open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Germaine Kamayiresi

**Germaine Kamayirese** ni enjeniyeri akaba n'umunyapolitiki mu Rwanda, wabaye Minisitiri w’ubutabazi n’ibikorwa by’impunzi muri guverinoma y’u Rwanda, kuva ku ya 18 Ukwakira 2018  kugeza igihe yavanywe muri guverinoma ku ya 27 Gashyantare 2020.

Mbere yibyo, kuva ku ya 24 Nyakanga 2014 kugeza ku ya 18 Ukwakira 2018, yabaye umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe ibikorwa remezo ushinzwe ingufu, amazi n’isuku.  

## Amavu n'amavuko

Yavukiye mu Karere ka Nyarugenge ku ya 5 Kanama 1981. Kuva mu 2000 kugeza 2005, yize mu Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubumenyi n'Ikoranabuhanga rya Kigali (KIST), uyu munsi rikaba ari Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubumenyi n'Ikoranabuhanga (Rwanda),rimwe mwishami  rya kaminuza y'u Rwanda . Afite Impamyabumenyi ya Electricalmechanical Engineering, yahawe na KIST mu 2005. Afite kandi Masters yo gucunga itumanaho, yatanzwe mu mwaka wa 2010 na KIST ndetse na kaminuza ya Coventry, mu Bwongereza .  

## Umwuga
Kuva mu 2008 kugeza 2011,  yabaye inzobere mu bijyanye n’urusobe muri "Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Agency" (RURA)https://web.facebook.com/RURA.Rwanda/?_rdc=1&_rdr Kuva mu 2012 kugeza 2014, yabaye inzobere mu miyoboro muri "Tigo-Rwanda".  Kuva mu 2010 kugeza 2011 Kamayirese yabaye umujyanama muri "Institute of Engineering Architecture Rwanda". Kuva muri Nzeri 2017, yari umunyamuryango wa "Rwanda Women Engineers Association" (RWEA).  

Mu nshingano ze nka Minisitiri w’igihugu ushinzwe ingufu, amazi n’isuku muri Minisiteri y’ibikorwa Remezo, yari ashinzwe gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba z’igihugu ndetse na politiki y’umusaruro w’amashanyarazi, kohereza, gukwirakwiza no gucuruza mu Rwanda ndetse n’ibigo by’ingufu z’amashanyarazi. ashinzwe kandi gutanga serivisi zizewe, zifite umutekano kandi zirambye zitanga amazi n’isuku mu Rwanda.  

Mu ivugurura ry’abaminisitiri ku ya 18 Ukwakira 2018, Madamu Kamayirese yagizwe Minisitiri mushya ushinzwe imicungire y’ubutabazi n’ibibazo by’impunzi. 

## Umuryango
Germaine Kamayirese ni nyina w'abana batatu. 

## Ibindi bitekerezo
Ukuboza 2014, Ikinyamakuru cya Forbes cyamushyize mu "Abagore 20 bafite imbaraga muri Afurika 2014".  

## Reba kandi

* Yudita Uwizeye
* Gérardine Mukeshimana
* Yvonne Khamati

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Urubuga rwa minisiteri yu Rwanda ishinzwe gucunga ibiza n’ibibazo by’impunzi
* Urubuga rwa Minisiteri y’ibikorwa Remezo mu Rwanda
Paula Ingabire

**Paula Ingabire** ni umunyarwandakazi w'inzobere muby'ikoranabuhanga ndetse  n' umunyapolitiki, akaba ari Minisitiri  w'ikoranabuhanga n'itumanaho no guhanga udushya, wemejwe n'inama y'Abaminisitiri mu Rwanda, kuva tariki ya 18 Ukwakira 2018.  

## Amavu n'amavuko
Ingabire yize muri kaminuza y'u Rwanda, arangiza afite impamyabumenyi ya Bachelor . Yakomeje amashuri ye ndetse aza no kubona impamyabumenyi  y'ikirenga mu bijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga n'itumanaho, yakuye mu kigo cy'ikoranabuhanga cya Massachusetts (MIT). Yari umwe mubitabiriye ihuriro ryo gushyiraho sisitemu no kuzicunga  muri MIT. 

## Umwuga we wa mbere ya politiki
Mbere yuko aba minisitiri, yari Umuyobozi wa gahunda ya Kigali Innovation City . Mbere yibyo, yari afite umwanya w’umuyobozi wa ICT mu Nama ishinzwe iterambere ry’u Rwanda .   

## Nkumunyapolitiki
Yinjiye muri guverinoma yavuguruwe ya Perezida Paul Kagame wagabanije abagize guverinoma kuva kuri 31 ikagera kuri 26. Inama y'Abaminisitiri igizwe n'abagore 50 ku ijana; bayikoreramo. U Rwanda na  Etiyopiya,nibyo bihugu bibiri bya Afurika byonyine bifite uburinganire muri guverinoma zabyo. 

Nka minisitiri , ni umutegarugori uvuganira kandi wunganira ikoranabuhanga . Yiyumvisha ko ikoranabuhanga riri mubyo yise tekinoroji ya **kane y'inganda kwisi** . Minisitiri avuga ko udushya nk'utwo dushobora gufasha u Rwanda guteza imbere gahunda z'ubuvuzi, ndetse n'inzego z'ubukerarugendo. Yitabira inama za buri kwezi zumuryango wa Rwanda Blockchain. 

## Ibindi bitekerezo
Muri Werurwe 2020, Paula Ingabire yashyizwe mu bayobozi 115 bakiri bato ku isi mu mwaka wa 2020, n'ihuriro ry'ubukungu ku isi . Urutonde rurimo abayobozi ba leta, abanyamakuru, abarwanashyaka, abahanzi, abarezi, impuguke mu bucuruzi, n'abashinzwe ikoranabuhanga, bari munsi y’imyaka 40. 

## Reba kandi

* Inteko ishinga amategeko y'u Rwanda
* Minisitiri w’intebe w’u Rwanda

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Inama y'Abaminisitiri bashya mu Rwanda: Uruvange rw'imyaka, uburinganire & abatekinisiye guhera ku ya 19 Ukwakira 2018.
* Urubuga rwa Rwanda Minisiteri yamakuru n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho (MiTECH)
* Paula Ingabire
Yvonne Makolo

**Yvonne Manzi Makolo** ni inzobere mu bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga mu Rwanda akaba azi nibigendanye  n'ubucuruzi cyane, akaba n’umuyobozi mukuru wa Rwandair,ikigo gishinzwe indege cy’igihugu mu Rwanda . Yahawe uwo mwanya ku ya 6 Mata 2018.  Mbere yibyo, yabaye umuyobozi mukuru wungirije ushinzwe ibibazo by’amasosiyete muri iki kigo, kuva muri Mata 2017 kugeza Mata 2018.  

## Amavu n'amavuko
Yavukiye muri Congo,ise umubyara ni uwo mu bwoko bwa Luba ukomoka i Kasai (DRC), nyina wamwibarutse ni umunyarwandakazi. Yvonne yavukiye mu Rwanda. Mu 1993, yimukiye muri Canada ku bushake. Nyuma y'imyaka icumi, mu 2003 yagarutse mu Rwanda. We na mukuru we barezwe na nyina umwe, Se wa Yvonne yapfuye abakobwa be bakiri bato cyane. Afite amahugurwa yihariye mu ikoranabuhanga kandi yakoze n'umushinga wa software, haba muri Canada no mu Rwanda.

## Umwuga

Mu 2006, yinjiye muri MTN Rwanda, isosiyete ikora ibijyanye n’itumanaho mu gihugu. Nyuma yigihe, yazamutse mu ntera agera ku mwanya w’umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe kwamamaza (CMO) ndetse anaba n'umuyobozi mukuru (CEO), wa MTN. 

Muri Mata 2017, ubwo Inama y'Abaminisitiri y'u Rwanda yahinduraga imiyoborere mu Rwandair, Yvonne Manzi Makolo yagizwe Umuyobozi wungirije, ushinzwe ibibazo by'amasosiyete.  Umwaka umwe, muyindi mpinduka y'ubuyobozi mu ndege zigihugu, yahawe umwanya  w’umuyobozi mukuru mu Rwandair.

