Ubusitani bwa Keyhole

**Ubusitani bw'urufunguzo** bufite ubuso bwa metero ebyiri z'ubugari zizengurutswe n'ubusitani bufite ishusho imeze nk'urufunguzo. kwaguka kwayo bituma abarimyi bongeramo ibisigazwa byimboga bidatetse, n'ifumbire mu duseke tw'ifumbire tuba turi hagati mu murima. Muri ubu buryo, ifumbire mvaruganda ishobora kongerwaho mu giseke mu gihe cyo guhinga kugirango itange intungamubiri kubihingwa. Igice cyo hejuru cy'ubutaka cyegeranijwe hejuru yigitebo cyo hagati kugirango ubutaka bugabanuke buhoro buhoro kuva hagati kugera kumpande. Ubusitani bwinshi bwibanze buzamuka nko muri metero imwe hejuru y'ubutaka kandi bufite inkuta zikozwe mu mabuye. Urukuta rw'amabuye ntiruha ubusitani gusa, ahubwo rufasha nk'umuzenguruko w'umutego w'umurima. Ubusitani bwa Keyhole bwatangiriye muri Lesotho kandi buhujwe neza nubutaka bwumutse n'ubutayu. Muri Afurika, bashyizwe hafi y'igikoni kandi bagakoreshwa mu kuzamura icyatsi kibabi nka salitusi, kale, na epinari; ibyatsi; n'ibihingwa by'imizi nk'igitunguru, tungurusumu, karoti, na beterave. Ubusitani bwa Keyhole ni byiza guhingwa cyane, tekinike ibimera bishyirwa hamwe kugirango umusaruro wiyongere. Ibimera bifite sisitemu yagutse cyane nkinyanya na zucchini ntibishobora gukora neza mumurima wurufunguzo.

Ubusitani bw'urufunguzo bwatejwe imbere muri Lesotho n'itsiinda rishinzwe umutekano w’ibiribwa muri Afurika yepfo (C-SAFE), bushingiye ku gishushanyo gikomoka muri CARE mu gihugu cya Zimbabwe. Mu myaka ya za 1990 hagati, Lesotho yari kimwe mu bihugu bifite umubare munini wabanduye SIDA ku isi. C-SAFE yateguye ubusitani bwurufunguzo kubantu barwaye sida cyangwa abandi bataribashoboye kwita cyangwa gutegura ubusitani gakondo busanzwe. Ni burebure bihagije ku buryo abantu batagomba kunama mu gihe barimo kubukorera, burakomeye bihagije kuburyo umuntu ufite intege nke ashobora kubwishingikiriza cyangwa ku bwegamaho mu gihe arimo kuhakora, kandi ni hatoya kuburyo bwose umuntu yabugezaho ikiganza. Ubusitani bwubatswe hifashishijwe ifumbire mvaruganda, ifumbire y'imborera, ivu ryibiti nibindi bikoresho bikungahaye ku ntungamubiri ku buryo bitanga umusaruro kuruta ubusitani bwinshi bwo murugo; bafashe amazi bayayoborayo bigatuma amapfa adashobora kubuhangara. Inkuta zishobora gukorwa mu mabuye asanzwe yatoraguwe mu murima, kuri bariyeri, amatafari, cyangwa ibikoresho byose bikomeye ku buryo byafatwa mu butaka. Amazi meza akoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuvomera ibihingwa hejuru, mu gihe amazi yo mu rugo asukwa mu miseke y'ifumbire.

Mu gihe ubu busitani bwagenewe abantu bari barembye cyane ku buryo batashoborga kwitunganyiriza ubusitani gakondo, kubera ko bwatangaga umusaruro ukwiriye, abantu bafite ubuzima bwiza batangiye kubaka nk'uturima tw'igikoni. Hano umuryango ushobora guhinga ibihingwa bifite agaciro kanini ukoresheje gutera ingemwe. Mu kurangiza, C-SAFE yafashije kubaka ubusitani bw’ibanze burenga 20.000, kandi ubwo bagarukaga nyuma yimyaka ibiri, abarenga 90% baracyabukoresha uyu munsi, ubusitani bw’imfunguzo buboneka ahantu henshi muri Afurika, harimo Etiyopiya, u Rwanda, Kenya, Sudani, na Nijeriya. 

Ubusitani bukozwe mu buryo bwa Afurika bwubatswe mu mujyi wa Texas n'ahandi hatandukanye muri Amerika. Ishyirahamwe rya Texas *Master Gardeners Association* ryashyizeho amahugurwa menshi yo kubateza imbere. Bahinduye igishushanyo mbonera, bagendeye ku bipimo shingiro aho umurima wa metero 6 z'ubugari hamwe n'umuyoboro wa santimetero 12 bikozwe mu ruzitiro rw'urukwavu cyangwa insinga z'inkoko ku gitebo cy'ifumbire. Birasanzwe muri Texas kongeramo inyo zitukura zo mu bwoko bwa wiggler mu gitebo nazo zigashyirwa mu gitebo cy'ifumbire mvaruganda kugirango ifashe kumena ibintu kama.  Inyito y'ubusitani bwa keyhole" ni nayo ikoreshwa mu buhinzi bwimbuto kugirango dusobanure uburiri bwubusitani bwashyizwemo inzira imwe cyangwa nyinshi aho gukomeza, kugirango hagabanuke ubuso bwinzira.   Ubusitani bwa permaculture ubusitani bukunda kuba bwagutse kandi bushimishije kuruta ubwoko bwa Afrika kandi ntibusanzwe burimo agaseke k'ifumbire cyangwa ikirundo cy'ifumbire yubatswe muburiri. Ibitanda birebire birimo ifumbire mvaruganda byitwa "uruziga rw'igitoki" n'abashinzwe ubuhinzi.

## Reba