open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Inkunga u Rwanda ruhabwa mu kubungabunga Ibidukikije

Minisitiri w’Ibidukikije mu Budage, Steffi Lemke, yishimiye uburyo inkunga batera u Rwanda ikoreshwa neza mu kubungabunga ibidukikije no kongera amashyamba mu bice bikunze kurangwamo izuba ryinshi.

Ibi yabigarutseho nyuma y’uruzinduko rw’iminsi ibiri yagiriye mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba mu turere twa Kirehe na Gatsibo nka tumwe mu tubarizwamo ibikorwa Minisiteri ayoboye iteramo inkunga u Rwanda mu kubungabunga ibidukikije.

## Imishinga iteganyijwe

Mu Karere ka Kirehe imishinga yatewe inkunga n’iki gihugu ishyirwa mu bikorwa na AREECA, aho yafashije abaturage mu gutera ibiti ku misozi, gutera ibiti bivangwa n’imyaka n’iby’imbuto ndetse no gutanga imbabura za cana rumwe zifasha abaturage gucana inkwi nke.

Umushinga wa AREECA kuri ubu umaze gutera amashyamba kuri hegitari 121.65 n’ibiti bivangwa n’imyaka kuri hegitari 500, mu gihe mu myaka ibiri iri imbere hazaterwa amashyamba ku zindi hegitari 1,378.35.

Uyu mushinga kandi uzatanga ibiti by’imbuto ku miryango 1500 ndetse unatere ibiti bivangwa n’imyaka kuri hegitari 500.

Hazaterwa ibiti ku nkengero z’imihanda kuri kilometero 20, habungwabungwe inkengero z’igishanga cy’umugezi w’Akagera kuri kilomerero 20, hanatangwe imbabura zirondereza ibicanwa ku miryango 500.

Muri Gatsibo Ambasaderi ushinzwe ibidukikije mu Budage yasuye imishinga yo gutera ibiti mu bice bitandukanye by’aka Karere aho hari n’iyarangiye mu myaka mike ishize yaterwaga inkunga n’iki gihugu.

Bamwe mu baturage bagaragaje ko ibiti byatewe byabafashije kurinda ubutaka bwabo guhinduka ubutayu.

## Ibindi
Minisitiri Steffi Lemke, yavuze ko ari mu ruzinduko rwo kugira ngo arebe inkunga batera u Rwanda niba ikoreshwa neza mu kubungabunga ibidukikije.

Ati “Kuza hano rero nagira ngo ndebe n’amaso yanjye uko ibidukikije bifatwa neza, nabonye bitangaje ukuntu amashyamba yagiye aterwa nishimiye kuza hano.”

Yavuze ko yashimishijwe n’uburyo amafaranga igihugu cye gitanga yakoreshejwe neza akazana impinduka mu bijyanye n’ibidukikije.

Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Agateganyo w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Amashyamba, Nshimiyimana Spridio, yavuze ko hari imishinga myinshi bafite mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba yo gutera ibiti ku buryo iyi Ntara itazongera kugira ikibazo cyo kubura ibiti.

Yavuze ko Leta y’u Rwanda ifatanyije n’abafatanyabikorwa batandukanye bari gutera ibiti byinshi muri iyi Ntara mu rwego rwo guhangana n’izuba ryinshi ryakunze kuharangwa.

Kuri ubu ubuso buteyeho amashyamba mu Rwanda ni 30,4% ikaba ari intego u Rwanda rwari rwarihaye mu myaka ishize ko nibura 30% y’ubuso bw’igihugu cyose bugomba kuba buteyeho amashyamba.

Kuri ubu nubwo iyo ntego yagezweho haracyaterwa ibiti byinshi mu bice bitandukanye by’igihugu hagamijwe kongera amashyamba ndetse no kongera ibiti by’imbuto kuri buri rugo.

## Reba
Abaturage barasaba Leta kubafasha guhangana n'imiswa

Abaturage bo mu Karere ka Kirehe bagaragaje ko imiswa ari kimwe mu bituma hatarangwa ibiti byinshi, bagaragaza ko imwe mu miti iri ku isoko ntacyo iyikoraho ahubwo ikomeza kurya ibiti baba bateye ku bwinshi.

Kuri uyu wa Gatanu Minisitiri w’Ibidukikije mu Budage Steffi Lemke, yasuye aka karere nka kamwe mu tubarizwamo imishinga iki gihugu giteramo inkunga Leta y’u Rwanda, igashyirwa mu bikorwa na AREECA.

## Ingorane
Akarere ka Kirehe kuri ubu gafite amashyamba angana na 17% Leta ikunze kujyanayo gahunda nyinshi zijyanye no gutera ibiti kugira ngo bifashe aka karere kuko byagaragaye ko nta biti byinshi bihari.

Bamwe mu baturage bishimira izi gahunda zigamije kongera ibiti muri aka Karere ariko bakagaragaza ko umuswa uri mu bibazengereje cyane.

Munyabuhoro Noel utuye mu Kagari ka Bukora mu Murenge wa Nyamugari, yavuze ko kimwe mu bituma aka karere katarangwamo ibiti byinshi ndetse n’ibiterwa ngo impamvu bidakura harimo izuba ryinshi rikunze kuhava ndetse n’imiswa ikunze kubirya bikiri bito.

Nkuranga Faustin wari wateye ibiti mu gice cya hegitari we yasabye Leta guha umwihariko ikibazo cy’umuswa bagashakirwa umuti ngo kuko ari ikibazo gikomeje gutuma i Kirehe hatabarizwa amashyamba.

## Ingamba
Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Kirehe, Rangira Bruno, avuga ko kuri ubu bahinduye umuvuno mu gutera ibiti kuko kuri ubu ibyo bari gutera ari ubwoko bukunze guhangana n’imiswa ndetse bikanashobora gukura vuba.

Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Agateganyo w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Amashyamba, Nshimiyimana Spridio yavuze ko umuswa ari kimwe mu byonnyi bafite mu mashyamba yo mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba ndetse no mu gice cy’Amayaga.

Yavuze ko iki kibazo gishobora gukemurwa no gutera ibiti byihanganira cyane imiswa birimo ibiti bivangwa n’imyaka n’ibindi bitandukanye, asaba abaturage kujya basenya imigina kugeza bakuyemo umwami.

Uyu muyobozi yavuze ko indi nama yagira abaturage ari ugukoresha imiti gakondo irimo nk’urusenda, ivu mu kwirukana imiswa, yavuze ko bari kongera imbaraga mu gukoresha ubu buryo bwa gakondo ngo kuko hari ubushobora gukora bugafasha abaturage batarindiriye kugura imiti ibatwara amafaranga menshi.

## Reba
Ibikorwa 1500 bishobora guhanirwa gukoresha amazi nta ruhushya

Ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi birenga 1500 bishobora guhabwa ibihano birimo n’igifungo kuri ba nyirabyo kubera gukoresha amazi nta ruhushya bibifitiye.

Umuyobozi w’Ishami rishinzwe Impushya zo Gukoresha Amazi mu Kigo gishinzwe Umutungo Kamere w’Amazi mu Rwanda (RWB) Munyandinda Vital, yabwiye The New Times ko umutungo kamere w’amazi ukwiye gukoreshwa neza ku bw’inyungu z’abariho ubu n’abo mu gihe kizaza.

Ati “Kuri ubu dufite nibura abakoresha amazi banini 2200. Kugeza ubu hari 696 babifitiye impushya.”

## Igihano
Munyandinda avuga ko itegeko ryo mu 2018 rigenga ikoreshwa ry’amazi mu ngingo ya 36 riteganya ko ‘buri wese ukoresha cyangwa ukora igikorwa cyerekeye amazi atabifitiye uruhushyarwo kuyakoresha uko bikwiye aba akoze icyaha’.

Iki cyaha gihanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’amezi abiri ariko kitarenze amezi atatu n’ihazabu y’ibihumbi 500 Frw cyangwa kimwe muri ibi bihano.

## Ingaruka

Munyandinda avuga ko iyo igikorwa cy’ubucuruzi gikoresha amazi ariko nta ruhushya kibifitiye kiba kitazwi mu biyagenerwa ndetse ntikinashyirwe mu igenamigambi, ibi bishobora gutuma kiyabura cyangwa kikabangamira abandi bayakeneye.

