open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Amavumvu

Ubuvanganzo
 Ubuvanganzo nyarwanda harimo ibisigo, amazina y'inka, ibyivugo, ibisingizo, ibihozo, imigani miremire, ibitekerezo, imigani migufi (imigenurano), inshoberamahanga, insigamigani, ibisakuzo, amavumvu, amasare, amahigi, amagorane, ibitongero (mu kuragura, guterekera, gutukura umwana, kwambika imana zeze, guhura, kugangahura, guhanura, kugombora, kuroga n’ibindi)
Umusigiti wa Edinburgh

**Umusigiti wa Edinburgh** (izina mu cyongereza: *Edinburgh Central Mosque*) ni umusigiti i Edinburgh mu Bwongereza.
Umurenge wa Rutunga

Umurenge wa Rutunga
Umurenge wa Rutunga ni umwe mu Mirenge 15 igize Akarere ka Gasabo
Ukaba ugizwe n'Utugari 6 aritwo:
- Gasabo
- Indatemwa
- Kibenga
- Kabaliza
- Kacyatwa
- Kigabiro
Ukaba ugizwe n'Imidugudu 24
Umurenge wa Rutunga ufite ubuso bungana na Km2 42,6 ukaba utuwe n'ingo zigera 4,508
n'abaturage bagera ku 19850 
Umurenge wa Rutunga Uhana imbibi n'imirenge ya:
Amajyaruguru: Umurenge wa Rutare na Rwamiko yo mu Karere ka Gicumbi
Amajyepfo: Umurenge wa Nduba na Bumbogo yo Mukarere ka Gasabo
Uburasirazuba: Umurenge wa Bukure mu Karere ka Gicumbi na Gikomero yo muri Gasabo
Uburengerazuba: Umurenge wa Ntarabana mu Karere ka Rulindo.

Umurenge wa Rutunga kandi niwo uherereyemo agace kitwa Gasabo ari naho inkomoko y'URwanda ndetse n'ikiyaga cya muhazi Uhageze  wahasanga bimwe mu ibimenyetso  bigaragaza  amateka y'Urwanda 
nk'Ibimana, Igiti cya Nyakarima ndetse n'ibindi

1.....
Mutuyimana sam

Mutuyimana sam ni umunyeshuli mu cyahoze ari kaminuza nkuru y'urwanda akaba yarabonye izuba kuwa 07 ukwakira 1994 avukira mu gihugu cya repubulika iharanira demokarasi ya congo nyuma yaho gato sam yaje kugarukana n'ababyeyibe mu gihugu cye aricyo rwanda muwi 1998
sam akaba yaratangiye amashuli ya primaire mu mwaka w 2000 yiga muri kigali kukigo cyitwa école primaire de kagugu urebye nibyo sam ubu araho ameze bon
Umusigiti wa Ashaghi Govhar aga

**Umusigiti wa Ashaghi Govhar aga** (izina mu kinyazeribayijani: *Aşağı Gövhər ağa məscidi*) ni umusigiti i Shusha muri Azeribayijani.


Shushi071.JPG|2010
Stamps of Azerbaijan, 2014-1183.jpg|2014


*Umusigiti wa Yukhari Govhar aga

## Imiyoboro
*Marks depicting Azerbaijani mosques, Govhar Agha among them
*Şuşa rayonunun ərazisi və təbii sərvətləri, tarixi və memarlıq abidələri.
*
*Мешедиханым Неймет, доктор наук, член-корр. НАН Азербайджана Эпиграфические памятники Карабаха
Łobez

**Łobez** (ˈyːtɐzən) ni umujyi w'u Polonye. Abaturage 10,409.
## Abaturage

ImageSize = width:420 height:320
PlotArea = left:50 right:20 top:25 bottom:30
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = late
Colors =
  id:linegrey2 value:gray(0.9)
  id:linegrey value:gray(0.7)
  id:cobar value:rgb(0.2,0.7,0.8)
  id:cobar2 value:rgb(0.6,0.9,0.6)
DateFormat = yyyy
Period = from:0 till:11000
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:11000 start:0 gridcolor:linegrey
ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1000 start:0 gridcolor:linegrey2
PlotData =
  color:cobar width:20 align:center
  bar:1680 from:0 till:800
  bar:1740 from:0 till:1191
  bar:1749 from:0 till:1339
  bar:1831 from:0 till:2443
  bar:1861 from:0 till:4756
  bar:1895 from:0 till:5187
  bar:1925 from:0 till:5994
  bar:1933 from:0 till:6947
  bar:1939 from:0 till:7310
  bar:1945 from:0 till:1710
  bar:1946 from:0 till:4144
  bar:1957 from:0 till:6026
  bar:1970 from:0 till:7355
  bar:1990 from:0 till:10953

PlotData=
  textcolor:black fontsize:S
  bar:1680 at: 800 text: 0,8 shift:(0)
  bar:1740 at: 1191 text: 1,2 shift:(0)
  bar:1749 at: 1339 text: 1,3 shift:(0)
  bar:1831 at: 2443 text: 2,4 shift:(0)
  bar:1861 at: 4756 text: 4,8 shift:(0)
  bar:1895 at: 5187 text: 5,2 shift:(0)
  bar:1925 at: 5994 text: 6 shift:(0)
  bar:1933 at: 6947 text: 7 shift:(0)
  bar:1939 at: 7310 text: 7,3 shift:(0)
  bar:1945 at: 1710 text: 1,7 shift:(0)
  bar:1946 at: 4144 text: 4,1 shift:(0)
  bar:1957 at: 6026 text: 6 shift:(0)
  bar:1970 at: 7355 text: 7,4 shift:(0)
  bar:1990 at: 10953 text:11 shift:(0)
  

## Imiyoboro
* Łobez 
* BIP Łobez
* Łobez - You Tube
Rafiki felicien

Rafiki Felicien bakunze kwita Kabenga yavutse tariki 20/08/1984, yavukiye mu karere ka Burera umurenge wa Butaro kagari ka Mubuga, avuka kubabyeyi bitwa Rwagishenga Felix na Nyirabasigariye Esther ariko niwe wanyonkeje ncutse nza kurerwa na mukadata utarabyaraga witwa Ntamakubuko Ansille ari nawe wandeze kugeza nkuze , amashuri abanza ya yatangiriye mu ishuri ribanza rya Kanyundo mu karere ka Rubavu umurenge wa Mudende mu mwaka w'1990 ubwo bari mu buhungiro mu gihe cy'intambara intambara ibaye nk'icogora yakomeje kwiga mu ishuri ribanza rya Nanga mu karere ka Nyabihu umurenge wa Kintobo.

Ubwo Jenosiye yabaga mu Rwanda yari afite imyaka 10 y'ubukuri bahunga berekeza muri Congo aho babaga mu nkambi ya Kibumba akomerezaho amashuri ye mu ishuri rya CARITAS KIBUMBA II aho mumwaka w' 1996 batahutse mukivunge basubira Butaro akomereza amashuri ye ku ishuri ribanza rya Kabyaza mu murenge wa Butaro akarere ka Burera ari naho baje gutura, mu mwaka w'2000  nibwo yarangije amashuri abanza akomereza ikiciro rusange mu ishuri ry' Inshuti CGFB (College George Fox de Butaro)ok
Xuecheng

Umushumba mukuru Xuecheng yavutse mu mwaka w’ 1966 ahitwa Xianyou mu ntara ya Fujian. Yinjiye mu rusengero mu 1982, agirwa unusaseridoti n’umushumba Dinghai aba intumwa y’umushumba mukuru Yuanzhuo. Yabonye impamya bumenyi y’ikirenga mu ishuri ry’Akademi ya Buda mu Bushinwa mu w’1991 hanyuma yongera kubona impamya bumenyi ya doctora Honoris Caura  mu bumenyi imitegekere mu burezi muri kaminuza ya Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya mu gihugu cya Tayilandi mu mwaka wa 2007. Yabonye igihembo cya zahabu y’amahoro cy’Atish Dipankar muri Bangladesh mu mwaka wa 2010 ahabwa izina izina rya Docteur wa Tripitaka n’inama ya ba Bhikhshus na Sanghas y’Abahinde mu mwaka wa 2011.
  
