open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Kumenya ko Umwana afite ubumuga akiri muto

Kuri ubu habonetse ibitabo bizajya byifashishwa mu kuba hamenyekana ko Umwana afite ubumuga akiri muto bigatahurwa.

## Ibyo Wamenya kuri iyi gahunda

Ni ibitabo bikubiyemo kuba hamenyekana ibishobora kuba byagenderwaho hamenyekana niba Umwana ashobora kuba cyangwa afite kuba yaravukanye ubumuga runaka, hakaba hamenyekana uko yakurikiranwa hakiri kare akiri muto. Ibyo bifasha mu kugaragaza uburyo Umwana agenda akura ku buryo Umuntu  ashobora kureba uburyo cyangwa urwego ariho bikajyanishwa n'intera yakagombye kuba ariho nuko yafashwa. Ikindi mu gutahura abafite ubumuga hakiri kare ni uko ufite ubumuga yaba anafite ubwishingizi gusa kandi harinubwo usanga hari ibitaro byateye imbere bishobora gufasha abafite ubumuga guhangana na bwo mukubitaho,ikibazo kiba cyaba ari uko ibitara bishobara kuba bidakorana n'ubwishingizi kandi gukurikirana ubumuga byaba bihenze.

## Mubindi Wamenya

Agashami gashinzwe kwita kubafite ubumuga bavuga ko ubusanzwe abaganga n'abanti bantu bita k'umwana wavutse batabaga bafite uburyo batahura ko afite ubumuga,ariyo mahirwe yandi yaraje y'ibyo bitabo bifasha mukuba hamenyekana abafite ubumuga hakiri kare, Ni ukuvuga ngo umwana yashoboraga kuvuka ariko umujyanama w'Ubuzima cyangwa umuryango avukamo ntibabashe kuba babona ko umwana afite ubumuga bikagera ubwo Umwana atagishobora gufashwa, icyafashwa n'izo nyakindo zishobora gufasha mubukangurambaga. Bumwe mu umuntu ufite ubumuga ashobora kuvukana bwakitabwaho hakiri kare umwana aka yabasha kuba yakira ubumuga bwitaweho hakiri kare ni ubumuga bw'ibirenge,bumwe umwana abagendesha igice cyo hejuru, ikirenge kidafite ubworo, imitego n'abafite ubumuga bwo m'ubwonko.Gahunda ya Leta y'uRwanda mu guhangana n'icyokibazo yashizeho ibitaro bitandukanye kurutonde bitanga serivise zisumbuyeho ariko bakorana n'abafite ubwishingizi. Ibyo bikorwa byiyongera kuri gahunda yatangijwe yogushira mubitaro serivisi z'umwihariko zifasha abafite ubumuga.

## Amashakiro
Ibarura ry'Abafite Ubumuga

Abafite ubumuga bavuga ko bagihura n'imbogamizi zitandukanye mumiryango yabo bishingiye ko ntamwihariko wagaragajwe ku bantu bafite ubumuga.

## Abafite ubumuga Ibyo bifuza ku ibarura ryihariye

Abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva, kutabona no kuvuga bavuga ko ntamibare ihari y'abantu bafite ubwo bumuga kubera ko amabarura rusange y'ikigo cy'igihugu cy'ibarurishamibare batakorerwaga ibarura ryihariye ukwabo usanga bibagiraho ingaruka zishingiye ku igenamimbambi kuberako abenshi baba batazwi, bigatuma bashingiraho basaba ikigo cy'igihugu cy'ibarurishamibare kuzabarura iki cyiciro cyihariye cy'abafite ubumuga bukomatanyije bwihariye. Kuba ari ntamibare y'abafite ubumuga bukomatanije, abafite ubwo bumumuga bavuga ko bibabera imbogamizi kuko ntacyiciro nakimwe bibonamo ndetse bigatuma badatekerezwaho mu bijanye no gufashwa byihariye kuko akenshi ubufasha runaka buba bureba icyiciro cy'abafite ubumuga nyamara bakenera ubufasha bwihariye. Ibyiciro by'abafite ubumuga byagaragaye mu mabarura rusange yatambutse ntahagaragara abafite ubumuga bukomatanije ahubwo bigaragara ko bishobora kuba barabarwaga mu bafite ubundi bumuga butabaga bwahawe ibyiciro,urebye abafite ubumuga bwokutumva,kuvuga no kutabona bakenera ubufasha bwihariye no kwitabwaho.

## Ibindi Wamenya

Kuri ubu hari politike yogufasha abatishoboye muri rusange ariko hazajyaho niyogufasha abafite ubumuga, byagombaga gushingira kumibare yavuye mu ibarura riherutse kuba kuko haherukaga ibarura ryo mu mwaka wa 2012. Nibyo byagombaga kugenderwaho abafite ubumuga bagakorerwa ubuvugizi  bifuza kugira ngo nabo badacikanwa n'amahirwe agera kubandi hagamijwe iterambere kuri buri umwe. Ibyo kandi byaje nyuma yuko Minisiteri y'ubutegetsi bw'igihugu iheruka gutangaza ibyiciro bishya by'ubudehe byavuye kuri bine kuri ubungubu bikaba bigeze kuri bitanu ndetse bikaba byaranahinduriwe inyito.

## Amashakiro
Avamys

## AVAMYS WORKS
AVAMYS belongs to a group of medicines called glucocorticoids and works by decreasing inflammation caused by seasonal allergies. When you spray AVAMYS into your nose it helps to reduce symptoms such as stuffiness, runniness, itching, sneezing, eye redness, itchy eyes, and watery eyes.https://ca.gsk.com/media/6134/avamys-part-iii.pdf
Imfashanyo yo kumva

**Imfashanyo yo kwumva** nigikoresho cyagenewe kunoza kumva mukumva amajwi kumuntu ufite

ikibazo cyo kutumva. Imfashanyigisho zo kumva zishyirwa mu ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi mu bihugu byinshi, kandi bigengwa n’amabwiriza abigenga. Amajwi mato mato nk'ibicuruzwa  byongera amajwi (PSAP) cyangwa ubundi buryo bworoshye bwo kongera amajwi ntibishobora kugurishwa nk "ibyuma bifasha kumva".https://journals.lww.com/ear-hearing/abstract/2000/12000/comparison_of_hearing_aids_over_the_20th_century.9.aspx
Akuma gafasha umuntu kumva

Ibikoresho byo hambere, nk'ingoma  y'amatwi cyangwa amahembe y' ugutwi, byari imiyoboro ya amplification pasive yagenewe gukusanya ingufu zijwi no kuyiyobora mumatwi. Ibikoresho bigezweho ni mudasobwa ikoresha amashanyarazi ihindura amajwi y’ibidukikije kugirango yumvikane, ukurikije amategeko  yerekana amajwi no kumenya. Ibikoresho bigezweho kandi bifashisha uburyo bukomeye bwo gutunganya ibimenyetso bya digitale kugirango ugerageze no kunoza imvugo yumvikana kandi ihumuriza uyikoresha. gutunganya ibimenyetso birimo gucunga ibitekerezo, kwaguka kwagutse kwagutse, icyerekezo, kugabanya inshuro, no kugabanya urusaku.https://web.archive.org/web/20080724231030/http://www.hearingcenter.com/Questions/Q_ear-horn.html
Umurenge wa Musanze

Umurenge wa Musanze ugizwe mutugari 5
1. Cyabagarura
2. Garuka
3. Kabazungu
4. Nyarubuye
5. Rwambogo
Inmotion SCV

**Inmotion SCV** ni urukurikirane rwo kuringaniza, sensor igenzurwa, ni ipikipiki akoresha batiri cyangwa se igare ry’amashanyarazi ava muri Inmotion Technologies ya Shenzhen, ho mu Bushinwa.