Yavuze ko bifuza kumenya uko amazi akoreshwa, abayakoresha n’aho baherereye kugira ngo byorohe kumenya ingano y’akoreshwa.

Munyandinda yasobanuye ko nko kuhira ahantu harenze hegitari imwe ari urugero rumwe rw’igikorwa gikeneye gusaba uruhushya rwo gukoresha amazi.

Kubaka igikorwaremezo ku mugezi, ikiyaga cyangwa idamu, icyuzi cy’amafi, aho kurongera ikawa, inganda zikoresha amazi, ingomero z’amashanyarazi, ibigo bicukura amabuye y’agaciro, ibicukura gaz, ibikorwa byo kuruhuka ku mazi ni bimwe mu bikorwa bikenera uruhushya.

Munyandinda yavuze ko gukoresha umutungo kamere w’amazi bishobora gutera ibibazo mu micungire yabyo bikaba byagira ingaruka ku bukungu n’imibereho y’abatuye igihugu.

Indi ngaruka kandi ni uko bituma ishoramari ryakozwe mu mutungo kamere w’amazi ritagaruzwa.

## Reba
Imodoka zikoresha ibikomoka kuri Peteroli zigiye gukumirwa i Burayi

Nyuma y’amasaha 16 y’ibiganiro, ba Minisitiri b’Ibidukikije mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi (EU), bumvikanye ko bagiye gushyiraho amategeko yo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ibihe, aho guhera mu 2035 imodoka nshya zose zigomba kuba zidasohora imyotsi ihumanya ikirere.

## Ibyemezo
Aba baminisitiri b’ibihugu 27 bya EU, bateraniye i Luxembourg, bemeje ko kugabanya ku kigero cya 100% imyuka ihumanya ikirere.

Ibi bivuze ko mu 2035 nta modoka nshya izongera gucuruzwa ku isoko ryo mu bihugu bigize EU, ikoresha ibikomoka kuri peteroli.

Biteganyijwe ko Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ya EU izaganira ku cyemezo cy’Abaminisitiri b’Ibidukikije ariko byitezwe ko na bo bazashyigikira gahunda y’uyu muryango yo kuba mu 2050 nta myuka ihumanya ikirere ihabarizwa.

Ikindi cyemejwe ni amasezerano yo gushyiraho ikigega cya miliyari 59 z’amayero azakoreshwa mu gufasha abaturage bakennye bashobora kuzagorwa no kwiyongera kw’ibiciro by’ingufu kuzaturuka ku ngamba zo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere.

Buri gihugu kiri muri EU gisabwe gutanga gahunda y’uburyo aya mafaranga azakoreshwa mu gufasha aba baturage zirimo gutanga nkunganire ku bashaka ibinyabiziga bidahumanya ikirere.

EU irashaka kugabanya cyane imyuka ihumanya ikirere ituruka mu rwego rw’ubwikorezi bitarenze 2050, igateza imbere ikoreshwa ry’imodoka zifashisha amashanyarazi, icyakora raporo y’ubugenzuzi umwaka ushize yagaragaje ko uyu muryango udafite sitasiyo zihagije zo kongera amashanyarazi mu modoka.

Urwego rw’ubwikorezi rufite uruhare rwa 25 ku ijana mu kwanduza ikirere muri EU. Hari kandi abahuza iyi nama n’imyanzuro yayo n’amasomo ibihugu byakuye ku ntambara y’u Burusiya na Ukraine kuko yazamuye cyane ibiciro by’ibikomoka kuri Peteroli.

## Reba
Amakoro yafatwaga nk’umuvumo yabaye imari ishyushye i Musanze

Bamwe mu baturage bo mu Karere ka Musanze bemeza ko kuri ubu amakoro yababereye nka zahabu kuko basigaye bayakuramo ibikoresho birimo ibyo kubakisha, imitako n’ibindi bibateza imbere mu gihe mbere uwatekeshwaga ahari amakoro yabifataga nk’uvumwe.

Mu gihe cyo hambere wasangaga umuntu utekeshejwe ahantu hari amakoro yarabifataga nk’aho ababyeyi be bamwanga kuko wasangaga hatera kubera ko no kuhahinga byasaga n’ibidashoboka.

## Akamaro
Aya mabuye yakunze kujya yifashishwa mu bwubatsi no kuzitira imirima yabo ariko bigakorwa mu buryo budateye imbere kuko wasangaga hari amabuye batashoboraga kumena ngo akoreshwe kubera ubunini bwayo n’ibikoresho bakoreshaga bidateye imbere, bigatuma kubyaza umusaruro ayo masambu bibagora no mu gihe cyo kuyagurisha bakaba barahendwaga cyane.

Kuri ubu siko bikimeze kuko umuntu ufite umurima urimo amakoro usanga aba ashakishwa n’abifite ngo bamugurire. Kuri ubu amakoro asigaye akorwamo amabuye meza yo kubakisha n’imitako kandi ugasanga ibikoresho bikorwamo bihenze kandi biramba cyane.

Hari ba rwiyemezamirimo bashinze inganda ziyakoramo amatafari yo kubakisha ndetse n’ibisigazwa byayo nabyo bikabyazwa umusaruro kuko hakurwamo icyo umuntu yagereranya n’icyondo ariko kiba gikomeye ku rwego rugereranywa na sima.

Umuyobozi wa sosiyete, CAMOSAG Ltd, Byazayire Kitoko avuga ko atangira uyu mushinga byari bigoranye ko hari abatarumvaga ibyo akora, ku buryo hari n’abamubwiraga ko ibyo akora ari nko gutwika amafaranga yabuze icyo akoresha.

Bwa mbere, ngo yaguze umurima n’umuturage wawumwingingiraga kuko yari yarabuze umuguzi bitewe n’uko wari wuzuyemo amakoro.

Yagize ati “Njya gutangira gutunganya amabuye y’amakoro nyakoramo ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi, nabanje kugura umurima wari warabuze abakiliya kubera ko urimo amabuye y’amakoro menshi. Urebye amafaranga nawuguze yari make ugereranyije n’ayo wari kugura utarimo ayo makoro kuko byagaragaraga ko byagorana kuwutunganya udafite ubushobozi.”

Yakomeje agira ati " Natangiye ncukura ayo mabuye yari yuzuye muri uwo murima, mfite umukozi umwe n’imashini imwe gusa. Umukozi yamaze nk’amezi atatu aconga amabuye mwishyura ariko ntarabona umuguzi.”

## Ibindi
Mu Karere ka Musanze haboneka inganda zirenga 10 zitunganya amabuye y’amakoro akorwamo amatafari y’ubwubatsi, umusenyi, garaviye, amapave n’ibindi.

Abahanga mu bwubatsi bemeza ko inzu yubakishijwe amakoro yatunganyijwe neza ishobora kuramba inshuro eshanu kurusha iyubakishijwe amatafari asanzwe kuko ishobora kumara imyaka irenga 150.

## Reba
Ibiti bimaze imyaka myinshi mu Rwanda

Nta bushakashatsi burakorwa mu Rwanda ngo hamenyekane aho igiti cya kera cyane giherereye ndetse n’imyaka kimaze kibayeho, ariko uko byagenda kose kiri muri Pariki ya Nyungwe, nk’uko uwari Senateri Bizimana Jean Baptiste wagize se w’umwiru ku ngoma ya Rudahigwa abisobanura.avuga ko ibiti bya kera mu Rwanda ari imivumu, imirehe, imitaba n’ibindi bijya bimara imyaka iri hagati ya 200 na 300, ariko na byo bikaba byaboneka muri Nyungwe kuko ahandi abantu babitema bashaka bakabikoresha imirimo inyuranye.Icyakora i Rutare mu Karere ka Gicumbi ngo haracyari ikigabiro cy’umurehe cyatewe ku ngoma y’umwami Kigeli III Ndabarasa wategetse u Rwanda mu myaka ya 1708 – 1741.

