Amasezerano mpuzamahanga y’uburenganzira bwa muntu

**Amasezerano mpuzamahanga y’uburenganzira bwa muntu** ni amasezerano n’andi masomo mpuzamahanga akora nk’amategeko y’amategeko mpuzamahanga y’uburenganzira bwa muntu no kurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu muri rusange.  Hariho ubwoko bwinshi butandukanye, ariko ibyinshi birashobora gushyirwa mubyiciro bibiri bigari: *imenyekanisha*, ryemejwe ninzego nk’Inteko rusange y’umuryango w’abibumbye, ibyo bikaba byemewe na kamere, bityo bikaba bitemewe n'amategeko nubwo bishobora kuba byemewe na politiki kandi byubahwa cyane n'amategeko yoroshye ;,  kandi akenshi bikagaragaza amahame ngenderwaho; *n'amasezerano* ari amasezerano y’amashyaka menshi yagenewe gukurikizwa mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, ubusanzwe arimo imvugo yandika kandi yihariye, kandi ubusanzwe arangizwa nuburyo burebure busaba kwemezwa ninteko ishinga amategeko ya buri gihugu. Ntibizwi cyane ni "ibyifuzo" bimwe, nubwo bisa n’amasezerano kuko byemeranijweho impande zombi, ntibishobora kwemezwa ahubwo bigashyirwaho kugirango bishyirireho amahame rusange.  Hashobora kandi kubaho amabwiriza yubuyobozi yemeranijweho ibihugu byinshi, kimwe na sitati yinkiko cyangwa izindi nzego. Icyemezo cyangwa ihame ryihariye muri kimwe muri ibyo bikoresho mpuzamahanga mpuzamahanga birashobora, igihe, kugera ku rwego rwamategeko mpuzamahanga gakondo yaba yemerwa na leta cyangwa atemewe, gusa kubera ko azwi neza kandi agakurikizwa mugihe kirekire.

Amasezerano mpuzamahanga  arashobora kugabanywa mu *bikoresho by’isi yose*, aho igihugu icyo ari cyo cyose ku isi gishobora kuba ishyaka, hamwe *n’ibikoresho byo mu karere*, bigarukira ku bihugu byo mu karere runaka ku isi.

Amasezerano menshi nibyifuzo (ariko amatangazo make) ashyiraho uburyo bwo kugenzura no gushyiraho inzego zishinzwe kugenzura ishyirwa mubikorwa ryazo. Rimwe na rimwe, izo nzego zishobora kuba zifite ububasha buke bwa politiki cyangwa inzira zemewe n'amategeko, kandi zishobora kwirengagizwa n’ibihugu bigize uyu muryango; mu bindi bihe, ubwo buryo bufite inzego zifite ububasha bukomeye bwa politiki kandi ibyemezo byabo bishyirwa mubikorwa. Urugero rwiza rwanyuma ni Urukiko rwu Burayi Ruharanira Uburenganzira bwa Muntu .

Uburyo bwo gukurikirana nabwo buratandukanye ku rwego rwo kugera ku muntu ku giti cye kugira ngo agaragaze ibibazo by'ihohoterwa no kwinginga. Mu masezerano cyangwa ibyifuzo bimwe &#x2013; urugero nk'amasezerano y’uburayi y’uburenganzira bwa muntu &#x2013; abantu cyangwa ibihugu biremewe, hashingiwe ku bihe bimwe na bimwe, kujyana imanza ku rukiko rwuzuye ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Rimwe na rimwe, ibi birashobora gukorwa mu nkiko zigihugu kubera ububasha rusange .

Itangazo mpuzamahanga ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu, Amasezerano mpuzamahanga y’uburenganzira bwa muntu mu bya politiki na politiki, n’amasezerano mpuzamahanga y’uburenganzira bw’ubukungu, imibereho myiza n’umuco hamwe n’ibindi bikoresho mpuzamahanga by’uburenganzira bwa muntu rimwe na rimwe byitwa " Umushinga mpuzamahanga w’uburenganzira bwa muntu ". Amasezerano mpuzamahanga y’uburenganzira bwa muntu agaragazwa na OHCHR  kandi menshi avugwa kurubuga rwa OHCHR.

