Scholastique Mukasonga

**Scholastique Mukasonga** ni umwanditsi  wavutse mu 1956 mu cyahoze ari intara ya Gikongoro mu Rwanda akaba atuye Mu bufaransa. Muri 2012, Yatsindiye ibihembo bya prix Renaudot na prix Ahmadou-Kourouma kubwigitabo cye *Our Lady of the Nile* *.* Usibye kuba uwahataniye igihembo mpuzamahanga cy’ubuvanganzo cy’ubuvanganzo cya Dublin n’igihembo cy’ibitabo cya Los Angeles Times, Mukasonga yahembwe mu 2014 igihembo cya Seligman cyo kurwanya ivanguramoko ndetse no mu 2015 ahabwa igihembo Société des gens de lettres . Kuri ubu atuye muri Lower Normandy mu Bufaransa . 

## Ubuzima bwo  hambere

Scholastique Mukasonga yavutse mu 1956  mu majyepfo ashyira uburengerazuba bw'u Rwanda, ku ruzi rwa Rukarara . Mu 1959, gahunda ya mbere yo kurwanya abatutsi yashenye igihugu ituma abatutsi bamwe bahunga. Mu 1960, umuryango we woherejwe hamwe nabandi batutsi benshi i Nyamata mu mu karere ka Bugesera kari kadatuwe, scrubland. Umuryango we wabaga mu nkambi y'impunzi nyuma yo kwirukanwa mu mudugudu wabo, aho yarokotse nubwo yatotejwe ndetse akenda no gukorerwa ubwicanyi. Nyina Stefania yitaye ku bana be,  Nubwo umubare muto  10% by'abatutsi wari wemewe gukomeza mumashuri yisumbuye, yabanje kwiga Lycée Notre-Dame-de-Citeaux i Kigali, hanyuma akomereza mu ishuri ry'i Butare . Mukasonga abisobanura agira ati: "Ni ryo shuri ryonyine ry'abakobwa ryanyemereye  gukoresha umwuga wanjye kugira ngo mfashe abandi badafite amahirwe yo kwiga."

Mu 1973, abanyeshuri b'Abatutsi birukanwe mu mashuri, hamwe n'abakozi ba Leta b'Abatutsi birukanwa ku mirimo yabo. Kubera iyo mpamvu, byabaye ngombwa ko agenda, ahungira mu Burundi kugira ngo ahunge iterabwoba. Yarangije amasomo ye nk'umukozi ushinzwe imibereho myiza mu Burundi atangira akazi muri UNICEF . Mukasonga yageze mu Bufaransa mu 1992 biba ngombwa ko asubiramo ikizamini cy’abakozi bashinzwe imibereho myiza, kubera ko impamyabumenyi yakiriye mu Burundi itemewe n’ubuyobozi bw’Ubufaransa. Kuva 1996-1997, yari umukozi ushinzwe imibereho myiza y'abanyeshuri ba kaminuza ya Caen . Kuva mu 1998 kugeza ubu, akora imirimo yo guhagararira ubutabera (amategeko) muri Union départementale des association familiales de Calvados (Ishami ry’amashyirahamwe y’imiryango ya Calvados).  Kuri ubu atuye ahitwa Normandy.

Mu 1994, abantu 37 bo mu muryango we bishwe muri jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi . Byatwaye Mukasonga indi myaka 10 kugirango agire ubutwari bwo gusubira mu Rwanda, ibyo yabikoze mu 2004. Muri uru rugendo niho yumvise afite ubushake bwo kwandika igitabo cye cya mbere, igitabo cyandika ku buzima, *Inyenzi ou les Cafards .* Inyandiko y'Icyongereza, yahinduwe na Jordan Stump, yiswe *Cockroaches,* kandi yatorewe igihembo cy’ibitabo cya Los Angeles Times mu 2016 mu cyiciro cy’ubuzima bwa muntu. Yakurikijeho igitabo cya La Femme aux pieds nus muri 2008. Yabonye igihembo cya Seligmann, avuye muri Chancellerie des universités de Paris, yemera imirimo irwanya ivanguramoko no kutoroherana. Mu mwaka wa 2010, yasohoye icyegeranyo cy’inkuru ngufi zitwa L'Iguifou, anegukana igihembo cya Paul Bourdari mu 2011 avuye muri l'Académie des sciences d'outre-mer ndetse no mu gihembo cya Renaissance kubera Igitabo cye *Notre-Dame du Nil*, yatsindiye ibihembo bitatu: igihembo cya Ahmadou-Kourouma i Geneve,  igihembo cya Oceans France,  na prix Renaudot mu 2012.   Ubuhinduzi bw'icyongereza bw'iki gitabo, *Our Lady of the Nile,*, bwatoranijwe nk'imwe mu bitabo icumi byatsindiye igihembo cy’ubuvanganzo bwa Dublin kandi yabaye uwahawe ubufasha ku gihembo cya Emerging Voices mubijyanye n’Imari . Gukora filimi y'iki gitabo byaratangiye iyobowe na Atiq Rahimi .

