Paul Rusesabagina

**Paul Rusesabagina** (wavutse ku ya 15 Kamena 1954) ni ikiremwamuntu cyo mu Rwanda  , mu gihe yakoraga nk'umuyobozi wa hoteri , yahishe kandi arinda impunzi z’Abahutu n’Abatutsi mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe mu Rwanda . Muri izo mpunzi nta n'umwe muri bo wakomeretse cyangwa ngo yicwe. Yabaye umuyobozi wungirije wa Sabena uzwi cyane muri Hôtel des Mille Collines nyuma yo kuba umuyobozi wa Hôtel des Diplomates, bombi mu murwa mukuru w’u Rwanda . Mu gihe cya jenoside yakoresheje uruhare rwe n’umuhuza nk'umuyobozi w’agateganyo wa Hôtel des Mille Collines kugira ngo abuze abatutsi kwicwa *n’interahamwe* .

Imbaraga za Rusesabagina nizo zashingiweho mu gihembo cya Akademiki cyitiriwe Filime *Hotel Rwanda* (2004), aho yagaragajwe n’umukinnyi w’umunyamerika Don Cheadle. 

## Amavuko n'umwuga
Rusesabagina yabyawe na se w'Abahutu na nyina w'Abatutsi i Murama, mu Rwanda. Yari afite abandi bavukana umunani kandi ntabwo yari mukuru cyangwa umuto. Byari bimenyerewe kugira imiryango ivanze nubwo hari amakimbirane hagati y'Abahutu n'Abatutsi; kimwe n'indi miryango, Paul n'umuryango we ntibitaye kubyo batekereza.

Ababyeyi ba Rusesabagina bamwohereje ku ishuri mu mujyi uri hafi ya Gitwe ; ishuri ryayoborwaga n'Itorero ry'Abadiventisti b'umunsi wa Karindwi . Afite imyaka umunani yashoboraga gusoma no kuvuga igifaransa, kandi afite imyaka cumi n'itatu yashoboraga gusoma no kuvuga icyongereza.

Mu myaka ye y'ubwangavu, Rusesabagina yashakaga gukurikirana inyungu ze mu itorero ryitabira seminari kugira ngo abe umukozi. Yashimishijwe kandi n'umukobwa w'umupasitori nyafurika w'itorero ry'Abadiventisti b'umunsi wa Karindwi, Reverend Sembeba. Yitwa Esiteri, maze ku ya 8 Nzeri 1967 barashyingiranwa atangira kujya mu ishami rya tewolojiya mu gihugu cya Kameruni kugira ngo abe minisitiri.

Ukuboza 1978, we, umugore we n'abana babiri bimukiye i Kigali. Igihe yari ahari, inshuti yo mu bwana, Isaac Mulihano, yatumiye Rusesabagina gusaba akazi muri Milles Collines aho Mulihano yakoraga n'aho hafungura. Yabaye indashyikirwa muri hoteri, nyuma yoherezwa mu Busuwisi na Bruxelles aho yize byinshi ku bijyanye n’ibyokurya, kubika ibitabo, ubupfura, gucunga imishahara, uburyo bwo gutegura intego z’inzego, n’uburyo bwo guha akazi n’abakozi bashinzwe kuzimya umuriro. Icyakora, umurimo we uhoraho watumaga atandukana n'umugore we Esiteri. Batandukanye mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko mu 1981 kandi yemerewe kurera burundu abana babo batatu: Diane, Lys, na Roger.

Mu 1987, yatumiwe mu bukwe aho yahuriye na Tatiana, umuja w’icyubahiro n’umuforomokazi w’abatutsi i Ruhengeri . Rusesabagina yemerewe n'umukiriya wa Milles Collines, Minisitiri w’ubuzima, kugira ngo Tatiana yimurirwe ku kazi mu bitaro bikuru bya Kigali. Tatiana na Paul bashakanye nyuma yimyaka ibiri arera abana be. Nyuma, babyaranye umuhungu, Tresor.

Mu 1992, Paul Rusesabagina yazamuwe kuba umuyobozi wungirije wa hoteri mushiki wa Milles Collines witwa Diplomates Hotel; aya mahoteri yari afite ihuriro ry’abasuwisi n’Ababiligi Sabena.

## Itsembabwoko ryo mu Rwanda
Mu Rwanda, mu gihe Paul yarimo yiga i Nairobi , mu Busuwisi , no mu Buruseli , guverinoma yiganjemo Abahutu ya Perezida Juvénal Habyarimana yahuye n'igitutu cy'ingabo z'inyeshyamba zari ziyobowe n'Abatutsi igihe zageragezaga gukomeza ubutegetsi bwazo. Machetes yarategetswe azanwa mu murwa mukuru ahabwa Interahamwe ; mu gihe abatutsi barimo kuvangura, ibihuha byazanywe na radiyo RTLM byasobanuye ko abatutsi bashakaga kwica Abahutu bose.

