open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ishyo Foods Ltd

**Ishyo Foods Ltd** ni kampani yashinzwe na rwiyemezamirimo witwa Akanyana Shalon akaba nawe umuyobozi wayo. Shalon yatangiye ubu bucuruzi ahereye ku nkomoko yoroheje akunda guteka aho yari mugikoni akabyitekera. 

## Uko igitekerezo cyaje
Ishyo Foods Ltd, Ibona u Rwanda nki igihugu gifite ubutaka byiza bukungahaye ku ntungamubiri ndetse hamwe n’ikirere cyiza, hamwe no guhinga,  imbuto nziza, kandi hari mashyo atandukanye atanga amata akungahaye ku ntungamubiri.

## Ibyo bakora
Ishyo Foods Ltd ifasha gukemura ikibazo cyibiribwa, aho itanga imbuto zirimbwa ndetse na yahurute zifite ubuziranenge kandi zihendutse. Kuko, imiryango imwe ni mwe yomu Rwanda itunzwe nibiribwa bihendutse, kandi usanga bitumizwa mu mahanga. Ibyo biryo byose bakabikoresha bikiri bibisi cyangwa bikiri bizima.

## Amashakiro
Ubuhinzi n'iterambere

## Ubuhinzi n'iterambere mu Rwanda
Ubuhinzi bufite akamaro kanini mu bukungu bw’u Rwanda kuko bwinjiza kimwe cya gatattu cy'umusaruro mbumbe w’igihugu. uru rwego ruha akazi abarenga bibiri bya gatatu by’abakozi bose mugihugu kandi iterambere rishingiye kubuhinzi ryitezweho kugira uruhare runini mu kurwanya ubukene no guca ubukene bukabije.  ahubwo rukaba urwego rutanga umusaruro mwinci kandi mwiza ku isoko ry'Africa Guverinema yu Rwanda yiyemeje guhindura urwgo rw'ubuhinzi rukava kuguhinga ibitunga imiryango gusa. rukaba urwego rutanga umussruro mwinci kandi mwiza rukabasha kugemurira isoko kandi rufasha mukuzamura izindi nzego z'ubukungu mu Rwanda. Ibi bizagerwaho binyuze muri gahunda zitandukanye zishyirwa mubikorwa na Minisitteri y'ubuhinzi n'ubworozi  (MINAGRI) n’ibigo biyishamikiyeho, ariko ikabifashwamo n’Urwego rw’Abikorera, abafatanyabikorwa mu iterambere ndetse n’abandi bireba bose.

### Intego n'iterambere
Kugirango iterambere rirambye rigerweho, abahinzi n'aborozi bakwiriye kureka guhinga no korora ibitunga imiryango yabo gusa bagakorera guhaza isoko ry'Africa no hanze yayo. ibi kandi bizabasaba kubona service z'imari. mu Rwanda Imari irakenewe mubyiciro byose by'ubuhinzi nko kugura imbuto z'indobanure ndetse no mumirimo yo gutunganya no guhunika umusaruro.

#### Ikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi mu Rwanda

u Rwanda ni kimwe mubihugu by'Africa bikora uko bishoboye mu guteza imbere abahinzi naborozi muburyo bwose

kugirango umusaruro wiyongere ndetse n'itumanaho rizamurwe mu rwego rwo guhanahana amakuru mu bahinzi ndetse nama koperative bakoreramo. mu rwego rwo guteza imbere umugore no kumushyigikira mu mirimo ye ya burimunsi leta yu Rwanda yahaye Telefone zigezweho (SMART PHONE) abagore bakora umwuga w'ubuhinzi n'ubworozi mu Turere dutandukanye harimo , Akarere Burera, Kirehe, na Nyamasheke. aba bagore bashyikirijwe izi Telefone zigezweho ni abafashamyumvire  bibumbie mu ma koperative y'ubuhinzi mu Rwanda bahawe izi telefone kunkunga ya #connectRwanda

##### Ishakiro fatizo
Uwase Peace

**Peace Masozera Uwase**, uzwi nka **Peace Uwase**, ni umucungamari w’u Rwanda akaba n’umuyobozi wa banki, akora nk'umuyobozi mukuru w’ishami rishinzwe imari muri Banki nkuru y’igihugu y’u Rwanda ya BNR, kuva muri Mata 2016. 

Mbere yibyo Uwase yari umufatanyabikorwa ucunga PAM Business Advisory, hagati yo muri Mutarama 2013 kugeza Mata 2016. Muri urwo ruhare, yabaye umujyanama mu by'imari n’imicungire, inzobere mu bijyanye na banki, ibaruramari, ubugenzuzi, imicungire y’ibyago, imiyoborere n’igenamigambi. 

## Amavu n'amavuko
Peace Uwase yize muri Mount Saint Mary's College Namagunga, aho avuka, abakobwa bose bo mu mashuri yisumbuye, mu Karere ka Mukono aho bigaga, muri Uganda, yize amasomo rusange kuva  hagati ya 1992 na 1998. Yize muri kaminuza ya Makerere, no muri Uganda, arangiza impamyabumenyi mu bucuruzi  muri 2001. Nyuma, yabonye impamyabushobozi y'icyiciro cya gatatu mu bucuruzi yakuye muri kaminuza ya gikirisitu ya Oklahoma muri Amerika . Ni umucungamari wemewe n'ishyirahamwe ry'abacungamari bemewe bo mu Bwongereza . 

## Umwuga
Akazi ka mbere yari nka Audit Associate muri PriceWaterhouseCoopers, mu biro byabo i Kampala, muri Uganda, aho yakoreze imyaka irenga itatu. Yimukiye mu Rwanda muri Mutarama 2005, atangira akazi nk'umuyobozi w’imari n’imiyoborere muri *Banki y’Ubucuruzi, Iterambere n’inganda ya* BCDI, uwabanjirije Ecobanque mu Rwanda , aho yakoreye imyaka ibiri ni gice. 

Ecobank imaze kubona BCDI muri Nyakanga 2007,  yagumye ku mwanya mushya w'umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe imari muri Ecobank u Rwanda. Hanyuma umwaka umwe, yabaye umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe imari muri Ecobank Gineya Bissau, ifite icyicaro i Bissau . 

Yaje kuba umujyanama wigenga mu gihe cyumwaka nigice, mbere yuko ahabwa akazi na Kivu Watt Limited, nk'umuyobozi ushinzwe imari, ahakorera umwaka urenga. Yaje gusubira mu bujyanama bwite mu gihe cy'imyaka itatu n'igice, mbere yo kwinjira muri Banki nkuru y'u Rwanda, muri Mata 2016. 

## Ibindi bitekerezo
Peace Uwase ni umwe mu bagize inama y’ubuyobozi y’ikigo cy’imisoro m’u Rwanda . 

## Reba kandi

* Urutonde rwa banki mu Rwanda
* Lina Higiro
* Alice Kalonzo - Zulu

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Imizi ya Gatete yo gushora imipaka mu gihe CBA itangiza ibikorwa mu Rwanda (Amafoto) Kuva ku ya 21 Werurwe 2018.
Mukashyaka Epiphanie

**Epiphanie Mukashyaka** (wavutse muri 1959-1960) ni umucuruzi wo mu Rwanda. Niwe washinze Buf coffee nku mugore wa mbere, ukora ikawa idasanzwe mu Rwanda. 

## Ubuzima bwo hambere
Mukashyaka yavutse 1959 cyangwa 1960 mu Rwanda. Yize imyaka 6 arongorwa afite imyaka 17. Ari afite abana 8. 

Muri icyo gihe mu Rwanda mbere ya jenoside, abagore ntibari bemerewe kuragwa ubutaka, kandi wasangaga bidashoboka gukora ubucuruzi. Itsembabwoko ryo mu Rwanda rirangiye, abaturage bagera kuri 70% bari abagore naho abagabo bagera kuri 30%.  

## Itsembabwoko ryo mu Rwanda no gushiraho Bufcoffee
Muri 1994, ubwo Itsembabwoko ryo mu Rwanda ryabaye, bituma hapfa abantu ibihumbi magana, barimo benshi mu bagize umuryango wa Mukashyaka, nk'umugabo we ndetse n'umwe mu bana be. Ibi byatumye Mukashyaka adafite akazi kandi nta nkunga y'amafaranga. Yabanje kutabasha kuzungura isambu y'umugabo we ariko bidatinze arayigarurira.  Yabonye kandi inkunga y'abapfakazi bagenzi be bo m'ubaturage, barimo Ngara Nyarusiza, waje kuba umufatanyabikorwa mu bucuruzi bwa Bufcoffee.

