open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Intara ya Bitlis

**Intara ya Bitlis ** (izina mu giturukiya : *Bitlis ili*) n’intara muri Turukiya. Umurwa mukuru w’intara ya Bitlis witwa umujyi wa Bitlis. Abaturage 428,489 .

## Uturere twa Bingöl
* Akarere k’Adilcevaz
* Akarere k’Ahlat
* Akarere ka Bitlis
* Akarere ka Güroymak
* Akarere ka Hizan
* Akarere ka Mutki
* Akarere ka Tatvan

## references
 

## Imiyoboro
Intara ya Bolu

**Intara ya Bolu ** (izina mu giturukiya : *Bolu ili* ) n’intara muri Turukiya. Umurwa mukuru w’intara ya Bolu witwa umujyi wa Bolu. Abaturage 270,417 .

## Uturere twa Bolu
* Akarere ka Bolu
* Akarere ka Dörtdivan
* Akarere ka Gerede
* Akarere ka Göynük
* Akarere ka Kıbrıscık
* Akarere ka Mengen
* Akarere ka Mudurnu
* Akarere ka Seben
* Akarere ka Yeniçağa

## references
 

## Imiyoboro
Intara ya Burdur

**Intara ya Burdur ** (izina mu giturukiya : *Burdur ili*) n’intara muri Turukiya. Umurwa mukuru w’intara ya Burdur witwa umujyi wa Burdur. Abaturage 251,181 .

## Uturere twa Burdur
* Akarere k’Ağlasun
* Akarere k’Altınyayla
* Akarere ka Bucak
* Akarere ka Burdur
* Akarere ka Çavdır
* Akarere ka Çeltikçi
* Akarere ka Gölhisar
* Akarere ka Karamanlı
* Akarere ka Kemer
* Akarere ka Tefenni
* Akarere ka Yeşilova

## references
 

## Imiyoboro
Intara ya Bursa

**Intara ya Bursa ** (izina mu giturukiya : *Bursa ili*) n’intara muri Turukiya. Umurwa mukuru w’intara ya Bursa witwa umujyi wa Bursa. Abaturage 2,125,140 .

## Uturere twa Bursa
* Akarere ka Büyükorhan
* Akarere ka Gemlik
* Akarere ka Gürsu
* Akarere ka Harmancık
* Akarere k’İnegöl
* Akarere k’İznik
* Akarere ka Karacabey
* Akarere ka Keles
* Akarere ka Kestel
* Akarere ka Mudanya
* Akarere ka Mustafakemalpaşa
* Akarere ka Nilüfer
* Akarere k’Orhaneli
* Akarere k’Orhangazi
* Akarere k’Osmangazi
* Akarere ka Yenişehir
* Akarere ka Yıldırım

## references
 

## Imiyoboro
Intara ya Bilecik

**Intara ya Bilecik ** (izina mu giturukiya : *Bilecik ili*) n’intara muri Turukiya. Umurwa mukuru w’intara ya Bilecik witwa umujyi wa Bilecik. Abaturage 225,381 .

## Uturere twa Bilecik
* Akarere ka Bilecik
* Akarere ka Bozüyük
* Akarere ka Gölpazarı
* Akarere k’İnhisar
* Akarere k’Osmaneli
* Akarere ka Pazaryeri
* Akarere ka Söğüt
* Akarere ka Yenipazar

## references
  

## Imiyoboro
Intara ya Bingöl

**Intara ya Bingöl ** (izina mu giturukiya : *Bingöl ili*) n’intara muri Turukiya. Umurwa mukuru w’intara ya Bingöl witwa umujyi wa Bingöl. Abaturage 255,170 .

## Uturere twa Bingöl
* Akarere k’Adaklı
* Akarere ka Bingöl
* Akarere ka Genç
* Akarere ka Karlıova
* Akarere ka Kiğı
* Akarere ka Solhan
* Akarere ka Yayladere
* Akarere ka Yedisu

## references
  

## Imiyoboro
Intara ya Giresun

**Intara ya Giresun** (izina mu giturukiya : *Giresun ili*) n’intara muri Turukiya. Umurwa mukuru w’intara ya Giresun witwa umujyi wa Giresun. Abaturage 417,505 .

## Uturere twa Giresun
* Akarere k’Alucra
* Akarere ka Bulancak
* Akarere ka Çamoluk
* Akarere ka Çanakçı
* Akarere ka Dereli
* Akarere ka Doğankent
* Akarere k’Espiye 
* Akarere k’Eynesil
* Akarere ka Giresun
* Akarere ka Görele 
* Akarere ka Güce
* Akarere ka Keşap
* Akarere ka Piraziz
* Akarere ka Şebinkarahisar 
* Akarere ka Tirebolu
* Akarere ka Yağlıdere    

## references
  

## Imiyoboro
Intara ya Gümüşhane

**Intara ya Gümüşhane ** (izina mu giturukiya : *Gümüşhane ili*) n’intara muri Turukiya. Umurwa mukuru w’intara ya Van witwa umujyi wa Gümüşhane. Abaturage 130,825 .

## Uturere twa Gümüşhane
* Akarere ka Gümüşhane 
* Akarere ka Kelkit
* Akarere ka Köse 
* Akarere ka Kürtün 
* Akarere ka Şiran
* Akarere ka Torul

## references
  

## Imiyoboro
Intara ya Denizli

**Intara ya Denizli ** (izina mu giturukiya : *Denizli ili*) n’intara muri Turukiya. Umurwa mukuru w’intara ya Denizli witwa umujyi wa Denizli. Abaturage 931,823 .

## Uturere twa Denizli
* Akarere k’Acıpayam
* Akarere k’Akköy
* Akarere ka Babadağ
* Akarere ka Baklan
* Akarere ka Bekilli
* Akarere ka Beyağaç
* Akarere ka Bozkurt
* Akarere ka Buldan
* Akarere ka Çal
* Akarere ka Çameli
* Akarere ka Çardak
* Akarere ka Çivril
* Akarere ka Denizli
* Akarere ka Güney
* Akarere ka Honaz
* Akarere ka Kale
* Akarere ka Sarayköy
* Akarere ka Serinhisar
* Akarere ka Tavas

## references
 

## Imiyoboro
Intara ya Diyarbakır

**Intara ya Diyarbakır ** (izina mu giturukiya : *Diyarbakır ili*) n’intara muri Turukiya. Umurwa mukuru w’intara ya Diyarbakır witwa umujyi wa Diyarbakır. Abaturage 1,051,511 .

## Uturere twa Diyarbakır
* Akarere ka Bağlar
* Akarere ka Bismil
* Akarere ka Çermik
* Akarere ka Çınar
* Akarere ka Çüngüş
* Akarere ka Dicle
* Akarere k’Eğil
* Akarere k’Ergani
* Akarere ka Hani
* Akarere ka Hazro
* Akarere ka Kayapınar
* Akarere ka Kocaköy
* Akarere ka Kulp
* Akarere ka Lice
* Akarere ka Silvan
* Akarere ka Sur
* Akarere ka Yenişehir

## references
  

## Imiyoboro
Keçiören

**Akarere ka Keçiören** (izina mu giturukiya : *Keçiören ilçesi* ) ni akarere kari mu ntara y’Ankara y’igihugu cya Turukiya. Akarere ka Keçiören ni kamwe mu turere 16 tugize Intara y’Ankara. Akarere gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 779.905 (abagabo 385.062 n'abagore 394.843) , batuye kubuso bwa km² 189,88. 

## Izina
Iryo zina ryakomotse ku magambo 2 yo m’ururimi rw’igiturukiya ariyo (**keçi** 'ihene' na **ören** 'the ruin').

## Akarere gahana imbibe
Gahana imbibi na:
:Mu majyaruguru : Akarere ka Pursaklar n’Akarere ka Kazan
:Mu burasirazuba : Akarere k’Altındağ
:Mu majyepfo : Akarere k’Altındağ
:Mu burengerazuba : Akarere ka Yenimahalle

## Ubuyobozi bwa Keçiören
:Umuyobozi w’akarere : Mustafa Güler
:Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Mustafa Ak

## Imibare y’abaturage

## references


## Imiyoboro
* Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Keçiören
* Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi wa Keçiören
Etimesgut

**Akarere k’Etimesgut** (izina mu giturukiya : *Etimesgut ilçesi* ) ni akarere kari mu ntara y’Ankara y’igihugu cya Turukiya. Akarere k’Etimesgut ni kamwe mu turere 16 tugize Intara y’Ankara. Akarere gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 313.770 (abagabo 161.982 n’abagore 151.788) , batuye kubuso bwa km² 49,19 . 

