Ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina

**Ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina** (nanone ryitwa **ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina**  [ a ] cyangwa **ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina** ) ni ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina mu bukungu n’imibereho rishingiye ku gitsina ku bantu kubera igitsina cyangwa igitsina. Nuburyo bukoreshwa mugukoresha imyitozo yumubiri cyangwa amategeko kugirango yimure abantu kumyanya iyobowe.  Intiti y’abagore, Phyllis Chesler, umwarimu w’imyororokere n’ubushakashatsi bw’umugore, asobanura ko iki kibazo ari "imikorere yamagana abakobwa n’abagore kubaho mu buryo butandukanye kandi butegekwa kandi bigatuma abahungu n’abagabo babarinda burundu ubudakemwa bw’abavandimwe babo".  Ingero zishingiye ku ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina ntiziganisha gusa ku mibereho n’ubukungu by’ubukungu ku bantu, ariko birashobora no kuviramo ingaruka mbi ku mubiri. 

### Etymology
Ijambo "ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina" rikomoka kuri Afurika y'Epfo ivangura rishingiye ku moko ryashyizeho gahunda yo kuba hejuru y'abazungu ( Afrikaans   ) no gutandukanya abaturage benshi biganjemo abirabura n'abazungu.  Abanyafurika bavuga "gutandukana" cyangwa "gutandukana", gukoresha ijambo "ivanguramoko" mu kwerekana uburinganire byerekana ihohoterwa ry'uburenganzira bwa muntu rikubiyemo gutandukana no gukandamizwa.  Mu gusobanura ivanguramoko, Dr. Anthony Löwstedt yaranditse ati:

Igitekerezo cyo gutandukana ubwacyo ntigisobanura byanze bikunze ko itsinda iryo ariryo ryose cyangwa rizashyigikirwa kurenza ayandi yose ... Ikiranga umwihariko wa apartheid ndetse nubundi bwoko bw’amacakubiri akandamiza ni uko politiki, ubukungu, imibereho, ndetse n’imiterere y’akarere byashyizweho ku bushake kandi kuri gahunda hagamijwe gutandukanya amatsinda ku gahato, buri gihe ku nyungu, byibuze, rimwe na rimwe, cyangwa inyungu, mu gihe gito, ariko ku nyungu z’igihe gito, ariko ku nyungu z’igihe gito, ariko ku nyungu z’igihe gito, ariko zikaba ari inyungu z’igihe gito, ariko zikaba ari inyungu z’igihe gito, ariko zikaba ari inyungu z’igihe gito, ariko zikaba ari inyungu z’igihe gito, ariko ku nyungu z’igihe gito, ariko zikaba ari inyungu z’igihe gito, ariko zikaba ari inyungu z’igihe gito. 

Ivanguramoko rishingiye ku gitsina ni ibintu rusange kandi ntibigarukira mu gihugu runaka. Mu gihe raporo z’ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina zagaragaye cyane mu rwego rw’umuco wa kisilamu, ziriganje ku isi. Bamwe mu baharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu bavuze ko ibihano bifatirwa ibihugu bikoresha ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina, kimwe n'ibihano byafatiwe Afurika y'Epfo muri apartheid.  

### Mu idini
Ingero zishingiye ku ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina zagaragaye mu nzego binyuze mu bikorwa by’amadini n’umuco. Kurugero, ingingo zijyanye no gufata abagore mubisobanuro byibanze byubuyisilamu, ubukirisitu, idini rya kiyahudi, n’ababuda byasobanuwe ko ari ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina. Gukoresha kwizera, akenshi binyuze mu gusobanura byimazeyo amategeko y’idini, kugira ngo ushimangire ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina ntivugwaho rumwe.