Nyuma ya jenoside, Mukashyaka yafashe inguzanyo ya miliyoni 54 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda maze y'ubaka ikigo cyo koza ikawa i Gikongoro cyitwa Nyarusiza,  icya mbere cyari gifitwe umugore mu Rwanda,  : 79  aho yakoresheje abahinzi guhinga ibishyimbo.   Mu gihe cyo kongera kubaka ikawa ye, yahawe ubufasha na USAID na PEARL .  Muri 2004 ikawa ye yaciwe neza na Kenneth Davids.   maze muri 2007, afungura ikigo cya kabiri cyo koza ikawa cyitwa Remera. , Muri uwo mwaka yatsindiye igihembo cya Kawa y’igikombe cy’u Rwanda muri 2007, n’igihembo cy’igikombe cy’indashyikirwa cy’ikawa muri 2008, 2010, 2011, 2013, na 2014. 

Muri 2016, isosiyete yari ifite abanyamigabane barenga ibihumbi 4000, kandi ikawa yoherezwa muri Amerika.  

Muri 2019, Mukashyaka yatorewe kuba rwiyemezamirimo w’umugore w’u Rwanda, yatsindiye miliyoni 2 z’amafaranga yu Rwanda. Yabonye kandi ubufatanye muri Trademark Afurika y'Uburasirazuba. 

### Icyorezo cya Covid-19
Igihe kimwe hagati yo muri 2016 na 2020 isosiyete yari ifite ibikoresho bine byo gukaraba. Igihe icyorezo cya COVID-19 mu Rwanda cyibasiye, ubucuruzi bwaragabanutseho cyane. Muri 2020, isosiyete yari ifite abakozi bagera ku bihumbi 12.000, igabanuka kuva mu mwaka ushize. Bamwe bagombaga kureka gukora nk'abahinzi ba kawa kubera icyorezo, bigatuma umusaruro muke, nubwo ubucuruzi bwari bugifite umutekano muke. Uburyo bwo kwishyura bwagombaga guhindurwa kumurongo kubera amategeko yimibereho. 

## Ubuzima bwite
Abana ba Mukashyaka bakorera ikigo. Umwe ni umuyobozi ucunga Bufcoffee. Mukashyaka yubatse ubusitani bw'umuganda iruhande rw'ishuri ry'incuke ry' umumvumu kugira ngo akomeze kwihaza mu biribwa mu gihe cy'icyorezo. 

## Reba
Ikibuga k'indege

## Ikibuga k'indege cya Bugesera
mu bikorwa bishimishije by'iterambere n'ubukungu u Rwanda rumaze kugeraho harimo n'iyubakwa ry'ikibuga k'indegegiherereye mu karere ka Bugesera.

Biteganyijweko iki kibuga kizaba gifite ubuso bwa metero kare ibihumbi 130, kizajya cyakira abagenzi miliyoni 8 ku mwaka, bazarushaho kugenda biyongera bakagera kuri miliyoni 14, ndetse kikazajya kinyuraho toni ibihumbi 150 by’ibicuruzwa bizajya bitwarwa n'indege zitwara imizigo.

## Ubukungu n'iterambere

Jules Ndenga, Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Ikigo Aviation Travel and Logistics Holding (ATL) gikurikirana imyubakire y’iki kibuga cy’indege cya Bugesera, avuga ko nicyuzura bizagira uruhare rukomeye mu kuzamura ubukungu bw’u Rwanda.

## Aho ikibuga k'indege giherereye

iki kibuga k'Indege giherereye mu karere ka Bugesera mu birometero 40 mu majyyepfo yy'umujyi wa Kigali

## Imirimo n'ubufatanye
Ibikorwa byo kubaka ikibuga k'indege mpuzamahanga cya Bugesera byatangijwe na Perezida wa Repubulika yu Rwanda Paul Kagame muri Kanama 2017 nyuma yuko amasezerano ajyanye no kucyubaka yari yasinywe muri nzeri 2016 hagati ya Guverinoma yu Rwanda na sosiyete yy'ubwubatsi ikomoka mugihugu cya Portugal yitwa MOTAL ENGIL ENGENHARIA e CONSTRUCAO AFRICA kugirango izubake icyo kibuga.

## Ishakiro
Patrick E. Ngowi

**Patrick Epaphra Ngowi** ni rwiyemezamirimo wo muri Tanzaniya, umucuruzi, ushinzwe ibidukikije, umuyobozi w’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ya Al Gore akaba na SDG 7 Pioneer. Patrick yashinze kandi ayobora imishinga myinshi mugihe cy'umwuga we. 

## Umwuga
Ngowi yatangiye ubucuruzi bwe bwa mbere afite imyaka 15 ubwo yatangiraga kugurisha inyemezabuguzi zo kurwego rwo hejuru kuri terefone zigendanwa mu mashuri yisumbuye.  Nyuma yo guhabwa impamyabumenyi, Ngowi yakoze ingendo hagati mubihugu by'Ubushinwa naza Tanzaniya agarura amwe muriza terefone zigezweho kandi zihenze, atangira kugura terefone zidahenze ku bakorera inganda zihenze no muburyo bwo kuzigurisha ku isoko rya Tanzaniya.  Yaje kwiyandikishije muri kaminuza ya Denzhou mu Bushinwa, yiga ingufu zishobora kubaho . 

Patrick Ngowi yashinze Helvetic Solar mu mwaka wa 2007 kugirango itange kandi itange ishyireho yesitara ibikoresho by'izuba mugihugu cya Tanzaniya no mugihugu cya Amerika.  Iyososiyete yanahawe igihembo cya mbere cya KPMG nk'imwe mu masosiyete 100 ya mbere akomeye yo mugihugu cya Tanzaniya mu mwaka wa 2012.  Kuva icyo gihe ikigo cyahindutse itsinda ryubucuruzi butandukanye,kiba mubigo ayoboye. 

### Kumenyekana kwe

*Forbes* yashyize Ngowi ku rutonde rw’abantu bambere 30 babaherwe bari munsi ya 30 ba rwiyemezamirimo bato bato bo muri Afurika  na Forbes ku rutonde rw’abasore b’abaherwe bo muri Afurika barebwa mu mwaka wa 2013.  Yongeye gushyirwa ku rutonde mu mwaka wa 2014 rwa barwiyemezamirimo bato bato muri Afurika binyuze muri Helvetic Group.  Yatowe kandi nk'umuyobozi ushinzwe ubucuruzi muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba mu mwaka wa 2014 na Forbes na CNBC . 

Ngowi yagize uruhare runini mu kuvuga mu birori mpuzamahanga kuko bari mubahawe ijambo     maze mu mwaka 2015 atorerwa kuba umuyobozi w’umuryango w’abibumbye ku isi muri Tanzaniya.  Umwaka umwe, nibwo yagombaga kuyobora byatangajwe n’umunyamabanga mukuru w’umuryango w’abibumbye avuga ko Ngowi yari umwe mu ntego zagaragaye z’iterambere mu iterambere ry’iterambere ry’umuryango w’abibumbye (SGDs) ku isi 10, yabaye intangarugero mu gutanga ingufu zisukuye, SDG 7. 

## Ibikorwa by'ubugiraneza
Ngowi ni we washinzeho Light for Life Foundation, ikigo kidaharanira kitita kunyungu kikaba cyibanda ku gutanga amashanyarazi akomoka cyabgwa ava ku mirasire y'izuba ndetse n’umuyaga muto ku rubyiruko n’abagore babarizwa mu cyaro ndetse no hanze y'igihugu cya Tanzaniya. 

## Amashakiro
Nkulikiyinka Christine

**Nkulikiyinka  Christine** (Yavutse ku ya 1 Gashyantare 1965) Muri 2022 yabaye umuyobozi mukuru w’isosiyete igurisha n'ubucuruzi bw’u Rwanda mu mahanga cyane mu guteza imbere ubufatanye bw’Amajyepfo yisi. Yabari ambasaderi w'u Rwanda, wabaye umuyobozi mukuru wa gahunda y'u Rwanda. Yabaye kandi ambasaderi w'u Rwanda mu bihugu byinshi birimo Ubudage, Suwede n'Uburusiya. 

