Ubuhinzi

## Ubuhinzi n’Iterambere
Ubunzi ni imirimo ijyanye no gutera ibimera, gusarura n'indi mirimo bijyanye. Urwego rw’ubuhinzi ni ingirakamaro mu bukungu bw’u Rwanda. Urwego rw’ubuhinzi rwariyongereye rugira impuzandengo ya 9,5 ku ijana mu bihe bya 1996 - 2000; ariko, iryo zamuka ryagabanutse mu kigero cya 4,8 ku ijana z’ubwiyongere buri mwaka mu 2001-2006 aho bwabaye ku buryo bugoranye igice cy’ubwiyongere bwabonetse mu gihe cyabanje cy’imyaka 5 (ROR 2007).

## Umusaruro
Umusaruro w’ibihingwa mu 2008 wabaye munini cyane muri rusange, 14.8 ku ijana. Habayeho na none ubwiyongere ku musaruro w’ibiribwa no ku bihingwa bijyanwa mu mahanga bwa 16,4 na 13,5 ku ijana kuri buri cyiciro.Mu 2001, uruhare rwo mu urwego rw’ubuhinzi muri PIB rwari hafi 46 ku ijana mu buryo nyakuri, rukaba rwari rugize 80 ku ijana ry’ibicuruzwa bisohoka. - Uruhare rwo mu urwego rw’ubuhinzi mu mizamukire rusange ya PIB mu mwaka w’i 2007 rwari 6.3 ku ijana. - Nubwo umusanzu w’ubuhinzi mu musaruro mbumbe w’igihugu wagabanutse, PIB ikomeza kuzamuka cyane. Ishyira mu kazi **ku kigero cya 86.3 %** by’abakozi bose mu gihugu. - Kuri ubu, urwego rw’ubuhinzi rufite hafi uruhare rwa 30 ku ijana mu mizamukire y’u Rwanda, bityo ruza kuba urwego rw’ingirakamaro mu iterambere ry’igihugu. Ni ngombwa mu gushyira mu bikorwa intego zivugwa muri EDPRS no mu cyerekezo 2020.

## Ibibazo by’ibidukikije by’ingenzi
Ibibazo by’ibanze binaniza iboneka ry’umusaruro mu buhinzi bigizwe n’ubucucike buhanitse bw’abaturage ku mutungo w’ubutaka udahagije. Ibi byaganishije ku isaranganywa ry’ubutaka n’igabanuka ry’ubugari bw’ahantu habyazwa umusaruro, ku gukomeza guhinga ibihingwa byinshi ku butaka butarazwa kandi bufite imbogamizi y’isuri, ku ihingwa ry’ubutaka risubirwamo kandi hatongerwamo ibitunga ubutaka, ku mihingire y’uburyo burambuye no kuri za serivisi z’ubushakashatsi zidahwitse no ku ibura rikabije rw’ubusugire igihe cy’ingorane zikomoka ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere nk’impeshyi cyangwa imvura y'amahindu ari byo bitera igabanuka ry’uburumbuke bw’ubutaka n’igabanuka ry’itangwa ry’umusaruro mu amaherezo.

## Girinka
Gahunda y’Umuryango Umwe Inka Imwe (Gira Inka) yabaye ingirakamaro mu guteza imbere amoko y’inka za kijyambere hagati y’Abanyarwanda; bitari gusa mu kugira imirire myiza n’inyungu zijyanye n’umusaruro w’amata n’uw’ibicuruzwa, ariko na none mu kubona ifumbire ikomoka ku binyabuzima igakoreshwa mu kunoza umusaruro ukomoka ku buhinzi.