## Icyo Wamenya kuri ibyo Biti
Ibiti bya kera byo bishobora kuboneka muri Nyungwe abantu baramutse babikozeho ubushakatsi, ahandi byaracitse ariko imisozi byari biriho isigarana amazina yabyo.Sen Bizimana atanga urugero ko imisozi nka Kimironko, Kimihurura, Kimisange, Kimisagara, Nyamyumba n’indi, yitirirwa ibimera byahahoze ariko ubu bikaba bitakiboneka. “Nyamara nta n’ubwo byashoboraga kona imirima, bagakwiye kuba barabibungabunze bakabireka.

## Amashakiro
Hari impungenge ku bwinshi bw’abagitekesha inkwi i Rwamagana

Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Rwamagana buratangaza ko nibura umuturage umwe acana ibilo umunani by’inkwi, bukavuga ko amashyamba agererewe nubwo hari gushakwa ibisubizo by’uburyo haboneka ibindi bicanwa.

## Ibarura
Akarere ka Rwamagana gafite ubuso bungana na kilometer kare 682, kakaba gatuwe n’abaturage basaga ibihumbi 400 babarizwa mu ngo 98 871.

Kuri ubu abakoresha inkwi bagera kuri 77%, abakoresha amakara bakaba 18% abakoresha ibindi bisaguka mu mirima n’ahandi ni 4% mu gihe abakoresha gaz ari 1%.

Nubwo bimeze bitya ariko ubuyobozi bwagaragaje ko nibura buri rugo rukoresha inkwi zingana n’ibilo umunani ku munsi, ku buryo hatagize igikorwa byakwangiza amashyamba yatewe.

Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Rwamagana, Mbonyumuvunyi Radjab, yavuze ko ku bijyanye no kurondereza ibicanwa ndetse no kubungabunga ibidukikije bagifite urugendo.

## Kubera iki abaturage bagikoresha inkwi n'amakara?
Bamwe mu baturage bavuze ko bakoresha inkwi kuko ari byo bicanwa biboneka ahantu hose kandi ngo bikaboneka bidahenze cyane.

Mukagatare Donatille utuye mu Murenge wa Kigabiro yagize ati “ Nkanjye aho ntuye inkwi nzibona binyoroheye ntabwo zirahenda cyane nka gaz, nigeze kubigerageza ngura gaz ishizemo nsubiye kuyigura nsanga yiyongereyeho ibihumbi bitatu mbona ni menshi, mpitamo gukoresha inkwi.”

Mugabo Gerard ukoresha amakara we yavuze ko gukoresha gaz bihenze cyane kandi ngo ntiwayitekeraho ibishyimbo n’ibindi bintu bikomeye nk’isombe.

Umuryango wita ku bidukikije n’amajyambere y’icyaro, REDO, ugiye gutanga amashyiga arondereza inkwi, akarinda imyuka yangiza ikirere ndetse akanarengera ibidukikije, muri aka Karere.

Bazatanga amashyiga ku miryango ibihumbi 87 ibarizwa mu cyiciro cya mbere n’icya kabiri cy’ubudehe.

Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa wa REDO, Gashumba Damascène yavuze ko abaturage bazubakirwa aya mashyiga nibura ngo bizagabanya ½ cy’inkwi bakoreshaga.

Ati “ Icyo abaturage basabwa ni amatafari ya rukarakara icumi, ibase eshatu z’umucanga kugira ngo na we uruhare rwe yumve ko atari ishyiga ry’Akarere ahubwo ari irye, twe tuzamuha abarimwubakira ntakiguzi.”

Manikuzwe Marie Gorette ushinzwe gucunga amashyamba ya kimeza n’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima mu kigo cy’amashyamba, avuga ko nibura Leta yihaye intego yo kugera mu 2024 nibura 42% aribo bacana ibicanwa bishingiye ku nkwi,.

Yavuze ko igihugu kigabanya imisoro kugira ngo gaz iboneke ari nyinshi. Yongeyeho gukoresha amashyiga arondereza inkwi nayo ari ingenzi ngo kuko uretse gufasha abaturage kwizigamira amafaranga batangaga ku nkwi, binabafasha mu guteka mu gihe gito.

Akarere ka Rwamagana gafite ubuso buhinzeho amashyamba bungana na 24,8% bw’ubuso bugize aka Karere. Mu myaka ibiri ishize nibura hatewe amashyamba angana na hegitari 88 hanasazuwa amashyamba angana na hegitari 427.

## Reba
Umushinga wo kubungabunga ibidukikije mu nkengero za Pariki Gishwati-Mukura

Mu Karere ka Rutsiro hatangijwe umushinga wo kubungabunga ibidukikije byo mu muhora uri hagati y’ikiyaga cya Kivu na Pariki ya Gishwati-Mukura, witezweho gukemura ikibazo cy’isuri yatwaraga imyaka abaturage bahinze.

Kuri uyu wa 20 Gicurasi 2022 nibwo uyu mushinga uzamara imyaka ibiri wamurikiwe Akarere ka Rutsiro. Ni umwe mu mushinga 20 yo muri Afurika yatoranyijwe mu nama ya 26 y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yiga ku mihindagurikire y’ibihe yateraniye mu Bwongereza mu mwaka ushize wa 2021.

## Ibitegenywa
Mu bikorwa biteganyijwe muri uyu mushinga harimo gutera ibiti ibihumbi 425 guha akazi abaturage 1500 no kwerekera abahinzi uburyo uyu mwuga wakorwa hatangizwa ibidukikije.

Dr Sam Kanyamibwa, inzobere mu bidukikije akaba n’umuyobozi w’umuryango ARCOS uzafatanya n’akarere ka Rutsiro gusubiranya ibidukikije byangijwe mu nkengero za Pariki ya Gishwati-Mukura, avuga ko iki gice ari ingenzi cyane kuri Afurika kuko amazi akivamo atemba akagera mu bindi bihugu.

Ati "U Rwanda rwagize Imana kuba uyu mushinga waremewe. Tuzawukorera hano muri Rutsiro kugira ngo dusane ibidukikije. Rutsiro ni ahantu h’imisozi ihanamye, hari inkangu hari amasuri menshi nanone kandi hari Pariki ya Gishwati-Mukura n’Ikiyaga cya Kivu, ni ngombwa kuhasana kugira ngo ibi bintu byiza bihari tubibungabunge bikomeze kugirira Abanyarwanda akamaro".

Umuyobozi wungirije w’Akarere ka Rutsiro ushinzwe ubukungu n’Iterambere, Havugimana Etienne, yagaragaje ko bitewe no kwangirika kw’ibidukikije mu mezi atandatu ashize isuri n’inkangu byishe abantu babiri.

Ati "Uyu mushinga uzafasha abaturage kongera umusaruro w’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi, kuko tugiye gushyira imbaraga mu kurwanya isuri. Muri iyi minsi n’igihugu gishize imbaraga mu kurwanya isuri, kuba rero tubonye umufatanyabikorwa uzatunganya hegitari zisaga ibihumbi bibiri, agatubura ibiti birenga ibihumbi 400, bizagira ingaruka nziza ku baturage cyane ko biriya biti bizaba birimo n’ibiti by’imbuto".

Uyu mushinga biteganyijwe ko uzarangira muri 2024, utwaye ibihumbi 340 by’amadorali y’Amerika, ni ukuvuga miliyoni zigera muri 340Frw, uzaha akazi abakozi 1500 bazatunganya bakanatera ibiti kuri hegitari 2 125.

## Reba
Ingufu zidahumanya

Abitabiriye Inama yiga ku gukwirakwiza Ingufu zirimo iz’amashanyarazi zidahumanya Ikirere bakusanyije miliyoni $347 [ni ukuvuga asaga miliyari 354 Frw] yo gushora mu mishinga izafasha mu kugeza izi ngufu kuri bose.

Inama ya SEforAll Forum [Sustainable Energy for All] yabaye hagati ya tariki 17-19 Gicurasi 2022, yahurije hamwe abarenga 1000 bari bateraniye mu Mujyi wa Kigali mu gihe hari n’abandi basaga 1000 bayikurikiye mu buryo bw’Iyakure.

## Abitabiriye
Abayitabiriye barimo Perezida Paul Kagame, Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, António Guterres, abayobozi muri za Guverinoma z’ibihugu byo hirya no hino ku Isi, Ibigo by’iterambere, abikorera mu rwego rwo gukwirakwiza ingufu, urubyiruko ndetse n’abahagarariye za Sosiyete Sivile.

