Kaminuza ya Oxford

**Kaminuza ya Oxford** ni kaminuza y’ubushakashatsi muriOxford, mu Bwongereza. Hariho ibimenyetso byerekana ko bigisha kuva mu 1096,  ikaba kaminuza ya kera cyane ku isi ivuga icyongereza na kaminuza ya kabiri ku isi mu bikorwa bikomeje .   Yakuze vuba kuva 1167 igihe Henry II yabuzaga abanyeshuri b'icyongereza kujya muri kaminuza ya Paris .  Nyuma y’amakimbirane hagati y’abanyeshuri n’umujyi wa Oxford mu 1209, abize bamwe bahungiye mu majyaruguru y’iburasirazuba berekeza muri Cambridge aho bashinze icyahindutse kaminuza ya Cambridge .  Kaminuza ebyiri zo mu Bwongereza za kera zisangiye ibintu byinshi zisanzwe kandi zitwa *[[:en:Oxbridge|Oxbridge]]* . Oxford iri muri kaminuza zizwi cyane ku isi. 

Iyi kaminuza igizwe na kaminuza mirongo itatu n'icyenda yigenga yigenga, ibyumba bitandatu byigenga bihoraho, hamwe n’amashami atandukanye y’amasomo ateguwe mu bice bine.  Amashuri makuru yose ni ibigo byigenga muri kaminuza, buriwese ugenzura abanyamuryango bayo hamwe nimiterere yimbere nibikorwa. Abanyeshuri bose ni abanyamuryango ba kaminuza.  Ntabwo ifite ikigo gikuru, kandi inyubako n'ibikoresho byanyanyagiye mu mujyi rwagati. Amashuri yisumbuye muri Oxford agizwe ninyigisho, inyigisho -matsinda mato muri za kaminuza na salle, amahugurwa, akazi ka laboratoire ndetse rimwe na rimwe andi masomo yatanzwe n'amashami n'amashami ya kaminuza nkuru. Icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza gitangwa ahanini hagati. 

Oxford ikora inzu ndangamurage ya kera cyane ku isi, hamwe n’ibinyamakuru binini bya kaminuza ku isi  hamwe na sisitemu nini y’ibitabo by’amasomo mu gihugu hose.  Mu mwaka w'ingengo y'imari urangira ku ya 31 Nyakanga 2019, kaminuza yinjije amafaranga angana na 45 2.45miliyari, muri zo 624.8miliyoni yavuye mu nkunga y'ubushakashatsi n'amasezerano. 

Oxford yigishije abanyeshuri benshi bazwi cyane, barimo ba minisitiri w’intebe 29 w’Ubwongereza ndetse n’abakuru b’ibihugu na guverinoma benshi ku isi.  Kugeza mu Kwakira 2020, abatsindiye igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel 72, Abamidari 4 ba Fields, hamwe n’abatsindiye ibihembo 6 bya Turing Award barize, barakora, cyangwa bakoze ubusabane bwo gusura muri kaminuza ya Oxford, mu gihe abayirangije batsindiye imidari 160 ya Olempike . Oxford ni inzu ya bourse nyinshi, harimo na Rhodes Scholarship, imwe muri gahunda za kera za bourse mpuzamahanga. 

## Amateka
Itariki yo gushinga kaminuza ya Oxford ntiramenyekana.  Birazwi ko kwigisha muri Oxford byabayeho muburyo bumwe nko mu 1096, ariko ntibisobanutse igihe kaminuza yatangiriye.  Intiti Theobald wo muri Étampes yigishije Oxford mu ntangiriro ya 1100s. 

Yakuze vuba kuva 1167 igihe abanyeshuri b'icyongereza bagarukaga muri kaminuza ya Paris .  Umuhanga mu by'amateka Gerald wo muri Wales yigishije intiti nk'izo mu 1188, maze intiti ya mbere izwi cyane mu mahanga, Emo wa Friesland, igera mu 1190. Umuyobozi wa kaminuza yari afite izina rya chancellor kuva byibura 1201, kandi ba shebuja bamenyekanye nka *Universitas* cyangwa isosiyete mu 1231.   Iyi kaminuza yahawe amasezerano ya cyami mu 1248 ku ngoma y'Umwami Henry III . 

Nyuma y’amakimbirane hagati y’abanyeshuri n’umujyi wa Oxford mu 1209, abize bamwe bahunze urugomo bajya i Cambridge, nyuma bashinga kaminuza ya Cambridge . 

## Indanganturo