open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Little Bittern

## Little Bittern

Little Bittern ni ubwoko bw'inyoni bukomoka muri africa ,mu burayi

bwo hagati ndetse no mu majyepfo ya aziya y'uburengerazuba y'

amajyepfo na madagasikari, akaba ari inyoni zo muturere dushyuha

mu burayi ndetse na aziya y'uburengerazuba. izo nyoni zikaba ziba 

mu turere dukunda gushyuha, ibyo bikaba bidasanzwe mu kororoka 

kwazo https://ebird.org/species/litbit1

mu Bwongereza hari raporo zagiye zivugwa mu bworozi

mukinyejana cya 1946 na 1957, ariko ntana hamwe , murizo nyandiko

bwagaragaye.

## taxonomy

Umushakashatsi yasobanuye Littre Bittern muwi 1786.

* I M minutus (lunneaus 1766) Iboneka mu burayi, Aziya n afrika n'ubutayu bwa sahara
* I.m payesii (Harthaub 1858) iboneka muri afrika no munsi y'ubutau bwa sahara
* I.M podiceps (Bonapart 1985) Iboneka muri madagasikari 

## Imiterere

Little Bittern ifite uburebure bwa 30-38 cm na 13-15 hamwe n'amababa afite uburebure

bwa 52-58 cm na 20-23 in nintoya mu bworozi bwororerwa mu burayi. ingabo ifite

imiterere itandukanye niy'ingore . ingabo ifite umukara uvanze n'icyatsi kibisi cyoroshe inyuma

kumurizo,ibice byimbere n'ibara ryera ibara risa n'ibara ryijimye ritandukanye n'andi mabara

y'umukara rifite igipfukisho cy'imbere. igitsina gore nti cyoroshye kurusha igitsina gabo .

ikaba ifite ibara ryirabura , amababa agaragara hafi. ibice by'igitsina gore ntago bisukuye nkibya 

nkibyingabo, kandi byuzuyemo ibara ryijimye https://animalia.bio/little-bittern

ubusanzwe irisha amafi nutundi dukoko  dufatiwe mu rubungo cyangwa ku nkombe.

amagi yacyo ashyirwa mu cyari giherereye mu rubingo  rwinshi https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litbit1/cur/introduction https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=7AAD57ACA1C4ECA9
Muhazi beach resort

Muri iyi minsi Ikiyaga cya Muhazi kiri mu bikurura ba mukerarugendo by’umwihariko ab’imbere mu gihugu, kimwe mu bituma kiganwa cyane harimo na hotel nziza zikomeje kuzuzwa ku nkengero zacyo.

Imwe muri Hotel zakira abantu benshi bifuza gusura Ikiyaga cya Muhazi, ni ‘Muhazi Beach Resort’ yubatse mu Karere ka Rwamagana mu Murenge wa Muhazi.

Iyi Hotel yubatse neza ku nkengero z’ikiyaga cya Muhazi ifite amateka yihariye atangira mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.

Mu ishingwa ryayo yitwaga ‘Canard Sauvage’, amakuru akavuga ko bari barayihaye iri zina kubera ibishuhe byakundaga kuba byizengurutsa ku nkengero z’ikiyaga hafi y’aho yari yubatse.

## Amateka

### '''Yitorejwemo n’ingabo z’u Bufaransa zari zambariye gutabara Habyarimana'''
Murenzi yabwiye IGIHE ko bari bazi neza ko iyi hotel ari iya Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal, Col Sagatwa Elie, Kabuga Felicien n’uwari Burugumesitiri wa Komine Muhazi witwaga Nkurunziza.

Icyakora bari barayanditse ku Mubiligi Paul Henrio. Ni Hotel yakundaga kuruhukiramo abakomeye muri Leta ya Habyarimana ndetse yanaberagamo inama za Guverinoma zinyuranye.

Mu 1993, ubwo urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu rwari rugeze ahashyushye, iyi Hotel ni yo yaberagamo imyitozo y’ingabo z’u Bufaransa zari zakereye gutabara Habyarimana.

Abonye iby’urugamba byanze, Paul Henrio wari waranditsweho iyi Hotel ari na we wayigenzuraga yahise yisubirira iwabo mu Bubiligi.

## Ibindi
Iyi Hotel iherereye mu birometero bike cyane usohotse mu Mujyi wa Kayonza werekeza i Rwamagana kugeza ubu iri mu zisurwa n’abatari bake ariko abenshi bagataha batamenye amateka yayo.iyi hotel ikaba ifite ubusitani bwiza umuntu wese yajya kwirebera.

## Reba
Gereveriya

## Ubusobanuro

**Gereveriya** ni igiti bishimira kuko kitona kandi gitanga igicucu mu murima imyaka ikera neza, Ibi biti biterwa kubutaka butandukanye, ahari izubaryishi, haba gukora cyangwa gutera amashyamba cyangwa  no kubungabunga urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima mu gice cy'Amayaga,

### Gereveriya
gereveriya iterwa m'umirima y’abaturage yose, aho iterwa nki ibiti bivangwa n’imyaka, ndetse igafasha mu kuyitera  mu mirwanyasuri kandi Ibi biti birafasha kugirango imirima indateguka.

## Amashakiro
Inama y’umuryango w’abibumbye y’imihindagurikire y’ibihe mu wa 2006

**Inama y’umuryango w’abibumbye y’imihindagurikire y’ibihe mu mwaka wa 2006** yabaye hagati ya 6 na 17 Ugushyingo 2006 i Nairobi, muri Kenya . Muri iyo nama harimo imiryango y'amashyaka 12 yiga ku masezerano y’umuryango w’abibumbye y’imihindagurikire y’ibihe (UNFCCC) (COP12) ndetse n'inama ya kabiri y’amashyaka yiga ku masezerano ya Kyoto (MOP2).

Muri iyo nama, umunyamakuru wa BBC, Richard Black, yahimbye imvugo yitwa "ba mukerarugendo b’ikirere" kugira ngo asobanurire intumwa zimwe zitabiriye "kureba Afurika, gufata amashusho y’ibinyabuzima, abakene, abana b’abagore  bapfa". Black yavuze kandi ko kubera impungenge z’intumwa z’ibiciro by’ubukungu ndetse n’igihombo gishobora guterwa mu guhangana, benshi mu bitabiriye ibiganiro birinze kuvuga ko hagabanywa imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Black yashoje avuga ko hari itandukaniro hagati ya politiki na ngombwa bya siyansi.  N'ubwo banengwa, hari intambwe imaze guterwa muri COP12, harimo no mu rwego rwo gutera inkunga ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere ndetse n’iterambere ry’isuku . Impande zombi zemeje gahunda y’imyaka itanu y’imirimo yo gushyigikira imihindagurikire y’ikirere n’ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere, kandi bemeranya gushira mubikorwa uburyo bwo gushyigikira  ikigega cyo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Bemeye kandi kunoza imishinga yo guteza imbere isuku.

## Amashakiro
Ubuhumane

## ubuhumane

Ubuhumane ni ubwandu buterwa n’imyanda, ibikomoka ku butabire byangiza biva ku bikorwa bya muntu bishobora guhindura aho umuntu aba bikagira ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije harimo imibereho y’umuntu, inyamaswa, ibimera n’isi atuyeho.

### Imyuka

gupima ubuhumana binyura muri laboratwari yita ku bibazo bitatu byingenzi, byose bishingiye ku kirere, hari ikibazo kijyanye n'imihindagurikire y'ibihe iterwa n'imyuka ku buryo ituma ubushyuhe bwiyongera. Iyo myuka rero irapimwa hagatangwa ibipimo, bifasha abafata ibyemezo n'abakora iteganyagihe, Icya kabiri ifasha ni ya myuka yangiza agakingirizo ka ozone, iturinda imirasire y'izuba yangiza ubuzima n'ibimera. Igice cya gatatu ni ubuhumane bw'umwuka ni ukuvuga imyotsi yo mu modoka, imyotsi yo mu nganda niva mu guteka,y angiza umwuka duhumeka tukagira ingaruka z'amakanseri n'izindi ndwara izo nazo turazipima.

