open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
I Buhanga kwa Gihanga

## Intangiriro

I Buhanga kwa Gihanga ni agace nyaburanga kandi gakorerwamo ubukerarugendo gaherereye mu Kagari ka Bukora, Umurenge wa Nkotsi ho mu karere ka Musanze aka gace kakaba kabumbatiye ibintu byinshi byarangaga umuhango wo kwimika Abami mu Rwanda rwo hambere.

## Ishyamba

Ukimara kwinjira muri aka gace kagizwe ahanini n’ishyamba, utungurwa n’umutuzo udasanzwe uhagaragara ndetse n’ibiti byo mubwoko butandukanye budakunze kugaragara hirya no hino mu Rwanda. Hirya y’amoko atandukanye y’ibiti hamwe n’umutuzo urangwa muri kariya gace, unahabona ibimenyetso byifashishwaga mu kwimika abami mu myaka yatambutse ukabasha kubisobanukirwa ubifashijwemo n’umukozi w’ikigo cy’igihugu cy’iterambere (RDB) uhakorera buri munsi.

## '''Igiti cy’inyabutatu y’Abanyarwanda'''
Ishyamba rya Buhanga rigaragaragaramo amoko menshi atandukanye y’ibiti gusa igifite amateka akomeye ni icyitwa ‘Igiti cy’inyabutatu y’abanyarwanda’. Iki giti iyo utacyitegereje neza ubona ari kimwe mu gihe nyamara cyigizwe n’amoko atatu atandukanye y’ibiti ariko bifatanye byose mu buryo witegereza bukakuyobera.  agira ati “Nk’uko ubibona ushobora gutekereza ko iki ari igiti kimwe, ariko ni ibiti bitatu bigizwe n’umuvumu, icya kabiri ni Umusando naho icya gatatu ni Igihondohondo.” Iki giti haba hari igisobanuro cyihariye gifite mu mateka y’Abanyarwanda? Mu gusubiza icyo kibazo muzehe Hategekimana agira ati “Iki giti kivuze byinshi ku mateka y’Abanyarwanda kuko iyi nyabutatu ni amako atatu yuzuzanyaga y’Abanyarwanda abazungu bataraza ngo bayatanye.

## '''Iriba rya Nkotsi na Bikara'''
Iriba rya Nkotsi na Bikara ryafatwaga nk’Icyuhagiro cy’umwahi; aha ngo umwami yashyirwaga muri iryo riba maze akogeshwa amazi ‘azira inenge’ arigize hagamijwe kumurinda abanzi bashoboraga kumutera. *mwami nyuma yo kozwa, yagombaga guhita ayobora inama yamuhuzaga n’abagaragu be bakuru, iyo nama yabaga irimo n’Abiru maze akababwira imigabo n’imigambi afite mu gihe cy’ubutetsi bwe*.” Ku rundi ruhande amakuru atangwa n’abaturage baturiye ririya riba ahuriza ku kuritangarira ibintu bahuza no kuba amazi yaryo ngo adashobora gukama bakaba kandi ngo batangazwa no kuba amazi yaryo aba menshi mu gihe cy’izuba ryinshi noneho mu gihe cy’imvura nyinshi bwo akagabanuka.

## '''Inzu y’umwami'''
Inzu y’umwami ni kimwe mu byari bigize agace ka Buhanga gusa magingo aya ntabwo yo igihari, mu gusobanura iby’iyo nzu Hategekimana avuga ko “Yari inzu imanitse hagati y’ibiti bibiri binini.” Akomeza agira ati “ *Yari inzu ya Kinyarwanda isakaje ibyatsi, ntiyigeze isenywa ahubwo yageze aho irahanuka. Buri wese wajyaga kuba umwami yagombaga kwinjira muri iyo nzu agahabwa imigisha n’Abiru(Abagaragu b’umwami), akaba ari imihango yakorwaga mbere y’uko umwami yima ingoma*.” Yongeraho ati “ *Iyo nzu yari ifite ibyumba bitatu; kimwe cyicarwagamo n’umwami, icyo yabikagamo ibye n’icyo abamusuraga bamutegererezagamo; iki cyumba kandi ni nacyo Abiru bicaragamo bari mu migenzo yabo*.” Hategekimana asobanura ko imihango yo kwimika umwami yamaraga igihe, ngo muri iyo mihango umwami yahabwaga imitsindo ikozwe mu ruvangitirane rw’ibyatsi maze akayinywa kugira ngo ‘imurinde’ abanzi mu gihe ari ku ngoma.

## Amashakiro
Imyuzure muri Mutarama 2013 mu Amajyepfo y’uburasirazuba bw’Amerika

Muri **Mutarama 2013 Umwuzure wo mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bw’Amerika** wabaye kuva ku ya 14 kugeza ku ya 17 Mutarama, bituma havamo isuri ndetse unatwara  imisozi ya Apalachian yo mu majyepfo.    Umwuzure umaze kwiyongera, imihanda 50 yatangaje ko idashoboka ku genderwamo mu Ntara ya Greene, muri Tennesse yonyine.  Sisitemu nkiyi yazanye imvura nyinshi y'umwuzure mu karere kuva 27 kugeza 31 Mutarama 

## Gufunga inzira ya Amerika 441
Kubera imvura nyinshi, inkangu yaguye ku ya 16 Mutarama yatwaye igice cya metero 200 z'umuhanda wa Amerika 441 (uzwi ku izina rya "Newfound Gap Road") muri Parike Nkuru y’imisozi miremire ya Smoky muri Caroline y'Amajyaruguru .  Umuhanda wambukiranya icyuho cya Newfound ku murongo wa leta ya Tennessee, wafunzwe kugeza ku ya 15 Mata.     

## Reba kandi

* Imyuzure mu Amajyepfo y’amajyarugu y’Amerika mu wa 2009 , yateje amabuye manini mu majyepfo ya Appalachians
* Nyakanga 2013 Umwuzure wo mu majyepfo y'amajyarugu y’Amerika

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Raporo ya videwo k'umuhanda wa Newfound Gap Umuhanda, kuva Knoxville Amakuru Sentinel
* Raporo ya videwo k'umuhanda wa Newfound Gap Umuhanda, kuva WLOS-TV Asheville
* Raporo ya videwo k'umuhanda wa Newfound Gap, kuva muri Asheville Citizen-Times
* Raporo ya videwo k'umurimo wo gusana umuhanda wa Newfound Gap, kuva WLOS
* Raporo ya videwo ku gufungura umuhanda wa Newfound Gap, kuva WLOS
* Raporo ya videwo ku mwuzure wabereye mu Ntara ya Johnson, muri Tennesse, uhereye ku makuru yaho WYMT-TV
* Amashusho yikinamico yumwuzure ningaruka zayo mukarere ka Johnson, muri Tennesse

## Amashakiro
Kamena 2007 Umwuzure wa Texas

Muri **Kamena 2007 umwuzure wa Texas** wabaye nyuma y’imvura nyinshi yibasiye ikibaya cy’amajyepfo ya Amerika. Ubushuhe buva mu kigobe cya Mexico bwatembaga mu majyaruguru bukora sisitemu yo kugenda-buhoro imbere. Hafi ya milimetero 200 (santimetero 8) z'imvura yaguye mu majyaruguru ya Texas, havugwa ko hapfuye abantu 2 batewe n'umwuzure.  

## Amateka k'Ubumenyi bw'ikirere
Hagati muri Kamena, ubushuhe bwaturutse mu kigobe cya Mexico bwatembye mu majyaruguru bituma habaho kugenda buhoro buhoro bitera imvura nyinshi mu majyepfo ya Amerika. Hafi ya milimetero 200 (santimetero 8) z'imvura yibasiye amajyaruguru ya Texas. Imvura yaguye kumugezi no mu biyaga byabyimbye ndetse nubutaka butose butera umwuzure mwinshi mu bice bya majyaruguru ya Texas. Isumo rya Marble, kamwe mu turere twibasiwe cyane, kakiriye santimetero 18 (460&nbsp;mm) y'imvura mugihe cy'amasaha atandatu. Amazi y’ikiyaga cya Marble n’ikiyaga cya Travis yari afite santimetero 19 z’imvura. 