## Igishushanyo
Imodoka ya Inmotion SCV ikoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo kuringaniza hamwe na tekinoroji ya FOC hifashishijwe girosikopi hamwe na moteri yihuta kugirango yumve uko uyigenderaho agenda mugihe ayitwaye, kandi ikoresha sisitemu yo kugenzura serivo kugirango itware neza moteri ifite kugirango ihore iringaniye. Kugirango uhindukira mugihe uyigenderaho akanda umurongo w'ibumoso cyangwa iburyo cyangwa yegamiye mu cyerekezo cyayo cyagenewe; no kwihuta cyangwa gutinda, umukoresha yegamiye imbere n'inyuma. INMOTION SCV ni ibinyabiziga bitwarwa na moteri yamashanyarazi kandi bishoboka kugenda kumuvuduko wa 31 km mu isaha. Yagereranijwe na Segways .   *SCV* ni impine y'imodoka igenzurwa .

Izi modoka zikora neza kumuhanda woroshye, nubwo zishobora gukoreshwa mu mihanda yoroheje; hamwe na moderi zimwe zirimo uburyo bwo guhagarika kugirango zorohereze hejuru kandi zidafite amabuye.

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze
Gahunda za Leta zifasha abafite ubumuga

## Gahunda za Leta zifasha abafite ubumuga
Bimaze kugaragara ko mu Rwanda abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva bahura ni ikibazo cyo kwitabira

gahunda za Leta zirimo nk'inama, umuganda, kimwe nizindi gahunda zibera munzego zibanze ariko

bagataha amara masa kuko ntakinu nakimwe baba bumvise 

## Ingamba za Leta
Kubera imbogamizi abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva bagaraje ndetse bavugako ari nayo mpamvu usanga

gahunda za leta nyinshi banga kuzitabira cyangwa bakazitabira bagenda biguru ntege kandi gahunda za

Leta ari izaburiwese. Leta yu Rwanda yafashe ingamba ko ururimi rw'amarenga rwashyirwa mundimi

zikoreshwa mu Rwanda ndetse rukigishwaabantu bose kugirango batazajya biheza kandi gahunda za

Leta ari izaburi wese.ni muri ubwo buryo Leta u Rwanda  ahise ishyiraho inkoranyamagambo y'ururimi

Rw'amarenga izifashishwa mugutuma abantubose barumenya.

## Amakuru fatizo
Robstep

**Robstep** ( Chinese) ni umurongo w'ibiziga bibiri, biringaniza, bikoresha ingufu za batiri byavumbuwe na Dongguan Robstep Robot Co., Ltd. ya Guangdong, Dongguan, Mubushinwa. Izina "Robstep" ni portmanteau y'amagambo "robot" ni "intambwe", bisobanura intambwe za robo. Ibikoresho byagereranijwe na Segways .  

Mudasobwa na moteri imbere y'igikoresho bikomeza Robstep igororotse iyo ikoreshejwe hamwe na balanse ishoboye. Uyikoresha ategeka Robstep kujya imbere ihindura ibiro byabo imbere k'urubuga rwayo, hanyuma ugasubira inyuma uhindura ibiro byabo inyuma. Robstep itahura, nk'uko iringaniza, ihinduka hagati ya misa, hanyuma ikabanza gushiraho hanyuma igakomeza umuvuduko ihuye, n'imbere cyangwa inyuma. Rukuruzi ya Gyroscopique hamwe na sensors level rw'imikorere yerekana ihinduka ryibiro. mu guhindukira, umukoresha akanda ahabigenewe ibumoso cyangwa iburyo. Robsteps itwarwa na moteri y'amashanyarazi kandi ishobora kugera k'umuvuduko wa kilometero 9.3 mu isaha (15&nbsp;km / h). 

Robsteps iragereranywa na Segways. Bazwi nk'abatwara abantu n'ibikoresho byigenga. Abakiriya bamwe babakoresha igikoresho cy'abafite ubumuga. Ubu hari ubwoko bubiri bwa bateri zashyizwe kuri ibyo bikoresho. Imwe ifatwa nk'ibyiza biteye ingendo zindege (lithium ion) naho ubundi bwoko buremewe (hydride ya nikel). Ihindurwa ry'ubwubatsi kuva m'ubwoko bumwe bwa batiri kurundi kurubu iraboneka mu bigo bitandukanye nyuma y'isoko ry'ubwubatsi kandi ihinduka ryerekanwa n'icyapa cyemewe gishyizwe hamwe n'icyapa cy'izina kubice byahinduwe.

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Official website 
* Official website (United Kingdom)
* Official website (Romania)
CE Mobility

CE Mobility yashinzwe hashize imyaka irenga 70. Muri iki gihe twungutse ubumenyi bwinshi nuburambe kubyerekeye amagare y’ibimuga, kwicara hamwe nibintu byose bijyana nayo.

Twishimiye kuba uruganda runini rw’ibimuga n’ibicuruzwa muri Afurika y'epfo. Twabaye isosiyete ya mbere muri Afrika y'epfo yakoresheje Occupational Therapist kandi twabaye abashoramari mu ikoranabuhanga rya Pressure Mapping. Kuyobora inzira nibyo twahoraga dukora kandi tuzakomeza gukora.

## Amateka
CE Mobility yatangiye kwicisha bugufi mu 1949 nkigicuruzwa gito, icururizwamo kimwe mumuhanda wa Bree, Johannesburg rwagati. Mu myaka 70 ishize twayoboye inzira mu nganda hamwe n’ibishushanyo mbonera by’ibimuga hamwe nudushya. Uyu munsi, CE Mobility ifite amashami 8 mugihugu hose hamwe nitsinda ryinzobere zirimo Occupational Therapist, Physiotherapiste, abakoresha amagare y’ibimuga, ba injeniyeri ninzobere mu kwicara kugirango bagufashe guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye bijyanye nibyo ukeneye na bije yawe.

CE Mobility niyo itumiza mu magare y’ibimuga n’ibindi bikoresho kimwe n’uruganda runini rutanga akazi ku Banyafurika yepfo barenga 150. Sura ibyumba byerekana muri Roodepoort, Sandton, Pretoria, Durban, Cape Town, Port Elizabeth, George cyangwa Bloemfontein kugirango urebe ibikoresho byinshi byimodoka.

## Uburezi
Muri CE Mobility bemera "Ubumenyi n'imbaraga".

Amahugurwa yubumenyi nubuhanga nibyingenzi kubitsinda ryacu ryabavuzi ba Occupational Therapist hamwe ninzobere zo kwicara.

Wige byinshi hano kubyerekeranye na tekinike yintebe yimuga yawe hamwe nabayobozi bicaye bicaye

Reba hepfo kumakuru yingirakamaro kumpande zose zo Kwicara, Guhagarara no gushyiraho igare ryibimuga kugirango bikore neza

CE Mobility niyo itumiza mu magare y’ibimuga n’ibindi bikoresho kimwe n’uruganda runini rutanga akazi ku Banyafurika yepfo barenga 150. Sura ibyumba byerekana muri Roodepoort, Sandton, Pretoria, Bloemfontein, George, Durban, Cape Town cyangwa Port Elizabeth kugirango urebe ibikoresho byinshi byimodoka.

## Ishakiro
Urumuri

Ijambo **"urumuri"** mu Kinyarwanda ni ijambo rifite igisobanuro cyagutse, kandi rikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye, bitewe n'icyo umuntu ashaka kuvuga. Dore ibisobanuro by’ingenzi by’iri jambo:
----

### 🔦 1. Urumuri nk’Itara cyangwa Icyaka (Light)

* Ibi ni byo bisobanuro bisanzwe: urumuri ni **icyaka gitangwa n’itara, izuba, umuriro, cyangwa ikindi gitanga ubushyuhe n’icyeza**.
** *Urugero:* Izuba ryacanye, urumuri ryaratse hose.

----

### ✨ 2. Urumuri mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo (Symbolic)

* Rikoreshwa kuvuga **ubwenge, ukuri, amahoro, cyangwa icyerekezo cyiza**.
** *Urugero:* Ubumenyi ni **urumuri** rutanga icyerekezo mu buzima.

----

### 🕯 3. Urumuri mu bijyanye n’imyemerere n’amadini

* Mu myizerere ya gikirisitu cyangwa indi myemerere, *urumuri* rushobora gusobanura **ubugingo, ukwemera, cyangwa icyizere**.
** *Urugero:* Yezu ni urumuri rw’isi.