Ku ya 6 Mata 1994, indege ya Perezida Habyarimana yarashwe na misile ziva mu kirere ubwo yegeraga ku kibuga cy'indege cya Kigali kugira ngo igwe. Mu ndege hamwe na Habyarimana hari Perezida wa Burundi  Cyprien Ntaryamira , umuyobozi mukuru w'ingabo z'u Rwanda Déogratias Nsabimana , na Coloneli Elie Sagatwa , ukuriye umutekano wa perezida. Ibisigazwa byageze mu busitani bw'ingoro ya perezida maze abari mu ndege bose baricwa.  Mu Jenoside yatangiye ku ya 6 Mata, 1994. Ku itariki ya 7 Mata, 1994 kurinda Perezida yishwe Minisitiri w'Intebe Agathe Uwilingiyimanahamwe n'abandi baminisitiri benshi, aribo abo mu mashyaka ya politiki atandukanye n'ay'uwiciwe Habyarimana ndetse n'abateganijwe kuzagira uruhare rukomeye muri guverinoma y'inzibacyuho yari yateganyirijwe guhita ku ya 8 Mata.   Interahamwe zahigiye abatutsi zitangira kubica mugitangira jenoside. Nubwo Rusesabagina yari Umuhutu (ise yari Umuhutu na nyina umututsi), umugore we Tatiana yari umututsi kandi abana be babonaga ko bavanze. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ntiyashoboye gutoroka akarere k’intambara hamwe n’umuryango we.

Igihe urugomo rwatangiraga, Rusesabagina yazanye umuryango we muri Hôtel des Mille Collines kugira ngo umutekano. Igihe abandi bayobozi bagenda, Rusesabagina yaterefonnye ba nyiri sosiyete, Sabena , maze abona ibaruwa imugira umuyobozi mukuru w'agateganyo wa Mille Collines.

Igihe imitwe yitwara gisirikare y'Abahutu yica yateraga ubwoba ko izinjira muri Mille Collines, Rusesabagina yemeje ko umugore we n'abana be bahungiye amahoro mu gikamyo banyuze kuri bariyeri. Ikamyo yerekeje ku kibuga cy'indege cya Kigali kugira ngo bashobore guhungira mu kindi gihugu. We ubwe yagumye muri hoteri kuko impunzi zari zimukeneye. Rusesabagina n'umugore we baganiriye kuri iki cyemezo amasaha menshi, kuko yari yaramusezeranyije ko atazigera amutererana muri ibi bihe. Rusesabagina yashakaga kuguma, atinya ko impunzi zisigaye zizicwa kandi akumva ko atazigera ababarira.

Tatiana yari yibasiwe cyane n’igitero simusiga kuko yari umugore w’umuyobozi wa Mille Collines, wari wihishe kandi agerageza kurinda abantu barenga 1200; imitwe yitwara gisirikare y'Abahutu yari izi ko we n'abana be bari mu gikamyo kubera ubutumwa bwa radiyo bwoherejwe n'umunyamakuru Georges Ruggiu . Ruggiu yari Umutaliyani - Umubiligi wagize uruhare mu maradiyo kugira ngo ateze amakimbirane ashingiye ku moko kandi ashishikarize abaturage b'Abahutu kwica Abatutsi bose. Ruggiu yise umuryango wa Rusesabagina "inkoko zahunze, ariko nyuma akazagaruka kwica Abahutu bose".

Umuryango wa Tatiana wahuye namakuba akomeye. Nyina, hamwe na bishywa be 4, bazize itsembabwoko kandi murumuna we na muramu we baburiwe irengero. Se yishyuye imitwe yitwara gisirikare y'Abahutu kugira ngo yicwe kugira ngo adapfa urupfu rubabaje: Twese twari tuzi ko tuzapfa, ntakibazo. Ikibazo gusa cyari uburyo. Bashobora kudutema ibice? Numuhoro wabo bagucaga ukuboko kwi bumoso. Noneho barazimira bakongera kugaragara nyuma yamasaha make kugirango bagabanye ikiganza cyawe cyiburyo. Nyuma gato bazagaruka ukuguru kwawe kwi bumoso nibindi barakomeza kugeza upfuye. Bashakaga kugutera umubabaro igihe kirekire gishoboka. Hariho ubundi buryo bumwe: washoboraga kwishyura abasirikare kugirango bakurase. Nibyo se [Tatiana] yakoze.