## Umuyobozi

Yvonne Makolo uretse kuba usanzwe uyobora Ikigo cy’u Rwanda cy’ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere cya RwandAir, yagizwe kandi umuyobozi mukuru w’Inama y’Ubutegetsi y’Ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga ryo gutwara abantu n’ibintu mu kirere (IATA)  mu gihe cy’umwaka umwe,  akaba ari we mugore wa mbere uzihawe. Yabaye umuyobozi w’iri huriro waryo wa 81, akaba ari na we mugore wenyine utorewe uyu mwanya kuva iri huriro ryashingwa.

## Izindi nshingano
Yvonne Makolo ni nyina w'abana bato. 

## Reba kandi

* Ubwikorezi mu Rwanda
* Urutonde rw'ibibuga by'indege mu Rwanda

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Urubuga rwa Rwandair
* Kagame ashyiraho abaminisitiri bashya Kuva ku ya 6 Mata 2018.
Urutonde rw'Inzu Ndangamurage mu Rwanda

Uru ni **urutonde rw'ingoro ndangamurage mu Rwanda** .

## Inzu ndangamurage mu Rwanda

* Ingoro y'umurage yitiriwe "Richard Kandt" (Nyarugenge-Kigali)
* **Ingoro y’Amateka y’Urugamba rwo Guhagarika Jenoside** (Akarere ka Gasabo-Kigali)
* Ingoro y'ubugeni n'ubuhanzi mu Rwanda (Akarere ka Kicukiro-Kigali)
* Ingoro y'Abami mu Rukari (Akarere ka Nyanza)
* Ingoro y'umurage w'amateka y’Imibereho y’abanyarwanda (Akarere ka Huye)
* Ingoro y'umurage w'ibidukikije (Akarere ka Karongi)
* Ingoro ndangamurage yo Kwigira (Akarere ka Nyanza)
* Ingoro y'amateka y'urugamba rwo Kubohora u Rwanda (Akarere ka Gicumbi)

## Reba ibindi

* Urutonde rw'ingoro ndangamurage
Ingoro ndangamurage y’Imibereho y’abanyarwanda (Rwanda)

Iyi ngoro ndangamurage y'imibereho y'abanyarwanda n'imwe mu ngoro ndangamurage umunani zigize Inteko y'Umuco Rwanda.

## Amateka

Yubatswe ku nkunga ya guverinoma y'Igihugu cy'Ububiligi. Yafunguwe bwa mbere mu 1989 kandi ni isoko nziza yamakuru ku mateka y’Umuco y'Igihugu ndetse n'akarere.  Aha hazwi kandi nk'ahantu hiciwe umwamikazi  Rosalie Gicanda n'abandi benshi mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 mu Rwanda . 

## Aho iherereye
Iyi ngoro ndangamurage iherereye ahari Icyicaro cy'Ikigo cy'Igihugu cy'Ingoro Ndangamurage z’u Rwanda i Huye, mu birometero 132 mu majyepfo y'umurwa mukuru wa Kigali-u Rwanda.

## Imikorere
Nubwo bwose iyi nzu ndangamurage yubatswe mu mwaka w'1987, ubu iri mu nimwe mu mazu ndangamuco abitse bimwe mu byegeranyo byiza bya Afurika. Ibibuga byayo birindwi byerekana amateka, amoko, ubuhanzi nubucukuzi bwa kera biherekejwe nabafasha mu mashusho, biha abashyitsi ubushishozi bukomeye ku muco w’abanyarwanda.

## Ibyo wareba

# https://web.archive.org/web/20210629093920/https://museum.gov.rw/index.php?id=68

## Ibindi wareba

* Ingoro ndangamurage - Ikigo cy'ingoro z'umurage w'u Rwanda
* Inzu Ndangamurage y'u Rwanda (Archive)
* Inzu Ndangamurage y'u Rwanda muri kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda
Mukeshimana Gérardine

**Dr Mukeshimana** **Gérardine** ni umunyarwandakazi w'umuhanga muri siyansi n'umunyapolitiki akaba yarabaye Minisitiri w'ubuhinzi n'ubworozi kuva muri Nyakanga 2014, ubu ni v*isi [[Perezidansi y’Amerika|Perezida]] w’Ikigega Mpuzamahanga gishinzwe guteza imbere Ubuhinzi (*'IFAD**'' **:''' International Fund for Agricultural Development ).

## Ubuzima bwabanje n'amashuri

DR Mukeshimana Gerardine yavutse ku ya 10 Ukuboza 1970 mu Karere ka Huye. Afite impamyabumenyi y’ubuhinzi y'ikiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza  yakuye muri kaminuza  nkuru y’u Rwanda n’impamyabumenyi ihanitse (2001) y'ikiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza, n'impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga yabonye muri (2013) mu bijyanye n’ibinyabuzima yakuye muri kaminuza ya Leta ya Michigan .  Nyuma yogusoza ikiciro ki cyirenga cya kaminuza yanditse igitabo. yahawe igihembo n'inama mpuzamahanga y'ibiribwa niterambere mu by'ubuhinzi (BIFAD) igihembo cy'umunyeshuri  ubuhanga bwe muri siyanse bwatanze umusanzu mubuhinzi bwo mu Rwanda muri 2012.

## Umwuga

Dr Mukeshimana Gerardine yabaye umwarimu mu ishami ry’ubuhinzi muri kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda, aba n'umuhuzabikorwa w’umushinga wo gutera inkunga imishinga yo mubice by'icyaro wa Banki y'isi .

Mu 2013, Mukeshimana Gerardine yari mu itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi muri Beca Hub, ikigo cy’ibinyabuzima mu kigo mpuzamahanga cy’ubushakashatsi ku bworozi (a biosciences facility at the International Livestock Research Institut) i Nairobi .

Dr Mukeshimana Gerardine yagizwe Minisitiri w'ubuhinzi n'ubworozi mu nama y'abaminisitiri yariyobowe na Minisitiri w'intebe Anastase Murekezi muri Nyakanga 2014.  Yakomeje umwanya we mu ivugurura ry’abaminisitiri muri Gicurasi 2016 ryakozwe na Perezida Paul Kagame .

Muri Kamena 2016, Dr Mukeshimana Gerardine yakiriye icyumweru cya karindwi ny'afurika cy’ubumenyi bw’ubuhinzi n’inama rusange y’ihuriro ry’ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi muri Afurika (FARA) i Kigali, ryatanze ingingo esheshatu zihamagarira abantu kugira ngo bagere kuri gahunda ya "Africa Feed Africa" bivuga ngo afurika igaburire afurika. Mu ivugurura ry’abaminisitiri ryo ku ya 31 Kanama 2017, Mukeshimana Gerardine yagumanye umwanya wo kuba minisitiri n’inshingano ze.

## Ibikorwa yamuritse mu nyandiko

* Mukeshimana, Gerardine; Lasley, Amy L. (May 2014). "Identification of Shoot Traits Related to Drought Tolerance in Common Bean Seedlings. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. American Society for Horticultural Science.
* Mukeshimana, Gerardine; Butare, Louis; Cregan, Perry B. Kelly, James D. (May 2014). Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Drought Tolerance in Common Bean". Crop Science. doi:10.2135/cropsci2013.06.0427.

