open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Igiswahili

**Igiswahili** cyangwa **Igiswahiri** (na **igiswayili** cyangwa **igiswayiri**) ni ururimi rwa Kenya, Tanzaniya, Ubugande, Rwanda, Burundi na Zayire. Itegekongenga ISO 639-3 **swa**.

Ururimi rw’igiswahiri ni rumwe mu ruzahuza abaturage benshi batuye mu Bihugu 5 bigeze Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba EAC aribyo u Burundi n’u Rwanda. Nubwo ibyo Bihugu bifite amateka amwe ariko bikaba bitandukanywa n’uburyo byakoronejwe, ibyo bigatuma bivuga indimi zitandukanye cyane cyane icyongereza kivugwa mu Bihugu bitatu byakoronijwe n’abongereza aribyo Uganda, Kenya na Tanzaniya, naho u Burundi n’u Rwanda byakoronijwe n’u Bubiligi bikavuga Igifaransa, usanga ururimi rw’igiswahili ari rwo abaturage benshi abize n’abatize bahuriraho mu buzima bwa buri munsi akaba ari narwo rurimi ruvugwa cyane mu mibanire y’abatuye EAC cyane cyane urwo rurimi rukaba rukoreshwa mu bucuruzi, mu muziki, mu mikino, mu madini n’ahandi, naho igifaransa n’icyongereza bikavugwa mu buzimam mu buyobozi.

Mu rwego mpuzamahanga, Igiswahili gifata intera kirushaho gukoreshwa dore ko ubu kibarirwa mu ndimi zigenda zirushaho kuvugwa n’abantu benshi cyane cyane mu nganda, ubuhahirane n’ubucuruzi.

Izo mpamvu zose nizo zatumye ikinyamakuru Izuba Rirashye ryegereye Abanyarwanda batandukanye mu duce twose tw’Igihugu, mu rwego rwo kumenya uko bafata urwo rurimi n’uruhare babona rwagira mu kuzahuza abatuye EAC, dore ko unasanga Abanyarwanda batari bake bavuga Igiswahili.

## Imyandikire y’igiswayire
Igiswayire kigizwe n'inyuguti 24 : a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w y z
:inyajwi 5 : a e i o u
:ingombajwi 26 : b ch d dh f g gh h j k kh l m n ng’ ny p r s sh t th v w y z 
:ibihekane : mb mv mw nd ng nj nz




## Wikipediya mu giswahili
*http://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwanzo

## Imiyoboro
* http://www.izuba.org.rw/index.php?issue=120&article=1725
Ay’urukundo (filimi)

filimi **Ay’urukundo** 

Nk’uko twabitangarijwe na Willy Ndahiro, filimi amosozi y’urukundo yaje kwitwa Ay’urukundo mu minsi mike irerekanwa ku mugaragaro, uyu Willy akaba ariwe wayikoze afatanyije na Stave Ntasi, ni filimi imara isaha n’igice ikaba ivuga inkuru y’umusore wigaga i mahanga waje gukundwa n’umwali bahuriyeyo, umusore ntiyamukunda kubera ingeso zitari nziza uwo mwali yari afite. amasomo arangiye baratashye, umusore abenguka undi mwali wari umunyuze ariko uwo bavanye i mahanga bimutera ishyali rimukoresha ibyaje gutuma akurikiranwa n’ubuyobozi.
Sekiriko (filimi)

**Sekiriko** ni filimi nyarwanda ya *comedy* (zimwe zisetsa abantu), imaze gukorwa na Emma entertainment God with us, ikigkorwa cyo kuyitunganye kikaba cyararangiye kuwa 23 Ugushyingo uyu mwaka.
Machete (filimi)

**Machete** ni imwe muri filimi zitegerejwe cyane, ikaba izagaragara bwa mbere ku ya 3 ugushyingo uyu mwaka turimo. ikaba ari filimi iri gukorwa na Robert Rodriguez afatanije na Ethan Maniquis. bakaba baritabaje Danny Trejo, Michelle Rodriguez na Jessica Alba ku myanya y’ibanze. iyi filimi ikazaba iri mu bwoko bwa Action, ikazaba ifite igihe cy'isaha 1 n’iminota 45, aho izaba ibara inkuru y’imipanga n’umucamanza w’umunya Mexique.
Hotel Rwanda

Iyi ni film yitwa

Paul Rusesabagina ni  umunyarwanda uvugwa muri **Filimi yitwa [[Hôtel Rwanda]]** aho bavuga ko yagiriye neza impunzi zari zarahungiye muri Hotel yari akuriye yitwa Mille Collines mu gihe cya Jenoside y’Abatutsi muri Mata 1994. 

Amakuru dukesha urubuga rwa RNA aravuga ko uyu mugabo wakinnye muri iriya film afite 

izina rya Rusesabagina Paul aho yabashije gukiza abantu batagira ingano muri Hôtel des Milles Collines, nkuko bigaragara muri iyo film, azaba ari mu Rwanda kuwa 05/06/2010, akazaba ari ku munsi mpuzamahanga w’ibidukikije.

Tubamenyeshe ko Don Cheadle yavuze hirya no hino ibijyanye no kurengera ibidukikije, akanasaba abayobozi b’ibihugu gusinya amasezerano ajyanye no kurwanya ibyuka buhumanya ikirere, aha hakaba ariho Umuryango w’abibumbye wahereye umuha uriya mwanya w’icyubahiro.

Nta gushidikanya ko filimi “Hotel Rwanda” yamenyekanishije jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 kurusha uko ibindi bitangazamakuru byo ku isi yose byabikoze. Iyo filimi yakozwe na Hollywood igakinwa n’abakinnyi bakomeye kandi b’ibirangirire, yazengurutse isi, imenyekanisha jenoside.

Mu by’ukuri ni imfashanyigisho iboneye yo kwifashisha mu gutanga amasomo kuri jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi isi yose irebereye. Twari twishimiye ko Abanyaburayi, Abanyamerika, Abanyaziya n’Abanyafurika bo mu byiciro binyuranye bose bashaka kumenya jenoside, kwitandukanya n’abakoze icyo cyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu no kumenya ukuntu batereranywe n’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga. Twizeraga ko ibi bizatuma ntibizongere ukundi batahwemye gusubiramo nyuma ya jenoside y’Abayahudi, iba ukuri koko.

Iyo filimi ivuga muri make ku mpamvu zateye jenoside, ari ukuvangura no guhindura Abatutsi ba nyirabayazana b’ibibi byose, ibi akaba ari na byo byorohereje Abahutu b’intagondwa gukora jenoside.

Iyo filimi kandi igaragaza ko habayeho Abahutu b’intwari bitandukanyije n’ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside, bakarokora bamwe mu benegihugu b’Abatutsi. Umwe muri abo bantu bavugwa akaba yaba ari Paul Rusesabagina, ugaragazwa nk’intwari muri iyo filimi. 

Atangira ingendo ze, Paul Rusesabagina yubahirizaga intego ya filimi, ari yo kumenyekanisha jenoside y’Abatutsi no gutandukanya abajenosideri b’Abahutu n’abandi Banyarwanda ndetse no kwemera intwari, nk’uko Rusesabagina yerekanwa muri iyo filimi. Nyamara, uko yumvaga agenda atumbagira mu ikuzo, Paul Rusesabagina yatangiye gufata undi murongo no kwigisha ibindi bintu bitandukanye n’ubworoherane n’ubwiyunge. Ubwo atangira gukwirakwiza inyigisho zipfobya/zihakana iyo jenoside yakagombye gusobanura.

Uko twagiye dukurikirana ibiganiro bye, twasanze agenda ateshuka cyane ku ntego nkuru ya filimi, ibyo bikaba bishobora gushegesha imitima ya benshi, cyane cyane mu rubyiruko rwari rwaramaze kwishyiramo ko ku isi habonetse intwari nyakuri. Dore zimwe mu ngingo dushaka kugaragaza amazi atari yarenga inkombe.

