Uburenganzira ku Buzima bw’Iganga mu Ikoranabuhanga (Right to Privacy in the Digital Age)

**Uburenganzira ku Buzima bw’Iganga mu Ikoranabuhanga** ni uburenganzira bw’umuntu bwo kugira amakuru ye bwite, uburyo asangirwa, n’uko akoreshwa n’abakoresha ikoranabuhanga ku isi yose.

## Inkomoko y’Uburenganzira ku Buzima bw’Iganga
Uburenganzira ku buzima bwite bw’umuntu (privacy) bufite inkomoko mu mategeko mpuzamahanga arengera uburenganzira bwa muntu, nk’UDHR Ingingo ya 12 n’ICESCR Ingingo ya 17. Mu gihe cy’ikoranabuhanga, ubu burenganzira bwiyongereye kubera:

* Gukusanywa kw’amakuru menshi ku baturage n’ibigo by’ikoranabuhanga.
* Kwandikwa n’ikoreshwa ry’amakuru ku murandasi (social media, apps, websites).
* Ihuriro ry’ibihugu n’imiryango mpuzamahanga rigamije kubungabunga privacy.

### Agaciro k’Uburenganzira ku Buzima bw’Iganga
Uburenganzira ku buzima bwite mu ikoranabuhanga burimo:

* Kumenya no kugenzura amakuru yawe bwite.
* Guhitamo uburyo amakuru yawe asangirwa ku murandasi.
* Kurengerwa igihe amakuru yawe yakoreshejwe mu buryo butemewe.

### Imbonerahamwe: Ibyiciro by’Uburenganzira ku Buzima bw’Iganga mu Ikoranabuhanga

## Amategeko Mpuzamahanga arengera Uburenganzira ku Buzima bw’Iganga
Uburenganzira ku buzima bwite (privacy) mu ikoranabuhanga burengerwa n’amategeko mpuzamahanga atandukanye, arimo:

### Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
-Ingingo ya 12: Ntihagomba guhonyorwa ubuzima bwite bw’umuntu, urugo rwe, amakuru ye bwite cyangwa ibaruwa ze. Uburenganzira bwo kurindwa gucibwa bugufi bwubahirizwa kandi bufatwa nk’ingenzi mu isi yose.

### International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)
Ingingo ya 17:Ntihagomba guhonyorwa ubuzima bwite cyangwa amakuru bwite y’umuntu. Buri gihugu gifite inshingano zo kubahiriza no kurengera ubuzima bwite bw’abaturage bacyo, harimo no mu ikoranabuhanga.

### European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
- Itegeko ry’Uburayi ryo kurengera amakuru y’abaturage ku murandasi, rikubiyemo uburenganzira bwo kumenya, kugenzura, no gusaba ko amakuru yawe bwite asibwa cyangwa ahindurwe.

### Imbonerahamwe: Amategeko n’Amabwiriza y’Isi Hose ku Buzima bw’Iganga

## Ingero z’Isi Hose ku Buzima bw’Iganga mu Ikoranabuhanga
Uburenganzira ku buzima bwite mu ikoranabuhanga burakurikiranwa mu bihugu bitandukanye, hifashishijwe amategeko n’inzego zishinzwe kurengera amakuru y’abaturage.

### Uburenganzira bwa Privacy muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (USA)
Mu USA, amategeko nka California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) arengera ubuzima bwite bw’abaturage, ndetse no kugenzura amakuru y’abakoresha urubuga. Abaturage bafite uburenganzira bwo kumenya, gusaba gusibanganya cyangwa guhindura amakuru yabo bwite.

### Uburenganzira bwa Privacy mu Burayi
Itegeko rya GDPR ryo mu Burayi ritanga uburenganzira ku makuru bwite, rituma abaturage bamenya neza amakuru abacisha bugufi, uburyo akoreshwa, n’uburenganzira bwo kuyasiba cyangwa kuyahindura.

### Uburenganzira bwa Privacy muri Koreya y’Epfo
Koreya y’Epfo ifite amategeko akomeye yo kurengera amakuru y’abaturage ku murandasi (Personal Information Protection Act, PIPA). Abaturage bafite uburenganzira bwo kumenya uburyo amakuru yabo akoreshwa, kandi ibigo bigomba gukurikiza amabwiriza akomeye yo kubika amakuru.

### Imbonerahamwe: Ibihugu n’Uburenganzira bwa Privacy mu Ikoranabuhanga

## Imbogamizi n’Inzitizi mu Kurengera Uburenganzira ku Buzima bw’Iganga
N’ubwo hari amategeko arengera ubuzima bwite mu bihugu byinshi, hari ibibazo bikomeye bikigaragara mu isi yose:

* Ihohoterwa ry’amakuru n’ukwiba amakuru (data breaches) ku bigo by’ikoranabuhanga.
* Gukusanywa kw’amakuru ataboneye (surveillance) n’ibihugu n’ibigo byigenga.
* Kutagira amategeko akomeye mu bihugu bimwe bituma uburenganzira bwa privacy butubahirizwa.

### Imbonerahamwe: Ibihugu n’Inzitizi ku Buzima bw’Iganga mu Ikoranabuhanga

## Uruhare rw’Imiryango Mpuzamahanga mu Kurengera Uburenganzira bwa Privacy
Imiryango mpuzamahanga nka OHCHR, UNESCO, na Internet Governance Forum (IGF) ifite uruhare rukomeye mu gukurikirana no gushyigikira uburenganzira ku buzima bwite mu ikoranabuhanga. Iyi miryango ishyiraho amategeko, raporo, n’ingamba zo kurengera amakuru y’abantu ku isi yose.

### Imbonerahamwe: Imiryango Mpuzamahanga n’Ibikorwa byayo mu Kurengera Privacy

## References


*
* Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF). *Privacy.* EFF
* CNET (2023). *Biggest Data Breaches of All Time.* CNET
* UNESCO (2023). *Ethics of Science and Technology.* UNESCO
* Internet Governance Forum (IGF). IGF
* Human Rights Watch (2023). *China Country Report.* HRW China 2023