Idirishya ry'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona

**Idirishya ry'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona** ni ubwoko bw'idirishya .  Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bw'amadirishya ahuma akoresha sisitemu zitandukanye zo kugenzura. Ubusanzwe idirishya rihumye rigizwe n'ibice byinshi birebire bitambitse cyangwa bihagaritse by'ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibintu bikomeye, harimo ibiti, plastiki cyangwa ibyuma bifatanyirizwa hamwe n imigozi inyura mu bice bihumye bifasha abafite ubumuga. Abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona bahagaze bagenda bakurikirana sisitemu ishobora gukingura no gufunga no kwimuka kuruhande. Abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona kudirishya bashobora gukoreshwa hamwe n'igitabo cya none cyangwa kigenzurwa muguhinduranya uhereye kumwanya ufunguye, hamwe nibisate byashyizwe hanze, kumwanya ufunze aho ibice bifatanye kandi bigahagarika urumuri rwinshi. Hariho kandi ubwoko bwinshi bw'amadirishya atwikiriye, bita igicucu, gikoresha igice kimwe cy'ibintu byoroshye aho gukoresha ibice.

Ijambo idirishya rihumye rishobora no gukoreshwa mugusobanura idirishya ryagutse. Muri iyi miterere idirishya rihumye harimo hafi y'ubwoko bwose bw'idirishya, niba ari ibintu bikomeye cyangwa byoroshye; ni ukuvuga shitingi, igicucu cya roller, igicucu cya selile (nanone bita igicucu cy'ubuki), abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona, igicucu cyAbaroma, impagarike isanzwe, hamwe n'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona batambitse (nanone bita Venetiya). Mu Bwongereza, rimwe na rimwe babita abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona cyangwa ababona igicucu.

## Incamake

Amadirishya ahumye agurishwa nk'ibiteguye cyangwa bikozwe kugirango bipime . Nkuko amazina abigaragaza, amadirishya ahumye yateguwe yakozwe kugira ngo bashyirireho ubunini bushingiye ku bipimo bisanzwe by'idirishya, mu gihe amadirishya ahumye yakozwe mubipimisho yaciwe mubugari bwihariye hanyuma bakamanuka kugira ngo bihuze idirishya. Ibyiza by'amadirishya ahumye yiteguye nukuboneka kwabo n'igiciro, mu gihe idirishya rihumye ryakozwe mu gupima rizaba rihenze ariko rihuye neza nubunini bw'idirishya.

Usibye kuza mubipimo bitandukanye, idirishya rihumye naryo rishobora kuza mu buryo butandukanye, ibikoresho, amabara nuburyo. Hasi n'urutonde rw'uburyo butandukanye buzwi bw'amadirishya ahumye:

* Panel
* Pleated
* Roller
* Roman
* Venetian
* Vertical
* Wooden

Idirishya rihumye rirashobora gushushanywa n'intoki ukoresheje umugozi, cyangwa zikoresha moteri. Igenzura ryidirishya rihumye rifite moteri zishobora kuva k'umurongo w'urukuta cyangwa kugenzura kure, cyangwa mudasobwa, kuvanaho gukenera imigozi no kwemerera kugenzura ubundi idirishya ridashoboka. Amazu menshi agezweho arimo guhuza amadirishya ahumye hamwe na C-Bus ibisubizo hagati. Igenzurwa ritanga ubworoherane bwo gukoresha kandi rifite akamaro mukugenzura imikorere idahwitse kugira ngo igabanye ubushyuhe mu gihe cy'itumba cyangwa kugabanya ubushyuhe buturuka ku zuba mugihe cyizuba. &#x5B; *<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)">citation ikenewe</span>* &#x5D;

