open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Abaturage b’i Kabare igihombo cy’Imvubu zibonera imyaka

Abaturage bo mu Murenge wa Kabare basaba gushakira igisubizo ikibazo cy’imvubu ziri mu idamu yubatswe zikaba zibonera imyaka; Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Kayonza buvuga ko buzabakorera ubuvugizi.

## Ibyo wamenya

Ni ikibazo kigaragazwa n’abaturage bo mu Kagari ka Gitara bari mu bavuga ko bonerwa imyaka n’imvubu zaje zivuye muri Pariki y’Akagera.  Bavuga ko bwa mbere yaje ari imwe y’ikigabo haza kuza ikigore zibyara kabiri, nyuma yaho imwe yaje kuraswa ubu hasigayemo eshatu.Izi mvubu aho ziri ni mu idamu yubakiwe abaturage mu rwego rwo kubafasha kubona amazi yo kuhira imyaka yabo. Abaturage bavuga ko umunsi ku wundi iyi damu igenda yiyongera ubunini bituma batakigira ikibazo cyo kuhira imyaka yabo, ni idamu aba baturage bakorewe mu mwaka wa 2018. 

## Amashakiro
Amavuta ya Lüderitz yo mu 2009

**Amavuta ya Lüderitz yo mu 2009** yatangiye muri Mata 2009 ku nkombe za Lüderitz ziherereye mu gihugu cya Namibiya ku mugabane wa Afurika . Isuka rya peteroli ryagize ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku binyabuzima byo mu bwoko bwa pingwin zigera kuri 171 zo muri Afurika, bikaba bikekwa ko hari n'izindi nyinshi nyinshi bashobora kuba zarabangamiwe. Amavuta yamenetse ari mu gace aho k'uburobyi ka *Meob Bay* bwarohamye muri Kamena 2002, buhitana abasare 19. Ubwato bwarohamye nyuma yuko umugozi ufatiwe muri moteri yabwo, hanyuma igatandukana bigatuma amazi yinjira mu cyumba cya moteri. Icyakora, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe aho ubwato bwarohamye bwerekanye ko ibisigazwa bitari isoko y’amavuta; inkomoko yamenetse ntishobora kuboneka ariko bikekwa ko ari amavuta ya bunker yarekuwe nubwato bunini bwanyuze mumazi ya Namibiya. Ku bijyanye n’inyamanswa zagize ingaruka, ni yo yamenetse cyane mu mateka ya Namibiya nk'uko abaturage ba Lüderitz babitangaza. 

## Reba
Ishyamba ry'imigano (Kyoto, Ubuyapani)

**Ishyamba ry'imigano '','' Arashiyama Bamboo Grove** cyangwa **Ishyamba rya Sagano Bamboo**, ni ishyamba risanzwe ry'imigano muri Arashiyama, Kyoto, mu Buyapani . Ishyamba rigizwe ahanini n imigano ya mōsō ( *Phyllostachys edulis* ) kandi ifite inzira nyinshi ku bakerarugendo nabashyitsi. Minisiteri y’ibidukikije ibona ko ari igice cy’amajwi y’Ubuyapani. 

Mbere ya 2015, hari amafaranga yishyurwaga kugirango uhasure. 

Ishyamba ntiriri kure y'urusengero rwa Tenryū-ji, ari naho ishuri rya Rinzai, ndetse n'ahantu hazwi cyane Nonomiya. 

## Aho biherereye
Ishyamba rya Sagano Bamboo riherereye mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bwa Kyoto mu gihugu cy'Ubuyapani hafi y'urusengero rwa Tenryū-ji. Ifite ubuso bw'ibirometero 16 by'uburebure, muri kamwe mu turere dushyuha kwisi. Uburinganire n'uburebure ni: 35.009392, 135.667007. 

## Amashakiro
Gutera ishyamba

**gutera ishyamba ni igkokorwa**  gufasha amashyamba ahari gukura ( proforestation )  cyangwa gutera ishyamba aho ridasanzwe riri  ahantu .  mu gutera amashyamba habamo n'icyiciro cyo gusubiza amashyamba aho yahoze ateye nyuma akaza kuhacika, ihakaba nuburyo busanzwe bwo gushyia amashyamba aho atahoze . 

Gutema amashyamba manini byashyizweho nk'uburyo bwo guhangana n' imihindagurikire y’ikirere, nubwo imikorere yayo igarukira ku ngaruka za albedo . 

## Amashakiro
Impapuro z'isuku

**Impapuro z'isuku** zirimo impapuro zikoreshwa mu isuku yo mu bwiherero, ibitambaro by'isuku, ibitambaro byo kwihanagura mu maso maso, n'ibikoreshwa mu isuku y'abana bato .   Urwo rupapuro ruba rutunganijwe kandi rworoshye.

ingano y'umusaruro ku isi mu 2013 wari toni miliyoni 30.9, wiyongereye kuva mu 1993. Umusaruro wose w'ibicuruzwa wikubye kabiri hagati ya 1993 na 2013.  Umusaruro ukwirakwizwa ku isi yose hamwe na Amerika itanga hafi 40%, Aziya 31%, n'Uburayi 27%, ariko Afurika na Oseyaniya 1% gusa. Mu bihugu biza ku isonga, USA itanga 20%, Ubushinwa 13%, Ubuyapani 5%, n'Ubutaliyani 4%. Ku isi hose ibyoherezwa mu mahanga mu mwaka wa 2013 byageze kuri toni miliyoni 2.4 na miliyari 3,5 z’amadolari y’Amerika hamwe n’Uburayi nicyo kiza ku isonga mu bihugu byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze (64%) n’abatumiza mu mahanga (58%).

## Amashakiro
Umushinga w’igihugu cya Costa Rica wo gutera imigano

**Umushinga w’imigano w’igihugu cya Costa Rica** watangijwe mu mwaka w'1986 ufite intego ebyiri zawo ni ukugabanya ibikorwa byo gutema amashyamba ahubwo hagaterwa ibiti by'imigano bigasimbuzwa ibyatemwe nk’ibikoresho by’ibanze byubaka no bifasha kubona amazu ahendutse ku bakene bo mu cyaro cya Costa Rica . Mu guhinga no kubaka hamwe n’imiterere kavukire y’imigano minini yitwa Guadua, Umushinga w’imigano w’igihugu washoboye gukusanya amazu ibihumbi n’ibihumbi ku bakene, ugirira akamaro ibidukikije, ndetse no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rishingiye ku migano.

Mu mwaka w'1995, umushinga w’imigano w’igihugu washyikirijwe Fondasiyo ya FUNBAMBU ishinzwe kubungabunga no gukomeza inshingano z’umushinga wo kubaka amazu y’imigano ihendutse.

## Amashakiro yo hanze

* Umugano: Ibikoresho byubaka bidasanzwe
* INBAR: Umuyoboro mpuzamahanga wa Bamboo na Rattan
Imihindagurikire y'ikirere - ukuri

***Imihindagurikire y’ibihe - Ukuri*** ni icyegeranyo cyakorewe mu gihugu cy'ubwongereza mu wamaka w' 2019 cyakozwe  na David Attenborough ivuga ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere n’ibisubizo bishoboka kugira ngo tuyirwanye. ni mu kiganiro cy'isaha imwe ku gitangazamakuru cya BBC Gahuzamiryango mu Bwongereza saa cyenda z'ijoro ku ya 18 Mata 2019. 

## Kwakira
Iyi filime yamamaye muri rusange abayinenga kubera kwerekana akaga gashobora gutangwa no kudakora bihagije kugira ngo bahangane n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. *Ikinyamakuru The Guardian* cyise "guhamagarira intwaro",  mu gihe *The Telegraph* yavuze ko iryo zina ari "rikomeye" anashimira ikoreshwa rya Attenborough nk'umunyamakuru: "Mu gihe impaka rusange zisa naho zigenda ziyongera, ni byiza gushyikirizwa ikintu ushobora kwizera. Kandi twese twizeye Attenborough. "  

## Amashakiro
Kubungabunga amashyamba

## TUBUNGABUGE AMASHYAMBA

kubungabunga amashyamba ndetse n'ibinyabuzima biyatuye kuko bifitiye akamaro gakomeye ubuzima bwa muntu hamwe n'ibidukikije muri rusange, ubusanzwe amashyamba afatiye runini ubuzima bwa muntu bishingiye kubyo akenera kugirango ahumeke neza. 

