open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Chiba le romenge

Pashal i Romani Chib Vay Romane Rakhepen so avel le phurendar le Romenge trebulas tay trebul te janen vi le Chibya le Gadjenge mashkar savyenge jivisaren. Si Romane jāte (neamurya) so bistarden i Romani Chib vay numa kotora latar. Akana von phenen Gadjikane Chibya vax avere neve Chibiya (vay dialekturya) so xamisaren Gadjikane gramatika tay Gadjikane lava le Romane Lavensa.
 
Le Kale den duma mashkar lende le dialektesa navyardo *kalo*. O kalo si les spaniyolikani gramatika vi spaniyolikane lava tay but romane Lava. Kado si phendo akana andi Spaniya, Portugaliya, Sudutni Fransiya tay Sudutni Amerika .
 
Le Rudari (boyash, lingurari) phenen yekh Chib so avel andar o rumunikano dialekto le 16-to shelbersheske thai le romane vi magyarikane lavensa. 
 
Aver Rakhepenya le romenge:
*Anglo-Romani - le Romnichale andar i Bari Britaniya tay e Phandavde Thema (USA) phenen la 
*Skandoromani - le Romenge andar e Skandinaviya
*Lomavren - le Romenge andar e Armeniya
*Yelenikano-Romani - le Romenge andar e Yelenistan
* Sintengero Rakhepen - le Sintenge andar e Jermaniya
Si roma so phenen akana numa Gadje Chibiya, sar si but Vaatrasha roma andar i Rumuniya (so den duma rumunikanes) vai but Xoraxane Roma andar i Bulgariya (so phenen turkikanes).

## Vi dikh
*Romani ćhib

## Xalyarimata



 
## Avrutne phandimata
*Janglimata po kalo andi spaniyolikani
Desi

**Desi (देसी)** (vay *deshi* ढेशी) si yek nav e manushenge so jiven ando Indikano Subbarodvip (e thema: Indiya, Shri Lanka, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh) vay aven kothar. Si yek moderno nav tay avel tar o sanskritikano lav देशः (*deshah*) so si "them", "day phuv" andi romani. *Desi* navyaren pen vi sa le butya so aven andar o Subbarodvip sar xaben, xuryavipen, gilya, filmurya tay kana labyardo, arakhel i pativ, o baripen le kadale butyende.

O nav labyardilo yekto andi Nordutni Amerika tay Bari Britaniya. But manusha andar o Subbarodvio gelen ande kodola thema te keren buti te aven lenge love. Von sas duryarde lenge themendar tay  kamlen len but. Dikhlen vi so miyazutne si von (makar yek si indikano, aver pakistanikano, kolaver bangladeshikano tay sa kadya) mashkar le gorende (*gora* - "parno manush" vi nav andar i sanskritikani). Atunchi shirden te navyaren yek avreste *desi* vay *deshi* (manush andar i "day phuv") vi sa le butya andar o Subbarovip  avile *desi* vay *deshi*. Kon vay so chi avel kothar si विदेशी *videshi* (romani: " bideshi").

O nav sigo avilo palpale ando Subkontinento tay avilo but mishto te na may kerel dosha kana varekon del duma pe sa e manusha vay sa i phuv kothar. Le videshi acharyaren te navyaren indikano sa so avel kothar. Ama i Indiya si numa yek kotor, le manusha le avre themenge na kamen te navyarel len indikane. Atunchi te del savorenge pativ tay te na kerel problemurya, mishto sas i phuv te navyarel la o (Indikano) Subbarodvip vay Sudutni Asiya vi e manushen desi.

Le desi andar o Oksidento kerden yek desi kultura. Butshunde si le desi so lekhaven sar Salman Rushdi, Anita Desay, RK Narayan, Monika Ali tay aver. Bashavne sar Punjabi MC, Apache Indian, Junun si kamlyarne vi ando Oksidento vi andi Sudutni Asiya. I desi xaben si akana yek andar may mangle xamata.

Po shirdipenaste, e aver manusha (le videshi) chi janglen mishto so si kado lav, anda kodya so nichi le desi chi phenen but pe lendar kodolende. Akana avel may janglo, kana si but restoranturya desi ando Oksidento vi MTV kerel *MTV Desi* ande Phandavde Thema (USA).

## Vi dikh

*ABCD

## Avrutne phandimata

*yekh site po desi lekhipen
*o yekhipen le Sudutni Asiyake lillekhitoriya
*yekh asochiacia so arakhel le desiyenge xakaya
Banjara

**Banjara** si yek  desi jātī (kasta, nasiya, seloro) so aven andar o Rajastân. Lengo chib si i lambadi (lamani) http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=lmn, yek rajputikani chib tar e indo-ariyanikane  chiba. Von phenen vi le chiba le manushenge andar teritorurya kay jivisaren (marathi, telugu, kannada tay aver). But lendar chi may phenen lambadi.

## Puranipen
Dumult von jivisarden ando Rajastan, ando oksident le Indikane Subbarodivpeske. Kana e  musulmanurya kerder maripen ande kodole riga (o 11-to shelbersh), but lendar trebulen te nashen. Akana cira jivisaren ando Rajastan. E kolaver si andi Maharashtra, Jarkhand, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka tay aver thema la Indiyake. But shelbersha von akyararden te phirel le lenge guruvensa andar le nordutne tay mashkarutne riga le Subbarodvipeske (sas phirutne jene). Von kerden love ingerindos marfurya (dyiv, orezo, bumbako, thai aver) yek thanestar aver thaneste opre le guruvenge dumende. De kana inklen e moderne transportoske mashkara von trebulas te beshen ande forurya tay  gava.

E banjarenge phure janen tay mothoven puranimata de kana telyarden e Rajastânestar. Von sas yek râjputikano (xelavdo) grupo tay  marden but bersha zurales e musulmanensa, but thema e forurya kothar sas peravde. Ando kodo vaxt, kana e musulmanurya kana e hindustanurya sas may zurale. Von may phenen so nishte manusha lendar gelen ando oksidento, ko Afganisthan tay Fârsiya pe Khiber, Bolan tay Mulla playinenge tangimata tay chi avilen palpale.

## Banjara tay roma
Kana janglen pe roma von den godi so kadala si e gele. Von kerden nishte rodimata (vi inklisti yek rivista, *Banjara roma*), den duma le romensa so arakhlen. Vi de kana aver manusha shunden kadava, navyaren len Gypsy, Banjara Gypsy vay Banjara Roma (e evropenurya janen may mishto le romen). Von phenen so e duy sela miyazon pen (vi e roma vi e banjara den but pativ lenge familiyende, e juvlya xuryaven miazutne sâle...).