## Amashakiro
Umwuka

### Umwuka
Umwuka ni uruvange rwa gazi rutagaragara ruba mu kirere kandi ruhumekwa n’ibinyabuzima ariko rushobora kugira ingaruka ku mibereho yabyo ndetse n’ibidukikije muri rusange, urwo ruvange rw’ibinyabuzima by’ubwoko bwose harimo umuntu, inyamaswa z’amoko yose, ibimera by’amoko yose byaba ibiri ku butaka, mu butaka, mu mazi cyangwa mu kirere hamwe n’ubugirirane burangwa hagati yabyo byose ubisanga mu mwuka. 

### Umwuka mwiza n'umwuka mubi

Kimwe mu bituma ubuzima bushoboka ku Isi by’umwihariko, ni umwuka mwiza _( wa oxygène) ugize 21% by’uruhurirane rw’imyuka iri mu kirere cy’Isi (atmosphère), ugakurikira Nitrogène yihariye 78% by’imyuka yose iri mu kirere.Undi mwuka w’ingenzi ni gaz carbonique (CO2), ubarizwa mu ruhurirane rw’imyuka isigaye igize 1% by’iri mu kirere, CO2 ikiharira 0,04%. Nubwo CO2 ari nke cyane mu kirere, igira akamaro gakomeye mu buzima, aho akazwi ari uko yifashishwa n’ibimera mu gukura kwabyo (photosynthèse). Icyakora uyu mwuka unagira uruhare rufatika mu kuringaniza ingano y’ubushyuhe buri ku Isi.

### Izuba
Ubusanzwe izuba ni ryo soko y’ingenzi y’ingufu zikoreshwa ku Isi mu kurema ubushyuhe. Ziramutse zidahari, Isi yaba ikonje ku kigero ibinyabuzima byinshi bitashobora kwihanganira. Iyo Isi yakiriye izi ngufu z’Izuba, nayo izohereza mu kirere, aho zihura na CO2 ndetse n’umwuka uba wazamutse uturuka mu mazi ari ku Isi (vapeur d’eau).

## Amashakiro
Ibidukikije kamere

Ibidukikije kamere urusobe karemano rw’ibinyabuzima n’ibidafite ubuzima biba ku isi, harimo ubutaka, ikuzimu, amazi, umwuka, urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, imisozi n’ibibaya, ahantu nyaburanga n’inyubako karemano bigira ingaruka ku mibereho y’umuntu ndetse n’ibikorwa by’ubukungu.

### umutungo kamere

umutungo kamere ubarizwa mu bidukikije niho usanga hakenewe kongera ubufatanye bwabose  ku inzego zose mu kurinda no kubungabunga ibidukikije n’umutungo kamere hagamijwe kugera ku iterambere rirambye. Iyangirika ry’amashamba, ubutaka, ibyuka bihumanya ikirere biva mu nganda no  mu binyabiziga, gucunga nabi imyanda, ndetse n’ibindi bikorwa bitandukanye bya muntu ni bimwe mu biza ku isonga mu kwangiza ibidukikije hirya no hino ku isi. Ariko nanone ubumenyi buke n'imiturire y'akajagari na byo ari imbogamizi ikomeye ku bidukikije.

### Amashakiro
Inyoni ya Spur-winged goose

Muri iki gihe Isi ikataje mu iterambere ry’ibintu hafi ya byose nyamara rimwe na rimwe rishobora gutuma hari bimwe bizasigara ari amateka mu bitabo. Muri iki gihe kwibuza amahirwe yo kurebesha amaso kimwe mu bishushe binini ku rwego rw’Isi bikiboneka mu Rwanda ni ukunyagwa zigahera.

Ibyo ni nk’ibya wa mugani ngo “Kwambara ikirezi ntumenyeko cyera”. Amoko y’ibisiga n’inyoni byuzuye hirya no hino mu gihugu burya bikurura abantu bagaturuka imihanda yose y’Isi baje kubireba mu gihe benebyo bashobora kuba batabizi.

## '''Imiterere ya Spur-winged goose'''
Iki gishuhe kiboneka muri Afurika mu gice cyo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Africa. Spur-winged goose igice kinini cy’umubiri wayo hasa n’umukara n’akabara k’icyatsi kibisi gashashagirana gusa mu maso ni umweru kandi no ku mababa hagaragaraho ibara ry’umweru.

Ahandi hagaragara ibara ry’umweru ni ku gice cyo ku nda. Ikigore kiba gitandukanye n’ikigabo bitari mu ngano gusa ahubwo no mu kugira ibara ry’umutuku n’agashyundu aho umunwa utereye. Umunwa w’iki gishuhe n’amaguru bijya gusa n’umutuku.

Spur-winged goose y’ikigabo ishobora kugira uburemere bw’ibilo 10 nubwo hamwe na hamwe zishobora kugira ibiro bitanu, mu gihe iki gishuhe kiguruka ku muvuduko mwinshi gishobobora kugenda kilometero 142 ku isaha (142km/h).

## '''Aho Spur-winged goose iba'''
Ibi bishuhe bishobora kuboneka ahantu h’umukenke hari n’ibiyaga, ku migezi, mu bishanga, ahantu haje amazi bitewe n’umwuzure. Mu gice cya Afurika y’Uburasirazuba ibi bishuhe bishobora kugaragara ahantu h’ubutumburuke bwa metero 3000.

Mu Rwanda turacyafite amahirwe yo kuba tukibasha kubona izi nyoni mu bice bimwe na bimwe. Muri Kigali ibi bishuhe bishobora kuboneka mu Gatsata by’umwihariko mu gitondo, i Masaka ku Nyange Industries ibi bishuhe ushobora kubibona bishaka ibyo kurya cyangwa biguruka.

Ku kiraro cy’Akagera ibi bishuhe bigaragara binyura mu kirere. Rwandex na ho ibi bishuhe biraboneka mu gihe wahageze mu masaha yabyo yo gushaka ibyo kurya (mu gitondo bitarenze saa tatu cyangwa ni mugoroba guhera saa cyenda).

## '''Imirire'''
Spur-winged goose mbere na mbere itungwa n’ibimera byo mu mazi, utubuto, ibihingwa harimo: ibijumba, umuceri, ibigori, amasaka, amashaza, ibirayi, uburo, gusa rimwe na rimwe ishobora kurya amafi mato, ibinyamujonjorerwa n’udusimba duto. Spur-winged goose ifatwa nk’igishuhe kigira uburozi bitewe no kurya agasimba gato kitwa blister beetles.

## '''Reba'''
SQUACCO HERON

## SQUACCO HERON

SQUACCO n'inyoni ntoya kandi ndende ifite ubunini 

(20-23cm ) 8-9 in) hamwe n'amababa, inkomoko yayo kera 

yororoka mu majyepfo y'uburayi no mu burengerazuba bwa hagati.https://ebird.org/species/squher1

## IMYITWARIRE
Squacco  Heron n'inyoni yadutse vuba mu birwa bya Fernando de Noranha,

kandi ni gake cyane uzayibona ku mugabane wa amerika y'amajyepfo.

