ngingo ya 52 y‟iri tegeko, bugasubizwa nyirabwo ariko akananirwa kubahiriza ibikubiye mu ngingo ya 56 y‟iri tegeko; 

2° ubutaka bwafatiriwe bukamara imyaka itarenze mirongo itatu (30), ariko nyirabwo ntasabe kubusubizwa;  3° ubutaka buri mu mbago z‟umujyi aho igishushanyo cy‟ikatwa ry‟ibibanza cyemejwe n‟inzego bireba ariko bukaba bumaze imyaka itatu (3) ikurikiranye budakoreshwa; 

4° ubutaka buri mu mbago z‟ahagenewe imiturire mu cyaro n‟ubw‟ahantu hemejwe n‟inzego zibishinzwe ko hagomba kugirwa rukuruzi y‟amajyambere bufite igishushanyo cy‟ikatwa ry‟ibibanza cyemejwe n‟inzego zibifitiye ububasha ariko bukaba bumaze imyaka itatu (3) ikurikiranye budakoreshwa; 

5° ubutaka bwambuwe abantu kubera ko batubahirije amasezerano y‟ubukode burambye nk‟uko biteganywa mu ngingo ya 44 y‟iri tegeko.
Umugeni w'ubuntu

## Umugeni

u **[[Rwanda]]** inkwano ni ngombwa, ariko iyo hari impamvu yemejwe­ n’imiryango yombi,  batanga umugeni w’ubuntu.

Icyakora babategeka guhaha, bakazazana inka igihe izabonekera.  Igihe itabonetse, ntibivamo impamvu yo gutandukana  kw’abashakanye kandi abana babyaye nti­bitwa nkuri (abatakowe). Habaga ndetse imiryango ishyingirana kandi itareshya.  Kera umugara­gu yashyingirwaga na Shebuja, ariko kuko umukobwa yagumiwe; shebuja yaramukizaga, akamwubakira, akamuha amatungo, kugira ngo azatunge umukobwa we neza. Haliho n’abakire  bashakaga kwa Shebuja.  lbyo nabyo ntibyabaga bilimo uburenganzira buhagije, kuko  uwo mugaragu yabaga aboshye, n’umukobwa agombye kubana n’umuntu  adashaka.

Ibyo byose mu Rwanda byariho. Ubukwe ntibuhubukirwa, ubukwe s’ubw’umuhungu  n’umukobwa  gusa, kuko  umugeni ataha mu murya­ngo.  Umuhungu ashakira kwungura umuryango nabe bose.  Byongera umubano, utanga amaboko mu miryango yombi ishyingiranye.

## Uwo batangira ubunu

Umugeni w’ubuntu: Iyo umuhungu yabaga ageze mu gihe cyo kuzana umugore, ariko ababyeyi be ari abakene badafite inkwano none­ho se w’umuhungu agahaguruka akagenderera se w’umukobwa aka­ mubwira ati ndagusaba umugeni ariko w’ubuntu,  kuko  nta  nka mfite, umwana  wanjye ni muto azayihakirwa, nanjye dufatanye ntahe, Iyo tuzabona mbere tuzayigukwera. Se w’umukobwa yaba umubyeyi  w’umugiraneza,  udashaka  gukomeza  umukobwa  we akemera ayo masezerano y’umusaba umugeni.

Gusaba umugeni byarimo ingingo ebyiri :

### '''Ingingo ya  mbere'''
Se w’umukobwa  yabaga amutumye umunani w’amasuka,  ngo agende ahahe inka aho azayibonera azayizane isa­ nge uwo munani w’amasuka.

## '''Ingingo  ya   kabili'''

N’ubuntu  butihekeje  undi munani,  bukagirwa isuka imwe yitwa MBOGO ikazana n’inzoga zisaba; iyo suka ikaba ivuga yuko aho bazabonera inka bazayitanga. lyo byamaraga kugenda bityo, uwasabwe  yarashyingirwaga,  bagasi­ga bizeye ayo masezerano basezeranye, kugeza igihe bazarangiliza. Biyemeza kuzatanga  inka igihe bazayibonera. Iyo bashyingiwe ku buntu, inkwano ishobora gutangwa aliko igihe ibonekeye.

## Amashakiro
Inkwano mu Rwanda

## bankwa iki

Mu **[[Rwanda]]**  hose  iyo  basabaga umugeni  bagombaga no kugira icyo baha umuryango utanze umugeni . Batangaga inkwano.   lyo  nkwano rero yabaga iyo kwerekana ko umugeni aturuka  mu muryango wamureze. Yali IShimwe rya Nyiri umukobwa, kubera ko yabaga yarareze neza umwana akaba agiye gushinga urwe rugo . nkwano siko hose yabonekaga. Habagaho umugeni batangiraga ubuntu inkwano yabuze .

## Uko bayitagaga

Iyo nyiri ugushaka umugeni yabaga yabengutse umukobwa, yasangaga Se  w’umukobwa,  yitwaje inzoga akamubwira  yabengutswe umukobwa we, none akaba ashaka kumusabira umuhungu we.  Nyiri umukobwa nawe yaba ashimye umuryango uje kumusaba umugeni akamubemerera, ariko akamusaba inkwano. Ubwo nyiri ugusaba umugeni yabaga yariteguye, inkwano ayifite bagahana igihe cyo kuzaza kumukwera.  **mu [[Rwanda]] hose, ntabwo yata­ngwaga ku buryo bumwe.** Hari uturere twakwaga inka, utundi tugakwa andi amatungo yo mu. rugo:  lnka, thene byose byaterwaga n’uko  umuntu· atunze uko  akarere  kabigennye . Inkwano yali inkâ imwe, ku babaga bayifite. Ku babaga batayifite, batangaga ihene eshanu, esheshatu cyangwa se umunani. ku byerekeye  amasuka hatangwaga isuka imwe, ajyanaga  nayo suka yitwaga iya CYOZI, cyangwa se bagatanga isuka umwe ku matungo hatangwaga intama imwe.

