open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Wikimedia Foundation

**The Wikimedia Foundation, Inc**, mu magambo ahinnye ya **WMF**, ni umuryango w'Abanyamerika 501 (c) (3) udaharanira inyungu ufite icyicaro gikuru i San Francisco, muri Kaliforuniya, kandi wanditswemo nk'ishingiro ry'abagiraneza. Nicyicaro cya Wikipedia, urubuga rwa karindwi rusurwa cyane kwisi. Mubyongeyeho, fondasiyo yakira indi mishinga 14 ijyanye nayo. Ifasha iterambere rya MediaWiki, software ya wiki ibashigikira byose.
Ingoro y'abami mu rukari

Ingoro y’Abami iherereye mu Karere ka Nyanza mu murenge wa Busasamana mu ntara ya Majyepfo  kuri kirometero 5 uvuye mu mugi wa Nyanza. Ingoro y’Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa itanga ishusho isesenguye y’imiterere y’ubutegetsi bwa cyami. Ingoro y'amateka y'ibwami Inyanza mu Rukari.

## '''Amashakiro'''
Ubuvuzi gakondo

## Ususobanuro
Ubuvuzi bwa gakondo  bwibanda mu gukoresha imiti iva mu bimera gakondo

## Imiti
IGISURA  ni umuti musukano uteye nk' umutobe kikaba kivura ugikoresheje nk'imboga  cyangwa ifu yacyo

Igisura gikoreshhwa mu kurambura imitsi itembereza amaraso mu mubiri kandi umutobe  na pomade yacyo

bifasha kubarwaye imitsi n' amavunane

UMURAVUMBA ni umuti gakondo ukomoka ku bimera kandi ufite ubushobozi  bwo kuvura  indwara ziterwa n' amavirusi

ndetse ni indwara ziterwa n'udukoko two mu bwoko bwa bagiteli, n'udukoko tw' imiyege.

umutobe uva mu mababi y' umuravumba ukoreshwa mu kwica utwo dukoko.kandi ugakoreshwa nk' umuti wa antiseptic.

UMUKUBAYOKA ni umuti gakondo ukoreshwa mu kugombora ahakomwe (aharumwe) n' inzoka

Umuzibaziba ni umuti gakondo uvura urwaye amacinya bakawumubita mu kibuno

## Ishakiro
Ingaruka z'ikoreshwa rya telephone ku bana.

## Telephone ni iki?
Telephone ni kimwe mubikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga kifashishwa mu kohereza ubutumwa,guhamagara, kurebaho amavidewo....

## Ese imikoreshereze ya telephone ku bana yaba ifite ingaruka ?
Nibyo koko telephone igira ingaruka kubana bayikoresha ari bato, dore zimwe mu ngaruka abana bakunda guhura nazo:

* kuba ingwata(addiction) ya telephone aho buri gihe umwana aba ashaka telephone.
* kanseri ifata mu bwonko.
* kwangirika kw'iminsi y'amaso.
* indwara y'amaso.
* kwangirika kuturemangingo two mu bwonko dufasha mu mitekerereze.
Urubuto rw'avoka

Abantu benshi bakunda urubuto rw'avoka usanga abenshi barurya kubiryo abandi barufata nk'umuti mubuzima bwamuntu avoka ni urubuto rufitiye akamaro umuburi wa muntu kuko dusangamo intunga muburi zitandukanye zirimo magnesium, potassium, fer, zinc, n'izindi nyinshi zitandukanye. Urubuto rw'avoka rero rufitiye akamaro kanini umubiri wacu kuko ruturinda indwara nyinshi harimo izi zikurikira: avoka ifasha umutima gukora neza, irinda umuvuduko wamaraso, irinda ishaza ryo mujisho, avoka irinda canser ya prostate ku abagabo na cancer y'ibere ku abagore. Nubwo turya avoka tukajugunya urubuto rwayo burya narwo rufitiye akamaro ubuzima bwamuntu.

## Amashakiro
Icumbi ry'umwamikazi

**Icumbi ry'umwamikazi** ni ingoro imwe mu ndangamurange ahahoze haba umwamikazi Gicanda Rosalie Dawager, ayo mazu yarashaje ariko baje kuyavugurura.

## Amashakiro
Ingoro y'ubuhanzi n'ubugeni

**Ingoro y’Ubuhanzi n’Ubugeni** ni bice biranga umuco n’amateka y’u Rwanda hifashishijwe ubuhanga bwa muntu, hakaba ahantu nyaburanga hari mu hakurura ba mukerarugendo banyuranye.

## Aho Iri

Ingoro y’Ubuhanzi n’Ubugeni ni ingoro iherereye ku Rwesero yatangiye gukoshwa 1959 iri mu Karere ka Nyanza, ni inyubako yubatse n'Umwami Mutara wa III Rudahigwa ayituremo, aza no kuyikoreremo, ariko ntiyabashije kuyituramo kuko yatangiye mu Burundi atarayitaha ariko  itahwa muri Gicurasi 2006, harimo ibikorwa by’ubugeni .

## Amashakiro
Ingoro y'ubuhanzi n'ubugeni ya Habyarimana

**Ingoro y'ubuhanzi n'ubugeni ya Habyarimana** ni Inzu ndagamurange yu Rwanda yahoze ibamo uwahoze ari perezida Habyarimana ndetse habamo na peresida Bizimungu Pasteur, Iyingoro y'ubuhanzi n'ubugeni ihererye i kanombe nko muri kilometero Enye uvuye kucyibuga cy'indege  mpuzamahanga cya Kigali, Yatangiye kuba Ingoro ya Perezida mumwaka wa bibiri na gatatu 2003 kuko yahoze ari iya perezida wu Rwanda Habyarima Juvenal nuwamukurikiye Pasteur Bizimungu. Muri iyo ngoro usangamo ibisigazwa by'indege ya Habyarimana Juvenal yaje kurazwa ku ya 6 Mata 1994, ndetse harimo n'ibindi bihangano gakondo ny'aRwanda. 

Uwahoze ari umukuru wigihugu cy'u Rwanda Juvenal HABYARIMANA yahoze atuye aha hari iyi ngoro ndetse iza no guturamo perezida Pasteur BIZIMUNGU. 

## Amashakiro
Urugo rwa Kinyarwanda

**Urugo Rwa Kinyarwanda** ni urugo rugizwe ni nzu ahanini za Kera zigizwe ahanini ni inzu za kigonyi cyangwa se inzu ya kinyarwanda.  Urugo rwa Kinyarwanda rwabaga rukunze kurangwa nu muvumu nki giti kiri mumuco nyarwanda.

## Uko yari imeze
Urugo Rwa Kinyarwanda ni inyubako iranga umuco w'akinyarwanda, aho  yabaga ifite ibiti by’ubwubatsi aho by'abaga ari ibiti nka bibiri : harimo ibiti bya mankumbo, imbariro ndetse na mwamba . Inzu ya Kinyarwanda y'ubakishwaga ibikoresho bitandukanye nk' imiganda igizwe n’umusave, umubirizi n’umuvumu. Harimo imbariro zigizwe n’imisekere, imbingo, imbabaza, imisororo, iminaba, imitiritiri, imicundura, imikindo, hamwe n' imishurushuru. 

## Amashakiro
Cyilima II Rujugira

**Cyilima II Rujugira** yari umwami w'Ubwami bw'u Rwanda kuva 1770 kugeza 1786.  Cyilima II Rujugira azwiho guhimba imivugo " u R*wanda ruratera ntiruterwa* " ( *Nta gihugu na kimwe cyateye u Rwanda, ahubwo u Rwanda rurengera kandi rugatera ibihugu* ).

Ingoma ye yaranzwe n'ibitero byinshi byaturutse mu Bwami buturanye bwa Ndorwa, Gisaka nu UBurundi . Mu gihe cye, habaye intambara yo gutamba izwi ku izina rya "*intambara y' abatabazi* ". Ryari hagati y'u Rwanda n'Uburundi kandi ryarimo abakozi badasanzwe baturutse impande zombi mu butumwa bwo kwiyahura bombi bemezaga ko amaherezo bazagira ibyago nk'abanzi. Byarangiye Umwami Mutaga wa III w'Uburundi yiyahuye ku butaka bw'Uburundi mu butumwa bwo kwigomwa kurwanya Cyilima II Rujugira. 