Squacco ikaba ari inyoni ifite ijosi rigufi, gafite inguni nini ya Bufffer brown

inyuma. Isura yayo ihindurwa mu guhaguruka , ikaba ifite ibara ryera cyane

kubera ibara ry'amababa. https://www.heronconservation.org/herons-of-the-world/list-of-herons/squacco-heron/

Squqcco Heron ikaba ikinda kororokera mu bishanga byo mu bihugu bishyuha

Squacco Heron ikaba itera amagi 3-4. ikaba itungwa n'amafi ibikeri n'utundi dukoko http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697123

## IMYOROROKERE
SQUACCO ikaba ikunda kuba ahantu haba amazi meza mu burayi ndetse

no muburasirazuba bwo hagati nkahantu ho korororera nyuma yimukira

mu majyepfo mu karere ka afrika yo munsi y'ubutayu bwa sahara.

iyi nyoni kandi ikaba isangiye imico nandi moko ya HERON nka pond heron

yo mu buhindi na Malagacy pond heron y'amababa meza yorohereye http://www.biodiversityexplorer.info/birds/ardeidae/ardeola_ralloides.htm https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=CE73EBD7A90E9FCF
Intermediate Egret

## Intermediate Egret

Intermediate Egret n'inyoni iri mu muryango  wa egrette cyangwa se https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22727668/181757896

mesophoyx, Ubu bwoko nkuko izina ry'ubumenyi bwa bigaragaje,

buringaniye mu bunini hagati ya egret nini nintoya zose zikaba zera

ikaba irushaho ibintu bike kurusha inini ikaba ifite 56-72Cm (22-28in)

amababa yayo ni 105-115Cm amababa yayo akaba apima amagarama

400, ikaba ifite amaguru avangiye umuhondo wijimye.https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/storks/

## itandukaniro nizindi Egret
ifite amababa asa mugihe atari korororoka ,ariko hagati nintoya hamwe

n'uburebure bw'ijosi munsi gato y'uburebure bw'umubiri ikagira 

n'umutwe muto cyane . naho Egret nini yo ifite Kink igaragara hafi 

y'ijosi ryayo ikaba ikunda guhagarara yerekeje ijosi imbere , mu mibonere

yayo akenshi ifata uruhande rwegereye imboni yayo ijisho ziyegereye ,

Egret kandi ifite ibirenge by'umuhondo ndetse n umukara.

ikunze kw'iruka inyuma y'amafi mumazi maremare. https://www.heronconservation.org/herons-of-the-world/list-of-herons/intermediate-egret/

## Imyitwarire ya Egret
Egret ikunda guhiga umuhigo wayo muburyo bworoshye mumazi maremare

y'inyanja cyangwa mu mazi meza, harimo n'imirima, irya amafi,igikona,

nutundi dukoko ikaba ikunda gutera amagi 2-3 ariko hashobora no kubaho

amagi agera kuri 6 , ibaba ry'amagi yayo ntasanzwe kuko arasa n'icyatsi kibisi

gifite igishishwa cyoroshye, iyo ziteye amagi zituraga nyuma 12 , igice cya kabiri

zirinda ibyari inyamanswa zo mukirere .abana bazo bashobora kuva mucyari 

nyuma y'iminsi 24 bakaba bakigaburirwa. https://web.archive.org/web/20230107014045/https://ebird.org/species/integr/ https://www.heronconservation.org/herons-of-the-world/list-of-herons/intermediate-egret/ https://web.archive.org/web/20230226003822/https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/integr/cur/introduction https://singaporebirds.com/species/intermediate-egret/
GOLIATH HERON

## GOLIATH HERON

iyi n'inyoni yitiranwa n'igihangange Goliyati izwi kw'izina 

rya Goliath Heron, n'inyoni nini cyane yo mubwoko 

bwa Heron, ibone muri afrika yo munsi y'ubutayu bwa

sahara,hamwe n'umubare muto uboneka mu majyepfo

y'ubungerazuba bwa aziya y'Epfo.https://www.oiseaux.net/birds/goliath.heron.htmlhttps://web.archive.org/web/20131210223741/http://avis.indianbiodiversity.org/ciconiiformes-ardeidae-bitterns-herons-and-egrets/goliath-heron-ardea-goliath.html

## Imiterere
Uburebure bwayo ni (120-152 cm (3 ft 11in 5 ft 0 )

amababa yayo ni (185-230cm( 6 ft 7 ) uburemere ni 4-5 kg

mu kuguruka Goliath ifite isura ikanganye kandi itandukanye

nizindi Heron. https://animaldiversity.org/site/accounts/information/Ardea%20goliath.html ikaba ifite amaguru adafashe neza , igitsina 

gabo ndetse n igitsina gore birasa, byose bitwikiriye amababa 

y'umukara. umutwe n'igitereko cyayo, isura umugongo, impande

z'ijosi. Goliath kandi ifite urusaku rurerure rwunvikanira hafi

muri 2km, ifite ijwi rikarishye cyane kandi rirerire 

mugihe cyo kokoroka gihura cyane cyane nigihe cy'imvura

nko mugushyingo kugeza muri werurwe.https://www.heronconservation.org/herons-of-the-world/list-of-herons/goliath-heron/ https://www.oiseaux-birds.com/card-goliath-heron.html https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/golher1/cur/introduction
Kongo Nili

### Kongo Nili
Kongo Nili cyangwa congo nili ni uruhererekane rw’imisozi ifite ubutumburuke buri hagati ya m 2500 na 3000, Iryo sunzu ricuramiye ikiyaga cya Kivu, rigabanya amazi y’u Rwanda mu bice bibiri amazi yisuka mu kibaya cy’uruzi rwa Kongo mu burengerazuba n’amazi yisuka mu kibaya cya Nili mu burasirazuba, Isunzu rya Kongo Nili, mu majyaruguru hashyira i burengerazuba, higanje uruhererekane rw’imisozi y’ibirunga bitanu harimo ikirunga kibisumba byose aricyo Karisimbi gifite ubutumburuke bungana na m 4507.

### Imiterere y’imisozi

Imiterere y’imisozi yo mu Rwanda iranyuraranye. Uvuye i burasirazuba ugana iburengerazuba ubutumburuke buri hagati ya m 1000 na 4500. Iburasirazuba burangwa n’imisozi migufi, mu gihugu hagati n’imisozi iringaniye n’aho mu burengerazuba n’imisozi miremire. Ibitwa byo mu gihugu hagati bifite ubutumburuke buri hagati ya m 2000 na 1500 kandi bigizwe ahanini n’imisozi ifite udusongero dusongoye cyangwa twibumbye. Iyo misozi itandukanywa 4 n’imibande ifite ubujyakuzima buri hagati ya metero 50 na 15 kandi irimo kenshi ubutaka bwaturutse ku misozi kubera isuri.

* Ibitwa byo mu gihugu hagati
* Imisozi migufi y’iburasirazuba
* Imisozi migufi y’amajyepfo y’uburengerazuba mu kibaya cya Bugarama

### Amashakiro
DWARF BITTERN

## DWARF BITTERN

Inyoni ya Dwarf ni ubwoko bwa heron mu muryango wa Ardeidei. https://ebird.org/species/dwabit1 

## ikwirakwizwa
inyoni ya Dwarf Bittern iboneka muri ; Benin,Angola, Botswana.

Burkinafaso, Burundi,cameroon, Tchad,congo,cote d'ivoir, guinea

Ethiopia,Gabon,Gambia,Ghana,kenya, libia,Malawi,Mali,Mouritian,

mozambique,namibia,nigeria , Rwanda,senegar,siyer leonne,

somalia , south africa, spain.(ibirwa bya canary) sudan,tanzaniya 

togo,uganda,zambia na zimbabwe. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697327/93608515 iyi nyoni yo mu mubwoko bwa

Heron ikaba ikinda kuzerera bidasanzwe  mu burengerazuba bwa

palearctic (Igizwe n'uburayi , africa y'amajyaruguru n,uburasirazuba

bwo hagati.) igakunda kuboneka cyane cyane mu birwa bya conary.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327070553_Two_Dwarf_Bitterns_on_Fuerteventura_Canary_Islands_in_winter_of_201718
Ishwagara

Ishwagara  ni ibisigazwa by’udusimba twabayeho cyera cyane. Ishwagara nayo amazi ayinjiramo vuba, igihe cy’izuba iba umukungugu ariko mu mvura ikamatira cyane. Ishwagara ivanze n’ibumba ndetse n’imborera itanga ubutaka bwiza burumbuka.

## Ishwagara mu buhinzi

Ishwagara ikoreshwa mu buhinzi butandukanye nko mu buhhinzi bw’imyumbati , Ishwagara kandi Ikoreshwa iyo ubutaka busharira hakoreshwa kg 30 by’ishwagara inoze kandi yumutse kuri Ari imwe buri myaka 2 , ishwagara Ishyirwa mu murima nibura ibyumweru 4 mbere yo gutera , Ishwagara kandi Inyanyagizwa mu murima ugahita urenzaho igitaka. Ishwagara ishobora gukorana nifumbire y'imborera, rero ifumbire y’imborera ikoreshwa kuri Ari 1, Koresha ibiro 100 kuri Ari 1 = cyangwa ingorofani 2 , Ishyirwamo hashize ibyumweru 2 ishwagara igiyemo cyangwa mu gihe cy’itera, Yinyanyagize mu murima uhite urenzaho igitaka mu gihe usanza ndetse n'ishwagara .