## Umuziki

## Imiyoboro
* Paul Rusesabagina, Itwari cyangwa umutekamutwe ? Dr Jean Kamanzi, Mutarama 2006
* Don Cheadle wakinnye film ‘Hotel Rwanda’ yagizwe ambasaderi wa Loni ushinzwe ibidukikije
Igiceceni

**Igiceceni** (izina mu giceceni: *Нохчийн мотт* cyangwa *Noxçiyn mott*) ni ururimi rw’abaceceni na rwa Ceceniya. Itegekongenga ISO 639-3 **che**.

## umugereka – ubuke
 
* **арц** – **аьрцнаш** umusozi – imisozi 
* **мотт** – **меттанаш** ururimi – indimi
* **бутт** – **беттанаш** ukwezi – amezi
* **йоI** – **мехкарий** umukobwa – abakobwa 
* **бож** – **бежалой** ihene – ihene
* **етт** – **хьелий** inka – inka

## Amagambo n’interuro mu giceceni
* **Муха ду гIуллакхаш?** – Amakuru? 
* **Баркалла** – Ni meza 
* **ХIаъ** – Yego
* **ХIан-хIа** – Oya

## Imibare
* **цхьаъ** – rimwe
* **шиъ** – kabiri
* **кхоъ** – gatatu
* **диъ** – kane
* **пхиъ** – gatanu
* **йалх** – gatandatu
* **ворхI** – karindwi
* **бархI** – umunani
* **исс** – icyenda
* **итт** – icumi

## Alfabeti y’igiceceni

## Wikipediya mu giceceni
* https://web.archive.org/web/20130424193228/http://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%8C%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B3I%D0%BE
Icyabukaziyani

**Abukaziyani**  

, officially the **Republic of** **abukazinia**, is a transcontinental country located mainly in Anatolia (Western Asia), with a smaller portion in East Thrace (Southeast Europe). 

Key Facts

* **Capital City:** Ankara
* **Largest City:** Istanbul (the only city in the world to span two continents)
* **Population:** Approximately 85 million

(izina mu abukaziyani: *аҧсуа бызшәа* cyangwa *аҧсшәа*) ni ururimi rwa Abukaziya na Turukiya. 

## umugereka – ubuke
-қәа
* **абыраҟ** – **абыраҟқәа** ibendera – amabendera 
* **аҵла** – **аҵлақәа** igiti – ibiti
* **аҧсыӡ** – **аҧсыӡқәа** ifi – amafi
* **ажьа** – **ажьақәа** urukwavu – inkwavu

* **ахыҧхьаӡара** – umubare
* **ахыҧхьаӡарақәа** – imibare
* **акы** – rimwe
* **ҩба** – kabiri
* **хҧа** – gatatu
* **ҧшьба** – kane
* **хуба** – gatanu
* **фба** – gatandatu
* **быжьба** – karindwi
* **ааба** – umunani
* **жәба** – icyenda
* **жәаба** – icumi
* **жәеиза** – cumi na rimwe
* **жәеҩа** – cumi na kaviri
* **жәаха** – cumi na gatatu
* **жәиҧшь** – cumi na kane
* **жәыху** – cumi na gatanu
* **жәаф** – cumi na gatandatu
* **жәибжь** – cumi na karindwi
* **жәаа** – cumi n’umunani
* **зеижә** – cumi n’icyenda
* **ҩажәа** – makumyabiri
* **ҩажәеи акы** – makumyabiri na rimwe
* **ҩажәеи ҩба** – makumyabiri na kaviri
* **ҩажәеи хҧа** – makumyabiri na 

## Wikipediya mu cyabukaziyani
* http://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ихадоу_адаҟьа
Alexandre Kimenyi

Dr. **Alexandre Kimenyi** avuka i Rwanda. Ni umwe mu bagize amahirwe yo kwiga amashuri makuru mu gihe cye. Mu mwaka w’1971 nibwo yagiye kwiga muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Ntiyabashije kugaruka mu Rwanda, bityo n’abo yahasize ntibongeye guhura nawe ukundi, benshi muri bo bahitanywe na Jenoside. Yaje kubona ubwenegihugu bwa Amerika, akomerezayo imirimo ye nk’umwarimu w’indimi n’Ubuvanganzo.

Mu buzima bwe, yafashe umwanya munini wo gutekereza, kwiga no gukora ubushakashatsi ku mahano n’ubugome ndengakamere ikiremwamuntu kigirira ikindi hirya no hino ku isi. Yatangiye no gutegura inyigisho (*courses/lectures*) zibyerekeyeho. Yanyuze mu nzira z’inzitane kugira ngo abashe kurangiza amashuri ye nk’uko yabyifuzaga.

## Imiyoboro
*Uwo mudahuje ibitekerezo si umwanzi, mutege ugutwi- Umurage dusigiwe na Prof KIMENYI
Ikimokisha

**Ikimokisha** (izina mu kimokisha: *мокшень кяль* cyangwa *mokshanj kälj* ) ni ururimi rw’abamokisha na rwa Morodoviya. Itegekongenga ISO 639-3 **mdf**.

## Alfabeti y’ikimokisha
Ikimokisha kigizwe n’inyuguti 33 : а б в г д е ё ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я





## umugereka – ubuke
 
***ляй** &ndash; **ляйхть** uruzi &ndash; inzuzi   
***кал** &ndash; **калхт** ifi &ndash; amafi
***кяль** &ndash; **кяльхне** ururimi &ndash; indimi
***пине** &ndash; **пинет** imbwe &ndash; imbwe
***нармонь** &ndash; **нармоттне** inyoni &ndash; inyoni

## Amagambo n'interuro mu kimokisha
* **Кода тонь лемце?** – Witwa nde?
* **Монь лемозе ... ** – Nitwa ... 
* **Пара азан** – Murakoze
* **Пара** – Meza
* **Ина / Эле** – Yego
* **Аш** – Oya
* **аля** &ndash; umugabo 
* **ава** &ndash; umugore 
* **лем** &ndash; izina
* **куд** &ndash; inzu
* **лофца** &ndash; amata
* **акша** &ndash; umweru

## Imibare
* **фкя** &ndash; rimwe
* **кафта** &ndash; kabiri
* **колма** &ndash; gatatu
* **ниле** &ndash; kane
* **вете** &ndash; gatanu
* **кота** – gatandatu
* **сисем** – karindwi
* **кафкса** – umunani
* **вейхкса** – icyenda
* **кемонь** – icumi

## Wikipediya mu kimokisha
*http://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/Пря_лопа
Umuvugizi (ikinyamakuru)

Umuvugizi: The Voice of Rwanda

**Umuvugizi** is a Rwandan satiric news source. It is a Kinyarwanda bi-monthly newspaper and instant publishing website in both Kinyarwanda and English featuring satirical and sensational articles almost exclusively on political issues and events in Rwanda. Umuvugizi started as a highly critical newspaper but became increasingly erratic and satirical against the Rwandan government, its leadership and the president. 

Together with its sister newspaper, Umuseso, the main focus of their articles was that there was going to be another genocide soon, that Rwanda was undermining the security of its neighbours, that military coups in the country were eminent and so on. It was temporarily suspended in 2010 by the Rwandan Media High Council for "inciting public disorder" and defamation in breach of the media law, and its editor was sentenced to 2 and a half years in prison by the Supreme Court on the same charges.

Since last year (2010) Umuvugizi publishes its satirical articles mostly on its website and its English page started in June 2011. Umuvugizi articles mix both fictional, imagined and real events in and about Rwanda or any world news and information and uses them to justify its claims about leadership failure in the country, conspiracies about leadership corruption, murders and attempted murders by the country's political and military leadership, calls for civil war to change the regime, instilling fear among its readers encouraging Rwandans to flee the country, dissuading Rwandan refugees from returning to their country especially those who live in Europe and the USA etc.

It prefaces all its articles as information from "credible sources". It has recently started to post fictional audio recordings on its website about assassination attempts by the government against its opponents and claims it sources the audio records and other stories from anonymous Rwandan "intelligence agents" and other sources it always does not name "for security reasons."

