Inkomoko n'akamaro ka Poroteyine

Poroteyine ni itsinda ry’ibinyabutabire biboneka muri buri karemangingo k’umubiri wacu. Ziboneka mu buryo bwinshi bunyuranye, zimwe ziboneka nka enzymes, izindi ziboneka nk’imisemburo, izindi ziboneka nk’ibirinda umubiri mikorobi. 

Iri jambo poroteyine rikomoka ku kigereki bikaba bivuze *primo*, cyangwa icy’ibanze, mbese igifite umwanya wa mbere, akamaro ka mbere. Bivuze ko ari intungamubiri za ngombwa tutagomba kubura mu buzima bwacu bwa buri munsi.

## Inkomoko
Nkuko ibyo umubiri wacu ukenera biva mu byo turya ni kimwe no kuri poroteyine. Nazo umubiri wacu uzinjiza binyuze mu byo turya. Nkuko ibyo turya biri mu byiciro 2 by’ingenzi, hose zirahaboneka.

Mu bikomoka ku bimera aho ziboneka cyane ni mu bunyobwa, soya na tofu, ibintu biribwa ari utubuto (sezame, ibihwagari,…), imboga rwatsi n’ibishyimbo.

Mu bikomoka ku matungo ziboneka mu mata, amagi, inyama y’iroti, inkoko hamwe n’amafi.

## Amako ya Poroteyine

Zirimo amoko atatu y’ingenzi. (Murihangana kuko twabuze Ikinyarwanda cyiza twashyiramo aya mazina)

# **Globular proteins:** izi ni izikorera mu mubiri wacu ahari amazi zikaba zikora nka enzymes cyangwa ibirinda umubiri mikorobi.
# **Membrane proteins:** izi zo zikorera mu turemangingo fatizo imbere maze akamaro kazo kakaba ako gutwara amakuru no gukwirakwiza ibikenewe.
# **Fibrous proteins:** Izi zo zisangwa mu misaya, amagufa, mu nzara, uruhu n’umusatsi.

## '''Ingano'''
Kuko zigizwe n’ibyitwa *amino acids*, ubwinshi bwa amino acids nibwo bwerekana agaciro ka poroteyine. Rero muri soya no mu bikomoka ku matungo niho honyine dusanga izihagije. Bivuze ko uriye ibiva kuri soya atari ngombwa kurya ibiva ku nyama kuko bifite poroteyine zihagije. Gusa ibindi bimera ntibigira izihagije niyo mpamvu bisaba kuvangavanga amafunguro kugirango ubashe kubona izuzuye.

## Akamaro kayo k'ubuzima

### '''1. Ku mikaya'''

Zigira akamaro gakomeye mu mikorere y’imikaya. Haba mu kwikanya no kwirekura, ndetse n’uburyo imikaya ikorana hagati yayo ndetse uko imikaya iteye, zibigiramo uruhare. Gusa bitewe n’akazi dukora, imyaka dufite, ubwinshi bwa poroteyine burahinduka; umuntu ukora siporo yo guterura ibyuma cg akandi kazi gakoresha imikaya cyane azakenera nyinshi kurenza uri mu izabukuru cg uhora yicaye.

### '''2. Ubudahangarwa'''
Zirakenerwa kugirango umubiri ugire ubudahangarwa bwuzuye. Umubiri ukora byinshi mu kwirinda indwara ukoresheje abasirikare bawo. Abo basirikare ni poroteyine kabuhariwe zagenewe kumenya ko hari icyinjiye mu mubiri kidakenewe. Nuko hagahita hoherezwa abasirikare bo kuza kukirwanya.

### '''3. Ihererekanyamakuru'''
Ibi bikorerwa mu rwungano rw’imyakura aho umubiri ugira uko witwara bitewe n’amakuru wakiriye. Niba ukandagiye igishirira ugahita ushibura ukuguru, hari poroteyine zabugenewe ziba zibigizemo uruhare mu guhuza imikorere y’ubwonko bwawe n’ibikubayeho n’uko ubyitwaramo.

### '''4. Kuringaniza amatembabuzi'''
Mu mubiri wacu habamo amatembabuzi anyuranye akaba kandi aba ahantu hanyuranye. Uko ugira nyinshi zihagije mu turemangingo twawe nibyo bizatuma tubika cyangwa tubura amazi ahagije muri two. Kugabanuka kwazo mu mubiri bituma pH ihinduka ndetse bikaba bigira ingaruka yo kuba warwara kubyimbagana bitewe nuko amazi yabaye menshi akajya mu nyama z’umubiri wawe.

### '''5. Isoko y’ingufu'''
Zishobora kuba isoko y’ingufu mu mubiri. Mu gihe ushonje cyane cyangwa uri kurya ibidatera ingufu (nk’igihe wiyirije cyangwa uri kurya ibituma utakaza ibiro) umubiri wawe nizo ukoresha zigahindukamo amino acids nazo zigakurwamo ingufu zo gukoresha.

