Kabgayi

**Kabgayi** iri mu majyepfo ya Gitarama mu Karere ka Muhanga, Intara y'Amajyepfo, u Rwanda, km 40 mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bwa Kigali . Yashinzwe nk'ubutumwa bwa Kiliziya Gatolika muri 1905. Yabaye ikigo cya Kiliziya Gatolika ya Roma mu Rwanda kandi niho hari katederali ya kera cyane mu gihugu ndetse na seminari Gatolika, amashuri n'ibitaro. Itorero ryabanje gushyigikira intore ziyobowe n’abatutsi, ariko nyuma zishyigikira ubwiganze bw’Abahutu . Muri jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda1994,

Abatutsi ibihumbi n'ibihumbi bahungiye hano bariciwe. Bamwe mu barokotse bishimira ubutwari bw'abapadiri benshi babafashaga muri iyo minsi itoroshye, nka Padiri Evergiste RUKEBESHA n'abandi benshi. Abahutu bamwe barimo abasenyeri batatu n'abapadiri benshi bishwe n'abigometse ku basirikare ba FPR. Imva rusange iri hafi y'ibitaro irangwa n'urwibutso. Imbere muri Basilika habitswe imirambo y'abepiskopi batatu bishwe n'inyeshyamba za FPR. Babiri muri bo ( Vincent Nsengiyumva, Arkiyepiskopi wa Kigali na Joseph Ruzindana, Umwepiskopi wa Byumba ) banze ko guverinoma y'u Rwanda yimurirwa muri katederali zabo.

## Aho biherereye
Kabgayi aryamye hagati mu kibaya cyo hagati mu Rwanda ku butumburuke bwa m 1,800  hejuru yinyanja. [1] Iherereye mu Mudugudu wa Kamazuru wo mu Kagari ka Gahogo mu Murenge wa Nyamabuye, ni urugendo rw'iminota 5 uvuye mu Muhanga.  Umuganda uri mu majyepfo ya Gitarama, umujyi wa kabiri munini mu Rwanda, hamwe na km 30  kuva Kigali, umurwa mukuru. Ifite ikirere cyoroheje kandi gishyuha. Hariho ibihe bibiri by'imvura. [3] Impuzandengo yimvura yumwaka ni m 1100  . Biteganijwe ko buri mwaka  igera kuri mil 815  . [4] Ubutaka ni umusenyi kandi butarumbuka. [1] Kuva mu 2002, abantu benshi bo mu karere ka Kabgayi bakikije bakoraga ubuhinzi. Imiryango mike ikize niyo yashoboraga gutunga inka. [5]

## Amateka ya mbere

Ubwami bw'u Rwanda mbere yuko ibihugu by'abakoloni b'Abanyaburayi bigera byategekwaga n'intore z'abatutsi zigera kuri 15 % by'abaturage hejuru y'abahinzi b'Abahutu bagera kuri 85 % . Bombi batekereza ko bimukiye ahandi mu gihe cyashize , abatutsi bava iburasirazuba n'abahutu bava mu majyaruguru. Imyumvire ni uko abatutsi bari barebare kandi boroheje mu gihe Abahutu bari bagufi kandi bakomeye. Abatutsi bari batunze inka bafite umuco w'abarwanyi kandi Abahutu bari abahinzi. Amatsinda yombi yasangiye ururimi rumwe, *[[Ikinyarwanda|kinyarwanda]]* . [6] Abahutu bakize bari barashatse mu cyiciro cy’abategetsi b’abatutsi, kandi abatutsi benshi bari abahinzi bakennye badafite inka , ariko haracyariho itandukaniro ry’imibereho ryashyize abatutsi hejuru y’Abahutu mu ntangiriro y’abakoloni . [7]

Ubwa mbere, ubutumwa mu Rwanda bwari munsi ya Vicariyate ya Apostolike yo mu majyepfo ya Victoriya Nyanza, iyobowe na John Joseph Hirth . [8] Kabgayi yashinzwe nk'ubutumwa bw'ubutumwa nyuma yuko Abadage, ingufu z'abakoloni, bahawe uruhushya rutabishaka n'urukiko rw'umwami Musinga w'u Rwanda mu 1904. [9] Abamisiyoneri bakiriye umusozi wa Kabgayi muri Gashyantare 1905. [1] Babonye hegitare 120  z'ubutaka. [10] Batangiye gahunda nini yo kubaka, ubanza amazu hanyuma inyubako z'itorero, bisaba abayitwara, amatafari, abateka, abahinzi n'abandi bakozi . [11] Ibyo basabye ku baturage bo mu karere byateje impagarara mu rukiko. Mu gusubiza, abategetsi b'Abadage bamenyesheje abamisiyonari ko bagomba kubona uruhushya mu Rukiko rwo gushaka abakozi, kandi imbaraga z'abakoloni ntizabafasha muri ibyo . [12]