### Amashakiro
Umubande

Akabande cyangwa umubande ahantu hari hagati y’utununga cyangwa imisozi ibiri harangwa n’isoko y’amazi y’imusozi cyangwa y’ikuzimu. Kandi cyikaba  igice kigaragara hejuru ku buso bw’isi kibaho ibinyabuzima harimo ibimera, inyamaswa n’abantu.

### Ibikorwa
Akabande cyangwa umubande hakunze kuba harangwa n'amazi cyangwa ubutaka bworoshye, ibi bituma bigorana guhatura  cyangwa kuhashyira inyubako, akeshi Akabande cyangwa umubande hakunze gukorerwaa ibikorwa byubuhinzi nki mirima y'imigenda cyangwa imitabo,hakaba kandi hakorerwa ibikorwa by'ubworozi.

Aha mu kabande cyangwa umubande  niho usanga ibikorwa bitandukanye bicukurwamo maze bigatanga amashanyarazi nk'anyitamungegeri. hari akabande tugiye tuzwi nka kabande ka Nyarubera ku Kibuga aha  ubu ni mu Karere ka Huye.

### Inyamaswa  mu mubande

Ubundi  hari inyamaswa zibera mu gishanga, Nku  musanbi, rero umusambi ukunze kuba munsi y’urugo ahantu hakonje, cyangwa ahegereye igishanga, cyangwa mu bishanga birimo amavomo aho mucyaro yitwa kano. Imisambi isigaye iba hamwe, kuko ubusanzwe muri kamere yayo itungwa n’udukoko two mu gishanga, ikogoga umubande wose ishaka ibyo kurya kuburyo yashoboraga kuva mu murenge umwe ikirirwa mu gishanga cy’undi murenge ikaza gutaha igihe cy’izuba rya Kiberinka, hari imisambi yabaga mu mubande wegereye igishanga cya Kanyonyomba. 

### Amazi
Mugishanga nubyo hakorerwa ibikorwa bitandukanye, amazi hayo akunze kuba ari mabi afite umwanda cyane ndetse anatera irwara. Rero kubaturiye  akabande bavoma mu dusoko, cyangwa se bakadaha amazi hasi, ni ukuvuga ko hakomoka amazi mabi bikagi ingaruka mbi kubera umwanda, harimo kurwaza abana inzoka. 

### Ibishanga
Mu bishanga bizwi, harimo **igishanga cya Rwampara**,  **igishanga cya Gikondo**,  **igishanga cya Nyabugog**o, **igishanga cya** **Rugenge** agazwi nko mu Rwintare na Kibumba. 

## Ibyiza Byibishanga
𝗜𝗯𝗶𝘀𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗮 𝗻𝗶 𝘂𝗺𝘂𝘁𝘂𝗻𝗴𝗼 𝗸𝗮𝗺𝗲𝗿𝗲 𝘂fatiye 𝗿𝘂𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗶 abantu  Ibishanga ni icyigega cya mazi; Ibishanga bifasha kuyungurura amazi; Ibishanga ni indiri y’ urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima;  Ibishanga bidufasha  guhangana n’ Ibiza.

## Amashakiro
Ifumbire y’imborera

**Ifumbire y’imborera**

cyangwa imborera ituruka ku bisigazwa by’inyamaswa n’ibimera byaboreye ahantu. Imborera ikungahaye ku byangombwa bitunga ibimera. Ubutaka bworoshye bunyurwamo n’amazi vuba (umusenyi) irabufatanya bukegerana. Ubutaka bufatanye cyane bw’intamenwa (ibumba ryumye) ibuha koroha bugahumeka ndetse igaha intungamubiri igihingwa gikenera,bityo bigatuma gikura neza ukobikwiye kigatanga umusaruro.

## Uko imborera ikorwa

ifumbire iba igizwe n’uruvange rugizwe n’amase y’inka avanga n’ibisigazwa by’umusaruro w’ibigori, ibarizo, ubwatsi bwitwa sitariya atunganyiriza mu cyobo cyabugenewe, rukamaramo amezi atanu, nyuma yaho akaba ari bwo atangira kuyikoresha mu buhinzi bwe.

### uko ikoreshwa
Mu buhinzi hakenerwa ifumbire y’imborera iboze kandi ihoze kugira ngo ifashe ubutaka noneho ibihingwa bizatange umusaruro mwiza. Ingano y’ifumbire y’imborera ikoreshwa kuri Ari 1,  iKoresha ibiro 100 kuri Ari 1 = cyangwa ingorofani 2, Ishyirwamo hashize ibyumweru 2 ishwagara igiyemo cyangwa mu gihe cy’itera , Yinyanyagize mu murima uhite urenzaho igitaka mu gihe usanza,  imborera ikoreshwa rimwe n'arimwe hamwe  Ishwagara ikoreshwa mu buhinzi butandukanye nko mu buhinzi bw’akumisozi, imborera hamwe n'ishwagara kandi Ikoreshwa iyo ubutaka busharira hakoreshwa kg 30 by’ishwagara inoze kandi yumutse kuri Ari imwe buri myaka 2 , ishwagara Ishyirwa mu murima nibura ibyumweru 4 mbere yo gutera , Ishwagara kandi Inyanyagizwa mu murima ugahita urenzaho igitaka.

### Amashakiro
Umusenyi

Umusenyi uva mu mabuye akomeye cyane amanyagurikamo uduce duto cyane cyangwa agahindukamo nk’umukungugu. Mu musenyi amazi yinjiramo kandi agasohokamo ku buryo bworoshye. Ibi bituma ubutaka bw’umusenyi butabika ubuhehere maze bugashyuha mu gihe cy’izuba.

### Bateri y'umusenyi
Bateri y'umusenyi bateri ikoresha umusenyi ishobora kubika inguvu zidakomotse ku bicukurwa mu kuzimu, Hakoreshejwe umusenyi w’intete ntoya, iyo bateri irashuha n’ingufu nyinshi zivuye ku mirasire y’izuba hamwe nu muyaga, Uwo musenyi ubika ubika ubwo bushuhe gushika ku rugero rwa Celcius 500, Izo ntete z’umusenyi ntoya ninziza cyane kandi zikaba inzira yoroshe kandi isaba uburyo buke yo kubika ingufu zizakoreshwa igihe zizaba zikenewe mu gihe kirekire..

## Amashakiro
Inyoni y'ikijwangajwanga

Mu gihe zimwe mu nyoni iyo bigeze igihe cyo kubaka icyari ushobora gusanga ikigore cyangwa ikigabo cyubaka  icyari cyonyine kugeza n’ubwo tubasha kubona inyoni zitandukanye zitajya zubaka ibyari ahubwo zitera amagi mu myobo cyangwa izindi zigacukura ibiti n’ubundi buryo butandukanye.

Iyo bigeze ku nyoni bita ibijwangajwanga usanga zifite umwihariko wo gukorera hamwe haba mu kubaka icyari, mu kurarira amagi nabwo zisimburana kubikora kandi ntibirangirira aho ahubwo bigakomeza kugera ubwo no kugaburira no kurinda imishwi nabwo zifatanyiriza hamwe. Mbese uretse ibyo, ibindi twamenya kuri izo nyoni zigira urusaku rukabije ni ibihe?

## '''Imiterere y’ikijwangajwanga'''
Ikijwangajwanga ni inyoni iringaniye ishobora kugira uburebure bwa santimetero 23-25, ikaba ishobora kugira uburemere bwa garama 56-86.

Iyi nyoni iyo ikuze iba isa n’ikijuju, ku nda hajya gusa n’ibara ry’ivu hakabaho n’uturongo duhagaze ku mababa kandi imirizo ijya gusa n’ikijuju cyijimye. Amaso aba ajya gusa n’umuhondo woroheje ariko hari n’izigira ku muzenguruko w’ijisho agahu k’umuhondo gakurikirwa n’agahu k’umutuku. Umunwa n’ibirenge birirabura.