## Akarere gahana imbibe
Gahana imbibi na:
:Mu majyaruguru :  Akarere ka Yenimahalle 
:Mu burasirazuba : Akarere ka Yenimahalle n’Akarere ka Çankaya
:Mu majyepfo : Akarere ka Çankaya n’Akarere ka Yenimahalle
:Mu burengerazuba : Akarere ka Sincan

## Ubuyobozi bw’Etimesgut
:Umuyobozi w’akarere  : Mehmet Kalyoncu
:Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Enver Demirel

## Imibare y’abaturage

## references


## Imiyoboro
*Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere k’Etimesgut
*Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi w’Etimesgut
Yenimahalle

**Akarere ka Yenimahalle** (izina mu giturukiya : *Yenimahalle ilçesi* ) ni akarere kari mu ntara y’Ankara y’igihugu cya Turukiya. Akarere ka Yenimahalle ni kamwe mu turere 16 tugize Intara y’Ankara. Akarere gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 609.887 (abagabo 299.146 n’abagore 310.741) , batuye kubuso bwa km² 274,16 . 

## Izina
Iryo zina ryakomotse ku magambo 2 yo m’ururimi rw’igiturukiya ariyo («**yeni**» 'gishya' na «**mahalle**» 'quarter').

## Akarere gahana imbibe
Gahana imbibi na:

Yenimahalle (Merkez), Batıkent, Demetevler...:
:Mu majyaruguru :  Akarere ka Kazan n’Akarere ka Pursaklar
:Mu burasirazuba : Akarere ka Keçiören
:Mu majyepfo : Akarere k’Altındağ, Akarere ka Çankaya  n’Akarere k’Etimesgut 
:Mu burengerazuba : Akarere ka Sincan 

Ümitköy, Çayyolu...:
:Mu majyaruguru :  Akarere ka Sincan n’Akarere k’Etimesgut
:Mu burasirazuba : Akarere ka Çankaya n’Akarere ka Gölbaşı
:Mu majyepfo : Akarere ka Gölbaşı n’Akarere ka Polatlı
:Mu burengerazuba : Akarere ka Polatlı

## Ubuyobozi bwa Yenimahalle
:Umuyobozi w’akarere  : Kenan Çiftçi
:Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Fethi Yaşar

## Imibare y’abaturage

## references
  

## Imiyoboro
*Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Yenimahalle
*Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi wa Yenimahalle
Akyurt

**Akarere k’Akyurt** (izina mu giturukiya : *Sincan ilçesi* ) ni akarere kari mu ntara y’Ankara y’igihugu cya Turukiya. Akarere k’Akyurt ni kamwe mu turere 16 tugize Intara y’Ankara. Akarere gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 24.986 (abagabo 12.676 n’abagore 12.310) , batuye kubuso bwa km² 212,16 . 

## Izina
Iryo zina ryakomotse ku magambo 2 yo m’ururimi rw’igiturukiya ariyo («**ak**» 'cyera' na «**yurt**» 'homeland').

## Akarere gahana imbibe
Gahana imbibi na:
:Mu majyaruguru : Akarere ka Çubuk, n’Akarere ka Kalecik 
:Mu burasirazuba : Akarere ka Kalecik 
:Mu majyepfo : Akarere ka Kalecik, Akarere k’Elmadağ n’Akarere k’Altındağ
:Mu burengerazuba : Akarere ka Çubuk, Akarere ka Pursaklar n’Akarere k’Altındağ

## Ubuyobozi bw’Akyurt
:Umuyobozi w’akarere : Mustafa Yiğit
:Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Gültekin Ayantaş

## Imibare y’abaturage

## references


## Imiyoboro
* Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere k’Akyurt
* Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi k’Akyurt
Balâ

**Akarere ka Balâ** (izina mu giturukiya : *Balâ ilçesi* ) ni akarere kari mu ntara y’Ankara y’igihugu cya Turukiya. Akarere ka Balâ ni kamwe mu turere 16 tugize Intara y’Ankara. Akarere gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 29.239 (abagabo 14.749 n’abagore 14.490) , batuye kubuso bwa km² 2.830 .

## Akarere gahana imbibe
Gahana imbibi na:
:Mu majyaruguru :  Akarere ka Çankaya, Akarere ka Mamak n’Akarere k’Elmadağ
:Mu burasirazuba : Intara ya Kırıkkale n’Intara ya Kırşehir
:Mu majyepfo : Akarere ka Şereflikoçhisar n’Intara ya Konya
:Mu burengerazuba : Akarere ka Haymana n’Akarere ka Gölbaşı

## Ubuyobozi bwa Balâ
:Umuyobozi w’akarere  : Günay Öztürk
:Umuyobozi w’umujyi : İbrahim Gürbüz

## Imibare y’abaturage

## references


## Imiyoboro
*Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Balâ
*Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi wa Balâ
Şereflikoçhisar

**Akarere ka Şereflikoçhisar** (soma "shereflikochisar"; izina mu giturukiya : *Şereflikoçhisar ilçesi* ) ni akarere kari mu ntara y’Ankara y’igihugu cya Turukiya. Akarere ka Şereflikoçhisar ni kamwe mu turere 16 tugize Intara y’Ankara. Akarere gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 35.353 (abagabo 17.643 n’abagore 17.710) , batuye kubuso bwa km² 2.034 .

## Akarere gahana imbibe
Gahana imbibi na:
:Mu majyaruguru :  Akarere ka Balâ 
:Mu burasirazuba : Akarere k’Evren, Intara ya Kırşehir n’Intara y’Aksaray
:Mu majyepfo : Ikiyaga cya Tuz n’Intara y’Aksaray
:Mu burengerazuba : Ikiyaga cya Tuz n’Intara ya Konya

## Ubuyobozi bwa Şereflikoçhisar
:Umuyobozi w’akarere  : E. Rumi Yıldız
:Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Ramazan Ceylan

## Imibare y’abaturage

## references
  

## Imiyoboro
*Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Şereflikoçhisar
*Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi wa Şereflikoçhisar
Ihene y’Ankara

**Ihene y’Ankara** (izina mu giturukiya : *Ankara keçisi* cyangwa *tiftik keçisi* ; izina mu cyongereza  *Angora goat*) ni itungo (ubwoko bw’ihene) i Ankara muri Turukiya.
Setariya

**Setariya** (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini *Setaria italica*) ni ikimera. 

Isaba kwitabwaho cyane ibagarirwa ikanafumbirwa. Bitabaye ibyo, urwiri rurayica.

Imirongo 2 itandukanywa na cm 20 kandi ku murongo umwe, akamanyu gatandukanywa n’akandi na cm 20.
Tribusakumu

**Tribusakumu** (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini  *?*) ni ikimera.

Itanga ubwatsi bwinshi

Hagati y’umurongo n’undi hajya cm 40 naho ku murongo umwe,hagati y’igitsinsi n’ikindi hajya cm 30.
Urubingo

**Urubingo** (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini  *Pennisetum purpureum*) ni ikimera.

Ubwoko bwa French cameroun ni rwo rwiza kandi rutanga ubwatsi bwinshi kuruta ibindi byatsi. Kurukorera ntibigoye kandi ntirupfa gucika. Basiga cm 40 hagati y’imirongo na cm 20 hagati y’ingeli.

Ubu ni uburyo bwifashishwa mu buhinzi aho batera ibyatsi bifite imizi miremire bigafata ubutaka bushobora kugenda bitewe ni isuri aha twavuga nka tiribusakumu, sitariya, mukuna.Ubu ni uburyo bwakoreshwaga kuva kera aho bateraga ibtatsi bifata amazi y’imvura ku mirongo bakurikije imiterere y’umusozi. iyi ni  imirwanyasuri ifatana nibindi ibyatsi bifata ubutaka bityo bikorohereza amazi y’imvura kwinjira mu butaka.

