open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Uko Wafata Neza Ihene

**Ubworozi bw'ihene** ni imwe mu minshinga Leta y'u Rwanda uri gukoresha ngo igabanye ubucyene no kwihaza mu birirwa no kongera ifumbire y'imborera ikoreshwa mu mirima.

## IGABURO
Ihene zitungwa n’ibyatsi bisanzwe Setariya, tribusakumu, urubingo, n’ibisigazwa by’ibikomoka ku buhinzi. Zishobora kurya imvange y’ifu iyo umworozi ashobora kuyibona, ibyo bituma icutsa vuba, ibyara kenshi kandi abana bagakura neza. **Dore uko batanga imvange y’ifu**:

* Ihene yonsa n’abana bayo zihabwa gr 300 cyangwa 400, 
* Ihene zicutse zihabwa gr 50 kugera ku 100, 
* isekurume yimya ihabwa gr 300.

## UMUSARURO

* Isekurume ikuze ishobora gupina ibiro 40, 
* inyagazi igapima kg 30 (ihene za kinyarwanda),
* iyo ihene ibazwe itanga inyama zingana na 48% by’ibiro byayo ari nzima, kandi ihene 3 zororewe mu kiraro kimwe zishobora gutanga toni 3 z’ifumbire buri mwaka.

## INDWARA Z'IHENE

**Inzoka zo munda**: iyi ndwara ifata ihene nkuru n’intoya igaragazwa no kudakura neza, kuruka , kunanuka, guhinduriza ubwoya no gukorora. Iyi ndwara irwanywa hakoreshejwe kugira isuku n’imiti y’inzoka igihe cyose iyi ndwara yagaragaye.

**Ibinwanwa** (Ibimwete): Iyi ndwara nayo ifata ihene nkuru n’intoya igaragazwa no kugira umuriro mwinshi 41oc, urukoko ku mu nwa, ibimwete mu kanywa bishobora gutuma amara abyimba bikazana n’ingorane mu guhumeka.

**Ruhaha**: Iyi ndwara nayo ifata ihene ntoya n’inkuru igaragazwa no kugira umuriro mwinshi 41oc, gupfuna ibimyira bivanze n’amashyira, guhumeka nabi, guhirita, kutabasha kugenda, umutima ugatera cyane.

## Reba
Ubworozi bw'inkwavu

**Urukwavu** ni itungo rigufi ryororoka cyane kandi vuba, ntirucuranwa n’abantu ibiryo kuko rushobora gutungwa n’ibyatsi, byaba bibisi cyangwa byumye. Ubworozi bw’inkwavu bya kijyambere bworoshye kubukora ndetse buba bwiza cyane kubafite amikoro make n’intege nke.Ubworozi bw’inkwavu bufite agaciro mu mibereho y’abanyarwanda kuko butanga umusaruro uhagije mu gihe gito kandi muburyo bworoshye:

* tibutwara amafaranga menshi kandi imirimo yabwo ntivunanye
* Inyama z’urukwavu zikungahaye ku ntungamubiri
* nkwavu zitanga ifumbire nziza kandi nyinshi
* Inkwavu ntizororerwa ahantu hanini 

Ubworozi bw’inkwavu bugoboka vuba ababwitabira kuko bubyara amafaranga vuba kandi n’isoko rikaba riboneka.

## Amoko y’inkwavu aboneka mu Rwanda
Mu Rwanda hari amoko atandukanye yínkwavu,itandukaniro rigaragarira ku mabara,ku musaruro no ku biro urunkwavu rupima. Inkwavu zigaragara mu Rwanda ni izi zikurikira:

### Newo Zelande

* Ni urukwavu rufite ubwoya bwera kumubiri hose
* Urwo rukwavu iyo rukuze rupima hagati y’ibiro 4 na 4,5.
* Rurororoka,rubyara hagati y’abana 6-7 rugacutsa 6
* Rugira amaso yiganjemo ibara ritukura

### Kaliforuniya

* Urukwavu rw’umweru rugira amabara y’umukara ku matwi, ku maguru, ku murizo no ku munwa
* Rubyara abana bazima hagati ya 7-8 rugacutsa 7
* Urukwavu rw’ubu bwoko rukuze rushobora gupima ibiro 3,6

### Inyarwanda

Ubwoko nyarwanda bugira amabara atandukanye ntibukunze kurenza ibiro 3 ariko bushoboye kurwanya irwara.

## REBA
Ikigega mpuzamahanga cyo guteza imbere ubuhinzi

Ikigega mpuzamahanga gishinzwe guteza imbere ubuhinzi (mu icyongereza: International Fund for Agriculture development "IFAD) ni ikigo mpuzamahanga k’imari n’ikigo kihariye cy’umuryango w’abibumbye kigamije guca ubukene n’inzara mu cyaro k’ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere ubu Kikaba kiyobowe na Dr. Alvaro Lario.

## Indanganturo
Imyororokere y'Inkwavu

Ubworozi bw'Inkwavu zororerwa mu kiraro cyubatse neza  gifite isuku kandi zikagaburirwa mu buryo bukwiye kugirango zirusheho gutanga umusaruro.

## Kubaka ikiraro

* Akazu inkwavu zibamo kagomba kuba nibura kicaye kuri cm 75 uvuye kubutaka.
* uburebure: m1
* Ubugari; cm 75
* Ubuhagarike; cm 55
* Agasanduku kagomba kuba gafite:ibipimo bikurikira

## Inzu inkwavu zibamo
Inzu igomba kuba nini ikurikije umubare w’inkwavu zibamo:

* rukwavu rumwe rukuru rugomba kuba nibura mu mwanya uri hagati ya metero kare 0,6-0,7
* Urukwavu rucutse  ruba mu mwanya nibura wa meterokare 0,1

Akazu gato cyane gatuma inkwavu zidindira ntizikure neza,kandi ntizigire ubuzima bwiza

* Inzu y’inkwavu igomba kujyamo umwuka, ariko ikaba ikingiye neza umuyaga
* Inkwavu zigomba kubona urumuri,kubura urumuri bituma inkwavu zanga kubangurira cyangwa kubangurirwa zikagabanya uburumbuke bwazo.
* Kugirango urumuri rwinjire mu kiraro, urugi rugomba kuba rukonzwe mu mukwege (akayungiro).

rukwavu ni itungo rigomba ituze kugirango rwororoke kandi rugire ubuzima bwiza. Ibibuza inkwavu amahoro cyane cyane ni: urusaku rukabije ,ibisimba cyangwa amatungo azirya(imbwa, imbeba)

## ISUKU

* Isuku ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo ubworozi bw’inkwavu bugire akamaro.
* Urukwavu kurerwa n’imiti.
* Umworozi agomba kurukingira mbere yuko rurwara.
* Akazu k’urukwavu kagomba iteka guhorana isuku.
* Isuku mu kazu ikingira indwara nyinshi nko guhitwa ibitukura n’ubuheri biterwa n’umwanda.

Akazu kagomba gusukurwa bihagije hagomba rero:

* Ibyo bubakisha akazu bigomba guterwa umuti;
* Kwirinda inguni zishobora guhisha ibyuririzi(udusimba)
* Mu kazu hasi hagomba gutuma amahurunguru n’inkari binyuramo, ni ukuvuga kuba arumukwege ,cyangwa ibiti bitegeranye hagati yabyo harimo cm 1,5
* Icyo ziriramo ibyatsi zitabyanduza.
* Icyo ziriramo n’icyo zinyweramo byozwa buri munsi,
* Urugi runini rutuma basukura neza hose.

**Icyo ziriramo :** Gishobora kuba agakombe umworozi akagafatisha k’urukuta rw’akazu kugirango urukwavu rutayamena.

**Kugaburira inkwavu**

Kugira ngo ikinyabuzima gikure, kigire ubuzima, cyororoke, kigire icyo gitanga kandi kirwanye irwara, gikenera amazi n’ibiribwa

**Bimwe mu by’ingenzi urukwavu rurya**

* **Ibyatsi** nka:kimari,inyabarasanya,amasununu,igifuraninda,imigozi y’ibijumba, igicumucumu, urwiri, setaria, tripsacum, urubingo
* **Ibibabi by’ibinyamisongwe:** ubunyobwa,soya,ibishyimbo,amashaza, mucuna,desmodium
* **Ibyatsi byumye:** ibibabi by’ibigori, iby’ingano, ubwatsi bwumye, ibishishwaby’amashaza n’ibyibishyimbo
* **Amakoma acagaguye**
* Ibibabi by’amashu,karoti
* Ibisigazwa byo mu gikoni ariko ukareba neza ko nta macupa yamenekeyemo cyangwa ikindi cya komeretsa   urukwavu mu kanwa. Ibyo bisigazwa bigomba kuba bifite isuku kandi bitarahuguta.

