open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Amarira y’inkoko atemba ajya mu jisho

Umugani *"Amarira y’inkoko atemba ajya mu jisho"* waturutse ku migenzo y'inyamaswa, cyane cyane inkoko, igaragaza uko ibihe bibi bishobora kugiraho ingaruka. Uyu mugani ukomeza kuba isomo ryo kwihanganira ibibazo no guhangana n’ingaruka z’ibyo umuntu ahura na byo mu buzima.
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### Inkomoko y’Umugani:
Uyu mugani ukomoka ku mibereho y’inkoko mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Iyo inkoko irira (cyane iyo ifite ikibazo cyangwa ikibabaje), amarira yayo atemba akajya mu jisho. Byashushanyaga ko ibibazo cyangwa ibihe bibi by’umuntu bishobora kumugiraho ingaruka ziremereye, cyane cyane igihe atarabona ubufasha.

Mu mico y’Abanyarwanda, ibi byafatwaga nk'isomo ry'ubuzima rigaragaza uko umuntu agomba kwitwara mu bihe bikomeye cyangwa igihe abura ubufasha bwo hanze.
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### Ibisobanuro by’Umugani:

* **Amarira y’inkoko**: Bishushanya amagorwa cyangwa ibibazo umuntu ahura na byo.
* **Atemba ajya mu jisho**: Bisobanura ingaruka mbi zigera kuri nyir’ubwite cyangwa ku bamutegerejweho ibisubizo.

Umugani uravuga ko ibibazo cyangwa ibihe bikomeye bishobora guhindukana bikagera kuri nyirabyo mu buryo bugaragara, rimwe na rimwe bitari byitezwe.
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### Inyigisho y’Umugani:

# **Kwirinda ibibazo bikomeye**: Wigisha abantu kugira ubushishozi no kwirinda ibibazo bishobora kubasubiza inyuma.
# **Kwihanganira ibihe bikomeye**: Umuntu agomba kumenya ko hari igihe ibibazo bimugeraho kandi agashaka uko abikemura aho guheranwa na byo.
# **Kugira uruhare mu gukemura ibibazo**: Kugira ngo umuntu adaheranwa n’ingaruka z’ibibazo, agomba gushyira imbere ubufasha no kubishakira umuti.

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### Ingero zo Kuwukoresha:

* Iyo umuntu ahuye n’ibibazo bimugiraho ingaruka ziremereye, bavuga bati: *"Amarira y’inkoko atemba ajya mu jisho."*
* Iyo umuntu ahura n’ingorane ziturutse ku makosa cyangwa ibihe by'ubuzima, ashobora kwibutswa uyu mugani ngo yihangane.

Uyu mugani wigisha isomo ry’ingirakamaro mu buzima, aho umuntu agomba guharanira kudaheranwa n’ingaruka z’ibibazo ahubwo akagerageza kubikemura.
Iyo umugabo ashaka urugi, arabona urutindo

Umugani *"Iyo umugabo ashaka urugi, arabona urutindo"* waturutse ku bitekerezo by’ubuzima bw’abanyarwanda ba kera, byibanda ku mbaraga z’umutimanama w’umuntu ushaka kugera ku ntego, ndetse no ku migenzereze y’abashakaga ibisubizo mu bihe bikomeye.

### Inkomoko y’Umugani:
Uyu mugani ntufite inkomoko ku muntu umwe wihariye, ahubwo ushingiye ku mateka rusange y’abanyarwanda. Mu bihe bya kera, abantu babaga bafite intego ariko bakabura uburyo bworoshye bwo kuyigeraho (urugi), bagakoresha ubwenge, ubuhanga, cyangwa ubufasha (urutindo) kugira ngo bakemure ibibazo byabo. Hari ibyabayeho mu mibereho y’abantu bikaba intandaro yo kuvuga uyu mugani, urugero:

# **Mu gihe cy’amahoro cyangwa amakimbirane**: Iyo umuntu yifuzaga kugera ku kintu cyihariye (urugi), ariko inzira zisanzwe zigoye cyangwa zidashoboka, yashakaga uburyo bwihariye bwo kugera ku ntego (urutindo).
# **Ibihe by’umuhigo**: Mu gihe abanyarwanda bageragezaga guhiga inyamaswa cyangwa gushaka ikindi kintu cy’agaciro, bakoreshaga ubuhanga bwose bushoboka ngo bagere ku cyo bifuza, n’iyo inzira yanyuzwemo itari isanzwe.
# **Inyigisho rusange**: Mu muryango nyarwanda, uyu mugani wigishaga ko n’iyo inzira isanzwe zidakunda, umuntu ugira ubushake n’ubwenge ashobora kwishakamo indi nzira iganisha ku ntego.

### Inyigisho y'Umugani:

* **Ubushake n’umuhate**: Kugira ubushake bwo kugera ku ntego bifasha kubona ibisubizo, n’iyo inzira ziba zigoranye.
* **Guhanga udushya**: Iyo inzira zisanzwe zidakunda, umuntu agomba gushakisha ubundi buryo bwo kugera ku byo ashaka.
* **Kudacika intege**: Ibi bigaragaza ko umuntu utacika intege abona amahirwe aho abandi babona inzitizi.

Uyu mugani rero wavuye mu bitekerezo by’ubuzima bwa buri munsi, ukomeza kwigisha abantu ko ubushake n’ubushishozi ari ingenzi mu buzima bwabo.
Urucira mukaso rugatwara nyoko

Umugani *"Urucira mukaso rugatwara nyoko"* waturutse ku nkuru yakomeye mu muco w’Abanyarwanda, kandi ugasobanura isomo ryo kwitondera ibyo umuntu akorera abandi, kuko ingaruka zabyo zishobora kumugeraho.
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### Inkomoko y’Umugani:
Uyu mugani ukomoka ku mibanire y’umuryango, cyane cyane ku mibanire hagati y’umugore n’umukazana, cyangwa hagati y’umuntu n’abandi batari abo mu muryango we.

Inkuru ivugwa yerekana ko hari umuntu wahoraga anenga cyangwa ahemukira umukazana (mukaso), maze ibyo byamubayeho cyangwa bigatera ingaruka mbi ku muntu yitaga uwe bwite (nyina). Ibi byatumaga abantu babona ko ikibi ugirira undi gishobora kukugarukira cyangwa kigahitana uwo wita uwawe.
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### Ibisobanuro by'Umugani:

* *Urucira*: Bivuga ikintu cyangwa ikibazo uteza, cyangwa amahano utegura ngo agere ku bandi.
* *Mukaso*: Umuntu ubonwa nk’utari uwawe w’amaraso (nka mukazana, umugeni, cyangwa abandi).
* *Nyoko*: Wenda kugira icyo ugukoraho no kugiraho ingaruka.

Bisobanuye ko igikorwa kibi ushobora gukorera abandi abantu ushobora kutita abawe gishobora kuguhindukana kikagirira nabi abantu bawe bwite, cyangwa nawe ugahura n’ingaruka zabyo.
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### Inyigisho y'Umugani:

# **Kwirinda kubogama**: Wigisha ko umuntu adakwiye guhemukira cyangwa gukorera nabi abandi, cyane abatafitanye amasano nawe.
# **Icyo utera abandi kigaruka**: Ingorane cyangwa amakuba uteza abandi ashobora kukugeraho cyangwa guhungabanya abo ukunda.
# **Kwita ku bandi mu buryo bungana**: Kwibutsa abantu ko bagomba gufata abantu bose neza, batabogama cyangwa ngo bateze ikibi mu muryango cyangwa aho batuye.

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### Ingero zo Kuwukoresha:

* Iyo umuntu ashaka kugirira undi nabi, bamubwira bati: *"Urucira mukaso rugatwara nyoko, uzabitekerezeho."*
* Iyo umuntu agiriwe nabi n’ibikorwa bye byari bigambiriye undi, bavuga bati: *"Nawe urabonye ko urucira mukaso rugutwaye nyoko."*

Uyu mugani wigisha ubupfura no kwirinda ingeso mbi mu mibanire ya buri munsi.
Umugani muremure

umugani muremure niurugero rwikesha mvugo  ryo muri rubanda.Imigani miremire iba irimo amakabya nkuru.