Umuvugizi articles capitalise on "analysis" - explaining and predicting news and events in Rwanda and never revisits its false claims when the events it tries to link to each other later prove untrue as is always the case. The reach of its current readership is not known, but the news source is ALWAYS critical of the Rwandan government and ALWAYS promotes the views and agenda of foreign and local critics, opposition groups and individuals against Rwanda, and most especially its leadership and politics.
It is also not known if its Rwandan and foreign readership are aware of its highly satirical nature that is saturated with overt elements of rogue political mobilisation.
Mariko Polo

Ubwo **Mariko Polo** (1254 &ndash; 8 Mutarama 1324) yari agarutse mu mugi yari atuyemo wa Venice (soma Venise) nyuma y’imyaka myinshi yari amaze mu Burasirazuba, incuti ze zatekereje ko ingendo ze ndende zatumye aba umusazi. Yababwiye ibitekerezo batashoboye kwizera.

Mariko yari yanyuze mu mugi wuzuyemo ifeza n’izahabu. Yari yarabonye amabuye y’umukara ashya, nyamara nta muntu n’umwe wari warigeze yumva iby’amahindure yaka mu birunga. Yari yarabonye umwenda udashya n’ubwo wawujugunya mu muriro, nyamara nta muntu n’umwe wari warigeze yumva ibya bene iyo myenda bita abestos. Yavuze ibyerekeye ibiyoka binini bifite uburebure bwa metero icumi bifite inzasaya nini cyane ku buryo zishobora kumira umuntu, amatunda afite ubunini bungana n’umutwe w’umuntu kandi akagira imbere hererana nk’amata, n’ibintu bitemba biva mu butaka bishobora gutuma amatara yaka. Nyamara nta muntu n’umwe wari warigeze abona ingona zo mu ruzi, amatunda y’ibiti bya koko (*noix de coco*), cyangwa peteroli. Baramusetse ubwo bumvaga ibyo bitekerezo. Hashize iminsi myinshi ubwo Mariko yari aryamye agiye gupfa, umwe mu ncuti ze utaravugaga rumwe na we wari hafi y’aho yari aryamye yamubwiye kwivuguruza akabwira abari aho ko ibitekerezo yababwiye byose byari ibinyoma.
Gucura k’umugore

## Gucura k'umugore
*Gucura k’umugore*' ni igihe umugore ageze aho atakigira imisemburo mu mubiri we ituma intanga zidakorwa n’umubiri we akaba atashobora gusama.
Gwantanamo

**Gwantanamo**

Mu Burayi no muri Amerika uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu ntibwubahirizwa, mu bigaragaza uburyo ibyo bihugu byigize ikitegererezo cy’uburengenzira bw’ikiremwamuntu ahubwo aribyo bibubangamiye, ni ibikorwa bya kinyamaswa biherutse gukorerwa abanyeshuri bo mu Bwongereza, n’ibikorerwa abaturage b’Ubufaransa na Amerika byerekanwa mu matelevizio bikabonwa n’abantu bose ku isi ariko ntihabe hagira ukopfora.

Ikegeranyo cyakozwe guhera mu mwaka 2001 kugeza ubu, kirerekana ko abantu bagera kuri 334 bamaze kwicwa n’ibikoresho bikoreshwa na polisi ya Amerika mu guhagarika abakora imytigaragambyo. Ibikorwa by’ubugome bukabije abaturage ba Palisitina bakorerwa n’ubutegetsi ruvumwa bw’Abazayuni ba Isiraheri, ubwo butegetsi bumaze imyaka myinshi bwica abaturage b’icyo gihugu urubozo, bashyira mu kato abaturage b’intara ya Gaza, abana n’abagore muri iyo ntara bakaba bicwa n’inzara nta n’imiti ibavura bagira, ariko akaba ntawamagana icyo gihugu, ibyo byose ni urugero rugaragaza ko ikitwa na biriya bihugu uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu ntakindi biricyo uretse urwitwazo bakoresha barwanya uwo bashaka kurwanya, bakanajujubya uwo bashaka kujujubya mu izina ry’uko baharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu.

Abitwaza ko baharanira uburenganzira bw’ikremwamuntu, nibo bitwaza ubwo burengenzira batera ibihugu bikennye no kurasa abaturage babyo bakoresheje intwaro zikomeye, bakica muri ibyo bihugu inzirakarengane zirimo abana, abagore n’abasaza.

Urugero rw’ukuri rw’ibyo tumaze kuvuga ni ikegeranyo cya vuba aha kivuga ko Yuran yakoreshejwe n’ingabo za Amerika mu ntambara irwana muri Iraq na Afuganisitani yatumye muri ibyo bihugu haduka ibyorezo by’indwara zidasanzwe zica benshi muri ibyo bihugu. Icyo kegeranyo cyakomeje kivuga ko muri biriya bihugu Amerika irwanamo, ibirema byiyongera n’abana bavukana uburema bakaba bamaze kuba benshi, ku buryo mu myaka mike iri imbere muri biriya bihugu hazajya havuka abana bake badafite ubusembwa batewe n’intwaro zikoreshwa mu mirwano ihabera.

Muri ako kanya Amerika iba iri kubangamira uburengenzira bw’ikiremwamuntu, iba yiyita ko ari igihugu cya demukrasi kinaharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu, n’ibyo byose umuryango mpuzamahanga wananiwe kumvisha icyo gihugu ko kigomba gufunga agasho gahonyererwamo uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu ka Gwantanamo na ka Abu Gurayib.

## Imiyoboro
* Uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu: Urwitwazo rwa politike rw’ibihugu by’Iburengerazuba
Irani

**Irani** cyangwa **Repubulika y’Ubuyisilamu ya Irani** (izina mu kinyaperisi : **ایران** cyangwa **جمهوری اسلامی ایران** ) n’igihugu muri Aziya. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 81,000,000 (2017), batuye kubuso bwa km² 1,648,195.
Illuminati

Jina langu ni Charles, na ninatoka Marekani. Nilijiunga na undugu huu kwa sababu nilikuwa na deni, na maisha yaliniona kuwa magumu sana. Nilihitaji pesa ili kutatua matatizo yangu.

Mpenzi wangu wa miaka miwili aliniacha kwa sababu ya hali yangu ya kifedha. Zawadi yangu ya kwanza ilikuwa dola milioni 1.2. Hadi sasa, nimetumia dola 200,000 pekee, na sijui la kufanya na pesa zilizobaki kwenye akaunti yangu. Ninaweza kusema kwa ujasiri kwamba sasa mimi ni tajiri sana.
Ninampendekeza sana Dkt. Larry kwa yeyote anayetaka kujiunga na undugu. Barua pepe yake. doctorlarry268@gmail.com 

WhatsApp: +2349045968228
Abaperezida ba Kenya

### IGUHUGU CYA [[Kenya|KENYA]]
Kenya ni igihugu cyizwi nka repubulika ya Kenya, giherereye mu muryango wa Africa y'uburasirazuba. kikaba giherereye mu bihugu biri munsi y'ubutayu bwa Sahara. 

igihugu cya Kenya gituwe nabaturage  barenga  miliyoni 56.43 kikaba igihugu cya 29 mubituwe cyane kw'isi.

### '''Abaperezida ba [[Kenya]]'''

### Ishakiro
Ilham Aliyev

**Ilham Aliyev** (izina mu kinyazeribayijani *İlham Əliyev* ) (24 Ukuboza 1961 – ), Perezida wa 4 w’Azeribayijani.
Heydar Aliyev

**Heydar Aliyev** (izina mu kinyazeribayijani *Heydər Əliyev* ) (10 Gicurasi 1923 &ndash; 12 Ukuboza 2003), Perezida wa 3 w’Azeribayijani.
Abülfaz Elçibay

**Abülfaz Elçibay** (izina mu kinyazeribayijani *Əbülfəz Elçibəy* ) (24 Kamena 1938 – 22 Kanama 2000), Perezida wa 2 w’Azeribayijani.
Julius Nyerere

**Julius Nyerere** (13 Mata 1922 &ndash; 14 Ukwakira 1999), Perezida wa 1 wa Tanzaniya.

## Links
* Prince Kevin Nyerere
Jomo Kenyatta

**Jomo Kenyatta** (1894 &ndash; 22 Kanama 1978), Perezida wa 1 wa Kenya. Yabaye Minisitiri w’intebe wa Kenya kuva 1963 kugeza 1964, aba perezida kuva 1964 kugeza 1978.

