open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Impuruza ku modoka, inkwi n’inganda zangiza ikirere mu Rwanda

Abashakashatsi mu by’ubumenyi bw’ikirere bakomeje gutanga impuruza ko ingamba zigamije kukirinda guhumana zakazwa, cyane cyane imodoka zisohora imyuka icyangiza, ikoreshwa ry’inkwi n’amakara mu gucana cyo kimwe n’imyotsi ituruka mu nganda bigakumirwa.

Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) ryasohoye amabwiriza y’ubuziranenge avuguruye agamije kurokora miliyoni z’abantu bahitanwa n’indwara ziterwa n’ihumana ry’ikirere.

## Amabwiriza
Amabwiriza mashya yatangajwe mu mpera za Nzeri 2021, yaherukaga kuvugururwa mu 2005.

OMS yatangaje ko aya mavugurura yitezweho kugabanya impfu z’abantu barenga miliyoni zirindwi bahitanwa n’indwara zikomoka ku ihumana ry’ikirere buri mwaka.

Amabwiriza mashya ashyiraho cyangwa avugurura ingano y’imyuka ndetse n’utuvungukira duto duhumanya ikirere mu gihe cy’amasaha 24 ndetse no ku mwaka. Urugero ni utuvungukira duto cyane tuzwi nka particles (PM2.5) dusanzwe dutera indwara nyinshi harimo asima [Asthma] na kanseri y’ibihaha.

Ubusanzwe amabwiriza y’ubuziranenge ya 2005 yategekaga ingano y’utu tuvungukira ingana na mikorogarama (microgram) 10 kuri metero kibe mu gihe cy’umwaka, ubu yagabanutseho mikorogarama eshanu kuri metero kibe mu cyegeranyo cyo muri Nzeri 2021.

Iyi raporo yerekana kandi ko mu gihe ibihugu byakubahiriza aya mabwiriza mashya cyane cyane ku tuvungukira (PM2.5), byagabanya hafi 80% by’impfu zaterwaga natwo.

Amabwiriza mashya asaba inzego za Leta n’iz’abikorera gufatanya bakarinda ubuzima bw’abaturage babo bagabanya ibintu byose bihumanya ikirere.

Muri Kamena 2016 ni bwo hasohotse itegeko riha uburenganzira Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe kubungabunga Ibidukikije (REMA) kubungabunga imyuka yanduza ikirere no gushyiraho ingamba zo kwirinda.

## Ingamba
U Rwanda ruza mu bihugu bya mbere muri Afurika byapimye imyuka yanduza ikirere, rushyiraho amategeko y’ubuziranenge n’amabwiriza y’ibipimo. Ni rwo rwabaye urwa mbere muri Afurika mu gushyikiriza Loni intego zo kubungabunga ikirere, aho rwiyemeje kugabanya imyuka igihumanya ku kigero cya 38% mu 2030.

Zimwe mu ngamba rwihaye muri icyo cyerekezo harimo kunoza uburyo bwo gutunganya ingufu, gukoresha inganda neza, gucunga imyanda, ubwikorezi ndetse n’ubuhinzi; bizatuma imyuka ihumanya ikirere igabanukaho toni miliyoni 4,6.

Ku wa 7 Nzeri 2021 ubwo u Rwanda rwizihizaga Umunsi mpuzamahanga w’Ikirere cyiza cy’Ubururu, rwagaragaje bimwe mu byashyizweho birimo gushyira mu bikorwa politiki y’ikirere ihuriweho n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere; ikoreshwa ry’ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi, siporo yo ku cyumweru ikorwa imodoka zakumiriwe mu mihanda (Car Free Day), gusuzuma imyotsi iva mu binyabiziga bikoresha lisansi na mazutu, gushyiraho uduce twihariye tutageramo imodoka (Car Free Zone) ndetse n’ingamba zo kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’inkwi n’amakara bihumanya ikirere.

## Reba
Habonetse amagi arenga ijana ya Dinosaur amaze imyaka miliyoni 193

Abashakashati bakurikirana ubuzima bw’ibisagaratongo, Paléontologistes, bavumbuye ibyari birimo amagi arenga 100 ndetse n’ibikanka 80 bya dinosaur zo mu bwoko bwa Mussaurus bimaze imyaka miliyoni 193 bibayeho.

Byabonetse ahitwa Patagonia muri Argentine, bitanga gihamya yuko na za Dinosaur zaturaga hamwe ari nyinshi, ibintu bikunda gukorwa n’inyamaswa cyangwa amatungo y’indyabyatsi mu rwego rwo kwirinda umwanzi.

## Ubushakashatsi
Ubu bushakashatsi bwasohotse mu kinyamakuru “Scientific Reports” bwagaragaje ko izi dinosaur zagendaga mu gikundi mbere y’uko zicwa n’amapfa yatewe n’izuba, aho zagendaga hakurikijwe imyaka yazo ndetse n’ingano cyangwa indeshyo.

Ahabonywe izi nyamaswa zimaze imyaka myinshi zizimiye, haherukaga gukorerwa ubushakashatsi mu myaka ya 1970, aho abahanga mu bya siyansi bahavumbuye igikanka (squelettes) cya dinosaur yo mu bwoko bwa Mussaurus gifite uburebure bwa santimetero 15.

Nyuma yo kuvumbura iki gikanka, umwe mu bashakashatsi witwa Diego Pol yasubiyeyo mu 2012 ngo arebe neza ibyo aribyo, nibwo yaje kuvumbura ukuri kuri izi dinosaur abona ko zakuraga kugera ku burebure bwa metero 7 ndetse zinapima ibiro biri munsi ya toni ebyiri. Aha ni nabwo yahise avumbura aya magi n’ibikanka 80.

## Reba
Nyungwe yabariwe agaciro ka miliyari 4,8 $

Raporo igaragaza imiterere y’ubukungu bushingiye ku rusobe rw’ibinyabuzima mu Rwanda, yagaragaje ko agaciro ka Pariki y’Igihugu ya Nyungwe ari miliyari 4,8 $.

## Intego
Intego y’iyi raporo ni ukugaragaza amahirwe ahishe mu bijyanye n’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ku bukungu no gushishikariza inzego za leta n’abikorera kubishoramo imari by’umwihariko bigamije kubibungabunga no guteza imbere ubukungu bw’igihugu.

## Imiterere
Nyungwe yabariwe miliyari 4,8$ niryo shyamba ry’inzitane ryo mu misozi miremire muri Afurika. Rirusha andi ubugari mu mashyamba yo mu misozi ya Afurika y’Iburasirazuba no hagati; ni naryo ryabayeho mbere y’andi kuko ryabayeho mu gihe cyiswe icy’ubutita.

Ishyamba rya Nyungwe ririmo amoko arenga 200 y’ibiti n’urwunge rw’ibiti by’indabyo, amoko agera kuri 300 y’inyoni nk’inyoni nini y’ubururu yitwa Turaco n’izindi.

Ririmo isumo rya Kamiranzovu rituruka mu gishanga cya Kamiranzovu ku bilometero bitatu uvuye ku gishanga. Rifite uburebure bwa metero zisaga 100, ryohereza amazi mu Kivu agakomereza mu ruzi rwa Congo anyuze mu kiyaga cya Tanganyika.

Iyi raporo igaragaza ko igishanga cya Rugezi giherereye mu Karere ka Burera mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru gifite agaciro ka miliyoni 374,3$. Ni mu gihe icyanya cya Mukura cyo kibarirwa agaciro ka miliyoni 1,4$.

## Ibindi

Yerekana kandi ko agaciro k’ikibaya cya Akagera ko kari kari kuri miliyari 1,1 $.

## Reba
I Musanze, abakoresha isoko rya Kinigi babangamiwe n’ikimpoteri kibateza umwanda

Bamwe mu baturage barema n’abakoresha isoko rya Kinigi ryo mu Karere ka Musanze, bavuga ko babangamiwe n’umwanda ndetse n’umunuko bigiturukamo kuko kimaze imyaka irenga ibiri kidakurwamo imyanda.

