Uganda Inyamaswa zitaweho kurusha Abatwa

Abatwa benshi bo muri Uganda, birukanwe mu myaka 30 ishize mu ngo barazwe n'abasekuruza babo zo mu mashyamba kugira ngo habungabungwe ubuzima bw'inyamaswa.

## Urugendo mukwirukanwa kwa Abatwa mushyamba
Mu rugendo n'amaguru mu ishyamba ry'inzitane rya Bwindi, indirimbo Abatwa baririmba zifatwa nk'iz'ibyishimo, ariko zirumvikanamo agahinda.Ni izo kwishimira umusaruro mwiza w'ubuki, ariko nta musaruro uhari kuko Abatwa batacyemerewe guhakura ubuki, cyangwa ikindi kintu icyo ari cyo cyose, muri iri shyamba.Ahubwo, aba basangwabutaka bafata ba mukerarugendo babaha amafaranga bakabatembereza mu turere tw'abasekuruza babo bahoze batuyemo mu ishyamba ndetse, mu buryo burimo imbyino, bakabasubiriramo uburyo bahoze babayeho.Injyana iracurangwa ku mirya y'icyuma hakoreshejwe urutoki rw'igikumwe ku nanga izwi nk"icyembe", ubwo tugeze ku itsinda ry'inzu za nyakatsi muri iri shyamba, nyuma yo kugenda iminota 30.ukuriye iri tsinda, atunga urutoki ku hantu hari inyuma y'izi nyakatsi, arasobanura ati: "Aha hari kuba ari indaro [urusengero], aho twari kuba tuganirira n'abakurambere bacu.Iyo abagabo babaga bashaka kujya guhiga, bitwazaga inyama cyangwa ubuki nk'amaturo. Bahigaga ingurube z'agasozi [isatura] n'amoko menshi y'impongo [antilope, mu Gifaransa]. Abagore bishimiraga ko umuhigo warumbutse, bagateka bakanabyina. Ariko ubu ntitukibona ibiryo by'ubu bwoko.Ufite imyaka hafi 50, ni mukuru bihagije kuburyo yibuka uko ubuzima bwari bumeze kuri we na bagenzi be mbere yuko birukanwa.Mu gihe cy'imyaka ibarirwa mu magana, bari babayeho nk'abahigi batunzwe n'ibiva mu mashyamba yo mu misozi miremire yo ku mipaka ya Uganda, u Rwanda na Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo.Ariko mu myaka ya 1990, Abatwa bo muri Uganda birukanwe mu mashyamba ya Bwindi, Mgahinga na Echuya mu majyepfo ashyira uburengerazuba bw'igihugu, ubwo utwo turere twahindukaga za parike z'inyamaswa, mbere na mbere mu rwego rwo kwita ku ngagi z'imbonekarimwe zo mu misozi miremire.Ku migenzo y'Abatwa, irimo no kurambagiza (gutereta) mu cyahoze ari imbuga aho abasore n'abakobwa bajyaga bahurira bagasabana."Umusore wabaga ushaka kurongora byamusabaga gutega *intenzi* (ubwoko bw'inkima isimbuka imeze nk'iguruka).Iranyaruka cyane ku maguru yayo, rero byamusabaga guhengera igihe isinziriye mu mwobo wo mu giti. Akayifata ikangutse irimo kugerageza guhunga. Yagombaga kuyizana ari nzima, bitaba ibyo nta mugore yabonaga.

## Nyuma yokwirukanwa bahawe ubutaka bwo guhinga

Nyuma yo kwirukanwa, imiryango imwe y'Abatwa yahawe ubutaka bwo guhinga, ibuhawe na leta ya Uganda.Ariko kuko batari bazi guhinga, ubutaka barabugurishije nuko benshi bakwiragira muri ako karere, bakabeshwaho n'ibyo bahawe n'abaturanyi babo b'abagiraneza ndetse n'imiryango itagamije inyungu.Abaturanyi bamwe barabasuzuguye, babita abantu bo mu gisambu [mu kigunda].Abatwa bo muri Uganda, babarurwa ko batageze ku 7,000, benshi bagiye mu duce tw'umujyi, nka Kisoro, aka karere kakaba kari hafi y'amashyamba.Mu nkengero y'uwo mujyi muto, imiryango ituye ku butaka bwa leta, mu ngo zubatswe mu bikarito zisakajwe amahema. Babayeho mu manegeka.Mu mwaka wa 2011, itsinda ry'Abatwa rifatanyije n'imiryango itegamiye kuri leta, bareze mu rukiko leta ya Uganda kubera kubirukana nuko mu mpera y'umwaka ushize wa 2021, urukiko rurinda iremezo ry'itegekonshinga rwanzura ko batsinze.Rwavuze ko aba Batwa bafashwe mu buryo butari ubwa kimuntu, rutegeka ko "indishyi irimo gushyira mu gaciro no mu kuri" irihwa mu gihe kitarenze amezi 12, ariko leta irashaka kujurira.Abatwa bamwe bamenyereye ubuzima bushya bayoboka ubuhinzi.Inyamaswa zitaweho neza kurusha Abatwa, kuko ba mukerarugendo baraza, bakishyura amafaranga, leta igakoresha ayo mafaranga, naho Abatwa bakaba babayeho nabi.Izo nyamaswa ni ingagi zo mu misozi miremire. Leta ya Uganda yishyuza agera ku madolari 700 y'Amerika (agera ku 709,600 by'amafaranga y'u Rwanda) ku kujya kuzireba.Ibikorwa byo kubungabunga ibidukikije byatumye ingagi zo muri Uganda ziyongera zigera ku ngagi 459, no ku ngagi zirenga 1,000 ku isi, bivuze ko zitakiri ku rutonde rw'iziri mu byago bikomeye byuko zacika (zashiraho) burundu.Ikigo cya Uganda cyita ku nyamaswa (Uganda Wildlife Authority, UWA) kivuga ko ibi kirimo kubikora kibinyujije mu kwemerera Abatwa kujyana ba mukerarugendo kubatembereza mu ishyamba na kimwe cya gatanu cy'amafaranga yinjijwe na parike kigahabwa abaturage bayegereye binyuze mu buyobozi bw'inzego z'ibanze.Mu rugendo rw'Abatwa bava mu ishyamba, hakozwe amakosa menshi. Ariko ikirego cyo kutabona ubutaka, kutabemerera kugira umuco wabo, rwose kirakocamye kandi si ukuri.Nyamara Abatwa bo barashaka ahantu ho kwita iwabo no kwemerwa nk'abasangwabutaka kugira ngo bitabweho kurushaho mu mategeko mpuzamahanga.

## Amashakiro