Akivuka yiswe Kamau wa Mugai. Jomo Kenyatta Jomo bivuga icumu ribengerana naho Kinyatta bivuga umukandara w’amasaro ya massai. Yitwa kandi Mwalimu mu rurimi rw’igiswayire, umusaza, ise w’igihugu, umwubatsi w’ahera hasenyutse.
Iterabwoba

**Iterabwoba** ribarwa mu bibazo bikomereye isi kandi bibangamiye ituze n’ubusugire bw’abantu mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi. Rikaba riterwa n’impamvu nyinshi zinyuranye zirimo n’imibereho, kwiheba, politiki, ubukungu, imico, n’ibindi bikomeje kugira uruhare rukomeye mu kwimakaza iterabwoba mu mibereho y’abantu. Niyo mpamvu uwashaka kuvura no kurandura iterabwoba burundu, bimusaba kubanza gukemura ibi bibazo n’impamvu ziritera akazivanaho burundu kuko arizo zituma iterabwoba ribaho.

Intambwe ya mbere yo kurwanya iterabwoba no kurirandurana n’imizi yaryo aho ariho hose, ni ukubanza gusobanukirwa neza izi mpamvu ziritera, kugirango n’umuti uzashakwa uzabe ushingiye ku miterere nyayo y’ikibazo.

## 
* Ishami ryo Kurwanya Iterabwoba (ATU)

## Imiyoboro
* police.gov.rw
* ijwi-islam.org
Ishyaka ry’Ubukiranutsi n’Amajyambere (muri Maroke)

**Ishyaka ry’Ubukiranutsi n’Amajyambere** (PJD mu magambo ahinnye y’igifaransa ; izina mu gifaransa : *Parti de la Justice et du Développement* ; izina mu cyarabu : **حزب العدالة والتنمية‎** ) ni ishyaka rya politiki muri Maroke.
Kororoka

**Kororoka** ni ukuvuga ko ikimera kigenewe gukoreshwa mu kororoka cyangwa muri gahunda yo kubungabunga ubuzima bw’ibimera.

###### Kororka ni igihe abantu bakoze imibonano mpuza bitsina hatagi y'umugabo n'umugore.
Amasezerano Mpuzamahanga yo Kurengera Ibimera

**Amasezerano Mpuzamahanga yo Kurengera Ibimera** (IPPC mu magambo ahinnye y’icyongereza; izina mu cyongereza: ***Amasezerano Mpuzamahanga yo Kurengera Ibimera*** ) ni amasezerano yemejwe n’inaa y’ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku buhinzi n’ibiribwa (FAO) mu nteko yayo ya 29 ugushyingo 1997, agashyirwa mu bikorwa tariki ya 02 ukwakira 2005, kandi akaba akubiyemo n’ibyahinduwe byashyizwe mu bikorwa.
Ibisimba byaduka

**Ibisimba byaduka** ni ukuvuga ibisimba byaduka bikigarurira ahantu kamere hatuwe kandi bikaba bishobora no kuhangiza.
Akabambano

**Igituba**

Igituba ni umwenge w'igitsina  cy'abagore winjirwamo n'imboro mu gikorwa cy'imibonano mpuza bitsina .


## Amoko y’akabambano

*birerekana umwinjiriro w’igituba ufite akabambano gasanzwe, agahu koroshye gafunga ho igice umwinjiriro w’igituba.
*irerekana akabambano gafunga 100% umwinjiriro w’igituba, ubu bwoko bwa akabambano busaba ko muganga abaga umukobwa kugira ngo amaraso yo mu mihango abone aho anyura.
*irerekana aho akabambano yahoze umugore amaze kubyara.
Akabambano iyo gakuhweho igihe umukobwa bamuswera ava amaraso ariyo kera bashakaga kureba kugirango bemere ko ari isugi.
Aha umuntu yakwibaza niba abagabo bo batababara igihe baswera umukobwa w'isugi kuko bisaba ingufu nyinshi >Ese bo imboro itaha amahoro aho yo ntikomereka?
Ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi n’ubworozi

**Ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi n’ubworozi** (ISAR mu magambo ahinnye y’igifaransa; izina mu gifaransa: *Institut des Sciences Agronomiques du Rwanda* ; izina mu cyongereza: *Rwanda Agricultural Research Institute* )

Ishami ry’ubushakashatsi ku mbuto ziribwa n’imboga ntiryabagaho muri ISAR mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yo mu 1994. Hariho gusa imirima y’amoko anyuranye y’avoka, amacunga, makadamiya n’inanasi yari yaratewe muri sitasiyo za Rubona, Karama na Rwerere, guhera mu mwaka wa 1970.

Ukurikije umubare munini cyane w’imbuto ziribwa n’imboga ziboneka mu Rwanda ndetse no kw’ isi hose, ubu ingufu zashyizwe mu bushakashatsi . 

## Imiyoboro
*https://web.archive.org/web/20110819172853/http://www.isar.rw/spip.php?rubrique1
Yoga

Umukino wa **Yoga** ni umukino.

Yoga imaze koko kwamamara, nubwo inkomoko yayo ari mu Buhinde, ntibyayibujije gushinga ibirindiro mu Bushinwa, mu Buyapani, Amerika, mu Burayi ndetse no muri Afurika.

Mu Rwagasabo naho ntiyahatanzwe uretse ko itaramenyekana byimazeyo. Kutamenyekana ahanini bigaragarira mu bisubizo abanyarwanda batanga iyo babajijwe icyo bazi kuri Yoga.

Bamwe bagira bati: «Yoga ni nk’umikino nka za karate» abandi bati:«Itera imbaraga zirenze iza muntu bityo ikaba iri “satanique” », hari n’abavuga ko Yoga ari ukujya mu mwuka maze ntihagire ikintu na kimwe utekereza (*concentration totale*) abandi bati: «Ni idini ry’abahinde».

Yoga ni ijambo riri mu rurimi rw’igisansikiriti rikaba rivuga “guhuza”.

Guhuza “umubiri , gatekerezi na espri (*body, mind and spirit*), binyujijwe mu gusubiramo imyitozo ngororamubiri (Asanas), ndetse no kwiyinjiramo noneho umuntu akamenya ukuri kuri muri we, uwo ari we bityo akamenya n’abandi.

Yoga igizwe n’imyitozo itandukanye y’umubiri, yo guhumeka, yo gutekereza ndetse n’iyo gukora no kuvuga.

Yoga rero ni imyitozo ifasha umuntu mu buzima bwa buri munsi, kuko imufasha kuyobora gatekerezi ye (*mind control*). Iyo rero amaze kumenya neza gatekerezi ye, aba noneho ashobora kubaho, guhumeka, gutekereza, kuvuga, gukora no gukunda bya nyabyo.

## Imiyoboro

*Ikiganiro kirambuye n'umwarimu wa Yoga mu Rwanda
Ibinyabuzima bitungwa n’ibimera

**Ibinyabuzima bitungwa n’ibimera**  ni ukuvuga ikinyabuzima icyo aricyo cyose, fungi, bagiteri, virusi, virusi nk’ikinyabuzima cyangwa ibiburangoro ndetse n’inyamaswa, kigaragajwe na Minisitiri ko gitungwa n’ibimera cyangwa ibikomoka kubuhinzi.
Turukiya

**Turukiya** (izina mu giturukiya : *Türkiye* ) ni igihugu mu Burayi na Aziya. Umurwa mukuru wa Turukiya witwa Ankara. Igihugu kiratuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 78,785,548, batuye ku buso bwa km² 814.578.

Indirimbo y’Igihugu ni : İstiklâl Marşı.

## Ubuyobozi bwa Turukiya
Intara (*il*) → Uturere (*ilçe*) → Imirenge/Utugari (*bucak* cyangwa *nahiye*) → Imidugudu (*köy*)

:Intara za Turukiya ni 81.
:Uturere twa Turukiya ni 957.
:Imirenge n’utugari bya Turukiya ni 634.
:Imidigudu ya Turukiya ni 40.000.