## Ubuzima
Nkulikiyinka yavukiye i Kigali muri 1965. Yakuriye mu murwa mukuru w'u Rwanda kandi yiga mu mashuri yisumbuye. Kuva muri 1985 yize Ikidage nk'ururimi rw'amahanga i Mainz, hanyuma yiga ubuyobozi bw'ubucuruzi muri kaminuza ya Ludwigshafen y’ubumenyi.  Avuga indimi nki Igifaransa, Icyongereza, Ikidage na Kinyarwanda . 

Yakoraga muri Ambasade y'u Rwanda i Berlin kuva muri 1991 kugeza 2005 aho yazamuwe kuba umujyanama wa kabiri wa ambasade.  Yagarutse mu Rwanda aho yakoraga muri Minisiteri y'Ububanyi n'Amahanga y'u Rwanda i Kigali.

Kuva mu 2009 kugeza 2015 Christine Nkulikiyinka yari ambasaderi w’igihugu cye i Berlin, aho yari ashinzwe Ubudage ariko nanone Polonye, Rumaniya, Liechtenstein, Repubulika ya Ceki, Slowakiya na Ukraine. Ku ya 14 Nyakanga 2011, yashyikirije Minisitiri w’intebe w’Uburusiya icyo gihe Dmitry Medvedev  kandi kuva icyo gihe kandi yari ambasaderi w’u Rwanda mu Burusiya kugeza igihe ambasade y’u Rwanda i Moscou yongeye nanone gufungurwa muri Kanama 2013 maze Jeanne d'Arc Mujawamariya amusimbuye.

Muri Nzeri 2015, Nkulikiyinka yabaye ambasaderi w'u Rwanda muri Suwede kandi akorana na Noruveje,  Danimarike,  Finilande na Isilande. Isilande yagize uruhare mu gushyiraho imyitozo mu Rwanda kugira ngo hashyizweho ingufu za geothermale. 

Muri 2022 yabaye umuyobozi mukuru wa gahunda y’ubufatanye bw’u Rwanda iterwa inkunga na guverinoma mu rwego rwo kunoza no gukoresha ubufatanye bw’amajyepfo. 

## Reba
Turatsinze Théogène

**Turatsinze Théogène**  (yavukiye mu majyaruguru y'u Rwanda muri 1970,  yicishwe hagati ya 11 na 15 Ukwakira 2012 muri Mozambike  ) aho yari umucuruzi na rwiyemezamirimo ukomoka mu Rwanda .

## Amasomo yize
Amaze kwiga icyiciro cya mbere cya kaminuza mu gihugu cye, yimukiye muri Mozambike, aho yakoraga imyaka itari mike, nyuma yaho arangiza amasomo ye afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu micungire muri kaminuza Gatolika ya Ositaraliya i Sydney .   Yasubiye mu Rwanda, aba umuyobozi mukuru wa Banki ishinzwe iterambere ry’u Rwanda ya BRD muri 2005.  Yirukanywe kuri uwo mwanya muri 2007.  Yongeye kwimukira muri Mozambike, aho yabaye umuyobozi wungirije wa kaminuza Gatolika ya São Tomãs de Moçambique kugeza apfuye. 

## Urupfu
Yaburiwe irengero kuva ku ya 11  cyangwa 12 Ukwakira 2012, i Maputo .  Umurambo we wabonetse ku ya 15, uboshye ndetse ureremba mu nyanja.  Polisi yo muri Mozambike yabanje kwerekana uruhare rwa guverinoma y'u Rwanda mu bwicanyi, hanyuma isubiza inyuma icyo kirego.  Turatsinze yatekerezaga ko yari afite amakuru y’ishoramari ya politiki yerekeranye na bamwe mu bayobozi ba guverinoma y’u Rwanda, yerekeranye n’amafaranga ya Banki y’iterambere.  Iyicwa rye ritamenyekanye, ryasobanuwe nk'amateka y’urupfu rw’amayoberane rw’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi cyangwa abumva ko barwanya leta ya Paul Kagame mu Rwanda. Ikinyamakuru kizwi  cya The Zimbabwean kivuga ku rupfu rwa Seth Sendashonga (umunywanyi wo mu rwego rwo hejuru wo mu rwego rwa politiki wishwe muri Kenya muri 1998), Jean-Léonard Rugambage (umunyamakuru wishwe i Kigali mu 2010), na Charles Ingabire (umunyamakuru wishwe muri Uganda muri 2011); yavuze nanone kandi kuri Kayumba Nyamwasa, wahoze mu bagize iperereza ry'u Rwanda warokotse umugambi wo kumwica muri 2010.  Mu buryo nk'ubwo, Umuyoboro wa 4 w’Ubwongereza wahuzaga urupfu rwa Turatsinze n’a bavuzwe, ndetse nk’urupfu rw’umunyapolitiki André Kagwa Rwisereka wishwe muri 2010, avuga kandi ibirego by’uruhare rwa guverinoma y’u Rwanda. 

## Reba kandi

* Politiki yo mu Rwanda
* Uburenganzira bwa muntu mu Rwanda

## Reba
Eisha Stephen Atieno Odhiambo

**Eisha Stephen Atieno Odhiambo** (1945 - 25 Gashyantare 2009  Yari Umwarimu wavukiye ahitwa i Muhoroni, akaba yaramenyekanye cyane cyane kubera umusanzu yagiye atanga mu kumvikanisha akaga/ibyago karangwa muri politiki yubumenyi na sociologie y'imbaraga. Dr Odhiambo yari kandi umwarimu w’amateka muri kaminuza ya Rice muri Amerika, aho yari umuyobozi mu bijyanye no mu kwiga imico. Yize muri kaminuza ya Makerere muri gihugu cya Uganda na kaminuza ya Nairobi muri Kenya.

Odhiambo yasezeye muri kaminuza ya Rice kubera uburwayi maze we n'umufasha we basubira mu rugo rwabo i Ndere, Siaya, muri Kenya, mbere y'urupfu rwe mu 2009 mu bitaro bya Aga Khan i Kisumu . 

## Bibliografiya

* *Amateka ya Afrika yuburasirazuba* .  (Addison-Wesley Longman Ltd, 10/01/1978)
* ''Mau Mau n'Ubwenegihugu: Intwaro, Ubuyobozi, no Kuvuga'', ed. John Lonsdale,  ( Itangazamakuru rya kaminuza ya Ohio - 01/01/2003)
* ''Ibyago by'ubumenyi: Iperereza ku rupfu rwa Hon.'' ''Minisitiri John Robert Ouko Muri Kenya, 1990'' (hamwe na David William Cohen)  (Itangazamakuru rya kaminuza ya Ohio, 11/01/2004)
*  

## Aho wareba

* Urukuta rwa Kaminuza ya Rice
Ubukerarugendo muri Somaliland

**Ubukerarugendo muri Somaliland** bugengwa na Minisiteri y’ubukerarugendo ya Somaliland.

## Amateka
Amateka y'ubukerarugendo muri Somaliland yahuzwaga nayo muri  Somaliya, bituma habaho umuvuduko ukabije mu igabanuka ry'ubukerarugendo mu gihe cy'intambara yo muri Somaliya. Kuva ubwigenge bwa Somaliland bwatangazwa no gushyiraho guverinoma *yemewe* n'amategeko, umutekano wagarutse kuri bose uretse iburasirazuba bw'igihugu. Ba mukerarugendo benshi baza muri Somaliland baba baje gusura ahahoze hubatswe bimwe mu bintu bya cyera by'amateka n'ingoro z'amateka zegereye umurwa mukuru, Hargeisa, n'utundi turere nka Zeila. Ibitangaza karemano nk'ibiyaga bya Berbera cyangwa imisozi ya Cal Madow; cyangwa ubukerarugendo bwo kwidagadura mu gihugu kitabaho mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, biracyafite tekiniki mu ntambara y’abaturage mu rwego rwa Somaliya, cyangwa kuvuga ko bagiye muri Somaliya, nubwo nta kaga gakomeye kaboneka muri Somaliya.