## Amashakiro
RUGEZI SWAMP

Igishanga cya Rugezi n' icyanya gikomye kikaba indiri y' urusobe rw' ibinyabuzima ndetse n' icumbi ry' inyamanswa nki; inyoni z' imisambi n' incencebere ndetse nizindi zinyuranye, kikaba gifitiye akamaro abagituriye n' igihugu muri rusange.

AHO GIHEREREYE

Urugezi ni igishanga giherereye mu karere ka burera mu majyaruguru y' u Rwanda , gikikijwe n' imirenge ya butaro, rwerere, rusarabuye, kivuye, ruhunde na gatebe yo mu karere ka burera ndetse nindi ibiri yo mu karere ka gucumbi ariyo miyove na nyankenke.[1]igishanga cy’Urugezi, kigeze kwangirika amashanyarazi arabura cyane, bityo Leta imaze kugisana arongera araboneka.*Mu Rwanda hari amoko atatu y’ibishanga: ibishanga bikomye, ibishanga bikoreshwa habanje gufata imigambi yo kubirengera, n’ibishanga byakoreshwa nta kibazo. Muri byo Kamiranzovu, Rugezi n’Akagera ntibyemerewe guhingwamo.*

*ICYO KIMARIYE ABATURAJYE NA LETA*

Urugezi nk' icyanya gikomye ni igicumbi cy' ubukerarugendo ndetse kikaba gicumbikiye inyini twavuga nk' imisambi nizindi, kandi nanone kikagira n' umugezi wa rugezi amazi yawo niyo atanga amashanyarazi ku rugomero rwa ntaruka ndetse akanisuka mu kiyaga cya Burera

Igishanga cya Rugezi, giherereye mu karere ka Burera, usanga gikungahaye ku rusobe rw’ibinyabuzima birimo ibyatsi bitohagiye, hakiberamo amoko y’inyoni yitwa inceberi zitaboneka ahandi ku Isi kandi zikunzwe n’abakerarugendo, gitanga kandi amazi menshi akoreshwa mu rugomero rwa Ntaruka akanatanga umugezi wa Mukungwa.Iki gishanga avuga ko ari umutungo kamere ufitiye igihugu akamaro, bityo abagituriye kuri ubu ntibakigihinga kuko kera wasangaga hanakorwamo ubuhinzi n’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro

Umuyobozi w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibidukikije yavuze ko igishanga cya Rugezi kiri mu bikomye, kandi nta wemerewe kugihingamo kuko rimwe abaturage bigeze kugihingamo bituma umuriro w’amashanyarazi uba muke mu gihe amazi y’iki gishanga ari yo atanga urugomero rwa Ntaruka.

Amashakiro
KOMITE Z' UBUTAKA

Komite z' ubutaka ni urwego rugenwa n' iteka rwa minisitiri mu Rwanga, rushinzwe gutanga amakuru yifashishwa mu gusuzuma no gukemura ibibazo  by' ubutaka buherereye aho komite y' ubutaka ikorera. 

## Aho komite z' ubutaka zikorera nuko zishyirwaho
Komite z' ubutaka zikorera ku nzego ebyiri zitandukanye kandi zigashyirwaho kuburyo bunyuranye; ku rwego rw' akagari komite y' ubutaka ishyirwaho n' inama njyanama y' umurenge iyo komite izakoreramo. ku rwego rw' umurenge komite y' ubutaka ishyirwaho n' inama njyanama y' akarere iyo komite izakorera, gafite ubuzima gatozi cyangwa umujyi wa Kigali.  

## Abagize komite z' ubutaka

Ku rwego rw' akagari no ku rwego rw' umurenge abagize komite z' ubutaka n' abantu batanu batanu, buri wese ushyirwa muri komite agomba kuba yujuje ibi bikurikira:

* kuba ari inyangamugayo
* kuba ari umunyarwanda
* kuba afite imyaka 21 y' amavuko no kuzamura 
* kuba atarigeze ahanishwa igifungo kingana cyangwa kirengeje amezi 6 kitahanaguwe n' imbabazi z' itegeko cyangwa ihanagurabusembwa
* kuba abarizwa mu kagari cyangwa mu murenge komiye y'ubutaka agiye kubera umwe mu bayigize ikoreramo
* kuba afite amakuru y' ubutaka buherereye mu kagari cyangwa mu murenge komite y' ubutaka agiye kubera umwe mu bayigize ikoreramo, arebana na ba nyirabwo, n' uburyo bwagiye bukoreshwa n' ibibazo byabugaragayemo.

## Inshingano n' imikore byakomite z' ubutaka

### Inshingano rusange za komite z' ubutaka
Komite z' ubutaka zishinzwe gutanga amakuru yifashishwa mu gusuzuma no gukemura ibibazo by' ubutaka no mu gufata ibyemezo birebana n' imicungire n' imikoreshereze y' ubutaka iyo zibisabwe n' umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa bireba.

### Ku rwego rw' akagari
Komite y' ubutaka ku rwego rw' akagari ishinzwe gutanga amakuru y' ubutaka ari mu byiciro bibiri.

# Komite y' ubutaka ku kagari itanga amakuru atagomba kwemezwa na komite y' ubutaka ku murenge keretse gusa iyo uwasabye ayo makuru atanyuzwe.  ayo makuru ni ayarebana n' abafite uburenganzira kubutaka mugihe cyo kubwandikisha bwa mbere, ubutaka butandikishijwe n' ubutaka bwakoreweho impinduka zitandikishijwe.
# Komite y' ubutaka ku kagari itanga amakuru agomba kwemezwana komite y' ubutaka ku rwego rw' umurenge arebana n' ibi bikurikira: Ubutaka bw' indeka n' ubw' inkungu, ubutaka bwa leta butandikishijwe, ubutaka bwa leta abantu ku giti cyabo biyandikishijeho, ubutaka bwa leta bwigaruriwe n' abantu ku giti cyabo, uburenganzira ku butaka bukomoka kubuzime, ubutaka budakoreshwa neza n' andi makuru arebana n' inicungire n' imikoreshereze y' ubutaka. 