## Ubwoko

### Ikibaho
Ikibaho cy'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona, rimwe na rimwe n'ibyakoreshwaga n'Abayapani kuko zishingiye ku kiyapani shōji, ni ikibaho gihumye cyoroshye mu buryo bw'ikibaho bigenda bikurikirana. Imyenda cyangwa impapuro hafi ya zose zirashobora gukoreshwa, nubwo 90% by'ikibaho cya shoji byose bikoresha polyester yera kugira ngo bigane ' washi ' impapuro zabayapani. &#x5B; *<span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (February 2020)">ibisobanuro bikenewe</span>* &#x5D;

### Igicucu cya selile

Igicucu cya selile cyangwa selile ihumye, rimwe na rimwe byitwa igicucu cy'ubuki, ni ubwoko bw'idirishya rihumye rikozwe mu mwenda muremure kandi uhoraho ufite imiterere ya selile iyo ufunguye ukizunguruka ubwazo iyo ufunze. Imyenda ikorwa mu bipapuro byoroshye cyangwa imyenda isa nigitambara kandi iraboneka mu buryo butandukanye burimo selile imwe, selile ebyiri cyangwa selile eshatu. Selile ihumye ikora mu gutega umwuka imbere y'imiterere ya selile imaze gufungura no gukora inzitizi hagati y'idirishya n'icyumba. Bitewe no kutaboneka kw'ibizamini bisanzwe, nta sisitemu yo gutondekanya ibaho kugira ngo igereranye imikorere ya amadirishya ahumye.

Ishami rishinzwe ingufu m'Ubwongereza rivuga ko amadirishya n'inzugi bigera hafi kuri kimwe cya gatatu cy'urugo rwatakaje ubushyuhe bwose.  Ibi bireba gutakaza ubushyuhe mu gihe cy'imbeho kimwe no kwinjiza ubushyuhe butifuzwa mu gihe cy'izuba. Iyo umwuka uri mucyumba uhuye n'amadirishya, irakonja cyangwa igashyuha. Mu cyumba , uyu mwuka noneho uzenguruka icyumba. Imiterere ya selile mu rihumye ifata umwuka wafashwe kandi ikora inzitizi hagati y'idirishya ry'icyumba, bityo bikagabanya ihererekanyabubasha. Igicucu, ariko, gitanga gusa kugenzura gato kwinjira kw'ikirere. 

Mubisanzwe abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona bose, igicucu cya selile kirashobora kugabanya izuba mu gihe cy'izuba kandi bigatanga icyumba cyijimye cyangwa umwijima wo gusinzira. Kimwe n'ubundi buryo bwo kuvura idirishya, burazamurwa kandi bukamanurwa hamwe n'umugozi. Igicucu kitagira ingirabuzimafatizo kirahari kugira ngo kigabanye ibyago byo kuniga abana bato.  Umuntu ashobora kandi kugira uburyo bwo kumanura hejuru yigitutu hasi, cyangwa munsi yigitutu hejuru; mubisanzwe byitwa Hejuru-Hasi-Hasi-Hejuru.

### Roman
Roman shades ni ubwoko bw'idirishya rihumye rikoreshwa mu guhagarika izuba. Nubwo bakunze kwita idirishya rihumye, mu byukuri byitwa "idirishya ry'igicucu" mumadirishya atwikiriye inganda. Bakunze kwitwa (Roman shades) cyangwa amadirishya abafasha abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona mu Bwongereza . Iyo Abanyaroma bakinguye, barundanye; iyo utwikiriye idirishya ryuzuye, biroroshye bitarenze.

Amadirishya ahumye y'Abaroma ashobora kugurwa hamwe n'umukara wijimye inyuma kugira ngo uzimye izuba. Nyamara, hazajya habaho icyuho gito cy'umucyo kumpande z'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona niba gishyizwe imbere mumadirishya cyangwa ukareba inyuma y'amadirishya ahumye niba ishyizwe k'umurongo ukikije idirishya.

