open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ubutaka buturwaho

## Ubutaka

Umubitsi w’inyandikompamo z’ubutaka yongera igihe nyakuri cy’ubukode burambye, ku Munyarwanda, atabanje kubisaba. Umunyamahanga ushaka kongererwa igihe nyakuri cy’ubukode burambye abisaba mu nyandiko Umubitsi w’Inyandikompamo z’Ubutaka hasigaye nibura iminsi mirongo icyenda (90) kugira ngo igihe cy’ubukode kirangire, Umubitsi w’inyandikompamo z’ubutaka yongera igihe nyakuri cy’ubukode burambye, ku Munyarwanda, atabanje kubisaba. Umunyamahanga ushaka kongererwa igihe nyakuri cy’ubukode burambye abisaba mu nyandiko Umubitsi w’Inyandikompamo z’Ubutaka hasigaye nibura iminsi mirongo icyenda kugira ngo igihe cy’ubukode kirangire.

## Amashakiro
Ubutaka bucururizwaho

## Ubutaka

Igihe nyakuri cyo gukodesha ubutaka bwa Leta mu rwego rw’ishoramari gishobora kurenga imyaka mirongo ine n’icyenda (49) ariko ntikirenge imyaka mirongo icyenda n’icyenda (99), byemejwe na Minisitiri ufite ubutaka mu nshingano ashingiye ku nama yagiriwe n’urwego rufite ibikorwa bikubiye muri uwo mushinga mu nshingano. Igihe nyakuri cyo gukodesha ubutaka bwa Leta mu rwego rw’ishoramari gishobora kurenga imyaka mirongo ine n’icyenda  ariko ntikirenge imyaka mirongo icyenda n’icyenda , byemejwe na Minisitiri ufite ubutaka mu nshingano ashingiye ku nama yagiriwe n’urwego rufite ibikorwa bikubiye muri uwo mushinga mu nshingano.

## Amashakiro
Ubutaka n'inyubako z'ubuyobozi

## Ubutaka

Igihe nyakuri cyo gukodesha ubutaka bwa Leta mu rwego rw’ishoramari cyangwa icyogutiza ubutaka bwa Leta cyongerwa bisabwe n’uwakodeshaga cyangwa n’uwabutijwe gusa hakaba hari n'inyubako z'ubuyobozi ziri kubutaka buzwi, hashingiwe ku bikubiye mu masezerano yo gukodesha ubutaka bwa Leta cyangwa intizo.

## Andi makuru
Imicungire n'imikoresherze y'ubutaka ni imwe mu nkingi z'iterambere ry'ubukungu n'imibereho myiza y'abaturage Ubu hashyizweho rejisitiri y'ubutaka muburyo bw'ikoranabuhanga(Land Administration Information System- LAIS) Ifasha mu guhuriza hamwe amakuru yose arebana n'ubutaka ikaba kandi yifashishwa mu kwandika impinduka zabaye k'ubutaka, gutanga ibyangombwa by'ubutaka ndetse no gusakaza amakuru ku babifite inyungu zemewe n'amategeko  nka Banki mu gihe nyir'ubutaka ashaka kubutangamo ingwate, Inkiko mugihe ubutaka buri mumanza, Inzego za Leta mu gihe cyo kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z'inyungu rusange, mu itangwa ry'umusoro kumutungo utimukanwa n'ibindi...

## Amashakiro
Ubutaka n'ubwikorezi

## Ubutaka

Imihanda mi nini nayo Iyo uwakodesheje ubutaka bwa Leta cyangwa uwabutijwe adasabye kongererwa igihe nyakuri cyo gukodesha ubutaka bwa Leta mu rwego rw’ishoramari cyangwa icyo gutiza ubutaka bwa Leta, cyangwa iyo abisabye ntabyemererwe, atakaza uburenganzira yari afite kuri ubwo butaka.

## Amashakiro
Ubutaka n'umuco

## Ubutaka

umuco nyarwanda ukunze kuba ubusabe bwawo bwemewe, umubitsi w’inyandikompamo z’ubutaka yongera igihe nyakuri cy’ubukode burambye. Icyakora, iyo ubusabe bwe butemewe cyangwa iyo adasabye ko igihe nyakuri cy’ubukode burambye cyongerwa, uwo munyamahanga atakaza uburenganzira yari afite kuri ubwo butaka bugashyirwa mu mutungo bwite wa Leta.

## Amashakiro
Imikoreshereze y'imitungo kamere

## Umutungo

Imikoreshereze, imicungire n’imigenzurire by’umutungo wa RWB bikorwa hakurikijwe amategeko abigenga. Ubugenzuzi bushinzwe igenzura rya buri munsi ry’imikoreshereze y’umutungo wa RWB buha raporo Inama y’Ubuyobozi, bukagenera kopi Umuyobozi Mukuru wa RWB.

## Ibindi
Mu gihe kitarenze amezi atatu (3) akurikira impera z’umwaka w’ibaruramari, Umuyobozi Mukuru wa RWB ashyikiriza urwego rureberera RWB raporo y’umwaka w’ibaruramari, imaze kwemezwa n’Inama y’Ubuyobozi ya RWB hakurikijwe amategeko agenga imicungire y’imari n’umutungo bya Leta.

## Amashakiro
Ubutaka bw' u Rwanda

## Guhindura ibyangombwa byatanzwe.
Hari ibyangibwa byari byaratanzwe mbere ubu mu Rwanda bakaba barashyizeho serivisi zo kubihindura bikajyana nigihe, ni ingenzi ko buri wese ufite ibyangombwa bya kera yajya kubihinduza ku bashinzwe serivisi zubutaka. kugirango bijye muri rujitiri y' igihugu . 

## Shakira aha
Kwegururwa umutungo kamere

## Kamere

Abakozi bari ab’Ikigo Gishinzwe Gucunga no Guteza imbere Amazi n’Amashyamba mu Rwanda bagengwaga n’Itegeko n o 06/2017 ryo ku wa 03/02/2017, rishyiraho Ikigo Gishinzwe Gucunga no Guteza imbere Amazi n’Amashyamba mu Rwanda, rikanagena inshingano, imiterere n’imikorere byacyo, beguriwe RWB ishyizweho n’iri tegeko hashingiwe ku mbonerahamwe y’imyanya y’imirimo yayo.

## Amashakiro
Amasezerano y'umutungo kamere

## Umutungo

Inzego zirebwa n’iri tegeko ry'amasezerano y'umutungo kamere zihabwa  igihe kitarenze amezi atandatu (6) uhereye ku munsi i tegeko ritangarijweho mu Igazeti ya Leta ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda kugira ngo zibe zubahirije ibiteganywa n’iri tegeko. itegeko ryateguwe mu rurimi rw’Icyongereza, risuzumwa kandi ritorwa mu rurimi rw’Ikinyarwanda. 

## Amashakiro
Itegeko rya mashamba mu Rwanda

## Ishyamba

Itegeko rishyiraho Ikigo gishinzwe Amashyamba mu Rwanda cyitwa “RFA” mu magambo ahinnye y’Icyongereza. Rigena kandi intego, inshingano, imiterere n’imikorere byacyo. RFA ifite ubuzimagatozi, ubwigenge n’ubwisanzure mu miyoborere, mu micungire y’umutungo n’abakozi byayo. Icungwa kandi hakurikijwe amategeko abigenga.

## Ibindi
RFA iri mu cyiciro cy’ibigo bya Leta bikora imirimo itari iy’ubucuruzi. Icyicaro cya RFA kiri mu Karere ka Ngororero mu Ntara y’Iburengerazuba. Gishobora kwimurirwa ahandi hose mu Rwanda igihe bibaye ngombwa byemejwe n’Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Intebe.

## Amashakiro
Umutungo kamere w'amazi mu Rwanda

## Amazi

Mu Rwanda, itegeko rishyiraho Ikigo gishinzwe Umutungo Kamere w’Amazi mu Rwanda cyitwa “RWB” mu magambo ahinnye y’Icyongereza. Rigena kandi intego, inshingano, imiterere n’imikorere byacyo, RWB ifite ubuzimagatozi, ubwigenge n’ubwisanzure mu miyoborere, mu micungire y’umutungo n’abakozi bayo kandi icungwa hakurikijwe amategeko abigenga.

## Icyicaro
Icyicaro cya RWB kiri mu Mujyi wa Kigali, Umurwa Mukuru wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda. Gishobora kwimurirwa ahandi hose mu Rwanda igihe bibaye ngombwa byemejwe n’Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Intebe. RWB ishobora kugira amashami ahandi hose mu gihugu bibaye ngombwa, byemejwe n’Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Intebe.