----

### 💡 4. Urumuri nk’icyizere cyangwa igisubizo

* Aho ushaka kuvuga ko umuntu abonye **igikemura ikibazo** cye cyangwa atangiye kubona icyerekezo.
** *Urugero:* Nubwo yari mu bibazo byinshi, yaje kubona **urumuri** mu buzima.

mu Rwanda abafite ubumuga butandukanye ntago babona amakuru  ahagije kubuzima bw'igihugu cyane cyane

ababa mubice byo mu byaro. aha twavuga nko muri gahunda z'iterambere,amategeko, imibereho myiza nibindi

ibi kandi bigatuma batagira uruharerumwe nk'urwabandi baturage murigahunda z'iterambere rusange ry'igihugu

ndetse no guharanira uburenganzira bwabo bwite.

## Urumuri
ni muri urwo rwego  ihuriro ry'imiryango y'abantu bafite ubumuga mu Rwanda (NUDOR) kubufatanye na Federation Handicap international ku nkunga ya Direction Générale de Développement du Royaume de Belgique  hashyizweho akanyamakuru kitwa **urumuri** kazajya gasohoka rimwe mu mezi atandatu ni akanyamakuru kazibanda kumibereho,uburenganzira, hamwe n'ibikorwa

by'abantu bafite ubumuga muri rusange.

## Akamaro
**Urumuri** ni ingenzi kubantu bafiteubumuga mu Rwanda kuko bizabafasha kumenya amakuru agezweho kandi atandukanye

ikindi aka kanyamakurukazafasha abafite ubumuga gusobanukirrwa uburenganzira bwabo.

## Ishingiro
Ekso Bionics

## EKSO BIONICS

**Ekso Bionics Holdings Inc.** ni isosiyete iteza imbere Ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bya bionike bikoresha ingufu za ezosikeletoni zishobora guhambirwa maze zigakora nka robo, zishobora kwambarwa kugirango zongere imbaraga, mu kugenda, hamwe n'abakozi bo mu nganda ndetse nabantu bafite ibibazo by'ubumuga ni bibazo by'ubwonko nyuma yo gukomereka k'ubwonko,  siclerose nyinshi (MS) cyangwa igikomere cy'umugongo. Bifasha abantu bafite intege nke zamaguru, harimo nabamugaye, guhaguruka no kugenda.
Ekso yatoranijwe n'ikinyamakuru cya Wired nimero yacyo ya kabiri igira iti "Igikoresho gikomeye cyane cyo mu mwaka wa 2010",  kandi yashyizwe mu kinyamakuru the time "ibyiza 50 byo muri 2010".  Ekso Bionics yagaragaye kandi mu kinyamakuru *Inc* nka kimwe mu "Ibitekerezo 5 bikomeye mu myaka 15 iri imbere" . 

## Amavu n'amavuko

Iyi sosiyete yashinzwe muri 2005 ku izina rya Berkeley ExoWorks na Homayoon Kazerooni, Russ Angold na Nathan Harding, abanyamuryango bose ba Laboratwire ya Berkeley na Laboratwari y’abantu muri kaminuza ya Californiya .  Berkeley ExoWorks yerekanye *ExoHiker* na *ExoClimber*, byombi bifite uburemere butwara ibiro 150. 

Muri 2016 kandi, Ekso Bionics yahawe FDA yemewe kugirango ikoreshwe n’abarwayi ba stroke na SCI. 

Muri 2017, Ekso Bionics yongeyeho sofutiweye ya SmartAssist muri EksoGT, yongeraho imbaraga  hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo kugenda neza  mu ntambwe muri porogarame na Ekso.

Muri 2019, Ekso Bionics yatangije EksoNR, ubukurikiyeho ikora igikoresho giteganijwe cya EksoGT. 

## Ibicuruzwa byashize

### Zeru-G

## Reba kandi

* Cyberdyne
* Imashini za robo
* ReWalk
* HAL (robo)

## Inyandiko

## Izindi nyandiko
 

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Intambwe ikurikira muri bionics *Amakuru ya CBS*, 9 Ukwakira 2011.
* Imashini ishobora kwambara ifasha abamugaye Detroit Fire Fire Fire, *Amakuru ya Fox*, 6 Mutarama 2012.
* Gutera *Iminota 60* (TV ya Australiya), 5 Kanama 2011.
* Exoskeletons "Ableist"? Ikigo gishinzwe imyitwarire n’ikoranabuhanga rishya, 28 Mutarama 2012.
* Ikiganiro cyamajwi na Russ Angold, washinze hamwe na CTO ya Ekso Bionics Robots Podcast 25 Nyakanga 2014
Iterambere nibikorwa bidaheza abafite ubumuga

## '''IBIKORWA BIDAHEZWA ABAFITE UBUMUGA'''

### Mu butumwa rusange ku bitabiriye ibirori byo gutanga ibyo bihembo hagaragajwe ko buri wese akwiye kujyira uruhare  muguharanira ko abantu bafite ubumuga bagira uburenganzira nk'ubw'abandi, kandi ko abahawe ibihembo bakwiye  kubera abandi urugero  mugukomeza kubera abandi urugero mugukomeza guteza imbere mubikorwa bidaheza abafite ubumuga.

Hahembwe kandi abanyeshuri biga muri IPRF Kicukiro, nkabafite umushinga  mwiza ufite agashya gashobora gufasha abafite ubumuga , aho bakoze igare rishobora gufasha ubumuga rikoresheje kwitwara bisabye ko  bamusunika ahubwo  rigasaba ijwi mu kwitwara.https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abateza-imbere-ibikorwa-bidaheza-abafite-ubumuga-bashimiwe

Hanahembwe kandi ibigo bitandukanye bisanzwe bitanga  serivisi birimo iby'imari,ubucuruzi bwagutse birimo stafford Coffee Brewerty ltd  igikoresho abakozi bakoresha bafite ubumuga  kandi kigaragazako  batanga umusaruro kandi ko kizakomeza kubongera.https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abateza-imbere-ibikorwa-bidaheza-abafite-ubumuga-bashimiwe

Umunyamabanga Nshingwa bikorwa w'Inama y'Igihugu y'abafite ubumuga Ndayisaba Emmanuel, yavuzeko hatewe intambwe  ikomeye imaze mu rugendo rwo gushikira abafite ubumuga. agari ati ibigo bitandukanye bikwiye kwimakaza  ihame ryo kudaheza abafite ubumuga kuko nabo bashoboye kandi ko munzego zose bakoramobashobora gutanga umusaruro.https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abateza-imbere-ibikorwa-bidaheza-abafite-ubumuga-bashimiwe

### indanganturo
1.https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abateza-imbere-ibikorwa-bidaheza-abafite-ubumuga-bashimiwe

2.https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abateza-imbere-ibikorwa-bidaheza-abafite-ubumuga-bashimiwe

3.https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abateza-imbere-ibikorwa-bidaheza-abafite-ubumuga-bashimiwe
Hoople

**Hoople** ni igikoresha cya inyunganiragingo, ikaba  igendanwa aho ikoreshwa n'abantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona neza, kandi bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona, yashizweho kugirango ibafashe kugenda neza mu nzira mbi cyangwa mu gihuru . Ikora nki  nkoni yera, ariko yagenewe gukoreshwa mubihe aho gukoresha inkoni yera bishobora kugorana, urugero, mu rubura cyangwa kumusenyi. Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa n'abana bato nkimfashanyo ibanziriza inkoni cyangwa nabantu barwaye rubagikanye n'izindi ndwara zubuvuzi byatuma gukoresha inkoni gakondo cyangwa yera bigorana. Hoople yagenewe gutahura inzitizi, binyuze mubitekerezo byubaka ndetse n'amajwi. Kuberako Hoople yimuwe kubutaka aho kwimurwa kuruhande rumwe nk'inkoni, uyikoresha arashobora kandi gutahura ibitonyanga intambwe ebyiri imbere, icyuho kigufi cyangwa inzitizi zishobora gutambuka kumpande zinzira igana imbere.  Hoople yahimbwe mu ntangiriro ya za 90 na Clive Ellis na Tony Larkin, abarimu babiri muri Royal National College for Blind i Hanoford, mu Bwongereza . 