## Imiterere
Iki kimoteri kiri muri Santere ya Kinigi mu Murenge wa Kinigi, gikoreshwa mu gushyiramo imyanda iba yakusanyijwe mu isoko rya Kinigi n’ituruka mu ngo z’abaturage begereye iyi Santere. Cyari cyahashyizwe ngo kijye gikusanyirizwamo iyi myanda mu gihe gito cy’iminsi itatu, igahita ihakurwa ikajyanwa mu kiri mu Murenge wa Cyuve ariko siko bimeze ubu kuko kimaze imyaka ibiri gikoreshwa ariko idakurwamo.

Bamwe mu barema iri soko n’abarituriye, bavuga ko giteje impungenge ku buzima kubera umunuko n’umwanda.

## Ingaruka
Ikimpoteri cya Kinigi kuri ubu usanga harimo n’abana baba bari gutoraguramo bimwe mu bikoresho byakoreshejwe bikajugunywa byiganjemo amacupa ya pulasitike, inkweto n’ibyuma bishaje.

Ubuyobozi bw’Umurenge wa Kinigi bwo bugira inama abaturage ko mu gihe bagitegereje igisubizo kirambye, bajya bagerageza kuvangura imyanda ibora n’itabora ntibivangwe birinda ko ibora vuba ishobora kuba ariyo ibateza amasazi n’umunuko.

## Reba
Ukuramba kw’Abahinde gushobora kugabanyukaho imyaka icyenda kubera ihumana ry’ikirere

Raporo yakozwe n’ikigo gishinzwe ingufu muri Kaminuza ya Chicago, yagaragaje ko icyizere cyo kubaho ku Bahinde gishobora kugabanyukaho imyaka icyenda kubera ubwiyongere bukabije bw’imyuka ihumanya ikirere.

Miliyoni zisaga 480 z’Abahinde batuye mu duce tugaragaramo ihumana rikabije ry’ikirere kubera kwangiza ibidukikije no kutabyitaho, inzobere zikaba zigaragaza ko bizakomeza gushyira mu kaga ubuzima bwa benshi.

Batanze urugero rw’aho ireme ry’umwuka mwiza ryasubiye inyuma cyane muri Leta ya Maharashtra iherereye mu Burengerazuba n’iya Madhya Pradesh iri mu gihugu rwagati.

## Ingamba
Mu mwaka wa 2019 u Buhinde bwatangije gahunda yiswe National Clean Air Program igamije kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ho hagati ya 20 na 30 % bitarenze 2024.

Iyo gahunda iramutse ishyizwe mu bikorwa, yakongerera Abahinde umwaka 1.7 kuyo basanzwe bafata nk’iy’icyizere cyo kubaho mu gihe abo mu Mujyi wa New Delhi bonyine uburambe bwabo bwakwiyongeraho imyaka 3.1.

Ikigo cy’Abasuwisi kigenzura ihumana ry’umwuka mu kirere, umwaka ushize cyatangaje ko New Delhi ari wo mujyi wa mbere ku isi ufite umwuka uhumanye. Ni umwanya uwo mujyi uriho mu gihe cy’imyaka itatu yikurikiranya.

## Reba
Abanyeshuri baturiye Pariki ya Nyungwe bari gutozwa kubungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima

Nyuma yo kubona ko mu myaka yashize hari abana batanjya ga kumashuri ahubwo bakanjyana   n’ababyeyi babo guhiga inyamaswa muri Pariki y’Igihugu ya Nyungwe, nkubu abanyeshuri bari mu biruhuko bari kwigishwa kubungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima no kwirinda ibikorwa by’ubuhigi n’ubushimusi.

Ni igikorwa cyateguwe n’Umuryango Biodiversity Conservation Organisation (BIOCOOR) wita ku rusobe rw’ibinyabuzima n’iterambere ry’abaturage, hagamijwe gutoza abakiri bato kwita ku rusobe rw’ibinyabuzima kugira ngo bakurane uwo muco.

## Intego
Umuyobozi Nshingwabikorwa wa BIOCOOR, Dr Ange Imanishimwe, yabwiye IGIHE ko iyo gahunda yatangiye muri 2018 hahugurwa bana bagera kuri 70 bari kumwe n’ababyeyi babo, muri 2019 harebwamo 16 barushije abandi bongera guhugurwa ngo barusheho gusobanukirwa byinshi ku rusobe rw’ibinyabuzima.

Ati “Icyo twemera muri BIOCOOR ni uko ahazaza h’igihugu n’ahazaza ha Afurika n’Isi ari uko tugomba gushora imbaraga nyinshi mu bakiri bato kugira ngo bazabashe guhangana n’ibibazo bizaza mu minsi iri imbere. Niyo mpamvu twiyemeje kujya duhugura abana bato bari mu mashuri kugira ngo bagere ku rwego rwo kumenya kubungabunga ibinyabuzima, cyane ko bamwe muri bo ababyeyi babo bahoze ari abahigi muri Nyungwe.”

Yavuze ko bifuza ko abo bana baba umusemburo w’impinduka, ibikorwa byo kwangiza Nyungwe bigacika burundu.

Dr Imanishimwe avuga ko bafite intego yo gutoza abana bato kugira ngo bakurane umuco wo kwita ku rusobe rw’ibinyabuzma ku buryo nibaba abayobozi mu nzego zifata ibyemezo bazabikomeza kurushaho.

## Reba
Inzitizi zigipfukirana umusanzu w’Umunyarwandakazi mu kubungabunga ibidukikije

U Rwanda ruri mu bihugu birajwe ishinga no guteza imbere ubukungu butonona ibidukikije. Nibura 50,9% by’abarutuye ni abagore ndetse bagira uruhare runini mu buhinzi bufatwa nk’urwego rwatanga umusanzu ukomeye mu kubungabunga ibidukikije.

Imibare y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamiobare mu 2018 yerekanye ko abagore 76% bakora mu buhinzi, mu gihe abagabo bari 54%.

Uretse kuba biganje mu rwego rw’ubuhinzi, magingo aya bari no mu nzego zigira uruhare mu ishyirwaho ry’ingamba n’ibyemezo byo kubungabunga ibidukikije.

Nk’urugero Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Kurengera Ibidukikije (REMA) na Minisiteri y’Ibidukikije biyobowe n’Abagore, hakaba n’indi miryango itandukanye bimeze bityo.

Birumvikana ko hari uruhare rukomeye bagira mu kubibungabunga binyuze mu ngamba n’amabwiriza ndetse n’iyubahirizwa ryabyo.

## Inzitizi zibazitira mugutanga unusanzu
Mugurirwa Odette, umuhinzi wo mu Karere ka Rulindo, mu kiganiro kigufi yagiranye na IGIHE yavuze ko yigeze kwishyira hamwe na bagenzi be bafite igitekerezo cyo gukora umushinga wo gukora uruhumbikiro rw’ibiti bivangwa n’imyaka ariko bakabura igishoro.

Ati “Twari abantu 28 dushaka gukora pepinyeri tubura amikoro yo kugura imbuto, amashashi no gukodesha umurima. Twashakaga iz’ibiti bivangwa n’imyaka n’imyaka nka avoka, imyembe n’amaronji.”

## Ingamba
Mugurirwa yemeje ko kubungabunga ibidukikije bimufasha no mu zindi gahunda zirimo kurwanya imirire mibi hirindwa igwingira, bwaki n’izindi ndwara zirishingiyeho. Ibyo ngo umugore ni we uri ku ruhembe rwo kubimenya akanabikora neza kuko ari we utegura amafunguro.

Kanyamugenge yemeje ko abagore ari bo bagira uruhare runini mu burezi bw’abana, bityo kuba baba bafite indangagaciro zo kubungabunga ibidukikije byakoroha kuzibiba no mu bakibyiruka bikazikurana.

Yagaragaje ko mu bunararibonye bafite basanze abagore bifitemo ubushobozi bwo kumva ibintu vuba no guhindura abandi, ku buryo icyo bamaze kumenya ko cyagira akamaro mu kubungabunga ibidukikije bagishishikariza bagenzi babo byihuse.

Mugurirwa yasabye abagore bagenzi be gutinyuka bakegera abandi, bakamenya amakuru, bagatanga ibitekerezo ndetse bakagaragaza inzitizi bafite kuko ari byo bizabafasha kugera ku ntego zabo zirimo kugaragaza umusanzu mu kubungabunga ibidukikije.