## '''Aho wagisanga'''
Ibijwangajwanga ni inyoni ziboneka ahantu henshi mu Rwanda no mu bindi bihugu bimwe na bimwe bya Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara. Izi nyoni zikunda kuboneka mu bihuru, ahantu h’umukenke no mu busitani. Izi nyoni kandi zikunda kuboneka mu biti biri ku nkengero z’amazi, ibiti bimera mu bishanga, ahantu hakikije ubworozi, imirima y’ubuhinzi n’ahandi hatandukanye.

## '''Imirire'''
Ibijwangajwanga mbere na mbere bitungwa n’ibiburangoro kandi mu gushaka ibyo kurya bibikora biri mu itsinda ry’inyoni 4-10 hasi ku butaka n’ahandi. Mu byo izi nyoni zirya harimo: ibinyamunjonjorerwa, ibitagangurirwa, imiswa, inswa, ibihore, ibinyugunyugu, isazi, intozi, imiserebanya, imbuto n’ubuki bwo mu ndabo n’ibindi.

## '''Imyororokere'''
Ibijwangajwanga iyo bigeze mu gihe cyo kororoka bikora igisa n’ubudehe kuko iyo bigeze mu kubaka icyari ibigize amatsinda ryose biraza bigafatanya kubaka, kurarira no kugaburira imishwi. Akenshi ibijwangajwanga bikunda kubaka icyari mu biti hejuru kuva kuri metero 3-7 uvuye ku butaka.

Iyo icyari kimaze gutungana ikigore gitera amagi 2-5 kenshi na kenshi gitera amagi 3. Ayo magi mu gihe cyo kuyararira inyoni zigize itsinda zose zifatanya kuyararira mu gihe cy’iminsi 13-17. Iyo imishwi imaze guturagwa igaburirwa n’inyoni zigize itsinda ryose kandi iyo imaze iminsi 18-21 iba imaze gukura neza. Iyo imishwi ibonye itsinda rigizwe n’inyoni zihagije ziva mu cyari zikigendera ariko iyo itsinda rigizwe n’inyoni nkeya zirahaguma.

## '''Ibibangamira ibijwangajwanga'''
Uretse ikibazo cyo kubura aho ibijwangajwanga biba bitewe no gutemwa kw’amashyamba, Ibijwangajwanga bihigwa kandi bikaribwa n’ubwoko bwa kagoma bwitwa Wahlberg.

Ntabwo ari ibyo gusa kuko iyo izi nyoni ziteye amagi izindi nyoni zitwa Levaillant’s cuckoo ziraza zikongeramo ayazo. Gusa nubwo bimeze bityo ariko muri iki gihe Umuryango mpuzamahanga wita ku bidukikije ushyira ibijwangajwanga ku rutonde rw’inyoni zikiboneka kandi zitageramiwe.

## '''Reba'''
Ibyatsi bifata ubutaka

Ubu ni uburyo bwifashishwa mu buhinzi aho batera ibyatsi bifite imizi miremire bigafata ubutaka bushobora kugenda bitewe ni isuri aha twavuga nka tiribusakumu, sitariya, mukuna, urubingo.

### Gutera ibiti

**Gutera ibiti** harimo ibivangwa n’imyaka ni bumwe mu buryo bwiza bwo kugabanya ndetse no kurwanya isuri kuko bifata imisozi bityo imvura iguye ntigire ubukana k’ubutaka kuko ifatwa mu mashami n’ibibabi ikagera hasi itagifite ubukana ahubwo amazi y’imvura agacengera mu butaka. Ni ngombwa rero kongera gutera amashyamba aho yarari hakurikijwe ubuhaname bw’umusozi, ndetse no gutera ibiti bivangwa n’imyaka ahagenewe ubuhinzi.

### Amashakiro
Uburenganzira bwa muntu n' ibidukikije

Abantu bose bashingiye kubidukikije dutuyemo. Ibidukikije bifite umutekano, bisukuye, bifite ubuzima bwiza kandi birambye ni ntangarugero mu kwishimira byimazeyo uburenganzira bwa muntu butandukanye, harimo uburenganzira ku buzima, ubuzima, kubyo kurya, amazi n’isuku. Nta bidukikije bifite ubuzima bwiza, ntidushobora gusohoza ibyifuzo byacu. Ntidushobora kugera no ku gipimo gito cy'icyubahiro cya muntu.

## Gufata neza ibidukikije bituma abantu bagira ubuzima bwiza .

Kugira ngo abantu bazagire ubuzima bwiza mu mwaka wa 2030 bibanda mu kugabanya abantu bahura n’imyanda yangiza mu kirere, amazi, ubutaka, ibiryo, nibikoresho mu ngo no ku kazi. Ubushakashatsi buvugako; abantu barenga miliyoni 12 kwisi bapfa buri mwaka kubera ko baba cyangwa bakorera ahantu hadasukuye. Umwanda wangiza ibidukikije ushobora gutera ibibazo byubuzima nkindwara zubuhumekero, indwara z'umutima, na kanseri zimwe na zimwe. Abantu bafite amikoro make barashobora gutura ahantu handuye kandi bafite amazi meza yo kunywa. Kandi abana n'abagore batwite bafite ibyago byinshi byo guhura nibibazo byubuzima bijyanye n’umwanda.

## Kubungabunga ibidukikije birengera uburenganzira bwa muntu .
Ibihugu byinshi ubu byinjije uburenganzira ku bidukikije bisukuye mu itegeko nshinga ryabyo. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku isano riri hagati y’uburenganzira bwa muntu n’ibidukikije bigenda byiyongera muri iyi myaka. Inshingano z’uburenganzira bwa muntu n’ibidukikije, zashyizweho muri Werurwe 2012 zaguka muri 2018, zisuzuma inshingano z’uburenganzira bwa muntu kuko zijyanye n’ibidukikije bitekanye, bifite isuku, ubuzima bwiza kandi burambye.

## Ibyakorwa kugirango tugire ibidukikije bisukuye.

*
* Abantu bagomba gushira mubikorwa amategeko agabanya umwanda w’ibidukikije.
* Guverinoma igomba gushyiraho politiki yo kugabanya ibikorwa bigira ingaruka ku bidukikije.
* Gushyira mu bikorwa amategeko  arwanya ikoreshwa rya plastiki bigomba kogerwamo imbaraga.
* Abacuruzi agomba gukoresha cg kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishobora kongera gukoreshwa. 
* Gushyiraho ikigega gifasha mu kubungabunga ibidukikije.
* No kogera amashyamba. 

## Amashakiro
Ikiraro cy'ingufuri z'urukundo

'Le pont Honenzollem’ cyangwa se ikiraro cy’ingufuri z’urukundo  ni hamwe mu hantu nyaburanga mu Budage hasurwa n’umubare munini w’abantu, cyane cyane abakundana baba baje kuhahamiriza isezerano ry’urudashira bafitanye.

## inkomoko

Cologne-Köln ni Umujyi umaze imyaka 2000, uherereye mu Budage ukaba umujyi urimo ibikorwaremezo bitandukanye cyane cyane ibishingiye ku muco wo muri ako karere k’iburengerazuba uherereyemo.

Uyu mujyi unyurwamo n’umugezi wa Rhine, ukoreshwa cyane mu ngendo z’ubwato no kwikorera ibicuruzwa bijya hirya no hino mu Burayi. Cologne-Köln yongeye kubakwa nyuma y’intambara ya kabiri y’Isi kuko yari yarawushegeshe.

Ni umujyi usurwa cyane na ba mukerarugendo baturuka hirya no hino ku Isi, kubera ubwiza bwawo. Mu bice bisurwa cyane harimo Cathédrale de Cologne na Musée Ludwig, irimo ibihangano byo mu kinyejana cya 20 birimo n’iby’umuhanzi uzwi cyane nka Picasso.

Muri iyi nkuru turagaruka ku rwibutso rudasanzwe abakerarugendo n’abatuye muri ako karere bakunze gusiga ku Kiraro bita Honenzollem (Le pont Honenzollem).

## Ubukerarugendo buhakorerwa
Abakerarugendo benshi n’abandi baturuka hirya no hino muri iki Gihugu, bashyira ingufuri z’urukundo kuri iki kiraro cyitwa Hohenzollernbrücke kugira ngo berekane amarangamutima y’urukundo bafitiye abo bakunda.