### Ku rwego rw' umurenge
Komite y' ubutaka ku murenge ifite imshingano zo: gutanga raporo z' ibyemejwe na komite y' ubutaka ku kagari, gusuzuma dosiye z' abataranyuzwe n' amakuru yatanzwe na komite y' ubutaka y' akagari, gutanga amakuru yasabwe komite y' ubutaka y' akagari iyo abayigize bagaragaje ko bafite inyungu bwite muri dosiye bashyikirijwe no kwemezaamakuru yatanzwe na komite y' ubutaka ku rwego rw' akagari.

## Reba
Kurya ubunnyano

## Ise umubyara

Iyo se w’umwana ataramuterura, ntiyavuga izina ry’umwana ngo adapfa. Se w’umwana iyo amaze kumwita izina, uwo munsi yilinda gukora icyitwa intwaro cyose, nk’icumu, umuhoro, icyuma, ngo iyo abikozeho umwana ntasaza atarwanye, atishe n’umuntu.

Umwana w’uruhinja ugifite sekuru na nyirakuru, nyina w’umwana amara kuva ku kiliri akamujyana kwa sebukwe, akaba ali we ubanza kwita umwana izina.

## Adahari
Se w’umwana iyo atali aho, umuse ni we uterura umwana. Umugore amara kuva ku kiliri, abana bamaze gutaha, bukira akalyama, maze agahengera igihe cyo mu museke, akabyuka agasanga umuse, ati: Nzanye umwana ndagira ngo umuterure. Nuko umuse akenda umugore we, yarangiza akabyuka akajya hanze yavayo, agasanga bamushyiliye intebe mu irebe lylumulyango, akicura bakamuha umwana akamusimbiza, ati: “Kura ujye ejuru nkwise N… (nk’uko se w’umwana abigenza).

## Kwita Izina
Bumara kwira, abana bagataha bakajya iwabo. Umugore agasasa, noneho agataha ku buliri akararana n’umugabo we, aliko umwe akilinda undi. Igihe cyo mu museke, umugabo akabwira umugore we ngo ngaho duterure umwana (acte conjugal). Barangiza umugabo agasohoka akajya hanze, yava hanze, agasanga umugore yamushyiliye intebe mu irebe ly’umulyango. Iyo umugabo ateruye umwana atavuye hanze, ngo biba ali ukumuvutsa, akazaba imbwa, akazapfa atagize icyo yimalira. Nuko umugabo akaza akicara ku ntebe, ati: “Mpa uwo mwana yewe wa mugore we”. Umugore akamuhereza umwana. Se w’umwana akamusimbiza, ati: **“Kura ujye ejuru, nkwise N…** “. Umugore iyo ashatse na we yita umwana izina. Ajya kumwita izina, ati: **Nnya aha, nyara aha, nkwise N…**; akongera ati: **nnya aha, nyara aha, nkwise N**…. Izina lihama na none ni ilyo umwana yiswe na se.

## Amashakiro
UBURYO BWO GUTERA IBITI NO GUFATA NEZA AMASHYAMBA

Ku mihanda inyura mu mirima y’abaturage haterwa ibiti bitonona imyaka, intera hagati y’igiti n’ikindi ni m 2,5 cyangwa m 3. Ibiti bya Cedrela serrulata, umufu, umuyove, umushwati, acrocarpus fraxinifolius bikunda ubutaka burebure kandi bufite imvura ihagije.

Hari ibiti byihanganira izuba nk’imisave, umuhumuro, grevillea, cassia siamea, cassia spectabilis,

Ku mihanda ifite inkengero zigizwe n’ubutaka bubi butaberanye n’ubuhinzi, haterwa Jacaranda turipied du Gabon (spathadea campanulata), inturusu, Cypres, Callitris, Filao, Cassia spectabilis Pinus, Acacia melanoxylon. Intera hagati y’igiti n’ikindi ni m 2.5 kugeza kuri m 3. Ku misozi 

ihanamye haterwa ibiti bikurikira: Inturusu, Cypres, Pinus, Callitris, Filao, Acacia meranoxylon Acacia mearnsii Ibiti biterwa imbusane

Ku miringoti haterwa ibiti bitonona imyaka, n’iby’imbuto ziribwa, intera ijya hagati y’ibiti bibiri ni m 7. Hagati y’ibiti binini haterwa uduti duto ndumburabutaka nka Calliandra, Lesena, Imiruku, Iminyegenyege cyangwa ibiti byera imbuto ziribwa nk’amacunga, ibinyomoro, amapapaye n’ibindi.

Ibiti bitonona imyaka bigomba no guterwa hagati mu mirima ihingwa, intera hagati y’igiti n’ikindi ni m 25 cyangwa m 30. Mu nzuri haterwa ibiti binini mu ntera iri hagati ya m 25 na m 30, cyangwa ku ntera nto ya m 1 ku buryo bwa padock (Imisave, Umuhumuro, Grevilleas, Cassia siamea, Cassia spectabilis, Maesopsis Eminii, Imiyenzi, Iminyinya, Imifatangwe hashobora no guterwa ibiti bito bigaburirwa amatungo nka Lesena, Calliandra)

### GUFATA NEZA AMASHYAMBA
. Gutemera Bisobanura kugabanya ibyatsi ku mpande z’ibiti iyo bimaze kuva ku mezi atatu kugeza kuri atandatu bitewe. Gutemera bituma ibyatsi bitabangamira imikurire myiza y’ibiti, inyamaswa zitonona ibiti kandi bikagabanya impanuka z’inkongi z’imiriro

AKAMARO K’IBITI BIVANGWA N’IMYAKA

Ibiti bivangwa n’imyaka biterwa mu butaka bwagenewe ubuhinzi n’ubworozi. Ibiti bivangwa n’imyaka byongera imyunyungugu mu butaka, bifata ubutaka, birwanya isuri, bigaburirwa amatungo agakura neza, bitanga ibicanwa, bitanga ifumbire, amafaranga ndetse binakurura imvura, bitanga imihembezo, bitanga igicucu cyo kugamamo izuba. Muri rusange ibi biti bitanga umwuka mwiza duhumeka ndetse binakurura imvura.