Iyangirika ry’ibidukikije ni kimwe mu bihangayikishije Isi mu gihe ihanganye n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe, iri guteza inkongi z’imiriro mu mashyamba atandukanye hirya no hino ahandi hakaba imyuzure n’imiyaga idasanzwe.

Iterambere rijyanye no kubirengera ni ryo ryimakajwe, aho inzego nyinshi zigomba gukoreshwamo ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo bigerweho. Ibyo ariko bigomba kujyana no kugenzura ko nta basigara inyuma mu igenwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ingamba na politiki bitandukanye.

## Reba
Isi iri kurushaho kugana mu kaga bitewe n’imyuka ihumanye yoherezwa mu kirere

Mu gihe nta gikozwe mu maguru mashya, raporo y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yagaragaje ko ubushyuhe bw’Isi bushobora kuzagera kuri dogere 2,7 Celsius, burenze kure ubwa 1,5 Celsius ibihugu by’Isi byiyemeje kutazarenza.

## Intego
Mu Nama mpuzamahanga ku ihindagurika ry’ikirere iherutse kubera mu Bufaransa mu 2015, ibihugu 191 byatanze intego zikubiyemo ingano y’imyuka yangiza ikirere byohereza mu kirere, ndetse byemeranya ko buri myaka itanu, ibi bihugu bizajya bitanga raporo ya gahunda yabyo yo kugabanya iyo myuka, kandi buri nshuro iyi raporo ikaza yerekana igabanuka ry’iyi myuka kurusha uko byari bimeze mbere.

## Ibyavuyemo
Icyakora raporo yakozwe na Loni yerekana ko ibihugu 113 ari byo bimaze kwerekana intego zabyo nyuma y’inama iheruka mu 2015, kandi ibirimo u Buhinde, u Bushinwa, Turikiya na Arabie Saoudite, bigira uruhare rungana na 33% ry’imyuka yose yoherezwa mu kirere, ntibiratanga ingamba zivuguruye.

Ku rundi ruhande, ibihugu birimo Mexique n’u Burusiya byatangaje ko ingano y’imyuka byohereza mu kirere iziyongera, mu gihe ibirimo Brazil byatangaje ko ingabo yabyo izaguma ku kigero yariho mu 2015.

Iyi raporo igaragaza ko nta gihindutse, ingano y’imyuka ihumanye yoherezwa mu kirere iziyongeraho 16% mu 2030, kandi ubundi yakagombye kugabanukaho 45% muri icyo gihe, ari nabyo bizatuma ubushyuhe bw’Isi bugera kuri dogere 2,7%, mu gihe bushobora kugera kuri 1,5% imyaka 10 mbere y’igihe cyateganyijwe.

## Reba
I Gicumbi hagiye guhingwa imigano igera ku bihumbi 100

Hari gutegurwa ubuhinzi bw’imigano izaterwa ku nkengero z’imigezi yo mu Karere ka Gicumbi ireshya na kilometero 250 muri Nzeri 2021, hagamijwe kurengera ibidukikije harimo n’ubwoko bw’imigano itunganywa ikaribwa.

Imyiteguro y’ubuhinzi bw’iyi migano yatangiriye ku kuyirerera mu ruhumbikiro rwo mu gishanga cya Mulindi kugeza igihe igeze ku kigero cyo guterwa. Kuri ubu hari gukorwa imirimo yo gucukura imyobo izaterwamo ku mikoki no ku migezi ya Rubaya na Yaramba hagamijwe kurwanya isuri no gufata ubutaka bwajyaga butwarwa n’iyi migezi mu gihe cy’imvura.

## Intego
Umuyobozi w’Umushinga Green Gicumbi w’Ikigega cy’Igihugu gishinzwe kurengera Ibidukikije, Fonerwa, Kagenza Jean Marie Vianney, yavuze ko mu gihe iyi migano izaba yeze izakorwamo ibikoresho bitandukanye bikenerwa kandi bazakomeza gukorana n’impuguke ngo imwe muri yo izajye itunganywa inaribwe.

Umushinga Green Gicumbi ukora ibikorwa bitandukanye harimo ibyo kurwanya isuri ukora amaterasi, kubakira imikoki, gutunganya ibishanga, ibiraro bifasha abahinzi, ubuhinzi bwihanganira imihindagurike y’ibihe, gutera no gusazura amashyamba, kugabanya ibicanwa ndetse no gukoresha ingufu neza.

Uyu mushinga kandi wubakira abatishoboye batuye mu manegeka, ugatanga amahugurwa ajyanye no guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe ndetse no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere.

Byitezwe ko mu gihe cy’imyaka itandatu uzamara, uzakoresha amafaranga y’u Rwanda akabakaba miliyari 32 yatanzwe n’Ikigega gitera inkunga imishinga yo guhangana n’Imihindagurikire y’Ibihe, Green Climate Fund, (GCF) ukazakorerwa mu mirenge icyenda yo mu Karere ka Gicumbi.

## Reba
Abagore basabwe kuba ku isonga mu kwita ku bidukikije

Abagore basabwe kugira uruhare rukomeye mu kubungabunga ibidukikije n’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, kuko ingaruka zo kutabyitaho aribo zibangamira cyane ugereranyije n’abandi.

Byatangajwe kuri uyu wa Kabiri mu nteko rusange y’Umuryango Nile Basin Discourse Forum (NBDF), ugamije kubungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima n’ibidukikije mu bihugu bikora ku  mugezi wa  Nil.

Abitabiriye iyo nteko rusange, bagaragaje ko icyorezo cya Covid-19 cyatumye bimwe mu bikorwa byo kubungabunga ibidukikije n’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima bihagarara, nyamara ari ingenzi cyane mu buzima bwa muntu. 
Crescence Mukantabana, umuyobozi mu muryango Reseau de Developpement des Femmes Pauvres, umwe mu igize NBDF, yavuze ko by’umwihariko, abagore badakwiriye guheranwa n’ibibazo byatewe na Covid-19, ngo birengagize uruhare rwabo mu kubungabinga ibidukikije.

Safari Emmanuel wari uhagarariye umuryango CLADHO, yavuze ko abantu badakwiriye kwitwaza Covid-19 ngo bakomeze gukora ibikorwa byangiza ibidukikije nko gufata nabi amazi cyangwa kuyakoresha nabi, gukoresha amashashi yangiza ibidukikije n’ibindi.

NBDF igizwe n’imiryango itandukanye itegamiye kuri Leta isanzwe ikora mu bijyanye n’ibidukikije ndetse no kubungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima.

## Reba
Ibiti muri kamonyi

## Intangiriro
Ubuyobozi bw’akarere ka Kamonyi buratangaza ko bwishimiye uko buhagaze muri gahunda yo kwesa imihigo muri uyu mwaka,kuko bwahize imihigo 68 ,muriyo 57 igeze ku kigero gishimishije mu gihe igera kuri 42 yamaze kugerwaho ijana ku ijana.

## ishyamba
Ku Cyumweru tariki ya 14 Werurwe 2021, Polisi y’u Rwanda ikorera mu Karere ka Kamonyi, Umurenge wa Nyamiyaga yafashe abagabo batandatu (6) batemaga ibiti bya Leta byatewe ku muhanda nta burenganzira babiherewe. Abo bagabo ubwo bafatwaga bari bafite imbaho zigera kuri 279 babaje mu biti bya Leta. abafashwe ni Niyibizi Jean Claude w’imyaka 34, Mbabarenkoriki Eric w’imyaka 32, Hategekimana Frederick w’imyaka 30, Bizimana Cyriaque w’imyaka 31, Sebahire Mathieu w’imyaka 34 na Mbonabucya Emmanuel w’imyaka 24. 