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

*
Ingoro y'umurage w'ibidukikije

**Ingoro y'umurage w'ibidukikije** ni ingoro iri kukiyaga cya Kivu mu karere ka Karongi mu intara y'ibirengerazuba bwu Rwanda. Ni inzu igeretse ndetse n'ubusitani bw'iybatsi gakondo byifashishwa mu buvuzi gakondo biri mu gisenge cyinzu .

## Ibindi
Ingoro y'umurage w'ibidukikije ibindi kandi ni ingoro yihariye cyane mu kumurika ibicyanye n'ingufu zisubiramo n'izidasubiramo n'uruganda rukora amashanyarazi, harimo inyamaswa ndetse n'amabuye y'agaciro, ndetse ninaho urebera imihindagurikire y'ikirere.

## Amashakiro
Inza z'inyambo

**Inka z'inyambo** ni inka zigaragara mu muco nyarwanda, inka z’Inyambo zaturuka hirya no hino mu gihugu cyu Rwanda. aho zihurizwa hamwe i Nyanza mu karere ka Nyanza mu iserukiramuco, ryahurije hamwe inka z'Inyambo zaturuka mu karere ka  Nyagatare, mu karere ka Kirehe, mu karere ka Gicumbi, akarere ka Gasabo ndetse na karere ka Bugesera. Ndetse hari n’izisanzwe mu Ngoro y’Amateka y’Abami iherereye mu Rukari mu Karere ka Nyanza.

## Amashakiro
Kigeli III Ndabarasa

**Kigeli III Ndabarasa** (yategetse 1765–1792 cyangwa se 1786–1796) yari umwami w'umurwanyi wo mu Bwami bw'u Rwanda mu kinyejana cya cumi n'umunani. Umuhungu wa Cyilima II Rujugira, yakuze kugira ngo abe umutware hamwe na se mbere yo kugera ku ngoma ku rupfu rwe mu 1765 cyangwa 1786. Ingoma ye yaranzwe n’ubukangurambaga bwa gisirikare bwaguye ubutaka bw’u Rwanda n’ubugenzuzi. Yazanye abaturage ba Ndorwa mu bwami yigarurira ubwami buto bwa Muabli. Yaguye umubare munini w'ingabo yari yarazwe na se maze ashinga ingabo nshya i Ndorwa nu burundi . Yongereye inkunga ingabo ze ashinga amashyo ane y’inka ku ngabo ze, ndetse icumi n’abashumba b’inka, kandi yagura umubare w’ubutaka bwo kuragira inka mu turere dushya. Muri icyo gihe, kubahiriza umuco wo kubaha abakurambere bo hambere byagabanutse ku ngoma ye. Yapfuye azize ingorane zatewe no kubagwa asimburwa n'umuhungu we Sentabyo .

## Ubuzima bwo hambere

## Kwiyamamaza kwa gisirikare

## Urupfu n'umurage
Ndabarasa yarwaye indwara ifata imitsi. Kugira ngo ububabare bugabanuke, abaganga gakondo baca imitsi kugirango ububabare bugabanuke, afata ikiruhuko gito. Iki gihe cyakozwe na Musare, ariko icyo gikorwa cyakomerekeje Ndabarasa. Ibi byagaragaye mu gisigo cya 63 "Inkovu icitse irushya abavuzi" hamwe n'umwiru Ntibanyendera. Yashyinguwe i Rutare, hejuru ya Munanira.  Kimwe na se, yari amaze kugena uzamusimbura, Sentabyo . [26] Iherezo ry'ingoma ye no kwinjira k'umusimbuye, byaranzwe n'ubwirakabiri. [27]

We n'abamukomokaho bitwaga aba Bigna, bikomoka ku ijambo *mugina*, rishobora guhindurwa. Bavuga ko yari afite uruhu rw'umuhondo rworoheje, rwabyaye ubu bubabare, izina rishobora kuba ryarakoreshejwe nyuma yumuvumo yahawe numayobera witwa Nyirabiyoro. [28]

## Umuryango
Ndabarasa yari afite abana umunani: [29]

## Reba

###
Mibamwe II Sekarongoro II Gisanura

**Mibamwe II Sekarongoro II Gisanura** yari umwamiw'Ubwami bw'u Rwanda hagati y'imyaka yo muri 1700 na 1735.   

## Reba
Kigeli I Mukobanya

**Kigeli I Mukobanya** ni umwami w'Ubwami bw'u Rwanda kuva mu 1378 IC kugeza 1418 mbere y'ivuka rya Yesu kristo .

Ingoma ye yaranzwe no kwinjira no gutungurwa hafi y'ingoro ye yari i Kigali, ni ngabo z'umwami *Cwamali* wu Bunyoro muri Uganda. Kigeli hamwe n'umuhungu we Sekarongoro I bakoze urugamba rwo kwirwanaho ingabo za Cwamali hafi yu mujyi wa Kigali . Sekarongoro I Mutabazi yakomeretse ku gahanga n'amaraso bituma ingabo z'u Rwanda zisubira inyuma. Umwami Kigeli I Mukobanya yavuye mu ngoro ye n'inka ze yongera guhagarara hakurya y'umugezi wa Nyabarongo . Ingabo za Cwamali zatwitse inzu ye zitera igiti cy'intsinzi i Runda. Bahise bambuka uruzi bakurikira Kigeli I. Kuri iyi nshuro ingabo za Kigeli I Mukobanya zongeye kwisubiraho maze zigarura igitero gikomeye. Ingabo za Bunyoro zahitanye abantu benshi no gutsindwa gukomeye. Bamwe bafashwe ari imbohe z'intambara. Abashimusi ba Banyoro baciwe intoki n'amano hanyuma basubira i Bunyoro nk'ubutumwa bwo gutera ubwoba Umwami Cwamali. Intiti zitandukanye zigenga, zisobanura Kigeli I Mukobanya kuba yaratsinze akanategeka Bunyoro na Buganda kuko bivugwa ko yashyizwe ku rutonde rwa *Kigala Mukabya* mu mateka ya Buganda.

## Reba
Mibambwe III Mutabazi II Sentabyo

**Mibambwe III Mutabazi II Sentabyo**, uzwi kurindi zina rya **Mhwerazikamwa**, (yategetse 1796 - 1801) yari  Umwami wime ku Ingoma habaye Ubwirakabiri y'Ubwami bw'u Rwanda mu kinyejana cya cumi n'umunani.   Yasimbuye Kigeli III Ndabarasa . Intangiriro y'ingoma ye bivugwa ko yaranzwe n'ubwirakabiri (Ubwirakabiri); byinshi byahuriranye kumugaragaro no kwimenyekanisha kwe ni ku ya 13 Kamena 1741, n'indi yo ku ya 13 Mata 1763.

## Reba
Kalemera Rwaka

**Kalemera Rwaka Ntagara** yari umwami w'Ubwami bw'u Rwanda hagati mu kinyejana cya 18.

Jan Vansina agaragazako yatanze ariko imigenzo yo igaragazako yarozwe kanwa ndetse yagiriwe nabi na Cyilima II Rujugira. 

## Reba
Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa

**Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa** (?? - Ukuboza 1896, m'intara ya Marangara, i Nyanza, muri Afurika y'Uburasirazuba bw'Ubudage )  yari Mwami w'u Rwanda hagati ya Nzeri 1895 n'Ukuboza 1896, akaba yarabaye umutware hamwe na se umubyara Kigeli IV Rwabugiri mu 1889. Rutarindwa harigihe yandukuwe nka **Rutalindwa** . 

## Amategeko
Se wamureraga,   Kigeli IV Rwabugiri, yari yatangaje ko ari umutware muri 1889,   amugaragaza neza ko uzamusimbura.  Ku rupfu rutunguranye rwa Rwabugiri mu 1895 ubwo yari mu rugendo muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo yubu, yatangajwe ko ari umwami. 

Abamikazi b'Abamikazi b'u Rwanda bari bakomeye muri politiki.  Nyina wa Rutarindwa bari barapfuye, bityo, Rwabugiri ashyiraho undi mugore we, Kanjogera, kugira ngo amubere nyina. Urupfu rwa Rwabugiri, we na barumuna be Kabare na Ruhinankiko bagambiriye gushyira ku ntebe y'ubwami umuhungu we muto Musinga, uzaba umwami Yuhi V Musinga .   Ibyo byaje kurangira mu mpera z'umwaka wa 1896 mu ntambara yabaye hagati y'imitwe y'Umwami n'Umwamikazi witwaga kudeta yo kuRucunshu,   yitiriwe umusozi Rutarindwa yimuriye urukiko rwe.  Nyuma yintambara, Rutarindwa yiyahuye,    maze ingoma yumwami irasenywa igihe inzu ye yatwikwaga. 