AKAMARO K’AMASHYAMBA N’IBITI MURI RUSANGE

Amashyamba abumbatira urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ndetse n’ibimera muri rusange. Amashyamba afite umumaro mu guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe no guhangana n’amapfa nko mu gihe cy’izuba cyangwa imvura nyishi. Ibiti muri rusange biyungurua umwuka duhumeka, bikurura imvura, bitanga imbaho dukoresha, bitanga ibicanwa, birwanya isuri, indabo zabyo zongera umusaruro w’ubuki. 

ishakiro
Umusaruro w'icyayi mu Rwanda

**Umusaruro w'icyayi mu [[Rwanda]]** ukomoka mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, igihe abamisiyonari b'Abadage binjizaga muri iki gihugu igihingwa by'icyayi . Kuva icyo gihe, uruganda rw’icyayi mu Rwanda rwateye imbere, ruhindura  igihugu giteye imbere mu gutanga icyayi muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba. Muri iki gihe, imirima y’icyayi ikwirakwiriye mu gihugu, aho uturere two mu burengerazuba bwa Rutsiro, Nyamasheke, na Nyabihu ari two duhinga icyayi cya mbere.  

## Ikirere n'ubutaka

Igihingwa cy'icyayi mu Rwanda kigira umumaro mu buryo bwinshi harimo ubutumburuke,ubutaka bw'ibirunga,ndetse n'ubushyuhe bw'ikirere.Ubujyejuru bw'igihugu mu ngero za metero 1000 kugeza 4500 bitanga uburyo bwo guhinga icyayi hagati ya metero1800 an 2800.

Ubutaka bw'ibirunga bukungahaye ku ntungamubiri butanga uburyohe butandukanye bwicyayi cyu Rwanda, butandukanya icyayi ahandi. 

## Ubwoko
Mu gihugu  ahambere  Hakora cyane icyayi muri Rutsiro, ikozwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa orotodogisi burimo gusoroma, kusekura, no kumisha amababi y'icyayi. Iyo nzira yo gutunganya icyayi ni igisubizo cy'uburyohe n'intungamubiri by'icyayi kuburyo gikungahaye kandi ari igikombe cyuzuye.

Icyayi cy'umukara ni ubwoko butandukanye cyane, icyakora igihugu nacyo gitanga icyayi kibisi buri kimwe gifite uburyohe butandukanye. 

## Kuramba hamwe n'ingaruka z'imibereho

Rumwe mu nganda ruzwi ku izina rya Rwanda Mountain Tea LTD yagize uruhare mu guteza imbere ibikorwa birambye by’ingaruka z’imibereho y'abana ,binyuze mu bigo byita ku bana kuri buri miryango yose ikora mu buhinzi bw’icyayi . n'ibikorwa nka Rainforest Alliance hamwe n'ubucuruzi bwiza (Fairtrade) impamya bushobozi gutunganya icyayi mu Rwanda ,bishyira imbere uburyo bwo guhinga ,no kwita ku bidukikije, ndetse no kubungabunga urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima no gucunga ubutaka. ubu buryo butuma umusaruro w'icyayi wa burigihe  uramba mugihe ufasha abaturage baho neza bakagira amahirwe y'ubuvuzi no kwiga.  

## Kumenyekana kwisi yose

Icyayi cy'u Rwanda cyamenyekanye ku rwego mpuzamahanga kubera ubwiza bwihariye n'ibikigize. Icyayi cyamamaye mu marushanwa akomeye y’icyayi, bikurura abantu bamenyereye n'abaguzi ku isi. Isoko ry'icyayi cy'u Rwanda rikomeje kwiyongera uko ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bigera mu bihugu byinshi birimo Amerika, Ubwongereza, Ubudage, Pakisitani, n'Ubuyapani. 

## Reba
Icyanya cy' inganda cya Bugesera

Mu Rwanda hakurikijwe igishushanyombonera hagenwe imikoreshereze y' ubutaka, aho buri gikorwa cyagenewe aho kigenewe gukorerwa, hagenwe site zo gutura, ubutaka bwahariwe amashyamba, ibyanya bikomye n' ibyanya by' inganda nk'  icyanya cy' inganda cya Bugesera (Bugesera special economic zone) gihereye mu karere ka Bugesera, Gashora ku musozi wa Gako.   

## Icyanyacy' inganda cya Bugesera

Icyanya cy' inganda cya Bugesera ni icyanya giteganywa n' igishushanyombonera cy' imikoreshereze y' ubutaka mu Rwanda kikaba giherereye mu karere ka Bugesera, gifite ubuso bwa hegitari 330 bukaba ubuso buzubakwaho inganda kubufatanye bwa letay'u Rwanda na Arise Integrated Industrial Platforms (Arise IIP), icyi cyanya cyashowemo miliyoni 100 z' amadorari y' abanyamerika aho leta y' uRwanda yashoyemo 40% naho Arise IIP igashoramo 60%, kugeza ubu imirimo y' ubwubatsi irarimbanyije.  

## Ibizahahorerwa
Muri icyi cyanya harimo kubakwa ibikorwaremezo bitandukanye harimo n' inyubako zizakoreramo inganda zinyuranye aha twavuga:

* Inganda zizatunganya imbaho
* Inganda zizakora ibikoresho by' ubwubatsi
* Inganda zizakora ibikoresho byo gupakiramo
* Inganda zizatunga ibiribwa 

## Reba
Ubuhinzi bubungabunga ubutaka

Ubuhinzi bubungabunga ubutaka ni uburyo bugezwe bwo guhinga utangije imiterere kamere y' ubutaka n' ibinyabuzima buri mu butaka, ububuryo ntibumenyerewe mu Rwanda ariko kugeza ubu bwatangiye gukoreshwa hamwe na hamwe.   

## Ibyiza by' ubuhinzi bubungabunga ubutaka

ubuhinzi bubungabunga ubutaka ni uburyo bwo guhinga bugezweho butangiza ubutaka n' ibidukikije muri rusange, burwanya isuri, burinda utunyabuzima duto two mu butaka, bubika ubuhehere bw, ubutaka (inshutizabahinzi), burahendutse, butanga umusaruro wisumbuye, bubika intungagihingwa.   