## AKAMARO KUMUGANI MUREMURE
-imugani miremire idufasha kumenya ururimi rwacu

-imigani miremire idufasha kumenya umuco

-imigani miremire idufasha kumenya amateka

### INGERO Z'IMIGANI MIREMIRE:
-Amaco y'inda

-ikirura n'umwana w'intama

-ikirura na bwiza

#### UMUGANI:UGIYE IBURYASAZI
Kera habayeha umukobwa bamushyingira i Buryasazi,nyirabukwe agize  ngo aramuha isazi nyamukobwa aranga ati:"Iwabo ntibarya amasazi."

Bukeye nyirabukwe yenda akabya ashyiramo isazi arapfundikira ashyira kuziko,ahamagara umukazanawe ati:"Mwanawange ngu

two utuboga twa sobukwe uramenye ntidushirire ucanire neza nguyu n'umunyu uze gushyiramo twe tugiye guhinga kure."

Nuko nyirabukwe yegura isuka akurikira abandi bahinzi,umukobwa nawe aherako yegera iziko aracanira.

Isazi zimaze guhwana igihe cyo gushyiramo umunyu kigeze awushyiramo,nukoyenda agati ngo yumve uko bimeze nuko

yumva biryoshye.Atereka akabya hasi agumiriza akozaho agati arigata kamaze guhora arumika kumunwa  rwumirana ubwo.

Nuko yigunga aho agakono kamubayeho ingunga,igihe cy'amahingura kigeze birashyira nyirabukwe araza.

Ageze murugo ahamagara umukazana we ati:> undi yitabira mugakono ati:>nyirabukwe ati:

> Nyirabukwe ageze aho y'injira munzu asanga agakono kumiye k'umukazana we aratangara aramubaza

ati:>

Undi abura icyo avuga.Nyirabukwe akamukuraho aragenda azana izindi sazi arateka,igihe cy'ikaraba kigeze ntiyirirwa amubaza

,umukazana amuhereza amazi arakaraba kuko yari yavuye ku izima.Ashyira ahongaho bararya.

Ngaha aho uyumugani waturutse ngo>

#### ISHAKIRO

Ikigo ki Igihugu gishinzwe integanya nyigisho igitabo cy'umwaka wa gatandatu.

Uru rwari urugero rw'umugani miremure tutirengagije ko hari niyindi.
Ushaka inka aryama nka yo

Umugani *"Ushaka inka aryama nka yo"* waturutse ku mibereho y'Abanyarwanda ba kera, aho inka zari zifite agaciro gakomeye, zigashushanya ubukire, ishema, n’imibereho myiza. Uyu mugani ukomoza ku ngeso yo gukurikiza no gukora ibintu bihwanye n'icyo umuntu aharanira kugeraho.
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### Inkomoko y’Umugani:
Uyu mugani ufite inkomoko mu migenzo y’ubworozi mu Rwanda. Inka zabaga zikomeye kandi zikeneye kwitabwaho byihariye: kubaka ibiraro byiza, kuzubikira, kuzigaburira neza, no kuzihahiriza ubwatsi. Umuntu wifuzaga kuba umworozi cyangwa gutunga inka, yabaga agomba kugira imyitwarire ikwiye, irimo umwete, kwiyitaho, no gukora nk’uko umworozi mwiza abigenza.
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### Ibisobanuro by’Umugani:

* **"Ushaka inka"**: Bishatse kuvuga umuntu ugamije kugera ku ntego runaka cyangwa kubona icyo yifuza (birenze inka mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo).
* **"Aryama nka yo"**: Bishatse kuvuga gukora ibikorwa bihwanye n'intego, kugerageza gutera intambwe ikwiye no guharanira kugera ku byo ushaka.

Umugani ushaka kuvuga ko kugira ngo umuntu agere ku byo ashaka, agomba kwitwararika, gukora cyane, no kwigana imico ikwiye icyo agambiriye kugeraho.
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### Inyigisho y’Umugani:

# **Kwiyemeza no gukora cyane**: Kugira ngo ugere ku ntego yawe, ugomba gushyiramo imbaraga zihwanye n’ibyo ushaka kugeraho.
# **Kumenya uko utegura ejo hazaza**: Uwo mugani wigisha gukora ibintu bigenwe neza kugira ngo intego z’igihe kizaza zigerweho.
# **Guharanira guhindura imyitwarire**: Gushaka intsinzi bisaba kwiga no kwiyemeza gukora ibyo bigusaba.

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### Ingero zo Kuwukoresha:

* Iyo umuntu afite intego ariko yirara mu mikorere, bamubwira bati: *"Ushaka inka aryama nka yo, ibyo ukora si byo byaziguha."*
* Iyo umuntu agaragaza imyitwarire ikwiye kugira ngo agere ku ntego, baramushimira bati: *"Nibyo rwose, ushaka inka aryama nka yo."*

Uyu mugani uha isomo abantu bose bafite intego mu buzima bwo gukora ibyo bikwiye kugira ngo bazigeraho. Wigisha kwigana no gukurikiza urugero rwiza rw'icyo ushaka kugeraho.
UMUGANI: Utazi Ubwenge Ashima Ubwe

## UTAZI UBWENGE ASHIMA UBWE
Intare umwami w'ishyamba yarwaje umwana, ibura ibitotsi ikajya irara yomongana mu ishyamba ryose, iboroga bicika, iririra icyana cyayo.

Ibaza imiti biba iby'ubusa, umurwayi akomeza kuremba kuko indwara yari yarayoberanye.

Intare igeze aho yigira inama yo gukoranya ingabo zayo ngo izibaze umuti wayikiriza umwana.

Buri bwoko bwose bw'inyamaswa bwohereza umuhanga bwiyizimo kubuhagararira.                             

Inama y'abahanga ikabamo ingwe, ingeragere, umuhari, inzovu, imparage, amasatura n'izindi.

Indwara iranga irayoberana, imiti igeragejwe ikabisubiza irudubi.

Abahanga bamaze gushoberwa, nyiramuhari yari ifitanye amasinde n'ikinyogote ishaka kukiroha.

Nibwo ibwiye intare iti «Nyagasani, naje aha mvuye mu rugendo rwa kure kandi nahabarije imiti myinshi none nagira ngo mbabwire umuti wakiza umwana.»

Intare iyikubita urwara iti «maze ugatinda bigeze aha ngaha!»

Nyiramuhari iti «nimurase ikinyogote, umwana anywe amaraso yacyo ashyushye, ahage, dusigarane umurimo wo kumwondora.»

Ikinyogote kibyumvise gihinda umushyitsi.

Kiraza n'imbere y'intare gikoma yombi, amavi kiyarimiza mu butaka, kiti :

«Nyagasani, sinakwemera ko umwana wawe apfa kandi nshobora kumuvura, ubuzima bwanjye ntiburuta ubwe, Cyakora narenzweho, nanjye uwo muti naje nywuzi ariko nyiramuhari yawibagiweho ikintu cya ngombwa.

Naho twawukuye ndahababwira: Tujya kuza mu nama, twagiye kuri ba bandi bagendera ku tuguru tubiri, baratubwira bati: ni mwe mwembi umuti uzaturukaho.

Bazashake ubwonko bwa nyiramuhari, babuminjiremo amaraso y'ikinyogote, umwana abirye,azakira.»

Izindi nyamaswa ziteze amatwi ziti «nimugire bwangu umwana ataducika !»

Nuko nyiramuhari bayica agahanga, baragasatura bakuramo ubwonko.

Ikinyogote bakivoma amaraso mu mutsi w'ukuguru bayaminjira mu bwonko bwa nyiramuhari babisuka icyana cy'intare.

Inama irangira ityo; ikinyogote kigenda gicumbagira, n'ubundi ariko cyari kibisanganywe,

kuko cyari kimaze iminsi bagitereye umujugujugu mu myumbati.

Hashize iminsi ibiri, ruranga rutwara cya cyana cy'intare.

