Gustav Adolf von Götzen

**Gustav Adolf Graf von Götzen** (12 Gicurasi 1866 - 1 Ukuboza 1910) yari umushakashatsi w’Ubudage, umuyobozi w’abakoloni, n’umusirikare mukuru wabaye Reichskommissari wo muri Afurika y’Uburasirazuba bw’Ubudage . Yaje mu Rwanda muri 1894 abaye Umunyaburayi wa kabiri winjiye muri ako karere, kuva urugendo rwa Oscar Baumann rugufi muri 1892, hanyuma, abaye Umunyaburayi wa mbere wambutse akarere kose k'u Rwanda, akamenya umuco ndetse n'ibikoresho bikoshwa Rwanda.

Mu gihe cyo kwigomeka kwa Maji Maji yo muri 1905, Götzen yategetse ko Schutztrupe kurwanya amoko menshi yo muri Afurika yigometse mu bukoloni bwabo, ahosha iyo myigaragambyo. Inyeshyamba n'inzara byakurikiyeho byahitanye abantu bagera ku 300.000.

## Ubuzima bwambere nuburere
Count von Götzen yavukiye mu muryango usanzwe aho batuye, Ikibuga cya Scharfenecke, icyo gihe mu Bwami bwa Prussia . Muri Polonye y'ubu kandi ubu yitwa Sarny Castle, igihome n'ingoro yegeranye, hamwe na shapeli yo mu gihome ashobora kuba yarabatirijwemo, iracyahari nubwo imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo idasenyutse mugihe cya gikomunisiti .

Von Götzen yize amategeko muri kaminuza za Paris, Berlin na Kiel hagati yo muri  1884 na 1887. Nyuma yinjiye mu gisirikare, aba ( muri  1887 ) Liyetona mu mutwe wa 2 wa Garde-Ulanen. Hagati ya 1890 na 1891 yashyizwe i Roma kandi niho yakuye urugendo rwe rwa mbere muri Afurika, mu rugendo rwo guhiga ku musozi wa Kilimanjaro .

Muri 1892, Götzen amaze kugirwa umusirikare mu ishuri ry’Intambara, yagiye mu bwami bwa Ottoman hamwe na Major Walther von Diest .

## Umwuga wa gisirikare

### 1892 - 1896: Ingendo muri Afrika
Kuva muri 1885, Carli Peters yari yatangiye gusaba Ubudage uturere twa Afurika y'Iburasirazuba . Inkombe ya Tanganyikan byagaragaye ko byoroshye, ariko kwigarurira uduce tw’imbere mu bukoloni - kugeza muri Kongo no y’Ababiligi,  byari bigoye cyane kuko ibice binini byari bitaracukumburwa. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Götzen yayoboye urugendo rwo gusaba izo mpande. Yajyanye na Georg von Prittwitz na Hermann Kerstinga .

Itsinda ryahagurutse i Pangani, ku nkombe ya Tanganyikan, ku ya 21 Ukuboza 1893. Nyuma yo kunyura mu turere twa Maasai, amaherezo bahageze, ku ya 2 Gicurasi 1894, ku isoko ya Rusumo ku ruzi rwa Kagera. Mu kwambuka uruzi, iryo tsinda ryinjiye mu Bwami bw'u Rwanda, icyo gihe, bwari bumwe mu bwami bwateguwe kandi bukomatanyije muri ako karere. Götzen abaye Umunyaburayi wa kabiri wakandagiye mu Rwanda kuva Oscar Baumann yo mu 1892. Itsinda rye ryanyuze mu Rwanda, bahura na umwami Kigeli IV Rwabugili ku ngoro ye i Kageyo, amaherezo bagera mu kiyaga cya Kivu, mu burengerazuba bw'ubwami.

Götzeni amaze guhura no kuzamuka mu misozi ya Virunga, yahisemo gukomeza iburengerazuba anyuze mu mashyamba ya Kongo. Bashyizeho umwete mwinshi, bashoboye kugera ku mugezi wa Kongo ku ya 21 Nzeri, hanyuma bakurikiraho hepfo, amaherezo bagera ku nyanja ya Atalantika ku ya 29 Ugushyingo. Muri Mutarama 1895, Götzen yasubiye mu Budage.

### Serivisi muri Amerika: 1896 - 1901
Hagati yo muri  1896 na 1898 Götzen yakoraga nka attaché i Washington, DC, kandi yabaye indorerezi hamwe na Theodore Roosevelt mu gihe cy'Intambara ya Espagne na Amerika . Igihe Götzen yari ahari, yakunze umupfakazi w’umunyamerika wa William Matthews Lay ( 1845-1893 ), Gicurasi Loney ( 1857-1931 ), aramurongora. Babyaranye umukobwa witwa Wanda Luise von Götzen, muri 1898.   Nyuma yaho, yinjiye mu bakozi bakuru b'ingabo i Berlin, aho yazamuwe mu 1900 agirwa ipeti rya Kapiteni .