Kimwe  n’abantu urukwavu rukeneye guhindurirwa indyo kugira ngo rukure neza. Ni byiza kongeraho kubwatsi inkwavu zirya  son de riz,ibinyabijumba,impeke (bibashije kuboneka) umuceri utetse wasigaye;

Urukwavu rukoresha neza ibyatsi ariko kandi na none ruha agaciro ibiribwa bikize mu bitunga umubiri.

## REBA
Umusaruro w'ubworozi Bw'inkwavu

Ubworozi bw'inkwavu bufasha Umworozi ushaka kunguka cyane (kubona abana benshi kandi bakura vuba) mu bworozi bwe, ashobora kugura cyangwa ubwe akikorera imvange y’ibiribwa bikize kubitunga umubiri  ahereye kubyo agura cyangwa yihingira.

Muriyo mvange hagomba kuba harimo :

* Ibiribwa bitera imbaraga
* Ibyubaka umubiri
* Za vitamine z’imyunyu

## '''''Dore ingero z’imvange nziza zitaruhije gukora umworozi yakwifashisha''':''

#

Ibigori bisekuye       :Ibiro 3,5

Amasaka asekuye    :ibiro 3,5

Turto (ubunyobwa cyangwa ibihoke): ibiro 3

Umunyu ishwagara,ifu y’amagufa  :garama 300

2. 

Ibigori bisekuye       :ibiro 4

Igiheri cy’umuceri   :ibiro 4

Soya ikaranze           :ibiro 2

Umunyu ishwagara :garama 300

Izi ngero tumaze kubona, umworozi azikoresha ashaka ibiro 10 by’imvange y’ibiribwa bikize ku bitunga umubiri.

Imvange y’ibiryo igaburirwa bitewe n’icyiciro urukwavu rurimo*.*

* Inkwavu zikiri nto zikenera kugaburirwa indyo ikungahaye ku byubaka umubiri (soya,ubunyobwa)
* Urukwavu rukuze rukenera cyane indyo ikungahaye ku bitera imbaraga (ibigori)

## '''''Kugirango umworozi agaburire neza inkwavu ze agomba:'''''

* **Kuziha ibyatsi byinshi binyuranye,** iyo bivanze bituma inkwavu zirya cyane
* Kugirango inkwavu zororoke cyane,urukwavu rukenera kugaburirwa imvange
* **Kuziha ibyatsi bitemye byumutse**. Umworozi abyanika igihe gito kugira ngo byumuke kuko iyo bitose cyangwa byarahuguse, bishobora gutuma inkwavu zimererwa nabi,igifi nti gikore neza. Iyo abyanika umworozi abishyira mu gicucu amaze kubisanza ahantu humutse.
* **Kuziha ibyatsi byishyi:** inshuro 2 cyangwa 3 mu munsi kandi mu masaha amwe buri gihe.
* **Kwitondera ibyo agaburira inkwavu:**ibyatsi bimwe byica inkwavu: ikibonobono, umukoni, umutambashi, umuyenzi, akaziranyo, inkarabwe, umwishywa….
* Guha inkwavu cyane cyane izonsa iteka amazi meza kand afutse.

## Imyororokere y’inkwavu

* Muri rusange urukwavu rubangurirwa ubwa mbere rufite amezi 5
* Imfizi itangira kwimya ifite amezi 6
* Urukwavu rwotsa ukwezi mu bworozi bwa kijyambere,naho mu miryango isanzwe rukonsa amezi 2;
* rukwavu ruhaka ukwezi kumwe
* Urukwavu rwongera kubangurinzwa nyuma yamezi atatu.

## Reba
Uko watoranya Urunkwavu rwiza

Ubworozi bw'inkwavu cyangwa inkwavu zishobora  kurenza icyo gihe cyo kubaho ,bitewe n’impamvu zitandukanye z’umworozi, nko kuba zaratoranyijwe kuzaba nk’ibyeyi, cyangwa se zikaba zitabonerwa isoko ngo zigurishwe buri rukwavu rushyirwa ukwarwo iyo aramasekurume zigakonwa kugirango zikomeze zororwe hamwe n’amashashi.

## Ibigenderwaho mu gutoranya imbyeyi zizakomeza mu bworozi

* Kwipfura kurinda abana barwo neza no kubarwanaho ;
* Kubyara abana bazima benshi;
* Gucutsa abana bazima bafite ibiro bishimishije;
* Kutagira amahane

Gutoranya imfizi: Imfizi igurwa ahandi mu zindi nkwavu kugirango hatazavuka ikibazo cy’amacugane 

### Kumenya umubare w’inkwavu zorowe

* Kwambika urukwavu amaherena biba ngobwa
* Aborozi basazwe bakoresha impapuro zigaragaza ubuzima n’imyororokereya buri nyagazi cyangwa se buri mfizi iri muri burikiraro kugirango hamenyekane neza umubare w’inkwavu ziri muri buri kiraro.
* Ibyo byandikwa kw’ifishi ikamanikwa kuri buri kiraro cyangwa se iyo fishi ikabikwa niba hari ikibazo cyo kunyagirwa hanze cyangwa se kwangirika ,icyo gihe buri kiraro bishyirwaho inomero.

### Ibigomba kwandikwa kwifishi nibi bikurikira:

* nkomoko (inkwavu rwakomotseho)
* Ubwoko bw’urukwavu
* Igihe rwavukiye
* Igitsina
* Inumero iruranga
* Umubare w’inkwavu zororewe mu kiraro
* Inshuro rumaze kubyara niba ari inyagazi

Amashashi azasimbura inyagazi zishaje atoranywa mu gihe cyo gucutsa niyo mpamvu biba ngombwa gukoresha ifishi izafasha muri iryo robanura.

### Ubuzima bw’urukwavu
Kimwe no mu bundi bworozi urukwavu rukenera ubuzima buzira umuze kugirango rurusheho gutanga umusaruro uhagije.

*Urukwavu rufite ubuzima bwiza ruba rugaragaza ibimenyetso bikurikira:*

* Ijisho rikerebutse n’urwoya yuryamye kandi ruyaga;
* Amatwi ahagaze ntagihushi kiriho;
* Rutagaragaza akamyira ku mazuru;
* Amaboko n’inda y’amase bifite isuku

## Reba
Imirire y'ingurube

Ubworozi bw'ingurube bugomba kugendana n'imibereho yazo ya buri munsi ni ukuvuga ibyo zirya nibyo zinywa.

## [[Ubworozi bw'Ingurube]]

## Imirire y’ingurube
Ubwatsi bugaburirwa ingurube bugomba kuba bworoshye, bukiri butoto; indyo igomba kuba ifite intungamubiri zose za ngombwa ingurube ikenera.

Indyo igomba kuba iseye cyangwa ikasemo uduce duto duto kuko amenyo y’ingurube aba atarakomera kugeza ku mezi atatu. Muri rusange, igifu cy’ingurube kiroroshye ntabwo gikomeye nk’icy’inka, ihene cyangwa intama. Iyo ndyo igomba kuba ikungahaye ku munyu wa fosifore na kalisiyumu, kugira ngo amagufa y’ingurube akomere.

Amoko atandukanye y’ibiryo bigaburirwa ingurube.

### Ibiryo bisanzwe bigaburirwa ingurube ariko bidatuma zikura vuba
1. Ibisigazwa byo mu gikoni:

2. Ubwatsi: amakoma cyangwa insina; birazikomerera ariko ingurube zirabyihanganira iyo zongerewe ibindi biryo.

– Ibinyampeke: ibigorigori, tiribusakumu (tripsacum laxum), setariya, penisetumu (pennisetum), ariko bitangwa bikiri bitoto ni ukuvuga bitararaba.

– Ibinyamisogwe: desimodiyumu (desmodium), Mukuna, sitilozantese (stylosantes), kaliyandara (caliandra), luzerine (luzerne), n’ibindi birakenerwa cyane kuko bitanga inyubakamubiri ( protéines) zituma ingurube zikura vuba.

3. Ibisigazwa byo mu nganda zitunganya ibikomoka ku buhinzi: ibisigazwa by’ingano n’iby’ibigori, ariko kubera ko bikomera cyane, bikoreshwa inshuro nke, bivangwa mu biryo ku rugero rwa 1/3.