## Ibiti
Abaturage bo muri iriya Midugudu baduhaye amakuru ko hari abagabo basanzwe ari ababaji batema ibiti biteye ku muhanda by’iganjemo ibyo mu bwoko bwa Gereveriya bakabibazamo imbaho bakazigurisha. Natwe tukimara guhabwa amakuru kubera ko abaturage bagiye batubwira aho batuye n’aho babariza ibiti twaragiye duhita tubafata uko ari 6 maze tubasangana imbaho 279

## Amashakiro
Ku Biti Bitanu

## Amateka

Amateka y’abakuze agaragaza ko ’Ku Biti Bitanu’ mu Mudugudu wa Tunza, Akagali ka Buguri, Umurenge wa Rukoma mu Karere ka Kamonyi, ibiti bitanu bihaherereye byahatewe kuko Abakoloni babonaga ko hari izingiro ry’u Rwanda kugira ngo bizahabe nk’urwibutso, kugeza na n’ubu bikaba byarabaye inganzamarumbo bikibonwa gutyo. Bivugwa ko byasigaye mu byatewe n’Ababiligi aho basabaga abaturage kubirinda amajeri, icyo ijeri ririye bagakubitwa ibiboko umunani inshuro ebyiri; abakuze ndetse n’abakora ubucukumbuzi amateka y’ibi biti bemeza ko byatewe ahari izingiro ry’u Rwanda.

## Biti Bitanu
Biti Bitanu Ni muri metero nke uvuye ku Biro by’Akarere ka Kamonyi, hateganye neza n’ikigo cy’amashuri College APPEC. Ibicu byari bibuditse imvura ikubye igiye kwisuka, Ibiti by’inganzamarumbo bitanu biri byonyine munsi y’umuhanda. Iyo ubihagaze hagati ntibigukundira kureba mu bushorishori bwabyo kuko n’amashami yakuze cyane. Abantu bamuhaye ikaze ni bo babanje kumuhamiriza ko kuri ibi biti ari ho hari izingiro ry’u Rwanda.

## Amashakiro
Arth Charter Initiative

**Earth Charter Initiative** ni izina rusange ryurusobe rwisi rwabantu, amashyirahamwe, ninzego zigira uruhare mugutezimbere isi, no gushyira mubikorwa amahame yayo mubikorwa. Iyi Initiative ni imbaraga zagutse, ku bushake, sosiyete sivile, ariko abayitabiriye barimo inzego mpuzamahanga zikomeye, ibigo bya leta by’igihugu, amashyirahamwe ya kaminuza, imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta, imigi, amatsinda y’amadini, n’abayobozi benshi bazwi mu iterambere rirambye . 

## Inshingano n'intego
Inshingano zavuzwe na Earth Charter Initiative ni uguteza imbere inzira y’ubuzima burambye ndetse n’umuryango w’isi yose ushingiye ku mahame mbwirizamuco asanzwe arimo kubaha no kwita ku muryango w’ubuzima, ubusugire bw’ibidukikije, uburenganzira bwa muntu ku isi, kubahiriza ubudasa, ubutabera mu bukungu, demokarasi, n'umuco w'amahoro .

### References
Ibiti mu ruhango

## Intangiriro
gahunda yo gutera ibiti byera imbuto ziribwa kugira ngo barusheho kurwanya imirire mibi, no kwizigamira amafaranga bazihaha ku masoko.

## Imiganda
abaturage guhana imiganda hakurikijwe ubumenyi bafite uko bagiye baturanye, niba ari umufundi akaba yafasha abaturage kubakira abaturanyi babo, niba ari umuganga akaba yafasha kurwanya imirire mibi no kubungabuga ubuzima, yaba ari umunyamategeko akaba yagira uruhare mu gufasha abaturage kuyasobanukirwa.

## Avoka

Avuga ko ubundi gahunda ya Leta iteganya ko buri rugo rugira ibiti bitatu byera imbuto ziribwa, kandi ko abatarabitera bagomba kubikora kugira ngo bagire uruhare mu kurwanya imirire mibi mu bana. Avuga ko ubundi gahunda ya Leta iteganya ko buri rugo rugira ibiti bitatu byera imbuto ziribwa, kandi ko abatarabitera bagomba kubikora kugira ngo bagire uruhare mu kurwanya imirire mibi mu bana.

## imirwanyasuri

kandi ko imirwanyasuri baciriwe izabafasha guhangana n’isuri yavaga mu musozi wa Gisanga, kuko hari n’inzu y’umuturage iherutse gusenywa n’imivu y’amazi ava kuri uwo musozi kandi abaturage bagiraga impungenge zo kuwutura munsi utarwanyijeho isuri.

## Amashakiro
Ahantu hakumiwe

## Intangiriro
Hakurikijwe Ubwumvikane ku Rwunge rw’Ibinyabuzima (Convention sur la Diversité Biologique), ahantu hakumiwe hasobanurwa nk’agace k’ubutaka, ibidukikije byerekeranye n’amazi cyangwa ingezi hafite imipaka ngenderwaho ishingiye ku miterere yaho, hashyiriweho ku buryo bw’umwihariko kurinda no kubungabunga urwunge rw’ibinyabuzima n’umutungo waho kamere n’uwerekeranye n’umuco; bityo aho hantu uko hateye hagomba kwerekanwa mu buryo bw’amategeko, gutunganywa no gucungwa neza hakoreshejwe uburyo bukwiriye, ubushingiye ku mategeko n’ubundi.

## Ahantu hakumiwe
U Rwanda rufite amoko ane y’ahantu harinzwe harimo za :

* pariki z’igihugu (Akagera, Nyungwe na Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga); 
* amashyamba akumiwe (Gishwati, Ikirwa cya Iwawa n’amashyamba arinzwe ya Mukura); 
* Amashyamba afite agaciro ndangamuco (ishyamba rya Buhanga); 
* n’ibishanga bifite agaciro ku isi (agatsiko k’ibishanga bya Rugezi-Bulera-Ruhondo). Kuri ayo mashyamba afite ubuzima gatozi bushingiye ku mategeko agennga uturere turinzwe, hiyongeraho andi mashyamba afite agaciro gashingiye ku muco (ishyamba rya Busaga mu Karere ka Muhanga) n’ahandi hantu h’amashyamba cyimeza asa n’aho arinzwe n’itegeko.

## Amashakiro
Dawe uri mwijuru

## Intangiriro

Aha ni ku birometero bibiri gusa ukiva mu isantere  ya Mugonero mu karere ka Nyamasheke, hakaba  ku muhanda Rusizi-Karongi ukimara neza neza kurenga akarere ka  Nyamasheke  utangiye kwinjira mu Karere ka Karongi.

## amakorosi
Ukigera aha uhita usanganirwa n’amakorosi ateye ubwoba harimo niri ryiswe kuri “Dawe uri mu ijuru”, ikorosi ryitiriwe isengesho rikoreshwa na benshi mu madini atandukanye ku Isi.

## Uko byaje
Iyo twajyaga kugera aha hantu twabanzaga gusenga ngo tuharenge ku buryo bamwe mu banyabwoba  babanzaga kuva mu modoka  kugira ngo badahirima ndetse abasigaragamo babaga bahiye ubwoba basenga ngo dawe uri mu ijuru , dawe uri mu ijuru, twasubiraga inyuma inshuro ebyiri maze iya gatatu akaba aribwo tuhakata, kandi icyo gihe busi zari nkeya hakoraga iza Onatracom gusa, abantu babaga bahagaze abandi bicaye. Iryo sengesho ryazanwe niryo korosi ubundi ntabwo iryo zina ryagombaga kuza ni uko babaga basenga ngo baharenge amahoro kandi iyo basengaga babaga bagaruka kuri Dawe uri mu ijuru.

## Umuhanda
Abanyuraga muri uyu muhanda nta kabuza batekerezaga ko bashobora kuhasiga ubuzima mu gihe hatabaye impuhwe z’Imana. Kugeza ubu haratunganyijwe  umuhanda ugurwa ndetse banashyiramo kaburimbo.Uyu muhanda yari umuhanda w’itaka iyo umushoferi yarangaraga gato yibukaga yageze mu manga, Abantu iyo bageraga aha hantu  baravugaga bati wa Mana we umfashe ndenge aha hantu.Gusa aha hantu ntabwo hacyitwa kuri Dawe uri mu ijuru kukoigihamya cy’ impinduka ku miterere yaha hantu cyatumye iri zina rivaho ubu hahawe izina ryigisubizo ryitwa “Muri Yesu ashimwe.

