UBUZIMA BW'UMUKOBWA WU MU MAASAI

## Ubuzima bw'umukobwa wu mu Maasai

Kimwe n'abagore benshi bakennye bo mu bihugu by'afurika­, umubare munini w'abagore ba bamasayi muri Kenya bagenewe kubaho mu bukene no gukandamizwa mu muco. Igisekuru kimwe gishize, munsi ya 20% byabagore ba masayi muri Kenya biyandikishije mwishuri. Uyu munsi, nubwo amashuri abanza yubusa muri Kenya kuva muri Mutarama 2003, 48% byabakobwa ba bamasayi bonyine ni bo biyandikisha mumashuri, naho 10% byabakobwa ni bo bonyine biga mumashuri yisumbuye
Ubusanzwe, abakobwa ba bamasayi barakebwa(ibyo wakwita gusiramurwa cg guca imyeyo) hagati yimyaka 11 na 13 hanyuma bidatinze bashakana numugabo watowe na se kugirango babone inka namafaranga. Umugore wo mu masayi ntazigera yemererwa gutana, usibye mu bihe bikomeye cyane byo guhohoterwa ku mubiri, kandi ntazigera yemererwa kongera gushaka, kabone niyo umugabo se yahisemo ari umusaza upfa akiri ingimbi. Ahubwo, ahinduka umutungo wa murumuna wa mugabo we. Azaba umwe mu bagore benshi, kandi azabyara abana benshi, atitaye ku buzima bwe cyangwa ubushobozi bwo kubatunga. Azahaguruka kare buri munsi , kandi amara iminsi akora urugendo rw'ibirometero kugera kumyobo yo kumesa imyenda no kubona amazi, no gukusanya imizigo myinshi yinkwi kugirango asubire murugo. Niba afite amahirwe, azagira indogobe yo kugabanya umutwaro we. Azabaho ubuzima bwiza bwumubiri, biterwa numugabo numuryango atahisemo. Icyizere cyo kubaho kwe ni imyaka 45.
Niba wigisha umugore, Azamenya uburenganzira bwe kandi afite ikizere nubwigenge bwo kubahagurukira. Azahitamo uwo bazashyingiranwa nigihe cyo kurongora. Azagira abana bake, kandi bazagira ubuzima bwiza kandi bize neza kurusha ab'igihe cyabanjirije. Ntazakebya abakobwa biwe. Azagira umutekano mu bukungu. Azakoresha 90 ku ijana yinjiza mumuryango we, ugereranije na 35% umugabo wize yakoresha. Azafasha gutunga ababyeyi be. Ntazibagirwa aho yaturutse.
Ariko igitutu cyumuco kirwanya uburezi bwabagore ntakintu na kimwe kigufi.
abamasayi n' umwe mu moco akennye cyane muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba. Abantu b'icyubahiro kandi biyubashye, bishimiye imibereho yabo gakondo n'imico yabo nubwo bahura n'ibibazo by'isi ya none. Babaho mubuzima bwimuka borora inka nihene, bambaye imyenda gakondo, kandi baba mumidugudu mito yitwa manyatta, aribwo buryo bwo kuzenguruka amazu y’ibyondo. Ariko kongera ubutaka muri mumidugudu ya bamasayi ya Kenya yose bibangamiye umuco wabo wimuka, kandi igitutu cyo kwemera impinduka kiriyongera. Hamwe nicyo gitutu iraza gukenera byihutirwa kwigisha igisekuru cyabahungu nabakobwa. Mu rwego rwo kubungabunga umuco wabo, ariko, abamasayi bemeye gahunda ihakana abagore uburenganzira bw’ibanze bwa muntu: uburenganzira bwo kwiga; uburenganzira bwo kugenzura imibiri yabo, uburenganzira bwo guhitamo uwo nigihe cyo kurongora, uburenganzira bwo gutanga igitekerezo.