## '''ibintu biranga abanyabwenge'''
abantu becibibaza aho abantu babahanga ahobakura ubwege ndore ibishobora gutuma uba umuhanga icyambere kugira inombero yokumenya icyo utazi. ibyobishobora gutuma ugira umuhate ugakoracyane kuburyo ushobokumenya ibindi mugihe urigushaka kumenyacyacyandi.icyindi ugusomacyane ibitabo . abahanga bavugako iyo usoma igitabo wuguka byici kuruta ibyowashakaga ibyorero bishobora kugufasha ariko nago ariko bose basoma ibitabo ngo babyummvekimwe ariko iyowabihaye umwanya nago bishobora kwaga kujyamo bavugako icyintu cyose ukoranye ubwege nu mutimawawe wose icyocyintu uko arikokose ugikoraneza. icyagatatu kugira intego mubuzima. iyo ufite intego mubuzimabwawe nushobo gukara ibintu mukajagari kuko uba ufite icyo ushaka kugeraho ibyo bigafasha abanyabwenge cyane mubuzimabwabo.icyindi bababatuje mubuzimabwabo
Ibisakuzo

"Ibisakuzo" ni umukino wo mumagambo ibibazo n'ibisubizo bihimbaza abakuru n'abato kandi birimo ubuhanga.                                                    Ibisakuzo nabyo kandi byagiraga abahimbyi b'inzobere muribyo bahoraga barushaho gucukumbura kugirango barusheho kunoza no gukungahaza uwo mukino.

## Akamaro k'ibisakuzo
-Ibisakuzo bidufasha mukumenya no gusobanukirwa amateka yaranze abakurambere bacu.                                                                               -Ibisakuzo bidufasha mukwishimira igitaramo.                                                                                                                                                         -Ibisakuzo bituma turushaho gukunda umuco wacu nk'abanyarwanda.

### Zimwe mungero z'ibisakuzo

Sakwe Sakwe!_________Soma

1.Nagutera icyambuka amazi kitagura amaguru"IJWI"

2.Nagutera icyo utazi utabonye"UBUTO BWASO NA NYOKO"

3.Mpagaze mu ishyamba rimpa umwezi"IBARIZO"

4.Ngeze mu ishyamba rirahungabana"INZARA Y'UMUSORE"

5.Nshinze umwe ndasakara"ICYOBO"

6.Iki gikunda inshyi"AKAYUNGURUZO"

7.Nagutera nakwiteguye"GUSITARA"

8.Ngiye murutoki nsimbuka abapfumu bapfuye"IMITUMBA"

9.Ni iki cyatanze umuzungu kwambara karuvati"ICYIYONI"

10.Fata umuhoro mfate undi tuge gutema ikidatemeka"UMUZI W'URUTARE"

Izo nizimwe mungero z'ibisakuzo abanyarwanda bakunda kwifashisha mubitaramo,ndetse nikindi baba bahuriye hamwe bataramye.

Nibyiza ko nk'abanyarwanda dukomeza gusigasira umuco wacu duhurira mubitaramo tugaca imigani,ibisakuzo,imbyino gakondo,ndetse nibindi byose bijyanye no gusigasira umuco wacu harimo no kugira indanga gaciro na kirazira.

Ibisakuzo kandi byashoboraga gukoreshwa murwego rwo gushimisha abitabirye igitaramo cyangwa bigakoreshwa banashimisha abana usanga ibisakuzo byinnshi biba biri mucyo twakita" imvugo izimije"ariho usanga iyo abantu bakina uwo mukino hari abandi batisangamo kuko usanga bigoye kumenya igisubizo.
Ibisigo

Ibisigo nyabami ni ibisigo byatangiye ku ngoma ya Ruganzu Ndoli ; nibwo byatangiye kwitwa gutyo . mbere hari ibyitwaga ibinyeto (riva ku nshinga kunyeta bivuga gusingiza cyangwa kurata). mu binyeto kagame avuga ko umusizi yahangaga agasigo kagufi k'imirongo nk'icumi cyangwa makumyabiri ,kakaba ari ak'umwami umwe,umwe.nyuma ku ngoma ya Ruganzu ni bwo Nyirarumaga yize uburyo bwo guhuriza mu gisigo kimwe abami benshi cyangwa se akavuga umwami umwe mu gisigo kirekire.

## AMOKO Y'IBISIGO NYABAMI

### Ibisigo nyabami birimo amoko atatu: <small>ibisigo by'ikobyo ibisigo by'ibyanzu ibisigo by'impakanizi</small>
a)IKOBYO/IKUNGU Ni ibisigo bigiye umujyo umwe bikagira interuro (intangiriro) n'umusayuko.ntibigira ibika bitandukanye ahubwo byo bigiye umujyo umwe.aho bihuriye n'ibindi ni uko bigira indezi(amagambo asingiza umwami).birahurutuye ntanubwo ari birebire.urugero tugomba gusesengura ni:none imana itumije abeshicyasizwe na mutsinzi agitura kigeli Rwabugiri amuhanuririza abaroze se rwogera ngo abarimbure (abagereka bo kwa Rugereka ) (igitabio cy'imyandikire umwaka wa gatandatu,p).

b)IBYANZU   Ni ibisigo bigabanyijemo ibika bita ibyanzU bigiye bitandukanywa n'inyikirizo. Mu byanzu iyo bavuga amateka y'abami ntibakurikiranya uko bagiye bima ingoma n'uko ibikorw byabo byagiye bikurikirana. urugero tugomba gusesengura ni:Naje kubara inkuru cyasizwe na sekarama ka mpumba agitura rwabugiri mbere yo gutera i ndorwa (igitabo cy'imyandiko umwaka wa gatandatu)

c)IMPAKANIZI Ni  usanga umusizi yaragendaga avuga amateka y'abami n'ibikorwa byabo abakurikiranya uko bagiye bima ingoma, agaheruka uwo atura igisigo. impakanizi yagiraga ibice by'ingenzi bitatu interuro umusisi avugamo muri rusange ibyo agiye gukomozaho ku bami bose no kugaragaza ko aje kurabukira umwami. igihimba kigizwe n'ibika bivuga abami bigenda bitandukanywa n'inyikirizo yitwa impakanizi. umusayuko umusizi asingizamo umwami agitura uri ku ngoma ndetse akaba yaboneraho no kwisabira umuriro

#### ingero:
- ukwibyara gutera ababyeyi ineza cyasizwe na NYAKAYONGA ka MUSARE WA KARIMUNDA
IMPETA

Impeta ni igikoresho cy'ubukwe cyangwa ikimenyetso cy'ubusabane bw'umubano, kikaba gikoreshwa cyane mu mibanire hagati y'abashakanye cyangwa abifuza kubana mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko. impeta akenshi iba igizwe n'icyuma cyangwa ikindi kintu cy'agaciro, kandi igakoreshwa mu buryo bw'ikimenyetso kigaragaza urukundo, ukwizerana, ndetse n'ubufatanye hagati y'abantu

## UBWOKO BW'IMPETA

* **Impeta y'ubukwe**: Iyi ni impeta igaragaramo urukundo hagati y'umugabo n'umugore, yambarwa mu kiganza cya mbere (agatuza), kandi igaragaza ko abantu babiri basinye amasezerano yo kubana ubuzima bwose. Akenshi iba igizwe n'ibintu by'agaciro, nk'inyenyeri, zahabu, cyangwa diyama.
* **Impeta y'icyubahiro**: Iyi ni impeta ikoreshwa mu kugaragaza icyubahiro ku muntu runaka, cyane cyane mu rwego rw'ubuyobozi, cyangwa mu rwego rw'umurimo.
* **Impeta y'urukundo**: Iyi ni impeta yihariye ishobora gukoreshwa hagati y'abantu bashaka kugaragaza urukundo rwabo, ariko itari mu rwego rw'ubukwe.

## UBUSOBANURO BW'IMPETA BITEWE N'URUTOKI UYAMBAYEHO
Ni byiza ko umenya ubusobanuro bw'impeta bitewe n'urutoki uyambayeho kugirango wirinde gutanaga amakuru atari yo bitewe n'ababisobanukiwe.

**1.Igikumwe /Thumb**

Nk’uko uru rutoki ari runini kandi rukaba rukora buri gihe cyose izindi zikora, iyo ushyizeho impeta biba bisonura ko wigenga, utavugirwamo, kandi ko unikunda.

**2.Urukurikira igikumwe/ The thinger follows the thumb**

Ibi bisobanura ubutware kuko ari na rwo bakoresha iyo umuntu agutunga urutoki ashaka kukubwira ko ibyo urimo gukora atari byiza kandi akabikora agaragaza ko akuyobora.

**3.Urutoki rurerure/ Long finger**

Uru ni urutoki rurerure gusumba izindi kandi runagororotse gusumba izindi. Kwambaraho impeta bisobanura ko umuntu ahamya ko afitiye umuryango (sosiyete) akamaro kandi ko aharanira kwiteza imbere.