## Ibyangiritse
Hapfuye impfu 2 ziterwa n’umwuzure kandi amazu agera kuri 300 yategetswe kwimuka. Ikigereranyo cy’ibyangijwe n’amafaranga yatwawe n’umuyaga arenga miliyoni 50. Hatanzwe imiburo 156 mu ukwezi kose, nkuko byari bigenwe.

## Reba kandi

* Umwuzure wa Texas - Oklahoma mu wa 2015

## Amashakiro

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Umwuzure W'impeshyi '07 Ifoto Yerekana - KXAN
* Umwuzure W'impeshyi '07 Ifoto Yerekana 2 - KXAN
* Urwego rw'ikiyaga ruzamuka muri Texas yo hagati - KVUE
* Abatuye Isumo rya Marble Batangiye Isuku - URUKINGO
* Ikirere Cyangiza Ifoto Yerekana - KTBC
* Ingabo zigihugu mu rugendo rwo guhangana n’umwuzure - Amakuru 8 Austin
* Hagati ya Texas yuzuye imvura nyinshi - Houston Chronicle
* Nta gutabarwa guteganijwe kuva Texas, Oklahoma imvura - MSNBC
* Imvura ikomeje kwibasira Texas yuzuye - Associated Press
* Urutonde rwa Youtube - Kamena 2007 Umwuzure
* Umwuzure muri Texas na Oklahoma - NASA Observatory
Uruganda rukora ibikoresho mu migano

***Mu Rwanda hagiye kubakwa uruganda ruzajya rukora ibikoresho byinshi mu migano, uru ruganda rukaba ruzakora  ibikoresho birimo impapurozo kwandikwaho zikozwe mu migabo, ibikoresho bikozwe mu mpapuro byo gupfunyikwamo,impapuro zo mu bwiherero hamwe n’ibindi bikoresho byo munzu bitandukanye harimo ibitanda, utubati, intebe n’ibindi.***

## Imiterere
Ni umushinga wo kubaka uruganda uzakorwa na Kampani y’Abashinwa yitwa “East Africa Bamboo Forestry Company Ltd”. Mu rwego rwo kutazabura ibyo bakoresha iyi Kampani itaka yatangije gahunda yo gutera imigano mu Rwanda, izabasha kwifashisha mu gukora ibyo bikoresho.

Iyi gahunda yo gutera imigano ikaba iteganijwe guterwa mu turere dutandatu,ku buso bwa hegitari 2,129. Bakaba bateganya gutara imigano ingana na miliyoni eshatu, ikaba izunganira iyari isanzwe iteye mu Rwanda ifite ibara ry’umuhondo yitwa “AlundinariaAlpina”.

Uyu mushinga wo gutera iyi migano ukaba waratangirijwe mu Karere ka Bugesera mu Murenge wa Musenyi , ahatewe iyi migano y’ubwoko bushya ku nkengero z’ikiyaga cya Cyohoha, mu bwoko bwatewe hari iyavuye mu Bushinwa aho yanatewe muri Pariki ya Nyandungu izifashishwa nk’uruzitiro, ariko izabyazwa n’umusaruro.

## Intego
Nshimiyimana Sypridio Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Agateganyo w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Amashyamba avuga ko ari imwe mu mpamvu iyi Kampani yahawe inkengero z’ibiyaga byo mu Rwanda kugira ngo ihatere imigano izabasha kwifashisha ikora ibyo bikoresho.

Uretse kandi gutera iyo migano izifashishwa mu gukora ibyo bikoresho, iyi migano izanagira uruhare mu kubungabunga ibidukikije, guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe ndetse no kurwanya isuri.

CG. Emmanuel Gasana Umuyobozi w’Intara y’Iburasirazuba avuga ko biteguye gufatanya niyi Kampani ya “East Africa Bamboo Forestry Industry Ltd” kandi abwira abaturage kubungabunga iyi migano kugira ngo izatange umusaruro ushimishije.

## Ibindi
Uyu mushinga mugari, harimo gutera iyi migano no kubaka uruganda ndetse no gutangira gutunganya ibikoresho bitandukanye, uzatwara amafaranga y’u Rwanda asaga miliyari 300.

## Reba
Uruhare rw'ibinyabuzima byo mu gasozi

***Iyo havuzwe ibinyabuzima byo mu gasozi hagaragaramo inyamaswa,ibimera byo mu gasozi, ibinyabuzima bitabonwa n’amaso ibice byabyo cyangwa ibibikomokaho biba mu ndiri yabyo byaba ibiherereye ku butaka cyangwa mu mazi, bemeza ko ibi binyabuzima byose bigira uruhare rukomeye mu mibereho ya Muntu, nkuko bishyirwaho n’Itegeko no 064/2021 ryo kuwa 14/10/2021 rigenga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima.***

## Akamaro

Ibimera bitanga umwuka mwiza duhumeka bikavamo amafunguro ya buri munsi, haba ku bantu ndetse no kunyamaswa. Ku rundi ruhande ibi binyabuzima iyo bibungabunzwe neza bigira uruhare mu iterambere ry’ubukungu, kuko biteza imbere urwego rw’ubukerarugendo igihugu kikinjiza amadevize, kuko kuva muri 2014 isi yatangiye kwizihiza umunsi mpuzamahanga w’ibinyabuzima byo mu gasozi, aho abatuye isi bahamagarirwa kurushaho kwita no kubungabunga ibi binyabuzima bazirikana akamaro bifite mu buzima bwa Muntu.

Akamaro k’ibizima byo mu gasozi kagaragara mu Rwanda kuko imibare y’Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere ( RDB), igaragaza ko muri 2017 ubukerarugendo bw’u Rwanda bwinjije miliyoni zigera kuri 438 z’amadolari, avuye kuri miliyoni 227 z’amadolari ya Amerika bwinjije muri 2011.

Akaba ari umusaruro ushingiye ku gusura ahanini Parike, kandi Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Iterambere (RDB) giteganya ko mu mwaka wa 2024, amafaranga ava mu bukerarugendo bw’u Rwanda azazamuka akagera kuri miliyoni 800 z’amadolari ya Amerika.

## Imbogamizi

Ibi binyabuzima bikomeje kototerwa n’ibikorwa bya Muntu, ba Rushimusi bahiga ndetse bakica inyamaswa mu buryo bunyaranije n’amategeko, abangiza ibimera na babikoresha mu buryo butemewe, ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe, Ibiza, inkongi z’umuriro hamwe n’ibindi.

## Ingamba
Bityo iri tegeko twabonye hejuru ryo kuwa 14/10/2021 rigenga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima riteganya ibihano kuwabyototera wese, Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije (REMA),gishyira imbaraga mu bukangurambaga no kwigisha abaturage, kugira ngo birinde kugwa muri ibyo bihano, kandi bakumva ko urwo rusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byo ku gasozi bidufitiye akamaro kacu ka buri munsi.

## Reba
Igihugu kiri kwitegura ko gishobora gusibama ku isi

***Tuvalu igizwe n’ibirwa icyenda bitoya biri muri 4,000 Km uvuye muri Australia. Ibihugu bituranyi bya hafi ni Kiribati, Samoa na Fidji. N’uburyo bigoye gutekereza ko aho hantu hashobora kuva ku butaka bw’isi burundu. Bisa n’ibidashoboka.***

Gusa ku baturage benshi mu birwa bimwe na bimwe, ubwo bwoba ni impamo.Kuzamuka kw’urugero rw’inyanja kubera ihindagurika ry’ikirere riri gutuma ubutaka burengerwa bakanabura amazi meza.

Kimwe na Kiribati na Maldives, Tuvalu nayo ni igihugu kigiye kugerwaho by’umwihariko n’ingaruka zo gushyuha kw’isi.Ibice bimwe by’ibi bihugu biri ku butaka bufite ishusho y’impeta ifunze cyangwa y’igice y’ubutaka bukikije ikizenga cy’amazi.

Tuvalu yagiye kandi yugarizwa n’inkubi z’imiyaga ikaze mu bihe by’ubushyuhe, nk’uko Kofe abivuga. Ubushyuhe bwangije ubworozi bw’amafi muri iki kirwa.Ariko hari ikindi kibazo gikomeye, ingaruka z’amazi y’inyanja ku mazi meza.