Iki kiraro cyabaye nk’ahantu ho kwerekanira urukundo rutagira ubuhemu bitewe n’amagambo abakundana basiga ku ngufuri ziri ku nkengero z’iki kiraro.

Usanga abakundana bahaza mu rwego rwo gutungura abo bakunda. Baba bitwaje ingufuri banditseho amagambo y’urukundo magufi, ubundi ingufuri umwe mu bakundana akayifungira mu maso ya mugenzi, ati “urukundo rwanjye nawe rurafunze ubuzira herezo”, ubundi akanaga infunguzo mu mugezi wa Rhine bakigendera.

## Andi mateka
Iki kiraro basigaho izi ngufuri gifite amateka akomeye kuko cyubatswe mu 1907 gitahwa 1911, kigizwe n’ibice bibiri, aho kimwe kigenewe gucaho za tramway umuntu yakwita Gari ya Moshi nto n’inini ndetse n’imodoka zigana mu Mujyi, ikindi gice kigenewe abanyamaguru n’amagare.

Iki kiraro ni kimwe mu bitararashweho ibisasu mu ntambara ya kabiri y’Isi, ariko haje gufatwa icyemezo, Abadage ubwabo barakirasa kugira ngo abo barwanaga nabo batacyambukiraho, ubwo hari mu 1945.

Nyuma y’intambara ya kabiri y’Isi, ikiraro cyongeye kubakwa gifungurwa mu 1948. Uyu munsi Ikiraro Hohenzollern ni kimwe mu bikunzwe cyane kandi bisurwa n’abantu benshi.

Uretse ingufuri z’urukundo, iki kiraro kandi ugisangaho abahanzi baririmba indirimbo z’urukundo banacuranga. Mu nkengero zaho hari ahantu nyaburanga ho kuruhukira, hoteli na restaurants zikikije umugezi Rhin byose byinjiza akayabo k’amadovize.

## Reba
Umusozi wa Nzoga

Nzoga ni umusozi muremure uherereye mu Mudugudu wa Runyinya, Akagari ka Kagabiro, Umurenge wa Mubuga mu karere ka Karongi, mu Ntara y’Iburengerazuba.

Imizi y’uyu musozi ishoreye mu Kiyaga cya Kivu. Kuwugeraho ni urugendo rw’iminota 20, uri mu modoka uturutse mu mujyi wa Karongi.

## Inkomoko
Wumvise iri zina wakeka ko utuwe n’abakunzi b’agatama nyamara n’abarokore barahaba.

Abatuye kuri uyu musozi bakiri bato ntibazi inkomoko y’izina ’Nzoga’ wahawe uyu musozi, nyamara abakuru bo babizi neza.

### Biseruka Pascal
Biseruka Pascal wavukiye kuri uyu musozi yabwiye IGIHE ko azi inkomoko y’izina Nzoga ryahawe uyu musozi, ufite ishusho y’umutemeri.

Ati "Ni uko ibintu bigenda bicika aho byahoze, naho ubundi uyu musozi wabagaho urutoki rwinshi kandi rwiza, abahatuye bakamenya kwenga urwagwa rwiza rw’umwimerere, buri munsi ugasanga bahishije, bicaye banywa, ababibonye bakavuga ngo hariya hantu ni kuri Nzoga, izina rifata rityo".

Abazi Nzoga bavuga ko igizwe n’ibice bibiri. Nzoga Runyinga na Nzoga Mweya ariko yombi iri mu kagari kamwe ka Kagabiro.

Kugera mu 1994, Nzoga yarangwaga n’urutoki rwinshi ariko uyu murage waje kuvaho ku buryo umuntu utahazi muri iyo myaka atamenya ko higeze urutoki.

### Iryivuze Thomas
Iryivuze Thomas, ni umusaza w’imyaka 60 utuye mu kagari ka Kagabiro. Yavuze ko nyuma ya 1994 aribwo aka gace kibasiwe n’indwara ya kirabiranya. Iyi ndwara niyo yashyize iherezo ku rutoki rwinshi rwahabaga.

## Ibindi
Uyu munsi iyo ugeze kuri uyu musozi wa Nzoga usanga igihingwa kihiganje ari makadamiya (macadamia), ari naho bamwe bahera bavuga ko mu minsi iri imbere izina rishobora kuzahinduka hakitwa kuri makadamiya aho gukomeza kwitwa kuri Nzoga.

Uretse uyu musozi wa Nzoga uherereye mu karere ka Karongi, hari undi musozi witwa Nzoga uherereye mu murenge wa Muyira mu karere ka Nyanza.

Abasaza batuye kuri uyu musozi bo bavuga ko iri zina ryo rikomoka ku musaza wari uhatuye ku ngoma ya Yuhi Gahindiro.

Uwo musaza yari umuhanga mu kwega inturire n’inkangaza. Iyo umwami yabazaga abagaragu be aho bajya guhigira, bamusubizaga ko bashaka kujya kuri uyu musozi, kugira ngo bage kunywa inzoga kwa Sebisoga.

Aba bagaragu bagezeho bakajya bavuga kwa Nzoga aho kuvuga kwa Sebisoga, biza kurangira Nzoga rivuye kuri Sebisoga riba izina ry’uyu musozi wo mu murenge wa Muyira.

## Reba
Ibitare bya Mpushi

Abazi amateka yo “Ku bitare bya Mpushi” bahamya ko ubwo umwami Ruganzu II Ndoli yahanyuraga yahasize ibimenyetso birimo igisoro, ikibumbiro, amajanja y’imbwa ze, intebe yicaragaho, ikinono cy’inka, n’aho bashyiraga ingobyi y’umwami.

Ariko kuri ubu iyo uhageze usanga ibyo bimenyetso byaratangiye kwangirika ku buryo hatitaweho byasibangana burundu.

## Amateka
Ibitare bya Mpushi biherereye mu Kagari ka Mpushi mu Murenge wa Musambira, mu bilometero 10, uvuye aho imodoka zihagarara ku Kivumu ku muhanda wa kaburimbo Kigali-Huye.

Ni ahantu hejuru y’umusozi hari ibibuye binini (ibitare) bifite ubutumburuke burebure. Ngo hari abazungu bahakorera siporo yo kuzamuka ku migozi.

## Ibindi
Kuri ubu ubuyobozi bwahagaritse abahacukuraga amabuye yo kubaka, ndetse bukangurira n’abaturage kuhabungabunga bakirinda gukora ibikorwa byahangiza.

Ku “Bitare bya Mpushi” uretse abazungu bajya kubikoreraho siporo, hari n’abakristo bajya kuhasengera.

## Reba
BLACK HEADED GULL

## BLACK HEADED GULL

Black headed Gull n'inyoni ikunda kugaragara mu burengera bwa kanada

ariko ikanakunda kugaragara nahantu horoheje nko mu burengerazuba 

bw'uburayi.umubare muto ugaragara no mumajyaruguru y'amerika 

n'inyoni zizwiho kugira umutwe w'umukara.https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Black-headed_Gull/id

Black Headed Gull kandi ikunze kugaragaza imico idasanze ugereranije

n'izindi nyoni kuko izwiho kugira isuko nko mugihe kivuka ry'abana bayo 

iyi nyoni izwiho kugira umutwe w'umukara ikora amasuku mu cyari cyayo

nko kuguramo ibishishwa by'amagi mucyari cyayo https://www.rspb.org.uk/birds-and-wildlife/wildlife-guides/bird-a-z/black-headed-gull/ 

## IMITERERE

Iyi nyo ikaba ipima( 37-44 cm( 14-17in) ikagira ikagira uburebure bwa (97-110cm( 37-43n)

amababa yayo agapima (190-400G (6-14OZ)

bhg ninyoni ifite umutwe w'umukara ikagira ibara ryera ku kumubiri ndetse ikanagira n'amaguru

y'umutuku . iyo uyirebeye kure ubona umutwe wayo ujya gusa shokora.https://www.birdspot.co.uk/bird-identification/black-headed-gull BHG wayisanga 

ahantu mu rubingo cyangwa mu bishanga kubirwa byo mu biyaga byera hasi ninyoni zigaragara 

kubirwa cyane gusa niwayisanga kunkombe https://www.birdspot.co.uk/bird-identification/black-headed-gull

ubu bwoko kandi bufata imyaka 2 kugirango bukure. inyoni zifite umutwe w'umukara n'inyoni 

ndende zifite imyaka ntarengwa byibuze imyaka 32.9 yanditswe mw'ishyamba, usibye 

anecdote ubu yizerako ari kudashidikanya ko hari inyoni yimyaka 63.

