Ikaramu yerekana inoti

Ikaramu ikoreshwa mu kumenya impapuro mpimbano z'amafaranga ni ikaramu isiga wino irimo ayode(iodine)ku mpapuro z'amafaranga kugira ngo harebwe niba ari nyazo. Iyo wino ihuye n'ibinyabutaabire bya starch biboneka mu mpapuro zituruka ku giti, ihinduka umukara cyangwa ubururu. Ariko impapuro z'amafaranga nyazo ntizirimo ibinyamisogwe, bityo akamenyetso k'iyo wino kaguma kameze nk'uko kari gasanzwe.https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/science/counterfeit-banknote-detection-pens#:~:text=Counterfeit%20banknote%20detection%20pens%20are,By:%20Davidson%2C%20Helen

Ayo makaramu akoreshwa mu kumenya impapuro z'amafaranga mpimbano akoreshwa kumenya inoti. Akoreshwa ku  noti z'amafaranga y'u Busuwisi(Swiss franc),amayero(euro), n'amadolari y'America, n'izindi. Ubusanzwe impapuro zituruka ku myenda y'ipamba kandi ntizirimo ibinyabutabire by'ibinyabusogwe bihura na iyode(iodine).Iyo iyo karamu ishyizwe ku rupapuro rw'inoti nyayo, akamenyetso isiga kaba umuhondo cyangwa se ntikagaragare.https://www.amazon.com/Marker-Counterfeit-Detector-Upgraded-Chisel/dp/B06XPBYHG1

Izo karamu zikoreshwa mu kumenya inoti mpimbano zikora neza cyane ku mpapuro z'inoti z'impimbano ziba zaracapwe ku mpapuro zisanzwe zicapa cyangwa zikoreshwa na fotokopi. 
Imiterere y'imiti ikoreshwa ku noti z'Amerika zacapwe mbere ya 1960 ituma izo karamu zidatanga ibisubizo nyabyo, bigateza amakosa yo kwemeza ko inoti nyazo ari impimbano.

Urugero rw'ibi rwabaye mu mwaka wa 2016, aho umunyeshuri w'imyaka 13 yafashwe na polisi nyuma yo kugerageza kwishyura ifunguro rya saa sita akoresheje inoti ya $2 yo muri "red seal Series 1953", nyuma y'uko ikaramu y'ishuri ishinzwe kumenya inoti mpimbano itabashije kugaragaza ko iyo noti ari iy'ukuri. 

## Kwakira
Abakora izo karamu bavuga ko izo karamu zibasha kumenya inoti mpimbano nyinshi kandi ko ari uburyo bworoshye bwo kumenya inoti mpimbano budasaba ibikoresho bihenze. Iyi karamu ya mbere yahimbwe n'Umunyabelijike(Belgian).https://www.amazon.com/Dri-Mark-CFD15PK-Counterfeit-Detector-Currency/dp/B07RXLZ8N4

Abantu benshi bahakana ubuziranenge bw'izi karamu n'ugukora neza kwazo. Bavuga ko abahanga mu gukora inoti mpimbano badakoresha inote zifite ibinyabusogwe bityo iyi karamu ikaba ishobora kuba yakwibeshya bigatuma badashobora kumenya amafaranga nyiganano ari mu ikirakwizwa.  Umutarika n'umushakashatsi ukunda gusuzuma ibintu by'ubupfumu witwa James Randi yagiye yandika kenshi ku kudakora neza kw'izo karamu kandi akagenda azikoresha mu ngero z'inyigisho  yavuze ko yigeze kuvugana n’umukozi w’iperereza rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (United States Secret Service inspector) amubaza niba iyo karamu ikora nk’uko bivugwa, maze uwo mukozi amusubiza ati: **“ntabwo yizewe.”[https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/21/obituaries/james-randi-dead.html]**

Uburyo izo karamu zikoramo bishobora kugirwaho ingaruka n'ibintu byo hanze. Urugero, iyo inoti yacishijwe mu isukura(laundry),bitewe n'isabune cyangwa umuti w'umweru(bleach)wakoreshejwe, ishobora kugaragara nk'impimbano kandi ari iya nyayo. 

Byongeye kandi, byagaragaye ko iyo noti mpombano igiyeho umuti woroshye urimo **vitamin C,** ishobora gutanga igisubizo k'ikinyoma kiza(false negative);ni ukuvuga ko iyo karamu ifata iyo noti nk'aho ari impapuro nyazo z'inoti zemewe.https://www.ejournal.stih-awanglong.ac.id/index.php/awl/article/view/1516/934

**Nigute ushobora kugenzura amafaranga y'amiganano ukoresheje ikaramu?**

Irimo umuti wa ayodine(iodine)uhura n'ibinyabusogwe (biboneka mu biti)byahura bikabyara akamenyetso k**'umukara, ubururu bwijimye** cyangwa **umutuku w'umukara**Iyo uwo muti ushyizwe ku mpapuro zishingiye ku nsinga/inziga(fibre) zikoreshwa ku noti nyazo,ntihabaho guhinduka kw'ibara;akamenyetso gahinduka **umuhondo woroshye. [https://www.amazon.com/Marker-Counterfeit-Detector-Upgraded-Chisel/dp/B06XPBYHG1]**