## Amatangazo

### Isi yose

* Itangazo ry'uburenganzira bw'umwana 1923
* Itangazo mpuzamahanga ry'uburenganzira bwa muntu ( UN, 1948)
* Itangazo ryerekeye uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga ( UN, 1975)
* Itangazo ryerekeye uburenganzira ku iterambere (ubushakashatsi bwa Loni bwasohotse mu 1979; itangazo rya Loni ryatangajwe mu 1986)
* Itangazo rya Vienne na Gahunda y'ibikorwa ( Inama mpuzamahanga ku burenganzira bwa muntu, 1993)
* Itangazo rya Beijing hamwe na platifomu y'ibikorwa (Inama ya kane y'isi ku bagore, 1995)
* Itangazo ry'inshingano n'inshingano z'umuntu ( UNESCO, 1998)
* Itangazo mpuzamahanga ku mico itandukanye ( UNESCO, 2001)
* Itangazo ryerekeye uburenganzira bw’abasangwabutaka ( UN, 2007)
* Itangazo ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryerekeranye n’imibonano mpuzabitsina n’irangamuntu ( UN, 2008)

## Intara: Amerika

* Amatangazo y'Abanyamerika y'Uburenganzira n'inshingano z'umuntu ( OAS, 1948)
* Itangazo ry’Abanyamerika ku burenganzira bw’abasangwabutaka (OAS, 2016)

## Intara: Aziya

* Itangazo ry'inshingano z'ibanze z'abaturage na guverinoma ya ASEAN ( Inama y'akarere ishinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu muri Aziya, 1983)
* Itangazo ry'uburenganzira bwa muntu muri ASEAN ( ASEAN, 2009)

## Intara: Uburasirazuba bwo hagati
Itangazo rya Kairo ry'uburenganzira bwa muntu muri Islamu ( OIC, 1990)

## Amasezerano

### Isi yose
Nk’uko OHCHR ibivuga, hari amategeko 9 *y’ibanze* mpuzamahanga y’uburenganzira bwa muntu hamwe na protocole nyinshi zitemewe. 

* Amasezerano yerekeye guca burundu ivangura rishingiye ku moko (ICERD, 21 Ukuboza 1965)
* Amasezerano mpuzamahanga y’uburenganzira bwa muntu na politiki (ICCPR, 16 Ukuboza 1966)
* Amasezerano mpuzamahanga ku burenganzira mu bukungu, imibereho myiza n’umuco (ICESCR, 16 Ukuboza 1966)
* Amasezerano yerekeye guca burundu ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose rikorerwa abagore (CEDAW, 18 Ukuboza 1979)
* Amasezerano yo kurwanya iyicarubozo n’ubundi bugome, ubumuntu cyangwa butesha agaciro cyangwa ibihano (CAT, 10 Ukuboza 1984)
* Amasezerano yerekeye uburenganzira bw’umwana (CRC, 20 Ugushyingo 1989)
* Amasezerano mpuzamahanga yerekeye kurengera uburenganzira bw’abakozi bose bimukira n’abagize imiryango yabo (ICMW, 18 Ukuboza 1990)
* Amasezerano mpuzamahanga yo kurengera abantu bose kubura ku gahato (CPED, 20 Ukuboza 2006)
* Amasezerano yerekeye uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga (CRPD, 13 Ukuboza 2006)

## Amatangazo

### Isi yose

* Itangazo ry'uburenganzira bw'umwana 1923
* Itangazo mpuzamahanga ry'uburenganzira bwa muntu ( UN, 1948)
* Itangazo ryerekeye uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga ( UN, 1975)
* Itangazo ryerekeye uburenganzira ku iterambere (ubushakashatsi bwa Loni bwasohotse mu 1979; itangazo rya Loni ryatangajwe mu 1986)
* Itangazo rya Vienne na Gahunda y'ibikorwa ( Inama mpuzamahanga ku burenganzira bwa muntu, 1993)
* Itangazo rya Beijing hamwe na platifomu y'ibikorwa (Inama ya kane y'isi ku bagore, 1995)
* Itangazo ry'inshingano n'inshingano z'umuntu ( UNESCO, 1998)
* Itangazo mpuzamahanga ku mico itandukanye ( UNESCO, 2001)
* Itangazo ryerekeye uburenganzira bw’abasangwabutaka ( UN, 2007)

## Intara: Amerika

* Amatangazo y'Abanyamerika y'Uburenganzira n'inshingano z'umuntu ( OAS, 1948)
* Itangazo ry’Abanyamerika ku burenganzira bw’abasangwabutaka (OAS, 2016)

## Intara: Aziya

* Itangazo ry'inshingano z'ibanze z'abaturage na guverinoma ya ASEAN ( Inama y'akarere ishinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu muri Aziya, 1983)
* Itangazo ry'uburenganzira bwa muntu muri ASEAN ( ASEAN, 2009)

## Intara: Uburasirazuba bwo hagati
Itangazo rya Kairo ry'uburenganzira bwa muntu muri Islamu ( OIC, 1990)

## Amasezerano

### Isi yose
Nk’uko OHCHR ibivuga, hari amategeko 9 *y’ibanze* mpuzamahanga y’uburenganzira bwa muntu hamwe na protocole nyinshi zitemewe. 