Hoople yakorewe kugirango ishire hamwe ubunini butandukanye bw'umubiri. 

## Reba kandi

* Ubuhumyi
* Kuyobora imbwa
* Kuyobora ifarashi
* Assistive cane
* Umunsi wumutekano wa Cane

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Ifoto yumugabo ukoresha ingofero, kuva muri Royal National College for Impumyi. (Byanditswe muri  ). "Inkoni zera ni mbi gute?" . *Amakuru ya BBC* . )
Standing frame

**Ikadiri ihagaze** ( kandi nka **stand**, **stander**, tekinoroji ihagaze, imfashanyo ihagaze, igikoresho gihagaze, agasanduku gahagaze, ameza yegeranye ) ni tekinoroji ifasha ishobora gukoreshwa n'umuntu wishingikirije ku maguru kugirango agende. standi ihagaze itanga ubundi buryo bwo kwicara mu kagare k'abamugaye ushyigikira umuntu uhagaze.

## Ubwoko n'imikorere

Ubwoko busanzwe bwabahagaze burimo: kwicara, guhagarara, bikunda iyo supine igororotse, imyanya myinshi iya ihagaze, hamwe n'intebe y'abamugaye . Ibirenge birebire nabyo ni igikoresho gihagaze ariko ntabwo gikoreshwa kenshi muri iki gihe.

### Ibyiciro by'abahagaze

#### Kugenda

#### Ubwoko

## Gusuzuma no kubakoresha

Ibipimo byifashishwa n'abantu bafite ubumuga bworoheje kandi bukabije nko gukomeretsa umugongo, gukomeretsa ubwonko, ubumuga bwubwonko, spina bifida, dystrofi yimitsi, sclerose nyinshi, stroke, syndrome ya Rett, na syndrome ya polio .

### Gukomereka umugongo
Ibipimo bikoreshwa n'abantu bafite paraplegiya na quadriplegiya kuva uburyo butandukanye bwo gufasha burahari kugirango ubumuga bworoheje cyangwa bukomeye. Doug Betters na Mike Utley bombi bahoze bakina umupira wamaguru wa NFL ni quadriplegics kubera imvune yumugongo. Bombi bahagarara bakoresheje igihagararo gikora.

## Kubona ikariti ihagaze
Inkunga (inkunga ya leta cyangwa ubwishingizi bw'ubuzima) kubikoresho bihagaze bishoboka kugerwaho mu bihugu byinshi byateye imbere, ariko mubisanzwe bisaba ishingiro ry'ubuvuzi hamwe n'inzandiko z'ibyerekana z'ubuvuzi ( ibisobanuro birambuye byubuvuzi ) byanditswe n'umuganga w'umubiri cyangwa inzobere m'ubuvuzi.

## Inkomoko

* Gushoboza amakuru yukuri kumfashanyo ihagaze
* 


## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Kwiyandikisha mu gihugu cy’abatanga ikoranabuhanga mu buzima busanzwe - nrrts.org
* Ubuvuzi buhagaze hamwe no kugenda birashobora kuba intsinzi kubarwayi ba SCI
Invalid carriage

**Invalid carriages** ubusanzwe yari ibinyabiziga byo muhanda umwe, bisi, cyangwa se ibinyabiziga by'igenga kubamugaye. zabanje kubanziriza moteri bigezweho z'amashanyarazi, guhera mu myaka ya ya 1920, muri rusange byakoreshwaga na moteri ntoya ya lisansi, ni bimwe mu byakoreshwaga na batiri.

## Amateka
Stephan Farffler yari umuntu ugaragara cyane  mu kinyejana cya cumi na karindwi wavumbuye imodoka ya manumotive muri 1655, ifatwa nk’intebe ya mbere y’abafite ubumuga . Bavuga ko yaba yari yaramugaye    Nkibyo, intebe yari ijyanye nigishushanyo cya nyuma cy'imodoka itemewe. Igikoresho gifite ibiziga bitatu nacyo ngo cyabaye intangiriro y'amagare yabamugare. 

## Mu ntambara
Stanley Engineering Co. Ltd ya kozwe na Egham hamwe na Surrey, yatangiye gukora imodoka aho zitwaraga imodoka zitemewe ku izina rya 'Argson' mu myaka yo muri 1920. Argson Runnymede yateguriwe muri Afurika yepfo yakorewe mu Bwongereza kuva muri 1936 kugeza 1954. Zari zikoreshwa na bateri cyangwa zifite moteri ya peteroli ya Villiers. Benzin ikoreshwa na Runnymede yambukiranyije umusozi wa Alpes muri 1947. Stanley Engineering yaguzwe na CB Harper Ltd mu 1954. 

## Ibindi bihugu
Imodoka zitemewe nazo zakorewe mu bindi bihugu, harimo nka Simson DUO mu Budage bw'Iburasirazuba,  SMZ muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti, na Velorex muri Cekosolovakiya .  

## Kuva mu 1988

Hambere aha Mu Bwongereza, "ubwikorezi butemewe" ni ijambo ryemewe risobanura igikoresho cyubatswe hagamijwe gukoresha umuntu umwe ufite ubumuga bw’umubiri, kidasaba uruhushya rwo gutwara ikinyabiziga kandi gishobora gutwarwa m’umuhanda n’abafite ubumuga, harimo ndetse no kuri kaburimbo .  Amategeko aratandukanye gato muri Irilande y'Amajyaruguru. 

## Reba kandi

* Intebe yo kwiyuhagiriramo
* Imodoka kubakoresha igare ryibimuga
* Intoki
* Invacar
* Ikimuga cy’ibimuga
* Ikinyabiziga kigendanwa

## Ubuvanganzo

## Reba
Wheelchair lift

**wheelchair lift** cyangwa **Kuzamura intebe y’abamugaye**, bizwi kandi nka **lift ya palatifomu**, cyangwa **kuzamura veriticale pelatiforumu**, ni igikoresho gifite imbaraga zose zagenewe kuzamura intebe y’ibimuga hamwe nuwayituye kugirango tuneshe intambwe cyangwa inzitizi ihari.

Intebe y’ibimuga irashobora gushirwa mumazu cyangwa mubucuruzi kandi akenshi byongerwa mumodoka yigenga ndetse na leta kugirango byuzuze ibisabwa byashyizweho nibikorwa byubumuga. Ibi bikoresho bigendanwa akenshi bishyirwa mumazu nkuburyo bwo kuzamura ingazi, zitwara umugenzi gusa ntabwo ari igare rye ryibimuga cyangwa ibimuga .

## Amabwiriza
Muri Amerika, itegeko ry’Abanyamerika bafite ubumuga ryo muri 1990 ryasabye ko imodoka zose nshya zitwara abantu zashyizwe mu bikorwa nyuma ya Nyakanga 1, 1993, bishobora kugera kubantu bari mu kagare k'abamugaye,  kandi kugeza mu myaka yo muri 2000, iki cyifuzo cyagombaga kuba cyashyizwe mubikorwa. Muri 1993, muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika hari bisi 29.033 zitwara abagenzi zafite ubumuga cyangwa amagare, bingana na 52 ku ijana bya bisi zitwara abantu muri Amerika.  Kugeza muri 2001, iyi mibare yariyongereye igera kuri bisi 58.785 . 

## Ramps
Muri 2002, udushya twemereye iterambere ry' imodoka z'itwara abafite ubumuga, ifasha abantu kwinjira mu modoka y'amakamyo, kugirango bashobore gutwara cyangwa gukoresha ibikoresho biremereye.  Kuzamura intebe y’abamugaye birashobora kandi gukoreshwa mu kwimura ibimoteri bidafite abantu mu modoka. 

## Gutura hamwe nu bucuruzi

Kuzamura intebe y'abamugaye mu busanzwe bishyirwa imbere cyangwa hanze y'urugo rw'umuntu kugirango abamugaye babone neza. Kenshi na kenshi kuzamura intebe y’abamugaye bishyirwa ku rubaraza,  cyangwa ku muryango winjira. Guterura birashobora gufata umwanya w'urwego rw'intambwe mu bihe bimwe. Byongeye kandi, urutonde rw'intambwe no kugwa birashobora kuba byubatswe kugirango bitange inzira binyuze muri lift cyangwa ingazi.