Ubu Umushumba mukuru Xuecheng Umushumba mukuru Xuecheng ni umwe mu bagize inama ngenzura mikorere ya politike ya komite ya Repubulika y’Abaturage b’Abashinwa,akaba uwungirije umuyobozi mukuru wa 11 bagize inama nkuru y’urubyiruko rw’Abashinwa. Akaba sokereteri generali w’inama ya gatatu y’Aabashinwa y’iyobikamana n’amahoro, umuyobozi wungirije w’Akademi y’Ababudisite y’Abashinwa akaba umuyobozi mukuru w’ishuli rikuru ry’ubushakashatsi mu bumenyamuntu n’iyobokamana mu ishuli rikuru nderabarezi rya Beijing akaba umushumba mukuru mu rusengero rwa Guanhua (Putian, mu ntara ya Fujian), w’urusengero rwa Famen Fufeng, intara ya Shaanxi aka n’umushumba mukuru w’urusengero rwa Longquan muri (Beijing)

## References
Kibeho

## Tumenye kibeho
**Kibeho** ni umwe mu mirenge y'akarere ka Nyaruguru mu Ntara y'Amajyepfo y'u Rwanda.

I Kibeho hazwi kubera ibonekerwa rya Bikira Mariya ryahabaye kuva mu mwaka wa 1981 kugeza 

muwa 1989.

habera amasengesho menshi atandukanye irizwi cyane ni isengeshi riba ku italiki 15 kanama buri mwaka ku munsi w'ijyanwa mu ijuru rya bikiramariya. hari ubutaka butagatifu ndetse n'amazi matagatifu kubakirisitu baba katolike bizera ko akiza indwara bituma bayita amazi y'umugisha.
Indwara y’igisebe cy’umufunzo

**Indwara y’igisebe cy’umufunzo (Buruli Ulcer) ** (izwi kandi ku izina rya **Bairnsdale ulcer**, **Searls ulcer**, cg  **Daintree ulcer**) ni indwara yandura iterwa na mikorobe yitwa *[[Mycobacterium ulcerans]]*. Mu ntangiliro yo kuyandura hagaragara akabyimba cyangwa igice cy’umubili kibyimbye aliko bitagaragaza ububabare  nodule . Aka kabyimba gashobora kuvamo igisebe ku mubili ulcer. Igisebe gishobora kuba kinini muko kinjiye mu mubili kurusha uko kigaragara ku ruhu rw'umubili,  gishobora kandi gukikizwa n’ububyimbe bw’uruhu. Uko indwara igenda ikura, amagupfa ashobora kugerwaho nayo akandura.. Igisebe cy’umufunzo gikunda kwanduza amaboko n’amaguru; umuliro ntukunda kugaragara.

## Igitera iyi ndwara
*M. ulcerans* Iyi ndwara ivubura uburozi buzwi ku izina rya mycolactone, bugabanya cg bugakuraho ubudahangarwa bw’imikorere y’ibanze y’umubili bigakulikirwa no gupfa k’udupande tw’umubili bita death. Udukoko two mu muryango umwe kandi dutera indwara y’igituntu n’iy’ibibembe amazina akulikira y’utwo dukoko ni (*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis|M. tuberculosis]]* na * [[Mycobacterium leprae|M. leprae]]*. Uko indwara igenda ikwirakwira ntibiramenyekana neza. Amasoko y’amazi ashobora kugira uruhare mu ikwirakwizwa ry’indwara. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2013 nta rukingo rukwiliye rwali ruraboneka.

## Ivurwa ry’indwara
Iyo abantu bavuwe kare, umuti wa antibiotiki, antibiotics uvura neza mu rwego rwa 80% nyuma y’ibyumweru umunani. Ubuvuzi akenshi bugizwe n’imiti ya rifampicin na streptomycin. Clarithromycin aliko akenshi moxifloxacin niyo ikoreshwa mu mwanya wa streptomycin. Ubundi buryo bwo kuyivura bugizwe no kubaga no kuvanamo ikibyimba 

cutting out . Nyuma y’uko ubwandu bukira, igice cy’umubili nyilizina gisigarana inkovu.

## Ikwirakwizwa ry’ubwandu
Ibisebe by’umufunzo bikunda kuboneka mu byaro by’Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara cyane cyane mu gihugu cya Cote d'Ivoire, aliko ishobora no kuboneka muli Aziya, mu Burengerazuba bwa Pasifika ndetse n’ubwa za Amerika. Ubwandu bwagaragaye mu bihugu birenga 32. Buli mwaka haboneka ubwandu buli mu kigero kili hagati y’ibihumbi bitanu n’ibihumbi bitandatu. Iyi ndwara kandi iboneka mu mubare w’inyamaswa zitali abantu. Albert Ruskin Cook niwe wabaye uwa mbere mu gushyira ahagaragara ibisebe by’umufunzo mu mwaka wa 1897.

## Inyandiko zifashijijwe
Warszawa

**Warszawa** n’umurwa mukuru w'Polonye. Ituwe n'abaturage miliyoni 1,7 .

## Abaturage

ImageSize = width:420 height:320
PlotArea = left:50 right:20 top:25 bottom:30
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = late
Colors =
  id:linegrey2 value:gray(0.9)
  id:linegrey value:gray(0.7)
  id:cobar value:rgb(0.2,0.7,0.8)
  id:cobar2 value:rgb(0.6,0.9,0.6)
DateFormat = yyyy
Period = from:0 till:2000000
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:500000 start:0 gridcolor:linegrey
ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:500000 start:0 gridcolor:linegrey2
PlotData =
  color:cobar width:20 align:center
  bar:1500 from:0 till:6500  
  bar:1624 from:0 till:48000 
  bar:1800 from:0 till:63400  
  bar:1939 from:0 till:1289000 
  bar:1945 from:0 till:422000 
  bar:1960 from:0 till:1139189
  bar:2000 from:0 till:1610471 
  bar:2014 from:0 till:1735442 
PlotData=
  textcolor:black fontsize:S
  bar:1500 at: 6500 text: 6500 shift:(0)
  bar:1624 at: 48000 text: 48000 shift:(0)
  bar:1800 at: 63400 text: 63400 shift:(0)
  bar:1939 at: 1289000 text: 1289000  shift:(0)
  bar:1945 at: 422000 text: 422000 shift:(0)
  bar:1960 at: 1139189 text: 1139189 shift:(0)
  bar:2000 at: 1610471 text: 1610471 shift:(0)
  bar:2014 at: 1735442 text: 1735442 shift:(0)
  

## Imiyoboro
* ''www.um.warszawa.pl/''
Umurenge wa Niboye

Umurenge wa Niboye ni umwe mu mirenge igize akarere ka Kicukiro! Uhana imbibi n'umurenge wa Kicukiro ndetse n'umurenge wa Kanombe igize akarere ka Kicukiro, ndetse n'umurenge wa Remera uri mu karere ka Gasabo.
Irebenet.com

**irebenet.com** ni website yakorewe mu rwanda kandi ikaba inatangaza inkuru ziri mu kinyarwanda. iyi website yakozwe numuntu bita Niyitanga Jean muri bibiri na cumi na gatanu (2015). irebenet.com ni website yubatswe ku buryo bugoye kuko yatangiye gukorwa na Niyitanga wenyine.gusa yaje kunjyenda yongeramo abakozi bitewe nuko yari afite akazi kenshi ko gukora; kuko uko bwije nuko bukeye niko icyari igitekerezo cyo kwandika inkuru; cyagiye cyaguka atangira gukora online marketing; nyuma nko mu mwaka w2017 yaje gukora sistemu ya kaminuza yigagamo(university of Rwanda nyarugenge campus) y'itumanaho;nyuma yaho gato mu ntangiriro zumwaka w2018 nibwo yaje gukora indi system yo kwamamaza akoresheje imikino ikinirwa ku mafoto, akaba ari nawe  wahanze  ubu buryo bwo kwamamaza ku isi yose. mu mwaka w2015 yigaga mu mwaka wa 5 mu mashuli yisumbuye mu ishami rya MPC mu kigo kiba i kanombe mu mugi wa kigali cyitwa efotec;akaba ari nabwo yashyize hanze urubuga rwe; yaje kurangiza mu w2016, atsinda neza kuburyo bamuhauye buruse yo kwiga muri kaminuza muri 2017/2018.
Niyitanga Jean

Niyitanga Jean uzwi ku izina rya The great sophisticated cyagwa kuri best in perfects.
akaba yaravutse mu mwaka w1999, akaba ari umwana wa gatandatu mu muryango wabana 12 avukana nabo. akaba abana n'ababyeyi be mu mugi wa musanze rwagati akaba ari naho yabarizwaga mbere yo mu mwaka wa 2017.
#aho yize.
#irebenet.com
Valery Leontiev

**Valery Leontiev** cyangwa **Valery Yakovlevich Leontiev** (19 Werurwe, 1949, Uburusiya).

## Imiyoboro
* www.leontiev.ru
Rukuruzi

**Rukuruzi** ni imbaraga ziri munda yi isi {gravitetion force} zikaba zifite ubushobozi bwo gukurura buri kintu bitewe ni ibiro gifite [mass] kugirango kigaruke kubutaka iyo gihanuka cyangwa gisimbuka.  .~"G.J.B"~.
Umwami Fayçal

**Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud** ( **; 14 Mara 1906 – 25 Werurwe 1975) yari umwami wa Arabiya Sawudite guhera itariki ebyiri (2) z' ukwezi kwa cumi na kumwe (11) mu  1964 kugeza  kuri makumyabiri n' eshanu (25) Werurwe (ukwezi kwa gatatu) mu 1975. 