Tar e kerde rodimata dudalo si e roma aven andar o Râjastân tayo Pûnjab tay mekhlen kodole thana po 11-to shelbersh (kana sas o maripen le musulmanurenge le hindustanensa). Pal nai kerdo ji akana yek seriozo rodipen pe roma tay e banjara kethanes te xalyarel so si puranipen tay so si paramichi ande mothovimata le banjarenge, kashte janas e roma si kodola gele vay na.

## Dikh vi
Proto-Rroma

## Avrutne phandimata
*janglimata pe banjaren
*yekh banjarikano site
*nishte foto le banjarenge
ABCD

**ABCD** (tar i Anglizikani "american born confused desi" - *desi bidudalo biyandivdo kay Amerika*) si yek nav le desiyenge biyandidivde andi Amerika tay lenge dad tay day aven andar o Subbarodvip. Von si sira bidudale sostar yek kultura dikhen khere tay aver avri, mashkar e parne manushen (e gore).
O nav shirdiyas te avel labyardo vi ando Subbarodvip sar *IBCD* (*desi bidudalo biyandivdo andi [[Indiya]]*), PBCD (ando Pakistan) tay e avre themende. Vi kathe i kultura so avel tar le phure si verver la moderne kulturatar. Kadya buti kerel la ternen te aven "bidudale".

## Vi dikh:

* Desi
Pativ

**Pativ** si yek but vastno (imسكسportanto) elemento ando Romanipen (E Romani kultura). I pativ le avre romende tay le amare Romanipenaste keren le Roma te jivisaren khetanes tay te na xasaven pi Phuv.

E  Romenge pure anden kado lav andar o Indikano Subbardodvip. Vi akana arakhel pes ande indo-ariyanikane chibya. O yekto manay le laveske sas i pativ le prandime den yek avreste.

Pe Hindikanes si:
*पति (pati) - prandime Mursh, Rom
*पत्नी (patnî) - prandime Juvli, Romni
*पतियार (patiyâr) - pativ
*पतिया (patiyâ) - patyal
Romano lekhipen

O Rromano lekhipen vaj lekhavipen vaj lekhavimos si o metodo kaj labăren ël manuśa te xramosaren vaj lekhaven i Rromani ćhib.

O jekhto lekhipen le phure Rromenqo vaj ël Proto-Rromenqo sas i brahmî. Le may/po purane lekhimata la brahmijasa sas le zakonură le Aśokeske (3-to śelberś BC). Kado lekhipen bijandilăs but aver lekhimata ando sa o Indikano Subbarodvip, Sudestikani Asiya, Tibeto thaj śaj vi o koreanikano lekhipen hangul. Lesko ginengo sistèmo kerdilăs le hindû-arabîkane gina, labărde akana anda sa i lumă. Ando vaxt le Tagaripnasko Gupta(4-to şhelbershestar 6-to şhelbersheste AD) andar brahmī kerdilo o lekipen Gupta. Andar kadava avilyen le Şharada thai Siddham lekimata. Andar Siddham kerdilo o Devnagrī lekipen.

De kana le romenge phure telyarden andar o Indikano Subbarodvip von lekhaden Sira tay le avre lekipnasa. Akana o mai labyardo lekipen la romane çhibyaki si le latinikane lekipnasa. Andi Bulgariya, Rusiya e roma lekên le kirilikane lekipnasa. Si dosta roma so lekên le devânagâre lekipnasa (andi Nordutni Makedoniya, Rumuniya, şhay te avel aver thema). Kana amaro neamo xulavdo sas ande but thema but variante le latinikane lekipnaske inklyas (so miazon e lekimata le themenge manuşhenge). Ando berşh 1990 yek *Komisia vash e çhibiaki standardizasia* dias avri yek alfabêto te lekêl sa e roma lesa.

Ama ʒi akana but Rroma ći labăren sa o standardizuime lekhipen (niśte semnură vaj grafemură, sar *ç*, *θ* trebal te labăren pen butivar te xramosares laćhes anθ-i Rromani ćhib thaj anθar o fàpto kë but manuśa na-i len edukàcia anθ-i khetani Rromani ćhib, ći ʒanen sar te arakhen ël standardizuime grafemură p-e kompŭterosqe xramosaribnasqe aparatură thaj pala kodo lekhen bi lença). Baxtales si duj standardizuime fălură te xramosarel pes i Rromani ćhib thaj o alternatìvno standardizuime Rromano alfabèto si xramosardo bi-diakritikurĕnça. 

Anθ-i Maśkarutni vaj Ćentralno Evròpa maj si niśte lekhipnasqe ververimata kana avel vorba ël manuśenθar kaj na-i len edukàcia pal-i khetani Rromani ćhib. Ël bi-siklărde vaj cirra-ʒangle manuśa śaj labăren maj but ël gaʒikane-bazime ortografăqe sistemură. Anθ-e kadale fălură te xramosarel Rromani ćhib, ël manuśa labăren ël gaʒikane alfabetură te xramosaren Rromanes. Sar egzemplo, anθ-o Nămco śaj xramosaren i vorba *laćho* sar *latscho* vaj *lascho,* anθ-i Rumunia sajekh vorba kamas-avel *lacio* vaj *lașo* thaj anθ-e Frànco thaj Anglia avel *lacho* vaj *latcho* thaj *lasho* vaj *lacho*.

Si trin fălură te lekhel duj aśunimata: *Š*, *š* vi *Ś*, *ś* vi *Sh*, *sh* thaj o aver aśunimos, *Č*, *č* vi *Ć*, *ć* vi *Ch*, *ch*. I jèkhto grafèma si labărdi anθ-e thema Slovayko, Chexiya, Ungariya, Yugoslaviya (şhay te avel aver thema), sar ; o dûyto andi Rumuniya (Çhi arakhlyas pes ni yek misal ando drakipen). O trinto si labyardo andi Ungariya vi sa e Maşhkarthemutne Europate le but jenendar. Kado fal te si o mai labyardo sa e romendar le Ewropake  thai le kolavrenge Barodvipurenge.

## O Romano Vikipidiya Lekhipen

## Vi dikh

* Romani chib
Me penav: O rupi sas tal-i rota, sar tu penes?

Yek Rom!

## Xalyarimata
Vikipidiya

**Vîkîpidiya** si yek proyekto te kerdivel enchiklopedie ande sa e chibya la lumiyake. O proyekto shirden andi chon Pervonay le 2001 bershenske la anglisikani vîkîpediyasa. Shay te avel yek vîkîpediya pi fiteshsavi chib. Akana si la may but sar 220 ensiklopediya pe verver chibya ( shay te dikhes len). Shay te drabares o lako puranipen .

