open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ingoro Ndangamurage y'Amateka y'Urugamba rwo guhagarika Genocide

**Ingoro ndamurage y' amateka y'urugamba rwo guhagarika jenocide yakorewe abatutsi muri 1994;** ni imwe mu ngoro ndangamurage umunani ziyobowe n’ishuri ry’umurage ndangamuco ry’u Rwanda (RCHA). Yubatswe mu nyubako y’Inteko ishinga amategeko y’u Rwanda (CND) (yahoze yitwa *Conseil National de Development* ) ikaba yarafunguwe mu 2017 na Paul Kagame hagamijwe kwerekana amateka y’u Rwanda mu gihe cy'ubukangurambaga bwokurwanya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi . 

## Amavu n'amavuko
Inyubako y'inteko ishinga amategeko yatoranijwe nk'ahantu hazabera iyi ngoro ndangamurage kuko yari irimo abasirikare 600 bo mu Rwanda, kuva mu Kuboza 1993 kugeza 1994 mu gihe biteguraga gushyiraho guverinoma y'inzibacyuho yagutse n’Inteko ishinga amategeko y'inzibacyuho.  Paul Kagame, Umuyobozi wa RPA w’Ubuyobozi Bukuru, nyuma, mu gihe cya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda, yategetse ko abo basirikare bava mu buroko bwabo kugira ngo bakize Abatutsi ibihumbi bishwe. 

Inzu ndangamurage y'urugamba rwo guhagarika jenoside yo mu nteko ishinga amategeko  yafunguwe ku ya 4 Nyakanga 2014. 

## Intego nyamukuru
Intego nyamukuru y’Ubukangurambaga bwo Kurwanya Jenoside ni uburyo yateguwe kandi ikanashyirwa mu bikorwa n’ingabo z’igihugu cy'uRwanda hatitawe ku kuvana ingabo z’umuryango w’abibumbye mu Rwanda mu gihe cya jenoside. Inzu ndangamurage yerekana kandi uburyo abasirikare magana 600 ba RPA barokoye abahohotewe. Imwe mu nzibutso zizwi cyane ni imbunda ya mashini yakoreshejwe n’ingabo za RPA ziba mu nyubako y’inteko ishinga amategeko mu kugabanya ingufu za jenoside.  

## Ibindi wamenya
Ingoro ndamurage y' amateka y'urugamba rwo guhagarika jenocide yakorewe abatutsi muri 1994; irimo ibije bitandukanye bisobanura byimbitse ibice by' amasezerano yasinywe yo guhuza za guverinoma, inama zabaye , n'uragamba rwo guhagarika jenocide.

Bimwe biri munyandiko , mu mashusho na amajwi .

## Reba


## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Official website

Coordinates: 1°57′09″S 30°05′56″E﻿ / ﻿1.9526°S 30.0989°E﻿ / -1.9526; 30.0989
Christophe Bazivamo

**Christophe Bazivamo** ni Minisitiri w’ubutaka, Ibidukikije, Amashyamba, Amazi, na Mine mu Rwanda . Mu 2003 na 2004 yabaye Minisitiri w’ubutegetsi bw’ibanze, iterambere ry’abaturage n’imibereho myiza y'abatutrage. Mu 2005 yabaye Minisitiri w’umutekano mu gihugu. Mu 2000, 2001 na 2002 yabaye umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa wa komisiyo y'igihugu ishinzwe amatora. Ni umwe mu bagize urugaga rw’igihugu bakunda igihugu, kandi kuva mu 2002 yabaye visi-perezida w’ishyaka.

Bazivamo ubu ni umwe mu bagize inteko ishinga amategeko y’umuryango w’iburasirazuba bwa Afurika.

## Reba

* Urubuga rwa leta yu Rwanda rufite urutonde rwabaminisitiri
* Ingingo isubiramo Bazivamo mu 2004
* Itangazo rigenewe abanyamakuru rivuga Bazivamo nk'umuyobozi ushinzwe amatora na visi perezida w’ishyaka
Ivuka rya Koruneliyo

**Ivuka rya Koruneliyo** ni umuzingo w'indirimbo watunganirijwe muri studio mu 2007 utunganywa na Corneille. Ni umuzingo w'indirimbo uri mu rurimi rw'icyongereza ukaba utandukanye n'umuzingo wa mbere wa Corneille wari uri mu rurimi rw'igifaransa . Uyu muzingo w'indirimbo wesheje agahigo ko kuba warageze ku mwanya wa # 23 ku rutonde rw'imizingo y'indirimbo z’igifaransa igumaho igihe kingana n'ibyumweru 14.   Uyu muzingo w'indirimbo wakiriwe muri rusange n'urusobe rw'abakunzi be bayishimye ndetse n'abayinenze.

## Urutonde rw'indirimbo (2007)
Umuzingo w'indirimbo w'umwimerere wasohowe na Wagram Music ndetse usohoka uriho indirimbo zikurikira

# "Back to Life" (4:32)
# "Love is Good" (3:24)
# "Too Much of everything" (3:43)
# "I Never Loved You" (3:53)
# "Murder" (4:04)
# "Spending on You" (3:58)
# "Sweet Dependency" (4:36)
# "Home is By You" (5:41)
# "I'll Never Call You Home Again" (3:47)
# "A Man of This World" (4:26)
# "The One" (4:30)
# "Heaven" (5:15)

## Urutonde rw'indirimbo (2009)
Mu mwaka wa 2009, Universal Music yasohoye umuzingo w'indirimbo ufite izina rimwe nk'iryambere, wari urimo ibikoresho bishya no gukuraho indirimbo zimwe na zimwe zabonekaga ku mwimerere wasohowe na Wagram.

# "Back to Life" (4:34)
# "All of My Love" (3:03)
# "Liberation" (3:35)
# "A Man of This World" (4:32)
# "Murder" (4:09)
# "Foolish Heart" (5:27)
# "Too Much of everything" (3:48)
# "Home Is By You" (5:43)
# "I'll Never call You Home Again" (3:48)
# "Sweet Dependency" (4:38)
# "Heaven" (5:13)

## Reba
Daniel Ogwoka Manduku

**Daniel Ogwoka Manduku** ni umucuruzi watsinze ukomoka mu gace ka Nyaribari Masaba mu Ntara ya Kisii. Yavutse ku ya 5 Gashyantare 1971; kuri ubu afite imyaka 51. Yabaye umuyobozi mumiryango itandukanye yo muri Kenya. Imwe mu nshingano aheruka gukora ni Umuyobozi, Ikigo cya Kenya gishinzwe ibyambu (KPA). Abantu benshi basa nkaho bitiranya Hezron Manduku na Daniel Manduku; icyakora, byombi ntaho bihuriye. 

## Umuryango
Daniel Manduku ni umugabo wa sezeranye n'umugore afite abana batatu. Nta makuru cg amafoto yose arahari kugirango yemeze ibi. Ariko dushobora kuvuga ibya murumuna we: Maraga Yusuf. Murumuna wa Danil Manduku, Yusuf Maraga, yari mu bantu benshi kubera gutunga umutungo Daniel Manduku yari yarabonye miliyoni 85 z'amashiringi. Yaje kumenyekana nyuma yo gutsindira icyicaro cya Depite Nyaribari Masaba mu matora rusange ya 2022. Icyakora, yari yaranagize uruhare runini nk'umuyobozi mukuru mu kigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ubwubatsi (NCA) ndetse na MD mu kigo cy’icyambu cya Kenya (KPA).

## Reba aha
Inanga

## Inanga
Inanga ni igikoresho cya muziki cya kera na kare, cyo mu bwoko bw'ibinyamirya kiba kigizwe n'imigozi gikozwe mu rubaho, ni kimwe mubyahanganywe n'u Rwanda. Nkuko yabaga mu buvanganzo nyenvugo bwo muri rubanda, ninako n' I bwami bayikeneraga mu bitaramo byaberaga I bwami. inanga igira imirya irenga yitwa " Imiyuki" n'inkinaha yitwa "imihumurizo" cyangwa se ibihumurizo. 

umurya w'inanga ni kimwe mu byifashishwaga kwizihiza mu bitaramo bya kera, bigakesha ijoro, na nubu kandi uracyakoreshwa. inanga n'igikoresho kitajya kiva ku gihe aho mu bitaramo ndanga muco ariyo iba ku ruhembe mu kuranga u Rwanda.https://mobile.igihe.com/umuco/article/ibikoresho-gakondo-bya-muzika-byabicaga-bigacika-mu-rwanda-rwo-hambere 

## Abacuranzi b'inanga mu Rwanda

* Nzayisenga Sophie  
* Joseph bagirinshuti
* Thomas kirusu https://web.archive.org/web/20220920170359/https://www.mukerarugendo.rw/2022/01/02/abacuranzi-binanga-bamamaye-mu-mateka-ya-muzika-gakondo/ 

## Amashakiro
Ibidukikije (sisitemu)

Muri bumenyi n'ubuhanga, sisitemu ni igice cy'isanzure kirimo kwigwa, mu gihe **ibidukikije** ari byo bisigaye biri hanze yimbibi za sisitemu. Bizwi kandi **nk'[[ibidukikije]]** cyangwa **abaturanyi**, no muri thermodinamike, **nk'ikigega** . Ukurikije ubwoko bwa sisitemu, ishobora gukorana n'ibidukikije mu guhana ingufu (harimo ubushyuhe n'imikorere ), umuvuduko w'umurongo, umuvuduko winguni, amashanyarazi, cyangwa nibindi bintu byabitswe . Mubice bimwe, nkibisobanuro by'amakuru, amakuru ashobora no guhanahana amakuru. Ibidukikije birirengagizwa mu gusesengura sisitemu, usibye kubijyanye n’imikoranire.

## Reba kandi

* Sisitemu ya bioenergetike - sisitemu yingufu
* Ubumenyi bwa sisitemu yisi
* Ibidukikije (biophysical)
* Sisitemu yo gucunga ibidukikije
* Sisitemu ya Thermodynamic

## amashakiro yo hanze

* Uburinganire bwa sisitemu yo gutwara abantu.hofstra.edu
* Sisitemu yo gucunga ibidukikije epa.gov
* Sisitemu Yibidukikije Yisi eesc.columbia.edu
* Uburezi bushingiye ku bidukikije
Guhangana n'ihindagurika ry'ikirere

Guhangana n'ihindagurika ry'ikirere ni ibikorwa bikorwa kugirango hirindwe ingaruka mbi z'ihindagurika ry'ikirere ibi bikorwa byibanda ahanini mu gushyiraho ingamba nshya no kuvugurura izisanzwe kugirango abantu bitegure ibibazo bishobora kuzaterwa n'ihindagurika ry'ikirere bagendeye ku byo bari kubona ako kanya.  

## ibikorwa bikorwa
Ihindadurika ry'ikirere  ni kimwe mu makuba yugarije isi n'ibinyabuzima biyituye.

Mu guhangana n'ihindagurika ry'ikirere hakorwamo ibikorwa byinshi byibanda ahanini ku kubungabunga ibidukikije no kurengera ibinyabuzima.

Uko imyuka ihumanya ikirere igenda yiyongera niko hagenda hafatwa ingamba zo guhangana n'ibyo biganisha ku kuba hateganywa ko mu mwaka w'2050 ikigero cy'imyuka ihumanya ikirere izaganuka kugera ishize mu kirere.  ibi byose bikaba bikorwa bifatanywa no n'izindi ngamba zirimo:

* Gukoresha imbaraga zitutuka kuzuba
* kubungabunga amashyamba
* kugabanya imyuka mibi yoherezwa mu kirere
* kongerera abantu ubumenyi

## Amashakiro
Ububiko bwibiryo byubuzima

Ububiko bw'ibiryo by'ubuzima nubwoko Bwi bicuruzwa bigurisha cyane cyane Ibiryo by'ubuzima, ibiryo byacu, n'umusarurowaho, kandi akenshi byongera intungamubiri. Ububiko bwibiryo byubuzima busanzwe butanga ibiryo byagutse cyangwa byihariye kuruta ibiryo bisanzwe byibiribwa kubakiriya babo, urugero abantu bafite ibyo bakeneye byimirire idasanzwe, nkabantu bafite Areriji ya gurutene mu ngano cyangwa mubindi bintu, ndetse nabantu babireba , bikomoka kmu bimera 

## Ibiryo byubuzima
Ijambo Ibiryo by'intungamubiri ryakoreshejwe kuva mu 1920 ryerekeza ku biribwa byihariye bivugwa ko bifitiye akamaro kanini kubuzima  nubwo iryo jambo ridafite ibisobanuro byemewe. Amagambo amwe ajyanye nibiryo byubuzima ni Mikirobe, ibiryo karemano, ibiryo kama nibyo byose,. MIkorobe ni indyo , yibanda cyane cyane ku ibinyampeke byose, Ibinyampeke byose, hamwe nibindi *biribwa byose*, ni ibiryo bitunganijwe byoroheje. Ibinyampeke byose bifite fibre, mikorobe na hull bidahwitse kandi bifatwa nkintungamubiri. Ibiribwa bisanzwe ni ibiryo gusa bitarimo ibintu byubaka. Ibiribwa kama nibiryo bihingwa bidakoreshejwe imiti yica udukoko twangiza kandi bigomba kuba byujuje uuziranenge

## Intungamubiri
Amaduka menshi yubuzima bwiza kandi agurisha inyongera musaruro nka Vitamini, inyongeramusaruro hamwe nubuvuzi bwa homopatike Ibyongeweho ibyatsi ntabwo byigeze bigengwa kugeza igihe amabwiriza y'ibihugu by'iburayi yerekanye ibiribwa gakongdo avamo imiti byatangiye gukurikizwa ku ya 30 Mata 2004. Amabwiriza gakondo y’ibicuruzwa bivura imiti, 2004/24 / EC, yashizweho kugirango atange uburyo bwo kwemeza imiti y’ibimera mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU).

## Amateka

Ibiribwa byinshi ubu bisanzwe mubiribwa byinjiye ku isoko mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 no mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20. Imbaraga zakozwe nabapayiniya bambere mubuzima nka FA Sawall, PAUL BLAG,  SYLVESTER GRAHAM George, Ellen White nabandi bashishikarije ibiryo byubuzima. Nko mu myaka ya za 1920 na 1930 ububiko bwibiribwa byubuzima bwatangiye kugurisha bicuruzwa.  

Frank A. Sawall, yatangiye kugurisha ibinyobwa byifu byinzu ku nzu no gutanga ibiganiro hirya no hino muri Amerika ku nyungu ziyongera kuri vitamine n’amabuye y'agaciro, mbere yo gufungura Sawall Ibiryo biboneye , mu 1936.  Yatangiriye kumyunyu ngugu na vitamine kandi igurisha ibiryo karemano nibinyabuzima. Frank A. Sawall, umuhanga mu binyabuzima, yavuzwe ko ari "Umwarimu w’ubuzima w’indashyikirwa muri Amerika akaba n’inzobere mu bijyanye n’imirire mu gihugu" mu binyamakuru byo muri Amerika. Ibiribwa byubuzima bya Sawall nububiko bwa kera bwibiribwa byubuzima bwumuryango muri Amerika, hamwe nigisekuru cya gatanu cya Sawall gikora mubucuruzi giherereye i Kalamazoo, muri leta ya Michigan.     Amaduka yubuzima bwubuzima muri Amerika yamenyekanye muri za 1960. 

Ububiko bumwe bwibiryo byubuzima bwa mbere bwashinzwe na Thomas Martindale mu 1869 nka "Thomas Martindale kampani" mumujyi wa peteroli, Pennsylvania. Mu 1875, Thomas Martindale yimuye iduka i Philadelphia. 

*

## Reba

*  
*
Uko Leta y'u Rwanda yahanganye n'ibiza biterwa na Sebeya

Sebeya ni umugezi unyura mu mirenge ya mirenge ya Kanama, Rugerero na Nyundo yo mu Karere ka Rubavu, ni umugezi wamenyekanye cyane kubera gutera ibiza cyane cyane mu gihe cy'imvura muri aka karere ka Rubavu. 

## Ingamba zafashwe mu guhangana n'ikibazo
Nyuma yo kubona ko abaturage batuye muri aka karere bugarijwe n'ikibazo cy'ibiza bituruka ku uyu mugezi, Leta y'u Rwanda mu bufatanye n'abafatanyabikorwa 

batangije umushinga wo kubungabunga icyogogo cya Sebeya, aho kurebera ikibazo kuri Sebeya gusa,hakozwe ibikorwa byo kurwanya isuri aho itutuka hose.

uyu mushinga ushyirwa mu bikorwa n’Ikigo gishinzwe Umutungo Kamere w’Amazi mu Rwanda (RWB) ku bufatanye n’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga uharanira  kubungabunga Ibidukikije (IUCN), Ikigo gishinzwe Iterambere cy'abaholandi (SNV) n’Umuryango Nyarwanda Uharanira Iterambere ry’Icyaro (RWARRI) mu bufatanye na Ambasade y’Abaholandi mu gihugu cy'u Rwanda.

hakozwe amaterasi ku misozi yamenaga amazi muri sebeya, haterwa ibiti bivangwa n’imyaka, hatangwa ibigega bifata amazi ku baturage baturiye umugezi.

Ibi  byaje kugabanya umuvuduko w’amazi ya Sebeya ku buryo bugaragara anafata ubutaka kandi yongera umusaruro.

## Amashakiro
Gutakaza urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima

GUTAKAZA URUSOBE RW'IBINYABUZIMA birimo kuzimangana ku isi mumoko atandukanye, kimwe no kugabanuka kwaho cyangwa gutakaza amoko yahantu  runaka, bikaviramo gutakaza ibinyabuzima bitandukanye. Ikintu cya nyuma gishobora kuba igihe gito cyangwa gihoraho, bitewe n’uko kwangirika kw'ibidukikije biganisha ku gihombo..https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/67/12/1026/4605229?login=false https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2020.615419/fullhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/brv.12816

Nubwo gutakaza amoko ahoraho Kw'isi ari ibintu bitangaje kandi biteye agahinda kuruta impinduka z’akarere mu miterere y’ibinyabuzima, ndetse n’impinduka ntoya ziva mu mibereho ihamye ishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku biribwa kuko bigabanuka kw'ubwoko bumwe gusa bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi. urunigi rwose ( coextinction ), biganisha ku kugabanuka muri rusange kw'ibinyabuzima, ibishoboka ubundi buryo butajegajega bwibidukikije nubwo bwose.’ibinyabuzima byumwihariko biganisha kuri serivisi y’ibidukikije kandi amaherezo bigatera akaga gakomeye ku kwihaza mu biribwa, ariko kandi birashobora kugira ingaruka zirambye z’ubuzima rusange ku bantu. https://www.unep.org/resources/making-peace-nature

Ibinyabuzima bitandukanye bisobanurwa nkubuzima butandukanye ku isi , imiterere yabyo, hamwe nubusabane bwubuzima. Ariko, guhera mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 20 gutakaza urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima biterwa n'imyitwarire ya muntu byateje ingaruka zikomeye kandi zirambye. Abahanga mu bya siyansi bemeza ko ubwiyongere bwagabanutse mu bantu ndetse no kunywa birenze urugero ari byo bintu by'ibanze muri uku kugabanuka.   batwara ibinyabuzima bitandukanye harimo guhindura aho batuye, umwanda, no gukoresha  umutungo cyane. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/957629/Dasgupta_Review_-_Headline_Messages.pdf

### Guhindura imikoreshereze yubutaka

Ingero z'impinduka mu mikoreshereze yubutaka zirimo gutema amashyamba, n'ubworozi, mwimerere, hamwe n’imijyi. https://wires.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wcc.271 

Ubwiyongere bw'imijyi bwagabanije cyane urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima iyo ahantu hanini hatuwe hatuwe, biganisha  ku https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4643828/ guhitamo amoko ajyanye n'ibidukikije. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6253383/ Uduce duto two guturamo ntidushobora gushyigikira urwego rumwe rwimiterere yimisoro cyangwa tagisi nkuko byahoze mbere mugihe bimwe mubinyabuzima byoroshye bishobora kuzimangana. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4643828/ ubwoko bwinshi bwabaturage buragabanuka kubera kugabanuka kwagace k’ahantu hatuwe, ibi bitera ubwiyongere bw’amoko kandi bigahatira amoko kugana ku nkombe kandi bigahuza no kurusha ahandi.  Gutandukanya abantu (gutura) bikunda gutera inzitizi zo gutandukana zibuza amoko kugenda n’ibidukikije byiza kuko ihindagurika ry’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ele.13691 Nubwo ingaruka mbi zo gucikamo ibice zizwi cyane,  bigira ingaruka ku binyabuzima, ndetse birashobora guhinduka no gushimangira umubano w’ibinyabuzima.
Minisiteri y’ibidukikije, Amashyamba n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe ( MoEFCC )

**Minisiteri y’ibidukikije, Amashyamba n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe** ( **MoEFCC** ) ni minisiteri ya guverinoma y'Ubuhinde . Iyi minisiteri iyobowe numunyamabanga Rank umuyobozi mukuru wa IAS. Minisiteri ishinzwe minisiteri ifitwe na Bhupender Yadav, Minisitiri w’ibidukikije, amashyamba n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe

Minisiteri ishinzwe gutegura, guteza imbere, guhuza, no kugenzura ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda z’ibidukikije n’amashyamba mu gihugu. Ibikorwa by'ingenzi byakozwe na minisiteri birimo kubungabunga no gukora ubushakashatsi ku bimera byo mu Buhinde n'ibinyabuzima byo mu Buhinde, amashyamba n'utundi turere two mu butayu ; gukumira no kurwanya umwanda ; Ibidukikije bya Himalaya n’iterambere ryacyo rirambye; gutera amashyamba, no kugabanya ubutaka . Ishinzwe imiyoborere ya parike yigihugu yu Buhinde 1947.

Minisiteri y’ibidukikije, Amashyamba n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe n’ubuyobozi bugenzura abakozi ba serivisi ishinzwe amashyamba mu Buhinde (IFS), imwe muri serivisi eshatu zose z’Ubuhinde .

## Ubuyobozi
Ubuyobozi bw’amashyamba bushingiye ku gutandukanya leta mu bice by’amashyamba bigizwe n’amashyamba. Amashyamba Beats munsi ya Ranges nigice gito cyubuyobozi bukuru. Ibintu karemano kumurima bigize imbibi za buri gukubita bifite impuzandengo ya kilometero kare 

## Ibikorwa
Muri Kanama 2019 Minisiteri y’ibidukikije yashyize ahagaragara **Umushinga wa Politiki [[Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i Burayi|yo Kuringaniza Umutungo]] w’igihugu** . Ni umurongo ngenderwaho uteganya ejo hazaza hamwe no kuzamuka kwubukungu burambye kandi buringaniye. Politiki iyobowe nihame ryo kugabanya ikoreshwa ryibanze ryibanze; kurema agaciro keza hamwe nibikoresho bike binyuze mumikoreshereze yuburyo buzenguruka; kugabanya imyanda; umutekano wibintu no guhanga amahirwe yakazi hamwe nubucuruzi bwubucuruzi bugira akamaro ko kurengera ibidukikije no kugarura. Ryari rishingiye kuri raporo ya NITI Aayog n’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi byiswe, *Ingamba zo gukoresha neza umutungo* . Politiki irashaka gushyiraho **Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe gukoresha neza umutungo** hamwe nitsinda ry’ibanze ryibanze muri Minisiteri. Irateganya kandi gutanga inyungu z’imisoro ku bikoresho bitunganyirizwa hamwe n’inguzanyo zoroheje zo gushyiraho imyanda n’ibikoresho byo kugarura ibikoresho.  

Referances
Ibitaro bya Byumba

*Ibitaro bya Byumba biherereye mu karere ka Gicumbi*

## Ibyo wamenya

Mu mwaka 2012 ibi bitaro byahombye agera kuri miliyoni 19,4. Mu mwaka 2013 ibitaro bya Byumba byahombye agera kuri miliyoni umunani naho mu mwaka 2014 bihomba nanone miliyoni umunani. K*ubera abarwayi bamara kuvurwa bakira bagatoroka ibitaro batishyuye.* Abaganga bavuga ko badashobora kwanga kwakira umurwayi ngo ni uko aje nta mafaranga yitwaje. Umurwayi ugejejwe ku bitaro akeneye ubuvuzi yitabwaho maze kwishyuza bikaza nyuma ariko ubuzima bw’umuntu ngo bwabanje kurengerwa.

## Ibindi wamenya

Mu myaka ishize humvikanye inkuru y'umukecuru w’imyaka 85 y’amavuko wavugaga y’uko kuva yasama inda mu mwaka 1978 atarabyara,yavugaga y’uko iyo nda yayitwise kera mu myaka 30 ishize barayizinga.Akaba atuye mu cyaro cyo mu murenge wa Rutunga mu kagari ka Indatemwa mu karere ka Gasabo mu mujyi wa Kigali.Tariki ya 10 Ukwakira 2017 nibwo uyu mukecuru yerekeje ku Kigonderabuzima cya Rwesero kiri hakurya ya Muhazi mu murenge wa Rwamiko muri Gicumbi.

## Amashakiro
Amasazi

mu Rwanda ubworozi bw'amasazi bumaze gutera imbere cyane mu karere ka Bugesera aho uwitwa Musabyimana 

Jean Baptiste yatangiye ubushakashatsi bwo korora amasazi nyuma yuko abuze ibigaburira inkoko yoroye kuko 

ibizitunga birimo soya byari bimaze kuba ibyibura.

## Ubworozi bw'amasazi
ubushakashatsi bumaze kugaragaza ko Amasazi 'umukara yakororwa akavamo ibiryo by'amatungo Musabyimana

ku ikubitiro yatangiye korora amasazi y'umukara mu karere ka bugesera mu murenge wa Mayange aho ageze

kumusozo wigerageza ry'ubworozi bwe. uyu mushinga yawutangiye muri 2022 agirango akemure ikibazo

kibura ry'ibiryo byamatungo bihenze biturutse ku ibura rya soya

### Ubushakashatsi
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere ry’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi, RAB (Rwanda agriculture Board) bwagaragaje ko isazi z’umukara zasimbura soya yashyirwaga mu biribwa by’amatungo, nk’uko byavuzwe n’Umuyobozi mukuru wungirije ushinzwe ibijyanye n’ubworozi muri iki kigo,

Dr Uwituze Solange. yagize ati ubushakashasi bwakozwe bwagaragaje ko amasazi y'umukara ashobora gusimbura soya neza kukigero

kiri hagati yya 25% na 50% ibyo kandi akaba ari inkuru nziza kuborozi mu Rwanda hose ndese na Afurika.

#### Agashya kumasazi y'umukara
Byatangiye dushaka amasazi y’umukara bari batweretse uko ameze, dushaka aho aterera dufata amagi yayo, amagi niyo twazanye tuyashyira ahantu turayaturaga avamo amagi aturaze agahinduka ibintu bimeze nk’iminyorogoto ukayagaburira agakura

hanyuma iyo amaze iminsi 14 baremo afite igikuriro cyiza agashyirwa mu Cage..asinzira iminsi itandatu (6) agahinduka isazi ziguruka

iyo agurutse rero ikigabo n'ikigore birahura bigatuma habaho gutera amagi ku isazi 'ingore.

#### Akamaro k'amasazi y'umukara
ubushakashatsi buvuga ko ifu ivangwa nibiryo by'amatungo ikorwa muri 80% by'amasazi yumukara aba yakuze maze asigaye agasubizwa

muri cage murwego rwo gukomeza icyororo.

kuva kuminsi irindwi (7) kugeza kuminsi icumi ( 10) isazi itera amagi ari hagati a 700  ni 1000 bivuzengo byibuze haboneka ikiro kimwe

cy'amasazi kumunsi.

##### Reba
2C:Romeo Awakanu Mulbah

**Romeo Awakanu Mulbah** (Yavutse ku wa 16 Gicurasi 1987), azwi ku izina rya **2C**, ni umuririmbyi akaba n'umwanditsi w'indirimbo.  Ubu akaba ari umunyaliberiya uherereye muri Amerika.   Yasinyanye amasezerano na OuttaSpace Entertainment mu 2017 maze afatanya na Akon gufata amajwi ya "Mr Mechanic".   2C yatsindiye ibihembo byinshi, harimo icy'Umuhanzi w'umwaka wa 2010 muri Liberia Entertainment Awards.

## Ubuzima bwo hambere
Romeo Awakanu Mulbah yavutse ku ya 16 Gicurasi 1987, avukira mu mujyi wa Bong Town, muri Liberiya. Igihe yari afite imyaka 5, umuryango we warahunze biturutse ku ntambara ya mbere yo muri Liberiya . Batura by'igihe gito muri Kote Divuwari mbere yo kwimukira muri Amerika. 

## Umwuga wa muzika
2C gushishikarira umuziki kwe no kuwukora byatangiye akiri muto. Yatsinze amarushanwa menshi yo kubyina igihe yabaga muri Kote Divuwari, ndetse yagaragaye mu bitaramo bitandukanye bya muzika igihe yabaga muri Atlanta. Mu 2007, 2C yifatanyije na producer w’umuziki Jason "Pit" Pittman mu gufata amashusho yambere yise "Liberia Girl". Muri 2009, yagiye muri Ohio gukora igitaramo cyari cyitabiriwe n'umuyobozi wa BET Pat Charles. 2C yatsindiye kwerekana kandi yitabira amarushanwa ya BET's Wild Out yo aba kuwa gatatu. Kabone nubwo atatsinze iri rushanwa, kwiyerekana kwe kuri stage byamuhaye amahirwe yo kwiyerekana kandi bimwemerera gukora ibitaramo muri Amerika yose no muri Kanada. Muri 2014, 2C yakoranye n'itsinda ry'abahanzi babiri bo muri Gana bitwa Ruff na Smooth bafata amajwi y'indirimbo yitwa "I Wanna Be". Yasinyanye amasezerano na Outtaspace Entertainment mu 2017 maze asaba Akon kwandika "Mr Mechanic". 2C yagiye mu ruzinduko rwo kwamamaza  aho yakoze ibitaramo muri Liberiya, Gana na Senegali; yaririmbye mu isabukuru ya Radiyo King FM. 

## Guhabwa no gushyirwa mu bahabwa ibihembo

## Reba
Uburobyi butemewe, budatangazwa kandi butemewe

UBUROBYI BUTATANGAZWA KANDI BUTAGENGWA  ni ikibazo ku isi. Indorerezi z'ubwikorezi zemeza ko IUU iboneka mu burobyi bwinshi, kandi bingana na 30% by’amafi yose y’uburobyi bukomeye. 

UBUROBYI BUTEMEWE bubaho mugihe amato cyangwa abasaruzi bakora binyuranyije n amategeko y'uburobyi. Ibi birashobora gukoreshwa muburobyi buri munsi yububasha bwa leta yinyanja cyangwa uburobyi bwo mu nyanja ngari bugengwa nimiryango ishinzwe uburobyi mukarere (RFMO). Ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku ku biribwa n'ubuhinzi(FAO), ishami ry’uburobyi n’ubuhinzi bw’amafi, rivuga ko uburobyi butemewe bwateje igihombo kingana na miliyari 23 z'amadolari ya Amerika ku mwaka.https://web.archive.org/web/20080411060604/http://www.panda.org/about_wwf/what_we_do/marine/problems/problems_fishing/illegal_fishing/index.cfm

UBUROBYI BUDASHIZWE AHAGARAGARA ni uburobyi butigeze butangazwa cyangwa ngo butangwe nabi ku nzego z’igihugu zibishinzwe cyangwa RFMO, binyuranyije n’amategeko n'amabwiriza akurikizwa.

UBUROBYI BUTAGENGWA muri rusange bivuga uburobyi nubwato butagira ubwenegihugu, ubwato buguruka ibendera ryigihugu kitari muri RFMO igenga ako gace k’uburobyi cyangwa amoko yo mu nyanja ndende, cyangwa gusarura ahantu hadateganijwe.

Abashoferi bari inyuma y’uburobyi butemewe, butamenyeshejwe kandi butagengwa (IUU) basa n’abari inyuma y’ubundi bwoko bwinshi bw’ibyaha mpuzamahanga By'ibidukikije : abarobyi ba pirate bafite ubukungu bukomeye - amoko menshi y’amafi, cyane cyane ayakoreshejwe cyane bityo akaba arimo itangwa rito, rifite agaciro gakomeye k'amafaranga.https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/topic/international-affairs

## Ingaruka mu bukungu no ku bidukikije
Ingaruka imwe mu bukungu y’uburobyi butemewe, butatangajwe kandi butagengwa (IUU) ku bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere ni ugutakaza mu buryo butaziguye agaciro k’amafi ashobora gufatwa n’abarobyi baho niba uburobyi bwa IUU butabaye.https://www.msc.org/what-you-can-do/buy-sustainable-seafoodhttps://www.safinacenter.org/blog/the-grekos-a-success-story-in-the-crackdown-on-illegal-fishing

Ibisarurwa bya IUU bishobora kuzanwa ku isoko ku giciro cyo hasi nkirushanwa ridakwiye ku bicuruzwa bimwe biva mu bicuruzwa byagenwe cyangwa nkibicuruzwa byapiganwe nabi. Muri ibyo aribyo byose, umusanzu utemewe n'amategeko ku isoko urashobora kugabanya ubuziranenge nigiciro cyibicuruzwa biboneka, bityo bigatera umutwaro w'ubukungu kubasaruzi bakurikiza amategeko n'amabwiriza.

Ibi birashobora gutuma umutekano w'ibiribwa ugabanuka mubaturage batunzwe cyane n amafi nkisoko ya proteine yinyamaswa.https://www.economist.com/science-and-technology/2018/09/06/the-fight-against-illicit-fishing-of-the-oceans-is-moving-into-space

## Reba
Amazi

**Amazi** ni igisukika gishobora gukoreshwa mu bintu bitandukanye; urugero: gukora isuku, guteka, gukaraba. 2/3 by'isi bigizwe n'amazi ndetse n'umubiri wacu ni amazi.

## Ibigize amazi
Amazi agaragara (etat de l'eau) mu buryo 3 :
* Mu mwuka 
* mu bisukika
* imiterere ikomeye

Bitewe n'igihe kigeze amazi ashobora kuba umwuka cyangwa akomeye.

## Amazi ku kwezi

Abashakashatsi babonye amazi ku kwezi, ni amazi ari mu kazenga gato, ku ruhande rugaragaho izuba aho aho yabonetse hangana na m cube imwe.

## Amashakiro
Ubumenyi ku bidukikije

Ibidukikije bigizwe n'ibinyabuzima ndetse n'ibitafite ubuzima ariko karemano bisobanuyeko atari ibintu byakozwe n'abantu. iri jambo akenshi rikoreshwa havugwa ibintu bigize isi cywangwa isi ubwayo.ibindukikije rero ni  uruhurirane rw'ibifite ubuzima ikirere,umutungo kamere bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mibereho y'abantu ndetse n'ibikorwa byunguka.ibidukikije bishobora gutandukanwamo ibice bikurikira:

## '''Ubwoko bw'ibidukikije'''
Hari ubwoko bubiri(2) bw'ibidukikije

# ibidukikije karemano 
# ibidukikije byakozwe n'abantu

### '''Ibidukikije karemano'''
Ibidukikije karemano bigizwe ibintu kamere bityo rero n 'ibintu karemano bitarimo ubushake bw'abantu .Rimwe na rimwe, abantu ntibashobora kugenzura imiterere yabyo aha turavugamo amashyamba, imigezi, imisozi , ibishyanga ndetse n'ibindi.Ikoreshwa kandi mukwerekana ibinyabuzima nk'inyamaswa,ibimera, n'umutungo kamere ugire uruhare m'ubukungu bw'igihugu.

### '''Ibidukikije byakozwe n'abantu'''
Ibidukikije byakozwe kandi bigakorwa n'abantu. Harimo aho borera amafi (aquarium), imirima y'ibihingwa, ubusitani, parike z'inyamaswa , pariki z'ubukerarugendo(zoo) , ni'bindi.

Ibigize ibidukikije bigabanijwemo ibyiciro bibiri:

* Ibinyabuzima byose birimo inyamaswa, inyoni, amashyamba, udukoko, ibikururuka hasi na mikorobe nka algae, bagiteri, fungus, virusi, n'ibindi
* Ibintu byose bitabaho nk'umwuka, igicu, umukungugu, ubutaka, imisozi, inzuzi, ubushuhe, amazi, imyuka y'amazi, umucanga, n'ibindi.

## '''Akamaro k'ibidukikije'''
Ibidukikije bigira uruhare runini m'ubuzima bwiza no kubaho ku isi .Isi ni inzu y'ibinyabuzima bitandukanye kandi twese dushingiye kubidukikije ku ibiribwa, umwuka, amazi, n'ibindi bikenerwa. Ku bwibyo, ni ngombwa kuri buri muntu akwiriye kubungabunga no kurengera ibidukikije.

## '''Ingaruka z'ibikorwa bya muntu ku bidukikije'''
Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikorwa by'abantu bitera ingaruka mbi ku ibidukikije, birimo- imvura ya aside, aside yo mu nyanja, ihinduka ry’ikirere, gutema amashyamba, kugabanuka kwa ozone, guta imyanda iteje akaga, ubushyuhe bw’isi, abaturage benshi, umwanda , n'ibindi.

## Amashakiro
Papi Adabraka

**Luther Azamati** wamenyekanye mu ruhando rwa muzika nka **Papi 5Five** ubu azwi ku izina rya **Papi Adabraka** n'umuhanzi wo muri Gana, umuraperi ndetse yahoze ari umwe mu bagize itsinda rya muzika rya 5Five (Itsinda ry'umuziki) .   

## Ubuzima bwa mbere n'akazi
Papi 5Five yakuriye muri Adabraka maze atangira umwuga we w'umuziki nk'umwe mu bagize itsinda rya muzika rya 5Five (Itsinda ry'umuziki) mu mwaka wa 2005, ndetse nyuma y'imyaka myinshi akorana n'iri tsinda yaje gutandukana nabo agenda atangira kuririmba wenyine. 

Papi yasohoye indirimbo yitwa Location yakoranye hamwe na Mr Drew na Krymi nyuma yo gutangaza ko agiye gukora umuziki wenyine. 

## Discography

### Indirimbo

* Location yakoranye na Mr Drew na Krymi
* Akosua Tilapia hamwe na Vanilla
* Boys Taya

## Impaka hamwn a Appietus
Papi 5Five umunyamuryango wa 5Five (Itsinda ry'umuziki) na Appietus bagize uruhare mu kungurana ibitekerezo kuri radio na TV kubirebana n'ihohoterwa ry’uburenganzira ku bihangano Appietus ngo yaba yarishoyemo kuri 5Five ku ndirimbo yabo yitwa Move Back (Mujebaya) n’abandi bake.   

## Reba
Awatef Abdel Karim

**Awatef Abdel Karim** (8 Gashyantare 1931 - 24 Mata 2021) yari Umunyamisiri wandikaga amanota y'umuziki wa kera wa kontamporere. Karim niwe mugore wa mbere w'umunyamisiri w'umwanditsi w'amanota ya muzika wize ku mugaragaro kwandika amanota ya muzika.  Yahimbye amanota ya muzika ya piyano, viyole, korari, na orukesitere, kandi yanditse umuziki w'abana. Mu 1991, yasimbuye Gamal Abdel-Rahim nk'umuyobozi w’ishami rishinzwe guhimba amanota ya muzika no kuyobora ishami rya Cairo Conservatoire, akora kuri uwo mwanya kugeza mu 1997. Igitabo cyavuguruwe cy’igitabo cye cyitwa, *Music Appreciation of Nineteenth Century Music* cyasohowe mu 2005 i Cairo . Yahawe igihembo cya Leta cy’icyubahiro muri Kamena 2006. Abanyeshuri be bazwi cyane barimo Ahmed El-Saedi, Ali Osman, na Mohamed Abdelwahab Abdelfattah.

## Ibihangano
* *Nine Pieces for Children*, piano
Bouchaib Abdelhadi

**Bouchaib Abdelhadi**, ukomoka mu mujyi wa Casablanca, muri Maroke, yigaragaje mu mwuga wa muzika ku mpande zombi za Atalantike. Nk'umuyobozi wa Orokesitere yitwa Abdelhadi, yaririmbye mu Bwami bwa Maroke mu myaka ya za 1980. Kuva yagera muri Amerika mu ntangiriro ya za 1990, Abdelhadi yarakenewe cyane nk'umucuranzi w’ibicurangisho byinshi bitandukanye ( oud, inanga ya Maroc, perikushoni) no kuba umuhanzi w'amajwi y'umwimerere  mu mico gakondo yo mu burasirazuba bwo hagati no muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru nka *al-Ÿqa* ( Andalusiyani ), *Gnawa* (inzira ya Sufi ), na *Chaabi* ("uzwi cyane").

