Ubumuga bugira ingaruka mubushobozi bwubwenge

Iki ni igitekerezo cyagutse gikubiyemo impamvu zitandukanye zakangiza ubwenge cyangwa imitekerereze yamuntu, harimo ubumuga bw'ubwenge (bwahoze bwitwa *retardation mental* ). 

## Ubumuga bwo mu mutwe
Ubumuga bwo mu mutwe, buzwi kandi nk'ubumuga *bwo kwiga muri rusange*,  kandi mbere buzwi ku izina ryo *kudindira mu mutwe* (ijambo ubu rifatwa nk'ibitutsi ),   Imyitwarire igaragara mbere yo gukura. Mu mateka yasobanuwe nk'amanota ya Intelligence Quotient (IQ) munsi yimyaka 70, ariko ubu busobanuro burimo ibice byombi bijyanye n'imikorere yo mumutwe ndetse nibijyanye n'ubuhanga bwimikorere y'abantu mubidukikije, bityo IQ ntabwo arimpamvu yonyine.

Ubumuga bwo mu mutwe bugomba kuba bwaragaragaye mugihe cyiterambere, ntabwo ari mukuru. Ibinyuranye, abantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutamenya, cyangwa mbere bari bafite IQ isanzwe ikora neza, ariko noneho bagaragaza urujijo, kwibagirwa n'ingorabahizi kwibanda; ubumuga bwo kutamenya busanzwe bukomeretsa ubwonko, ingaruka ziterwa n'imiti, no guta umutwe.

## Ubumuga bwihariye bwo kwiga
Ubumuga bwihariye bwo kwiga ni mubyiciro birimo imvururu nyinshi aho umuntu agira ikibazo cyo kwiga muburyo busanzwe, akenshi biterwa n'impamvu cyangwa ibintu bitazwi, ariko rimwe na rimwe biterwa n'ubwonko cyangwa ibindi bibazo byubuvuzi.   Bitandukanye nubundi bumuga bw'ubwenge, ntabwo bwerekana urwego rw'ubwenge rusange, kandi abahanga benshi kubwibyo ntibabona ko ari ubumuga bw'ubwenge nyabwo. Ahubwo, abantu bafite ubumuga bwihariye bwo kwiga bafite ikibazo cyo gukora ubwoko bw'ubuhanga bw'ubwenge cyangwa niba bwigishijwe muburyo busanzwe. Ubumuga bwihariye bwo kwiga ntibushobora gukira cyangwa gukosorwa, ariko ingaruka zirashobora kugabanywa hakoreshejwe ingamba zitandukanye zo kwiga.

## Gukomeretsa ubwonko
Gukomeretsa ubwonko (ABI) ni kwangirika kwubwonko guterwa nibyabaye nyuma yo kuvuka, aho kuba mubice byindwara cyangwa ivuka. Mubisanzwe bigira ingaruka kumikorere, mumubiri, amarangamutima, imibereho cyangwa yigenga. ABIs ishobora guturuka ku gukomeretsa ubwonko cyangwa gukomeretsa bidahungabana nka stroke, kwandura cyangwa kunywa ibiyobyabwenge. Ibisobanuro byinshi bya ABI ukuyemo indwara ya neurodegenerative disorders. 

Abantu bafite ikibazo cyubwonko barashobora kugira ikibazo cyo kugenzura, guhuza no kumenyekanisha ibitekerezo byabo nibikorwa byabo. Bashobora cyangwa ntibashobora kugumana ubushobozi bwabo bwubwenge, bitewe nubwoko bwimvune. Nyamara, ubushobozi bwubwenge bwumuntu ufite ikibazo cyubwonko bushobora kubangamirwa no guhuza ibitekerezo hamwe ningorane zo gutumanaho, ibyo bikaba bishobora kubagora kwigaragaza muburyo bwumvikana kubandi. Ibi birashobora gutanga ibitekerezo byibinyoma byubwenge bwangiritse no mubantu bafite ubushobozi busanzwe bwubwenge.

## Indwara zifata ubwonko
Indwara zifata ubwonko zose zirimo gutakaza buhoro buhoro imiterere cyangwa imikorere ya neuron, harimo nurupfu rwa neuron. Indwara nyinshi zifata ubwonko zirimo Parkinson, Alzheimer, na Huntington zibaho bitewe na neurodegenerative. Mugihe ubushakashatsi bugenda butera imbere, ibintu byinshi bisa bigaragara bifitanye isano nizi ndwara kurwego ruto. Kuvumbura ibyo bisa bitanga ibyiringiro byiterambere ryubuvuzi rishobora gukiza indwara nyinshi icyarimwe.

## Kubaho ufite ubumuga bwo kumenya
Ubushakashatsi bwerekana akamaro ko guha abafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe ubundi buryo hamwe n’aho bumva ko barimo kandi bashobora kwerekana ibisobanuro byabo bwite byubushobozi nicyo ari "ibisanzwe." 

## Indanganturo