## Reba
Ibyanya bikomye mu Rwanda

Ibyanya bikomye mu Rwanda kimwe nahandi ku isi ni indiri y' urusobe rw' ininyabuzima muri rusange ariko by' umwihariko ibinyabuzima bisigaye hake ku isi. 

## Ibyanya bikomye ku rwego rw' isi
Mu Rwanda hari ibyanya bikomye byamaze kwemerwa ku rwego rw' isi aha twavuga; pariki y' ibirunga na pariki ya Gishwati_Mukura, aya ma pariki niyo yemejwe ku rwego rw' isi nk' indiri y' urusobe rw' ibinyabuzima bisigaye hake bityo byemezwa nk' ibyanya bikomye.

Ishyamba rya Gishwati_Mukura mu mwaka 2020 ryashyizwe ku rutonde rw' ibyanya kimeza byo kubungabunga urusobe rw' ibinyabuzima (*<span lang="en" dir="ltr">World Network of Biosphere Reserves</span>*) rukorwa n' umuryango mpuzamahanga ryita ku burezi n' umuco (***UNESCO***). iri shyamba riherereye mu ntara y' uburengerazuba mu turere twa Rubavu, Rutsiro, Ngororero na Nyabihu. 

## Ibyanya bikomwe ku rwego rw' igihugu

Turetse ibyanya bikomye byashyizwe ku rutonde rw' isi mu Rwanda hari ibindi byanya bikomye kandi bibungabunzwe, kuko byagaragaye ko ari indiri y' urusobe rw' ibinyabuzima bisigaye hake ku isi. aha twavuga nka Nyandungu Eco park, Umusambi village n' Igishanga cya rugezi. muri ibi byanya haherereyemo ibinyabuzima nk' inyamanswa, inyoni n' inimera. 

## Pariki zo mu Rwanda

Mu Rwanda hari ibyanya biri ku rwego rwa pariki bibumbatiye ibinyabuzima ndetse biri ku isonga mu gukurura abakerarugendo no kwinjiza amadovize.

* Pariki y' akagera
* Pariki y' ibirunga
* Pariki ya nyungwe 
## Reba
Umuco w'abanyarwanda

## Umuco mu Rwanda

Umuco mu Rwanda ugenda ari uruhererekane, kuva ku basekuruza b’abarenge n’abanganda, ugata ku basangwabutaka n’ibimanuka, ugasanga Gihanga cyahanze inka n’ingoma, ugahita mu rwa Gasabo, maze bene Kanyarwanda b’inyabutatu bagahata iyo nzira ibirenge. Kandi bizakomeza gutyo kugeza ku munsi w’imperuka! Umuco si tereriyo ngo ‘ni ha handi ntacyo byari bimariye’ cyangwa ngo ‘ibyiza n’ibyo dukura ahandi’ kuko ibyacu byari gipagani. Ahubwo umuco ni mwiza mu bantu, haba muri buri gihugu, haba muri buri karere, muri buri bwoko n’umuryango: umuco ni muzi wa merano!! Umuco rero ukwiriye kwogezwa. Umuco ugaragarira cyane cyane mu mitekerereze no mu myifatire yihariye iranga abanyarwanda.

## Ibindi

Umuco uzasanga ko ugenda uhinduka uko ibihe bihaye ibindi, bitewe n’ibigezweho bisimbura ibishaje, bimwe bizwi neza ko agaharaye gahabwa agahari, kaharurukwa kagahabwa agahini da! Ariko umuco uvugwa si ugusambira ibyo hirya no hino, ngo ibyo ubonye byose ubiyongobeze utabanje ‘gushungura’, ukeka ko wasakiwe. Ntabwo umuco ari ugupfa kuyora ibyo ubonye wigana ibyo ahandi, bwa bundi ‘urwiganwa rwa mushushwe  rwamaze abana b’imbeba mu rubariro’ kandi ngo n’ingendo y’undi iravuna.  Ahubwo umuco uboneye kandi ushimwa ni uwo kwimenya: ntiwisumbukuruze cyangwa ngo wibonabone, wiyobagize, wiryagagure, wimocamoce. Umuco mu bantu ni ukumenya uko uri n’aho uri, ukiyubaha ndetse ukubaha n’abandi. Umuco ni nk’agati gakubiranye, bene wo bawukwirakwiza aho bari hose, bakishimira uko bameze, bakivuga ibigwi bimwe by’usingiza intwari ahera ku z’iwabo. Ariko byarimbanya, indakuzi ikabuza umugabo kwivuga kandi icyenewabo kikagaruza imfizi urushyi.  None se tubivuge ngw’iki? Ko hariho umuco-nyarwanda w’umwimerere.

## Amashakiro
Inganji karinga

## Ingoma

Ingoma y’Ingabe, ni ukuvuga Ingorna yerekana Ubwami bw’Igihugu. Ingabe zacu ni enye : Ingabe ihatse u Rwanda, ikagaragaza Umwami yonyine, ni Karinga. Ingabekazi yayo, ni Cyim’umugizi. Ilyo Cyim’umugizi, ni ukuvuga ko « Igihugu cyima Umwami ukigira, akakirema, akakibamo Nyamugira-ubutangwa . Mbere ya Karinga, Ingabe y’u Rwanda yitwaga RWOGA, yaremwe na Gihanga, inyagwa n’Abanyabungo, igihe Umwami  Ndahiro II Cyamatare aguye i Rubi rw’i Nyundo.

## Ibindi

iriya mu Bugamba (Provinsi ya Cyingogo). Aho umuhungu we Ndoli ahungukiye, ava i Karagwe, yimye afite ingoma yitwa NANGAMADUMBU. Aho amariye gutsinda abamurwanizaga, yimika Karinga. Iyo ya Nangamadumbu ayiha Abiru bo kwa Gitandura, ayibashurnbusha byo kubashimira ko Gitandura yali yaracikanye Cyim’umugizi, igihe bicikiye i Rubi rw’i Nyundo; Cyim’umugizi igaruka i Bwami ityo, aba ariyo ngoma ya Gihanga igumana na Karinga, uko yahoranye na Rwoga.