## Reba
Mibambwe I Sekarongoro I Mutabazi

**Mibambwe I Sekarongoro I Mutabazi** yari umwami nk'uko bisanzwe, umwami wo mu Bwami bw'u Rwanda wagombaga gutegeka mu kinyejana cya cumi na gatanu. Yashoboye kwagura imipaka y'Ubwami bw'u Rwanda, bitewe n'ibikorwa bye by'ubutwari igihe yarwanaga. Igihe kimwe mu busore bwe, yagize ibikomere bikomeye yagize igihe yarwanaga ku rugamba. Ibikorwa nkibi byashishikarije wa mugani gumana ibiryo byawe, niba utazi inkuru i Fumbwe. Kimwe mu byemezo by'ingenzi yafashe nka Mwami cyerekeranye n'umuryango wa Bunyoro na Bunyabungo. Kubera intambara zabanjirije iyi na Bunyoro, yahisemo kubarwanya. Muri icyo gihe, yashakishije amahoro n’umuryango wa Bunyabungo, wateguye ibitambo by’amahoro n’u Rwanda mu gihe cyashize. 

## Reba
Yuhi II Gahima II

**Yuhi wa II Gahima II** ukurikije imigenzo,  yari umwami y'Ubwami bw'u Rwanda mu kinyejana cya cumi na gatanu. Umwe mu bagize ingoma ya Nyiginya, yagombaga kuba yaraganje hagati ya 1444 na 1477.  

## Reba
Boniface Benzinge

**Boniface Benzinge** ni umwe mu biru akaba yari umuyobozi w’abiru mu Rwanda, abajyanama b'abikorera ku giti cyabo ba Mwami w'u Rwanda .

## Ubuzima
Benzinge yari umwe mu bagize umuryango w’amateka y’abami, yari umunyacyubahiro ku Mwami Kigeli V, wabaye umwami wa nyuma w’ingoma y’igihugu cye mbere yo kuva ku butegetsi mu 1961.

Nyuma yibyo birori, Benzinge na mugenzi we Abiru batangaje ko mwishywa we asimbuye izina rya Kigeli. Nubwo igice cyumuryango wibwami cyarwanyaga iki gikorwa,  umwami mushya yaje kwambikwa ikamba rya Yuhi VI muri 2017.

Kuva ibi bibaho, Benzinge yakomeje kuba umuyobozi wurukiko rwibwami.

## Reba kandi

* Abiru

## Reba
Bukunzi

**Bukunzi**, kandi irindi zina ni **Mbirizi**,  bwari ubwami buto buherereye mu majyepfo ashyira uburengerazuba bw'icyahoze ari u Rwanda . Abami ba Bukunzi bari bazwi cyane mu karere kose kubera kugenzura ibihe by'imvura .  Bukunzi iherereye mu burasirazuba bw'umugezi wa Ruzizi, uko bigaragara yashinzwe n'abagize umuryango w'abami b'Abashiya, bahungiye mu buhungiro bwa politiki nyuma y'amakimbirane yo mu muryango. Luhwinja, ikindi kiyaga gito, batekereza ko yavuye i Bukunzi.  Ihuriro ry’amateka ryari mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bw'ikiyaga cya Kivu, ryerekanaga iburengerazuba na Bushi .  Mu kinyejana cya cumi n'umunani na cumi n'icyenda, yari ifitanye isano ya hafi na Ngweshe, kimwe mu bihugu bikomeye mu bihugu by'Abashiya.  Bukunzi yakomeje kwibera hagati rw’u Rwanda kugeza igihe ibikorwa bya gisirikare byari biyobowe n’Ububiligi bw’abakoloni byahujwe  rwagati mu 1925, hamwe n’ubundi bwami buto buherereye mu burengerazuba bw’ubwami bw’u Rwanda, harimo nka Kingogo, Bushiru, na Busozo .  Agace kahoze ari ubwami bwa Bukunzi ubu kari mu Karere ka Rusizi mu Rwanda. 

## Akajambo k'epfo

## Reba
Bushayija Emmanuel

**Emmanuel Bushayija** (yavutse ku ya 20 Ukuboza 1960) ni umwe wari uzi  amateka y'ubwami Rwanda, bwakuweho mu 1961. Yatangajwe ko asimbuye umuhango w'icyubahiro ( *[[Urutonde rw'Abami bayoboye u Rwanda|w'umwami]]* ) ku ya 9 Mutarama 2017 ku ngoma ya **Yuhi VI** .  Yasimbuye nyirarume nyakwigendera King Kigeli V kandi ni umwuzukuru w'umwami Yuhi V. 

## Ubuzima
Yakuriye mu buhungiro muri Uganda, aho yize mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Iganga akorera Pepsi Cola i Kampala .

Yabaye kandi muri Kenya, akora mu bukerarugendo, mbere yo gusubira mu Rwanda muri Nyakanga 1994 mbere yo kwimukira mu Bwongereza nyuma y'imyaka itandatu.

Kwinjira kwa Yuhi VI kwakozwe no gutangaza Inama yumwami ya Abiru, bagize itsinda ryabasaza kandi banga ibyifuzo byumwami nkabajyanama. Dukurikije umuco, Inama ya Abiru iratangaza ko umwami yatoranije uzamusimbura mu bagize umuryango we.  Bushayija, mwishywa , yiswe umusimbura. Ibi byatangajwe na Boniface Benzinge, umuyobozi w'inama njyanama ya Abiru. 

Ubu ni umwenegihugu w’Ubwongereza ufite ubwenegihugu kandi ubu atuye i Sale, hafi macesita mu majyaruguru y’uburengerazuba bw’Ubwongereza .  Umugore we, Lilian, ni umukozi wita ku buzima bwo mu mutwe.

### Icyubahiro

#### Ingoma y'u Rwanda

## Reba
Rwanyanya

**Rwanyanya** yari igikomangoma akaba n'umwana wa gatanu wa Mwami Yuhi IV Gahindiro wari ubwami bw'u Rwanda wabayeho mu kinyejana cya 19. Umuhungu we yari Kannanga, se w'abatware bazwi Tutuba na Kanyemera. 

## Reba
Yuhi III Mazimpaka

**Yuhi III Mazimpaka** ( cyangwa se *Yuhi wa Gatatu Mazimpaka* ) yariUmwami w'ubwami bwu Rwanda kuva mu mwaka 1735 kugeza 1766. 

Yibukwa ko yari umwami mwiza cyane. Yari umuntu uzi ubwenge cyane kandi uhanga. Bavuga ko yari amarangi afite amagambo y'umusizi n'umuhanuzi. Yagaragaje mu nzozi ze kuza mu bwoko bwijimye bw'abantu m'umyaka myinshi nyuma y'urupfu rwe bizatuma ubwami bwe bugwa. Umwami Yuhi wa III yatanze inshingano yo kubaka inzu y'amagorofa atatu akozwe mu biti by'ibiti, urubingo n'ibyatsi by'ibyatsi ahantu hazwi ku izina rya *Kamonyi* . Bikekwa ko ari yo nzu ya mbere yubatswe mu Rwanda. Yarwara rimwe na rimwe uburwayi bwo mu mutwe bitewe no guhuza ibitekerezo gutekereza cyane no kuyobora buri munsi ubwami. Yapfuye azize gukomeretsa ukuguru kubera ko yagerageje kwibira mu rutare rurerure akajya mu kiyaga yari yagiye koga. 

## Reba
Abanyarwanda

"Abanyarwanda" ni izina ry'abantu bafite ubwenegihugu bw' u Rwanda . Iri zina rikubiyemo abaturage b'u Rwanda n'abaturarwanda kandi rifitanye isano ya bugufi n'umuco n'amateka by'abanyarwanda n' u Rwanda ubwarwo. Abanyarwanda bavuga ururimi rw'ikinyarwanda nk'ururimi kavukire. Mu muco nyarwanda, inka ifatwa nk'ikimenyetso cy'ubukungu ndetse igahabwa agaciro gakomeye aho ihabwa n'amazina ndetse ikagenerwa imvugo yihariye ariyo ubwayo n'ibijyanye nayo nk'ibyansi n' amata... 

* **Abaturage b'u [[Rwanda]]:** "Abanyarwanda"  ni abanyarwanda n' abaturarwanda( abantu bose baba mu Rwanda ari badafite ubwenegihugu bw'u Rwanda bitewe n'impamvu zitandukanye zabazanye cyangwa zihababesheje.
* **Abakomoka mu Rwanda:** ni abantu bose bafite inkomoko mu Rwanda bashobora kuba bahatuye cyangwa batahatuye ku bw'impamvu zitandukanye aho baba bari hose ku isi.
* **Umuco n'amateka:** Ubusobanuro bw'ijambo "Abanyarwanda" ntibwerekeye ku bantu gusa, ahubwo burimo umuco n' amateka.

.

## Reba

* Nest, Michael, hamwe na Francois Grigno na Emizet F. Kisangani (2006). "Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo: Ibipimo by'ubukungu by'intambara n'amahoro" Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder, CO (pp.&nbsp;20-24)
* http://www.unhcr.org/publ/PUBL/46dbd79a2.html
Umwami wa Bugesera

**Ubwami bwa Bugesera**  [2] bwari ubwami bwigenga bwa Bantu bw'abayeho kuva mu kinyejana cya 16 kugeza ku cya 18 muri Afurika yo hagati. Ahagana muri 1799, yarigaruriwe kandi igabanywa n'Ubwami bw'u Rwanda n'Ubwami bw'Uburundi .

## Inkomoko
Kugeza mu kinyejana cya 19, amateka y'ibihugu byo mu biyaga bigari bya Afurika yatanzwe ahanini binyuze mu migenzo n'imigani. Ubwizerwe bwibi akenshi ntibusobanutse, kandi byinshi byo kuvuga kumvugo yibyabaye bivuguruzanya. [3] , inkuru zimwe zivuga ko amaherezo ya Bugesera yaguye ni ibintu bidasanzwe, bivuze ko itsinze abami b'ibihe bitandukanye rwose. [4] Andi makuru arashobora kumurika kuva kera . [3] Ariko, amakuru make yabitswe kubwami bwa Bugesera; leta izwi cyane binyuze mu nkuru zo mu Rwanda. Ubushakashatsi bw'ibyataburuwe mu matongo nabwo ntibubuze mu gace kahoze gatuwe na Bugesera. nta bihe byizewe cyangwa urutonde rw'abami bayo bishobora gushirwaho kuri Bugesera. [5]

## Amateka

### Kuganza hakiri kare
Imigani itandukanye yo mu Rwanda ivuga ibyabaye kuri Bugesera ku ngoma y'u*mwami* Mibambwe Mutabazi wo mu Rwanda, mwene Kigeli I Mukobanya.  [12] Dukurikije umugani umwe, u*mwami* Nsoro Sangano wa Bugesera yahaye icumbi igikomangoma Mashira wo mu bwami bwa Nduga igihe uyu yatsindwaga na Mibambwe Mutabazi. Mashira yaje gufata Nduga. Muyindi nkuru, abaturage ba Nyoro bongeye kugaba igitero muri kariya karere, bafata Nsoro Sangano bamuhatira gukora nk'umuskuti w'ingabo zabo.  Ariko, Abanyarwanda n'abafatanyabikorwa babo batsinze abateye Nyoro; Nsoro Sangano yasigaye atereranwa mu mashyamba ya Ngiga kure y'urugo. 

### Kugabanuka
Akarere ka Bugesera  ni akarere ka cyi jyambere mu Rwanda yitiriwe ubwami bwa kera. [2]

## Ubutegetsi n'intara
]
*UMwami* wa Bugesera yari isanzwe ifata izina rya  " Nsoro ". [12] Bahondongo bari umuryango wibwami. [10]

Ubwami bwa Bugesera bwari mu majyepfo yinzuzi Akanyaru na Nyabarongo, no mu majyaruguru ya Rurubu . [17] Mu burengerazuba bwayo hari akarere ka Kinyaga . [21] Ifasi yacyo yiganjemo savanna yumye bityo ikaba ituwe cyane, nubwo agace kayo yepfo kari karumbutse cyane. [17]

### ''UMwami''
Nkuko nta rutonde rwizewe cyangwa rukurikirana rw'abategetsi rushobora gushyirwaho kuri Bugesera, [5] abami bakurikira ntabwo byanze bikunze bari muburyo bukwiye cyangwa no mu mateka:

* Nsoro Bihembe [12]
* Nsoro Sangano [12]
* Muhoza 
* Rwagitare [12]
* Nsoro Nyabarega [10] [18] [6]

## Reba

### Imirimo yatanzwe
 

## Ibindi gusoma

* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Kigeli II Nyamuheshera

**Kigeli II Nyamuheshera** yari umwami mu Bwami bw'u Rwanda mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 17. Jan Van sina yamusabye ibi bihimbano, akongerwaho no mu gisekuru cya cyami nyuma kugira ngo arangize uruziga rw'amazina y'ingoma. 

Imigenzo ivuga ko yari umurwanyi ukomeye kandi wagutse cyane. Yari afite ingabo zikomeye zizwi nk'Inkingi . Imwe mu nkambi ze za gisirikare, izwi ku izina ryari  Iziruguru, yagabweho igitero n’abaturage bitwaga abanyabungo" baturutse mu burengerazuba bwa Kivu muri Kongo ya none. Kigeli II yibasiye abatware mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo, barimo Bishugi, Kamuronsi, Gishali, Buhunde, Buzi, na Tongo ( Masisi ). Yahagaritswe n’amashyamba n'imvura menshi kugirango akomeze muri Kongo. Yerekeje ibitero bye byo kwaguka mu burengerazuba bwa Uganda, hafi y’ikiyaga cya Edward, ahagarara ku "rutare rwa Kabasha" (urutare rwa Kabasha) maze agaragaza ko ari umupaka wahuzaga u Rwanda na Busongora. Busongora yari azwi kandi nk'ubutaka bwa Bacwezi. Byari binyuranyije n'amategeko gakondo y'u Rwanda gutera Busongora kuko yatekerezaga ko ari inzu y'imana Ryangombe.

Yibasiye kandi yigarurira abatware ba Buberuka anambura ingoma yabo izwi ku izina rya  Icyungo maze atera Kigezi na Bushengero aho yaje guhura n'ibishyimbo bidasanzwe byahinzwe mu Rwanda kugeza na n'ubu bikaba byasabye ubwoko bw'abasangwabutaka buzwi ku izina rya "Ibiharo". Yambuye kandi Bunyoro ubwoko bw'ihene zizwi ku izina rya Ihene z'Akamenesho. Ihene nini kandi zashinzwe kwitabwaho bidasanzwe. Umuco wo kwerekana ihene na parade watangijwe ku ngoro kugeza ku ngoma ya Yuhi V Musinga muri icyo gihe umurezi witwa Bunyereri wa Muhozi ukomoka i Gishubi muri Gitarama yari umushumba w'ihene.

## Reba
Ivubiro

**Ivubiro** ni ahantu habaga hari ikibindi kinini mu muco nyarwanda kigafasha kureba igihe imvura izagwira bakabibwirwa nuko icyo kibindi kinini cyabaga gitangiye kuzana icyuya bakabonako imvura yenda kugwa. Ivubiro ryakorwagaho nabantu bitwa Abavumbyi. Ahitwa mu Mariba ya Bukunzi ni ho hari ivubiro rya Ndagano wategekaga u Bukunzi ku mwaduko w’abazungu. Bukunzi yari iherereye mu Majyepfo y’Uburengerazuba bw’u Rwanda, ihana imbibi n’uturere tw’u Busozo, i Cyesha, Impara, na Biru ndetse n’igihugu cy’u Burundi.

## Amateka
Ivubiro rero ryabaga rikoze mu kibindi gifite umurwa ureba hejuru, hakaba hari amazi amanuka akagwa muri ako kabindi gatabye mu butaka, kari ahazwi nka Huro , umusozi wa Huro, Akagari ka Huro umurenge wa Muhondo, akarere ka Gakenke.aho kaba gakikijwe n'ibiti bitandukanye byagakondo nk'umubirizi cyangwa umuravumba.