## Amashakiro
Ihererekanya butaka rishingiye ku cyamunara

## Kugura ubutaka mu cyamunara.
Iyi nyandiko isabwa nuwaguze ubutaka mucyamunara kugirango bibe byaciye mumucyo ndetse byemejwe n ikigo gitsura amajyamere; RDB. Ibi bikorwa kugirango hakurikizwe uburyo bunoze bwo guhererekanya ubutaka. Ibi biba binagamije kugirango hegukanwe ubutaka binyuze mu bwunvikane nta kindi cyabaye. 

## Ifishi isaba ihererekanya.
Hari ifishi ugomba kumenya iyo ugiye gusaba icyamunara ukaba wayisanga hano: Ifishi. 

## Ifishi yemejwe n umwanditsi mukuru.
Iyo uri waguze ubutaka mucyamunara hari ifishi igomba gusinywaho n umwanditsi mukuru kugirango ubutaka bwemezwe ko bwatanze, ni ingenzi rero kureba ko ayo mafishi yose wayujuje kugirango wirinde ingaruka zizaza nyuma. 

## Shakira aha.
Ikigo cy'amashyamba mu Rwanda

## Ikigo

RFA ni ikigo gishyizwe amashyamba mu Rwanda, aho ishobora kugira amashami ahandi hose mu gihugu bibaye ngombwa, byemejwe n’Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Intebe. Intego ya RFA ni ukongera amashyamba, kuyacunga no kuyabungabunga hagamijwe iterambere rirambye.

## Ishingano
RFA ifite inshingano zikurikira: 

1° gushyira mu bikorwa politiki, amategeko, ingamba n’ibyemezo bya Guverinoma byerekeye imicungire n’imikoreshereze y’amashyamba; 

2° kugira inama Guverinoma mu bijyanye n’imicungire n’imikoreshereze y’amashyamba; 

3° gufatanya n’inzego za Leta n’izabikorera zishinzwe gucunga amashyamba hagamijwe kongera umusaruro w’ibiyakomokaho no kurwanya isuri; 

4° gutegura gahunda yo kongera amashyamba; 

5° gushyiraho ingamba zo gutubura no gutanga imbuto z’ibiti; 

6° gushyiraho ingamba z’imicungire irambye y’amashyamba no kugaragaza akamaro kayo mu bukungu bw’Igihugu; 

7° gufasha Uturere n’Umujyi wa Kigali mu micungire n’imikoreshereze irambye y’amashyamba.

## Amashakiro
Sitati y'abakozi b'amashyamba

## Amashyamba

Abakozi ba RFA bagengwa na sitati rusange igenga abakozi ba Leta mu Rwanda. Imiterere y’inzego z’imirimo, ibisabwa ku myanya y’imirimo, imishahara n’ibindi bigenerwa abakozi ba RFA bigenwa n’Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Intebe, Inshingano z’abandi bakozi b’Urwego Nshingwabikorwa rwa RFA zigenwa n’Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Intebe.

## Ishingano
1°gushyira mu bikorwa ingengo y’imari ya RFA; 

2°kwitabira inama z’Inama y’Ubuyobozi ya RFA no kuba umwanditsi wazo; 

3°gukora indi mirimo yahabwa n’Inama y’Ubuyobozi, ijyanye n’inshingano za RFA.

## Amashakiro
Imyenda k'umashyamba

## Ishyamba

Umutungo, imyenda n’amasezerano kyu mashyamba byari iby’Ikigo Gishinzwe Gucunga no Guteza imbere Amazi n’Amashyamba mu Rwanda cyashyizweho n’Itegeko n o 06/2017 ryo ku wa 03/02/2017 rishyiraho Ikigo Gishinzwe Gucunga no Guteza imbere Amazi n’Amashyamba mu Rwanda, rikanagena inshingano, imiterere n’imikorere byacyo, byeguriwe RFA ishyizweho n’iri tegeko hashingiwe ku nshingano zayo.

## Imyenda ya banki

## Amashakiro
Gusarura Amashyamba

Gusarura Amashyamba bisaba kuba ishyamba ryeze, ndetse bigasaba kuba wasabye uruhushya ndetse inzego zibishyizwe zabisusubye, aha twavuga inzego z'umurenge, akarere ndetse n'abashinzwe amashyamba.

## Amashamba

## Amashakiro
Ibangamirwa ry'ibidukikije

## Ibidukikije

Umujyi wa Kigali nta genamigambi ngenderwaho y’iterambere ifite bityo hakaba hari akajagari mu iterambere ry’imiterere y’umujyi. Ahantu hakorerwa ubucuruzi, ahantu h’imiturire ho mu rwego rwo hasi, uruciriritse cyangwa urwo hejuru, hose hahindutse insisiro zitari mu igenamigambi, Kuri izo mpamvu, ibibazo by’ibidukikije n’iby’ubuzima nk’imyanda ikomeye, gutwara imisarani , amazi mabi n’imyanda yoroshye byo mu nganda byahindutse ikibazo .

## Kigali

Abayobozi b’umujyi wa Kigali, mu bufatanye by’inzego zikorera ku giti cyazo, bakoze uko bashoboye kugira ngo batoragure imyanda ikomeye (solid waste) bahereye aho ituruka bashaka gukiza Kigali imyanda ikomeye.

## Amashakiro
Ibidukikije n'iterambere mu bukungu

Hafi 57 ku ijana by’Abanyarwanda, harimo cyane cyane abagore, babaho mu bukene bukabije, bakaba batungwa n’idolari ridashitse ku munsi. - Uburyo abakene babayeho n’icyizere bafite cyo kubona ibiribwa bishingiye akenshi ku buryo butaziguye ku rusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, no ku rwunge rw’ibintu na za serivisi bikomoka kuri urwo rusobe rw’ibinyabuzima. - Gushyira mu bikorwa imigambi y’igihugu n’imigambi mpuzamahanga y’iterambere rirambye n’ ibikorwa byo kugabanya ubukene bisaba ko u Rwanda rushyira ibidukikije n’amahame yumwimerere yo gucunga neza umutungo mu rwego rw’igenenamigambi ry’igihugu ryerekeranye n’iterambere mu bukungu. - Ubukungu na bwo bujyana n’ibidukikije mu buryo bwinshi bugaragara. Ibikorwa ngengabukungu byose harimo Kubyaza umusaruro, kuwukoresha no gutaba imyanda bibera mu bidukikije.

## Ibindi
Mu Rwanda, Umusaruro Rusange w’Igihugu (PIB/GDP) nyawo duhereye ku biciro byo mu 2001 wiyongereho 6 ku ijana mu 2007 ugereranije na 5,5 ku ijana mu 2006. Uko kwiyongera kwaturukaga ku kugaruza umusaruro wo mu nzego za 3 n’iza 2 zinjije inyongera za 11,4 na 9,2 ku ijana buri kimwe hakurikijwe inyongeragaciro ku kiguzi mu 2007 ugereranije n’umwaka ubanziriza.

## Amashakiro
MINIRENA

## Ibidukikije

Ni minisiteri ishinzwe ibidukikije n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere rifite inshingano zo kureba niba amategeko yose y’ubugenzuzi, ingamba na gahunda bijyanye no kurengera ibidukikije, imihindagurikire y’ikirere, kurwanya umwanda byatejwe imbere kandi bigakwirakwizwa. Irashinzwe kandi gushyiraho ingamba zo guteza imbere ubufatanye no kongera ubushobozi bw’abikorera gushora imari mu bikorwa by’ibidukikije n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere hagamijwe iterambere rirambye ry’ubukungu.

## Ibigo
Minirena ifite ibigo bigiye biyegamiyeho harimo :

- REMA

-FONERWA

- Meteo Rwanda

## Amashakiro
Ikigo cya REMA

## Ibidukikije

REMA ni ikigo gishijwe ibidukikije ariko cyegamiye kuri minisiteri ishinzwe ibidukikije ya MINIRENA, aho yashyizweho n'iteka rya Perezida N ° 033/01 ryo kuwa 06/05/2022 Ikigo gishinzwe imicungire y’ibidukikije mu Rwanda, REMA ifite inshingano zemewe n'amategeko zo kurengera ibidukikije by’igihugu, kubungabunga, kuzamura no gucunga muri rusange, harimo n’ubujyanama kuri guverinoma ku bibazo byose bijyanye n'ibidukikije n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere.

## Ishingano
1 ° gushyira mu bikorwa politiki y’ibidukikije ya Guverinoma;

2 ° kugira inama Guverinoma kuri politiki, ingamba n’amategeko ajyanye no gucunga ibidukikije ndetse no gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano mpuzamahanga ajyanye n’ibidukikije n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere nk'uko bisabwa;

3 ° gutegura no gutangaza raporo yerekana uko ibidukikije byifashe mu Rwanda buri myaka ine (4);

4 ° gushyiraho ingamba zo gukumira no kugabanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere no guhuza n'ingaruka zayo;

## Amashakiro
Fonerwa

## Ibidukikije

FONERWA  iherutse gushyiraho Ikigega cy’ibidukikije n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe na Guverinoma y'u Rwanda . nk’uburyo bwo gutera inkunga imirenge kugira ngo bigere ku ntego z’iterambere ry’iterambere rirambye ry’ibidukikije, guhangana n’ikirere ndetse n’iterambere ry’ubukungu. Ishirwaho rya FONERWA ryerekana u Rwanda rukomeje kwiyemeza iterambere rirambye n’ubukungu bwatsi.

Igamije gutanga umusanzu mu guhanga umutungo urambye no kugabanya ubukene, binyuze mu micungire irambye y’umutungo kamere, guhangana n’ikirere ndetse n’izamuka ry’ubukungu. 

## Fonerwa

FONERWA niyo modoka mu Rwanda inyuzamo ibidukikije n’amafaranga y’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ikoreshwa, igashyirwaho gahunda, igatangwa kandi igakurikiranwa. Nkikigega cyigihugu cyibiseke, FONERWA nigikoresho cyorohereza kugera ku bidukikije mpuzamahanga n’imari y’ikirere, ndetse no koroshya no gushyira mu gaciro imfashanyo zituruka hanze n’imari yo mu gihugu. Kugera mu Kigega birakinguye kuri minisiteri n'uturere, imiryango y'abagiraneza n'abikorera ku giti cyabo, harimo ubucuruzi, sosiyete sivile n'ibigo by'ubushakashatsi.

## Amashakiro
Ibidukikije n'Imiturire

## imiturire

Hakurikijwe ijanisha ry’ubwiyongere bwa 2,9 ku ijana buri mwaka, abaturage b’u Rwanda ubu babarirwa muri miliyoni 9,2 (2006) harimo abatuye mu mijyi bagera kuri 17 ku ijana. Biteganyijwe ko abaturage biyongera kugeza hafi kuri miliyoni 16 mu 2020 keretse nihashyirwa ingufu mu iringanizwa ry’imbyaro, mu burezi no mu ngamba z’ubukangurambaga (ROR 2000). U Rwanda ni igihugu gituwe n’abaturage benshi ku buso kurusha ibindi muri Afurika, kikaba gifite hafi abaturage 397 ku kilometero kare. Guverinoma irifuza ko ibi byazagabanukaho 2,2 ku ijana ahagana mu mwaka w’i 2012.

## Ibidukikije

## Amashakiro
Ubuzima bwiza bw’ibidukikije

## ibidukikije

Ubuzima bw’ibidukikije bugamije guteza imbere no kugira ibidukikije bisukuye, byizewe kandi biboneye, mu miturire , hagamijwe guteza imbere ubuzima bwiza bw’abaturage, n’ubukungu mu nzego zose z’abaturage.  Bugizwe n’umubare runaka w’ibikorwa byuzuzanya, harimo kubaka no kwita ku bikorwaremezo bijyanye n’ubizima, itangwa rya za serivisi, uburezi bushingiye kuri Leta, ibikorwa rusange n’iby’umuntu ku giti cye, amabwiriza n’amategeko. 

## Ubuzima
Intego y’Icyitegererezo 2020 ni ukugira ubuzima bwiza mu mujyi no mu cyaro – nta bintu byanduza, no gukorera isuku ibishanga byose hagamijwe kugabanya cyane cyane ibintu bibamo bitera malariya. Kuri buri mujyi cyangwa buri hantu h’iterambere kugira agashami gashinzwe gutunganya no gushyingura imyanda ikomeye, no mu ngo, guteza imbere ubukangurambaga no gushyira mu bikorwa, ingamba z’ibanze z’izuku n’iz’imitunganyirize y’ahantu n’iy’ibintu. - Ubushakashatsi mu 2006 bwerekanye ko 19 ku ijana by’ingo zo mu mujyi zakoreshaga amazi y’amariba naho ko 12 ku ijana zavomaga amazi mu mavomero ya Leta adatwikiriye.

## Amashakiro
Gucunga neza imyanda

## inyanda

Gucunga neza amazi mabi n’imyanda ikomeye mu Rwanda bifite isura zitandukanye: kuva ku misarane ya Leta kugeza ahantu hateganyirijjwe za ruhurura. - Kuboneka kw’imyanda ikomeye, iy’amazi n’iy’imyuka ihumanya byiyongera ku muvuduko ujyanye n’uw’iterambere ry’inganda. - Mu byaro, igenamigambi ry’iterambere ry’Uturere ririmo gushimangira ko buri rugo (100 ku ijana) rugomba kuba rufite ikimpoteri gikozwe neza mu mwaka w’i 2024.

## Ibidukikije

## Amashakiro
Ibyerekeye ubuhinzi

## ubuhinzi

U Rwanda rufite hafi hegitari 165.000 z’ibishanga harimo 93.754 ha (57 ku ijana) zahinzwe. Ariko, 5.000 ha gusa zaratunganyijwe kandi zishobora guhingwa umwaka wose mu gihe ahasigaye hahingwa uko umuntu yishakiye nta nyigo mu bya tekiniki n’imwe ibanje gukorwa. - Urwego rw’ubuhinzi rwagennye nk’ibyihutirwa cyane igenamigambi rya Guverinoma mu iterambere. Amerekezo y’igihugu y’ubu arashaka ko uru rwego rwava ku gushakisha amaramuko rukajya ku gushaka umusaruro mu bintu bijyanye n’ubucuruzi. - Ubuhinzi bugezweho buboneka nk’imwe mu nkingi esheshatu za Vision 2020 kimwe no gucunga neza ku buryo burambye imikoreshereze y’ubutaka n’ibikorwa remezo by’ibanze.

## Ubutaka

## Ibidukikije

## amashakiro
Ubuhinzi n'iterambere ry'igihugu mu bukungu

## ubuhinzi

Urwego rw’ubuhinzi ni ingirakamaro mu bukungu bw’u Rwanda. Urwego rw’ubuhinzi rwariyongereye rugira impuzandengo ya 9,5 ku ijana mu bihe bya 1996 - 2000; ariko, iryo zamuka ryagabanutse mu kigero cya 4,8 ku ijana z’ubwiyongere buri mwaka mu 2001-2006 aho bwabaye ku buryo bugoranye igice cy’ubwiyongere bwabonetse mu gihe kibanziriza cy’imyaka 5 (ROR 2007).

## Umusaruro
Umusaruro w’ibihingwa mu 2008 wabaye munini cyane muri rusange, 14,8 ku ijana. Habayeho na none ubwiyongere ku musaruro w’ibiribwa no ku bihingwa bijyanwa mu mahanga bwa 16,4 na 13,5 ku ijana kuri buri cyiciro. 

- Mu 2001, uruhare rwo mu urwego rw’ubuhinzi muri PIB rwari hafi 46 ku ijana mu buryo nyakuri, rukaba rwari rugize 80 ku ijana ry’ibicuruzwa bisohoka. - Uruhare rwo mu urwego rw’ubuhinzi mu mizamukire rusange ya PIB mu mwaka w’i 2007 rwari 6.3 ku ijana.

## Amashakiro
Ibangamirwa ry’ibidukikije i Kigali

## kigali

Umujyi wa Kigali nta genamigambi ngenderwaho y’iterambere ifite bityo hakaba hari akajagari mu iterambere ry’imiterere y’umujyi. Ahantu hakorerwa ubucuruzi, ahantu h’imiturire ho mu rwego rwo hasi, uruciriritse cyangwa urwo hejuru, hose hahindutse insisiro zitari mu igenamigambi. - Kuri izo mpamvu, ibibazo by’ibidukikije n’iby’ubuzima nk’imyanda ikomeye, gutwara imisarani amazi mabi n’imyanda yoroshye byo mu nganda byahindutse ikibazo..

## ibidukikije

## Amashakiro
Ibyerekeye Ubutaka

## ubutaka

U Rwanda ni agahugu gato gafite ubuso bwa 26.336 km2. Ubutaka bushobora guhingwa bwose hamwe ni hafi hegitari miliyoni 1,4 zigize 52 ku ijana by’ubuso bw’igihugu bwose hamwe. - Ariko ubuso burimo guhingwa none bwarenze hegitari miliyoni 1,6 muri iyi myaka ishize. Akandi gace gato kagizwe na hegitari miliyoni 0,47 kagenewe inzuri zihoraho, ku buryo aharenze 70 ku ijana by’ubuso rusange bw’igihugu hakoreshwa mu buhinzi.

## Ubutaka

## Amashakiro
Ibibazo by'ibidukikije

## ibidukikije

Ibibazo by’ibanze binaniza iboneka ry’umusaruro mu buhinzi bigizwe n’ubucucike buhanitse bw’abaturage ku mutungo w’ubutaka udahagije. Ibi byaganishije ku isaranganywa ry’ubutaka n’igabanuka ry’ubugari bw’ahanfu habyazwa umusaruro, ku gukomeza guhinga ibihingwa byinshi ku butaka butarazwa kandi bufite imbogamizi y’isuri, ku ihingwa ry’ubutaka risubirwamo kandi hatongerwamo ibitunga ubutaka, ku mihingire y’uburyo burambuye no kuri za serivisi z’ubushakashatsi zidahwitse no ku ibura rikabije rw’ubusugire igihe cy’ingorane zikomoka ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere nk’imeshyi cyangwa amahindu y’imvura ari byo bitera igabanuka ry’uburumbuje bw’ubutaka n’igabanuka ry’itangwa ry’umusaruro amaherezo. 

- Gahunda y’Umuryango Umwe Inka Imwe (Gira Inka) yabaye ingairakamaro mu guteza imbere amoko y’inka za kijyambere hagati y’abanyarwanda bitari gusa mu kugira imirire myiza n’inyungu zijyanye n’umusaruro w’amata n’uw’ibicuruzwa, ariko na none mu kubona ifumbire ikomoka ku binyabuzima igakoreshwa mu kunoza umusaruro ukomka ku buhinzi. - Amasambu ni mato cyane muri rusange, kuba hari ingo zirenzeplus 60 ku ijana zihinga mu nsi ya 0,7 ha, 50 ku ijana zihinga mu nsi ya 0,5 ha, n’izirenze 25 ku ijana zihinga mu nsi ya 0,2 ha (ROR 2008). 

## Ibindi
- Iki kibazo kirushaho gukomezwa n’ukuntu amenshi mu masambu afite amapariseli anyuranye kandi anyanyagiye, amenshi muri yo akaba manzunyu. Ubuto bw’amasambu buturuka ku ngufu nyinshi cyane zisabwa ubutaka kubera ubwiyingere bukabije bw’abaturage ku buso butabifitiye ubushobozi. Hejuru y’ibyo, imico n’imigenzereze y’izungura igizwe no kugaba ubutaka hagati y’abana umuntu yabyaye na byo byongereye ikibazo. 

- Ubuhinzi bukorwa mu manga z’ibitwa n’iz’imisozi, n’uko bugenda bwiyongera ku itemwa ry’amashyamba, bwatumye habaho iyangirika ry’ubutaka n’isuri. Hafi 40 ku ijana by’igihugu cy’u Rwanda byafashwe na FAO nk’ibishobora guhura n’isuri ihambaye mu gihe ubuhinzi bugera kuri 37% bukeneye ingamba zijyanye no kuzitira ubutaka mbere yo guhinga. 23,4% gusa by’ubutaka bw’igihugu nta mbogamizi y’isuri bufite.

## Amashakiro
Ibikorwa mu kurinda ubutaka

## ubutaka

Hakurikijwe ubushakashatsi bwo mu nzego buhuriweho na benshi byo muri Werurwe 2009(Etude Sectorielle Conjointe de Mars 2009) mu Rwego rw’Ubuhinzi, urwego rw’ubuhinzi (ubusanzwe n’ubw’ibintu bicuruzwa) rwafatiwe ingamba z’uburinzi nuko haboneka ibigenda neza mu nzego zikurikira.

* Ubuso bw’ubutaka burinzwe isuri: 45 ku ijana (2008) kugeza kuri 50 ku ijana (2009) 
* Zone de marais aménagée pour l’utilisation agricole: 12.000 ha (2008) kugeza kuri14, 000 ha (2009)
* Ubutaka bushobora guhingwa bwuhiwe bwiyongera kuva kuri 1 ku ijana (hafi 15.000 ha) kugera kuri 1,6 ku ijana (hafi 24.000 ha) 
* Ubuso bwuhiwe mu manga z’ibitwa bwiyongera kuva kuri 130 ha mu 2006 kugera kuri 1.100 ha mu 2012 hakoreshejwe tekiniki zo kuhira mu misozi miremire 
* •Imibare igereranya ingo z’abahinzi zikoresha uburyo bwo guhinga bwa kijyambere: gukoresha ifumbire mva ruganda byiyongera kuva kuri 15 ku ijana (2008) kugera kuri 18 ku ijana (2009); gukoresha ifumbire ikomola ku binyabuzima byiyongera kuva ku 10 ku ijana (2008) kugeza kuri 13 ku ijana (2009)
* Ijanisha ry’ubworozi mu buryo bw’itubura ryiyongera kuva kuri 30 ku ijana (2008) kugera kuri 38 ku ijana (2009).

## Amashakiro
Inganda mu bidukikije

## Inganda

Guteza imbere inganda no kongerera abakozi ubushobozi ni bimwe mu bigize ingamba za Guverinoma y’u Rwanda zo kugera kuri Vision 2020 - Nk’uko bimeze mu bigihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere, inyinshi mu nganda zashyizwwe mu turere tw’umujyi. Hafi 63 ku ijana by’inganda byubatze mu mujyi wa Kigali cyangwa mu nkengero zawo. 

## Ibidukikije
Ibigo bikuru bikuru byibanda ku gukora cyane cyane ibikomoka ku biti na /cyangwa gutunganya ibiti, kwenga inzoga, ibinyobwa bidasindisha, itabi, ciment, imyenda, icyayi n’ikahwa. Ibindi byahisemo gukora ibijyanye ibintu n’ubutabire, ubwubatsi, amacapiro, gukora impapuro, gukora ibyuma na gaz méthane.

## Amashakiro
Amabuye y'agaciro mu bidukikije

## Amabuye

Ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro ni igikorwa kigizwe n’umutungo utisubiranya ufite agaciro gahanitse. Amabuye y’agaciro akoreshwa mu masoko y’igihugu no mu mahanga hagamijwe iterambere mu bukungu no mu bintu bikorerwa mu nganda. - Ariko, n’ubwo bukoresha ubuso buto bw’ubutaka, bushobora kugira ingaruka zihambaye ku bidukikije kandi akenshi zidatezuka. - Ibikorwa by’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro na za kariyeri byiyongereyeho hafi 55 ku ijana mu mwaka w’i 2004, bishyigikiwe ahanini n’umusaruro wiyongeraga wa gasegereti n’uwa tini. - Urwego rw’amabuye y’agaciro na za kariyeri rukekwaho kuba rukoresha ku buryo butaziguye hafi abantu 50.000 mu Rwanda. 

## Ibidukikije
Ubungubu, ibikomoka kuri za kariyeri bitanga 11 ku ijana by’inyungu ziboneka imbere mu gihugu ugereranije na 3-4 ku ijana uhereye mu mwaka w’i 1990. Ubwiyongere mu rwego rw’inganda bwageze hafi kuri 7 ku ijana mu mwaka w’i 2004, - Ntihashize igihe, mu myaka y’i 2006-2007, urwego rw’amabuye y’agaciro rwashyizwe mu maboko y’abikorera ku giti cyabo ku buryo burambuye, ibyo bituma haba imizamukire muri icyo gikorwa cy’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro. - Amafaranga yinjiye akomoka ku mabuye y’agaciro (mines) yari miliyoni 71 z’Amadolari y’Abanyamerika na miliyoni 93 mu 2007 n’i 2008 buri kimwe. Yarengeje intego zakekwaga kugerwaho mbere.

## Amashakiro
Ingorane zo mu rwego rw’inganda

## Inganda

* Kubura ingufu zihagije 
* Kudakumira imyanda ihumanya bihagije

Kugira ngo u Rwanda rwungukire muri politike yo guha imitungo abakorera no kugira ngo rushyigikire ishoramari kurushaho, politike idatezuka iriho yo guteza imbere inganda hamwe n’izindi nzego ngenderwaho z’iterambere bigomba gukomatanywa mu rwego rwo gucunga neza ibidukikije ku buryo burambye.

## Ingorane
Gushyira mu bikorwa no kuboneza amategeko arebana n’ibidukikije: ingingo ya 67 n’iya 68 y’itegeko ryerekeranye n’ibidukikije zitegeka ko ibikorwa byose bishobora kugira ingaruka zihambaye ku bidukikije bikorerwa isuzuma ry’ingaruka ku bidukikije (EIA). - Umusaruro uboneye kurushaho: urugero rw’ibikorwa bya CP (inganda) - Kunoza urwego rw’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro : guteza imbere ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro n’ubushobozi bw’igihugu bw’imitunganyirize; gushyiraho ikigo cya za serivisi zerekeranye no gutunganya amabuye y’agaciro mu karere no kunoza imikorere y’igihugu y’ibikoresho byo mu byubatsi.

## Amashakiro
Umutungo w’Ibinyabuzima

## Urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima

Urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ni uruvange rw’amoko y’ubuzima n’imikoranire yayo n’iy’ibindi bidukikije byatumye isi iba ahantu honyine ho gutura ku bantu (CDB 2000). Urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima tubona none rukomoka ku mamiliyaridi y’imyaka y’ihindagurika ryakozwe n’imitere y’ibikorwa by’umwimerere, hanyuma umuntu abigira mo uruhare rwagiye rurushaho gukomera.

## Rwanda
N’ubwo u Rwanda ari agahugu gatoya, rufite urusobe rw’ibintu bihumeka n’ibidahumeka bikoze ireme n’umwimerere by’ahantu mu rwego rw’ibidukikije (écosystèmes), ibimera n’inyamaswa. Kuba ruri hagati mu rwunge rw’ibibaya bya Rift Albertine mu ishami ry’amajyaruguru rya Rift Valley yo muri Afurika ni ikintu gifite icyo kimaze.

## Amashakiro
Ibimera mu Rwanda

## Ibimera

U Rwanda rucumbikiye ibimera by’amoko menshi anyuranye kubera urusobe rw’imiterere y’igihugu n’urw’ikirere ruhanitse kuva mu burengerazuba kugera mu burasirazuba. Ibimera bito bizamura amazi mu miheha yabyo (plantes vasculaires) bibarirwa hafi mu moko 3000 aturuka mu turere dutandukanye bitewe n’imiterere nyabuzima y’ahantu. 

## Amoko y'ibimera
Amoko hafi 280 y’ibimera bigira uburabyo bituruka mu Rwanda abonwa nk’akomoka muri Albertine Rift. Muri ayo moko cyimeza, hafi 20 yihariwe n’u Rwanda, amoko 50 aboneka gusa mu Rwanda no muri Kongo y’Uburasirazuba ,naho amoko 20 yabonetse gusa mu Rwanda no mu Burundi .

## Amashakiro
Ibangamirwa ry’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima

## Ibinyabuzima

Bitewe n’ubucucike bw’abaturage burusha ahandi muri Afurika hakiyongeraho kubogamira ku buhinzi, ingorane z’ibanze ku rusobe rw’ibinyabuzima no ku murungo w’umwmimerere mu Rwanda zijyanye cyane cyane n’imbaraga nyishi cyane zisabwa n’ubwiyongere bw’abaturage n’ikibazo cyibura ry’ubutaka.

Izindi ngorane urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ruhura na zo zikomo ku bikorwa bya muntu nko gutakaza ahantu hatuwe bitewe n’imindagurikire y’imiturire, ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, ubuhinzi no kuzana amoko y’ibintu by’ahandi. - Nk’urugero, ubuso rusange bwa za pariki z’igihugu, bwagabanutseho kuva mu myaka y’i1960 bitewe no gushaka ubutaka bwo guhinga n’aho gutura.

## Amashakiro
Inyamaswa mu Rwanda

## Inyamaswa

U Rwanda rucumbikiye ubwoko bw’inyamaswa zonsa butandukanye151, harimo cumi na bumwe bubangamiwe muri iki gihe kandi nta na bumwe buhakomoka. Muri bwo harimo amoko y’inkima (hagati ya 14 na 16), harimo igice cy’ingangi zo mu misozi zituye ku isi zikiriho (Gorilla gorilla berengei).

## Amaoko

Ayandi moko y’inkima agizwe n’inkima ifite mu maso hameze nk’ah’igihunyira (Cercopithecus hamlyni), inkima yo mu misozi (Cercopithecus hoesti) muri Nyungwe, Inguge (Pan troglodytes) muri Nyungwe no muri Gishwati, n’icyondi (Cercopithecus mitis kandti) cyabonetse muri Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga.

Hari amoko 15 y’amafumberi, n’urusobe rwinshi rw’amoko nk’ay’imbogo, imparage, amasatura, inguge y’umunwa muremure, inzovu, imvubu, ingona, utunyamasyo n’amoko y’imbonekarimwe nk’inyaga.

## Amashakiro
Ubushobozi butangwa n’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima

## Ubuzima

**Gushyigikira ubukungu n’ibitunga abantu**:  Ibiribwa, imiti n’ibindi bintu byinshi Abanyarwanda babikesha urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima n’umutungo w’umwimerere. 

**Akamaro k’ubukerarugendo**: Umusaruro ukomoka ku bukerarugenso wageze kuri miliyoni 33 z’amadolari y’Abanyamerika mu 2006, harabanje kuboneka umusaruro udahambaye uri munsi y’amadolari miliyoni 5 mu 2002

U**bushakashatsi ku birebana n’imiti:** Ingero z’umutungo w’umwimerere w’ingirakamaro zigizwe na Prunus africana yabonetse muri Nyungwe. Iki kimera gikoreshwa nk’umuti w’ibanze wa kanseri ya porositate.

## Amashakiro
Akamaro k’ubukerarugendo

## Ubukerarugendo

U Rwanda rufite urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ku bwinshi; ni ngombwa rero ko hashyirwaho amateko ihamye yo kurwitaho, harimo n’amategeko y’imikoreshereze y’umutungo w’umwimerere, bitari ukwihuza n’ibisabwa n’amahanga gusa, ahubwo kubera y’uko urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ari umusingi w’ibitunga Abanyarwanda kandi rutanga amahirwe y’iterambere mu bukungu.

## Ubushobozi
Birakwiye nanone gutangira gushimangira ubushobozi ku buryo burambye bitari gusa mu birebana no kurinda, ahubwo nanone mu birebana n’ibikoresho bishyashya nko gusuzuma ibidukikije no kubikorera ikeshaburanga.

## Amashakiro
Amategeko y'urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima

## Inzego

Ni ngombwa gushyiraho amategeko n’inzego z’ubuyobozi bifite ishingiro mu gucunga neza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima. Hatariho politike n’amategeko bigenga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzimam ibimera n’inyamaswa, birakomeye kurinda no gutunganya imikoreshereze yurusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ruhanitse rw’u Rwanda.

## Amategeko
Aya mategegeko azagomba kubamo inyamaswa ziri hanze y’aza pariki z’igihugu, amategeko agenga ubushakashatsi ku mutungo w’ibinyabuzima, gushakisha ibinyabuzima, n’ibindi bintu nko gucunga ubumenyi gakondo.

## Amashakiro
Amashyamba akumiwe

## Amashyamba

Amashyamba n’uturere twamezemo ibiti tw’u Rwanda bishobora gushyirwa mu nzego enye:

* Amashyamba ya cyimeza yo ku Isunzu rya Kongo Nili harimo Pariki y’Igihugu ya Nyungwe, Gishwati, na Mukura;
* Amashyamba ya cyimeza ya Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga;
* Amashyamba cyimeza y’ahantu h’ibiti bitatanye no mu ishyamba ritanga umwezi bya Pariki y’Igihugu y’Akagera n’ibisigara by’amashyamba atanga umwezi n’ay’ahantu h’ibiti bitatanye yo mu Bugesera, i Gisaka no mu Mutara;
* Amashyamba y’amaterano agizwe ahanini n’amoko aturuka hanze (Eucalyptus sp, Pinus sp, Grevillea robusta) n’ibiti bikwirakwijwe ku butaka buhingwa (gutera amashyamba) no mu nkengero z’ibyobo birinda isuri.