## Imibare y’abaturage

## Gallery

File:Anit Kabir (6526103103).jpg| 
File:Aya sofya.jpg| 
File:Kocatepe Mosque Ankara.jpg| 
File:State Painting and Sculpture Museum of Ankara.jpg| 
File:DolmabahceMainGate.JPG| 
File:İzmir clock tower.jpg| 
File:Pamukkale00.JPG| 
File:Eskişehir-Aycan.jpg| 
File:Antalya falezler.jpg| 
File:Alanya.jpg| 
File:Bluemosquefront.jpg| 
File:Diyarbakir P1050751 20080427135832.JPG| 


## Ubuperezida bwa Turukiya
* Abaperezida ba Turukiya

## References
Makadamiya

**Makadamiya** (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini: *Macadamia* ) ni kimwe mu bihingwa ngengabukungu byinjiza amafaranga menshi ku muhinzi wayo, ariko kikaba ari igihingwa kitagwiriye henshi muri aka akarerendetse gifata nigihe kirecyire kugirango cyere bivugwako gifata imyaka irihagati yitanu kuzamura..
Umusigiti wa Sultanahmet

**Umusigiti wa Sultanahmet** (izina mu kinyaturukiya: *Sultanahmet Camii*) ni umusigiti i Istanbul muri Turukiya.

## Amafoto

Istanbul.Sultanahmet.BlueMosque.jpg|
Blaue moschee 6minarette.jpg| 
Istanbul-Sultan-Ahmet-Camii.jpg|
Sultan Ahmed Mosque2.jpg|
Blue mosque2.jpg| 
Blekitny Meczet RB1.jpg|
Sultan Ahmed Mosque 02.JPG|
Sultan Ahmed Mosque 01.JPG|
Turquie - Istanbul - Mosquee bleue - interieur.jpg| 
Blekitny Meczet RB3.jpg|
SultanAhmetMosqueInterior.jpg|
SultanAhmetMosqueCourtyard.jpg|
Blue Mosque.ogv |thumb |Umusigiti wa Sultanahmet
Ishyaka ry’Ukwishyira Ukizana

**Ishyaka ry’Abakozi mu Rwanda** (PL mu magambo ahinnye y’igifaransa ; izina mu gifaransa : *Parti libéral * ) ni ishyaka rya politiki mu Rwanda. Ni ishyaka riri mu kwaha kwa FPR.
Ishyaka ry’Ubwisungane Bugamije Iterambere

**Ishyaka ry’Ubwisungane Bugamije Iterambere** (PSP) ni ishyaka rya politiki mu Rwanda.

Dushingiye ku Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo ku wa 04 Kamena 2003, cyane cyane mu nteruro yaryo ya gatatu ivuga ibyerekeye Imitwe ya Politiki, no ku Itegeko no 16/2003 ryo ku wa 27/06/2003 rigenga Imitwe ya Politiki n’abanyapolitiki;

Twebwe abiyemeje gushyiraho “Ishyaka ry’Ubwisungane Bugamije Iterambere” mu gifaransa “Parti de la Solidarité et du Progrès » mu cyongereza « Party for Solidarity and Progress » mu magambo ahinnye « PSP »

## Imiyoboro
*Amategeko ngenga y’Ishyaka ry’Ubwisungane Bugamije Iterambere (PSP)
Ishyaka ry’Iterambere n’Ubusabane

**Ishyaka ry’Iterambere n’Ubusabane** (PPC mu magambo ahinnye y’igifaransa ; izina mu gifaransa : *Parti pour le Progrès et la Concorde * ) ni ishyaka rya politiki mu Rwanda. Ni ishyaka ry'inkundarubyino gusa.
P.S.Imberakuri

**P.S.Imberakuri** cyangwa **Ishyaka ry’Imberakuri mu Rwanda** (izina mu gifaransa : *Parti Social Imberakuri* na izina mu cyongereza: *Social Party Imberakuri*) ni ishyaka rya politiki mu Rwanda.

## Imiyoboro
*https://web.archive.org/web/20100829093035/http://www.imberakuri.org/
Ishyaka FDU-Inkingi

**Ishyaka FDU-Inkingi** (izina mu gifaransa : *Forces Démocratiques Unifiées* na izina mu cyongereza: *United Democratic Forces - Inkingi*) ni ishyaka rya politiki mu Rwanda.
Ishyaka RPP-Imvura

**Ishyaka PPR-Imvura** (*Parti Populaire Rwandais* ) ni ishyaka rya politiki mu Rwanda.

Ishyaka RPP-Imvura rirasaba ibihugu byose bikomeye byose ku isi gufasha abanyarwanda guca akarengane kari mu Rwanda gahonyora uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu nta nkomanga.

Mu ibaruwa ndende iryo shyaka ryandikiye ibihugu byishi bikomeye byo hirya no hino kwisi, harimo n’imiryango mpuzamahanga ndetse n’abantu kugiti cyabo bishuti magara za Kagame, isaba ko bamwumvisa akemera ibiganiro n’abatavuga rumwe nawe akubaha demikarasi .

RPP- Imvura yakomeje ivuga ko batabara u Rwanda inzira zikigendeka hato rutazagwa mu bibazo rwaguyemo muri 1994, aho rwatakaje abantu barenga miliyoni abandi batagira ingano bagahunga igihugu cyabo bagata ibyabo n’aba bo .Muri abo bose iryo shyaka ryandikiye, abakuru b’ibihugu na za guverinoma bagera kuri 23, bamaze kwandikira perezida Kagame bamumenyasha ibyo iryo shyaka risaba. Mu iriyo baruwa ndende, ikinyamakuru Umuvigizi gifitiye kopi, iryo shyaka riravuga ko u Rwanda, rutigeze rugira amahoro, abaturage bakomeje guhura n’ikibazo kitotezwa kuburyo bukomeye, kubera ubuyobozi bubi, ibyo byose byagiye bigira uruhare mu mibereho mibi y’abaturage b’u Rwanda, bamwe bakicwa abandi bagahunga.

Ishyaka FPR, ryatangiye urugamba rufite intego zo kugarura amahoro no gucyura impunzi ndetse no kubaka leta n’igihugu kigendera ku mategeko cyubaha uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa-muntu kandi kigendera ku mahame ya demokarasi.

## Imiyoboro
*https://web.archive.org/web/20100706065250/http://www.rwandapeopleparty.org/
Igiturukimeni

**Igiturukimeni** cyangwa **Inyeturukimeni** (izina mu giturukimeni : *türkmençe* cyangwa *türkmen dili* ) ni ururimi rwa Turikimenisitani n’Afuganisitani. Itegekongenga ISO 639-3 **tuk**.

## Amagambo n'interuro mu giturukimeni
* **Siz iňlisçe gepleýärsiňizmi?** – Uvuga icyongereza?
* **Hawa** – Yego
* **Ýok** – Oya
* **bir** – rimwe
* **iki** – kabiri
* **üç** – gatatu
* **dört** – kane
* **bäş** – gatanu
* **alty** – gatandatu
* **ýedi** – karindwi
* **sekiz** – umunani
* **dokuz** – icyenda

## Alfabeti y’igiturukimeni




## Wikipediya mu giturukimeni
* http://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baş_Sahypa
Turukimenisitani

**Turukimenisitani** cyangwa **Turikimenisitani** (izina mu giturukimeni : *Türkmenistan* ) n’igihugu muri Aziya.
Afuganisitani

**Afuganisitani** (izina mu Kinyaperisi/gipushito : **افغانستان** ) cyangwa **Repebulika y’Ubuyisilamu ya Afuganisitani** (izina mu Kinyaperisi: جمهوری اسلامی افغانستان / gipushito : **د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت** ) n’igihugu muri Aziya. Umurwa mukuru 

w’Afuganisitani witwa Kabul. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 34,656,032 (2016), batuye kubuso bwa km² 652,864.
Afurika y’Epfo

**Afurika y’Epfo** cyangwa **Repubulika** (cyangwa **Repebulika**) **’Afurika y’Epfo** n’igihugu muri Afurika. Umujyi mukuru rw'Afurika y'Epfo ni Johannesburg. Imijyi mukuru 2 rw'Afurika y'Epfo ni Pretoria na Le Cap. Umujyi mukuru rw'amategeko rw'Afurika y'Epfo ni Bloemfontein.