**4.Mukuruwameme/ meme boss**

Uru ni urutoki rujyaho impeta isobanura ko umuntu yarangije kugira uwo ahitamo akamwegurira ubuzima bwe bwose ngo babusangire, ikaba yambara umuntu washyingiwe cyangwa se wihaye imana.

**5.Agahera/ Last finger**

Uru ni urutoki ruto kurusha izindi rwegereye urwambarwaho impeta ya marriage kwambara impeta ahangaha bivuga ko ufite undi ukugaragiye mu mibanire yawe n’abandi cyangwa se ufite imbogamizi z’igitsina uri cyo.

**Kwambara Ku ntoki zose**

Ibi bisobanura ko nta mutekano ufite, cyangwa se ko ugaragara uko utifuzaga kuba wagaragara, cyangwa se ko abandi bakubona uko wowe utari.
Ibyerekeye iruka ryibirunga

IBYEREKEYE IRUKA RYIBIRUNGA IBIRUNGA NIBIMWE MUBYIZA NYABURANGA BIGIZE IGIHUGU CYACU IBIRUNGA RERO TUBIBONA AHANTU HESHI HATANDUKANYE KWISI HARIMO NI GIHUGU CYACU IGICE GIHEREREYEMO IBIBYIZA NYA BURANGA  NI MUMA MANJYARUGURU YURWANDA MUKARERE KA MUSANZE

###### AKAMARO KIBIRUNGA
IBIRUNGA NIBIMWE MUBIDUFASHA GUKURURA BAMUKERA KUGENDO BESHI BIGA FASHA IGIHUGU KUBONA AMADOVIZE MESHI BIGATUMA IGIHUGU KIGIRA ITERA MBERE RIRI HEJURU NI MURURWO RWEGO DUKWIYE KUBISIGASIRA TUBIRINDA BARUSHIMUNSI KUKO BIDUFASHA KWINJIZA AMADOVIZE
Umuco gakondo

## UMUCO GAKONDO
Umuco gakondo wurwanda wiganjemo ibice byinshi byiganjemo:ibisigo,imigani,imiziririzo n'umuco uranga abanyarwanda,ukabahuza bityo bigatuma babana kandi bahuje imico.

### IBIGIZE UMUCO GAKONDO
Igikoni ni ibiryo bya kinyarwanda bishingiye ku biribwa by'ibanze bikomoka ku buhinzi gakondo.Mu mateka,ibijyanye n'imirire bigenda bihinduka bitewe n'ubwoko butandukanye bw'abantu sibyo gusa mumuco gakondo harimo nubanzi nimbyino gakondo ibi nibice byingenzi bigize umuco wabanyarwanda

iminsi mikuru guhurira hamwe kwabanyarwanda bagasangira ndetse hakaba hari nintore zabitozwe zikabyina gitore zigahamiriza ibyo bigatuma umuco

nyarwanda utera imbere ugasigasirwa.

mumuco nyarwanda habamo nibindi bice byingenzi bikurikira;imigani miremire nimigufi ,ibisakuzo,ibyivugo nibindi.........

indirimbo gakondo nizisaza bityo bigatuma umuco gakondo uhora usugira.
Ubuhanzi gakondo

**UBUHANZI** **GAKONDO**

ubuhanzi gakondo ni uguhanga icyintu icyo aricyo cyose kerekeye ku muco nyarwanda cyangwa umuco gakondo w'abanyarwanda .ubuhanzi gakondo bwakunzwe gukoreshwa cyane cyane nabatubanjirije cyangwe abakurambere bacu.

ubuhanzi gakondo bugira ibikoresho byinshi bakoresha mu gihe bahanga bimwe muri byo nibi bikurikira;

.umuduri

.inanga

.ikondera

nibindi ni bindi,mu buhanzi gakondo kandi bagira ibyo bagenderaho mu gihe bawuhanga ,bagendera ku jyana yubwo buhanzi mugihe bahanga nki  ndirimbo,bagendera ku magambo aranga ubwo buhanzi ndetse ni bindi byinshi.

**ZIMWE MUNGERO ZU BUHANZI GAKONDO**

1,indirimbo

2,ibisigo

3,umuvugo

4,ibyivugo

5,ikinamico

nibindi nibindi,ubuhanzi gakondo kandi bufite akamaro kenshi yaba kugihugu,umuntu kugiti cye .umwe muruwo mumaro harimo ko bifasha igihugu kuzamura umuco,bigafasha umuntu kwinjiza inyungu mugihe ibihangano bye byakunzwe nababireba,bigafasha igihugu ndetse numuntu kugiti cye kwiteza imbere ndetse no gukuza impano.
KAGAME Paul

## KAGAME Paul ni muntu ki?
**aya ni amagambo KAGAME Paul yavuze we ubwe,**

Mu kiganiro Perezida Kagame yagiranye n’abanyamakuru kuwa 08 Mata ubunyamakuru Jean-François Dupaquier yamubajije uwo Kagame ari we? Dupaquer ati hari abakurwanya bavuga ko uri umwicanyi, umunyagitugu, umugome … ati nk’urugero amafoto yawe menshi akugaragaza nk’umuntu udasabana. Kubera icyi udaseka ngo ugaragaze inseko nk’abandi ba Perezida bagenzi bawe ku isi hose…. ?

Asubiza uyu munyamakuru Perezida Kagame yarabanje afata umwanya araseka ndetse agaragaza ko icyi kibazo gifitwe na benshi bari baranze kukibaza. 

Ubusesenguzi bwa Makuruki.rw buragaruka ingingo ku yindi Perezida Kagame yakoresheje yisobanura ubwe; wo ari we. Yatangiye amubwira ati “Me is the person you see!” mu kinyarwanda ni ukuvuga ngo “Njye ndi uwo uri kureba”. “Uwo ureba niwe Njye “. Icyo umbona mo nicyo ndi cyo.

Uyu mugabo rero muzimabwe yanze gutsindwa ndetse numugayo amateka yamurenze ni aya umaze kumva ndetse namagambo yavuze akomeye mubuzima
ABAHANZI

Abahanzi ni abantu bafasha abandi kwishima baka nongera bagasusurutsa ababikeneye kandi ukanashimisha abawukora  

## <u>AKAMARO K'ABAHANZI</u>
* Abahanzi badufasha kuruhuka mu mutwe mu gihe tunaniwe
* Abahanzi bafasha igihugu gutera imbere
* Abahanzi bafasha kwiga

## <u>IBIBI BY'ABAHANZI</u>
# Batuma abana bishora mu busambanyi
# batuma abana bakura batekereza nabi
# batuma abana batiga neza

## <u>INGERO Z'ABAHANZI BATANDUKANYE</u>
* chriss eazy
* nesa
* zeo trapbeat killa

## IBYO NAVUGA KU BAHANZI NIBYO NGIBYO .


### Amashakiro
Intoki

Intoki ni kimwe mu bice by'umuntu ziba z'imeze udushami duto tw'umubiri w'umuntu, tugize ukuboko kandi dufite inshingano zo gufata, gukoraho ,no gukora ibikorwa bitandukanye

Intoki tuzikoresha mubuzima bwa buri munsi kandi ibintu bitandukanye ,niyo mpamvu usanga abantu bamwe batazitaho abandi bakazitaho, ariko ni ingenzi kuzitaho kuko nazo zigize umubiri wacu kandi ni ihame ko tugomba kugirirra isuku umubiri wacu, kuko bidufasha mu kwirinda indwara zitandukanye zandurira mu mwanda ,harimo nk'imiswi(Diarrhea) ndetse n'izindi harimo nicyorezo covid19.

### UBURYO BWO GUKORERA ISUKU INTOKI ZAWE
Gukora isuku y’intoki ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo wirinde indwara no kugumana isuku. Dore uburyo bwo gukaraba intoki neza:

# **Shyira amazi ku ntoki**: Tangira ushyira amazi ku ntoki zawe.
# **Shyiramo isabune**: Fata isabune, ushyire ku ntoki zawe hanyuma ushyireho amazi.
# **Koresha intoki zose**: Kurungurura intoki neza, utangire ku rutoki, ukorere hagati mu ntoki, hejuru y'intoki n'ahantu henshi hidasanzwe, cyane cyane mu maboko hagati.