## Igihugu
Amashyamba y’igihugu yakekwagaho kuba 240.746 ha mu 2007. Ibyo bikaba bihwanye hafi na 10 ku ijana by’ubuso bw’ubutaka bw’imusozi bw’igihugu (23.835 km2). Ariko umutungo w’amashyamba mu Rwanda ugizwe nanone n’uduce tw’ubutaka duteyemo ibiti n’umutungo w’amashyamba y’amaterano.

## Amashakiro
Umutungo ukumiwe

## Umutungo

Hakurikijwe Ubwumvikane ku Rwunge rw’Ibinyabuzima mu Rwanda, ahantu hakumiwe hasobanurwa nk’agace k’ubutaka, ibidukikije byerekeranye n’amazi cyangwa ingezi hafite imipaka ngenderwaho ishingiye ku miterere yaho, hashyiriweho ku buryo bw’umwihariko kurinda no kubungabunga urwunge rw’ibinyabuzima n’umutungo waho kamere n’uwerekeranye n’umuco; bityo aho hantu uko hateye hagomba kwerekanwa mu buryo bw’amategeko, gutunganywa no gucungwa neza hakoreshejwe uburyo bukwiriye, ubushingiye ku mategeko n’ubundi.

## Amoko

U Rwanda rufite amoko ane y’ahantu harinzwe harimo za pariki z’igihugu (Akagera, Nyungwe na Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga); amashyamba akumiwe (Gishwati, Ikirwa cya Iwawa n’amashyamba arinzwe ya Mukura); Amashyamba afite agaciro ndangamuco (ishyamba rya Buhanga); n’ibishanga bifite agaciro ku isi (agatsiko k’ibishanga bya Rugezi-Bulera-Ruhondo). Kuri ayo mashyamba afite ubuzima gatozi bushingiye ku mategeko agennga uturere turinzwe, hiyongeraho andi mashyamba afite agaciro gashingiye ku muco (ishyamba rya Busaga mu Karere ka Muhanga) n’ahandi hantu h’amashyamba cyimeza asa n’aho arinzwe n’itegeko.

## Amashakiro
Urwego rw'amashyamba

## ishyamba

Urusobe rw’amashyamba agize ireme n’umwimerere by’ahantu mu rwego rw’ibidukikije rutanga ibintu na za serivisi birimo ibikurikira: inkwi zo gucana n’ibiti byo kubaka, kurinda ahantu haturuka amazi, kunoza amazi, ubukerarugendo, ibikomoka ku mashyamba byoroshye nk’ibimera bivamo imiti, ubuki n’ibikoresho byo mu rwego rw’imyuga. Ibiti bikomeje kuba inkomoko y’ibanze y’ingufu zikenerwa mu ngo ku Banyarwanda barenze 90 ku ijana.

## Ubutaka
Amashyamba ashyigikiye ubuhinzi mu gutanga za serivisi zijyanye n’ukuntu ibimera n’inyamaswa bifatikanya mu rwego rw’ibidukikije mu buryo buziguye. - Iyangirika ry’uburumbuke bw’ubutaka ni ku ruhande rumwe ingaruka yo kubura inkwi zo gucana mu byaro, ibyo bigatuma abahinzi bakoresha ibisigazwa by’imyaka nk’ibicanwa aho kubikoresha nk’ifumbire ikomoka ku binyabuzima. Ubushakashatsi bwemeje bukomeje ko icyo gikorwa gitwara 1,7 ha y’ifumbire ikomoka ku binyabuzima kuri hegitari kandi ku mwaka. Gutakaza uburumbuke bikomoka ku bikorwa nk’ibyo mu rwego rw’igihugu bihwanye na toni 40.000 z’ifumbire na toni 33.000 z’ishwagara.

## Amashakiro
Ubushobozi bw'amashyamba

## Ishyamba

Ibiti bikoreshwa mu bwubatsi no mu bikoresho byo mu rugo, ibyo akaba ari bimwe mu bindi. Ibiti bikunze gukoreshwa birimo Inturusu (45 ku ijana), Ibimera 59 bikomeye bikoreshwa mu buvuzi bw’abantu gakondo naho ilisiti y’ibimera bikomera 39 ni iy’ ibikoreshwa mu buvuzi gakondo bw’amatungo kimwe no ku ndwara amatungo n’abantu bahuriyeho.

Hari ubushobozi mu rwego rw’amashyamba bwo kubona imari mu rwego rwo Kugera ku Iterambere Rinoze (Mécanisme du Développement Propre : CDM) hakurikijwe inama yabereye i Kyoto ku byerekeranye no kohereza imyuka ihumanya mu kirere. Ariko, ni ngombwa guteza imbere ubushobozi bw’abenegihugu no kugira ingamba zigaragara zo kubyaza umusaruro ubwo bushobozi.

## Ubworozi
Ubworozi bw’inzuki ni ikindi kintu kijyanye n’ibikomoka ku mashyamba byoroshye bifite ubushobozi cyane kubera cyane cyane imiterere y’ikirere cy’u Rwanda n’ubwiza bw’ahantu ku buzima - Urwego rw’ubukerarugendo rushingiye ku gusura ahantu hakumiwe, ruhagaze neza cyane kuva mu 2024.

## Amashakiro
Umusaruro w'amashyamba

## Amashyamba

N’ubwo urwego rw’amashyamba rutanga amahirwe menshi mu birebana n’imizamukire y’ubukungu bw’igihugu, rufite zimwe mu ngorane zikwiriye gukemurwa kugira ngo u Rwanda rushobore kwifashisha ayo mahirwe. Ibangamirwa ry’ibanze ry’amashyamba ni cyane cyane ibibazo bijyanye n’imitegekere, urwego rw’amategeko rudahwitse n’ingufu nyinshi cyane zisabwa n’ubwiyongere bw’abaturage bigatuma gusatira no gutema amashyamba kubera imiturire, ubuhinzi n’inzuri.

## Ibarura
Ibarura ry’amashyamba y’igihugu mu 2017 ryabonye uburyo bw’ibanagamirwa bukurikira : gutema ibiti ku buryo butemewe n’amategeko (78,3 ku ijana), gutwika amakara (4,9 ku ijana), inzuri z’amatungo (2,5 ku ijana), ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi (1,9 ku ijana), gutwika ibisambu (1,9 ku ijana), gushishura ibiti (0,6 ku ijana), ubucukuzi bw’amambuye y’agaciro (0,5 ku ijana) n’ubworozi 

bw’inzuki (0,4 ku ijana).

## Amashakiro
Ibibangamira Ishyamba

## Ishyamba

N’ubwo urwego rw’amashyamba rutanga amahirwe menshi mu birebana n’imizamukire y’ubukungu bw’igihugu, rufite zimwe mu ngorane zikwiriye gukemurwa kugira ngo u Rwanda rushobore kwifashisha ayo mahirwe. Ibangamirwa ry’ibanze ry’amashyamba ni cyane cyane ibibazo bijyanye n’imitegekere, urwego rw’amategeko rudahwitse n’ingufu nyinshi cyane zisabwa n’ubwiyongere bw’abaturage bigatuma gusatira no gutema amashyamba kubera imiturire, ubuhinzi n’inzuri.

## Imbogamizi
Ikenerwa ry’amakara akomoka ku biti mu mijyi rituma haba gusaba ingufu nyinshi cyane amashyamba. Gutwika amakara mu kugemurira umujyi wa Kigali byateje ivanwaho ry’ahantu h’ibiti bitatanye n’ah’amashyamba atanga umwezi mu Bugesera. Za hegitari zirenga 50.000 z’ahantu h’ibiti bitatanye zabonetse mu 1983, ziza kugabanukaho zigera munsi y’ 10.000 mu 1988 (MINAGRI 1988).

## Amashakiro
Ingamba k'umusaruro w'ishyamba

## Ingamba

**Gushimangira ububasha bw’inzego** : Isuzuma ryo mu rwego rwo gutera amashyamba rirekana inenge mu ku birebana n’ubushobozi bw’inzego z’ubuyobozi. Hakwiriye gukomezwa inzego z’ubuyobozi bukuru - Minisiteri n’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe Amashyamba (ANFA) n’iz’ubuyobozi bwaguye – Uturere na za segiteri. Muri urwo rwego, Ishuri rikuru ry’u Rwanda ryatangiye maîtrise mu gutera ibiti n’amashyamba.

**Guteza imbere iterwa ry’ibiti n’amashyamba**: Za tekiniki zo gutera amashyamba ziri mu bisubizo bishobora gusana vuba isura y’igihugu kuri unu gisa n’ikigiye kuba ubutayu. Mu rwego rw’ibura ry’ubutaka, harashyirwa imbaraga mu guteza imbere amoko akomeye cyane ajyana neza n’imyaka kurusha ayandi

**Guhindura amashyamba y’amaterano ashaje**: Isura y’igihugu cy’u Rwanda ku birebana n’amashamba cyiganjwemo inturusu, izo nturusu zikaba mu gihe kirekire zaragize uruhare mu igabanuka ry’inkwi zo gucana n’iryi ibiti bya za serivisi. Ahenshi mu hatewe ubwo bwoko bw’ibiti hashyizweho mbere y’ubwigenge, none ubu hakaba hameze nabi kubera iyangirika ry’ubutaka no gucungwa nabi. Ni ngombwa kuvugurura ayo mashyamba bayasimbuza amoko yatoranyijwe ajyanye n’uturere tuberanye na yo n’imiterere y’ubuka buberanye na yo.

## Amashakiro
Agaciro k'ahantu

## Ahantu

Ahantu hahehereye hazwiho kuba urusobe rw’ibintu bihumeka n’ibidahumeka bikoze ireme n’umwimerere by’ahantu mu rwego rw’ibidukikije bitanga umusaruro kurusha ibindi ku isi. Bimwe mu byo dukesha ahantu hahehereye, ari byo abantu bungukiramo ni ukwisubiranya, kw’ibitunga ubutaka, gukumira ibyondo n’iyandura, kugabanya imyuzure no gusubiza amazi mu butaka.

## Inyamaswa
Hejuru y’izo nyungu z’uburyo buziguye, ahantu hahehereye ni ho hakomoka inyamaswa, amafi, ibiti n’ibiti by’ishyamba bifite umubyimba woroheje (non-timber products) byinshi abaturage bakoresha cyane. Icy’ikubitiro nanone, ubutaka bw’ahantu hahehereye bushobora kugira agaciro kanini mu byerekeranye n’ubuhinzi bukoreshejwe neza .

## Amashakiro
Ahantu n'amazi

## Amazi

Amazi afite akamaro gahambaye bitari gusa ku buzima bw’abantu, ahubwo na none ku nyamaswa, ubuhinzi, iterambere mu byerekeranye n’inganda, amashanyarazi akomoka ku ngufu z’amazi, ubwikorezi, iterambere ry’imibereho myiza y’abaturage n’iry’ubukungu n’ivanwaho ry’ubukene.

## Umutungo
Umutungo kamere w’amazi wisubirisha, hakurikijwe AQUASAT 2005, mu mwaka w’i 2000 wageraga kuri 6,3 km3/umwaka, ugereranije na 5 km3/umwaka mu 1993, ubwiyongere nyabwo bw’umutungo. Umutungo w’amazi wisubirisha kuri buri muntu na wo wiyongereye kuva kuri 638,2 m3 kuri buri muntu ku mwaka mu 1993 kugera kuri 815 m3 ku muntu ku mwaka mu 2000.

## Amashakiro
Ahantu hahehereye

## Ahantu

Ibishanga ni byo binyuranye mu buryo bw’imiterere no n’ubw’ubutabire kurusha ibindi bintu byose byerekeranye n’ibihumeka n’ibidahumeka bikoze ireme n’umwimerere by’ahantu mu rwego rw’ibidukikije biboneka mu mazi mu Rwanda. Muri ubwo buryo ni ahantu hahehereye hakurikijwe ibihe.

## Ibarura
Ibarura rya vuba aha ry’ahantu hahehereye ryakozwe mu 2008 ryerekanye ko u Rwanda rufite ibishanga 860 n’ibiyaga 101 bitwikiriye ubuso bwa 278.536 ha muri rusange (10,6 ku ijana by’ubuso bw’igihugu), n’i 149.487 ha, kuri buri kimwe. Iri barura nanone ryabonye imigezi 861, ifite igiteranyo cy’ibirometero 6.462 z’uburebure. 41 ku ijana by’ibishanga byabaruwe bitwikiriwe n’ibimera by’umwimerere, 53 ku ijana birimo ibihingwa, (ibi bikaba bigize hafi 148 344 ha) kandi hafi 6 ku ijana n’imirima yarajwe.

## Amashakiro
Iterambere ry'ibidukikije

## Ibidukikije

Ibyo dukesha ahantu hahehereye by’ibanze mu Rwanda ni umusaruro wo mu buhinzi, ibikenerwa byerekeranye n’amazi, indiri y’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, ububiko bwa nyiramugengeri, gucubya imihindagurikire y’ibihe n’iy’ikirere, imyidagaduro, ubukerarugendo n’agaciro mu birebana n’umuco. - Ugereranije, hegitari 92.000 ku 165.000 muri rusange zikoreshwa mu buhinzi. Ni ahanini kubera y’uko 90 ku ijana by’abaturage b’igihugu bacyitabira ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi. - Ububiko no gusukura amazi .

## iterambere

## Amashakiro
Umutungo w'ibishanga

## Ibishanga

Kugirango haboneke igisubizo cy’ikibazo cy’iyandura ry’amazi n'ibishanga, ni ngombwa gushyiraho amategeko n’amabwiriza ajyanye no kugenzura imyanda by’ingandas. Ingufu zirakenewe kugira ngo hashyirwe mu bikorwa uburyo bwo kubona umusaruro mwiza kurushaho mu nganda zose kandi ibi byarushaho kuba byiza biramutse biherekejwe n’ihame rya ‘uwangiza arishyura’ ryatuma inganda zose zangiza zikorera umusaraba w’ibikorwa byazo kandizikagira uruhare rwubaka kurushaho ku birebana n’igabanuka ry’iyanduzwa ry’umutungo w’amazi n’uw’ibidukikije muri rusange.

## Imicungire
Kunoza imicungire myiza y’amazi: Ku birebana no gucunga neza amazi, ni ngombwa gushyiraho umusingi w’ibikenewe gukorwa wujuje ibya ngombwa byose bizatuma habaho kugenzura no kubungabunga ibikorwa byose uko byakabaye hamwe no gushyira ku gihe amakuru yerekeranye n’ubwiza n’ubwinshi by’amazi y’igihugu.

## amashakiro
Ibangamira Amazi

## Amazi

Ingufu zihambaye, mu myaka ya vuba aha, zasabwe umutungo w’amazi n’uw’ahantu hahehereye kubera imikoreshereze inyuranye yadutse kandi yiyongeraga bitewe n’izamuka ry’ubwiyongere bw’abaturage. Zimwe muri izi mbogamizi zigizwe n’ikwirakwizwa ry’ubuhinzi, imyanda, kwinjizwa kw’amoko, ikoreshwa rikabije n’inzego z’ubuyobozi zidatunganye mu gucunga neza ahantu hahehereye.

## Ibibangamira ibyo

## Amashakiro
Ibitanga ingufu

## Ingufu

U Rwanda rufite uburyo bwinshi cyane bwo kugera ku iterambere mu birebana n’ingufu, uhereye ku hashobora kuvanwa amashanyarazi akomoka ku ngufu z’amazi, umwuka witwa gaze methane, ingufu zitangwa n’imirasire y’izuba na nyiramugengeri iboneka mu bishanga. Umutungo utarabyazwa umusaruro ku birebana n’amashanyarazi ushobora kuba ungana na megawati 1.200 .

## Amazi

## Amashakiro
Umutungo w'ingufu mu Rwanda

## Ingufu

Vision 2020 y’u Rwanda irashimangira ikenerwa ry’imizamukire mu bukungu, ishoramari ryo mu rwego rw’abigenga n’itunganywa ry’ubukungu rishyigikiwe n’itangwa ry’ingufu ryizewe kandi ridahenze nk’ikintu cy’ibanze mu bikorwa byo gushaka kugera ku iterambere. Kugira ngo iyo mitunganyirize igerweho, igihugu kizagomba kongera umusaruro werekeranye n’ingufu no kunyuranya ibitanga ingufu na byo binyuranye.