Muri ibyo harimo kuba ishyamba ribika carbone ndetse rikanayifata kugirango itangiza umwuka duhumeka kandi akaba ariryo ritanga umwuka duhumeka ukenewe cyane kuri buri kinyabuzima gituye isi, akaba ariyo mpanvu amashyamba agereranywa nkibihaha byuyu mubumbe dutuyemo.

Ishyamba kandi riyungurura amazi,gufasha kudahungabana kukirere n'ibihe akagira uruhare mu gukurura invura no kugabanya ubushyuhe ku isi. agafata ubutaka akaburinda kwangirika nk'ingaru ayo mashyamba kandi niho 50% by'urusobe bw'ibinyabuzima bituye isi byibera.

gusa muribi bihe arushaho kwangirika biturutse mu bikorwa bya muntu bishingiye kuyatema bashaka umwanya wo kubakaho,gushakamo ibicanywa, iterambere bishingiye ku bikorwa remezo nk'inganda, imihanda n'ibindi bitandukanye. kutayabungabunga bikaba biganisha ku kwangirika kwayo.

impuruza ihari ku isi ni uko abantu bakwiriye gushyiraho ingamba zihamye kugirango ayo mashyamba adufitiye umumaro yitabweho, haba gusazura ashaje hongerwamo ibindi biti aho yatemwe ndetse no gushyiraho uburyo buhamye bwo kuyabungabunga.https://web.archive.org/web/20230214113754/http://www.rebero.co.rw/2021/10/05/kubungabunga-amashyamba-inkingi-yubuzima-bwa-muntu/
Igitagangurirwa

## Igitagangurirwa

IGITAGANGURIRWA cyo muri Amerika cyubaka inzu ifite ubushobozi bwo **kumatira cyane** ku rukuta, cyangwa ikaba ishobora no **komoka** ku butaka mu buryo bworoshye. Ibyo bituma iyo nzu iba nk’umutego ukweduka ushobora gufata udukoko twigendera. None se ni mu buhe buryo icyo gitagangurirwa gikoresha ubwoko bumwe bwa kore, kigakora ibifashi bimatira cyane *kandi* bishobora komoka mu buryo bworoshye

### Ubushakashatsi
kaminuza ya OHIO yattangiye gukora ubushakashatsi kubudodo bwaka kanyamanswa kuko kuko bugaragaraho

ubuhanga buhanitse bavugako bazajya bakora ubudodo bumeze nkubwo igiangangurirwa bakabukoresha bapfuka

ibisebe ndese no guhoma amagufwa amwe namwe.
Okyerema Asante

**Okyerema Asante** n'umuhanga mu kuvuza ingoma. Yavukiye muri Gana, azwiho kuvuza ibice byose bigize ingoma gakondo y'abantu batanu akayivuza ari wenyine. Afata ibikoresho bya percussion bitandukanye akabishyira ku mubiri we kandi icyarimwe akavuza ingoma, balafon, n'ibindi bikoresho byinshi. Akoresha ibikoresho bigera kuri 85 mugikorwa kimwe cyo gucuranga. Akomoka mu muryango w'abantu bazwiho kugira umwihariko mu kuvuza ingoma, Asante ni umuhanga mu kuvuza ingoma gakondo zo muri Gana.  Asante azwiho kandi gukorana na Paul Simon kuri alubumu ye yitwa *Graceland* . 

## Album

* *Ohene Kesee A Ebin*
* *Crabs in a Bucket*
* *Bringing The Flame Home: From Havana to Africa* (with Benito Gonzalez).

## Reba
Impanuka yimirasire mu mujyi wa Mexico mu mwaka w'1962

Mu 1962 hagati y'ukwezi kwa Werurwe na Nyakanga, habayeho impanuka yo guturika kw'imirasire gukomeye (a radiation incident) mu mujyi wa Mexico biturutse k'umwana w'umuhungu w’imyaka icumi wajyanye igikoresho cyo mu ruganda "radiography source" kitari gifunitse bikwiye. Abantu batanu bahuye n'ingaruka zikomeye z'iyo mirasire "radiation" ya 200-gigabecquerel cobalt-60 capsule, bane muri bo barapfa.

Amakuru yatangajwe kuri iyi mpanuka yatinze cyane aho umwana yaba yarakuye iki gikoresho: bamwe bati yakibonye mu kirundo k'imyanda,  abandi bati ashobore kuba yaragikuye mu murima cyangwa yaragisanze mu mbuga y'inzu, aho umuryango we warumaze igihe gito wimukiye, kikaba cyarahasizwe batabizi, batazi n'icyo aricyo. Gusa muri 2008 raporo ya UNSCEAR yavuze ko umu enjeniyeri yagisize mu mbuga kidafunitse. 

Bivugwa ko uyu mwana w'umuhungu yabanje kugumana iki gikoresho igihe mbere y'uko akinjiza mu nzu kuwa 21 werurwe. aho yaramaze iminsi akigendana mu mufuka w'ipantalo ye. Kuwa 1 Mata, Nyina umubyara yagishyize ku kabati ko mu gikoni aho cyagumye kugeza kuwa 22 Nyakanga. 

Uyu mwana w'umuhungu yaje gupfa kuwa 29 Mata. Nyuma gato Mama we warutwite inda y'amezi atandatu apfa kuwa 19 Nyakanga, Mushiki we mukuru wamurushaga imyaka 2 gusa apfa kuwa 18 Kanama, Nyirakuru ubyara se wari waraje kubasura kuva 17 Mata we apfa kuwa 15 Ukwakira uwo mwaka. Ise umubyara nawe yagezweho n'iyo mirasire ariko kuko yakoreraga hanze y'inzu kenshi, we ingaruka ziba nto, ararokoka.

## Reba kandi

** List of orphan source incidents
** 1984 Ciudad Juárez cobalt-60 contamination incident
** 1990 Clinic of Zaragoza radiotherapy accident
** 1987 Goiânia accident
** List of civilian radiation accidents
** Nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents
** Nuclear safety and security
** Radioactive scrap metal
** 2000 Samut Prakan radiation accident
** Therac-25

## Amashakiro
Vila Parisi

**Vila Parisi** ni " agace karimo imiturire y'akajagari " (slum) i  ahitwa muri Cubatão, haherereye mu gihugu cya  Burezili, niho habereye guturika kw'ahabikwa amavuta hakomeye mu gace k'inganda nganda ku ya 25 Gashyantare 1984. Harekuwe litiro 700.000 za gaze, amazu 1.000 arasenyuka, hapfa abantu bagera ku 100.  Imiterere ya Cubatão yabujije ikwirakwizwa ryihuse ry’imyuka ihumanya ikirere iva muri ibyo bicanwa byaka.  Umuhanga mu by'imibereho w'umudage Ulrich Beck yakoresheje urugero rwa **Vila Parisi** ("Umujyi wandujwe n'ibinyabutabire cyane ku isi") nk'urugero rw "imbaraga zangiza inganda zateye imbere." 

## Amashakiro
Kwame Asare

**Kwame Asare** uzwi cyane ku izina rya **Jacob Sam** (guhera1903 kuri Cape Coast - kugeza muri za1950), ni we wa mbere wanditse umuziki wo mu rwego rw'imibereho rwo hejuru muri Gana kandi yari umucuranzi wa gitari wa mbere muri uwo mujyo.  

## Ubuzima n'umwuga
Yari umucuzi wa zahabu wabitojwe. Yimukiye ahitwa Kumasi ashinga itsinda ryitwa Kumasi Trio. Yigishijwe gitari n'umusare wo muri Liberiya. Azwiho kuba Umunyagana wa mbere wafashe amajwi umuziki wo mu rwego rw'imibereho rwo hejuru muri Gana uzwi ku izina rya "Yaa Amponsah". Mu 1928, kuri Zonophone muri Londere ahazwi nka Kingsway Hall EZ Series, yafashe amajwi ya gitari-band mu muziki w'imibereho yo ku rwego rwo hejuru igezweho hamwe no gucuranga gitari yifashishije uburyo bwe bwo gufata amanota ya gitari. Yari aherekejwe na Kumasi Trio, afatanya n'umucuranzi wa gitari H.E Binney na Kwah Kanta. 