**4.Koresha ubundi buryo bwo gusukura**: Niba bishoboka, shakisha na "scrub" cyangwa icyo bita "nail brush" kugirango umenye ko usukuye neza no hagati mu ntoki.

#### AKAMARO KO GUKARABA INTOKI
•Gukaraba intoki n’amazi meza n’isabune bituma udukoko tuzirimo dupfa bityo bikakurinda indwara zituruka ku mwanda.

•Kugira isuku mu biganza birinda umuntu indwara kandi bigakumira kuyikwirakwiza mu bandi.
Ikaye

IKAYE ;NI igikoresho gikoresha bandikaho inyandiko zitandukanye

AKAMARO KIKAYE

.ikoreshwa nabanyeshuri

.ikaye idufasha mukubika amakuru

.ikaye idufasha mu kwiga 

AMABARA YAMAKAYE

.amakayi menshi akozwe mu ibara ryumweru

UKO TWAGIRIRA ISUKU AMAKAYE

1.kwirinda gushyiraho imyanda

2.kwirinda kuyashyira mu mazi

3.kuyabika ahantu humutse 

AMOKO YAMAKAYE

.ikayi yimpapuro 2oo

.ikayi yimpapuro 96 

.ikayi yimpapuro16

AMAKAYE AGIZWE NIKI

.amakaye yose agizwe nimpapuro zumweru
Imbasa

IMBASA

Imbasa ni indwara yibasira abana bari munsi y'imyaka 15 ariko cyane cyane abari munsi yi 5.

Imbasa iterwa na virusi ikunze kugaragara mu umwanda wo m'umusarane ,igafata uwariye cyagwa uwanyweye wese ibirimo iyo virusi.Bimwe mu ibimenyetso byayo ni ukugira ubumuga ku kaguru kamwe cyagwa yombi nanone ushobora kugira ubumuga ku 

kaboko kamwe cyagwa yombi.Dr Rosette Nahimana ushizwe porogaramu zo gukingira mw'ishami ry'umuryango w'Abibumbye

rishinzwe ubuzima (OMS) avugako iyi ndwara hari abayirwara ikabahitana cyagwa ikabatera ubumuga buhoraho.

Yakomeje avugako mubantu 200 umwe muribo agira ubumuga buhoraho abandi uko bakameza kuvurwa ibimenyetso bigenda

biganuka kandi hagati ya 5cyagwa10%yabo irabahitana kubera kumugara imikaya yo mubuhumekero bakananirwa guhumeka.

Yarongeye ati:<<Gukingira iyindwara aribwo buryo bwonyine bwo kurandura ino ndwara burundu mu Rwanda.

Yongeyeho kandi ko imbaraga zashyizwe mugukinira abana batoya byatumye abari bayirwabaravuye ku bihumbi 350 mu mwaka

wi 1988 bakagera ku bihumbi 33 mu mwaka wa2018 kwisi hose.

Kugeza ubu mu Rwanda igipimo cyabana bayikingizwa ni 93% akaba ari nayompamvu Minisiteri y'ubuzima(RBC) ishishikariza ababye gukingiza abana babo kuko gukingiza abana bihendutse cyane kurusha kubavuza.

Ubu butumwa bwanagarutsweho kuri 25Ukwakira mu karere ka Nyanza ubwo hizihizwaga umunsi mukuru wo kurwanya imbasa

mu Rwanda.
Uburyo wa kwirinda umwanda

### murwanda umubare munini wabantu bakunze kurwara indwara ziterwa ni sukunkeya zimwe muri izondwara dusangamo korera typhoid nizindi zirimo inzoka zomunda ni mururwo rwego abnyarwanda twese dukwiye kugira isuku dukoresha amazi meza nisabune igihe tuvuye kubwiherero kuko hakozwe ubushaka shatsi basanga mu bwiherero habamo bacteria zishobora gutera indwara zikomoka kumwanda ikindi dukwiye kwirimda kugenda dusuhuzanya mubiganza kuko nabyo bishobora gukwirakwiza bacteria abantu bazihererekanya ndetse bishobora no gukwira kwiza indwara zibyorezo kubwizo mpamvu zose dukwiye kwirinda guherekanya ibiganza
Ibisimba by’umutwe muremure

**Ibisimba by’umutwe muremure** cyangwa se sikoropiyo ni agasimba gato ko mu muryango w’ibinyamushongo. Kagaragazwa n’umurizo wihariye: ugizwe n’utugirangingo, wigondoye ureba imbere hejuru y’umugongo. Ku mpera y’umurizo harasongoye (hari agacumu).

Uwo murizo wayo usongoye ni wo ijomba umuntu ikamutera ubumara bukoze mu bintu bihumanya, bigira ingaruka ku myakura no mu bwonko.

Ifite uduhembe tubiri tw’imbere yifashisha mu gufata ibintu n’utuguru 8. Uko ireshya biterwa n’ubwoko bwayo (uburebure bwayo harimo n’umurizo akenshi ni ukuva kuri 9mm kugera kuri 21cm).

Indyanishamurizo zishobora kuba ari umuhondo, umutuku cyangwa umukara, gusa muri rusange ziteye kimwe.

Zikunda kwigaragaza nijoro, ku manywa ziba zihishe mu nzu ahiherereye, muri fondasiyo y’inzu, mu gisenge, mu gitanda cyangwa mu biryamirwa, mu myenda, mu nkweto n’amasogisi, hanyuma igasohoka nijoro igiye gushaka ibyo kurya, icyo gihe nibwo iruma abantu.

### Ibyo Ibisimba by’Umutwe Muremure (Scorpions) Bimenyereweho:

# **Ubuzima mu Butayu**:
#* Ibisimba by’umutwe muremure bikunda kubaho mu butayu kuko bibasha kwihanganira ubushyuhe bukabije ndetse no kubura amazi igihe kinini. Zifite uburyo bwo kubika amazi mu mubiri wazo ndetse no gukoresha imiterere yazo, ku buryo zibasha gutegereza igihe cy’ijoro kugira ngo zitware neza.
# **Imiterere**:
#* Ibisimba by’umutwe muremure bifite umubiri wihariye wuzuye **utubyimba** , bigatuma bibasha kuzigama amazi ndetse no gukumira ubushyuhe bukabije. Ubwoya bwo ku mubiri wabo bwabo bita "exoskeleton" bubafasha kugumya ubuzima igihe cy’umwuma.
#* Ibikoni byabo  nibyo bigira uruhare mu kwiba cyangwa kwirwanaho ndetse no gufata ibiryo bituruka ku nyamaswa ntoya, nka **inseko**.
# **Ubushobozi bwo Kwihangana**:
#* Ibisimba by’umutwe muremure byihanganira imikorere idasanzwe, nk’imvura nke n’ubushyuhe bukabije. Zishobora kugira igihe kinini zidakenera amazi, kandi igihe cyose zibasha kuba mu mwijima cyangwa mu bihuru bishobora kuba ahantu hatari izuba.
# **Uko Zitera Imirimo**:
#* Ibisimba by’umutwe muremure bikunda kugenda nijoro cyangwa mu masaha akonje kugira ngo birinde ubushyuhe bukabije bwa nyuma y’umunsi.

## Ishakiro
ISAHA

AKAMARO KI ISAHA yambara kukubokoisaha nigikoresho umuntu

AKAMAROKI SAHA

isaha yambarwa kuku boko

isaha ituma tumenyaigihe

AMOKO YI SAHA

isaha ya gashinge

isaha yi mibare

UKOTWABUNGA BUNGA ISAHA

ku yirinda amazi

ku yirinda izuba ryinshi cyane
Icungamutungo

## ICUNGAMUTUNGO

## [[Icungamutungo]] ni ikintu nk' abantu dukenera mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Icungamutungo ni uburyo bwo  kugenzura, gucunga, no gukoresha neza umutungo cyangwa ibikoresho mu buryo bw'umwuga cyangwa bwateguwe, kugira ngo bigerweho intego zitandukanye kandi bikoreshwe mu buryo bukwiye.
Rero mu buzima bwiki gihe bitewe naho iterambere rigeze abantu tubayeho ibintu byose dukeneye kandi dutunze dukeneye kubicunga "icungamutungo" rishobora kugaruka ku gucunga umutungo w'umuntu cyangwa ikigo, harimo kubika no kugenzura imari, ibikoresho, ndetse n'ibindi byangombwa, kugira ngo bifashe kugera ku ntego z'imari cyangwa z'ubucuruzi.

