Igishanga

**Igishanga**  .  Ibishanga bifatwa nkaho ari inzibacyuho kuko ubutaka n’amazi bigira uruhare mukurema ibidukikije.  Ibishanga biratandukanye mubunini kandi biherereye kwisi yose. Amazi yo mu gishanga ashobora kuba  amazi meza, . **Ibishanga byamazi meza** bigizwe n'ibyuzi binini cyangwa ibiyaga aho usanga biterwa cyane namazi yimvura numwuzure wigihe kugirango bikomeze ihindagurika ryamazi.   **Ibishanga by'amazi y'umunyu** tubisanga kuruhande rwubushyuhe .  ibishanga . Mu turere twa boreal yo muri canada, ijambo igishanga rikoreshwa mu magambo akunze kwitwa bog, fen, cyangwa muskeg . Bimwe mu bishanga binini ku isi biboneka ku nzuzi nini nka Amazone, Mississippi, na Kongo . 

## Itandukaniro hagati y'igishanga n'ibishanga

Igishanga n'ibishanga ni ubwoko bwihariye bw'ibishanga bigizwe n'amazi arimo ubutaka bukize, bw'amazi .  Ibishanga ni ibishanga, bikomeza cyangwa bikunze kuzuzwa n’amazi atemba , yiganjemo ibimera byoroshye-bitoshye n’ibimera bimera. Ibishanga ni ibishanga bigizwe n'ubutaka bwuzuye cyangwa amazi ahagaze kandi byiganjemo ibimera byihanganira amazi nk'ibiti, ibihuru, n'ibindi...  

## Ibijyanye n'amazi no munsi yayo
Ibishanga birangwa n'ubutaka bwuzuye hamwe n'amazi agenda buhoro.  Amazi yegeranya mu bishanga aturuka ahantu hatandukanye harimo imvura, amazi y'ubutaka,n'imiraba cyangwa umwuzure w;amazi meza.  Izi nzira za hydrologic zose zigira uruhare muburyo ingufu nintungamubiri zitembera no hanze y'ibidukikije. Mugihe amazi atembera mu gishanga, intungamubiri, imyanda hamwe n’ibyuka bihumanya bisanzwe. Imiti nka fosifore na azote irangirira mu nzira y'amazi iranyerera kandi igakoreshwa n'ibimera byo mu mazi biri mu gishanga, bigasukura amazi. Imiti yose isigaye cyangwa irenga ihari izegeranya munsi yigishanga, ikurwe mumazi igashyingurwa mubutaka.  Ibidukikije bya biogeochemiki y’ibishanga biterwa na hydrology yayo, bigira ingaruka kurwego no kuboneka kwumutungo nka ogisijeni, intungamubiri, amazi pH nuburozi, bizagira ingaruka kubidukikije byose. 

## Indangagaciro na serivisi y'ibidukikije

mugihe cya mbere ibishanga byari bifite agaciro gake cyane ugereranije nimirima, ibibaya cyangwa amashyamba. Ibishanga n’ibindi bishanga byagaragaye ko ari uburyo busanzwe bwo gucunga imyuzure no kwirinda. Mu bihe nk'ibi aho imyuzure ibaye, ibishanga bikurura kandi bigakoresha amazi arenze mu gishanga, bikabuza kugenda no kwuzura mu turere tuyikikije.  Ibimera byinshi biri mu gishanga binatanga ubutaka ku butaka, bifata ubutaka n’ubutaka mu gihe birinda isuri no gutakaza ubutaka. Ibishanga ni isoko nini kandi yingirakamaro yamazi meza na ogisijeni mubuzima bwose, kandi akenshi usanga byororoka kubwoko butandukanye. Ibishanga by'umwuzure ni umutungo w'ingenzi mu gukora no gukwirakwiza amafi.  Bibiri bya gatatu by'amafi n'ibishishwa bisarurwa mu bucuruzi kandi biterwa n'ibishanga. 

## Ingaruka no kubungabunga
Amateka, abantu bazwiho kuvoma cyangwa kuzuza ibishanga nibindi bishanga kugirango habeho umwanya munini witerambere ryabantu no kugabanya iterabwoba ryindwara ziterwa nudukoko two mu gishanga.   Ibice binini by'igishanga rero byarangiritse. Louisiana itanga urugero rwiza rwokubura igishanga bivuye muribi bintu.  Birashoboka ko Uburayi bwatakaje hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy’ibishanga.  Nouvelle-Zélande yatakaje 90 ku ijana by'ibishanga byayo mu gihe cy'imyaka 150. Abashinzwe ibidukikije bazi ko ibishanga bitanga serivisi z’ibidukikije zirimo kurwanya umwuzure, umusaruro w’amafi, kweza amazi, kubika karubone, n’aho gutura ku gasozi.  Mu bice byinshi byisi abategetsi barinda ibishanga. Mu bice by’Uburayi na Amerika ya Ruguru, imishinga yo gusana ibishanga iragenda ikwirakwira.    Akenshi intambwe yoroshye yo kugarura ibishanga harimo gucomeka imiyoboro y'amazi no gukuraho imiyoboro . 