I Vîkîpediya labyarel mesto software (Richard Stallman godisardya kado konsepto).

Varekon sha te drabarel vay te lekhel janglimata kathe tay kana mangel te thol len le avre thaneste, trebul te liparel ke le janglimata avel la Vîkîpidiyatar.
Mesto software

**O Mesto Software** buchol kadya anda kodya so si o lesko mestipen le yekspresisaripenaste. Vov del mestipen le manushenge te labyaren les, te Sopisaren, roden, editisaren tay latcharen les. Si les shtar forme le mestipenaste te labyarel les:

# O mestipen te labyarel o programo, ando vareso agor (o mestipen 0).
# O mestipen te rodel sar jal o programo tay te adaptisarel les le pumenge mangimata (o mestipem 1). O shayutnipen te dikhel o *source code* si yek palekondisiya.
# O mestipen te kerel miyazutnimata te jutisarel le kolavrenge (o mestipen 2).
# O mestipen te latcharel o programo tay te mekhel le kolaver te dikhel le latcharimata (o mestipen 3). O shayutnipen te dikhel o *source code* si yek palekondisiya.

Yek programo si *Mesto Software* kana si les sa le kadala kondisiye. I mestipen te kerel kadya butya si vi ke chi trebul te mangel vay te del love te avel shaynipen te labyarel les.

## Avrutne phandimata

* le meste softwareski definicia
* janglimata katar o mesto software
* The best free softwares for Windows XP and Windows Vista
Patrinipen le themengo

Kadaya si ê Lekhepen lista le meste themenge la sundalake (anderyarindoy meste thema vi palal o zâkôno, *de jure* vi palal i relitetiya, *de facto*).

## Patrinipen le meste themengo

smart home

## Xalyarimata
* 1: Kadaya lista anderyarel sa le thema meste *de facto*.
* 2: Varesave thema si lenge umalurya so nay ki phuv le themeski. Buteder janglimata si ki Lista le bimeste umalurenge.
* 3: Varesave thema si opre-tele *fedralne*.
* 4: Varesave thema si lenge avtonomikane kotora.
* 5: I Ketnepen Makedoniya jangli vi sar *I Purani Yugoslaviyanikani Ketnepen la Makedoniyaki*.
* 6: Oksidentalutni Sahara: dik vi i Politika la Oksidentalutne Saharyaki
* 7: O them Felestine deklarisardo ando bersheste 1988 tay prinjardo tar varesave arabikane tay islamikane thema.
* 8: Kosovo (Kosova - Kosovo tay Metohiya / Косово и Метохија), yek autonomikano serbikano umal, si andi administrasiya la Organizasiyate le Phandle Themenge, andar le bersheste 1999.
* 9: Somaliya akana si yek them numa palal o zakono (*de jure*)
* 10: Vi janglo sar i Birmaniya (o purano prinjardo anav)
Rumuniya

**Remeniya** si yek them andi Mashkarutni Evropa. Si somdasno (membro) ando OTNA le 2004 to bershestar vi ando Evropikano Yekipen katar 1 Pervonay 2007 to bersheste.

## Anav
O themesko anav avel andar *român* (rumun) so avel andar *romanus*, thanutno la Romayako. Po shiridipnaste phendya pes vi *rumân* vi *român*. Numa ando 19 shelbersheste, kana barilo o nacionalismo ando akanutno than la Rumuniyako shirdyas te labyarel numa *român* te inklel mai pashal ko purano anav.

## Puranipen

Ando phurano vaht, i Rumuniya sas duy may tikne thema, vay tikne-thagarimata. Sako tikno thagaripen sas les yekh baro princo. O may zuralo tiknethagaripen buchholas ol Valahia thay o baro foro si o Bukuresto, hay o aver principaliteto sas i Moldavia thay pesko sherutno foro si o Kishinev.

May dur andi historia, dikhas ke e amperacikane khethanura e Romatar avile thay von sas len marimata e Dachenca kay sas len o thagar Dechebal. O thagar el Italianengo buchholas Trayan.

E Roma avile ande phuva sar Valahia thay Moldavia but bersha pala kodo, ama si but phandlo ki tema e Romanikani Amperaciaki soske e Roma kay avile but bersha pale marimata mashkar e Dechebaloste thay Trayanoste andar o Bizantinoski Amperacia, sas po chhachhipen manusha kathar yekh phurano kotor e Romane Amperaciako.

## Forovipen

Le zakonurya kerdyoven ando *Vakerlin* (*Parlamento*) so si les duy livnya (sobe): o *Senato* (140 manusha) tay I *Livni le Deputatongi* (345 manusha). Le manusha andar le duye livnyande alosardyoven yekvar shtar bershende.

O prezidento alosardyovel ekvar panji bershende. Vov thol le Yekto-ministros, so xulayarel o konsilyo le ministrongo te administrarel o them.

## Phuvipen

I sudutni rig la Rumuniyaki, pashal i Yugoslaviya tay Bulgariya, si i bari len Dunarya. Numa ko sud-esto, Dobrojyate, si perutnimos pi phuv la Bulgariyasa. Andi Dunarya avel vi o Pruto, so si i estikani rig karing i Moldova. E Karpatariya Paxre , ko mashkar le themesko, si len uchimata bareder sar 2500 m (o bareder uchimos, *Moldoveanu*, si les 2544 m).

## Kidipen

## Manushanipen
Palal o sel:
* Rumunurya 89.5%
* Magyarurya 6.6%
* Roma 2.5%
* Ukrainurya 0.3%
* Jermanurya 0.3%
* Italianurya 0.3%
* Rusurya 0.2%
* Turkurya tay Tatarurya 0.2%
* Aver 0.4%

Dikh vi o patrinipen le thanimatengo la Rumuniyake kai beshen but roma.

## Sanskrtipen

## Dikh vi
* Thema la sundalake
Devnagrī

**Devânagârî** si yek abugida Lekhipen labyardo te lekhavel, korkoro vay le avere lekhimatensa, Chiba andar o Indikano Subbarodvip sar Sanskritikani, Hindi, Marathi, Kashmiri, Sindhi, Romani, Bihari, Bhili, Konkani, Bhojpuri, Nepali.

## Nav
I devânagârî sas kerdini ando 12-to shelbersh andar o lekhipen Siddham. Pe sanskritikani, *nagârî' si i juvlikani forma andar *nâgara* (forutno). Si juvlikani andar kodya so pasharel i juvlikani navni *lipi* (lekhipen) , tay *devâ* si "devel": *devânagârî lipi* - "forutno lekhipen le devlenge".