Ku izina rya "Kwanin" yafashe amajwi ye ku ruhererekane rwa JZ. Amajwi yafashe mu 1928 yari mu ndimi za Fante .  Yatangije imizi y'umuziki wo muri Afrika yo hagati akoresheje gutsy, amajwi ya baritone, n'amagambo mu rurimi rwa Fante.

## Urupfu
Asare yapfuye muri 1950. 

## Reba
Ikigo cya ARC21 gicunga imyanda yangiza ibidukikije

**ARC21** ni rumwe mu nzego z'ibanze, rufite inshingano zo guhuza ibikorwa byo gucunga imyanda no gusubiza mu nganda.Ibishobora kongera gukoreshwa bigasubira ku isoko mu burasirazuba  bw'Amajyaruguru muri Irilande y'Amajyaruguru. 

Agace ko gucunga imyanda ARC21 karimo inama zumujyi, uturere n’uturere twa:

: Antrim
: Ards
: Ballymena
: Belfast
: Carrickfergus
: Castlereagh
: Hasi
: Kinini
: Lisburn
: Newtownabbey
: 

ARC21 ireberera ishami rya Irilande y'Amajyaruguru ishinzwe ibidukikije . 

## Amashakiro
Ubucuruzi bushingiye ku bikomoka ku myanda

**Ubucuruzi (cyangwa ubucuruzi n'inganda)** - gutwikira imyanda yubucuruzi nubwoko bwimyanda . Muri rusange, ubucuruzi buteganijwe kwishyiriraho gahunda yo gukusanya, gutunganya no kujyana imyanda aho igomba guhurizwa. itegeko riteganya ko imyanda iva mu maduka no mu nganda igomba gukusanywa. Iyi myanda izwi kandi nk'imyanda yo mu nganda kandi ishobora kujya hanze ikabangamira ibidukukuje.

## Reba kandi

* Imyanda yubucuruzi
* Urutonde rwibigo bishinzwe gucunga imyanda
* Urutonde rw'ingingo zo gucunga imyanda
* Urutonde rwa tekinoroji yo gutunganya imyanda
* Urutonde rwimbuga za superfund muri Amerika
* Urutonde rwingingo zijyanye nibidukikije
* Umwanda
* Ikirenga
Inama yiswe "Amazi Ntazi Imipaka"

**Amazi azi ko nta mipaka** yabaye mu 2011 yongera kuba mu mwaka wa 2018, muri Yorodani . Ingingo ni igisubizo cy'ibibazo by'amazi muburasirazuba bwo hagati . 

## Amashakiro
Ikigo gishinzwe gucunga ibidukikije muri Gujarat

**Ikigo gishinzwe imicungire y’ibidukikije** (GEMI) ni Ikigo cyigenga gishinzwe ishami ry’amashyamba n’ibidukikije muri guverinoma ya Gujarat . GEMI yashinzwe mu 1999 kandi ifite icyicaro i Gandhinagar, yagize uruhare mu kubungabunga muri rusange kubungabunga, kurengera no gucunga ibidukikije kandi ikora ubushakashatsi n’ubushakashatsi butandukanye. 

## Amashakiro
Imibereho y'ingagi

Ingagi ni inyamaswa ijya kumera neza neza nk'abantu hashingiwe ku buryo ibayeho n'ibikorwa byayo, uburyo ki itekereza nibyo ikora no mu buzima busanzwe bwayo bigirana isano ya hafi n'ibyikiremwa muntu.

## Ubuzima busanzwe bw'Ingagi
Mubuzima busanzwe bwingagi nyuma yuko Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’ibigo bitandukanye birimo Trust Sanger, Kaminuza ya Cambridge, Baylor College of Medicine n’abandi bwagaragaje ko mu myaka ibihumbi ishize abantu bari basangiye ibisekuru na maguge n’ingagi.

Ubu bushakashatsi kandi bwagaragaje ko maguge zifitanye isano n’abantu ku kigero cya 98% naho ingagi akaba ari 96%.

Usibye n’ibyo ubushakashatsi bubona, iyo urebesheje amaso ubona ko imiterere y’ingagi n’abantu nta tandukaniro, kuko byombi bifite amaboko abiri n’amaguru abiri, amabere abiri, amaso abiri, amenyo 32, umutwe umwe muri make icyo ingagi zirusha abantu ku miterere igararagara inyuma ni ubwoya bwinshi. kandi nazo zigira imiryango nkiyabantu, umugabo,umugore n'umwana. 

mubusazwe ingagi zigira umuyobozi wazo mumuryango ariwe bakunze kwita ***Silver Back***

ingagi zikuze z'ingore ziba zigejeje imyaka 8 kuzamuka nazo zitangira kororoka aho ishobora gutwita igihe kingana namezi umunani nigice, kandi zamara kubyara zikonsa abana bazo kugeza kumyaka itatu  Ingagi nkuru y’ingabo ibarirwa hagati y’ibilo 136 na 227 naho ingore yo ishobora kugira hagati ya 68 na 113.

ingagi zikenera kurya nkabantu kugirango zibeho kandi zikunda kurya ibyatsi,imbuto,udusimba duto duto [iminyorogoto,umunyamujonjo] zikunda nokurya ibiti bitangiye kuma n'imigano

## Amashakiro
Impanuka yimirasire yabereye mu gihugu cya Maroc mu w'1984

Muri Werurwe 1984, impanuka ikomeye y’imirasire yabereye muri Maroc, ku rugomero rw’amashanyarazi rwa Mohammedia, aho abantu umunani bapfuye bazize kuva amaraso ava mu bihaha bitewe n'imirasire ikabije yakwirakwijwe mu mibiri yabo iturutse ku isoko ya iridium-192 .  Abandi bantu nabo bahawe imiti irenze urugero isaba ubuvuzi. Abantu batatu boherejwe mu kigo cya Curie i Paris kuvurwa uburozi bw’imirase.

Inkomoko yakoreshwaga kuri radiografi yo gusudira hanyuma itandukana na kontineri yayo ikingiwe . Nkomoko, pellet ya iridium, ubwayo nta kimenyetso cyerekana ko ikora radio, umukozi yarayijyanye murugo, ahamara ibyumweru runaka, agaragaza umuryango kumirasire. Umukozi, umuryango we na bene wabo ni bo bantu umunani bapfuye bazize impanuka. 

## Amashakiro

## Amashakiro yo hanze

* 
* Description of the incident in Johnston's Archive
Barthélémy Attisso

**Barthélémy Attisso** ( 1945 - 29 Kanama 2021)  yari umunyatogo w'umunyamategeko ndetse akaba yaraniyigishije gucuranga gitari, imwe mu mirimo ye yamenyekanye ni iyo yakoranye n'itsinda ry'abanyasenegali b'abacuranzi ryitwa orukesitere Bawoba. 

## Ubuzima
Attisso, wavutse mu 1944 cyangwa 1945, yimukiye i Dakar mu 1966 yiga amategeko muri kaminuza ya Dakar. Yafashe gitari kugira ngo abone amafaranga, acuranga mu tubyiniro maze yinjira muri Star Band. Mu ntangiriro ya za 1970 yinjiye muri Orchestre Baobab, maze ageza iryo tsinda ku ntsinzi mu myaka ya za 1980. Igihe iryo tsinda ryatandukanaga mu 1987, Attisso yasubiye muri Togo gukora umwuga w'amategeko. Ntiyigeze acuranga gitari kugeza ubwo yongeye gusubirana n'itsinda rye mu 2001, ndetse yafashe amajwi y'indirimbo kuva icyo gihe kandi akora ibitaramo azengurukana na Orchestre Baobab, nubwo yakomeje inganzo i Lomé . 

## Reba
KWANGIRIKA KUBUTAKA

## ISURI

Isuri cyangwa se icyo bita Soil Erosion mu ndimi za mahanga ni igikorwa giterwa

no kwangirika k'ubutaka. isuri ikaba yiganjemo ibice byinshi harimo :

-Isuri y'amazi 

-isuri y'urubura

-isuri y'umuyaga bakunze kwita aeolean mundimi za mahanga hamwe n'isuri ya Antropogene .