## Umusaruro
Inyinshi muri izi nkomoko z’ingufu ntizabyajwe umusaruro ku buryo buhagije. Muri ubwo buryo, inkwi ziracyari iza mbere mu guha ingufu abaturage 94 ku ijana, ibikomoka kuri peteroli bivanwa mu mahanga bitwara amafaranga arenze 40 ku ijana mu kuyavunja. Ingufu ni ikintu kigize umasingi w’ubukungu. Birumvikana rero ko ingufu zitangwa ubungubu, zidahagije kandi zihenze, ari zo mbogamizi iterambere rirambye rifite.

## Amashakiro
Ibura ty'ibicanwa mu Rwanda

## Ibicanwa

Igice kinini cy’ingufu zikoreshwa mu Rwanda none kiracyagizwe n’inkwi (80,4 ku ijana). Ni muri ubwo buryo hari itemwa ry’amashyamba riteye inkeke mu gihugu rifite ingaruka ku bidukikije. - Ubushobozi bwo kubona amashanyarazi y’imbere mu gihugu ni buke cyane, megawati 72.445 hakoreshejwe uburyo bwose bushoboka.

## Umuriro

## Amashakiro
Ibitanga Ingufu mu Rwanda

## Ingufu

Urwego rw’ingufu mu Rwanda rugizwe n’ingingo eshatu: amashanyarazi, ibikomoka kuri peteroli n’ibitanga ingufu bishyashya n’ibyisubiranya - Mu bitanga ingufu byisubiranya dufite ibikomoka ku binyabuzima (biomass), imirasire y’izuba, nyiramugengeri, umuyaga, ingufu ziva mu butaka (géothermie) n’amashanyarazi aturuka ku mazi - Ibipimo byerekeranye n’ingufu by’igihugu biriho ubu bya 86, 11 na 3 ku ijana by’ingufu zose zikoreshwa bikoreshwa mu rwego rw’ibikomoka ku binyabuzima, ibikomoka kuri peteroli n'amashanyarazi, buri kimwe .

## Rwanda
Ibikomoka ku binyabuzima bimaze kuba bikeya mu gihe igihugu kirimo gihura no gutakaza ibikomoka ku binyabuzima bigera kuri miliyoni metero kibe 4 ku mwaka. - N’ubwo imikoreshereze y’inkwi zo gucana yagombye kwiyongera mu gihe giciriritse, ingamba z’igihe kirekire za EDPRS zigamije kugabanya imikoreshereze y’inkwi zo gucana kuva kuri 94 kugera kuri 50 ku ijana mu mpera za 2020.

## Amashakiro
Amashanyarazi mu Rwanda

## Amashanyarazi

U Rwanda ruvana hanze hafi 15,5 MW z’amashanyarazi hakoreshejwe kwambukiranya imipaka ya RDC n’iya SINELAC na hafi 3MW ziva mu Bugande, N’ubwo hari ingufu z’amashanyarazi zituruka hanze, umutungo w’ amashanyarazi uburaho 50%. Mu 2004 hinjijwe amashanyarazi angana hafi na 380 MWh z’amashanyarazi atangwa. - Ibura ry’amashanyarazi ryateye kuyimana buri gihe. Kuyimana bibaho igihe amasosiyete atanga amashanyarazi agaritse kuyatanga kuri bamwe mu bafatabuguzi.

## Ingamba

Ingamba zo gutera inkunga Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba zigomba gutangira iyamamaza rihanitse ryo gukoresha Amashyiga yo Gutekaho Akorwa ku buryo bwihutirwa, ari yo Fourneaux de Cuisine Improvisés (ICS), mu buryo bwo kuzigama burambye hagamijwe gukomeza uburinganire hagati y’ibintu bitangwa n’ibisabwa. - Inkwi zo gucana ICS zirahendutse kurusha amakara ICS ku madolari 3 y’amanyamerika ugereranije n’amadolari 6 y’amanyamerika kuri buri kimwe.

## Amashakiro
Ingamba k'umutungo w'amazi

## Umutungo

Gucunga neza umutungo w’amazi mu myaka yashize byibanze ku gutanga amazi hatitawe cyane ku micungire myiza y’umutungo w’amazi no ku bibazo nko kugenzura umutungo w’amazi, gusuzuma ahantu amazi aturuka n’ibindi. Hashingiwe ku mihindurire yo mu rwego rw’amazi, gushyira itangwa ry’amazi n’imikorere yerekeranye n’imitunganyirize y’ahantu n’iy’ibintu birebana na yo muri Minisiteri y’Ibikorwa Remezo (MININFRA) mu gihe Minisiteri ishinzwe ibidukikije MINIRENA yari ifite mu nshingano zayo gucunga neza umutungo n’ibijyanye n’ishyirwaho n’iyubahirizwa ry’amabwiriza, gucunga neza umutungo w’amazi kurushaho birashoboka.

## Amazi
Hazabyazwa umusaruro ibyiciro by’imikoreshereze y’amazi y’umwimerere ku mpamvu zo kwirema, harimo amahoteli n’izindi nyubako zigenewe imyidagaduro. Ibi byifuzo byose birasaba ikwirakwizwa ry’amazi rizakenera imicungire myiza.

## Amashakiro
Ibibangamira ahantu hahehereye

## Ahantu

Zimwe muri izi mbogamizi, mu birebana n’amazi, zagize ingaruka ku bwinshi n’ubwiza by’amazi aboneka. Imihindagurikire y’ikirere na yo ni impamvu y’iyangirika ry’ibishanga. Kubera igabanuka ry’imvura, imiterere y’amazi y’ahantu hahehereye irabangamiwe.

## Amazi

## Amashakiro
Ingorane z'urwego rw'ingufu

## Ubwikorezi

Hafi 75 ku ijana bya peteroli ivanwa mu mahanga bikoreshwa mu rwego rw’ubwikorezi; muri ubwo buryo, ibiciro by’ubwikorezi birahanitse rwose. Ingorabahizi y’ingufu mu urwego rw’ubwikorezi ni ugutanga icyizere ku mikoreshereze myiza kandi ikwiye y’ibikomoka kuri peteroli. Imikoreshereze myiza ya peteroli iterwa n’ubwoko bw’imodoka, uburyo ubwikorezi bukorwamo n’imikoreshereze y’ubwikorezi buboneye kurusha ubundi mu birebana n’ingufu.

## Ingufu

## Amashakiro
Umuti k'umiterere y'umuriro

## Amashanyarazi

**Kunoza uburyo amashanyarazi abonekamo**: Abashoboraga kubona amashanyarazi mu 2006/7 mu Rwanda bari abaturage 4,7 ku ijana bose hamwe, bakaba bagombaga kwiyongera bakagera kuri 30 ku ijana mu 2020. Hateganyijwe nanone ko ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi ku muturage rizava kuri 30 kWh rikagera kuri100kWh mu 2020 .

## Polikike
**Gushyira mu bikorwa politike irebana n’ingufu**: Intego ya politike y’igihugu mu brebana n’ingufu (ROR 2004) ni ugukemura ingorane zerekeranye n’ingufu no kugeza Abaturarwanda ku iterambere ry’igihugu rirambye.

## Amashakiro
Ibidukikije n'iterambere

## Rwanda

Urwego rw’ingufu rufite uruhare rukomeye mu koroshya imizamukire mu zindi nzego nk’ubuhinzi, za TIC / ICT, ikoranabuhanga, uburezi n’ubuzima, no mu gutanga za serivisizo mu urwego rw’igihugu. - Bityo Guverinoma igamije guha icyizere itangwa ry’ingufu yongera umusaruro iherreye ku masoko menshi (amashanyarazi akomoka ku mazi, gaze méthane, ingufu zitangwa n’izuba, ingufu zikomoka ku binyabuzima n’izikomoka kuri peteroli).

## Iterambere

## Amashakiro
Imishinga y'umuriro mu Rwanda

## Imishinga

Imishinga yerekeranye n’amashanyarazi yambukiranya imipaka ari ngombwa biragaragara mu Rwanda kubera y’uko igihugu kidafite ubushobozi bwo kubona amashanyarazi ashobora gushyigikira iterambere ryifuzwa mu mibereho myiza y’abaturage no mu bukungu.

## Igenamigambi
Igenamigambi ry’imikorere riherutse ku birebana n’ingufu rifite intego yo kongera ubushobozi bw’ingufu hagabanywa ibitakara mu buryo bwa tekiniki kuva kuri 23 kugera kuri 15 ku ijana, n’ibitakara mu rwego rw’ubucuruzi kuva kuri 12 kugera kuri 5 ku ijana mu gihe cy’imikorere ya EDPRS.

## Amashakiro