### '''6. Umusatsi mwiza'''
Zituma ugira umusatsi ukomeye kandi zikawurinda kwangirika. Niyo mpamvu ubu mu mavuta amwe n’amwe yo mu musatsi ubona zongerwamo.

### '''7. Imisemburo na enzymes'''
Enzymes twagereranya na accélérateur, ni poroteyine zagenewe kwihutisha ibikorerwa mu mubiri wacu, nko gushwanyaguza ibyo twariye hakurwamo intungamubiri, kimwe no kwihutisha isanwa ry’ahangiritse mu mubiri nko mu gihe wakomeretse. Iyo bitagenda neza biba byerekana ko umubiri ufite enzymes nkeya. Naho imisemburo imwe nka insuline, umusemburo wo gukura na glucagon, yose ni za poroteyine zigizwe na amino acids kandi iyi misemburo ni ingenzi mu mikorere y’umubiri.

### '''8. Ubwikorezi'''
Akandi kazi gakomeye zikora ni ugutwara no guhunika intungamubiri zinyuranye mu turemangingo. Nk’urugero itwarwa ry’umwuka mwiza wa oxygen ugezwa ku nsoro zitukura bikorwa na poroteyine izwi nka hemoglobin. Indi izwi nka ferritin izwiho kubika ubutare mu maraso no mu mwijima.

### '''9. Uruhu ruzima'''
Umubiri wacu ufite poroteyine izwi nka collagen. Iyi ituma uruhu rwacu ruhorana itoto, rugahora rwisana haba mu gihe rwangijwe n’imirasire mibi y’izuba, cyangwa no mu gihe wakoze ibituma rukanyarara. Iyi collagen niyo iturinda iminkanyari, bivuzeko ubwinshi bwayo butuma uruhu rugira itoto kurenza ufite collagen nkeya.

### '''10. Gusana'''
Kuvugurura uturemangingo dushaje kimwe no gusimbuza utwangiritse cyangwa twapfuye nibyo bituma tugira umubiri muzima. Umubiri rero ukeneye buri munsi poroteyine zo gutuma hahora hakorwa inzara, imisatsi n’uruhu. Kuba wiyogoshesha umusatsi ukongera ukamera, waca urwara rukongera kumera, wakomereka uruhu rukazasubiraho byose biterwa nuko hari izo ufite zagenewe gusana.

### '''11. Gufasha imikorere yo mu ngingo'''
Nkuko twabivuze hari poroteyine yitwa collagen, inazwiho gufasha amagufa kugira ubuzima no gukomera. Ku bantu bakora siporo yo kwiruka, kimwe n’abakoresha ingufu cyane, irinda mu ngingo kwangirika ndetse igatuma hahora amavuta ku buryo uko igufa ryikuba ku rindi (nko mu ivi cyangwa urushyi rw’ukuboko) nta gukomereka kwabaho. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko ifasha mu kuvura indwara zifata mu ngingo hakabyimbirwa nka goûte na rubagimpande.

## Ibyo kwitondera

# Poroteyine ntabwo yibika mu mubiri ahubwo buri munsi iba ikenewe. Niyo mpamvu ugomba byibuze kurya kimwe mu byo ibonekamo buri munsi. Iyo ibaye nke mu mubiri ingaruka harimo kubyimbagana, iminkanyari ku ruhu, ikizungera n’ibindi. Ndetse burya bwaki iri mu ndwara ziterwa no kuba nkeya mu mubiri.
# Ku bantu bifuza gutakaza ibiro bajya babwirwa kurya ibirimo poroteyine. Gusa iyo ubirya ntufate ibitera imbaraga, umubiri wawe nizo ukoresha zigahindurwamo ibinure aho kunanuka ukarushaho kubyibuha. Niyo mpamvu usabwa gukurikiza neza ibyo wabwiwe gukora.
# Kurya ibikungahaye kuri poroteyine cyane kenshi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y’umutima. Bishobora no gutera goûte bikanatera umwijima gukora nabi. Niyo mpamvu atari byiza kuvanga izituruka ku bimera no ku matungo.
# Iyo ziri gushwanyaguzwa havamo umunyu wa ammonia nawo ugahinduka urea, iyi ikaba isohoka mu nkari. Poroteyine nyinshi cyane mu mubiri zituma impyiko zinanirwa kuko zikora akazi kenshi bitewe na urea yiyongereye. Rero kurya ibiva ku matungo buri munsi si byiza.
# Ku bantu bakora siporo cyane cyane zo guterura bajya bakoresha ibinini bya poroteyine cyangwa bakitera inshinge kugirango bagire pinya. Nyamara ibi ni ukwiyangiriza ubuzima kuko uko ukora siporo umubiri ubwawo umenya ahakeneye nyinshi zikajyayo.

## Reba