Ariko , bidatinze ubutumwa bwabaye imbaraga mugihugu. Umwami Musinga, wagize uruhare mu rugamba rw’imbere mu gihugu, yitaye ku gukomeza umubano w’ubucuti n’abamisiyonari, maze mu Kuboza 1906 ababwira ko yifuza ko abantu be bose biga gusenga. [13] Abatutsi bakomeye nabo babonye agaciro mumibanire myiza naba nyiri ubutaka bakomeye . Uruzinduko rwabo rurerure rwabaye ikibazo ku bapadiri, batashoboraga guhora babitaho ubupfura busaba . [14] Muri Nyakanga 1907, ba se batangiye kubaka ishuri i Kabgayi ku bahungu b'abatware b'abatutsi, babonaga ko ari abayobozi karemano b'igihugu. [15] Ba se bashyigikiye umuhinzi w’Abahutu kurwanya umutware w’abatutsi igihe umuhinzi yari mu makosa akurikije amategeko y’igihugu, bakongera bakamagana abategetsi b’Ubudage. [16] Muri rusange, naho, abamisiyoneri i Kabgayi bakurikije politiki ishyigikiye abatutsi. [17]

Itorero ryashinzwe mu Rwanda. Inshingano mu Burundi, zari ziyobowe na Vicariyate ya Apostolike ya Unyanyembe, zifatanije n’u Rwanda gushinga Vicariyate Apostolike ya Kivu . [8] Ku ya 12 Ukuboza 1912, Jean - Joseph Hirth yagizwe Vicar Apostolike wa mbere wa Kivu. [18] Seminari Nto ya Saint Leon yashinzwe i Kabgayi mu 1913 . [19] Bamwe mu banyeshuri ba mbere bari barigishijwe mu butumwa bwa Rubyia i Tanganyika, kandi bashoboraga kuvuga Igilatini cyiza kurusha abapadiri ba kera b'Abanyaburayi. [20] Hirth yashinze icyicaro cye i Kabgayi kandi akorana n'abaseminari b'u Rwanda kugeza igihe yeguye mu 1921. [8] Mu 1916, mu Ntambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose, Ababiligi bigaruriye u Rwanda n'Uburundi. Bakomeje politiki y'Ubudage, harimo no gushyigikira itsinda ry'abategetsi b'Abatutsi. [21]

Kugeza 1921 hari abakristu ibihumbi mirongo itatu muri Vicariate yintumwa ya Kivu. [8] Kabgayi yabaye icyicaro cya Vicariyate ya Apostolike ya Ruanda igihe yashingwa muri Mata 1922, itandukanijwe na Vicariyate ya Apostolike ya Urundi . [22] Mu 1928 , Alexis Kagame yinjiye mu iseminari nto ya Kabgayi. Yagombaga kuba umuyobozi mukuru wubwenge, umwanditsi ninzobere kumigenzo numuco byu Rwanda. [23] Mu 1932, icapiro rya mbere mu Rwanda ryashyizwe i Kabgayi. Ikinyamakuru cya mbere cya *Kiny* , cyatangiye kugaragara mu 1933. [24] Itumanaho ryateye imbere buhoro buhoro. Mu 1938 hafunguwe inzira ihuza Kabgayi na Rubengera iburengerazuba. [25]

## Nyuma y'intambara

Mu gusubiza inyuma ko bashyigikiye abatutsi, kiliziya gatolika yasubiye inyuma y’abanyagihugu b’Abahutu. Mu ibaruwa ye y’abashumba yo ku ya 11 Gashyantare 1959, Umwepiskopi wa Kabgayi, André Perraudin, yanditse igice ati: " Mu Rwanda rwacu, itandukaniro n’ubusumbane bw’imibereho bifitanye isano ahanini no gutandukanya amoko, mu buryo bw'uko ubutunzi ku ruhande rumwe; ku rundi ruhande, ingufu za politiki ndetse n'ubucamanza, ku rugero runini mu maboko y'abantu bo mu bwoko bumwe . " [29] Aya magambo yashakaga kuvuga ko Kiliziya Gatolika yo mu Rwanda yashyigikiye ibyo Abahutu bavuga . [30] Bashobora kuba barabonaga ko ari uburyo bwo gutsindishirizwa mu myifatire y’ubwicanyi bwa mbere bw’abatutsi bwakurikiye mu karere ka Kabgayi nyuma yuwo mwaka. [31] Mu 1959 , icapiro ry’itorero i Kabgayi ryanakoreshejwe mu gukora udutabo dusaba Abahutu gukoresha ihohoterwa rikorerwa Abatutsi . [32]