## Imbere mu nzu no hanze
Iterambere ry'imbere rikora cyane nka lifuti yashizwe mu buryo bwo kuzamura cyangwa mu nzira. Nubwo kwishyiriraho ibyuma bihagaritse bisa nkibya lifuti, ntabwo bihenze cyane. Moderi zimwe zitanga amahitamo yo kurangiza nko kuzamura ya lifuti kugirango ikore cyane nka lifuti yo mu rugo.

## Reba kandi

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze
Rwampungu Meshack

**Rwampungu Meshack**, (yavutse 1993) ni umunyarwanda w'imyaka 31 ukina umukino wa Basketball mu cyiciro cy’abafite ubumuga, mu Rwanda. Rwampungu Meshack ni umwe mu bakinnyi bagize amahirwe yo guhura na Perezida Kagame ndetse nimuha imbaraga z'imufasha kudacika intege mu bikorwa bitandukanye akora. Uyu kandi ni Captain w'ikipe y'igihugu ya Basketball y'abafite ubumuga mu Rwanda.

## Amateka
Rwampungu Meshack yabaye umukinnyi wa Basketball akinira KBC (Kigali Basketball Club), mu mwaka wa 2015 ubwo iyi equipe yari yerekeje mu akarere ka Huye muri Kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda mu marushanwa ya Basketball, imodoka yari itwaye abakinnyi yagize impanuka ikomeye maze uyu musore ahita asigarana ubumuga bw'amaguru ariko avugako bitamuciye intege kandi ko akomeje gukunda uwo mukino no kuwitabira.

Rwampungu avuga ko nyuma yo gukora impanuka yamaze umwaka atariyakira gusa nyuma yaho yahise atangira inzira yo kwiyubaka,afungura ‘Salon de Coifure’ yo kogosha abana n’abakuru yise ‘The Big Machine Salon/Urban Look Salon’ hari muri 2019.

## Ibindi
Rwampungu Meshack kuri Noheli ya 2023 ku butafanye na Isimbi Model n’umugabo we, bahuje abakinnyi batandukanye bakina umukino wa Basketball y’abagendera mu tugare cyane cyane abafite ubumuga, abawitabiriye bagenerwa ibihembo bibafaha kwizihiza iminsi mikuru.

Rwampungu Meshack akorana na Kepler University ndetse na African Leadership University, yasabye izi kaminuza guha amahirwe abafite ubumuga.

Buri mwaka mu kwezi kwa Werurwe Rwampungu Meshack ategura umukino uhuza abafite ubumuga n’abatabufite mu rwego rwo gukangura abafite ubumuga bakumva ko nabo bashoboye no kubafasha kwiyumva muri sosiyete. Umukino uheruka wabaye tariki 29 Mata 2023 Team Meshack yatsinze iya Nshobozwabyosenumukiza amanota 33-21 mu gikorwa cyiswe ‘Sports on Wheel’ cyabereye muri Lycée de Kigali.

## Ishakiro
Vanderbilt exoskeleton

**Vanderbilt exoskeleton**, yagurishijwe nka **Indego**,   ni exoskeleton ikoreshwa na Centre for Intelligent Mechatronics muri kaminuza ya Vanderbilt muri leta ya Tennessee .   Igamije gufasha abamugaye, abahohotewe n’abandi bantu bamugaye cyangwa abamugaye kugenda bonyine. Uruganda Parker Hannifin rukora ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bijyanye n'imigendere n'igenzura rwatangiye gutera inkunga ikomeza guteza imbere uyu mushinga, kandi ruteganya gushyira ku isoko ubwoko bwa mbere bwa exoskeleton mu mwaka wa 2015   

## Impamvu y'uyu mushinga
Mu mwaka wa 2012, byavuzwe ko Abanyamerika barenga 270.000 bafite ibikomere by'uruti rw'umugongo igihe kirekire, muri bo abagera kuri 21 ku ijana barwaye ubumuga bwuzuye.  Ikiguzi cyubuzima bwose no gutakaza umusaruro kuri buri paraplegic kuva kuri miliyoni 1.4 US $ kugeza kuri miliyoni 2.2.  Ariko, guhera mu mpera za 2000,ikoranbuhanga rya robotike n'iry'imashini zishobora kubika amashanyarazi(bateri) ryateye imbere ku buryo ubu bishoboka gukora ibikoresho byambikwa bifasha umuntu kugenda neza.  

## Igishushanyo
Vanderbilt exoskeleton ipima  kandi irashobora gushyigikira abakoresha ipima  .    Ikoresha kandi imbaraga zamashanyarazi zikora kugirango zongere imitsi yabarwayi bamugaye, zongerera imbaraga no kuzenguruka,  kandi zirashobora gusenywa vuba kugirango ziveho. Irashobora gukoreshwa mu  hamwe n’ibimuga, kandi irashobora kwambarwa nta mfashanyo, bigatuma abamugaye bigenga cyane.  Birahagije kugirango umuntu yicare ku ntebe isanzwe adakeneye gukuramo exoskeleton. 

## Iterambere
Kaminuza ya Vanderbilt yatangiye kwipimisha exoskeleton hamwe n’impuguke n’inzobere mu buvuzi mu kigo ngororamuco kiri i Atlanta, Jeworujiya, mu  2010.  exoskeletons yubucuruzi iriho ubu ishobora kugura , Parker Hannifin yizeye gukoresha ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukora ndetse nicyitegererezo cyoroheje cya Vanderbilt kugirango barebe ko Indego ihendutse cyane. Muri , Parker Hannifin yagiranye amasezerano yo kugerageza ivuriro rya exoskeleton hamwe n’ibigo byinshi byita ku buzima. Mu , Parker Hannifin yashora imari muri Freedom Innovations, isosiyete ikora ibijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga rya prostate ikorera muri Californiya yari ifitanye ubufatanye mbere, kugira ngo Indego itere imbere. Parker Hannifin amaze kwemezwa n’amabwiriza, arateganya kurekura Indego mu Burayi mu 2015 no muri Amerika muri  

## Reba kandi
Hope Vision Foundation

**Hope Vision Foundation** n'umuryango washinzwe kugirango ufashe mugutanga ibikoresho byihariye hamwe na serivisi z'uburezi kubarwayi bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona n'abafatanyabikorwa babo. Hope Vision Foundation ikorera mu gace ka Washington (Mu icyongereza: Washington South Sound area). Hope Vision Foundation ifasha abantu barenga 40.000 bafite ikibazo cyo kutabona neza. 2% gusa byabarwayi bafashwa na hope Vision foundation bakeneye ubufasha kugirango babashe kubona serivisi neza kubera inzitizi zirimo; bakeneye ubuvugizi, gukuraho ingorane zo kubona serivisi n'amahugurwa, ikiguzi cyo kwita kubikoresho, hamwe no guhangayika no kwiheba. 

## Amateka
Hope Vision Foundation yashinzwe muri Mata, 2017.  Hope Vision Foundation ni umuryango 501 (c) 3 udaharanira inyungu uha imbaraga abarwayi bafite icyerekezo gito n'ubuhumyi. Mugutezimbere uburyo bwo kwiga kubarezi, ibikoresho bike byo kureba hamwe nubufasha bwo kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere, duha abarwayi ubushobozi bwo kongera kwigenga no kuzamura imibereho yabo.

## Intego
Guha imbaraga abantu bafite icyerekezo gihoraho cyo kubaho neza.

## Inshingano
Hope Vision Foundation iha imbaraga abantu babana nubumuga bwo kutabona mu majwi yepfo kugirango bagarure ubwigenge bwabo no kubaho ubuzima bwabo bwiza, batanga uburezi ndetse no kunoza uburyo bwo kubona ibintu bike hamwe nubufasha bujyanye n’imihindagurikire.

