open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Isuku muri Nyakarambi

## Intangiriro
Nyuma y’uko Akarere ka Kirehe gaherereye mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba kemejwe nk’umwe mu mijyi yunganira Umujyi wa Kigali, imbaraga nyinshi ziri gushyirwa mu guteza imbere aka Karere hubakwa ibikorwaremezo bitandukanye, ni aho nyakarambi iri gutungamya nku mugi wa karere.

## Nyakarambi

Umujyi wa Nyakarambi ugizwe n’ibice by’Imirenge ya Kigina na Kirehe, uretse kuba utuwe, ni naho hari Isantere y’ubucuruzi nini, Ibiro by’Akarere ka Kirehe n’ibindi bigo bitanga serivisi  ibya Leta n’ibyigenga, Ibitaro by’Akarere ka Kirehe, Gare ya Nyakarambi, Isoko rya Nyakarambi, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwo ku rwego rw’akarere ka Kirehe, Ingoro y’Umuryango FPR Inkotanyi, ibikorwa bitandukanye by’abikorera nk’amahoteri, Agakiriro k’Akarere ka Kirehe n’ibindi.Kuri ubu umujyi wa Nyakarambi ari na wo ufatwa nk’umujyi mukuru w’Akarere ka Kirehe utuwe n’abagera ku bihumbi 25.

## Isuku
Ubuyobozi bw’ Akarere ka Kirehe, inzego z’umutekano n’abafatanyabikorwa batandukanye bazindukiye mu bikorwa byo kwimakaza umuco w’isuku n’umutekano ku bufatanye na Polisi y’u Rwanda, mu bukangurambaga bufite insanganyamatsiko igira iti: “Isuku, umutekano no kurwanya igwingira ry’abana bato bihore ku isonga” Muri ubu bukangurambaga bwatangijwe kuu mugaragaro mugitondo cyo kuri uyu wa Gatatu, tariki 7 Ukuboza, Abagize Komite Nyobozi y’Akarere ka Kirehe, inzego z’umutekano zo muri aka Karere bifatanyije n’abatuye n’abakorera mu bice by’imirenge ya Kigina na Kirehe, mu Mujyi wa Nyakarambi bakora ibikorwa bigamije kwimakaza isuku hanatangwa ubutumwa bwo kubungabunga umutekano mu buryo bwose by’umwihariko no muri izi mpera z’umwaka wa 2022.Mu bikorwa byakozwe harimo gushyira ku muhanda ibyapa byibutsa abantu kwita ku isuku, ahashyirwa imyanda habugenewe; bikajyana no gutanga ubutumwa bwo kwita ku isuku, kubungabunga umutekano, no kwita ku mimikurire y’umwana hagamijwe gukumira igwingira.

## Igitondo cy’isuku
Gukora ubu bukangurambaga ku isuku n’umutekano byahuriranye na gahunda y’Igitondo cy’isuku nayo ikorwa buri wa Gatatu mugitondo mu mirenge 12 igize Akarere ka Kirehe, mu rwego rwo kwimakaza isuku y’aho abantu batuye n’aho bakorera; aho abaturage bafata umwanya wo gukora isuku aho batuye no mu dusantere bakoreramo. Ubukangurambaga buri gukorwa buri muri gahunda ngarukamwaka y’ukwezi kwahariwe ibikorwa bya Polisi, aho bwibanda ku bikorwa bigamije kuzamura iterambere n’imibereho myiza y’umuturage muri rusange.

## Amashakiro
Sosiyete y'Abayapani ishinzwe kubungabunga inyoni

Izwi ku izina rya Japanese Society for Preservation of Birds: rimwe na rimwe "Ishyirahamwe ry’Abayapani rishinzwe kubungabunga inyoni",  ryashinzwe mu 1947, rishyiramo nyuma yimyaka icumi, kandi iharanira Inyungu Rusange yashinzwe muri 2012.   Intego y'Umuryango ni "kurengera inyamaswa cyane cyane inyoni, guteza imbere kubungabunga, no kugira uruhare mu kubungabunga urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima ".  

## Reba
Ikigo cyubushakashatsi bwibidukikije cya pasifika cyitiriwe John von Neumann

**Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi bw’ibidukikije cya John von Neumann cya Pasifika** ni ikigo kidaharanira inyungu cy’ubushakashatsi bw’ibidukikije na antropologiya cy’ishami nyobozi rya guverinoma ya Kolombiya cyanditswe na Minisiteri y’ibidukikije n’iterambere rirambye kandi gishinzwe gukora ubushakashatsi n’iperereza ku nkombe za pasifika n’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye .ya Chocó biogeographic ishyushye . 

## Reba
Ishyirahamwe ryo kurengera inyoni zo ku nyanja

**Ishyirahamwe rirengera inyoni zo ku nyanja** ryashinzwe mu mpera z'umwaka wa 1860  na nyiricyubahiro. Henry Frederick Barnes-Lawrence uri ku butegetsi bwa Bridlington Priory  kugira ngo ahagarike imyitozo yo kurasa inyoni zo mu nyanja muri siporo, ibyo bikaba byari byemewe n'amategeko mu itegeko ryo kubungabunga inyoni zo mu nyanja 1869 .  Usibye guteza imbere umuryango muri Yorkshire Barnes-Frederick yanashinze ishami i Ryde aho yari yarabaye Kurate . 

## Reba
Ibidukikije fatizo bya Kambodiya

**ibidukikije fatizo bya Kambodiya** ni itsinda riharanira ibidukikije muri Kamboje ndetse n’umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta . Iri tsinda ryashinzwe n’umukangurambaga wa Espagne Alejandro Gonzalez-Davidson mu 2013. Iri tsinda ryiyamamaje neza kandi ryamagana gusenya urugomero rw’amashanyarazi rwateganijwe mu kibaya cya Areng mu 2014.  Bamaganye kandi ubucukuzi bw'umucanga no gutema amashyamba muri Kamboje.  Ubuvugizi bw'iryo tsinda no kunenga guverinoma ya Kamboje byatumye abantu benshi bakurikiranyweho kandi bafungwa ndetse na Mama Kamere bakuraho Minisiteri y'Ubutegetsi bw'igihugu mu rwego rwa ONG mu mwaka wa 2017 

Gonzalez-Davidson yirukanywe mu gihugu akatirwa igifungo cy'amezi 20 mu 2015 *adahari* .  Nubwo yagizwe umwere mu 2019, abarwanashyaka benshi bo muri Kamboje bahamwe n'icyaha barafungwa.  Murwanashyaka wa Mama Kamere yarafunzwe mu ntangiriro za 2021 azira "gushishikariza" imyigaragambyo y’umugore umwe yamagana kuzura ikiyaga muri Phnom Penh.  Muri Kamena 2021, abarwanashyaka batatu batawe muri yombi bakurikiranyweho ibyaha bitandukanye birimo gutuka Umwami, mu rwego rwo kunengwa n’imiryango mpuzamahanga iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu na ambasade z’Amerika na Suwede muri icyo gihugu.    

## Reba
Ishyirahamwe ry'abanyamerika bakomoka muri Afurika ryita ku bidukikije

**Ikigo cy’ibidukikije, Ubucuruzi n’ingufu** (Centre) ni ikigo cyigenga, giharanira inyungu rusange cyibanda ku bibazo by’ibidukikije. Intego zavuzwe zirimo kurengera ibidukikije, kuzamura ibidukikije bifasha abantu, inyamaswa n’ibimera, guteza imbere imikoreshereze myiza y’umutungo kamere no kongera uruhare mu bikorwa by’ibidukikije.