## Amashakiro
Penisetumu

**Penisetumu** (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini  *Pennisetum*) ni ikimera.

## Amoko ya penisetumu
**Pennisetum purpureum* (Urubingo)
Ikasiya

**Ikasiya** cyangwa **Cassiya** (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini  *Senna spectabilis* cyangwa *Cassia spectabilis* na *Cassia siamea* ) ni ubwoko bw’ikimera.
Ipapaya

**Ipapaya** ni urubuto ku isoko rusigaye ruhenda, nyamara uruteye ntiharenga umwaka rutarera kuko ni rumwe mu mbuto zera vuba. Mu kurya ipapayi urarihata ukanakuramo utubuto tw’imbere kuko nubwo natwo ari umuti ariko turarura. 

## Ipapayi rikize kuri byinshi:

* Vitamini A
* Vitamin C
* Vitamini E
* Beta-carotene
* Papain-amata yaryo
* Imyunyu-ngugu itandukanye

## '''Akamaro k’ipapayi ku buzima'''

* Ipapayi ni umuti uvura kwituma impatwe cyangwa kutituma. Kurirya byibuze gatatu ku munsi birabivura
* Amata yaryo azwiho gukoreshwa mu nganda zikora shikareti n’izibika inyama mu makopo. Ndetse anatuma inzoga zo mu nganda zigumana umwimerere wazo.
* Irinda kanseri cyane cyane iyo mu Mara kuko ryoza mu nda
* Ku barwaye diyabete ni ryiza kuko nta sukari nyinshi ibamo. Agakombe k’umutobe waryo kaba gafite garama 8.3 gusa.
* Rifasha mu kugabanya umubyibuho kuko uretse kuba ridafite isukari nyinshi rinatera igihagisha bityo ntube warya byinshi.

* Rizwiho kurinda indwara zinyuranye z’umutima kuko rituma amaraso atembera neza.
* Nk’urubuto rukize kuri vitamin C, rifasha mu kongera abasirikare barinda umubiri no kubongerera ingufu
* Ku bagabo rifasha igitsina mu kongera umurego mu gihe cy’imibonano kuko rizwiho kuzibura imitsi y’amaraso
* Rirwanya cholesterol mbi mu mubiri. Iyi twavuzeko ituma imitsi y’amaraso iziba kuko iba imeze nk’iyagiyeho ingese.
* Nkuko twabibonye rikize kuri vitamin A. Iyi izwiho kurwanya ubuhumyi n’izindi ndwara z’amaso
* Kurirya birwanya rubagimpande, kuribwa mu ngingo n’ubundi bubabare bunyuranye
* Rifasha mu gutunganya uruhu no kururinda gusaza. Niyo mpamvu hari amavuta yo kwisiga usanga rivanzemo
* Ku bakobwa n’abagore rirwanya kuribwa uri mu mihango.

* Waba uvuye ku kazi unaniwe cyane? Hita urya ipapayi kuko riragufasha kumva uruhutse kuko rirwanya stress.
* Amababi yaryo akiri mato aribwa nk’imboga. Uko bitegurwa tuzabivugaho.
* Imbuto zaryo zizwiho kurwanya inzoka zo mu nda kimwe n’amata yaryo. Nabyo tuzabivugaho ukwabyo.

## Ibindi

# Rihabwa umwana ari uko byibuze agejeje amezi 8. Kuko ni rumwe mu mbuto zishobora gutera ubwivumbure.
# Kurirya ridahiye neza bishobora kukuryaryata ku munwa no ku rurimi kubera amata yaryo. Ni byiza kurirya rihiye neza.
# Umugore utwite agomba kwirinda iridahiye neza kimwwe n’amata yaryo iyo ridahiye kuko byagaragaye ko rihungabanya umwana uri mu nda iyo ririwe ari ribisi
# Uririye rikakugwa nabi, ubwo umubiri wawe uba urigiraho ubwivumbure. Urarizibukira.

## Amashakiro
Ipapaya y’umusozi

**Ipapaya y’umusozi** (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini  *Vasconcellea pubescens* cyangwa *Carica cundinamarcensis* ) ni igiti n’urubuto.
Ikinyomoro

**Ikinyomoro** (ubwinshi: **Ibinyomoro**) cyangwa **Itunda** (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini *Solanum betaceum* cyangwa *Cyphomandra betacea*) ni igiti n’urubuto. Amazina yacyo azwi ni **Tamarillo/Tamamoro** cyangwa **Tree tomato** mu Cyongereza, cyangwa na none **tomate de árbol** mu ki Español.
Ikinyomoro cyizamo intungamubiri nyinshi 
Amavitamine A,C,E ndetse na pro vitamini A.
Ni isoko nziza ya ma vitamins ya B complex niacin,thiamine na riboflavini,ni izindi.Ikinyomoro kandi cyongera amaraso mu mbiri wumuntu ndetse kikanafasha amaraso gutembera neza mu mubiri wumuntu ndetse no mu mutima.
Umubunda (pinusi)

**Umubunda** cyangwa **Pinusi** (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini *Pinus*) ni igiti.

* Amahwa ya Kasi (*Pinus*
Ubwoko butandukanye bw'igiti cy'umubunda bwatewe mugice kidashyushye ntikinakonje.

## Amashakiro
Akaziraruguma

**Akaziraruguma** cyangwa **Umwungo** (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini  *Begonia meyeri-johannis*) ni ubwoko bw’ikimera.
Amadwedwe

**Amadwedwe** (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini  *Euphorbia grantii* cyangwa *Synadenium grantii*) ni ubwoko bw’ikimera.
Umukunde

**Umukunde** cyangwa **Itenderwa ** (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini *Cajanus cajan* cyangwa *Cajanus indicus* ) ni ikimera.
Igicumucumu (Bothriocline)

**Igicumucumu** (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini  *Bothriocline ugandensis*) ni ikimera. Leonotis nepetifolia.jpg
Igikamba

**Igikamba** cyangwa **Itabi** (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini  *Nicotianum tabacum*) ni ikimera.

***Igitabitabi** (izina cyongereza  *wild tobacco*).
Ikibonobono (Ricinus)

**Ikibonobono ** (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini  *Ricinus communis*) ni ikimera.

Igiti cy’ikibobono ni kimwe mu biti byagando bifite agaciro gakomeye mu Rwanda no muri Afurika. Iki giti gifite ubushobozi bwo gutanga inyungu zitandukanye ku buzima bw'abantu, ubw'amatungo, ndetse n'ibidukikije.https://igihe.com/serivisi/kwamamaza/article/eco-bank-194518  

## Umumaro  w'ikibonobono ku Buzima bwa Muntu

* **Imiti y'ibyatsi :** Ikibobono  Kizwiho mu  gukoreshwa mu kuvura indwara     zitandukanye. Ibice byacyo nka amababi uruti n'imbuto .
* **Ibiribwa**: Bamwe bakoresha imbuto z'iki giti mu gukora ibintu bishobora kuribwa, ndetse hakavamo na amavuta.

## '''Umumaro w'ikibonobono ku Bidukikije'''

* **Kurwanya isuri**:  Igiti cy' ikibonobono gifite imizi ikomeye ituma ubutaka budatwarwa   n’isuri. Giteza imbere kubungabunga ubutaka mu misozi no mu bibaya.
* **Gukomeza ubutaka**: Imizi yacyo ishyigikira ubutaka, bikagabanya gucikamo ibinogo cyangwa     guhungabanya ibidukikije.
* **Gutanga igicucu**:Kuri ubu hifashishwa iki giti mu guha ibicucu  ibindi bihingwa.