### Ibiryo bifite intungamubiri zuzuye
Ibinyampeke: ibigori , umuceri…;

* Ibinyamisogwe: amasaka, soya, ibishyimbo, amashaza…;
* Ibinyabijumba: ibijumba, ibirayi, imyumbati, ibisheke…;
* Ibisigazwa mu bihingwa: ibisigazwa by’ipamba, iby’ubunyobwa, melase (Mellasse)…;
* Ifu y’inyama, y’amaraso, y’amagufa, y’amafi…;
* Intungamubiri…

Ibigize iyo ndyo muri rusange :

* Ibitanga ingufu ni 70%
* Ibyubaka umubiri 15%
* Ibitanga vitamini n’ibikomeza amagufa ni 2%.

Hashobora gukoreshwa ishwagara n’amagufa n’ibishishwa by’amagi bimaze gutwikwa kandi biseye, cyane ku bibwana. Iyo ifu y’amaraso n’amafi bibuze, hakoreshwa ibyatsi bikungahaye mu ntungamubiri. Ni yo mpamvu gutera uduti nka Kaliyandara (Calliandra calothyrsus), Sesibaniya (Sesbania), lesena (Leucaena leucocephala) mu murima bigira akamaro.

Ibishishwa by’imyumbati, by’ibijumba bigomba guhabwa ingurube bitetse.

Kuva ingurube igejeje ku biro 70 igipimo cy’ibiryo ntikigomba kurenza ibiro 2,4 kugira ngo idakomeza kwiyongera ibinure.

## Reba
Inkoko Zitera Amagi

Ubworozi bw'inkoko zitera amagi nibyo tugiye kurebera hamwe muburyo burambuye.
 

## [[Ubworozi bw’inkoko]]

## Ubworozi bw’Inkoko zitera amagi

### Aho ziba
Inkoko zigomba kuba ahantu zisanzuye kandi hari urumuri n’umwuka bihagije.

•       Dore umwanya bateganya uko ugomba kuba ungana :

•       1m² ku mishwi 20 (umunsi umwe kugeza ku minsi 30);

•       1m²  ku bigwana 10 (ukwezi  kugeza  ku mezi 5);

•      1m² ku nkokokazi5   zitera ;

•       inkoko zigomba kugira urugo rwo gutemberamo ku zuba. Urwo rugo rugomba kuba ruzitiye kugira ngo zitajya hanze yarwo. 

### Kororoka
Inkokokazi itangira gutera imaze amezi 5,5 ivutse ;

•       Irarira iminsi 21 ;

•       Inkokokazi ishobora gutera idafite isake, ariko igatera  amahuri ;

•       Isake imwe irahagije ku nkokokazi 10 kugira ngo zitere amagi atari amahuri;

Inkokokazi imaze umwaka itera igomba kuvanwa mu bworozi.

### Igaburo

* Kugira ngo inkoko zikure neza kandi zitange amagi menshi, zigomba kugaburirwa neza;
* Ku bashoboye kubona imvange, dore uko bagomba kuyitanga     kuri buri nkoko, ku munsi:

-    Icyumweru cya 1 ivutse: gr 15

-    Icyumweru cya 8: gr 50

-    Icyumweru cya 20: gr 100

-    Icyumweru cya 22: gr 120

-    Inkoko itera: gr 130

### Umusaruro
•    Inkoko yo mu bwoko bwa RIR (Rhode Island Red) ishobora gutera ku mwaka amagi 220 iyo yafashwe neza. Ni ukuvuga umusaruro w’amagi wa 60% ;

•    Inkoko yo mu bwoko Derco, iyo ifashwe neza ishobora gutera amagi 250 ku mwaka. Ni ukuvuga umusaruro wa 69% ku mwaka    ;

•    Hari ubundi bwoko bushobora gutera amagi 300 ku mwaka, aha twavuga nka Warren ;

•    Inkoko isanzwe ya kinyarwanda ishobora gutera amagi 60 kugeza kuri 90 ku mwaka. Mu bwoko bwa kinyarwanda, hagenda habamo zimwe ziba nziza kuruta izindi.

NB: Izi ngero zishobora guhinduka cyane bitewe n’akarere inkoko zirimo ndetse n’ubwoko bw’inkoko IBIRYO BIKENEWE KU NKOKO Z’INYAMA.

## '''Ibyiciro by’inkoko zitera amajyi'''

* **Imishwi y’inko z’amagi** 

igomba gushyirwa ahantu hashyushye (ushobora gukoresha imbabura, cyangwa se amashanyarazi).  Ubushyuhe bukenewe ku nkoko z’inyama ni nabwo bukenewe ku nkoko z’amagi. 

* **Ibigwana by’inkoko z’amagi**

Ni ukuva ku cyumweru cya cyenda kugeza ku cyumweru cya 20. Ni muri kiriya gihe inkoko zigomba gukurikiranwa, hagakorwa inking zose zabugenewe, isuku ikitabwaho ibiryo n’amazi nabyo bikaba bihagije.  

## Inkoko zitangiye gutera amagi.
•    Kuva ku cyumweru cya 20 kugeza inkoko zishaje (hafi ku byumweru 80),      

•    Mbere y’ibyumweru 2 ngo inkoko  zitangire gutera, umworozi agomba gushyiramo udusanduka inkoko zizatereramo kugirango zizatangire gutera zaratumenyereye. 

•    Iyo inkoko zatangiye gutera amagi  , umworozi agomba kunyura mu nzu y’inkoko nibura incuro enye; mu gitondo mu masaa tatu; saa tanu; saa munani, no ku mugoroba mu ma saa kumi n’imwe, kugirango akuremo amagi inkoko zimaze gutera. 

•    Gukuramo amagi inshuro nyinshi bituma zitayamena.

Icyitonderwa: Iyi nyandiko tuyikesha Igitabo Agenda y'Umuhinzi cya 2018 cyateguwe na Minisiteri y'Ubuhinzi n'Ubworozi.

## Reba
Indwara n'ibyonnyi by'intoryi

Intoryi ni Imboga nziza ariko zigira indwara n'ibyonnyi bitandukanye .

## Indwara z'intoryi

### 1.ANTARAKINOZE (anthracnose)
UKO IKWIRAKWIRA

Imbuto zirwaye, ibisigazwa by’ibihingwa, Umuyaga, imvura n’amazi yo kuvomerera  bikwirakwiza iyo ndwara.

UKO BAYIRWANYA

•    Gusimburanya ibihingwa mu murima

•    Kwirinda gutera ibinyamisogwe mu murima wagaragayemo ubwo burwayi mu gihe kitari munsi y’imyaka ibiri

•    Gutera imbuto z’indobanure

•    Gukoresha imiti nka bénomyl yica utwo duhumyo ku mbuto mbere yo kuzitera

•     Kutagenda mu murima harimo ubukonje cyangwa urume

•    Gukura  ibisigazwa by’ibiti by’intoryi mu murima no gutwika ibyarwaye.

### 2.KIRABIRANYA(Bacterial wilt)
UKO BAYIRWANYA

•    Gusimburanya ibihingwa mu murima imyaka 5 kugeza kuri 7 bigabanya iyo ndwara

•    Kugabanya ubusharire bwo mu butaka hakoreshejwe ishwagara

•    Gutera umuti nka peracetic acid cyangwa hydrogen peroxide.

•    Gukoresha imbuto yihanganira iyo indwara

•    Kurwanya amashanya (nématodes)

•    Gukoresha ibikoresho bisukuye mu gihe cyo guhinga no gusarura

### 3. UDUHUNDUGURU/ INDA  (Aphids)
UKO BAZIRWANYA

•    Gutera ubwoko bw’intoryi bwihanganira inda

•    Kudakoresha ifumbire irimo Azote nyinshi

•    Kudahohotera udusimba turya inda nk’udusurira, amavubi

•    Gukoresha imiti nka supérmethrine, bifenthrine, pyrimicarbe, Pyréthrine  yica inda

•    Gushyiraho imitego y’inda hakoreshejwe ubujeni n’ibitambaro by’umuhondo (ibara rikurura inda)

•    Kuvomereza amazi afite ingufu atuma inda zihunguka.

### 4. ISAZI Y’UMWERU (Whitefly)

UKO BAYIRWANYA

•    Gusimburanya imyaka mu murima.