Perezida Kagame yavuze ko kubera ko gukwirakwiza ingufu bigomba kujyana n’ingamba zo kurinda iyangirika ry’ikirere, ibihugu bikize bigomba gutanga inkunga muri urwo rugamba kuko ari byo byohereza imyuka myinshi ihumanya ikirere.     

Ati “Muri uko kwinjiza iby’ingufu zirambye muri gahunda yo kuzahura ubukungu nyuma y’icyorezo cya Covid-19, dushobora kwihutisha ibijyanye no kwimukira ku gukoresha ingufu zisubira zitangiza ibidukikije ariko ibyo bigakorwa neza nta busumbane.”

Umukuru w’Igihugu yavuze ko mu gihe ibikorwa by’inganda zikora amashanyarazi bikomeje kwanduza ikirere no kwangiza ibidukikije mu buryo bumwe cyangwa ubundi, Afurika idakwiye kwikorera umutwaro yonyine kuko n’imyuka ihumanya ikirere usanga ahanini yoherezwa n’ibihugu bikize.

Ati “Afurika ntiyakwikorera uwo mutwaro yonyine kubera ko imyuka yohereza mu kirere atari yo yatumye habaho imihindagurikire y’ibihe. Ariko nanone uko byamera kose Afurika iri mu bagomba gushaka igisubizo.”

## Ibyavuyemo
Ubwo hasozwaga iyi nama ku wa 19 Gicurasi, abayitabiriye batanze inkunga uko bifite ndetse bose hamwe bakusanyije abarirwa muri miliyoni $347 azafasha mu gutera inkunga imishinga itandukanye yo gukwirakwiza ingufu mu bihugu biri mu nzira y’amajyambere.

Muri aya mafaranga harimo miliyoni $242 yatanzwe n’Umuryango Nterankunga Bloomberg Philanthropies ufite icyicaro i New York muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.

Amafaranga watanze azafasha mu kugeza ingufu zirimo amashayarazi ariko zitangiza ibidukikije mu bihugu 10 bya Afurika birimo Mozambique, Kenya na Nigeria.

Andi miliyoni $50 yatanzwe n’Ikigo Global Energy Alliance for People and Planet [GEAPP] mu gihe andi miliyoni $5.8 yatanzwe n’Umuryango IKEA Foundation naho Ikigo cy’Abongereza cya Energy Catalyst cyo cyatanze miliyoni 40 z’Amayero.

Nibura abagera kuri miliyoni 800 ku Isi ntibagerwaho n’amashanyarazi, benshi ni abo muri Afurika. Abagera kuri miliyari 2,5 biganje muri Afurika na Aziya ntibagerwaho n’ingufu zifashishwa mu guteka ariko zitangiza ibidukikije.

Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, António Guterres, yavuze ko hakenewe ingamba zihariye kugira ngo Isi izabashe kugera ku ntego z’Icyerekezo 2030, ziteganya ko abaturage bose b’Isi [100%] bazaba bagerwaho n’amashanyarazi.

## Reba
Uko ibishishwa by’imyumbati byafashije abagore muri Bénin kurengera ibidukikije

Ifu iva mu gihingwa cy’imyumbati ni kimwe mu biribwa bikunzwe cyane mu gihugu cya Bénin dore ko igira uruhare rukomeye mu kwihaza mu biribwa muri icyo gihugu.

Gusa iyo bateka ubugari mu ifu y’imyumbati bisaba ko bakoresha inkwi, banavuga ko bibagora kuzibona bigatuma bakora urugendo rurerure cyane.

Reine Ogoubi, umwe mu bagore bifashisha ibishishwa by’imyumbati mu guteka, yavuze ko bagomba byibuze gukora urugendo rw’ibilometero bibiri cyangwa bitatu kugira ngo babone inkwi zo guteka.

Mu majyepfo ya Bénin, hari abagore babarirwa mu magana batunganya imyumbati, bishyize hamwe muri koperative bihangira uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro ibishishwa by’imyumbati mu rwego rwo kurengera ibidukikije ndetse no kwiyorohereza akazi kabo ka buri munsi.

Nyuma yo kubona ingorane bahura nazo ndetse n’ingaruka zishobora gutezwa n’imyotsi y’inkwi uwitwa Grace Chidikofan yateguye ikizajya cyifashishwa mu gutunganya ingufu za biogas hakoreshejwe ibishishwa by’imyumbati bise ‘bio-digester’.

Ibishishwa by’imyumbati hamwe n’indi myanda iva mu musaruro w’imyumbati bishyirwa muri ’bio digester’ yabugenewe hagakorwamo biogaz igasimbuzwa inkwi mu guteka ubugari.

Imyanda isaguka muri ‘bio digester’ ihindurwamo ifumbire ikoreshwa mu gufumbi imirima yabo y’imyumbati.

Ubu buryo bavuga ko bwafashije kugabanya itemwa ry’amashyamba hashakwa inkwi ndetse no kwihutisha imirimo y’aba bagore no kuzamura umusaruro w’abo.

Umuhuzabikorwa w’Umushinga utegamiye kuri Leta ‘Afrique Espérance’, Grace Chidikofan, yavuze ko ubu buryo bworoshye kandi buhendutse yongeraho ko batakazaga ingufu nyinshi n’umwanya ariko bukaba buborohereza.

Mu gukoresha biogaz bituma barengera ubuzima bwabo n’ibidukikije kuko imyotsi yavaga mu nkwi mu gihe bateka ishobora gutera indwara z’ubuhumekero, umutima ndetse n’indwara z’amaso.

Ubu buryo kandi bwitezweho kugabanya ibibazo by’ibura ry’imvura byaterwaga no gutema ibiti ndetse no kuborohereza kubona ifumbire bakoresha mu mirima yabo kuko iyakoreshwaga yatumizwaga mu mahanga.

## Reba
Gicumbi Ibiti ibihumbi 12 byatewe mu gukumira isuri n’inkangu

Abakozi ba Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’Uburenganzira bwa muntu bafatanyije n’abaturage bateye ibiti ibihumbi 12 ku musozi wo mu murenge wa Cyumba mu karere ka Gicumbi 

.

## Tumenye Gahunda yo [[Gutera ibiti mu rwego rwo kurwanya Imigindagurikire yikirere|gutera]] ibyo Biti

Igikorwa cyo gutera ibiti cyahuriranye n’Umuganda Rusange usoza Ugushyingo, wabaye ku tariki ya 26 Ugushyingo mu mwaka 2022. Wateguwe ku bufatanye n’Umushinga Green Gicumbi ugamije kubungabunga ibidukikije.Uyu muganda wanahuriranye n’igikorwa cyo gutangiza Icyumweru cy’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu kizarangira tariki 10 Ukuboza 2022.Meya w’Akarere ka Gicumbi yavuze ko bishimiye ibiti byatewe kuko bizabarinda guhura n’inkangu zangiza imirima n’inzu z’abaturage.Nyuma y’uyu muganda rusange abayobozi batandukanye banasuye Umupaka wa Gatuna uhuza u Rwanda na Uganda bareba uko abaturage bawuturiye bahabwa serivisi.

## Ibyo Abayobozi bakarere ka Gicumbi babivugaho

Ni ibikorwa dushima biza byiyongera ku bindi Leta yaduhaye.Twabikoze ku bufatanye n’Umushinga Green Gicumbi uterwa inkunga na FONERWA aho umaze gusazura amashyamba kuri hegitari zirenga 600 no guca amaterasi y’indinganire na yo agera kuri hegitari zirenga 600; ibi byanahaye akazi abaturage.Guverineri w’Intara y’Amajyaruguru yasabye abaturage kwirinda ibiyobyabwenge no kujyana abana mu mashuri.Yanashishikarije ubuyobozi gukemura ibibazo bitandukanye by’abaturage birimo gukumira no kurwanya igwingira n’imirire mibi y’abana cyane ko byagaragaye ko igwingira ry’abana mu Karere ka Gicumbi riri hejuru.

## Amashakiro
Umwuzure muri Filipine mu wa 2022–2023

Ukuboza 2022, umwuzure watangiye kwibasira cyane intara za Misamis Occidental na Misamis Oriental, ndetse no mu bice bimwe na bimwe byo mu birwa bya Visayan muri Filipine . Umwuzure watewe n'imvura nyinshi, yaguye mu bice byo hagati no mu majyepfo y'igihugu.    