== Sar lekhavel pe ==

Pe devânagâri lekhipen si 12 *svâra* (vokalurya) tay 34 *vyânjâna* (konsonanturya). 

=== Vyânjâna ===
O devânagârî lekhipen si yek *abugida* lekhipen andar kodya so sa le vyânjâna kana si korkore si len o  *Svâr*. Sar misalyake, o grafem "प" si "pâ". Te avel "p" trebul te labyardyovel o [[viram]] "्" so sikavel ke "â" perel: "प्" si "p". 

O *viram* nay labyardo te sikavel ke "â" perel kana duy vay buteder vyânjâna si yek palal avreste, bisvârenge mashkar lenge. Atunch, le pasharde vyânjâna phanden pen, kerindoy yek phandipen. Sar misalyake, "k" lekhavdyovel korkoro sar "क्" tay "l" si korkoro "ल्". yek palal avreste si "क्ल्". Kathe o "क्" xasardyas E chachi rig. Numa o paluno vyânjân achhel bichhindo, sar misalyake trin vyânjâna yek palal avreste: "ख्स्त" si "khst" tay korkore si "ख", "स", "त". Si buteder regule te keren pen le vyânjânenge phandipena. Acharutnes, kana varekon lekhavel pe kompyuter dosta te thol o viram/विराम "्" mashkar lende te keren pen le phandipena Avtomatikanes. Sar misalyake, kerindoy klik "ग" + "्" + "ल" avel "ग्ल".

Tele si le vyânjâna andar o devânagârî lekhipen. 





Kadale si le vyânjâna so sas ko shirdipen. Kana neve [[shunipen]]a labyardyoven pe chib, neve grafema keren pen andar le purane. O semno "़" (nukta/नुक़ता) thol pes po grafem so shunel pes may  pasharno.



=== Svâra ===
Sa le svâren, avryal "â", si len duy forme: yek kana si korkoro, ko shirdipen le lavengo vay palal aver svâr tay aver forma palal yek vyânjân. Sar misalyake, "o" korkoro si "ओ" tay palal vyânjân si "ो", s.m. "पो" = "po". Numa le svâreske "â", chi trebul te labyarel ni yek grafema te lekhavel les palal yek vyânjân: "प" si "pâ".

Tele si sa le svâre: anglunes si i forma kana o svâr si korkoro tay o duyto si i forma palal yek vyânjân (kathe, sar misalyake, "प्"-"p"):




== Ǎkshǎr ==
Yek *ǎkshǎr'' si yek yekhipen grafemengo so kerdivel andar zero vay yek vyǎnjǎna tay yek vay buteder svǎra. Ǎkshǎrenge misala:
*"आ" - numa yek svǎr (zero vyǎnjǎna);
*"ओइ" - buteder svǎra (zero vyǎnjǎna);
*"सो" - yek vyǎnjǎn tay yek svǎr;
*"काइ" - yek vyǎnjǎn tay buteder svǎra.

## Aver simboluya

## Gina



## Vi dikh
* Romano lekhipen
Kale

**Kale** si o nav le Romane manushengo so avilen ando Iberikano barodvip, opretele 16-to shelbershesko. Akana but lendar beshen andi Andalusiya (Sudutni Spaniya), aver gelen vi kay Sudutni Fransiya  tay  e  Latinikani Amerika.
Ando bersh 1749, o spanyolikano thagar kerdya lenge baro nasulipen, leske soldaturya phandavden len. Ando 1765 von palem avilen meste.

Le Kale bistarden i romani chib tay akana phenen o Kalo, yek chib/diyalekto so avel andar i spanyolikani chib le but romane lavensa.

## Vi dikh
* Chhiba le romenge

## Avrutne phandimata
* Ekh Organizaciya le Kalenge
Thagaripen Inka

**Inka** sas yek Amerindikani Sivilizasyon andi oksidentalutni rig la Sudutne Amerikyake. Si vi o nav sar janglyovel o Them (Thagaripen) kay lulgisailyas kadaya Sivilizasyon (pi Thanutni chhib, i Kvechua, o anav si o **Tawantin Suyu**). *Inka* si o nav le Thagarenge le kadale themeske, yek them jangli sar yek "palal-Kolumbikano" Tagaripen, palal ke o Kristofa Kolumbo avilyas kay Amerika.

O Rhagaripen Inka sas po Than le akanutne themenge Pero, Boliviya, Ekvador, nordutno Shile tay nordutni Arxentina. Lesko sherutno foro sas Kuzko (*Kuzko* pi Kvechua). Le Spaniyolurya marden le Amerindiyanurya ando bersh 1533 tay o Thagaripen peravdyas.
Bharat

O **Bharât** vay **Pharat**, **Pharatiya**, **Indiya, Xindusthan** si yek them andi Sudutni Asiya.

## Anav

## Puranipen

## Forovipen
Staturya thai teritorurya la Indiyake

## Phuvipen

## Kidipen

## Manushanipen

## Sanskrtipen
Staturya thai teritorurya la Indiyake

Indiya rigyardyovi ande 22 Staturya, 6 Yekipnaske Teritorurya tay o nasyonalno teritoryo le sherutne forosko Dilli.

**Staturya:**

**Teritorurya:**

 Chandigarh
 Dadra tay  Nagar Haveli
 Daman tay Diu
 Dvipa Andaman tay Nikobar
 Lakshadvip
 Pondisheri


**Nasyonalno teritoryo le sherutne forosko:**

Delhi
Nordutni Makedoniya

**[[Ketnepen]] Nordutni Makedonya** si yek them ande Balkanurya.

## Anav

## Puranipen

## Forovipen

## Phuvipen

## Kidipen

## Manushanipen
But Xoraxane Roma beshena ko Shuto Orizari.

## Sanskrtipen
Phuvipen

**Phuvipen** si o janglipen so rodel te kidel janglimata la Phuvyatar tay le manushikane aspekturya la Phuvyake. 

O manushikano phuvipen anderyarel o phuvipen le kidipnasko, le forovipnasko tay le sanskrtipnasko.

## Dikh vi
* Phuvipnaske patrinimata
Peru

**I Ketnepen Pero** (andi spaniyolikani ćhib *República del Perú*, vakyardo [re'pu.βli.ka del pe'ru]) si yek Them andi oksidentalutni rig la Sudutne Amerika.

## Puranipen

## Forovipen

## Kidipen

## Manushanipen

## Sanskrtipen

## Dikh vi
* Thagaripen Inka
* Thema la sundalake
Kontinento

Yek **Barodvip** (latinikanes *continere*, "astarel kidime") si yek baro bixutando kotor la Phuvyako.