Mu Rwanda hari ishami ry' icungamutungo umuntu wifuza kumenya ibijyanye n' icungamutungo ntiyabura aho yabyigira.Mu nzego zitandukanye, icungamutungo rishobora gukoreshwa mu gucunga umutungo wa leta, wa sosiyete, cyangwa wa buri wese mu rwego rwo kumenya aho umutungo uherereye no gukoresha neza ibikenerwa byose mu gihe gikwiye.

### Akamaro k' icungamutungo
icungamutungo rifite akamaro kanini harimo:

1.Ridufasha mu gukoresha neza umutungo.

2.Kugira gahunda n' imikorere myiza.

3.Kubaka ubushobozi bwo kwikemurira ibibazo.

4.Guteza imbere ibikorwa by' iterambere.

5.Kwirinda ibibazo by' ubukungu n' ingaruka zabyo.

### Akamaro k' icungamutungo ku muntu wize iri shami.

# Byongera ubumenyi mu gucunga umutungo. 
# Bidufasha mu gufata imyanzuro myiza kandi y' umumaro.
# bidufasha mu myigire ndetse n' imitegurire y' ubucuruzi.
# Bidufasha kubaka umutungo w' umuryango.
# Amahirwe y' akazi kubantu bize icungamutungo.
Imyumati

IMYUMBATI; NI  IGIHINGA GITERAYE NKIKIJUMBA CYIKABA GIHEREREYE MUBITERA IMBARA

AKAMARO KIMYUMBATI

.imyumbati itera imbaraga

.imbati igabanya inzara mubaturage

.imyumbati irwanya isuri

UKO IMYUMBATI ITEYE

.umwumbati iyo ukera uri mubutaka hejuru habahari igiti kimeze nkisombe naho hasi hari umwumbati

AKAMARO KUMWUMBATI KUMWANA MUTO

.umwana muto aba akeneye imbaraga ngo akure imyumati imutera imwaraga noneho agakura

AHANTU HERA IMYUMBATI MURWANDA

.NYAGATARE /mutara/

.KARONGI

.NYAMASHEKE

AKANDI KAMARO KIMYUMBATI

.imyumbati iduha amafaranga
Isabune

ISABUNE

nigikoresho umuntu akoresha yoga cyangwa amesesha

AKAMARO KI SABUNE

# isabune bara yoga
# isabune bara yimesesha
# isabune bayogesha ibyombo

TUGIRA AMABARA YISABUNE

# isabune yu mweru
# isabune yu bururu
# isabune yi cyatsi

UKOTWA BUNGA BUNGA ISABUNE

# kwirinda kuyisiga mumazi
# kwirinda kuyisiga hanze
Umwumbati

UMYUMBATI;NI IGIHINGA GITEYE NKIKIJUMBA GITERA IMBARAGA

AKAMARO KIMYUMBATI

.ITERA IMBARAGA

.IDUHA AMAFARANGA

.IGABANYA UBUKENE
INDEGE

INDEGE;ni ikinyabiziga kigendera mukirere gikoresha benine

AKAMARO KINDEGE

.indege idufasha kuva ahantu hamwe turya ahandi

.indege iryana imizigo

.indege ivana ibicuruzwa ahantu hamwe ibiryana ahandi

.indege idufasha mu intambara

AMOKO YINDEGE

.INDEGE YINAMBARA

.INDEGE ITWARA IMIZIGO

.INDEGE ITWARA ABAGENZI

AKAMARO KINDEGE MU ITERAMBERE RYIGIHUGU

.indege idufasha kuvana ibicuruzwa mugihugu cyimwe ibiryana mukindi maze bigateza imbere igihugu

.indege ivana abantu mugihugu kimwe ibaryana mukindi maze bikubaka umubano mwiza wibihugu

AMAVUTA YINDEGE BAYITA (BENZINE)
Amaguru

AMAGURU;ni igice cyumubiri kidufasha kugenda giherereye hepfo yigihimba

AKAMARO KAMAGURU

.amaguru adufasha kugenda

.amaguru adufasha kwihuta

.amaguru adufasha kwiruka

AHANTU AMAGURU AHEREREYE

.amaguru aherereye hepfo yigihimba

ISUKU YAMAGURU

.kuyoza dukoresheje amazi meza nisabunegisagara

.kumutsa amaguru nyuma yokwoga

.gusiga amavuta amaguru
Indwara y'uruhara

Indwara y'uruhara ni indwara igaragara k'uruhu igafata igice cy'umutwe, aho usanga umusatsi uri igice kimwe ahandi warapfutse. kandi ishobora guterwa n'impamvu zitandukanye ,ariko bikaba binashoboka kurwirinda.

### Impamvu zishobora gutera indwara y'uruhara
**1.Imihindagurikire y'ikirere**: ubushyuhe, ubukonje cyangwa izuba bikabije bishobora gutera ibibazo k'uruhu harimo n'uruhara.

**2.Ubwandu**.:  Indwara nka bakteriya, virusi, cyangwa udukoko (fungus) bishobora kwangiza uruhu,bikaba byatera ibimenyetso nko kuvuvuka,kuribwa cyangwa kubora.

**3.Imirire mibi**: Kutarya indyo yuzuye cyangwa kugira intungamubiri nke nabyo bishobora kugira ingaruka ku ruhu.

**4.Imyitwarire mibi ku ruhu:** gukoresha ibirungo bihumanya cyangwa ibindi bintu bishobora kwangiza uruhu, nk'amavuta,isabune cyangwa ibindi bikoresho bikoreshwa k'uruhu.

**5.Indwara za gikoko**: Nka eczema, psoriasis cyangwa acne, aho uruhu rwibasirwa n’indwara ziterwa n’imyitwarire y’imikurire cyangwa ibyiza bidahuye n'uruhu.

**6.Ibibazo by'ubuzima bw'umubiri:** Ubundi burwayi, nk'uburwayi bw'amaraso, uburwayi bw'umutima cyangwa umunyu mu mubiri, nabyo bishobora gutera ibibazo ku ruhu harimo no kuzana uruhara.

#### Uko indwara y'uruhara ishobora kugaragara

* Kuribwa cyangwa kubora ku ruhu
* Kuvuvuka 
* Gukomera ku ruhu cyangwa kugira udusebe

##### UKO URUHARA RWAKIRINDWA
1. Guhora ukorera umusatsi isuku ihagije, wirinda indwara zishobora gufata umusatsi ziturutse ku isuku nke.

2. Kwirinda gukoresha ibisokozo cyangwa uburoso bikoreshwa n’abantu benshi.

3. Gukoresha amavuta akomeye nk’ahindura amabara y’umusatsi.

4. Kwirinda kwiyogoshesha umaraho umusatsi cyane.

5. Kurya indyo yuzuye kandi ikungahaye ku myunyu ngugu nka magnesium, calcium, fer na zinc bifasha cyane kumera k’umusatsi.

6. Kwirinda umunaniro ukabije, kuko ngo bituma umubiri ukora imisemburo myinshi cyane ya kigabo hanyuma bigatera uruhara.
Ikimuri

## "Ikimuri"ni ijambo risobanura amauta y'inka akaba aramavuta bakura mumata iyo bayacunda bakaba bayifashisha nk'umuti cyangwa bakayarya.
Ikimuri cyangwa se amavuta y'inka agira akamaro kenshi ndetse akungahaye no kuri vitamine nyinshi umubiri ukenera,urugero rwa vitamine isangwa mumavuta y'inka ikenerwa cyane n'umubiri w'umuntu twavuga ni vitamineA,iyi vitamine izwiho kugira akamaro gatandukanye nko kuba ifasha mu mikurire myiza y'amagufwa n'amenyo ,kugira uruhu rwiza no kurinda ubwandu butandukanye.                                                                                                                                                                          Ikindi iyi vitamine A igira uruhare mukurinda utunyangingo tw'umubiri(antioxidant),ndetse no kugira ubuzima bwiza bw'amaso ukanatuma umubiri ukora imisemburo ukeneye kurugero rwiza.

Mumavuta y'inka kandi habonekamo izindi vitamine nkaD,E na K.                                                                                                                                                                    Vitamine K iboneka mumavuta y'inka nizwi nka K2 iba mumavuta n'amata yinka yagaburiwe ubwatsi gusa, ifasha umubiri kuvugurura karisiyumu ziwurimo kuyibura mumubiri bitera indwara zitandukanye nk'izumutima,kanseri n'indwara yo kuribwa amagufwa no kumungwa kwayo.

