open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Amafaranga y'u Rwanda

**Amafaranga yu Rwanda**  ( Afite ikimenyetso  cya **FRw**,  cyangwa se RF    ) ni ifaranga ryu Rwanda . rikaba r'igabanyijemo ibice 100. 

## Amateka
Amafaranga yabaye ifaranga ry’u Rwanda kuva muri 1916, mu gihe Ububiligi bwari bwigaruriraga ubukoloni bwahoze bufitwe n'Abadage, naho amafaranga y’Ababiligi ya Kongo asimbura rupie yo mu Budage bw’Uburasirazuba. U Rwanda rwakoreshaga ifaranga rya Kongo Bubiligi kugeza mu 1960, igihe hatangizwaga amafaranga y'u Rwanda n'Uburundi. U Rwanda rwatangiye gutanga amafaranga yarwo muri 1964, nyuma y'imyaka ibiri ibonye ubwigenge.

Icyifuzo cyari icyo kumenyekanisha ifaranga rimwe, nki shitingi rishya ryo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, ku bihugu bitanu bigize Umuryango w’Afurika y'Iburasirazuba. Mu gihe byari biteganijwe ko bizaba mu mpera z'umwaka wa 2012,  gusa guhera muri Werurwe 2023, rizaba ari ifaranga rusange gusa ntiriratangizwa.

## Ibiceri
Muri 1964, ibiceri byatangijwe kumafaranga ni 1, 5 na 10, mu muringa. Mu 1969, hamenyekanye ibiceri bya aluminiyumu ku ifaranga 1 , bikurikirwa na 1970 na  n'amafaranga 2 nayo muri aluminiyumu. Kugabanuka k'umuringa-nikel igiceri 10 cy'amafaranga yatanzwe muri 1974.

Igice cy'umuringa cyari 20 na 50 yatangijwe muri 1977. Urukurikirane rushya rw'ibiceri 1 kugeza kuri 50 rwasohotse muri 2004 (byatangiye muri 2003) kandi igiceri gishya cya bimetalike cy’amafaranga 100 cyatangijwe muri 2008 (byatangiye muri 2007)

* Amafaranga 1 - 98% Aluminiyumu, 2% Manyesiyumu
* Amafaranga 5 - Umuringa
* Amafaranga 10 - Umuringa
* Amafaranga 20 - Nickel - icyuma gisize
* Amafaranga 50 - Icyuma gikozwe muri Nickel
* Amafaranga 100 - Impeta y'icyuma ya Nickel hamwe ni cyuma gikozwe mu muringa.

## Inoti
Muri 1964, inoti z'agateganyo zashyizweho kugira ngo zikoreshwe mu Rwanda (20 kugeza 100)  Ibyo byakurikiranwe n'ibibazo bisanzwe kumafaranga angana kuva muri 1964 kugeza 1976.

Ku ya 7 Gashyantare 2019, Banki nkuru y’u Rwanda yatangaje ko hazashyirwaho inoti nshya ya 500 n’inoti 1.000. Inoti zizaba zifite umutekano mushya hamwe nu bwiza bwo kugabanya Igishushanyo mbonera cy'inoti ya mafaranga 500 ni shyashya rwose, gusa ibara rusange ryahinduwe rihinduka umukara kugirango rifashe gutandukanya inoti 1.000. 

## Igipimo cyi vunjisha cya mateka
Amafaranga y'u Rwanda ku madorari y'Abanyamerika: https://web.archive.org/web/20210109091722/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/rwanda

* 262.20 (1995)
* 393.44 (2000)
* 610 (2005)
* 570 (2010)
* 689 (2014)
* 760 (2016)
* 947 (2020)

## Reba kandi
 

* Ubukungu bw'u Rwanda
* Burundian franc

## Reba
 

## Ihuza ryo hanze
Masaka Creamery

Masaka Creamery Limited n'Isosiyete y'ubucuruzi bukomeye bwo gutunganya amata i Kigali, mu Rwanda ndetse igatanga amahirwe k'urubyiruko yo kubona akazi kubatumva.

## Amateka
Iyi sosiyete  yatangiye imikorere 2016 iherereye muri Kigali mu cyanya cy'inganda i Masoro .  Igenda ikora ibicuruzwa bitandukanye birimo ibikoze mu mata nka yogurt, amata asembuye, cream nshya, amavuta, ghee nibindi bicuruzwa kubana na bakuze.

## Intego zabo
Intego ya Masaka Creamery nugushimisha abakiriya bacu mugukora ibicuruzwa bakunda, hamwe no kwitangira bidasubirwaho indangagaciro zacu. gukora ibicuruzwa byiza by'amata munsi yikirango cya Masaka Farms kuva ku cyicaro cyacu giherereye muri Kigali idasanzwe yubukungu.

## Akazi
Masaka Creamery Ltd ikoresha abakozi 40, abenshi n'urubyiruko rufite ubumuga bwo kutumva. Igiraneza agira ati: "Twiyemeje gukomeza gutanga ibicuruzwa byiza mu gihe dushiraho imirimo ku Rwanda cyane cyane urubyiruko rufite ubumuga bwo kutumva."

## Abakiriya
Iyi sosiyete ikwirakwiza ibicuruzwa byayo ku baguzi mu turere twa Nyagatare, Rwamagana na Kayonza mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba, akarere ka Rubavu mu Ntara y'Iburengerazuba, Rulindo na Musanza mu Ntara y'Amajyaruguru ndetse na Muhanga, Ruhango na Huye mu Ntara y'Amajyepfo.

## Indanganturo
Amafaranga y'u Burundi

**Amafaranga** y'u Burundi, afite code ya  ISO 4217, hamwe na code ni BIF) nifaranga ryu Burundi. Igabanijwe ku izina mu *bice* 100, nubwo ibiceri bitigeze bisohoka mu binyejana kuva u Burundi bwatangira gutanga ifaranga ryabwo. Gusa m'ugihe Uburundi bwakoreshaga amafaranga ry'ububiligi bwa congo ni biceri byatanzwe.

## Amateka
Amafaranga yabaye ifaranga ry’Uburundi kuva muri 1916, igihe Ububiligi bwigarurira icyahoze ari ubukoloni bw’Ubudage bugasimbuza iryo bakoreshaga rya rupie y’Abadage yi burasirazuba ndetse ni faranga bwa Kongo. Uburundi bwakoresheje ifaranga rya Kongo mu Bubiligi kugeza muri 1960, igihe hatangizwaga amafaranga y'u Rwanda n'Uburundi . U Burundi yatangiye gutanga amafaranga yayo muri 1964.

Hariho gahunda yo kwinjiza ifaranga rimwe,  i shitingi rishya ryo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, mu bihugu bitanu bigize Umuryango w’Afurika y'Iburasirazuba guhera mu mpera zo muri 2015. Kuva muri Werurwe 2023, gusa iyi gahunda ntirasohora.

## Ibiceri
Muri 1965, *Banki* y'Ubwami bw'Uburundi yatanze ibiceri 1 by'umuringa. Mu 1968, Banki ya Repubulika y’Uburundi yafashe itangwa ry’ibiceri maze itangiza, ifaranga rya aluminiyumu 1 na 5 na cupro-nikele ryi 10. Amafaranga 5 na 10 afite impande zombi zisa . Ubwoko bwa kabiri bwi biceri 1 na 5 by'amafaranga yatangijwe muri 1976, hagaragaramo ikirango. Muri 2011 hashyizweho ibiceri bishya 10 na 50.

## Inoti
Kuva muri Gashyantare 1964 kugeza ku ya 31 Ukuboza 1965, inoti za Banki yu Rwanda nu  Burundi (Gutanga Banki y'u Rwanda n'Uburundi), mu madini ya 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 na 1.000, zacapishijwe hejuru umwobo wa diagonali "BURUNDI" kugirango ukoreshwe mu gihugu.  Ibyo byakurikiranwe muri 1964 na 1965 n’ibibazo bisanzwe mu madini amwe na Banki yu bwami yu Burundi (Banki y'Ubwami bw'Uburundi).