## Amashakiro
Earthwatch Institute

**Earthwatch Institute** ni umuryango mpuzamahanga wita ku bidukikije.   Yashinzwe nka Educational Expeditions International mu 1971 na Bob Citron na Clarence Truesdale,  Earthwatch ishyigikira Ph.D. abashakashatsi ku rwego mpuzamahanga, bakora amasaha arenga 100.000 yubushakashatsi buri mwaka. Ukoresheje uburyo bwa siyansi y’ubumenyi bw’abaturage, ubutumwa bwa Earthwatch ni "guhuza abantu ku isi hose mu bushakashatsi n’ubumenyi mu bumenyi hagamijwe guteza imbere imyumvire n’ibikorwa bikenewe kugira ngo ibidukikije birambye."  Nkibyo, ni umwe mubanditsi banditse kwisi yose yubushakashatsi bwubumenyi mubucukumbuzi, paleontologiya, ubuzima bwo mu nyanja, ibinyabuzima bitandukanye, urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ndetse n’ibinyabuzima .  Mu myaka irenga mirongo ine, Earthwatch yakusanyije inkunga yo gushaka abantu, abanyeshuri, abarimu, ndetse na bagenzi babo  kugira uruhare mu bushakashatsi bukomeye bwo mu rwego rwo kumva igisubizo cy’ibidukikije mu kwihutisha impinduka ku isi. 

Imishinga yubumenyi bwabaturage bwisi isubirwamo, Ph.D. yayoboye ubushakashatsi mu bumenyi bwa siyansi  butanga abaturage ba buri munsi amahirwe yo kujya mu matsinda y’ubushakashatsi ku isi gukusanya amakuru y’imirima nko kubungabunga inyamaswa zo mu gasozi, ibidukikije by’amashyamba, ubumenyi bw’inyanja  na archeologiya. 

## Imiterere n'amateka
Icyicaro gikuru cy’isi kiri i Boston (Massachusetts), ndetse no ku biro muri Oxford (Ubwongereza), Melbourne (Ositaraliya), Tokiyo (Ubuyapani), na Hong Kong (Ubushinwa).

Earthwatch yashinzwe nka Educational Expeditions International mu 1971 hafi ya Boston (Amerika) na Bob Citron na Clarence Truesdale, icyo gihe wari umuyobozi w'ishuri rusange rya Vermont.  Mu 1972, Brian A. Rosborough yinjiye muri Educational Expeditions International nk'umukorerabushake nyuma y'amezi atandatu aba perezida wa Earthwatch

### References
Imbuto mu ruhango

## gahunda ya leta
gahunda ya Leta iteganya ko buri rugo rugira ibiti bitatu byera imbuto ziribwa, kandi ko abatarabitera bagomba kubikora kugira ngo bagire uruhare mu kurwanya imirire mibi mu bana. Gahunda irho ni uko ya leta yu Rwanda ifasha, ni uko buri rugo rugira nibura ibiti bitatu, rero mu karere ka Ruhango byaratangiye.

## Imbuto
ibikorwa byo gutera ibiti by’imbuto ziribwa byakozwe ku muganda, byagakwiye kuba byakoreshejwe amafaranga, ariko imbaraga z’abaturage zibumbiye hamwe na zo zikaba zagize akamaro, ibiti byinshi kandi bitandukanye by'imbuto nkaho bamaze gutera ibiti 500 bya avoka, umuyobozi  abwira abaturage ko bakomeza gutera ibiti by’imbuto, nibura buri rugo rukaba rwagira ibiti bitatu.

## imirwanyasuri
muganda wo kurwanya isuri kuko baciriwe imirwanyasuri, agasaba ko bagenda bayisibura kugira ngo ifashe kurinda ko ubutaka bwabo butwarwa, cyangwa hakabaho impanuka zatwara n’ubuzima bw’abantu.

## Gufashanya
Mu akarere ka Ruhango  abaturage basabwa guhana ubufasha aribyo miganda hakurikijwe ubumenyi bafite uko bagiye baturanye, niba ari umufundi akaba yafasha abaturage kubakira abaturanyi babo, niba ari umuganga akaba yafasha kurwanya imirire mibi no kubungabuga ubuzima, yaba ari umunyamategeko akaba yagira uruhare mu gufasha abaturage kuyasobanukirwa.

## Amashakiro
Amahumbezi i nyanza

## Intangiriro
Abantu banyuze mu ishuri bazi neza ko kwigira ahantu hari amahumbezi bitanga umutuzo, bigatuma umunyeshuri arushaho kwiga neza ndetse agafata byoroshye, Bitewe n’imiterere y’igihugu hari abatagira amahirwe yo kwigira ahari amahumbezi cyangwa hatuje, cyane abiga mu bice by’imijyi. Bamwe mu bagize amahirwe yo kwigira ahantu heza nk’aha ni abiga muri Kaminuza y’Abalayiki b’Abadivantisiti b’Umunsi wa Karindwi, UNILAK, Ishami rya Nyanza.

## UNILAK I Nyanza
Iyo winjiye muri Kaminuza ya UNILAK Ishami rya Nyanza wumva ubuzima buhindutse kuko uba utangiye guhumeka umwuka mwiza uturuka mu biti n’ubusitani buhari. Iyi kaminuza iherereye mu Murenge wa Busasamana mu Kagari ka Kibinja ifite umwihariko udasanzwe wo kuba icumbikira abanyeshuri kandi ikabagaburira ku giciro cyiza. Hari ibyumba by’amacumbi 58 biri mu bwoko butandukanye haba ibyo abanyeshuri babana ari bane cyangwa ku bifuza kwibana nabo hari ayo bagenewe. Aba banyeshuri bacumbikirwa kandi bagenerwa amafunguro haba irya mu gitondo, saa Sita na nimugoroba, ategurwa n’abatetsi babigize umwuga. Nyuma yo gufata amafunguro kandi abanyeshuri bagira ibikorwa bitandukanye by’imidagaduro bahuriramo, birimo imikino itandukanye dore ko bafite ibibuga bigezweho byayo.

## Ibidukikije
Nyanza ni umujyi mwiza kandi w’amateka, benshi bahageze ntibifuza gutaha, ababihamwa ni abahaba buri munsi. Kaminuza ya UNILAK Ishami rya Nyanza rifite ishami ry'ibidukikije bituma hasa neza hari umwuka mwiza n'ikirere kiza gitoshye, bafite  Gahunda ya Bio-gas ibafasha, Hari imirima ihingwamo ibyo kurya bigaburirwa abanyeshuri,  bafite Inka zitanga umukamo abanyeshuri bakanywa amata, 

## Amashakiro
Environmental Defense Fund unzwi nka EDF

Environmental Defense Fund unzwi nka EDF ni itsinda riharanira inyungu z’ibidukikije riharanira inyungu z’Amerika. Iri tsinda rizwiho ibikorwa by’ibibazo birimo ubushyuhe bw’isi, gusana urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, inyanja, n’ubuzima bw’abantu, kandi rukunganira gukoresha ubumenyi bwuzuye, ubukungu n’amategeko kugira ngo bibone ibisubizo by’ibidukikije bikora. Ntabwo ibogamye, kandi akazi kayo kenshi gashigikira ibisubizo bishingiye kumasoko kubibazo byibidukikije.

Icyicaro cy’iryo tsinda kiri mu mujyi wa New York, gifite ibiro muri Amerika hose, hamwe n’abahanga n’inzobere mu bya politiki bakorera ku isi hose. Ibiro by'akarere ka Amerika birimo Austin, Texas ; Boston ; Boulder, Kolorado ; Los Angeles ; Raleigh, Carolina y'Amajyaruguru ; San Francisco ; na Washington, DC Itsinda rifite iterambere mpuzamahanga, rifite ibiro i Londres, Bruxelles, Mumbai na Beijing.

## Ibice by'akazi

* **Ubufatanye rusange** - EDF yakira amamiriyoni yinkunga ituruka mumiryango ifitanye isano ikomeye n’ibigo, nka Walton Family Foundation. 
* **Ubukungu bushingiye ku bidukikije** - Umuryango uteza imbere ikoreshwa ry’amasoko n’ubushake bwo gufasha gukemura ibibazo by’ibidukikije.  Ingero z'ubu buryo ku kazi zirimo gufata imigabane cap-na-ubucuruzi byanditswe mu itegeko ry’ikirere cyiza (Amerika) .            