* Amasezerano yerekeye guca burundu ivangura rishingiye ku moko (ICERD, 21 Ukuboza 1965)
* Amasezerano mpuzamahanga y’uburenganzira bwa muntu na politiki (ICCPR, 16 Ukuboza 1966)
* Amasezerano mpuzamahanga ku burenganzira mu bukungu, imibereho myiza n’umuco (ICESCR, 16 Ukuboza 1966)
* Amasezerano yerekeye guca burundu ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose rikorerwa abagore (CEDAW, 18 Ukuboza 1979)
* Amasezerano yo kurwanya iyicarubozo n’ubundi bugome, ubumuntu cyangwa butesha agaciro cyangwa ibihano (CAT, 10 Ukuboza 1984)
* Amasezerano yerekeye uburenganzira bw’umwana (CRC, 20 Ugushyingo 1989)
* Amasezerano mpuzamahanga yerekeye kurengera uburenganzira bw’abakozi bose bimukira n’abagize imiryango yabo (ICMW, 18 Ukuboza 1990)
* Amasezerano mpuzamahanga yo kurengera abantu bose kubura ku gahato (CPED, 20 Ukuboza 2006)
* Amasezerano yerekeye uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga (CRPD, 13 Ukuboza 2006)

Ibindi bikoresho byinshi byuburenganzira bwa muntu birahari. Ingero nke:

* Amasezerano mpuzamahanga yerekeye guhashya no guhana icyaha cya Apartheid (ICSPCA)
* Amasezerano mpuzamahanga yerekeye kurengera uburenganzira bw’abakozi bose bimukira hamwe n’imiryango yabo
* Amasezerano ajyanye n’imiterere y’impunzi na Porotokole ijyanye n’imiterere y’impunzi
* Amasezerano yerekeye kugabanya ubwenegihugu
* Amasezerano yerekeye gukumira no guhana icyaha cya jenoside
* Amasezerano y'abasangwabutaka n'imiryango, 1989 (ILO 169)
* Inteko ya HURIDOCS Inaugural (HURIDOCS, 24 Nyakanga 1982)
* Amasezerano ya SOS-iyicarubozo (OMCT, 14 Mata 1983)

## Intara: Afurika

* Amasezerano nyafurika ku burenganzira bwa muntu n’abaturage (Kamena, 1981)
* Amasezerano nyafurika yerekeye uburenganzira n’imibereho y’umwana (1990)
* Amasezerano ya Maputo (11 Nyakanga 2003)
* Amasezerano y’urubyiruko nyafurika (30 Kamena 2006)
* Amasezerano yo muri Afurika y’abafite ubumuga (30 Kamena2019)
* SADC Porokireri y'Uburinganire (verisiyo ivuguruye itangira gukurikizwa 2018)

## Intara: Amerika

* Amasezerano y'Abanyamerika yerekeye Uburenganzira bwa Muntu
* Amasezerano yo muri Amerika yo gukumira no guhana iyicarubozo
* Amasezerano hagati y'Abanyamerika yerekeye kubura abantu ku gahato
* Amasezerano hagati y'Abanyamerika yerekeye gukumira, guhana, no kurandura ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore
* Amasezerano hagati y’Abanyamerika yerekeye guca burundu ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose rikorerwa ababana n’ubumuga

## Intara: Uburayi

* Amasezerano y’uburenganzira bw’ibanze bw’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi
* Amasezerano yerekeye ibikorwa byo kurwanya icuruzwa ryabantu
* Amasezerano y’i Burayi yerekeye ubwenegihugu
* Amasezerano y’iburayi ku ndimi zo mu karere cyangwa bake (ECRML)
* Amasezerano y’uburayi y’uburenganzira bwa muntu (ECHR)
* Amasezerano y’ibihugu by’i Burayi agamije gukumira iyicarubozo n’imiti ya kimuntu cyangwa itesha agaciro cyangwa ibihano (CPT)
* Amasezerano y’ibihugu by’i Burayi (ESC), hamwe n’Imibereho Myiza y'Abaturage
* Amasezerano y’ibanze yo kurengera rubanda rugufi (FCNM)

## Intara: Uburasirazuba bwo hagati
Amasezerano y'Abarabu ku burenganzira bwa muntu (ACHR) (22 Gicurasi 2004)

### Reba kandi

* Ububasha rusange
* Kugendera ku mategeko mu mushinga w'amakimbirane yitwaje intwaro (RULAC)
* Urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha (rwashinzwe mu 2002)
* Amategeko mpuzamahanga arengera uburenganzira bwa muntu
* Ifaranga ry'uburenganzira bwa muntu
* Inzego z’amasezerano y’uburenganzira bwa muntu
* Urutonde rwimiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu
* Urutonde rwimiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa kavukire
* Urutonde rwamasezerano mpuzamahanga agamije imibereho myiza yinyamaswa
* Kugendera ku mategeko
* Amategeko Ukurikije Amategeko Makuru