## Amasambu
Amasambu ni mato cyane muri rusange, kuba hari ingo zirenze 60 ku ijana zihinga mu nsi ya 0,7 ha, 50 ku ijana zihinga mu nsi ya 0,5 ha, n’izirenze 25 ku ijana zihinga mu nsi ya 0,2 ha (ROR 2008). - Iki kibazo kirushaho gukomezwa n’ukuntu amenshi mu masambu afite amapariseli anyuranye kandi anyanyagiye, amenshi muri yo akaba mato. Ubuto bw’amasambu buturuka ku ngufu nyinshi cyane zisabwa ubutaka kubera ubwiyongere bukabije bw’abaturage ku buso butabifitiye ubushobozi. Hejuru y’ibyo, imico n’imigenzereze y’izungura igizwe no kugaba ubutaka hagati y’abana umuntu yabyaye na byo byongereye ibibazo.

## Ubuhinzi
Ubuhinzi bukorwa mu manga z’ibitwa n’iz’imisozi, n’uko bugenda bwiyongera ku itemwa ry’amashyamba, bwatumye habaho iyangirika ry’ubutaka n’isuri. Hafi 40 ku ijana by’igihugu cy’u Rwanda byafashwe na FAO nk’ibishobora guhura n’isuri ihambaye mu gihe ubuhinzi bugera kuri 37% bukeneye ingamba zijyanye no kuzitira ubutaka mbere yo guhinga. 23,4% gusa by’ubutaka bw’igihugu nta mbogamizi y’isuri bufite. - 31,2 ku ijana gusa by’ubuso bw’ubutaka buhingwamo bufite za tekinike zijyanye no kuburizamo isuri. Hafi 36,5% by’igihugu birinzwe n’amaterasi.

## Ibindi

Muri rusange, igihugu kizwiho kuba cyatakaza toni miliyoni 1,4 y’ubutaka ku mwaka. Ibi bihwanye n'imanuka ry’ubushobozi bw’igihugu bwo kugaburira abantu 40.000 ku mwaka. - Nk’urugero, ingo zigeze kuri 80 ku ijana mu turere duhanamye nka Ruhengeri zisigaye zihura n’igabanuka ry’umusaruro bitewe n’isuri (Musahara 2006). - Ifumbire ikomoka ku binyabuzima ni yo ubu ikoreshwa na 69 ku ijana guse by’amasambu ahingwamo kuri 59 ku ijana by’ubuso buhingwaho ugereranije na 95 ku ijana na 70 ku ijana mbere y’intambara.Icyenda ku ijana by’abahinzi bakoreshaga imiti yica udukoko kuri 5 ku ijana by’ubutaka bwahinzwe igihe cy’ihinga cya 2000A. Imibare yerekeranye n’ifumbire n’ishwagara yerekana ko 5 ku ijana by’amasambu ahingwamo byakoreshaga uburyo bw’ifumbire kuri 3 ku ijana by’ubuso bwahinzwe. Iyi mibare ari gato mu nsi y’iya 1991 (7 ku ijana by’amasambu ajyanye n’ubuhinzi na 5 ku ijana by’ubuso).

## Akamaro k'ubuhinzi mu Rwanda

Ubuhinzi bufite akamaro kanini ku bukungu bw’u Rwanda kuko bwinjiza kimwe cya gatatu cy’umusaruro mbumbe w’igihugu. Uru rwego ruha akazi abarenga bibiri bya gatatu by’abakozi bose mu gihugu kandi iterambere rishingiye ku buhinzi ryitezweho kugira uruhare runini mu kurwanya ubukene no guca ubukene bukabije. Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yiyemeje guhindura urwego rw'ubuhinzi rukava ku kigero cyo  guhinga ibitunga imiryango rukaba urwego rutanga umusaruro mwinshi kandi mwiza, rugemurira isoko kandi rufasha mu kuzamura izindi nzego z’ubukungu. Ibi bizagerwaho binyuze muri gahunda zitandukanye zishyirwa mu bikorwa na Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi (MINAGRI) n’ibigo biyishamikiyeho, ariko ikabifashwamo n’Urwego rw’Abikorera, abafatanyabikorwa mu iterambere ndetse n’abandi bireba bose.

## AMASHAKIRO