## imiyoboro
Wi-Fi

**Wi-Fi** ( /w aɪ f aɪ / )  ni umuryango w'amahame y'umuyoboro udafite umugozi, ushingiye ku Ishyirahamwe rinini rya tekinike ku isi mu guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga (IEEE ) 802,11, ukaba ukunze gukoreshwa n'urusobe rw' ibikoresho bya apareye z'ikoranabuhanga byo mu karere uherereyemo no kugira uruhare mu gukoresha Interineti.
Yinsi

__NOTOC__

## A
Afelika ya Sudi - Afghanistan - Albania - Alemanyi - Algeria - America (see United States) - Andora - Angola - Antigua and Barbuda - Argentina - Armenia - Australia - Autriche - Azawad - Azerbaijan

## B
Bahamas - Bahrain - Bangladesh - Barbados - Belarusia - Belgium - Belize - Benin - Bermuda - Bhutan - Bolivia - Bosnia and Herzegovina - Botswana - Brazilia - Brunei - Balgaria - Burkina Faso - Burma - Burundi

## C
Canada - Central African Republic - Chad - Chile - People's Republic of China - Republic of China (*Taiwan*) - Colombia - Comoros - Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly *Zaire*) - Republic of the Congo - Costa Rica - Côte d'Ivoire - Croatia - Cuba - Cyprus - Czech Republic

## D
Denmark - Djibouti - Dominica - Dominican Republic

## E
Ecuador - Egypt - El Salvador - England (see Royaume-Uni) - Equatorial Guinea - Eritrea - Espania - Estoni - Ethiopia

## F
Fiji - Finlandi - Fwalansa

## G
Gana - Gambia - Georgia - Gelesi - Grenada - Guatemala - Guinea - Guinea-Bissau - Guyana

## H
Haiti - Hangu (Hangu ya Node, Hangu ya Sudi) - Holy See - Honduras - Hongrie

## I
Islande - India - Indonesia - Iran - Iraq - Irlande - Israel - Italia - Ivory Coast

## J
Jamaica - Japan - Jordan

## K
Kambodia - Kamerun - Kap Verde - Kazakhstan - Kenya - Kiribati - Kuwait - Kirgizstan

## L
Laos - Latvia - Lebanon - Lesotho - Liberia - Libia - Liechtenstein - Lietuva - Luxembourg

## M
Masedoniya ya Ruguru - Isle of Man - Madagascar - Malawi - Malaysia - Maldives - Mali - Malta - Marshall Islands - Mauritania - Mauritius - Mexico - Federated States of Micronesia - Moldova - Monaco - Mongolia - Monte Negro - Morocco - Mozambique - Myanmar

## N
Namibia - Nauru - Nepal - The Netherlands - New Zealand () - Ngabu - Nicaragua - Niger - Nigeria - Niue - Norway - Nzadi -

## O
Oman

## P
Pakistan - Palau - Palestine - Panama - Papua New Guinea - Paraguay - Peru - Philippines - Pologne - Portugal - Puerto Rico

## Q
Qatar

## R
Romania - Royaume-Uni - Rusia - Rwanda

## S
Saint Kitts and Nevis - Saint Lucia - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - Samoa - Saint-Marin - São Tomé e Príncipe - Saudi Arabia - Scotland (see Royaume-Uni) - Senangale - Serbie - Seychell - Sierra Leone - Singapore - Slovakia - Slovenia - Solomon Islands - Somalia - Sri Lanka - South Sudan - Sudan - Suedi - Suisi - Suriname - Swati - Syria

## T
Taiwan - Tajikistan - Tanzania - Thailand - Timoro-Lesite - Togo - Tonga - Trinidad and Tobago - Tunisia - Turki - Turkmenistan - Tuvalu

## U
Uganda - Ukraine - United Arab Emirates - United States of America - Uruguay - Uzbekistan

## V
Vanuatu - Vatican (*Holy See*) - Venezuela - Vietnam

## W
Western Sahara

## Y
Yemen

## Z
Zambia - Zimbabwe

## References
Kate Bashabe

**Kate Bashabe**  ufite amazina bwite Catherine Bashabe, wavutse 9 Nzeri 1990  ni Umunyarwandakazi w’Umushabitsi Akaba umujejeta faranga washinze Kabash brand na Kabash soucie Organisation ikora ibikorwa by'urukundo . yamenyekanye bwa mbere ubwo yabaga nyampinga wa MTN muri 2010, ndetse aza kuba Miss Nyarugenge muri 2012.

## Ubuzima bwo hambere hamwe nakazi
Muri 2010, Bashabe yatsindiye amarushanwa ya Miss MTN ndetse anaba ambasaderi wa MTN muri uwo mwaka. Mugihe yarangije amashuri yisumbuye, yanatangiye gutanga serivisi za protocole kumasosiyete menshi nka MTN, FERWACY nibikorwa byamasosiyete. Muri 2011, Bashabe yabaye umuyobozi ushinzwe kugurisha no kwamamaza ibicuruzwa muri farumasi ya RAK. nyuma yo gukora muri farumasi ya RAK imyaka hafi ibiri muri 2012, yatangije isosiyete ye itumiza mu mahanga, aho yatumizaga ibicuruzwa nkimodoka, imyenda, ibikoresho byo munzu mu izina ryabakiriya. Nyuma y'amezi make, yahisemo gukurikiza inzozi zo mu bwana bwe mu myambarire maze akingura inzu yimyambarire ya Kabash. Muri 2013, yaguye ashyiraho ubucuruzi bwa kabiri aho yibanze ku gishushanyo mbonera cy'imbere, ubukorikori bwa Afurika, byose munsi ya label ya Kabash. Bashabe yatumiriwe kwitabira ibirori mpuzamahanga byerekanwa muri Amerika muri 2016 na guverinoma y'u Rwanda mu rwego rwo kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa bya Kabash mu mahanga no kwagura abakiriya be. 

Nyuma yo gutsinda mu mwuga we, Bashabe yahisemo gusubiza umuryango we. Muri 2017, yateguye ibirori by'urukundo aho abahanzi baho bakoraga Live bagiye gutera inkunga abana bakennye mu Rwanda. Amafaranga yakusanyijwe muri iki gikorwa yerekanwe mu gutera inkunga abanyeshuri barenga 500 bo mu Rwanda. Yahise ashyiraho Kabash Cares muri 2018. Kabash Cares nigikorwa gitera inkunga abanyeshuri batishoboye mubukungu no mubikoresho. mumpera za 2019 uyu munyarwandakazi yagaragaye mu mujyi wa Liverpool ndetse yitabira umukino wa Liverpool na norwich wabaye kuwa 17 ukwakira 2019 ibi rero byazamuye inkuru nyinshi zavugaga ko yaba afitanye urukundo nicyirangirire cyo muri Senegal mane akaba rutahizamu wa Liverpool. gusa kate Bashabe icyigihe yari yagaragaye muri cartien za merseyside dore ko ariho ikipe ya Liverpool ibarizwa arika kate we avugako yari mu maduka yaho yigurira umwambaro wo kujyana kuri match.https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/hanze/article/kate-bashabe-yahakanye-urukundo-avugwamo-na-sadio-mane-wa-liverpool

## references
Urwagwa

**Divayi y'igitoki** ni **vino** yimbuto ikozwe gusa mubitoki .

Itandukanye n'inzoga z'igitoki, zifite umuco muremure kandi zifite akamaro gakomeye muri Afrika y'Uburasirazuba . Abahagarika n'abandi. (2001)  yanditse igice ku "Banana Wine" mu gitabo 

*Inzoga na kwirinda mu bihe: igitabo mpuzamahanga,* n'ubwo iyi ni gato urujijo, nk'uko Kugaragaza ibyo ni ubusanzwe yitwa inzoga insina ari insina divayi. Amakuru batanga kuri *Tekinike Yumusaruro* hamwe *nImibereho* *Myiza n'Imihango* bifitanye isano na nyuma ntabwo bifitanye isano nibisanzwe bita vino y'ibitoki.

Tanzaniya, divayi y'ibitoki ikorwa mu bucuruzi no gusya ibitoki byumye, bikaranze, byeze. Amazi (kugirango agabanye igitoki cyinshi cyane), umusemburo wa vino nisukari byongewe kuri "mashi yigitoki". 

Gutunganya inzoga gakondo (nkuko byasobanuwe kurupapuro rwinzoga rwibitoki    ) bitandukanye no gutunganya divayi y'ubucuruzi. Kurugero, inzira yo gukora vino yigitoki ikoreshwa na Banana Investment Ltd nuburyo bukurikira: 

# Imineke yeze irashishwa hanyuma igashyirwa muri barrique ya plastike yuzuyemo amazi.
# Ibirimo bya barrale noneho bigakanda (bikaranze) hamwe nigitoki cyimashini cyimurirwa mumasafuri manini yicyuma hanyuma kigatekwa kumasaha menshi, kigakora umusingi w umutobe nimbuto .
# Amaseri y'ibitoki yanetse arengwa hanyuma isukari yongerwamo umutobe usigaye hanyuma wongeye gutekwa.
# Umutobe utetse usigaye ukonje.
# Umusemburo wa divayi wongeyeho umutobe ukonje, uryoshye kandi ushyirwa mubigega bya fermentation ya plastike muminsi 15 kugeza kuri 20, bitewe nibicuruzwa.
# Amazi asembuye avangwa n'amazi meza, agacupa hanyuma akoherezwa kugirango akwirakwizwe. 