Ingabe zindi dufite, ni Mpatsi ibihugu  na Kiragutse. Iri ni ukuvuga ko igihugu cyabaye kigaIi, cyagutse. Zo zaremwe na Kigeli IV RwabugiIi, ejobundi, aziremana n’indi yitwaga Icy’umwe, yahiliye ku Rucuncu, mu ipfa lya Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa. Bavuga ko na Butare yali ingabe; yali ingoma yimitswe na Kigeli IV Rwabugili na yo, bayitakaho amasaro umubili wose: na yo yahiliye ku Rucuncu.

## Amashakiro
Umuco karande

## Umuco

Umuco-karande ni uwa ba sogokuru na sogokuruza, ukagenda uhererekanywa, ku buryo benshi bamenyeraho ko “Sogokuru Sanango yapfuye apfuna ivu” binyuze mu nzira ya cya gisakuzo. Umuco-karande ukubiye mu magambo no mu bikorwa, ukarangwa n’imigenzo, imiziro n’imiziririzo. Kabone n’ubwo ‘Kiliziya yakuye Kirazira’, ntibibuza ko habaho imigenzo n’imiziririzo yihariye mu banyarwanda, bigaragarira mu buryo bw’imyifatire mu bantu, mu mibanire yabo n’inyamaswa hamwe n’ibidukikije. Uwo muco-karande ni ukuwukomeza no kuwukomeraho. Icyo tugiye kuvuga ahangaha ni imigenzo ya buri rwego rw’ubuzima n’inzira y’imiziririzo.

### '''Mu rwego rw’ubuzima'''
Mu buzima bw’umuntu, habamo inzego eshatu mu banyarwanda: urwego rw’abana, urwego rw’abagabo n’abagore n’urwo abasaza n’abakecuru.

### '''Urwego rw’abana'''
Abana bavugwa aha ngaha ni uguhera ku ncuke ukageza ku rubyiruko rw’ingimbi n’inkumi.  Ubusanzwe utarashinga urwe aba abarirwa mu rwego rw’abana.  Kumuha inzoga ni ukumufatira umuheha, mu gisingizo akaba ‘Rwivuruguta mw’ivu rwa mvuye mu bagabo, kuko umugabo utagira urugo ntarwanira icyicaro.

Umwana akura atoba akondo, yegera hejuru akiga imilimo ijyanye n’igitsina cye: abakobwa bagakurikiza ba nyina, abahungu bakigana ba se bakareka kwizingira ku mahururu ya ba nyina. Gutyo abakobwa bakiga guca imyeyo no gukubura.

## Amashakiro
Amahamba y’abungeri b’Ingurube

## Iryoheshabirayi
Inzovu y’urwijiji rukabije ubujorojoro

     Iya rujegeza-bijumba rwa semitabo,

     Noneho amavubi arayarika mu bikobokobo,

     Kira nyumba ya rukara rwa Majoro!

     Rujugitira-bijumba rwa njunditse ibika,

     Imvubu y’icyagane ya ruhungabanya-bitebo,

     Isigaye itengerana umuraru wose ugatigita

     Ikaba iya Rutare rwa SOMUKI i Rutongo!

     Kivurivuri cya ruvungura-byavu,

     Imbona-bake ya ruhingitirana-mubiri,

     Ni ikitayega zishokanye umunihiro,

     Ikaba iya Rukara rwa MINETE!

     Ruhiniriza-kibero rwa sendahiriye,

     Karisimbi k’amatungo ka ruhonjokerana,

     Iyo basigaye bitiranya na ruva-kwaya,

     Ikaba iya Rutare rwa Muganga.

     Umuduga uhetse umubyibuho wa ruzimiza-mbavu,

     Imponjoke yagurirwa amarembo ya ruhimbaza-barebyi

     Isigaye ikinana ibicece mu icongori ry’ibifungo:

     Ikaba iya rukara rwa Kurimpuzu, nzayibaga!

     Gihirihiri cya ruhingika-bondo,

     Inyumba irangwa n’umubyibuho ya ruvonyeza-bijumba,

     Isigaye ibunda mu byambu ikabigomera:

     Iba mu ngoro mu Rukari, aho zogerezwa isahani!

     Gihiringitirane cyashiriyemo umurizo,

     Mavuta-mingi ya rutenga-bondo,

     Iyashinganywe n’abategeka-birori ba Leta,

     Ifungiye i Rwinkwavu kwa Sovanye

     Rubyagira-nzira rwa ndanze guhigama,

     Intamati yamazwe ubwoya no kuneta ya rubyimbabyimba,

     Iyo bakekaga umwingo ikarushya abasuzumyi,

     Izigamwe na Misiyoni iruhande rw’ifumbira!

     Yemwe ga bana baragiye mu bishanga,

     Mureke zirenze imijumbajumba n’isayo,

     Nizihaga zihundagarire mu bizenga:

     Zidashongesha amavuta yo gukaranga ibirayi.

     Kamena niboneka ntibahute kuzamburira,

     Ahanini muri hoteri harazishaka;

     Zirahaka amanoti n’ibikoroti mu mabondo,

     Nicyo abasirimu bazikundira murakenge!

     Kuyavuga si ko kuyarangiza inyuma:

     Uwarata intendeza-matwi yakesha amajoro!

     Za runihira zishoka nk’imvura y’umuhindo

     Impini igaturika zikwira ibishanga.

     Nimugwire Bikoko by’imva-burayi

     Nimutungwe isanzure ntimukinenwa!

     Nimutebanwe akamaro n’ibinyamahembe

     Mubyirukane n’amajyambere y’u Rwanda.

## Amashakiro
Uburanga bw'umuco

## Uburanga

Umuco w’i Rwanda urangwa ahanini ni ibi bikurikira: ururimi ruvugwa [Ikinyarwanda], ubumenyi n’ubuhanzi, imirimo n’ibikoresho, ubugeni n’ubukorikori, imyambaro, ibinyobwa n’ibiribwa, ibirori n’ubukwe, ibitaramo n’ibiganiro, imibanire n’abandi, imigenzo, imiziro n’imiziririzo, iyobokamana, uburere n’ubutegetsi. Koko rero, umuco ni ipfundo ry’ubumwe bw’abanyarwanda.