## Amazina
:izina mu cyongereza : **Republic of South Africa** 
:izina mu kinyafurikansi : **Republiek van Suid-Afrika**
:izina mu kindebele (amajyepfo) : **IRiphabliki yeSewula Afrika** 
:izina mu kigisosa : **IRiphabliki yaseMzantsi Afrika** 
:izina mu kizulu : **IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika** 
:izina mu gisotho (amajyaruguru) : **Rephaboliki ya Afrika-Borwa**
:izina mu gisotho (amajyepfo) : **Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa** 
:izina mu gitswana : **Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa** 
:izina mu giswati : **IRiphabhulikhi yeNingizimu Afrika** 
:izina mu kivenda : **Riphabuḽiki ya Afurika Tshipembe**izina mu gitsonga : **Riphabliki ra Afrika Dzon**
Aligeriya

**Aligeriya** (izina mu cyarabu : **الجزائر‎** , izina mu tamazight: ⴷⵣⴰⵢⴻⵔ) n’igihugu muri Afurika. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 40,400,000 (2016), batuye kubuso bwa km² 2,381,741.
Alubaniya

**Alubaniya** cyangwa **Repebulika y’Alubaniya** (izina mu cyalubaniya: *Shqipëria* cyangwa *Republika e Shqipërisë*) n’igihugu muri Uburayi. Umurwa mukuru w’Alubaniya witwa Tirana. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 2,876,591 (2017), batuye kubuso bwa km² 28,748.
ISO 4217

n

## '''ISO 4217'''<br />Active codes

## Obsolete currency codes

## Ibindi
* ALK Ileki Ishaje y’Alubaniya (Albanian Old Lek)
* AOK Ikwanza Lishya ry’Angola (Angolan New Kwanza) 
* BAD Idenari rya Bosiniya na Herizegovina (Bosnia and Herzegovina Dinar)
* BEC Ifaranga Rihindurwa ry’Ububiligi (Belgian Franc Convertible)
* BEL Ifaranga Mutungo ry’Ububiligi (Belgian Franc Financial)
* BGJ Ilevi A/52 rya Bulugariya (Bulgarian Lev A/52)
* BGK Ilevi A/62 rya Bulugariya (Bulgarian Lev A/62)
* BYB Irubule rya Belarusi (Belarussian Rouble)
* CNX Idolari rya Banki y’Abaturage b’Ubushinwa (Chinese Peoples Bank Dollar)
* CSJ Ikoruna A/53 rya Cekosilovakiya (Czechoslovak Krona A/53)
* GEK Ikupo rya Geworugiya (Georgian Coupon )
* GWE Esikudo rya Gineya (Guinea Escudo)
* HRD Idenari rya Korowasiya (Croatian Dinar)
* LSM Imaloti rya Lesoto (Lesotho Maloti)
* LTT Italonasi rya Lituwani (Lithuanian Talonas)
* LUC Ifaranga Rihindurwa rya Lugizamburu (Luxembourg Convertible Franc)
* LUL Ifaranga Mutungo rya Lugizamburu (Luxembourg Financial Franc)
* LVR Irubule rya Lativiya (Latvian Ruble)
* MTP Maltese Pound (Ipawundi rya Malite)
* MZE Esikudo rya Mozambike (Mozambique Escudo)
* NIC Ikorudoba rya Nikaragwa (Nicaraguan Cordoba)
* RHD Idolari rya Rodesiya (Rhodesian Dollar)
* TLE Esikudo rya Timoro (Timor Escudo)
* UGW Ishilingi Rishaje rya Yuganda (Uganda Old Schilling)
* VNC Idongi Rishaje ya Viyetinamu (Viet Nam Old Dong)
Andora

**Andora** (izina mu gikatalani: *Principat d'Andorra*) n’igihugu muri Uburayi. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 77,281 (2016), batuye kubuso bwa km² 467.63. Umurwa mukuru w'Andora witwa Andorra la Vella.
Angola

**Angola** cyangwa **Repebulika y’Angola** (izina mu giporutigali : *República de Angola* na izina mu kinyakongo : *Repubilika ya Ngola* ) n’igihugu muri Afurika.
Ikawa ya Maraba

Ikawa ni kimwe mu bihingwa ngengabukungu gifite isoko ryo  hanze y’igihugu kikazamura ubukungu bw’u Rwanda ndetse ngo kikaba kinakundwa cyane kubera uburyohe budasanzwe. Hakunze rero kubaho amarushanwa yo kumva ikawa iruta izindi mu buryohe  bikitabirwa n’inzobere mu kuyumva, akaba ari muri bene nk’ayo marushanwa ikawa ya Maraba yabaye iya mbere ndetse ikabona n’igihembo. Mu kagari ka Maraba umurenge wa Shyembe ho mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo niho hera  iyo kawa ifite umwihariko w’uburyohe budasanzwe.

**[[Ikawa]] ya Maraba**

Imvaho Nshya yanyarukiye muri uwo Murenge kureba uko abahinzi ba kawa yaho babayeho niba kuba yitwa ko ari iyambere bibagiraho ingaruka nziza cyangwa biherera iyo. Aho twabasanze ni kuri koperative Abahuzamugambi,  hakaba hari na labolatwari ibafasha kurobanura ikawa. Kuri iyo koperative twasanze batoranya ikawa batubwira ko uretse kuyihinga koperative ibaha n’akazi kandi ikabahemba ku buryo ngo ikibazo cy’ubushomeri muri uwo Murenge cyagabanutse. Ngo barashimira Perezida wa Repubulika ko muri iyi manda ishize hari aho bavuye bakaba bafite n’aho bageze ngo kubera gahunda Leta yashyizeho zo kwibumbira mu makoperative ndetse n’izo kubaka inganda kuko byabagabanyirije imvune ndende bagiraga ubwo bari bagikoresha uburyo bwo hambere bwo gusya n’urusyo gusa ngo byaba byiza cyane bongerewe imashini bityo umusaruro ukiyongera.

USAID, ikigo cy’abanyamerika gitsura amajyambere, cyerekanye ibicuruzwa bikomoka ku buhinzi yafashije Abanyarwanda gushakira amasoko mu bihugu by’Uburayi na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika. Muri ibyo bicuruzwa harimo ikawa ya Maraba, urusenda, ifu y’imyumbati y’i Butare, umutobe w’amatunda bita Agashya, n’inzoga ikoze mu ikawa yo mu Rwanda yengerwa muri Amerikai. Iyo nzoga icyakora ntiratangira gucururizwa mu Rwanda. 

## 
*Abahuzamugambi b’Ikawa ya Maraba (*Coopérative du Café de Maraba*)

## Imiyoboro
*Maraba: Kawa yabateje imbere, hari ibyo banasaba Kagame
Aziya

Umugabane w’**Aziya** ni umwe mu migabane igize isi.Ndetse Ikaba ari iya mbere m'ubunini ndetse no mukugira abaturage benshi igarukirwa na Afurika

Aziya igizwe n'ibihugu 48(Mirongo ine n'umunani).
Amerika

Umugabane w’**Amerika** ni umwe mu migabane igize isi.

* Ituwe n'abaturage 1,001,559,000 (2016).
* Batuye kubuso bwa km² 42,549,000.
## 
* Amerika ya Ruguru
* Amerika y’Epfo
Antarigitika

Umugabane w’**Antarigitika** ni umwe mu migabane igize isi.