Mu umusaruro y'ubucuruzi, 'Cavendish' ibitoki zikoreshwa, naho umusaruro kizanye, bitandukanye cultivars, harimo bombi guteka no inzoga East African Highland ibitoki, ' Pisang Awak ', ' Gros Michel ' na ibitoki Apple zikoreshwa.Umuvinyu ukomoka mu bucuruzi ni ibinyobwa bisobanutse, byoroheje cyane binyobwa bisindisha hamwe nigihe kirekire cyo kubaho kurenza inzoga yigitoki, yangiritse byoroshye bityo ikabikwa igihe kirekire. Ukurikije ubwoko bwimisemburo nubunini bwisukari yongeyeho, uburyohe hamwe ninzoga murwego rwanyuma birahinduka. 

Umusaruro wa divayi yigitoki ahanini uri kurwego ruto, nubwo hageragejwe kubigeza ku musaruro w’inganda,  kandi hari abakora ubucuruzi bwa divayi yigitoki (urugero Arusha ikorera muri Banana Investment Ltd). 

Kuva mu ntangiriro ya 2000, hageragejwe kwagura umusaruro wa divayi y'ibitoki mu bindi bihugu aho usanga ibihingwa byiganje. Guverinoma ya Philippines yashatse kwagura inganda z’ibitoki zaho,  gihe Ubuhinde bwakoze divayi y’ibitoki byatsindiye ibihembo ndetse n’ubushakashatsi mu kwagura umusaruro.  

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Inzoga zuzuye ibitoki kumuryango wawe - Arusha Times Kurubuga
* Umuneke wumunyobwa? Ibiryo biz bitanga ibitekerezo bishya i Paris
Flavia Tumusiime

**Flavia Tumusiime** ni umukinnyi wa filime ukomoka muri Uganda, anakora kuri radiyo na televiziyo, umuhanzi urenga amajwi, emcee akaba n'umwanditsi w’iminsi 30 ya Flavia . Akora ku kiganiro cya mu gitondo (AM-PM Show) kuri radiyo 91.3 Capital FM i Kampala, uwahoze akorana na Morning @ NTV kuri NTV Uganda aho na we yikubye kabiri nk'inkuru y'amakuru kuri "NTV Iri joro" kandi ni VJ kumuyoboro O. Yakinnye nka Kamali Tenywa (uruhare runini) muri televiziyo ya Nana Kagga, Munsi Yibinyoma - Urukurikirane kuva 2014 kugeza 2016 kandi yakiriye hamwe na Guinness Football Challenge. 

## Ubuzima bwambere nuburere
Tumusiime yavutse mu 1989 i Kampala kandi ni umwana w'ikinege wa Enoki Tumusiime na Christine Asiimwe, bakomoka i Kabale, mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bwa Uganda. Yize muri St Theresa Kisubi mu mashuri abanza, hanyuma yinjira mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Kitante Hill ku byiciro byombi "O" na "A". Nyuma yize mu ishuri ry’ubucuruzi rya kaminuza ya Makerere aho yarangirije impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga. 

## Televiziyo
Tumusiime yakoraga kuri Television kuva akiri ingimbi.Yatangiye akor kuri WBS  kuri TV's teen's club, ikiganiro yakoraga nizindi ngimbi mu gihe cy'imyaka ine. Hagati ya 2010 na 2012, yakoze kuri K-files, ikindi kiganiro kuri WBS TV. Kuva 2011, yamurikiraga Guinness football challenge. Yacaga muri aired kuri NTV (Uganda) na ITV & KTN (Kenya). Mugihe kimwe , yahoze ari VJ kuri Channel O. Yanamurikiraga kandi Big Brother Africa mu 2012.

Flavia yinjiye muri NTV Uganda nk'icyuma cy'amakuru kuri NTV Iri joro mu 2016. Yahoze afatanya nundi gukora ikiganiro mu igitondo Morning @ NTV yatangiye mu ntangiriro za 2018.

## Radiyo
Tumusiime yagize igihe gito akora nk'umunyamakuru kuri HOT100 FM mu 2006 mbere yuko atura muri Capital FM aho yahoze kugeza aya magingo. 

## Ibihembo no kumenyekana

* Igihembo cya Young Achievers kubitangazamakuru n'itangazamakuru 2013
* Igihembo cya silver mucyiciro cyiza cyo kwerekana igitaramo cyiza cya Radio na TV 2013. 
* Icyitegererezo cya Teeniez mu 2013 Buzz Teeniez Awards . 
* Umwambaro mwiza wumugore witangazamakuru wumwaka - Abryanz Style na Fashion Awards 2015
* Umugore mwiza mubijyanye na Radio kurusha abandi  - Uganda Entertainment Awards 2016

## Amashusho

### Imyiyereko kuri Television

## Reba kandi

* Jackie Lumbasi
* Gaetano Kagwa
* Nana Kagga Macpherson
* Natasha Sinayobye
Diane Gashumba

## '''DR.Diane Gashumba''' MD, MMed (Pediatrics), ni umuganga w’abana mu [[Rwanda]], umuyobozi w’ubuvuzi akaba n'umunyapolitiki. Yabaye Minisitiri w'Ubuzima mu [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|y'abaminisitiri]] ya Minisitiri w'Intebe [[Édouard Ngirente|Edouard Ngirente]] . Yahawe uwo mwanya ku ya 4 Ukwakira 2016.

Mbere y’ibyo, kuva ku ya 26 Werurwe 2016 kugeza ku ya 4 Ukwakira 2016, Gashumba yabaye Minisitiri w’Uburinganire n’iterambere ry’umuryango muri guverinoma ya Minisitiri w’intebe Anastase Murekezi. 

## Amavu n'amavuko
Gashumba afite impamyabushobozi Doctor of Medicine ( MD ) kandi na  Master of Medicine ( MMed ), umwihariko mu buvuzi bw'abana  . 

## Umwuga
Nk’uko urubuga rwa minisiteri y’ubuzima mu Rwanda rubitangaza, Gashumba yari amaze imyaka 17 akora ubuvuzi guhera mu 2016. Mu gihe cyimyaka itatu yabaye umuyobozi wubuvuzi wibitaro bya Kibagabaga nibitaro bya Muhima.   Hagati ya 2010 na 2016, yakoranye n’umushinga w’ubuzima bw’abana n’ababyeyi batewe inkunga na USAID nka "Umuyobozi mukuru w’itsinda" mu rwego rw’ubuziranenge ndetse no kuba "Umuyobozi wungirije w’ishyaka" Umushinga wa miliyoni 57.3 z’amadorali wagizwe 23 mu turere 30 two mu Rwanda. 

## Ibindi yakoze

* Ubufatanye bwa RBM mu guhagarika Malariya, Umwe mu bagize Inama y'Ubutegetsi (guhera muri 2019)
Eugène Mutimura

**Eugene Mutimura** numuhanga **numushakashatsi** wu Rwanda. Ubu ni minisitiri w’uburezi muri Repubulika yu Rwanda .   Mbere yo kugirwa minisitiri w’uburezi, Mutimura yahuzaga umushinga w’ibikorwa by’indashyikirwa muri Afurika y’iburasirazuba n’Amajyepfo byatewe inkunga na Banki y’isi mu bihugu umunani, kugira ngo ushyigikire ubushakashatsi n’uburezi muri kaminuza cumi nesheshatu. Yahawe buruse ya Fulbright . Yabonye impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga ya kaminuza muri kaminuza ya Witwatersrand, Johannesburg mu 2007 kandi mbere yakoraga mu karere ka Alliance ishinzwe iterambere rirambye.
Claver Gatete

**Claver Gatete** (wavutse ku ya 23 Gicurasi 1962) ni umunyapolitiki wo mu Rwanda akaba n'uwahoze ari ambasaderi, ubu akaba ari Minisitiri w’ibikorwa Remezo muri guverinoma y’u Rwanda . Mbere yuko ashyirwaho muri Mata 2018, yabaye Minisitiri w’Imari n’Igenamigambi mu by'ubukungu kuva 2013 kugeza 2018. Yari yarabaye Guverineri wa Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda kandi yari na Ambasaderi w'Urwanda muri United Kingdom, Ireland, na Iceland . 