### Gatolika
Ijambo ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina n’ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina ryakoreshejwe kandi mu gusobanura uburyo butandukanye bwo gufata abagore mu bigo nka Kiliziya y’Ubwongereza  na Kiliziya Gatolika ya Roma . Minisitiri wa Peresibiteriyeni akaba n'umwanditsi Patricia Budd Kepler yerekana urugamba rw’abagore mu rwego rwo kwemerera abapadiri ndetse n’ubuyobozi bw’amadini nk’urugero rw’ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina. By'umwihariko, Kepler aranenga imyumvire gakondo y’ubugabo n’umugore igabanya ubutware bw’umugore mu itorero, ashimangira ko ahubwo kwinjira mu bagore bidahungabanya gahunda z’Imana.  Mu buryo nk'ubwo, umwanditsi Susan D. Rose asobanura imiterere y'imiryango y'abakurambere b'amatorero ya gikirisitu y'ivugabutumwa muri Amerika nko gukomeza ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina. 

Kiliziya Gatolika ya Roma yagaragaye ko ikomeje ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina bitewe na Vatikani yashyize ku rutonde rwa "kugerageza kwera umugore" nka *graviora ya delicta* - mu yandi magambo, icyaha cyo guhagararirwa kimwe no gusambanya abana bato, no "gushaka, gutunga cyangwa gukwirakwiza porunogarafiya [y’umwana] n’umunyamadini". [    

### Islamu

Idini rya kisilamu ryanenzwe kubera ivangura ry’imiterere bwite n’amategeko ahana nk’abagore.  Indangagaciro z'abakurambere ba Islamu zikomeje kuba imwe mu mahame yarwanijwe cyane, ukurikije amashuri atandukanye . Mubisanzwe ariko, uburenganzira bwumugabo numugore buratandukanye cyane ukurikije amategeko yimiterere ya kisilamu.  Urugero, abagabo b’abayisilamu bemerewe kwishora mu gushaka abagore benshi no kurongora abadamu b’abayisilamu mu gihe abagore b’abayisilamu babujijwe kugira abagabo benshi no kurongora abagabo batari Abayisilamu,     kandi umurage w’abagore ni kimwe cya kabiri cy’abo bavukana. &#x5B; *<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">kandi</span>* &#x5D; ukwemezwa n’ubucamanza mpanabyaha bwa kisilamu kurushaho kuvangura abagore, kuko bishingiye cyane ku buhamya bw’abatangabuhamya. Ubuhamya bw'umugore bwonyine bufatwa nk'ibidahagije kugira ngo ushinje umwicanyi, bisaba ubuhamya bw'umugabo kugira ngo bwemeze. 

Kwubahiriza kwiyoroshya mu mibonano mpuzabitsina no kwambara neza ku bagabo n’abagore b’abayisilamu bigenwa n’ubuvanganzo bwa *ḥadīth* na *suna* (ibikorwa n’amagambo bitirirwa umuhanuzi wa kisilamu Muhammad na bagenzi be);  imyitozo yo gutwikira ku gahato igaragara mu turere tumwe na tumwe nk'uburyo bwa apartheid.  Imyitozo yo gutwikira ku gahato, nk'uko Shahrzad Mojab abivuga, ntabwo biterwa n’amategeko ayo ari yo yose ya kisilamu; ahubwo, Shahrzad avuga "imyitozo yazamutse mu bihe bitandukanye".  Imyambarire yashyizweho muri Afuganisitani ku butegetsi bw’abatalibani n’ishuri risaba abakobwa kwambara igitambaro cyatanzwe nkurugero rwo kwitwikira ku gahato.       Mu mateka y’imyaka itanu ya Emirate ya kisilamu ya Afuganisitani, ubutegetsi bw’abatalibani bwasobanuye amategeko ya *Shariya* hakurikijwe ishuri rya Hanafi ry’ubucamanza bwa kisilamu n’amategeko y’idini ya Mullah Omar .  Abagore babujijwe gukora,  abakobwa babujijwe kujya mu mashuri cyangwa muri kaminuza,  basabwe kubahiriza *purdah* no kujyana hanze y’ingo zabo na bene wabo b'abagabo; abarenga kuri aya mabwiriza barahanwe.  Abagabo babujijwe kogosha ubwanwa kandi basabwa kubareka bagakura kandi bakagumana igihe kirekire nk'uko Abatalibani babishaka, no kwambara ibitambaro hanze y’ingo zabo.  

