Abagore b'Abanyafurika mu buhanga

Ku isi yose, abagore ahanini ntibahagarariwe mubice bijyanye n' ubumenyi n' ikoranabuhanga; uku kudahagararirwa kugaragara cyane muri Afrika aho abagore bahagarariwe munsi ya 20% byabakozi muri izi nzego.  Abagore b'Abanyafurika mu bijyanye na injeniyeringi n' ikoransbuhanga n' ibijyana nabyo, bakunze kwibasirwa n'ivangura no guteshwa agaciro mu bihugu bya Afurika.  Tutitaye kubyo kubura guhagararirwa mubikorwa bijyanye na STEM, hariho abashakashatsi benshi b'abagore baturutse kumugabane.  Byongeye kandi, imiryango itari mike muri Afurika no hanze yayo irakora ibishoboka ngo hagabanuke itandukaniro riri hagati y’abakozi. 

## Abagore bazwi cyane bo muri Afrika mubuhanga

### Afurika y'Amajyaruguru

Tyseer Aboulnasr ni umunjeniyeri wamashanyarazi ukomoka muri Egiputa.  Yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse muri kaminuza ya Cairo na master na Ph.D. wo muri kaminuza ya Mwamikazi, Kingston, Kanada.  Yahoze ari Umuyobozi w'ishami ry'ubumenyi ngiro muri kaminuza ya British Columbia School of Engineering, ndetse n'umuyobozi w'ishami ry'ubwubatsi muri kaminuza ya Ottawa. 

Akissa Bahri ni injeniyeri w’ubuhinzi uvuka muri Tuniziya kandi yahoze ari umwarimu mu kigo cy’ubuhinzi n’igihugu cya Tuniziya.  Yize mu kigo cy’igihugu cya Polytechnic Institute of Toulouse kugira ngo abone impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga ya kaminuza, nyuma abona impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga. wo muri kaminuza ya Lund muri Suwede mu bijyanye n’amazi y’amazi. 

Najla Bouden ni umuhanga mu bumenyi bw' isi wo muri Tuniziya kugezubu ni Minisitiri w’intebe wa Tuniziya.  Yabonye impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga. mubuhanga bwa geologiya kuva *École des Mines de Paris* .  Perezida yise minisitiri w’intebe, maze atangira imirimo ye ku ya 11 Ukwakira 2021, yabaye umugore wa mbere wabaye minisitiri w’intebe mu bihugu by’abarabu. 

Zeinab Elobeid Yousif yari enjeniyeri windege muri Sudani.  Yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'ubwubatsi bw'indege yakuye muri kaminuza ya Kingston mu 1995.  Niwe mugore wa mbere wabonye iyi mpamyabumenyi. 

Awatef Hamed numu Enjeniyeri wo mu byerekeye ikirere wo muri Egiputa.  Kugeza ubu ni umushakashatsi muri kaminuza ya Cincinnati, yiga ikoranabuhanga rya moteri.  Dr. Hamed ni umugore wambere uyoboye ishami ryindege rya kaminuza. Yatangiye kuba umuyobozi w'ishuri rya kaminuza ya Cincinnati's Aerospace Systems School muri 2001 nyuma yo kuyigayo ubwe mu 1968.  Yamenyekanye ku rwego mpuzamahanga kubera ubushakashatsi yakoze asuzuma ibyuma bifata umuyaga wa turbine ndetse n'isuri yabyo bitewe n'uduce duto two mu kirere. Yabonye inkunga irenga miliyoni 25 z'amadolari iturutse muri Ohio Research Scholar awards mu 2008.  

### Afurika y'Iburasirazuba

Nasra Agil ni umu Enjeniyeri m'ubwubatsi wa Somaliya-Kanada.  Yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'ubwubatsi yakuye muri kaminuza ya Ryerson, ibi bikaba ari bimwe mu byanditswe mbere byerekana ko umugore ukomoka muri Somaliya yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse muri Kanada. 

Dr. Gertrude Mwangala Akapelwa ni umu Enjeniyeri wa sisitemu ukomoka muri Zambiya.  Yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu mibare n’uburezi yakuye muri kaminuza ya Zambiya, impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu buyobozi bwa Leta yakuye muri kaminuza ya Harvard, na dogitora mu burezi buhanitse yakuye muri kaminuza ya Liverpool.  Yafashije gushinga kandi ubu akora nka Visi-Perezida wa kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga ya Victoria Falls. 

Winnie Byanyima numu injeniyeri windege ya Uganda.  Yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'ubwubatsi bw'indege yakuye muri kaminuza ya Manchester. Yabaye umugore wa mbere wa Uganda wabonye impamyabumenyi muri uru rwego; yakuye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye n'ubukanishi yakuye muri kaminuza ya Cranfield.  Kugeza ubu akora nk'umuyobozi mukuru wa UNAIDS nyuma yo gushyirwaho muri 2019. 