## '''Umumaro w'ikibonobono ku Bukungu'''

* **Ibikoresho**: Iki giti cyifashishwa mu gukora ibikoresho by’inganda n’ubwubatsi havamo amavuta ya moteri.
* **Imirimo y’amaboko**: Abahinzi n’abaturage babona akazi mu bikorwa byo gutera ibiti no     kubyitaho, bikaba intandaro yo kubona amafaranga no gutuma ubuzima buba  bwiza.
Igicumucumu

**Igicumucumu** ni1. Igicumucumu (Leonotis) 2. Igicumucumu (Bothriocline). *Manihot glaziovii*

## Tumenye Igicumucumu

Igicumucumu cyifashishwa mukuvura rubagimpande,mu kuvura indwara ya tifoyide,igitsina gore kigira uburibwe mugihe bari mu mihango,ibisebe bya mburugu,indwara z'ubuhumekero,indwara z'uruhu,indwara zifata mu urwungano rw'inkari.Igicumucumu kikiri kibisi bagishyira mumazi bakagitogosa bakayungururura amazi avuyemo noneho akifashishwa avura cyangwa nk'umuti w'iseseme no kuruka.Igicumucumu hari nabacyifashisha mukuvura inzoka zo munda.Igicumucumu kigaragara nkicyavura indwara nyinshi zitandukanye.Ni icyatsi cyangwa se ikimera cyifashishwa mu kuvura indwara nyinshi muri Afurika n'Ubuhinde.Mugihe cya kera abantu bakivuza ibyatsi bakoreshaga amababi y'igicumucumu bakayavuguta cyangwa bakayasekura nuko bagashyira ahababara umuntu akagenda yoroherwa bidatinze.Igicumucumu iyo ukoresheje amababi yacyo neza turiya tubuto twacyo n'indabo zacyo bifite akamaro mukubikoresha mukuvura.Igicumucumu ni ikimera cyiza kibaho kugira ngo kitugirire umumaro mu kuvura.Hari Ibiti cyangwa ibimera nk'igicumucumu byifashishwa mukuvura bigenda bikendera kimwe na amashyamba kimeza agenda akendera.

## Amashakiro
Igicumucumu (Leonotis)

**Igicumucumu** (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini  *Leonotis nepetifolia*) ni ikimera.

Igicumucumu (*Leonotis nepetifolia*) hamwe n’umubirizi (*Vernonia amygdalina*) ni ibiti bifite uruhare rukomeye mu buvuzi bw’indwara y’inzoka zo mu nda ku matungo .
Ikiba

**Ikiba** cyangwa **Umuduha** (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini  *Euphorbia candelabrum*) ni igiti . Sapium

File:Euphorbia candelabrum 002.JPG
File:Euphorbia candelabrum 003.JPG
File:Euphorbia candelabrum 004.JPG
Ikinyankurwe

**Ikinyankurwe** (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini  *Clerodendrum fuscum* cyangwa *Clerodendrum johnstonii*) ni ikimera.
Inyabarasanya

**Inyabarasanya** (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini  *Bidens pilosa*) ni ikimera.
(Irindi zina mu kinyarwanda**Rurasanirabagabo**)
Inzirane

**Inzirane** (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini  *Senna floribunda * cyangwa *Cassia floribunda* ) ni ikimera.
Kavunjahomo

**Kavunjahomo** cyangwa **Akavunjahoma** (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini  *Dysphania ambrosioides* cyangwa *Chenopodium ambrosioides* ) ni ikimera.
Umufumbageshi

**Umufumbageshi** (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini  *Balthasaria schliebenii* var. *intermedia*) ni ikimera.
Umugano

**Umugano** cyangwa se imigano ni izina ry’ubumenyi rituruka mu kilatini  *Yushania alpina* cyangwa *Arundinaria alpina*) ni ikimera.
Umugwamporo

**Umugwamporo** cyangwa **Umuboboli** , **Umudoboli** , **Umubori** , **Umundondori** , **Umurangara ** (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini  *Trema orientalis*) ni ubwoko bw’igiti .
Umukuzanyana

**Umukuzanyana** (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini *Rotheca myricoides* cyangwa *Clerodendrum myricoides* ) ni ikimera.
Umunyinya

**Umunyinya** (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini  *Acacia sieberiana*) ni ikimera.

**Acacia sieberana* var. *kagerensis* : **Umunyarugera** 
**Acacia sieberana* var. *vermoesenii* : **Umunyinya**

Ni igiti kimera hirya no hino kwisi cyane cyane muri Afrika ni igiti gikunda kwarikamo

inyoni ni izindi nyamaswa nyinci cyane cyane iziguruka .
Beypazarı

**Akarere ka Beypazarı ** (izina mu giturukiya : *Beypazarı ilçesi* ) ni akarere kari mu ntara y’Ankara y’igihugu cya Turukiya. Akarere ka Beypazarı ni kamwe mu turere 16 tugize Intara y’Ankara. Akarere gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 46.768 (abagabo 23.058 n’abagore 23.710) , batuye kubuso bwa km² 1814,36 .

## Akarere gahana imbibe
Gahana imbibi na:
:Mu majyaruguru :  Intara ya Bolu
:Mu burasirazuba : Akarere ka Çamlıdere, Akarere ka Güdül n’Akarere k’Ayaş
:Mu majyepfo : Akarere ka Polatlı
:Mu burengerazuba : Akarere ka Nallıhan n’Intara y’Eskişehir

## Ubuyobozi bwa Beypazarı
:Umuyobozi w’akarere  : Mustafa Kaya
:Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Mehmet Cengiz Özalp

## Imibare y’abaturage

## references


## Imiyoboro
*Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Beypazarı
*Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi wa Beypazarı
Elmadağ

**Akarere k’Elmadağ** (izina mu giturukiya : *Elmadağ ilçesi* ) ni akarere kari mu ntara y’Ankara y’igihugu cya Turukiya. Akarere k’Elmadağ ni kamwe mu turere 16 tugize Intara y’Ankara. Akarere gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 42.511 (abagabo 21.516 n’abagore 20.995) , batuye kubuso bwa km² 568,07 .

## Izina
Iryo zina ryakomotse ku magambo 2 yo m’ururimi rw’igiturukiya ariyo («**elma**» 'pome' na «**dağ**» 'umusozi').

## Ubuyobozi bw’Elmadağ
:Umuyobozi w’akarere  : Ejder Sarıçiçek
:Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Gazi Şahin

## Imibare y’abaturage

## references


## Imiyoboro
*Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere k’Elmadağ
*Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi w’Elmadağ
Evren

**Akarere k’Evren** (izina mu giturukiya : *Evren ilçesi* ) ni akarere kari mu ntara y’Ankara y’igihugu cya Turukiya. Akarere k’Evren ni kamwe mu turere 16 tugize Intara y’Ankara. Akarere gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 4.513 (abagabo 2.253 n’abagore 2.260) , batuye kubuso bwa km² 179,74 .

## Akarere gahana imbibe
Gahana imbibi na:
:Mu majyaruguru :  Intara ya Kırşehir 
:Mu burasirazuba : Intara ya Kırşehir n’Intara y’Aksaray
:Mu majyepfo : Intara y’Aksaray n’Akarere ka Şereflikoçhisar
:Mu burengerazuba : Akarere ka Şereflikoçhisar

## Ubuyobozi bwa k’Evren
:Umuyobozi w’akarere  : Harun Yücel
:Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Nedim Keskin

## Imibare y’abaturage

## references


## Imiyoboro
*Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere k’Evren
*Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi k’Evren
Ishu

## Iriburiro

Amashu ni ibyo kurya bagiye babeshyera ngo nta ntungamubiri bigira nyamara kandi ubu ni kimwe mu bifitiye akamaro kanini umubiri wacu. Amashu aboneka mu mabara anyuranye harimo icyatsi, umutuku n’andi, gusa imimaro yayo ni imwe. Muri 75g z’ishu (ubwo ni nk’ishu ryuzuye agakombe gato) dusangamo:

* 17 Calories
* 1g ya poroteyine
* 2g isukari
* 1g fibre
* 47% za vitamini C ukenera ku munsi
* 102% za vitamini K ukenera ku munsi
* 8% za Manganese
* 6% za vitamini B9
* Harimo kandi vitamini B1 na B6
* Calcium na Potassium.

## '''Akamaro k’amashu ku buzima'''

* Amashu abamo ikinyabutabire cyitwa DIM (diindolylmethane) kiyaha ubushobozi bwo kuturinda ingaruka ziterwa n’imirasire mibi y’izuba (UV na IR) kimwe n’iva mu cyuma cya radiographie (X rays). Iki ikinyabutabire iyo gifatanyije n’ikindi cyitwa sulforaphane bifasha mu kurwanya cancer.