**Ishyirahamwe ry'abanyamerika bakomoka muri Afurika** ( **AAEA** ) ni ukuboko kugererayo Ikigo.

Ikigo cyisobanura ko ari "igitero simusiga". cyashyigikiye imyanya ya politiki ya Repubulika, cyane cyane iya Perezida George W. Bush ku bibazo nk’ubushakashatsi bw’ingirabuzimafatizo n’ingufu za kirimbuzi, ariko inagaragaza ko ishyigikiye demokarasi harimo na Joseph Lieberman .

ik kigo cyashyizwe ku rutonde rw’umunyamuryango w’ihuriro ry’ibicuruzwa bya kirimbuzi na Norris McDonald n’umuyobozi wungirije. AAEA yashyizwe ku rutonde rw’umunyamuryango wa New York Yizewe Yizewe Y’amashanyarazi. http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=African_American_Environmentalist_Association AAEA ikomeza Blog y'Ubutabera bushingiye ku bidukikije http://environmentaljusticeblog.blogspot.com

## Ubuyobozi
Iri tsinda ryashinzwe na Norris McDonald wakomeje kuba perezida waryo.

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Ikigo cyibidukikije, ubucuruzi & ingufu
* Ishyirahamwe nyafurika ryita ku bidukikije
Ikigo cyo kubungabunga ibinyabuzima muri Afurika

**Ikigo Nyafurika gishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije** (ACC) ni umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta ufite icyicaro mu gihugu cya Kenya . Iri tsinda ryashinzwe mu 1995. Mu 2007, cyakiriye inkunga y'amadorari y'Abanyamerika 200.000 yatanzwe na Ford Foundation . Ibikorwa byabo byibanze ku kongerera ubushobozi "kubungabunga inyamaswa binyuze mu bumenyi bwiza, ibikorwa by’ibanze n’imiyoborere myiza ." https://web.archive.org/web/20071018031703/http://www.conservationafrica.org/index.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20180425032015/http://www.africanlatitude.com/loisiijolodgeshompole.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1:home&catid=1:loisiijo-lodge mu mishinga yayo , Shompole Group Ranch . "

## Indangagaciro
Nk’uko urubuga rwa ACC rubitangaza, intego nyamukuru y’uyu muryango ni ukurinda urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byo muri Afurika y’iburasirazuba hashyirwa mu bikorwa ibisubizo byo kubungabunga ibidukikije hakoreshejwe ubumenyi bw’abaturage ndetse n’abahanga. Uru rubuga rushimangira kandi akamaro k’ibi bisubizo byerekana ibyo abasangwabutaka bakeneye ndetse n’ibidukikije bitandukanye ACC ishaka kubungabunga. 

## Icyerekezo
Kubungabunga ubuzima butandukanye hagamijwe imibereho myiza y’abaturage n’ibidukikije ". https://web.archive.org/web/20230220100635/https://trickleout.net/index.php/directory-pilot/kenya/african-conservation-centre

## Inshingano
Inshingano ni ukubungabunga inyamaswa n’ibidukikije muri Afurika y’iburasirazuba ndetse no hanze yayo hifashishijwe ubumenyi bwa siyansi n’abasangwabutaka, kuzamura imibereho no guteza imbere inzego zifatika. " https://web.archive.org/web/20230220100635/https://trickleout.net/index.php/directory-pilot/kenya/african-conservation-centre

## Amateka
Ikigo Nyafurika gishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije cyatangiye mu myaka ya za 70. Ku ikubitiro, byatangiye nk'ubushakashatsi ku kibazo cyo kubungabunga inyamaswa. Mu 1995, iki kigo cyanditswe " https://web.archive.org/web/20211208175540/https://www.accafrica.org/who-we-are/history/ nk'umuryango udaharanira inyungu. Kuva icyo gihe, ishyirahamwe ryakuze kugera kuri byinshi. Muri 2012, ACC yafatanije n’ishyirahamwe ry’amajyepfo rya Rift rya ba nyir'ubutaka gushinga Kenya Rangeland Coalition. " https://web.archive.org/web/20211208175540/https://www.accafrica.org/who-we-are/history/

## Amashakiro

* Ikigo cyo kubungabunga Afurika
* Inkunga ya Ford 
* Shompole Itsinda ryumushinga
Siramori Diabaté

**Siramori Diabaté** (1933 - 1989) yari uwo mu bwoko bwa *griotte* bwo muri Mali . Izina rye rya mbere rimwe na rimwe ryitwa **Sira Mori** cyangwa **Siramory**, mu gihe izina rye rya nyuma rimwe na rimwe ryitwa **Jabaté** .

## Ubuzima
Diabaté yavukiye mu mudugudu wa Kela, mu Karere ka Koulikoro. Umujyi uzwi cyane ku bantu bavukiyeyo bo mu bwoko bwa giriyoti,  kandi Diabaté yakomokaga mu muryango uzwiho impano. Sekuru, Kelabalaba, ngo ni we muntu wa mbere mu muryango mugari we wasomye ku mugaragaro Epic ya Sundiata, mu gihe se, Bintu'amma, yari azwi cyane nk'umucuranzi, cyane cyane kubera ubuhanga yari afite kuri *ngoni* .  Diabaté ubwe yari umwe mu rubyiruko rwigishijwe, rwigiye ku mizi y'abakurambere barwo ariko rwinjiza bimwe mu bice by'ubuzima bwo mumijyi bugezweho mu bikorwa byabo byerekeranye no gutaramira ku rubyiniriro  Yatangiye kumenyekana mu karere mu ntangiriro ya za 1940, cyane cyane ku ndirimbo ye "Sara",  ivuga ku mukobwa ukiri muto witandukanijwe n’ubukwe bwari bwateguwe n'ababyeyi be bifuzaga kumushyingira maze akurikira icyifuzo cye cyo gushaka uwo yihitiyemo kubera urukundo.  Yasomye kandi Epic ya Sundiata; uku gutarama kwe binyuze no mu bindi bihangano bye bigizwe n'izindi ndirimbo byatumye abantu bamwishimira hamwe na ethnomusicologiste w'umufaransa, ndetse no gufata amajwi y'ibi bihangano byatumye arushaho gukundwa cyane, ku buryo yari azwi cyane kurusha abenegihugu benshi b'abagabo bo muri giriyoti, ndetse. Guverinoma y’abasosiyaliste ya Mali yamugaragarije nk'umuntu wishimira umuco, kandi buri gihe yacurangaga umuziki we kuri radiyo ya leta. Yakomeje gusurwa naba antropologiste nabanyamateka mu myaka ya za 70. Diabaté yagize uruhare runini mu gisekuru kizaza cy'abacuranzi bo muri Mali, nka Salif Keita na Rokia Traoré, kandi yakoranye n'intiti zo mu Burengerazuba nka Barbara Hoffman.  Yigeze kuvugwa ko "azi Mandé yose". 

Byakunze guhwihwiswa ko Diabaté yakoresheje uburyo ndengakamere yifashishije imigenzo gakondo kugira ngo agire ubwiza bw'ijwi rye.  Mugihe yaririmbaga rimwe na rimwe yabaga ari no kuri gitari ye . Ugereranije, bike mu bikorwa bye yakoreraga ku rubyiniriro byarokotse ku bubiko bwo kuri disiki, nubwo bike byafashwe amajwi n'amashusho mu 1974 n'ibindi mbere y'amezi menshi mbere y'urupfu rwe.  Ibi biracyaboneka kuri disiki yoroheje ya CD.  Yashakanye n'umukinnyi wa balafon Nankoman Kouyaté;  benshi mu bana babo nabo babaye abahanzi,  na mwishywa we Kassé Mady Diabaté n'umuririmbyi.  Umuhanga mu bya muzika, Jan Jansen, wakoranye na Diabaté mu bushakashatsi, yavuze ko yakuye *jamu* we, cyangwa ko yitwa izina rye, Sidiki Kouyaté, mu izina ry’umugabo we, kubera ko umuryango wabo wari hafi. 

## Reba
Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga mu ryifashishwa mu kubungabunga bidukikije

**Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ryifashishwa mu kubungabunga ibidukukuje** cyangwa **CET**, cyahoze kizwi nka **Laboratoire y’ikoranabuhanga y’ibidukikije ya NOAA, Ishami ry’Ubucuruzi muri Amerika**, ni ikigo gihuriweho n’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe inyanja n’ikirere (NOAA) na kaminuza ya Colorado, gishushanya bimwe mu byumva cyane imiyoboro ya radiyo kwisi kugirango ikore kandi ituje microwave yitegereza ibintu byo ku isi no mu kirere.