## Imikoranire
Kwita cyane kumaso no kubimenya birajyana kandi bikenera ubundi bufasha. Kubera iyo mpamvu, dukorana ninzego za leta n’abikorera ku giti cyabo kugira ngo batange icyerekezo cy’abaturage.

Twifatanije n’amasomero y’ibanze hamwe n’ibigo by’abaturage muri 2018 na 2019. Muri 2020 tuzakorana na serivisi ishinzwe abasaza n’abafite ubumuga ba Pierce County hamwe n’Intare zaho. Twagize kandi Umunyeshuri wambere wimenyereza kuva muri Leta ya WA ishami rya Serivisi zimpumyi OTC.

## Indanganturo
Occupational therapy

mu Rwanda mu bitaro bya gisirikare ikanombe hatangirwa ubuvuzi buzwi ku izina rya **Occupational therapy**

ni ubuvuzi bugenewe gufasha abafite ibibazo bitandukanye  bikora kubuzima bwabo bwa burimunsi

harimo nk'ubumuga butandukanye nk'abana bavukana ubumuga bwo mumutwe, abana bafite ibibizo mu mikurire

ndetse n'abantu bakuru baba baragize impanuka zibatera ubumuga bumwe na bumwe buhoraho burimunsi.

## Occupational therapy
mu mikorere y'ubu buvuzi kandi ntago abaganga baguma ku bitaro gusa ahubwo begera abarwayi n'abarwaza babo mungo

nyuma yokuva mu bitaro mu rwego rwo kubafasha gusubira mubuzima bwa burimunsi mungo aho batuye bakorera kandi

mu bigo by'amashuri aho bajyanwayo nko gutanga inama ku barimu bakurikirana umunyeshuri wahuye na kimwe mubibazzo

byavuzwe haruguru agahugurwa uko yakwita kuri uwo munyeshuri birushijeho bikamufasha gukurikira neza amasomo ahabwa

## Uko bavura n'ibyifashishwa mu kuvura
mu barwayi bakunze kwakirwa muri ibi bitaro harimo abana bakivuka cyane cyane iyo  bafite nk'ikibazo mu bwonko 

bahuye nacyo mugihe cyo kuvuka cyangwa kubera izindi mpamvu, abafite ikibazo ku mubiri inyuma, uburwayi bw'imbere mumubiri, 

aha twavuga nko kutabona neza, ubwenge budakura neza uko bikwiye, igihe umwana avukanye zimwe mungingo zidakora neza

aha twavuga nk'umugongo udakomeye, cyangwa imitsi y'ijosi idafashe neza ndetse n'ibindi.

muri abo hari abavurwa hifashishijwe ibikoreshe byifashishwa muguha ingingo zabo ingufu ndetse no kuzigorora neza abandi

bakavurwa hatangwa inama kubijyanye nubuzima ndetse n'ibyafasha umurwayi gusubirana ubwigenge nyuma yo guhura nibibazo

bitandukanye. kubarwayi baba baragirye ibibazo mukazi bafashwa kudaheranwa n'ubwigunge bagakoreshwa imyitozo  yatuma 

basubira mukazikabo cyangwa bakaba babasha kugira ikindi bakora.

## Ibitaro
ubu buvuzi kugeza ubu mu Rwanda bukorerwa mu bitaro bya gisirikare ikanombe ahazwi nk umurenge wa kanombe

## Bariza hano
Peli Lens

**Peli Lens** nubufasha bwimikorere kubantu bafite hemianopiya itazwi. Bizwi kandi nka "EP" cyangwa Kwagura Prism igitekerezo kandi cyakozwe na Dr. Eli Peli wo mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi bw’amaso ya Schepens mu 1999. Yagura umurima (Visual field) ugaragara kuri dogere 20. Yagerageje iki gitekerezo ku barwayi benshi mu bikorwa bye bwite atsinda cyane akoresheje 40Δ Fresnel press-on prism (Peli 2000). Gutezimbere lens hamwe nigeragezwa ryamavuriro byatewe inkunga na NEI-NIH Grant EY014723 yahawe Chadwick Optical. Ibyavuye mu bigeragezo by’amavuriro menshi byashyizwe ahagaragara mu 2008 bivuga ko 74% by’abarwayi. Muri iyi nkunga Chadwick Optical nayo yateguye kandi itanga uburyo bwo kwisiga bwemewe bwoguhindura iki gitekerezo muburyo bwanditse.

Impinduka nziza ya Peli Lens yagura umurima ugaragara kuri dogere 30 irahari. Ibisubizo by'ibizamini bya Clinical birategereje.

## Ishakiro
Inkoni yera

INKONI YERA

**white cane** cyangwa **Inkoni yera** ni igikoresho gikoreshwa na bantu benshi bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona . Inkoni yera yemerera cyane uyikoresha gusikana nta nzitizi cyangwa icyerekezo, ariko kandi ifasha abayireba mukumenya uyikoresha ko ari impumyi cyangwa ubumuga bwo kutabona no gufata neza. Icya nyuma ni impamvu yibara ryera ry'ibiti.  

## Ibihinduka
Iyi koni ikorwa muri aluminiyumu, plastike ikomezwa na grafitike cyangwa izindi plastiki zishimangirwa na fibure, kandi ishobora gukorwa bitewe ni nama zitandukanye bitewe n'ibyifuzo byabayikoresha.

Inkoni yera irashobora kuba ivunaguye cyangwa igororotse, hamwe na verisiyo zombi zifite ibyiza n'ibibi. Ihuriro ry’igihugu ry’abatabona muri Amerika ryemeza ko urumuri n’uburebure bw’imigozi igororotse bituma abantu bagenda neza n’umutekano, nubwo imigozi ishobora kugwa ishobora kubikwa mu buryo bworoshye, bikabaha inyungu ahantu huzuye abantu nko mu byumba by’ishuri ndetse n’ibikorwa rusange.  

## Amateka

Impumyi zakoresheje inkoni nkibikoresho by'imuka mu binyejana byinshi. 

Muri 1921, James Biggs, umufotozi ukomoka i Bristol wabaye impumyi nyuma y'impanuka, akaba atishimiye ubwinshi bw'imodoka yazengurukaga iwe, yashushanyije inkoni ye yagendaga yera kugirango igaragare muburyo byoroshye. 

## Amategeko yerekeye inkoni

Mu Bwongereza, inkoni yera yerekana ko umuntu afite ubumuga bwo kutabona ariko yumva bisanzwe nk'abandi bantu;  byerekana ko uyikoresha ari igipfamatwi.

Muri Reta zunzubumwe za Amerika, amategeko aratandukanye bitewe na leta zitandukanye, ariko mu bihe byose, abatwara inkoni yera bahabwa uburenganzira bwo mu nzira iyo bambutse umuhanda. Bahawe uburenganzira bwo gukoresha inkoni yera, ahantu hose hahurira abantu benshi. Rimwe na rimwe, birabujijwe ko umuntu utari impumyi akoresha inkoni yera agamije guhabwa uburenganzira.  

## Abana
Mu bihugu byinshi, harimo n’Ubwongereza, inkoni yera ntabwo isanzwe imenyeshwa umwana kugeza bafite hagati y'imyaka 7 na 10. Ariko, vuba aha inkoni zatangiye kwinjizwa mu gihe umwana yiga kugenda kugirango afashwe mu iterambere.  

## Reba kandi

* GPS kubafite ubumuga bwo kutabona
* Amashanyarazi
* Kuyobora imbwa
* Kuyobora ifarashi
* Inkoni ifasha
* Hoople (infashanyo yimodoka)

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Amateka ya Cane yera
* Amateka yumunsi wumutekano wa Cane
Mobility scooter

**Ikinyabiziga kigendanwa** (Mu **[[icyongereza]]**: Mobility scooter) ni ikinyabiziga gikoreshwa n'amashanyarazi gitwara abantu ku giti cyabo ndetse k'imfashanyo igendanwa ku bantu bafite ubumuga bw'umubiri, ahanini ikaba ifasha intebe y’abafite ubumuga. Iyo moteri ikoresha ibikoresho bya micromobilisite kandi bakunze kwitwa ibinyabiziga bifite moteri / scooter cyangwa scooter z'amashanyarazi. Ibi binyabiziga bidafite moteri ntibisanzwe, ndetse bigenewe abagera kuri 60% bakoresha amagare y’abafite byibuze ubumuga bw' amaguru. Mu gihe ibibazo by’amaguru bikunze gufatwa nkimpamvu yo gukoresha ibimoteri, ibinyabiziga bikoreshwa nabafite imiterere itandukanye kuva ibikomere byumugongo kugeza indwara zifata ubwonko.