Ku ya 1 Ugushyingo 1959, umuyobozi mukuru w’Abahutu , Dominique Mbonyumutwa, yagabweho igitero n’agatsiko k’abasore b’abatutsi hafi y’ubutumwa bwa Kabgayi. Yaratorotse, ariko ibihuha bivuga ko yapfuye byakwirakwiriye vuba. Bukeye, itsinda ry’Abahutu ryibasiye abanyacyubahiro bane b’abatutsi mu butegetsi bw’abaturanyi bwa Ndiza, maze mu minsi yakurikiye ihohoterwa ryibasiye abatutsi rikwira mu Rwanda . [33] Mu gihe cy'imyaka ine yakurikiyeho, abatutsi benshi bahungiye mu bihugu duturanye. [34] Inama ya kabiri ya Vatikani ( 1962–1965 ), yibanda ku gufasha abakene, yagize uruhare mu gutera inkunga Abahutu na Kiliziya Gatolika, nubwo benshi mu batutsi bari bakennye kimwe. [35]

Ku ya 28 Mutarama 1961, Kongere y’igihugu y’u Rwanda yatangaje ubwigenge. [36] Iri tangazo ry’umutwe wiganjemo Abahutu ryatangarijwe i Gitarama, mu majyaruguru ya Kabgayi. [37] Igihugu cyigenga cyu Bubiligi ku ya 1 Nyakanga 1962 . [38] Perezida wa mbere w’igihugu, Grégoire Kayibanda, yari yarize mu iseminari ya Kabgayi, kimwe n’abandi bayobozi benshi b’Abahutu. [35] Kayibanda yari umunyamabanga wa Arkiyepiskopi Perraudin i Kabgayi. [39] Muri 1973, i Kabgayi habaye ubwicanyi bwibasiye abapadiri ba Josephite . Arkiyepiskopi Perraudin na Perezida Kayibanda bombi bari bahari, ariko banga kugira icyo bakora . [40]

Muri Mata 1976, Kabgayi abaye icyicaro cya Diyosezi ya Kabgayi nyuma yuko abandi babonye batandukanijwe nayo. [22] Papa Yohani Pawulo wa II yasuye Kagbayi muri Nzeri 1990. Yavuze ku cyuho kiri hagati y’abahinzi bakennye bo mu Rwanda n’intore zo mu mijyi, anasaba ko serivisi za Leta zingana ndetse no kuguriza abaturage bo mu cyaro. [41] Itorero ryakoranye na guverinoma. Vincent Nsengiyumva, Arkiyepiskopi wa Kigali, yabaye umwe mu bagize komite nkuru y’ishyaka riri ku butegetsi rya Hutu MRND. [42] [43] Abayobozi b'amatorero bake banze gutegekwa n'Abahutu birenze . Mu 1991, Umwepiskopi wa Kabgayi, Thaddée Nsengiyumva, yasohoye ibaruwa y’abashumba yanenze cyane ikoreshwa ry’ubwicanyi bwa politiki ndetse no kudashishikazwa n’ubwiyunge hagati y’amoko. [44]

Abahezanguni b'Abahutu bafashe ubutegetsi muri Mata 1994, batangira gahunda ihamye yo kwica abatutsi n'Abahutu bashyira mu gaciro . [34] Impunzi z'abatutsi zavuye muri ubwo bwicanyi zatangiye kugera i Kabgayi hagati muri Mata, aho babaga ahantu huzuye abantu bafite ibiryo cyangwa amazi make, benshi barwaye malariya cyangwa dysentery. Buri munsi, abasirikari n'abasirikare bitoranyaga abasore kugira ngo bicwe. [45] Mu mpera za Gicurasi i Kabgayi hari impunzi zigera ku 38.000. [46] Muri iki gihe Kabgayi yiswe " inkambi y'urupfu ", impunzi zikaba zitishoboye kurwanya gufata ku ngufu n'ubwicanyi bitwaje intwaro. [47]