## Ishakiro ryo hanze

* Urubuga rwemewe
Gahunda yo muri Afurika yo hagati yo kubungabunga ibidukikije

Gahunda **yo muri Afurika yo Hagati ishinzwe Ibidukikije** ni ikigo cy’Abanyamerika gishinzwe iterambere mpuzamahanga (USAID) kigamije guteza imbere imicungire y’umutungo kamere urambye mu kibaya cya Congo . Igamije kurinda amashyamba mu bihugu nka Gabon, Kameruni na Repubulika ya Kongo itanga ahantu heza ho kubungabunga urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima. iyi porogaramu ikora kugirango igabanye umuvuduko wo kwangirika kw’amashyamba no gutakaza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima mu gushyigikira andi matsinda no gukorera hamwe hagamijwe kongera urwego rw’ibanze, igihugu, ndetse n’akarere mu gucunga umutungo kamere. 

## Amashakiro
Diblo Dibala

**Diblo Dibala** (wavutse ku ya 9 Kanama 1954), bakunze kwita **Diblo**, ni umucuranzi wa soukous wo muri Kongo,  azwi ku izina rya "Machine Gun" kubera umuvuduko n'ubuhanga agaragaza kuri gitari .

Yavutse mu 1954 i Kisangani. Yimukiye i Kinshasa akiri umwana, maze afite imyaka 15 yatsinze mu marushanwa yo kugaragaza impano bituma atangira gucuranga gitari mu itsinda ryitwa TPOK rya Franco. Dibala yabanye niri tsinda mu gihe gito gusa, akomeza gucurangana na Vox Africa, Orchestre Bella Mambo na Bella Bella, muri iryo tsinda yacuranzemo bwa mbere yabanagamo na Kanda Bongo Man . 

Mu 1979, yimukiye i Buruseli, maze mu 1981 yinjiye mu itsinda rya Kanda Bongo Man i Paris. Album yabo ya mbere, yitwa *Iyole* (yasohotse mu 1981), yakiriwe neza. Diblo yabaye umucuranzi wa gitari nyuma yo gukorana na Pepe Kalle n'abandi bahanzi benshi ba soukous.

Mu myaka ya za 1980 rwagati, yashinze itsinda rye bwite, **Loketo** (bisobanura 'ikibero'), hamwe n'abaririmbyi barimo Aurlus Mabele na Mav Cacharel. Nyuma y'imyaka mike, iryo tsinda ryarasenyutse, maze mu 1990 ashinga itsinda rishya, ryitwa **Matchatcha**, na n'ubu riracyakora nyuma y’abarigize benshi bagiye bahindagurika.

## Reba


## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Diblo kuri AfricanMusic.org
* Diblo kuri AfrikaSound.com
Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku bidukikije

**Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku bidukikije** (CES) cyari ikigo cyita ku bidukikije mu Bwongereza. cyashinzwe mu mwaka w'1967 na guverinoma ya kabiri ya Wilson nk'ikigo cyigenga cy'bagiraneza kigamije guteza imbere uburezi n'ubushakashatsi mu igenamigambi n'igenamigambi ku bidukikije. cyatangiriye ku nkunga ya 750.000 $ yatanzwe na Ford Foundation n'inkunga yatanzwe na guverinoma y'Ubwongereza. 

Umuyobozi wa mbere yari AH Chilver, umwarimu w’ubwubatsi muri kaminuza ya London. Ikigo cyatangiye gusuzuma ibikenewe mu bushakashatsi mu gutegura ibidukikije ku mibereho y’abantu, no gusuzuma uburyo n’aho ubu bushakashatsi bwakorerwa neza. Mu 1969 , David Donnison yatorewe kuba Umuyobozi ayobora kugeza kuguma mu 1976. Muri kiriya gihe yagenzuye ishyirwaho ry’ivunjisha .

Inkunga yatanzwe muri iki kigo yakuweho na guverinoma ya Thatcher mu 1979.  Ikigo cyakomeje imyaka runaka nkurwego rwigenga, gifunga mu myaka ya za 1980.

## Reba
Amashyamba muri gatsibo

Ikigo cy’igihugu cyita ku bidukikije giherutse gusobanurira abanyenganda bakorera mu Rwanda uburyo bashobora kugabanya guhumanya ikirere maze izonganda zikabaha amafaranga.

## Kongera Amashamba
Kubera gahunda yo kongera amashyamba u Rwanda rufite, banki nyafurika itsura amajyambere yarugeneye inkunga y’amayero miliyoni 4.59 mu rwego rwo gufasha u Rwanda kwita ku mashyamba no kuyongera. Ibikorwa byo kongera amashyamba mu Rwanda bizatuma u Rwanda rushobora kwinjiza amafaranga atangwa n’inganda zikomeye zisohora imyuka yangiza ikirere. Ikigo cy’igihugu cyita ku bidukikije giherutse gusobanurira abanyenganda bakorera mu Rwanda uburyo bashobora kugabanya guhumanya ikirere maze izonganda zikabaha amafaranga. Ishyamba rizitabwaho ni irya Gishwati aho kurisana mu gihe cy’imyaka 3 bishobora kuzatanga akazi ku baturage bagera kuri 400 bagashobora kwikura mu bukene.

## Ibikorwa
hari ibikorwa biri gukorwa mu akarere ka Gatsibo byo kubungabunga amashyamba :

* Guhagarika abatwika amashyamba 
* Guhagaika gutema  ibiti mu ishyamba rya Leta

## Cana rumwe
Umushinga ‘Rwanda for Peace and Progress’-RPP ugiye guha abaturage ibihumbi 70 bo mu Karere ka Gatsibo amashyiga yitwa ‘Cana rumwe’ arondereza ibicanwa mu rwego rwo gusigasira no kurengera ibidukikije. Akarere ka Gatsibo kagizwe n’ibice birimo iby’imisozi miremire n’iby’imirambi, harimo ahakunze kurangwa n’izuba ryinshi, ibi bice byose bikaba bidafite amashyamba menshi ku buryo abaturage babona ibicanwa uko babishaka.Bamwe mu babyeyi bo muri Gatsibo bemeza ko izi mbabura zizagabanya hamwe na hamwe amakimbirane yaterwaga no gucanira ku nkwi, yaturukaga cyane ku mwanda wo mu gikoni kugabura ibiryo bihumuramo imyotsi n’ibindi byinshi bizamukira kuri ibyo. Uyu mushinga uzamara imyaka itatu ishobora kongerwa, ukazakorera mu mirenge yose y’Akarere ka Gatsibo uko ari 14.

## Itegeko
Ingingo ya 59 y’iri tegeko ivuga ko umuntu wese utuma ibimera bikomye bipfa, ubisenya, ubisarura cyangwa ubyangiza, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko, ahanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka itatu (3) ariko kitarenze imyaka itanu (5) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi ya miliyoni imwe (1.000.000 FRW) ariko atarenze miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000FRW).Itegeko N°48/2018 ryo ku ya 13/08/2018, mu ngingo yaryo ya 44 ivuga ko hagamijwe kurengera ibinyabuzima, ibikorwa bikurikira birabujijwe: gutwika amashyamba, pariki z’Igihugu n’ibyanya; gutwika ibishanga, inzuri, ibihuru, ibyatsi hagamijwe ubuhinzi cyangwa gutunganya inzuri z’amatungo ndetse n’ibindi bikorwa ibyo aribyo byose byangiza ibidukikije birabujijwe.

## Amashakiro
Aïssa Djermouni

**Aïssa Djermouni** cyangwa **Aïssa El Jermouni** cyangwa **Aissa Merzougui** cyangwa **Aïssa L'Jarmouni** (1886–1946) ni umusizi wo muri Alijeriya akaba n'umuririmbyi ukomoka muri Berber . 

## Ubuzima
Aïssa Djermouni yavukiye i M'toussa (Kenchela) mu 1886, Merzoug akomoka muri federasiyo ikomeye y’imiryango ya Berber Aïth Kerkath (H'rakta mu cyarabu) ikora  ku karere kari hagati ya Batna, Khenchela na Aïn Beïda mu majyepfo ya Constantinois; ishami abarizwamo ni Igerman, bityo bigaragaza imvano y'izina rye Jermouni. Akomoka mu muryango w'abahinzi. Impresario ye yari Umuyahudi kavukire, Bwana Snoussi, wamumenyekanishije kuri sosiyete itunganya amajwi n'ibihangano nka Philips, Ouardaphone, nizindi guhera mu myaka ya za mirongo itatu. 