## IMYITWARIRE

Gukuraho amagi mugihe cy'ituraga ,iyo myitwarire igaragara mu nyoni iyo zimaze gukura ,

iyo myitwarire igaragara cyane kugirango zigabbanye ibyago byo guhigwa https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Black-headed_Gull/overview gukuraho

ibishihwa by'amagi bikorwa cyane kugirango bigabanye ibyago by'inyamaswa zibona icyari.

kujugunya kure cyane ibishishwa by'amagi niko ibyago byo guhigwa bigabanuka.https://animalia.bio/black-headed-gullhttps://www.firstchoiceproduce.com/blog/gulls-eggs-a-chefs-guide/https://web.archive.org/web/20230401150643/https://www.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/ENGLISH/ABOUT/APPENDIX/appendix07.htm
GREY HERON

## GREY HERON
Grey heron ninyoni ndede ikomoka mu muryango waba heron, kavukire 

nomuri aziya ndetse no mubice bya afrika. mugihe cy'izuba iyi nyoni 

uyisanga mu bishanga cyanga ukayisanga hafi y'ibiyaga , ndetse no kunkombe 

z'ibiyaga.umuhigo wayo uwusanga mumazi cyangwa utundi gusimba dutandukanye

Grey heron ipima (1M (3 ft3)  igapima 1-2kg ifite umutwe wera n'ijosi hamwe

n'umurongo mugari uva kumaso ukagera kumutwe w'umukara umubiri n'amababa

bisa gray cyangwa se imvi naho munsi yagatuza n'ibara ryera hamwe n'umukara kumpande

ikagira umumwa muremure w'umuhondo n'amaguru yijimye.https://web.archive.org/web/20160112220326/http://www.heronconservation.org/styled-5/styled-6/

## IMYOROROKERE
Inyoni zororoka mu mpeshyi,Ubusanzwe inyoni zubaka ibyari byazo hejuru y'ibiti, ikaba 

itera amagi kuva kuri 3-5 

## Taxonomy

Grey n'inyoni nini ihagaze ipima 100cm(40 in)
Umushinga wa Green sport park

Mu 2014 ni bwo Ngarambe Jean Paul yatangiye gushyira mu bikorwa umushinga wo kubaka ahantu ho kwidagadurira no kuruhukira binyuze mu mikino itandukanye yise Green Sports Park.

Uyu mushinga uherereye mu Kagari ka Kagasa mu Murenge wa Gahanga mu Karere ka Kicukiro. Uri ku buso bwa hegitari imwe.

## Umwihariko
Green Sports Park ifite umwihariko wo kuba ari wo mushinga wa mbere mu Mujyi wa Kigali wahurije hamwe imikino itandukanye aho abanyamujyi bashobora guhurira bagakina, bakanaharuhukira nyuma yo kuva ku kazi birirwamo buri munsi.

Imikino iyirimo iyobowe n’uw’amagare yo mu misozi [Mountain Bike], wiyongeraho Basketball, Badminton, Volleyball, Beach Volleyball, PingPong, Beach Tennis, Mini-Football, Chess, imyitozo ngororamubiri ikorerwa muri gym tonic, gukina igisoro ndetse no gukora siporo abantu bifashishije ‘escalier’.

Green Sports Park yubatse mu buryo butangiza ibidukikije bigendanye n’icyerekezo cy’igihugu n’Isi muri rusange. Ibikoresho byose byifashishijwe ntibyangiza ibidukikije.

## Ibindi
Usibye ibibuga biyirimo, iyi pariki inafite Inzu ndangamuco irimo ibikoresho gakondo byo mu Rwanda rwo hambere.

Umusozi uriho umushinga wa Green Sports Park wahoze nta biti biwuriho, ubu byaratewe ndetse hazamurwa imbuto n’ibyatsi byawugaruriye ubuzima.

Kugeza ubu nta kiguzi bisaba k’ushaka kwinjira muri Green Sports Park, gusa ababishaka babisaba mbere kugira ngo amakipe cyangwa abantu benshi badahurira mu kibuga kimwe ntibidagadure ku rwego bifuzaga.

## Reba
Umwuzure wa Uruguayan mu wa 1959

Muri Mata 1959, umwuzure ukabije wibasiye igihugu cya Irigwe (Spanish) byari bikomeye cyane mu mateka agezweho y'igihugu.

Imvura yatangiye kugwa ku ya 24 Werurwe kugeza ku ya 23 Mata kandi kubera iyo mpamvu Río Negro yagize ikibazo gikomeye . Amazi yambutse urugomero rwa Rincón del Bonete .

## Inkomoko

* ePeirano, Ricardo (2000–2002). *Gran Enciclopedia del Uruguay*. Barcelona: Sol 90. OCLC 51576630.  

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* pilotoviejo.com Las inundaciones del 59. Las operaciones aéreas.
* Aéro Club del Uruguay, Notas y Ibirori / Las inundaciones del '59
* El Batallon de Ingenieros de Combate No 3, Paso de los Toros, Uruguay
* Testimonio de la Operación Terraplen
Purple heron

## purple heron

ubu ni ubwoko bw'inyoni ziguruka zituruka mu mueyango wa heron, Ardeidae ikagira,

ibara ryumuyugumbwe , yororoka muri afrika ndetse no mu burayi bwo hagati ndetse .

no mumajyepfo ya aziya https://wildlifesafari.info/purple_heron.htm, isa nkaho igaragara nka grey cyangwa se ivu n'inyoni ntoya

yoroheje kandi ifite plumage yijimye, ikunda gutura mu bimera byinshi kandi hafi y'amazi

cyane cyane mu rubingo. ihiga inyamanswa zitandukanye harimo n'amafi, imbeba ubikeri

nutundi dukoko dutandukanye .https://ebird.org/species/purher1https://www.birdid.no/bird/eBook.php?specieID=1580

## IMITERERE
Purple heron n'inyoni nini ipima uburebure bwa(78-97Cm(31-38in) ikaba ari inyoni yoroshye 

ku bunini bwayo ipima (0.5-1-35kg (1.1-3.0Ib) , ifite uruhanga n'ikamba ry'irabura hamwe,

umurongo w'ijimye munsi y'ijosi urangirira ku mutwe,ibice bisigaye byo hejuru hamwe  hamwe

ikagira amababa maremare arambuye, ikagira inda no munsi y'umurizo byirabura. ikagira 

umumwa wijime usa n'umuhondo kandi muremure ufite imbaraga kandi ugororotse. ninyoni

y'ibanga kurenza izindi zo mubwoko bwazo bwa Heron imara amasaha menshi iryamye

mu rubingo. ikora cyne mugitondo na nimugoroba ikarishanya hamwe n'izindi nyoni hagati 

y'umunsi n'ijoro, igaburira mu mazi magari , ifata umuhigo wayo mukanywa kayo gakomeye,

ikunda kurya ahanini indyo igizwe n'amafi, inyamaswa z'inyamabere, inzoka inyoni zo mukirere

izoka ,ibikona n'udusimba two mumazi.https://www.heronconservation.org/herons-of-the-world/list-of-herons/purple-heron/https://www.britannica.com/animal/heron

Bivugwa ko kwisi hose hamwe hagati ya 270.000 na 570.000 byitwa haron kandi birashoboka 

ko zakomeza kugabanuka cyangwa bikiyongera.