### Ubudage bwa Afurika y'Iburasirazuba na Maji Maji Kwigomeka: 1901-1906
Bitewe n'ubumenyi bw'imiterere yaho, Götzen yagizwe guverineri wa Afurika y'Iburasirazuba muri Werurwe 1901. Hari hamaze kwigomeka ku baturage kavukire mu myaka ya za 1880 na 1890, maze mu 1905 Götzen ahura n'ikibazo cyo kwigomeka Maji Maji, cyahise gifata hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'abakoloni. Ibi byari bisa n'uburemere bw'intambara ya Herero ibera muri Afurika y'epfo - Uburengerazuba bw'Ubudage, ariko abaturage bo mu Budage ntibabonye. Götzen yohereje imbaraga, kandi ahagarika kwigomeka ku ngufu. Nk’uko amakuru abigaragaza, ingabo za Götzen zabuze Abanyaburayi 15 n'abasirikare 389 bo muri Afurika. Ikigereranyo cy’imibare y’Abanyafurika bazize inzara nyuma y’imyivumbagatanyo kuva ku 75.000, kugeza ku 100 120.000, kugeza 300.000, bitewe n’inkomoko yabajijwe. 

Ku ya 14 Kamena 1906, Götzen yaje gusubira mu Budage nyuma yo gutanga raporo ku biro by’ububanyi n’amahanga agaragaza icyo yemera ko ari cyo cyateje ubwigomeke bwa Maji Maji. Ibiro by’ububanyi n’amahanga byifuzaga kwirinda amahano y’abakoloni, byemeye raporo ya Götzen, maze asezera ku buryo bugaragara kubera ubuzima bubi.  Nyuma y’izabukuru, guverinoma y’Ubudage yatangiye gucunga umutungo wayo mu mahanga iyobowe n’abasivili.

## Ubuzima bwa nyuma
Umwuga wa diplomasi Götzen wari hafi kurangira nyuma yo gukora nka Guverineri. Mu ntangiriro ya 1907, yahawe umwanya muto w’intumwa y’Ubudage i Hamburg aho imirimo ye yari ikubiyemo ahanini guherekeza Kaiser banyuze mu mujyi. Aka kazi koroheje kahaye Götzen amahirwe yo gusohora igitabo *DEUTSCH OSTAFRIKA IM AUFSTAND, 1905 - 1906* . Muri bwo, yagerageje kwerekana impamvu yagize uruhare mu kwigomeka kwa Maji Maji n'impamvu zatumye asubiza kugira ngo ahoshe ubwo bwigomeke. Iki gitabo cyaje gusohoka mu 1909. Götzen yari agishishikajwe na politiki ya gikoroni y'Ubwami bw'Ubudage; yari umwe mu bagize komite y’umuryango w’abakoloni b’Abadage kugeza apfuye ku ya 1 Ukuboza 1910 mu bitaro by’i Schöneberg hafi ya Berlin.  Umugore we yamurushije imyaka irenga makumyabiri. Bashyinguwe hamwe mu irimbi rya Ohlsdorfer i Hamburg. 

## Umurage
Ubwato bw’abagenzi bw’Abadage *Graf von Götzen* bwitiriwe Götzen kandi bukoreshwa mu rwego rw’intambara z’Ubudage ku kiyaga cya Tanganyika mu Ntambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose. Yakuwe muri Nyakanga 1916 ku munwa w’uruzi rwa Malagarasi kugira ngo atagwa mu maboko y’Ababiligi. ingabo. Muri 1924, abitegetswe na Winston Churchill, ibikorwa byo gukiza byakozwe na *Royal Navy* byagize uruhare mu kongera ubwato maze mu 1927 asubira ku kazi nka *MV Liemba* kandi n'ubu aracyakora nk'ubwato butwara abagenzi. 

## Ibyanditswe na Götzen

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* *Deutsch-Ostafrika im Aufstand 1905/06*. Berlin ( 1909). English translation: *[https://www.academia.edu/40005638/German_East_Africa_in_Rebellion_1905_06_Deutsch_Ostafrika_im_Aufstand_1905_06_The_History_of_the_Maji_Maji_Rebellion_in_Tanzania_written_by_the_German_Colonial_Governor_Count_Gustav_Adolf_von_G%C3%B6tzen_translated_into_English German East Africa in Rebellion, 1905/06]* (2019).

## Ibindi gusoma

* Reinhart Bindseil: *Ruanda im Lebensbild des Offiziers, Afrikaforschers und Kaiserlichen Gouverneurs Gustav Adolf Graf von Götzen (1866–1910).* *Mit einem Abriss über bapfa zeitgenössischen Forschungsreisenden Franz Stuhlmann, Oscar Baumann, Richard Kandt, Adolf Friedrich Herzog zu Mecklenburg und Hans Meyer* . Berlin 1992. ISBN&nbsp;

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

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* Newspaper clippings about Gustav Adolf von Götzen in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW