Ubuhanzi bushingiye ku bidukikije (Environmental art)

**Ubuhanzi bushingiye ku bidukikije** ni ibikorwa bitandukanye byubuhanzi bikubiyemo inzira zamateka y’ibidukikije mu buhanzi ndetse n’ibikorwa bya vuba by’ibidukikije na politiki.   Ubuhanzi bushingiye ku bidukikije bwahindutse buva ku mpungenge zemewe, urugero nk'ibikorwa by'ubutaka bukomeye bifashisha isi nk'ibikoresho by'ibishushanyo, bigana ku mibanire yimbitse na sisitemu, inzira n'ibikorwa bifitanye isano n'imibereho.  Uburyo rusange bw’imibereho n’ibidukikije bwateje imbere nkimyitwarire, kugarura ibintu byagaragaye mu myaka ya za 90.  Mu myaka icumi ishize ubuhanzi bushingiye ku bidukikije bwabaye ikintu cyibanze ku imurikagurisha ku isi mu gihe imibereho n’umuco by’imihindagurikire y’ikirere biza ku isonga.

Ijambo "ubuhanzi bushingiye ku bidukikije" rikubiyemo impungenge "ibidukikije" ariko ntabwo ryihariye kuri bo.  Byishimira cyane cyane guhuza umuhanzi na kamere ukoresheje ibikoresho bisanzwe.   Igitekerezo cyunvikana neza mubijyanye nisi yamateka / Ubuhanzi bwubutaka hamwe niterambere ryubuhanzi bwibidukikije. Umwanya uratandukanye muburyo abahanzi bashinzwe ibidukikije bakira ibitekerezo bivuye muri siyanse na filozofiya. Imyitozo ikubiyemo itangazamakuru gakondo, itangazamakuru rishya nuburyo bukomeye bwimibereho. Akazi gakubiyemo ibintu byinshi nyaburanga / ibidukikije kuva mu cyaro, kugera mu mijyi no mu mijyi kimwe n'inganda zo mu mijyi / icyaro.

Andi magambo yerekeza cyangwa yerekeye ubuzima bw’ibidukikije harimo ubuzima rusange bw’ibidukikije no kurengera ubuzima.

## Amateka: gushushanya ibibanza no kwerekana

Abashushanya muri iki gihe, nka Diane Burko bagereranya ibintu bisanzwe - n'impinduka zabyo uko ibihe bigenda bisimburana - kugira ngo bagaragaze ibibazo by’ibidukikije, bashimangira imihindagurikire y’ikirere.   Imiterere ya Alexis Rockman yerekana uburyo budasanzwe bwo kubona imihindagurikire y’ikirere ndetse n’uburyo abantu bagira uruhare mu yandi moko hakoreshejwe ubwubatsi. 

## Kurwanya imiterere gakondo

Iterambere ry'ubuhanzi bushingiye ku bidukikije nka "mouvement" ryatangiye mu mpera za 1960 no mu ntangiriro ya za 70. Mu byiciro byayo byambere byari bifitanye isano cyane n’ibishushanyo - cyane cyane ibihangano byihariye bya site, ubuhanzi bwubutaka na Arte povera - byavutse kubera kunegura kunenga imiterere n’ibishushanyo gakondo byagaragaye ko bitajyanye n'igihe kandi bishoboka ko bidahuye n’ibidukikije. 

Mu Kwakira 1968, Robert Smithson yateguye imurikagurisha ryabereye i Dwan Gallery i New York ryiswe “Isi.” Ibikorwa muri iki gitaramo byateje ikibazo ku myumvire isanzwe yerekana imurikagurisha no kugurisha, kubera ko byari binini cyane cyangwa bitoroshye ku buryo byakusanywa; benshi bagaragajwe namafoto gusa, bakomeza gushimangira ko barwanya kugura.  Kuri aba bahanzi bahunga imbibi za galereyo hamwe nibitekerezo bigezweho byagezweho no kuva mumijyi bakajya mubutayu.

## Kwinjira ahantu rusange no mumijyi

Nkuko ibikorwa byubutaka mubutayu bwiburengerazuba byakuze mubitekerezo byo gushushanya ibibanza, ubwiyongere bwubuhanzi rusange bwashishikarije abahanzi kwishora mumijyi nkibindi bidukikije ndetse nkurubuga rwo guhuza ibitekerezo nibitekerezo bijyanye nibidukikije kubantu benshi. . Mugihe iki gikorwa cyambere cyakozwe ahanini mubutayu bwiburengerazuba bwabanyamerika, impera za za 1970 nintangiriro za 1980 habonetse imirimo yimukira mubantu rusange. Abahanzi nka Robert Morris batangiye kwishora mu mashami yintara na komisiyo ishinzwe ubuhanzi rusange kugirango bakore ibihangano ahantu rusange nko mu rwobo rwa kaburimbo.  Herbert Bayer yakoresheje uburyo nk'ubwo maze ahitamo gukora Mill Creek Canyon Earthworks mu 1982. Uyu mushinga wakoze imirimo nko kurwanya isuri, ahantu ho kuba ikigega mugihe cyimvura nyinshi, na parike ya hegitari 2,5 mugihe cyizuba.  Igitabo cyibanze cya Lucy Lippard, kijyanye n’ubukorikori bw’ubutaka bwa none n’ibibanza byabanjirije amateka, byasuzumye uburyo iyi mico yabanjirije amateka, imiterere n'amashusho "byapfukiranaga" imirimo y'abahanzi b'iki gihe bakorana n'ubutaka na sisitemu kamere. 

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