## Bariyeri kuburezi
Inzitizi-ku-burezi, Abakobwa bagomba guhura nimbogamizi nyinshi kugirango babone amashuri, kandi inyinshi murizo zifitanye isano nubukene bukabije mu bamasayi. Ibiciro byuburezi birabujijwe kumiryango myinshi, kandi isezerano ryubukwe nimpamvu ikomeye yo gutegura ubukwe bwumukobwa akimara “kwambuka ikiraro cyabana.” Ariko ibintu byumuco nabyo bigira uruhare mukubuza abakobwa kubona no kwiga.
**Bariyeri z'umuco n'ubukungu**
Ibintu byubukungu, umuco numubiri bihuza kwanga uburezi ku bakobwa ba bamasayi muri Kenya ni byinshi kandi, bifatanyirijwe hamwe, bisa nkibidashoboka kuri bose ariko abakobwa biyemeje gutsinda. Nubwo bidashoboka, abakobwa ba bamasayi bafite imbogamizi yimyizerere yumuco ibuza benshi kwiyandikisha cyangwa kurangiza amashuri.
**Harimo:**
Guteza imbere ubukungu gushyingirwa hakiri kare, nk'inka n'inkwano y'amafaranga, Kwizera ko umuryango wibinyabuzima ntacyo byungukira mu kwigisha umukobwa, kubera ko umukobwa abaye umwe mu bagize umuryango w’umugabo we iyo ashatse, kandi bazabona inyungu.
Imiryango hamwe nurungano rwo gushyingirwa hakiri kare, kuko abagore bahabwa agaciro numubare wabana bafite Gutinya gutwita hakiri kare, bikaba biteye isoni mbere yo gushyingirwa kandi bikagabanya igiciro cyumugeni, bikomeza umuco wo gushyingirwa hakiri kare,hanyuma intera umukobwa agomba kugenda ku ishuri ryegereye bituma itagira umutekano, ndetse ntibishoboka ku mwana w’incuke.

## Igiciro cy'uburezi
Abakobwa ba bamasayi biyandikisha mumashuri abanza biga mumashuri rusange yubusa. Ariko abanyeshuri bose bo muri Kenya basabwa kwambara imyenda, kandi imiryango myinshi ntishobora kwigurira imyenda ikenewe kugirango umwana wabo ajye mwishuri. Amashuri abanza ya leta abanza, atanga ibyiza byinshi, birabujijwe cyane mumiryango myinshi ya bamasayi. Ubwiza bw'uburezi muri aya mashuri yo mucyaro ntibukunze kuba buhagije kugirango bategure abanyeshuri ibizamini byigihugu, basabwa gukomeza amashuri yisumbuye, kubera ko aya mashuri adahagije kandi yuzuyemo ishyano, umubare w’abanyeshuri n’abarimu ugera ku 100 kugeza kuri 1.
Ku mukobwa udasanzwe atsinda ikizamini cyigihugu kugirango arangize amashuri abanza, amashuri yisumbuye yose yo muri Kenya ni amashuri acumbikira, kandi ikiguzi cyumwaka kirabujijwe ku bamasayi benshi ariko, niba bishoboka mubukungu, abahungu bahabwa umwanya wambere.

## Bariyeri z'ubukungu zidafite aho zihuriye n'igiciro cy'uburezi
Impamvu zubukungu zo gushyingirwa hakiri kare .Ubukwe bw'umukobwa bwongera ubutunzi bwumuryango wuumukobwa wa bamasayi binyuze munka hamwe ninguzanyo z'amafaranga Kandi kubera ko yinjiye mumuryango w'umugabo we amaze gushyingirwa,Ise yakuweho umutwaro wokumutunga.Umugenzo gushyingirwa hakiri kare ukabije kubera ubukene bwiyongera bwaturage ba bamasayi,Bigatuma ba se ba bamasayi bashyingiranwa n'abakobwa babo bakiri bato.
Garuka kwishora mari.Kuri iyo miryango Mike ishoboye kwirihira amashuri,Hari ibintu byinshi byumuco ukunda kwigisha abahungu mbere .Ibi bituruka kumuco w'uko abakobwa ba bamasayi bava mu mudugudu w'ababyeyi babo bakaba umwe mubigize umuryango w'umugabo amaze gushyingiranwa.Ba se ba bamasayi bakunda kwizera ko umuryango wabo utazungukirwa ngo no gushora imari mumashuri z'umukobwa wabo