## Impamvu
Ubuyobozi bwa serivisi ya Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) bwatangaje ko imvura yaguye yatewe no kugongana kw'imisate y'imiyaga iherereye mu turere twa Visayas na Mindanao . Imirongo y'imiyaga yakomeje kwerekeza mu burasirazuba bwa Visayas na CARAGA mu bice byo hagati n’amajyaruguru yigihugu.   Ahantu h’umuvuduko muke hamwe n’amajyaruguru yuburasirazuba bw'imvura nayo yagize uruhare.  Guhera ku ya 22 Mutarama 2023, imirongo y'imiyagaa iracyakomeza. 

## Ingaruka
Ubutegetsi bw'intara ya Misamis Occidental bwatangaje ko ari ibiza karemano (SOC) kuko bakiriye umwuzure wose. Imijyi ya Gingoog, Ozamiz, n'umurwa mukuru w'intara ya Oroquieta, ndetse n'amakomine akikije yibasiwe cyane n'umwuzure.  Samar, Samari y'Amajyaruguru na Samari y'Uburasirazuba nabo batangaje SOC.   

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Inama y’igihugu ishinzwe kugabanya no guhangana n’ibiza
** Ingaruka z'umurongo wogosha (2022)
** Ingaruka z'ahantu h'umuvuduko muke, mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bw'imvura, no ku imirongo ya Shear (2023)

## Amashakiro
Wood duck

## MENYA IMITERERE Y'UBWOKO BW'INYONI YITWA WOOD DUCK

Wood duck n'ubwoko bw'inyoni zo mu mazi zifite amabara meza cyane. iyo nyoni y'ikigabo ifite ikinyuma icyatsi kibisi kijimye  n'igitereko. inda yabyo irera naho igituza n'umutuku wijimye naho  ku ijosi bifite imirongo y'umweru. amababa yabyo ariho ubururu n'umukara. 

naho iy'ikigore ntago zifite amabara nk'ayibigabo bifite umutwe wijimye, inda yera, n'amabere yera.inyoni y'ikigabo ikoresha ibara ibara ry,amabara kugirango ikurure inyoni zingore mu gihe cy'uborozi.

izi wood duck zikunze kwibera mu biti byo bishanga n'inzuzi muri America ya ruguru. kubera amabara adasanzwe n'uburyo ziteye cyangwa c ingano zayo nizimwe mu nyoni zimenyekana byoroshye muri Amerika ya ruguru. izi zitandukanye n'izindi nyoni z'amazi zo zibera mu mwobo w'ibiti kandi zigakora umukumbi. https://themysteriousworld.com/most-beautiful-birds-in-the-world/

### IMYITWARIRE
izi nyoni zitandukanye n'inyoni nyinshi zo mu mazi wood duck zirahagarara kandi ziba mu biti byoroshye kuguruka mu ishyamba. zifite umurizo mugari kandi mugufi, zifite kandi amababa yagutse abasha gukora neza. iyo zoga umutwe wazo uranyeganyega inyuma nkuko inuma igenda. ukunze kubona izo nyoni mu matsinda( munsi ya 20) ikitandukanya nizindi nyoni. unva umuhamagaro w'umugore mu gihe izo nyoni zirinda.https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Wood_Duck/id

#### AHO ZIKUNDA KUBONEKA
Ku isi izi nyoni zikunze kuboneka muri buri ntara iburasirazuba bw'imisozi(Rock mountains) ndetse no mu majyaruguru ya pasifica. izi nyoni za wood duck zishobora kuboneka mu byuzi, mu biyaga, mu bishanga no ku nzuzi. zihitamo ahantu havanze amazi n'ibishanga. https://www.nwf.org/Educational-Resources/Wildlife-Guide/Birds/Wood-Duck
Umwuzure wabaye Qinghai mu wa 2022

Muri Kanama 2022, imyuzure yibasiye Datong Hui na Tu Autonomous County .  Nibura abantu 16 bishwe n'umwuzure abandi 36 baburirwa irengero mu Ntara ya Qinghai .  Nk’uko ikinyamakuru CCTV cyabitangazaga ngo imvura y'amahindu itunguranye yatumye habaho inkangu yayobeye m'umugezi. 

## Amashakiro
Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku mashyamba muri Bangladesh

**Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi bw’amashyamba muri Bangladesh (BFRI)** ni ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku mashyamba muri Bangladesh, giherereye i Sholashahar, muri Chattogram .    

## Amateka
Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi bw’amashyamba cya Bangladesh cyashinzwe mu 1955 nka Laboratoire y’ubushakashatsi bw’amashyamba ya Pakisitani, BFRI ikora iyobowe na Minisiteri y’ibidukikije, Amashyamba n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe . Usibye icyicaro cyayo muri Chattogram, BFRI ifite sitasiyo 21 zubushakashatsi hamwe na sitasiyo munsi y’amashami atanu agizwe n’amoko atandukanye y’amashyamba akwirakwizwa mu turere umunani twa dendrologiya mu gihugu. 

## ingeri z'ubushakashatsi

* Ishami rishinzwe gucunga amashyamba
** Ubushakashatsi bwa Silvicultural
** Silviculture genetics
** Imirima y'imbuto
** Mangrove silviculture
** Igice cyo Kugerageza Ibihingwa
** Ibicuruzwa bito byamashyamba
** Amashyamba
** Ubukungu bwamashyamba & mibare
** Ibarura ry'amashyamba
** Ubumenyi bwubutaka
** Kurinda amashyamba
* Ishami ryibicuruzwa byamashyamba
** Gukora ibiti & injeniyeri
** Ikiringo & ibiti bya fiziki
** Veneer & Gukomatanya ibicuruzwa
** Kubungabunga ibiti
** Impapuro n'impapuro
** Ubuhanga bwa shimi

## Amashakiro
Urubaho runini (filime y'uruhererekane)

***Big Timber*** ni filime ishingiye ku nkuru mpamyo yerekeye ubucuruzi bw'biti ku kirwa cya Vancouver, muri Kanada. Igihembwe cya mbere cyafashwe amashusho kuva muri Nzeri 2019 kugeza Mutarama 2020 hanyuma gitangwa bwa mbere n’umuyoboro w’amateka ya Kanada ku ya 8 Ukwakira 2020. Kuva yagurwa kandi ikwirakwizwa ku isi yose binyuze kuri Netflix, wafashaga gutera inkunga igihembwe cya kabiri kubera ko yakiriwe neza kurubuga. Igihembwe cya kabiri cyafashwe amashusho muri 2021 cyongera gusohoka ku mateka. Urukurikirane rwasohotse kandi rwose ku ya 18 Nyakanga 2022 kuri Netflix. [1]

## Abakinnyi

* Kevin Wenstob - umuyobozi mukuru
* Sarah Fleming - umuyobozi w'urusyo
* Erik Wenstob - umukanishi mukuru
* Coleman Willner - Umutwe Sawyer
* "Inkwi" John Brebber - uwandika
* Tyler Lindsay - umukanishi muto
* Glen Fox - umuguzi wibiti
* Shanise - gukemura ibibazo
* Kevin G - yarder

## amashakiro yo hanze

* Ibiti binini - Igihe cya 1 kuri Netflix
Strecmann's bushcrow

## ABYSSINIAN BUSH CROW
Igihuru cya strecmann kizwi kandi kw'izina rya pisini Abyssiany Akaba ari igikona cyo mugihuru cya 

etiopia izina ryacyo rusange akaba ari Zavattarionis ,n'inyoni imeze nk'inyenyeri kurubu ikaba 

ikekwa ko ari umwe mubagize umuryango w'inkongoro.. nubwo ibi bitazwi neza.umuhogo

n'igituza ni cream yera n'umurizo wayo n'umukara.ni umukara urabagirana.

n'inyoni yijimye kandi ikikijwe nitsinda ry'uruhu rwerurutse rwambaye ubusa.

ubusanzwe inyoni zubaka ibyari byazo mu biti ,kandi zigatera amagi yaagera muri atanu kuri atandatu

hamwe na lilac.icyari ubwacyo zifite umubumbe w'isi hamwe n umutereko wacyo winjira hejuru.