Abafite inshingano mu ibidukikije bakora mu kubungabunga ibishanga nk’ibyo mu majyaruguru y’iburengerazuba bwa Indiana muri Amerika Midwest yabitswe mu rwego rwa Indiana Dunes .   

Marshes ya Mezopotamiya igishanga kinini  

Muri Aziya, ibishanga byo mu turere dushyuha biherereye ku mugabane wa Aziya y'Uburasirazuba no muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo, ibishanga biboneka cyane mubutumburuke buke bwinyanja no munsi yinyanja kandi bigera k'untera irenga 100 km (62) mi) hafi y'ibibaya by'inzuzi no hakurya y'amazi. 

Igishanga cya Vasyugan ni igishanga kinini mu burengerazuba bwa Siberiya y’Uburusiya .iki no kimwe mu bishanga binini kw'isi kikaba gifite ubuso buruta ubw' ubusuwisi

Igishanga cya Atchafalaya ku mpera y’umugezi wa Mississippi nicyo gishanga kinini muri Amerika . Ni urugero rwingenzi rwibishanga bya cypress yepfo  ariko byahinduwe cyane no gutema ibiti, kuvoma no kubaka levee.  Ibindi bishanga bizwi cyane muri Amerika ni ibice by’amashyamba ya Evergrades, igishanga cya Okefenooke, igishanga cya Barley, igishanga cya cyprees n’igishanga cya Dismal  na handi hirya no hino kw'isi.  

ibishanga binini birimo amazone na congo.  Amajyaruguru, ariko, ibishanga binini ni bogs .

### Afurika

* Ibishanga bya Bangweulu, Zambiya
* Mare aux Indirimbo, Maurice *
* Niger Delta, Nijeriya
* Igishanga cya Okavango, Botswana  
* Sudd, Sudani y'Amajyepfo

### Aziya

* Igishanga cya Asmat, Indoneziya
* Igishanga cya Candaba muri Apalit na Candaba, Pampanga na Pulilan, Bulacan, Philippines
* Igishanga cya Mangrove i Karachi, muri Pakisitani
* Igishanga cya Myristica mu Burengerazuba bwa Ghats, mu Buhinde
* Ishyamba rya Ratargul muri Sylhet, Bangladesh
* Sundarbans mu Buhinde na Bangladesh 
* Igishanga cya Vasyugan, Uburusiya
* Igishanga cya Negombo, Sri Lanka

### Australiya

* Igishanga cya Coomonderry 
* Igishanga cya Oak Igiti Cyishyamba

### Uburayi

### Amerika y'Amajyaruguru

* Ubuhungiro bw’ibinyabuzima bya Atchafalaya, Louisiana, Amerika
* Ikibanza kinini cya Cypress, Floride, Amerika
* Igishanga cya Barley, Floride, Amerika
* Umugezi wa Cache, Illinois, Amerika
* Ikiyaga cya Caddo, Texas / Louisiana, Amerika
* Igishanga cya Cibuco, Porto Rico
* Igishanga cya Congaree, Carolina yepfo, Amerika
* Everglades, Floride, Amerika
* Parike ya mbere ya Landing, Virginia, Amerika
* Grand Kankakee Marsh, Indiana, Amerika
* Igishanga kinini cy'umukara, Indiana / Ohio, Amerika
* Igishanga kinini cya Cypress, Delaware na Maryland, Amerika, kizwi kandi ku gishanga kinini cya Pocomoke
* Igishanga kinini cyo kwirukana, Carolina y'Amajyaruguru / Virginia, Amerika
* Igishanga kinini cy’inyamanswa y’inyamanswa, New Jersey, Amerika
* Igishanga kibisi, Floride, Amerika
* Igishanga kibisi, Carolina y'Amajyaruguru, Amerika
* Igishanga cya Honey Island, Louisiana, Amerika
* Hudson Bay Lowlands, Ontario, Kanada
* Limberlost, Indiana, Amerika
* Ibishanga bya Louisiana, Louisiana, Amerika
* Mingo National Wildlife Refuge, Puxico, Missouri, Amerika
* Igishanga cya Okefenokee, Jeworujiya / Florida, Amerika
* Pantanos de Centla, Tabasco / Campeche, Mexico
* Ikiyaga cya Reelfoot, Tennessee / Kentucky, Amerika
* Igishanga cya Texas, Texas, Amerika
* Parike ya Tortuguero, Limón, Kosta Rika

### Amerika y'Epfo

* Ibibaya bya Karayibe, Kolombiya
* Esteros del Iberá, Arijantine
* Lahuen Ñadi, Chili
* Pantanal,  Burezili, Boliviya na Paraguay
* Paraná Delta, Arijantine 

## Reba