Izimoteri zigenda zitandukanye nintebe y’abafite ubumuga kubera ko mubisanzwe bihendutse, mu buryo bworoshye kunyura hejuru yubutaka butaringaniye, kandi birashoboka cyane. Iyi scooters yubatswe kubantu bafite ikibazo cyo kugenda cyangwa kuzenguruka, ariko ntibakenera buri gihe intebe y’abafite ubumuga. Zikoreshwa kandi n'abantu bakeneye intebe mu intera ndende cyangwa guhagarara umwanya muremure, cyangwa abemerewe gutwara imodoka kubwimpamvu zubuvuzi.

## Amateka

Imodoka ya mbere isa nkaho igendagenda mu modoka yatangijwe mu 1954, kandi yishyurwa na Sears nk'intebe y’ibimuga. Ryari rifite intebe nini, ubushobozi bwa bateri yiyongereye kandi ifite ibiziga bitatu. Icyakora intebe yari imeze nkintebe ya moto - idatanga inkunga yinyuma - bigatuma idakwiye abamugaye bafite ibibazo bisanzwe nkindwara ya skeletomuscular cyangwa umunaniro. Ntabwo byari byiza mu bucuruzi.

## Indanganturo
Segs4Vets

**Segs4Vets** ni gahunda yakomezaga yatangiye muri 2005, ni imbaraga zo mu nzego z’ibanze kandi ziyobowe n’abakorerabushake bo muri Amerika zatanganga imodoka za Segway PT ku basirikare b’abafite ubumuga bo muri Amerika. Iyi gahunda yatange bwa mbere muri Nzeri 2005 ku bantu batatu bari bafite ibikomere muri Operation y’ubwisanzure bwa Iraki, yatekerejwe kandi ashyirwa mu bikorwa hifashishijwe Jenerali Ralph "Ed" Eberhart, USAF (Ret), na Perezida w’Ingabo.

## Gahunda yo gukomeretsa bikabije abasare n'abasare (SIMS)

Muri Gicurasi 2006, Colonel William J. O'Brien, USMC (Ret), Yari umuyobozi w’ishami ry’ingabo zirwanira mu mazi hamwe n’abasirikare bakomeretse bikabije, yari gahunda y’icyitegererezo yashyizweho n’umunyamabanga wungirije w’ingabo zirwanira mu mazi HC Barney Barnum, bakoreraga serivisi abakozi bakomeretse muri Marine Corps na Navy, cyangwa kubafasha muguhinduka kwabikorera, bamenye gahunda ya Segs4Vets. Muri Nyakanga 2006, abakozi bato ba gahunda ya SIMS, Colonel O'Brien, HMC Christine Jensen, USN, na Joseph Wade batangiye gufatanya na gahunda ya Segs4Vets mu rwego rwo kubashishikariza gukora OEF & OIF benshi bari bakomeretse bikabije.

## Gahunda yo Gusuzuma Amahugurwa

Mu mwaka wo muri 2006,  batangiye gushyiraho gahunda z’amahugurwa n’isuzuma ku bigo nderabuzima bya gisirikare byatangaga ubuvuzi busubiza busanzwe na OEF na OIF bakomeretse bikabije. Muri ibyo bigo harimo ikigo cy’ubuvuzi cya Walter Reed yo muri Gashyantare 2006, Ikigo cy’ubuvuzi cy’ingabo zirwanira mu mazi muri Gicurasi 2006, ikigo cy’ubuvuzi cya Brooke mu gushyingo 2006, n’ikigo nderabuzima cya Nav San San Diego mu gushyingo 2008.

## Abakiriye neza

* Serija Kortney Clemons, Amerika, (Ret)

## Ibihembo n'ibihembo

* Muri 2008 Umunyamabanga w’ingabo za Leta, Mu gihembo cy’indashyikirwa mu bikorwa bya Leta mu gutanga inkunga idasanzwe ku Basirikare b'igihugu cyacu
* Igihembo cya Roho w'amizero muri 2010 cyatanzwe n'ibiro bya Minisitiri w’ingabo
* 2016 Umudari w'ishimwe rya Kongere y'icyubahiro Sosiyete y'icyubahiro y'abanyagihugu yahawe Jerry Kerr kubera kwerekana ibiranga umudari w'ishimwe
* Abagiraneza bigenga bo muri Amerika Ikirango cy'indashyikirwa
* Umwe mu bagize Umuryango w’abasirikare n’abasirikare bashinzwe ibikorwa muri Amerika (MFVSOA)

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Urubuga rwemewe rwa Segs4Vets
* Umusirikare wakomerekejwe na Vietnam-Amerika Umusirikare yakiriye Segway
* Vets yakomeretse Yongera umuvuduko hamwe na Segways
* Umugozi wa Monster na Segs4Vets
* Gahunda ya Segs4Vets izana kugenda, gukira
* Gahunda ya Segs4Vets Yubaha Intwari Zakomeretse
* Segs4Vets itanga Segways kubafite ubumuga
* Gahunda ya Segs4Vets Yubaha Intwari Zakomeretse
* Urugendo rwumusirikare kuva Iraki kugera Scott AFB rwerekana ubutwari, kwiyemeza
* Abakozi ba serivise bakomeretse babona Segways nshya
* Abandi barwanyi 51 bakomeretse bahabwa Segways
* Nyiri Segway Yatanze Segway 1.000 kubarwanyi bakomeretse mbere y'urupfu rwe
Motorized shopping cart

**Ikarita yo guhaha ifite moteri** (izwi kandi nk'igare ryoguhaha r**y'amashanyarazi** ) ni igare ryo guhaha rifite moteri y'amashanyarazi hamwe no gutwara ibintu wahashye. Harimo intebe (ikunze kuba ifite icyicaro cy'imyanya itwara igenda y'imodoka igura moto kuva mu buremere bwa nyirubwite) bityo ikanayigira igare ry'ibimuga, kandi ifite bateri y'umuriro ishobora kwishyurwa mugucomeka mugikoresho mugihe utarimo Koresha kugirango ukoreshe byinshi. Amagare yo kugura moteri atangwa niduka hamwe nandi mangazini manini acururizwamo abafite ubumuga buhoraho cyangwa bw'igihe gito bashobora kugira ikibazo cyo kunyura mububiko bunini cyangwa gusunika igare risanzwe.   

## Ibibazo

Mugihe ubujura bwikarita y'ubucuruzi nabwo bwabaye ikibazo cyinshi k'ubacuruzi, igiciro cyinshi cy'ikinyabiziga gifite moteri bituma ubujura bwabo bukomera cyane kububiko, bityo bigatuma amaduka ashyiraho politiki ibuza ayo magare gusohoka mu bubiko, nubwo umuntu wamugaye ashobora ukeneye kuzana igare kugeza ku modoka yabo.

Muri Gicurasi 2009, umugabo wo muri Foloride yashinjwaga icyaha cyo kwiba igare rifite moteri kubera agaciro ka madorale 2,500. Yafashwe atari kure y'ububiko, atwara igare.  Iyaba igare ridafite amashanyarazi ryibwe, ubujura bwaba ari amakosa .

Muri uko kwezi, abagabo babiri bo muri Caroline yepfo bashinjwaga kwiba igare, kandi nabo bakurikiranyweho icyaha kubera ko gifite agaciro gasaga amadolare 2000. 

### Gukomeretsa

Muri Louisiana mu 2011, ikirego cyatanzwe n’umugore wavuze ko yakomeretse ubwo yakoreshaga igare rifite moteri. Uru rubanza rwasibwe kubera ko uregwa yatanze icyifuzo yemeza ko impanuka n’imvune byatewe n’ibikorwa by’umugore kandi ko adashobora kwikorera umutwaro w’ibimenyetso. Umuyobozi wububiko yahise agerageza igare nyuma yimvune yavuzwe kandi irindi perereza ryakozwe nu mukanishi wububiko na injeniyeri. 