### References
Ishyamba rya Kibilizi

## Intangiriro
Ishyamba kimeza riherereye mu Murenge wa Kibirizi mu Karere ka Nyanza, ryatangiye kongerwamo ibiti kugira ngo rikomezanye ubwiza ryahoranye ku Ngoma y’Umwami Rudahigwa Charles Léon Pierre mu mwaka wa 1931-1959.

## ibinyabuzima

Abaturiye ishyamba rya cyimeza rya Kubirizi bavuga ko ryabagamo inyamaswa z’amoko atandukanye ndetse n’inyoni z’ubwoko bwinshi. Abaturage bahamya ko kubera urwo rusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byatumye Umwami Rudahigwa Charles Léon Pierre ashyiramo abahigi, kugira ngo umuhigo bazana utunge abantu bari bashonje abo yitaga ingarisi. Bakavuga ko ibiti, inyamaswa n’ibindi byari birigizi, byigabijwe n’abaturage barabyangiza ahari ishyamba hasigara ibyatsi .

## Ibindi
Usibye Ishyamba kimeza rya Kibirizi, umushinga wo gusubiranya urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima mu bice by’amayaga (Green Amayaga Project) wahaye abaturage ingemwe z’ibiti batera mu Ishyamba kimeza riherereye mu Murenge wa Muyira, ayo mashyamba abiri akaba afite ubuso bwa hegitari zirenga 300.

## Amashakiro
Isuku muri Ruhango

## ubwiherero

Urubyiruko rwo mu Karere ka Ruhango ruvuga ko biteye isoni kuba hakiri ingo zidafite ubwiherero n’izindi zifite ubutujuje ibisabwa, bityo biyemeje gukemura icyo kibazo kikarangira burundu.

## umuhigo
akomeje avuga ko uyu mwaka watangiye habarurwa ingo 120 zidafite ubwiherero ariko bwagiye bwubakwa kandi bihaye umuhigo wo kuburangiza muri uku kwezi kwahariwe ibikorwa by’ubukorerabushake by’urubyiruko. Hari ingo zigera kuri 72 basanze zifite ubwiherero butujuje ibisabwa, nazo bazazifasha kubusana.

## Ibiti
Bazatera ibiti bivangwa n’imyaka ku buso bwa hegitali 90, bace imirwanyasuri basibura n’iyari isanzwe mu rwego rwo kurwanya isuri ndetse bakore n’ubukanguramabaga mu kwirinda ibiza. Bamwe mu rubyiruko rwo mu Karere ka Ruhango bavuze ko biyemeje gukorera hamwe bagamije 

kwiyubakira igihugu.  “Icyo twiyemeje ni uguhuza imbaraga tukiyubakira igihugu. Muri uku kwezi rero dufite umurava wo gukora ibikorwa byinshi. Turasaba ababyeyi n’abayobozi kudushyigikira.” Abazakorerwa ibikorwa bitandukanye basabwe kubifata neza kugira ngo bizagire uruhare mu guhindura imibereho yabo irusheho kuba myiza.

## Ibindi
Mu bindi yavuze bazakora ni ukubakira abatishoboye badafite aho akuba aho muri uku kwezi bazubaka inzu icyenda bakazuzuza. Ni ukuvuga inzu imwe muri buri murenge. Uyu mwaka watangiye mu Karere ka Ruhango hari imiryango 85 idafite aho kuba.
Earth Day

**Earth Day** ni igikorwa ngarukamwaka ku ya 22 Mata kigaragaza inkunga yo kurengera ibidukikije . Bwa mbere bwakozwe ku ya 22 Mata 1970, ubu burimo ibintu byinshi byahujwe ku isi na EarthDay.org (yahoze ari umuyoboro w’umunsi ku isi)  harimo abantu miliyari 1 mu bihugu birenga 193.   Insanganyamatsiko yemewe yo muri 2022 nishoramari mumubumbe wacu.****

Mu 1969, mu nama ya UNESCO yabereye i San Francisco, uharanira amahoro John McConnell yasabye umunsi wo kubahiriza Isi n’igitekerezo cy’amahoro, uzizihizwa bwa mbere ku ya 21 Werurwe 1970, umunsi wa mbere w’impeshyi mu majyaruguru y’isi. Uyu munsi ibikoresho by’ibidukikije byaje kwemezwa mu itangazo ryanditswe na McConnell kandi ryashyizweho umukono n’umunyamabanga mukuru U Thant mu Muryango w’abibumbye. Ukwezi kumwe, Senateri w’Amerika Gaylord Nelson yatanze igitekerezo cyo gukora inyigisho z’ibidukikije mu gihugu hose ku ya 22 Mata 1970. Yahaye akazi umurwanashyaka ukiri muto, Denis Hayes, kugira ngo abe Umuhuzabikorwa w’igihugu. Nelson na Hayes bahinduye ibirori "Umunsi w'isi". Denis n'abakozi be bakuze ibirori birenze igitekerezo cyambere cyo kwigisha-gushyiramo Amerika yose. Abantu barenga miliyoni 20 basutse mumihanda, kandi umunsi wambere wisi ukomeje kuba imyigaragambyo nini yumunsi umwe mumateka yabantu. Abafatanyabikorwa b'ingenzi badashingiye ku bidukikije bagize uruhare runini. Ku buyobozi bw'umuyobozi w'umurimo Walter Reuther, nk'urugero, United Auto Workers (UAW) niyo yagize uruhare runini hanze y’imari n’ibikorwa by’umunsi wa mbere w’isi.    Nk’uko Hayes abivuga, "Hatabayeho UAW, Umunsi wa mbere w'isi ushobora kuba waragenze!"  Nyuma Nelson yahawe igihembo cy'umudari wa Perezida wa Repubulika mu rwego rwo gushimira umurimo we. 

### References
Fauna & Flora International ( FFI )

**Fauna & Flora International** (**FFI**) n’umuryango mpuzamahanga wita ku kubungabunga ibidukikije n’umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta uharanira kurengera inyamaswa n’inyamaswa zibangamiwe n’isi. Yashinzwe mu 1903, ni umuryango mpuzamahanga ushaje cyane wo kubungabunga ibidukikije. Ikirangantego cyumuryango ni oryx yabarabu, nyuma ya Operation Oryx igenda neza, umushinga wo korora iminyago no kongera kubyara byakozwe na societe.

Umuryango washinzwe nka **Sosiyete ishinzwe kubungabunga inyamaswa zo mu gasozi zo mu Bwami**, washyizeho bimwe mu bigega by’imikino ya mbere na gahunda yo korora imbohe mu kinyejana cya 20. Kuva FFI imaze kunyura mu mazina menshi no kwegera impinduka, FFI uyumunsi irahuza gahunda zo kubungabunga ibidukikije mu bihugu bigera kuri 40, ikora binyuze mubufatanye bwaho kandi yibanda cyane ku kongerera ubushobozi, uburyo bushingiye ku baturage no kubungabunga inyanja kuruta uko byabanje. Ikinyamakuru cy’ubumenyi cyasuzumwe n’urungano, ubu kizwi ku izina rya *Oryx*, cyasohoye inyandiko z’ubumenyi bwo kubungabunga ibidukikije kuva mu 1904.

## Ibikorwa bigezweho
Usibye icyicaro gikuru ku nyubako ya David Attenborough i Cambridge, FFI ihuza gahunda zo kubungabunga ibidukikije mu bihugu byo muri Karayibe, Amerika yo Hagati, Afurika, Aziya na Aziya-Pasifika.

Ikinyamakuru cya siyansi cy’umuryango - *[[:en:Oryx_(journal)|Oryx - Ikinyamakuru mpuzamahanga cyo kubungabunga]]* - cyasohowe mu izina ryacyo n’itangazamakuru rya kaminuza ya Cambridge .  Kuva mu mwaka wa 2008, FFI yasohoye kandi *ikinyamakuru cyo muri Kamboje cy’amateka Kamere*,  ikinyamakuru cya mbere cyasuzumwe n’urungano muri Kamboje, ku bufatanye na kaminuza ya cyami ya Phnom Penh .

### References
Fondation Pacifique

**Fondation Pacifique** ni umuryango udaharanira inyungu ushingiye ku Busuwisi ufite intego yo kugira uruhare rushya mu kubungabunga inyanja . Imishinga ya fondasiyo ivugwa hafi yibendera ryayo: ubwato butwara ubwato "Fleur de Passion" buzenguruka isi bugenzura uturere tw’ingenzi kandi twugarijwe n’inyanja nkuko byagaragajwe n’umushinga WWF wa Global 200 .