Uharanira uburenganzira bw'umugore, Mahnaz Afkhami yanditse ko imyumvire y'isi ya kisilamu "itandukanya imiterere y'abagore n'imibanire ye na sosiyete nk'ikizamini gikomeye cyerekana ko gahunda ya kisilamu ari ukuri." Ibi bigereranywa ninzego za *purdah* (gutandukanya umubiri kubitsina) na *awrah* (guhisha umubiri imyenda). Kimwe no mu bihugu byinshi ku isi, ibigo bikandamiza abagore byagendaga bidakomera kugeza mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20. ​​​​​Yavuze ko andi madini na yo "yiboneye intambara nk'izo." 

Idini rya Kiyahudi rya Haredi, rizwi kandi ku idini rya Kiyahudi ryitwa ultra-orotodogisi, ryanenzwe gushyiraho politiki n'imyizerere ishingiye ku gitsina.   Igizwe n’abantu bake ariko bakomeje kwiyongera mu muco w’Abayahudi, idini rya Kiyahudi rya Haredi ryamamaye nk’umuryango w’intiti, aho umubare munini w’abagabo bakomeza amashuri yabo muri yeshiva kurusha abagore bo mu iseminari.  Abakurikira idini rya Kiyahudi rya Haredi na bo baratandukanye kubera imyambarire yabo ndetse n’imiterere rusange: ubwanwa bwogosha, amakoti maremare yijimye, n'ingofero nini cyane ku bagabo; n'abagore bitwikiriye mu buryo bworoheje.  Ibirego bishingiye ku ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina byerekana umuco wo gukandamiza umuco no gutandukanya igitsina, ndetse no kwerekana abadayimoni nk'igishuko.  Byongeye kandi, amashusho rusange y’abagore yandujwe mu baturage ba Haredi, kandi abakobwa b’Abayahudi bakiri bato batewe amacandwe kandi bitwa indaya kubera kwambara imyenda ifatwa nk'iyiyubashye.  Raporo zerekana ko ahanini abayoboke b’ibanze ba Haredi aribo bashinzwe ibikorwa by’ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina, kandi ko umuryango wa Haredi muri rusange udashyigikiye ibyo bikorwa. 

Ibikorwa by'Abayahudi b'ibanze Haredi muri Isiraheli byiswe ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina.  Mugihe abagore basanzwe bicara inyuma ya bisi mu bice bya Isiraheli, nta tegeko ryemewe ribishyira mu bikorwa. Icyakora, ikintu kimwe cyabaye mu Kuboza 2011 aho umugabo wa Haredi yasabye umugore wicaye imbere ya bisi kugenda yerekeza inyuma; nyuma yo kwangwa kwe kwateje igiterane kinini. Gutabara kwa polisi amaherezo byatandukanije guhangana. Ku bijyanye n'iki gikorwa, Minisitiri w’intebe wa Isiraheli, Benjamin Netanyahu, yatangaje ko ashyigikiye ahantu rusange hahurira abantu bose n’ubumwe mu baturage.  Hari kandi amakuru avuga ko Abayahudi ba Haredi baciriye amacandwe ku bagore, bagaba igitero ku bakozi ba televiziyo, kandi bakigaragambya bafite ibyapa byigisha abagore kwambara no kwirinda kugenda mu masinagogi . 

### idini rya kiyahudi

Amashuri amwe y'Ababuda bo muri Tibet  bisaba abagore gutunganya mumaseminari nubundi buryo bwo gusenga nyuma yabagabo. &#x5B; *<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span>* &#x5D; Baratandukanijwe kandi nabagabo mugihe cyibi bihe nibindi bihe byinshi; kurugero, guterana kumugaragaro no gusangira, cyane cyane iyo ibyo bibaye imbere yumumonaki mukuru. Hariho &#x5D; *<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">ibimenyetso</span>* &#x5B; byerekana abagabo n'abagore, harimo n'abagabo n'abagore - bahatirwa gufata ubwikorezi butandukanye mu bihe bimwe na bimwe by'Ababuda.  ndetse no gusabwa kuguma mubyumba bya hoteri bitandukanye iyo babitabye. 