## Imbogamizi
Ibihugu by’ibirwa nka Tuvalu bimaze imyaka irenga 30 bisaba ko ku isi hafatwa ingamba zihamye mu kurwanya kwangiza ikirere.

Mu 1990, ibi bihugu biri mu nyanja ya Pasifika hamwe n’ibindi birwa bya Karayibe n’ibyo mu nyanja y’Ubuhinde nka Maldives, byakoze ihuriro ngo bigire ingufu z’ijambo mu kurwanya ihindagurika ry’ibihe.

Ihuriro ry’ibi bihugu bitoya ryiswe AOSIS, ubu ririmo ibihugu 39 kandi ryagize uruhare mu kwereka isi n’ibihugu bikize ingaruka z’ihindagurika ry’ibihe.

Ibi bihugu bisaba ko byishyurwa ibyangiritse, ndetse byasabye ko iyo ngingo ishyirwa mu masezerano ya Paris yo mu 2015.

Mu nama ya COP26 iheruka, umukuru wa AOSIS, Gaston Browne, minisitiri w’intebe w’ibirwa bya Antigua-na-Barbuda, yibukije ko “*Ibi bihugu bitoya by’ibirwa bitanga munsi ya 1% gusa ku byuka bihumanya ikirere*.”

## Abahanga babivugaho iki?
Itsinda mpuzabihugu ry’abahanga mu by’ikirere rya ONU/UN ryiswe GIEC muri raporo yaryo yasohotse mu kwezi kwa munani rivuga ko urugero rw’inyanja rwazamutse inshuro eshatu ku rwego rw’isi hagati ya 1901 na 2018, ni urugero rwa 3,7mm ku mwaka.”*Ariko ibintu ni bibi cyane ku birwa bya Pasifika*“.

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2018 n’abahanga bo muri Amerika no mu Buholandi buvuga ko “Igice kinini cy’ibi birwa ntikizaba kigiturwa hagati muri iki kinyejena”.

Impamvu ni ukwiyongera kw’inyanja kuzatera kurengerwa kw’ubutaka.

## Reba
Ibibazo abaturiye ikiyaga cya Karago bafite kiri gukama

***Ikiyaga cya Karago kiri gukama ku muvuduko uteye impungenge n’igihombo ku bagituriye nk’uko babivuga.''' '''Uku gukama kwatewe n’imvura idasanzwe yaguye mu ntangiriro z’uyu mwaka.***

Iki kiyaga kiri hagati y’imisozi ihanamye mu majyaruguru ashyira uburengerazuba bw’u Rwanda, ukigezeho ubona igice kinini biboneka ko ari aho cyageraga ariko ubu hakamye.

Imihindagurikire y’ikirere itera imvura zidasanzwe n’izuba rikabije bigira ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije n’ubuzima bw’abatuye isi kurusha ikindi gihe cyose mbere, nk’uko raporo nshya ya ONU/UN ibivuga.

Imigezi ya Nyamukongoro na Busoro isanzwe yisuka muri Karago yamanuye isuri ikabije ituma igice cy’iki kiyaga gikama, nk’uko Jean Pierre Hategekimana ugituriye abivuga.

Ibi si ubwa mbere bibaye, mu myaka 13 ishize abaturiye Karago iri ku buso bwa hegitari 118 bavuga ko yigeze gukama ikagera kuri 98 hegitari.

Ariko muri uyu mwaka gukama byarihuse kandi ku buso bunini. Abari batunzwe n’uburobyi muri Karago bavuga ko ibi bitagishoboka.

## Reba
US yashyizeho ingamba ku myotsi isohorwa n’indege

*Kuri tariki ya 9 Ugushyingo 2021 umunyamabanga wo gutwara ibintu n’abantu muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika Pete Buttigieg bashyizweho ingamba zo kuba kugabanya imyotsi y’indege muri 2050.*

White House yatangaje mu kwezi kwa Nzeri ko ifite ingamba zo kugabanya imyotsi y’indege ku kigero cya 20% muri 2030, nkabatwara abantu mu kirere bari kugitutu cyo kwangiza ibidukikije cyo kugabanya imyuka basohora bakoresha uburyo bushya bwo gukoresha amavuta atangiza ikirere (SAF)

## Ingamba
Perezida Joe Biden yari yatangaje ko bafite ingamba zo gushyira muri Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika uburyo bwo kugabanya ibyo byotsi muri 2050.

Nkuko bitangazwa na Reuters mu nama irimo kuvuga ku mihindagurikire iri kubera Glasgow Buttigieg uhagarariye Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu ihuriro ry’ibihugu riyobowe n’Ubwongereza yatangaje ko impuzamashyirahamwe y’iby’indege  ihangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.

Ingamba za US zo gusigarana zero z’imyuka yoherezwa n’indege muri 2050 byashyigikiwe Ubuyobozi bw’impuzamashyirahamwe y’iby’indege (FAA).

Byongeye kandi hatunganywe amavuta atwara indege, indege nshya zikoranywe ikoranabuhanga zirakenewe kugira ngo ibyo twifuza kugeraho byubahirizwe ndetse no kugabanya imyotsi ku b’ibuga by’indege nkuko bitangazwa na FAA.

Mu kwezi kwa Gatatu, Indege zo muri Amerika, amatsinda y’inganda yari ahagarariwe na Delta Air Lines(DAL.N), united  Airlines, American Airlines (AAL.O) hamwe n’izindi biyemeje bafatanije na Guverinoma kuba bageze kuri zero y’imyotsi bohereza muri 2050.

## Ibindi
Mu nteko rusange y’Ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga yo gutwara abantu mu ndege (IATA), yabereye I Boston muri USA tariki ya 4 Ukwakira 2021 mu myanzuro yafashwe n’abanyamuryango babo nuko bihaye ingamba zo kugabanya ibyotsi bikaba byashyizwe mu bikorwa muri 2050, aya masezerano yo gutwara abantu mu kirere azubahiriza intego z’amasezerano ya Paris azagabanya ubushyuhe kugera ku kigero cya 1.50 C.

## Reba
Akamaro kibiti biterwa ku mihanda

***Usibye kurimbisha imihanda iterwaho ku mpande ndetse no hagati ibiti n’indabyo, ibi ni bimwe mu bituma imyotsi isohorwa n’ibinyabiziga ifatwa nibyo biti ahubwo bigatanga umwuka mwiza abantu bahumeka.***

Abantu batuye mu mijyi nubwo bakwiyongera nta mpungenge zuko ibinyabiziga byakwangiza ibidukikije, nkuko bitangazwa n’inzego z’ubuyobzi ziri mu mijyi, kandi hashyizweho uburyo bwo gukorana n’abikorera kugira ngo bavane imyanda mungo itanyanyagizwa ahabonetse hose bityo yanduze imijyi ndetse n’ibidukikije.

## Akamaro
Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Rubavu Bwana Habyarimana Girbert aravuga uburyo iyi myanda ibyazwamo ibindi ubu ikaba yarabaye imali kubayikura mu ngo kuko ibyazwamo ibyo gucana ndetse ikaba yarabaye igisubizo cyo kurengera ibidukikije.

Agira ati “*Kubera isuku ndetse n’ibiti biteye iruhande rw’imihanda hamwe no hagati ubu Akarere kacu gasigaye gatuwe cyane kandi biterwa nuko hari amahirwe yo  guhumeka umwuka mwiza uhagaragara, ariko ibyo byose nuko twita ku bidukikije kandi nibihari tukabibungabunga aho bitari tukaba tugomba kubyongeraho, ubu twashyizeho gahunda yuko buri muturage agomba gutera ibiti ndetse no kubungabunga inkengero z’amazi*”.

Gushyiraho izi ngamba zo kubungabunga ibidukikije byanabaye uburyo bwo guhanga imirimo, kubabyaza imyanda yo mungo ibindi bikoresho nkenerwa mu buzima bwa buri munsi, akaba ari umusaruro wimwe mu ntego nyamukuru wo gushyiraho iriya mijyi yunganira Kigali, kuko babona akazi hafi yabo bakiteza imbere batagombye kujya gushakira ahandi.