Muri 1966, inoti y’amafaranga 20 no hejuru yayo yacapishije na Banki ya Repubulika y’Uburundi, maze isimbuza ijambo "Ubwami" na "Repubulika". Ibibazo bisanzwe by'iyi banki byatangiriye mu madorari nka10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1.000 na 5.000. Amafaranga 10 yasimbuwe n’ibiceri muri 1968. Inoti 2000 zashyizweho muri 2001, zikurikirwa n’amafaranga 10,000 muri 2004. Umufotozi Kelly Fajack ishusho yabana b’ishuri mu Burundi yakoreshejwe inyuma y’inoti y’amafaranga 10,000. Muri 2015 u Burundi bwatangije urukurikirane rushya rw'inoti. Inoti ya 10, 20, na 50 franc yatakaje ubuzima gatozi kandi inoti ya mafaranga 100  niyo nyandiko yonyine yavuye murukurikirane rwa kera.

## Igipimo cy'ivunjisha cya mateka
Ku ya 3 Mutarama 2006, amafaranga yari afite agaciro ka 925 ku idorali 1. Ku  2008, amafaranga yari afite agaciro ka 1,129.40 ku madorari y'Abanyamerika. Ku  2009, amafaranga yari afite agaciro ka 1.234.33 ku madorari y'Abanyamerika. Ku ya 10 Nyakanga,  amafaranga yari afite 1.587.60 ku madorari y'Abanyamerika. 

## Reba
Florine Muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba

**Florin** yari ifaranga ry'abakoloni b'Abongereza ndetse hamwe n'abashinzwe kurinda **Afurika y'Iburasirazuba** hagati yo muri 1920 na 1921. Yagabanijwemo amafaranga 100. Yasimbuye ifaranga rya Afurika y'Iburasirazuba kuringaniza, riza risimburwa na Amashiringi yo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba ku gipimo cya shilingi 2 = folorine 1. Folorine yari ihwanye na shilingi 2 muri siterilingi .

## Ibiceri
Kubera igihe gito cyabayeho, bike mu biceri byacapwe byatanzwe kandi ni bike muri iki gihe. Ibiceri byacapishijwe mu madorari ari 1, 5, 10, 25 na 50 na folorine 1 ariko, ukurikije " y’ibiceri by’isi" ibiceri 50 by'amafaranga ntibyarekuwe yo kuzenguruka kandi 30% gusa by'ibiceri 1, 5 na 10 ku ijana byakozwe byatanzwe kugirango bizenguruke.

## Inoti
Ikigo cy’ifaranga ry’Afurika y'Iburasirazuba cyasohoye inoti mu madini ya 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 na 500, inoti zifite agaciro ka florine 10 no hejuru nazo zitwara amapound (1, 2, 5, 10 na 50) ).

## Reba
 

* Imbonerahamwe yimari yimari yisi yose
* Imbonerahamwe yamateka yifaranga agezweho: Kenya
* Imbonerahamwe yamateka yifaranga agezweho: Tanzaniya
* Imbonerahamwe yamateka yifaranga agezweho: Uganda
Rupee muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba

**Ifaranga** rya rupee ryari ifaranga ry’abakoloni b’Uburasirazuba bw’Ubwongereza hamwe n’uburinzi hagati yo muri 1906 no muri 1920. Yagabanijwemo amafaranga 100.

Ifaranga ryasimbuye amafaranga yu Buhinde, yari yarazengurutse mbere. Muri 1920, ifaranga ryongeye kuvugururwa kurwanya siterilingi kugeza ku gipimo cy'ifaranga 1 = amashiringi 2 (folorine 1). Muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, ibyo byakurikijwe muri uwo mwaka no gusimbuza ifaranga na folorine amafaranga yo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba ku buryo bungana hanyuma muri 1921 na Amashiringi yo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba ku mashiringi 2 kuri folorine cyangwa amafaranga.

Ifaranga rirazwi cyane gushiramo igiceri cya mbere cya aluminiyumy ku isi, igiceri cyo muri 1907 ku giceri 1.

## Ibiceri

Ibiceri bya feza byatangijwe ku mafaranga ya 25 na 50 mu mwaka wo muri 1906, bikurikirwa na aluminiyumu 1  na cupro-nikel ibiceri bigera 10 muri 1907, aluminiyumu Igiceri  muri 1908 na cupro-nikel igiceri 5 muri 1913. Cupro-nikel yasimbuye aluminiyumu muri 1909.

## Inoti
Muri 1906, inoti (iya mbere yo muri 1905) yatangijwe na guverinoma ishinzwe kurinda Afurika y'Iburasirazuba mu nka 5, 10, 20, 40, 100 na 500. Muri 1920, Ikigo cy’ifaranga ry’iburasirazuba bwa Afurika cyasohoye inoti 1 mbere gato yuko ifaranga risimburwa.

## Reba
 

* Imbonerahamwe yimari yimari yisi yose
* Imbonerahamwe yamateka yifaranga agezweho: Kenya
* Imbonerahamwe yamateka yifaranga agezweho: Tanzaniya
* Imbonerahamwe yamateka yifaranga agezweho: Uganda
Amashilingi ya Tanzaniya

**Amashiringi** ya Tanzaniya (mu magambo ahinnye: **TSh** cyangwa code **TZS** ) ni ifaranga rya Tanzaniya . Ikaba Igabanijwemo amafaranga 100. Amashiringi ya Tanzaniya yasimbuye amashiringi yo muri Afrika yuburasirazuba ku ya 14 Kamena 1966. 

## Icyitonderwa
Ibiciro cyama shilingi ya Tanzaniya byanditswe muburyo bwa x/y, aho x ari amafaranga ari hejuru ya shilingi 1, mugihe y ari amafaranga. Ikimenyetso kingana na hyphen byerekana umubare wa zero. urugero amafaranga 50 yanditswe angana na shilingi 100. Rimwe na rimwe, impine ya mashilingi ni TSh ishyirwa imbere kugirango bitandukane. Niba umubare wanditse ukoresheje amagambo kimwe numubare, gusa (urugero bandika TSh 10 miliyoni).

Iki gishushanyo cyagereranijwe kuri siterilingi, aho amafaranga yanditswe muburyo bumwe bwa amapawundi (£), amashilingi (s), na amapence (d). Muri iyo nyandiko, amafaranga ari munsi yama pawundi yanditswe gusa muri shilingi na pence.

## Ibiceri

Muri 1966, ibiceri byatangijwe bi menyekana nka -/ , -/ , -/  na -/  na 1/ , hamwe na -/  biri mu muringa, -/  muri nikel-umuringa (umuringa-nikel -zinke) hamwe na - / 50 na 1 / = muri kupro-nikel. Igikombe-nikel 5/  ibiceri byatangijwe muri 1972, bikurikirwa na nikel-y'umuringa -/  muri 1977. Ibi biceri byambere byashyizweho, bikwirakwizwa kuva muri 1966 kugeza muri 1984, ibyo byose byakozwe na Christopher Ironside OBE. 

Muri 1987, icyuma gikozwe muri nikel cyasimbuye igikombe-nikel muri -/  na 1/ , maze hashyirwaho igikombe-nikel 5/  na 10/ iyi biceri, bifite 5/  dekagonale. Muri 1990, hashyizweho nikel yambaye ibyuma 5/ , 10/  na 20/ , hakurikiraho ibiceri bikozwe mu muringa 100/  muri 1993, 50/  muri 1996 na misiri-nikel-zinc 200/  muri 1998.

Ibiceri bikunze  kuzenguruka ni 50/ , 100/ , 200/ , na 500/  . Igiceri 500/  cyatanzwe ku ya 8 Nzeri 2014. 

## Inoti
Ku ya 14 Kamena 1966, Benki Ya Tanzaniya ( Banki ya Tanzaniya ) yazanye inoti ya 5/ , 10/ , 20/  na 100/  . Inoti 5/  yasimbuwe nigiceri mu 1972. Inoti 50/  zatangijwe mu 1985, zikurikirwa na 200/  muri 1986, 500/  muri 1989 na 1,000/  muri 1990. Inoti 10/ , 20/ , 50/  na 100/  zasimbuwe n'ibiceri mu 1987, 1990, 1996 na 1994. 5,000/  na 10,000/  inoti zatangijwe mu 1995, zikurikirwa na 2000 / = muri 2003. Urukurikirane rushya rw'inoti rwasohotse muri 2011. Izi nyandiko nshya zirimo ibintu byinshi byumutekano birinda impimbano.  