### Falimata
Europikano Ekipen

**Evropikano Yekipen** si yek mashkarguvernamentali organizasiya le 27&nbsp;demokratikane themenge. EE kerdili le kadale anavesa ando 1992to bersh andar le Trateste le Evropikane Yekipnaske (Tratato Maastricht).

Akana ando EE si yek korkori khetani piasa (diz), yek korkoro lovo, o euro (20 andar 27 themende; 2023).

## Thema

* Austriya
* Beljiya
* Bulgariya
* Chexiya
* Chipro
* Danemarka
* Estoniya
* Finlanda
* Fransiya
* Yelenistan (Grishiya)
* Irlanda
* Italiya
* Jermaniya
* Kroatiya
* Latviya
* Lithuaniya
* Luksemburgo
* Malta
* Olanda
* Polaniya
* Portekaliya
* Rumuniya
* Slovaiko
* Sloveniya
* Spaniya
* Sveko
* Ungariya

## Dikh vi
* Buxlyarimos le Europikane Ekipnasko
* Europedia: Guide to European policies and legislation
Estoniya

**I Republika Estoniya** (pi estonikani ćhib *Eesti Vabariik*) si ek them andi Baltikani rig.

## Puranipen

## Forovipen

## Phuvipen

## Kidipen

## Manushanipen

## Sanskrtipen
Skopiye

**Skopiye** (Machedonikani ćhib: *Скопје*) si o sherutno foro vi o bareder foro la Makedoniyako. Ando vaxt le Thagaripnasko la Romayako lesko anav sas Skupi. O foro barilo sigo pala o Duyto Baro Mêripenaste, ta ando 1963to bersh yek bilatcho izdravipen rimosardiyas les. Akana Skopiye si yek moderno foro, le but monumenturya andar nashle vaxteste.
I bodli marmura

**I bodli marmura** si yek butjangli fotografiya kerdili ando 7 Deshtoduynay 1972 katar o *[[Apollo 17]]* (o duripen sas opretele 45,000 kilometrurya.https://web.archive.org/web/20131224111212/http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a002600/a002680/.
Phuv

E **Phuv** (vay *Phup*), *(Sanskritikani: भू  (Phu)* Si o trinto Shiyaron ando Kham-Sestemi. Phuv si yek Shiyaron so Manusha Jivel. E Phuv si yek Baar-Shiyaron. Simbol le Phuv si :
Sudutni Asiya

**I Sudutni Asiya** si o sudutno kotor le Asiyakane Barodvipesko vi janglo sar o Indikano Subbarodvip. Kathe si e thema: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Indiya, Maldive, Nepal, Pakistan tay Sri Lanka. Vunivar (kana tayi kana) vi o Afganistan ingerdyovel andre.

## Puranipen
Kava than si les yek lungo puranipen. Purane chivilisasiye barile pashal la lenyate Sindus.

## Dikh vi
* Khetanipen la Sudutne Asiyako vash o Perutno Somkerdipen
* Desi
Evropa

**E    Eropa** (**Europa**) si yek mashkar le 7 Barodvipenge la Phuvyake, kay, andi kadaya situatsiya si buteder yek sanskrtipnaski tay forovipnaski rikyaripen sar yek phuvipnaski. Phuvikanes, Eropa si yek Subbarodvip vay yek bari barodvip, o may oksidentutno kotor la Erasiyako.

O baripen la Eropyako si 10&nbsp;390&nbsp;000 km2 tay o gin le manushenge si 741,447,158 (2016), vay opretele 11% katar le manushenge la sundalake.
Shuto Orizari

**Šuto Orizari** si jek kotor, jek pero ando Skopiye (o Šerotno Foro la Makedonijako). Kathe jivisaren but Xoraxane Roma vi o Šero le kadale perosko, o Raj Elvis Bajram, Rom si. O tikno anav si *Shutka*

Kana sas maripen ando Kosovo, but Roma kothar našlen vi ando Šuto Orizari.
Erasiyako

**I Evrasiya** si yek bixutando kotor la Phuvyako so buxlyol ande Barodvipturya Evropa thai Asiya. Voi shai te avel yek superbarodvib, yek kotor le Barodviptesko Afrika-Evrasiya, vai yek chacho Barodvip.
Khangeri le Chache Jesuseski

**I Khangeri le Chache Yesu** si yek mesti khangeri kerdili ando Beijing, China, ando 1917to bersh. O akanutno alosardo shero le mashkarthemutne kidipnaske le KhChJ si o predikatoro Yung-Ji Lin. Akana si opretele 1.5 milyonurya pativale ande 6 barodvipurya. I khangeri si o kinezikano kotor le Pentikostalipensko andar o Kristiyanipen. I khangeri patyal ando pentikostalikano yekipen (IYesuesko-anav doktrina).

## Panj vastne doktrine

# **Sfinto duxo**
# **Bolipen**
# **Punrengo thovipen**
# **Sfinto somkidipen**
# **Savatosko dives**

## Aver
I khangeri chi divesarel o Krechuno, kana chi janel pes kana o Yesu biyandilyas. Vi o latcho parashtuy nay divesardo kana si yek bikristiyanipenko dives.

## Avrutne phandimata
* KhChJ website (anglesikanes)
Kraton

Yek **kraton ** si yek purano thai achhavdo kotor la barodvipeski mortiyako (o opralutno strato la Phuvyako) kai si biphaglo thai biphandlo le avre Barodvipturya de buteder sar 500 milyonurya bersha. Le kratonurya si ko ander le barodvipenge, kerdile andar zorale barrende vi shai te buxlyon ji ke 200 km telal o phuv.
Buxlyarimos le Europikane Ekipnasko

O **[[Evropikano Yekipen]]**, po shirdipnaste, sas kerdini andar shov thema pe 1952to bersheste tay palal kodya barilyas ji kay 25 thema somdasne (membrurya). Katar 1952 ji akana sas panj buxlyarimata, o bareder ando 1 mai 2004, kana vi 10 neve thema kiderden. Kana vi i Rumuniya tay i Bulgariya kiderena ando 1 Yanuara 2007to bersh, atunchi avena 27 thema. 

Kashte phandel le Evropikano Yekipnasa, yek them trebul te kerel nishte kidipnaske tay forovipnaske mangimata, jangle sar Kopenhaga mangimata (palal o maladipen andi Kopenhaga, 1993). Vi fishtesavo akanutno somdasno them trebul te aprobisarel le neve zumavde.