## Mu buryo bw’urulimi

Umunyarwanda w’ukuri arangwa no kuvuga ururimi rwe rwa kavukire rw’ikinyarwanda, yaba aganira n’abandi, yaba yivugisha cyangwa yivuga ibigwi n’imyato. Anyurwa no kuruvugana n’abe, abo azi n’ab’ahandi, ha handi hirya y’aho u Rwanda ruterwa inkingi. Anyurwa no kurwigisha abana be, akazabasigira uwo murage mwiza. Ikinyarwanda gikoreshwa hose n’igihe cyose ari ngombwa.

Mu mivugire, hariho abazi gusongora amagambo, hari abamenya gusiga no kuzimiza, hari abazi gushyoma hakaba n’abashyomoka. Hari abagira akarimi karegetse, hakaba n’ababunza amagambo. Habaho abavuga uburimi, hakaba n’abadedemanga. Habaho n’ibiragi.

## Mu buryo bw’imirimo n’ubukorikori
Umunyarwanda utari inyanda arangwa n’imirimo y’amaboko: nko guhinga, kubaka, gutaka imitako (e.g. gusenga ibibindi), kuragira amatungo, kwenga ibitoki no gushigisha, kuvoma amazi no kwikorera inzoga, hamwe n’ubugeni n’ubukorikori.

Abantu bashobora guhinga batera urusamo, bashobora guhinga ubudehe, habaho no kugaza umugenda. Iyo baturukije imbuto, ubwo igihe cy’ihinga kiba gikubirije. Bashobora kubaka urugo baherezanya, bakoresha inturubiko. Bashobora kubaka inzu bayiturutse imbere n’inyuma, bitari “Nshinze umwe ndasakara”. Habaho na ba “nshingarutemba.

## Amashakiro
Sakwe Sakwe

## Ibisakuzo

Umwe ati: Sakwe sakwe! Undi ati: Soma! 

Uwa mbere ati: (bimwe mu bisakuzo)

Kashira amanga karakanyagwa! [Akobo kavuna imbyeyi. Agacumu kica inkurikirane]

Iri waribona he! [Ubukumi bwa so na nyoko. Umurara w’uburo]

Mugongo mugari umpekera abana! [Urutara]

Nkuruye urusuri ishyamba rirahubangana! [Umusore wishwe n’inzara]

Nagutera urujeje uruhungira-jana warumenya nkaguhemba [Inyenyeri kw ijuru]

Karakurizaga karakurutaga wa duli we? [Akanyarirajisho]

Gatinze kazaza!

## Amashakiro
Ishabure

## Imyambaro

Mu bihe bya none, imyambaro y’abanyarwanda itandukanye cyane n’iya ba sogokuruza. Kandi ni mu gihe, kuko ibihe bihora biha ibindi, bigasimburana iteka. Mu gihe hambere abakobwa bambaraga ishabure, ubu ngubu ni ijipo, ikanzu, ipantaro n’ikabutura. Hariho n’umudeli w’udutambaro two mu mutwe twitwa “bisi iransize” ndetse n’amakanzu cyangwa utujipo bya “kebukamuhungu” bimwe bigaragaza ibyano n’amaribori. Rero ngo ni ‘duruwa’. Ni agahomamunwa.

## Ibindi

Mu gihe abagore bambaraga inkanda, ab’ubu biyambarira udukanzu twa “rohonsa”, utujipo twa “pilise”, ndetse n’amapantalo nta kibazo. Mu gihe umugore yategeraga umugabo urugore, uwa none yitegera agatambaro ndetse n’ingofero rugeretse. Harahagazwe.

## Amashakiro
Akamaro k'umuco

## Akamaro

Umuco witwa **imboneragihugu**. Umuco ni wo uranga abantu ndetse ukababumbatira. Umuco ni yo ndorerwamo y’igihugu cyangwa y’akarere, abahatuye bakireberamo, bakamenya uko basa. Ndetse n’abandi bakabareberamo, bakabamenya uko babaho, icyo bakunda kurya no kunywa, uko bitwara mu mvugo no mu ngiro, bakaboneraho kubegera, kubana na bo cyangwa se kubitarura: wajya i Burya-sazi ukazimira bunguri, utajya ibwami ukabeshywa menshi, waba utazi umurera umukamureresaho ‘amasiha’, kandi ntujye mu bajiji utari umujiji .

## Ibindi
Umuco mu Rwanda, ari wo wa ba sogokuruza, utuma abatuye igihugu n’abari hanze yacyo bakomeza kwitwa abanyarwanda aho bari hose. Nasanze umuco ubumbatira imilyango: umugabo, umugore, abana n’abo bafitanye isano bose, bakagirana ubumwe bunuka, bituma iyo usanze abavandimwe bavumbitse akarenge ukuramo akawe inzira zikigendwa, maze wiha kwizubaza cyangwa kuzarira, akawe kagatokombera.

Umuco ubumbatira umurenge n’akarere, ahantu aho ari ho hose, hakabumbatira abantu bahakomoka cyangwa bahatuye. Bakagira ibyo bahuriyeho bibaranga, wahagera uru umuva-ntara ukabanza gusiganuza, washaka kumenya akari i Murore cyangwa kubaza impigi n’icyiyihatse, bakakubwira ko ‘i Rukara hirirwa ntihararwa’, naho ‘i Ruhande rwa Mpandahande hakaba mw’itetero ry’intiti’.

## Amashakiro
Umusozi wa Nyabihu

Nyabihu nakarere gaherereye mu gihugu cy' u Rwanda, mu ntara y'uburengerazuba. Gakunda kurangwa nubukonje cyane hakaba hera ibirayi, icyayi n'ibindi biribwa bigiye bitandukanye. Kimwe mubitera ubukonje muri Nyabihu n'imisozi igize ako karere.
Impuzu

## Impuzu DESIGN

Abasore bacyera bambaraga impuzu, aba none bari muri mugondo, amapantalo manini yitwa ‘kaguru k’inzovu’, bakitwara “burasita”, mbese ntuzabashakire hafi, benshi biyambarira ibishwangi (ibishwambagara) ngo ni yo mudeli igezweho! Ni akumiro nk’aka wa musaza wo mu ruhira uvugwa mu gisakuzo.