## Inkomoko

* Igitabo, Ounissi. Mohamed. Salah : Aïssa L'Jarmouni, champion de la chanson aurésienne, ANEP, Rouiba, 2000, Alijeriya.
* Igitabo, La culture africiane: le symposium d'Alger, 21 juillet-1er août 1969, Société nationale d'édition et de diffusion, 1969.

## Reba

## Inkomoko

* Encyclopédie berbere muri ligne 
* igitabo google inligne
Umuryango urengera Ibidukikije by’Ubufaransa

**umuryango urengera Ibidukikije by’Ubufaransa** ( **FNE** ) ni ihuriro  ry’amashyirahamwe arengera ibidukikije  mu Bufaransa.  Ryashinzwe mu 1968 nka federasiyo y’imiryango y’Abafaransa ishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije ( *Fédération française des sociétés de protection de la nature [ fr ]* byamenyekanye ko bifite inyungu rusange ( *reconnu d'utilité publique [ fr ]* ) mu 1976.

iri huriro, FNE rivuga mu izina ry’umutwe w’abanyamuryango bagera ku 90000 mu mashyirahamwe agera ku 9000 yo mu Bufaransa ndetse n’intara zayo zo mu mahanga, zishyizwe mu mashyirahamwe 46 y’abanyamuryango.

Ikirangantego cya Federasiyo ni uruzitiro, kandi intego yacyo Partout où la nature a besoin de nous ("Ahantu hose ibidukikije bidukeneye").

## Reba
Itangazamakuru ry’ibidukikije ry’iburayi

**Itangazamakuru ry’ibidukikije ry’ibihugu by’i Burayi (EEP)** n’ishyirahamwe ry’ibihugu by’i Burayi ry’ibinyamakuru birenga icumi bitara inkuru ku bidukikije  hamwe bikwirakwizwa 800.000. Buri munyamuryango afatwa nk'umuyobozi mu gihugu cye kandi yiyemeje kubaka umubano hagati y’inzobere 400.000 z’ibidukikije mu Burayi haba mu nzego za Leta n’abikorera. iiri tangazamakuru rihuza ibinyamakuru byambere by'ubucuruzi n’ubucuruzi nk'urwego rw'inzobere mu gukwirakwiza amakuru meza y’ibidukikije mu Burayi. Isoko rigenewe EEP ni abantu bize cyane. Ikemura ibibazo bitandukanye by’ibidukikije, birimo gutanga amazi, gucunga imyanda, gutunganya ibicuruzwa, gutunganya ubutaka bwanduye, guhumanya ikirere, urusaku, ingufu, n’ikoranabuhanga rikurikirana, ndetse n’ubuyobozi bw’ibidukikije.  Ikinyamakuru gifite icyizere cyikoranabuhanga cyane kandi cyibanze ku bisubizo byinshi byikoranabuhanga mubibazo byibidukikije. 

Itangazamakuru ry’ibihugu by’i Burayi ryita ku bidukikije ryitanga ibihembo bitandukanye bijyanye no gushakira igisubizo kiboneye ibibazo by’ibidukikije ndetse n’ingamba zo kugabanya umwanda no kugira uruhare mu kuzamura ibidukikije.  Ibyo babikora bafatanije na Pollutec, uruganda rw’ubucuruzi rw’Abafaransa rwemejwe n’umuryango w’ibihugu by’i Burayi by’inzobere mu bidukikije (EFAP). Gusaba biratangazwa kandi byemerwa numuntu uwo ariwe wese. Komite noneho ikoranya ikanatoranya abatsinze icumi ugendeye ku rutonde rw'abahatana. Komite noneho ihitamo abatsinze muri icumi batowe. Hariho abatsinze batatu - zahabu imwe, ifeza imwe, n'umuringa umwe. Abatsindiye zahabu bahabwa ikwirakwizwa mu binyamakuru bya EEP, hamwe n'umwanya wo kwerekana imishinga yabo mu nama zitandukanye mu Burayi, icy'ingenzi ni Pollutec. Gutorwa ariko kudatsinda nabyo birashobora kuba ingirakamaro, nkuko abasaba gutorwa bakunze kuvugwa mu kinyamakuru. 

## Ubushinwa hamwe n’itangazamakuru ry’ibidukikije
Ikinyamakuru The Guardian na EEP bafatanije muri Gicurasi 2010 mu gushimira ingufu Ubushinwa bugamije kugabanya umwanda no gufata ingamba zigana ejo hazaza heza. Iki kandi cyari igikorwa cy'itangazamakuru, giha agaciro abanyamakuru bakoraga ubucukumbuzi bw'inkuru nshya kandi bwimbitse kubidukikije byigihugu. 

Ekoloji Magazin ukomoka muri Turukiya yakundaga gusohoka muri EEP mu ntangiriro ya za 2000, ndetse na TIASA yo muri Esipanye - Tecno Ambiente

## Reba kandi

* Ishyirahamwe ryinzobere mu bidukikije
* Kubungabunga ibinyabuzima
* Imyitwarire yo kubungabunga
* Urugendo rwo kubungabunga
* Ibidukikije
* Urugendo rwibidukikije
* Ibidukikije
* Ibidukikije
* Kurengera ibidukikije
* Kubungabunga imiturire
* Ibidukikije
* Umurwa mukuru
* Umutungo kamere
* Ibikoresho bishya
* Iterambere rirambye
* Kuramba

## Reba
Axali Doëseb

**Axali Doëseb** (wavutse mu 1954) n'umuhimbyi w'amanota ya muzika wo muri Namibiya. Yanditse kandi ahimba " Namibiya, Igihugu cy'Ubutwari ", iyi ikaba ari indirimbo yubahiriza igihugu cya Namibiya kuva mu 1991. Yabaye kandi umuyobozi wa Orchestre y'igihugu Symphony. 

Muguhhimba indirimbo yubahiriza igihugu yagenzurwaga na Hidipo Hamutenya, icyo gihe yari perezida wa *komite ishinzwe ibimenyetso bikuru by’igihugu* .  Mu 2006, Hamutenya yavuze ko yanditse ayo magambo ayigize we ubwe, "mu ndege yerekeza muri Cuba", ariko Doëseb arabihakana. 

## Ubuzima
Doëseb yavutse mu 1954 i Okahandja. Yerekanwe n'umuziki mu myaka ye y'amashuri, yize amasomo ya piyano mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Martin Luther, i Okombahe . Nyuma yaje guhimba liturujiya y'Itorero ry'ivugabutumwa Lutheran muri Namibiya. Doëseb yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse muri muzika muri Musikschule Herford (mu Budage ). Mu 1997, yabonye impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya mbere cya kaminuza mu bugeni ayikuye mu ishami rya Muzika muri kaminuza ya Marlborough ( mu Bwongereza ).

Nkumuhimbyi uzwi cyane, Doëseb yasabwe n.amashuri menshi kubandikira indirimbo zabo zishuri. Yabaye kandi perezida wa komite ishinzwe guhimba indirimbo y’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika i Addis Abeba, muri Etiyopiya. Muri 2014, yahawe igihembo cy'ubuzima bwe bwose muri (Namibian Annual Music Awards) (NAMAs) ibihembo byirushanwa ngarukamwaka rya muzika ryo muri Namibiya. 

## Reba
Cana rumwe

Umushinga ‘Rwanda for Peace and Progress’-RPP ugiye guha abaturage ibihumbi 70 bo mu Karere ka Gatsibo amashyiga yitwa ‘Cana rumwe’ arondereza ibicanwa mu rwego rwo gusigasira no kurengera ibidukikije.
## Akarere ka Gatsibo

Akarere ka Gatsibo kagizwe n’ibice birimo iby’imisozi miremire n’iby’imirambi, harimo ahakunze kurangwa n’izuba ryinshi, ibi bice byose bikaba bidafite amashyamba menshi ku buryo abaturage babona ibicanwa uko babishaka.

## Cana rumwe
RPP yemeza ko uyu mushinga ugamije kubungabunga no kurengera ibidukikije ugiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa muri uyu mwaka wa 2022-2023,  akomeza agira ati: “Ishyiga tugiye gutanga ni Cana rumwe ku buryo bivuguruye rigabanya ibicanwa ku kigero gifatika, iri shyiga rikoresha ibicanwa bicye, risohora umwotsi mucye utazangiza ikirere n’ubuzima bw’umuntu, rizafasha abaturage kuzigama amafaranga bakoreshaga bagura inkwi bakaba bayakoresha ikindi.Aya mashyiga azatangirwa ubuntu kuri buri muntu, abazayahabwa uruhare rwabo ngo ni ukuba bafite amatafari y’inkarakara 12, amazi, icyondo n’amase yo gukurungira aho rizubakirwa. Naho kubaka aya mashyiga bizakorwa n’urubyiruko ruzahabwa akazi rukishyurwa n’umushinga.