* Habamo *anthocyanins* zifasha mu kubyimbura bityo bikaba birinda indwara z’umutima zinyuranye

* Kuba harimo vitamini C byongerera ingufu ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri

* Kuba harimo fibre bituma afasha mu igogorwa ry’ibiryo akarinda kwituma impatwe

* Kubura vitamini C bitera kubyimba ishinya no kuva amaraso mu menyo, izi mboga ni umuti wabyo

* Harimo sulfur ikaba igira uruhare mu kwihutisha gukira kw’ibisebe no kurinda kurwara ibisebe. Ibisebe byaba ibyo ku ruhu cyangwa mu gifu, ishu ni umuti

* Rifasha mu buzima bw’amaso kuko harimo beta-carotene

* Kuba ririmo calories nkeya bituma rifasha abifuza kunanuka

* Iriya vitamini K ni ingenzi mu gutuma amaraso akama iyo wakomeretse

* Imyunyu ngugu ibamo ni ingenzi ku buzima bw’amagufa

* Kuba harimo potassium bifasha mu kurwanya umuvuduko udasanzwe w’amaraso

* Ni uruboga rwiza ku ruhu no kururinda gusaza

* Rifasha kandi mu gusohora imyanda n’uburozi mu mubiri

* Harimo iodine ikaba igirira akamaro ubwonko ikanafasha mu ikorwa ry’iimisemburo imwe n’imwe.

## '''Amashu aribwa ate?'''
Nubwo akenshi tuyateka ariko burya si byiza kuko byangiza vitamini zibamo.

Ibyiza ni ukuyarya mabisi, akenshi kuri salade, mbere yuko turya ibitetse.

Ku kuvura ibisebe mu gifu cyangwa kuva imyuna kimwe n’imihango idakama, usabwa kunywa umutobe ukozwe mu mashu. Udafite agakoresho kabugenewe wayasekura ugakamura.

### Amashakiro
Igishyimbo

**Igishyimbo** (ubuke: **Ibishyimbo** ; izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini :  *Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata*) ni ikimera n’ikiribwa.


Lobia.jpg
Cowpea 2.jpg
BlackeyeBean.jpg
Amashaza

Amashaza ashobora kuba yumye cyangwa se mabisi ( Urunyongwe ) ari byo bitonore by’amashaza, ni ibyo kurya bikundwa kandi ni mu gihe kuko ruryoha cyane. Rukaba rushobora gutekwa rwonyine nk’imboga zo kurisha ibindi byo kurya nk’umuceri, umutsima cyangwa rugatekanwa n’ibindi nk’igitoki cyangwa ibirayi ari naho benshi bakunze kuruteka. Urunyogwe uko waruteka kose, ni ifunguro ryuzuye intungamubiri zinyuranye kandi zifitiye akamaro gakomeye umubiri wacu .
   

### '''Intungamubiri'''

* Ingufu
* Ibinyasukari
* Poroteyine
* Fibre
* Ibinure bitarimo cholesterol
* Vitamini zinyuranye nka Vitamin B9, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B2, Vitamini A, Vitamini C, Vitamini E na Vitamin K
* Imyunyungugu nka Sodiyumu, Potasiyumu, Kalisiyumu, Umuringa, Ubutare, Magnesium, Manganese, Selenium, Zinc
* Beta carotene
* Beta crypto-xanthin
* Lutein-zeaxanthin.

### '''Akamaro ku buzima'''

* Nkuko tubibonye hejuru, mu runyogwe dusangamo vitamin B9 ari yo izwi nka folic acid cyangwa folate. Iyi ni imwe muri vitamin zo mu itsinda rya vitamin B ikaba ari vitamin ikenerwa n’umwana ukiri mu nda ya nyina kugirango DNA ye ikorwe neza. Muri 100g z’urunyogwe habonekamo 64mcg zayo zingana na 16% z’ikenewe ku munsi. Iri funguro ni ingenzi rero ku mugore utwite kuko ririnda umwana kuzavukana ubumuga akenshi bukunze gufata urutirigongo.

* Urunyogwe kandi rurimo vitamin C muri 100g dusangamo 40mg cyangwa 67% z’ikenewe ku munsi. Iyi vitamin ikaba ari ingenzi mu gufasha umubiri gusohora imyanda no kongerera ingufu ubudahangarwa bwawo. Ibi bikaba birinda umuntu indwara zandura

* Mu runyogwe kandi dusangamo beta-sitosterol. Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko imboga n’imbuto zikize kuri yo zifasha mu kugabanya igipimo cya cholesterol mbi mu mubiri

* Kandi urunyogwe rukungahaye kuri vitamin K. Muri 100g dusangamo 24.8mcg zingana na 21% z’iyikenewe ku munsi. Uretse kuba vitamin K ifasha amaraso kuvura no gukama iyo dukomeretse, ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko iyi vitamin igira uruhare mu gutuma amagufa akomera ndetse imyunyungugu akeneye akabasha kuyibika. Ibi rero bigira uruhare mu kurinda indwara zinyuranye zangiza amagufa ndetse binafasha mu kurinda indwara ya Alzheimer; ikaba ifata ahanini abageze mu zabukuru ikabatera kwibagirwa ku buryo n’izina rye aba atakiryibuka. Ibi iyi vitamin ibikora irinda iyangirika ry’udutsi two mu bwonko.

* Nkuko twabibonye mu runyogwe harimo beta-carotene, lutein na zea-xanthin hamwe na vitamin A (muri 100g harimo 765 IU bingana na 25.5%). Vitamin A ikaba ari ingenzi mu gutuma amaso, uruhu n’ibindi bice by’umubiri bikora neza. Naho ziriya flavonoids zo zikaba zirinda kanseri zinyuranye cyane cyane kanseri y’ibihaha n’iyo mu nzira y’igogorwa cyane cyane mu kanwa.

### '''Icyitonderwa'''
Urunyogwe rwiza ni urusaruwe uwo munsi, mbese rutaranamba kuko uko rugenda runamba niko runatakaza intungamubiri. Niba wifuza kurubika rudatetse, ibyiza ni ukurushyira mu ishashi cyangwa ikindi kintu gikoze muri purasitike noneho ukagishyira mu mazi kikarengerwa (ariko amazi ntiyinjiremo). Aho ushobora no kurubika rukamara iminsi 3 rutatangirika. Niba ufite firigo naho warushyiramo, ariko nabwo ukabanza kurushyira mu kintu cya pulasitike.

### Amashakiro
Igitunguru

## Ubwoko bw'ibitunguru
* Ibitunguru bitukura: Bombay red, red creole, red tropicana, etc  
* Ibitunguru by’umweru: white creole, Texas grano, etc

### Guhumbika imbuto

* Tegura imitabo ifite metero 1 y’ubugari.
* Shyiramo imborera ibiro 5 kuri m2 imwe.
* Tera umwayi hanyuma utwikirize igitaka gikeya.
* Humbika garama 5 kuli m2 (metero imwe kuri metero imwe).

### Gutera ingemwe mu murima

* Tera ingemwe zikuze neza : zifite amababi 3 kugeza kuri 5. 
* Tera ibitunguru igihe hari ikibunda cyangwa ku mugoroba.
* Hagati y'igitunguru n'ikindi ushyiramo intera ya  cm 15.
* Hagati y'umurongo n'undi ushyiramo intera ya  cm 20. 

### '''Umwayi (umurama)'''

* Koresha garama 60 kugira ngo uzatere ari 1 cyangwa ibiro 6 by’umwayi kugira ngo uzatere ibitunguru kuli ha 1

### Kwita ku guhingwa cy'igitunguru

* Kubagara buri byumweru bibiri.
* Gusasira ibitunguru bigabanya ibyatsi mu murima.
* Kuvomerera mu gihe nta mvura iri kugwa.

### Indwara n’uburyo bwo kurwanya udukoko ku bitunguru
Indwara ikunze kugaragara ku bitunguru mu Rwanda ni “aliterinariose”  Iterwa n’agahumyo kitwa Alternaria porri Ibimenyetso byayo ubisanga ku mababi aho usanga amababi afite utudomagure dusa n’ikigina kivanzemo ibara rya violet kandi akenshi utwo tudomagure tuba tuzengurutwe n’ibara ry’umuhondo

Iyo ubonye iyo ndwara yabaye nyinshi mu murima wawe, utera umuti witwa mancozebe (ibiro 0.017 - 0.022 kuri ari 1 cyangwa ibiro 1.7 - 2.2 kuri hegitari 1)

### '''Downy mildiou'''
Iyi ndwara irangwa n’amabara y’umweru ku gice cyo hejuru cy’amababi Iyi ndwara ikunze kuboneka iyo ikirere gihehereye kandi hari ubukonje

Uburyo bwo kuyirwanya Yirwanye uhinga ibitunguru rimwe mu myaka itatu (aho yagaragaye) Kwinika imbuto mu mazi ashyushye byica aka gakoko Tera umuti witwa Mancozeb  (ibiro 0.022 - 0.035 kuri ari imwe cyangwa ibiro 2.2 - 3.5 kuri hegitari imwe

### Gusarura ibitunguru

* Ibitunguru bisarurwa bimaze iminsi 100 - 120 bitewe (amezi 3 - 4).
* Iyo byeze ubibwirwa n’uko igice cyo hejuru cyuma cyangwa kikaraba rimwe na rimwe kikagwa.
* Umusaruro: ibiro 46 kuri ari 1 cyangwa ibiro 4,600 kuri hegitari 1.