ishyaka FPR - Inkotanyi (FPR), rwari rwarashizweho n’abatutsi bari mu buhungiro muri Uganda, rwarwanyije maze rutangira kwigarurira igihugu. [34] Itsinda ry’abepiskopi bo mu Rwanda bajuririye Papa Yohani Pawulo wa II bamusaba ko ikigo cy’idini cya Kabgayi cyagira akarere kidafite aho kibogamiye, maze Papa atanga ubujurire ku Muryango w’abibumbye. Abepiskopi bavuze ko ingabo ziyobowe n’Abahutu zikomeje gutanga uburinzi, ariko niba ingabo zarahatiwe gusubira mu ngabo za RPC zigenda zerekeza i Kabgayi, ntibashoboraga kurinda impunzi imitwe yitwara gisirikare y’Abahutu. Indorerezi z'umuryango w'abibumbye zoherejwe i Kabgayi nta kimenyetso cyerekana ubwicanyi, ariko zivuga ko izo mpunzi zatewe ubwoba . [46]
]
Ubujurire bwatinze. Ingabo za guverinoma hamwe n’abasirikare b’intagondwa z’Abahutu bakomeje ubwicanyi bukabije mbere yo guhunga FPR, yigaruriye Kabgayi ku ya 2 Kamena 1994. [49] Raporo za mbere z'abayobozi b'amadini zavuze ko abantu bake ugereranije bapfuye - ahari 1.500 kuri 30.000. [50] Icyakora, raporo yo muri Gashyantare 2009 yakozwe n'abacamanza b'urukiko rwa Gacaca cumi n'umunani yavuze ko byibuze impunzi 64.000 zishwe. Benshi mu bahohotewe bashyinguwe ari bazima. Abakozi ba Croix-Rouge n'abayobozi b'amadini bavuga ko bagize uruhare muri ubwo bwicanyi. [48] [51] 

FPR imaze gufata ubutegetsi, ku ya 5 Kamena 1994, Arkiyepiskopi Vincent Nsengiyumva, Abepiskopi Thaddée Nsengiyumva na Joseph Ruzindana, n'abandi bapadiri icumi biciwe i Gakurazo, mu majyepfo ya Kabgayi . [55] [56] Bavuga ko abicanyi bari abasirikare b'abatutsi babarindaga. FPR yavuze ko abo basirikare batekerezaga ko abapadiri bagize uruhare mu iyicwa ry’abatutsi mbere. Papa yababajwe n'ubwo bwicanyi. [57] Padiri n'umunyamakuru André Sibomana yavuze ko nyuma FPR yishe " amagana " y'abahinzi i Kabgayi ku ya 19 Kamena 1994. [27]

Nyuma y'ubwicanyi bwo muri 1994, diyosezi ya Kabgayi na Byumba, ifashijwe na serivisi ishinzwe ubutabazi gatolika hanyuma ikorwa na Biro ishinzwe abaturage, impunzi n'abinjira muri Amerika, batangira gutegura igiterane cyo gufasha urubyiruko kumva ibyabaye, impamvu n'uburyo bwo gukumira ibyo bikorwa. gusubiramo. [58] Gahunda zakinguwe kuri bose. 30 % by'urubyiruko rwo mu bigo bitatu by’ibizamini bya Kabgayi ntabwo bari abagatolika b'Abaroma. [59]

## Inzego

Uyu munsi Kabgayi akomeje kuba muri Cathedrale Basilika y’imyumvire idahwitse ( Beatae Immaculatae Virgini s ), inyubako nini itukura yubatswe mu 1923. [48] Umuhango wo kwiyegurira Imana muri Mata 1923 witabiriwe n'abayobozi benshi b'abakoloni ndetse n'Umwami Musinga, ukurura imbaga nyamwinshi y'abaturage. [60] Abategetsi b'Abakoloni b'Ababiligi na bo bakoze Kabgayi aho ibitaro ndetse n'amashuri atoza ababyaza, icapiro, ababaji n'abacuzi n'ubundi bucuruzi. Hano hari inzu ndangamurage ntoya yerekana ibihangano kuva mubihe bitandukanye. [48] Kabgayi kandi niho Seminari Nkuru y’igihugu ihuriweho na Diyosezi ya Kabgayi ( Umuzenguruko wa Filozofiya ), [62] [63] [61] ba Mutagatifu André, [64] Kugeza mu 2013 ibitaro by'akarere ka Kabgayi byari bifite ikibazo cyo kubura abakozi, bigatuma umurongo munini w'abarwayi. [65]

## Ikarita
 

## Reba
**Inyandiko**

**Imirongo**

**Inkomoko**