## Taxonomy
Ubu bwoko bw'inyoni bugira amazina menshi harimo ni iryibihuru bya stresmann ni igihuru cya

ethiopia, igihuru cya Abyssinian na Zavattarioni.  Izina rya zavattarioni ryibutsa izina rya

Eduard zavatard umutariyani wikigo

cy'ibinyabuzima mu ri kaminuza ya Roma hagati 1935-1958.  

## IMITERERE
Muri rusange iyi nyoni ifite ibara ryijimwe n'umurizo ibara ryirabura   umutwe hamwe na 

capilare yo hejuru byose n'imvi  ubwoya yo kugahanga n'amabara yo hejuru y'ugutwi byose 

bihinduka umweru ikaba ifite uruhu rwiza ruzengurutse ijisho nti rufiye amababa kandi rushobora 

guhindagurika rigabanyamo ijisho ry'iraburamo ibice   amababa ya nyuma y'ijisho 

ashobora kugenda ikagira kandi umunwa w'umukara muto muto. Umurizo yayo ni umukara 

kandi ni muremure, amaguru yayo kandi arirabura 

## IBIDUKIKIJE N'IMYITWARIRE
Igiti cya stressmann gisanzwe kiboneka mu matsinda y;inyoni mu bwoko bugera muri butatu ububwoko nti bwimuka. 
## INDYO
Itangira kurisha izuba rirashe ikaba irishitriza ku butaka igafungura akanywa kacyo gato gato

kugirango ifate udukoko twose iyo ifashe ikintu cyangwa udukoko ikatujyana mu giti cyangwa 

mu gihuru kiyegereye ikagitsindagisha ikirenge ikakica kugirango irye umuhigo wacyo.
Amasoko Y’imigezi

## Kwangirika kw'Amasoko y'Imigezi

Tuvuga ko amazi ari ubuzima, ntacyo twakora atabonetse kandi ncyeka ko kuyabona na bwo yanduye, byashyira ubuzima mu kaga kurushaho. Rero njyewe nasaba, nk’uko hari ingamba nyinshi zigamije kurengera ubuzima bwa muntu, hakabayeho n’ubukangurambaga mu batuye Umujyi wa Kigali, kubungabunga imyobo buri wese akabigira ibye, twirinda ingaruka zirimo n’uko kwanduza amasoko y’amazi dukoresha.Bamwe mu batuye mu Mujyi wa Kigali, bavuga ko bagihanganye n’ikibazo cyo kubona amazi meza, mu gihe hirya no hino hakigaragara za ruhurura, imisarani icukurwa ku bwinshi ndetse n’imyobo yagenewe gufata amazi, ariko bititabwaho ku buryo byaba indandaro yo kwanduza amasoko y’amazi bakoreshwa mu buzima bwa buri munsi.

## Impuguke icyo zibivugaho
Bamwe mu mpuguke mu by’ibidukikije, bavuga ko mu gihe imisarane n’ibyobo bishyirwamo amazi yanduye byaba bikomeje gucungwa nabi, bishobora gukururira imijyi imwe n’imwe kurigita, kubw’ubucucike bw’abayituye.Ku ruhande rw’Umujyi wa Kigali, ngo bishobora gutera inkangu zikomeye bitewe n’ubuhaname bwawo, ndetse bikanagira ingaruka ku mazi abantu 

bavoma.

## Amashakiro
Kubanisha ibimera kabiri

**Guhuza inshuro ebyiri** ( **DPM** ) ni igishushanyo cyo guhuza (kwambuka) gikoreshwa mu bworozi bw'ibihingwa . Buri muntu ku giti cye yahujwe nabandi babiri.

## Amahame

Igishushanyo cya 1 hahinduwe variant ya DPM irerekanwa. DPM nigishushanyo mbonera cyo guhuza  muri gahunda yo korora iringaniye, aho hifuzwa umusanzu ungana kuri buri miturir y'ibyororoka.  Hamwe na DPM umubare wimiryango mishya yashizweho uhwanye numubare wabantu bashakanye. DPM yemerera gukoresha neza uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza ibitsina kugirango ikoreshe neza aborozi borozi kugirango boherezwe mu busitani bwimbuto.  Ugereranije no guhuza ibitsina byombi, DPM ifite ibyiza ko genes ziva kumuntu zanduzwa ibisekuruza bizaza nubwo imwe mumisaraba yananiwe; ko igereranya ryizewe ryubworozi bwababyeyi rishoboka (ingirakamaro kumurima wimbuto, aho ibiti byapimwe bikundwa); kandi ko genes zabakurambere batandukanye zifite amahirwe meza yo guhuza.

## Reba
Gukuraho ishyamba

**gukuraho ishyamba** ni inzira yo gutema ibiti,  ikintu cyibikorwa byo gutema . Umuntu utema ibiti ni *feller* . Feller buncher ni imashini ishoboye gutema igiti kinini cyangwa guteranya no gutema utuntu duto icyarimwe. 

## Uburyo

### Gutema ukorshe uburyo bwa gakondo
Muri ubu buryo, ishoka, ibiti, cyangwa umunyururu bikoreshwa mu gutema igiti, bigakurikirwa no guhimba no gukubita mu bikorwa gakondo. Mu nganda zigezweho zo gutema ibiti, gutema mubisanzwe bikurikirwa no gutembera no kunyerera .

### gutema ukoresheje imashini
**Feller-buncher** ni moteri ifite moteri ifite umugereka uca vuba kandi ugateranya ibiti byinshi mugihe cyo kubitema.

Mugukata-muremure gutema umusaruzi akora imirimo ya feller-buncher, wongeyeho gukora delimbing na bucking. Mugihe cyo gusarura ibiti bivuye ku giti cyatemwe, uburyo bwateganijwe bugomba gukurikizwa kugirango ibiti bishoboke. Icyifuzo cyatanzwe ni ugukora ibice byimbitse no gufungura bito mugihe ukora ibicuruzwa.  

## Uburyo bwo gutema

Gukata *munsi* cyangwa *gukata* ni kuyobora cyangwa kuganisha ahantu h'igiti kandi ni icyerekezo cya V gishyizwe kuruhande rwigiti mu cyerekezo cyo kugwa. 

*Gukata umugongo* cyangwa *gutemwa* bikozwe ku rundi ruhande rw'igiti cyo munsi hanyuma ucibwa mu nsi y'igiti uca “hinge” ufashe igiti hejuru. 

## imikoro kuri Boom-koridor
Ubu ni ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bujyanye no gutema ibiti no guhora gutema ibiti muri boom-koridoro bishobora gutuma umusaruro wiyongera. Inzira nziza yo gukora ibi kwari ugukoresha imitwe yatemagura byongera imikorere nigihe cyo kugwa. 

## Ikarita

## Amashakiro
Umwuzure wa Mutagatifu Elizabeti (1404)

**Umwuzure wa Mutagatifu Elizabeti** ( **Sint Elisabethsvloed** ) wo mu mwaka wa 1404 wabaye ku ya 19 Ugushyingo 1404 cyangwa hafi yawo, umunsi witiriwe Mutagatifu Elizabeti . Umwuzure wabaye mubi cyane muri Flanders, Zeeland na Hollande . Agace ka Zeeland na Flanders kari karengewe n’umwuzure mbere y'imyaka 29, ku ya 8 Ukwakira 1375.Kubera umwuzure, Braakman yararemwe ira naguka. Muri kariya gace gashya, paruwasi nshya n'imidugudu byatangiye kugaragara. Umwuzure wo mu 1404 wongeye gusenya ako gace, nk'uko byagenze mu 1375. Utundi turere mbere tutigeze dukoraho nk'imijyi mito ya IJzendijke na Hugevliet yarafashwe irasenywa mu gihe cy'umwuzure. Igihe umwuzure wabaye benshi barapfuye amazu arasenywa kubera umuburo mubi.