## Umwuga
Ibintu byingenzi byagaragaye mu mwuga harimo gukorana na Pharoah Sanders n'abandi mu muziki wa Alonzo King LINES Ballet Company,   kandi, mu 2001, yagize uruhare kuri CD ya Omar Sosa ya *Sentir* yagaragaye ku rutonde rw'abahatanira igihembo cya Grammy. Igitaramo cya Abdelhadi yaririmbyemo mu buryo bw'amajwi y'umwimerere n'ibicurangisho byakokanya kuva mu ruzinduko rwo muri Amerika hamwe n'umunyakiba ucuranga piyano, Omar Sosa mu 2002  yaririmbanye na Stephen Kent na Trance Mission mu 2001 na 2007,  ndetse yacuranze mu iserukiramuco ry’imbyino ry’amoko rya San Francisco mu 1998 yahimbye amanota ya muzika aranayacuranga y'indirimbo *Heart Song* afatanije na Alonzo King hamwe n'Ikinamico y'Abanyamerika Alvin Ailey mu 2004. 

Mu bufatanye yagiranye na Alonzo King harimo kandi *Salt* (2005) hamwe n’imyidagaduro y’imbyino yo muri Carolina y'Amajyaruguru, na *Ocean* (1994) hamwe *The Moroccan Project* (2005) hamwe na LINES Ballet. Abdelhadi yafatanije na DJ Chebi Sabbah kuri alubumu *La Kahena*, kandi yishimira gukorana n'abahanzi bo mu mico itandukanye ya muzika nka klezmer, Hindustani, jazz, na rock .

## Reba
Ibinyabiziga bihumanya ikirere

U Rwanda rufite intego yo kugabanya imyuka yangiza ikirere ku gipimo cya 38% mu mwaka wa 2030.

## Ingamba ku Ibinyabiziga bihumanya ikirere

Iyo ugeze ku kigo gishinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’ibinyabiziga ahitwa kuri "Controle technique", uhasanga imodoka nyinshi zaje kugenzurwa kugira ngo harebwe niba zujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo zibashe kugenda mu mihanda yo mu Rwanda ndetse nahandi hose mumahanga ikinyabiziga kigomba kubanza gukorerwa isuzumwa kugirango gihabwe uburenganzirwa rwo kugenda mumuhanda.Guhera mu ntangiriro z’umwaka wa 2015,mu bigenzurwa harimo n’imyuka isohorwa n’ibyo binyabiziga, nk’uko iteka ryasohotse mu kwezi k’Ukuboza mu mwaka 2013 rivuga ku bugenzuzi bw’ubuziranenge bw’imyotsi isohorwa n’ibinyabiziga ryabiteganyaga. 

## Ibindi mubituma habaho ihumana ry'ikirere

Imwe mu myuka ihumanya ikirere ku rwego rwo hejuru, ibikorwa by'ubuhinzi n'ubworozi byihariye 53% by'imyuka yose, umwuka w'inka zuza wihariye 24%, imyuka iva mu butaka n'ifumbire yihariye 16%. Ibikorwa bitanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi, imodoka n'ibindi biri ku gipimo cya 34% mu kohereza imyuka mu kirere, imyuka iva mu bishingwe yihariye 14%, mu gihe inganda zohereza 3% by'imyuka yose ijya mu kirere.
## Ibindi wamenya

Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko imyuka ihumanya ikirere yagabanutse mu mwaka 2020 mu bihe hashyirwagaho gahunda ya Guma mu rugo hirya no hino mu bihugu bitandukanye kubera icyorezo cya Covid-19.Ishami rishinzwe ibirebana n’Ikirere ku Isi, ryagaragaje ko ibigihumanya byagabanutseho 40% muri Amerika y’Amajyepfo, Amajyepfo ya Asia n’ibice bito by’u Burayi n’Amajyaruguru ya Amerika.Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko mu gihe icyorezo cya Covid-19 cyavuzaga ubuhuha, ibihugu bigafata umwanzuro wa gushyiraho gahunda ya guma mu rugo no guhagarika ingendo zitandukanye byatumye imyuka yangiza ikirere igabanuka by’umwihariko mu bice by’imijyi.  

## Amashakiro
Ahmed Adaweyah

**Ahmed Adaweyah** ni umukinnyi wa filime ukomeye w'umunyamisiri akaba n'umuririmbyi w'umuziki wa *Sha'abi* wo muri Egiputa. Yakinnye kandi muri firime 27 zo muri Misiri.

## Ubuzima

Adaweyah yavutse mu 1945 muri guverineri ya Minya, mu Misiri, avukira ku mucuruzi w’amatungo, kandi yabanaga na bavandimwe be 14,  Nyuma yaje kwimukira i Cairo maze atangira umwuga we wo kugabura ikawa, mu gihe yanakoreye indirimbo i Cairo mu 1969. Umuziki we warushije indi myinshi kandi wakwirakwijwe hakoreshejwe amajwi asakazwa ku mihanda. Muri bo, "Salamit Ummih Hassan" yashingiraga kuri Misiri (nka Umm Hassan) no gutsindwa kwayo mu 1967; "Zahma ya Dunia, Zahma" yinubiye ko abantu benshi kandi bahuze cyane i Cairo, "Ya Bint el-Sultan" yabaye indirimbo yakunzwe cyane ibyinwa n'ababyinnyi. Kimwe n'abaririmbyi benshi *ba Sha'abi*, Adaweyah yashoboye gutanga mawal ikomeye (gutungurana mu ijwi).  Hirengagijwe ko umuziki we utashyizwe kuri televiziyo cyangwa kuri radiyo, zamenyekanye cyane ubwo zakwirakwizwaga mu majwi. Yateye imbere atangira kuririmba muri hoteri y'inyenyeri eshanu n'utubyiniro twiza tw'ijoro.  Yagize kandi ibibazo by'uburenganzira bw'indirimbo ye "essah eddah embo" hamwe n'abandi bahanzi. 

Mu 1989, Adaweyah yanyweshejwe ibiyobyabwenge maze akubitwa na emir wo muri Koweti, Talal bin Nasser wari ufite ishyari.  Abayobozi bavuze ko bamusanze amaze kunywa by'indengakamere ibiyobyabwenge bya heroyine bikoreshwa n'abantu (abantu) bifitanye isano n'umugabo wari umufitiye ishyari.  Adawiyya yakize bihagije kugirango yongere aririmbe, nubwo yari amugaye igice. Kuva ubwo yagaragaye kuri gahunda zitandukanye z'umuziki. Muri 2009, yagiranye indirimbo na Ramy Ayach, aririmba "Alnas Alrayiqa".  Muri 2018, yasohoye indirimbo nshya "Helw Wasl". Umubyinnyi wo muri Ukraine Alla Kushnir agaragara mu mashusho y'indirimbo. 

## Ubuzima bwite
Adaweyah yashyingiwe mu 1976, afite umukobwa, Warda, n'umuhungu, Mohammed, akaba nawe ari umuririmbyi. 

## Reba
Agozo

**Firmin Boubié Bazié**, uzwi cyane ku izina ryo ku rubyiniro rya **Agozo**, ni umuririmbyi wa Burkinabé .

## Ubuzima n'umwuga
Bazié yavukiye i Réo, mu Ntara ya Sanguié, Burkina Faso. Ni uwo mu bwoko bwa Gurunsi . 

Nk’uko Bazié abivuga, mu ntangiriro yiswe izina rya Agozo na nyirakuru mu buryo bwa Gurunsi ( Lyélé )  ijambo "gbôzor", risobanura "flat tô ". Tô ni ingano cyangwa amasaka hamwe n'indyo ya Burkinabé. Igihe Bazié yari akiri umwana, ntabwo yakundaga tô ishyushye, gusa tô. Inshuti ze zo muri kaminuza zumvaga bitumvikana neza, nuko bongeraho "a" bakuraho "b" kugirango bihinduke Agozo. 

Agozo yinjiye bwa mbere muri muzika mu 1995 nk'uwari ugize zouglou itsinda ryaba Wôyô. 