**Akamaro k'ikimuri**

1.Ikimuri gifasha mukuringaniza ibinure mumubiri

2.Ikimuri ni isoko yimyunyu ngugu ifitiye umubiri wacu akamaro

3.Ikimuri kidufasha mukugira uruhu rwiza igihe wakisize

4.Ikimuri ni isoko ya vitamine zitandukanye umubiri wacu ukenera, urugero nka vitamine D,E,na K

5.Ikimuri cyangwa amavuta y'inka atuma ibiryo bihumura igihe  yakoreshejwe bateka ndetse yongera n'uburyohe bw'ibiryo.
Amaboko

AMABOKO ;ni igicye cyumubiri kidufasha gufata ibintu giherereye haruguru yigihimba 

AKAMARO KAMABOKO

.amaboko adufasha gufata ibntu

.amaboko adufasha guhinga

.amaboko adufasha guteka 

AHANTU AMABOKO AHEREREYE

.amabo aherereye ruguru yigihimba

ISUKU YAMABOKO

.koza amaboko ukoresheje amazi nisabune

.kuyumutsa  nyuma yokoga 

.kuyasiga amavuta
Umutwe

umutwe w'umuntu ni igice cy'umuntu giherereye ahagana hejuru,uhereye kugice cy'umuntu cyangwa ikindi kiremwa gifite umutwe kumutwe rero habaho nibindi bice bishamikiyeho nk'amaso,amazuru umunwa nibindi bice biboneka

## UMUTWE W'UMUNTU IBIWURANGA
**Umutwe w'umuntu** ushobora kurangwa n'ibintu bitandukanye, cyane cyane bijyanye n'ubuzima, imitekerereze, n'ubwenge. Dore bimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi byuranga umutwe w'umuntu:

# **Ubwonko**:
#* Ubwonko ni igice cy'ingenzi kiri mu mutwe, gifite uruhare mu gutekereza, gufata ibyemezo, kwibuka, ndetse no kugenzura imikorere y'umubiri.
#* **1.Ibimenyetso by'ubwonko bufite ikibazo**: Impinduka mu myitwarire, kubura ubushobozi bwo gutekereza neza, cyangwa kubura ubushobozi bwo kwibuka.
# **Amaso**:
#* Amaso ni ibice by'ingenzi by'umubiri bigira uruhare mu kubona no gutanga amakuru ku bidukikije. Kuri buri muntu, amaso ni urufunguzo rw'ubumenyi bwo kureba.
#* **Ibimenyetso by'amaso afite ikibazo**: Kutabona neza, kumva amaso arimo kubabara, cyangwa kugorana kubona ibintu neza mu mwijima.
# **Amatwi**:
#* Amatwi atuma umuntu yumva amajwi ndetse akaba ari ingenzi mu kumenya ibyo abantu bavuga no kumva ibiri kuba hafi.
#* **Ibimenyetso by'amatwi afite ikibazo**: Guhorana ikibazo cyo kumva, kumva urusaku cyangwa amajwi atariyo.
# **Amenyo**:
#* Amenyo nayo ni ibice by'ingenzi mu mutwe, akenshi yifashishwa mu kurya no kugabanya ibiryo.
#* **Ibimenyetso by'amenyo afite ikibazo**: Kubabara mu menyo, kubura amenyo, cyangwa kugira ikibazo cyo kubabara mu gihe ugerageza kurya ibintu bikomeye.
# **Ibirenge n'amatako**:
#* Ibi nabyo ni ibice by'umubiri biri hejuru kandi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y'umubiri igihe bibangamiwe.
#* **Ibimenyetso by'ibirenge n'amatako afite ikibazo**: Kubabara, kuribwa mu gihe wicaye cyangwa utambaye.
# **Imitekerereze**:
#* Uko umuntu atekereza ni kimwe mu byemezo by'umutwe. Imitekerereze ifite uruhare runini mu guhitamo no kugenzura ibitekerezo, imyitwarire, n'ibikorwa by'umuntu.
#* **Ibimenyetso by'imitekerereze idahagije**: Kuba ufite ibitekerezo bibi, kugira impungenge nyinshi, cyangwa kumva ko hari ibibazo by'umutwe.
ITARA

Ijambo **“itara”** ni ijambo rikoreshwa cyane mu Kinyarwanda, cyane cyane mu bijyanye n’urumuri n’itumanaho ry’amaso n’amatara. Dore amakuru arambuye kuri iri jambo:
----

### 💡 1. Ibisobanuro by’ijambo “itara”

* **Itara** ni igikoresho **gitanga urumuri**, kikaba gikoreshwa mu kwatsa cyangwa kumurika mu gihe cy’umwijima.
* Risobanura **icyuma cyangwa igikoresho gishyirwamo umuriro (nk’amashanyarazi, peteroli, umuriro w’amashanyarazi cyangwa batiri)**, kigatanga urumuri rwifashishwa mu kurwanya umwijima.

----

### 🔦 2. Ubwoko bw’amatara (Itara)

----

### 🕯 3. Itara mu mvugo nyir’izina n’iy’ikigereranyo

* **Mvugo nyir’izina**:
** *Urugero:* Nageze mu nzu nshyiramo **itara** kugira ngo ndebe neza.
* **Mvugo y’ikigereranyo**:
** *Urugero:* “Abarezi ni **amatara** y’igihugu” – bivuze ko barumurikira abandi, babaha ubumenyi.
** *Urundi rugero:* “Ijambo ry’Imana ni **itara** ry’ikirenge cyanjye” – risobanura ko ritanga icyerekezo mu buzima.

----

### 📚 4. Amagambo bifitanye isano na “itara”

----

### 📝 Mu ncamake:

----ITARA:itara ni igikoresho gikoresha umuriro wamashanyarazi kidufasha kureba

AKAMARO KITARA

.ikara idufasha kureba mu mwijima

.itara itanga urumuri

AMOKO YAMATARA

.amatara yimodoka

.amatara yomurugo

UKO TWAKORERA ISUKU AMATARA

.kuyarinda kuyashira mumazi

.kuyashira ahantu humutse

.kuyahanaguraho umwanda
Uburenganzira bwumwana

**UBURENGANZIRA** **BW'UMWANA**

uburenganzira bwumwana ni nshingano za buri murezi wese yaba umwarimu,umuyobozi,umubyeyi agomba kumenya neza niba umwana uburenganzira bwe bukurikizwa muburyo ubwo ari bwo bwose.

**ZIMWE MU NGERO ZUBURENGANZIRA BW'UMWANA NI:**

1,umwana agomba kwiga ,bisobanuyeko umwana afite uburenganzira bwo kwiga guhera amashuri abanza kugeza arangije,kandi buri mubyeyi aba afite inshingano  zo kumenya neza nimba umwana yiga neza.

2,umwana afite uburenganzira bwo kurya ,umwana agomba kurya bitewe nubushobozi bw'iwabo gusa umubyeyi akamenya neza nimba koko yabibonye.

hari nizindi ngero zuburenganzira bwumwana 

.kuryama

.gukina 

ndetse nibindi byinshi.

umwana wese murwanda ashakirwa ubwishingizi bwo kwivuza hakurikijwe amategeko abigenga hano mu rwanda.

kandi mugihe hagaragaye ahantu hatubahirizwa uburenganzira bw'umwana hakurikiranwa ni nzego zibishinzwe kandi zigahana abata bwubahiriza.
INKWETO

INKWETO nigikoresho umuntu akenera kugira ngo acyambare gihishe ibirenge bye cyangwa kimufashe kugenda nagihutaza.