## Amashakiro
Abavubyi

**Abavubyi** ni abantu babaga bakuze munyaka bakaba bari bashizwe kubwira Umwami uko ibihe ziba mimeze nki imvura izagwa vuba cyangwa se amapfa azatera hakava uruzuba rwinshi, maze inzara igatera, aho bakorera hitwaga Ivubiro.

## Amateka
Ivubiro rya mbere ryari i Musana kwa Musengo, i Kabona ka murambo, hakaba ari mu murenge wa Ruhondo muri Gakenke, ryamezeho ikiti cy'umwifuzo. Irindi riri i Uro . naho irya 3 riri i kuri Nyabarongo ryamezeho igiti cy'umukindo.

## Amashakiro
Land mangment in Rwanda

## Importance of land registration in Rwanda

Land registration in Rwanda is crucial as it provides clear proof of ownership, reducing disputes and enhancing legal protection. It enables landowners to use their property as collateral for loans, promoting economic growth. Additionally, it improves tax collection efficiency, supports effective land use planning, and fosters social stability by clearly defining ownership and boundaries, all of which contribute to Rwanda's overall development and stability.
Ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe ubutaka mu Rwanda

**Ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe [https://www.lands.rw/rw/imikoreshereze-yubutaka-no-gutunganya-amakarita ubutaka] mu [[Rwanda]]**  (Icyongereza:National Land Authority) n'ikigo cy'igihugu gitanga serivise kumikoreshereze y'ubutaka, hagendewe kukuba mumyaka ishize ubutaka butakoreshwaga neza mu buryo  bukwiye urwego rw'igihugu rufatanyije nizindi nzego zibishinzwe hakozwe igishushanyo mbonera kizafasha abaturage  mugukoresha neza ubutaka.

## Serivisi

### 1. Iyandikisha ry’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka
Iyi serivisi irebana n’iyandikwa ry’icyo ubutaka bwagenewe gukoreshwa. Iyi serivisi yifashishwa mu iyandikisha ry’ubutaka n’itangwa ry’ibyangombwa byabwo. 

### 2. Igenamigambi ry’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka n’ibishushanyombonera bicukumbuye
Iyi serivisi ijyanye n’itegurwa ry’ibishushanyo n’amabwiriza agenga imikoreshereze y’ubutaka mu bice bitandukanye, no kugenera ubutaka ibikorwa bitandukanye. Uregero, imiturire, ubucuruzi, ibikorwa rusange, ubuhinzi, n’ibindi nk’uko biteganywa n’itegeko N° 008/03 of 03/07/2022, rigena Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Intebe rigena uburyo bwo gutanga no kubona ubutaka, ubwo gukodesha ubutaka mu buryo burambye, n’ubwo gutiza no gukodesha ubutaka bwa Leta (ingingo ya 18) n’amabwiriza n’ibishushanyo mbonera bicukumbuye. Iyi serivisi ikorwa gusa n’inzego z’igihugu n’izegerejwe abaturage.

### 3. Igishushanyombonera cy’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka ku rwego rw’igihugu (NLUDMP)
Iri ni igenamigambi rusange rigaragaza icyerekezo cy’igihe kirekire cy’imikoreshereze y‘ubutaka.  Igishushanyombonera cy’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka ku rwego rw’igihugu (NLUDMP 2020 – 2050) cyemejwe n’inama y’abaminisitiri yo ku wa 29/07/2020, gitangazwa mu igazeti ya Leta yo ku wa 20/05/2022. Iki gishushanyo cyubakiye ku cyerekezo cya 2050, kigamije ikoreshwa neza ry’ubutaka mu guteza imbere ubukungu bw’igihugu hitawe ku nzego zose z’ubukungu (Abaturage, imijyi n’imiturire, imyubakire, ubukungu, itangwa ry’imirimo, inganda, ubucukuzi, ubuhinzi, ibidukikije, umutungo kamere, ubukerarugendo, no kurengera urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, ubwikorezi, ibikorwa remezo, n’ibikorwa rusange).

* Igishushanyombonera cy’umujyi wa Kigali n’ibishushanyombonera ku rwego rw’akarere (DLUP):
* Igenamigambi ry’imitunganyirize y’ubutaka buri mu cyiciro kihariye
* Ibishushanyo bicukumbuye by’imitunganirize y’ahantu runaka:

### 4. Uruhushya rwo guhindura icyo ubutaka bwagenewe
Guhindura icyo ubutaka bwagenewe gukoreshwa bigengwa n’iteka rya minisitiri No 005/MoE/22 ryo ku wa 15/02/2022**.**

### 5. Gutunganya amakarita no kubungabunga amakuru ndangahantu
Iyi serivisi irebana n’ikusanywa ry’ amakuru ndangahantu n’ikorwa ry’amakarita, bitanga amakuru ku mikoreshereze y’ubutaka, ibikorwa remezo, n’umutungo kamere. Ibijyanye n’amakuru ndangahantu mu Rwanda byose bitegurwa binyuze ku rubuga rwabigenewe (NSDI Hub).

## Ishakiro
Land for agriculture in Rwanda

## UBUTAKA BUHINGWA MURI KIREHE
Abahinzi ba kirehe barasaba gutungayirizwa ibishanga harimo icya cyunuzi.

## Ibirushijeho
Ubumuntu

## Ubumuntu
Ubumuntu ni imigirire cyangwa imyitwarire yuzuyemo kugirira neza umuntu mu buryo nawe wakwifuza kugirirwa n'abandi. Biratangaje kuba wabona umuntu anyagirirwa ku gipangu imodoka zimucaho ntawe umufashije. Biratangaje kandi na none ko umuntu ashobora kuburara, akabwirirwa we n'urubyaro rwe kandi aturanye n'abishoboye!

Gusa, ibikorwa by'ubumuntu bigenda bicibwa intege n'uko abantu bamaze kwandura imico mvamahanga, aho usanga abantu benshi barabaye ba nyamwigendaho. Ariko kandi, hari n'abamaze kwandura imico y'ubuhemu, kuburyo gupfa gutinyuka kugirira umuntu neza utaba wizeye ko adashobora kuzirikana iyo neza wamugiriye.

Reka tuvuge ku bumuntu bwa Niyitegeka Felicite. Amateka y'uRwanda, agaragaza ko hari abantu dushobora kwigiraho bagaragaje ubumuntu mu bihe bitandukanye, haba mu bihe by'ibyishimo cyangwa se no mu bihe bigoye. Tariki 21 Mata 1994, ni umunsi w'amateka mabi ku Banyarwanda kubera iyicwa ry'Abatutsi benshi icyarimwe mu gihugu, ndetse hari hamwe mu hantu hashoboye kumenyekana hiciwe Abatutsi barenze ibihumbi 150 umunsi umwe, ni na wo munsi Niyitegeka yiciweho.

## Reba
Ubwiza bw'ibirunga

#### byinshi kuri pariki y'ibirunga icumbicyiye ingagi
pariki yibirunga y'igihugu iherereye mumajyaruguru y'uRwanda.

iyi pariki ifatiye byinshi kandi  runini uretse nokuba abantu bayivomamo

ubukungu igiye icumbikiye n 'inyamanswa zijyiye zitandukanye

ndetse nisoko yibyishimo byabanyamahanga.https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukerarugendo/pariki/article/menya-byinshi-kuri-pariki-y-ibirunga-icumbikiye-ingagi-utasanga-ahandi

#### ingagi kubukungu bw'igihugu
burimwaka urwego rw'igihugu rushinzwe iterambere RDB rugenera abaturiye 

pariki zitandukanye z'igihugu 10 kwijana za amafaranga yinjiye biturutse

murigahunda zubukerarugendo.https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/133933/igitekerezo-cyo-kwita-izina-abana-bingagi-cyavuye-he-kuki-ingagi-ari-zo-ziri-ku-ibere-mu-r-133933.html

**indanganturo**

1.https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukerarugendo/pariki/article/menya-byinshi-kuri-pariki-y-ibirunga-icumbikiye-ingagi-utasanga-ahandi

2.https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/133933/igitekerezo-cyo-kwita-izina-abana-bingagi-cyavuye-he-kuki-ingagi-ari-zo-ziri-ku-ibere-mu-r-133933.html
Ubutaka mu Rwanda

Ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe ubutaka mu Rwanda binyuze muri Guverinoma yu Rwanda , cyashyizweho kugirango gitunganye amategeko, imikoreshereze y'ubutaka,no gukemura amakimbirane .  ukowasaba ihererekanywa ryubutaka (ubugure).