-             Interahamwe yasize imirambo hafi miliyoni. Muri Nyakanga 1994, inyeshyamba z'Abatutsi zasunitse imitwe yitwara gisirikare y'Abahutu muri Kongo , nyuma y'icya kabiri cy'abatutsi mu Rwanda bishwe. Rusesabagina yajyanye imfubyi mu nkambi inyuma y’imitwe y’inyeshyamba z’abatutsi na Tanzaniya , kugira ngo zibungabunge umutekano kandi zitarenga u Rwanda. Ubwicanyi burangiye, bane muri barumuna be umunani bakomeje kuba bazima. Yatanze ibisobanuro mu gitabo cye cyandika ku buzima bwe agira ati: "Ku muryango w'u Rwanda, iyi ni yo ngaruka igereranijwe".

Rusesabagina, umugore we n'abana be, n'impunzi amaherezo bashoboye guhungira muri Tanzaniya , babikesha Front Patriotique y'u Rwanda . Nyuma yo kuguma mu Rwanda indi myaka ibiri, Rusesabagina yasabye ubuhungiro mu Bubiligi yimukira i Buruseli mu 1996 nyuma yo guhabwa iterabwoba ryizewe ku buzima bwe. Yimukiye i Buruseli mu Bubiligi ari kumwe n'umugore we, abana, na bishywa be bombi.

## Ifatwa
Rusesabagina yakiriye impapuro mpuzamahanga zo guta muri yombi, zatanzwe n'ikigo gishinzwe iperereza mu Rwanda (RIB) n'ubushinjacyaha ku byaha bikomeye nk'iterabwoba, gutwika, gushimuta no kwica abaturage b'inzirakarengane mu bice bitandukanye by'u Rwanda, harimo na Nyabimata mu karere ka Nyungwe. Nyamagabe muri Nyamagabe mu Akarere ka Nyamagabe mu Kuboza 2018. Rusesabagina akekwaho kuba ari we washinze, umuyobozi, umuterankunga akaba n'umwe mu bagize imitwe y'iterabwoba ihohoterwa, intagondwa kandi yitwaje intwaro nka MRCD na PDR-Ihumure ikorera ahantu hatandukanye mu karere ndetse no mu mahanga ", RIB. yagaragaje ko hasuzumwe icyemezo mpuzamahanga cyo guta muri yombi Rusesabagina ni umuyobozi w’umutwe w’u Rwanda uharanira impinduka za demokarasi (MRDC) Ubu afunzwe azira ibyo byaha by’iterabwoba.

## Ibihembo byakiriwe

* 2000 - Yakiriye igihembo cya Chaplains kidapfa kubumuntu.
* 2005 - Yakiriye umudari wa Wallenberg wo muri kaminuza ya Michigan
* 2005 - Yabonye igihembo cy’igihugu cy’uburenganzira bwa muntu mu Nzu Ndangamurage
* 2005 - Yabonye umudari wa Perezida w’ubwisanzure
* 2007 - Yabonye impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga y'icyubahiro yakuye muri kaminuza ya Guelph
* 2008 - Yabonye Impamyabumenyi y'icyubahiro muri Gustavus Adolphus College
* 2009 - Yabonye Impamyabumenyi y'icyubahiro yakuye muri kaminuza ya Loyola Chicago, muri Bachelor of Arts
* 2011 - Yakiriye igihembo cy’uburenganzira bwa muntu cya Tom Lantos 2011 cyatanzwe na Fondasiyo ya Lantos ishinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu n’ubutabera

## Itangazamakuru

### Ibitabo
Inkuru ye mbere yabwiye mu Philip Gourevitch gitabo 's *twifuza kubamenyesha ko ejo tuzajya kwicishwa imiryango yacu* , aho yasohotse mu 1998.

### Kwiyandikisha
Igitabo ku mibereho ye *isanzwe w'umuntu* (byanditswe na Tom Zoellner ) yasohotse ku Zach Murino mu Mata 2006.

### Filime
Ibikorwa bya Paul byerekanwe muri firime ya *Hotel Rwanda* 2004 yakinwe na Don Cheadle .  imikorere Cheadle yari yahuye na impundu biruhije filime yari bahatanira mu Award Academy kuko Actor Best , Golden Globe Award for Actor Best - Icyifuzo Ifoto Drama na Screen Actors Guild Award for bwihariye Performance filimi Male mu uruhare .

## Amakimbirane na Paul Kagame
Perezida wa Rusesabagina na perezida w’u Rwanda akaba n'uwahoze ayobora umutwe w’igihugu gishinzwe gukunda igihugu (FPR) Paul Kagame babaye abanzi rusange. Mu gitabo cye cyandika ku buzima bwe, Rusesabagina agira ati: "Uyu munsi u Rwanda ni igihugu kiyobowe kandi kigamije inyungu z'itsinda rito ry'abatutsi b'indobanure ... Abo bahutu bake bazamuwe mu myanya yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ubusanzwe ni imyenda yambaye ubusa nta bubasha nyabwo bafite. ibyabo. Bazwi cyane nka Hutus de service cyangwa Abahutu kugira ngo bahabwe akazi. " Yamaganye kandi amatora ya Kagame kuri perezida.