Benshi mu bakora ingendo muri Somaliland binjirira muri Djibouti cyangwa Etiyopiya, nko kwinjira mu nyanja cyangwa muri Somaliya ntabwo ari amahitamo meza kubera intambara y'abenegihugu ya Somaliya / Amakimbirane ya Puntland na Somaliland .

## Ahantu h'amateka

* Dhambalin - Ahantu hubatswe kera mu karere ka Sahil, hamwe n'ubuhanzi bwamabuye mu buryo bwa Etiyopiya-Arabiya bwerekana ibimenyetso byambere byo gutunga amatungo.

* Haylaan - Ikibanza cy'amatongo n'inyubako nyinshi za kera. Harimo imva za Sheikh Darod n'umugore we Dobira .
* Laas Gaal - Urusobekerane rw'ubuvumo mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bwa Somaliland burimo bimwe mubikorwa by'ubuhanzi bwa kera buzwi mu karere. Amashusho y’ubuvumo yagereranijwe kuva hagati ya 9,000-3000 mbere y'igihe rusange (BCE).
* Maydh - Ikibanza cy'umujyi wa kera w'icyambu mu karere ka Sanaag muri Somaliland. Harimo imva ya Sheikh Isaaq .
* Qa'ableh - Umujyi ushaje ufite amazu menshi yo gushyinguramo ya cyera. Yizera kubika imva z'abahoze ari abami kuva mu mateka ya Somaliya. Harimo imva ya Sheikh Harti .
* Qombo'ul - Umujyi w'amateka mu karere ka Sanaag. Imbuga zirimo amatongo ya kera, inyubako n'inzu.
* Taleh - Uwahoze ari umurwa mukuru wa Leta ya Dervish . Ibiranga igihome kinini.
* Zeila - Icyambu cy'ubucuruzi cya Avalite mu bihe bya kera, n'umurwa mukuru wa mbere wa Adal Sultanate yo hagati.

### Inkombe

* Baathela - Berbera

### Isumo

* Lamadaya

### Imisozi

* Cal Madow
* Imisozi ya Golis
* Ogo Imisozi

### Parike z'igihugu

* Umusozi wa Daallo
* Parike ya Hargeisa

## Reba kandi

* Ubwubatsi bwa Somaliya
* Ibyangobwa by'urugendo bya Somaliland
* Ubwikorezi muri Somaliya
* Amateka yo mu nyanja ya Somaliya
* Politiki ya viza ya Somaliland
Joel Macharia

**Joel Macharia** ni we washinze Abacus akaba n'Umuyobozi mukuru wa Kenya, ikigo cya Kenya cyonyine cyo mu bucuruzi bw’imitungo myinshi. Abacus ituma abashoramari bo mu karere ndetse n’isi yose bashora imari mu bubiko bwa Kenya, inguzanyo za leta hamwe n’inguzanyo zishingiye kuri konti imwe. Isosiyete irashaka gutanga uburyo bwo kugera ku masoko akomeye ya Afurika kuri konti imwe mu myaka 3 iri imbere. Joel ni Forbes Top 30 Abatarengeje imyaka 30 na Business Daily Top 40 Abatarengeje imyaka 40.

## Amashuri
Joel Macharia yize muri Kaminuza ya Nairobi aho yakuye impamyabumenyi y'ikiciro cya kabiri mubijyanye n'ubucuruzi,kuva 2005 kugera 2002, Afite kandi iyi mpamyabumenyi mu mategeko yabonye 2005 muri iyi Kaminuza ya Nairobi. 

## Indanganturo
Isaac Oboth

Isaac Nekemiah yavukiye muri Uganda, umwe mu ba rwiyemezamirimo bakiri bato bagamije gukora Afurika "nshya". Niwe washinze kandi akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru wa Media 256 Ltd, imwe mu masosiyete akora firime na televiziyo byihuta cyane muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba. Ku myaka 17, Isaka yahaye akazi umufotozi waho wo gufata amashusho yamashuri yisumbuye. Ufata amashusho yibwiraga ko azabona inyungu nziza akora DVD yibirori, hanyuma akajya kugurisha izo DVD kubanyeshuri bigana.

## Amateka
Ibyumweru bibiri nyuma yo gusezerana, uwatanze amashusho yagejeje kuri Isaka 250 zanditseho DVD. Yuzuye umunezero, yahise yiruka muri laboratoire ya mudasobwa y'ishuri maze areba imwe muri DVD. Filime yari iteye ubwoba gusa! Guhindura byari bibi, umuziki wose wari wibeshye, byunvikana nkumushinga wambere uteye ubwoba. Igitangaje ariko, abo bigana barabikunze! Yagurishije umunsi umwe. Mu byukuri yagiye akora kopi nyinshi zifite amashusho yinyongera, ayita “verisiyo ya deluxe” ayigurisha ku giciro cyo hejuru. Ubunararibonye bwatumye Isaka agira amatsiko menshi kubyo bisaba gukora amashusho meza. Yatangiye gushakisha kumurongo no kureba amashusho yuburyo bwo kurasa no guhindura kuri YouTube. Icyatangiye nkamatsiko yoroshye byahise bihinduka. Igihe kimwe, yamaraga amasaha 16 kumunsi akina gusa na software yo gutunganya amashusho.

Nyuma y'amezi atandatu yo kureba inyigisho, Isaka yanditse Media 256, ltd. Isosiyete ikora firime na televiziyo yabaga i Kampala. Uyu munsi, Media 256 ifite abakozi 10 bigihe cyose kandi yarashe kandi itanga ibikomoka mubihugu birenga 36 byo muri Afrika. Itangazamakuru 256 ryakoze akazi ku bicuruzwa nka Coca Cola, Gahunda y’iterambere ry’umuryango w’abibumbye, Nestle, Ikigo cy’Amerika gishinzwe iterambere mpuzamahanga, Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubuyobozi Nyafurika n’Urusobe rw’amakuru (CNN). By'umwihariko kuri CNN, Media 256 irasa kandi ikabyara amajwi nyafurika hamwe nisoko rya Afrika. Isosiyete yanditswe na CNN ndetse n’Ubwongereza Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) kubera imbaraga zo kwandika inkuru ya Afurika.

Isaac yakiriwe neza kubera urugendo rwe rwo kwihangira imirimo. Muri 2011, yatsindiye igihembo cya Young Achiever kubera Filime na Televiziyo. Igihembo yamuhaye na ba perezida bombi ba Uganda n'u Rwanda ndetse n'umwamikazi wa Buganda. Muri 2012, Isaac yamenyekanye nka Mugenzi wa Anzisha. Muri 2014, 2015 na 2016, yashyizwe ku rutonde rwa Forbes “30 ba mbere bari munsi ya 30 ba rwiyemezamirimo bafite icyizere muri Afurika.” Inzozi za Isaac nugukora byimazeyo firime na TV byerekana kandi byishimira kwihangana kwabanyafurika, ubuhanga n'ubwiza.

## Indanganturo
Abubakar Sadick Fuseini

Abubakar ni rwiyemezamirimo w'imyaka 22 y'amavuko, ubu yiga Ikoranabuhanga mu micungire y'amasoko no gutanga amasoko muri kaminuza ya tekinike ya Kumasi muri Ghana. Afite ishyaka ryo gukemura bimwe mu bibazo bikomeye bya Afurika akoresheje ikoranabuhanga kandi yizera ko urundi rubyiruko rwashishikajwe no gutangira urugendo rwabo rwo kwihangira imirimo.

## Ubucuruzi
Abubakar yashinze Byihuse Gutanga Intambwe muri 2019. Gutanga Byihuse-Intambwe ni sosiyete itwara abantu n'ibikoresho ikorera muri Gana. Irashaka kuba serivise yo gutanga serivisi mukarere ke. Serivise umushinga utanga zirimo ariko ntabwo zigarukira gusa kubitangwa ryibigo, kugemura kugiti cyawe, ibikorwa byo murugo, kugemura ibitaro, ibiryo nibikoreshwa, kugemura parcelle mumashuri, ibigo byicumbikira, hamwe na serivise rusange hamwe na serivise.