Natalie Payida Jabangwe numu injeniyeri wa mudasobwa ya Zimbabwe.  Yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye na mudasobwa muri kaminuza ya Middlesex ndetse n'impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye n'ubucuruzi yakuye muri Imperial College London.  Ikigo cy’Abafaransa cyamwise umwe mu “Abayobozi 100 b’ubukungu muri Afurika ejo hazaza” muri 2018. 

Germaine Kamayirese numu injeniyeri w'amashanyarazi yu Rwanda.  Yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye n’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi yakuye mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga rya Kigali, ahabwa impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu micungire y’itumanaho na KIST na kaminuza ya Coventry.  Mu 2014 yagizwe Minisitiri w’igihugu ushinzwe ibikorwa remezo by’ingufu, amazi, n’isuku; Yayoboye ibikorwa by’isuku, kubyaza ingufu amashanyarazi, n’ibindi bikorwa remezo by’u Rwanda. 

Frannie Léautier numu injeniyeri wububatsi wa Tanzaniya.  Yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'ubwubatsi yakuye muri kaminuza ya Dar es Salaam, impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu gutwara abantu, na Ph.D. muri Civil Engineering kuva muri Massachusetts Institute of Technology.  Kuva mu ntangiriro ya 90 kugeza mu mpera za 2000, yakoraga muri Banki y'Isi ashinzwe Ikigo cya Banki y'Isi mu myaka itandatu ishize. 

Nzambi Matee numu injeniyeri wa Kenya.  Yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse muri fiziki ikoreshwa muri kaminuza y’ubuhinzi n’ikoranabuhanga ya Jomo Kenyatta.  Muri 2017 yaretse akazi ko gusesengura amakuru maze ashinga Gjenge Makers, yibanda ku guhindura bigoye gutunganya plastiki mu matafari akomeye kuruta beto.  

### Afurika yo hagati
Therese Izay-Kirongozi numu injeniyeri winganda.  Yize mu Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubuhanga bukoreshwa.  Azwi cyane nk'uwashizeho robot zo mu muhanda zifasha mu kugenzura ibinyabiziga i Kinshasa, umurwa mukuru wa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. 

Dr. Ngalula Mubenga numu injeniyeri w'amashanyarazi wa congo.  Yabonye impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza, icyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza, n'icya dogiteri mu bijyanye n'amashanyarazi yakuye muri kaminuza ya Toledo.  Mu 2017 yashyizweho na perezida wa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo nk'umwe mu bagize inama y'ubutegetsi ya sosiyete y'igihugu ishinzwe amashanyarazi mu gihugu, *Société Nationale d'Électricité* . 

Mbu Waindim numugore wo muri Kameruni wabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse yo muri Saker Baptist College.  Yakomeje kubona impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye n’ubuhanga mu kirere n’ubumenyi bw’imibare mu 2012.  Nyuma, yabonye impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga na Ph.D. yakuye muri kaminuza ya leta ya Ohio mubuhanga bwindege kandi abaye umugore wa mbere wo muri Kameruni wabikoze.  Yakoze muri NASA no muri Airforce yo muri Amerika. 

Veliswa Boya numwe mubashakashatsi ba mbere ba Afrika yepfo.  Akora nk'umuvugizi mukuru wunganira abaterankunga hamwe n’umubano w’abateza imbere bayobora mu gice cyo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara muri Afurika kuri Amazone Web Services.  Akorana kandi akanateza imbere abaterankunga mukarere ka Afrika yo munsi yubutayu bwa Sahara - kugirango afashe ako karere guteza imbere abandi ba injeniyeri benshi.  Amateka ya Boya akomoka mubice bitandukanye nkubuhanga, ubwubatsi, kugisha inama, no gusesengura. Yanditse urwego rwe rwa mbere rwa Associate (Solution Architecture) kandi yatsindiye igihembo cya kabiri cya Associate level Developer.  Yabonye amahirwe mugihe Banki isanzwe ifatanije na AWS, yemerera Boya gufasha mubintu byose, harimo ingamba, igenamigambi ryimuka, hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera cyububiko. 

Bavelile Hlongwa yize ibijyanye n’imashini muri Afurika yepfo maze aba Minisitiri wungirije w’umutungo w’amabuye n’ingufu muri 2019.  Usibye umwuga we w'ubuhanga, yagize uruhare muri politiki nk'umuyoboke wa Kongere y'Afurika.  Yabaye umwe mu bagize Inteko ishinga amategeko y’Afurika yepfo mu 2019 akomeza umurimo we kugeza apfuye nyuma yuwo mwaka. 