### Kugeza ubu

## Reba kandi

* Ubukungu bwa Tanzaniya
* Uganda shilingi
* Shilingi

## Reba
**Inyandiko****Inkomoko**
 

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Urupapuro rwa Banki ya Tanzaniya ku kuzenguruka inoti
* Inoti za Tanzaniya
* https://banknotenews.com/?p=18765
Ibyambu muri Africa

## Ibyambu muri Africa
ubusanzwe ibyambu bifie akamaro kanini mu bihugu biba bihurie kuri ibo byambu kuko byoroshya 
ingendo kubabituye ndetse no mu ingendo z'ubucuruzi kumpande zombi

### Umushinga wo kubaka ibyambu
mu Rwanda hari hatangijwe umushinga wo kubaka ibyambu bihuriyeho nu Turere twose dukora 

ku kiyaga cya Kivu mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ubucuruzi n'ubwikorezi bukorerwa mu mazi ndese

n'ubukerarugendo ku Turere twombi

#### Imbogamizi mu myubakire 'ibyambu

umushinga wo kubaka ibyambu wari watangijwe mu mwaka wa 2018 ufie agaciro ka miliyari  22 za amafaranga yu Rwanda

biteganyijwe ko ibi byambu bizubakwa mu karere ka Rubavu mu murenge wa nyamyumba mu Karere ka Rusizi

ahiitwa Bugiki ndetrse no mu Karere ka karongi ku isoko ryambukiranya imipaka hamwe no mu Karere ka Rutsiro

ahazwi nk mugace bitta Nkora mu gihe ibikorwa byo kubaka ibi byambu bagombaga gusoza mu mpera umwaka

wa 2022 hajemo imbogamizi nyinci bidindiza ubwubatsi nkuko bittangazwa numuyobozi wa RTDA mu Rwanda

avuga ko habayeho ikibazo cy'amikoro abakoze inyigo bakayikabiriza bisaba gusubika ibikorwa by'ubwubatsi

kugirango banononsore inyigo hanyuma hakorwe ijyanye na amikoro si ibyo gusa kandi n'icyorezo cya COVID-19

Cyatumye idindira ryo kubakwa kw'ibyambu ritinda kuko wasangaga hakora abakozi bangana na 30% yabakozi

murwego rwo kubahiriza amabwiriza o kwirinda COVID-19

##### Reba
Ubukerarugendo muri Eritereya

**Ubukerarugendo muri Eritereya** bwari bugizwe na 2% by'ubukungu bwa Eritereya mu mwaka wa 1997. Nyuma y'umwaka wa 1998, amafaranga yavuye mu bukerarugendo yagabanutse ku kigero cya kimwe cya kane mu mwaka wa 1997. Mu mwaka wa 2006 yari munsi ya 1% by'umusaruro rusange w'igihugu.  Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku bukerarugendo ryabaze ko amafaranga yinjira mu bukerarugendo mpuzamahanga mu gihugu mu mwaka wa 2002 yari miliyoni 73 z'amadolari y'Amerika.  Amakuru aturuka mu mwaka wa 2015 avuga ko ba mukerarugendo nyamukuru ari abanya Eritereya baba mu bihugu byamahanga. Hariho kandi abubatsi bake bafite amatsiko basura igihugu. Icyakora, sosiyete y'indege ya Eritereya yitwa Eritrean Airlines, ntiyemerewe gutwara indege mpuzamahanga kubera guhungabanya umutekano kimwe n’ibihano byatumye abashyitsi mpuzamahanga bashingira ku ndege nka Ethiopian Airlines na Turkish Airlines kugira ngo bagere muri iki gihugu. 

Guverinoma yatangije gahunda y’imyaka makumyabiri yo guteza imbere inganda z’ubukerarugendo mu gihugu. Icyakora, iterambere ry’ubukerarugendo ribangamiwe n’amapfa, igitugu cya politiki, ndetse n’intambara . 

## Amashakiro

*
Ikoranabuhanga muri Afica

muri Africa muri rusange ikoranabuhanga riri muri bimwe birimo kwitabwaho kuko ikoranabuhanga

ni kimwe mu byihuisha iterambere haba kugihugu ubwacyo cyanga ku baturage bagituye

## Smart Africa
Inama ya Transform Africa ihuriza hamwe nibura abageraa ku bihumbi bibiri (2000) ikaba kimwe mu bikorwa bikomeye ku mugabane w'Afurika gihuza abayobozi mu rwego rw’Isi n’akarere, baba abaturutse muri za guverinoma, imiryango mpuzamahanga, abakora ubucuruzi bigira hamwe uko abaturage bagendana n’impinduka zizanwa n’ikoranabuhanga no kuriteza Imbere.

Kugeza ubu abarenga  15000 bamaze kwitabira Transform Africa kuva 2013 yatangira, baturutse mu bihugu birenga 1122 bose barajwe inshinga no kugira Afurika igicumbi cy’ikoranabuhanga.

iyi nama ifite intego yo guhindura ikoranabuhanga ishingiro ry'iterambere n'imibereho myiza,
kugeza abantu ku ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga cyane cyane hakoreshejwe umuyoboro mugari w'itumanaho (broadband), gushyira imbere urwego rw’abikorera mu ikoranabuhanga, no kubakira iterambere rirambye ku ikoranabuhanga.

#### Ingamba nshya za Transform Africa 2023
iyi nama kuri ino ncuro izibanda kungingo nyamukuru zijyanye no kureba umuhate ibihugu bya Africa mu kwihutisha

gahunda yo kwimakaza ikoranabuhanga, umwaka wa 2023 ni umwaka wo kugaragazamo ko Africa agize impinduka

mubijyanye no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga,Izasuzumirwamo politiki n’ingamba z’ibihugu bya Afurika mu bijyanye n’ikoreshwa rya internet mu bindi bikoresho (Internet of Things: IoT) guteza imbere ubwenge bw’ubukorano (AI) no kwimakaza ikoreshwa rya za drones n’izindi robots mu mirimo itandukanye.

iyi nama kandi izigirwamo uburyo ibihugu by'Africa byateza imbere gahunda zo gutanga service z'imari hifashishijwe

Ikoranabuhanga, guha imbaraga ubwikorezi bwibanda ku ngufu zitangiza ibidukikije n’izindi serivisi zishyira ku ntego yo kugira Afurika isoko rimwe mu bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga bitarenze mu 2030.

#### Transform Africa mu Rwanda
mu mwaka wa 2019 iyi nama igamije iterambere ry'africa binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga yabereye mu Rwanda aho ari nabwo hagaragayemo kunshuro yambere Robot ya Sophia igeze mu Rwanda aho agaragaje udushya twinci dutandukanyye nko kumwenyura, kwitegereza ikamenya abantu, nibindi.

##### Imbogamizi ku ikoranabuhanga muri Africa
Inama yiga ku guteza ikoranabuhanga imbere muri Africa agaragaje ko hakiri imbogamizi zitari nkeya bagaragaje ko 

hari ibihugu byateye imbere muri Africa ariko hakaba hari nibindi bikiri inyyuma,, aho bavugako hari nkibikorwa bikiddindiye nko guhererekenya amafaranga hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga kuko bihenze cyane,bahamagarira ibihugu by'Africa mu kwigiranaho no gufatanya mugushyiraho Politike zifasha kwihutisha ikoranabuhanga rifite akamaro kanini muguhererekanyya amafaranga na kimwe mubyakoroshya ubucuruzi muri Africa

###### Soma hano
Chop Bar

**Chop bar** ni resitora itunganya ibiryo gakondo iherereye mu gihugu cya Gana   ahanini iherereye mu gace  k'amajyepfo y'igihugu.   Muri gakondo yaba-pidgin bo muri Gana, Ijambo *Chop*, rihabanye kure n'ubusobanuro busanzwe bivuga gukata, ahubwo barikoresha bashaka gusobanura kurya. Rishobora kandi kugira ikindi gisobanuro, ku bijyanye n'amafaranga, bishatse gusobanura gukoresha cyangwa gusesagura. Mu y'andi magambo, Chop bifite igisobanuro cyuko ari ahantu dushobora kurira �chop� [ni ukuvuga kurya]. Kandi rero uhereye kuri ibi byahindutse icyo ntekereza ko aha hantu ari ahantu nyaburanga hakomeye ku muco hakaba ingenzi cyane muri iki gihugu mu kubambatira umuco, kimwe nkuko utubari twa burger ari umwihariko w'Abanyamerika naho amaduka y'amafi na chip ari amaduka y'umwihariko w'Abongereza. Nijeriya niyo ifite inyama zizwi cyane zitwa �suya�, zuzuyemo ubunyobwa bwaho. Amafunguro agaburwa ari mu bikombe by'ibumba byaho kandi ibyo ibiryo nibyo bikunze kuribwa cyane muri ako gacecyangwa ibyo bibanza.  Ahenshi muri utwo tubari haba habitsemo ibinyobwa bisindisha byengewe aho hamwe n’ibinyobwa bike by’amahanga bihari. Ni igishushanyo ndangamuco cya Gana,  kandi gikundwa nabenegihugu.   