Bitandukanye nandi ahumye, nk'imyenda imwe ikoreshwa kuri Roller Shades, Vinyl Vertical amadirishya y'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona, cyangwa idirishya rihumye rya Vinyl Horizontal, Roman Shades ntabwo ari amahitamo meza ku bice bifite ubushuhe bwinshi, nk'ubwiherero cyangwa amadirishya hejuru y'icyari.

### Roller
Roller blinds ni ubwoko bw'amadirishya buhumye busanzwe bukozwe mumyenda ya polyester yazengurutse plasitike cyangwa icyuma. Uruziga rushobora kugaragara cyangwa gufungirwa imbere y'ikadiri kandi rushobora gushyirwa hejuru yikiruhuko cy'idirishya cyangwa hanze yikiruhuko. Kugenzura idirishya rihumye rya roller mubusanzwe hariho urunigi cyangwa umugozi kuruhande rw'idirishya rihumye. Iyo urunigi rw'uruhande rukwegejwe icyerekezo kimwe uruziga ruzamura, kandi niba rukwegejwe mu buryo bunyuranye ruzamanuka aho.

Bamwe mubakora kandi bakora verisiyo ya roller blinds zifite ibice bibiri by'imyenda, rimwe na rimwe byitwa ahumye abiri, kugira ngo bigenzurwe cyane no kuyungurura urumuri binyuze mu madirishya. Mubisanzwe, igipande kimwe kiba gikozwe mumyenda yuzuye ishobora gukoreshwa kugira ngo igabanye urumuri, hamwe nigice cya kabiri gisanzwe kirimo umurongo wirabura kugira ngo ushungurwe cyane mu gihe bibaye ngombwa.

### Venetian
Venetian ni ubwoko bw'amadirishya ahumye bukozwe mu buryo butambitse busanzwe bumanurwa kandi bugashushanywa hamwe mugukuramo umugozi.  Ibice bisanzwe bikozwe hifashishijwe ibikoresho bikomeye nka aluminium, plasitiki, cyangwa ibiti kandi bigenda hamwe binyuze mumurongo winsinga zinyura mu buryo rihumye.

Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 no mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, amadirishya ahumye ya Venetian yemewe cyane cyane mu nyubako z'ibiro kugira ngo ziyobore urumuri n'umwuka mu mazu. Inzu nini igezweho muri Amerika yakiriye amadirishya ahumye ya Venetian ni inyubako ya ( RCA ya Rockefeller Centre) izwi cyane ku nyubako ya Radio City mu mujyi wa New York, yuzuye mu mwaka 1930. Kimwe mu bintu binini byategetswe kumadirishya ahumyue ya Venetian zigeze gushyirwaho ni i Burlington Venetian Blind Co, ya Burlington, muri Vermont, yatangaga amadirishya ahumye  ku madirishya y’inyubako ya Leta y'Ubwami mu mujyi wa New York.  

Mu mwaka 1994, igishushanyo cy’amadirishya ahumye yo muri Venetiya yahujwe n’ibirahuri by'idirishya. Ubu bwoko bushya bw'amadirishya ahumye bunesha ibibazo bijyanye no kwangiza no gukora nabi. Mubisanzwe, magnesi zikoreshwa mugukwirakwiza moteri kugira ngo ubungabunge kashe imbere yikirahure. &#x5B; *<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation ikenewe</span>* &#x5D;

### Vertical

Bitandukanye n'amadirishya ahumye atambitse, amadirishya ahumye ahagaritse ntashobora kwegeranya umukungugu kuko ahagaze neza. Kubera ko bashushanya kuruhande aho guterura no kumanura, biroroshye kandi byihuse gukora. Bakora neza kumiryango ya patio no kunyerera idirishya ritembera kuruhande. Mu myaka ya za 70, hari amahitamo make yimyenda ubusanzwe beige cyangwa umweru, yagombaga gushyirwamo imbaraga kugira ngo ikumire, aho nko kumyenda ihuma ariko ikoresha umwenda mwinshi.