## Urugendo rwo Kwihangirimirimo
Urugendo rwo kwihangira imirimo Abubakar rwatangiye ako kanya nyuma yishuri ryisumbuye. Yatangije igitekerezo cyubucuruzi bwe Byihuse Gutanga Intambwe nyuma yo kubona ko abantu n’amasosiyete barwanira kohereza no kwakira ibicuruzwa biva mu turere two hanze. Hamwe n'ubumenyi buke ku bijyanye no kwihangira imirimo, Abubakar yagombaga gushingira ku bushakashatsi buva kuri interineti ndetse n'abamukikije

## Indanganturo
Bassim-swé Hugues Bamass

Bassim-swé Hugues BAMASSI, rwiyemezamirimo wimyaka 21 ukomoka muri Togo, yavutse k'umubyeyi w'umushoferi wa Tagisi na nyina w'umutetsi. Yabuze se akiri muto, byamutwaye ubwana kuko yagombaga gukora nk'umucuruzi utwara ambilansi kugira ngo abone ibimutunga. Yakundaga ubuvuzi kandi abona inzozi ze zihinduka kwihangira imirimo nyuma yo kurwara mu mwaka we wa Mbere w'ishuri. 

H-Express yoherejwe ni isosiyete itwara abantu itwara amafunguro, ipaki, nibicuruzwa murugo. Kugira uruhare mu kurengera ibidukikije, ikoresha amagare mu gutanga amafunguro n'ibipaki bipima munsi ya 15kg; kuri parcelle ipima ibiro birenga 15, ikoreshwa rya moto cyangwa trikipiki. Bakoresha WhatsApp kugirango bahuze abakiriya babo muri serivisi zabo kuko igera kubantu benshi.

## Indanganturo
Kelvin Doe

**Kelvin Doe** (yavutse taliki 26 Ukwakira, 1996, muri Freetown, Sierra Leone), ni injeniyeri wa Siyera Lewoni.

## Umwuga
Kelvin Doe wavukiye mu gace gakennye ka Freetown, muri Siyera Lewone, ni umuhererezi muri batanu. Ako gace ntikabuze amashanyarazi n'amazi, kandi ntibyari byizewe ku buryo amatara yazaga rimwe gusa mu cyumweru. Afite imyaka 10 yatangiye gukusanya ibikoresho bishaje no gusiba ibyuma kugirango akore ikintu gishya muri cyo.

Yabikora abitandukanya ibikoresho bishaje kugirango arebe uko bikora, hanyuma abisubize hamwe nkibintu bishya byavuye mubitekerezo bye. Yubatse bateri na transmitter mu bice byajugunywe. Nyuma yaje kwitabira amarushanwa ya GMin's Innovate Salone igitekerezo, aho yageze kumukino wanyuma yubaka generator ivuye mubyuma. Yakoresheje icyumba cyo kuraramo nk'aho akorera aho yubatse bateri z'amatara y'amashanyarazi, na generator z'amashanyarazi igihe zitabonetse.

Yakoze imiyoboro ya radiyo maze atangiza radiyo ye ku izina rya DJ Focus. Guhishurirwa izina byaturutse ku myizerere ye ko yibanze, umuntu wese ashobora kugera kubyo aharanira. Kelvin yari afite imyaka 15 gusa igihe yubakaga radiyo, yakundaga gutangaza amakuru, umuziki n'ubutumwa bugamije amahoro n'ubumwe mu baturage be. Kevin yubatse moteri ikoresha radiyo. Yayubatsemo ibyuma bishaje, aside na soda. Nyuma yaje gukomeza guhanga no guhanga udushya. Kelvin ubu afite kandi akayobora isosiyete ye yikoranabuhanga nkumuyobozi mukuru. Isosiyete yitwa "K-Doe Tech, Inc" aho ategura akanagurisha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki

## Indanganturo
Chacha Nyaigotti-Chacha

Porofeseri **Chacha Nyaigotti-Chacha** (wavutse ku ya 22 Kanama 1952 mu Karere ka Kuria, Intara ya Nyanza, muri Kenya ) ni umwanditsi w'amakinamico wo muri Kenya kandi wize cyane . Yabaye umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w’inama nkuru ya kaminuza muri Afurika y’iburasirazuba (2000 &#x2013; 2010), kandi yabaye umuyobozi wa mbere w’ikigo cy’inguzanyo cy’amashuri makuru (Higher Education Loans Board) cyo mu gihugu cya Kenya (1995 &#x2013; 2000). Kuri ubu akora nk'umuyobozi wa komisiyo ishinzwe uburezi muri kaminuza ya Kenya (CUE).

Yize muri Kenyatta College, ahabwa BEd (y'Icyubahiro) (Ururimi rw'igiswahiri), nyuma yiga muri kaminuza ya Yale, ahabwa impamyabumenyi yisumbuyeho (MA) mu bijyanye n'indimi za Anthropologique n'impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga (Ph.D.) mu rurimi rw'igiswahili. Yabaye Umwarimu w'umunyeshuri n’Umwarimu mu rurimi rw’igiswahili n’indimi muri kaminuza ya Kenyatta nyuma akaza no kwigisha muri kaminuza ya Egerton muri Kenya. Yabaye Umwarimu w’ubushakashatsi mu kigo cy’ubufatanye bw’akarere n’iterambere rya kaminuza gatolika yo muri Afurika y’iburasirazuba.

## Ibyiza Yagezeho
2004 Yahawe Umudari w'Intwari Nkuru (OGW) Umudari (Kenya).

1994 Yahawe Umudari w'Ishimwe rya Leta (HSC) umudari (Kenya) kubera serivisi nziza.

## Bibliografiya

* *Ushairi wa Abdilatif Abdalla: Sautiya Utetezi*, Nyaigotti-Chacha, C., Itangazamakuru rya kaminuza ya Dar es Salaam (DUP), 1992. (Insanganyamatsiko y'imyigaragambyo mu gisigo cy'igiswahiri).
* *Ubuvuzi gakondo muri Afurika*, Bwahinduwe na Sindiga, Isaac, Nyaigotti-Chacha, C. na Kanunah, umudepite, Abanyafurika y'Iburasirazuba bashinzwe uburezi, 1995. 
* *Mke Mwenza*, Nyaigotti-Chacha, C., Abanditsi bo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba Uburezi, 1997, (Igitabo cy'inkuru y'Igiswahiri)
* *Wingu Jeusi*, Nyaigotti-Chacha, C., 1987, 
* *Hukumu*, Nyaigotti-Chacha, C., Longman Kenya, 1992,  / 
* *Marejeo*, Kenya Lit. Biro, 1986

## Ibindi bikorwa

* *Umwanya w' ikiswahili muri Kenya*, Nyaigotti-Chacha, C., kaminuza ya Nairobi, Institute of African Studies, 1981
* *Amashuri makuru yo muri Afurika mu kinyejana cya makumyabiri na rimwe*, Yateguwe na Paul Tiyambe Zeleza Adebayo Olukoshi, Igice cya 5: Kaminuza za Leta, Inkunga y’abikorera: Ibibazo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, Nyaigotti-Chacha, C., 2005
* *KUGARAGAZA UBUREZI BUKURU MU BIKORWA BYA KENYA, AMASOMO N'AMAHIRWE*, Nyaigotti-Chacha, C., Kenya Kanama 2004

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Amasomo ava muri Afrika
* Ingorane zo kwiga muri Afrika
Maina wa Kinyatti

**Maina wa Kinyatti** ni umuhanga mu by'amateka ya Marxiste wo muri Kenya akaba yarahoze ari imfungwa ya politiki ku butegetsi bw'igitugu bwa Daniel arap Moi . Afatwa nk'umushakashatsi wambere ku itsinda rya Mau Mau muri Kenya, imwe mu mpamvu zambere zatumye Kinyatti atabwa muri yombi agafungwa.  Amaze kurekurwa muri gereza ku ya 17 Ukwakira 1988 (nyuma yo kumara imyaka itandatu n'igice, ahanini yamaze afungiye wenyine), yahunze igihugu yerekeza muri Tanzaniya, atinya kongera gufungwa na guverinoma ya Moi. Nyuma y'ukwezi kumwe i Dar es Salaam, Kinyatti yahatiwe gusaba ubuhungiro bwa politiki muri Amerika.  Kinyatti yahawe igihembo cya PEN igihembo cy' Ubwisanzure bwo kwandika  mu mwaka w' 1988. 