## Inkomoko y'izina
Ijambo 'chop' rikomoka ku nshinga isobanura 'kurya' mu rurimi kavukire rwa pidjin yo muri Gana cyangwa bikagira igisobanuro cyo gukatwamo ibice  mu gisobanuro gakondo.  Utubari twa Chop ahanini tugurisha ibiryo kavukire bya Gana nka fufu, banku, konkonte, na omotuo (imiceri izinze) hamwe n'ubwoko butandukanye bw'isupu.

## Reba


## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Video:  akabari kitwa Chop Bar ko muri Gana
Isoko ry'Africa

Ibihugu by'africa bikwiye gushirahamwe muguhagurukira kuyoboka isoko Rusange ribihuje ndetse bagakuraho

inzitizi zose zibangamira ubuhahirane

## Ibigo by'ubucuruzi muri Africa
Inama ngarukamwaka ihuje abayobozi b'ibigo bikomeye by'ubucurizi iriga uko Afurika yarushaho kuba isoko rimwe ku bayituye kandi igakuraho n'inzitizi zikibangamiye ubucuruzi bwayo.
Ubukerarugendo muri Etiyopiya

Ubukerarugendo muri Etiyopiya bwagize 5.5% by'umusaruro rusange w'igihugu (GDP) mu mwaka wa 2006, wiyongereyeho 2% ugereranije n'umwaka ushize. Guverinoma yerekana umuhigo yahize wo guteza imbere ubukerarugendo binyuze mu bikorwa byinshi. Ubukerarugendo ni kimwe mu bigize gahunda yo kugabanya ubukene bwa Etiyopiya (PRSP), igamije kurwanya ubukene no guteza imbere ubukungu.

## Incamake

Ahantu nyaburanga hashobora kuba harimo Icyegeranyo cya Etiyopiya cya parike yigihugu (harimo na Parike y’igihugu ya Semien ), hamwe n’ahantu h’amateka, nko mu mijyi ya Axum, Lalibela na Gondar, umujyi wa Harar Jugol ukikijwe n'inkike, Umusigiti wa Negash, muri Negash na Sof Omar .

Iterambere mu myaka ya za 1960, ubukerarugendo bwaragabanutse cyane mu myaka ya za 1970 na 1980 munsi ya Derg .Isubiranamo ryatangiye mu myaka ya za 90, ariko iterambere ryabujijwe no kubura amahoteri akwiye ndetse n’ibindi bikorwa remezo, nubwo hagenda hagaragara iyubakwa ry’amahoteri mato mato, amahoteri yisumbuyeho na resitora, ndetse n’ingaruka z’amapfa n’ihungabana rya politiki. 

Kimwe mu bintu bitera imbaraga n'ubwiyongera bw'ubucyerarugendo bw’ibidukikije, hamwe nubushobozi bukomeye bwo kwaguka muri Etiyopiya. Biteganijwe ko kugurisha ibicuruzwa byingendo bizakomeza kwiyongera, byerekana ko byiyongereyeho 7% muri mwaka wa 2006 kandi byari byarateganijwe ko mu mwaka wa 2007 biziyongeraho 5%. Igurishwa riterwa ahanini no kwagura inyungu mubikoresho by'ubucyerarugendo bw’ibidukikije, harimo ingendo zo kwidagadura, gukora ingendo zakure namaguru  hamwe na safari ugenda winjiza amafaranga menshi mubakoresha ingendo.

## Inzu ndangamurage z'isi
Etiyopiya ifite ahantu 9 h'umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe uburezi, ubumenyi n’umuco  (UNESCO) ndangamurage ku isi : 

* Amatongo ya Aksum
* Amatorero yo mu rutare-Hewn i Lalibela
* Fasil Ghebbi, Akarere ka Gondar
* Harar Jugol, Umujyi W'amateka
* Umuco wa Konso
* Ikibaya cyo hepfo cya Awash
* Ikibaya cyo hepfo ya Omo
* Tiya
* Pariki ya Simien

## Ikinyagihumbi

Ku ya 12 Nzeri 2007 niho hatangiye umwaka wa 2000 muri kalendari ya Etiyopiya .  Minisiteri y’umuco n’ubukerarugendo yishora mu mpaka zishingiye ku marushanwa y’ubwiza mu rwego rwo kwizihiza Ikinyagihumbi cya Etiyopiya. Bavuga ko minisiteri yananiwe kwishyura serivisi zamamaza ziva mu isosiyete ikorera mu Bwongereza muri Millenium Miliyoni,      

## Reba kandi

* Minisiteri y’umuco n’ubukerarugendo (Etiyopiya)
* Urutonde rw'umurage w'isi muri Etiyopiya
* Ibiruhuko rusange muri Etiyopiya

## Amashakiro
Ubukerarugendo muri Gabon

**Ubukerarugendo muri Gabon** ntabwo bwateye imbere.  Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, ibyiza nyaburanga birimo inyanja, ibiyaga hamwe n’uburobyi bw’imbere mu gihugu, kugwa ku ruzi rwa Ogooué, n’imisozi ya Crystal .  Ba mukerarugendo baza kandi baje kureba ibitaro bizwi byashinzwe na Dr. Albert Schweitzer i Lambaréné .  Guhiga biremewe mu bice byihariye mu gihe cy'ukuboza kugeza Nzeri. 

## Amateka
Kugeza uba, ubukerarugendo bwarirengagijwe, busimburwa no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze nk'amavuta n'ibiti.  Mu mwaka wa 2000,  guverinoma ya Gabon yakoze ibishoboka byose ngo iteze imbere urwego rutezimbere ubukerarugendo buhebuje kandi bwiza, nk'urugendo rw’ibihuru cyangwa ingendo za safari.  Ukwezi k'ukuboza gushize, impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu bukerarugendo yatangijwe muri kaminuza ya Libreville . Gusa ikintu kibuza Gabon gutsinda ni ruswa. Igitabo cyitwa Guardian Book of Statistics cyerekana Gabon nka kimwe mu bihugu byangiritse ku isi. 

Ku ya 4 Nzeri 2002, perezida wa Gabon, Omar Bongo, yatangaje ko igihugu cye kizashyira ku ruhande 10% by'ubutaka bwa gahunda ya parike y'igihugu.  Mbere, ntabwo yari ifite gahunda ya parike yigihugu, ikorana na societe yo kubungabunga inyamanswa kubibazo byo kubungabunga ibidukikije.  Kugeza ubu, sisitemu igizwe na mayiro kare 10,000 (kilometero 26,000), yarengewe na Costa Rica gusa ku ijanisha ry'ubutaka, nubwo kubwa nyuma ubuso bwo kubungabunga ari buto cyane.  Izi pariki nshya zirimo gutegurwa hagamijwe kubungabunga ibidukikije, nkuburyo bwubukungu bwo gukoresha amashyamba ya Gabon.  Uyu mushinga washimiwe na Dr. Steven Sanderson, perezida akaba n’umuyobozi mukuru w’umuryango w’ibungabunga ry’ibinyabuzima, nka kimwe mu bikorwa by’ubutwari mu myaka 20 ishize." 

## Ibikurura

### Parike z'igihugu

Parike 13 za Gabon ziva mu turere two ku nkombe z’inyanja, aho imvubu z'ikinira ku nkombe zidakorwaho, kugeza aho amashyamba atuwe n’ingagi za "naive". 