## Purane buxlyarimata

* **[[9 Panjtonay]] [[1950]]** — O Franshezikano Avrutno Ministro, o Robert Schuman anel lesko mangimos te avel yek phandli Evropa, janglo sar o mangimos Schuman dikhlyovel sar o shir la yeke phandle Evropyake.

* **[[23 Shovtonay]] [[1952]]** — O Tratato andar le Parizoste kerdilo o Evropikano Khetanipen le Karbunosko tay le Sastryesko andar themende (po shirdipnaste) Beneluks, Luksemburgo, Okshidentutni Jermaniya, Franshiya tay Italiya.
* **[[1958]]** — O EKKS kerel o Evropikano Kidipnasko Khetanipen, savi, palal kodya avel o Evropikano Khetanipen (Yek).

* **[[1 Pervonay]] [[1973]] (Yekto buxlyarimos)** — Danemarka, Republika Irland, tay Phandlo Thagaripen kideren ando Yek.

* **[[1 Pervonay]] [[1981]] (Duyto buxlyarimos)** — Greshiya avel ando Yek.

* **[[1985]]** — Shov bersha palal i Danemark del autonomiya, Gronlanda alosarel te inklel katar le Yekeste. Dikh Uzalune rika le somdasne themenge tay lenge relasiya le Yekesa.

* **[[1 Pervonay]] [[1986]] (Trito buxlyarimos)** — Spaniya tay Portugaliya aven ando Yek.

* **[[3 Deshtonay]] [[1990]]** — Oriyentuti Jermaniya tay Okshidentutni Jermaniya palemphandel (dikh Phandipen la Jermaniyako), tay i purani Oriyentuti Jermaniya avel ando Yek; yek phandipen kiderel ando Yek phuv tay manusha, ta shi baryarel o gin le themenge.

* **[[1 Deshtoyeknay]] [[1993]]** — O Trato Maastricht shirdel te avel zakono, kerindoy o Evropikano Yekipen.

* **[[1 ]] [[1995]] (Shtarto buxlyarimos)** — Austriya, Finlanda tay Sveko kideren pen ando EE.

* **[[1 Panjtonay]] [[2004]] (Panjto buxlyarimos)** — O bareder gin le themenge so aven yekvar, Chipro, Chexiya, Estoniya, Ungariya, Letoniya, Lithuaniya, Malta, Polaniya, Slovayko, and Sloveniya kideren pen ando EE.
Bulgariya

**E Ketnepen Bulgariya**  (pi bulgarikani ćhib *Република България/Ketnepen Bulgariya*) si yek them ande Balkanoya. Si yek membro le Evropikane Yekipnasko tay la OTNAko.


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## 

## Puranipe

## Forovipe

## Phuvipe

## Kidipe

## Manushanipe
En but Romane manusha beshena ko Stolipinowo.

## Sanskrtipe
Chexiya

**I Republika Chexiya** (pi chexikani chib *Česká republika*) si yek them andi Mashkarutni Europa.

## Anav
Chexiya ando chexikani chhib "Česko" (ofisyalno: Česká Republika).

## Puranipen

## Forovipen

## Phuvipen

## Kidipen

## Manushanipen

## Sanskrtipen
Ungariya

'''Makyarestan/Ungariya/Ungriko them''' (pi ungarikani chib *Magyarország*) si  yek them andi Mashkarutni Evropa.

## Anav

## Puranipen

## Forovipen

O sherutno (thaj bareder) foro si Peshta (Budapest). Kaver bare forura: Debrecin (Debrecen), Segedin (Szeged), Mishkolc (Miskolc), Nyiredyhaza (Nyíregyháza), Kechkemet (Kecskemét), Pechuj (Pécs), Jura (Győr), Parni Dyiz (Székesfehérvár) thaj Sambotel (Szombathely).

## Phuvipen

## Kidipen

## Manushanipen

## Sanskrtipen

## Avrutne phandimata
* Roma andar i Ungariya
Bukureshti

O Bukurešt (Rumunikani ćhib: *București*, ) si o sherutno foro la Rumuniaqo, o maj baro foro thaj o maj importanto industrijako thaj komercialno centro le themesko. I stabilno populacia 1.883.425 beśutnenge (2011) kerel o Bukureśt jekh katar e maj bare forură and-i Evropaki Unia. Palal varesave ginavimata save len sama e manuśen bi thanesqo anθ-o foro, vaj anθ-o tranzito, o Bukureśt kidel opral trin milionură manuśen sakodives. Thovindoj pe akava si o fakto kaj e lokalitetura katar o foro, save si kotor katar o Metropolitano Area, isi len populacia kotar aproksimativno 430,000 beśutne.

O angluno vakeripe vash o foro sikavel pes ko 1459 bersh, ko vakti e dujto thagaripnasko e Vlad Țepeș-esko. Ko 1862 berś avilo o sherutno foro le Jekhethaneske Principatenqo. Desar atunči vov nakhlas kontinuime paruvimata, kerdindoj o centro e Rumunikane artistikane, kulturake thaj medijake scenako. Leski elegantno arxitektura thaj urbano atmosfera kerden leske o anav "Tikno Paris" ko vakti e Belle Époque. Vi te sas e khera thaj e mahale ando historikano centro phagerde katar o maripe, e phuvjake izdralimata thaj vi katar o Nicolae Ceaușescu-esko sistematizaciako programo, but thaj na mule ama ʒivde. Palal o 2000, o foro nakhlas jekh ekonomikano thaj kulturalo barjaripe.

Palal o 2011-to berśesqo ginavipen, 1,883,425 beśutne beśen anθ-e foroske granice, maj tikno sar i sifra xramosardi anθ-o 2002-to berśesqo ginipen. Te thovas e satelitosqe forură paśal o urbano than, o propozime Bukureśt metropolitano than ka avel les jekh populacia 2.42 milionură beśutnengi. Palal na-oficijalne date, i populacia si opral 3 milionura beśutne.

Katar e ekonomikani rig, o Bukureśt si o maj barvalo foro ande Rumunia, thaj si jekh katar e maj bare industrijake centrura thaj transportoske thana ande Est-Evropa. O foro si les thana vash konvencie, edukaciake institucie, kulturake thana, bikinimaske thana, thaj rekreaciake thana.