Ku ya 19 Ugushyingo 1404, huzuyemo uduce twinshi twa Flanders, Zeeland, n'Ubuholandi. Inkubi y'umuyaga yaje kumenyekana kw'izina ry'umwuzure wa Mutagatifu Elizabeti wa mbere. Ibyangiritse byari bikomeye. Agace ka Zeeland-Flanders kari kamaze kurengerwa n’imyaka 29 mbere, mu 1375. Binyuze muri ibyo, Zuiderzee yaremewe. Hafi ya Zuiderzee, hashyizweho polders, kandi muri ibyo bikoresho, havutse paruwasi nshya. Kubwamahirwe macye, muri 1404, ibintu byose byongeye gusenywa. Kuriyi nshuro, akarwa kafatagwa nkubuturo bw'imigi mito mito nka Ijzendijke na Hugevliet, yarokotse umwuzure wari wabibasiriye mu mwaka wa 1375.  Mu ntara ya Flanders ibirwa byose byo ku nkombe mu kanwa ka Westerschelde byaratwawe. Nyuma yibi byago John Fearless, Duke wa Burgundy ( *Jan zonder Vrees* ) yatanze itegeko ryo guhuza imiyoboro yose yari isanzweho n'umuyoboro umwe munini warusanzweho waturukaga mumajyaruguru y'intara yerekeza mu majyepfo. Ibi birasobanura impamvu umuyoboro w'Ububiligi ugororotse. Kubera ko Jan zonder Vrees nayo yabazwe na Flanders, iyi dike iracyitwa Graaf Jansdijk  . 

## Reba kandi

* Umwuzure wa Mutagatifu Elizabeti (1421), umwuzure wabaye uwo munsi nyuma yimyaka 17.
* Umwuzure mu Ubuholandi 

## Amashakiro
Ubuhinzi bw’Inanasi

Inanasi ni igihingwa kiri mu biza ku isonga mu kuzamura iterambere ry’abatuye Akarere ka Gakenke, aho byibura buri mwaka batabura umusaruro ufite agaciro ka miliyoni 318, abaturage bakaba bakomeje kugana ubwo buhinzi bagize umwuga, mu rwego rwo kuzamura iterambere ryabo.

## Umusaruro uva mubuhinzi bw'Inanasi
Mu mirenge 19 igize akarere ka Gakenke  umunani muri yo yiyemeje guhinga inanasi mu buryo bw’umwuga aho ubuso bwa hegitari 2,600 muri ako karere bwiharirwa n’igihingwa cy’inanasi, mu mwaka hagasarurwa toni zitari munsi ya 2,100.Abakora ubwo buhinzi baremeza ko bukomeje kubazamurira iterambere dore ko bamaze kwibumbira mu makoperative, gukorera hamwe bikaba bikomeje kubafasha guteza imbere ubwo buhinzi. umwe muri abo bahinzi b’inanasi bibumbiye muri Koperative COAFGA, agira ati “Twahisemo kuva mu bindi twita ku buhinzi bw’inanasi nk’igihingwa tubona ko gikomeje kuduteza imbere, ku mwaka twinjiza amafaranga menshi gusumbya ayo twabonaga mu buhinzi busanzwe”.

## Intego abahinzi bafite

Abahinzi bavuga ko biteguye kongerera agaciro inanasi beza, kugira ngo amafaranga yiyongere banazigemure mu mahanga zumishije, bakaba bafite intego yo kongera ubuso bahingaho inanasi aho bizeye imikoranire myiza n’abafatanyabikorwa bazibagurira, bagahamya ko batazigera babura isoko.Isoko rinini abo baturage bafite ni irya Rwiyemezamirimo Sina Gerald ugura hafi 70% by’inanasi beza, aho azinyuza mu nganda mu rwego rwo kuzongerera agaciro akazibyazamo imitobe n’ibindi, mu gihe izindi ziribwa n’abaturage basanzwe hakaba n’izijyanwa mu masoko hirya no hino mu gihugu.Nkuko mu bizi na gahunda ya leta ihari ni uko abantu bava mu bukene, turi muri gahunda yo kugabanya ubukene ndetse bukazaranduka burundu, kuba rero abantu bari bari mu cyiciro cya mbere uyu munsi bakaba babasha guhinga inanasi bakakivamo ni urugero rwiza abandi bakabaye bareberaho bakabona ko umuntu yahinga akiteza imbere. 

## Amashakiro
Blue jay

## BLUE JAY
Blue ja nimwe mu nyoni zifite ubwenge kandi nziza ku isi. zasanzwe mu mashyamba yo muri Amerika y'iburasirazuba no hagati. blue jay zifite uburur butangajje bwera n'umukara. ikintu gitandukanya cyane iyi nyoni n'indirimbo n'urusaku rwayo"jay jay" nko guhamagara. zishobora kandi no kwigana imihamagaro wandi moko yizindi nyoni. 

Usibye uburyo zigaragara blue jay zizwiho ubwenge, zishobora kwiba ibyana n'amagi yizindi nyoni. blue jay nayo yigana amajwi y'izindi nyoni kugirango ibeshye izindi nyoni. kandi bikaba bivugwa ko blue jay mubunyage ishobora no kwigana invugo y'abantu nandi majwi yizindi nyamanswa.

Blue jay n'inyoni mboneza mubano zishobora kuboneka mu masho mato, ariko mu gihe cy'itumba, mu gihe cyo kwimukira mu majyepfo. zikora imikumbi minini y'ubururu bw'ijana. imyitwarire yazo yo kwimuka iracyari amayobera mu by'ubumenyi, ntabwo blue jay ariko zose zimuka mu gihe cy'itumba zimwe ziguma mu butaka bwazo, kandi nta blue jay yimuka buri mwaka. https://themysteriousworld.com/most-beautiful-birds-in-the-world/
Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi bw’amashyamba muri Finilande

**Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi bw’amashyamba muri Finilande** ( Finnish   , Swedish   ), kizwi ku izina rya **Metla**, ni ikigo kiyobowe na Minisiteri y’ubuhinzi n’amashyamba ya guverinoma ya Finlande . Ifite inshingano zemewe n'amategeko zo guteza imbere , binyuze mu bushakashatsi, gucunga ubukungu, ibidukikije, n'imibereho myiza irambye no gukoresha amashyamba. Metla ni kimwe mu bigo bikomeye by’ubushakashatsi bw’amashyamba mu Burayi, bifite ingengo y’imari ingana na miliyoni 40 z’amayero n’ibice 9 by’ubushakashatsi (muri Joensuu, Kannus, Kolari, Läyliäinen ya Loppi, Parkano, Punkaharju ya Savonlinna, Rovaniemi, Suonenjoki na Vantaa ) .

## Ihuza ryo hanze
* urubuga rwa Melta
Indian hause crow

## HAUSE CROW
Igikona cyo munzu kizwi kw'iza ry'abahinde Cleyon  colombo afashijwe no kohereza,

ari hagati ya jadaw igikona cya karrion cya cm40 mubunini mu burebure akaba ari 16 .

Uruhanga ikamba umuhogo n'amabere , umurizo n'amaguru birirabura. 

## Taxenomy
Ubwoko bw'abatoranijwe muri C.S iboneka muri pakisitani , ubuhinge na bangaradeshi.

Ndetse na nepali kandi ifite ijosi rw'ijimye ubwoko buto C S ZUGMEYER iboneka mubice.

Bimwe byo mu majyepfo ya aziya.  

## Ikwirakwiza naho ziba
Umubare munini w'inyoni ziri hagati ya 200 na 400 waragaragaye muri shan  shuii muri Hong kong.
Umwuzure witiriwe Mutagatifu Feligisi

**Umwuzure wa Mutagatifu Feligisi** (mu Ubuholandi **Sint-Felixvloed** ) wabaye ku wa gatandatu, 5 Ugushyingo 1530, umunsi w'izina rya Mutagatifu Feligisi . Uyu munsi waje kwitwa Ikibi Kuwa gatandatu *(kwade zaterdag)* . Ibice binini bya Flanders na Zeeland byatwawe n'umwuzure, harimo na Verdronken Land van Reimerswaal . Ku bwa Audrey M. Lambert, "Amazi yose ya Oost ya Zuid-Beveland yarazimiye, usibye umujyi wa Reimerswaal gusa." 

Bivugwa ko mu Ubuholandi abarenga 100,000 bishwe n’umwuzure wa Mutagatifu Felix. 