### Inyigo
Ibihugu byinshi ku isi byerekana ibikorwa by’ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina, nubwo bikunze kugaragara mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere. Ibikurikira n’ibihugu byavuzwe ko byakoresheje urugero runaka rw’ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina.

### Afuganisitani
Afuganisitani, iyobowe n’amadini y’abatalibani, yaranzwe n’amatsinda y’abagore n’abandi nka gahunda y’ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina aho abagore batandukanijwe n’abagabo ku karubanda kandi ntibashobora kubona ubwisanzure mu by'amategeko cyangwa amahirwe angana yo kubona akazi cyangwa amashuri.   Bahagurukiye ku butegetsi mu mpera za 1996, abatalibani bashimangiye amahanga kubera gufata abagore, ashyiraho politiki yabuzaga ubwisanzure bw’abagore bwo kugenda, akazi, n’uburenganzira bwo kwiga.  Ku butegetsi bw’abatalibani, abagore bari mu kaga ko gufungwa no guhohoterwa ku mubiri baramutse bahamwe n’icyaha cyo kuba barenze ku myambarire yashyizweho, hamwe n’ihohoterwa ryarimo: kwerekana amaboko, ukuboko, ibirenge, cyangwa mu maso; kutambara burka; no kwambara ibintu bigaragara ko bibabaje, urugero amasogisi yera / inkweto, imyenda ya stilish, inkweto zitera urusaku mugihe ugenda. 

Muri Kamena 2023, Umunyamabanga wihariye w’umuryango w’abibumbye ku bijyanye n’uburenganzira bwa muntu muri Afuganisitani, Richard Bennett, yabwiye akanama k’uburenganzira bwa muntu i Geneve ku bijyanye n’ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina muri Afuganisitani. 

### Irani
Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 20 no mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 21 muri Irani, uburenganzira bw'umugore bwarahagaritswe cyane, ugereranije n'ubwa mu bihugu byinshi byateye imbere. Raporo y’Ihuriro ry’Ubukungu ku Isi mu mwaka wa 2017 Raporo y’Uburinganire ku Isi yashyize Irani 140, mu bihugu 144, kubera uburinganire. Muri 2017, muri Irani, igitsina gore cyari kigizwe na 19% gusa mu bakozi bahembwa, bikiyongera ku gipimo cya karindwi  guhera mu 1990. Ugereranije n’utundi turere two muri , abagore bo muri Irani bafite uburyo bwiza bwo kubona konti y’imari, uburezi, na terefone zigendanwa.  : 16 Irani yashyizwe ku mwanya wa 116, mu bihugu 153, mu bijyanye n'ivangura rikorerwa abagore.  : 16 

### Maleziya
Mu mwaka wa 2006, Marina Mahathir, umukobwa w’uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’intebe wa Maleziya akaba n’umukangurambaga uharanira uburenganzira bw’umugore, yavuze ko imiterere y’abagore b’abayisilamu muri Maleziya isa n’iy'Abirabura bo muri Afurika y'Epfo birabura ivangura.   Amagambo ya Marina yavuzwe asubiza itegeko rishya rya kisilamu ryemerera abagabo gutandukana cyangwa gufata abagore bagera kuri bane. Amategeko kandi yahaye abagabo uburenganzira ku mutungo w'abagore babo.  Amatsinda y’aba conservateurs nk’ihuriro ry’abakozi b’abayisilamu bo muri Maleziya yanenze amagambo ye yo gutuka Shariya no gutesha agaciro uruhare rukomeye rw’abagore muri Maleziya ugereranije n’ibindi bihugu by’abayisilamu n’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya. 

### Pakisitani
Umuryango wa Pakisitani wasobanuwe ko ukoresha ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina bitewe n’imiterere y’abagore mu nzego za politiki, ubukungu, n’imibereho. Urugero, itegeko ry’abenegihugu ryo mu 1951 ribuza abagore bo muri Pakisitani bafite abagabo b’abanyamahanga kubona ubwenegihugu bwa Pakisitani.  Itandukaniro rishingiye ku gitsina mu bikorwa by’ubukungu, uburezi no gusoma, no kugereranya imibonano mpuzabitsina mu baturage na byo byavuzwe nkikimenyetso cy’ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina muri Pakisitani. 

Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwerekana ko uruhare rw’uburinganire muri sosiyete ya Pakisitani rwanduzwa binyuze mu bitabo by’amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye, wirengagije gushyira abagore b’ingenzi mu mateka n’ubushakashatsi bw’imibereho. Ivangura rishingiye  rero rishyirwaho binyuze mu nyandiko n'amashusho aho abagore bakoreshwa imirimo yo mu rugo kandi ntibakunze kugaragara ko bakorera hanze y'urugo. Byongeye kandi, kubijyanye na kamere n'imiterere, igitsina gabo nigitsina gore kirangwa nkibihabanye bitandukanye: mugihe abagore "ari ubusa, ibicucu nubucucu", abagabo "bafite ubwenge, intwari kandi bakomeye".  Kubera iyo mpamvu, uruhare rw’uburinganire rwashimangiye kandi rukomeza ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina.

Imbaraga zo guhagarika ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina zakozwe binyuze muri politiki nk’umushinga w’itegeko rirengera abagore, washyizweho n’Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Pakisitani mu Kuboza  Mbere, Amategeko ya Hudood yari impaka zishingiye ku miterere yabo idahwitse no kuvuga ko bagandukira abagore mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko.  Urugero, abahohotewe n’abakobwa bashobora guhamwa n’icyaha ko gufata ku ngufu ari ubusambanyi n’ubusambanyi niba bitagaragaye ukundi. 

### Arabiya Sawudite

Imikorere ya Arabiya Sawudite ku bijyanye n’abagore yagiye ivugwa ko ari ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina.   Abagore babujijwe gutwara kandi **' &#x5B; &#x5D;</sup> kugirango bagende. [[:en:Commission_for_the_Promotion_of_Virtue_and_the_Prevention_of_Vice|Komisiyo ishinzwe guteza imbere ingeso nziza no gukumira Visi]] igenzura ishyirwa  ry’ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina mu mibereho y’abaturage ba Arabiya Sawudite; kuvanga bitemewe hagati yimibonano mpuzabitsina bihanwa bikomeye. Gahunda y’uburezi yo muri Arabiya Sawudite kandi ishyira mu bikorwa uruhare rw’uburinganire mu kwigisha ko kugandukira abagore kuvuka ku bagore.  Vuba aha, hashyizweho uburyo bushya bw’ikoranabuhanga bugabisha abarinzi b’abagabo binyuze mu nyandiko igihe abategarugori babo bava mu gihugu.  Muri rusange, abagore bo muri Arabiya Sawudite bafite uburenganzira bwemewe n’abana bato kandi ntibashobora gufata ibyemezo bikomeye, urugero nko mu burezi, mu kazi, no mu buvuzi, batabanje kubiherwa uruhushya na mwene wabo w’umugabo. 

Gutesha agaciro abagore muri societe yo muri Arabiya Sawudite byateje igitutu kinini haba mu gihugu ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Iterambere rya vuba ryagaragaye bitewe n’impeshyi [[:en:Arab_Spring|y’abarabu]] n’imyigaragambyo [[:en:2011–2012_Saudi_Arabian_protests|y’Abarabu yo muri Arabiya Sawudite 2011–2012]], nk’umwami [[:en:Abdullah_of_Saudi_Arabia|Abdullah]] yahaye [[:en:Women's_suffrage|uburenganzira bw’abagore]] mu [[:en:Saudi_Arabian_municipal_elections,_2015|matora y’amakomine ya 2015]] .  Byongeye kandi, Arabiya Sawudite nayo yakuyeho amategeko abuza gukoresha moto n’amagare n’abagore; abategarugori barashobora noneho gutwara igare ahantu runaka niba bambaye neza muri [[:en:Abaya|abaya]] kandi biherekejwe numurinzi wumugabo. 