Mu rwanda hasyizweho iyi serivise ikemerera nyirubutaka gutanga uburenganzira kwihererekanywa ryubutaka atunze Abuha undi ubuguze iyo dosiye yamaze kwishyurwa ,yohererezwa kumurenge kwanoteri kugirango inozwe.Menyako ubugure bwaho azakorera ubucuruzi  cyangwa inganda byoherezwa kukarere kunozwa. Serivise itangwa nikigo gishinzwe ubutaka (NLA). Itwara iminsi7 yakazi igiciro cyo gushyiraho umukono wa noteri kizajya gihinduranya bitewe numubare wa paji za masezerano yihererekanywa ryubutaka.

## Imikoreshereze y'Ubutaka

Ikigo gishinzwe  Imikoreshereze y'ubutaka nicyo gishyiraho amategeko n'amabwiriza bijyanye n'uburyo bukoreshwamo,bitewe nicyo nyir'ubutaka yifuza kubukoreramo,hagendewe  ku gishushanyo mbonera icyerekezo 2050,Kigaragaza aho byemewe cyangwa bitemewe gutura no guhinga ,kugirango bifashe igihugu mu iterambere n'ubukungu.

## Kubungabunga Ubutaka

Kubijyanye no gukemura ibibazo byo kwangirika k'ubutaka n'imiterere yabwo ndetse no kwihaza mu biribwa Guverinoma y'urwanda ibinyujije mu kigo cy'amashyamba RFA ku  mfashanyo y'ibindi bigo by'ibidukikije muri Afurika, bagiye bashishikariza abaturage bose kugarura ubutaka bwangiritse , kubungabunga ibinyabuzima bitandukanye mu buhinzi no kunoza imikorere ,batera ibiti n'amashyamba Kandi hagafatwa ingamba zo kugabanya gutema ibiti no kubicana,mu rwego rwo gusana ubutaka bw' igihugu.

## Amashakiro
5.https://www.google.com/search?q=ubutaka&oq=ubutaka&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqCQgAEEUYOxiABDIJCAAQRRg7GIAEMgcIARAAGIAEMgcIAhAAGIAEMgcIAxAAGIAEMgcIBBAAGIAEMgYIBRBFGDwyBggGEEUYPDIGCAcQRRg8qAIAsAIA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
Ihererekanyabutaka mu Rwanda

Uburebenganzira bwa burimuntu mu Rwanda wese ufite ubutaka mukubuhererekanya uko abyifuza bikorerwa kubiro byumurenge cyagwa kwa noteri mugihe ubutaka buzakorerwamo ubucuruzi cyangwa  inganda kubuhererekanya bikorerwa kubiro byakarere.

## Amashakiro
Uruhare rw'ubwatsi mu kubungabunga ubutaka

## Ubwatsi

Ubwatsi n'ibimwe mu bihigwa biterwa mu butaka ,akaba ari ibiryo by'amatungo bikungahaye,

muri vitamin zigiye zitandukanye bigafasha cyane mu mikurire y'amatungo ubwatsi kandi bwifashishwa

mu kubungabunga ubutaka bugakomera bityo ntibutwarwe n'isuri .
 
 

## Amashakiro
Kubungabunga ubutaka

## Ubutaka Bwangiritse
Mumibereho yacu yaburimunsi tugira ibihe bitandukanye akenshi nakenshi tukabyungukiramo twe kuruhare rwacu nk'abahinzi twifuza imvura ariko iyo ibaye nyinshi iratwangiriza ikindi kandi iyo habonetse akazuba kagasutsurutsa imyaka yacu irera kandi iyo izuba ribaye ryinshi ritera amapfa. Bityo rero bishatse kuvugako uretse natwe abahinzi n'abantu bose bakeneye iterambere rikomoka kubutaka bwacu niyompamvu tutagomba kwirara kugeza ubwo ubutaka bwangiraka.

## Uko Twabungabunga Ubutaka
Ibikorwa bikwiye gukorwa mukubungabunga ubutaka  nuguca amaterasi y'indinganire kandi ugatera uvanga ibiti n'imyaka yo kurya ikisumbuyeho nuguca imirwanyasuri.

Ibyo tubikora dufatanyije n'abahinzi hamwe n'imiryango y'abahinzi yo mukarere.Ibikorwa bya VI AGROFORESTRY bishingiye ku buhinzi buvanga i biti n'imyaka. Ibi bikaba bituma abantu barushaho kubona ibibatunga,kongera ubukungu no kurwanya ingaruka no kurwanya ingaruka mbi z'imihindagurikire y'ikirere.

## Amashakiro
Ikigo gishinzwe ubutaka

## Ikigo gishinzwe ubutaka mugihugu
Ikigo gishyinzwe ubutaka cyashizweho n'iteka rya Perezida nomero 030/01 ryo kuwa 06/05/2022.

iki kigo kandi cyagiye kigira amavugurura agiye atandukanye cyagiye gihindurirwa amazina agiye 

atandukanye kuva mu 2008, Aho cyabanje kwitwa (NLC), ahanyuma mu mwaka wa 2011 cyitwa

ikigo gishinzwe umutungo kamere (RNRA) Mu mwaka wi 2017 gihindurirwa izina cyitwa ikigo

gishinzwe imicungire n'imikoreshereze y'ubutaka mu rwanda (RLMUA) Cyongerwa guhindurirwa 

izina cyongerwa guhindurirwa izina ariryo gifite kugeza (NLA) ubu.   

## Amavu n'amavuko
Kuva cyashingwa, cyakoze impinduka zigaragara kandi cyakoze impinduka zigaragara, cyahinduye 

urwego n'imicungire y'ubutaka  mu Rwanda, ibintu bimwe by'ingenzi byagezweho harimo n'a politike 

y'ubutaka muri rusange, Ikigo cy'igihugu cy'ubutaka cyagize uruhare runini rufatika mu gukemura amakimbiranemu baturage , binyuze mu gukemura amakimbirane  

## Amashakiro
Igishushanyo mbonera cy'imikoreshereze y'ubutaka

## Igishushanyo mbonera n'imikoreshereze y'ubutaka
Igishushanyo mbonera n'imikoreshereze y'ubutaka mu rwego rw'igihugu 

cyo kugeza mu mwaka wa 2050 igihugu cy'uhaye, bikaba by'aremejwe n'

inama y'aba minisitiri yateranye kuri tariki ya 29 nyakanga 2020 intego yacyo ni ukugaragaza 

uko ubutaka buzakoreshwa guhera mu mwaka wa 2020 kugeza muri 2050, hakurikijwe ubwiyongere bw'abaturage,

Hamwe n'umuvuduko  witerambere mu nzego zose ndetse n'intego igihugu kihaye kugeraho muri 2050.

## Ibyo igishushanyo mbonera kiza kemura
Igishushanyombonera cy'imikoreshereze y'ubutaka cyo kurwego rw'igihugu kivuguruye kije gukemura ikibazo k'imikoreshereze y'ubutaka aho urwego rumwe rw'ubuzima bw'igihugu rwakoreshaga ubutaka rutitaye kubutaka urundi rukeneye, muri iki gishushanyombonera buri rwego rw'ubuzima bw'igihugu bwagenewe ubuso bw'ubutaka Muburyo bukurikira.

- Ubuhinzi n'ubworozi 12,433km  

- Amashyamba : 7,725 km (29.3%)

- Imiturire, ibikowa remezo byose hamwe n'imihanda 3,980Km (15.1%)  

-Amazi, Imbogo zayo hamwe n'ibishanga bikomeye ; 2,200Km (8.5%)

## AMASHAKIRO
Uburenganzira k'umutungo

## Kuzungura
ubundi kuzungura bitangira iyo nyiri umutungo amaze kw'itaba Imana,

kikabera aho nyiri ubutaka yabaga, iyo habayeho kuzimira cyangwa kubura

izungura ritangizwa n'urubanza rutangaza uwazimiye cyangwa uwapfuye .

## N'ibande bemerewe ku zungura ?
Mu ngingo ya 53 y'iri tegeko nomero ya 27/2016 ryo kuwa 08/07/2016 rigenda imicungire

y'umutungo kamere utimukanywa cyangwa x undi mutungo uwariwo wose w'abashyingiranywe 

impano n'izungura ,Hateganya ko abahamagariwe kuzungura ari aba bakurikira.