## Ubushakashatsi
Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe imicungire n’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka kigaragaza ko umubare w’abaturage b’u Rwanda  biyongora ku kigero cya 2,4%, ibi bituma u Rwanda ruza mu bihugu  byo ku mugabane w’Afurika bifite umuvuduko uru hejuru mu kwiyongera kw’abaturage bikomeje gutya u Rwanda rwazaba rutuwe n’abaturage miliyoni 22 mu mwaka wa 2050, ruvuye kuri miliyoni zikabakaba 13 rufite kugeza ubu.

Nkuko bigaragazwa n’imibare ya Minisiteri y’igenamimbi muri izo miliyoni 22 z’abazaba batuye u Rwanda, miliyoni 5 nizo biteganijwe ko zizaba zituye muri Kigali, ariko abantu nibakomeza gahunda yo guteza imbere imijyi yunganira Kigali, Umujyi wa Kigali ntabwo 

muri iyo myaka uzarenza abawutuye miliyoni 4.

## Reba
Gahunda zose ziterambere zigomba kugendana no kubungabunga ibidukikije

***Ikigo gishinzwe imicungire n’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka mu Rwanda gitangaza ko abaturage batuye mu Mijyi babarirwa ku mpuzandengo ya 18,4%, inzego za Leta zigaragaza ko iyo mibare ikomeza kwiyongera kubera ko umubare munini w’abatuye mu bice by’icyaro bagana Imijyi bagiye gushakayo imirimo.***

## Ingamba
Mu rwego rwo kugabanya abava mu cyaro bagana Imijyi, mu mwaka wa 2013 Leta y’ u Rwanda yatangije gahunda yo guteza imbere Imijyi yunganira Umujyi wa Kigali, ni Umujyi wa Musanze,Rubavu,Nyagatare,Huye , Muhanga na Rusizi.

Iyi mijyi igenda ishyirwamo ibikorwa remezo bitandukanye hagamije kuyiteza imbere, kugira ngo abajyaga gushakira imirimo I Kigali bayibone hafi batagombye kwimukira Kigali.

Muri buri Mujyi hashyirwamo ibyanya by’inganda n’ibindi bikorwa remezo bitandukanye bigamije gukurura ishoramali no gutanga akazi ku mubare munini w’abaturage bajyaga Kigali gushakirayo akazi, ibyo bikorwa byongera urujya nuruza muri iyo Mijyi kandi bikorwa hagendeye kuri gahunda ya Leta yo kubungabunga ibidukikije muri gahunda zose ziterambere.

Mu gutangira iyo mijyi hashyirwamo ibimoteri rusange ku mihanda haterwa ibiti n’ubusitani hagamijwe kurimbisha iyo mijyi, ariko byumwihariko ibyo biti bikagira uruhare mu gutanga umwuka mwiza muri iyo mijyi, kuri ibyo hakiyongeraho ibindi bikorwa remezo harimo inyubako byose bigakorwa hagamije kubungabunga ibidukikije byashoboraga kwangizwa n’ibikorwa bya muntu biterwa ahanini n’abatuye muri iyo mijyi.

Inama y’igihugu y’umushyikirano ya 12 niyo yanzuye ko hashyirwa imbaraga muri gahunda yo guteza imbere Imijyi itandatu yunganira Umujyi wa Kigali, ikongerwamo inganda n’ibindi bikorwa byiterambere bishobora gutanga akazi kubatuye iyo mijyi.

## Ibindi
Ni ibikorwa REMA yashyize mungiro ifatanije n’Ikigo mpuzamahanga cyita kubidukikije GGGI (Global Green Growth Institute) aho iki kigo cyatanze ubufasha bwibanze bushingirwaho kugira ngo iyi mijyi yunganire Kigali itaba imbarutso mukwangiza ibidukikije biturutse ku bikorwa bya muntu cyane biganisha mu guteza imbere iyo mijyi.

## Reba
Umwuzure wa Kagoshima mu wa 1993

**Umwuzure wa Kagoshima mu mwaka wa 1993** ni urukurikirane rw'imvura nyinshi yaguye yibasiye Kagoshima, mu Ubuyapani isuri ikabije yatebye mu ntangiriro za Kanama 1993. Izina ryemewe mu kiyapani ni "Kanama 1993 Imvura Yinshi" (平 成 5 年 8 月 豪雨). Abapfuye ni 71, abandi bantu bagera ku 2,500 bari mu modoka, bisi na gari ya moshi batabawe n'ubwato bwo kuroba hamwe n'ubwato bwikorera ibintu bwitwa feri  babajyana i Kagoshima banyuze ku kigobe cya Kagoshima Bay.

## Ikirere mu 1993
Igihe cy'imvura yo mu Buyapani cyo mu 1993 cyari kirekire kuruta uko byari bisanzwe, kubera ko agace k’umuvuduko mwinshi mu nyanja ya pasifika kari gafite intege nke, bikaba byari igihe cy'izuba rikonje. Ikigo cy’Ubuyapani gishinzwe iteganyagihe cyari cyatangaje mbere ko igihe cy’imvura kirangiye kugira ngo gihagarike. Ahagana mu mpera za Nyakanga, inkubi y'imiyaga itatu yateye isuri ikomeye; indi ibiri ijya Kyushu . Muri Kanama, Inkubi y'umuyaga Robyn yaje yegerea Kyushu, maze ahagana mu mpera za Kanama, Inkubi y'umuyaga yitwa Vernon yaje yegera akarere ka Kanto nyuma yerekeza Hokkaido . Muri rusange mu ubuyapani hagezeyo Inkubi y'imiyaga itandatu yose . Impeshyi ikonje yagabanije umusaruro w'umuceri kandi bituma umuceri ubura mugihe cya Heisei.

## Ikirere i Kyushu
Imvura yose hamwe yari mm 1000 mu majyepfo ya Kyushu, itera inkangu cyangwa imyuzure. Ku ya 1 Kanama, imvura idasanzwe mu karere ka Aira yageze kuri mm 104 mu isaha i Mizobe, mm 405 mu munsi umwe. Abapfuye bagera kuri 23 mu bice byo hagati ya Perefegitura ya Kagoshima. Umuhanda w'igihugu No.10, Umuhanda wa Gariyamoshi ya Kyushu na Gari ya moshi y'Ubuyapani ntibyari byuzuye. Inyubako zo muri Service ya Sakurajima zarasenyutse. Ku ya 6 Kanama, umujyi wa Kagoshima wibasiwe cyane n’imvura ya mm 99.8 ku gihe cy'isaha (kuri Kohriyamacho). Hariho abantu 48 bishwe umwe arazimira. Mu biraro bitanu byubakishijwe amabuye byubatswe mu gihe cya Edo ku ruzi rwa Kohtsuki, bibiri byarasenyutse.

## Ibyangiritse
Ibyangiritse byari byinshi byatewe n’isuri ikabije . Mu gace ka Ryugamizu, aho imisozi yari yegereye inyanja, hamwe n’imihanda minini na gari ya moshi biherereye, Amasuri 22 yarabaye kandi abantu 2,500 bafatiwe mu modoka 1200, ndetse na bisi na gari ya moshi, kugeza ubwo bakijijwe n’ubwato bw’uburobyi n’ubwato . babajyana mu mujyi wa Kagoshima banyuze ku kigobe cya Kagoshima.
Umwuka ishingiro ry’ubuzima k’ubuzima bwa Muntu ku isi

***Ibikorwa bya muntu nibyo biza ku isonga mu guhumanya umwuka ibi bikagira ingaruka ku buzima bwa muntu, ibidukikije ndetse no kumihindagurikire y’ibihe.***

## Ubushakashatsi

Abahanga batangaza ko umwuka wahumanye iyo wibasiwe n’imyotsi cyangwa ibinyabutabire, bigira ingaruka ku buzima na muntu arimo, ibyo binyabutabire birimo uduce dutoya tumeze nk’umukungugu.

Iyo umuntu abihumetse bijya mu myanya y’ubuhumekero bigakomeza mu maraso hamwe n’ahandi bikaba aribyo bimuteza indwara ziganjemo iz’ubuhumekero, iz’umutima Kanseri y’ibihaha n’izindi.