Yakoze ibikorwa bitandukanye mu kuzamura imibereho myiza y' Abanyafurika harimo n' ibitaro bikomeye biri mu Rwanda byaje kumwitirirwa.
Umusigiti wa Imam Hasan

**Umusigiti wa Imam Hasan** (izina mu kinyaperisi: **مسجد امام حسن**) ni umusigiti i mashhad mu

ri Irani.
Umurenge wa Muhoza

Umurenge wa muhoza ukaba ari Umurenge urimo ubuyobozi bw'akarere ka musanze, akaba ari naho umugi uri byumwihariko.
. 
. 
. 
.
Umubumbe wa Mars

Umubumbe wa Mars (ikimenyetso: ) ni umwe mu icyenda igaragiye izuba ukaba wegeranye n’uwacu w’isi.
Ni umubumbe wa kane uvuye ku izuba, kandi ukaba umubumbe wa kabiri muto nyuma ya Mercury.
Mu cyongereza bawita "Roman God of War",(Kinyarwanda: Imana y'Intambara y'Abaromani), Bawita kandi "Umubumbe Utukura" kubera ibara ryawo ritukura rigaragarira amaso ya muntu Ntabindi bikoresho byifashishijwe.

Mars kandi, Niho cumbi rya Olympus Mons, Ikirunga Kinini cyane kurusha ibindi kandi kikaba n'Umusozi wa kabiri muremure cyane Muri Sisiteme y'Izuba.
Kuri Mars haba Ukwezi kwa Phobos n'ukwa Deimos. Phobos na Deimos n'Amezi abiri afite ishusho nto kandi Itaringaniye, Bishoboka ko yombi (Phobos na Deimos), Akomoka ku ma Asteroids yafashwe kuri Mars nkuko byagenze kuri 5261 Eureka, Trojan yo
Itangiriro

**ITANGIRIRO**

iki gitabo ni icyambere mubitabo bigize Bibiliya yera kikaba kigaragaza urukundo rw'imana yacu*Itangiriro nikimwe mubitabo byanditswe na Mose* Ubwo yari ari mubutayu,iki gitabo nanone kigizwe nibice 50(chapters)
Virusi

**Virusi**
*virusi ni agakoko gatera SIDA 
*Kakaba kandurira mu kwivanga kwa amaraso yumuntu muzima hamwe nuwanduye
*Kakaba arigato ntikagaragara keretse kurebesha ibyuma byabugenewe nka; (mikorosikopi)Microscopy.
Abahutu

**Abahutu** ni abantu bari bagize kimwe mu byiciro byarangaga Abanyarwanda ariko cyane cyane bikareberwa ku mibereho yabo mu Rwanda rwo hambere y’abakoroni. Ariko abakoroni bageze mu RWANDA  baza kubihundura ubwoko.
Umurenge wa Bumbogo

Email: 
Website: https://web.archive.org/web/20211109093930/https://bumbogosector.rw/ Sura website y'Umurenge wa Bumbogo

Bumbogo ni umwe mu mirenge cumi n'itanu (15 ) ibarizwa mu Karere ka Gasabo kabarizwa m'uturere dutatu tugize m'Umujyi wa Kigali.

Umurenge wa Bumbogo ufite utugari 7 n'imidugudu 43.
Yohani Martin Sutermeister

**Yohani (Hans) Martin Sutermeister** (Ubusuwisi, 29 Nzeri 1907 – 5 Gicurasi 1977), pseudonym **Hans Moehrlen**, yari umuganga wafashaga abantu babaga barashyzwe muri gereza kuburengane (*[[:fr:Syndicat suisse des détenus|Syndicat suisse des détenus]]*). 

Yanditse ibitabo byinshi byerekeye ubuganga nibindi byerekeye ubuzima bwe (*Zwischen zwei Welten*, 1942). Kuva 1968 kugera 1971 yari Diregiteri wa ishuri rya Berne

## Imiyoboro

* WorldCat
* Nachlass, Burgerbibliothek Bern

## Inyandiko zifashishijwe
Umurenge wa Nyundo

**Umurenge wa** **Nyundo** ni umwe mu mirenge cumi n'ibiri igize Akarere ka Rubavu mu Ntara y'uburengerazuba ukaba warahoze muri prefegitura ya Gisenyi mbere yuko zikurwaho.Mubushakashatsi bwakozwe bwerekana imibereho y'abaturage ndetse n'ingo mu mwaka wa 2022 n'ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe ibarurisha mibare bwagaragajeko, Umurenge wa Nyundo:

* ufite ubuso bungana na km² 31.50
* utuwe n'abaturage bagera mu bihumbi 42,305 aho 52.6% ari abagore naho 47.4% ari abagabo. 54.7% bakaba bari hagati y'imyaka 15 na 64, 41.9% bakaba bari munsi y'imyaka 15 naho 3.4% bakaba bari hejuru ya 64.
* ufite utuwe kuri km² 1 nabaturage basaga 1,343
* 39.5% ari umugi mugihe 60.5% ari icyaro

Umurenge wa Nyundo ukaba uhana imbibi n'umurenge wa Nyamyumba, Rugerero, Kanama ndetse na Nyakiriba.

## Reba
Umurenge wa Muganza

Umurenge wa Muganza uhererereye mu majyepfo yuburengerazuba bw' akarere ka Nyaruguru (-2.6133136549023903, 29.01959164694231).Ugizwe n'utugali dutatu aritwo Shara, Gakoni na Cyarukara  . Akagali ka Shara gaherereye kuva ku ryambere ( First street) kugera ku ryagatatu (Third street), aka Gakoni gaherereye Kuryakane kugera kuryagatandatu, naho aka Cyarukara kava kuryakarindwi kugera kurya munani. Imwe mu mirenge bihana imbibi Bugarama, Rwimbogo, Gitambi na Gikundamvura. Uyu murenge niwo uherereyemo uruganda rwa CIMERWA ltd rukora isima, ukaba unazwiho guhinga umuceri dore ko ufite ubuso bunini buhigwamo umuceli mu kibaya cyimbo. Bikaba byumvikana ko abaturage baho batuzwe cyane n'ubuhinzi.
Laptop imwe kuri buri mwana (OLPC)

**Mudasobwa imwe kuri buri mwana**  (in English **One Laptop per Child** or **OLPC**) ni gahunda ya Leta idaharanira inyungu yashyizweho ifite intego yo guhindura uburezi bw’ abana ku isi. Iyi ntego yari kugerwaho aruko hakozwe kandi Hagakwirakwizwa ibikoresho by’uburezi mu isi ikiri munzira y’amajyambere ndetse hagashyirwamo porogaramu ninyigisho muribyo bikoresho.   

## 
  Intego yayo nyamukuru ikomeje kuba guhindura uburezi muguha ubushobozi abana bo mubihugu bikiri munzira y’amajyambere kugira uburenzira kunyigisho, amakuru, naho gukorera porogaramu za mudasobwa. Mugihe iyi gahunda yatangizwaga, igiciro fatizo kuri mudasobwa yari amadolari arenga igihumbi y’Amerika ($1,000 US), bityo ntibyari gushoboka kugera kuriyi ntego uretse gukora imashini zihendutse. Iyi yabaye mudasobwa ya OLPC XO, ifite igiciro gito kandi zikoresha n’umuriro muke. Mwitangira umushinga waterwaga inkunga itagizwe n’amafaranga n’abagize imiryango nka AMD, eBay, Google, Marvell Technology Group, News Corporation, Nortel. Chi Mei Corporation, Red Hat, na Quanta. 