### Uruhushya rwo gukoresha
Habayeho kandi impungenge kubana bato bakoresheje iryo gare. Muri Mutarama 2009, iduka rya Wal Mart muri Tennessee ntiryemereye umukobwa w’imyaka 11 wavunitse ukuguru gukoresha moteri, nubwo yari yemerewe n’andi maduka kuyakoresha.

## Reba kandi

* Hobcart
* Ikimuga
* Ikinyabiziga kigendanwa

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* 
* Patent info for the motorized shopping cart (patent was issued in 1999)
Ubumuga bw'umubiri

**Ubumuga bw'umubiri (Mu [[icyongereza]]: Physical disability),** ni imbogamizi ku mikorere y'umuntu, nko kugenda, kwihuta cyangwa gukomera. Ubundi bumuga bw'umubiri burimo ubumuga bugabanya imikorere y'izindi ngingoz'umubiri mu mikorere y'ubuzima bwa buri munsi, nkindwara zubuhumekero, ubuhumyi, igicuri  n' ubundi burwayi burimo gusinzira byahato na hato.

## Impamvu
Ubumuga bwo kubyara buboneka mbere yo kuvuka. Izi zishobora guterwa n'indwara cyangwa ibintu umubyeyi yagiye ahura na byo igihe atwite, impanuka zo mu nda cyangwa impinja zikura cyangwa indwara zishingiye ku ngirabuzima fatizo(mu **Mu [[icyongereza]]: genetic disorders)**. 

Ubumuga bwa Perinatal buboneka hagati y'ibyumweru bimwe mbere kugeza ibyumweru bine nyuma yo kuvuka mu bantu. Ibi birashobora guterwa no kubura ogisijeni igihe kirekire cyangwa 

guhagarika inzira zubuhumekero, kwangirika kwubwonko mugihe cyo kuvuka (kubera gukoresha impanuka kubwimpanuka, urugero) cyangwa umwana wavutse imburagihe. Ibi birashobora kandi guterwa nuburwayi bwa geneti  cyangwa impanuka.

Ubumuga nyuma yo kuvuka buboneka nyuma yo kuvuka. Birashobora guterwa n'impanuka, ibikomere, umubyibuho ukabije, kwandura cyangwa izindi ndwara. Ibi birashobora kandi guterwa n'uburwayi bwa geneti.

## Ubwoko
Kutagenda neza birimo gutakaza amaguru yo hejuru cyangwa hepfo cyangwa kugabanuka, kutagira intoki, no kwangirika kw'ingingo imwe cyangwa nyinshi z'umubiri. Ubumuga bwo kugenda burashobora kuba ikibazo kavukire cyangwa cyabonye cyangwa ingaruka zindwara. Abantu bafite imiterere ya skeletale nayo iri muriki cyiciro.

Ubumuga bwo kutabona nubundi bwoko bwubumuga bw'umubiri. Hariho abantu ibihumbi amajana n'amajana bafite ibikomere bito bikomeretsa cyangwa bafite ubumuga. Ubu bwoko bwimvune burashobora kandi kuvamo ibibazo bikomeye cyangwa indwara nkubuhumyi nihahamuka. Ubundi bwoko bwubumuga bwo kutabona burimo cornea yashushanyije, gushushanya kuri sclera, indwara zijyanye na diyabete, amaso yumye hamwe na corneal graft, kwangirika kw'imitsi mubusaza no gutandukana kwayo.

Ubumuga bwo k'utumva n'ukumva gake cyangwa kutabasha kumva brundu. Abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva kandi bigoye kumva amajwi y'abantu, bafite umuco ukungahayekandi bafashwa kwiga ururimi rw'amarenga bagamije itumanaho.   Abantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutumva gusa barashobora rimwe na rimwe gukoresha ibikoresho byumva kugirango bongere ubushobozi bwabo bwo kumva. Ubumuga bwo kuvuga no kutavuga: umuntu ufite gutandukana kwimvugo ninzira zindimi ziri hanze yurwego rwo gutandukana kwemerwa mubidukikije kandi bikabuza iterambere ryimibereho cyangwa uburezi.

Ubumuga bw'umubiri bushobora nanone guterwa n'indwara zitera, nko kubura ibitotsi, umunaniro udashira, ububabare budashira, no gufatwa.

## Reba

* Mental disability
* Danielle Gourevitch & Mirko Grmek. (1998). *Les maladies dans l'art antique*, Paris.
* Les maladies dans l'art antique
* Brothwell D (1 January 1986)

## Ubuturo
Vizion Bot Ltd

**Vizion Bot Ltd** n'isosiyete yigenga yanditswe mu kigo cy'iterambere ry’u Rwanda (mu icyongereza: Rwanda Development Board) ku ya 19 Kanama 2019 mu mazina ya Adrien Biziyaremye. Iyi sosiyeti ikora inkoni z'ifasha abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona kuko zikoranye ikoranabuhanga rya sensor ituma babasha kumenya ko bahuye n'umuntu cyangwa ikindi gisitaza cyose bitewe n'ijwi iyo nkoni ihita itanga. 

## Amateka

Igitekerezo cyo gutangiza uruganda cyaje nk'umuti wo gufasha abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona kubona kugenda bonyine. Umushinga wo gukora inkoni ya digitale wambere wakozwe muburyo bwo gufasha abagore babana nubumuga kubona serivisi rusange byari ikibazo cyagaragaye kumunsi mpuzamahanga w’abagore wa 2019. Uyu mushinga wo gukora inkoni ya digitale yatsindiye udushya mu marushanwa y’abagore muri 2019 kandi ahabwa amafaranga kugirango ashobore gutera imbere, aho amafaranga yafashaga mugutezimbere ibicuruzwa kuva murwego rwa mbere rwa prototype kugeza ku nkoni ya mbere yo kugenda ikoreshwa na digitale abantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona.

## Icyerekezo
Vizion Bot Ltd irashaka gutanga inkoni ya digitale kubantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona mu Rwanda no muri Afrika yuburasirazuba bitarenze 2025. Mugukora inkoni igendanwa, bashakaga ko abantu bose bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona bigenga mubikorwa byose hifashishijwe inkoni ya digitale.

## Inshingano
Kugirango abantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona bashobore kugenda bigenga badafite umurinzi bityo bakongera umusaruro mubyo bakora ndetse bakiteza imbere.

## Ishakiro
Bump Nonprofit Design Studio

**Bump idaharanira inyungu Igishushanyo**  cyangwa se **Bump Nonprofit Design Studio** ) ni umuryango udaharanra inyungu ufite icyicaro i Champaign, aho Illinois yaremye amaboko ya prostothique ya OpenSocket . 

## Amateka
Iri ni itsinda ryashinzwe nk'itsinda ry'abanyeshuri ba Illinois Prosthetics Team muri kaminuza ya Illinois muri 2008, ryiyandikishije nk'umuryango udaharanira inyungu witwa Illini Prosthetics Technologies muri 2009 kandi ryabonye 501 c (3) muri 2010.  Muri 2012, umuryango wahinduye izina witwa Bump Nonprofit Design Studio. 

## Gufungura
Ukuboko kwa prostetike ya OpenSocket kwakozwe na Bump kandi ni igikoresho gifasha imyanya yu mubiri gikoreshwa na prositate hamwe na sock gusa gishobora guhinduka.  OpenSocket igizwe ni bintu byoroshye bya plastiki bifunzemo imyenda. Iyi plastike yoroheje igizwe n'ibice bibiri bya plastike ya polyethelene yubucucike butuma igikoresho gihindura ingano nu buryo kugirango uhuze abakoresha batandukanye hamwe na sock imwe. OpenSocket ikoresha ibikoresho bisanzwe hamwe na kabili kugirango itange igenzura ryo gufungura no gufunga igikoresho cya terefone . 

## Reba