Muri Kanama 2016, ibirori bya muzika n'amarushanwa byerekana ubunini bw'imibiri y'abagore, Agozo yagaragayemo kandi akamamaza, byatangajwe ku mbuga za interineti zo mu Burengerazuba nka France24, The Guardian na Reuters kubera impaka ziyikikije. Ibirori byahagaritswe na Minisiteri y’abagore, Ubufatanye n’umuryango yo muri Burkina Faso, .    

## Discography

* *La Go* (2015) – yarishingiye kuri Gurunsi *binon* y'injyana gakondo na coupé-décalé yo muri Côte d'Ivoire.

## Reba
Rachid Baba Ahmed

**Rachid Baba Ahmed** (20 Kanama 1946 - 15 Gashyantare 1995) yari umuproducer, umuhimbyi, n'umuririmbyi wo muri Alijeriya yagize uruhare mu njyana yo mu karere izwi ku izina rya raï .  Yashimiwe kuba yaramamaye ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu njyana mu 1976, abinyujije kuri pop raï nshya, akoresheje ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byoroheje kandi mu buryo bukomeye. Yashimiwe kandi iterambere rya pop raï mu myaka ya za 1970 na 1980, 1 abahanzi bakaba bita *cheb* cyangwa *chaba* .

## Umwuga
Rachid Baba yakoze alubumu yitwa *Rai Rebels*, mu yandi mazina menshi yamamaye yasohotse muri Amerika n'ahandi. Yakomeje agira ati: "Ku bijyanye no kugenzura amagambo y’indirimbo ziri kuri alubumu kugira ngo abe abereye abayisilamu bari bayitegereje," Mu ntangiriro, naretse [a] cheb aririmba amagambo uko yabishakaga. Ubundi nkabikurukirana. Iyo aririmbye ibitaboneye, ndamubwira  nti hagarara. Mu gihe yabaga atanyumviye, nabikuragamo mu gihe cyo kuvanga indirimbo. "  Baba yafashije abahanzi benshi bakiri bato kandi bakizamuka, barimo Chaba Fadela na Cheb Sahraoui . Sitidiyo igezweho ya Ahmed 24-track murir Tlemcen yatunganije pop-raï yo muri Alijeriya. 

## Urupfu
Mu gihe cy'intambara yo muri Alijeriya, yiciwe n'abayoboke b'amahame ya kisilamu ku ya 15 Gashyantare 1995, hanze y'ububiko bwe bwanditse i Oran, muri Alijeriya .  Yari amaze igihe kinini yibasirwa n’imitwe ya kisilamu kubera uruhare yagize mu gutunganya indirimbo zifite insanganyamatsiko y’urukundo ndetse n’ubuzima bwa buri munsi. 

## Reba

## Inyandiko

# Amazon.com
Ali Khencheli

**Ali Khencheli** cyangwa **Mahmoud Djellal** (yavukiye i Khenchela ) ni umucuranzi wo muri Alijeriya ukomoka muri Berber .   Yaririmbye kuva 1940 kugeza 1960. Yapfuye afite imyaka 88.

## Reba

## Inkomoko

* Soir Nshya na Djazairess
* ubuzima bwe 
* igitabo google kigufi biografiya mucyongereza
* Auresienne Kahina
Dez Altino

**Tiga Wendwaoga Désiré Ouédraogo**, uzwi cyane ku izina rye ryo ku rubyiniro rya **Dez Altino**, ni umuririmbyi akaba n'umucuranzi wa gitari wo muri Burkina Faso.  Aririmba mu ndimi za Mòoré n'Igifaransa, kandi umuziki we hafi ya wose uri mu bwoko bwa coupé-décalé. Yakoranye inshuro nyinshi nabandi bahanzi bakomeye bo muri Burkina Faso harimo nka Floby na Agozo .

Altino azwi kandi ku izina rye, *Le Prince National* .  

## Ubuzima n'umwuga
Altino yinjiye muri muzika bwa mbere muri 2006 hamwe na alubumu ye *Bon Dieu*. Muri 2018, yashinze isosiyete ikora, ikanatunganya umuziki ayita Altino Prod kugirango ifashe abahanzi bakiri bato mu gutezimbere umwuga wabo. 

Aba mu karere ka Cissin ka Ouagadougou kandi afite umukobwa, wavutse mu 2012.  

## Icyubahiro n'ibihembo
Altino yatsindiye Zahabu Kundé mu 2013 kimwe n'ibindi bihembo bitandukanye bya Kundé muri 2013, 2014 na 2017.   Yagizwe kandi Knight of the Order of Merit of Burkina Faso. 

## Discography

### Alubumu

* *Bon Dieu* (" *Imana Nziza* ") (2006) 
* *Sabaabo* (2014) 
* *Barka* (" *Urakoze* ") (2016)  
* *Beogo* (" *Kazoza* ") (2019) 

## Reba
Inuma

Inuma itungo rishimishije rifite urukundo rugereranywa n’urw’ abantu.

## Ibyo wamenya ku Inuma
Inuma buri gihe itera amagi abiri, akavamo ingore n’ingabo, bikazabana ndetse n’iyo ingore iri mu gihe cyo kurarira amagi yayo, iyo igiye gushaka icyo kurya iy’ingabo ni yo isigara iyaraririye. Mu gihe hari abanyarwanda usanga bibanda mu bucuruzi bw’ibintu bitandukanye burimo nk’ubw’ ibikoresho byo mu rugo, iby’ubwubatsi, ibinyabiziga, ibyo kurya n’ibindi, hari n’abemeza ko batunzwe n’ubucuruzi bw’inuma nubwo budatanga umusaruro mwinshi nk’andi matungo. Kimwe mu bituma bamwe mu bacuruza inuma bavuga ko badashobora kureka ubu bucuruzi, ni uko ngo hari igihe inuma imwe bayigurisha amafaranga agera ku bihumbi 10 bitewe n’ingano ndetse n’ibara ryayo.Ubu bucuruzi mu Rwanda usanga ahenshi bukunze gukorerwa mu ngo z’abantu ku buryo nta n’upfa kumenya uko bukorwa.Nubwo abantu bafata ubu bucuruzi nk’ubutatanga umusaruro, bamwe mu babukora bavuga ko badashobora kubureka bitewe n’amafaranga babukuramo. 

## Amashakiro
Ati Achtouk

**Said Achtouk** (1925 &#x2013; 7 Nzeri 1989  ) yari umuririmbyi ukomoka muri Maroc, umusizi akaba n'umwanditsi w'indirimbo.  Yanditse kandi aririmba muri Tashelhit . 

## Ubuzima
Said Bizrane cyangwa Achtouk yavukiye mu mudugudu wa Bizourane, igice cya Idaou-Bouzia akaba ari amwe mu moko azwi ya Chtouka. Rero, izina rye ry'ubuhanzi Achtouk risobanura "guturuka Chtouka" muri Tachelhit. 

Yatangiye kuririmba no kwandika ibisigo akiri muto mu gihe yitabiraga ibirori bya gakondo byitwa *Ajmak* . Inganzo ye yamurikiwe n'abahanzi benshi ba Shilha nka Lhaj Belaid, Anchad na Boudraa. 

Umwuga we watangiye ku mugaragaro ubwo yahuraga na Ahmed Amentag mu 1958 nyuma ashinga itsinda rye rya muzika harimo abahanzi nka Fatima Tabaamrant na Rkia Damsiria .

Achtouk yapfuye ku ya 7 Nzeri 1989 i Rabat .

## Umurage
Said Achtouk yanditse indirimbo nyinshi zivuga ku mibereho, umuco na politiki. Bimwe mu bisigo n'indirimbo bye bizwi ni: 

* *Yamarg*
* *Diaman*
* *A llayhnik*
* *Likamt*
* *Lawsaf n zin*
* *Tamadont*
* *Rwah anmon*

Ikigo ndangamuco muri Biougra cyamwitiriwe kubera uruhare yagize mu buhanzi n’umuco mu gihugu ndetse no mu gihugu. 

## Ubuzima bwite
Said Achtouk yarashinigiwe ndetse ni se w'umwana witwa Mohamed Bizrane, akaba ari umuganga ubaga uzwi cyane muri Maroke , akaba ari inzobere mu byerekeranye n'ubumenyi bw'ibice by'imyororokere ndetse n'ubuvuzi bwifashisha siporo. Akaba yarahoze ari impirimbanyi ya ruhago ndetse akaba yarabaye perezida w'ikipe y'umupira w'amaguru ya Biougra.