Imwe muri iyo myuka iyo yoherejwe mu kirere ikora ikimeze nk’urukuta mu kirere igakumira imirasire y’izuba bikayibuza gusubira mu kirere cya kure ikaguma hafi, ibyo bikongera ubushyuhe bw’isi ari nabyo biteza imihindagurikire y’ibihe.

Umwuka uhumanye n’ikibazo gikomereye isi n’u Rwanda rurimo 92% bahumeka umwuka wanduye kandi benshi biganje mu bihugu biri munzira y’amajyambere,abarenga miliyoni 4 bazize guhumeka umwuka wanduye uba imbere mu mazu, biturutse cyane ku myotsi yo mu gikoni iterwa n’inkwi, amakara udutadowa n’ubundi buryo bakoresha bamurika munzu.

Imibare yatanzwe n’ishami ry’umuryango wabibumbye ryita ku buzima muri 2012 yerekana ko abantu bagera kuri 2,227 bapfuye bazize indwara yihumana ry’umwuka, ndetse Minisiteri y’ubuzima yerekana ko muri 2013 abana bapfuye bari munzi y’imyaka itanu 22 bazize indwara z’ubuhumekero kuko ari nazo zijyana abantu kwivuza.

## Ingamba
Hasghyizweho itegeko No 18/2016 ryo kuwa 18 Gicurasi 2016 rigenga uburyo bwo kubungabunga ubwiza bw’umwuka no gukumire ibihumanya ikirere mu Rwanda.

U Rwanda rwahagurukiye kurwanya ihumana ry’ikirere kandi hashyizweho uburyo bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’umwuka mu Rwanda, bishyizwe mu mushinga ushyirwa mu bikorwa na REMA na Minisiteri y’Uburezi mu Rwanda, kuri ubu hari Station 9 zifasha gutanga amakuru uko mu gihugu bihagaze mu bijyanye n’ikigero cy’ihumana ry’ikirere.

## Ibindi
Inyigo yakozwe n’ikigo cyo kubungabunga ibidukikije mu Rwanda mu mwaka wa 2018 yerekana ko ibinyabiziga biza ku isongo mu guhumanya umwuka duhumeka mu mijyi.

Kuva mu mwaka wa 2012 kugeza muri 2050 ubushyuhe buzaba bwarikubye inshuro enye, kandi ibinyabiziga bya moteri ikomoka kuri peteroli bikaba biza ku isongo mu bitera ubwo bushyuhe kandi bikahumanya umwuka duhumeka.

## Reba
Ivubi rifasha umuhinzi kweza neza imyaka

***Amavubi menshi atungwa n’ibindi bisimba cyane cyane iyo yageze mu murima arinda utundi dusimba dushobora kwangiza imyaka, kuko ubwayo atangiza ibimera.***

## Imiterere
Amoko menshi y’amavubi abarirwa muri kimwe mu byiciro bibiri bishobora gushyirwamo amavubi,amavubi yigunga ndetse n’amavubi abana n’ayandi.

Amavubi yigunga ntiyubaka amazu yo kubamo kandi ubu bwoko bw’amavubi burabyara, ariko amavubi abana n’ayandi abyara gake gashoboka, kuko amavubi abana n’ayandi ntabwo akunze kwororoka.

Hari amoko y’amavubi agira umwamikazi w’amavubi ndetse n’ibigabo bibyara naho amavubi y’ingore ntabwo abyara, bityo amavubi agira amababa abiri kuri buri ruhande, uretse ko hari n’atagira amababa.

Amavubi y’ingore niyo agira urubori rushamikiyeho ku mwanya ubikwamo amagi, ivubi rigira utwoya duke cyangwa amoya afite umubyimba munini, aho akaba ariho ritandukanira n’uruyuki rwo rugira utwoya duto.

## Imirire

Amavubi hafi ya yose aba ku butaka ni make cyane ashobora kuba ku mazi, atunzwe no kurya ibisimba bitarakura cyane cyane aho ategera ku bitagangurirwa byafashe utwo dusimba tukagwamo nayo agaheraho afungura, ariko cyane cyane afasha abahinzi kurinda imyaka yabo kuko atuma utwo dusimba tutangiza imyaka yabo.

## Imyororokere
Ntabwo amavubi ajya abangurirwa mu gihe aguruka nkuko bibaho ku nzuki hari igihe umwamikazi umwe abangurirwa ku bigabo byinshi, kandi amavubi ntabwo arenza umwaka umwe wo kubaho.

## Reba
Igitekerezo cy'umwuzure waho

**Igitekerezo cy’umwuzure** cyangwa **igitekerezo cy’umwuzure ntarengwa** ni ugusobanura inkuru y’umwuzure wo mu Itangiriro, aho umwuzure wa Nowa usobanurwa nkibintu byaba aho hantu gusa, ariho bita muri Mezopotamiya, aho kuba ku isi hose.     

Bamwe mu baremye isi ya kera banze geologiya y’umwuzure,   umwanya ubasigira ibirego bivugwa ko banze gukosora kw'ibyanditswe (bavuga ko umwuzure wo mu Itangiriro watwikiriye isi yose).  Mu gusubiza, abarema isi bashaje bavuga imirongo yo muri Bibiliya aho amagambo "yose" na "bose" asaba ibisobanuro byimbitse. 

## Ishusho n'amateka

### Ikinyejana cya 19
Abakristu benshi basobanuriwe umwuzure wa Nowa nyuma y’ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi. Igitekerezo cyunganirwa n’ikinyejana cya 19 umuhanga mu bumenyi bwa geologiya witwa Scott Lyell, mu gitabo cye cyitwa *Principles of Geology* (1833), aho yanzuye avuga ko umwuzure wo mu Itangiriro ugomba kuba wari ikibazo cy’akarere kandi atari umwuzure ku isi. 

### Ibitekerezo byo kurema
Umuhanga mu kurema isi ya kera, Dr Hugh Ross yaburaniye inyigisho z’umwuzure, kandi ateza imbere igitekerezo mu gitabo cye "Navigating Genesis".  

Uyu munsi, abaremyi bato b’isi amashyirahamwe nka Ibisubizo mu Itangiriro n'Ikigo gishinzwe Ubushakashatsi ku Kurema yanenze inyigisho z’umwuzure waho, nko gusesengura nabi.  

## Ibimenyetso by'umwuzure nyawo wahumekeye amateka ya Bibiliya
Hariho ibimenyetso bya geologiya byerekana ko umwuzure munini waho wabereye muri Mesapotamiya, wongeyeho inyandiko ziyongereye muri Bibiliya nka Gilgamesh na Epic ya Atrahasis zerekana ko umwuzure waho wabereye muri Mezapotamiya ya kera.

## Amashakiro
Inkangu mu Akarere ka Kasese mu mwaka wa 2022

Mu ijoro ryo ku ya 6 na 7 Nzeri 2022,  abantu 15 bahitanywe n’imvura nyinshi yateje inkangu nyinshi mu Karere ka Kasese muri Uganda . 

Imvura nyinshi yagombaga kuba nyirabayazana w'inkangu.  Agace k'imisozi kari kure cyane nokuba ka hura n'ingaruka z'inkangu. 

Umuryango wa Croix-Rouge ya Uganda wemeje ko impfu nyinshi ari ababyeyi n'abana.  Nibura abantu 18 baburiwe irengero  abandi 7 barakomereka bajyanwa mu bitaro. 

Amazu menshi yarasenyutse kandi abantu benshi bashyinguwe ari bazima,  n’ubutabazi bwibanze ku bantu bafashwe nibikuta byaba gwiriye munsi. 

Nyuma y’ibyago, gahunda yarakomeje kuri uwo munsi nyuma ya saa sita yo kwimurira imirambo ku ishuri ribanza rya Kasika kugira ngo basuzume neza icyabishe ndetse no gushyingura. 

Ibirori byari bimwe mubikurikiranye n’umwuzure uherutse kuba mu burengerazuba bwa Uganda  kandi ni umwe muri benshi muri Afurika mu 2022 .