Kugira ngo isohoze inshingano zayo, fondasiyo ikomeza ihuriro ry’ubufatanye bw’imiryango iyoboye ubumenyi, kubungabunga ibidukikije, ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku bidukikije ndetse n’itangazamakuru.  Uyu muryango ukora nk'ikintu gishyigikira kandi gishimangira, ntabwo gikusanya ubumenyi n'ubumenyi gusa ahubwo binatanga umusanzu wacyo mu butumwa bwihariye bwa buri wese mu bafatanyabikorwa bacyo no kugeza ibibazo ku kubungabunga ibidukikije ku baturage muri rusange.

## Intego

Inshingano ya Fondation Pacifique´ yo kugira uruhare rushya mukurinda inyanja ikorwa hibandwa ku ntego eshatu zingenzi:

# **Ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi:** Kugira uruhare mu gusobanukirwa neza na siyansi ku bidukikije byo mu nyanja, cyane cyane mu guha abahanga ubumenyi mu bwato bw’urugendo rw’umuryango "Fleur de Passion"
# **Itumanaho & Uburezi:** Gukangurira abaturage no kwita kubitangazamakuru kubibazo byo kubungabunga inyanja hifashishijwe ibikoresho byitumanaho bigezweho
# **Uruhare:** Guha abanyamuryango ba Fondasiyo nabandi bantu amahirwe yo kwishora mumishinga nkabakorerabushake b’ibidukikije

### References
Ubusitani bwa Nyanza

## Intangiriro

ubusitani bwatangiye gukorwa mu mwaka wa 2019 bukaba bugizwe n’ibice 15 bifite aho bihuriye n’amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, yaba ayo mu gihe cya Jenoside cyangwa nyuma yayo.busitani bwo ku rwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyanza ya Kicukiro bwashyizweho ibuye ry’ifatizo na Madamu wa Perezida wa Repubulika Jeannette Kagame mu mwaka wa 2000.

## Ibice bigize ubu busitani
Buri gice gifite ibisobanuro mu rugendo rwo kwibuka, aho ibiti, indabo, inzira z’amazi hamwe n’imyobo bisobanura ibice bitandukanye byagiye byicirwamo cyangwa bikajugunywamo inzirakarengane.

* Muri ubu busitani harimo igice kigizwe n’**ibuye** **rinini** ryashyizwe ku bwinjiriro mu rwego rwo kwibutsa inkomoko y’ubusitani mu 2000. Ni cyo kimenyetso cyonyine cyihariye kiranga ubusitani n’umwimerere wabwo.
* Hari n’ahari **ubusitani bwumye**, bugizwe n’**amabuye**, hakazashyirwamo amabuye agera kuri miliyoni asobanuye umubare w’Abatutsi bishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, hamwe n’ibiti bikura mu butayu bisobanura bato batari gito bahagurutse bagahagarika Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
* Harimo kandi **amazi arimo urufunzo** nk’ikimenyetso cyibutsa Abatutsi bajugunywe mu mazi hirya no hino mu gihugu, imirambo yabo ikaba itazigera iboneka ngo ishyingurwe mu cyubahiro, naho urufunzo ni ikimenyetso cya hamwe mu hantu Abatutsi bahigwaga bihishe bagashobora kurokoka.
* Harimo kandi **imisozi nk’ikimenyetso cy’imisozi** igihumbi y’u Rwanda ariko kandi yagize uruhare runini mu gihe cya Jenoside, kuko ni hamwe mu hantu abahigwaga babashije kwihisha bakarokoka nko mu Bisesero n’ahandi.
* Hari ahagenewe kujya **urumuri rw’icyizere** nk’ikimenyetso cyo kudaheranwa n’agahinda kuko icyizere cy’ubuzima gihari.
* Muri uru rwibutso harimo **igice cy’ishyamba ry’urwibutso** kirimo ibiti bitandukanye birimo umunyinya, umuvumu hamwe n’umuko, ahagomba guterwa ibiti bigera ku ijana bifite igisobanuro cy’iminsi 100 y’icuraburindi rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

## Ibindi
Hari kandi umwobo ufunguye werekana ibihumbi n’ibihumbi by’abantu b’inzirakarengane bajungunywemo bagakurwamo bamwe ari bazima abandi bapfuye. Muri ubu buzitani kandi hari inzira ifite ibisobanuro by’uko hariho inzira yo gusohoka udasubiye inyuma ndetse n’umugambi wateguwe mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

## Amashakiro
Foundation for Environmental Education (FEE)

**Foundation for Environmental Education** (**FEE**) ni umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta, udaharanira inyungu uteza imbere iterambere rirambye binyuze mu burezi bushingiye ku bidukikije. FEE ikora binyuze muri gahunda eshanu; Ibendera ry'ubururu, Eco-Amashuri, Abanyamakuru bato kubidukikije (YRE), Kwiga Amashyamba (LEAF) na Green Key International . Ifite abanyamuryango mu bihugu 77 ku isi.

## Amashyirahamwe y'abanyamuryango
FEE ni umuryango mpuzamahanga w’umuryango hamwe n’umuryango umwe w’abanyamuryango b’igihugu kuri buri gihugu uhagarariye FEE kurwego rwigihugu kandi ushinzwe gushyira mubikorwa gahunda za FEE mugihugu. FEE ifite amashyirahamwe y'abanyamuryango mu bihugu 77 kwisi.

## Ikigega cy’amashyamba ku isi
Numuryango uteza imbere iterambere rirambye, FEE yashyizeho ikigega cy’amashyamba ku isi kugira ngo ikureho imyuka ihumanya ikirere CO  ituruka mu ngendo. Iki kigega kidaharanira inyungu gishora 90% byinjiza mu buryo butaziguye mu gutera ibiti n’izindi mbaraga z’indishyi CO  zahujwe n’ibikorwa byo kwigisha ibidukikije.

### References
IGIHEMBWE CYO GUTERA IBITI

## Intangiriro

Tariki ya 23 Ukwakira 2020, mu Karere ka Nyanza, Umurenge wa Muyira, utuari twa Nyundo na Nyamure hatangirijwe ku rwego rw’Igihugu igihembwe cyo gutera amashyamba 2020/2021 ndetse no kwizihiza ku nshuro ya 45 umunsi mpuzamahanga wo gutera amashyamba ku nsanganyamatsiko igira iti: “*[[Amashyamba yabaturage|Amashyamba]] ni Umusingi w’imibereho myiza y’abaturage n’iterambere rirambye*”. Hatangijwe kandi umushinga ugamije gutera amashyamba no gusubiranya urudobe rw’ibinyabuzima mu Mayaga. 

## Minisiteri y’Ibidukikije
Uyu munsi hakaba hatewe ibiti 81,000 kuri buso bungana na ha 81. Muri uyu mushinga mu Karere ka Nyanza hakazaterwa amashyamba kuri ha 77, ibiti ku nkengero z'umuhanda kuri km 64 ndetse n'ibiti bivangwa n'imyaka kuri ha 1,256 n'ibiti by'imbuto 15,671. Abaturage barenge ibihumbi 150 bakazabona akazi muri uyu mushinga mu gihe cy’imyaka 5.ijambo ry’umushyitsi mukuru, Minisitiri w’Ibidukikije yashishikarije abanyarwanda kongera imbaraga mu gutera, gukorera no kurinda amashyamba. Nibura uyu mwaka buri rugo rukazatera ibiti bitatu mu mbuga yarwo n'aharukikije.

## Amashakiro
Ikigo k’Igihugu gishinzwe Amashyamba

## Intangiriro

Ikigo cy’amashyamba mu Rwanda cyashyizweho na guverinoma y’u Rwanda n’itegeko No72 / 2019 ryo ku wa 29/01/2020 rifite intego yo guharanira iterambere ry’umutungo w’amashyamba, imicungire yaryo no kurengera hagamijwe iterambere rirambye.