INGERO ZI NKWETO

# kamambiri
# fashoni
# bote za bahinzi
# boda boda

AKAMARO KI NKWETO

# inkweyo tuzambara kugirango ziturinde gusitara
# inkweto tuzambara kugirango ziturinde kuvunika amano

UBURYO TWABUNGA BUNGA INKWETO 

# kuzirinda kuzihoza mumazi
# kuzirinda kuzikinisha mu mvura
# kwirinda kuzambara zitagukwira

AHOTWASANGA INKWETO

# kumasoko
# kumaduka
# nokuri supamaketi
UBUGENGE

UBUGENGE:NI ISOMO RYIGA KUMBARAGA KAREMANO ZISI MURURIMI RWICYONGEREZA BABYITA (PHYSICS)

AKAMARO KUBUGENGE

.ubugenge budufasha gusobanukirwa imbaraga karemano

.ubugenge budufasha mu ikoranabuhanga

.ubugenge budufasha kubona akazi

.ubugenge buduha amafaranga

.ubugenge bukanura abana mumutwe
URWANDA

URWANDA  

urwanda ni igihugu ki imisozi igihumbi kirimo ibirunga n'inzuzi kandi byiza akandi bifasha urwanda mu kwiteza imbere

INGERO Z'IBIRUNGA BYO MU RWANDA

* Kalisimbi
* Muhabura
* Bisoke
* Sabyinyo

INGERO Z'IBIYAGA YO MU RWANDA

* Lake kivu 
* Lake muhazi
* Lake muhondo
* Lake kivu

INGERO Z'IMIGEZI YO MU RWANDA

* Nyabarongo river
* Akagera river

AKAMARO KIBI BIKURIKIRA

# Bifasha igihugu gutera imbere
# bifasha abanyeshuri kwiga
Uko wakwita k'umusatsi

Umusatsi ni igice cy'umubiri w'umuntu dusanga k'umutwe.Umusatsi akenshi ukunze gutungwa n'abagore.

### Uko wakita k'umusatsi
Ushobora kwita k'umusatsi wawe ukoresheje avoka.Dore uko bikorwa:Ufata avoka imwe ukayitonora warangiza ukayivanga

mu ibiyiko bibiri(2) by'ubuki bikamera nk'igikoma gifashe,warangiza ukabisiga m'umusatsi uhereye ku imerero ryawo.

Iyo usoje utegereza iminota makumyabiri ukabona koga mo.Nyuma yokoga uba ubona umusatsi usa n'utoshye  muri make

uba wabaye mushya.Ubundi buryo twakoresha ni ugukaraba m'umusatsi kenshi gashoboka kandi ugasigamo amavuta yizewe.
Ibinyabitabire

IBINYABUTABIRE:ni isomo ryiga kubintu biryanye nibintu biturika ndetse nibintu bibi gize mururimirwicyongereza babyita (chemistry)

AKAMARO KOKWIGA IBINYABUTABIRE

.BIDUFSHSA GUKORA IBITURIKA

.BITANGA AKAZI

.BIDUFASHA GUSOBANUKIRWA LABARATWARI

IBIGIZE UBUGENGE

.ibiturika

.labaratwari
Imbata

IMBATA:ni imwe mu bwoko bwinyoni bwororerwa murugo

AKAMARO KIMBATA

.imbata ziduha imyama

.imbata ziduha amagi

.imbata ziduha amafaranga

.imbata zigabanya imirire mibi
Gushya kwa Los Angeles

## GUSHYA KWA LOS ANGELES
Tariki 7/01/2025 nibwo inkonjyi iteye ubwoba yatatse agace gatuwe nabenshi Los Angeles,

ni mjuri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika iyi nkonjyi kuva yatangira yahise yangiza 

ubutaka busaga  kilometero 161.87 ndeste yangiza ibikorwa bisaga 12,300.

ubu muri uku kwa kabiri imaze kwangiza kilometero 57,000  ndeste yangije ibikorwa bisaga

17,700.

bivugwako yatewe n'amagambo yavuzwe nu mu MC wigitaramo cyari cyahuriyemo 

abaturage benshi hagamijwe gushimira abantu cyane cyane bavufashije bakakuba hafi mu 

mwaka wa 2024.

uwo mu MC we rero yavuzeko ikintu cyamushimishije nuko Imana muba shimiwe 

ntayagaragayemo icyo nicyo cyatumwe nyuma y'igihe gito hahita hatera inkonjyi 

y'umuriro itewe n'umuyaga mwinshi cyane.

Abashinzwe ibyo kuzima umuriro bazwi nka fire fighters mu rurimi rw'icyongereza

bari kugera geza gukora bashoboye kujyirango bahagarike uko gushya kuri kwiyongera 

bikabije. gusa hari ahakiri gushya mugihe bakiri kuzimya.

Iyi miriro yagize ingaruka zikomeye ku baturage.

Uduce twibasiwe n’iyi miriro ni uturere **twegeranye n’[[amashyamba]]** aho ibikorwa by’iterambere

ry’imijyi bihurira n’ubutaka butarubakwaho, bikabituma byorohera cyane kwibasirwa n’inkongi z’imiriro.

Mu rwego rwo kugoboka abahuye n’iki cyago, **[[American Red Cross]]** iri gutanga 

ubufasha ndetse no gutuza abakuwe mu byabo. Niba warategetswe guhunga, 

hari amahirwe yo kubona ubufasha abigenewe.

Uburyo ibintu bihagaze buracyahindagurika, kuko hakomeje ibikorwa byo kuzimya 

imiriro no gufasha abaturage. Abaturage barasabwa gukomeza gukurikira amakuru y’ingenzi 

atangazwa n’inzego zibishinzwe no kugendera ku mabwiriza y’umutekano.
Imibonano mpuzabitsina

**Imibonano mpuzabitsina** niyo miterere y'ibinyabuzima igena niba ibinyabuzima byororoka byimibonano mpuza bitsina Bitanga umukino w' Umugabo cyangwa w'umugore Mugihe cyimyororokere y'imibonano mpuzabitsina. Igitsina gabo nigitsina gore bikora zygote ikura ikabyara izungura imico kuri buri mubyeyi. Mubisanzwe, ibinyabuzima bitanga udukino duto, twinshi twimuka (intanga) byitwa *igitsina gabo*, mugihe ibinyabuzima bitanga imikino nini, itagendanwa ( selile) byitwa *igitsina gore* .https://web.archive.org/web/20250216222822/https://kura.rw/rw/ni-ibiki-bishobora-gutera-umukobwa-kubabara-nyuma-yimibonano-mpuzabitsina/
Akuma ko kwandika.

**Akuma ko kwandika (Keyboard)** ni **igikoresho cyo kwinjiza amakuru** (input device) gikoreshwa mu kwandika inyuguti, imibare, n’amabwiriza (commands) muri mudasobwa cyangwa ibindi bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga. Kigizwe n’udufunguzo (keys) dutandukanye harimo:

# **Udufunguzo tw’inyuguti (A–Z):** Dukoreshejwe mu kwandika inyuguti.
# **Udufunguzo tw’imibare (0–9):** Dukoreshejwe mu kwandika imibare.
# **Udufunguzo tw’imirimo (F1–F12):** Dukora imirimo idasanzwe bitewe na porogaramu ukoresha.
# **Udufunguzo dufasha (Ctrl, Alt, Shift, n’utundi):** Dukorana n’utundi dufunguzo mu gukora ibisabwa (shortcuts).
# **Udufunguzo tw’iyobora (Arrow keys, Home, End, Page Up, Page Down):** Dukoresha mu kwimura akambi (cursor) cyangwa guhindura aho uri.
# **Udufunguzo twihariye (Enter, Spacebar, Backspace, Delete, Esc):** Dukora imirimo yihariye.
# **Udufunguzo dufasha imikorere (Modifier keys):** Nko **Shift**, **Ctrl**, na **Alt**, dukorana n’utundi dufunguzo kugira ngo twongere imikorere.

## Kwinjiza inyandiko

* Akuma ko Kwandika,ni igice Cy'imyandikire
* Akuma ko Kwandika ka  mudasobwa.
** Imiterere y' akuma ko kwandika, ka dufasha kwinjiza inintu muri mudasobwa.
** Tekinorojo y' akuma ko kwandika,Akuma ko kwandika ka mudasobwa na softyware.
Amataratara

Amataratara ni ibice bibiri by'ishusho bifite amaso zifasha gukosora uko ubona. Atanga imikorere myiza ndetse n’uburanga, bigatuma ubona neza kandi ukagaragara neza.

## Amataratara  ageze aho gukoreshwa mu mibonano mpuzabitsina
Umunyeshuri w'Umunya-Liban, yakoze application ikoreshwa mu mataratara ya Google, Kuburyo abayambaye bazajya bakora imibonano mpuzabitsina bifata amashusho (video) bakaza kuyareba nyuma muburyo buri umwe wese mu baryamanye yabonagamo ibintu mugihe byakorwaga.

## references