Gutakaza ubutaka buva mu murima bishobora guteza igihombo gikomeye bikagaragarira,

mukugabanyuka kw'umusaruro., ubwiza bw'amazi yo hasi no kwangiza imiyoboro y'amazi

muri rusange , isuri y'ubutaka nayo ishobora gutera umwobo.https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/4/951 

## IKIGERERANYO
Ibikorwa by'abantu byi yongereraho inshuro 10-50 igipimo cy'isuri igaragara kw'isi yose.

isuri ikabije itera ibibazo bikabije aribyo kubura kubutaka https://books.google.rw/books?id=7YBaKZ-28j0C&pg=PA1&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false , no kugabanuka k'umusaruro

w'ubuhinzi no gusenyuka kw'ibidukikije sibyo gusa ndetse dutakaza n'ubutaka bukungahaye

ku ntungamubiri https://books.google.rw/books?id=Wj3690PbDY0C&pg=PA2&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false isuri y'amazi n'umuyaga nibyo bibiri nyamukuru bitera kwangirika 

kw'ubutaka ahasaga 84% by'ubutaka bwarangiritse kw'isi bigatuma isuri ikabije 

ari kimwe mu bibazo bidukikije ku Isi https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10668-005-1262-8
Umushinga wa Green Gicumbi

**umushinga wa Green Gicumbi**, ni umushinga wa leta uzamara imyaka itandatu, watangijwe ku ya 26 Ukwakira 2019 na Guverinoma y’u Rwanda, ubinyujije muri Minisiteri y’ibidukikije n’ikigega cy’ibidukikije cy’u Rwanda (FONERWA) ) hagamijwe kongera ubudahangarwa ku mihindagurikire y'ikirere bimyuze mu baturage bo mu cyaro mu majyaruguru y'u Rwanda , cyane cyane mu Karere ka Gicumbi .    

## Amavu n'amavuko
Umushinga ugomba gushyirwa mu bikorwa n'ikigega cy'igihugu gishinzwe ibidukikije. Jean Marie Vianney Kagenza ni Umuyobozi wumushinga.    

## Ibigize Umushinga
Minisiteri y’ibidukikije mu Rwanda ivuga ko umushinga wa Green Gicumbi urimo ibice bikurikira: 

# Kurinda amazi n’ubuhinzi bwangiza ikirere
# Gucunga amashyamba n'ingufu zirambye
# imyubakire itangiza ikirere
# Guteza imbere ubumenyi 

## Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'umushinga
Muri Mutarama 2022, Guverinoma y'u Rwanda, ibinyujije mu mushinga wa Green Gicumbi, yatangiye kubaka amazu 200 atanga umusanzu mu kurwanya imihindagurikire  y’ikirere ahanini ku baturage ba Gicumbi, abaturage benshi bimuwe bazaba bari mu cyiciro cya mbere n'icya kabiri cy'Ubudehe batuye mu manegeka, ahantu hashobora kwibasirwa cyane.  Umuyobozi w’umushinga yatangaje ko umushinga w’imiturire igezweho uherereye mu mirenge ya Rubaya na Kaniga, ukaba ufatwa nk’umudugudu w’icyitegererezo aho abagenerwabikorwa bazahabwa izindi nkunga nk’inka ndetse n’umutungo wo kwikenura harimo imirima y’imboga   mu mudugudu, nk'uko byatangajwe n’umuyobozi w’umushinga.  

## Ibisubizo biri kuvamo

* **Kugenzura isuri yubutaka, bityo byongera umusaruro mbere yuko** habaho ubutaka bwangijwe nisuri ariko ubu umushinga wa Green Gicumbi ni igisubizo cyo kurwanya isuri no kongera umusaruro nbikozwe 'abahinzi.

* **Imihindagurikire y’ibihe** ni igice cya gatatu cyumushinga wa Green Gicumbi ni “Imyubakire yita ku kurwanya imihidagurikire y'ikirere”. Kugeza ubu amazu 40 atanga umusanzu ku kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere amaze kubakwa no guturwa n’abagenerwabikorwa benshi batishoboye baturuka mu turere dufite ibyago ibyago byinshi mu murenge wa Rubaya, mu gihe andi mazu 60 arimo kubakwa mu murenge wa Kaniga, akagari ka Mulindi kugira ngo yakire imiryango itishoboye ituye ahantu hashobora kwibasirwa cyane. mu murenge umwe. Kugeza ubu ibikorwa byabo byo kubaka biri kuri 70% kandi biteganijwe ko ibikorwa byubwubatsi bizarangira muri Nyakanga 2023.
* **Gucunga neza amashyamba** . 

## Amashakiro
King Ayisoba

**King Ayisoba** wavutse yitwa **Albert Apoozore**  (1974)  ni umunyagana ukora umuziki mu buryo bwa gakondo, azwi cyane ku buryo bwe bwihariye yakoragamo umuziki hamwe na Kologo. 

## Ubuzima two hambere
Ayisoba yavukiye i Bongo Soe mu karere ko mu burasirazuba bwo hejuru bwa Gana. 

## Umwuga
Yakundaga gucuranga no kuririmbana na nyakwigendera Terry Bonchaka, mbere y'urupfu rwa Terry.  

## Discography

### Album za studio

* 2006: *Modern Ghanaians*  
* 2008: *Africa*
* 2012: *Don't Do The Bad Thing*
* 2014: *Wicked Leaders*
* 2017: *1000 Can Die*

## Ibihembo

## Reba
Umunsi mpuzamahanga w’ibikorwa bijyanye n'imiterere y'ikirere umwaka w'2020

**Umunsi mpuzamahanga w’ibikorwa bijyanye n'imiterere y'ikirere umwaka** ni urugendo rugamije ubukangurambaga  ku isi yose rwabaye ku ya 25 Nzeri 2020, rwateguwe na vendredi For Future n'indi miryango ikora nk'Urubyiruko rugira uruhare mu kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere na 350.org. ubu bukangurambaga butegurwa mu rwego rwo ku wa gatanu mu bikorwa bizaza, bigamije gutuma isi yose igira ubumenyi ku ngaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere no kongera ubumenyi ku bijyanye no kwiyongera byihuse by’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere n’umutungo ku isi.

ibihimbi by'imijyi myinshi ku isi yitabira ibi bikorwa kugirango batume urubyiruko rugira uruhare rukanafata iya mbere mu guhangana n 'imihindagurikire y'ikirere. ugendeye ku mibare yagaragajwe n'ibarurishamibare usanga abitabiriye iki gikorwa ari: ibihugu 154 , imijyi 2362, hanateguwe ibirori ahamtu 3615. gusa uyu mubare waragabanijwe kubera cyorezo cya koronavirusi.

## Amashakiro
Mamane Barka

**Malam Mamane Barka** (1958/1959 - 21 Ugushyingo 2018) yari umucuranzi wo muri Nigeriya, akaba n'umwe mu bakinnyi bakomeye ku isi ba *biram* .  Yapfuye ku ya 21 Ugushyingo 2018, afite imyaka 59. 

## Ubuzima
Malam Mamane Barka yavutse 1958 cyangwa 1959 i Tesker, mu mujyi uherereye mu burasirazuba bwa repubulika yigenga ya Nigeri. Yakomokaga mu bantu babaizwa muri Toubou. Nkumucuranzi wa Ngurumi, igikoresho kigizwe n'imigozi y'imirya y'inanga ibiri, yamenyekanye cyane mu gihugu cye yaratuyemo ndetse no mu gihugu cy’abaturanyi cya Nijeriya. Mu 2002 yahisemo kwiyemeza kwiga Biram. Ni igikoresho cy'imigozi itanu y'imirya gikoreshwa naba Boudouma, umuryango w'abarobyi mu kiyaga cya Tchad, mu ndirimbo gakondo. 

## Reba
Ishyamba rya Bankura

**Ishyamba rya Bankura** ni ishyamba ririnzwe muri Bengaluru, mu Buhinde . Abakozi bo mu kigo gishinzwe kubungabunga amashyamba n’abakozi ba Leta boherejwe mu karere bagenzura ubuyobozi kandi bagatanga serivisi  ku bantu kuva ku cyicaro gikuru cya Bankura . Ubuso bwose bw’amashyamba mu Karere ka Bankura, bugizwe n’ibice bitatu, Igice cya Bankura (Amajyaruguru), Igice cya Bankura (Amajyepfo) n’ishami rya Panchet, ni 1463.56&nbsp;km 2, bingana na 21.27% by'ubuso bw'ubutaka bw'akarere. Muri ako karere hari ha 0,046 y’amashyamba kuri buri muntu, mu gihe iyo mibare ari ha 0,02 kuri Bengal y’Iburengerazuba yose. Ishyamba rigizwe n'ibirometerokare 44.48&nbsp; y'amashyamba arinzwe, 1391.95&nbsp;km 2 y'amashyamba arinzwe, n'ibirometerokare 27.13&nbsp;yishyamba rya leta ridafite  uwo ryanditseho.