•    Kuvanaho ibihuru n’ibisigazwa by’ibihingwa bishobora gucumbikira iyo sazi.

•    Kumanika imitego y’umuhondo irimo kole yo kuzifata.

•    Gukoresha udusimba nka Macrolophus caliginosus, Encarsia na Eretmocerus n’uduhumyo nka  Beauveria and Bacillus genera n’amavubi

•    Gutera imiti nka midachloprid, Methomyl, Thiametoxam, igaterwa igihe cyo kurabya kw’intoryi.

### 5. INGONOKERA (Fruit worm)
UKO BAZIRWANYA

•    Guterera igihe

•    Gutema ibyatsi byimeza bishobora kuba indiri y’ingonokera

•    Gukoresha imitego igabanya umubare ibinyugunyugu by’izo ngonokera.

•    Gusimburanya ibihingwa mu murima hirindwa gukurikiranya ibihingwa  iyo ngonokera ikunda gufata nk’inyanya, urusenda.

•    Gutera  ubwoko bwihanganira iyo ngonokera

### 6.    TIRIPUSI (Thrips)
UKO BAZIRWANYA

•    Kubagara umurima hakurwamo ibyatsi bibi.

•    Ubutaka bugomba guhingwa nyuma yo gusarura.

•    Kwica ibishorobwa na tiripusi biri mu butaka no ku mababi.

•    Gutera kare  no gusiga intera ihagije hagati y’ibihingwa.

•    Gukoresha amoko y’intoryi yihanganira tiripusi.

•    Gukoresha imiti nka Malathion.

•    Gukoresha umuti ukomoka ku biti 

bya neem, ibireti,urusenda

### 7. IMUNGU Y’URUTI N’IMBUTO BY’INTORYI (Shoot and fruit borer)
UKO BAYIRWANYA

•    Gukoresha ingemwe nziza zidafite iyo mungu

•    Gusimburanya ibihingwa  mu murima

•    Gutera imiti nka Sumicidin, Lannate, Sevin iragerageza kurwanya iyo mungu

•    Kuvanaho no gutwika amashami yumye, ibiti bishaje n’ingemye zafashwe n’imungu.

## Reba
Girinka Munyarwanda

**Perezida [[Paul Kagame]]**  watangije gahunda ya Girinka Munyarwanda mu mwaka wa 2002, ubwo iyigahunda yayitangizaga yasuye abapfakazi n’abandi batari bishoboye bo mu Karere ka Gicumbi bahawe inka, bamwereka ingingo y’imari irenga miliyari zirindwi bakoresha buri mwaka.

## Aborozi bo mu karere ka gicumbi
Aborozi bo mu karere ka GIcumbi Bakimara guhabwa inka bahise bashinga Koperative Ihuza Aborozi ba Kijyambere Bafatanyije (IAKIB), ikaba yaratangiye ikusanya umukamo w’inka z’abanyamuryango 300 bari bishyize hamwe. Umuyobozi wa IAKIB Yagize ati “Koperative yacu yavutse kubera gahunda ya Girinka muri 2002, twatangiye turi abanyamuryango 300 ariko ubu tugeze kuri 4,004, dukusanya amata angana na litiro 34,000 ku munsi ava mu borozi barenga 10,000”.

## Aho bavemura amata
Amata bakusanyije bayagurisha ku ruganda Inyange na Blessed (ruri i Gatuna), asigaye bakayakoramo amavuta y’inka yo kurya no kwisiga, ikivuguto ndetse n’ikinyobwa cyitwa yawurute (Yoghurt).

## Mu Rwanda hose

Umwaka wa 2018 wasize imiryango 341,065 ikennye imaze korozwa inka muri gahunda ya Girinka igamije kuvana abaturage mu bukene n’imirire mibi. Izi nka zimaze gutangwa zingana na 97.4 % by’inka ibihumbi 350 Leta yari yiyemeje guha imiryango ikennye mu gihugu hose. Gahunda ya Girinka Munyarwanda yatangijwe na Perezida wa Repubulika mu 2006, nyuma yo kubona ko hari umubare munini w’abana bafite imirire mibi ndetse n’imiryango myinshi iri mu bukene. Umuryango uhabwa inka, yabyara inyana igahabwa undi ukennye.

## Reba

*Girinka information
Ibikoro

Ibikoro ni bimwe mu biribwa bitaboneka cyane ariko bifitiye umubiri wacu akamaro kanini. Ni kimwe mu bihangwa bikurira mu butaka nk’imyumbati n’ibijumba.
Ubuhinzi bw'urutoki mu karere ka Rutsiro

Abahinzi  w’ikitegererezo wo mu karere ka Rutsiro bavuga ko bamaze  kugera kuri byinshi babikesha ubuhinzi bwa kijyambere bw’urutoki.

## Ubwoko bw'urutoki

urutoki rwo mu bwoko :

* FIA, 
* Injagi 
* ndetse n’ibivamo imineke n’umutobe ariko ngo bimaze kumuteza imbere.

## Reba
Umusozi wa Gitwa

Mu karere ka Rutsiro, umusozi ka Gitwa kahinduriwe izina witwa umusozi wa  Nyamagumba .

## UMUSOZI GITWA

Agasozi ka Gitwa mu Karere ka Rutsiro mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 hari Chapelle ndetse ikoreshwa n’abakirisitu. Ni agasozi kitaruye ikiyaga cya Kivu, ariko gafasha abakariho kureba indi misozi ikitegeye ndetse bikorohera buri wese kuba yakwirwanaho mu gihe atewe.

## GITWA UBU NI NYAMAGUMBA
Agasozi ka Gitwa mu Karere ka Rutsiro kahinduwe umusozi wa Nyamagumba kubera kuhicira Abatutsi muri Mata 1994. Umusozi wa Nyamagumba uzwi nk’umusozi mu Rwanda wari wegereye gereza ya Ruhengeri, imwe mu zafungiwemo abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Habyarimana.

## KUKI YABAYE NYAMAGUMBA

Ubwo Interahamwe zazaga kwica abatutsi bari kuri k'umusozi wa Gitwa bavugaga ko bagiye gukora akazi i Nyamagumba [ Umusozi wa Nyamagumba uzwi nk’umusozi mu Rwanda wari wegereye gereza ya Ruhengeri, imwe mu zafungiwemo abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bwari buriho mbere 1994].

## Reba
Umusozi wa Mvuzo

Inkomoko y’izina ‘Mvuzo’ umusozi uba mu burasirazuba bw'u Rwanda.

## Mvuzo aho ibarizwa

Mvuzo ni umusozi uherereye mu Kagari ka Mvuzo, Umurenge wa Murambi mu Karere ka Rulindo Intara y’Amajyaruguru. Abawutuye bavuga ko ufite amateka meza mbere ya 1959 n’amabi yo kwicirwaho Abatutsi benshi mu gihe cya Jenoside.

## Inkomoko y'izina Mvuzo
Mu gusobanura inkomoko ya Mvuzo, Uhaturiye agira ati “Impamvu yatumye bawita Mvuzo, kera hari abantu baturukaga ku musozi wa Kinzuzi nawo wari uturanye na Mvuzo, murabizi ko abantu ba kera basabanaga cyane, hano iwacu rero habaga ibigage byiza, kandi byinshi noneho abo ku yindi misozi bakabiha abakozi babo bakazimanira bene wabo ba hano kuri uyu musozi wa Mvuzo.”Yavuze ko abo bakozi bamaraga kubiha abo babatumyeho mu gihe bagiye gusubirayo bagasanga babasigiyemo nk’uruho. Ati “Bagera hejuru kuri uyu musozi wa Mvuzo barimo gutaha bagakoresha imiziranyenzi n’imiheha miremire bakanywa ya nzoga babasigiyemo, bayirangiza bya bivuzo bakabisuka ku nzira. Habaga inyoni nyinshi nazo zikahateranira zikaza kurya bya bivuzo, aho rero niho havuye izina Mvuzo kuko abantu bazaga bakahasanga inyoni nyinshi ziri muri bya bivuzo.”

## [https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/inkomoko-y-izina-mvuzo-umusozi-waguyeho-abatutsi-barenga-ibihumbi-bitandatu Mvuzo muri jenocide]
Umusozi wa Mvuzo.

## Reba
Ubuhinzi bw'ibishyimbo

Igishyimbo gikomoka mu turere two muri Amerika dushyuha, ni ikinyamisogwe gihingwa cyane kubera agaciro kanini gihabwa n’ubwinshi bw’ibyubaka umubiri gikungahayeho.