File: 061212-nordkapp.jpg
File:GletscherMM.jpg
File:Fryxellsee Opt.jpg
File:Mount Erebus Aerial 2.jpg
File:Aurore australe - Aurora australis.jpg
Arabiya Sawudite

**Arabiya Sawudite** cyangwa **Sawudi Arabiya** (izina mu cyarabu : **المملكة العربية السعودية‎** ) n’igihugu muri Aziya. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 33,000,000 (2017), batuye kubuso bwa km² 2,149,690.
Arijantine

**Arijantine** cyangwa **Arijantina** (izina mu cyesipanyole : *República Argentina* ) n’igihugu muri Amerika.
Umugambi Mushya w’Iterambere muri Afurika

**Umugambi Mushya w’Iterambere muri Afurika** (NEPAD) igamije kongera uburyo butuma ibidukikije byo muri Afurika birushaho kuba byiza, kurwanya ubukene, kongerera ubushobozi Afurika mu gushira mu bikorwa amasezerano mpuzamahanga mu rwego rw’isi no mu rwego rw’akarere, guhangana ku buryo buboneye n’ibibazo by’ibidukikije byugarije ibidukikije muri Afurika mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa rusange rya NEPAD.  

Reka noneho twibaze: "Niba koko **Umugambi Mushya w’Iterambere muri Afurika** (NEPAD) wakabaye kimwe mubyatuma Africa itera imbere abayobozi b'ibihugu bya Africa bagira uruhe ruhare mugushyira mubikorwa uwo mugambi"?
Arumeniya

**Arumeniya** (izina mu cyarumeniya : *Հայաստան* ) n’igihugu muri Aziya. Umurwa mukuru w’Arumeniya witwa Yerevan.
Azeribayijani

**Azeribayijani** (izina mu kinyazeribayijani : *Azərbaycan Respublikası* )n’igihugu muri Uburayi n’Aziya. Umurwa mukuru w’Azeribayijani witwa Baku. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 9,867,250 (2017), batuye kubuso bwa km² 86,600.
Bahamasi

**Bahamasi** (izina mu cyongereza : *The Bahamas* cyangwa *Commonwealth of The Bahamas* ) n’igihugu muri Amerika.
Bahirayini

**Bahirayini** cyangwa **Bahrayeni** (izina mu cyarabu : **مملكة البحرين‎** ) n’igihugu muri Aziya. Umurwa mukuru wa Bahirayini witwa Manama. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 1,536,050 (2018), batuye kubuso bwa km² 765.
Bangaladeshi

**Bangaladeshi** (izina mu kibengali : **বাংলাদেশ** ) n’igihugu muri Aziya. Umurwa mukuru ya Bangaladeshi ni Dhaka. Ururimi rwa Bangaladeshi ni ikibengali. Abaturage bya Bangaladeshi bangana 128,570,535.
Belarusi

**Belarusi** (izina mu kibelarusiya: *Беларусь*) n’igihugu muri Uburayi. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 9,498,700 (2016), batuye kubuso bwa km² 207,595. Umurwa mukuru wa Belarusi witwa Minsk.
Boliviya

**Boliviya** (izina mu cyesipanyole : *Plurinational State of Bolivia* ; gikecuwa : *Bulivya Mamallaqta* ; kinyayimara : *Wuliwya Suyu* ) n’igihugu muri Amerika y'Amajyepfo.  Umurwa mukuru wayo ni Sucre, ariko inzubatsi nyinshi za reta ziri mu mujyi wa La Paz.  Inkiko Nkuru y'igihugu iri i Sucre.  Perezida wa Boliviya ni Evo Morales.  Akurikira gahunda y'ingengabitekerezo ya gisosiyarisiti.  I La Higuera, igiturage mu hagati y'igihugu, Ernesto Che Guevara yishwe muri 1967 n'abasirikare b'abanyaboliviya.  Abanyaboliviya bafite amoko make.
Bosiniya na Herizegovina

**Bosiniya na Herizegovina** cyangwa **Bosini Herzegovina** (izina mu kinyabosiniya na kinyakorowasi: *Bosna i Hercegovina*; izina mu kinyaseribiya: *Босна и Херцеговина*) n’igihugu muri Uburayi. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 3,531,159 (2013), batuye kubuso bwa km² 51,129. Umurwa mukuru wa Bosiniya na Herizegovina witwa Sarajevo.
Botswana

**Botswana** cyangwa **Repubulika ya Botswana** (izina mu gitswana : *Lefatshe la Botswana* ; izina mu cyongereza : *Republic of Botswana * ) n’igihugu muri Afurika. Umurwa mukuru wa Botswana witwa Gaborone.
Burukina Faso

**Burukina Faso** (izina mu gifaransa : *Burkina Faso* ) n’igihugu muri Afurika y'Uburengerazuba. Umurwa mukuru wa Burukina Faso witwa Wagadugu.
Buruneyi

**Buruneyi** cyangwa **Buruneyi Darusalamu** (izina mu kimalayi : *Negara Brunei Darussalam* ; izina mu kijavani : **بروني دارالسلام** ) n’igihugu muri Aziya. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 417,200 (2015), batuye kubuso bwa km² 5,765.
Butani

**Butani** (izina mu kinyazongika : **འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ**་ ; izina mu cyongereza : *Bhutan* ) n’igihugu muri Aziya. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 797,765 (2016), batuye kubuso bwa km² 38,394.
Cade

**Cade** cyangwa **Cadi** (izina mu cyarabu : **تشاد‎ ** cyangwa **جمهورية تشاد ‎** ; izina mu gifaransa : *Tchad* cyangwa *République du Tchad* ) n’igihugu muri Afurika.
Dominika

**Dominika** (izina mu cyongereza : *Dominica* cyangwa *Commonwealth of Dominica* ) n’igihugu muri Amerika.
Repubulika ya Dominikani

**Repubulika ya Dominikani** (izina mu cyesipanyole : *República Dominicana * ) n’igihugu muri Amerika.
Fiji

**Fiji** (izina mu gifijiyani : *Matanitu ko Viti* cyangwa *Matanitu Tu-Vaka-i-koya ko Viti*; izina mu cyongereza : *Fiji* cyangwa *Republic of the Fiji Islands* ) n’igihugu muri Oseyaniya. Umurwa mukuru wa Fiji witwa Suva.
Eritereya

**Eritereya** (izina mu gitigirinya : **ኤርትራ** cyangwa **ሃገረ ኤርትራ** ; izina mu cyarabu **إرتريا** cyangwa **دولة إرتريا** : ; izina mu cyongereza : *Eritrea* cyangwa *State of Eritrea* ) n’igihugu muri Afurika. Umurwa mukuru w’u Eritereya witwa Asmara.
Etiyopiya

**Etiyopiya** (izina mu kinyamarike : **ኢትዮጵያ** cyangwa **የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ**) n’igihugu muri Afurika. Umurwa mukuru w’u Etiyopiya witwa Addis Ababa.
Gambiya

**Gambiya** (izina mu cyongereza : *Gambia* ) n’igihugu muri Afurika. Umurwa mukuru wa Gambiya witwa Banjul.
Umuryango w’Abafasha b’Abakuru b’Ibihugu by’Afurika wo Kurwanya Ubwandu bwa SIDA

**Umuryango w’Abafasha b’Abakuru b’Ibihugu by’Afurika wo Kurwanya Ubwandu bwa SIDA** (OAFLA mu magambo ahinnye y’icyongereza; izina mu cyongereza: *Organisation of African First Ladies against HIV/AIDS* ) n’ishyirahamwe rigizwe n’Abafasha 40 b’Abakuru b’Ibihugu by’Afurika bisunganye kugira ngo bavugire abadashoboye kwivugira mu kurwanya Ubwandu bwa SIDA. Ubunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa bwa OAFLA buri i Kigali, mu Rwanda, bukaba buyobowe n’Umufasha w’Umukuru w’Igihugu.
Ibitaro bya Kaminuza by’i Kigali

**Ibitaro bya Kaminuza by’i [[Kigali]]** (CHUK mu magambo ahinnye y’igifaransa; izina mu gifaransa: *Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali* ; izina mu cyongereza: *University Teaching Hospital of Kigali*) ni kimwe mu bitaro byo mu gihugu byoherezwa mo abarwayi bakomerewe cyane. Bifite inshingano zo gutanga inyigisho no guhugura abagize umwuga akazi ko kuvura, kuvura bikwiye abantu ari bose baje kuhivuriza no guteza imbere ubushakashatsi mu buvuzi. 