## Imibare
Mu mwaka wa 2000, bari bafite ibyumba bya hoteri bigera ku 2,450.  Muri uwo mwaka, ba mukerarugendo bagera ku 155,000 nibo bahageze, kandi amafaranga yinjiye aturutse mubakerarugendo agera kuri miliyoni 7 z'amadorari y'amanyamerika.  Umwaka wabanjije, abanyamahanga 120,000 nibo bageze mu igihugu, aho 1% aribo bonyine baje mu bukerarugendo,  kandi byari hagati ya kimwe na bitatu ku ijana bya GDP (Umusaruro rusange w’imbere mu Gihugu).  Umushyitsi asabwa kugira pasiporo na viza, mugihe baturuka mubufaransa, Ubudage, cyangwa ibihugu byinshi bya Afrika.  Bagomba kandi gutanga ibimenyetso byerekana urukingo rw'irwara yo mubwoko bw'ibicurani bwitwa (Yellow fever) .  Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga ya Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika yavuze ko impuzandengo ya buri munsi yo kuguma mu murwa mukuru wa Gabon wa Libreville ari madolari 182 y'amanyamerika  ku munsi guhera mu mwaka wa 2002, amafaranga yakoreshejwe ahandi mu gihugu akaba ari amadorari 70 y'amanyamerika ku munsi. 

## Amashakiro
AB Aviation (Sosiyete y'indege)

**AB Aviation** yari sosiyete y'indege yigenga yo mukarere kandi nini muri Comoros  ifite icyicaro gikuru kandi ikorera ku kibuga cyindege mpuzamahanga cya Prince Said Ibrahim . 

## Amateka
Ku ya 19 Werurwe 2022, indege za gisivili za Comorian zambuye icyemezo cy’umukoresha w’indege wa AB Aviation, gihagarika ibikorwa byose.  

## Icyerekezo

Guhera mu mwaka wa 2018 mu kwezi kwa Kanama, sosiyete ya AB Aviation yakoze ingendo zitandukanye muri  ibibice bikurikira: 

; Comoros

* Anjouan - Ikibuga cy'indege cya Ouani
* Moheli - Ikibuga cya Mohéli Bandar Es Eslam
* Moroni - Igikomangoma Said Ibrahim

; Ubufaransa (Mayotte)

* Dzaoudzi - Ikibuga mpuzamahanga cya Dzaoudzi - Pamandzi

; Tanzaniya

* Dar es Salaam - Ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Julius Nyerere

## Ubwato
Kuva mu mwaka wa 2019 mu kwezi kwa Kamena, amato y’indege yarimo indege zikurikira: 

* 1 Embraer ERJ 145
* 3 Embraer EMB 120

## Impanuka n'ibyabaye

* Ku ya 26 z'ukwezi kwa Gashyantare umwaka wa 2022, indege ya Cessna 208 Caravan ikora ingendo 1103 yakoze impanuka mu birometero 2'5 uvuye ku kibuga cy'indege cya Mohéli kugera mu nyanja. Abari mu ndege bose uko ari 14 barapfuye.   

## Reba kandi

* Urutonde rw'indege zahagaritswe za Comoros

## Amashakiro

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Urubuga rwemewe
Aero Africa (Sosiyete y'indege)

**Sosiyete y'indege ya Aero Afrika** yari  indege ya charter ifite icyicaro muri Swaziland . Sosiyete y'indege yari ku rutonde rw'abatwara indege zabujijwe mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi .

## Ubwato
Amato ya sosiyete ya Aero Africa yari agizwe n'indege zikurikira ( mu mwaka wa 2012 mu kwezi kwa Mutarama tariki 28) ari zo: 

* 1 Boeing 727-100
* 1 Boeing 737-200 (ikoreshwa kuri Toumaï Air Tchad )
* 2 McDonnell-Douglas DC-10

Impuzandengo y'imyaka ya sosiyete ya Aero Africa y'amato yari 40.7. 

## Amashakiro
Aero Benin (Sosiyete y'indege n'amato)

**Aero Benin** yari sosiyete y'indege, ifite icyicaro muri Bénin ariko yandikwa mu Budage, ikora ibicuruzwa byo ku butaka no mu nyanja ndetse na serivisi zitwara abagenzi.  Guhera kuri tariki ya 8 ukwezi kwa Mata mu mwaka wa 2009 birabujijwe mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi  kandi guhera muri Nyakanga 2012, ntigikora. 

## Amato
Aero Benin bigaragara ko idafite amato yayo bwite,  ahubwo basangiye kode n'indege ya Boeing 727 (n'indege ya Boeing 737 yo kugenda hagati ya N'Djamena na Cotonou) 

## Amerekezo
Aero Benin yagurutse inzira zikurikira:  

* Brazzaville 

* Cotonou
* Johannesburg
* Libreville
* N'Djamena

* Cotonou 

* Libreville
* Brazzaville
* Senou

* Johannesburg 

* Brazzaville

* Libreville 

* Brazzaville
* Cotonou

* N'Djamena 

* Cotonou

* Senou 

* Cotonou

## Amashakiro
Aero Tropical (Sosiyete y'ubwikorezi bw'abantu n'ibintu)

**Aero Tropical**, izwi kandi ku izina rya **Air Tropical**, yari sosiyete y'indege ikorera muri Angola . Yashinzwe mu mwaka wa 1996 ihagarika ibikorwa mu mwaka wa 1999. 

## Impanuka n'ibyabaye

* Tariki 27 z'ukwezi kwa Gashyantare mu mwaka wa 1996 saa 05:40 ku isaha yaho, indege y'imizigo ya Aero Tropical Antonov An-12 ( yanditswe na ER-ACE)  yakoze impanuka mu buryo butumvikana bwamayobera ku Kibuga cy'indege cya Lucapa nyuma yaho yarikurikiye indege yarivuye i Luanda. Abantu umunani bose bari mu ndege barapfuye. 

## Amashakiro
Aero Zambia (Sosiyete y'ubwikorezi n'abantu)

**Aero Zambia** yari sosiyete y'indege ikorera muri Zambiya. Aero Zambia yasimbuye Zambia Airways yari yarahombye kandi yemererwa kuba umunyamuryango wuzuye wa IATA (Ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga ryo gutwara abantu n'ibintu mu kirere) ku itariki 11 Mata 1996. Sosiyete y'indege yakoresheje abakozi 300 yakoreraga mu byerekezo birimo i Lusaka yerekeza i Johannesburg, Ndola, Nairobi, Harare na Dar es Salaam.  Batangaga serivisi zikubiye mu byiciro bitanukanye birimo icyiciro cy'ubucuruzi n'icyiciro cy'ubukungu. Aero Zambia yakoreshaga indege ebyiri zo mu bwoko bwa Boeing 737-200s, 9J-AFU na 9J-AFW yo ikaba yari verisiyo ikomatanyije. 

## Amateka
Iyi sosiyete y'indege yashinzwe mu mwaka wa 1996. Ku itariki ya 19 Mutarama 2000, Guverinoma ya Zambiya yarayihagaritse kubera impungenge z'umutekano. Impamvu nyamukuru nuko haraho byari bihuriye na politike hagati ya David Tokoph n'abayobozi ba guverinoma ya Zambiya. 

## Amato

Amato ya Aero Zambiya yari agizwe n'indege zikurikira:

* 5 Boeing 737-200
* 1 Boeing 707

## Amashakiro
Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro mu Rwanda

**Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro mu Rwanda** bugizwe N'amabuye y'agaciro nka tin, tantalum, na tungsten. Mu mwaka wa 2020, u Rwanda rwinjije amadolari ya Amerika miliyoni 733 avuye mu bicukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro yoherezwa mu mahanga, byatumye ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ari bwo bukomera mukwinjiza amafaranga menshi mu bucuruzi nyuma y'ubukerarugendo.

Mu mwaka wa 2019, iki gihugu cyari icya 7 ku isi hose mu bihugu bitanga tungsten  kandi kikaba icya 12 ku isi hose mu bihugu bitanga tin. 

## Amabuye y'agaciro acukurwa

:* Cassiterite (kasegereti) yari afite umusaruro mwinshi n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byari toni zigera ku 3,874 zifite agaciro ka miliyoni 42,2 by'amadolari ya Amerika mu mwaka wa 2010 (habayeho ukamanuka kwa toni 4,269 mu mwaka wa 2009);

:* Yakurikiwe na coltan ifite toni 749 mu mwaka wa 2010 ifite agaciro ka miliyoni 18,48 z'amadolari ya Amerika (toni 949 mu mwaka wa 2009), na wolfram (ubutare bwa tungsten) hamwe na toni 843 mu mwaka wa 2010 zifite agaciro ka miliyoni 7,1 z'amadolari ya Amerika, zikamanuka kuri toni 874 mu mwaka wa 2009.