### umuryango mpuza mahanga uharanira kubungabunga ibidukikije
wasuzumye ko kubungabunga ibidukikije bidahangayikishije cyane , iterabwoba nyamukuru

inyoni ihura nazo n'ugutwara no guhungabanywa ho igishanga cyayo cyane cyane gusenya 

indiriyazo yo murubingo. heron y'umuhengeri nimwe mu bwoko amasezerano yerekeye 

kubungabuna inyoni zo muri afurika na aziya. (AEWA) zikurikirwa.https://www.thainationalparks.com/species/purple-heronhttps://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/aug/07/birdwatch-the-purple-heron-a-rare-visitor-uk-kept-itself-well-hidden
WATTLE IBIS

## WATTLE IBIS

Wattle Ibis ni ubwoko bw'inyoni ikomoka mu muryango wathreskiornithidei ni inyoni

yo mu misozi ya ethiopia na elitereya kandi iboneka muri ethiopia na elitereya gusa.https://ebird.org/species/watibi1

## IMITERERE
Wattle Ibis n'inyoni ntoya ifite ibara ry'ijimye igikonji cyayo n'amababa yayo yera,

ifite umurizo muremure cyane ,ifite isura y'ijimye n'amababa y'umutuku wijimye

rouge bordeaux mundimi z'amahanga ikagira ijisho ritukura rikikijwe impeta cyangwa se

umuzenguruko wera. ifite hafi 20 mm z'uburebure, ubunini ni 65-75Cm.https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/watibi1/cur/introduction

## aho ziba

iyi nyoni wayisanga mu misozi miremire ya etiyopia na elitereya ku butumburuke bwa

500M kugera ku butumburuke bwa 4100 M. ihitamo imisozi miremire ndetse n'inzira 

zo murutare wayisanga kandi ahantu hari icyatsi ndetse n'ibyatsi by'urugero http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697468https://storkibisspoonbill.org/species/bostrychia-carunculata/

## muri rusange
Iyi nyoni yanditse hamwe n'ubundi bwoko bugera kuri 30-100, Ibis kandi irisha mubwatsi

mubiyaga no mumisozi miremire ya alpine, mu bihingwa no mumashyamba, ikinda kurya

inyo n'udukoko dutandukanye duto duto, rimwe na rimwe imbebe, inzoka,ibikeri,inyenzi.

ikunda kubaka icyari cyayo kubutumburuke hejuru mubiti ahagera izuba, Ibus kandi 

yororoka kuva muri werurwe kugeza nyakanga, rimwe na rimwe no mukuboza mugihe

cy'izuba.itera amagi abiri kugeza kuri atatu yzuye ibishishwa byera https://animalia.bio/wattled-ibishttps://xeno-canto.org/species/Bostrychia-carunculata

## Imibereho
Izi nyoni ntahungabana zikunze guhura nazo, kandi n inyoni zikunze kugaragara mu 

mujyi wa adisabeba, ntago zihungabanywa cyane n'ibikorwa by'abantu kubwibyo ntago

ntago bifatwa nk'ikibazo byo kubungabunga ibidukikije, kuberako abaturage ari benshi.https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/3746-Bostrychia-carunculatahttps://observation.org/species/73513/
Umwanda usanzwe

**Umwanda usanzwe** ni ijambo rikoreshwa muri Amerika mu gusobanura umwanda w’amazi meza yo gutunganywa n’uruganda rutunganya imyanda . Urutonde rwibanze rw’imyanda isanzwe isobanurwa mu itegeko ry’amazi meza muri Amerika.  Urutonde rwahinduwe mu mabwiriza yatanzwe n'ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije :

* ogisijeni ikomoka ku binyabuzima (BOD)
* fecal coliform bacteria
* amavuta n'amavuta
* pH (kurenza imipaka igenga)
* byose byahagaritswe (TSS). 

*Amabwiriza y’ubuvuzi bwa kabiri* akubiyemo ibipimo by’isohoka mu gihugu kuri BOD, pH na TSS, bikoreshwa ku nganda zitunganya imyanda muri Amerika 

## Amashakiro
Amatunda

## '''IRIBURIRO'''

Amatunda cyangwa Marakuja ni igiti kirandaranda gifite inkomoko muri Brezile. Muri rusange ni igihingwa kitarama, kibaho igihe gito (hagati y`imyaka 5-7). Ni igihingwa gikura vuba cyane kirandaranda cyihuta, gifite igiti gikomeye. Urubuto rw'itunda rugira ishusho y'uruziga cyangwa ishusho y'igi rukagira uburebure bugera kuri cm 10 n'uburemere bugera kuri  g 90. Imbere mu itunda habamo agahu gatwikiriye urusukume ruhumura neza rugizwe n`imbuto zijya z' umuhondo ujya gutukura zivanze n`umutobe zishobora kugera kuri 250, ziba ari nto, zikomeye, zisa n'ikigina cyijimye cyangwa zikaba umukara. Amatunda akungahaye kuri vitamini A na C, akize kandi ku munyu wa Potasiyumu, Karisiyumu, Ubutare n`izindi ntungamubiri. Amatunda kandi azwi cyane kubera akamaro afite mu buvuzi.

Amatunda akunda ahantu hashyuha, ahari ubushyuhe buri hagati ya dogere 20-30 ni ho heza ku matunda. Imvura ikenewe ku matunda ugereranyije yagombye kuba mm 1500 ku mwaka. Ubutumburuke amatunda akunda buratandukanye bitewe n`ubwoko bwayo : ubwoko bw'amatunda y'umuhondo bukunda ubutumburuke buri hagati ya m 0-800 mu gihe ubwoko busa n`idoma bugomba guhingwa ku butumburuke buri hagati ya m 1200-2000 hejuru y`inyanja.

Amatunda akura neza ahantu hari ubutaka bw`urusenyi rwaba rudakabije cyangwa rukabije.  Igihe ubutaka buhingwamo amatunda ari ubw`ibumba, ni ngombwa kuyobora amazi  ariko iyo ari ubutaka bw`urusenyi cyane buba bukeneye ifumbire nyinshi. Amatunda akunda kandi ubutaka busharira ku rugero rwa 6.5-7.5. ariko iyo ubutaka bukabije gusharira ni ngombwa gushyiramo ishwagara.

Imbuto ziri imbere n`agahu k`imbere mu itunda ni byiza kubirya cyangwa gukuramo umutobe, n`ibindi biribwa biryohera bishobora gukorwamo mu nganda, nk`ibiribwa bibikwa mu dukopo, umutobe w`imbuto,  urusukume rusigwa ku migati, n`ibindi. Amatunda akoreshwa kandi mu buvuzi mu buryo bwo kuruhura imitsi. Mu birebana n`ubukungu, amatunda ni igihingwa kinjiriza abahinzi  amafaranga atubutse  kuko inganda z`imbere mu gihugu ziba ziteguye guhita ziyagura.

### '''AMOKO Y`AMATUNDA'''
Muri rusange hariho amoko abiri y`amatunda, ubwoko bugira ibara ry`idoma (*Passiflora edulis*), n`ubwoko bugira ibara ry`umuhondo (*Passiflora edulis flavocarpa)*. Ubwoko bw`amatunda y`umuhondo bushobora kwihanganira cyane indwara n`ibyonnyi. Naho ubwoko busa n`idoma buba bwiza cyane ku isoko kandi bukundwa na benshi kubera impumuro yabwo nziza.

### Amashakiro
'Fatou' Ingagi nkuru ku isi

Fatou, ingagi yo mu bibaya ifatwa nk’ikuze cyane kurusha izindi ku Isi,  yujuje imyaka 65 muri 2022, mu kigo cyita ku nyamaswa mu Budage cyizwi nka Berlin Zoo.

## Amateka
Iyi ngagi yagejejwe muri Berlin Zoo mu mwaka wa 1959 mu buryo budasanzwe nkuko byatangajwe ubwo yuzuzaga imyaka 61.

Iyi ngagi yatanzwe nk’inyishyu mu kabari bikozwe n’umwe mu bari abasare b’ubwato, ubwo yaburaga amafaranga yo kwishyura akabari mu mujyi wa Marseilles mu Bufaransa. Nyuma iyo ngagi yagiye igurishwa mu bice bitandukanye by’u Burayi kugeza ubwo yagezwaga mu Budage ifite imyaka ibiri.

Mu mwaka wa 2019 nibwo Fatou yagizwe ingagi ya mbere ikuze ku isi nyuma yo gupfa kw’indi yitwaga Trudy yari yaravutse mu 1956.

## Ibindi
Ubusanzwe izindi ngagi zarambye akenshi ntizarenzaga imyaka 50.

## Reba