Agace k'ubucuruzi ku mugabane w'afurika

**Agace k'Ubucuruzi Nyafurika ku Buntu** ( **African Continental Free Trade Area(** **AfCFTA)** )  ni agace k'ubucuruzi ku buntu gakubiyemo igice kinini cy'Afurika .    Yashinzwe mu mwaka wo muri 2018 n’amasezerano **ny'afurika y’ubucuruzi ku mugabane wa Afurika**, afite amashami 43 n’abandi 11 bashyize umukono ku masezerano, akaba ari yo gace k’ubucuruzi n’ibihugu byinshi, nyuma y’umuryango w’ubucuruzi ku isi,  kandi kikaba kinini mu baturage ingano yaho hose, igera kuri miliyari 1,3 ku mugabane wa kabiri munini ku isi.

Amasezerano yashinze AfCFTA yashyizweho n’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika Yunze ubumwe ( AU ) ashyirwaho umukono n’ibihugu 44 mu bihugu 55 bigize uyu muryango i Kigali, mu Rwanda ku ya 21 Werurwe 2018.   Iki cyifuzo cyashyizwe mu bikorwa nyuma yiminsi 30 yemejwe n’ibihugu 22 byashyize umukono ku masezerano.  Ku ya 29 Mata 2019,  Repubulika ya Saharawi yashyize ku nshuro ya 22 ibikoresho byemeza, bituma amasezerano atangira gukurikizwa ku ya 30 Gicurasi; yinjiye mu cyiciro cyayo gikurikira nyuma y’inama yo ku ya 7 Nyakanga 2019,  itangira ku mugaragaro ku ya 1 Mutarama 2021. Imishyikirano ya AfCFTA no kuyishyira mu bikorwa bigenzurwa n’ubunyamabanga buhoraho bufite icyicaro i Accra, muri Gana .  

## Amateka

### Amavu n'amavuko
Muri 1963, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika washinzwe n’ibihugu byigenga by'Afurika. OAU yari igamije guteza imbere ubufatanye hagati y’ibihugu by'Afurika. Gahunda y'ibikorwa ya Lagos yo muri 1980 yemejwe n'umuryango. Umugambi wasabye ko Afurika igomba kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku Burengerazuba mu guteza imbere ubucuruzi hagati y’Afurika. Ibi byatangiye hashyirwaho imiryango myinshi y’ubufatanye mu karere mu turere dutandukanye twa Afurika, nk’inama yo guhuza iterambere ry’Afurika yepfo . Amaherezo, ibyo byatumye Amasezerano ya Abuja muri 1991, ashyiraho Umuryango w’ubukungu w’Afurika, umuryango wateje imbere iterambere ry’ubucuruzi bw’ubucuruzi, ihuriro ry’imisoro, Banki nkuru y’Afurika, n’ubumwe bw’Afurika rusange .  

Muri 2002, OAU yasimbuwe n’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika Yunze ubumwe ( AU ), yari ifite imwe mu ntego zayo zo kwihutisha ubukungu bw’umugabane.  Intego ya kabiri yari guhuza no guhuza politiki hagati y’umuryango w’ubukungu w’akarere uhari n’ejo hazaza kugira ngo intego z’Ubumwe zigerweho buhoro buhoro . 

### 2018 Inama ya Kigali
Muri Werurwe 2018, mu nama ya 10 idasanzwe y’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Afurika Yunze ubumwe kuri AfCFTA, hasinywe amasezerano atatu atandukanye: Amasezerano y’ubucuruzi y’ubucuruzi ku mugabane wa Afurika ku mugabane wa Afurika, Itangazo rya Kigali  na Porotokole ku Kwimuka kwabantu . Amasezerano agenga urujya n'uruza rw'abantu arashaka gushyiraho akarere katarangwamo viza mu bihugu bya AfCFTA, no gushyigikira ishyirwaho rya Passe porti y’ubumwe bw’afurika .  Mu nama yabereye i Kigali ku ya 21 Werurwe 2018, ibihugu 44 byashyize umukono kuri AfCFTA, 47 bishyira umukono ku Itangazo rya Kigali, naho 30 bishyira umukono ku masezerano yerekeye kugenda kw’abantu. Nubwo byagenze neza, hari abantu babiri bazwi: Nijeriya na Afurika y'Epfo, ubukungu bubiri bukomeye muri Afurika.   

Kimwe mu bintu bigoye mu mishyikirano ni uko Afurika yari imaze kwigabanyamo ibice umunani bitandukanye by’ubucuruzi bwigenga na  cyangwa ihuriro ry’amashyirahamwe ya gasutamo, buri gihugu gifite amabwiriza atandukanye.  Izi nzego zo mu karere zizakomeza kubaho, Amasezerano y’ubucuruzi y’umugabane wa Afurika ku mugabane wa mbere arashaka kugabanya inzitizi z’ubucuruzi hagati y’inkingi zinyuranye z’umuryango w’ubukungu bw’Afurika, hanyuma amaherezo agakoresha iyo miryango yo mu karere nk’inzitizi z’intego nya mukuru y’ubumwe bwa gasutamo muri Afurika.    

## Inzego
Inzego zikurikira zashyizweho kugirango zorohereze ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ubucuruzi bwisanzuye. Kubera imishyikirano y'icyiciro cya kabiri hashobora gushyirwaho komite nyinshi binyuze mu masezerano . 

Hashyizweho komite nyinshi, z’ubucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa, ubucuruzi muri serivisi, ku mategeko akomokaho, imiti y’ubucuruzi, inzitizi zidasoreshwa, inzitizi za tekinike zibangamira ubucuruzi ndetse n’ingamba z’isuku na phytosanitarite.  Amategeko nuburyo bwo gukemura amakimbirane biracyaganirwaho, ariko birashoboka ko bizaba birimo gushyiraho urwego rushinzwe gukemura amakimbirane.  Komite y'abayobozi bakuru mu bucuruzi ishyira mu bikorwa ibyemezo by'Inama Njyanama. Komite ishinzwe guteza imbere gahunda na gahunda y'ibikorwa byo gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano y'AfCFTA. 

### Ibindi bihugu bigize AU
Eritereya ntiyasinye kubera amakimbirane na Etiyopiya, ariko guhera muri 2019, nyuma y’inama ya Eritereya na Etiyopiya 2018, Komiseri w’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri AU yari yiteze ko amaherezo Eritereya izasinya ayo masezerano. 

## Isuzuma ry'uburenganzira bwa muntu
Muri Nyakanga 2017, raporo y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe ubukungu muri afurika, ivuga ko CFTA ishobora kugira uruhare mu guhangana n’ubukene n’ubusumbane kuko ubwinshi bwayo buzafasha impinduka zishingiye ku miterere y’ubukungu bwa Afurika. Bibonwa ko ari intambwe iganisha kuri Gahunda yo muri 2063 y’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika hamwe n’intego zirambye z’iterambere . Inyandiko yari igamije kureba niba uburenganzira bwa muntu bwasuzumwe mu biganiro.  

## Reba kandi
 

## Inyandiko

## Source
 This article incorporates text from a free content work.  Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 (license statement/permission). Text taken from Seizing the opportunities of the African Continental Free Trade Area for the economic empowerment of women in agriculture​,  FAO, FAO. .mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Official website 
* UNCTAD support to the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)
* African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) page on the Rules of Origin Facilitator, with member countries' status and access to legal documents.