Guhinga Ibirayi

Ibirayi ni igihingwa kitamaze imyaka myinshi mu Rwanda kuko cyazanywe n’abasirikare b’Abadage mu kinyejana cya 20. Ninaho izina ibirayi rikomoka kuko Abanyarwanda babyise ibirayi bashaka kugaragaza ko byavuye i Burayi.

## Ubuhinzi bw'Ibirayi
Utarabiriye byokeje yabiriye bitogosheje, udakunda ibyo byombi yaba ygiza nkana avuze ko atazi ifiriti. Ibirayi ni kimwe mu bihingwa ngandurarugo bitunze umubare munini w’Abanyarwanda, haba ababirya, abashoye imari mu buhinzi bwabyo no mu kubitunganya, cyangwa abakora imirimo ifite aho ihuriye nabyo.Imibare ya Minisiteri y’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi mu Rwanda igaragaza ko umusaruro w’ibirayi wiyongereye uva kuri toni 2 240 000 mu mwaka 2013, ugera kuri toni miliyoni 6 mu mwaka 2019. Ubuso buhingwaho ibirayi bwavuye kuri hegitari ibihumbi 130 mu mwaka 2010 bugera kuri hegitari ibihumbi 200.Ibirayi ni cyo gihingwa cya kabiri mu bitera imbaraga Abanyarwanda barya ku bwinshi, inyuma y’imyumbati. Ku mwaka Umunyarwanda arya ibilo 125 by’ibirayi.Uko imyaka ishira indi igataha, ikoranabuhanga rigatera imbere n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe ikabaho, ubuhinzi nabwo bukenera amavugurura ahanini ashingiye ku kongera umusaruro. Ni muri urwo rwego n’imbuto z’ibirayi zigenda zituburwa binyuze mu bushakashatsi butandukanye.

## Uko Imbuto z'Ibirayi zituburwa

Bijyanye no kuba bumwe mu ubwoko bwakuwe muri Peru bumaze igihe kirekire mu Rwanda bugenda busaza abashakashatsi ku birayi nabo bagenda bavumbura ubundi bushya binyuze mu gutubura imbuto.Umushakashatsi yatangaje ko imbuto y’ibirayi ituburwa hifashishijwe uburyo bwo “kubangurira”, aho hashakwa icyororo cy’ikigabo n’icy’ikigore bigahuzwa.Iyo babihuje binyuze mu ndabo havukamo umurama. Haboneka umurama usa n’uw’inyanya, noneho bakawutera ukavamo ingemwe”Za ngemwe ziza zitandukanye uko zameze zose, hagashakwamo izibasha kwihanganira indwara runaka, ubutaka runaka, igihe runaka n’ibindi.Inzobere mu by’ubuhinzi, mu bahuguriwe mu mahanga bashinze Umuryango HoReCo ugamije gufasha abahinzi guhinga kinyamwuga. Nawo ukora ubutubuzi bw’imbuto z’ibirayi.Yavuze ko bafitanye amasezerano n’Ikigo gishinzwe gukusanya imbuto y’ibirayi mu Rwanda (SPF), akaba ari cyo kiyigura kikayibika ku buryo umuhinzi cyangwa umutubuzi ufite icyangombwa uyikeneye abegera akayigurishwa.Muri Gashyantaremu mwaka 2019 byagaragaye ko hari ubwoko butanu bwakwera mu Rwanda. Bwiswe Twihaze, Nkunganire, Izihirwe, Ndeze na Kazeneza.Mu kwezi nk’uko mu mwaka 2020 habonetse ubundi nabwo bwera bwiswe Jyambere, Cyerekezo, Ndamira, Twigire, Gisubizo na Seka; ari nabwo bumaze guhabwa abahinzi.U Rwanda rumaze imyaka ibiri rukoresha imbuto z’ibirayi zituburirwa imbere mu gihugu. Kuri ubu hakaba hari inzu zigera kuri 30 zituburirwamo.

## Guhenda kw'Ibirayi kusoko

Abahinzi batangaza ko inkomoko y’uku guhenda kw’ibirayi harimo no kubura ndetse no guhenda kw’imbuto. Barasaba ko hagira igikorwa kugira ngo izi mbuto ziboneke zitabahenze kandi zinagere ku bahinzi bato kuko nabo bagira uruhare mu musaruro ujya ku isoko. imbuto ihabwa abahinzi banini, abato bakaburizwamo, ibi bikiyongera ku guhenda kwazo binari gutuma hari abava muri ubu buhinzi.Imbuto ziherera mu bandi bafite za hegitali nini ugasanga ba bandi bato zitabageraho. Basaba ko bakwegereza imbuto abahinzi bato, nimpinga hato na mugenzi we agahinga ahandi n’undi gutyo, harya ikizatuma umusaruro utagwira ni igiki?.Mu rwego rwo guhangana n’indwara y’imvura yibasira ibirayi, abashakashatsi bo mu Kigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubuhinzi n’ubworozi RAB, mu ishami ry’ibinyabijumba, bagiye gukora imbuto y’ibirayi ikoranye ubudahangarwa ku ndwara y’imvura ku buryo itasaba abahinzi gutera umuti.Ikigo mpuzamahanga gikora ubushakashatsi ku birayi, Potato International Center cyakoze iyi mbuto gikoresheje uburyo bwo kongera ubudahangarwa bw’iyi ndwara mu turemangingo fatizo (genetic engineering).Iyo mbuto yakozwe bashyizemo ubudahangarwa bw’iyi ndwara, nituyigerageza hano iwacu tukabona itanga umusaruro tuzayiha abahinzi.”Mbere yo kuyiha abahinzi ngo batangire kuyihinga RAB, izafatanya n’Ikigo cy’igihugu gikora ubugenzuzi bw’ibiribwa n’imiti RFDA na RISA barebe niba nta ngaruka ibyo birayi byagira ku baturage.U Rwanda ruri gutegura itegeko rigenga umutekano w’ibinyabuzima (bio safety law), iri tegeko niryo rizagena imikorere y’ibigo by’ubushakashatsi bihindura uturemangingo tw’ibinyabuzima, rinatange umurongo ku bigenderwaho ngo ibyavuye muri ubwo bushakashatsi bigezwe mu baturage.

## Amashakiro