Amadirishya ahumye ahagaritse yabonetse muri plasitiki iringaniye (PVC), fabric, embossed PVC ishushanyijeho, na S-curved slats. Ihinduka rigezweho ni ukubaha ibiti byo hejuru no hepfo rimwe na rimwe hagati kandi ibi bisobanurwa nk  Abayapani Vertical blinds 'kubera ko akenshi bihuzwa n'Ubuyapani bwa Shoji buhumyi ukoresheje ibiti bimwe. Impumyi zihagaritse kwamamara cyane mu Bwongereza mu myaka ya za 90, kuva icyo gihe ibicuruzwa byagabanutse kuko byatakaje icyamamare hamwe n’abakiri bato.

Amadirishya ahumye ahagaritse amanikwa kumuryango w'amazu nubucuruzi bimwe na bimwe usanga umuryango ufunguye. Kwimuka kw'amadirishya ahumye bishobora kwerekana impinduka z'umuyaga, cyangwa umuntu winjira m'umuryango. Mubisanzwe, ariko, amadirishya ahumye ahagaritse akozwe muri plasitiki yuzuye. Mu byumba bikonje by'ubucuruzi bw'ibiribwa, ibi bidindiza ubushyuhe mucyumba gikonje. Mu bihe bishyushye, amadirishya ahumye ahagaritse abuza isazi n’utundi dukoko kwinjira mu nyubako. Mu turere tumwe na tumwe two mu Bwongereza amadirishya ahumye akoreshwa mu guhisha ko ibiro bifite PC muri byo kandi bigakoreshwa mu gukumira ubujura.

### Ibindi
Ubundi bwoko bw'iamadirishya ahumye zirimo amadirishya mato (mubisanzwe aluminium, Venetiyani-Style amadirishya ahumye afite uduce duto cyane, mubisanzwe  ubugari), amadirishya mato (mubisanzwe  ubugari), louvers, jalousies, brise soleil hamwe pleated blinds. .

## Ibikoresho
Amadirishya y'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona ashobora gukorwa mubikoresho bitandukanye; bimwe bihenze nibindi bike.amadirishya ahumye ahenze bisanzwe akorwa muri polyester, aluminium, cyangwa PVC. Ibi n'ibikoresho bihendutse byose byoroshye kuboneka nyamara biramba mu gihe kimwe.

Idirishya rihumye nu buryo bwo kwerekana idirishya, kugera kubisubizo bisa kubiboneka muguhuza umwenda. Amadirishya ahumye mubisanzwe ni ubugari n'uburebure nk'idirishya ubwaryo cyangwa ryagutse gato kandi rirerire ukurikije niba ryashyizwe imbere (Ikiruhuko) cyangwa hanze (Facefix) idirishya ryerekana (ni ukuvuga ikiruhuko cy'urukuta kirimo idirishya ubwaryo ryaba rishyizwemo).

Amadirishya ahumye afite ingaruka zitandukanye z'ubushyuhe, zishobora guhagarika ubushyuhe butifuzwa n'izuba kandi zishobora kugumana ubushyuhe mu gihe cy'ubukonje. Ariko muri ibyo byombi, bigabanya kandi urumuri ku rwego rutandukanye, bitewe n'igishushanyo. Ubwoko bwinshi bw'amadirishya ahumye bugerageza gutandukanya uburinganire n'igicucu. Amadirishya ahumye ashobora gukorwa mubikoresho byinshi kandi bigakorwa muburyo butandukanye. Ibi mubisanzwe bigena izina amadirishya ahumye azwiho.

### Fabric
Bumwe mu bwoko bw'amadirishya y'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona (ubundi zitwa "igicucu") akozwe mu mwenda ashobora kuzunguruka (ku muyoboro; Roller shades), kuzingirwa (Roman shades) cyangwa gusunikwa mu buryo bwa bordone (Pleated and Cellular shades). Imyenda myinshi ikoreshwa harimo ipamba, polyester, ubwoya, viscose na silk kugira ngo ikore kuburyo buhumye. Igitambara c'ubudodo kirashobora kuba gihari cyangwa kudoda, bizatanga imyenda itandukanye.