## 

Umushinga wa OLPC washimwe henshi ndetse uba ntamakemwa. Uyu mushinga washimwe kubw’imashini zigiciro gito, zikoresha umuriro muke, ndetse wizeza ubufatanye mu rwego rwa za Minisiteri mu bihugu byinshi aho za mudasobwa zikoreshwa nka kimwe mu ishingiro ry’uburezi, gushyiraho ahantu hafasha gukoresha mudasobwa nta kijijinganya mu rurimi urwo arirwo rwose ndetse byumwihariko nta bumenyi mu rurimi rw’icyongereza. Bakiriye ibitekerezo byinshi harimo ibirebana na gahunda yabo, ndetse nibijyanye n’uburyo bwabo nk’imfashanyo, kuzikoresha muburyo bworoshye, umutekano wazo, ibizikorerwaho nubuzima bwite bwabyo. 

Abayobozi b’Ibihugu bimwe na bimwe bavugiye kumugaragaro kubijyanye numwihariko w’igiciro cyuyu mushinga, kubijyanye n’umuco ndetse nibihabwa agaciro ugereranyije nibikenewe n’abaturage by’ibanze mubihugu bikiri munzira y’amajyambere.

## Amashakiro
Umurenge wa Nyakariro

**Nyakariro Umurenge** uherereye mu karere ka rwamagana intara y 'iburasirazuba.

Uyu murenge gizwe nutugari dutanu (5):

# Bihembe
# Gishore
# Rwimbogo
# Gatare
# Munini

## References
Šiprage

**Šiprage** – (izina mu kinyabosiniya na kinyakorowasi : Šiprage ; izina mu kinyaseribiya : Шипраге)  na Bosiniya na Herizegovina Uburayi.
## Galleria


|Plan (18,42 x 14.2 m) Roman basilica, 5. century
|One of two last stećak, 12. century


## Sauyin yanayi

## Demography

*1931, 1953: Municipality Šiprage
+ Nharaunda Šiprage

## Reference


## Internet

* 
*http://www.maplandia.com/bosnia-and-herzegovina/republika-srpska/siprage/ Maplandia
*http://www.satellitecitymaps.com/europe-map/bosnia-and-herzegovina-map/federation-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina-map/%C5%A1iprage-map/
*http://www.distancesfrom.com/distance-from-Siprage-to-Banja-Luka-Bosna-i-Hercegovina/DistanceHistory/5243320.aspx
*http://www.maplandia.com/bosnia-and-herzegovina/republika-srpska/siprage/ Maplandia
*http://www.satellitecitymaps.com/europe-map/bosnia-and-herzegovina-map/federation-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina-map/%C5%A1iprage-map/
*http://www.distancesfrom.com/distance-from-Siprage-to-Banja-Luka-Bosna-i-Hercegovina/DistanceHistory/5243320.aspx
*http://www.udaljenosti.com/bosna/- Distances in B&H
Roubaix

Umujyi wa **Roubaix** (izina mu gifaransa : *Roubaix* ; izina mu giholandi : *Robaais* ) n'umujyi w'Ubufaransa mu majyaruguru y'igihugu, hafi y'umupaka w'Ububiligi. Mu mwaka wa 2013, umujyi wa Roubaix wari ufite abaturage .

## Imiyoboro
* Rubuga rwa interineti rw'Umujyi wa Roubaix **(fr)**
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva

**Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva** (27 Ukwakira 1945 &ndash;), Perezida wa 35 wa Burezile.

## Imiyoboro
* Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva website
Kim Il-sung

**Kim Il-sung **(1912-1994), Perezida wa 1 wa Koreya ya Ruguru. 

## Leadership (1948–1994)

### Gusubira muri Koreya
Fondation Kizito Mihigo pour la Paix

**Fondation Kizito Mihigo pour la Paix** bakunze kwita **Fondation KMP**, ni umuryango utari uwa Leta washinzwe mu mwaka wa 2010 n'umuhanzi Kizito Mihigo. Intego yawo ni 

uguharanira amahoro n'ubwiyunge nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi muri 1994  

## Ibikorwa

Guhera mu mwaka wa 2011, ku bufatanye na Ambassade ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika hamwe n'umuryango World Vision International, Fondation KMP yatangiye ubukangurambaga mu mashuri yo mu Rwanda no muri za gereza zose zo mu gihugu. Muri Kanama 2011 Kizito Mihigo yahawe igihembo na Madamu Jeannette Kagame kubera ibikorwa by'iyi fondation biharanira amahoro n'ubwiyunge  

Muri Werurwe 2013, KMP yahawe igihembo igihembo n'Ikigo cy'igihugu cy'imiyoborere (RGB)  nk'umwe mu miryango itari iya Leta ikora ibikorwa bifasha igihugu mu miyoborere myiza

Fondation KMP yahagaritse ibikorwa byayo muri Mata 2014 ubwo umuhanzi Kizito Mihigo yafungwaga na Leta ashinjwa ibyaha byo gushaka guhirika ubutegetsi bwa FPR Inkotanyi, na Perezida wa Repuburika Paul Kagame 

## Inyandiko shingiro


## Imbuga

*Urubuga rwa Kizito Mihigo
*Urubuga rwa Fondation KMP
Amahigi

Amahigi Ni amagambo yifashishwaga n'abanyarwanda bakera, Bari guhiga inyamaswa. Aya magambo akaba yarari mu rujyano rwimvikana ko Ari indirimbo zo kubatera umurava, kugira ngo bataruha cg bakarambirwa Dore ko byabaga bitoroshye kubona inyamaswa ngo uyice. Bivugwa ko kurubu haruduce tumwe na tumwe nko muburengera zuba no mumajyaruguru hagikoreshwa amagorane ariko mu rwego rwo gususurutsa abana, nkibusakuzo cg mu bitaramo byumugoroba.
Umurenge wa Karangazi

**Umurenge wa Karangazi** ni umwe mu mirenge igize akarere ka Nyagatare. Ukaba ari umurenge urangwa n'ibikorwa by'ubuhinzi n'ubworozi bw'inka. Uhana imbibi na pariki y'Akagera. Karangazi akaba ariwo murenge munini mu Rwanda.
HABIMANA Jean de Dieu

HABIMANA Jean Dieu
School Construction Engineer in Gakenke District
Bsc in Civil Engineering From National University of Rwanda
Born on 8th/10/1983 in Cyabingo sector/Gakenke District
From 1990 to 1999 Kamisave Primary School 
From 1999 to 2002 O' level Kagogo Secondary School
From 2002 to 2005 A' level in Math-Phys at Musanze Sciences School
From 15/04/2006- 2/10/2006 Teacher of physics and mathematics in Kagogo Secondary school
From January 2007 to September 2007 EPLM In National University of Rwanda
From January  2008 to October 2011 Applied Sciences in National University of Rwanda
where I got bsc in Civil Engineering
from December 2012 to July 2015 work in Rwanda Education Board as school Construction Engineer in Burera District under contract
From October 2015 to August 2016 work in Burera District as School Construction Engineer under Contract
From 1/09/2016 up now  work in Gakenke  District as School Construction Engineer under status
Ibyivugo

Ndi umuhungu ndumuzira guhunga nanze guhunga iwacu byakomeye ndiriruti nditutica umugambi munti zateranye klurugamba nkaba rutega mubiri.
Imana

**Imana** [Mu kigiriki: Theos] Ni Umutegetsi w'ikirenga w'ijuru n'isi. Ni Umuremyi wa byose Abantu bakunze kuyita amazina menshi y'icyubahiro nk' Uwiteka, Umwami, Ruhanga, Data, Uhoraho, Isumbabyose, Ishoborabyose, Allah (bisobanura Imana mu Cyarabu)... Gusa muri Bibiliya izina bwite ryayo ni Yehova-Zab83:18;Yer16:21(Risobanura Ituma biba).
Umurenge wa Gasange

Uyu ni umwe mu mirenge magana ane na cumi n'itandatu(416) igize igihugu cy'u Rwanda, Gasange ihereye mu karere ka Gatsibo mu ntara y'iburasirazuba.
Inanc Ciftci

