Kurinda amashyamba

**Abarinzi b'amashyamba**  ni ishami ry’amashyamba ryita ku kubungabunga cyangwa guteza imbere ishyamba no gukumira no kugenzura ibyangizwa n’amashyamba na kamere cyangwa umuntu byatewe nk’umuriro w'amashyamba, udukoko twangiza, hamwe n’ikirere kibi .

Kurinda amashyamba nabyo bifite ubuzima gatozi kandi aho kurinda abantu bangiza amashyamba gusa bigaragara ko ari benshi harimo na pathologie y'amashyamba. Bitewe n'ibisobanuro bitandukanye bwo kurinda amashyamba.

kurengera amashyamba byibanda ku binyabuzima na abiotic bitajyanye n’ibyaha.ishyamba ririnzwe ritandukanye cyane n'ishyamba ritarinzwe.

ishyamba ritarinzwe rishobora guteza ingorane cyane harimo inkongi y'umuriro ndetse no kwangirika kw'ikirere kubura inyamaswa ndetse n'izindi ngaruka zitandukanye https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/ca8985en

Ubwoko bw'ihohoterwa rikorerwa abantu kurinda amashyamba bashaka gukumira harimo:

* Aggressive or unsustainable intensive farming and logging
* Pollution of the forest soil
* Expanding city development caused by population explosion and the resulting urban sprawl

amategeko yerekeye ubutaka bw’amashyamba arakomeye cyangwa ntabeho mu bice byinshi by'isi. Muri Amerika y'Epfo agenda atera akaga, harimo amashyamba akomeye, abayobozi b'ikigo cy'igihugu cya Berezile gishinzwe ibidukikije (IBAMA) baherutse kuraswa mu mirimo yabo isanzwe. 

## Kugura ubutaka
Ubwoko bumwe bworoshye bwo kurinda amashyamba ni ukubona ubutaka na leta cyangwa imiryango ishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije kugirango bibungabunge umutekano, cyangwa gutera amashyamba  Ariko rero, kugura ikibanza gusa ntibibuza gukoreshwa n'abandi mu guhinga no gutema ibiti bitemewe

Inzira nziza yo kurinda ishyamba, cyane cyane amashyamba akura ashaje mu turere twa kure, ni ukubona igice cyayo , gutura , gukurikirana ubutaka bwaguzwe,izi ngamba rimwe na rimwe ntizihagije kubera ko gutwika bishobora gutwika ishyamba hasi, hasigara ahantu hatwitswe hakoreshwa ubusa. 

Ikindi kibazo kijyanye no gutura ku butaka bw’amashyamba yaguzwe ni uko hashobora kuba hatabereye ahantu heza h’urugo rusanzwe hatabayeho gukuraho ubutaka, butubahiriza intego yo kurinda. Mu bindi bisubizo harimo kubaka uburinzi cyangwa , Ibi birakorwa muri iki gihe muri Amerika yepfo kugirango barinde ibigega binini. Mubihe byashize, abanyamerika kavukire babaga mu mpande cyangwa mu butaka bwa mandan

Uburyo butari bwiza bwo kurinda amashyamba bwageragejwe, nk'ubucuruzi bw'ibiti bwemewe. Kurinda igice gito cy'ubutaka mu mashyamba manini birashobora kandi bugira agaciro gake. amashyamba y'imvura yo muturere dushyuha ashobora gupfa aramutse agabanutse mubunini, kubera ko biterwa na kirima barema. 

Ubwumvikane ni ugukora ubuhinzi n'ubworozi, cyangwa gucunga neza ibiti. Ibi bisobanura indangagaciro zitandukanye kubutaka bwamashyamba nubutaka bwimirima, ahantu henshi hagabanijwe.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0262407909618029?via%3Dihub https://woodlandstewards.osu.edu/

## Gutemba kw'abaturanyi
Ubushakashatsi buvuguruzanya ku gitekerezo kivuga ko kurinda amashyamba byimura amashyamba gusa. Ibi byitwa 'quartier leakage'. Dukurikije paradox yo kurinda amashyamba  ahantu harinzwe nko gutura mu cyaro harinzwe hiyongereyeho inshuro ebyiri ugereranije n’ahandi. IUCN ishyira mu bikorwa protocole irinda uturere turenga 670. 46% by'ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije bitarenze 10%. Bikaba bivuze ko uturere tudakurikiranwa nkuko bikwiye kandi uburinzi ntibukora. Urebye kurengera amashyamba mubice byihutirwa kw'isi ntibi shimishije. Urugero rwatanzwe ni uko ikigereranyo cyo kurinda 8.4% ahantu h’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye. Ibisubizo bifite aho bihuriye na politiki ukurikije intego y’amasezerano y'ubudasa bw'ibinyabuzima, yongeye gushimangirwa mu 2008, kubungabunga mu buryo bunoze “nibura 10% bya buri bwoko bw’amashyamba ku isi”.https://www.eib.org/en/publications/20220173-forests-at-the-heart-of-sustainable-development 

## Reba

* Amashyamba ari mu kaga * Igishushanyo mbonera cyo kugarura: Imiterere yanyuma y’amashyamba ku isi * Isuzuma ry’umutungo w’amashyamba ku isi 2005
* CoolForests.org - Kubungabunga bikonjesha umubumbe