## Reba

## Bibliografiya

* Inkuba iva ku misozi: Ibisigo n'indirimbo zo muri Mau Mau
* Mau Mau: Impinduramatwara yahemukiwe
* Urugamba rwo Kwishyira ukizana kwa Kenya: Impapuro za Dedan Kimathi
* Kenya: Ikaye ya Gereza
* Umubyeyi Kenya: Amabaruwa yavuye muri gereza 1982–1988
* Igihe cy'amaraso: Ibisigo byo muri gereza ya Kenya
Andrew Mupuya

Andereya yavukiye mu cyaro cya Mbale, muri Uganda, yimukiye i Kampala muri buruse ya kimwe cya kabiri kugira ngo yige ku rwego rwo hejuru. Andrew Mupuya ni we washinze uruganda rwa mbere rwa Uganda ruzwi nka paper bag company.

Nyuma byaje kuba inzitizi yo kumuha ibyo akeneye igihe yari ku ishuri ababyeyi be babaye abashomeri. Muri 2008, afite imyaka 16, Andereya yabonye amahirwe yisoko mugukora imifuka yimpapuro. Mu gihe guverinoma ya Uganda yegamiye ku kubuza gukoresha imifuka ya pulasitike ya polythene, Andereya yahisemo kwishora mu mushinga utangiza ibidukikije wo gukora impapuro.

Kubera ko nta murwa mukuru wambere, Andereya yasukuye ibidukikije akusanya amacupa ya pulasitike yakoreshejwe hanyuma ayagurisha ku ruganda rutunganya plastike. Amaze gukusanya umurwa mukuru w’imbuto wa mbere ingana na 36.000 shilingi ya Uganda ($ 18), yahise atangira gukora imifuka yimpapuro ku rugero ruto akiri mu mashuri yisumbuye.

## Amateka
Mu mwaka wa 2010, Andereya yiyandikishije mu isosiyete ye nshya, Youth Entrepreneurial Link Investments (YELI). Ubu YELI niyo sosiyete yambere yanditsweho impapuro hamwe namasosiyete akora amabahasha muri Uganda. Ubucuruzi bwe bwakuze bukoresha abantu 22, imfura muri zo ni 53. Abakiriya ba YELI barimo ibitaro byaho, amaduka acururizwamo, abagurisha umuhanda, amasoko akomeye, hamwe n’amasosiyete akomeye akora ifu yo mu karere nka Maganjo abasya ingano na Akamai Foods. YELI niwe wahawe amarushanwa ya miliyoni 2.6 yo muri Uganda ($ 1.000) amarushanwa ya gahunda yubucuruzi ya ILO. Ahereye ku byo yinjije, Andereya abasha kwishyura impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bucuruzi muri kaminuza ya Makerere, kwishyura umushahara ku bakozi be, kandi atunga umuryango we i Mbale afungura aho bagurisha imifuka n'ibahasha nyina agurisha. Usibye gucunga imishinga ye ikura, Andereya yabonye umwanya wo guhugura abantu barenga 500, cyane cyane urubyiruko, uburyo bwo gukora imifuka yimpapuro hifashishijwe indi mishinga 16. Intego ye bwite ni ugukoresha abantu 60 bitarenze 2015 no gushyiraho uruganda rukora impapuro kugirango agere ku cyerekezo cya Afrika isukuye.

Andereya ubu akoresha abantu 22 bose, kandi yagiye atandukanya umurongo we kugirango ashyiremo imifuka yimpano. Niwe wahawe igihembo cya FERD 2012 cya Rwiyemezamirimo wumwaka.

Andereya yagaragaye nko kuri Ventures Africa, CNN kandi yamenyekanye na Tony Elemelu igihembo cya Tony Elemelu igihembo cy’ubucuruzi mu 2014.

## Indanganturo
Mogau Seshoene

Mogau Seshoene numuyobozi mukuru nuwashinze Lazy Makoti, itanga amasomo yo guteka kumafunguro gakondo yo muri Afurika y'epfo. Ni na rwiyemezamirimo w’umugore wavukiye muri Afurika yepfo wakira ikiganiro cya TV cyigihugu gishingiye ku guteka muri Afrika y'epfo. Mogau Seshoene numukobwa ukiri muto wasangaga ashishikajwe nikindi kintu mbere yuko abona icyerekezo cya Lazy Makoti.

## Amavuko
Yavukiye mu mujyi mwiza wa Turfloop Mankweng mu mujyi wa Limpopo, Afurika y'Epfo. Nubwo akomoka muri Afurika adafite ubucuruzi busa nkubwe, yiganjemo isoko ryamafunguro akora byinshi mubya Afurika. 

## Amateka
Mogau Seshoene afite isosiyete ikemura ibiryo itanga ibiryo byo guteka, ibikoresho byibiribwa nibindi bikoresho nko gutema imbaho ​​nibindi, iterambere rya resept, hamwe no kugaburira bespoke. Umunebwe Makoti yabaye ubucuruzi bwiyemeje guteza imbere umuco n’umurage nyafurika yepfo mubindi bihugu bya Afurika.

## Indanganturo
Mariana Mahitiko

## Mariana Mahitiko, n'imfura mu bana bane, yarose kuba umwamikazi, umukinnyi wa filime, umunyamakuru, cyangwa umuganga. Yavutse 2000, izo nzozi zarahindutse ashaka kwigenga mu bijyanye n'amafaranga kugirango abone ibibatunga n'umuryango we. Iyo nzira yigenga yagaragaye kuva akiri ingimbi igihe yatangizaga imishinga mito cyangwa akabona akazi. Ariko, ntiyatinze kubona ko yahisemo cyane kuba nyir'ubucuruzi kuko ibyo byatumaga adashobora gukoresha igihe cye gusa ahubwo akanashiraho akazi. Mariana akora cyane kandi yuzuye icyifuzo, Mariana afite ibyifuzo byo gutsinda isi muri [[Afurika]].

## Amateka
Maison de Coutoure Mariana Reyel ashushanya kandi agurisha imyenda y'abagabo n'abagore muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Imyenda ikozwe cyane mubitambaro byo muri Afurika, ariko kandi ikoresha indi myenda. Imyambarire yabo itera imbaraga mumyambarire gakondo yo muri afrika hamwe nuburyo bugezweho butuma umugabo numugore wo muri Afrika ya kijyambere bumva ko ari moda kandi icyarimwe bakabona imizi n'amateka yabo mumyambarire yabo. Maison de Coutoure Mariana Reyel kugurisha imyenda haba mububiko ndetse no kumurongo bigatuma imyenda yabo iboneka muri DRC ndetse no kwisi yose. Ubucuruzi bwifuza kumenyekanisha no kwagura imideli nyafurika muri metaverse binyuze kumurongo werekana imideli. Hamwe nubucuruzi bushaka kwaguka, bategereje gushora imari mumahugurwa yo gushushanya azabafasha kuzamuka.

## Indanganturo
Doroles Mihanjo

Dolores ni rwiyemezamirimo w'imyaka 21 ukomoka i Kibaha, muri Tanzaniya. Ashishikajwe no gukorana n'abana bava mu mibereho ikennye kugira ngo babone uburezi bufite ireme. Mu rwego rwo kubaha imbaraga z'ejo hazaza heza kandi birashoboka ko bazahinduka aba Afurika bazahindura impinduka, yashinze Maktaba.

## Amateka
Dolores ni umunyeshuri urangije amashuri yisumbuye kandi yiyigisha porogaramu ya mudasobwa. Yashishikajwe no gutangiza umushinga we kuva amashuri yisumbuye. Dolores yahisemo guhagarika amashuri kandi afata umwaka umwe kugirango yibande ku kuzamura ubucuruzi bwe.

80% by'abanyeshuri biga mu mashuri abanza muri Tanzaniya ntibafite uburezi bufite ireme ukurikije imibare ya SACMEQ 2010. Kubera ko Dolores yari azi icyo kintu, yashinze Maktaba kugira ngo ahindure urwego rw’uburezi bwa digitale kugira ngo uburezi bufite ireme bugerweho ku giciro cyiza ku matsinda yose y’abantu. Maktaba agurisha inyandiko z'uburezi nkimpapuro zashize, inoti nibitabo bikubiyemo kumurongo kubabyeyi, amashuri, n'abarimu. Ibirimo birahari kurwego rwincuke kugeza mumashuri yisumbuye. Ubu bucuruzi bwashinzwe muri Tanzaniya kandi bufite abakiriya mu turere 13 two ku mugabane w'isi, aho abaguzi benshi baturuka i Dar es Salaam, Arusha na Dodoma.