**Inanc Ciftci** wavukiye mu murwa mukuru wa Turikiya, Ankara kuya 22 Mata 1971, yavutse afite inzozi zo kuzakora ibijyanye nubucuruzi. inzozi ze zaje kuba impamo ubwo Inanc Ciftci yararangije amashuri muri kaminuza yo muri Istanbul. mu mwaka wa 1989 akaba yaratangiye gukora ubucuruzi mu bihugu bigiye bitandukanye ku Isi.
Bwana Inanc Ciftci ubwo yiyemeje gushorimari mu bijyanye nuburezi
Mu mwaka wa 1997, Inanc Ciftci yashinze sosiyete yitwa Inanc Telecom Communication Service ikora ibijyanye nitumanaho ndetse nikoranabuhanga aho iyi sosiyete yarifite inzobere zisaga 134.
Nyuma yaho asuye u Rwanda mu kwezi kwa Kamena, 2011 agashimishwa naho u Rwanda rugeze rwiyubaka ndetse akishimira icyerekezo igihugu gifite, Inanc Ciftci yiyemeje gushorimari mu bijyanye nuburezi ndetse aba umwe mubashoramari bashinze Kaminuza ya Kigali (University of Kigali).
Mu mwaka wa 2011, inama yabaminisitiri yarateranye yemeza ko bwana Inanc Ciftci ahagararira inyungu zu Rwanda muri Istanul , Turkey.
Mr. Inanc Ciftci (iburyo) ari kumwe numuyobozi wikigo cyIgihugu cyIterambere, Clare Akamanzi
Inanc Ciftci yashishikarije abashoramari bo muri Turikiya gushora imari mu Rwanda ndetse abereka ko nta gihombo na kimwe bagira mu gihe bahashoye amafaranga. Ku ikubitiro, abashoramari 15 baturutse muri Turikiya bahise bashora imari mu bijyanye nubukerarugendo, ubuzima, ubwubatsi nibijyanye ningufu zamashanyarazi.
U Rwanda narwo rukaba rutarasiganwe namahirwe yo gukorera ubucuruzi muri Turikiya, dore ko abacuruzi babanyarwanda bari kumwe na Minisitiri wububanyi namahanga wu Rwanda, Madame Louise Mushikiwabo berekeje Istanbul mu mpera zumwaka wa 2011 mu kureba amahirwe u Rwanda rufite mu kuba Abanyarwanda bahakorera ubucuruzi ndetse no koherezayo ibikorerwa mu Rwanda.
Imboga zikonjesheje

Imboga zikonjesheje( muli konjerateri) ni imwe mu ndyo zuzuye intungamubiri, wowe cyangwa  se bana bawe mushobora kurya.Ikibabaje gusa ni uko abantu benshi batazifata nk'ibiryo bisanzwe.Kubera izo mpamvu , usanga benshi iyo bigeze igihe cyo gukora ilisiti y'ibyo guhaha batazishyiramo.
Ibi aliko ni ikosa rikomeye kuko nazo zifitiye umubiri akamaro cyimwe n'imboga zitoshye. 

**Zimwe mu nyungu z'imboga zikonjesheje :**

Imboga zikonjesheje zuzuye intungamubiri ,Igikorwa cyo gukonjesha gituma imboga zigumana intungamubiri zifitemo bidasabye ko hongerwamo amo poroduwi yandi atagize icyo amariye umubiri, bitihise ashobora no guteza indwara.
Kiliziya Gatolika

**Kiliziya Gatolika** ni imwe itunganye ikomoka ku ntumwa igitabo cyingenzi ni Bibiliya ntagatifu nigitabo
I nyagasambu

I Nyagasambu ni ahantu mu Rwanda hamenyekanye kubera umugani ngo 'N'i Nyagasambu rirarema', ubu ni mu karere ka Rwamagana
Jair Bolsonaro

**Jair Messias Bolsonaro** (21 Werurwe 1955 &ndash;), Perezida wa 38 wa Burezile.

## Imiyoboro
* Jair Bolsonaro website
Adolf Hitler

**Adolf Hitler** (Braunau am Inn, ku ya 20 Mata 1889-Berlin, ku ya 30 Mata 1945) **Adolf Hitler** yari Otirishiya umunyapolitiki  , mu ideologue isonga mu y'Igihugu c'Umugambwe . Yabaye, demokarasi yatorewe , Chancellor wa Budage , ariko buhoro buhoro yakuyeho uburyo bwa gutandukana ububasha mu Leta German na agglutinating bo mu muntu be kuba *wategekaga* kimwe mu zikomeye cyane abanyagitugu mu kinyejana makumyabiri . Azayobora Ishyaka rya Gisosiyalisiti ry’Abakozi b'Abadagekandi yari umuyobozi wa Reich ya gatatu . Ingengabitekerezo ya Gisosiyalisiti y’igihugu yateye imbere mu gihe cya guverinoma ya Hitler yarimo ivangura rishingiye ku moko n’ibitekerezo byibasiye cyane cyane Abayahudi , bikavamo Itsembabwoko. Icyakora, ivanguramoko ryatejwe imbere n’Ubudage bw’Abasosiyalisiti ry’Abadage ryarimo andi moko nk’abaswa kandi muri rusange, umuntu uwo ari we wese wabonaga ko atari Aryan , ashingiye ku gitekerezo cy’ubuziranenge bw’amoko Hitler yateje imbere mu gitabo cye *Mein Kampf* . Ingengabitekerezo, leta y'Ubudage na Hitler ubwe barwanyaga abakomunisiti muri SSSR. Mu murima wa politiki mpuzamahanga, Hitler bigamije kugarura mu *Manu gisirikare* ya German bavuga turere bari batakaje nyuma y'Intambara ya Mbere y'Isi na gusenyuka mu Austro-Hungarian Empire .
Amagorane

###### Ingero z'amagorane:


# Bwa bwana bwabonye ubwanwa bwa bwana bwa bwana bwanga kwemera ko ubwanwa bwa bwana aribwo bwanwa bwana yereka bwa bwana bwa bwanwa bwa bwana bwemera ko ubwanwa bwa bwana aribwo bwo.
# Jijisha izo njiji 
# Fasha so sha 
# Ibibiribiri bibiri bya nyirabibiribiri biri mu murima wa Kabiligi
# Ta izo njyo uze urye izi nzuzi
# Isha y'umushi y'ishashi ishotse icuritse ijosi
# Ese mwa bagabo mwe aho muri bahababoheye??
# Kalisa arusha se ijwi
# Ahaho hahahwe abangaba barahabaha ngo bahabe
# Nshiye imbere y' ingoro nikoreye imboga nsanga imbogo yicaye imbere y'ingoro
#
#
Akagari ka Kabasengerezi

Akagali ka kabasengerezi kagizwe n'imidugudi ine : Icyeza, Intwali, Kabasengerezi, n'Ikana.
The Prayer Cell is made up of four villages: White, The Hero, The Prayer, and The Child.
Igihugu

Igihugu cy'u Rwanda kitwa igihugu k'imisozi ibihumbi.Abenshi bavuga ko ari u Rwanda rw'imisozi igihumbi kubera ko harimo imisozi miremire nka za Karisimbi, akaba ari na wo musozi muremure mu Rwanda rwa Gasabo.
Umurenge wa Nemba

**Umurenge wa Nemba** ugizwe n’utugali tune: Gisozi, Gahinga, Mucaca na Buranga

Ni wo urimo bimwe mu bitaro by’akarere ka Gakenke byitwa IBITARO BYA NEMBA (HÔPITAL NEMBA)biri muri kilometero igera kuri imwe uvuye mu gasanteri ka Gakenke, Ku muhanda Kigali-Musanze.

Umurenge wa Nemba ufite Ishuri rya Leta abanyeshuri biga babamo: Ni ishuri Ryisumbuye rya Nyarutovu (Nyarutovu Secondary School).Ufite kandi Ishuri ryigenga rya APRODESOC-Nemba. Ayo mashuri yombi yegeranye n’ibitaro. Irya Leta riri iburyo ugererenyije n’aho Paruwasi yubatse na ho iryigenga rikaba ibumoso. [Aha dufatiye ku muntu ureba muri Buranga ahagaze mu misozi iteganye na Kiliziya ku ruhande rwegereye umugezi witwa Musange].