## Amavu n'amavuko
Claver Gatete yavukiye i Mbarara, muri Uganda ku ya 23 Gicurasi 1962, ari naho yakuriye kandi yiga. Afite Impamyabumenyi ya siyansi mu bukungu bw’ubuhinzi yakuye muri kaminuza y’Ubwongereza ya Columbiya, Vancouver, yahawe mu 1991. Shebuja wa siyansi, no mu bukungu bw’ubuhinzi, yahawe igihembo mu 1993, na kaminuza imwe. 

## Umwuga
Amaze kurangiza kaminuza, Gatete yakoraga muri Kanada nk'umukungu mu by'ubukungu hagati ya 1991 na 1997, hanyuma akora nk'umukungu mu by'ubukungu muri gahunda y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda kugeza mu 2000. 

Mu Kwakira 2001, Gatete yinjiye mu biro bya perezida nk'umuntu uhagarariye perezida muri komite nyobozi ya NEPAD . Yabaye kandi Umuhuzabikorwa w’urwego rw’igihugu rushinzwe gusuzuma urungano rw’Afurika (APRM) ndetse anaba umunyamuryango w’ihuriro ry’ubufatanye muri Afurika rya NEPAD (APF), kugeza mu Gushyingo 2003. 

Mu gihe cy'imyaka ibiri, kuva mu gushyingo 2005, yakoze nka Secretary wa Tresorier,  ibyimari namikoro

Kuva mu Gushyingo 2005 kugeza Ukuboza 2009, Gatete yari ambasaderi w'u Rwanda mu Bwongereza, Irilande na Isilande, mbere yo kwinjira muri Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda nka guverineri wungirije. Yaje kuba Guverineri wa Banki nkuru y’u Rwanda kuva muri Gicurasi 2011, mbere yuko agirwa Minisitiri w’imari. 

Yagizwe Minisitiri w’ibikorwa Remezo muri Mata 2018, asimbuye James Musoni . Yasimbuwe na Minisitiri w’imari w’u Rwanda na Uzziel Ndagijimana . 

## Ibindi bikorwa

* Banki Nyafurika itsura amajyambere (AfDB), Ex-Officio umwe mu bagize Inama y'Ubutegetsi (2013-2018) 

## Reba kandi

* Inama y'Abaminisitiri mu Rwanda

## Kugaragara kwa firime

* Filime y'amavuko (2010)
Umugabekazi

Umugabekazi ni inyito yitwaga nyina w'Umwami.

Umugabekazi (izina mu Cyongereza a Queen mother or a dowager queen) 

## Mu Rwanda
Ubutegetsi bw'ingoma ya cyami mu Rwanda rwo hambere bwari bushingiye k'umwami ariwe nyir'igihugu ariko bukagenda bugira izindi nzego cyangwa abandi bantu batandukanye bagendaga bafasha cyangwa se bunganiraga Umwami uri ku ngomba mu buryo butandukanye. 

Amatwara y'Ingoma-Ngabe aboneka mu bwiru; yavugaga ko iyo umwami yimaga, yimanaga na nyina, umwana akaba umwami w'igihugu, undi akaba umugabekazi wacyo, Umugabekazi akaba yaranganyaga ububasha n'Umwami. ibyemezo byose biyobora igihugu bakabifatira hamwe, ariko nanone nubwo amahame ya cyami yavugaga ko abagore bose ari ab'Umwami, ntibishaka kuvugako umugore w'Umwami wese ari umwamikazi. Umwami yagiraga Umwamikazi umwe, abandi bakaba inshoreke. bityo rero umwamikazi yagiraga aho akomoka akaba ari nawe uzaba umugabekazi, agategekana n'umuhungu we igihe Umwami yabaga yatanze.

umugabekazi yabaga aumwe numwamikazi umwe kungo nayo yabaga iyobowe n'umwami umwe gusa rukumbi.

## Amateka n'imishyirirweho y'abagabekazi
Amateka agaragaza ko kuva Gihanga yahanga ingoma nyiginya y'I Gasabo, aha ndavuga ahasaga mu w'1090 kugeza mu w'1124, Abamikazi ari nabo bavagamo abagabekazi bagiraga imiryango n'ubwoko bakomokagamo. umuryango bakomokagamo witwaga IBIBANDA. ibibanda bwari ubwoko bubyara abagabekazi. 

## Umumaro w'Umugabekazi
Umugabekazi yabaga afite ububasha mu gufata ibyemezo, ubwo bubasha yabugiraga nyuma yuko umuhungu we yimye Ingoma akaba umwami. kuko mugihe yabaga ari Umwamikazi yaherekezaga umwami mu birori cyangwa mu butumire butandukanye ari ntabyemezo ashobora kugiramo uruhare kugeza Umwami atanze umuhungu we akima Ingoma. Ikindi nuko ntamwami wagiraga umugabe akazi ari mukase. 

## Amafoto

## Notes

## Imiyoboro
François Kanimba

**François Kanimba** ni impuguke n'inararibonye mu bukungu n'ibarurishamibare.

## Ubuzima bwe n'amashuri yize
**François Kanimba** yavutse taliki kuwa 18 werurwe 1958, avukira mu Murenge wa Kamegeri, mu Karere ka Nyamagabe (hahoze ari Gikongoro). Ababyeyi be bari abahinzi, iwabo uretse Kanimba Francois abandi kwiga byarabananiye, bava mu ishuri bajya gucuruza. **Kanimba** yize amashuri abanza kuva mu 1963 kugera 1971, amashuri y'isumbuye yayize mu ishuri ry'isumbuye rya Runyombyi kuva mu 1971 kugera 1977. Kanimba kandi yize muri kaminuza i Paris mu Ubufaransa aho yize ibijyanye ni ibarurishamibare mu ubukungu kuva mu 1977 kugera mu 1983.

## Imirimo yakoze
**François Kanimba** arangije amashuri yagarutse mu Rwanda aho kuva mu mwaka wa 1984 kugera 1995 yabaye umuyobozi mukuru muri Minisiteri y'igenamigambi ya Leta. Kuva mu 1995 yagiye gukora mu ishami rya Banki y'isi i Kigali nk'impuguke mu bukungu. Kanimba yabaye visi guverineri wa Banki nkuru y'u Rwanda kuva mu 2000 kugera mu 2002. Nyuma yabaye guverineri wa Banki nkuru y'u Rwanda kuva mu 2002 kugera mu 2011. Kanimba kandi yabaye Minisitiri w'inganda n'ubucuruzi kuva muri 2011 kugera mu 2017, Kanimba kandi niwe watangije polite ya Leta y'ibikorerwa mu Rwanda (Made in Rwanda) mu mwaka wa 2015.  kuva muri kanama 2020 **Kanimba** ni Komiseri ushinzwe Isoko Rusange, Ubukungu, Ubucuruzi n’imari by’umuryango w’ubukungu w’ibihugu byo muri Afurika yo hagati (ECCAS). 

## Ibindi wareba

* Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda
* Dr. Monique Nsanzabaganwa

## Reba
Toni-Ann Singh

**Toni-Ann Singh** (yavutse ku ya 1 Gashyantare 1996) ni umuririmbyi w’umunyamerikakazi numunyajameyikakazi wo muri Jamayike akaba n'umwamikazi w’ubwiza watsindiye Miss World 2019 . Yabanje kwambikwa ikamba rya Miss Jamaica World 2019 akaba n'umugore wa kane ukomoka muri Jamaica wegukanye Miss World .

## Ubuzima bwambere nuburere

Singh yavukiye i Morant Bay, muri Jamayike. Akomoka mu murage wa Dougla, nyina akomoka muri Afro-Jamayike, naho se akomoka mu Buhinde na Jamayike . 

The family immigrated to the United States when Singh was aged nine, settling in Florida. She attended Florida State University in Tallahassee, where she graduated with a degree in women's studies and psychology.

## Umwuga

### Miss Jamaica Isi 2019
Muri 2019, Singh yitabiriye amarushanwa ya Miss Jamaica World 2019, aho yaje gutwara igikombe. Nyuma, Singh yahawe uburenganzira bwo guhagararira Jamaica muri Miss World 2019 . 