## Reba kandi

* Umwuzure mu Ubuholandi

## Amashakiro

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* [deltawerken.com](https://web.archive.org/web/20220519112729/http://www.deltawerken.com/St.-Felixflood-(1530)/497.html)
Peacock

## PEACOCKS cyangwa PEAFOWLS

Peacock n'izina ry'inyoni y'ingabo  mu muryango w'inyoni za peafowls. hariho  amoko atatu yizo nyoni za peafowls ku isi: 

* ubuhinde
* congo
* na nyakatsi( green peafowls)  

izi nyoni zo mu buhinde n'ubwoko bukunze kuboneka ku isi peacock(ingabo) zizwiho kwerekana amabara yerekana amababa n'umurizo.https://themysteriousworld.com/most-beautiful-birds-in-the-world/
Gukuza ibimera byo mu mashyamba

**Gukuza ibimera byo mu mashyamba** (FVS) ni ikuza ry’amashyamba n’icyitegererezo cy’umusaruro cyakozwe n’ishami ry’amashyamba muri Amerika kandi rikoreshwa n’abashinzwe umutungo kamere n’abashakashatsi. FVS ihindagurika kubice byihariye bya geografiya kandi ikoresha icyitegererezo cyo kwigana kugirango hamenyekane amashyamba n'imiterere.

FVS ikoresha amakuru y'ibarura ryamashyamba kugirango isobanure uko ibintu byifashe mbere kandi bisaba ibisobanuro byerekana igishushanyo mbonera, ibiranga igihagararo, nurutonde rwibiti byihariye.  Kwagura FVS birahari kugirango hamenyekane ingaruka z’udukoko n’indwara, umuriro, na karubone.

## uburyo bugezweho buzakoreshwa
FVS nicyitegererezo cyo gukura kwamashyamba gishingiye kubibanza byamashyamba nisesengura (FIA). Irerekana imikurire yibiti kugiti cye nkigikorwa cyo kugereranya ibiranga. Buri cyiciro cyo mukarere gishingiye kubibanza bya FIA mukarere. Icyitegererezo cyashizweho kugirango habeho igereranya ryukuri ryikura ryamashyamba ryemeranya na -3/2 itegeko ryo kunanuka hamwe nubutaka bwibanze ntarengwa.

## Amashakiro
Umwuzure witiriwe Mutagatifu Marcellus

**Umwuzure wa Mutagatifu Marcellus** cyangwa **Grote Mandrenke** ( Low Saxon : /ɣroːtə mandrɛŋkə/ ; Danish: ' Kurohama gukomeye kw'abagabo '  yari inkubi y'umuyaga ikabije, ihura n'ukwezi gushya, kuzenguruka mu birwa by'Ubwongereza, Ubuholandi, Amajyaruguru y'Ubudage, na Danemark (harimo na Schleswig / Amajyepfo ya Jutland) ahagana ku ya 16 Mutarama 1362 (OS), bitera byibuze impfu 25.000. Inkubi y'umuyaga yitwa "Umwuzure wa kabiri witiriwe Mutagatifu Marcellus" kubera ko wageze ku ya 16 Mutarama, k'umunsi mukuru wa Mutagatifu Marcellus . Ku ya 16 Mutarama 1219, "Umwuzure wa mbere witiriwe Mutagatifu Marcellus" warohamishije abantu 36,000 ku nkombe za West Friesland na Groningen.

Umuhengeri mwinshi uturuka ku nyanja y'Amajyaruguru wageze mu gihugu imbere uva mu Bwongereza no mu Buholandi kugera muri Danemarke no ku nkombe z'Ubudage, usenya ibirwa, uhindura ibice by'umugabane w’ibirwa, kandi utsemba imijyi n'uturere twose. Muri bo harimo Rungholt, bivugwa ko yari iherereye ku kirwa cya Strand mu majyaruguru ya Frisia, Ravenser Odd mu burasirazuba bwa Yorkshire, n'icyambu cya Dunwich . 

Iyi nkubi y'umuyaga, hamwe nindi miyiga byaranganaga mu bunini mu kinyejana cya 13 no mu kinyejana cya 14, yagize uruhare mu ishingwa rya Zuiderzee,  kandi warangaga ikirere kidahungabana kandi gihinduka mu majyaruguru y’Uburayi mu ntangiriro y’Imyaka y'urubura ruto.

## Reba kandi

* Umwuzure mu Ubuholandi
* Inkubi y'umuyaga yo mu nyanja y'Amajyaruguru

## Amashakiro
Umwuzure n'Inkangu muri São Paulo mu wa 2016

Umwuzure ukabije n’inkangu wibasiye São Paulo (umujyi) na São Paulo (leta), muri Burezili, nyuma y’imvura nyinshi yahitanye abantu 21.   Imvura yaguye muri São Paulo no mu turere tuyikikije yasize amateka mashya y’imvura yaguye mu kwezi kwa Werurwe maze isiga imijyi itwikiriwe na metero imwe y’ibyondo n’amazi y’umwuzure.  Imvura yabaye nyuma y'amezi y'amapfa . 

## Ibyabaye
Guhera ku ya 10 Werurwe ugakomeza kugeza mu gitondo cyo ku ya 11 Werurwe, imvura idasanzwe yaguye igera kuri milimetero 61 muri Sorocaba, iburengerazuba bwa São Paulo kugeza kuri milimetero 87 muri Mirante de Santana, mu majyaruguru.  Imijyi ya Francisco de Morato na Itepavi byombi byibasiwe n'inkangu yahitanye abantu 13. Imijyi ya Cajamar na Guarulhos nayo yahuye n’umwuzure ukabije wahitanye abantu bane.  Muri 21 bishwe, amakuru avuga ko 18 bishwe bapfuye bazize inkangu, mu gihe abandi 3 barohamye mu mwuzure. Abagenzi ndetse n'abaturage baho barahagaze kubera ko imihanda yari yuzuye amazi.  Nanone, kubera imvura, ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya São Paulo byabaye ngombwa ko gifunga amasaha agera kuri 6.  Imvura yaguye kandi yahagaritse ingendo za gari ya moshi zitwara abagenzi amasaha menshi. 

## Reba kandi

* Umwuzure n'Inkangu muri Berezile mu wa 2009 
* Mutarama 2010 Rio de Janeiro imyuzure n’inkangu
* Mutarama 2011 Rio de Janeiro imyuzure n'inkangu

## Amashakiro
Amashyamba muri Espanye

Ahanini, amateka **muri Espagne** yari imwe mu kongera amashyamba yari ari gutemwa. [1] Igiti ( Spanish   ) igihe kirekire cyari isoko nyamukuru yingufu. [1] Mu kinyejana cya 20, hashyizweho ingamba zo guhindura inzira, kongera ubuso bw’amashyamba mu gihugu guhera icyo gihe.  [n. 1]

Amashyamba afite hafi 55% yubutaka muri Espagne, 70% abikorera ku giti cyabo na 27% kubutaka rusange. Umubare wambere uhinduka cyane bitewe nakarere, Navarre ikagira uruhare runini rwamashyamba ya leta hamwe na Galiciya ntoya (MAGRAMA, 2012). [4]

Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2012, amoko y'ibiti akunze kugaragara mu mashyamba ya Espagne ni *Pinus pinaster*, *Pinus sylvestris*, ubwoko bwa eucalypts, *Pinus halepensis*, *Fagus sylvatica*, *Pinus nigra*, *Quercus ilex*, *Quercus pyrenaica*, *Quercus pubescens*, *Pinus radiata*, *Quercus robur* na *Quercus petraea* . [5]

Politiki y’amashyamba kurwego rwa leta ishyirwa mubice bya politiki yiterambere ryicyaro ishami rya minisiteri bireba.  Benshi mu micungire y’amashyamba, ariko, yimuriwe ku rwego rw’akarere mu miryango itandukanye yigenga . [5]
Dosiye:1908-07-11, Blanco y Negro, Aranjuez, Conducción de maderas por el río Tajo, Cifuentes.jpg|Ubwikorezi bwibiti muri Tagus, hafi ya Aranjuez (1908)
Dosiye:Segovia (provincia) 1976 02.jpg|*[[Quercus pyrenaica]]* yaranzwe no gutema hafi ya N-110 (1976)
Dosiye:La Huerce 1977 05.jpg|Gutema amashyamba muri La Huerce (1977)
Dosiye:Plantación de eucalipto, O Outeiro.jpg|Imirima ya Eucalypt muri Palas de Rei (2019)


## Amashakiro