## Reba
Ikiyaga Cya Cyohoha

**[https://web.archive.org/web/20230213235101/https://panorama.rw/bugesera-ibyatsi-biri-ku-kiyaga-cya-cyohoha-bigabanya-umusaruro-wamafi/ Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha]** giherereye mu karere ka Bugesera mu Burasirazuba bw'u Rwanda.

Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha ni ikiyaga gito muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba. Ihuza umupaka uhuza u Burundi n'u Rwanda. Mu Rwanda, izwi nka Cyohoha y'Amajyepfo kuyitandukanya na Cyohoha y'Amajyaruguru hafi y'ibirometero 10 Amajyaruguru ugana mu Rwanda. Mu Burundi, izwi nka Cyohoha. Ni ikiyaga kigufi ariko kirekire cyane gifite amashami menshi. Ifite uburebure bwa kilometero 32 (20 mi), kandi ifite impuzandengo ya km 1 (1 mi) mubugari (ubugari ntarengwa ni 2 km (1 mi)). Igizwe ahanini n’umupaka uhuza u Rwanda n’Uburundi, ariko, igice cyacyo cyo mu majyepfo kigera no mu Burundi. Ikiyaga gifite kilometero 74 (30 sq mi), muri zo 19 km2 (10 sq mi) ziri mu Rwanda naho 55 km2 (20 sq mi) ni iz'Uburundi.

Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha y'Amajyepfo nkuko mubyara we Cyohoha y'Amajyaruguru asohoka mu ruzi rwa Akanyaru akoresheje urukurikirane rw'ibishanga bihuza ibyo biyaga n'umugezi. [1]

Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha ni kilometero 10 Iburengerazuba bw'ikiyaga kinini cya Rweru, ikiyaga cya kabiri ku mupaka w'u Rwanda - u Burundi.

## Reba aha
Ikiyaga Cya Ruhonda

**[https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/sobanukirwa-byinshi-ku-biyaga-by-impanga-burera-ruhondo Ikiyaga cya Ruhondo]** giherereye hagati y’uturere twa Burera na Musanze mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru, ni kimwe mu mitungo kamere y’Intara y’Amajyaruguru itavugwa.

## Amateka

Ikiyaga cya Burera kirohwamo n’umugezi wa Rugezi, Burera ikavamo umugezi wisuka mu kiyaga cya Ruhondo, Muri Ruhondo hagasohokamo umugezi wa Mukungwa utanga amazi yifashishwa mu gutanga umuriro w’amashanyarazi ku rugomero rwa Mukungwa II.

Ukigera kuri icyo kiyaga, uhasanga amafu n’umuyaga uhehereye umanuka hejuru y’ikirunga cya Muhabura. Hari kandi ishusho nziza cyane y’uruhererekane rw’ibirunga bitanu bitandukanya u Rwanda, Uganda na Congo Kinshasa. Ni agace kadasanzwe k’ubukerarugendo.

Icyo kiyaga gifasha abagituriye kuko kibonekamo amafi ndetse n’amazi yacyo akifashishwa n’abahinzi mu gihe buhira imyaka yabo.

## Reba Aha
Inkomoko y'izina ry'ikiyaga cya Kivu

Kivu ni ijambo rikomoka kuri KEFI  iryo jambo mu Misiri risobanuye “ibere” cyangwa “isoko y’amayobera” nk’uko n’ubusanzwe ibere ari isoko itagaragara y’amashereka. Ibi bikaba byerekeza ku kuntu mu buryo bumeze nk’amayobera, ikiyaga cya Kivu bibwiraga ko ari cyo soko ry’ikiyaga cya Tanganyika bibeshyaga ko ari yo mazi ari mu majyepfo cyane akoze isoko ya Nile biturutse kuri Rusizi isohoka mu Kivu. Abashakashatsi bo muri Misiri ya kera bagomba kuba bari baratangajwe no kumenya ko isoko ya Nile ari Kivu binyuze mu mugezi wa Rusizi usohoka mu Kivu werekeza mu majyepfo ukiroha muri Tanganyika aho kwerekeza mu majyaruguru nk’indi migezi yose ijya muri Nile.

## Reba aha
Blessing Annatoria

**Blessing Annatoria Chitapa** ni umuririmbyi wavukiye muri Zimbabwe  wo muri Russells Hall, Dudley.  Yatsindiye urukurikirane rwa cyenda rwa *The voice UK*;  indirimbo ye yatsinze ni iyo yasubiyemo yitwa " Angels " ya Robbie Williams,  yashyizwe ku mwanya wa 50 ku mbonerahamwe y'indirimbo zadawunilodinzwe mu Bwongereza.  Yize mu ishuri rya Kingswinford na Dudley College. 

## Umwuga

### 2020: The Voice UK
Muri 2020, Chitapa yahatanye mu rukurikirane rwa cyenda rw'irushanwa *The Voice UK*, maze yinjira mu itsinda rya Olly Murs.  Nyuma yo kuririmba " Angels " ya Robbie Williams, yatangajwe ko yatsinze uru rukurikirane, asinyana amasezerano na Island Records.  Afite inndirimbo ebyiri arizo That Love na Stay With Me out

### 2021: Bara umugisha wanjy( Count My Blessings)
Ku ya 2 Werurwe 2021, Chitapa yatangaje indirimbo ye nshya, "I smile". Iyi ndirimbo yasohotse ku ya 12 Werurwe 2021, nk'indirimbo ya mbere muri alubumu ye yari hafi, *Count My Blessings*.  Yaririmbye indirimbo ku mukino wa nyuma w'urukurikirane rwa cumi rwa *The Voice UK* . 

Ku ya 30 Mata 2021, Album ya mbere ya Annatoria *Count My Blessings* yarasohotse.

Mu 2021, Annatoria yatandukanye na Island Records.

### 2022: Umuziki mushya
Ku ya 20 Werurwe 2022, Annatoria yatangaje indirimbo ye nshya "Stay With Me" ("Gumana nanjye"). Indirimbo yasohotse ku ya 25 Werurwe 2022.

## Ubuzima bwite
Annatoria ni Umukristo. 

## Discography

### Album ya Studio

### Indirimbo

#### Indirimbo zamamajwe

## Reba
Kwiteza imbere mu Gufatanya kw'Abaturage ba Nyaruguru

Akarere ka Nyaruguru kaje ku isonga mu kwesa imihigo y’umwaka wa 2019 nu mwaka 2020 kubera ibikorwa bitandukanye kagezeho bigamije kuzamura imibereho myiza y’abaturage no kubateza imbere.

## Ibindi wamenya

Abazi neza Nyaruguru bavuga ko yavuye kure mu bijyanye n’ibikorwa remezo, iterambere ndetse n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage kuko yahoze ituwe n’abakene benshi batungwaga no kujya guca inshuro mu tundi turere cyangwa mu mahanga ibyo bitaga ‘kudeya’.Ha mbere mu Karere ka Nyaruguru harangwaga inzara yatumaga bamwe mu bagatuye batungwa no kujya guca inshuro mu tundi turere, bitewe n’uko ubutaka bwaho busharira babuhingaho ntibyere.Kuri ubu imibereho y’abahatuye iri mu nzira nziza kuko hari ibikorwa remezo by’ibanze bagejejweho ku buryo byahinduye imyumvire n’imitekerereze y’abahatuye, bituma kegukana umwanya wa mbere mu kwesa imihigo y’umwaka wa 2019 nu mwaka wa 2020 kavuye ku mwanya wa 24 kariho mu mwaka 2017 nu mwaka 2018.

## Ibyo Nyaruguru yagezeho

Akarere ka Nyaruguru kagaragaza umwihariko w’ibikorwaremezo biri ku rwego rwo hejuru kagezeho mu gihe u Rwanda rwizihizaga kwibohora ku nshuro ya 28 ariko ngo ibi byose ntibyari kugerwaho iyo hatabaho umutekano. Zimwe muri gahunda twavuga muri Nyaruguru ni uko buri murenge wamaze kugeramo umuriro w’amashanyarazi ndetse ingo ziyafite ziri ku kigero cya 93%; amazi meza yegerejwe abaturage ku rugero rwa 80,8%; amashuri yubatswe ku bwinshi ndetse n’amavuriro ku nzego z’utugari (Poste de Santé) yarahageze. 

## Amashakiro