## Minisiteri y’ibidukikije

Minisiteri y’ibidukikije yashyizweho kugira ngo irengere kandi ibungabunge ibidukikije kandi ikoreshe neza kandi mu buryo bunoze umutungo w’amazi, ubutaka n’amashyamba hagamijwe iterambere rirambye ry’igihugu.

## Inshingano
Nkuko biteganijwe mu Iteka rya Minisitiri w’intebe Nº 108/03 ryo ku wa 15/10/2020 Kugena ubutumwa, inshingano imiterere y’inzego, imishahara n’inyungu zituruka ku bakozi ba Minisiteri y’ibidukikije, MoE ifite inshingano zikurikira:

## Amashakiro
Bamwe Mubagaragayeho kwangiza Ibiti muri Gatsibo

### Inzego z'Umutekano mugufata Abatema ibiti muri Gatsibo

Hari hashize iminsi abaturage batanga amakuru ko hari abantu batema ibiti mu ishyamba rya Leta riherereye mu mudugudu wa Bujumo. tariki ya 30 Ukuboza 2022,inzego zumutekano zafashe abagabo babiri bakurikiranyweho gutema ibiti mu ishyamba rya Leta bakabitwikamo amakara yo kugurisha.Umuyobozi yashimiye abatanze amakuru yatumye abangizaga ishyamba rya Leta bafatwa, asaba abaturage gukomeza gutanga amakuru ku bangiza amashyamba n’ibindi bikorwaremezo.Yihanangirije abigabiza amashyamba ya Leta bayatemamo ibiti, anabibutsa ko bihanwa n’amategeko.

## Amategeko Ibihano Agena kubangiza Amashyamba

Itegeko N°48/2018 ryo ku ya 13/08/2018, mu ngingo yaryo ya 44 ivuga ko hagamijwe kurengera ibinyabuzima, ibikorwa bikurikira birabujijwe: gutwika amashyamba, pariki z’Igihugu n’ibyanya; gutwika ibishanga, inzuri, ibihuru, ibyatsi hagamijwe ubuhinzi cyangwa gutunganya inzuri z’amatungo ndetse n’ibindi bikorwa ibyo aribyo byose byangiza ibidukikije birabujijwe.Ingingo ya 59 y’iri tegeko ivuga ko umuntu wese utuma ibimera bikomye bipfa, ubisenya, ubisarura cyangwa ubyangiza, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko, ahanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka itatu (3) ariko kitarenze imyaka itanu (5) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi ya miliyoni imwe (1.000.000 FRW) ariko atarenze miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000FRW).

## Amashakiro
Igihunyira

***Ibihunyira ni inyoni zishishikaje byoroshye kwitonda no kumenya amatsiko y’inyoni. Ibi bintu bishobora kugufasha kumenya gato amayobera yazo no kuguhishurira icyo inyoni y’igihunyira aricyo.***

## Imiterere
Ibihunyira byinshi bifite imitwe minini, imibiri yuzuye amababa yoroshye, umurizo mugufi, hamwe n’amano adasubirwaho ashobora kwerekana imbere cyangwa inyuma. Amaso y’ighunyira areba imbere, nkuko abantu babibona. Amoko menshi y’ibihunyira akora n’ijoro, ntabwo ari ku manywa, ku isi hari amoko agera kuri 250 y’ibihunyira.

## Ibintu 9 bishimijishe kubyerekeye igihunyira
1.Ubwoko bwinshi bw’ibihunyira bufite amatwi adasanzwe. Aherereye ahantu hatandukanye ku mutwe w’igihunyira, amatwi yabyo arashobora kwerekana aho amajwi ari mu rwego rwinshi. Kugira ngo kibashe kwitegure, intego cyangwa se imyigaragambyo.

2.Amaso y’igihunyira ntabwo ari “ijisho ry’amaso.” Amaso yabyo ameze nk’atanyeganyega rwose, atanga icyerekezo cy’indebakure (Pair of binoculars)yibanda cyane kubyo bihiga kandi bizamura imyumvire yimbitse.

3.Ibihunyira bishobora kwizunguruka ku ijosi dogere 270. Sisitemu yo guhuza amaraso ikusanya amaraso kugira ngo yongere ubwonko n’amaso mu gihe kugenda ku ijosi bigabanya umuvuduko.

4.Itsinda ry’ibihunyira ryitwa inteko. Ibi bikomoka ku bisobanuro bya C.S. Lewis bisobanura inama y’ibihunyira mu Ngoma ya Narnia.

5.Ibihunyira bihiga izindi nyoni. Ibikona binini by’amahembe nibyo bya mbere by’inyamanswa ntoya. Igihunyira kigereranya kurinda, umunezero, kubana amahoro, iyerekwa n’ubushishozi, n’ubumenyi bwinshi..

6.Igihunyira gito cyane ku isi ni (elf owl ) udusimba duto cyane turya udukoko, dufite uburebure bwa santimetero 5 – 6 kandi dupima hafi 1 ½. Igihunyira kinini kinini cyo muri Amerika y’Amajyaruguru, mu bigaragara, ni igicucu kinini (Great Gray Owl), gifite uburebure bwa santimetero 32.

7.Amajyaruguru ya (Hawk Owl) igihunyira cya buri munsi (Surnia ulula) cy’amashyamba yo mu majyaruguru gisa nkaho ari inyoni igaragara, ifite umurizo muremure uzengurutse kandi amababa magufi. girashobora gutahura-cyane cyane kubireba-aharambitse icyo kurya nko muri kilometero imwe.

8.Amajyaruguru Saw-whet Owls girashobora gukora urugendo rurerure hejuru y’amazi manini. Gishobora gukora ibirometero 70 uvuye ku nkombe hafi ya Montauk, New York.

9.Ibihunyira ni (zygodactyls), bivuze ko ibirenge byayo bifite amano abiri areba imbere n’amano abiri areba inyuma. Bitandukanye n’izindi nyoni nyinshi za zygodactyl, ariko, ibihunyira bishobora gusunikira rimwe mu mano y’inyuma kugira ngo bibafashe gufata no kugenda.

## Ibindi

Bityo rero igihunyira gishobora gukora ibirometero 200 mu isaha imwe, kandi ibihunyira byagize umuco w’abantu hamwe n’insigamigani mu myaka ibihumbi n’ibihumbi, bifatwa nk’ibintu byose uhereye kubwiza bw’amahirwe meza kugeza ku badayimoni bapfa. Ibyo gushimisha bishobora guturuka kuri anatomiya yabyo idasanzwe, ituma bigaragara mu bindi binyabuzima. Ibihunyira biguruka n’ijoro, hafi bucece, kandi bishobora kuguma byihishe bitewe n’impamvu idasanzwe.

## Reba
Imbuto i kayonza

## Intangiriro

Abahinzi b’imbuto mu cyanya cyuhirwa mu Murenge wa Murama na Kabarondo, Akarere ka Kayonza n’Umurenge wa Remera mu Karere ka Ngoma, bafashe neza ibiti by’imbuto bahembwe ibikoresho birimo ipombo zitera umuti, roswari (Arrosoir) yo kuhira n’igikoresho cyifashishwa mu gukata ibisambo.

## ipombo yo gutera umuti
ipombo yo gutera umuti ni igikorwa cyabaye ku wa Kane tariki ya 19 Mutarama 2022, kikaba cyari kiyobowe n’Umuyobozi wa RAB wungirije ushinzwe Ubuhinzi, Dr Bucagu Charles n’Umuyobozi w’Umushinga KIIWP ufasha mu bikorwa byo kuhira no kubona ingemwe z’ibiti, Ku ikubitiro hakaba hahembwe abahinzi 24 mu gihe abagomba guhembwa bose ari 124.

## Imbuto
Ubuso buhinzeho imbuto bungana na hegitari 1,369 mu Mirenge ya Murama, Kabarondo na Remera, izi mbuto zikaba zuhirwa hifashishijwe amatiyo azamura amazi mu kiyaga gihangano cya Gishanda n’andi mahema afata amazi. Bucagu akaba yasabye abahinzi gukomeza gufata neza ibiti by’imbuto kuko ari isoko y’ubukungu bafite mu minsi iri imbere ntimuratangira gusarura   ni bwo muzabona ko mutaruhiye ubusa. Imbuto zizabaha amafaranga menshi kandi n’abana banyu bazatangira kugira  imirire myiza.

## Amashakiro