### Uburyo bwo gutunganya umusaruro no guhunika

* Ibitunguru byanikwa mu gicucu ahantu hagera akayaga.
* Iyo agahu k’inyuma kumye, nibwo ushobora kubihunika mu mufuka ugatereka ahantu hatagera ubukonje.

### Amashakiro
Ubuntunguru

**Ubuntunguru** (ubuke: **Amantunguru** ; izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini : *Allium cepa*) ni ikimera n’ikiribwa.
Radi

**Urusenda** (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini  *Raphanus sativus*) ni ikimera.

Radi ushobora kuyikoresha igihe urwaye indwara y'ubuhumekero w'iyatsamura kenshi w'umva mumazuru hari kokera .
Igishuhe

**Igishuhe** (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini  *Anas platyrhynchos domesticus* na *Cairina moschata momelanotus*) ni itungo.
Petero Nkurunziza

**Petero Nkurunziza** (izina mu kinyarwanda na kirundi) cyangwa **Pierre Nkurunziza** (izina mu gifaransa) (18 Ukuboza 1964 - 8 Kamena 2020) ni Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Burundi na Minisitiri ushinzwe Imiyoborere Myiza mu Burundi.

Yavukiye i Ngozi mu Burundi taliki ya 18 Ukuboza 1964.

Nyakubahwa Denise Bucumi Nkurunziza,ni madamu wa Perezida Petero Nkurunziza.
Jean-Pierre Bemba

**Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo** (4 Ugushyingo 1962) 

Visi Perezida wa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo
Louis Michel

**Louis Michel** (2 Nzeri 1947)  Komiseri ushinzwe Iterambere mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i Burayi na wahoze ari Minisitiri w’Intebe akaba na Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’u Bubiligi.
Aldo Ajello

**Aldo Ajello** Intumwa yihariye y’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i Burayi ushinzwe Akarere k’Ibiyaga Bigari.
Karel De Gucht

Bwana **Karel Lodewijk Georgette Emmerence De Gucht** (27 Mutarama 1954 ) ni Minisitiri w’Ubutwererane n’Amajyambere w’Ububiligi na Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’Ububiligi.
Antoinette Batumubwira

Madamu **Antoinette Batumubwira** yavutse mu mwaka wa 1956, avukira i Burundi, mu gace kitwa Ngozi. Ni umunyapolitiki wo mu Burundi. Yabaye minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’i Burundi kuva mu mwaka wa 2005 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2009. Yashakanye n'uwahoze ari minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga Jean-Marie Ngendahayo.

Mu mpera z'umwaka wa 2007, Batum аны yagizwe umukandida uzasimbura Alpha Oumar Konaré nk'umuyobozi wa komisiyo y’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika mu matora y’uwo mwanya mu ntangiriro za 2008.  Guverinoma yagerageje kubona inkunga y'ibindi bihugu by'Afurika kugira ngo yiyamamaze, kandi ibihugu byo muri Afurika y'Ibiyaga Bigari byiyemeje ko bizamushyigikira; ariko, nyuma guverinoma yakuyeho kandidatire ye kandi ishyigikira Jean Ping wa Gabon . 

= Inyandiko zifashishijwe =
Kerstin Müller

Madamu **Kerstin Müller** (13 Ugushyingo 1963) ni Minisitiri wungirije w’Ububanyi 

n’Amahanga w’Ubudage.
Ichiro Aisawa

Bwana **Ichiro Aisawa** (izina mu kiyapani : 逢沢 一郎  *Aisawa Ichirō*; 10 Kamena 1954) ni Minisitiri wungirije w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’Igihugu cy’Ubuyapani.
Robert H. Foglesong

Jenerali **Robert H. Foglesong** (13 Nyakanga 1945) ni Umugaba w’Ingabo zirwanira mu kirere za Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
James L. Jones

Jenerali **James L. Jones** (19 Ukuboza 1943) ni Komanda ushinzwe akarere k’i Burayi mu ngabo za Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
Walter Fust

Bwana **Walter Furst** ni Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Amajyambere n’Ubutwererane muri Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga y’Ubusuwisi (DDC).
Inama Nkuru y’Itangazamakuru mu Rwanda

**Inama Nkuru y’Itangazamakuru mu Rwanda** (MHC mu magambo ahinnye y’icyongereza; izina mu cyongereza: Media High Council) .
Erastus J. O. Mwencha

Bwana **Erastus J. O. Mwencha** (15 Ugushyingo 1947)

ni Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa Umuryango w’Isoko Rusange ry’Ibihugu by’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba n’iy’Amajyepfo.
Louis Sylvain Goma

Bwana **Louis Sylvain Goma** (24 Kamena 1941) ni Umunyamabanga M

ukuru wa Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Afurika yo Hagati.
Radiyo y’abaturage ya Huye

**Radiyo y’abaturage ya Huye** (**RC HUYE** mu magambo ahinnye y’igifaransa) ni radiyo.                                                   

Ku nshuro ya Gatatu, Radiyo y’Abaturage ivugira mu karere ka Huye (RC HUYE), ibicishije mu kiganiro “Tumenye Isi Yacu” kuri iki cyumweru taliki ya 26 Ukuboza 2010 yahembye 

abanyeshuri bitwaye neza mu kiganiro. Abahembwe bavuze ko bavomye ubumenyi muri iki kiganiro. Ku ruhande rw’Ubuyobozi bwa RC Huye butangaza ko iki ari igikorwa cy’ingenzi,  kuko mu mumaro wa Radiyo kwigisha biza ku isonga, akaba ariyo mpamvu byagize akamaro mu kongerera ubumenyi rusange abakurikirana Radiyo.    
 
## Notes
Icyizere (ikinyamakuru)

**Icyizere** ni ikinyamakuru cya Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG) .

## Imiyoboro
*https://web.archive.org/web/20110318084614/http://www.cnlg.gov.rw/newsite%20Icyizere%20Newspaper.html
Rwanda Tribune

**Kigali Daily News** (izwi kandi nka **KDN**) ni urubuga rwo kuri internet rwo mu Rwanda rutangaza amakuru atandukanye mu rurimi rw'Icyongereza. Urubuga , rwatangijwe mu 2022, rutangaza inkuru zijyanye n’amakuru y’igihugu, politiki, imibereho, imyidagaduro, siporo ndetse n’inkuru z’abantu.

## Amateka
* Kigali Daily News yatangijwe mu 2022  Yashingiwe ku ntego yo kugeza inkuru z’u Rwanda ku Banyamahanga no kwagura uburyo amakuru y’u Rwanda amenyekana.

## Intego
Intego ya Kigali Daily News ni "gukusanya no gusangiza inkuru z’u Rwanda isi yose," hifashishijwe itangazamakuru ryihuta kandi riboneka kuri internet.

* Urubuga rwemewe: https://kigalidailynews.rw
Intara y’Istanbul

**Intara y’Istanbul** cyangwa **Intara y’İstanbul** (izina mu giturukiya : *İstanbul ili*) n’intara muri Turukiya. Umurwa mukuru w’intara y’Istanbul witwa umujyi wa Istanbul. Intara y’Istanbul gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 12.915.158 (abagabo 6.498.997 n’abagore 6.416.161), batuye kubuso bwa km² 5343 . 