O foro si administrime katar o Bukurestesko forosko kher, si les sa kodo administrativno nivelo sar le Rumuniake županije thaj si ulado ande šov sektora.
Lituaniya

**I Republika Lituniya** (pi lituanikani ćhib *Lietuvos Respublika*) si yek them andi Baltikani rig.

## Anav

## Puranipen

## Forovipen

## Phuvipen

## Kidipen

## Manushanipen

## Sanskrtipen
Organizaciya le Tratatosko le Nordutne Atlantikosko

**Organizasiya le Tratatosko le Nordutne Atlantikosko** vay **OTNA** (anglikani ćhib *North Atlantic Treaty Organisation*, Fransekani chib *Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord*) si yek organizasiya le 26 themenge. Voy kerdili ando 1949to bersh te Jutisarel o Tratato le Nordutne Atlantikosko, prinjardo ando Washington, D.C., 4 April 1949.

## Thema

* Bari Britaniya thai Nordutno Irland
* Beljiya
* Bulgariya
* Chexiya
* Danemarka
* Estoniya
* Finland
* Franchiya
* Grechiya
* Italiya
* Jermaniya
* Kanada
* Latviya
* Lithuaniya
* Luksemburgo
* Norvejiya
* Olanda
* Phandle Staturya la Amerikyake
* Polska
* Portugaliya
* Rumuniya
* Slovaiko
* Sloveniya
* Spaniya
* Svedo
* Turkiya
* Ungariya
Styago le romengo

**O styago le romengo** (khetani ortogràfia: O stăgo ël rromenqo) sas prinjardo ando Yekto Mashkarthemutno Romano Kongreso (ko London, 1971to bersh). I opraluni bodli rang si o Shero tay i teluni zeleno si i phuv. Ko mashkar si yek lôli chakra. Vi ando mashkar le indikane styagosko si yek chakra.
Sofiya

**Sofiya** (Bulgarikani ćhib: *София*/*Sofia*) si o sherutno foro vi o bareder foro la Bulgariyako.

 
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Slovaiko

**E Ketnepen Slovayko** (pi Slovayke Chib *Slovenská republika*) si yek Them andi Mashkarutni Eropa

## Anav

## Puranipen

## Forovipen

## Phuvipen

## Kidipen

## Manushanipen

## Sanskrtipen

## Avrune phandimata
* The Slovak Republic Government Office
Franchiya

**E Ketnepen Fransiya vay Ketnepen Vaxiya ** (Fransikani ćhib *République française*) si yek them andi Oksidentutni Evropa.

## Puranipen
Si but phuro them. Ando may phurano vaht sas aver nacie sar el Vlahurya vay Gaulura.

## Forovipen
O may baro foro si o Paris.

Ando Sudo si e Nitsa.

Lyons thay Marsey si vi bare forurya. O Strasbourgo si yekh namcicko foro andi Franca.

## Phuvipen

## Kidipen

## Manushanipen

## Sanskrtipen
So si o Sanskrtipen ?
Bari Britaniya

**I Bari Britaniya** si yek dvip ko nord-ovestutno rig la Evropyako tay ko esto le Irlandesko, avindoy o bareder kotor le Phandle Thagaripnasko la Bari Britaniyako tay le Nordutne Irlandesko. Vi *Bari Britaniya* si jangli sar yek forovipnasko lav, kiderindoy England, Scotland tayValsh, so keren sa o dvip (khetanes vi le tikne dvipenca katar o pashavipen). *Bari Britaniya* si but labyardi, doshatar, sar yek sinonimo le themesko so si janglo chaches sar o *Phandlo Thagaripen la Bare Britaniyako tay le Nordutne Irlandesko* (po xarnes, *o Phandlo Thagaripen*). 

Lako baripen si 218 595 km2, kerindoy la o bareder dvip andar le Britanikane dvipa. Si o bareder dvip andi Evropa tay o oxtoto ando sundal/lumya.

## Dikh vi
* Phandlo Thagaripen la Bare Britaniyako thai le Nordutne Irlandesko
* Britanikane dvipa
* Nevi Britaniya ek dvip kai Papua Nevi Guineya

## Avrutne phandimata
* Know Britain – xalyarimata le lavenge "Bari Britaniya", "Phandlo Thagaripen" thai aver (anglezikanes)
* BBC Nations (anglezikanes)
Britanikane dvipa

Le *Britanikane dvipa* si yek phuvipnasko tay ekolojiyako lav le dvipenge katar o nord-vestutno rig la Evropyako, anderyarindoi i Bari Britaniya (o bareder dvip), o dvip le Irlandesko, o Dvip Man tay aver mie tikneder dvipa truyal lenge. Le phuvipnaske Britanikane Dvipa *nay* barabar le Phandle Thagaripnasa kana kathe si vi i Republika Irlanda vay o bimesto teritoriyo, o Dvip Man.

Si buteder sar 6000 dvipa, kiderindoi o baripen 315,134 km2 katar o sudo (Scilly) ko nordo (Shetlanda) Tay katar le vesto (Blasket Dvipa) ko esto (Estikani Angliya).

## Dikh vi
Phandlo Thagaripen la Bare Britaniyako thai le Nordutne Irlandesko

O **Phandlo Thagaripen la Bari Britaniyako tay le Nordutne Irlandesko** (anglezikani chib: *United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland*) si yek forovipnasko phandipen andar shtar thema: England, Shkotlando tay Wales ando dvip Bari Britaniya vi Nordutno Irland ando dvip Irland. P.T. xarnes janglyovel sar o *Phandlo Thagaripen* (anglezikanes: *United Kingdom* vay *U.K.*). O them si xulayardo sar yek konstitucikano thagaripen tay sar yek yektutno them. O Phandlo Thagaripen si les vi teritorurya intyal le deryavurende sar o Jibraltaro, le Dvipa Falkland.

## Anav

## Puranipen

## Forovipen

## Phuvipen

## Kidipen

## Manushanipen

## Sanskrtipen

## Dikh vi
* Britanikane dvipa
Aven Amentza

**Aven Amensa** si yek fundasiya (kerdili andi Remeniya) so, andar o 1997to bersh, Jutisarel le romenge chachimata.

## Avrutne phandimata
*dai patrin (website)
Khetanipen la Sudutne Asiyako vash o Perutno Somkerdipen

**O Khetanipen la Sudutne Asiyako vash o Perutno Somkerdipen** (*South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation* - SAARC pi anglezikani ćhib) kerdili po 8 Dechembra, 1985. KhSAPS si ek khetanipen le oxto themenge katar Sudutni Asiyate: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Indiya, Maldive, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka thai Afganistan. O phuviyako baripen le kadale themenge  (khetanes) si 5,127,500 km2 thai ek panjto andar le manusha la sundalake jivisaren kathe.