Umuntu ushobora kuzungura n'umuntu ukiri muto cyangwa uhagarariwe igihe izungura ryatangiraga,

Kimwe n'umwana ukiri muto cyangwa se ukiri munda ya nyina apfa gusa kuvuka akiri muzaima.

## Impamvu ushobora kwamburwa izungura
Mu ngingo ya 56 y'itegeko rigena imicungire y'umutungo w'abashyingiranywe, Impano n'izungura 

hateganywa kp hari impamvu zishobora gutuma umuntu yamburwa uburenganzira mu gikorwa cy'izungura.

## AMASHAKIRO
Ubutaka bwo kunkombe z'amazi

## Ubutaka bwo  Nku nkombe n'umutungo rusange  wa Leta
Ubutaka bwo kunkombe n'ibiyaga n'umutungo rusange wa Leta. nta wemerewe kubukoresha atabiherewe uburenganzira,na minisitiri w'ibidukikije.Minisiteri y'ibidukikije n'ikigo cy'igihugu cyo kubungabunga ibidukikije (REMA) bari gukora ubukangura mbaga bugamije kw'ibutsa, abaturarwanda bose ko,bitemewe gushira ibikorwa mu butaka bufatwa nk'ubuhumekero bw'ibiyaga n'imigezi, kuko ari umutungo rusange wa Leta. Ubutaka buri muri metero 50 uvuye ku nkombe z'ibiyagana metero 10 uvuye ku nkombe z'imigezi buri mu mutungo rusange wa Leta,Hashingiwe ku iteka rya Minisitiri no 007/16.01 ryo kuwa 15/07//2010 rigena uburebure bw'ubutaka ku nkombe z'ibiyaga n'imigezi bushyinzwe mu mutungo rusange wa Leta yu Rwanda.

## AMASHAKIRO
Imihindagurikire y' ikirere

## hari ibiti bishorora gucika kubera imihindagurikire y'ikirere
abashakashatsi mubujyanye nibinyabuzima bavugako imihindagurikire y'ikirere ukwiyongera kubushyuhe ku isi bigatuma hari ibiti bicika  mubice bisanzwemo imihindagurikire y'ikirere bityo bakaba badushishikariza gufata neza ikirire cyacu.https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibimera/article/hari-ibiti-bishobora-gucika-kubera-imihindagurikire-y-ikirerehttps://www.bbc.com/gahuza/topics/c06gq67xwg1t

### ibyanjyiza ikirere
mubyajyiza ikirere harimo ibintu byinshi bijyiye bitandukanye, hari ibi karemano nkokuruka kwibirunga ndetse harimo nibyo abantu tujyiramo uruhare :ibinyabiziga bikoresha mazutu  biri mubyanjyiza ikirere, gutwika amakara nabyo biri mubyanjyiza ikirere.https://web.archive.org/web/20230213203521/https://www.kigalitoday.com/inkuru-zicukumbuye/article/ibinyabiziga-bihumanya-ikirere-byarahagurukiwe

### uko twafata neza ikirere

nyuma yuko ubushakashatsi bugaragaje ko imyuka iva mu modoka ifite 40% byubwandu bwikirere abafite ibinyabiziga bafite kujya bajya kubisuzumisha  kenshi gashoboka kujyirango birinde guhumanya ikirere.https://mobile.igihe.com/ibidukikije/article/huye-abafite-ibinyabiziga-beretswe-uko-babikoresha-badahumanya-ikirere

##### indanganturo
1.https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibimera/article/hari-ibiti-bishobora-gucika-kubera-imihindagurikire-y-ikirere

2.https://www.kigalitoday.com/inkuru-zicukumbuye/article/ibinyabiziga-bihumanya-ikirere-byarahagurukiwe

3.https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-59020125

4.https://mobile.igihe.com/ibidukikije/article/huye-abafite-ibinyabiziga-beretswe-uko-babikoresha-badahumanya-ikirere
Ikoranabuhanga ribika amakuru y'Ubutaka

Ikoranabuhanga ribika amakuru y'ubutaka rikoreshwa babika amakuru ku mijyi cyangwa imiturire, Amakuru y'ubutaka n'imikoresereze y'ubutaka mu nyungu z'iterambere ry'igihugu no kugena imikoreshereze y'ubutaka muri rusange.

Mu gihe uturere two mu mijyi dukura abategura igishushanyo mbonera bifashisha ikoranabuhanga rya GIS (Geographic Information System) kugirango ibafashe gukurikirana umutungo ,no gukurikirana ibikenewe by'iterambere. Imwe mu mpamvu ituma GIS aringenzi m gutegura imijyi n'ubushobozi bwo kumva neza ibikenewe mu mujyi ndetse no mu gihugu hamwe n'igishushanyo mbonera kibikenewe. mugutungsnya amakuru y'imiterere y'asaterite. gufotora mu kirere abakoresha igishushanyo bunguka ibitekerezo birambuye ku butaka n'ibikorwa remezo. mugihe abatuye umujyi bagenda bakwirakwira akamaro ka GIS kagaragarizwa mu bushobozi bwayo  bwo gukusanya amakuru menshi kandi akenewe, nko guhitamo ahajya inyubako nshya cyangwa se ahazqajya imyanda n'ibindi.

## Gucunga amakuru n'imiterere ya porogaramu
Intandaro ya Gis ni Ikusanyirizo ikubiyemo ibintu byerekana imiterere ya jewogarafi (Imiterere y'ahantu) ni ibintu byaho cyangwa ibiranga ububiko bwa GIS bushobora kubikwa mu buryo butandukanye. ikusanyirizo rya amadosiye atandukanye cyangwa ububiko bumwe bushoboka butandukanye. Gukusanya no gucunga aya makuru mubisanzwe bigiza igice kinini cy'umutungo n'ubutunzi bw'umushinga birenze kure cyane nko gusesengura ndetse no gushushanya.

## Amashakiro
Ishyamba rya jali

Bamwe mu baturage batuye mu murenge wa Jali bahangayikishijwe n'abamwe bitwikira amajoro bakigabiza ishyamba rya leta. ibi bikaba bikomeje guteza ikibazo cy'amasuri mu murenge ya jabana na Gatsata iherereye munsi y'irishyamba. Ubuyobozi w'akarere ka gasabo bwemera ko aya mashyamba ya Leta yo ku musozi wa Jali yangizwa cyakora ngo kubufatanye n'abaturage batuye muri iyi mirenge ikikijwe n'irishyamba bari gukaza amarondo hashyirwaho abantu b'umwihariko bacunga umutekano 

## Amashakiro
Kevin hart

**Kevin hart** ni umwenegihugu wa Amerika wavutse kuwa 06 Nyakanga 1979. Ni umukinnyi wa filime akaba numunyarwenya muri Amerika.

## Ubuzima bwe  bwite
Kevin hart yavukiye mu mujyi filadefiya kuwa 06 Nyakanga 1979. Kevin yavutse mumuryango wa Nancy hart na Henry Robert  Witherspoon, yarafite umuvandimwe mukuru uzwi nka Robert.akaba yararezwe numubye.

## Amateka
Kevin Hart yatangiye gukora nk'umunyarwenya  nyuma  yo kurangiza amashuri yisumbuye, nyuma yimukira mu makipe akomeye i New York na Los Angeles. Muri 2009 yasohoye alubumu ye ya mbere yitwa grow little men. 2011 yakoze urugendo rwo kumenyekanisha igihangano yise lough at my pain. aho yinjije milliyoni 15 z'amadolari. Kuva icyo gihe Hart yagiye muruhando rw'abakinyi ba filime ruzwi nka hollywood muri Amerika, aho yamenyekanye  muricomedi nka: *think like men*, *About Last Night*, *Get Hard, Central Intelligence* and two *Jumanji* features.

## Ishakiro
Imyubakire mu mugi wa Kigali

## Iby'ingenzi bigenderwaho
Umugi wa Kigali washyizeho amategeko n'amabwiriza ku bijyanye no kubaka amagolofa ajyanye n'igihe yaba ari ayubucuruzi cyangwa ayo guturamo ndetse n'amazu asanzwe n'imihanda.Ibyo byose bikorwa kugirango havanweho imiturire y'akajagari mu mugi wa Kigali ndetse no kwimura abantu batuye mu manegeka kugirango bakurwe mu kaga mbere yuko Ibiza bibageraho

## Gutunganya Umugi
U Rwanda rwashyizeho igishushanyo mbonera ,kizajya gifasha abatuye n'abifuza kubaka mu mugi wa Kigali no mu gihugu hose muri rusange,kumenya no gusobanukirwa  aho kubaka n'ubwoko bw'inyubako zemewe muri ako gace,kugirango hitabweho imibereho myiza y'abaturage n'iterambere ry'igihugu rirambye.