Mbere y’ubwigenge bw’Ubuhinde, guverinoma ya Bengal y’Iburengerazuba yari yafashe icyemezo cyo gushyiraho urwego rushinzwe kurengera, kubungabunga no gucunga ibimera n’ibinyabuzima ndetse no kugeza serivisi z’ibidukikije ku batuye mu nkengero z'ayo mashyamba. 

Urujya n'uruza mu mashyamba babiterwa n'intego zitandukanye nko kurisha, inkwi, no gukusanya amababi ya sal, imbuto n'ibihumyo, n'ibindi. Hamwe n’umuvuduko ukabije w’abantu ku mashyamba, umubare ntarengwa w’angirika ry’amashyamba ntushobora kwirindwa. Icyakora, ingamba zihuriweho zo gucunga amashyamba zirimo gukorwa mu rwego rwo guteza imbere kubungabunga amashyamba. 

## Amashakiro
Moto z’amashanyarazi

Moto zikoresha imbara ga z'umuriro zigezweho muri kigali.

## Moto z’amashanyarazi

Moto z’amashanyarazi ni Moto  zikoresha amashanyarazi murugendo aho asimbura moteri zisazwe ukaba wazana batiri iszwe yashizemo umuriro ugahabwa iyindi ugakomeza urugendo, zirahendutse ikindi ziﬁte ikoranabuhanga rishyashya  rituma uyikoresha abasha kwizigama amafaranga menshi. zifite Iri koranabuhanga rihamambaye rituma Afurika yihuta muri gahunda ya  Zero Carbon.

## Ampersand

izi moto zigera kuri miliyoni eshanu ziri  mu karere u rwanda ruherereyemo ndetse no muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba. Ampersand ikaba ariyo izizana kandi iﬁte icyicaro i Kigali. izi moto ziteranyirizwa mu Rwanda, zirakomeye, ziﬁte isuku kandi zigenda neza.

## IGICIRO
Moto z’amashanyarazi ziri  muri Kigali kubwa Ampersand iyi compani ikorera ahantu 3 ho kuzicagingira za batiri, uyishaka akaba yaza kuyitwara, batiri imwe kuyicaginga bashyiramo umuriro bishyura amafaranga 920 yu Rwanda.

## AMASHAKIRO
Bau (umucuranzi)

**Rufino Almeida** (wavutse 1962 i Mindelo, muri São Vicente), uzwi cyane ku izina rya **Bau**, ni umucuranzi wo muri Cape Verdean. Se, akora ibikoresho bya muzika, yanamwigishije gukora no gucuranga gitari, cavaquinho na viyole. Mu 1994, yinjiye mu itsinda rya Cesária Évora azengurukana nabo maze mu 1996 aba umuyobozi wa muzika.  Muri Nzeri 1999, yarakomeje maze indirimbo ye "Raquel" igaragara muri filime ya Pedro Almodóvar yo mu 2002 yitwa *Talk to her*.  Yazengurutse hamwe nabandi baririmbyi benshi, barimo Hernani Almeida mu 1999 na 2001. Zimwe mu ndirimbo ze zanditswe na Teófilo Chantre .

Mubyara we, Tito Paris, ni umuririmbyi uzwi.

## Reba
Umushinga wa Green Dam muri Alijeriya

**Umushinga wa Green Dam muri Alijeriya**  watangiriye muri Alijeriya mu myaka ya 1960 ufite intego zo gutera ibiti miliyoni kugira ngo uhagarike ubutayu ; byumwihariko, bwarimo bugana mu majyaruguru yubutayu bwa Sahara . 

Umushinga wateye imbere kandi uhinduka kuva muri za 1970, 80, 90, no muri 2000. 

Ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi bwasohotse mu 2021 bwanzuye ko ibice Umushinga wa Green Dam wa Alijeriya ugenda wangirika kubera impamvu nyinshi, harimo no kuragira amatungo .  Ubushakashatsi bwanzuye ko gahunda iriho yogusigasira umushinga wa Green dami kwitabwaho. 

Kugeza mu 2021, guverinoma ya Alijeriya yateganyaga ibikorwa byo gusana bigomba kumara imyaka myinshi kandi birimo ishoramari rya miliyoni 128. 

## Amashakiro
Meteo Rwanda

Meteo Rwanda ni Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubumenyi bw’Ikirere mu Rwanda.

## Meteo Rwanda
Meteo Rwanda ni Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubumenyi bw’Ikirere mu Rwanda,  gicungwa hakurikijwe amategeko agenga ibigo bya leta kuko kibarizwa mu bigo bya Leta kibarizwa muri Minisiteri y’Ibidukikije.

## Igihe cyatangiriye
Mu Rwanda ibipimo bya by’imvura n’ubushyuhe byatangiye gufatwa ahagana  mu mwaka wa 1930 gusa  bwa mbere bukaba bari barashyizeho uko bazajya bapima  mu mwaka wa 1906 mu Ntaray’Amajyepfo I Save.

## IMVURA

Meteo-Rwanda ivugako ibihe by'imvura byahindutse ndetse n'ibipimo birahinduka, ivugako Imvura iruta izindi ngo izaba iri hagati ya milimetero 40 na 60 mu burengerazuba ndetse n'imvura iri hagati ya milimetero 20 na 40 mu intara y'amajyauguru.

## AMASHAKIRO
Umushinga wa GEO-2000

**GEO-2000** ni gahunda y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe ibidukikije (UNEP)  ku isi 2000.

UNEP yatangije umushinga wa Global Environment Outlook mu 1995 kugirango isuzume ibibazo by’ibidukikije kandi ibitangaze. Raporo ya mbere yasohotse mu 1997, mu gihe raporo ya kabiri izwi ku izina rya GEO-2000, yasohotse mu 1999.

Kimwe na bimwe mubibazo bizwi cyane raporo yerekanye imbogamizi nshya nka:

* ingaruka za azote ku bidukikije
* kwiyongera ubukana bwibiza
* gutera amoko biturutse ku isi yose
* kwiyongera k'ibidukikije biterwa no mumijyi
* kugabanuka mu ireme ry'imiyoborere mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe
* intambara nshya zigira ingaruka ku bidukikije ndetse no mu bihugu duturanye
* ingaruka z'impunzi ku bidukikije

## Amashakiro yo hanze

* UNEP - portal GEO-2000 yemewe
Imvura

Imvura ni ibitonyanga by'amazi byegeranye biva mu kirere hejuru hanyuma bikagwa hasi ku isi.

## Amoko y'imvura
ubundi hariho amako atatu y'imvura

* Relief rainfall
* Frontal rainfall
* Convectional rainfall 

## Meteo Rwanda

Meteo Rwanda ivugako ibihe by'imvura byahindutse ndetse n'ibipimo birahinduka, ivugako Imvura iruta izindi izaba iri hagati ya milimetero 40 na 60 mu intara y'uburengerazuba ndetse n'imvura iri hagati ya milimetero 20 na 40 mu intara y'amajyauguru. Imvura iri munsi ya milimetero 10 ni yo mvura nke izajya.  igipimo cy’impuzandengo y’imvura isanzwe igwa mu kwezi kwa Mutarama, kiba kiri hagati ya milimetero 0 na 70.

## AMASHAKIRO
Casper Beatz

**Casper Mupofu** known professional as **Casper Beatz** he is a Zimbabwean producer. He was born on 1994 in Harare Zimbabwe. Joseph Chinotimba" yitiriwe umunyapolitiki  Muri 2018 yagize uruhare runini muri alubumu ya Andy Muridzo ubwo yakoraga indirimbo zose.  

## Reba
Chosen Becky

**Rebecca Kukiriza**, usanzwe uzwi nka **Chosen Becky**, ni Umugande w'umuhanzi akaba n'umwanditsi w'indirimbo.

## Umwuga wa muzika
Chosen Becky yavumbuwe na Joseph Kiwangwa nyuma yo kumushimisha mu marushanwa yo kuririmba yabereye i Masaka, muri Uganda.   Becky yatangiye umwuga we wa muzika muri 2017 azanye "Bankuuza" nk'indirimbo ye ya mbere.  

