Ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry’abafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe n’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe-NADD

**Ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry’abafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe n’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe (Mu [[icyongereza]]: The National Association for the Dually Diagnosed (NADD)** rigizwe n'abantu ku giti cyabo, imiryango, hamwe n'inzobere zunganira zigamije kuzamura imyumvire no kuvura abantu bahura n’isuzuma ry’ubwenge / iterambere ry’indwara **(Mu [[icyongereza]]: intellectual/developmental diagnoses-IDD)** n’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe cyangwa uburwayi bwo mu mutwe **(Mu [[icyongereza]]: mental health conditions or mental illness-MI)**.

## Amateka
NADD yashinzwe na Dr. Robert J Fletcher mu 1983 mu rwego rwo gusubiza ko hakenewe ihuriro ryigisha umuryango w’umwuga ibijyanye n’ukuri n’ibikenewe bidasanzwe by’abafite uburwayi bubiri ndetse no gukemura ikibazo cy’ubushakashatsi, amakuru, ndetse no kubona serivisi nziza kubantu bahura nubumuga bwubwenge / iterambere hamwe nibibazo byubuzima.

### Inzira

Mu binyejana byashize, ababana n'ubumuga baratandukanijwe, bashyirwaho mu nzego, kandi bihishwa mu “buhungiro,” muri gereza, “amazu akennye,” n'ibigo binini. Ahantu hatandukanijwe hamwe ninzego, uburyo budahwitse bwo kwita kubantu byatumye habaho ihohoterwa, kutitabwaho, ubucucike bwinshi, hamwe n’ibidukikije bidafite isuku.

Guhera mu myaka ya za 1960, ihohoterwa ryahuye n’abantu batuye mu nzego ryamenyekanye kandi disikuru zerekana ihohoterwa zashyizwe ahagaragara. Geraldo Rivera yashyize ahagaragara ku buryo bugaragara ikigo cya Leta cya Willowbrook i New York mu 1973, cyari kimwe mu byagize uruhare mu kuvugurura amategeko na serivisi - kimwe mu byabanje kuba uburenganzira bw'ikiremwamuntu bw'amategeko agenga abantu (CRIPA) yo mu 1980 bwarengaga uburenganzira bw'abantu mu bigo ngororamuco. , amazu yita ku bageze mu za bukuru, ibigo nderabuzima byo mu mutwe, n’ibigo by’abantu bafite IDD.

Mu myaka ya za 1980, imbaraga zariyongereye mu rwego rwo kumenya no kwemeza ibyo abantu bakeneye bahura nazo hamwe n’indwara zo mu mutwe. Mu 1982, umuhanga mu by'imitekerereze ya muntu witwa Steven Reiss yahimbye bwa mbere ijambo igicucu cyo kwisuzumisha - igitekerezo kivuga ko ibyifuzo byo mu mutwe by’abafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe akenshi byagabanutse cyangwa birukanwa mu rwego rw’ubumuga bwabo.

Mu 1984, NADD yerekanye inama ya mbere yabereye i Suffern, NY abantu 400. Mu 1993, inama ya mbere mpuzamahanga ya NADD yabereye i Boston. Inama zikorwa buri mwaka kuva ayo nama ya mbere, kandi inama za NADD zahindutse inzu yumwuga kuri benshi.

Mu myaka ya za 90, abantu bafite uburwayi bubiri baracyacecekeshejwe muri sisitemu yubuzima bwo mu mutwe cyangwa sisitemu ya IDD. Sisitemu yakoraga ibangikanye, ariko iratandukanye. NADD yongereye imbaraga mu kwigisha abahanga mu buzima bwo mu mutwe ndetse n’inzobere mu IDD bakeneye ko abantu bose begera.

Mu 1997, NADD Press yashinzwe hagamijwe kubyara no gukwirakwiza ubushakashatsi buhanitse muri uru rwego rwubushakashatsi. Muri uwo mwaka, Dr. Fletcher yatangiye gukorana n’inzobere n’inganda n’ubuvuzi kuri DM-ID (Diagnostic Manual-Intellectual Disability), igitabo cyo gukoresha ku bufatanye na DSM (Igitabo gikubiyemo imibare) kugira ngo hasuzumwe neza kandi gikemure ibibazo mugupima abantu bafite IDD. DM-ID yasohotse mu 2007, ubu iri mu nshuro yayo ya kabiri DM-ID-2.

Mu 2007, NADD yatangiye gukorana ku bufatanye na NASDDDS (Ishyirahamwe ry’igihugu ry’abayobozi bashinzwe ubumuga bw’iterambere rya Leta) kuri gahunda yo kwemerera no gutanga ibyemezo muri IDD / MI Dual Diagnose Uburyo bwiza. Imbaraga zo guteza imbere aya mahitamo yemewe kubanyamwuga yatewe no gutanga igitekerezo cyo gutanga amahame yo gushyigikira no kuzamura umurongo wumwuga w'abakorana nabantu bahura nibi bisuzumabumenyi.

### Uyu munsi
Ubu NADD ifatwa nk'umuyobozi mu burezi, mu nama, no mu mahugurwa ajyanye no gusuzuma indwara ya IDD / MI. NADD igira ingaruka kuri politiki kurwego rwigihugu, leta, ninzego z'ibanze biganisha ku baturage benshi, bavura abantu bose bakeneye ubuzima bwo mu mutwe bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe. NADD ikomeje kwakira inama ngarukamwaka, gutangaza ubushakashatsi bugezweho, no gufata abanyamwuga kurwego rwo hejuru rwinkunga.

Binyuze mu mpano zitangwa n’abaterankunga n’abanyamuryango, NADD ibasha gutanga umuyoboro wo gukomeza guteza imbere ubushakashatsi n’inkunga nziza ku bantu bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe / iterambere ndetse n’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe.

## Inshingano
Gutezimbere ubuyobozi mu kwagura ubumenyi, amahugurwa, politiki, no kunganira ibikorwa byubuzima bwo mu mutwe biteza imbere ubuzima bwiza kubantu bafite uburwayi bubiri (IDD / MI) aho batuye.