Hashyizweho Kandi gahunda yo kubaka imihanda mito yo ijya mu ngo Cyangwa iyo muri karitsiye, Leta ifatanije n'abaturage aho leta yishyura 70% Naho abaturage batuye aho umuhanda uzanyura bakiyishyurira 30% icyo gikorwa cyatangijwe ku mugaragaro mu murenge wa Kimironko kuwa 24 Werurwe mu Mwaka wa 2023 ubu byageze muri Kigali yose .

## Guhangana n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere
Mu rwego rwo guhangana n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere Guverinoma y' u Rwanda yashyizeho umushinga witwa Green City Kigali bisobanura " umugi w'icyatsi kibisi Kigali". Mu rwego rwo gushyiraho umugi urengera ibidukikije n'imibereho myiza y'abaturage , imicungire irambye y'imigi muri Afurika,uyu mushinga Kandi uhuza neza igishushanyo mbonera cy'umugi wa Kigali icyerekezo 2050 cy'u Rwanda 2050.

## Intanganturo
Ubuhigi mu Rwanda

**Abahigi bahiga** inyamaswa  ni umuntu uba mu baturage, cyangwa ukurikije imibereho yakomotse kuri ba sogokuruza, aho ibiryo byinshi cyangwa byose bibonerwa biturutse mu guhiga mu ishamba,   ni ukuvuga, mu gukusanya ibiryo biva ahantu bisanzwe biboneka., cyane cyane ibimera byo mu gasozi biribwa ariko nanone udukoko, ibihumyo, ubuki, amagi yinyoni, cyangwa ikindi kintu cyose cyiza cyo kurya, cyangwa  nu mukino wo guhiga (gukurikirana no / cyangwa gufata no kwica inyamaswa zo mu gasozi, harimo no gufata amafi ). Ibi nibimenyerewe mubisanzwe byintangangore zose zishobora byose . Imiryango ihiga abahigi ihabanye n’imiryango myinshi y’ubuhinzi yicaye, ishingiye cyane cyane ku guhinga ibihingwa no korora amatungo yororerwa mu biribwa, nubwo imipaka iri hagati y’inzira zombi zidatandukanye rwose.

Usibye abagabo, abagore nabo bakoraga mu guhiga muri 79% by'imiryango igezweho y'abahigi.  Icyakora, kugerageza kugenzura ubu bushakashatsi bwasanze ibimenyetso byerekana uburyo bwo gutoranya kubogama hamwe n’amakosa menshi ya  yangiza imyanzuro y’uru rupapuro  isesengura ryabo ntirivuguruza ibimenyetso byinshi bifatika byerekana ko igabana ry’imirimo rishingiye ku gitsina rishingiye ku gitsina.  Gusa abantu bankeya ziki gihe zabantu badafite aho bahurira baracyashyirwa mubikorwa nk'abahiga bahiga, kandi benshi bongera ibikorwa byabo byo kurisha hamwe  n'imboga .  

## Reba
Abanyarwanda ba cyera

**Abantu pygmy** ni ubwoko bw'abantu bafite uburebure buringaniye n'ubugufi budasanzwe. Iri zina  rikoreshwa mugusobanura fenotipe yuburebure bw'igihe gito (bitandukanye na dwarfisme itagereranywa igaragara mu bibazo byitaruye mu baturage) ku bantu aho abagabo bakuze bari munsi y'ikigereranyo cya cm 150 z'uburemure. 

Nubwo iryo jambo rifatwa nk'agasuzuguro,   rifitanye isano na Pygmies nyafurika, abahinga  ikibaya cya Kongo (kigizwe na Bambenga, Bambuti na Batwa ). 

Ijambo "Pygmies Asiatic" na "Pygmies Oceanic" ryakoreshejwe mu gusobanura abaturage ba Negrito bo mu majyepfo ya Aziya hamwe n’abaturage ba Australiya-Melaneziya bafite uburebure buto cyane.  Abanya Tarone bo muri Miyanimari bafite  ikibazo kidasanzwe cy'abaturage ba "pygme" bo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba .

## Uko bameze

## Reba
Ubukwe bwa kera mu Rwanda

**Ubukwe bwa kera mu Rwanda** ni ugushyingiranwa ku muhugu n'umukobwa, ni igihe umuhungu cyangwa umukobwa, babonaga ko akuze, ababyeyi bajyaga inama yo  kubashyingira. Nibo bagenzuraga uwobazashyingi­ranwa. Bihagurukiraga bakabaza mu nshuti, mu bamenyi babo, no· mu  bavandimwe,  balikure bose  bageragezaga kubona  umugeni, cyangwa umuhungu utunganye maze bagashyingiranwa .

## '''Kuranga cyangwa Kurangira'''
Ubukwe bwa cyera mu Rwanda, abanyarwanda  barashakishagaa, balitegerezaga, bashaka umuhungu cyangwa umugeni ukwiranye n’umwana wabo.

## '''Gusaba umugeni :'''
Ubukwe bwa cyera mu Rwanda bajyaga gusaba umugeni, hakagenda Se cyangwa undi muntu wo mu Muryango wabo, wizewe.

Bajyana inzoga, Batangaga inkwano:  Bamwe, batanga inka, abandi amasuka, abandi batangaga amatungo ihene.

## Reba
AMOKO Y'IBYIVUGO

## Icyivugo
ICYIVUGO  ni igisigo cyangwa umuvugo uba ugamije **kwirata ubutwari, ibigwi, cyangwa ibikorwa by'indashyikirwa byakozwe n'uwukivuga ubwe**. Mu muco nyarwanda, ni ubwoko bw'ubusizi bwakoreshwaga cyane mu gihe cy'intambara no mu birori. 

Mu kivugo umuntu  ni we wirata ubutwari yakoze, icyo cyivugo kibaba ari naho bitandukanira n'ibindi byivugo bisingiza. Iyo byabagako ko uvuga cy'undi wagombaga ku kivuga muri ngenga ya gatatu. Ibyivugo byari ibyo kurata ubutwari mdetse no kumara abandi bantu ubwoba.

Umuntu yashoboraga kwivugira ku murambo(intumbi) w'umuntu amatsinze mu rugamba, akavugira mu bitaramo, mu myiyereko y'intore no mu birori. Biragoye kumenya igihe inganzo y'ibyivugo yaba yaratangiriye mu Rwanda; gusa imaze igihe kirekire kuko bivugwa ko nambere y'ingoma ya Ruganzu Ndori, ibyivugo byariho.

Uwivuga arata ubutwari bwe ndetse agasingiza n'intwari ze. Mu butwari yirata harimo IBIGWI n' IBIRINDIRO. Ubusanzwe IKIGWI naho umuntu yiciye umwanzi. Mu bigwi intwari ivugamo amazina y'abanzi yatsinze mu rugamba n'aho yabatsinze naho  ibirindiro ni ibikorwa by'akataraboneka uwivuga aba yaragaragarije ku rugamba: nko kwimana bagenzi be, kubagarukira, gutahana iminyago, kwambikwa impeta z'ubutwari n'ibindi.

## AMOKO Y'IBYIVUGO
Ibyivugo nyabyo by'intwari bibamo amoko abiri.

# IBYIVUGO BY'INIGWA: ni ibyivugo bihimbitse neza ariko bigufi bitagira ibika. Urugero: Ikivugo cya KAMPAYANA KA NYANTABARutajabukwa n'imitima  Ingamba zimisha imitutu  Rwa Nyirimbirima  Ndi intwari inkotanyi yamenye  Yanshinze urugamba rw'inkoramaraso  Ati:"Rwampingane".  Nti:"Mukarangandekwe nzirana n'ababisha,  Iyo duhuye ndarakara."
# IBYIVUGO BY'IMYATO

Ni ibyivugo birebire bivabanyijemo ibika, buri gika cyikitwa 'UMWATO'.

Umwato uteye nk'ikivugo cyihariye ariko ukagira amagambo n'ibitekerezo biwuhuza n'iyindi biremanye ikivugo.

## AMASHAKIRO
Nigute na kwivuga