Maktaba irimo gukemura ikibazo cyo gutandukanya uburezi bufite ireme mu banyeshuri bo mu cyaro no mu mijyi. Dolores yizera kubona uburinganire bungana kandi buringaniye nubwo uburinganire bwabo, ishuri cyangwa ubushobozi bwabo bwo kwiga. Kugeza 2026, afite intego yo kongera ijanisha ryabakobwa bafite ubumenyi bwibanze bwo gusoma no kwandika kuva 35% kugeza kuri 50% muri Tanzaniya. Afite kandi intego yo guhanga imirimo 400 ihoraho muri Tanzaniya.

## Indanganturo
Mike Muthiga

Mike Muthiga ni umuyobozi mukuru wa Fatboy Animations numuntu wihishe inyuma ya Faiba. Mike numwe mubagabo bashakishwa cyane muri animasiyo.

Umwuga wa Mike Muthiga watangiye igihe yari mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Alliance, ahitamo Ubuhanzi n'Ibishushanyo nk'umwe mu bo yigisha kandi abifashijwemo na mwarimu we w'ishuri yifuza cyane animasiyo.

Yabonye umwanya wo kugerageza ubuhanga bwe nka animateur muto hanyuma nyuma ayobora animateur umwaka umwe nigice hamwe na serivise izwi cyane ya Tinga Tinga.

## Amashuri
Yahoraga afite ishyaka rya animasiyo ariko igitutu cya societe cyamuteye gukora injeniyeri. Ku ikubitiro, Mike yakurikije inzira gakondo yumwuga nyuma yo kuva mumashuri yisumbuye, arangiza icyiciro cya injeniyeri nubwo asobanura ko ishyaka rya animasiyo ryakongejwe ryashimangiwe na Alliance mugihe yahisemo ubuhanzi nubushakashatsi.

## Akazi
Nyuma yo gukorana numuyoboro wa BBC & Disney mubikorwa bizwi cyane bya TingaTinga Tales yerekana amashusho (TV Citizen TV), Mike, hamwe ninshuti ye Sen Kanyare, bashizeho Fat Boy Animations. isosiyete ikora animasiyo igamije gutanga ibikubiye mubikorwa byo kwamamaza no kwidagadura.

## Indanganturo
Renata Silva

**Renata Silva** n'umugore wimyaka 20 ukunda kwihangira imirimo no kwerekana imideli. Yavukiye kandi akurira muri Angola, nyuma yimukira muri Namibiya. Kuba yararerewe mu muryango ushingiye ku bucuruzi, kwihangira imirimo byahoraga mu ntego ze, bityo amaze kubona ko akunda imyambarire, yabonye umwanya wo guhindura imyidagaduro ye yo kudoda mu bucuruzi. Muri Nyakanga 2020, yahisemo gushyira ahagaragara imyenda ye bwite aho ashushanya kandi akagurisha imyenda igezweho kandi igezweho ku rubyiruko ndetse n'abasore bakuze muri Namibiya

## Amateka
RS Imyenda Brand ni umurongo wimyenda itanga imyenda myiza, yimyambarire kandi ihendutse kubagabo nabagore bafite hagati yimyaka 15-25. Ikirango cyirata muburyo bwihuse nibice byakozwe. Imyambarire yihuse nigihe imyenda ikozwe mubunini busanzwe kandi igashirwaho nikirango. Iyi myenda iragurishwa kandi ikagurishwa kumurongo hanyuma igashyikirizwa abakiriya. Ibice byakorewe ibicuruzwa ni amabwiriza yakozwe kubakiriya runaka mugushushanya kwabo. Abakiriya bandika gahunda, baza mubipimo hanyuma berekane igishushanyo bifuza, hanyuma utegereze hagati yiminsi 5-7 y'akazi kugirango ubone igice cyabo. Renata yizeye ko vuba aha imyenda ya RS izaba ikirango kizwi cyane muri Namibiya.

## Amashuri
Dr. Starr yakiriye impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya mbere cya kaminuza yakuye muri kaminuza ya Loyala i Chicago, IL n'impamyabumenyi ye y'ubuvuzi yakuye muri kaminuza ya Illionis College of Medicine. Yarangije gutura muri OB / GYN mu kigo nderabuzima cya Winnie Palmer giherereye i Orlando, muri Floride.

Renata arangije amasomo ye muri Namibiya. Yiga mu mwaka wa kabiri w'icyiciro cya mbere cya kaminuza mu bijyanye n'ubucuruzi muri kaminuza ya Namibiya. Igihe yari afite imyaka 15, yatangiye gukora imiheto no kuyigurisha ku ishuri, guhera ku muheto atangira gukora amakaramu y’ikaramu yakozwe mu ntoki n’imifuka, amaherezo yinjira mu myenda akora binyuze mu bucuruzi bwe ubu, RS Clothing Brand.

## Indanganturo
Trushar Khetia

Trushar Khetia, ni umucuruzi wo muri Kenya na rwiyemezamirimo. Niwe washinze kandi akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru wa Tria Group yamasosiyete, harimo urunigi rwamaduka manini azwi nka societe yububiko bwa societe.

## Amavu n'amavuko

Yavutse ku ya 29 Ugushyingo 1986 i Kitale, mu Ntara ya Trans-Nzoia yo muri Kenya. Uyu muryango wari ufite iduka ricuruza kuva ryinjira muri Supermarkets ya Khetia. Yize mu mashuri abanza mbere yo kwimukira mu mashuri ya Nairobi kubera O-Urwego na A-Urwego. Afite imyaka 17, mu 2004, yinjiye mu ishuri ry’ubucuruzi rya Manchester, arangiza mu 2007, afite impamyabumenyi ya Bachelor of Business Management, inzobere mu kwamamaza.

## Akazi

Amaze kurangiza kaminuza, yabonye akazi mu Bwongereza, nk'umuyobozi ushinzwe iterambere ry'ubucuruzi muri Procter & Gamble (P&G), ahakorera imyaka 3 kugeza mu 2010. Muri Kamena 2011, yasubiye muri Kenya akora mu bucuruzi bw'umuryango i Kitale umwaka umwe. Nyuma yo kutumvikana na bamwe mu bagize umuryango ku bijyanye n’icyerekezo cy’ubucuruzi, yahisemo kwimukira i Nairobi maze yirukana wenyine. Muri 2013, yatangije Tria Group, ubucuruzi buzobereye mu kwamamaza ku bitangazamakuru bitambuka nka bisi n'indege. Yatangiriye ubucuruzi muri Kenya maze mu 2014 afungura ubucuruzi nk'ubwo muri Tanzaniya.

## Indanganturo
Ikigo cy’imari RIM

RIM ni kigo cy’imari iciriritse cyashinzwe na Kiliziya Gatorika mu Rwanda, n'ikigo kimaze y’imyaka myinshi mu rugendo rukomeje rwo gukura abantu mu bukene.

## Gutangira
RIM ubwo yatangiraga gukora nk'ikigo cy’imari iciriritse hari muri Gicurasi 2004, ubwo yabonaga uruhushya urutangwa nda Banki nkuru y’igihugu, ruyemerera gukora nk’ikigo cy’imari muri Ukwakira muri uwo mwaka. Muri 1998 nibwo hatangiye ikigo cy’ikigega ku gitekerezo cyari icya Caritas ya Arikidiyosezi ya Kigali, ubwo yari ifatanyije na za Caritas zo muzindi diyoseze. Icyo kigega rero cyahise gitangira gutanga inguzanyo z’igihe gito kubantu bakene n’abakoraga ubucuruzi bwo mu muhanda bitaga nkunganire, kugeza ubwo muri 2004 cyemererwa na Banki nkuru y’u Rwanda nk’ikigo cy’imari cyemewe gukorera mu Rwanda.

## Inguzanyo
Abatabgiranye na RIM yitwaga Nkunganire muri 1998. Icyo gihe ngo yafashaga abantu ibavana mu muhanda ikabaguriza bahera ku mafaranga ibihumbi 15,000 frw bagakora ubucuruzi buciriritse biteza imbere. Kuri ubu ngo ni abantu bafata inguzanyo ya miliyoni ebyiri muri RIM, akayakoresha mu bucuruzi. RIM urebye ikorera muri diyosezi zigera ku icyenda za Kiliziya Gatolika, no muri maparuwasi 78 yazo. Ikaba ihafite amashami 36 akoresha ikoranabuhanga rimwe rigezweho ryorohereza abakiliya gukoresha serivisi zayo aho bari hose.