## Imbabura
Abaturage 320 babarizwa mu cyiciro cya mbere n’icya kabiri cy’ubudehe bo mu Murenge wa Kabarore mu Karere ka Gatsibo, bahawe imbabura zizwiho kurondereza inkwi, abandi bagenerwa ibigega by’amazi mu rwego rwo kubafasha guhangana n’ikibazo cy’inkwi n’icy’amazi.Izi mbabura n’ibigega babihawe ku wa Gatanu, tariki ya 3 Kamena 2022, babihabwa na Banki ya Kigali ifatanyije na Green Solution and Supply Ltd.Imbabura buri muturage yahawe ifite agaciro k’ibihumbi 40 Frw ikaba irondereza inkwi ku kigero cya 60%, ikigega buri muturage yahawe kimwe cyakira litiro 1500 z’amazi. Nyuma yo guhabwa izi mbabura n’ibigega by’amazi abaturage bashimiye abafatanyabikorwa babibazaniye bavuga ko bizabafasha cyane.

## Amashakiro
Umwuzure wa St. Petersburg mu wa 1824

**Umwuzure wa St. Petersburg mu mwaka wa 1824** wabaye mu 1824 uhitana abantu magana. Wari umwuzure wahitanye abantu benshi mu mateka y’Uburusiya na St. Petersburg. Urwego rw'amazi rwageze kuri santimetero 421 saa 14h00 (2 PM), niwo mwuzure w'amazi menshi wanditswe mu mateka y'Uburusiya.  

## Amashakiro
Umuryango udaharanira inyungu "Inshuti z'isi (HK)"

**Inshuti z'isi (HK) Charity Limited (FoE (HK))** ni umuryango w’ibidukikije ukorera muri Hong Kong washinzwe mu mwaka w'1983. Uk kwitwa Inshuti z'isi (HK) cyangwa FoE (HK), ifite abanyamuryango barenga 12.000. 

Kubera ko uyu muryango (HK) nta nkunga isanzwe itangwa na guverinoma, ishingiye ku mpano zitangwa n'abaturage ndetse n'imirimo y'ubwitange. 

Uyu muryango ukora ibikorwa byo kwamamaza ibidukikije no kwigisha ibidukikije. Ntabwo ari itsinda ry'uyu muryango ku rwego mpuzamahanga, kubera kutumvikana kuri politiki ya nyuma yo kurwanya abaterankunga.

## Ubuyobozi
Uwahoze ari Umuyobozi, Madamu Mei Ng, yamenyekanye ku mirimo yakoranye n’uyu muryango ubwo yatorewe kujya mu muryango w’abibumbye ku isi 500 ku rutonde rw’icyubahiro ku munsi w’ibidukikije ku isi mu mwaka wa 2000.

## Korera ku mugabane w'Ubushinwa
Kuva mu 1992, itsinda ry’Abashinwa ry'uyu muryango(HK) ryagiye rihuza umugabane w’Ubushinwa n’amatsinda y’abagore, abanyeshuri, abize, imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta, abakozi n’inzego za Leta. Abantu babarirwa mu magana mu Bushinwa banditswe nk'abajyanama n'abanyamuryango b'icyubahiro. FoE (HK) yahaye kandi "Isi Igihembo" abantu bahaye ibibazo by’ibidukikije. 

## Amashakiro
Ihuriro ryo kubungabunga ibidukikije i Geneve

**Ihuriro ryo kubungabunga ibidukikije rya Geneve**  ni ubufatanye bw’amashyirahamwe arenga 75 y’ibidukikije n’imiryango iharanira iterambere rirambye ikorera mu karere ka Geneve, harimo ibiro na gahunda z'umuryango w’abibumbye, abayobozi b’ibanze, ibigo by’amasomo n’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta.

Ryashinzwe mu 1999 ku nkunga y’ibiro bikuru by’Ubusuwisi bishinzwe ibidukikije, kandi ku bufatanye n’ibiro by’akarere ka UNEP by’Uburayi (ROE), Ubunyamabanga bwa GEN bufite icyicaro mu **nzu mpuzamahanga y’ibidukikije** (IEH), bukoranira munsi y’inzu rusange urwego rw’umuryango w’abibumbye n’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta ikora mu bijyanye n’ibidukikije n’iterambere rirambye. GEN iteza imbere ubufatanye n’imikoranire hagati y’abanyamuryango bayo mu gutegura no kwakira inama ku bidukikije n’iterambere rirambye, nk’inama n’amahugurwa mpuzamahanga. Mu myaka icumi ishize, iri huriro ryatanze ikigo cyakira neza, ahantu hamwe hashobora kugera ku makuru y’ibidukikije n’ubumenyi ku banyamuryango bayo ndetse n’abaturage muri rusange, na serivisi z’inama.

Abagize umuyoboro batanga umusanzu muri iri huriro mugusangira amakuru nibikoresho, gufatanya no kwitabira ibirori.

## Ishakiro ryo hanze

*
* www.genevaenvironmentnetwork.org
Abarinzi b'umugezi wa Huai

### Umugezi wa Huai
**Abarinzi b'uruzi rwa Huai (Guardians of the Huai River)** ni umuryango udaharanira inyungu washinzwe na Huo Daishan uharanira kurengera umugezi wa Huai rwo mu Bushinwa .  ,

### Intego nyamukuru z'uyu muryango:

* Kuvuganira no kurengera ibidukukije by'uruzi rwa Huai
* Gukarurira abaturage kwita ku mazi meza no kubungabunga uruzi.
* Gukorana n'inzego za leta n'abandi bafatanyabikorwa mu gushaka ibisubizo birambye byo guhangana n'ikibazo cy'ihumana ry'umugezi.

Uyu muryango uzwi cynae ku isi mu bikorwa byo kurengera ibidukikije, cyane cyane mu bijyanye n'ihumana ry'amazi mu Bushinwa.

## Amashakiro
Umwuzure w'umugezi utukura mu wa 1826

**Umwuzure w'umugeI utukura mu mwaka wa 1826** wari umwuzure uteye ubwoba wabereye ku ruzi rutukura muri Manitoba . Umwuzure niwo munini wibasiye agace ka Winnipeg (kugera ku mpinga ya 40% hejuru y’umwuzure w’Umugezi rutukura rwo mu mwaka1997 ), kandi wariyongereye kubera umuyaga mwinshi hamwe n’urubura. Umwuzure watumye isaranganya ry’abaturage mu kibaya cy’Umugezi utukura, rigira ingaruka ku ishyirwaho rya gari ya moshi ya Kanada ya Pasifika, kandi ryagize uruhare runini mu igenamigambi ry’ibiza bizaza muri iyo ntara.  

## Reba kandi

* Umwuzure w'umugezi utukura mu wa 1950 

## Amashakiro
Celestine Donkor

Musical artist

**Celestine Donkor** ni umuhanzi w'indirimbo zihimbaza Imana wo mu gihugu cya Gana akaba n'umwanditsi w'indirimbo.   Muri Werurwe 2021, yari umwe mu bagore 30 ba mbere bakomeye muri muzika binyuze muri *3Music Awards* mu cyiciro cy'abagore.  Yashinze Celestial Praise, igitaramo ngarukamwaka cya muzika yo guhimbaza Imana. 

## Ubuzima bwo mugihe cya mbere n'uburere
Donkor yavutse mu muryango wa Bwana na Madamu Akakpo, bombi bakomoka mu karere ka Volta muri Gana.   Amashuri abanza yayize mu ishuri ritegura rya St Augustine i Abeka Lapaz akomereza ku ishuri ryisumbuye ry’ubucuruzi rya Nsaaniya i Kasoa aho yize amashuri yy isumbuye. Yakomereje muri kaminuza ya Gana, muri Legon aho yakuye impamyabumenyi ya yicyubahiro y'icyiciro cya mbere cya kaminuza mu ishami ry'ubumenyi bw'imibanire y'abantu n'amasomo yo gucunga amakuru. 