Ibindi bikorwa remezo byegeranye n’umurenge wa Nemba ni nk’isoko rya Gakenke; na ho mu bijyanye n’amateka umurenge wa Nemba ni wo ubamo iriba rya Gihanga n’irya Nyirarucyaba ku musozi wa Kabuye.
Mutara III Rudahigwa

## '''Mutara III Rudahigwa'''  yabaye umwami w'u [[Rwanda]] kuva 1931 kugeza 1959. Yimye ingoma ku wa 16 Ugushyingo 1931 nyuma yuko se, [[Yuhi V Musinga]] akuwe ku butegetsi. guverinoma y'abakoloni b'Ababiligi iminsi ine mbere. Niwe mwami wa mbere w'u Rwanda winjiye mu idini rya Gatolika. Yabaye Umugatolika mu 1943 maze afata izina rya gikristo "Charles Léon Pierre". Se Yuhi V yari yaranze kujya mu bukristu, kandi Kiliziya Gatolika yo mu Rwanda yamufata nk'umuntu urwanya abakristu wahagaritse ibikorwa byo gukwirakwiza ubukristu mu Rwanda. Rudahigwa yari yarigiye rwihishwa ubukristu ayobowe n'umuyobozi wa kiliziya gatolika yo mu Rwanda, Léon Classe, kuva mu 1929, kandi we ubwe yari yarateguwe n'Ababiligi kugira ngo asimbure se. Mu 1946, yeguriye igihugu cye Kristo maze ahinduka Ubukristo .

## ibintu bitangaje k'uMwami Mutara III Rudahigwa
Nakubwirako umwami Rudahigwa ari we wambere washakanye n'umwamikazi bagashyingiranwa imbere y'Imana; hari muri mutarama1942, Rudahigwa ni we mwami wa mbere u Rwanda rwagize wize akaba yarasimbuye se akiri kuntebe y'ishuri Rudahigwa kandi ya kundaga siporo ibyo byatumye ashinga ikipe ariyo bitaga' Amaregura' iyo kipe yari gizwe na batware kandi niwe mwami watunze imodoka, akagendera no mu ndege.

## Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa yashakanye na Rosariya Gicanda, uyu akaba yarishwe igihe cya Genoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda 1994.

Rudahigwa yatabarijwe ku musozi wa Mwima i Nyanza ku wa 28 Nyakanga 1959.

## Imiyoboro
Kigeli V Ndahindurwa

**Kigeli V Ndahindurwa** niwe mwami wa nyuma w'uRwanda akaba yarabatijwe akitwa Jean-Baptiste Ndahindurwa.

## Ubuzima bwa mbere n'uburere
Kigeli yavutse kuya 29 kamena 1936

I Kamembe, mu cyahoze hitwa Ruanda-Urundi, yima ingoma kuya 

28 nyakanga 1959 kugeza 28 mutarama 1961, mbere gato yuko Ububiligi butanga ubwigenge muri iki gihugu.

## Mu buhungiro
Igihe yari mu buhungiro muri Amerika, ntabwo yigeze yima uburenganzira bwe bw'ingoma kandi yafatwaga nk'umwami wa Jura w'u Rwanda, ayobora umusingi utanga ubufasha bw'ikiremwamuntu ku Rwanda.

Guverinoma y'u Rwanda yamwohereje muri Tanzaniya ku ya 2 Ukwakira 1961, nyuma aba muri Uganda na Kenya. Amerika yamuhaye ubuhungiro bwa politiki muri Nyakanga 1992 kandi yabaga muri Virginie kugeza apfuye mu gitondo cyo ku ya 16 Ukwakira 2016. Ibisigazwa bye byimuriwe mu Rwanda n'icyemezo cy'ubucamanza maze ahambwa ku ya 15 Mutarama 2017 mu karere ka Nyanza, hafi ya murumuna we Mutara III Rudahigwa.
Kigeli IV Rwabugiri

**Kigeli IV Rwabugiri** (1840? - Ugushyingo 1895) yari umwami w'Ubwami bw'u Rwanda mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19. Yari umwe mu bami b'abaNyiginya baheruka ku ngoma yari ku butegetsi yari yarakomotse ku gisekuru cye mu binyejana bine byabanje kugeza kuri Yari umututsi ku izina ry'amavuko rya Rwabugiri. Niwe mwami wa mbere mu mateka y'u Rwanda waje guhura n'Abanyaburayi. Yashyizeho ingabo zifite intwaro yakuye mu Budage kandi abuza abanyamahanga benshi cyane cyane Abarabu kwinjira mu bwami bwe.

Rwabugiri yarushijeho kugenzura ubutaka, amatungo, n'abantu bo muri Afurika yo hagati. Rwabugiri ntiyashoboye kugeza ubutegetsi bwe ku bwiyongere bw'butaka gusa, ahubwo yanashimangiye ubutegetsi mu ntore za politiki zamenyekanye nk'Abatutsi b'amoko. Mbere, ahanini bari abatware baho ubu bari bagize umuyoboro wemerera Umwami kwubaka ubumwe bw'igihugu mukarere gashya.

Rwabugiri yabaye umwami hagati y'imyaka 1853-1895. Yatanze (yapfuye) mu Gushyingo 1895, ubwo yari mu rugendo muri Leta ya Kongo Yigenga, nyuma gato yo kuza k'umushakashatsi w’umudage Count Gustav Adolf von Götzen. Umuhungu we wamureraga, Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa, yatangajwe ko ari umwami ukurikira.
Rosalie Gicanda

**Rosalie Gicanda** yavutse mu mwaka wa 1928 yitaba Imana kuwa 20 Mata 1994 yari umwamikazi wa nyuma w’u Rwanda, akaba umugore w'u  Mwami Mutara III Rudahigwa. Yabaye umwamikazi kuwa 13 Mutarama 1942 kugeza taliki 25 Nyakanga 1959. 

Azwi mu mateka y'u Rwanda kubera ubuzima bwe bwaranzwe n'ubugwaneza. 

yamaze indi myaka ibiri gusa, ku ngoma ya Mwami Kigeli V Ndahindurwa kugeza irangiye mu 1961.

## Amakuru yo kwitaba Imana kwe
Ku ya 20 Mata 1994, ubwo jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu mwaka w'1994 mu Rwanda yatangiraga ku mugaragaro i Butare, itsinda ry’abasirikare bayobowe na Liyetona Pierre Bizimana, ryayobowe na Kapiteni Idelphonse Nizeyimana, ryashimuse uwahoze ari umwami hamwe n’abandi bari batuye aho yari atuye.  

Bahise bimura abari bajyanywe bunyago inyuma yinzu ndangamurage y'igihugu barabarasa. Umwe mu barokotse ni umukobwa muto, waje kuvuga inkuru y'ubwo bwicanyi. Nyuma y'iminsi ibiri, nyina w'umwamikazi na we aricwa. Abisabwe n'umupadiri, Umuyobozi wa Butare, Kanyabashi, yakuye umurambo w'umwamikazi Gicanda maze ahambwa mu gikari iruhande rw'urugo rwe.

## Ishakiro
Akarere ka Kamonyi

**Kamonyi** ni kamwe mu turere mirongo itatu (30) tugize U Rwanda,gafite imirenge cumi n'ibiri (12);utugari mirongo itanu n'icyenda (59) ndetse kakagira imidugudu magana atatu na cumi n'irindwi (317) ,gafite ubuso kilometero kare magana tandatu mirongo itanu na gatanu n'ibice bitanu (655.5), gaherereye mu **Ntara y’Amajyepfo**. ibiro by'akarere byubatse mu mudugudu wa Ryabitana,akagari ka Gahinga, umurenge wa Gacurabwenge.
----

### <u>Amakuru Nyamukuru ku Karere ka Kamonyi</u>

#### 1. Aho gaherereye n’Imiterere y’Ubuso

* Kamonyi gaherereye mu **Ntara y’Amajyepfo**, kagahana imbibi na **Kigali** mu majyaruguru y’iburasirazuba.
* Kagabana imbibi na **[[Muhanga (Akarere)|Muhanga]]** mu burengerazuba, **[[Akarere ka Ruhango|Ruhango]]** mu majyepfo, na **Bugesera** mu burasirazuba.
* Aka karere kazwiho **imisozi itoshye n’ubutaka bwera**, bikagirira akamaro ubuhinzi.

#### 2. <u>imirenge</u>
Akarere ka Kamonyi kagabanyijemo **imirenge cumi n'ibiri (12)**:

# **Gacurabwenge**
# **Karama**
# **Kayenzi**
# **Kayumbu**
# **Mugina**
# **Musambira**
# **Ngamba**
# **Nyamiyaga**
# **Nyarubaka**
# **Rugarika**
# **Rukoma**
# **Runda**

Buri murenge ugizwe n’**utugari n’imidugudu** bifasha mu miyoborere y’akarere.