=== Imibereho ===
Intiti n’abarwanashyaka bose banenze amategeko mpuzamahanga kubera ko adafite gahunda n’ibikorwa rusange mu kumenya ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe by’ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina no kugira ngo bikumirwe.  Nk’uko aba banegura babivuga, [[:en:Cultural_relativism|ivangura rishingiye ku muco]] ryakunze kuba intandaro yo kurengera ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina, mu rwego rwo kurinda ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore guhinduka no guhirika ubutegetsi. Imvugo ikikije ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina nayo yafashwe nabi nkuburyo bwa [[:en:Neocolonialism|neocolonialism]] ikomeza imyumvire ya Islamu.   Igisubizo cy’umuryango [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|w’abibumbye]] ku ihohoterwa ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu bw’abatalibani ryakorewe abagore muri Afuganisitani, cyaganiriweho cyane. Bamwe bavuga ko Loni "itananiwe gukumira gusa, nyuma ikaza no kuba umuntu urwanya politiki y’uburinganire bw’ubutegetsi bw’abatalibani, ariko ko mu by'ukuri yarimo ivangura rikorerwa abagore mu nkunga z’ubutabazi no mu gushaka abakozi baho." 

Mu 1997, [[:en:Feminist_Majority_Foundation|Feminist Majority Foundation]] (FMF) yatangije ubukangurambaga bwo guhagarika ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina muri Afuganisitani, ahamagarira abantu ihohoterwa ry'uburenganzira bwa muntu rikorerwa abagore bayobowe n’abatalibani.  Yamaganwe kuba yarateje imbere "feminism feminism" no kuba afite imvugo ikoreshwa yamagana Islam ko ari mbi.  Nyuma y’ubutegetsi bw’abatalibani baguye, ubukangurambaga bwaragutse kandi buhindurwamo izina kugira ngo babe ubukangurambaga ku bagore n’abakobwa bo muri Afuganisitani. Iyobowe na [[:en:Mavis_Leno|Mavis Leno]] kandi igamije gukomeza gukangurira abantu ubusumbane muri Afuganisitani. 

Ubukangurambaga bwa ''No Women, No Play'' bwatangijwe mu 2009 na gahunda ya Hadi Al Mutif ishinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu mu kigo gishinzwe ibibazo by’ikigobe hagamijwe gukemura ibibazo by’umugore muri Arabiya Sawudite. Ubukangurambaga bugamije kubuza Arabiya Sawudite mu [[:en:Olympics|mikino Olempike]] kugeza igihe izemerera abagore <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">muri</span>'' &#x5D;</sup> Sawudite kwitabira siporo.  Mu gitabo cyayo, [[:en:International_Olympic_Committee|Komite mpuzamahanga y'imikino Olempike]] (IOC) itangaza ko kwitabira ibikorwa bya siporo ari uburenganzira bwa muntu. Usibye ubukangurambaga bwa ''No Women, No Play'', indi miryango nka [[:en:Human_Rights_Watch|Human Rights Watch]] yerekeje rubanda muri Arabiya Sawudite kubera ko <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">**' &#x5D; &#x5B; . 

Ku bijyanye n'ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina muri Gatolika y'Abaroma by'umwihariko, Abapadiri b'Abagatolika b'Abaroma (RCWP) bashinze kugira ngo basuzugure imyanya y'itorero ryabuzaga ishyirwaho ry'abagore.  Kuva iryo tsinda rimaze kubona ikindi cyifuzo cyo gusohora inyandiko *[[:en:Pink_Smoke_over_the_Vatican|ya Pink Smoke ya 2011 kuri Vatikani]]* . 

### Reba kandi

* Urutonde rwabagore bose
* Apartheid (amategeko yo muri Afrika yepfo)
* Athos, agace k'Ubugereki aho abagore batemerewe
* Amasezerano yerekeye guca burundu ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose rikorerwa abagore
* Gutema igitsina gore
* Femicide
* Amacakubiri y'abagore
* Uburinganire
* Gutandukanya uburinganire
* Raporo yuburinganire bwisi yose
* Ubugabo bwa Hegemonic
* Misogyny
* Okinoshima, ikirwa cy'Ubuyapani aho abagore batemerewe
* Gutandukanya igitsina
* Imibonano mpuzabitsina
* Ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore
* Umwanya wabagore gusa

### Inyandiko