## Bariyeri z'umuco
. Gushyingirwa hakiri kare nimpamvu zikunze kuvugwa zituma abakobwa ba bamasayi bareka ishuri. Abakobwa ba bamasayi bigishwa ko gukebwa ari umuhango wo kunyura mu bagore biherekeza ubwangavu kandi bibanziriza gushyingirwa. Bamaze gukebwa, barashinyagurirwa na bagenzi babo nibakomeze amashuri, kubera ko ishuri ari iryabana. Kurushaho gukaza umurego mu gushyingirwa hakiri kare ni ukuri ko mu muco w'abamasayi abagore basanzwe bahabwa agaciro hashingiwe ku mubare w'abana bashobora kubyara ku bagabo babo, atari ku buryo bashobora kuba abize cyangwa mu bukungu.

Gutinya gutwita hakiri kare. Inda nimpamvu ya kabiri ikunze kugaragara cyane ko abakobwa bata ishuri. Mu muco w'abamasayi, abana bafite imyaka icyenda ntibemerewe kuguma mu nzu imwe na se, ahubwo bakaryama mu nzu itandukanye batabigenzuye. Byongeye kandi, abakobwa ntibabwirwa uburyo umugore atwite. Uku kubura kugenzura no kutamenya bituma abakobwa bibasirwa cyane no gusama, kandi gutwita mbere yubukwe bizana amahano nigiciro cyumugeni. Gutinya gutwita utarashaka ni impamvu isanzwe ituma ababyeyi bashimangira ko abakobwa babo bava mu ishuri bagashyingirwa hakiri kare.

Bariyeri z'umubiri

Kugenda intera ku ishuri. Kubera ko umushumba w'abamasayi akenera ubutaka bukomeye bwo kuragira inka zabo, imidugudu yabo yubatswe kure yiyindi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ishuri rimwe rigomba gukorera imidugudu myinshi mubirometero 15 kugeza kuri 20. Nta modoka, bisi, amafarasi, ndetse n'amagare aboneka ku bana ba bamasayi, bityo bagomba kugenda intera ndende. Abakobwa benshi bangiwe kwiga kubera impungenge z'ababyeyi kubera umutekano wabo muri uru rugendo rurerure.
Ndetse kubagera ku ishuri, urugendo rurerure rubangamira uburezi. Ntabwo bitangaje, abarimu bavuga ko abana bamaze amasaha abiri kugeza kuri atanu bagenda ku ishuri mugitondo, akenshi badafite icyo barya, barushye, kandi ubushobozi bwabo bwo gutumbira burahungabana. Nanone, akenshi biratinda iyo abana bageze murugo nyuma yurugendo rurerure, kandi baracyasabwa gukora imirimo. Nubwo baba bagifite ubushake nimbaraga zo kwiga nyuma yo kurangiza inshingano zabo murugo, ni umwijima kandi nta mashanyarazi cyangwa itara ryakozwe.
Imibereho ya bamasayi yimuka.Abamasayi ni umuryango w'abashumba, inzererezi, kandi ibihe rimwe na rimwe bisaba ko imiryango yimuka kugirango ibone amazi n'ibyatsi by'inka zabo. Mu bihe by'amapfa, imyigire y'umwana ikunze guhagarikwa cyangwa guhagarikwa kugeza imvura iguye, bigatuma basubira inyuma mu kazi kabo k'ishuri, cyangwa guhagarika ishuri burundu.