Hilary Kahn (1943-2007). Yavukiye kandi akurira muri Afurika y'Epfo ariko yimukira i Newcastle, mu Bwongereza kugira ngo atangire amashuri makuru ya kaminuza, mu ntangiriro ya kera ariko arangiza 1965 muri computing, yakuye muri kaminuza ya Newcastle . Yize gukorana na mudasobwa ya KDF 9 na ALGOL nyuma aza gukorera muri kaminuza ya Manchester kuri COBOL hamwe na mudasobwa ifashwa na mudasobwa ndetse n’ubuhanga bwa software, ibyo akaba yarakomeje kubikora mu buzima bwe bwose, bituma agira uruhare mu gushushanya Manchester Sisitemu ya mudasobwa MU5 . , Kahn yayoboye imishinga myinshi yubushakashatsi ku gishushanyo mbonera cya mudasobwa no kwerekana amakuru, apfa mu 2007. 

Naadiya Moosajee yavukiye muri Afurika y'Epfo mu 1984, ahabwa impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'ubwubatsi ndetse n'impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye no gutwara abantu n'ibintu yakuye muri kaminuza ya Cape Town.  Nyuma yaje kwiga muri kaminuza ya Edinburgh, abona impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye n'ubucuruzi.  Mu ntangiriro z'umwuga we, yahawe akazi ko guhuza ubwikorezi bw'abanyamuryango ba VIP n'Itangazamakuru mu gikombe cy'isi cya FIFA 2010.  Yagizwe umuyobozi w’ubuyobozi ku isi n’urubyiruko Action Network kandi amara imyaka mike yakurikiyeho ari umujyanama wa Pegasys Strategy and Development.  Mu mwaka wa 2016, yashinze WomHub, isosiyete ikora udushya ishyigikira abategarugori bakura cyane muri STEM binyuze muri laboratoire zabo zibitekerezaho, aho bakorera, ndetse n’ikigega. WomHub igira uruhare mugihe kizaza cyikoranabuhanga ritezimbere AI na Cyber Umutekano.  Muri uwo mwaka, yateye inkunga ubutunzi bwa Turukiya, bufite resitora nyinshi zo mu rwego rwo hejuru zo muri Turukiya i Cape Town.  Nanone, mu 2016, yatangiye uruhare rwe mu Ihuriro ry’Ubukungu ku Isi nka Global Shaper. 

Donna Auguste ni rwiyemezamirimo wo muri Afurika, umugiraneza, akaba n'umuhanga mu bya mudasobwa. Yashinze software ya Freshwater Software mu 1996, isosiyete itanga ibikoresho bibafasha kuzamura umwanya wabo kuri interineti (citation). Yabaye umuyobozi mukuru w'ikigo kugeza agurishije Amazi meza mu 2000. Yize muri kaminuza ya Californiya i Berkeley maze abona impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye n’amashanyarazi n’ubumenyi bwa mudasobwa. Yabaye umunyamerika wambere wumunyamerika muri gahunda ya PhD muri kaminuza ya Carnegie Mellon. Auguste afite amateka yubumenyi bwa mudasobwa afite tekinoloji nyinshi zijyanye nakazi, kimwe nabagiraneza. Yashinze Leave a Little Room Foundation, itanga amazu, amashanyarazi, hamwe ninkingo ku miryango ikennye ku isi. 

### Afurika y'Iburengerazuba

Mila Aziablé yavukiye i Togo kandi ni minisitiri muto muri guverinoma nshya. Yemerewe muri kaminuza ya Lomé, kaminuza nkuru y’ubuhanga.  Yahawe buruse kubera ubuhanga bwe mu masomo, bituma yiga muri *École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Metz .*  Agezeyo, yakuye impamyabumenyi ye mu bijyanye n'ubukanishi. Nyuma yaje kwiga muri *Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris* yiga ibijyanye n’ubuhanga bwa gaze.  Muri 2018, yatangiye kwiga mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubushakashatsi bwa Politiki rya Paris maze ahabwa impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye na politiki y’iterambere n’imiyoborere. 

Ndèye Tické Ndiaye Diop numu injeniyeri numunyapolitike.  Ubuhanga bwe bwibanze bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa mu burobyi. Ibi byamushoboje gutangira umwuga we nk'umunyamabanga mukuru muri minisiteri y'uburobyi no gukomeza kuba umuyobozi w'ikigo cy'igihugu cya Senegali gishinzwe ibibazo byo mu nyanja.  Kugeza ubu ni Minisitiri w’ubukungu n’itumanaho muri Senegali akaba n'umuvugizi wa guverinoma.  Diop yahawe kandi igihembo cya Icone mu 2016 kubera uruhare rwe nk'umugore wabishoboye muri Senegali. 