:* U Rwanda rutunganya hafi 9% ya tantalum ku isi, ikoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, hamwe na 4% bya tungsten ku isi. 

Mu kwezi ku Kwakira mu mwaka wa 2012, Minisiteri y’Umutungo Kamere w’u Rwanda yahagaritse ibikorwa by’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y'agaciro mu ntara y’iburengerazuba bw’igihugu hashingiwe ko babangamiye uruzi rwa Sebeya . Iki cyemezo cyakemuwe nabi bitewe n’amasosiyete y'ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y'agaciro yatakaje umusaruro ndetse no gutakaza akazi ibihumbi n’ibihumbi ku bakozi bakora mu birombe. 

## Amashakiro
Minisiteri y'Imari n'Igenamigambi ry'Ubukungu mu Rwanda

**Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi ry’Ubukungu** ( **MINECOFIN**, ni minisiteri ya leta ya Repubulika y'u Rwanda ; Minisitiri w’imari n’igenamigambi muri iki gihe ni Dr. Ndagijimana Uzziel . Minisiteri iherereye mu karere ka Nyarugenge mu mujyi wa Kigali, hafi y'umujyi rwagati. 

## Ibikorwa
Mu nshingano za Minisiteri harimo gutegura no kwerekana ingengo y’igihugu ; gucunga ikigega cya Leta na Banki nkuru y’u Rwanda ; igenamigambi ry'ubukungu bw'igihugu .

Inzego za Minisiteri zirimo Ishuri ry’Imari n’amabanki i Kigali hamwe n’ikigo gishinzwe imisoro n'amahoro mu Rwanda .

Ibiro bishinzwe umubano rusange wa minisiteri bitangaza amakuru, ikinyamakuru Minecofin.

## Abaminisitiri b'Imari

* Gaspard Cyimana, Ukwakira 1960 - Kamena 1968 
* Fidèle Nzanana, Kamena 1968 - Gashyantare 1972 
* Bonaventure Ntibitura, Nyakanga 1973 - Kanama 1973 
* Jean-Chrysostome Nduhungirehe, Kanama 1973 - Kamena 1975 
* Denys Ntirugirimbabazi, Kamena 1975 - Werurwe 1981 
* Jean-Damascene Hategikimana, Werurwe 1981 - Mata 1987 
* Vincent Ruhamanya, Mata 1987 - Mutarama 1989 
* Bénoit Ntigurirwa, Mutarama 1989 - Ukuboza 1991 
* Enoki Ruhigira, Ukuboza 1991 - Mata 1992 
* Marc Rugenera, Mata 1992 - Mata 1994 
* Emmanuel Ndindabahizi, Mata 1994 - Nyakanga 1994 
* Marc Rugenera, 1994 - 1997 
* Jean-Berchmans Birara, 1997 
* Donald Kaberuka, 1997 - 2005 
* Manasseh Nshuti, 2005 - 2006 
* James Musoni, 2006 - 2009 
* John Rwagoster, 2009 - 2013 
* Claver Gatete, 2013 - 2018 
* Uzziel Ndagijimana, 2018 - 

## Amashakiro
Kongere y’ubumwe bw’abakozi muri Afurika

**Kongere y’ubumwe bw’abakozi muri Afurika** (ATUC) yari ikigo cy’ubumwe bw’abakozi muri Rhodesia (nyuma Zimbabwe ).  Kongere y’ubumwe bw’abakozi muri Afurika yari ihagarariye abakozi b'Abirabura, kandi yarwanyaga gahunda y'ubutegetsi bw'abazungu bake muri Rhodesia. 

ATUC yashinzwe mu  mwaka wa 1962 nka **Kongere y’ubumwe bw’abakozi bo muri Afurika y’Amajyepfo ya Rodeziya** (SRATUC), itandukanyirizo rya Kongere y’abakozi bo mu majyepfo ya Rodeziya (SRTUC).   Ubumwe bushya bwari buyobowe na Josiah Maluleke wahoze ari umunyamabanga mukuru wa SRTUC.   SRATUC yakiriye ishyirahamwe rya kera nyuma y'umwaka wo mu 1963, hamwe n’umuryango uhuriweho wafashe izina rya Kongere y’ubumwe bw’abakozi muri Afurika.  Nyuma yo gutandukana mu mitwe y’Abanyafurika baharanira inyungu z’abenegihugu mu mwaka wa 1963, byatumye Umuryango w’Afurika Yunze ubumwe wa Zimbabwe (ZANU) utandukana n’umuryango w’abaturage ba zimbabwe (ZAPU), Kongere y’ubumwe bw’abakozi muri Afurika (ATUC) ihuzwa na Umuryango w’Afurika Yunze ubumwe wa Zimbabwe (ZANU).  ATUC yari ifitanye isano n’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’abakozi muri Afurika .  

Bivugwa ko ATUC yarifite amahuriro icyenda yarashamikiyeho hagati yo mu myaka ya 1960, hamwe n’abanyamuryango bose hamwe 29,198 (36 ku ijana by’abanyamuryango b’amashyirahamwe y’abakozi mu gihugu). Ihuriro rinini cyane ryunze ubumwe ni ihuriro ry’abakozi ba gari ya moshi muri Afurika (RAWU), ryari rifite abanyamuryango bagera ku 16,000.

Mu mwaka wa1981, ATUC yinjiye muri Kongere y'amashyirahamwe y'abakozi muri Zimbabwe. 

 Twe nk'urugaga rw'abakozi twiteguye rwose gushyira imbaraga zacu mu ntambara yo guharanira inyungu z'abenegihugu - hanyuma ya byose, twese turashaka gukuraho guverinoma iriho ubu, ariko turashaka kubikora nk'abakozi, hamwe n'umuryango wacu. Erega nyuma y'ubwigenge ishyaka rizaba guverinoma kandi rizahangayikishwa cyane na guverinoma iyo ari yo yose yo kongera umusaruro kugira ngo igihugu kiteze imbere. Ibi birashobora kubaho bitwaye umushahara w'abakozi n'imibereho rusange. Noneho turashaka ko umuryango wacu urengera imyanya yacu n'uburenganzira bwacu; niba twe, noneho turi ukuboko kwishyaka twe nkabakozi tuzaba tutagira kirengera. 

**Josiah Maluleke,** *Uruhare rwa politiki rw'amashyirahamwe y'abakozi muri Rhodesia*

## Amashakiro
Carnivore (resitora)

**Carnivore** ni resitora ifunguye iherereye mu mujyi wa Langata mu murwa mukuru wa Nairobi, mu gihugu cya Kenya. Umwihariko wa resitora Carnivore ni inyama, kandi bahita bagaragaza uburyo bwose ushobora kurya inyama ziteguwe mu buryo butandukanye. Batanga inyama zitandukanye kandi bazwi cyane kubera umwihariko wabo werekeranye n'inyama z'ishyamba kugeza igihe Kenya yashyizeho itegeko ribuza kugurisha inyama zikomokamu ishyamba mu mwaka wa 2004.  Ariko haracyari ahantu nyaburanga hasurwa na bamukerarugendo. 

## Amateka
Mu mwaka wa 1999, resitora yari ifite imyanya yicaramo abantu 350 naho yari ifite abakozi bakora muri resitora bangana nka 330 bashoboraga kuba bakorera abantu barenga 1000 ku munsi.  Parike, yari igizwe n'inyamanswa zirimo gasumbashyamba, isha, otirishe, n'ingona, wazamuwe kuri Hopcraft Ranch, hafi  hanze ya Nairobi.  Kuva kugurisha inyama z'ishyamba byaba ibintu bibujijwe muri Kenya mu mwaka wa 2004, resitora itanga inyama zo mu rugo nk'inka, inyama z'ingurube, intama, n'inkoko, hamwe n'inyoni zororerwa hamwe n'inyama z'ingona .  Inyama zometse ku nkota ya Maasai, zitekwa ku makara, hanyuma zigashyirwa ku masahani.  Ifite uburyo bwo kurya ibikomoka ku bimera.  Yashyizwe ku mwanya wa 47 ku rutonde rwateguwe n*'ikinyamakuru* kivuga ibyerekeranye n'amaResitora, aho cyatangazaga urutonde rwa resitora 50 nziza ku isi" mu mwaka wa 2003.  