## Amashakiro
Muckle Spate

**Muckle Spate** yari umwuzure ukomeye muri Kanama 1829, wangije igice kinini cya Strathspey, mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa Scotland. (Muckle ni ijambo 'byinshi' cyangwa 'bikomeye', rikoreshwa cyane cyane mu majyaruguru y'Uburasirazuba bw'Ubwongereza na Scotland.  )

Imvura yatangiye kugwa ku mugoroba wo ku ya 2 Kanama 1829, ikomeza kugeza bukeye bwaho inkuba ikubita kuri Cairngorms . Mu majyepfo, Uruzi Dee rwazamutse vuba hejuru y'urwego rusanzwe - 15&nbsp;ft (4,6 m) ahantu (27)&nbsp;ft kuri Banchory).  Imigezi ya Nairn, Findhorn, Lossie na Spey yagize ingaruka, mu majyaruguru. 

## Ibyangiritse

Kimwe n'umwuzure, ibiraro byinshi byaratwawe, harimo n'ibiri hejuru ya Linn ya Dee na Linn ya Quoich . Mar Lodge yumwimerere yagize ingaruka. Ikirangantego kizwi cyane cya Carrbridge, n'ikiraro gishaje, cyubatswe mu 1717,  aho umudugudu cyitiriwe cyangiritse cyane kandi gisigara mu buryo tubona uyu munsi. Amazu yarabuze i Kingston, Moray, umudugudu muto ku nkombe ya Moray Firth, ku nkombe y'Uruzi Spey. Ubwato butanu bwo kuroba bwa Findhorn bwarokoye abaturage baguye mu mwuzure wo mu kibaya cya Forres .  Hirya no hino mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba abantu batandatu n'umunani bahasize ubuzima, ibiraro 22 n'amazu 60 byarasenyutse kandi imiryango 600 yasizwe iheruheru. 

Muckle Spate yibukwa mu gisigo cy'izina rimwe na David Grant, cyanditswe ahagana mu 1851, gisobanura ingaruka kuri paruwasi ya Strachan. 

### Umugezi Findhorn
Iyi mpanuka yari ibiza karemano ntagereranywa mu mateka y’amajyaruguru y’iburasirazuba bwa Scotland yasobanuwe nkimwe mu "myuzure ikaze yibasiye amateka y’Ubwongereza". Dushingiye ku nkuru z’ababyiboneye zanditswe na Sir Thomas Dick Lauder byashobokaga kugereranya impinga zitemba ziva mu ruzi runini rugera kuri 1,484 m3 / sek na 451 m3 / sek ku ruzi rwa Divie. Ku kwa Randolph niho umugezi wa Findhorn uri ku buryo buhebuje muri spate. Hano hari ibimenyetso bibiri byerekana uburebure uruzi rwagezeho mu 1829 kandi bivugwa ko umubitsi muri Relugas yegeranye yafashe salmon 50 feet (15 m) hejuru y'urugero rusanzwe rwinzuzi .

## Amashakiro
Umwuzure muri Mumbai mu wa 2017

**Umwuzure muri Mumbai mu mwaka wa 2017** werekeza ku mwuzure wabaye ku ya 29 Kanama 2017, nyuma y'imvura nyinshi yo ku ya 29 Kanama 2017 i Mumbai . Sisitemu yo gutwara abantu ntiyabonekaga binyuze mu bice by'umujyi kuko gari ya moshi n'imihanda byari byafunzwe. Amashanyarazi yazimye mu bice bitandukanye by'umujyi kugirango birinde impanuka z'amashanyarazi.  Ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry’umuryango utabara imbabare Croix-Rouge n’umuryango utabara imbabare Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) ryise imyuzure yo muri Aziya yepfo imwe mu mpanuka zikomeye z’ubutabazi mu karere mu myaka yashize.  Iki gikorwa gishobora kugereranywa n’umwuzure wo mu 2005 wabereye i Mumbai, wanditsweho kubushobozi warufite aribwo 944&nbsp;mm (37.17 santimetero) y'imvura mu masaha 24 ku ya 26 Nyakanga.

Imvura ikabije ku ya 29 Kanama 2017 yari yarahanuwe n’ishami ry’ubumenyi bw’ikirere (IMD), hasigaye iminsi itanu kuri itandatu. Icyakora, guverinoma yananiwe gutabara vuba, bituma haba ikibazo.  Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bwerekana ko imyuzure ishobora guterwa n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe yatumye ihindagurika rikomeye ry’umuyaga w’imvura utwara amazi ava mu nyanja ya Arabiya, bituma imvura nyinshi igwa mu Ubuhinde bwo hagati, imara iminsi ibiri cyangwa itatu. 

## Igihe ntarengwa
Mumbai yanditse ko haguye imvura ingana nka milimetero 468 mu masaha cumi n'abiri, akaba ari menshi mu munsi kuva muri Kanama 1997, nk'uko amakuru aturuka mu ishami ry’ubumenyi bw'ikirere mu Ubuhinde abitangaza.  Sisitemu yo gutwara abantu yaje guhagarara neza hamwe na gari ya moshi zaho zihagarara i Mumbai kandi indege zitandukanye zahagaritswe hafi ya zose zatinze. Ku Muhanda uhuza, inyubako yaguye. Guverinoma ya Maharashtra yatangaje ko 30 Kanama 2017 ari umunsi w'ikiruhuko ku mashuri makuru na kaminuza. 

## Abahitanwa n’impanuka
Kuva mu gitondo cyo ku ya 30 Kanama 2017, abantu cumi na bane bemejwe ko bishwe. 

Umwuzure watumye inyubako isenyuka, ihitana byibuze abantu 21.  Ibi byose byibajije ikibazo kuki Ubuhinde bugira umwuzure ukabije nyuma ya byose. 

## Reba kandi

* Inkubi y'umuyaga
* Umwuzure mu burengerazuba bwa Bengal mu wa 2017 
* Umwuzure wa Maharashtra wo mu 2005
* Umwuzure wo mu majyaruguru y'Uburasirazuba bw'Ubuhinde mu wa 2017 
* Umwuzure i Gujarat mu wa 2017

## Amashakiro
Umwuzure wo mu mugezi wa Napa wo mu 1986

**Umwuzure wo mu mugezi wa Napa wo mu 1986** ufatwa na benshi ko ari umwuzure mubi wahuye na Napa, muri Californiya mu kinyejana cya 20. Hamwe na santimetero 20 z'imvura yaguye mugihe cyamasaha 48; Abantu 7,000 bimuwe mu byabo, amazu 250 yarasenyutse abandi 2,500 barangirika, abantu 3 barapfa igiteranyo kibyangiritse muri rusange ni miliyoni 100.     

Nyuma y’umwuzure, abaturage bagaragaje ko byihutirwa kongera kugabanya umwuzure watewe n’umuyaga w’itumba kandi umuntu atera inzitizi zituma uruzi rutemba rugana ku kirwa cya San Francisco . Kuva umwuzure, **Intara ya Napa ishinzwe kurwanya umwuzure no kubungabunga amazi** yakomeje gukora mu kurwanya imyuzure binyuze mu mushinga w’umwuzure wa Napa .  Undi mwuzure utari muto wabaye ku ya 31 Ukuboza 2005, nyuma y'icyumweru kirenga imvura.  Indi myuzure idakabije yabaye mu 1995 na 1997.

## Amashakiro
Umwuzure wo mu majyaruguru ya Saskatchewan mu wa 1915

**Umwuzure wo muri Saskatchewan y'Amajyaruguru mu wa 1915** ni umwe mu myuzure minini mu mateka ya Edmonton . Ku ya 28 Kamena, Ikinyamakuru Edmonton Bulletin cyatangaje ko uruzi rwazamutse "metero 10 mu masaha menshi." Telegaramu yuzuye ubwoba yo mu nzu ya Rocky Mountain House yamenyesheje abayobozi baho ko umwuzure ugeze. 

Amazi yazamutse agera k'umurongo w'ikiraro cyo hasi kandi imyanda yakusanyirijwe ku biraro. Imyanda yarimo inzu yatwawe nuwo mwuzure. Umuhanda wa gari ya moshi wo mu majyaruguru ya Kanada wahagaritse gari ya moshi ku kiraro kugira ngo ikiraro kimanuke kandi ugerageze kukirinda gutwarwa. . 