Aïssata Issoufou Mahamadou, umudamu wa mbere wa Nigeriya, ni injeniyeri y’imiti yo muri Nijeriya akaba ashyigikiye ubuvuzi.  Ni umwe mu bagore ba mbere bo muri Nijeriya birukanye ubumenyi bwa siyansi.  Yabonye impamyabumenyi y’ubushakashatsi n’amabuye y'agaciro yakuye mu Ishuri ry’igihugu rya Jewoloji kandi yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse muri chimie yakuye muri kaminuza ya Abdou Moumouni . 

Ayorkor Korsah ni umwarimu wo muri Gana wigisha ubumenyi bwa mudasobwa na robo muri kaminuza ya Ashesi .  Yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye n’ubuhanga n’ubumenyi bwa mudasobwa yakuye muri Dartmouth College na Ph.D. muri robo nubwenge bwa artile kuva muri kaminuza ya Carnegie Mellon .  Ni umwe mu bashinze umuyoboro nyafurika wo muri Afurika (AFRON) utanga ikibazo cya "$ 10 Igishushanyo mbonera". Hamwe n’abanyamuryango baturutse mu bihugu 25 byo muri Afurika, intego ya AFRON ni uguteza imbere ubufatanye bujyanye n’ubumenyi bw’imashini n’ubushakashatsi ku mugabane wa Afurika.  

Funke Opeke ni injeniyeri w'amashanyarazi yavukiye muri Nijeriya yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse na master muri kaminuza ya Obafemi Awolowo na kaminuza ya Columbia .  Amaze kubona impamyabumenyi, yakoraga mu itumanaho rya Verizon mu gice cy’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho.  Umusanzu wibanze wa Opeke muri Nigeriya ni ugushinga OneMain Cable Company itanga serivisi zitumanaho nibisubizo byurusobe.  Umuyoboro wa OneMain wubatse umugozi wambere wigenga ufungura-kwinjira wa 7,000&nbsp;km ihuza Porutugali na Afrika yepfo binyuze mumihuza mumasosiyete menshi yo muri Afrika yuburengerazuba, harimo na Nigeriya. 

Lucy Quist numu injeniyeri wamashanyarazi wa Ghanain nu Bwongereza akaba n'umuyobozi ushinzwe ubucuruzi.  Yarangije muri kaminuza y’iburasirazuba bwa Londres afite icyubahiro cyo mu cyiciro cya mbere mu bijyanye n’amashanyarazi n’ikoranabuhanga kandi akurikirana MBA muri Institut Européen d'Administration des Affaires mu Bufaransa.  Mu mibereho ye yose, Quist yakoraga muri Ford Motor Company, Banki ya Royal ya Scotland, Millicom International Cellular, Vodafone, na Airtel Ghana.   Byongeye kandi, yagize uruhare mu gushinga Quist Blue Diamond, Umuyoboro Nshingwabikorwa w’Abagore, na FreshPay, serivisi yo kwishyura muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo.  Kuri ubu Quist ni umuyobozi ucunga muri Morgan Stanley kandi aherutse gusohora igitabo yise “The Bold New Normal: Kurema Afurika aho buri wese atera imbere (2019)“.   Bimwe mubyo yagezeho harimo kwitwa igice cya: Imbaraga za BBC Gahuzamiryango, Umubare wa 8 W’abantu Bakuru Bakuru (Urubuga rw’imbuga nkoranyambaga rwa Gana), Abayobozi 50 ba mbere b’abagore bayobora muri Gana (WomanRising), 58 mu bantu bakomeye muri Gana, ndetse n’ibihembo bikomeye bya Gana (2016). 

Mary Spio numu injeniyeri wo muri Gana hamwe na rwiyemezamirimo.  Nyuma yo kuvukira no gukurira muri Gana, Spio yakomereje impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye n’amashanyarazi muri kaminuza ya Syracuse i New York, naho impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye n’amashanyarazi mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’ikoranabuhanga rya Jeworujiya .  Mu mibereho ye yose, yakoraga mu kirere cya Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika zirwanira mu kirere, akora ku mushinga wa NASA, atanga umusanzu mu masosiyete nka Microsoft Xbox, maze aba umuyobozi wa sisitemu ya satelite muri Boeing.  Yashinze kandi isosiyete ye bwite CEEK Virtual Reality ifite ubutumwa bwo kurushaho kugira ukuri.  Spio kandi ni umwanditsi uzwi cyane hamwe nibisohokayandikiro nka "Ntabwo ari ubumenyi bwa roketi: Imico 7 ihindura umukino kugirango ugere ku ntsinzi idasanzwe". 

## Amashyirahamwe yabigize umwuga

## Reba