## Simba Saloon
Hano hari akabyiniro k'ijoro kitwa "Simba Saloon" nijoro gafite ubushobozi bwo kwakira abantu bangana na 2500,  hamwe n'ibikoresho byo kwifashishwa bakoresha murandasi, ikibuga cyo gukiniramo, n'utubari dutandatu.  Restaurant ikora ibitaramo birimo abahanzi baho. Abahanzi mpuzamahanga nka Shaggy, Tevin Campbell, TOK, na Sean Paul nabo bakoreyeyo ibitaramo. muri iyo salo mu mwaka wa 2004 hapfiriye abantu 3.  Resitora izwi cyane ku muteguro w'ijoro rifite insanganyamatsiko zirimo injyana ishaje, injyana ya roke n'amajoro y'ubugingo ibi bikaba bishimisha abanyakenya benshi.

## Itsinda rya Tamarind
Carnivore ifitwe byemewe n'amategeko na Martin Dunford  wo mu itsinda rya Tamarind. Yafunguwe mu mwaka wa 1980 ifungurwa na Dunford, umugore we, hamwe n'itsinda ry'abafatanyabikorwa.  Dunford yafunguye resitora Carnivore, abikurije ku gitekerezo cya Rodízio cyerekeranye n'amazu ya churrascaria yo muri Berezile.  Itsinda rya Tamarind rikoresha resitora y’inyanja ya Tamarind i Mombasa na Nairobi. Hariho kandi resitora isa na Carnivore, ifitwe n'abantu bamwe, mu nkengero za Johannesburg, muri Afrika yepfo,  ndetse na i Cairo, muri Egiputa. 

## Ikarita

## Reba


## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Official website
* h2g2 article
Ihuriro ry’ibiribwa n’ubuhinzi n’ubumwe bw’abakozi

**Ihuriro ry’ibiribwa n’ubuhinzi n’ubumwe bw’abakozi** ( **AFADWU** ) ni ihuriro ry’abakozi rihagarariye abakozi batunganya ibiribwa muri Afurika yepfo .

Ihuriro ryashinzwe mu mwaka wa 2016 nyuma yo kwirukana ingabo z’abayobozi b’abakozi, ibisonga by’amaduka n’abayobozi n’ishyirahamwe ry’ibiribwa n’abakozi (FAWU).  FAWU kandi yanze kuva muri Kongere y’amashyirahamwe y’abakozi bo muri Afurika yepfo (COSATU). 

AFADWU ni ishyirahamwe ry'abakozi rifite intego nyamukuru yo guhuza umubano hagati y abakozi n’abakoresha, harimo n’amashyirahamwe y'abakoresha. Ku ya 17 Mata 2018, AFADWU yiyandikishije mu Ishami rishinzwe umurimo n'abakozi mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko agenga imibanire y'abakozi No 66 yo mu 1995 nk'uko ryavuguruwe.

Mu mwaka wa 2018, AFADWU yemerewe kuba ishami rya COSATU . 

## Ubuyobozi

### 2020 (Abakozi bo muri iki gihe)

#### Abafite ibiro by'igihugu muri iki gihe

#### Abanyamabanga b'Intara
Uburasirazuba bwa Cape: Victor Mbaza | Leta y'Ubuntu: Thulani Klass | Gauteng: Lucas Mbambo | KwaZulu-Natal: Mtokhona Ngcobo | Limpopo: Jan Maifala | Mpumalanga: Elias Mgwenya | Uburengerazuba bwa Cape: Michael Helu 

### 2018 (Abakozi bo mu biro byabanje)

#### Abafite ibiro byigihugu mbere

## Ubukangurambaga
**Gura ubukangurambaga bwaho**

AFADWU, Umuryango wa FairPlay, Ishema ryo muri Afurika y'epfo n’andi mashyirahamwe y’abakozi batangije ubukangurambaga bugamije guteza imbere ikoreshwa ry’inkoko.  

## Amashakiro
Ubukerarugendo muri Gambiya

Inganda z’ubukerarugendo uyu munsi muri Gambiya zatangiye igihe ibirori by’abakerarugendo 300 bo muri Suwede bahageraga mu mwaka wa 1965.  Urwo rugendo rw'ubupayiniya rwateguwe numu Suwede witwa Bertil Harding afatanije n'abashinzwe ingendo Vingresor. Byagaragaye nk'ahantu heza ho guhungira amezi akaze ya Scandinaviya aho Abanyaburayi batishimiraga gusa izuba, umucanga n’inyanja ahubwo bakanezerwa no kumenyera umunsi mukuru ny'afurika. Yatanze kandi ikiruhuko gishya kugirango umubare w’abanyaburayi batembera wiyongere.

Umubare w’abashyitsi wariyongereye uva kuri ba mukerarugendo 300 mu mwaka wa 1965 ugera ku 25,000 mu mwaka wa 1976.  Umubare wa ba mukerarugendo wakomeje kwiyongera cyane mu myaka yashize, kandi kubera ko guverinoma ishishikajwe no gutandukanya ubukungu, yemeje ko ubukerarugendo ari isoko ry’amafaranga yinjira mu mahanga. Nubwo, kwiyongera kwamamare nkahantu nyaburanga, iterambere ryibikorwa remezo ryatinze.

## Ahantu hazwi mu gukurura bamukera rugendo

### Banjul
Banjul, umurwa mukuru wa Gambiya, ni agace gakunzwe na ba mukerarugendo. Abatuye uyu mujyi ni 34,828 gusa, hamwe n'agace k**’**akarere ka Banjul kanini, karimo Umujyi wa Banjul n’inama Njyanama y’Umujyi wa Kanifing, utuwe n’abaturage 357,238 (Ibarura mu mwaka wa 2003). Iherereye ku kirwa cya St Mary (Ikirwa cya Banjul) aho uruzi rwa Gambiya rwinjira mu nyanja ya Atalantika . Ikirwa cyahujwe n’umugabane wa gari ya moshi zitwara abagenzi n’imodoka mu majyaruguru n’ibiraro mu majyepfo. Banjul iherereye kuri 13 ° 28' mu majyaruguru, 16 ° 36' mu burengerazuba (13.4667, -16.60). 

### Jufureh
Jufureh, Juffureh, cyangwa Juffure ni umujyi wo muri Gambiya ukunzwe na ba mukerarugendo, ureshya nka kilometero 30 imbere ku nkombe y'amajyaruguru y'Uruzi rwa Gambiya mu gice cya Banki y'Amajyaruguru. Bivugwa ko ariho hashyizweho igitabo cyitwa Imizi: Saga y'umuryango w'abanyamerika. Ni inzu ndangamurage kandi iri hafi y'ikirwa cya James. Umuryango uvuga ko ukomoka kuri Kunta Kinte uracyaba hano. 

### Ikidendezi '''cy'ingona''' cya Kachikally

**Ikidendezi cy'ingona cya Kachikally** giherereye hagati ya Bakau nko mu bilometero 10 (kilometero 16) uvuye mu murwa mukuru Banjul . Nimwe mubidendezi bitatu byingona byera bikoreshwa nkibibanza by'imihango y'uburumbuke.  Abandi ni Folonko muri Kombo y'Amajyepfo na Berending ku nkombe y'amajyaruguru.

### Janjanbureh

Janjanbureh cyangwa Jangjangbureh ni umujyi washinzwe mu mwaka wa 1732, ku kirwa cya Janjanbureh mu ruzi rwa Gambiya mu burasirazuba bwa Gambiya. Yahoze yitwa Georgetown kandi yari iya kabiri mu gihugu. Ubu ni umurwa mukuru w'igice cyo hagati cy'Uruzi rwagati kandi uzwi cyane nk'urugo rwa gereza nkuru ya Gambiya. Uruziga rw'amabuye rwa Wassu rungana nka kilometero 22 mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bwa Lamin Koto, ku nkombe y'amajyaruguru hakurya ya Janjanbureh. Ni kamwe mu turere dukunzwe cyane muri Gambiya. 