## Amateka
Ibi bitaro byubatswe muri mwaka w'1918, bitangira bikora nk'ikigo nderabuzima mu mwaka w'1928.                                                 Guhera mu mwaka w'1965 byatangiye gukora nk'ibitaro. Gusa kubera ibibazo byari mu gihugu, guhera muri Mata 1994 kugeza mu mwaka w'1996, ibi bitaro (CHK- Centre Hospitalier de Kigali/ Ibitaro bya Kigali) byabaye ikigo nderabuzima, ibitaro by'akarere ndetse nibitaro byorerezwa abarwayi.

Mu mwaka wa 2000, hamwe no gushyiraho amategeko Nr. 41/2000 yo ku ya 7/12/2000 ku ishyirwaho no gutunganya ibitaro byigisha bya kaminuza "CHUK", CHK yabaye ikigo cya Leta gifite ubuzimagatozi kizwi ku izina rya "Ibitaro byigisha kaminuza bya Kigali". Ikindi mu minsi yashize humvikanye inkuru y’umwana wari uri kuvurirwa mu bitaro bya Kaminuza bya Kigali (CHUK), wari waravukanye uburwayi bw’amayobora, aho yari afite ikibyimba cyari ku mutwe ndetse ari kinini kuwuruta.

## Aho biherereye
Ibitaro byigisha bya kaminuza bya Kigali / CHUK, biherereye mu akarere ka nyarugenge kuri KN 4 Ave, Umujyi wa Kigali.

## Amashakiro
*https://web.archive.org/web/20120509050415/http://www.chk.org.rw/
Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya SIDA

**Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya SIDA** (NACC mu magambo ahinnye y’icyongereza; izina mu cyongereza: *The National AIDS Control Commission* ; izina mu gifaransa : *Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le SIDA* )

Urwego ruhuza inzego zifite uruhare mu kurwanya Ubwandu bwa SIDA.
Ikigo Gishinzwe Kuvura no Gukora Ubushakashatsi kuri SIDA

**Ikigo Gishinzwe Kuvura no Gukora Ubushakashatsi kuri SIDA** (TRAC mu magambo ahinnye y’icyongereza; izina mu cyongereza: *Treatment and Research AIDS Center* ) 

Aho ikorera muri Minisiteri ishinzwe Ubuzima, TRAC ishinzwe cyane cyane kugenzura ubwandu bwa SIDA, kuvura indwara zituruka mu mibonano mpuzabitsina, ibijyanye no gutanga inama no kwipimisha ku bushake ubwandu bwa SIDA, no kurinda ababyeyi ko bakwanduza abana babo SIDA , kubavura no kubafasha .
Gahunda yo Kurinda no Kwitaho Imiryango Ibana n’ Agakoko Gatera SIDA/SIDA

**Gahunda yo Kurinda no Kwitaho Imiryango Ibana n’ Agakoko Gatera SIDA/SIDA** (PACFA mu magambo ahinnye y’icyongereza; izina mu cyongereza: *Protection and Care of Families Against HIV/AIDS* )

Umushinga uyobowe n’Umufasha w’Umukuru w’i Igihugu ufasha Abantu babana n’Ubwandu bwa SIDA (PLWHA), abagore n’abana.
Gahunda y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Indwara ya Malariya

Iyi **Gahunda y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Indwara ya Malariya** (PNILT mu magambo ahinnye y’icyongereza; izina mu cyongereza: *National Malaria Control Programme* ) ikorera muri Minisisteri y’Ubuzima inshinzwe guhuza ibikorwa byose bijyanye no kurwanya indwara ya malariya mu gihugu.
Geworugiya

**Geworugiya** cyangwa **Geworigiya**, **Gurjestan** (izina mu kinyageworugiya: **საქართველო**, *sak’art’velo*) n’igihugu muri Uburayi n’Aziya. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 3,718,200 (2017), batuye kubuso bwa km² 69,700. Umurwa mukuru wa Geworugiya witwa Tbilisi.
Filipine

**Filipine** (izina mu cyongereza : *Philippines* ; izina mu gitagaloge : *Pilipinas* cyangwa *Republika ng Pilipinas* ) n’igihugu muri Aziya. Umurwa mukuru wa Filipine witwa Manila. nonton anime id Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 100,981,437 (2015), batuye kubuso bwa km² 343,448.
Gabon

**Gabon** cyangwa **Gabo** (izina mu gifaransa : *Gabon* cyangwa *République Gabonaise* ) n’igihugu muri Afurika yo Hagati .

Gabon igizwe n’amoko agera kuri 50 ay’ingenzi akaba ari aba Fangs, aba Omyene, aba Teke n’aba Punus. Mu bijyanye n’umuco, ibyo bituma icyo gihugu kigira ubutunzi bwihariye kuko buri bwoko bugira imico itandukanye n’iy’abandi.

Imbyino zo muri Gabon zizwi cyane nka Ingwala ikomoka mu bwoko bwa Nzebi, Omias, Mengane n’abandi, imbyino yitwa Ikokou ikomoka mu bwoko bw’aba Punu.
Geworugiya y’Epfo n’Ibirwa bya Sanduwice y’Epfo

**Geworugiya y’Epfo n’Ibirwa bya Sanduwice y’Epfo** (izina mu cyongereza : *South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands* ) n’igihugu muri Amerika.
Gineya-Biso

**Gineya-Biso** cyangwa **Guneya-Biso** (izina mu giporutigali : *Guiné-Bissau* cyangwa *República da Guiné-Bissau* ) n’igihugu muri Afurika. Umurwa mukuru wa Gineya-Biso witwa Biso.

* President: Umaró Umbaló Sissoko (2020)
* Prime Minister: Geraldo Martins (2023)
Gineya Ekwatoriyale

**Gineya Ekwatoriyale** (izina mu cyesipanyole : *República de Guinea Ecuatorial* ; izina mu gifaransa : *République de Guinée Équatoriale* ) n’igihugu muri Afurika. Umurwa mukuru wa Gineya Ekwatoriyale witwa Malabo.
Giyana

**Guyana** (izina mu cyongereza : *Guyana* cyangwa *Co-operative Republic of Guyana*) n’igihugu muri Amerika.
Goronulande

**Goronulande** (izina mu kinyagurinilande : *Kalaallit Nunaat* ; izina mu kidanwa : *Grønland* ) n’igihugu muri Amerika. Umurwa mukuru wa Goronulande witwa Nuuk.
Gwasi

**Gwasi** (izina mu cyongereza : *Bailiwick of Guernsey* ; izina mu gifaransa : *Bailliage de Guernesey* ) n’igihugu muri Uburayi.
Gwatemala

**Gwatemala** (izina mu cyesipanyole : *Guatemala* cyangwa *República de Guatemala * ) n’igihugu muri Amerika.
Hayiti

**Hayiti** (izina mu kinyahayiti : *Ayiti* cyangwa *Repiblik Ayiti* ; izina mu gifaransa : *Haïti* cyangwa *République d'Haïti* ) n’igihugu muri Amerika.
Zimbabwe

**Zimbabwe** (izina mu cyongereza, gishona na kindebele amajyaruguru : *Zimbabwe* ) n’igihugu muri Afurika. Umurwa mukuru wa Zimbabwe witwa Harare.

President : Emmerson Mnangagwa
Zambiya

**Zambiya** (izina mu cyongereza : *Zambia* ) n’igihugu muri Afurika. Umurwa mukuru wa Zambiya witwa Lusaka.
Uburusiya

**U Burusiya** (izina mu kirusiya: *Россия* cyangwa *Российская Федерация*) ni igihugu mu Burayi no muri Aziya. Uburusiya butuwe n’abantu barenga 144.463.451 (2017).

Perezida wacyo ni Vladimir Putin wakomejwe binyuze mu mayeri y’itegeko nshinga.
Morodoviya

**Morodoviya** (izina mu kimokisha : *Мордовия Республикасы* ; izina mu kirusiya : *Республика Мордовия* ) n’igihugu mu Burusiya.