## [[Igishyimbo]]

## Gusarura
Ibishyimbo bisarurwa bimaze amezi abiri n’igice kugeza kuri atatu (ibishyimbo bigufi) bihinzwe, n’amezi atatu kugeza kuri atanu (imishingiriro) bitewe n’akarere n’ imbuto.

### Bisarurwa mu buryo bukurikira :
Imishingiriro, imiteja (imitanyu) yumye barayihura bakayishyira mu mifuka cyangwa mu bitebo bakayijyana mu rugo aho byongera kwanikwa bihagije.

### Icyitonderwa

Muri iki gikorwa ni ngombwa kugenzura ko imiteja yose yavanywe ku bi# (ibitsinsi) byayo kugira ngo hatagira igisigara mu murima.

Ibishyimbo bigufi bisarurwa hakoreshejwe amaboko, baranduza cyangwa bakata igiti cy’igishyimbo, hanyuma bakareka kikuma mbere y’uko gihurwa (hifashishijwe uburyo bw’amaboko cyangwa imashini zabugenewe mu gusarura no guhura imyaka).

### Gusarura n’amaboko

Gusarura ibishyimbo n’amaboko, urabirandura ukabyanika ku zuba.

Iryo sarurwa rikorwa mu gitondo kare, kuko ubuhehere bwa nijoro butuma imitanyu itiyasa ngo intete zitakare.

Mu bihugu bimwe,mbere yo gusarura ibishyimbo babanza kubitera umu#. Uko kubitera umu bikorwa hagamijwe kubyumisha vuba bityo bigatuma uburumbarare bwabyo bugabanuka bikanihu#sha igikorwa cyo kubihura.

### Gusarura ukoresheje amamashini
Gusarura ibishyimbo hakoreshejwe amamashini biboneka cyane mu bihugu byateye imbere, bikorwa cyane cyane hakoreshwa imashini kabuhariwe zisarura zigahita zinahura ingano baba bahinduyeho gato. Izo mashini zifite ubushobozi bwo gusarura hegitari imwemu gihe cy’isaha (0.9-1.1 h/ha). Zimwe mu ngorane zigira ni uko zikenera gukorera mu mirima minini cyane, irambuye,itarimo ibyatsi, ihinzemo ibishyimbo bigufi bishinguye kandi byereye rimwe neza.

Nyuma yo guhurwa, usanga ibishyimbo bibonetse birimo imyandamyinshi n’ubuhehere bugera kuri 20%.Mbere yo kubihunika, ni ngombwa kugabanya iyo myanda n’ubwo buhehere (taux d’humidité), wanika ku buryo busanzwe cyangwa ukoresheje imashini kugeza nibura ku gipimo cya14% cy’ubuhehere. Abacuruzi bakunda kubihunika mumifuka muri za hangar zagenewe guhunika. Ubusanzwe, ibishyimbo iyo bimaze gusarurwa biragurishwa ibindi bikabikwa.

## Gutwara umusaruro
Imitanyu yashyizwe mu mifuka cyangwa mu bitebo yikorerwa ku mutwe cyangwa ku binyabiziga ikagezwa mu rugo cyangwa ahandi hateguwe. Na none kimwe n’imitanyu, ibitsinsi by’ibishyimbo byaranduwe cyangwa byatemwe birahambirwa bikikorerwa bikajyanwa kwanikwa mu rugo cyangwa ahandi habigenewe.

## Icyitonderwa
Muri iki gikorwa hakunze kuboneka igihombo cy’umusaruro gituruka ku inyanyagira ry’umusaruro mu nzira no mu gihe cyose uvanwa ahantu hamwe ujyanwa ahandi.

### Kumisha umusaruro w’ibishyimbo
Kumisha umusaruro w’ibishyimbo bikorwa mu birundo: nyuma yo kubirandura, babishyira ku zuba mu murima babihambiriyemo uturundo duto duto.

### Guhura no kwanika
Guhura ibishyimbo bikorwa n’amaboko babikubita ibibando ku mbuga ikomeye kandi isukuye.

Kwanika bikorwa basanza ibishyimbo ku mbuga yabugenewe, aho biba biri ku mbuga mu muyaga n’izuba bikahamara iminsi 10 kugeza kuri 15.

## Reba
Umusozi wa Ruhero

**Umusozi wa Ruhero** uri mu intara y'amajyepfo mu karere ka Nyaruguru,Umurenge wa Ruheru .Uhana imbibi n’igihugu cy’uburundi, Intara ya Kayanza, Komine Kabarore, Zone Rugazi, umutumba wa Buyumbo.

## Reba
Umusozi wa Jali

Umusozi wa Jali ni umwe mu misozi mwiza yu mujyi wa Kigali, kdi ikorerwamo n'igendo zitandukanye za bemera Imana.

## Uburebure
Umusozi wa Jali ni umwe mu miremire iri mu mujyi wa Kigali. Ufite ubutumburuke bwa metero 2071. Iyo ugana ku gasongero kawo hari ubwo unyerera, uhirima cg ukagwa ndetse bigusaba gukoresha imbaraga. Ni heza cyane ndahabaratiye.

## [https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/84867/hakozwe-inzira-y-umusaraba-isorezwa-i-jali-haturwa-ibibazo-b-84867.html Inzira y'umusaraba ku musozi wa jali]

## [https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Abarokokeye-Jali-barishimira-urwibutso-rwatungayirijwe-ababo-bazize-Jenoside Urwibutso rwa jenocide ku musozi wa Jali]

## [https://web.archive.org/web/20190702191422/http://igicumbi.com/index.php/ibirori/inkuru-zo-kwamamaza/item/356-make-heritage-fun-ku-nzoga-za-rubingo-i-jali KU NZOGA ZA RUBINGO I JALI]

## Reba
Urutare i Jali

Ku Nzoga za Rubingo, ni hejuru ku musozi wa Jali uherereye mu murenge wa Jali, Akarere ka Gasabo mu mujyi wa kigali. Ni urutare rugaragaza bimwe mu bintu umwami Ruganzu yahakoreye.

## Reba
Umusozi wa Kigali

U Rwanda ni igihugu cy'imisozi igihumbi kigizwe n'inzuzi, amashyamba, imigezi, ndetse n'ibindi bintu nyaburanga bitatse u Rwanda. tugiye kurebera hamwe ibigaragara ku musozi muremure uzwi ku izina rya  mont Kigali ( umusozi wa Kigali ) uherereye mu mujyi wa Kigali.

## Aho uherereye

Umusozi wa Kigali ni umwe mu misozi miremire  iri mu murwa w’u Rwanda, ni umusozi ufite amateka, umusozi witwaga Ruhango ya Bwanacyambwe,  witiriwe Kigali,  umurwa w'u Rwanda. Umusozi wa Kigali ukora ku mirenge  ine; Nyamirambo, Mageragere ,Kigali na Kimisagara  yose yo mu karere ka Nyarugenge. Ku musozi wa Kigali uba ureba ahantu hatandukanye mu gihugu, uba ureba umujyi wa Kigali wose, ukareba uburasirazuba, mu majyepfo no mu majyaruguru by’u Rwanda.
## indanganturo
Umusozi wa Kabuye

Umusozi wa Kabuye uherereye mu Karere ka Gakenke intara y'amajyaryguru, ni hamwe mu hakomeje gukorerwa ubukerarugendo bwo kwiga umuco n’amateka y’ubutwari bwaranze ingabo z’u Rwanda mu rugamba rwo kubohora igihugu.

## Kabuye
Uwo musozi wa Kabuye ufatwa nk’ahantu nyaburanga ho kwigira ubutwari, ufite ubutumburuke bwa metero 2700, aho kuwuzamuka bisaba igihe kingana n’amasaha agera muri atatu ugenda n'amaguru, iyo uwuzamuka uba ureba intara y’Amajyaruguru, ibyo bikaba ari kimwe mu byafashije ingabo za RPA gutsinda urugamba.

## Kabuye ibumbatiye amateka amateka yibwami
Uretse kuba uwo musozi wa Kabuye ubumbatiye amateka y’urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu, uwo musozi ni na wo buturo bw’umwami Gihanga Ngomijana aho yaje gutura aturutse Nkotsi na Bikara mu Karere ka Musanze.

## Guhashya Interahamwe
Uwo musozi wa Kabuye kandi ngo uri mu yifashishijwe mu guhashya Interahamwe zari zaribasiye agace k’Intara y’Amajyaruguru, Abanyarwanda n’abanyamahanga bakaba bakomeje kuwusura biga amateka yo kubohora igihugu n’amateka y’ibwami.

