Ingwara iterwa n’umugera wa Ebola

**Ingwara iterwa n'umugera wa Ebola** (**EVD**) canke **Ingwara y'ukuvira imbere no gushuha ya Ebola** (**EHF**) ni ingwara ifata abantu iterwa n'Umugera wa Ebola. Ibimenyetso bitangura inyuma y'indwi zibiri canke zitatu umuntu afashwe n'uwo mugera, igafatira k'ubushuhe, kubabara mu muhogo, kubabara mu mitsi, hamwe no kumeneka umutwe. Ahanini iseseme, kuyorwa no  gucibwamwo nivyo bikurikira, bifatanije no gucika intege vy'igitigu hamwe n'amafyigo. Kuri urwo rugero, abantu bamwe baca batangura kugira ingorane yo kuvirirana amaraso.

Uyo mugera ushobora kwandurwa bitewe n'amaraso canke amazi yo ku mubiri y'igikoko kirwaye (cane cane inkende canke uduhungarema). Kwandura biciye mu kirere ntibiratangazwa neza mu nyandiko. Ubuhungarema bavuga ko bushobora gutwara no gukwiragiza uyo mugera ariko bwo ntibwandure. Igihe umuntu afashwe, ingwara irashobora guca ikwiragira mu bandi bantu. Abagabo bakiriho barashobora gukwiragiza iyo ngwara biciye mu ntanga mu gihe cababa amezi abiri. Mukuyisuzuma, ahanini izindi ngwara bisangiye ibimenyetso nka malaria, korera hamwe n'izindi ziterwa n'imigera zirangwa no kuva amaraso no gushuha babanza kuzikuramwo. Mu kwemeza inyishu, ibipimo vy'amaraso birasubirwamwo gusuzumwa ku vyerekeye utugera tw'abasoda b'umubiri, utugera twa RNA, canke uwo mugera ubwawo.

Kuyirwanya harimwo kuyibuza gukwiragira iva mu nkende zanduye canke ingurube ija mu bantu. Ivyo bishobora gukorwa mu gusuzuma ivyo bikoko hama bikicwa maze bigahambwa neza ku buryo butegekanywa, mu gihe iyo ngwara imaze kugaragara. Guteka inyama neza no kwikingira mu gihe uriko urakorakora inyama birashobora gufasha, co kimwe no kwambara ibikingira umubiri no gukaraba mu minwe igihe uri hafi y'uwurwaye iyo ngwara. Ivyakoze mu gupima canke ivyambarwa vy'abantu barwaye iyo ngwara bitegerezwa gufatwa mu buryo bwo kugaba cane.

Nta muti uraboneka w'iyo ngwara; mu kugira inguvu zo gufasha abantu bamaze kugrwara iyo ngwara harimwo kubaha amazi y'ubuzima (amazi arimwo agasukari n'akunyu) canke serumu. Iyo ngwara iri hejuru ku vyerekeye urugero rwo kwica: kenshi ishobora kwica hagati y'ibice 50% na 90% vy'abafashwe. EVD yatanyuye kumenyekana muri Sudani no muri Republika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Iyo ngwara ahanini ikunda kwaduka nk'ikiza mu burere bwegereye tropike bwa Africa yo munsi ya Sahara. Kuva mu 1976 (Igihe iyo ngwara yamenyekana) gushika mu 2013, abantu bari munsi y'1,000 ku mwaka nibo bamaze gufatwa. Ikiza gikomeye gushika ubu ni Ikiza ca Ebola co mu 2014 muri Afrika y'Uburengerazuba, kimaze gufata Guinee, Sierra Leone, Liberiya nkeka no muri Nigeriya. Gushika muri Myandagaro abarwayi bashika nibo bamaze kumenyekana. Inguvu ziriko ziragirwa kugira haboneke urucanco; ariko nta na rumwe ruraboneka.

## Inyandiko zafatiweko

; Urutonde rw'Inyandiko

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## Izindi mbuga

* ViralZone: Ebola-like viruses – Virological repository from the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
* CDC: Ebola hemorrhagic fever – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Special Pathogens Branch
* WHO: Ebola haemorrhagic fever – World Health Organization, Global Alert and Response
* Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR): Filoviridae
* 3D macromolecular structures of the Ebola virus archived in the EM Data Bank (EMDB)
* Google Map of Ebola Outbreaks
* WHO recommended infection control measures