#### 3. Ubukungu n’Ubuhinzi
Ubukungu bwa Kamonyi bushingiye cyane ku **buhinzi**, aho abaturage bahinze ibihingwa bikurikira:

* **Imineke**
* **Ibishyimbo**
* **Ibigori**
* **Imyumbati**
* **Ikawa** (ni kimwe mu bihingwa ngengabukungu bikomeye)

Ubworozi burahakorerwa cyane, cyane cyane **ubworozi bw’inka zitanga amata n’inyama**.

Kubera aho gaherereye hafi ya **Kigali**, ubucuruzi n’iterambere ry’ubukungu biri gutera imbere cyane.

#### 4. Agaciro k’Amateka n’Umuco

* Kamonyi ifite **ahantu nyaburanga n’amateka y’ubukoloni ndetse n’igihe cy’ubwami bw’u Rwanda**.
* Hari **ahantu h’amateka n’ahibukirwa ku mateka y’igihugu**, harimo ahantu hakomeye hibukwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.
* **Ibuka Memorial Sites** ziri muri Kamonyi ni ahantu ho kwibuka no kwigisha ku mateka ya Jenoside.

#### 5. Ubukerarugendo n’Ahantu Nyaburanga

* **Uruzi rwa Rukarara**: Aho nyaburanga h’umwihariko hateye neza kandi hashobora kwifashishwa mu bukerarugendo.
* **Imidugudu ya Gakondo**: Hari ahantu hakigaragara uburyo bwo kubaho bwa kera bw’Abanyarwanda.
* **Insengero za kera n’inyubako za gikoloni**: Hari zimwe mu nyubako za kera zifite amateka yihariye.

#### 6. Uburezi n’Ibikorwaremezo

* Kamonyi ifite **uburezi bukomeje gutera imbere**, harimo amashuri abanza, ayisumbuye, n’ibigo by’imyuga.

## Aka karere gafite '''imihanda ifasha mu itumanaho''', ikihuza na Kigali ndetse n’utundi turere dukikije aka karere.
-https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/kamonyi-ugura-cyangwa-ugurisha-ikibanza-muri-site-z-imiturire-azajya-abanza-kwishyura-ibihumbi-250frw
Umurenge wa Nyamugari

umurenge wanyamugali uherereye muri kirehe uhaña imbibi na : mahama,kigina,kigalama,nyarubuye, tanzania(rusumo border) ukaba ugizwe nutugali 5 aritwo 1.bukora 2.nyamugali 3.kagasa 4.kazizi 5.kiyanzi ibiro byumurenge byubatse mukagali ka nyamugali ibihingwa bihingwa ni : amasaka,ibigori,ibishyimbo,imyumbati source:hodal from nyamugali/bukora
Gihanga

Gihanga ni komine yintara ya Bubanza mu majyaruguru yuburengerazuba bwu Burundi. Umurwa mukuru uri mu mujyi wa Gihanga. Umurwa mukuru w'intara uherereye i Bubanza.
Yuhi V Musinga

**Yuhi V Musinga** (1883 - 1944), amazina ye y'amavuko Musinga, yari umwe mu bategetsi ba nyuma b'ubwami bw'u Rwanda. Yabaye mwami (nyuma y’iyicwa rya murumuna we basangiye se Mibambwe IV mu 1896, yashyigikiye kungurana ibitekerezo n’abakoloni b’Abadage, ariko ahura n’ubuyobozi bw’abakoloni bw’Ababiligi igihe bwakiraga manda y’Umuryango w’ibihugu mu gutsindwa n’Ubudage mu gihe intambara ya mbere y'isi yose.

Buhoro buhoro yambura mwami uburenganzira bwe, ashaka gushyira idini Gatolika mu rukiko rwa Nyanza, Ababiligi barangije kwirukana umwami ku ya 12 Ugushyingo 1931 bashinjwa "kwikunda no kwifuza".

Ku ya 14 Ugushyingo, umwami yirukanywe mu gihugu cy’abaturanyi cya Kongo mu Bubiligi, azarangiza iminsi ye i Moba, naho umuhungu we, igikomangoma Charles Rudahigwa, yitwa mwami wo mu Rwanda ku ya 16 Ugushyingo 1931 ku izina rya Mutara III Rudahigwa .
Fred Rwigema

**[[Fred  Rwigema]]** (wavutse tariki 10 Mata 1957 apfa tarki 02 Ukwakira 1990) yari umunyapolitiki n' umusirikare w' umunyarwanda. Amazina ye y' ivuko ni Gisa Emmanuel. Ni umwe mu ntwari z' u Rwanda zaharaniye gutahura bamwe mu banyarwanda bari barahunze birukanywe mu gihugu cyabo kuva mu 1959. Kuri ubu Rwigema afatwa nk' Intwari mu bihugu nka Uganda na Mozambike kubera ibikorwa yahakoreye nk'umusirikari uko yagendaga abirwanirira.

Gisa ni umwe mu banyarwanda benshi bakuriye mu buhungiro.

Mu mwaka w' 1985, Rwigema yashinze ishyaka rya FPR (Rwanda Patriotic Front) riri kumwe n' umutwe w' ingabo wiswe RPA (Rwanda Patriotic Army).
Akarere ka Kirehe

**kirehe** ni akarere gaherereye mu burasirazuba bw'u Rwanda kakaba gahana imbibi na Ngoma , kayonza,  Uburundi , Tanzaniya . 

Umugezi w'Akagera niwo uhuza akarere ka Kirehe n'igihugu cya Tanzaniya. Akarere ka Kirehe gatuwe n'abaturage bagera kuri 340,893 batuye ku buso bwa km 1,1188.5(ibarura rusange ry'abaturage rya 2012).

Kirehe igizwe n'imirenge cumi n'ibiri (12)ariyo:

* Umurenge wa Gahara

*  Umurenge wa Gatore

* Umurenge wa Kigina
* Umurenge wa Kirehe
* Umurenge wa Mahama
* Umurenge wa Mpaanga
* Umurenge wa Musaza
* Umurenge wa Mushikiri
* Umurenge wa Naasho
* Umurenge wa Nyamugari
* Umurenge wa Nyarubuye
* Umurenge wa Kigarama

## Imiyoboro
Félicité Niyitegeka

**Félicité Niyitegeka** (yavutse mu 1934) Ni Umubikira w'umunyarwandakazi ubarwa mu ntwari z'igihugu, yavukiye  i Vumbi, mu cyahoze ari komini ya Runyinya, muri perefegitura ya Butare

## Amavu n'amavuko
. Ni bucura y'umuryango w'abana 10, Félicité yize mumashuri abanza ya Astrida, hanyuma yiga ayisumbuye mu ishuri rya Save mumashuri acungwa n'ababikira. Arangije amasomo ye mu myaka ya za 1950, Félicité yahawe inshingano yo kuba umwarimu n'umugenzuzi mu majyaruguru y'u Rwanda, mu ishuri rya Muramba. Icyo gihe yahawe na “Auxiliaires de l'Apostolat”, yitwa “Demoiselles”. Paruwasi ya Nyundo na seminari ya Nyundo yari imaze gushingwa ihabwa umwepiskopi w'umunyarwanda, Nyiricyubahiro Aloys Bigirumwami.
Félicité yavukiye mu muryango ufite kwizera Gukomeye muri Kristo, ise Simon Sekabwa yari umukiristu bikomeye.  Félicité yabaye umugore wa mbere w’umunyafurika wabaye Auxiliaires de l'Apostolat2. Auxiliaires de l'Apostolat intego yabo ni ugukorana bya hafi na musenyeri, Auxiliaires de l'Apostolat bitwaga Kinyarwanda "Abakobwa ba Musenyeri", Nyiricyubahiro Bigirumwami yohereje Félicité i Lourdes kugira ngo ahugurwe, aho ikigo cy’amahugurwa ku Isi cy’abafasha ba Apostolate giherereye.

## Umwuga
Tugarutse mu Rwanda, Félicité yabaye umwe mu bayobozi ba Auxiliaires de l'Apostolat. Umuyobozi wa mbere w’ishuri rikuru “Notre-Dame d'Afrique” rya Nyundo, umwepiskopi yamwohereje i Lourdes mu 1963, kugira ngo ajyane nabandi bagenzi be bo muri Afurika bahugurirwe hamwe. Yagarutse nyuma y'imyaka itandatu ashingwa kuyobora ubuyobozi bwa Centre Saint Pierre, ikigo cya diyosezi cyari ishinzwe amahugurwa n’umwiherero wa Auxiliaires de l'Apostolat. Icyubahiro cye cyambutse umupaka kugera i Goma, muri Zayire (Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo), aho yakoranye na bagenzi be. .Félicité yahoraga yifuza kwitangira umurimo , cyane cyane ku babikeneye cyane. Yabigaragaje muri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994.