## Discography
{| class="wikitable"
|+Indirimbo
!Izina ry'indirimbo
!Umwaka
|-
|Aliba Ani
|2018
|-
|Bya Bangi
|2018
|-
|Kyosaba
|2019
|-
|Bankuzza
|2019
|-
|Ebisembayo
|2019
|-
|Telemundo
|2019
|-
|Bankuzza
|2019
|-
|Kansubire
|2019

## Uburezi
Becky yavukiye i Masaka mu karere ko hagati ka Uganda.   Yize mu bigo byinshi by’uburezi, birimo Masaka S.S.S yo mu rwego rw'icyiciro cya mbere mu mashuri yisumbuye naho icyiciro cya kabiri cy'amashuri yisumbuye yakize kuri St Anthony SS Kayunga mu 2016.  

## Impaka
Mu Gushyingo 2021, Chosen yirukanywe muri Afurika y'Epfo aho yari ateganijwe gutaramira, yirukanywe kuko yari yageze muri iki gihugu afite viza y’ubukerarugendo aho kuba viza y'akazi nk'uko bisabwa. 

## Reba
Messaoud Bellemou

**Messaoud Bellemou** n'umucuranzi wo muri Alijeriya akaba n'umwe mubakora cyane umuziki wa raï ugezweho. Afatwa n'abantu bamwe nk'umwe mu babyeyi ba Muzika ya kijyambere ya Raï. 

Messaoud yatangiye umwuga we avuza impanda ariko bidatinze amenyekana ko yongeyeho ibikoresho byo hanze nka saxofone,  gucuranga inanga, no gucuranga akorudiyo muri iyi njyana. Yakoranye mu myaka ya za 1970 n'abaririmbyi ba raï batandukanye bo mu rungano rwe nka Boutaïaba Sghir, Boussouar El Maghnaoui, Bouteldja Belkacem.

Mu myaka ya za 1980, ijambo pop-raï ryakoreshejwe mu gusobanura igisekuru gishya cya chebs na chebats (bituruka ku ijambo ryo mu cyarabu risobanura "ukiri muto") cyerekana ibikoresho bishya,  hamwe na Belkacem Bouteldja basohoye imwe mu ndirimbo za mbere z’ubwoko bushya bw'injyana. . 

## Reba
Hamdi Benani

**Hamdi Benani** (1 Mutarama 1943 - 21 Nzeri 2020) yari umuririmbyi n'umucuranzi wo muri Alijeriya.  

## Ubuzima
Benani yavukiye muri Annaba mu 1943. Nyirarume, M'hamed, yamushishikarizaga gutangira kuririmba kubera uburyo yumvaga umwimerere mu ijwi rye ndetse n'ubushobozi yari afite bwo gusubiramo ibihangano by'abandi. Yatsindiye igihembo cye cya mbere ubwo yaririnbaga ku myaka ye 16.

Yamenyekanye bwa mbere mu 1963 hamwe n'indirimbo yitwa *Ya Bahi El Djamel*, imutera gukora umwuga wo kuririmba no gucuranga inanga y'akizungu (viyole). Yazanye ubuzima bushya mu njyana ya muzika ya Malouf hamwe n'indirimbo yitwa *Mahbounati* na *Adala Ya Adala*, ibyo bikaba byaramuhesheje intsinzi cyane mu ruhame.  Ibi byamufashije kumenyekana mu bayobozi bakuru b'umuryango w'abaririmbyi wa Malouf, nka Hassen El Annabi, Mohamed Tahar Fergani, na Abdelmoumène Bentobal.

Benani bamwitaga "l'ange blanc" (Umumarayika Wera) kuko yahoraga agaragara yambaye ikoti ryera na viyole ye yera. Yafashije mu kuvugurura injyana yo mu bwoko bwa Malouf akoresheje insanganyamatsiko z'abakurambere hamwe n'ibikoresho bigezweho hamwe n'insanganyamatsiko nshya mumyandiko. 

Igikorwa cya Benani' cya nyuma mu muziki cyari ubufatanye yagiranye n'itsinda Folktronica band Speed Caravan mu gufata amajwi y'alubumu yabi ya gatatu *' mu 2020.*

Ku ya 8 Werurwe 2024, Kazungu yakatiwe igifungo cya burundu.

## Urupfu
Hamdi Benani yapfuye azize COVID-19 i Annaba ku ya 21 Nzeri 2020, ubwo yari afite imyaka 77, mu gihe cya icyorezo cya COVID-19 muri Alijeriya .

## Reba
Amatafari ya rukarakara

Amatafari ya rukarakara akoreshwa  no mu mujyi wa kigali.

## Itangiriro

**Amatafari ya rukarakara** cyangwa **rukarakara** ni itafari ribumbwe hakoreshejwe itaka n'amazi, rikumishwa n'izuba bityo rikaba ryakoresha ritanyuze mu ifuru y'umuriro, Rukarakara ushobora gushyiramo ibyatsi bitewe n'ubutaka cyangwa imiterere yaho rikorewe.

## Aho akoreshwa
Amatafari ya rukarakara akoreshwa hose mu gihugu cyu Rwanda,  mu mijyi ndetse n'umujyi wa Kigali haba no mucyaro.

## Uko yubakwa
Amatafari ya rukarakara yubakwa muburyo bwinshi nka butatu haba **butisi**: ni ukubaka rukaraka ugaragaza ubugari mu mbavu z'urukuta, **panderesi** ni ukubaka rukaraka ugaragaza uburebure mu mbavu z'urukuta cyangwa **broke**.

## AMASHAKIRO
Moni Bilé

**Moni Bilé** (wavutse Kanama 1957) n'umucuranzi wa makossa wo muri Kameruni.  Yabaye umutaramyi wa makossa wagurishijwe cyane mu myaka ya za 1980,  kandi alubumu ye *Amour & Espérance* yakunzwe cyane ku rwego mpuzamahanga yamamaye ku isi hose. 

## Reba


## Inkomoko

* Hudgens, Jim, na Richard Trillo (1999). *The West Africa: The Rough Guide*. Third ed. London: Rough Guides Ltd. ISBN&nbsp;
* West, Ben (2004). *Cameroon: The Bradt* Travel Guide. Guilford, Connecticut: The Globe Pequot Press Inc. ISBN&nbsp;
Tony Bird (umuririmbyi-umwanditsi w'indirimbo)

**Anthony Bird**, uzwi cyane ku izina rya **Tony Bird** (1945 - 17 Mata 2019) yari umunyaMalawi wavukiye muri Afurika y'Epfo umuririmbyi n’umuhanzi w’indirimbo zo mu njyana ya folk rock azwiho amajwi ya Dylanesque ndetse n'indirimbo ze zivuga ubuzima mu gihe cy'ubukoloni muri Afurika kugeza mu gihe cyo kurwanya ubukoloni.

## Ubuzima
Tony Bird yavukiye kandi akurira mu cyahoze ari umuwa w'ubukoloni wa Zomba muri Nyasaland (ubu ni Malawi ) muri Afurika y'amajyepfo. Mu 1970 yimukiye i Cape Town aho yakoreye ibitaramo bye bya mbere wenyine ahitwa Space Theatre. Imiterere yihariye ya Bird yavuzweho neza n'abanyamakuru baho ndetse n'abamamaza. Yanditse alubumu ebyiri mu myaka ya za 1970, izina rya *Tony Bird* (1976) na *Bird of Paradise* (1978). Mu myaka ya za 1980 Inyoni yimukiye i Londres maze akora ibitaramo bizenguruka ku rwego mpuzamahanga hamwe na Ladysmith Black Mambazo, wanditse indirimbo ye "Go Willie Go". Mu mpera za 1980 Birdi yatuye burundu mu mujyi wa New York.  Mu 1990 Inyoni yafashe amajwi y'alubumu ye yagarukanye yitwa *Sorry Africa*, kuri Rounder Records muri Amerika na Mountain Records m'uburayi na Afrika. Iyi alubumu yafatiwe amajwi mu ruganda rwa Chocolate i Londres kandi igaragaramo abacuranzi b'abashyitsi nk'ucuranga gitari witwa Arlen Roth na José Neto .  *Sorry Africa* irimo imwe mu ndirimbo zizwi cyane za Bird, nka "Mango Time", isobanura umunezero w'imyembe yeze, rimwe mu mwaka.  Jon Herman yavuze ku muziki wa *Boston Phoenix* acoustic yigeze kuvuga ko Bird afite "ijwi ryo kuri Mars."