### Igiti

#### Amadirishya ahumye y'imbaho (Venetian blinds)
Ibiti by'amadirishya nk'iby'amadirishya ya Venetian. Umubare w'ibiti bitambitse by'imbaho bifatanyirijwe hamwe nu mugozi ushobora guteranya ibice byose hejuru y'idirishya kugira ngo ugaragaze ibiboneka cyangwa uhagarike gusa ibice mu gihe urumuri runaka rugenda runyuze mu madirishya ahumye nyamara rukagumana urwego runaka rw'ibanga. Amadirishya ahumye akoze mu giti kiza mu mubare wuzuye (ugenwa n'ubwoko bw'ibiti byakoreshejwe, biva ku irangi kugeza ku bwoko bwinshi bw'amoko akomeye) n'ubunini (bigenwa n'ubugari bwa buri kibanza gikunze kuboneka muri bumwe mu bugari butatu - 25&nbsp;mm, 35&nbsp;mm cyangwa 50&nbsp;mm). Amadirishya ahumye y'imbaho za Venetian nayo aboneka nkahumye ahagaritse. Ubusanzwe ibyo bigizwe nibice bigari kandi bigakora mu buryo bumwe na bagenzi babo batambitse (nukuvuga aho gushushanya hejuru kugira ngo bagaragaze idirishya, bashushanya kuruhande rumwe bateranyiriza m'umurongo uhagaze).

#### Pinoleum blinds
Amadirishya ahumye ya pinusi agizwe n'uduti duto tw'ibiti dushyizwe kuri horizontal duhujwe nu mugozi uhagaze. Ububoshyi bwavuyemo, nk'igisubizo, gusa buhindagurika kandi bushobora gushushanywa hejuru iyo bumaze gukorwa nk'amadirishya ahumye ya roller cyangwa mu buryo busa n'ahumye ya Venetian. Amadirishya ahumye ya conservateur zikorwa kenshi na Pinoleum.

Muri Maleziya, amadirishya ahumye yo hanze rimwe na rimwe yitwa "chik". Ijambo ryakuwe mu Buhinde n’abongereza mu gihe cy'abakoloni.

### Faux wood
Amadirishya ahumye y'inkwi za faux n'ubundi buryo bwo guhuma ibiti. Ibiti bya faux bizwi kandi mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe nka Plaswood (Plastike & Wood). Ikozwe mu bikoresho byakozwe n'abantu hamwe n'ibiti bisanzwe, ibiti bya faux bishobora guhitamo ibihenze kuruta ibiti bisanzwe. Amadirishya ahumye amaze kumenyekana cyane kuko ibicuruzwa bimaze gukura, bigenda bihendutse kandi bihindagurika icyarimwe bitanga byinshi mu biti bisanzwe. Amadirishya ahumye y'imbaho zubu zishobora guhangana n'intambara, zifite UV zingana na 500 kandi ziza mumabara, byagorana kubona mubihumye by'ibiti bisanzwe. Kubera ko barwanya kurwara, ahumye amadirishya y'ibiti bikwiranye nibice bifite ubushyuhe bukabije cyangwa ubuhehere bukabije, nk'ubwiherero nigikoni.
Dosiye:Faux_Wood_Blinds.jpg|alt=Faux wood blinds in use.|Amadirishya ahumye y'inkwi n'ahumye akoreshwa.
Dosiye:Basswood-Vs-Plaswood-Faux-Compared.JPG|alt=Basswood compared to plaswood/faux wood.| Basswood compared to plaswood faux wood.