## Reba
Ibiti bivangwa n'Imyaka

Gutera ibiti bivangwa n'imyaka bifatiye runini umuhinzi, ibidukikije ndetse n' igihugu muri rusange.

## Akamaro k'Igiti
Igiti gifite umumaro munini mu mibereho ya muntu ndestse n' ibindi binyabuzima bitandukanye biri ku isi, Igiti ni ubuturo bw'urusobe bw'ibinyabuzima bikirimo ari ibigaragara n'ibyo tutabonesha amaso, igiti gifasha mu kurwanya isuri, igiti cyera imbuto ziribwa, igiti gitanga igicucu ku myaka mu murima, igiti cyifashishwa mu gushingirira indi myaka nk'ibishyimbo n'ibindi, igiti gitanga amavuta, igiti kandi gifasha mu gutanga umwuka duhumeka mwiza.

## Ubwoko bw'ibiti bivangwa n'Imyaka
Umunyinya

Acacia

Umugenge

Barakatsi

Umububa

Arunusi

Umusibya

Igihehe

Umukoni

Umunyegenyege

Mu bwoko bw'ibiti bivangwa n'imyaka byavuzwe hejuru byose bihuriye kukuba bitanga ifumbire no mugutuma imyaka ikungahara igakura neza kandi igatanga umusaruro ushimishije, bifasha mu gutanga  igicucu ku myaka iteye hamwe nabyo, bifata ubutaka cg kurwanya isuri, bishobora kuvamo ibiryo by'amatungo,  bimwe na bimwe bivamo kandi amakara ,hari n'ibikoreshwa mu buvuzi gakondo.

## Amashakiro
Amagweja

Amagweja (cg igweja mu bucye) ni udusimba duto tumeze nka Nkongwa isanzwe yo mu bigori ariko tukagira ibara ry’umweru wera. Utwo dusimba dutungwa n’ubwoko bw’ibyatsi byitwa iboberi, bihingwa nk’ubwatsi bw’amagweja. 

## Umumaro
Amagweja  arororwa akazatanga indodo zikoreshwa mu bikorwa bitandukanye by’ubudozi bw’imyenda, aya magweja atunzwa n’ikimera kitwa iboberi. uworoye amagweja abona umusaruro mu minsi 30 gusa kandi ikilo kimwe kigura hagati y'amafaranga y'u Rwanda 2200-3600. ubworozi bw'amagweja kandi bukorerwa ku buso buto kuburyo buri muntu wese ubifitemo ubushake yabukora.

ubu mu Rwanda mu cyanya cyahariwe inganda hari uruganda rutunganya ubudodo buturuka ku magweja rwitwa "HEworks" rw'abanyakoreya rwubatswe kubufatanye n'ikigo giteza imbere ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bikomoka ku buhinzi n’ubworozi(NAEB).

## Uko amagweja akora ubudodo
Iyo igweja rimaze kwizingira muri ako kadongi, kaba ari gato kangana n’igi ry’inyoni, gafite ibara ry’umweru, icyo gihe umusaruro uba ubonetse, icyo gihe ako kadongi baragahambura bagasigarana ubudodo bwiza bukomeye hanyuma icyari igweja kigahinduka ikinyugunyugu kikaguruka.
Umusozi wa Kabatwa

Umusozi wa Kabatwa ni umusozi muto uri uruhande rw'ikirunga cya Karisimbo.

## Aho uri
Umusozi wa Kabatwa uri mu murenge wa Busasamana, mu karere ka Rubavu ubu ni mu intara y'iburengerazuba aho uhana imbibi n'igihugu cya Repuburika Iharanira Demukarasi ya Congo hafi y'ikirunga cya Nyamuragira.

## Reba
Amagare mu mujyi wa Kigali

Iyi ni gahunda ya Guverinoma y’u Rwanda iri kuyifatanyamo n’umuryango mpuzamahanga ufasha ibihugu biri munzira y’iterambere kugera ku bukungu burambye harengerwa ibidukikije. Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI) kugira ngo igihugu kigere ku ntego cyihaye yo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere.

## Politike y'u Rwanda
U Rwanda kandi rugeze kure runoza politike yo gutwara abantu n’ibintu mu buryo burengera ibidukikije. Biteganyijwe ko iyi politike izashimangira ubufatanye bw’abikorera n’inzego za Leta mu korohereza ishoramari ryimakaza ikoreshwa ry’ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi. Imibare ya Minisiteri y’Ibikorwaremezo igaragaza ko ibinyabiziga byinjira mu Rwanda buri mwaka byiyongera ku kigero cya 12%, ibyinshi muri ibi bikoresha lisansi na mazutu, ibinyabutabire bigira uruhare runini mu kwanduza ikirere.
 
Iyi niyo mpamvu muri iyi politike nshya u Rwanda rwihaye intego y’uko bizagera mu 2030, 20% by’imodoka zitwara abagenzi (buses) zikoresha amashanyarazi. Izi gahunda zo kunoza iyi politike nshya, u Rwanda ruri kuzifatanyamo na GGGI.

## GGGI

Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI) yagiye itera inkunga ibikorwa bitandukanye biri muri iyi gahunda birimo ibijyanye no kubaka imijyi ibungabunga ibidukikije, gushyira uburyo bw’ingendo butifashisha ibinyabiziga bifite moteri, gushyiraho uduce tutemerewe kugendwamo n’ibinyabiziga tuzwi nka ‘Car Free Zone’ ndetse no kwimakaza imodoka na moto bikoresha amashanyarazi.

Iki Kigo cyakoze inyigo yaje kuvamo icyemezo cyo gushyira ku mihanda yo muri Kigali n’iyo mu yindi mijyi itandatu iyunganira utuyira tw’abanyamagare n’abanyamaguru, ndetse na gahunda yo gushyiraho amagare rusange ashobora gukoreshwa n’ubishatse mu Mujyi wa Kigali n’uwa Musanze, bikaba biteganyijwe ko vuba azagezwa no mu Mujyi wa Huye n’uwa Rubavu.

## Inyungu zirimo
Mu nyigo yakozwe na Guverinoma byagaragaye ko bizagera mu 2025 u Rwanda rumaze kuzigama arenga miliyari 20 Frw yajyaga agenda mu bikorwa byo gutumiza ibikomoka kuri peteroli mu mahanga. Imibare yerekana ko mu 2008 mu bicuruzwa u Rwanda rwatumizaga mu mahanga, ibikomoka kuri peteroli byari byihariye 3,3%. Mu 2008 iri janisha ryaje kuzamuka rigera kuri 8,1%, byageze mu 2014 ibikomoka kuri peteroli byihariye 19,5% by’ibyo u Rwanda rutumiza mu mahanga. Mu 2019 iri janisha ryari kuri 16,7%. 
 
Imibare ya The Observatory of Economic Complexity (OEC) igaragaza kandi ko ibikomoka kuri peteroli ari bimwe mu bicuruzwa u Rwanda rukenera cyane kandi rukabishoramo akayabo, nk’aho nibura buri mwaka miliyoni 411$, amafaranga ari hejuru y’ayo rushora mu kugura imiti. Imibare y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Imisoro n’Amahoro igaragaza ko kuva mu 2018 imodoka 150 zikoresha amashanyarazi zinjiye mu Rwanda. Umubare wazo wiyongera cyane guhera mu 2021 bijyanye n’uko leta yari imaze koroshya uburyo bwo kuzitunga, binyuze mu kuzikuriraho imwe mu misoro.

## Reba
Beef Wellington

## Menya byinshi ku Nyama ya beef Wellington naho yaturutse
Ibisobanuro bya beef Wellington birashoboka kuboneka k'umusore witwa Arthur Wellesley.

Azwi cyane kubera gutsinda Napoleon k'urugamba rwa Waterloo, ahabwa izina rya Duke wa mbere wa Wellington.

## Ninde muntu wa mbere wakoze beef Wellington?
kuya 18 kamena1815  Duke wa mbere wa Wellington , Arthur Wellesley yatsinze ku rugamba rwa Waterloo, maze hategurwa ibyo kurya￼ kugirango bibuke insinzi mu bisanzwe byemewe kuba aribyo beef Wellington Ishobora gukorwa mbere y'igihe.