## Ubu

Mu gihe abagabo bambaraga impuzu, ab’ubu banigiriza karuvate itema igituza, bakambara amapantalo n’amakote. Abadashoboye kubihanura, biyambarira impari (ikabutura). Icyakora hari aho bagikenyera imyenda. Aho amajyambere y’abazungu agereye mu Rwanda, umwambaro uboneye wari ikanzu cyangwa ijipo n’ishati/umupira ku mwari, wari ikabutura n’ishati ku musore, ukaba umucyenyero n’umwitero ku babyeyi n’abagabo. Habaho n’amakoti ya kabuti, amwe ajya gukabakaba ku birenge.

## Amashakiro
Ikirunga cya Nyiragongo

Ikirunga cya Nyiragongo n'ikirunga giherereye muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, Nyiragongo ifite ikiyaga hejuru, kikaba gifite uburebure bungana metero 3,470.

Ikirunga cya Nyiragongo giheruka kuruka muri 2021 aho iri ruka ryatumye abaturage benshi bahungira mu Rwanda ndetse iki kirunga no muri 2002 cyararutse cyangiza ibikorwa remezo byinshi cyane gihitana ubuzima bw'abasaga 250 abandi barenga120 basigara badafite aho bakinga umusaya, kandi mu nshuro ikirunga cya Nyiragongo cyijya kuruka kibanza gutanga ibimenyetso.
Inkoranyabitabo y'Igihugu cy'u Rwanda

Inkoranyabitabo y'Igihugu cy'u Rwanda abenshi bakunze kwita Isomero rikuru ry'Igihugu, mu Rwanda yatekerejwe gushingwa ahagana mu mwaka w'1971, inzozi zaje kuba impamo mu 1989.

## Amateka
Mu mwaka w'1971 habaye inama yari igamije kureba uko hashyirwaho Inkoranyabitabo y'Igihugu cy'u Rwanda, intego yaje kugerwaho ubwo iteka rya Perezida nimero 174/06 ryo ku wa  28 Werurwe 1989 ryashyiragaho iyi Nkoranyabitabo ikaba rimwe mu mashami ya Minisiteri y'Amashuri Makuru n'Ubushakashatsi mu by'Ubuhanga. Icyo gihe Inkoranyabitabo y'Igihugu yari ikusanyirizo ry'ibitabo byandikwa hirya no hino mu gihugu. 

Mu mwaka w'1994 ubwo habaga Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda, Inkoranyabitabo y'Igihugu na yo yagizweho ingaruka kuko umutungo wayo wangiritse, undi urabura ndetse n'ibikorwaremezo birasenywa. Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, Leta y'Ubumwe bw'Abanyarwanda yakoze ibishoboka kugira ngo Inkoranyabitabo y'Igihugu yongere gukora. 

Mu 2012 yagizwe rimwe mu mashami ya Minisiteri y'Urubyiruko na Siporo, ikomatanyirizwa hamwe n'Isomero rusange rya Kigali maze yitwa Serivisi z'amasomero mu Rwada kugeza mu 2014 ubwo yatandukanywaga n'isomero rusange rya Kigali ahubwo igafatanywa n'Ishyinguranyandiko ry'Igihugu bikora ikigo gishya cy'Igihugu cyari gishinzwe   Ishyinguranyandiko na Serivisi z„Inkoranyabitabo (RALSA). Iki kigo cyahise gishamikira kuri Minisiteri ya Siporo n'Umuco, nyuma kuri Minisiteri y'Urubyiruko n'Umuco ahagana mu 2018.

Mu 2020 ni bwo Inkoranyabitabo y'Igihugu yabaye rimwe mu mashami y'Ikigo gishya cyari gishinzwe cyitwa Inteko y'Umuco, aho yanahinduriwe inyito iba Serivisi z'Inkoranyabitabo y'Igihugu.
Pariki y'igihugu ya Virunga

**Pariki y'igihugu ya Virunga** ni agace karinzwe cyane muri Afurika y'iburasirazuba mu igihugu cya Congo, karimo amoko arenga igihumbi y’inyamabere, inyoni, ibikururuka hasi, na amphibian ndetse n’ingagi zo mu misozi. Virunga iherereye ku nkombe y’iburasirazuba bw’ikibaya cya Kongo, n' ishyamba rya kabiri rinini ku isi mu amashyamba y’imvura yo mu turere dushyuha, Virunga yamenyekanye nka parike y’umuriro n’ibarafu kubera aho ituye itandukanye kuva ku mpinga ya Rwenzori kugeza mu kibaya cya savanna no mu misozi y’ibirunga. Mu 1979 ryashyizwe k'urutonde ndangamurage rwa UNESCO, Virunga ihora ibangamiwe n'intambara, guhiga ndetse n'ibikorwa bitemewe ndetse n'ibiza bidasanzwe.

## Amateka

Pariki y'igihugu ya Virunga ni parike y'igihugu mu kibaya cya Albertine Rift mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Yashinzwe mu 1925. Mu butumburuke, ifite uburebure bwa metero 680 mu kibaya cy’umugezi wa Semliki kugera kuri metero 5109 (16,762 ft) mu misozi ya Rwenzori. Uhereye mu majyaruguru ugana mu majyepfo igera kuri kilometero 300 (190 mi), ahanini ugana ku mipaka mpuzamahanga na Uganda n'u Rwanda mu burasirazuba. Ifite ubuso bwa 8.090 km2 (3,120 sq mi).

Ibirunga bibiri Nyiragongo na Nyamuragira, biri muri parike ya Virunga. Amoko arenga 3.000 y’ibinyabuzima n’indabyo yaranditswe, muri yo arenga 300 aboneka muri Rift Albertine harimo ingagi zo mu burasirazuba (Gorilla beringei) n’inguge  (Cercopithecus kandti).

## Indanganturo