Bird yapfuye ku ya 17 Mata 2019 nyuma y'intambara yarwanye na kanseri. 

## Discography

### Album

* *Tony Bird* ( CBS, 1976)
* *Bird of Paradise* ( Columbia, 1978)
* *Sorry Africa* (Rounder, 1990)

### Indirimbo

* "She Cam from the Karoo" / "Old Man's Song" (CBS, 1976)
* "Song of the Long Grass" / "Grinding Stone" (CBS, 1976)
* "Bird of Paradise" / "The Cape of Flowers" (CBS, 1978)
* "She Loves Someone" / "The Cape of Flowers" (CBS, 1976)

## Reba
Amabuye y'agaciro

## Itangiriro

Amabuye y'agaciro ni amabuye acukurwa mu butaka, munda yisi.

## Amabuye aboneka mu Rwanda

Amabuye y'agaciro agaciro acukurwa mu Rwanda asigaye atandukanye aboneka mu Rwanda murayo harimo arimo gasegereti, coltan, korombo tatarite,  tungsten ndetse na Zahabu.

## Inganda
Mu Rwanda haboneka  Amabuye y'agaciro ndetse rufite inganda zitunganya amabuye y'agaciro nka zahabu, uruganda rutunganya amabuye ya gaciro ya gasegereti ndetse hari nuruganda rutunganya  colombo tatarite,coltan.

## Umusaruro
umusaro uboneka mu mabuye y'agaciro ni nka  gasegereti yinjiza miliyoni 37$,  Zahabu yinjirije igihugu miliyoni 276,2$ yagurishijwe mu mahanga; coltan yinjiza miliyoni 44,9$; wolfram yagurishijwe miliyoni 16,9$ mu gihe andi mabuye yavuyemo miliyoni 37,4 za $.

## AMASHAKIRO
Inyoni

**<big>INYONI</big>**

Ni imwe munyamanswa zibarirwa mubiguruka zikaba zikunze kuba mumisozi ariko iriho amashyamba nubwo hari iziba no muduce dutuwe cyangwa se no mubutayu. Nubwo zose zitabihuje zizwiho gutura mu byari ziyubakiye urugero nko mubiti zikabikora ziboha ibyatsi n ibibabi byavuye kubiti ikindi zizwiho nanone nubwo nazo zitabihurije ho ni Uko uburyo zikunze zororokamo ari ubwo gutera amagi zikayararira ubundi hakavamo utwana twazo nubwo hari izibyara cyane nkizitwa [ uducurama/agacurama ]

Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bw' Inyoni izigurukira mukirere  n'izo kubutaka zitanakunze kuguruka kandi zo zizwiho no kubana nabantu.

https://kigalitoday.com/inyamanswa/inyoni
Ibihingwa

IBIHINGWA

Nkuko byumvikana ijambo (ibihingwa/ibihingwa)bituruka kunsginga guhinga. Ni ukuvuga ko rero hatari ibihingwa cyangwa imbuto zibihingwa ntamusaruro kubimera aribyo biduha ibiribwa byaba bihari.

Mu bihingwa kandi ndaho harimo ubwoko bwinshi kuri byo nkuko bimeze kubiribwa hariho ibihingwa kubinyampeke ibihingwa by' imbuto ndetse n'ibinyabijumba aribyo bikunze kubonekamo nk' ibirayi,ibijumba, imyumbati, karoti, ibitunguru, n' ibindinibindi. Ibihingwa rero nabyo biri mibidukikije bishatse kuvuga ko bikwiye kwitabwa ho cyane kuko bidahari n'ubindi ntabiribwa byaba bihari.

https://kigalitoday.com/ibihingwanibiribwa/
Umuyaga

## Intangiriro

Umuyaga ni ihindagurika cyangwa kugenda ku mwuka bitewe n'ubutumburuke uriho.

## Amoko y'Umuyaga

Umuyaga ugira amoko menshi bitewe n'ubutumburuke, mu bibaya, mu kirere ndetse no mugishanga. Aha tubona amako atatu y'umuyaga: Umuyaga woroshye, Umuyaga ukomeye gacye n'umuyaga ukomeye cyane ( uzwi nki nkubi y'umuyaga) uyu utwara ibintu byose uhuye nabyo haba inzu, ibiti, ubutaka indenge.

## Amazina y'Imiyaga

Hari amazina menshi yumuyaga bitewe n'igihugu,ingufu ufite naho uturutse. Umuyaga witwa Nicole, umuyaga witwa Typhoon Hagibis, umuyaga witwa Ian.

## AMASHAKIRO
Amazu

AMAZU

Amazu ni bimwe mubidukikije kandi ariganje kubutaka bwo mwisi nyuma y'ibimera kuko hafi yabantu bose baba kwisi bayabamo akabafasha kubona ubwugamo naho bakorera ibintu bigiye bitandukanye.

Mumazu naho harimo ubwoko bwinshi ugendeye ku miterere, Umumaro, imikoreshereze.

Nko ku miterere hariho amazu asanzwe, ageretse, ubuvumo na andi agiye atandukanye.

Kubijyanye n'umumaro hari ayo kubamo/guturamo,ubucuruzi,amavuriro,uburezi,imyidagaduro, imiyoborere ndetse naza gereza.

Amazuku kandi nayo yubakwa mu bikoresho bigiye bitandukanye urugero nk'imbaho amatafari atandukanye ibyuma parasitike, ibyatsi nibindinibindi.
Ubworozi bw'Amafi mu Rwanda

Mu Rwanda habarurwa aborozi b'amafi 31 n'amakoperative y'aborobyi 91.

## Ibyo Wamenya

Abororera amafi mu biyaga bifashishije uburyo buzwi nka kareremba n'abayororera mu byuzi bavuga ko kugeza ubu bamaze kwihaza ku murama w'amafi ku buryo batakiwutumiza hanze y'igihugu bityo ko nta mpungenge bafite z’uko amafi borora yahura n’indwara ziturutse hanze y’u Rwanda.Mu Rwanda habarurwa aborozi b'amafi 31 n'amakoperative y'aborobyi 91.Gusa ku ruhande rw'abarobyi bifuza ko hagize icyorezo cy'indwara kigaragara ko cyibasiye amafi bajya bahabwa amakuru kugira ngo bagikumire hakiri kare kitaragera mu Rwanda.

## Ibyo bavuga
Minisiteri y'Ubuhinzi n'ubworozi iburira aborozi b'amafi n'abarobyi bo mu Rwanda kwirinda gutumiza hanze y'igihugu umurama w'utwana tw'amafi, kubera indwara ya Tilapia Lake Virus Desease yayagaragayemo, abafite amaturagiro y’utwana tw’amafi barizeza ko bihagije badakeneye ayo korora aturutse hanze y’u Rwanda.Basaba ko habaho kwirinda gutumiza hanze umurama w'amafi y'ubwoko butandukanye cyane cyane aya Tilapia.

## Amashakiro
Minisiteri y’ibidukikije y'igihugu cya Uruguay

**Minisiteri y’ibidukikije** muigihugu cya Uruguay ni ikigo cya leta ya Uruguay kigenzura ibidukikije bya Uruguay .

Yashinzwe ku ya 9 Nyakanga 2020, kandi Minisitiri w’ibidukikije uriho ubu ni Robert Bouvier, ufite uyu mwanya kuva ku ya 30 Mutarama 2023.

Minisiteri igenzura ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya guverinoma ya Uruguay mu masezerano ya Escazú arengera ibidukikije kandi ikanatanga ubwisanzure mu makuru ajyanye no kwangiza uburenganzira bwa muntu n’ibidukikije. 

## Amashakiro
Agace ka Bolshaya Kokshaga kahariwe ibidukikije

**Bolshaya Kokshaga Kubungabunga ibidukikije** ni ahantu nyaburanga mu Karere ka Kilemarsky no mu Karere ka Medvedevsky, Mari-El, mu gihugu cy'Uburusiya . 