Muri 2014, Mukasonga yasohoye igitabo gishya *Ce que murmurent les collines* *,* yatsindiye igihembo Société des gens de lettres muri 2015 mu . Igitabo cye *Coeur Tambour* cyasohotse muri Mutarama 2016 mu cyegeranyo cyera cya Gallimard. Muri kamena 2017, yahawe igihembo kubambasaderi bavuga Igifaransa (Ambassadeurs francophones) i Copenhagen . Muri Werurwe 2018, yasohoye igitabo gishya cyandika ku buzima, *Un si beau diplomate!* Prix Bernheim wo muri Fondation du judaisme francais (Fondasiyo y'Abayahudi b'Abafaransa) yamuhaye igihrembo muri 2015 mu rwego rwo kumushimira ibikorwa bye byose. Scholastique Mukasonga ni umwe mu bagize inteko ishinga amategeko ya Prix Deauville Littérature et Musique (Igihembo cya Deauville ku buvanganzo n'umuziki). Yahawe kandi icyubahiro cya Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres, ishimira abagize uruhare runini mu muco muri ibyo bice byombi.

## Imirimo
Mu gitabo cye cyitwa *Notre-Dame du Nil* , yavuze ishuri ryisumbuye ryubatse ku musozi wa metero 8202, ritari kure y’inkomoko ya Nili. akaba ariho abakobwa  bahurira, muguhiramo abanyeshuri umubare w'abatutsi ugarukira kuri 10% by'abanyeshuri.  Biboneka ko iyi nkuru  ishingiye kubintu byabaye mu buzima: bisa nkaho yavugaga ishuri ryisumbuye rya Notre-Dame de Citeaux i Kigali aho yari umunyeshuri, kandi gukura abanyeshuri b’abatutsi ni byo byari yiboneye mu 1973. igihe yari mu buhungiro mu Burundi . 

*Ce que murmurent les collines (What the Hills Whisper)* ni ikusanyirizo ry'inkuru ngufi, zimwe muri zo zishingiye ku mateka y'u Rwanda , yagaragaje uko abandi bashushanya amashusho y'ubuzima bwa buri munsi bw'u Rwanda. Ni igitabo cye cya mbere kitari gishingiye kuri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda.  *Un Pygmée à l'école* ni inkuru ngufi yanditswe na Mukasonga, yanditswe mu 2017 kandi ishyirwa mu cyegeranyo cyiswe *La rencontre avec l'autre (The encounter with the Other)**.*

Hamwe n'igitabo cye *Coeur Tambour*  *(Pounding Heart, Drumming Heart)* Scholastique Mukasonga yaguye icyerekezo cye uko yavuye mu Rwanda kugera muri Antilles, Amerika no muri Berezile. Igitabo gikurikirana Kitami, umukobwa wabaye umuririmbyi uzwi cyane muri afurika.  Tugarutse ku gitabo cya  *Un si beau diplome,* Mukasonga yigana uburyo se yamushyizeho igitutu kugirango abone impamyabumenyi . Mu buhungiro mu Burundi, Djibouti, hanyuma akaza kugera mu Bufaransa, "beautiful diploma" yari 'ingufu zamufashaga kwihanganira guhezwa no kwiheba. Igitabo cye aheruka gusohoka muri Werurwe 2020, igitabo cyitwa *Kibogo est monté au ciel (Kibogo Yuriye mu kirere)* . Irasebya ikibazo cy'amadini, ivugabutumwa, n'ubunini bifitanye isano n'igihe cy'abakoloni.

## Amashakiro