## Amashakiro
Ubucuruzi bw'indagara

**Indagara** zizwi nka *Lepisma saccharinum* ni ubwoko bw'ifi akaba ari amafi matoya ,  zikaba ziri mu dusimba duto hafi y'inigwahabiri tutagira amababa dukurikije gahunda ya Zygentoma (izahoze ari Thysanura ). Izina ryayo rikomoka ku gakoko k'ifeza kijimye, kahujwe nuko kagaragara nk'amafi asa nuko agenda. Izina ry'o muri siyansi ni ( *L. saccharinum* ) ryerekana ko iyo uyariye haba harimo feza igizwe na karubone nziza icyenewe mu mubiri w'abantu, hamwe n'isukari cyangwa se ibinyamisogwe . Mugihe izina risanzwe rya *Indagara* rikoreshwa hose mubuvanganzo bwisi yose kugirango ryerekane amoko atandukanye ya mafi, Umuryango Entomologiya wo muri Amerika ukaba ubuza gukoresha iryo jambo gusa kuri *Lepisma saccharinum*.  Indagara zicuruzwa ku isoko ry'urwanda zikomoka muri tanzaniya ndetse ni burundi.

## Ibisobanuro
Ifi y'indagara ni agasimba gato baroba  nijoro kareshya milimetero ziri hagati ya 13--25 mu burebure.  Inda yayo irangiye, ikayiha isa n'amafi.  Ibishya byera, ariko uko ikura ikagira ibara ryijimye kandi ribonera cyane uko ikura.  Ifite nka maboko abyiri maremare, hamwe hejuru yinda hagati ya cerci. Ifite kandi amaso abiri mato, nubwo izindi za Zygentoma zidafite amaso rwose, mu muryango wa Nicoletiidae .  

## Reba
Banki mu Rwanda

**Banki** ni ikigo cyimari cyemera kubika ibivuye m'ubaturage, kandi nanone kigatanga inguzanyo isabwa mugihe kimwe.  Ibikorwa byo gutanga inguzanyo birashobora gukorwa na banki cyangwa mu buryo butaziguye binyuze ku isoko ry’imari n'imigabane.

Niyo mpamvu amabanki agira uruhare runini mu ihungabana ry’imari n’ubukungu bw’igihugu, inkiko nyinshi zifite amategeko menshi agenga amabanki. Ibihugu byinshi byashyizeho uburyo buzwi na banki ziciriritse, aho banki zifite umutungo utimukanwa uhwanye n'igice gusa cy'inshingano zabo. Usibye andi wwenda mabwiriza agamije kwemeza neza, amabanki muri rusange asabwa byibuze amafaranga asabwa ashingiye ku rwego mpuzamahanga rw’imari shingiro, Amasezerano ya Basel .

Amabanki mu buryo bugezweho yahindutse mu kinyejana cya cumi na kane mu mijyi yateye imbere ya Renaissance m'Ubutaliyani ariko mu buryo bwinshi yakoraga nk'ikomeza ry'ibitekerezo by'inguzanyo no kuguriza byari bifite inkomoko mu isi ya kera . Mu mateka ya banki, ingoma zitari nke za banki – cyane twavuga nka  Medicis, Fuggers, Welsers, Berenbergs, na Rothschilds – bagize uruhare runini mu binyejana byinshi. Banki ya kera cyane yo gucuruza ni Banki ya Monte dei Paschi di Siena (yashinzwe muri 1472), naho banki y'abacuruzi ya kera cyane ni Banki ya Berenberg  (yashinzwe muri 1590).

## Amateka
### Hagati
Ibihe by'amabanki bishobora kuba kuva mu gihe cyo hagati na banki Renaissance yo mu Butaliyani, mu mijyi ikize yo hagati hamwe mu majyaruguru nka Florence, Lucca, Siena, Venice na Genoa . Imiryango ya Bardi na Peruzzi yiganjemo amabanki mu kinyejana cya 14nka Florence, ishinga amashami mu bindi bice byinshi by’Uburayi.  Giovanni di Bicci de 'Medici yashyizeho imwe mu mabanki azwi cyane yo mu Butaliyani, nka Banki ya Medici, muri 1397.  Repubulika ya Genoa yashinze banki ya Leta izwi cyane yo kubitsa, Banco di San Giorgio (Banki ya Mutagatifu George), mu 1407 i Genoa, mu Butaliyani. 

## Banki Ziri mu Rwanda
MU Rwanda hari banki nyinshi , ibigo by'imari iciriritse, ariko ibyo ibyo byose bihagarariwe na banki nkuru y'u Rwanda , ariyo ishyiraho amabwiriza n'amategeko.

* Banki Crane Rwanda
* Banki ishinzwe imiturire mu Rwanda
* Banki ishinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda
* Banki NCBA Rwanda
* Banki y'Amakoperative mu Rwanda
* Banki y'Iterambere rya Afurika y'Iburasirazuba
* Banki y'Ubucuruzi ya Afurika
* Banki y'Urwego
* Banki ya Equity
* Banki ya GT Rwanda
* Banque Populaire du Rwanda
* COGEBANQUE
* Ecobank Rwanda
* Equity Bank Rwanda Limited

* I&M Banki Rwanda
* Imari iciriritse

* KCB Bank Rwanda

* Zigama CSS

*

## Reba
Ubucuruzi bw'amafi mu Rwanda

**Ubworozi bw’amafi mu Rwanda** burazamuka burigihe cyane. Ubundi amafi yororerwaga mu biyaga no mu byuzi biri muri za kareremba, ariko ubu abantu ku giti cyabo basigaye bakora ishoramari muri ubwo bworozi iryo bigabanya ingano y’amafi yatumizwaga hanze. Nko mu gihe cyo muri guma mu rugo, Kuko Abanyarwanda barya amafi yororerwa mu Rwanda gusa.

## Ubworozi

Mu Karere ka Rusizi duhafite umworozi ugeza ku musaruro wa toni zirenga 15 z’amafi mu cyumweru, kandi n’ubu akomeje kwagura ubwo bworozi bwe kuko afite ahantu hahagije. Muri utwo turere nka Rusizi na Rubavuo harimo aborozi b’amafi kandi nanone bakaba ari n’abacuruzi bayo, ikindi gishya cyajemo mu bucuruzi bw’amafi,  ni uko umuntu ashobora kugura amafi ari i Kigali, uyamugurishije ari nka Rusizi akayapakira mu modoka yabyo yabugenewe akayamugezeho akiri mazima.

## Ubucuruzi
Ubucuruzi bw’amafi urebye buhagaze neza mu Rwanda, ariko nanone aho bugenda cyane ni mu Mujyi wa Kigali kubera ko aha hari  abantu benshi n'isoko rinini ndetse nonone mu turere twundi mu Rwanda, urebye duherereye ku mupaka n’igihugu nka Repubulika ya Demukarasi ya Kongo nka Rusizi na Rubavu.

Nubwo ibiciro byihagaze bityo bigenda kandi bihundagurika, ahantu hacururizwa izo fi zigurishwa zikiri nzima zoga mu mazi, ahacururizwa izindi fi nka tilapiya, zituruka mu biyaga byo mu Bugesera nka Rweru na Cyohoha, aho usanga ibiciro bya Tilapiya nibya Tomusoni ari nka bimwe, kuko ikilo cya Tilapiya bakabigurisha amafaranga 2,500Frw ni cya Tomusoni kikagura amafaranga 2,500Frw nk’uko bivugwa n’abacuruzi usazwe uzicuruza.

## Amashakiro
Gina Din-Kariuki

Gina Din-Kariuki (wavutse Gina Din,  ku ya 23 Ukwakira 1961) ni umucuruzi w’umunyakenya w’inzobere mu itumanaho n’ububanyi n’abaturage muri Kenya.  Azwi cyane nk'uwashinze akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru wa Gina Din Corporate Communications, yatangiye nyuma yo kuva ku mirimo ye nk'umuyobozi ushinzwe itumanaho muri Barclays Bank of Kenya mu 1997.

## Indanganturo