## Umwuga wa muzika
Donkor yakoranye n'abahanzi benshi b'injyana ihimbaza Imana,  barimo Joe Mettle, Joyce Blessing, Ceccy Twum, Mkhululi Bhebhe, Edem, Philipa Baafi, Funny Face .  Afite indirimbo nyinshi zamenyekanye,  zirimo "Turning around", "Bigger", "Okronkronhene", "Manim Nguase", "Boobobo". Album ye aheruka *Agbebolo* yamuhesheje igihembo cyo kuba Umuhanzi w'umwaka muri *National Gospel Music Awards* mu bih.mbo by'indirimbo zihimbaza Imana mu gihugu  

## Ubuzima bwite
Yashakanye na Bwana Donkor bafitanye abana ba bakobwa batatu. 

## Disikogarafi

### Alubumu

* *Gye Wadea* (2007)
* *Restoration* (2010) 
* *Righteousness* (2015)
* *Turning Around* (2015) 
* *Okronkronhene* (2018) 
* *Bread of life* (2019) 

## Gutanga ibihembo

## Reba
Ihuriro ry'abahinde ku Isuzuma ry’imihindagurikire y’ikirere

**Umuyoboro w’Abahinde ku Isuzuma ry’imihindagurikire y’ibihe** (INCCA) ni ihuriro ry’abahanga mu bya siyansi mu Buhinde bafute intego yo gushyira ahagaragara ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bukanagenzurwa ku bijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu Buhinde . 

Byatangajwe ku ya 7 Ukwakira umwaka w'2009 http://moef.nic.in/downloads/others/Final_Book.pdf, hagira hati:

Yongeye gutangazwa ku ya 25 Mutarama 2012 n’umuyobozi w’ishami rishinzwe guhangana imihindagurikire y’ikirere muri Minisiteri y’ibidukikije nyuma y’inama y’ingamba iyobowe n’umunyamabanga uhuriweho (Climate) JM Mausker, ari nacyo cyerekeranye no gutegura gahunda y’ibikorwa by’igihugu cy’Ubuhinde ku bijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ( NAPCC).  Ku ya 4 Gashyantare 2010, Minisitiri w’ibidukikije mu Buhinde, Jairam Ramesh, yatangaje ko izahuza abahanga 250 baturutse mu bigo by’ubushakashatsi 125 by’Abahinde kandi bagafatanya n’imiryango mpuzamahanga.isuzuma rya mbere ry’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ryashyizwe ahagaragara ku ya 11 Gicurasi 2010 n’isuzuma rya kabiri ry’ikirere rigomba gutangazwa mu Gushyingo 2010 izaba ikubiyemo raporo zerekeye Himalaya, inkombe z'Ubuhinde, imisozi miremire ya Ghat ndetse n'akarere k'amajyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bw'Ubuhinde. Yavuze ko izakora nk '“IPCC yo mu Buhinde”, ariko ko itazahangana n'akanama gashinzwe umutekano ku isi k’umuryango w’abibumbye gashinzwe imihindagurikire y’ikirere (IPCC  .

Ramesh yatangaje kandi ko hatangijwe ikigo cy’igihugu cy’Ubuhinde cya Gimalaologiya. Yavuze ko nubwo yubaha IPCC, ntaho bihuriye n'inshingano kandi intege nke zayo ni uko itakoze ubushakashatsi bwayo. Ramesh yanagaragaje kubogama kwayo byatumye itumva ukuri ku karere, ahubwo yishingikirije ku isuzuma ry’izindi raporo, ibyo bikaba byaratumye habaho " goof-up " ku mashyamba ya Amazone, ibibarafu bya Himalaya, hamwe n’ibarafu.  

## Reba
Mbuya Dyoko

**Mbuya Beulah Dyoko**, uzwi cyane ku izina rya **Mbuya Dyoko** (23 Ugushyingo 1944 - 26 Gicurasi 2013) yari umuhanzi wo muri Zimbabwe.

## Amateka
Yavukiye i Zvimba, azwi cyane mu ndirimbo " **Makuwerere** ", ni we muhanzi wa mbere w’umugore wo muri mbira wafashe amajwi ya muzika we mu buryo bw'ubucuruzi mu myaka ya za mirongo itandatu. Muri Kamena 2005, ubwo yari mu ruzinduko muri Amerika, nk'ingwate ya Operation Restore Order inzu ye yo mu gikari yarasenyutse, kubera ko yari afite umunaniro wo mu mutwe, yaje kuba umusinzi. Nyuma yaje gufatwa n'indwara ya cirrhose y'umwijima, maze igihe yavurwaga n'inzobere z'Abanyamerika, yarakomeretse cyane (harimo no gutakaza amenyo ye)  apfira mu rugo rwe rwa Mutagatifu Mariya i Chitungwiza.

## Reba
Ihuriro rya Indoneziya rishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije

**Ihuriro rya Indoneziya rishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije** ( *Wahana Lingkungan Hidup Indoneziya*, WALHI) ni umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta ukomoka mu gihugu cya Indoneziya udaharanira inyungu, ukaba uri mu ihuriro ry’inshuti z’isi mpuzamahanga.

uyu muryango washinzwe mu mwaka w'1980 yinjira muri Itsinda ry'inshuti z'isi mu 1989. WALHI ni umuryango utegamiye kuri leta uharanira inyungu z’ibidukikije muri Indoneziya. WALHI ihuza imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta irenga 479 n’abantu 156 mu birwa binini bya Indoneziya, hamwe n’ibiro byigenga hamwe n’intara zo mu nzego z’ibanze ziri mu ntara 27 muri 31 z’igihugu. Akanyamakuru kayo kasohotse mu Cyongereza no mu rurimi kavukire. WALHI ikora ku bibazo byinshi, birimo amakimbirane ashingiye ku buhinzi ku bijyanye no kubona umutungo kamere, uburenganzira bw’abasangwabutaka n’abahinzi, inkombe n’inyanja, ndetse no gutema amashyamba. WALHI ifite kandi ibibazo byinshi byo guca imipaka nk'imihindagurikire y’ikirere, abagore no gucunga ibiza . 

Ingano yacyo ni ngari kuruta kwita ku bidukikije gusa: "Risobanura impinduka mu mibereho, ubusugire bw'abaturage, no kuramba kw'ubuzima n'imibereho."  Uru rubuga ruvuga kandi ko abakorerabushake ba WALHI bafashije nyuma y’umutingito wa Yogyakarta mu 2006 muri Yogyakarta .

Kuri ubu ihuriro rifite uruhare mu gushinga ishyaka rya Green Party muri Indoneziya . 

## Amashakiro
Ikigo gishinzwe ingufu n’ubushakashatsi ku bidukikije

**Ikigo gishinzwe ingufu n’ubushakashatsi ku bidukikije** (IEER) n’umuryango urwanya ingufu za kirimbuzi   wibanda ku mutekano w’ibidukikije no kurwanya  kugabanuka kwa ozone, n’ibindi bibazo bijyanye n’ingufu .  IEER isohora ibitabo bitandukanye bivuga ku bijyanye n’ingufu,   ikora amahugurwa y’abarwanashyaka ku bibazo bya kirimbuzi, ikanatera inkunga ibiganiro mpuzamahanga ndetse n’imishinga yo kwegera uburezi. IEER yashinzwe mu 1987 ikaba ifite icyicaro muri Takoma Park, Maryland . 

Arjun Makhijani ni Perezida w'ikigo gishinzwe ingufu n'ubushakashatsi ku bidukikije.

## Amashakiro
Imihindagurikire y’ikirere

U Rwanda rubangamiwe n‘impanuka karemano zikomoka ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere cyangwa y’ibintu byo mu nda y’isi. - Zimwe muri izo mpanuka ni : izuba rikabije, imvura y’amahindu, imyuzure, inkangu, imitingito, kuruka kw’ibirunga n’ibyorezo. Mu myaka 10 ishize, izi mpanuka zabaye mu by’ukuri mu gihugu cyose. Izi mpanuka zirushaho kugira ubukana bitewe n’imihingire mibi, itemwa ry’amashyamba no kwangiza ibidukikije ari byo bimwe muri ibyo. Ibihe by’izuba nibyo akenshi bitera amapfa, ibura ry’ibiribwa, igabanuka ry’aamoko y’inyamaswa n’ay’ibimera, iyimuka ry’abaturage bashaakisha ibyo kurya n’inzuri.