## Uturere tw’Istanbul
* Akarere k’Adalar
* Akarere k’Arnavutköy
* Akarere k’Ataşehir
* Akarere k’Avcılar
* Akarere ka Bağcılar
* Akarere ka Bahçelievler
* Akarere ka Bakırköy
* Akarere ka Başakşehir
* Akarere ka Bayrampaşa
* Akarere ka Beşiktaş
* Akarere ka Beykoz
* Akarere ka Beylikdüzü
* Akarere ka Beyoğlu
* Akarere ka Büyükçekmece
* Akarere ka Çatalca
* Akarere ka Çekmeköy
* Akarere k’Esenler
* Akarere k’Esenyurt
* Akarere k’Eyüp
* Akarere ka Fatih
* Akarere ka Gaziosmanpaşa
* Akarere ka Güngören
* Akarere ka Kadıköy
* Akarere ka Kağıthane
* Akarere ka Kartal
* Akarere ka Küçükçekmece
* Akarere ka Maltepe
* Akarere ka Pendik
* Akarere ka Sancaktepe
* Akarere ka Sarıyer
* Akarere ka Silivri
* Akarere ka Sultanbeyli
* Akarere ka Sultangazi
* Akarere ka Şile
* Akarere ka Şişli
* Akarere ka Tuzla
* Akarere k’Ümraniye
* Akarere k’Üsküdar
* Akarere ka Zeytinburnu

## Ubuyobozi bw’Istanbul
:Umuyobozi w’intara : Hüseyin Avni Mutlu
:Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Kadir Topbaş 

## Imibare y’abaturage

## references


## Imiyoboro
* Ubuyobozi bw’Intara y’Istanbul
* Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi w’Istanbul
Adalar

**Akarere k’Adalar** (izina mu giturukiya : *Adalar ilçesi* ) ni akarere kari mu ntara y’Istanbul y’igihugu cya Turukiya. Akarere k’Adalar ni kamwe mu turere 39 tugize Intara y’Istanbul. Akarere gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 14.341 (abagabo 7.692 n’abagore 6.649) , batuye kubuso bwa km² 15,85.

## Izina
Iryo zina ryakomotse ku magambo 2 yo m’ururimi rw’igiturukiya ariyo («**ada**» 'ikirwa' na «**-lar**» 'ubuke: ibirwa').

## Ibirwa by’Adalar

## Ubuyobozi bw’Adalar
:Umuyobozi w’akarere  : Mevlüt Kurban
:Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Mustafa Farsakoğlu 

## Imibare y’abaturage

## references


## Imiyoboro
*Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere k’Adalar
*Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi w’Adalar
Jean Kambanda

**Jean Kambanda** (19 Ukwakira 1955) wo muri MDR yari  Minisitiri w'Intebe wa 5 wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda hagati y’itariki ya 9 Mata na 19 Nyakanga 1994. Yavukiye mu ntara ya Cyangugu.
Michèle Alliot-Marie

## Amateka yamuranze

**Michèle Alliot-Marie** (10 Nzeri 1946) wari Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga w’u Bufaransa.Akaba ari bamwe mubagize inteko ishinga amategeko mu bufaransa , zimnwe mu nshingano zagiye iyagize harimo Kuba umuyobozi w'ingabo Kandi ari  umugore umwe mubagize ishyaka ry'abanyaburayi 

## Ubuzima bwe

### '''Michèle Alliot-Marie'''
Yavukiya mu  gihugu  cy'ubufaransa ku italiki ya 10 Nzeri mu mwaka wa 46 ,Se umubyara ni Bernard Marie wahoze ari umusifuzi w'umupira wa Ruhago mu makipe mpuzamahaitwa nga ,Nyina yitwa Rennée Leyko akomoka mu gihugu cya Polonye

## Intanganturo
Kanguka (ikinyamakuru)

**Kanguka** ni ikinyamakuru cyavutse mu 1988, cyandikaga inkuru zitandukanye. Mu Kwakira 1990, cyahinduye umurongo gitangira kurwanya Leta yariho ya Perezida Juvénal Habyarimana, mu 1991, ubwo amashyaka menshi yemererwaga gukorera mu gihugu cyahise cyirwanya Leta ku mugaragaro. 

Kangura N° 80 ifite imirongo migari ikurikira: 
::Umupira w'abakombozi n'inkotanyi zirongeye ziradutsinze bahu!!!! Colonel SIMBA ati barambeshyera sindi umwicanyi kandi sinanga abatutsi.

Twaraye mu Nkotanyi: 
::Wazinganya iki? Disikuru ya Ngango mu Nkotanyi. Twagiramungu yirukanwe mu ishyaka rya MDR none ari hafi gushinga MDR ye bwite.
 
## Notes
Thabo Mbeki

**Thabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki** (soma mu kigisosa: *tʰaɓɔ mbɛːkʼi* ; 18 Kamena 1942) ni Perezida w’Afurika y’Epfo.
Olusegun Obasanjo

**Olusegun Obasanjo** (izina mu kiyoruba: *Olusẹgun Ọbasanjọ* cyangwa *Mathiew Àrẹ̀mú Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́* ; 5 Werurwe 1937) ni Perezida wa Nijeriya.

Muri Kanama 2021, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika washyizeho Olusegun Obasanjo nk'uhagarariye amahoro mu ihembe rya Afurika.
Yoweri Museveni

**Yoweri Kaguta Museveni ** (1944) ni Perezida w’Ubugande.

Yoweri kaguta mseveni yavukiye ni nawe perezinda muri africa uyoboye igihe kinini.

Kugeza mu 2025, ni umuyobozi wa gatatu umaze igihe kinini akurikirana umuyobozi w’igihugu utari umwami ku isi (nyuma ya Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo muri Gineya ya Ekwatoriya na Paul Biya muri Kameruni).
Denis Sassou Nguesso

**Denis Sassou Nguesso** (23 Ugushyingo 1943) ni Perezida wa Repubulika ya Kongo. 

Mu Kwakira 2021, Denis Sassou N'Guesso yavuzwe mu kibazo cy’urukozasoni rwa "Pandora Paper". Nk’uko ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry’abanyamakuru ribitangaza, mu 1998, nyuma gato yo gusubira ku butegetsi bwa Denis Sassou N'Guesso Ishoramari rya Inter African ryanditswe mu birwa bya Virginie y’Ubwongereza, ahantu h’imisoro ya Karayibe. Denis Sassou N'Guesso arahakana en bloc ni inyandiko.
Meles Zenawi

**Meles Zenawi Asres ** (izina mu kinyamarike : መለስ ዜናዊ አስረስ *Mäläs Zenawi Äsräs*; 8 Gicurasi 1955) ni Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Etiyopiya.
Alpha Oumar Konaré

**Alpha Oumar Konaré** (2 Gashyantare 1946) ni Perezida wa Mali na Perezida wa Komisiyo ya Afurika Yunze Ubumwe.

Muri Nzeri 2021, Alpha Oumar Konaré, yari mu bitaro byihutirwa muri Maroc mu bitaro bya Cheikh Zaid i Rabat.
Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul

**Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul ** (21 Ugushyingo 1942) ni Minisitiri w’Ubutwererane n’Iterambere mu Budage.
Hilary Benn

**Hilary James Wedgwood Benn** akaba ari umugabo wavutse muwa (26 Ugushyingo 1953) ni Umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe Amajyambere Mpuzamahanga mu Bwongereza.
Agnes van Ardenne

Madamu **Anna Maria Agnes van Ardenne-van der Hoeven ** (21 Mutarama 1950) ni Minisitiri ushinzwe ubutwererane n’Iterambere mu Buholandi
Antipas Mbusa Nyamwisi

Bwana **Antipas Mbusa Nyamwisi** (15 Ugushyingo 1959 ) ni Minisitiri w’Ubutwererane bw’Akarere muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Muri Werurwe 2023, Antipas Mbusa aba umunyamabanga wa Leta, ushinzwe kwishyira hamwe kw'akarere.
Tommy Thompson

**Tommy George Thompson** (19 Ugushyingo 1941) ni Minisitiri w’Ubuzima muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Mahmoud Abu Zeid