### Miss World 2019
Singh yavuye i Londres mu Gushyingo 2019, kugira ngo yitabire ibikorwa byabanjirije amarushanwa ya Miss World. Singh yashyize muri 40 ba mbere mu marushanwa ya Top Model kandi yatsindiye amarushanwa yimpano, amwemerera kwinjira muri kimwe cya kabiri cyambere.  Ijoro rya nyuma ryabaye ku ya 14 Ukuboza muri ExCeL London, aho Singh yazamutse kuva kuri 40 ba mbere akagera kuri 12 ba mbere, amaherezo akaza muri batanu ba mbere. Yaje kwambikwa ikamba ry'uwatsinze, aha umwanya wa kabiri Ophély Mézino wo mu Bufaransa ndetse na Suman Rao wa kabiri mu Buhinde .  Intsinzi ye, Singh abaye umugore wa kane wo muri Jamayike watwaye iki gikombe, uwanyuma akaba Lisa Hanna wambitswe ikamba rya Miss World 1993, n’umugore wa mbere w’umwirabura wegukanye Miss World kuva Agbani Darego wo muri Nijeriya yatsindiye Miss World 2001 .  Intsinzi ye kandi yatumye umwaka wa 2019 uba umwaka wambere abategarugori birabura begukanye ibihembo bibiri bya Big Four byamamaye byubwiza bwamamare ku isi, nyuma yuko Zozibini Tunzi abaye umwirabura wa mbere w’umwirabura wa Afurika yepfo wegukanye izina rya Miss Universe. 

*
Mbabazi Rosemary

**MBABAZI Rosmary** ni umunyarwandakazi w'umucuruzikazi akaba n'umunyapolitiki mu Rwanda, yabaye Minisitiri w’Urubyiruko muri Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko muri guverinoma y’u Rwanda, kuva ku ya 31 Kanama 2017. Mbabazi yabaye umuyobozi kandi nka guverineri w'intara y'iburasirazuba , mbere yuko aba minisitiri . Ubu ni ambasaderi w'u Rwanda muri Ghana 

## Amashuri yize

Mbabazi afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu Burezi, yakuye muri kaminuza ya Makerere, i Kampala muri Uganda . Afite kandi  impamabumenyi y'ikiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu 'ishami rya  Business Administration, yakuye mu kigo cyo mu Bwongereza . 

## Umwuga

Kuva muri 2009 kugeza muri 2011 yabaye umuyobozi w'ishami rishinzwe guteza imbere ishoramari mu Nama ishinzwe iterambere ry'u Rwanda . Mu mwaka wa 2011, Rosemary Mbabazi yagizwe umurinzi wa Hotel Umubano akaba na perezida wa Soprotel, isosiyete ikora imishinga ihuriweho na guverinoma y'u Rwanda na Libiya.  Muri Gashyantare 2012, yagizwe umunyamabanga uhoraho muri Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko nikoranabuhanga,  akora muri urwo rwego kugeza muri Gashyantare 2017, ubwo yimurirwaga muri Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi, inganda n’umuryango w’Afurika y’iburasirazuba (MINEACOM), nk'umunyamabanga uhoraho. Mu ivugurura ry’abaminisitiri ryo ku ya 31 Kanama 2017, Mbabazi yagizwe minisitiri w’abaminisitiri muri Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko iherutse gushingwa, yahoze ari Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko n'itumanaho, imaze kugabanywamo ibice bibiri. 

## Izindi nshingano
Rosemary Mbabazi mbere yabaye umwe mu bagize inama y'ubutegetsi y'Ikigo cy'Imisoro n'Amahoro (RRA). 

## Amashakiro
Busingye Kabumba

**Busingye Kabumba** (wavutse ku ya 12 Kamena 1982) ni umunyamategeko wa Uganda n'umusizi. Ni Umwarimu wamategeko, Ikigo cy’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu n’Amahoro (HURIPEC), mu ishami ry’amategeko, kaminuza ya Makerere akaba n’umufatanyabikorwa w’ubujyanama hamwe na M / S Law Law Associates.  Icyegeranyo cye cy’imivugo, "Kwongorera Ubugingo Bwanjye",  yatsindiye igihembo cya mbere mu cyiciro cy’imirimo yatangajwe mu gitabo cy’igihugu cy’ibitabo cy’igihugu cya Uganda (NABOTU) cyo mu 2002. Gusohora iki gitabo mu 2001 ubwo yari afite imyaka 19 y'amavuko byatumye aba umusizi muto wa Uganda wigeze gusohora icyegeranyo cyose cy'imivugo. 

## Ubuzima bwambere nuburere
Kabumba yavutse ku ya 21 Kamena 1982 na Porofeseri Ijuka Kabumba na Madamu Bazaire Kabumba, bombi bakaba ari abarimu. Ni uwa kane mu muryango w'abantu batanu. Yagiye mu ishuri ribanza rya St Kizito, Namilyango kaminuza ku rwego rwa "O" na King's College Budo ku rwego rwa "A".  Yarangije afite LL. B wo muri kaminuza ya Makerere . Busingye amaze kurangiza mu kigo gishinzwe iterambere ry'amategeko afite impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu bijyanye n'amategeko mu by'amategeko, Busingye yize impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'amategeko mbonezamubano muri kaminuza ya Oxford . Nyuma yaje gukora ibijyanye n’amategeko muri kaminuza ya Harvard . 

## Imirimo yatangajwe

* Whispers of My Soul . Isosiyete isohora Nyonyi. 2001.
Rilima

**Rilima** n'umujyi uri mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bw'u Rwanda . Niwo mujyi wegereye  ikibuga cyindege mpuzamahanga cya Bugesera . 

## Aho Uherereye

Rilima iherereye mu Karere ka Bugesera, Intara y'Iburasirazuba, mu majyepfo ya Kigali, umurwa mukuru w'igihugu n'umujyi munini mu gihugu. Aho iherereye ni 42.5 kilometres (26.4 mi), kumuhanda, mumajyepfo ya Kigali.  Imiterere ya geografiya ya Rilima ni: 02 ° 09'35.0 "S, 30 ° 13'31.0" E (Ubunini: -2.159722; Uburebure: 30.225278).  Rilima iherereye ku butumburuke bwa 1,394 metres (4,573 ft) hejuru yinyanja. 

## Incamake

Rilima irashobora kugera i Kigali, mugihe cisaha imwe n'imodoka yigenga.  Mu bigo biboneka mu mujyi cyangwa hafi yacyo harimo Centre Orthopédique Sainte Marie Rilima (Ibitaro bya Saint Mary's Othopedic Hospital Rilima), ibitaro bifite ibitanda 70 by’inzobere mu kuvura ibibazo by’imyororokere y’abana, birimo ibirenge by’amaguru, amaguru n'amaguru.  

Ikindi kigo kiboneka muri uyu mujyi, ni Gereza ya Rilima, ifunzwe n'abagororwa barenga 7.400, abenshi muri bo bakaba bategereje kuburanishwa.  Ikigo nderabuzima cya Rilima ni ikigo nderabuzima cyegereye ibiryo ibiryo ku bagore n'abana bafite ibibazo by'imirire. Itegeka ababyeyi uburyo bwo gutegura ibiryo byatanzwe kugirango bagere ku nyungu nziza. Ababyeyi nabo bigishwa uburyo bwo guhinga imboga zifite intungamubiri. Serivisi zo kuboneza urubyaro, imikorere myiza yisuku no guhitamo indyo yuzuye irigishwa. 

Ikigo giheruka kuza i Rilima ni ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Bugesera, cyatangiye kubakwa muri Kanama 2017,  kandi biteganijwe ko icyiciro cya mbere kizarangira mu 2019. 

## Reba kandi

* Nyamata

## Reba
Nyamata

**Nyamata** n'umujyi uri mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bw'u Rwanda . Nyamata ijambo ku rindi risobanura "ahantu h'amata" bivuye mu   

magambo abiri ya Kinyarwanda "nya-" (ya) na "amata" (amata). 

## Aho iherereye

Nyamata iherereye mu Karere ka Bugesera, Intara y'Iburasirazuba, mu majyepfo ya Kigali, umurwa mukuru w'igihugu n'umujyi munini mu gihugu. Aho iherereye ni 39 kilometres (24 mi), kumuhanda, mumajyepfo ya Kigali . 