Mu gukora urutonde rw'intwari z'igihugu, abayobozi basanze ubutwari bwe mubuzima bwe bwose bumwemerera kuba kurutonde maze yegurwa kuba intwari y'igihugu cy'u Rwanda. Ibi byatewe n'icyemezo cy'inama y'abaminisitiri yabaye ku ya 12 Nzeri 2011.

## Amashakiro
Intwari irimbi ryigihugu

Bitandukanye n'inzibutso za jenoside nyinshi mu Rwanda, Urwibutso rw'Intwari z'igihugu i Kigali ntirushobora kugera ku bantu. Uruhushya rwihariye rutangwa na minisiteri y’urubyiruko, siporo n’umuco rurasabwa kugera kuri uru ruganda ruto rw’imva n’imva hafi ya stade Amahoro.

Igitangaje kurushaho ni uko iyi atari urwibutso rwa jenoside gusa. Ahubwo, intwari icumi zibukiwe hano ziratandukanye na Jenerali Majoro Fred Rwigema, umuyobozi w'icyamamare w'ingabo z’ingabo z’inyeshyamba zo mu Rwanda (RPA) wishwe ku munsi wa kabiri RPA yateye u Rwanda mu Kwakira 1990; Agathe Uwilingiyimana, wahoze ari Minisitiri w’intebe w’Abahutu wishwe mu minsi ya mbere ya jenoside; n'abasirikare benshi batazwi.

Byinshi mu mva zabo byashushanywaga kuri marble yijimye yijimye kandi irimbishijweho zahabu. Bashyizwe mubutaka bunoze, bubungabunzwe neza nabarimyi babiri. Kurinda imva kubintu, ibisenge birinda bikingira hafi kurubuga rwose. Kurinda imva abacengezi, abarinzi babiri bitwaje imbunda barinda urwibutso igihe cyose. Agace gato kazengurutswe "ikigo cyabashyitsi" kirimo inzu yerekana ishusho yerekana hasi. Usibye amashusho yavuzwe nabandi,
Kungurana ibitekerezo

Guhana kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage (DEX) ni uburyo bwo guhanahana amakuru bukora mu buryo bwo kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage, ni ukuvuga, nta buyobozi bukuru. Kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi byemerera urungano rw’urungano rwo gucuruza amafaranga.

Kwinjira mu gitabo kuri Switcheo Guhana Kubera ko abakoresha badakeneye kohereza umutungo wabo mu kuvunja, guhana kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage bigabanya ibyago by’ubujura buva mu bucuruzi bw’ivunjisha. Kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi birashobora kandi gukumira ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga cyangwa ibicuruzwa byahimbwe binyuze mu bucuruzi bwo gukaraba, kandi ntibizwi kuruta guhanahana gushyira mu bikorwa kumenya ibyo umukiriya wawe asabwa.
Hariho ibimenyetso bimwe byerekana ko kungurana ibitekerezo byegerejwe abaturage byagize ikibazo cy’ubucuruzi buke ndetse n’isoko ry’isoko. Umushinga 0x, protocole yo kubaka ihererekanyabubasha hamwe no guhinduranya ibintu bigerageza gukemura iki kibazo.

## Ingaruka
Bitewe no kubura inzira ya KYC, kandi ntaburyo bwo guhindura ibikorwa, abakoresha barahomba niba bigeze bibasirwa ijambo ryibanga cyangwa urufunguzo rwihariye.

## Impamyabumenyi zo kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage

Kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi birashobora kugira ibice bikomatanyirijwe hamwe, aho kugenzura kugenzura kuvunja bikiri mu maboko yubuyobozi bukuru. Urugero rugaragara ni IDEX ibuza abakoresha leta ya New York gushyira ibicuruzwa kuri platifomu.

Muri Nyakanga 2018, Bancor yoherezwa mu nzego zegerejwe abaturage ngo yibwe kandi ihomba igihombo cy’amadorari 13.5M mbere yo guhagarika amafaranga. Muri Tweet, Charlie Lee, uwashizeho Litecoin yagize icyo avuga avuga ko kuvunja bidashobora kwegerezwa abaturage niba bishobora gutakaza cyangwa guhagarika amafaranga y’abakiriya.

Abakora ibikorwa byo  kungurana ibitekerezo byegerejwe abaturage barashobora guhura ningaruka zemewe n’ubuyobozi bwa leta. Akarorero kamwe ni uwashinze EtherDelta, mu Gushyingo 2018 yakemuye ibirego muri komisiyo ishinzwe kugurizanya no kugurizanya muri Amerika ku bijyanye no gukora ivunjisha ritanditswe.
Melchior Ndadaye

**Melchior Ndadaye** (n. Murama, 28 Werurwe ya 1953 - Bujumbura, 21 Ukwakira ya [1993]]) yari umunyabwenge na umunyapolitiki Burundian wabaye uwa kane  Perezida wa Repubulika y’Uburundi kuva 10 Nyakanga kuva 1993 kugeza yiciwe ku ya 21 Ukwakira muri uwo mwaka. Yabaye umukuru wa mbere w’ibihugu by’Uburundi ukomoka abahutu, ubwoko bwinshi mu gihugu cye, akaba na perezida wa mbere yatowe mu buryo bwa demokarasi mu matora ataziguye mu amateka y’Uburundi .

Ndadaye yaje ku butegetsi biturutse ku kugwa kwa leta ya gisirikare iyobowe n’amoko mato Abatutsi mu rwego rw’inzibacyuho ya demokarasi yakozwe na Perezida Pierre Buyoya, mu rwego rwo kubuza igihugu kugira a [Ndadaye yatsinze Buyoya, umukandida w’ishyaka rimwe kugeza icyo gihe [Ubumwe bw’iterambere ry’igihugu | UPRONA, mu matora ya 1 Kamena ya 1993 nk'umukandida wa FRODEBU. Ndadaye yagerageje gukora politiki ishyize mu gaciro igamije gushaka entente hagati y’amoko yombi. Icyakora, ntabwo yari ishyigikiwe n’imirenge ikaze abahutu, bakomeje ibikorwa byo guhungabanya umutekano n’inyeshyamba na nyuma ya guverinoma ishingiye kuri demokarasi, kandi na yo yagombaga guhangana n’abatavuga rumwe n’ingabo z’igihugu, ndetse no muri amaboko y'abatutsi, bakekaga ivugurura ryabo.

Nyuma y'amezi atatu gusa Ndadaye yimitswe, ku ya 21 Ukwakira, habaye yagerageje guhirika ubutegetsi, Nadadye asimburwa na François Ngeze nk'umuyobozi ya leta * de facto *. Kuri uwo munsi, perezida yajyanywe ku biro mu kigo cya gisirikare, aho yiciwe amaraso. 

 Nubwo amaherezo ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi ryatsinzwe kandi guverinoma ishingiye ku itegekonshinga ikomeza guhagarara, iyicwa rya Ndadaye ryateje ubukana bwa politiki hagati y’amoko yombi, bitangiza Intambara y'abenegihugu mu Burundi, izakomeza kugeza 2005.
Umurenge wa Gatsibo

**Gatsibo**  ni umurenge umwe mu mirenge 15 iherereye mu karere ka Gatsibo kari mu ntara y'iburasirazuba
Ministry of Infrastructure (Rwanda) - MININFRA

**Minisiteri y'Ibikorwa Remezo** ( **MININFRA** ; Kinyarwanda    ; French    ) ni ishami rya  

Guverinoma y'u Rwanda . Minisiteri ishinzwe politiki y'ibikorwa remezo n'iterambere mu gihugu hose. Claver Gatete ni Minisitiri w’ibikorwa Remezo muri guverinoma ya Rwanda. Mbere yibyo, yakoreye Guverinoma ye mu nzego zitandukanye; Minisitiri w’imari n’igenamigambi mu bukungu (2013-2018); Guverineri wa Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda (2011-2013) na Komiseri Mukuru mu Bwongereza, Irilande na Isilande, (2005 - 2009). 

## Amateka

Minisiteri iyobowe na *Minisitiri w’ibikorwa Remezo* . Kuva imaze gushyirwaho, Abaminisitiri bashyizweho ni: