Ubuvuzi mu Rwanda

**Ubuvuzi mu Rwanda** bwaranzwe no kuba ku rwego rwo hasi, ariko mu myaka ya vuba aha bwateye imbere kuburyo bugaragara. U Rwanda rufite gahunda yo kwita ku buzima ikoreshwa ku isi hose, kandi ifatwa nk'imwe muri gahunda z'ubuzima bufite ireme muri Afurika. 

## Amateka
Mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu mwaka 1994, ubuvuzi bw’u Rwanda bwaterwaga inkunga na Bamako Initiative nayo yaterwaga inkunga na UNICEF na OMS kandi yari yarashyizweho nabaminisitiri b’ubuzima muri Afurika mu mwaka 1987.   Intambwe yatangijwe mu kwegereza ubuvuzi abaturage , yatangiriye kurwego rwintara hanyuma kurwego rwakarere. Ariko ibyo byahungabanijwe na jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu mwaka 1994, yahagaritse gahunda y’ubuzima hamwe n’ubukungu. Nyuma ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi, u Rwanda rwazamutse cyane mu kugarura gahunda y’ubuzima ndetse n’ubukungu bwarwo. Ndetse rwubaka imwe muri sisitemu nziza yubuzima mu karere. Mu mwaka wa 2008, guverinoma yakoresheje 9.7% y’amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu gihugu mu kwivuza, ugereranije na 3.2% mu mwaka 1996. [4]

## Sisitemu y'ubwishingizi bw'ubuzima
Ubwishingizi bw'ubuzima bwabaye itegeko ku bantu bose mu mwaka 2008; [5] mu mwaka wa 2010 abaturage barenga 90% bari bafite ubwishingizi. [6] Muri 2012, abagera kuri 4% gusa ni bo batari bafite ubwishingizi.mu mwaka 2020 mu Rwanda ibigo by' ubwishingizi nka RSSB abanyamuryango barishyuriwe 97.9%.   

**Perezida Paul Kagame** yavuze ko ubuvuzi ari kimwe mu byashyizwe imbere muri gahunda y’iterambere rya Vision 2020, [7] azamura amafaranga y’ubuvuzi kugera kuri 6.5% by’umusaruro rusange w’igihugu mu mwaka 2013, [8] ugereranije na 1.9% mu mwaka 1996. [9] Guverinoma yahaye inkunga n’imicungire y’ubuvuzi abaturage, binyuze muri gahunda y’ubwishingizi bw’ubuzima bita *mutuelles de santé* . [5] *Mutuelles* yageragejwe mu mwaka 1999, kandi ikwira mu gihugu hose mu mwaka 2000 hagati, hifashishijwe abafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga mu iterambere. [5] Mutuelles iboneka kandi igacungwa ku rwego turere mirongo itatu tugize u Rwanda. Hariho kandi gahunda zitandukanye zubwishingizi bwubuzima bwigihugu kubakozi ba leta n'abasirikare. 

Amafaranga yatanzwe muri iyi gahunda bwa mbere yari amadolari y'Amerika kumwaka; kuva mu mwaka wa 2011 igipimo cyagiye gitandukana ukurikije ubutunzi, aho abaturage bakennye cyane bagize uburenganzira ku bwishingizi bw'indwara ku buntu ndetse n'abakire bakishyura amadorari y'Amerika 8 ku muntu mukuru. [11] Mu mwaka 2014  , abaturage barenga 90% bari bafite ubwishingizi. [12] Guverinoma yashyizeho kandi ibigo by’amahugurwa birimo ikigo nderabuzima cya Kigali (KHI), cyashinzwe mu mwaka 1997 [13] ubu kikaba kiri muri kaminuza y’u Rwanda . Mu mwaka 2005, **Perezida Kagame** yatangije kandi gahunda izwi ku izina *rya Gahunda ya Perezida mu kurwanya Malariya* .  Iyi gahunda yari igamije gufasha kubona ibikoresho nkenerwa mu gukumira malariya cyane cyane mu byaro, nk'inzitiramubu n'imiti. U Rwanda rukurikiza icyitegererezo cy’ubuzima rusange, gitanga ubwishingizi bw’ubuzima binyuze muri *mutuelles de santé* .  Iyo Sisitemu ni gahunda y’ubwishingizi bw’ubuzima bw'abaturage, aho abatuye mu gace runaka bishyura amafaranga mu kigega cy’ubuzima cyaho, kandi bakaba bashobora kuyakuramo igihe bakeneye ubuvuzi. Amafaranga yishyurwa akurikije igipimo, aho abatindi nyakujya bafite uburenganzira bwo kwivuza kubuntu, mugihe abakire bishyura amafaranga menshi kandi bakagira nandi bishyura mu kwivuza. 

Mu mwaka wa 2012, hafi 45% ya sisitemu yatewe inkunga no kwishyura amafaranga menshi, asigaye ava mu nkunga ya leta n'abaterankunga mpuzamahanga. 

## Ubushobozi
Sisitemu y’ubuzima y’u Rwanda ifite ibigo nderabuzima 499, ibiro by’ubuzima 680 bigira uruhare runini muri gahunda z’ubuvuzi nko gukingira na serivisi zo kuboneza urubyaro, amavuriro menshi, n’ibitaro 42 by’akarere.  Imidugudu y'igihugu iba ifite abajyanama b'ubuzima. Hari ibitaro bine byoherezwamo indembe ku rwego rw'igihugu,  aribyo bitaro byigisha bya kaminuza bya Kigali, ibitaro byigisha bya kaminuza bya Butare, ibitaro bya King Faisal Kigali n'ibitaro bya gisirikare byo mu Rwanda. Abateye imbere muri bo ni ibitaro byitiriwe umwami Faisal, byigenga ku buryo bugamije inyungu na guverinoma ariko bikagira uruhare muri gahunda y’ubwishingizi bw’ubuzima ku rwego rw’igihugu, bityo bikakira abarwayi boherejwe n’ibindi bitaro n’amavuriro. Nibyo bitaro byateye imbere cyane mu Rwanda, bifite imashini ya CT na MRI, imashini ebyiri za dialyse, hamwe nubushobozi butandukanye bwo kubaga.

Amavuriro y'u Rwanda afite ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi by'ibanze hamwe n'akabati k'imiti ya ngombwa. Ibitaro byakarere bitanga serivisi zibanze zo kubaga, kandi byose bifite byibuze abaganga 15. Abakeneye ubuvuzi buhanitse kandi bwihariye boherezwa muri kimwe mu bitaro bine byoherezwamo indembe mu gihugu. Mu gihugu hari ibigo bitanu byita ku barwayi, ikigo cya kanseri mu Rwanda giherereye mu bitaro bya Butaro, n'ibitaro bine byoherezwamo indembe ku rwego rw'igihugu.  

 
Hari ihuriro ryabajyanama b'ubuzima bashinzwe ubuzima 58.286 batanga ubuvuzi bw'ibanze mu midugudu 14.837.

U Rwanda rufite abaganga bacye, rwari rufite abaganga 0,84 gusa, barimo abaforomo, n'ababyaza kubantu 1000 mu 2013. [18] Ishami 

ry'Umuryango w'abibumye ryita ku iterambere (UNDP) rikurikirana iterambere ry'ubuzima mu Rwanda hagamijwe kugera ku ntego z'ikinyagihumbi 4-6, zikaba zifitanye isano nubuvuzi. Raporo ya UNDP rwagati mu mwaka wa 2015 yavuze ko u Rwanda rwari rutaragera ku ntego ya 4 ku mfu z'abana, nubwo "zari zaragabanutse cyane"; [19] igihugu "kirimo gutera imbere" kigana ku ntego ya 5, ari yo kugabanya bitatu bya kane by’imfu z’ababyeyi bapfa babyara, [20] mu gihe intego ya 6 itaragerwaho kuko ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA butaratangira kugabanuka. [21]

U Rwanda rwashyizeho gahunda y’imyaka irindwi rwatangiye mu mwaka wa 2013 rugaragaza abarimu b’ubuvuzi n’abaganga babarirwa mu magana baturutse mu bigo 25 by’ubuvuzi byo muri Amerika, birimo Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubuvuzi rya Harvard, Ishuri ry’Ubuvuzi rya Yale, n’Ishuri ry’Ubuvuzi rya Duke, bahugura abakozi b’ubuvuzi bo mu Rwanda kandi bashyiraho amahugurwa na gahunda yo gutura, nyuma y'imyaka irindwi,biteganyijwe ko izayoborwa na guverinoma y'u Rwanda n'ingengo y’imari yayo, abarimu, n’abaganga bayo. 

## Reba kandi
* Ubuzima mu Rwanda

## Inyandiko

## Reba