## Amateka

Ntabwo bizwi neza ibyabereye muri kariya karere mbere ya 1900. Mu 1900 ariko, habaye intambara hagati y'Ubwami bw'u Rwanda-Rwagasabo na Cyirima nk'Umwami, n'Ubwami bwa Bugesera Umwami we yari Nsoro. Bugesera yatsinze intambara, Nsoro yigarurira Cyirima ariko ntiyamwica cyangwa ngo agire ifasi y'u Rwanda-Rwagasabo. Nsoro amaze gupfa umuhungu we Ruganzu Ndori yabaye Umwami. Ruganzu Ndori yari umwami wa nyuma wa Bugesera, yapfuye mu 1962 igihe u Rwanda rwaba repubulika.

## Incamake

Nyamata n'umujyi muto mu Karere ka Bugesera, mu Rwanda. Ikibuga cy’indege gishya, ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Bugesera, kirimo kubakwa, kuva muri Kanama 2017, biteganijwe ko ibyiciro bya mbere bizarangira muri 2019. 

Umujyi kandi niho Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata . Urwibutso ruherereye aho kiliziya Gatolika ya Paruwasi ya Nyamata yahoze ihagaze, irimo ibisigazwa by’abantu barenga 45.000 bahohotewe na jenoside, hafi ya bose bakaba bari abatutsi, barimo abarenga 10,000 biciwe muri iryo torero ubwaryo.  

## Abaturage

Ibarura rusange ry’abaturage ryo ku ya 15 Kanama 2012, abaturage ba Nyamata bari 34.922. 

## Ingingo zishimishije

Ingingo zikurikira inyungu ziri mu mujyi cyangwa hafi y'imbibi y' umujyi: (a) Nyamata urwibutso rwa Jenoside, (b) mu biro Nyamata Inama Town, (c) Nyamata hagati isoko (d) ishami rya Banki ya Kigali, (e) ishami rya Banki ya Urwego Opportunity na (f) Ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Bugesera, hafi y'umujyi wa Rilima . 

## Reba kandi

* Akarere ka Bugesera
* Bank of Kigali
* Urwego Amahirwe Banki

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Urubuga rw'Intara y'Iburasirazuba, u Rwanda (Kinyarwanda) & (Icyongereza)
* Ishusho y'urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata
Prime Minister of Rwanda

Iyi ngingo irerekana abaminisitiri b’intebe b’u Rwanda kuva uyu mwanya watangira mu 1961 (mu gihe cya Revolution y'u Rwanda ), kugeza na nubu. Abantu cumi n'umwe bose bakoreye kuri uyu mwanya. Minisitiri w’intebe w’u Rwanda uriho ubu ni Édouard Ngirente, watangiye imirimo ku ya 30 Kanama 2017. 

## Urufunguzo

; *Amashyaka ya politiki*

* Part of Hutu Emancipation Movement(ParmeHutu)
* National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development(MRND)
* Republican Democratic Movement (MDR)
* Rwandan Patriotic Front(FPR)
* Social Democratic Party(PSD)
*

; *Indi mitwe*

## Urutonde rw'abakozi

* Rwanda
** Politiki yo mu Rwanda
** Urutonde rw'abami b'u Rwanda
** Urutonde rwa ba perezida b'u Rwanda
** Visi Perezida w'u Rwanda
** Urutonde rwa ba guverineri b'abakoloni ba Ruanda-Urundi
*** Urutonde rwabakoloni batuye u Rwanda
* Urutonde rw'abayobozi

## Inyandiko


## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Abanyamahanga ku isi - u Rwanda
Nyampinga w'u Rwanda

Nyampinga w'u Rwanda ni irushanwa ryashyizweho hagamijwe gutora umukobwa uhiga abandi mu bwiza, ubwenge n'umuco. Iri rushanwa ritegurwa na Rwanda Inspiration backup, rikaba ryaratangiye mu 1910 ritangizwa n'Abakoloni n'Abadage.

## Amateka

Nyampinga w'u Rwanda watowe bwa mbere ni Nubuhoro Jeanne atorerwa muri Hoteli Méridien ubu yahindutse Marasa Umubano mu 1991 akaba yarishwe muri Genocide yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Yaje gusimburwa na Uwera Dalila watowe mu Ukuboza mu 1993, agomba kuba Nyampinga w'u Rwanda mu 1994 akaba ari nawe wamenyekanye cyane , kuri ubu aba mu gihugu cy'Ububiligi.

## Uko bagiye bakurikirana

1.Nubuhoro Jeanne 1991

2.Uwera Dalila 1994

3.Bahati Grace 2009 

4.Kayibanda Aurore 2012

5.Akiwacu Colombe 2014

6.Kundwa Doriane 2015

7.Mutesi Jolly 2016

8. Iradukunda Elsa 2017

9.Iradukunda Liliane 2018

10.Nimwiza Meghan 2019

11.Nishimwe Naomie 2020

12.Ingabire Grace 2021 

13.Muheto Divine 

### AMASHAKIRO
# https://web.archive.org/web/20201108235441/https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/amateka-avuguruzanya-ni-nde-wabaye-nyampinga-w-u-rwanda-bwa-mbere
# https://web.archive.org/web/20200222045251/http://missrwanda.rw/news/latest-news/article/urutonde-rw-abakobwa-20-bazavamo-nyampinga-w-u-rwanda-rwamenyekanye
# https://web.archive.org/web/20201107000404/https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ba-nyampinga-b-u-rwanda-mu-bihe
Perefegitura ya Butare

**Butare** yari intara ( *perefegitura* ) y'u Rwanda mbere yuko iseswa muri Mutarama 2006. Umujyi wa Butare niwo mujyi wa kabiri munini mu Rwanda kandi ni imwe mu ntara zahoze ari intara cumi na zibiri. Iherereye mu majyepfo yo hagati mu gihugu kandi ihana imbibi n'Uburundi mu majyepfo. yari ifite abaturage 77.449 guhera muri Mutarama 2006.

## Ibisobanuro
Butare yari iherereye mu majyepfo y'iburengerazuba bw'igihugu kandi ihana imbibi n'Uburundi . Uburinganire bwayo bwari bujyanye n’ibindi bihugu byose byo mu Rwanda, kandi byari imisozi ugereranije na Tanzaniya ikikije, ariko ntibyari imisozi nk’amajyaruguru yu Rwanda.

## Jenoside

Mu buhamya bwatanzwe mu rukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rw’u Rwanda (ICTR) rwakoze iperereza kuri jenoside yo mu Rwanda mu 1994, impuguke André Guichaoua yavuze ko Butare ari "intara y’inyeshyamba." Butare ni perefegitura yonyine iyobowe n'Umututsi, Jean-Baptiste Habyalimana, warwanyije byimazeyo jenoside. Kubera ko yari ifite umubare munini w'Abatutsi, politiki ya perefegitura yiganjemo Parti Social Démocrate (PSD), aho kuba Mouvement Républicain National pour la Démocratie et le développement (MRND), aho Interahamwe za jenoside zakuye abayoboke. Interahamwe muri Butare rero ntizari nyinshi kandi zitunganijwe neza kurusha bagenzi babo bo mu bindi bice by'igihugu. Igihe igihugu cyatangiraga kumena amaraso nyuma y'urupfu rwa Perezida Juvenal Habyarimana (ntaho ahuriye na perefe) ku ya 6 Mata 1994, Butare ntiyigeze ikorwaho, usibye komini ya Nyakizu . Abatutsi benshi bahunze urugomo mu tundi turere tw’igihugu basanze ubuhungiro i Butare.