## Imitingito y’isi
U Rwanda ruherereye mu karere kaberamo imitingito y’isi ifite inkomoko yayo mu kiyaga cya Kivu. Agace k’amajyaruguru ashyira uburengerazuba bw’igihugu kagizwe n’uruhererekane rw’ibirunga gakunze kuberamo imitingito. Ibi bituma u Rwanda rukunze kuberamo imitingito y’isi, by’umwihariko Akarere k’uburengerazuba. Mu minsi ya vuba aha koko, imitingito 2 iifite ubukana bwa 6,1 na 5,0 mu mibare ya Richter kimwe n’intandaro zayo yabaye ku itariki ya 3 n’iya 14 Gashyantare 2008, umwe ku wundi. Inkomoko y’iyo mitingito y’isi yari iherereye hafi y’umujyi wa Bukavu mu nkengero z’ikiyaga cya Kivu, muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo.

## Kuruka kw’ibirunga
Uruhererekane rw’ibirunga mu majyaruguru ashyira uburengerazuba, harimo na Nyiragongo iri muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, gihora k’itezwe guteza ibibazo kubera y’uko gikunze kuruka. Uko kuruka kw’ibirunga kubangamiye abatuye mu turere twa Goma na Gisenyi, aha mbere ari ho muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo ahandi ari mu Rwanda. Iruka rya vuba ryabaye muri Kanama 2005 ryateje iyangirika ry’ibikorwa remezo mu mujyi wa Goma muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo ku mupaka w’umujyi wa Gisenyi mu Karere ka Rubavu.

## Umuti
Guhangana n’ihindagurika ry’ikirere: U Rwanda rwasanze hari ibintu 6 byihutirwa mu guhangana n’Imihindagurikire y’ikirere:

* Gucunga neza Umutungo kandi ; uburyo Bukomatanyije (IWRM); 
* Gushyiraho uburyo bwo gutanga amakuru kugira ngo inzego zishinzwe amazi n’izishinzwe ubumenyi bw’ikirere n’ubuhinzi zigire icyo zimenya hakiri kare no gushyiraho inamba zo gutabara bidatinze; 
* Guteza imbere ibikorwa byo mu rwego rw’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi bisuganyije; 
* Guteza imber ibikorwa bitari iby’ubuhinzi bibyara inyungu; 
* Kuzana amoko ahangana n’ibihe bikabije;
* Gutunganya amasoko y’ingufu asimbura inkwi zo gucana.

## Amashakiro
Umuryango ubungabunga ibidukikije muri Falkland

**umuryango ubungabunga ibidukikije muri Falklands**  ni umuryango w’abagiraneza washinzwe ufite intego zo kurinda inyamaswa n’ibidukikije kamere y’ibirwa bya Falkland mu nyanja ya Atalantika y'Amajyepfo. Irashaka kubungabunga no gukora ubushakashatsi bwa siyanse mu binyabuzima byo mu birwa bya Falkland no gutangaza ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi kugira ngo bimenyeshe abaturage mu rwego rwo kubungabunga ibidukikije. Barashaka kandi kubungabunga umurage w'izinga rya Falkland no gukora ibindi bikorwa by'urukundo. 

## Amateka
Inkomoko y'uyu muryango yatangiriye mu 1979 igihe itsinda ry’ibidukikije, harimo na Peter Scott, ryashinze umuryango w’abagiraneza wanditswe mu Bwongereza, Falkland Islands Foundation (FIF), kugira ngo urinde inyamaswa zo mu bwoko bwa Falkland n’ubwato bw’amateka. Mu 1980, urundi rwego, Falkland Islands Trust (FIT) rwashinzwe mu birwa.

Mu mwaka w'1982, nyuma y'intambara ya Falkland, FIF yabaye umuryango ushingiye ku banyamuryango. Ihuriro rya FIT na FIF mu 1991, ryatangijwe ku mugaragaro ku ya 1 Kanama na David Attenborough mu rwego rwo kubungabunga Falkland.

uyu muryango ufite ubufatanye na BirdLife International, ihagarariye ibirwa bya Falkland, ndetse n’umunyamuryango w’umuryango mpuzamahanga uharanira kubungabunga ibidukikije .

## Amashakiro

* 
*
Umwuzure w'umugezi w'Umuhondo mu wa 1887

**Umwuzure w’umugezi w’Umuhondo mu mwaka wa 1887** muri Qing China watangiye muri Nzeri 1887 uhitana byibuze abantu 930,000.   Niwo mwuzure umwe wahitanye abantu benshi mu Ubushinwa, bituma uba umwe mu biza byibasiye abantu benshi mu Ubushinwa .

## Amateka
Mu binyejana byinshi, abahinzi batuye hafi y'umugezi w'Umuhondo bari barubatse inkuta zitangira amazi yo mu migezi, uko igihe cyagiye kiza amazi yakomeje kujya hejuru kuri rwa rukuta, mu buryo bwo kwirinda umwuzure, bagombaga gushyira imyanda yabo ku ruzi. Mu 1887, umugezi wariyongereye, ugenda ukura kubera imvura yarimaze iminsi igwa kandi ikabije, nuko ruhita rwangiza inkombe ahagana ku ya 28 Nzeri, rutera umwuzure mwinshi. Kubera ko nta shyirahamwe mpuzamahanga ripima imbaraga z’umwuzure ubusanzwe rishyirwa mu byiciro by’ibyangiritse, ubujyakuzimu bw’amazi, n’umubare w’abapfuye.

Amazi yo mu mugezi w'umuhondo muri rusange atekerezwa ko yaciye mu ruzi rwa Huayuankou, hafi y'umujyi wa Zhengzhou mu ntara ya Henan . Bitewe n'ibibaya biri hafi y’akarere, umwuzure ukwirakwira vuba mu majyaruguru y’Ubushinwa, ureshya na kilometero kare  50,000 (130,000 km), igishanga cy'imiturire y'ubuhinzi n'ibigo by'ubucuruzi. Nyuma y'umwuzure, miliyoni ebyiri zasizwe iheruheru .  Icyorezo cyavuyeho no kubura iby'ingenzi byahitanye abantu benshi nkabazize umwuzure. Wari umwe mu myuzure ikabije yabayeho mu mateka, nubwo nyuma ya 1931 umwuzure wa Yangtze-Huai ushobora kuba warahitanye miliyoni enye.  Umubare munini w'abantu bapfuye ni 3.000.000. 

## Reba kandi

* Urutonde rw'ibiza mu Ubushinwa by'ibasiwe n’abapfuye

* Urutonde rw'umwuzure m'ubushinwa
* Urutonde rwibiza byibasiwe n’abapfuye

## Amashakiro

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Guhangana n'Umwuzure, Umwuzure! (Nova Online)
Umutingito w'isi

## Intangiriro
Imitingito ikomeje kumvikana kuri uyu wa kabiri mu mujyi wa Gisenyi nk'uko abahatuye babivuga. Abantu benshi basohotse birinda kuba bari mu nzu babamo, amashuri nayo yabaye abujije abana kuza kwiga. Iyi mitingito iri kuba nyuma y'iruka ry'ikirunga cya Nyiragongo, nubwo iri ku gipimo cyo hasi imaze gusenya inzu zibarirwa muri za mirongo no kwangiza izigera muri magana mu karere ka Rubavu, nk'uko abaturage babivuga.

## Imitingito ikomeye ku isi ikica byinshi :
Umutingito wa kuya 11 Ukwakira 1138

Umutingito wa Sumatra wo kuwa 26 Ukuboza 2004

Umutingito wo kuwa 12 Mutarama 2010

Umutingito wo kuwa 22 Ukuboza 856

Umutingito  wo kuwa 23 werurwe  893

Umutingito wo kuwa1 nzeri 1923

Umutingito wo kuwa 15 Ukwakira 1948

## Umutingito mu Rwanda

Imitingito ikomeje kwibasira akarere ka Rubavu, kuri uyu wa Kabiri yangije inyubako z’amagorofa y’ubucuruzi igwisha inkuta zazo n’inzu z’abatarurage. Ibi byatumye hafungwa imihanda n’isoko rya Gisenyi n’inyubako ziryegereye, kuko nazo zagizweho ingaruka n’uwo mutingito wateye ubwoba bamwe mu baturage batangiye guhunga Umujyi berekeza ahandi mu Gihugu. Kugeza ubu kandi akarere ka Rubavu gakomeje kwakira impunzi ziri kuva muri teritwari ya Nyiragongo muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo zihunze imitingito.