## Kuki Inyama yiswe beef Wellington izwi cyane?
Uyu munsi beef Wellington izwi cyane nk'igisubizo cya Gordon Ramsey, Icyakora ibyo kurya bifite Inkomoko kera bigera mu ntangiriro y'ikinyejana cya cumi n'icyenda yahawe izina rya Duke wa Wellington nyuma yo kuyobora ihuriro rya karindwi( hamwe na Jenerali Von Blucher) k'urugamba rwa Waterloo mu 1815.  Yavutse Arthur Wellesley, Nubwo Azwi cyane nka Duke wa Wellington mu mateka.

## Filet ya Wellington yaturutse he?
Ikintu kimwe gishobora kuvugwa neza Ni uko Icyuzuzo cya Wellington nkuko tubizi uyu munsi cyamenyekanye ubwa mbere na chef w'umunyamerika Akaba n'umukinnyi wa firime Julia child.

Wamenyekanye kuri filet de bœuf en croûte,

Inyama y'inka yuzuye mu bufaransa nka "filet ya Wellington Beef" mu gice cy'umwaka mushya tereviziyo ye, umutetsi w'abafaransa mu 1965 mu ijoro rishya.

## Beef Wellington ikozwe n'iki?

Beef Wellington n'ibiryo bya kera by' abongereza.

Beef Wellington n'inyama izingiyeho igipondo cya pate( ubusanzwe foie gras pâte) na duxelle hanyuma ugapfunyika muri puff pastry hanyuma ugateka.

## Nikihe gihugu cyahimbye beef Wellington?
Ibyo kurya bya kera by'abongereza, Inyama beef Wellington n'uruvange rw'inka, ibirayi n'imboga.

Iyo ukora inyama ya Wellington ibyo kurya byuzuye bitwikiriwe na pâte mu bisanzwe foie gras pâte na duxelles mbere yo kubizinga hanyuma ikotsa n'ifuru.

## Nigute abafaransa bita Beef Wellington?
Ifunguro nkiryo rizwi ku izina rya " filet de bœuf en croûte" ryari rimaze kuba mu bitaramo by'abafaransa mbere y'intambara ya Revolutionary Ef Beef Wellington" Mu cyubahiro cya Wellesley, yahinduwe gusa n'umuntu ahandi hantu.

## Ese Beef Wellington byaba ari ibiryo by'abongereza?
Beef wellington Ni ibyo kurya bikomoka mu bwongereza n' Inyama yometseho pâte ( mu bisanzwe foie gras pâte) na duxelles hanyuma bipfunyikwa kuri puff pastry ubundi igatekwa.

## Nigute Beef Wellington yabonye izina?
Iyi nyama yitiriwe Arthur Wellesley, Duke wa wellington watsinze Napoleon aba minisitiri w'intebe w'ubwongereza kandi yari ashinzwe kumenyekanisha amazina ya rubber ariko ntibisobanutse uruhare yagize mu guhindura ibintu biryoshye.

Nanone Wellington umusirikare ntiyigeze ahangayikishwa cyane n'ibiryo yahawe bityo areka umutetsi we  ngo yishakire ibyifuzo bye

kimwe muri byo Akaba ariryo Funguro ryihariye.

Nkuko Wellington yishimiye iri Funguro yashimangiye Ko ryatangwa kuri buri funguro.

Nanone bivugwa ko ibyo kurya byuzuye bisa neza na boot ya Wellington Akaba ariryo mpanvu yiryo zina.

## Amashakiro
Igare

Igare ni ikinyabiziga gikoresha  imbaraga zabantu cyangwa moteri, ukoreshwa na moteri gifite ibiziga bibiri bifatanye kumurongo kimwe inyuma yicyindi, wicaraho ukagenda uhinduranya pedal ebyiri ukoresheje amaguru yombi ukwiburyo n'ibumoso. Ugenda ku igare yitwa umunyonzi, cyangwa umunyegare. (Pedal= ibice ukandagiraho n'ibirenge) 

## Reba
Imodoka

Imodoka ni ibinyabiziga bine bifite ibiziga bine bikoreshwa na moteri kandi ibasha gutwara abantu bake.Imodoka mubyukuri ntabwo ari ijambo rya vuba. Ahubwo, byaje kugaruka mu mwaka wa 1300, kera mbere yuko ikintu cyose gisa nicyo tubona uyu munsi cyari hafi. Ariko iryo jambo mu ntangiriro ni Ikilatini, 'carrus' cyangwa 'carrum' kandi ryerekeza ku 'binyabiziga bifite ibiziga.

## Inkomoko y'imodoka
 

## Reba
Moto

Moto ni ikinyabiziga gifite moteri, kidafite umubiri (kidafite karisore), gifite ibiziga bibiri akenshi.

## Reba
Ibidukikije

IBIDUKIKIJE NI IKI? 

* Ibidukikije ni ibinyabuzima byose nibindi bidafite ubuzima bibaho bisanzwe
* Ibidukikije bya biofiziki, ni bintu byu mubiri ni binyabuzima hamwe nubusabane bwimiti bigira ingaruka kubinyabuzima cyangwa itsinda ryi binyabuzima.

## Ibindi bidukikije byumubiri numuco

* Ibidukikije ni ishami rya etologiya ryita ku mibanire y’ibinyabuzima hagati yacyo ndetse n’ibidukikije
* Ibidukikije ,  bya sisitemu yu mubiri ishobora gukorana na sisitemu muguhana misa, ingufu, cyangwa indi mitungo
* Ibidukikije byubatswe bitanga imiterere yibikorwa by'abantu, uhereye ku umurongo munini w'abaturage ukageza ahantu hihariye;
* Imibereho myiza, umuco umuntu afite, n'abantu, n'inzego bakorana
* Ibidukikije ku isoko, igihe cy'ubucuruzi

## Ubuhanzi, imyidagaduro

*  (ikinyamakuru), urungano rwasuzumwe, ruzwi cyane mu bumenyi bw’ibidukikije rwashinzwe mu 1958
*  muri filime yo muri filime 1917), 1917 film yo muri Amerika ituje
*  (1922 film), 1922 film yo muri Amerika ituje
*  (1927 film), 1927 firime ituje ya Australiya
*  (urukurikirane rwa alubumu), urukurikirane rwa LP, cassettes na CD byerekana amajwi asanzwe
*  (alubumu), alubumu ya 2007 na The Future Sound of London
* "Ibidukikije", indirimbo ya Dave wo muri *Psychodrama*
*  (ikinyamakuru), ikinyamakuru cya siyansi

## Muri mudasobwa

* Ibidukikije (ubwoko bwimyumvire), ihuriro hagati yizina rihinduka nubwoko bwamakuru muburyo bwubwoko
* Ibidukikije byoherejwe, muburyo bwo kohereza software, sisitemu ya mudasobwa aho porogaramu ya mudasobwa cyangwa ibice bya software byoherejwe kandi bigakorerwa
* Ibidukikije bikora, imashini yimashini itanga serivisi za software kubikorwa cyangwa porogaramu mugihe mudasobwa ikora

## Reba kandi

* Ibidukikije, filozofiya yagutse, ingengabitekerezo, hamwe n’imibereho myiza yerekeranye no kurengera ibidukikije
* Ubumenyi bwibidukikije
* Ibidukikije birahinduka
Ikimoteri cya Nduba

Mu rwego rwo kunoza imicungire y’imyanda mu Mujyi wa Kigali mu buryo butabangamiye ibidukikije n’ubuzima bw’abaturage, Hashyizweho ikimoteri cy’imyanda i Nduba muri Gasabo mu mwaka wa 2012.

## Imiterere y'Iikimoteri cya Nduba
Ikimoteri cya Nduba kiri hejuru ku mpinga y’umusozi mugari kandi muremure mu murenge wa Nduba Akagari ka Muremure, kigakora ku midugudu ibiri ya Taba na Musezero. Hari amatoni menshi y’imyanda iri ku gasi, ikusanywa iva mu ngo n’ibigo mu mugi wa Kigali. Ikimoteri cya Nduba gifite hegitari 52,6 harimo 28,6 ziri gukoreshwa na 24 zo kucyaguriraho. Cyakira toni zirenga 500 z’imyanda ikomeye na metero kibe 150 kugeza kuri 200 z’imyanda yoroshye yo mu bwiherero.