## Dr. Abu-Zeid yavutse ku ya 29 Nyakanga 1935, ahabwa impamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu ishami ry’ubwubatsi muri Kaminuza ya Cairo, na M.Sc. (kuhira) mu 1960 n’impamyabumenyi y’ikirenga (PhD) muri Kaminuza ya California mu 1962. Ni umunyeshuri mu kigo cy’iterambere ry’ubukungu, IBRD. Dr. Abu-Zeid yakoze imirimo, itandukanye y’ubushakashatsi muri Minisiteri y’ihira kugeza ubwo yabaye Umuyobozi w’Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku gukwirakwiza amazi no kuyahira. Yari Perezida w’Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku mazi gicunga ibigo cumi na kimwe by’ubushakashatsi bikora mu nzego zitandukanye z’amazi yo kuhira no kuyacunga. Yatanze inyandiko nyinshi binyuze mu bushakashatsi bwe bwa siyansi. Mu 1986 yahawe umudari w’icyubahiro w’icyiciro cya mbere na Perezida wa Repubulika ya Misiri kubera uruhare rwe rukomeye mu kongera inyungu z’amazi y’agaciro. Yari Visi Perezida wa ICID kuva mu mwaka 1986-1989

1.https://icid-ciid.org/member/member_profile/1202
Hassan Bubacar Jallow

Bwana **Hassan Bubacar Jallow** (1950) ni Umushinjacyaha Mukuru wa Urukiko Nshinjabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwagenewe u Rwanda.
Hervé Hasquin

**Hervé Hasquin** (31 Ukuboza 1942) ni Minisitiri Perezida wa *Communauté Française de Belgique* m’Ububiligi.
Jean-Marie Guéhenno

Bwana **Jean-Marie Guéhenno** (30 Ukwakira 1949 ) ni Wungirije Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa Loni akaba ashinzwe Peace Keeping Operations.
K. Y. Amoako

Bwana **Kingsley Y. Amoako** (1944) ni Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa wa ECA (*Economic Commission for Africa*).
Susi

**Susi** (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini :  *Calendula officinalis* ; izina mu gifaransa : *souci*) ni ururabo na ikimera.
Asiperile ihumura

**Asiperile ihumura** (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini : *Galium odoratum* ; izina mu gifaransa : *aspérule odorante*) ni ikimera.
Niyawuli

**Niyawuli** (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini :  *Melaleuca quinquenervia* ; izina mu gifaransa : *niaouli*) ni igiti.
Romarin

**Romarin** (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini :  *Rosmarinus officinalis* ; izina mu gifaransa : *romarin*) ni ikimera.
Agave

**Agave** (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini :  *Agave*) ni ubwoko bw’ikimera cyunganira cyane abarwaye umwijima, n'abafite ibibazo by'indwara z'uruhu, ndetse n'ibindi. 

## Amafoto

Image:Agave_americana4.jpg|*[[Agave americana]]* var. *americana*
Image:Variegated Century Plant -- Agave americana 'Marginata'.jpg|Variegated Century Plant -- *[[Agave americana]]* 'Marginata'
Image:Agave americana74.jpg|*[[Agave americana]]* 'Marginata'
Image:Agave americana 'Medio-Picta' Plant 3264px.jpg|*[[Agave americana]]* cv. 'Mediopicta Alba'
Image:Agaveespinho2.jpg|*[[Agave angustifolia]]* 'Marginata'
Image:Caribbean Agave (Agave angustifolia) with inflorescence at Secunderabad, AP W IMG 6676.jpg|*[[Agave angustifolia]]* (flowering)
Image:Agave attenuata Pot 2250px.jpg|*[[Agave attenuata]]*
Image:Agave bracteosa.jpg|*[[Agave bracteosa]]* (spider agave)
Image:Agave_deserti_form.jpg|*[[Agave deserti]]*
Image:Agave_filifera01.jpg|*[[Agave filifera]]*
Image:Agave inaequidens ssp barrancensis.jpg|*Agave inaequidens* ssp. *barrancensis*
Image:Agave lechuguilla0.jpg|*[[Agave lechuguilla]]*
Image:Agaveespinho1.jpg|*[[Agave lophantha]]*
Image:Agave palmeri.jpg|*[[Agave palmeri]]*
Image:Agave parrasana.jpg|*[[Agave parrasana]]* (syn. *Agave wislizeni* subsp. *parrasana*)
Image:California Cabbage Agave.jpg|*[[Agave parryi]]*
Image:Agave potatorum Kichiokan.jpg|*Agave potatorum* cv. 'Kichiokan'
Image:agave.potatorum.kewgardens.london.arp.jpg|*[[Agave salmiana]]*
Image:Agave_ferox_3.jpg|*[[Agave salmiana]]* var. *ferox*
Image:Agave schidigera Durango Delight.jpg|*Agave schidigera* cv. 'Durango Delight'
Image:Agave shawii 1.jpg|*[[Agave shawii]]*
Image:Plantsisal.jpg|*[[Agave sisalana]]* (sisal)
Image:Agave sisalana W IMG_2377.jpg|*[[Agave sisalana]]* (flowers)
Image:Agave stricta Monaco.jpg|*[[Agave stricta]]*
Image:Agave tequilana F.A.C. Weber 2013 cropped.jpg|*[[Agave tequilana]]*
Image:Agave tequilana0.jpg|*[[Agave tequilana]]* 'Weber's Azul' (tequila agave)
Image:Agave utahensis leaves.jpg|*[[Agave utahensis]]*
Image:Agave victoriae-reginae lv 2.jpg|*[[Agave victoriae-reginae]]*
Image:Agave vilmoriniana 2.jpg|*[[Agave vilmoriniana]]*
Image:Agave xylonacantha 1.jpg|*[[Agave xylonacantha]]*
Ibireti

**Ibireti** (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini : *Tanacetum cinerariifolium* ; izina mu gifaransa : *pyrèthre*) ni ikimera kivamo umuti wica udukoko uva mu ndabo z'umweru n'umuhondo zijya gusa na zimwe bazi ku izina rya Marigarita. Kubera uwo muti wabyo byashoboye kubaho imyaka n'imyaka byirinda.
Pome

**Pome** (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini : *Malus domestica* ; izina mu gifaransa: *pomme* ) ni igiti, urubuto n’ikiribwa.

Uru rubuto rwa pome ruba mu muryango w'ibimera witwa *Rosaceae*.

Pome ni urubuto ruzwi cyane mu ngere mberabyombi cyane cyane ku Mugabane w’Uburayi, aho abaturage bamaze igihe kirekire barurya, naho bimwe mu bihugu by’Afurika nk’u Rwanda bikaba bibonye izi mbuto vuba, ndetse zikaba zigihenze cyane.

Nubwo usanga igiciro cyazo kiri hejuru usanga ari zimwe mu mbuto zikunzwe na benshi cyane ku isi, naho muri Afurika zigakundwa n’abifite. Ahanini usanga izi mbuto zikundirwa kuba zikungahaye kuri Vitamini C.

Aya makuru avuga ko muri garama 100 z’urubuto rwa pome, habamo ubushobozi bwa anti oxidant, bungana n’ubwa garama 1500 za vitamini C ibonetse mu zindi mbuto cyangwa ishobora gutangwa nk’umuti kwa muganga.

Aya makuru avuga ko atari byiza guhata uru rubuto rwa pome mbere yo kururya, kuko igishishwa cy’inyuma ari cyo gikungahaye cyane muri vitamini C kurusha uduce tw’imbere.

Aya makuru akomeza avuga ko nibura byakabaye byiza umuntu ashoboye kurya urubuto rumwe rwa pome ku munsi, ibi bishobora gutuma atagira ibibazo bikomoka ku kurya ibinyamavuta byinshi binakungahaye kuri *cholesterol*.

## Imiyoboro
* Pomme ni rumwe mu mbuto zihagazeho ku ntungamubiri
* Urubuto rwa pome (pomme, apple) n`ibyiza byarwo
Ibirunga byu Rwanda

Ibirunga by' u Rwanda twavuga nka: Karisimbi,Muhabura, Sabyinyo, Gahinga na  Bisoke. Bikaba biherereye  mu majyaruguru y'igihugu cy'u Rwanda hagati y'u Rwanda, DRC na Uganda.

## Ibirunga by' u Rwanda
* Ikirunga cya Karisimbi
* Ikirunga cya Bisoke
* kirunga cya Muhabura
* Ikirunga cya Gahinga
* kirunga cya Sabyinyo

## Ibirunga by’Amahanga
* Ikirunga cya Nyamuragira
* Ikirunga cya Nyiragongo
Ikirunga cya Sabyinyo

**Ikirunga cya Sabyinyo** ni ikirunga muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, Rwanda n’Ubugande.