## Amashakiro
Ubukerarugendo muri Cote d'Ivoire

**Inganda z’ubukerarugendo** za Cote d'Ivoire zateye imbere cyane kuva mu ntangiriro ya za 70. Igihugu cyari gifite ibitanda 11,374 mu byumba bya hoteri 7,786 ku igipimo cya 70% mu mwaka wa 1997. Mu mwaka wa 1998, hari ba mukerarugendo bagera ku 301,039, barimo abarenga 73,000 baturutse mu (Ubudage), Ubufaransa n'Ubwongereza. Inyanja, imidugudu y'ubukerarugendo, hamwe n’amafoto ya safari binyuze mu kubungabunga inyamaswa ni bimwe mu bikurura abantu.

Icyangobwa cy'inzira kirakenewe ku ngendo zijya muri Cote d'Ivoire. Viza ntisabwa kubamara iminsi itarenze 91,  nanone icyemezo cyo gukingira irwara yo mu bwoko bw'ibicurani yitwa Yellow fever gisabwa abashitsi bose babanyamahanga basura kino gihugu. Mu mwaka wa 2002, Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga ya Amerika yagereranije igiciro cyo kuguma muri Abidjan ku madolari 160 y'amanyamerika ku munsi, ugereranije na Yamoussoukro ku madolari 98 y'amanyamerika.

## Amashakiro
COGEBANQUE

**Compagnie Générale de Banque** ( **Cogebanque** ), rimwe na rimwe bita **Cogebank**, ni banki y’ubucuruzi yo mu Rwanda. Iyi banki ni imwe mu mabanki y’ubucuruzi ari muri Repubulika y’u Rwanda, abiherewe uruhushya na Banki nkuru y’u Rwanda, ariyo mugenzuzi w’amabanki mu gihugu. 

## Incamake
Kugeza mu Kuboza 2014, umutungo wose wa banki wari ufite agaciro karenga miliyoni 192.2 z'amadorali y'amerika  ( miliyari 134 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda), imigabane y’abanyamigabane ifite agaciro ka miliyoni 19.65 z'amadorali y'amerika ( miliyari 13.7 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda)

## Amateka
Cogebanque yashinzwe muri Nyakanga 1999 n'abashoramari bo mu Rwanda bagera kuri mirongo ine na babiri. Muri icyo gihe, isosiyete y’ubwishingizi Compagnie Générale d'Assurance et de Reassurance, yari umunyamigabane munini, ufite hafi 34%. Mu ntangiriro, banki yibanze ku mishinga mito n'iciriritse (SMEs), ubuhinzi n'inganda za serivisi.  Muri 2008, abashoramari batatu bashya bari mpuzamahanga bishyuye miliyoni 6 z'amadorali y'amerika kuri 40% bagira imigabanye Ownership muri banki. Abashoramari bashya barimo: (a) ShoreCap International (SCI) ya Chicago, Illinois, Amerika; (b) Isosiyete y'ishoramari yo mu Bubiligi mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere (BIO) na (c) AfricaInvest, ni sosiyete ishora imari ikorera muri Tuniziya . Ubu bucuruzi bwatangiye muri 2008, bwarangiye mu ntangiriro ya za 2010. Abashoramari bo mu Rwanda bambere bagumana imigabane 60% muri banki ivuguruye. 

## Umuyoboro w'ishami
Kuva muri Werurwe 2015, Cogebanque yakomeje amashami ahantu hakurikira: 

# Icyicaro gikuru cya Cogebanque - Inzu ya Centenary, KN 4 Avenue, Kigali
# Ishami rya Rond-Point - Inyubako yubucuruzi ya BIB, KN 1 Ruzenguruka, Kigali
# Ishami rya Rubangura - Inzu ya Rubangura, KN 2 Umuhanda, Kigali
# Ishami rya Nyabugogo - Inyubako ya Chez Manu, Umuhanda KN 1, Kigali
# Ishami rya Nyarutarama - Centre ya MTN, KG 9 Avenue, Kigali
# Ishami rya Gisozi - Inzu ya Mugenzi, KG 33 Avenue, Gisozi, Kigali
# Ishami rya Remera - Inyubako ya Nyiransengimana Justine, KG 11 Avenue, Kigali
# Ishami rya Kicukiro - Inzu y'imbere, Kigali
# Ishami rya Rwamagana - Inyubako ya Rusirare Jacques, Rwamagana, Uburasirazuba bw'u Rwanda
# Ishami rya Kabarondo - Inyubako ya Cogebanque, Kabarondo, Uburasirazuba bw'u Rwanda
# Ishami rya Huye - Inyubako ya Bihira Juvenal, Butare, Akarere ka Huye, Rwanda y'Amajyepfo
# Ishami rya Nyamagabe - Inyubako ya Kanimba, Nyamagabe, Rwanda y'Amajyepfo
# Ishami rya Muhanga - Inyubako ya Mukantabana Speciose, Gitarama, Rwanda y'Amajyepfo
# Ishami rya Musanze - Inyubako ya Diyosezi ya Economat, Ruhengeri, Rwanda y'Amajyaruguru
# Ishami rya Rubavu - Inyandekwe Issa Inyubako, Rubavu, Rwanda y'Uburengerazuba
# Ishami rya Kamembe - Inyubako ya Twizeyimana Vincent, Kamembe, Rwanda y'Uburengerazuba
# Ishami rya Tyazo - Inyubako ya Kagorora Jacques, Tyazo, Amajyepfo yu Rwanda
# Ishami rya Nyagatare - Inzu ya Karangwa, Uburasirazuba bw'u Rwanda
# Ishami rya Banki rya Prestige - Inzu ya Centenary, Kigali .

## Reba kandi

* Urutonde rwa banki mu Rwanda
* Ubukungu bw'u Rwanda

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Incamake yintangiriro ya Cogebanque
Banki y'Urwego

**Banki ya Urwego**  ni banki ifite  Imari iciriritse ishingiye kuri Kristo mu Rwanda . Yahawe uruhushya na Banki nkuru y’u Rwanda, Isanzwe igenzura amabanki y'igihugu.  iyi banki iherereye mu karere ka Rwamaganahirya gato  y'ishami rya banki nkuru y'u Rwanda rikorera i Rwamagana. Iyi baki kandi ifasha abaturage mu kwiteza imbere bagurizwa amafaranga.

## Amateka
Banki yashinzwe muri 1997 na World Relief yashizwe n'Urwego Community Banking, banki yinjiye mu muyoboro mpuzamahanga wa HOPE muri 2005. Muri 2007, banki yahujwe na Opportunity International Bank yu Rwanda hanyuma ihinduka Banki ya Urwego Opportunity Bank.

Byemejwe na Banki nkuru y’u Rwanda, Opportunity International yagurishije 50% bya Urwego kuri HOPE International muri 2017, bituma HOPE iba umunyamigabane 99% muri banki, hamwe n’ubutabazi ku isi bukomeje gutunga 1%. 

## Incamake
Banki y'Urwego ni banki yemewe, ishingiye ku kwizera kwa gikirisitu. Dushingiye ku izina ryayo (Urwego ni ijambo rya Kinyarwanda risobanurwa ngo “urwego”), ubutumwa bw'Urwego bugira buti: “Gutanga urwego rw'amahirwe ku baturage batishoboye bo mu Rwanda nk'uko dutangaza kandi tukabaho Ubutumwa bwiza bwa Yesu Kristo.” 

Urwego irashaka kugera ku Banyarwanda bakora mu bukungu ariko badakwiye ibigo by'amabanki byemewe. Itanga serivisi zuzuye zimari, harimo inguzanyo na gahunda yo kuzigama,  hamwe namahugurwa yo kugabanya ingaruka zibicuruzwa byimari no guha imbaraga abakiriya kugirango batsinde mu bucuruzi, imicungire yurugo, nu buzima.

Mu mateka yarwo, Banki y'Urwego yatanze inguzanyo ingana na miliyoni 290 z'amadolari. 

## Nyirubwite
Nk’urubuga rwa banki, ibigo bikurikira bikurikira ni abanyamigabane. 

## Umuyoboro w'ishami
Kugeza muri Nyakanga 2019, Banki ya Urwego yari ifite amashami 15 yuzuye, arindwi muri yo, harimo icyicaro gikuru cya banki, aherereye mu mujyi wa Kigali, umurwa mukuru w'u Rwanda. Byongeye kandi, Urwego yari ifite ATM 15 mu gihugu hose.

## Reba kandi

* Urutonde rwa banki mu Rwanda
* Ubukungu bw'u Rwanda

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Urubuga rwa Urwego