## Imicungire n'imikoresherezwe y'ikimoteri
Imicungire y’ikimoteri cya Nduba iri mu maboko y’Umujyi wa Kigali na WASAC itanga ubufasha mu bya tekiniki. iki kimoteri gishyirwaho hari hateganyijwe ko hazabaho uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro cyangwa gukora ifumbire n'ingufu mu myanda ijyanwa muri icyo kimoteri kandi hakubakwa ahantu hatunganyirizwa ibyo bishingwe habugenewe ariko ntibirakorwa bikaba bibangamira uburenganzira n' imibereho myiza y'abaturage batuye mu nkengero yi'icyo kimoteri kuko usanga hari umwuka mubi bahumeka n'amasazi ahaturuka ashobora kubanduza indwara nyinshi ziterwa n'umwanda . 

## Ingaruka z'ikimoteri cya Nduba
Haba ku bantu baturiye ikimoteri cya Nduba cyangwa ibindi binyabuzima muri rusange bigerwaho n'ingaruka mbi mu gihe icyo kimoteri kititaweho nkuko bigomba gukorwa; harimo indwara ziturutse k'umwanda no ku mwuka mubi bahumeka. Gusa icyo kimoteri kikaba gifite ningaruka nziza  kuko iyo urebye   mumujyi wa Kigali ubonako urangwamo nisuku nyinshi  haba mu ngo ndetse no mu mihanda yo mumugi wa kigali ubonako haba hakeye cyane ugeraranyije no mumyaka yashize kuko imyanda yose ihakusanirizwa ifite aho yoherezwa ndetse ikanahatunganirizwa muburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro iyo myanda yose ihakusanyirizwa. 

## Amashakiro
Icyungo

## Icyungo

Icyungo ni Inkono gakondo ikoze mu ibumba, Iterambere ritaraza mu Rwanda, benshi nicyo batekeragamo. Uko iminsi ishira indi igataha ,Abanyarwanda batandukanye barazizibukira bagateka  mumasafuriya, bamwe mu rubyiruko bo bavuga ko batanakizi,

Icyungo ni imwe mu nkono Gakondo babumbaga mwi ibumba akaba Igikoresho bifashishaga bategura amafunguro. Mu Rwanda ndetse no mubihugu bimwe na bimwe byo muri Afurika cyanecyane mu Rwanda rwo hambere niyo yakoreshwaga.

## Icyo Icyungo bagikundiraga muri rusange
Bavugako isosi yatetswe mucyungo iryoha kuruta izindi sosi zatetwe mu bindi bikoresho, ikindi hari ababumbyi batunzwe nokubumba. iyo babaga babumbye ibyungo ndetse nibindi bikoresho biva mwibumba byatumaga babona amafrw bakabasha kwiteza imbere muburyo bumwe cyangwa ubundi.

## Amashakiro
S.C. Kiyovu Sports

**Kiyovu Sports Association**, rizwi cyane ku izina rya **SC Kiyovu Sports**, **Kiyovu Sports** cyangwa **Kiyovu**, ni ikipe y'umupira w'amaguru iherereye i Kigali, mu Rwanda . Kuri ubu iyi kipe irushanwa mu gikombe cy’umupira wamaguru mu Rwanda, ikina imikino yayo murugo kuri Stade Mumena cyangwa kuri Sitade Amahoro . Ikipe yabigenewe muri iki gihe irushanwa mu cyiciro cya mbere cyu Rwanda .  Iyi kipe yatwaye ibikombe birindwi bya shampiyona, ibikombe bitatu by'amahoro.

Kiyovu Sport Club niyo kipe yambere yumupira wamaguru yu Rwanda yinjiye muri Shampiyona yumupira wamaguru, hagati ya 1948 na 1957. Batangiriye mu cyiciro cya mbere bamanurwa rimwe gusa, muri 2017.

## Ibikombe bya champiyona  7

* 1968:  kiyovu siporo (kigali)
* 1970:  kiyovu siporo (Kigali)
* 1983:  kiyovu siporo (Kigali)
* 1989:  kiyovu siporo (Kigali)
* 1990:  kiyovu siporo (Kigali)
* 1992:  kiyovu siporo (Kigali)
* 1993:  kiyovu siporo (Kigali)

## IGIKOMBE CY’AMAHORO 3

* 1977: kiyovu siporo
* 1984: kiyovu siporo(Kiyovu 3-0 Eclair)
* 1985: kiyovu siporo (Kiyovu 2-1 Etincelle)

## Igikombe kiruta  ibindi 2

* 1987: kiyovu siporo (kiyovu sport fc 2-0 panthére fc )
* 1992: Imikino ya Kiyovu (Kiyovu Sport FC 2-1 Rayon Sport FC)

## Umukino wanyuma wigikombe cyamahoro

* 1995: Kiyovu Sport vs APR FC (APR FC)
* 1996: Kiyovu Sport vs APR FC (APR FC)
* 1997: Kiyovu Sport vs RWANDA FC (RWANDA FC)
* 2019: Kiyovu Sport vs AS Kigali

## Ikipe y'ubu (2021-22)

## Current technical staff

## Reba
Urwanda ntirugikoresha imiheha ya pulasiki

Reta y'uRwanda yaciye ikoreshwa ry 'imihehe ya pulasitiki mu gihe hakozwe igenzura rigaragaza ko iteza umwanda kandi itabora ikaba yangiza ibidukikije n'utunyabuzima tuba mu butaka .

## Imiheha ya pulasitiki
Imihehe ni bimwe mu bikoresho bakoresha mu kunywa byifashishwaga mu makwe muri za hoteli na handi henshi hatandukanye ubu ntibikirangwa ku isoko ry'u Rwanda kuko byangiza ibidukikije sibyo byonyine harimo na amacupa ya pulasiki akoresha rimwe nayo ari kuvanwa kw'isoko .

## Nigute byangiza ibidukikije
Hashingiwe kubushakashatsi bw'ikigo k'igihugu cyirengera ibidukikije REMA hagaragajwe ko ibikoresho bya pulasitiki harimo imiheha na amacupa bikoreshwa inshuro imwe byangiza ibidukikije bitewe n'uburyo bikozemo bituma bitabora .

Byangiza ubutaka ndetse n'urusobe ryudunyabuzima tuba mu butaka sibyo gusa iyo bigeze mu nzuzi biteza umwanda ndetse bikabuza amafi n'ibindi binyabuzima byo mu mazi ubwisanzure ibindi bigapfa .

Muri rusange ibikoresho bikoreshwa rimwe bya pulasitiki sibyiza ku bidukikije n'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima.

## Amashakiro
Gloria Nibagwire

**Gloria Sofa Nibagwire** (yavutse 14 Kanama  1982) Umukinnyi w'umupira   w'amaguru mu Rwanda akaba na kapiteni  w'ikipe y'Igihugu y'abategarugori .

## Nibagwire Mw'ikipe Y'Igihugu.
Nibagwire yatsindiye u Rwanda ku rwego rwo hejuru mu majonjora yo guhatanira igikombe cya Afurika muri 2014 . 

Nibagwire yajyanye n'ikipe Y'Igihugu Yabagore muri Cecafa muri Uganda 2022

## Reba
Rusine

**Rukundo Patrick ni umunyarwenya** wu munyarwanda, umukinnyi wa filime,numunyamakuru kuri *kuri kiss fm Radio*  Yavukiye kandi akurira mu Karere ka Nyarugenge muri Kigali .

## Ubuzima bwambere nuburere
Yavukiye ahitwa mu Gitega iKigali. Atuye mu mujyiKigali.Yize amashuri mato kuri Ecoles primaire des Gitega. He finished
Azwi cyane kwi Zina rya *Rusine* . Yamenyekanye cyane mu gukina nk'umuntu wasinze.
Itäkeskus

**Itäkeskus** (izina mu kinyasuwede: *Östra centrum*) ni akarere ka Helsinki, umurwa mukuru wa Finilande.

Abagera kuri 12 ku ijana by'abaturage bari bafite inkomoko muri Afurika, kikaba cyari umugabane munini w'uturere twose twa Helsinki.
Imbabura za Rondereza

Mu rwego rwo gukoresha ibicanwa bicye cyane cyane ibikomoka ku mashyamba , abashakashatsi na ba rwiyemezamirimo batandukanye bashatse uburyo bakoresha amakara cyangwa inkwi bicye mu buryo bifashisha bategura amafunguro, hari n'ahifashishwa imirasire y'izuba. 

## Ibicanwa muri Rondereza
Sudani y’Amajyepfo

**Sudani y’Amajyepfo** (izina mu cyongereza : *Republic of South Sudan* ) n’igihugu muri Afurika.

* Sudani