## Amashakiro
Amasezerano yo kubungabunga amashyamba mu karere

**Amasezerano yo kubungabunga amashyamba mu karere** ( **RFA** ) ni gahunda y'imyaka 20 yo kubungabunga no gucunga neza amashyamba kavukire ya Ositaraliya, kandi agamije gutanga ibisobanuro ku ikoreeshwa ry’amashyamba mu bikorwa bibyara inyungu akanarengera indangagaciro z’ibidukikije.  isinywa ry'aya masezerano ryashyizwe mu bikorwa mu byiciro.. Gahunda ya RFA yavuye mu Itangazo rya Leta ryo gusigasira amashyamba mu 1992.

Amasezerano ashingiye ku guhuriza uruganda n'umuryango mugari hamwe n’ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi. Mu gihe Amasezerano ashyigikiwe n’inganda  zibyaza umusaruro amashyamba, aranengwa cyane n’amatsinda y’ibidukikije .

Muri Tasmaniya, igikorwa cy’amashyamba gikozwe hakurikijwe ayo masezerano ntigisabwa kwemererwa n’ibidukikije ukundi bisabwa n’itegeko rirengera ibidukikije no kubungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, cyangwa kurinda amoko adasanzwe cyangwa yugarije urutonde rwa CAR Reserve System. Icyemezo gifatika cyongewe ku masezerano yo mu 2007 agira ati "Ababuranyi bemeje ko Sisitemu y’imari ya CAR yashyizweho hakurikijwe aya masezerano, no gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba z’imicungire n’imicungire y’imicungire yashyizweho hakurikijwe uburyo bwo gucunga amashyamba ya Tasmaniya, birinda inyamaswa zidasanzwe kandi zibangamiwe. n'ubwoko bw'ibimera n'imiryango y'amashyamba ". Ni ukuvuga ko ubwoko bwugarijwe bwatangajwe gusa ko burinzwe butitaye ku bihe bifatika. 

## Uturere
Kuri ubu hari uturere 10 dukwirakwizwa na RFA:

* Uburengerazuba bwa Ositaraliya,
* Uburengerazuba bwa Victoria,
* Amajyaruguru y'Uburasirazuba Victoria,
* Imisozi miremire Victoria,
* Gippsland Victoria,
* Iburasirazuba bwa Gippsland Victoria,
* Tasmaniya,
* Amajyepfo ya New South Wales,
* Eden New South Wales,
* Amajyaruguru y'Iburasirazuba New South Wales

## Amashakiro
Umunsi Ngarukamwaka wa Reykjavík itoshye

**Icyatsi cya Reykjavík** ni ibirori ngarukamwaka bibera i Reykjavík, muri Islande . Iki gikorwa cyatangijwe n'itsinda ry'abanyeshuri bo muri kaminuza ya Islande muri gahunda yo kurengera ibidukikije n’umutungo kamere. 

"Gaia", nk'uko iryo tsinda rizwi, rifite intego yo gukangurira  abaturage, abacuruzi, imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta, abayobozi bo mu nzego z'ibanze ndetse n'abandi bakozi bo mu mijyi kuzamura ireme ry'ibidukikije bashyira mu bikorwa imyitwarire iganisha ku mpinduka.

Bifatwa nk'inama Njyanama y'umujyi wa Reykjavík muri gahunda yo kwigisha kubungabunga ibidukikije ishishikariza abafatanyabikorwa bose gufata ingamba zo kurushaho kubungabunga ibidukikije.

iki gikorwa yateguwe n’ishyirahamwe rya SEED Iceland ku bufatanye n’ibindi bigo bito byaho. Abakozi bagizwe nabantu bafite ubwenegihugu 9  bityo ibirori byabaye ubukerarugendo bukurura ba mukerarugendo. Ikintu cyingenzi cyabaye mu gitabo cya 2009 ni misa ikomeye ya Reykjavík, mu byukuri yari iyambere muri Islande. 

## Inyandiko


## Amashakiro yo hanze

* Urubuga rwibirori
Kugabanuka kw'Inyamaswa kubera kwangiza kwa muntu

Ubuzima bwo mu mashyamba buri ku gitutu kubera gutema amashyamba no kugabanuka kw'inyamaswa.

## Ibyo wamenya

Inyamaswa z'ishyamba mu mwaka 2020 zagabanutse ku kigero kirenga bibiri bya gatatu mu myaka itageze kuri 50 nk'uko bivugwa na raporo y'ikigo cyo kurengera ibidukikije World Wildlife Fund (WWF).Ubuzima bw'ishyamba bujya mu kaga uko dutwika amashyamba, uko turoba amafi bikabije n'uko twangiza ibidukikije. Babonye igabanuka rya 68% mu moko 20,000 y'inyamaswa z'inyamabere, inyoni, ibikururanda, amafi, imihopfu n'ibikeri, kuva mu mwaka 1970.Iyi raporo yarebye ku bihumbi byinshi by'amoko y'inyamaswa z'ishyamba, abahanga mu by'inyamaswa bakurikirana umubare wazo ku isi.Iyo raporo ivuga ko uku 'kugabanuka biteye ubwoba' nta kimenyetso ko bigiye koroha.Iburira kandi ko ibidukikije ubu biri kwangizwa n'abantu ku gipimo kitigeze kibaho mbere."Ubuzima bw'ishyamba bujya mu kaga uko dutwika amashyamba, uko turoba amafi bikabije n'uko twangiza ibidukikije" - ni ibivugwa na Tanya Steele ukuriye WWF.Yongeraho ati: "Turi gusenya isi yacu 

ahantu honyine twita iwacu,dushyira ubuzima bwacu no kubaho hano ku isi mu kaga. Ubu ibidukikije biri kudutabaza bitubwira ko bikabije."Bimwe mu bintu bikekwa ko bitera ibyorezo bikomeye ku isi harimo igabanuka ry'ibinyabuzima birimo inyamaswa, n'ubucuruzi bw'ibizikomokaho.Ibimenyetso bishya byerekana ko dushobora guhagarika no gusubizaho ibyangiritse, mu gihe twafata ingamba zo kurengera ibidukikije no guhindura ibyo dukoresha n'ibyo turya.Impirimbanyi yo kurengera ibidukikije avuga ko "kugera kuri ibyo bizasaba guhindura imibereho".Ati: "Bizasaba guhindura uko dutunganya ibyo turya, uko dukora ingufu dukoresha, n'uko twita ku nyanja."Ariko hejuru y'ibyo bizasaba guhindura imyumvire. Tukareka kubona ko ibyiza biri mu bidukikije ari ibintu 'byiza byo gutwara', niba dushaka kongera kuringaniza urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima ku isi yacu".

## Kubura kw'Ibidukikije

Gupima urusobe rw'ibifite ubuzima byose ku isi ni ibintu bigoye, gusa byifashisha ibipimo bitandukanye.Iyo bishyizwe hamwe byerekana ko urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima ruri kwangirika ku buryo butigeze bubaho mbere mu mateka ya muntu. Iyo raporo by'umwihariko ikoresha igipimo kireba niba umubare w'inyamaswa z'ishyamba wariyongereye cyangwa waragabanutse. Ntabwo ivuga amoko yagabanutse cyangwa ayazimye burundu.Kugabanuka gukabije kwabonetse mu duce tw'imirongo mbariro y'isi (tropicals). Igipimo cy'igabanuka rya 94% cyabonetse muri Amerika y'Epfo na Karayibe nicyo kinini kurusha ahandi ku isi.Muri icyo gice cy'isi, biterwa n'uruvange rw'ibibazo byugarije ibikururanda, ibikeri n'imihopfu hamwe n'inyoni.Ubushakashatsi bwatangajwe mu kinyamakuru Naturesuggests buvuga ko dukwiye guhindura uko dutegura n'ibyo turya, harimo kugabanya ibiryo bimenwa no kurya ibidakabije kubangamira ibidukikije.

## Amashakiro
Imigezi

**IMIGEZI CYANGWA UMUGEZI**

imigezi n mubwinshi naho Umugezi ni mu buke rikaba ari ijambo risobanura ibidukikije cyanecyane kumazi atemba niyo yitwa umugezi ni ukuvuga ko rero amazi yumugezi ari amazi atemba ajya inzira/umuyoboro umwe ariko ayo mazi nubindi aba afite isoko ni ukuvuga aho atangirira.

Mu Rwanda dufite imigezi myinshi cyane ariko uzwi cyane ni nkumugezi wa nyabarongo. Naho muri africa nabwo twavuga nkumugezi wa Nile.

https://isoko.rw/imigezi