Umutuzo wamaze ibyumweru bibiri. Perezida w'agateganyo Théodore Sindikubwabo, na we ukomoka mu gace ka Butare, yashyizeho perefe mushya ku ya 19 Mata mu birori byabereye mu murwa mukuru wa perefegitura. Perefe Habyalimana nyuma yaho gato arafatwa aricwa. Umwe mu bajegukurikiraho gupfa ni uwahoze ari Umwamikazi Rosalie Gicanda, wasobanuwe n'ubushinjacyaha bwa ICTR ko ari "ikimenyetso cy'amateka ku Batutsi bose". Paramilitary imitwe n'Interahamwe bari hanyuma bubona mu Kigali, ikimenyetso ntangiriro bwicanyi. Hasabwe ko ubuyobozi bwa guverinoma y'Abahutu bwahangayikishijwe cyane na Butare kuko benshi muri bo bari kavukire; uretse Sindikubwabo, Minisitiri w'Intebe Jean Kambanda (umuntu wa mbere uhamijwe icyaha TPIR), General Augustin Ndindiliyimana (umutwe wa Gendarmie), na Pauline Nyiramasuhuko, wari minisitiri wa abagore n'umuryango bari bose bavukiye mu Butare. N'ubwo itsembabwoko ryatinze ibyumweru bibiri, 220.000 baje kwicwa. Iba barenga 20% byuzuye hamwe umubara usumba kure iya perefegitura iyo ari yo yose.

## Amahuza ryo hanze

* Butare Pilote
* Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda kuri Kigali na Butare
* Butare, Umujyi 'Umunyabwenge' warushije agaciro, Ndetse no muri Jenoside, ibiro ntaramakuru bya Hirondelle, ku ya 18 Gashyantare 2005

Coordinates: 2°36′S 29°45′E﻿ / ﻿2.6°S 29.75°E﻿ / -2.6; 29.75
Sarajevo

Umujyi wa **Sarajevo** (izina mu kinyaseribiya: *Сарајево*) n’umurwa mukuru wa Bosiniya na Herizegovina.
Tbilisi

Umujyi wa **Tbilisi** (izina mu kinyageworigiya: *თბილისი*) n’umurwa mukuru wa Geworigiya.
Kyiv

Umujyi wa **Kyiv** cyangwa **Kiev** (izina mu kinya-ikerene: *Київ*; izina mu kirusiya: *Киев*) n’umurwa mukuru w'Ikerene.
Jimmie Johnson

**Jimmie Kenneth Johnson** (wavukiye El Cajon, muri Californiya, ku ya 17 Nzeri 1975) ni umunyamerika wabigize umwuga.

Johnson yakinnye mu gikombe cya NASCAR kuva muri 2002 kugeza 2020 hamwe n'ikipe ya Hendrick Motorsports. Muri uru ruhererekane yatsindiye ibikombe birindwi: 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2013 na 2016 kandi angana na Richard Petty na Dale Earnhardt.

Kuva mu 2021 Johnson yimukiye muri IndyCar kugirango yinjire mu ikipe ya Chip Ganassi Racing.

## Reba


## Ihuza ryo hanze

*Urubuga rwemewe
Donald Trump

**Donald Trump** cyangwa **Donald John Trump** (14 Kamena 1946 – ), Perezida wa 45 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.

## Ubuzima bwambere n'uburezi
Adamu na Eva.

**Adamu na Eva**, dukurikije imigani y'iremwa ry'amadini ya Aburahamu (Abrahamic religions), Adamu niwe mugabo wa mbere wabayeho nyuma yaho isi yarimaze kuremwe Eva nawe akaba umugore wa mbere wabayeho nyuma yaho isi yarimaze kuremwe. Aba nibo shingiro ry’imyizerere rivuga ko ikiremwamuntu ari umuryango umwe, kandi ko abantu bose bakomoka ku basekuruza ba mbere. Uyu mugani kandi n'urufatiro rw'inyigisho zo kugwa k'umuntu n'icyaha cy'umwimerere kiri mu myizerere y'ingenzi mu bukristu, nubwo idakorerwa mu idini rya Kiyahudi (Judaism) cyangwa Islamu (Islam).

Mu gitabo cy'Itangiriro cya Bibiliya y'Igiheburayo, igice cya mbere kugeza ku cya gatanu, hariho inkuru ebyiri zaremwe zifite ibitekerezo bibiri bitandukanye. Mubwa mbere, Adamu na Eva ntamazina bigeze bahabwa. Ahubwo, Imana yaremye abantu mwishusho yImana kandi ibategeka kugwira no kuba ibisonga mubindi byose Imana yaremye. Mu nkuru ya kabiri, Imana yaremye Adamu m'umukungugu imushyira mu busitani bwa Edeni. Adamu abwirwa ko ashobora kurya ku buntu ibiti byose byo mu busitani, usibye igiti cyo kumenya icyiza n'ikibi. Nyuma, Eva yaremewe kuva mu rubavu rwa Adamu kugirango amubere inshuti. Bari abera kandi ntibaterwaga isoni no kwambara ubusa kwabo. Ariko, inzoka iyobya Eva kurya imbuto ziva ku giti cyabujijwe, maze aha Adamu imbuto zimwe. Ibi bikorwa bibaha ubumenyi bwinyongera, ariko bibaha ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibitekerezo bibi kandi byangiza nk'isoni n'ibibi. Nyuma Imana yavumye inzoka n'ubutaka. Imana ihanura ibwira umugore n'umugabo ingaruka zizaba z'icyaha cyo kutumvira Imana. Hanyuma abirukana mu busitani bwa Edeni.

Umugani wakozweho ibisobanuro byinshi mu migenzo ya Aburahamu nyuma, kandi wasesenguwe cyane n'intiti za Bibiliya zigezweho. Ibisobanuro n'imyizerere yerekeye Adamu na Eva n'inkuru ibazengurutse biratandukanye mu madini n'amatsinda; nk'urugero, inyandiko ya kisilamu y'inkuru ivuga ko Adamu na Eva bari bafite uruhare runini kubwibyaha byabo bya hubris, aho Eva ariwe wambere wabaye umuhemu. Inkuru ya Adamu na Eva ikunze kugaragazwa mubuhanzi, kandi yagize uruhare runini mubuvanganzo no mubisigo.

Inkuru yo kugwa kwa Adamu ikunze gufatwa nkikigereranyo. Ibyavuye mu miterere y’abaturage, cyane cyane ibyerekeye Y-chromosomal Adam na Eva Mitochondrial, byerekana ko abantu ba mbere "Adamu na Eva" babantu batigeze babaho.

## Indanganturo (Reference)
Icyaha cy'umwimerere

Icyaha cy'inkomoko ni inyigisho ya gikristo ivuga ko abantu baragwa na kamere yanduye kandi ko bashobora gukora icyaha binyuze mu kuvuka. Abahanga mu bya tewolojiya baranze iyi miterere mu buryo bwinshi, babona ko itangirira ku kintu kidafite akamaro nko kubura gake, cyangwa kugendera ku cyaha nyamara nta cyaha rusange, cyitwa "kamere y'icyaha", ku busambanyi cyangwa icyaha cyikora ku bantu bose; binyuze mu cyaha rusange. Agusitini (354–430) yabanje gushiraho inyigisho y'icyaha cy'umwimerere. Tertullien (nko mu 155 - nko mu 240), Sipiriyani, Ambrose na Ambrosiaster batekerezaga ko ikiremwamuntu kigira uruhare mu byaha bya Adamu, cyandujwe n'abantu. Augustin yavuze ko umudendezo wacogoye ariko ntusenywe nicyaha cyambere. Kuba Augustin yarakoze icyaha cy'umwimerere byari bizwi cyane mu bavugurura abaporotesitanti, nka Martin Luther na John Calvin, bagereranyaga icyaha cy'umwimerere no guhuzagurika (cyangwa "icyifuzo kibabaza"), bakemeza ko byakomeje na nyuma yo kubatizwa kandi bisenya burundu umudendezo wo gukora ibyiza maze basaba ko icyaha cy'umwimerere cyarimo gutakaza umudendezo uretse icyaha. Calvinism ya none ya Augustin ifite iki gitekerezo. 

Umuryango wa Jansenistewo muri Kiliziya Gatolika watangaje ko ari ibinyoma kuva mu 1653, nawo wakomeje kuvuga ko icyaha cy'umwimerere cyangije umudendezo wo gushaka. Ahubwo Kiliziya Gatolika igatangaza "Umubatizo, mu gutanga ubuzima bw'ubuntu bwa Kristo, uhanagura icyaha cy'umwimerere kandi ugahindura umuntu ku Mana, ariko ingaruka zatewe na kamere, zacitse intege kandi zikunda ibibi, ziguma mu muntu kandi zimuhamagarira ku rugamba rwo mu mwuka."  "Intege nke no kugabanuka kugwa kwa Adamu, umudendezo wo kwihitiramo nturasenywa mu isiganwa."