Ishyirahamwe ry’abatumva bo mu Bwongereza

**Ishyirahamwe ry’Abatavuga n’Abatumva mu Bwongereza (BDA)** ni umuryango w’ubugiraneza uyoborwa n’abatavuga n’abatumva ubwabo, ukaba urwanya akarengane kandi uvuganira abantu batumva bakoresha ururimi rw’amarenga rwo mu Bwongereza .

## Amateka
Iri shyirahamwe ryabanjeho ryari Ishyirahamwe ry’Igihugu ry’Abatavuga n’Abatumva (National Association for the Deaf and Dumb, NADD), ryashinzwe n’abantu batumva mu mwaka wa 1886. Ishyirwaho rya NADD ryaturutse ku kibazo cy’uko habonekaga ibimenyetso by’ihungabanywa ry’uburenganzira bw’abatavuga n’abatumva ku bijyanye n’ururimi no ku burezi, byatewe n’ibyemezo byafashwe mu nama yabereye i Milan mu mwaka wa 1880. Iyo nama mpuzamahanga, aho abenshi mu bitabiriye bari abarimu bigishaga abana batumva uburyo bwo kumva, yafashe umwanzuro wo guhagarika ikoreshwa ry’indimi z’amaboko ku isi yose. Nyuma y’iyo nama, abitabiriye basubiye mu bihugu byabo bafite intego yo guca burundu ikoreshwa ry’abarimu batumva ndetse n’ikoreshwa ry’ururimi rw’amaboko mu mashuri. Banashakaga kandi gukomeza kugabanya ubwinshi bw’abanyeshuri mu ishuri, kugira ngo abarimu bumva babashe kubagenzura neza.

Komisiyo y’umwami ishinzwe uburezi bw’abana bafite ubumuga bwo kutumva yatangijwe mu mwaka wa 1889 ariko ntiyabasha kugisha inama abatumva kandi ishyigikira ishyirwaho ry’imvugo itanduye bityo guhagarika ururimi rw’amarenga; mu gusubiza ikinyamakuru *Deaf Mute* yashishikarije abatumva kwishyira hamwe kurengera inyungu zabo bwite. 

Mu 1889, NADD yaretse kubaho bityo abagabo bane batumva, barimo Francis Maginn na George Healey, bategura inama muri Mutarama 1890 ku rusengero rwitiriwe Mutagatifu Saviour rw’abatumva, Umuhanda wa Oxford, London, ku buryo bise "Inama y’Igihugu y’Imiryango n’Ubukangurambaga by’Abakuze Batavuga n’Abatumva". Iyi nama yasuzumye ishingwa ry’umuryango w’igihugu kugira ngo "uzamure uburezi n’imibereho y’abatumva n’ibiragi mu Bwongereza" bituma havuka ishyirahamwe ry’abatumva n’ibiragi ry’Abongereza (BDDA) i Leeds ku ya 1890. Mu mwaka wa 1971, BDDA yakuyemo ijambo “Dumb” mu izina ryayo. Ntibyageze mu myaka ya 1970 ari bwo amashuri yatangiye kongera gusuzuma no kwakira ikoreshwa ry’ururimi rw’amaboko.

Kuza kw'ururimi rw'amarenga no kwemerwa na rubanda rusanzwe byatumye abayobozi b'ibipfamatwi bagaruka ku mwanya wa mbere guhera kuri Jock Young nk'intebe ya mbere y'abatumva mu 1983, kandi hagati mu myaka ya za 90, umuyobozi mukuru wa mbere w'abatumva, Jeff McWhinney .

Mu myaka ya za 90 BDA yabaye umuryango uyobowe n’abatumva kandi ubukangurambaga bwo kumenyekanisha ururimi rw amarenga nabwo kugeza ubu intego nyamukuru yibikorwa byabo. Intebe ni Dr. Robert Adam.  Intebe zabanjirije iyi zirimo nyakwigendera Terry Riley, umwanditsi wa gahunda ya BBC ' *Reba Umva* . &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Intebe
Jock Young (1983-) 

Murray Holmes 

## Amasezerano
Mu mwaka wa 2003, BDA yasohoye inyandiko isobanura intambwe zitandukanye serivisi z’abaturage zigomba gufata kugira ngo zorohereze abantu batumva n’abakoresha Ururimi rw’Amaboko rw’Abongereza (BSL), iyo nyandiko bayise ‘BSL Charter’.

Mu mwaka wa 2017, BDA yasohoye verisiyo ivuguruye y’iyo nyandiko, bayita Charter for British Sign Language. 

### Imikono
Umuyobozi w'i Londere, Sadiq Khan, yashyize umukono  masezerano mu Gushyingo 2023.

## Reba kandi

* Doug Alker
* Terry Riley
* Arthur Verney
* Jock Young

## Reba

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Urubuga rwemewe
* Shyira umukono ku baturage
*