Switch access scanning

Switch access scanning  ni tekinike cyangwa uburyo guhitamo butaziguye bukoresha buto bwihariye, bwifashishwa n'abakoresha ikoranabuhanga ribafasha kuvuga cyangwa kuganira. (AAC), kugirango bahitemo ibintu bivuye mu rwego rwo guhitamo.    Igipimo cyo gusikana kinyura mu bintu werekana buri kintu kuri ecran (ni ukuvuga, scanning visual), cyangwa mugutangaza buri kintu ukoresheje amajwi asohoka (nukuvuga, gusikana amajwi), hanyuma uyikoresha agakora switch kugirango ahitemo ikintu.   Umuvuduko nuburyo bwo gusikana, kimwe nuburyo ibintu byatoranijwe, byashyizwe mubushobozi bwumubiri, amashusho nubwenge bwumukoresha.  Mugihe hashobora kubaho impamvu zitandukanye zo gukoresha scanne, ibisanzwe ni ubumuga bwumubiri bigatuma igabanuka rya moteri kugirango uhitemo neza.   Itumanaho mugihe cyo gusikana riratinda kandi ridakorwa neza kuruta guhitamo no gusikana bisaba ubuhanga bwo kumenya (urugero, kwitondera ).   Gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rishingiye ku buryo bwa "scanning" bifasha umuntu kugira ubwigenge mu gukoresha ibikoresho bimufasha, cyane cyane ku bafite gusa igice kimwe gishobora kugenda ku bushake. 

## Uburyo bwo Gusikana

A scanning pattern yerekana uburyo ibintu biri mu itsinda rihitwamo bishyirwaho imbere y'umukoresha. Bituma guhitamo ibintu byoroha kuko uburyo bwo gusaka bukorwa mu buryo butunganye kandi bworoshye gusobanukirwa.  Uburyo butatu bwo gusikana burahari ni:

* Mu *gusikana kuzenguruka*, ibintu byihariye bitondekanye muruziga (nkumubare uri kumasaha yisaha) kandi icyerekezo cyo gusikana kigenda muruziga kugirango gisikane ikintu kimwe icyarimwe. Nubwo gusikana kuzenguruka bisaba ibintu bigaragara, nuburyo bworoshye bwo gusikana kuko byoroshye kumenya neza.  
* *Mugusikana kumurongo*, ibintu mubisanzwe bitondekanijwe muri gride kandi icyerekezo cyo gusikana kinyura muri buri kintu muri buri murongo kuri gahunda.  Nubwo gusikana kumurongo bisaba ubwenge cyane kuruta gusikana uruziga, biroroshye kandi byoroshye kwiga. 
* Mu *matsinda-ibintu byo gusikana*, ibintu bishyizwe hamwe (urugero, kumurongo, inkingi, cyangwa ibindi byiciro bifite ireme) kandi ibipimo byo kubisikana bizabanza gusikana mumatsinda. Iyo scaneri imaze guhitamo itsinda ikintu yifuza ni icya, icyerekezo cyo gusikana kizasikana buri kintu mumatsinda yatoranijwe. Muburyo butandukanye bwitsinda-ibintu byo gusikana, ibisanzwe ni *umurongo-inkingi gusikana* aho ibintu byashyizwe kumurongo.  

## Ubuhanga bwo kugenzura

Igenzura rya scan hamwe nibintu byatoranijwe bibaho binyuze muri enterineti muburyo butatu:

* Mu *cyerekezo (cyangwa inverse) gusikana*, icyerekezo kizasikana gusa muburyo bwateganijwe mugihe umukoresha afite icyerekezo. Guhitamo bikorwa iyo switch irekuwe.  
* Mu *gusikana mu buryo bwikora (busanzwe cyangwa bwahagaritswe)*, icyerekezo gisikana muburyo bwateganijwe kandi ibintu byatoranijwe bibaho mugihe scaneri ikubise.  
* *Muntambwe yo gusikana*, uyikoresha agenzura buri rugendo (cyangwa intambwe) yerekana icyerekezo cyo gusikana binyuze muburyo bwateganijwe mukubita switch. Guhitamo ikintu, umukoresha wa AAC akubita icyerekezo cya kabiri iyo icyerekezo kigeze kubintu yifuza. Kubera guhora uhinduranya ibikorwa, ubu buryo bushobora kuba bunaniza cyane kuri scaneri zimwe, harimo nabafite Amyotrophique latal sclerose, ariko biroroshye kubimenya.