Ku ya 6 Mata 2006, Kagame yatanze igitekerezo ati: "[Rusesabagina] akwiye kugerageza impano ye ahandi kandi ntagende ku kinyoma cyo kuba intwari, kuko ari ibinyoma rwose." N'ubwo bimeze bityo ariko, Rusesabagina mu kiganiro mbwirwaruhame yabereye muri kaminuza ya Michigan ku ya 27 Werurwe 2014 ko yahisemo kubabarira Kagame, kubera ko ubu ari bwo buryo bwonyine u Rwanda rushobora guca kuri jenoside.   Francois Xavier Ngarambe , perezida wa Ibuka , umuryango w’umuryango w’amashyirahamwe y’abacitse ku icumu rya jenoside, yavuze kuri Rusesabagina, ati: "yashimuse ubutwari. Arimo gucuruza na jenoside. Agomba kuregwa." Terry George, umuyobozi wa *Hotel Rwanda* , yaranze iki gitekerezo mu rwego rwo kwiyamamaza. 

Mu mwaka wa 2008, hasohotse igitabo cyitwa *Hotel Rwanda cyangwa Jenoside y'Abatutsi nk'uko byagaragajwe na Hollywood* , cyanditswe na Alfred Ndahiro , umujyanama ushinzwe imibanire rusange na Kagame n'umunyamakuru Privat Rutazibwa .  Itanga ubundi buryo bwo kwerekana ibikorwa bya Rusesabagina nkuko bigaragara muri *Hotel Rwanda* .

Rusesabagina yahoraga ahakana ibirego byatanzwe na guverinoma y'u Rwanda ishinja Rusesabagina gufasha ingabo za demokarasi zo kubohora u Rwanda , umutwe w'inyeshyamba zo mu Rwanda. Mu kiganiro twagiranye na CNN Rusesabagina mu mwaka wa 2010 yagize ati: "Nta mafaranga nohereje ku iterabwoba ... Ntabwo [umushinjacyaha] abeshya gusa, ahubwo abeshya afite ibitekerezo bibi ..... Ibi ni ibihimbano byoroheje kandi byoroshye biva i Kigali." 

## Impaka
Bamwe mu barokotse itsembabwoko ryo mu 1994 ryabereye muri Hôtel des Mille Collines, barimo Edouard Kayihura, umunyamategeko akaba n'uwahoze ari umushinjacyaha ushinjwa itsembabwoko mu Rwanda, na Odette Nyiramilimo, umuganga w'u Rwanda waje kuba senateri na minisitiri muri guverinoma y'u Rwanda. , ikibazo Rusesabagina ibikorwa byubutabazi. Mu ibaruwa Odette yandikiye Terry George, umuyobozi wa filime Hotel Rwanda, yanditse ati: "Abantu barashimira [Rusesabagina] uburyo yita ku mfubyi muri hoteri, kandi arabyemera! Terry, nta mfubyi zigeze zibaho! Ninde wabikora! babazanye? Abantu bamwe barampamagara cyangwa bakanyoherereza ubutumwa bwiza banshimira kuba naritaye ku mfubyi muri kiriya gihe kibabaje. Birumvikana ko ndabisobanura ko bitabaye gutya! Ariko byabaye wenda ahandi ". Igitabo Kayihura "Imbere ya Hotel Rwanda: bitangaje nyakuri Inkuru kandi kuki bihambaye Today" (Benbella Books, 2014) bigaragaza ivuguruzanya amagambo ashikanishwa Rusesabagina ubwe kuva 1994, nka uko yihanangiriza abantu kurya no kunywa mu gihe cya jenoside  anakangisha kwirukana Christophe Shamukiga, utuye muri Hôtel des Mille Collines, kubera gukwirakwiza ibinyobwa bidasembuye, amazi yatetse, hamwe na kuki ku bandi bashyitsi ba hoteri basanze muri cache yo hasi atabishyuye.  Rusesabagina arahakana ibyo birego. 

Rusesabagina yavuze kandi ko inyeshyamba za FPR zakoze jenoside mu gihe cy'amakimbirane.  Izo ikirego bivuguruza umurimo by'amateka nka Alison Des Forges (Leave n'umwe ngo Bwira Inkuru: Jenoside mu Rwanda), nubwo nk'uko abatohozakahise n'ibindi nka Gérard Prunier (Afurika y'Isi), FPR yakoze, mu kuza imbaraga, kwica umubare munini w'Abahutu n'Abatutsi, ahanini ntavangura, nk'igikoresho cyo kugenzura politiki. Reba kandi guhakana Jenoside yo mu Rwanda .