Ibihumbi n'ibihumbi by'abaturage ba Edmonton barebye umwuzure usenya urusyo rw'ibiti ku kibaya cy'umugezi.  

Kimwe n'inzuzi zose, uruzi rwa Saskatchewan y'Amajyaruguru rushobora kwibasirwa n'umwuzure rimwe na rimwe, utangirana n'urubura rwinshi mu misozi cyangwa igihe kirekire cy'imvura mu kibaya cy'uruzi . Hamwe nogushiraho abaturage bahoraho kumugezi, no kuzamuka kw'inzego zubutegetsi / guverinoma, inyandiko zirahari zerekana imyuzure yabereye mu majyaruguru ya Saskatchewan mu kinyejana gishize. Uruzi ruzwiho kuba rwuzuyemo umwuzure mu 1830 ariko umwuzure wa 1899 w’umugezi niwo mwuzure wambere wigihe cy'izuba cy'inzuzi muburambe bwabantu cyangwa imigenzo yaho. Umwuzure wo mu 1915 wageze kuri metero 4 hejuru y’umwuzure wa 1899. Urugomero rwa Bighorn, rwubatswe mu ntangiriro ya za 70 hafi ya Nordegg, Alberta, n'ikigega cya Brazeau, rwubatswe hagati mu myaka ya za 1960, ntirwagabanije ubushobozi bw'umwuzure ku ruzi rwa Saskatchewan y'Amajyaruguru. 

## Amashakiro

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Umujyi wa Edmonton - Umwuzure wo mu 1915
* Reba Inyandiko ngufi ya Edmonton
Umwuzure wa Nuristan mu wa 2021

Umwuzure watangiriye mu Karere ka Kamdesh muri Nuristan, Afuganisitani, kubera imvura nyinshi. Kugeza ku ya 31 Nyakanga, abapfuye ni 113 mu gihe umubare w'abantu baburiwe irengero utazwi.   Nk’uko umuvugizi w’abatalibani Zabihullah Mujahed abitangaza ngo imvura nyinshi yo ku ya 28 Nyakanga yateje umwuzure. 

## Ingaruka

Ku bwa Ghulam Bahauddin Jailani, amazu 173 yangiritse.  Imirima itari mike hamwe na kilometero 12 z'umuhanda nazo zarasenyutse mu mvura hiyongeraho gufunga umuhanda.  Guverineri wa Nuristan, Hafiz Abdul Qayum, yatangaje ko imiryango yibasiwe yahawe inkunga na leta. Isuzuma ryerekanaga amahema, ibitanda, hamwe n'igikoni gikenewe. 

Abatalibani bavuze ko babujijwe kwinjira mu ngabo za leta zibasiwe n’umwuzure. Abadepite bo muri ako gace bavuze ko abatalibani bababuzaga gutabara. Umuhengeri wa gatatu wa COVID-19 nawo watumye amatsinda yubuvuzi agera aho aribasirwa.  

Zabiullah Mujahed yategetse itsinda ry’abatabazi ry’abatalibani mu gace k’ibasiwe kandi anategeka ko miliyoni 5 z’Abanyafganistan cyangwa amafaranga agera ku 62.000 by’amadorari akoreshwa mu gufasha isuku n’abaturage bahuye n’umwuzure. 

## Reba kandi

* Umwuzure wa Afuganisitani mu wa 2020
* Umwuzure muri Afuganisitani

## Amashakiro
Ibikomeje gutiza umurindi ikoreshwa ry’inkwi n’amakara mu Rwanda

Abakora muri serivisi zo guhanga no gucuruza ibikoresho n’ibicanwa bitangiza ibidukikije, bagaragaje ko kuba ibiciro byabyo bikiri hejuru biri mu bitiza umurindi gukoresha amakara n’inkwi mu guteka.

Ibi byagaragajwe n’abakozi b’ibigo binyuranye bikora ibicanwa bitangiza ibidukikije ubwo hasozwaga amahugurwa y’iminsi ine yateguwe n’ikigo cya Energy Developpers mu Rwanda gihuza abikorera bari mu rwego rw’ingufu.

Muri aya mahugurwa bahuguwe ku birebana n’uburyo nyabwo bwo kwiga isoko, gukora ibicuruzwa bifite ubuziranenge, guhanga udushya tugamije guca burundu iyangirika ry’ikirere n’uburyo bwa nyabwo bwo gukorera amafaranga.

Ni amahugurwa yitabiriwe n’ibigo birenga 40 bikora ibintu binyuranye birimo ibicuruza gaz, amashyiga ya kijyambere, imbabura zigezweho n’ibindi bigamije kwirinda iyangirika ry’ibidukikije bikoreshwa mu guteka.

## Ibarura
Kugeza ubu abakoresha inkwi n’amakara mu guteka mu Rwanda bagera kuri 79,9% bivuze ko bakiri hejuru cyane.

Minisiteri y’Ibidukikije igaragaza ko nibura hakenewe asaga miliyari 1,37 y’amadorali kugira ngo guverinoma igere ku ntego yo kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’amakara kuva ku kigero cya 85% bariho mu 2019 kugera kuri 42% mu 2030.

## Ingamba za leta

Mu rwego rwo guharanira ko abakoresha inkwi n’amakara bagabanyuka mu Rwanda, Leta yemeye gushyira nkunganire mu bikorwa bitandukanye by’abakora ibicanwa n’ibikoresho byifashishwa mu gutunganya amafunguro bitangiza ikirere.

Binyuze muri Banki y’Amajyambere y’u Rwanda, Guverinoma ku bufatanye na Banki y’Isi yashoyemo asaga miliyari 20 Frw azifashishwa nka nkunganire ku bakenera kugura ibikoresho byifashishwa mu guteka byaguraga amafaranga menshi.

Iyi nkunganire iri mu murongo wo kugabanya umugogoro w’ibiciro biri hejuru ku bifuzaga gukoresha amashyiga ya kijyambere, imirasire y’izuba igezweho n’ibindi binyuranye byari bifite igiciro kiri hejuru.

Biteganyijwe ko kubera nkunganire, abari mu cyiciro cya mbere cy’ubudehe bazajya bishyurirwa na Leta nibura 90% by’igiciro gisanzwe cy’ishyiga cyangwa umurasire ushobora gukoreshwa, icya kabiri bishyurirwe 70% n’icya gatatu bishyurirwe 45%.

Izi nkunganire zitangwa ku bigo bikora ibi bikoresho kugira ngo bigabanye ibiciro ku masoko aho bisaba ko ikigo cyandika gisaba BRD gushyirwa muri gahunda ya nkunganire kugira ngo kigeze ku banyarwanda ibyo gikora ku giciro cyo hasi.

Biteganyijwe ko nkunganire izasiga imiryango ibumbi 500 igezweho n’ibicanwa bitangiza ibidukikije ni ukuvuga ko nibura miliyoni zirenga ebyiri z’abaturage zizagerwaho n’iyi gahunda.

## Reba
Gicurasi 2016 inkubi y'umuyaga mu majyaruguru y'Amerika

Muri **Gicurasi 2016,Inkubi y'umuyaga mu majyaruguru ya Amerika** yari gahunda y’umuyaga wateje umwuzure muri Amerika muri Gicurasi&nbsp;31, 2016, yibasiye leta za Arkansas, Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma, na Texas . Umwuzure washyizeho inyandiko zerekana imvura muri Texas  na Oklahoma.  Ku ya 2 Kamena 2016, kuzamuka k'umugezi wa Brazos byasabye kwimurwa mu bice by'intara ya Brazoria, muri Texas.  Abahanga mu bumenyi bw'ikirere bavuze ko iyangirika ry'umuyaga ryatewe n'imbaraga z'ikirere cya El Niño . 

## Itangazo ry’ibiza mu gihugu cyose
Ku ya 1 Kamena 2016, guverineri wa Texas Greg Abbott yasohoye itangazo ry’ibiza mu gihugu cyose mu ntara 31, harimo: Austin, Bandera, Bastrop, Brazoria, Brazos, Burleson, Coleman, Colorado, Erath, Fayette, Fort Bend, Grimes, Hidalgo, Hood, Jasper, Kleberg, Lee, Leon, Liberty, Lubbock, Montgomery, Palo Pinto, Parker, Polk, Robertson, San Jacinto, Tyler, Walker, Waller, Washington na Wharton . 