### Ibindi bikoresho

Ihumye ya Venetiya, yombi yitambitse kandi ahagaritse, araboneka mubikoresho byinshi byakozwe n'abantu (bisa n'ibiti cyangwa ibyuma cyangwa plasitiki gusa). Ibi bikwiranye n’ahantu ubushuhe cyangwa guhura n’amazi bishobora gutera ikibazo, nkubwiherero n'igikoni. amadirishya ahumye akunze kuboneka hamwe na micro slate (ntoya nka 16 mm cyangwa munsi). Igisubizo cy'ibice bito ni uko byinshi bigomba gukoreshwa kugira ngo uhishe idirishya burundu. ahumye ya konserwatori (ni ukuvuga igisenge cyashyizweho hakoreshejwe umubare utambitse wa (horizontal) akenshi bikozwe mubikoresho byakozwe n'abantu.

## Umutekano
Amadirishya ahumye afunze idirishya agaragaza ingaruka zo kuniga abana, bigatuma muri Amerika hapfa abantu 184 hagati y'umwaka 1996 na 2012.  Kwibuka idirishya ritwikiriye ibicuruzwa ntabwo byagabanije cyane umubare wimpfu kuva mu mwaka 1980. Ibikoresho bya Retrofit byakoreshejwe kuva mu mwaka 1995 kugira ngo "bigabanye" ibyago byo kuniga; ariko, abana banizwe ku bikoresho bya retrofit kuva mu mwaka 1995.  CPSC yo muri Amerika irasaba gukoresha idirishya ridafite umugozi cyangwa idirishya ridafite aho abana baba cyangwa basuye.  Kubifuniko by'idirishya bikoresha sisitemu ikomeza-izunguruka, nk'amadirishya ahumye ahagaritse, uruzitiro rw'urukuta rushobora gukoreshwa mu guhuza umugozi neza kurukuta kandi bikabuza abana kutabona umugozi wimanitse. Idirishya rihumye ibice bifatanyirizwa hamwe n'insinga zemerera kugoreka ibice, kuzamura cyangwa kumanura, kandi birashobora guteza akaga iyo bidakabije. Nukwiyongeraho kwirinda, guhagarika umugozi bigomba gushyirwaho neza kandi bigahinduka kugira ngo bigabanye kugenda kw'imigozi y'imbere. 

## Vehicle blinds

Imodoka zimwe zirimo cyangwa zashyizwemo amadirishya y'abatabona z'izuba ku madirishya y'inyuma. Reba kandi ikirahure cy'imodoka . Ay'abatabona zikoreshwa mukurinda ikinyabiziga n'abagenzi izuba ryinshi.

Igicucu cy'imodoka nubundi buryo busanzwe bwo kurinda ikinyabiziga. Igicucu cy'inyuma y'imbere cyagenewe gukingurwa no kwicara imbere y'idirishya. Bishobora kuba bikozwe muri plasitiki cyangwa ikarito. Igicucu kijya kumadirishya k'uruhande rw'ikinyabiziga gisanzwe gifatanye ukoresheje ibikombe cyangwa gufatana neza.

## Ikarita

Dosiye:Blinds-Aluminium-50mm-Kitchen.JPG|alt=Roller blinds installed in kitchen|Roller blinds mu mugikoni
Dosiye:Track_blind.jpg|alt=Close-up of a track blind (also known as vertical drapes)|Close-up of track blind (bizwi kandi nka vertical drape)
Dosiye:Vert-blinds-2145-rs.jpg|alt=Track Blind|Track blind
Dosiye:Jalousie-1.jpg|alt=Blind with horizontal slats also known as Venetian Blind|Blind holizontal bizwi kandi nk'amadirisha ahumye ya Venetian
Dosiye:Miniblinds_detail_of_mechanism.jpg|alt=Detail of turning rod (blind stick) attachment on miniblind|Detail of turning rod (inkoni ihumye) umugereka kuri miniblind
Dosiye:Roller_blind_(window_blind).jpg|A roller blind on a door as a perfect fit roller blind
Dosiye:Friends_Towers,_Munich,_June_2019.jpg|alt=Facade of a modern residential building with automated blinds|Isura y'inyubaka igezweho yo guturamo amadirishya zikoresha


## Amashakiro