## AMASHAKIRO
Umwuzure k'umugezi Utukura mu wa 1897

**Umwuzure w’umugezi utukura mu mwaka wa 1897** wabaye muri Mata 1897, ku nkombe y’Uruzi rutukura byangiza cyane umujyi wa Fargo, mu majyaruguru ya Dakota . Ibintu byateje umwuzure wo mu 1897 byari bisa n’ibihe byabaye nyuma y’umwuzure wo mu 2009, nyamara umwuzure wo mu mwaka wa 1897 wari utandukanye ukurikije uko abantu babyitwayemo.  Nubwo igipimo cy’umugezi kitashyizwe ku mugezi utukura kugeza mu mwaka wa 1901, andi masoko yerekana ko inkombe y’umwuzure wabaye mu mwaka wa 1897 ahantu hareshya 1.5 miles (2.4 km) kumanuka uva muri iki gihe cya Fargo igipimo cyaba 40.10&nbsp;ft (hamwe nigipimo cyo gusohora 25.000 ft 3 / s ) ukurikije imibare iriho. 

Kugeza ku mwuzure wo mu 2009, umwuzure wo mu 1897 niyo mazi maremare yanditswe mu gace ka Fargo-Moorhead kandi kuva icyo gihe ni cyo cyabaye igipimo cyapimwe  n’indi myuzure myinshi yo mu ruzi rutukura.

## Impamvu
Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1897 RM Probesfield yafashe igipimo cya 5 feet (1.5 m) cy'urubura hasi mu gace katarangwamo kugenda; agaciro ka 2 feet (0.61 m) hejuru yimwe yafashwe mbere y'umwuzure wa 1861 .  Bitewe n'urwego rwa shelegi yapimwe umwuzure wari uteganijwe.

## Inzuzi

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Amafoto y'umwuzure mu karere ka Fargo - Moorhead: 1897–1996
* Uruzi rutukura rwa nyuma - 1897

## Amashakiro
Ibirunga byo ku isi

Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga, ibarizwa mu Majyaruguru y’u Rwanda. Iyo Pariki ifatiye benshi runini kuko uretse kuba Abanyarwanda bayivomamo ubukungu buturuka ku byiza nyaburanga biyibamo, ni n’isoko y’ibyishimo ku banyamahanga batari bacye bayisura ngo birebere bimwe mu bigize urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima rwaho.

## Ibirunga ku Isi:

Ikirunga **Le Vésuve** ni ikirunga cyo mubutaliya ni gifite metero  zubutumburuke 1281.

Ikirunga **Le Brumo** : ni ikirungo kiri muburunga byiza ku isi, kiri kuri metero z'ubutumburuke 800 kikaba kiri kumugabane w'aziya muri indonesiya.

Ikirunga **Fugi :** ni ikirunga cyo mu buyapani gifite metero 3776  z'ubutumburuke kikaba kiri mu birunga binini ku isi, giheruka kuruka mu 1707.

Ikirunga **Nyirangongo** : ni ikirunga cyo muri Congo kiri kuri metero 3470 kiri muri parike y'ibirunga giheruka kuruka muri 2002.

## Ibihugu bwiza kubera ibirunga
Raporo nshya y’ibihugu bifite ubwiza nyaburanga ku isi yashyize Tanzaniya ku mwanya wa 4 mu bihugu byiza ku isi n’amanota 6.90 ku icumi mu gihe na Kenya yaje mu bihugu 10 bya mbere byiza ku isi. Raporo y’ibihugu bya mbere ku isi bifite ubwiza nyaburanga buhebuje yakozwe n’Ikinyamakuru Money.co.uk yashyize Kenya ku mwanya wa gatandatu n’amanota 6.7 ku manota 10. Binyuze kuri raporo, Kenya ifite ibirunga umunani, imisozi itanu ihambaye cyane, ahantu 411 harinzwe, kilometero kare 170.887 z’amashyamba akurura imvura n’ibindi. Ku rundi ruhande, Tanzaniya iri imbere ya Kenya,iyirusha ibirunga 3, imisozi cumi minini, ahantu 836 harinzwe, kilometero kare 387.944 z’amashyamba n’ibindi.

## Ibihugu uko bikurikirana

* Indoneziya nicyo gihugu cyiza cyane ku isi mu byiza nyaburanga,
* gikurikiwe na Nouvelle-Zélande (7.27), 
* Colombia (7.16)
* Tanzaniya (6.98)
* Mexico (6.96)
* Kenya,
* India 6.54
* France 6.51
* Papua New Guinea (6.39)
* Comoros (6.22).

Guhera ku mwanya wa 11 hari:

Ecuador (6.09)

United States (6.03)

Vanuatu (6.02)

Japan(6.00)

Solomon Islands (5.97)

Italy (5.87)

Philippines (5.80)

Peru (5.66)

Australia (5.65)

Costa Rica (5.65)

U Rwanda kimwe na Brazil ntibyaje muri 50 bya mbere mu gihe Uganda yaje ku mwanya wa 42 n’amanota asaga 4.

## Amashakiro
Ego (umuririmbyi)

**Nwakaego Ihenacho Ogbaro**,  uzwi cyane nka **Ego**, ni umuririmbyi akaba n'umwanditsi w'indirimbo. Ego yafashe amajwi y'indirimbo nka "Konko Below", "Nothing for You" na "Never Far Away".  Yakundaga kuzenguruka isi akora ibitaramo ari kumwe na Lagbaja. Ego yavuye mu itsinda rya Africano kugirango akurikira umwuga we w'ubuhanzi ku giti cye wenyine muri 2007. Nyuma yaje gushinga itsinda ryitwa Indigo. Kuva yatandukana n'itsinda rya Lagbaja, yagiye akorana n'abahanzi batandukanye nka Sunny Nneji, Djinee, Tosin Martins, Ayanbirin na Blaise, n'abandi.  Yataramiye hamwe na Weird MC, Aṣa, Cobhams Asuquo na Yinka Davies . Yasohoye indirimbo yitwa "I Believe", ikaba ari indirimbo ya mbere muri alubumu ye ya mbere yatunganyirije muri studio. Yasinyiye kuba ambasaderi wa Globacom mu mwaka wa 2008.

## Uburezi
Ego yize amashuri abanza ku kigo cy'amashuri abanza cyo hagati naho amashuri yisumbuye yayize kuri segonderi ya Ikeja, GRA i Lagos. Yarangije amashuri yisumbuye mu 1991. 

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Itsinda rya Lagbaja
Umwuzure w'umugezi w'Umuhondo mu wa 1897

**Umwuzure w’umugezi w’umuhondo mu mwaka wa 1897** wabaye ibiza karemano mu gihe cy’ingoma ya nyuma ya Qing mu Ubushinwa .

Nyuma y'imyaka igihumbi yo kuzerera mu majyaruguru no mu majyepfo y’igice cya Shandong, umwuzure wo mu mwaka wa 1897 watumye inzira y’umugezi w’umuhondo ukurikizwa kugeza na nubu. 

## Amashakiro
Dany Engobo

**Dany Engobo** ni umuhanzi wo muri congo akaba n'umuyobozi w'itsinda ryitwa *Les Coeurs Brises*. Yatangiye umwuga we w'umuziki mu mujyi wa Brazzaville. Yakoranye n'intiti kuri gitari yitwa Diblo Dibala mu ndirimbo ze nyinshi. Yimukiye i Paris mu 1976 yigirayo igifaransa. Kuva icyo gihe yatangiye kuririmba indirimbo ze muri urwo rurimi. Ku mpamvu mpuzamahanga, indirimbo ze zakozwe cyane cyane mu rurimi rw'ilingala no mu gifaransa. Ni umwe mu bakire.

Azwi cyane ku murongo w'imbere utangaje w'abamikazi beza babaga bashinzwe kubyina yatoranyaga mu bihugu bitandukanye.    

## Inkomoko