## Amashakiro
Ibyangiza ibidukikije mu Rwanda

Minisiteri y’Ibidukikije mu Rwanda yagaragaje urutonde rw’ibintu byangiza ibidukikije birimo ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, ibikorwa by’inganda n’inyubako.

## Ubugenzuzi
Ubugenzuzi bwakozwe n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe kurengera Ibidukikije [REMA] hagati ya tariki 8-14 Kanama 2022, bwatahuye ko uturere twa Kamonyi, Muhanga, Gakenke, Ngororero ndetse n’uturere dutatu two mu Mujyi wa Kigali ari two turi ku isonga mu kugira ibikorwa byangiza ibidukikije.

REMA yagaragaje ko nibura ibigo bitanu bikora ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro n’ibigo bitanu bicukura ibumba ndetse n’ibigo bine bicukura umusenyi mu turere twa Kamonyi, Muhanga, Gakenke na 

Ngororero, byangiza ibidukikije ku rwego rwo hejuru.

Ubugenzuzi bwagaragaje ko ibigo bikora ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro biteza isuri, bigahumanya imigezi, ibishanga ndetse bikananirwa gusubiranya ibirombe biba byakorewemo ubucukuzi nk’uko inkuru dukesha Newtimes ibivuga.

Itegeko riteganya ko uwakoze ibikorwa byo ahanishwa miliyoni 3Frw. REMA yanasanze hari ibigo bimwe na bimwe bikora bidafite uruhushya.

## Amabwiriza
Raporo yashyizwe ahagaragara na REMA ku wa Kane tariki 18 Kanama 2022, igira iti “Bimwe mu bigo byakoraga bitaruzuza ibiteganywa n’amabwiriza yo kurengera ibidukikije IEA [Environment Impact Assessment].”

Aya mabwiriza agena ko imishinga itandukanye y’iterambere ishyirwa mu bikorwa harindwa iyangizwa ry’ibidukikije cyangwa ibishobora kwangiza no guhumanya ikirere bikagabanywa ku kigero cyo hejuru gishoboka.

Ibindi bikorwa byangiza ibidukikije birimo inganda n’inyubako z’abantu aho ba nyirabyo bananiwe kubahiriza amabwiriza yo kurengera ibidukikije.

Muri ubu bugenzuzi, inganda esheshatu byagaragaye ko zidafite uburyo bwo gufata imyanda ndetse n’amazi mabi.

REMA igaragaza ko ibindi bikorwa byangiza ibidukikije birimo pulasitike, ahajugunywa imyanda kuri Mont Kigali ndetse n’ibikorwa byo gutema ibiti bitarakura hirya no hino.

Iki kigo cyatahuye imishinga y’inzu 15 zubatswe hakoreshejwe ibiti byasaruwe bitarera aho gukoresha amatafari yabugenewe.

Itegeko riteganya ko umuntu utema ibiti bitarakura ahanishwa gucibwa amande ari hagati y’ibihumbi 300Frw na miliyoni imwe y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda. Ni mu gihe umushoferi ufashwe atwaye ibiti byatemwe bitarera we ahanishwa amande y’ibihumbi 500 Frw naho umuturage ugurisha ibyo biti we acibwa miliyoni y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda.

## Reba
Impanuka y'uruzi rwa Mal

Ku ya 5 Ukwakira 2022 saa munani ( IST ), ku munsi wa Vijaya Dashami, mu buryo butunguranye umwuzure waje mu ruzi rwa Mal i Malbazar, mu Burengerazuba bwa Bengal, mu Ubuhinde mu gihe cyo kwibizwa mu gihe cya Durga Puja .  

## Amavu n'amavuko
Ku ya 5 Ukwakira 2022 saa munani ( IST ), mu buryo butunguranye umwuzure waje mu ruzi rwa Mal i Malbazar, mu Burengerazuba bwa Bengal, mu Ubuhinde mu gihe cyo kwibizwa Durga Puja . Nyuma yabyo, hapfuye abantu 8 abandi benshi barakomereka. Nanone, bamwe mu bantu baburiwe irengero nyuma y'impanuka.

## Ingaruka
Nyuma y’impanuka, Minisitiri w’intebe Narendra Modi na Minisitiri w’intebe Mamata Banerjee bagaragaje akababaro k’urupfu rw’abantu banatangaza ko babemereye amafaranga rs.100 000 ku miryango yabuze ababo.  

## Amashakiro
Ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro butemewe buteye impungenge kuri pariki ya Gishwati-Mukura

Uturere duhana imbibi na pariki y’igihugu ya Gishwati-Mukura, dukomeje gufata ingamba zikomeye zo guhangana n’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro butemewe buteye impungenge ku kubungabunga iyo pariki.

Pariki ya Gishwati -Mukura iherereye mu Burengerazuba bw’u Rwanda yashyizwe mu rutonde rw’ibyanya kimeza byo kubungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima n’Ishami ry’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga ryita ku Burezi n’Umuco (UNESCO).

## Imiterere
Igizwe n’amashyamba abiri; irya Gishwati ari naryo rinini n’irya Mukura yombi akaba ari ku buso bwa kilometero kare 34 wongeyeho n’ubuhumekero bwa pariki.

Umuyobozi wungirije ushinzwe iterambere ry’ubukungu mu karere ka Rutsiro Havugimana Etienne, yabwiye The New Times ko hari ibikorwa by’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro butemewe bushobora kubangamira ingamba zo kubungabunga iyi pariki.

Ati: “Mu karere kacu, twagiye duhura n’ibikorwa byo gucukura amabuye y’agaciro mu buryo butemewe. Turimo gukorana na polisi, RIB, abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze ndetse n’abaturage kugira ngo dukore urutonde rw’abantu bose bakekwaho ibyo bikorwa bakurikiranwe."

## Ikibazo gihari
Umwe mu baturage batuye mu Kagari Gishubi gaherereye mu karere ka Ngororero witwa Bazingerero Evariste, avuga ko abaturage bafashijwe gukora ibikorwa bitandukanye bibyara inyungu nko korora ingurube n’ibindi byatumye bava mu bikorwa byo guhiga muri pariki.

Yanavuze ko harimo abakishora muri ibyo bikorwa by’ubucukuzi butemewe bw’amabuye y’agaciro muri pariki.

Kuri ubu abantu bagera kuri barindwi bo mu Karere ka Ngororero batawe muri yombi bacukura amabuye ya Wolfram muri pariki ya Gishwati-Mukura.

## Inkomoko
Muri Gashyantare 2016 nibwo ishyamba cyimeza rya Gishwati - Mukura riherereye mu ruhererekane rw’Imisozi y’isunzu rya Congo-Nil, ryemejwe nka Pariki y’Igihugu ya kane, yitezweho gutanga umusanzu mu kwinjiza amadevize binyuze mu bukerarugendo n’izindi nyungu zituruka ku bidukikije.

Iyo pariki iherereye mu Turere twa Rutsiro na Ngororero mu Ntara y’i Burengerazuba bw’igihugu, ingana na hegitari 3 558, harimo icyanya cya Gishwati gifite ubuso bungana na Hegitari 1 570, n’icya Mukura kingana na Hegitari 1 988.

Ayo mashyamba azwimo ibimera gakondo n’ubwoko bw’inyamaswa zinyuranye ziganjemo inkende n’impundu (chimpanzee) n’inkima (golden monkey), inyoni n’izindi nyamaswa nto zinyuranye.

## Amategeko ahana uwangije Ibidukikije
Ingingo ya 72 mu Itegeko N° 064/2021 ryo ku wa 14/10/2021 rigenga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, iteganya ko bitabangamiye ibiteganywa n’andi mategeko, umuntu ku giti cye ukora imirimo y’ubushakashatsi bw’amabuye y’agaciro cyangwa ucukura amabuye y’agaciro na kariyeri ahantu hakomye aba akoze icyaha.

Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko, ahanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’umwaka umwe (1) ariko kitarenze imyaka itatu (3) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 FRW) ariko atarenze miliyoni zirindwi z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (7.000.000 FRW).

## Reba