## Patrinipen le maladimatenge KhSAPS
# 7-8 Dechembra, 1985 kai Dhaka
# 16-17 Novembra, 1986 kai Bangalore
# 2-4, 1987 kai Kkaihmandu
# 29-31 Dechembra, 1988 kai Islamabad
# 21-23 Novembra, 1990 kai Malé
# 21, 1991 kai Colombo
# 10-11 Aprilo, 1993 kai Dhaka
# 2-4 Mai, 1995 kai New Delhi
# 12-14 Mai, 1997 kai Malé
# 29-31 Yuliyo, 1998 kai Colombo
# 4-6 Yanuara, 2002 kai Kkaihmandu
# 2-6 Yanuara, 2004 kai Islamabad
# 12-13 Novembra, 2005 kai Dhaka

## So butya keren khetanes
* Agrikultura thai lachharipen le gavenge 
* Sastipen thai le manushenge butya
* Juvlya, terne thai tikne
* Environmento thai vesha
* janglimata thai tehnolojiya thai meteorolojiya
* Lachharipen le manushikane jivimata
* Ingyardipen

## External links
* KhSAPS dai patrin
* Mapa le themenge so si somdasne (memburya)
Europako Romano Chachimasko Chentro

O **Europako Romano Chachimasko Chentro** si ek mashkarthemutni organizaciya (kerdili ando 1996to bersh) so kerel buti te phagavel i rasistikani diskriminaciya thai dukhavimata mamui roma. O chentro kerel monitoring pala i situaciya le romengi andi Europa thai lengo legalno brakhipen (protekciya). Lesko sherutno than si andi Budapest (Ungariya).

Tu es kampariutsja chamrikchatso
## Avrutne phandimata
*dai patrin (website)
Irland (dvip)

**Irland** (; irlandikanes: *[[Éire]]*, anglikanes: *Ireland*) si o trinto (pala o baripen) dvip andi Evropa. Beshel ando Atlantikano Okiyano tay kerdyovel andar Republika Irlanda (panj shovturya) tay Nordutno Irland, yek kotor andar o Phandlo Thagaripen, so buxlyarel ando nord-vestutni rig le dvipeski.

Kathe jivisaren opretele 6.6 miliyonurya manusha (2011): 4.8 miliyonurya andi Republika Irlanda (1.9 miliyonurya ando Baro Dublin) tay 1.8 miliyonurya ando Nordutno Irland (0.6 miliyonurya ando Baro Belfast).

## Dikh vi
* Republika Irland
* Nordutno Irland
* Irlandikane manusha

## Avrutne phandimata
* Irelandscape - Lachhe fotografie le Irlandeske
Republika Irland

**I Ketnepen Galyero** (Galyerokanes: *Poblacht na hÉireann*, anglikanes: *Republic of Ireland*) si yek mesto them so nuslêyre pe panj shovturya le Dvipeske IGalyero ko nord-vestutni rig la Eropyaki. O them si membro ando Eropikani Yekipen. O kolaver shovto kotor janglyovel sar o Nortutno Galyero, andar o Phandlo Thagaripen la Bare Britaniyako tay le Nordutne Galyesko

## Anav

## Puranipen

## Forovipen

## Phuvipen

## Kidipen

## Manushanipen

## Sanskrtipen
Nordutno Irland

O **[[Nordutno Irland|Nortutno Galyero]]** si yek andar shtar thema so keren o Phandlo Thagaripen. Si ando dvip Galyero, rigyardo ande shov kotora (Anglezikani ćhib: *counties*). Si o korkoro kotor le PhTh-sko so avel les avrutni rig le kolaver themesa (Republika Galyero). Kerdilo katar o Dokumento le Irlandesko xulyaripen, 1920.

Uchharel 14,139 km² ando nort-estutni rig le dvipesko Galyero, opretele yek shovto andar sa o baripen le galyeroesko. Kathe jivisaren 1,685,000 manusha (Aprilo 2001) — mashkar yek shtarto tay yek trito le manushenge po dvip.

## Anav

## Puranipen

## Forovipen

## Phuvipen

## Kidipen

## Manushanipen

## Sanskrtipen

## Dikh vi
* Phandlo Thagaripen la Bare Britaniyako thai le Nordutne Irlandesko
* Irland (dvip)
* Republika Irland

## Avrutne phandimata
* BBC News | Nevimata katar o Nordutno Irland 
* Online NI Website le guvernamentesko
Patrinipen le dvipengo palal o baripen

Kathe si o **patrinipen le [[dvip]]engo palal o baripen** so anderyarel sa le dvipa bareder sar 1,000 km&sup2;. 
## Barodvipturiya
Te kerel pes komparasiye kathe si le barimata le Barodvipenge. Kadala si opretele gina:

# Afrika-Evrasiya (84,000,000 km&sup2;)
# Amerikurya (41,000,000 km&sup2;)
# Antarktika (13,000,000 km&sup2;)
# Australiya (7,600,000 km&sup2;)

## Dvipa bareder sar 2,500 km&sup2;

## Dvipa bareder sar 1,000 km&sup2;
This section of the list is not comprehensive; it shows how the areas of other large Dvips compare.

*Note:* Australia, at 7,600,000 km², is considered to be a continental landmass, rather than an Dvip. Australia is much larger than Greenland, the largest Dvip.

## Aver jangle dvipa

## Avrutne phandimata
* Joshua Caldereske janglimata
* United Nations Environment Programme patrinipen le dvipengo palal o baripen
Belfast

**Belfast** (anglikanes: *Belfast*, irlandikanes: *Béal Feirste*) si o sherutno foro vi o bareder foro le Nordutne Irlandesko, ando Phandlo Thagaripen. O Baro Belfast anderyarel vi forurya so truyaren les.

Lesko anav avel andar Béal Feirste, *mui le Farsetosko* (irlandikanes), sostar o foro kerdo pashal o than kai i len Farset chhorel pes ando Atlantikano Ocheano.
Dvip

thumb|E Divp Helgoland Andar Jermaniya

Yek Dvip si yek kotor phuvyako kay i pani truyarel les pe sa le rigande. Si yek nevo anav lino andar i Hindi Chib:द्वीप

Si jangle trin tipurya dvipenge: *Barodvipkane*, *lenyake* tay *vulkaneske* dvipa. May si dvipa kerde manushendar.

## [[Barodvipkane dvipa]]

## Lenyake dvipa

## Vulkaneske dvipa

## Dikh vi
* Patrinipen le dvipengo palal o baripen

## Avrutne phandimata
* Xalyarimata le lavesko dvip (anglezikanes) katar i Phandle Naciyengi Konvenciya pala o Zakono le Deryavyande
* patrinipen le dvipenge katar Phandle Naciye
Kali Deryav

I **Kali Derya** si  yek Deryamashkar la sud-estutni Evropate tay la Anatoliyate. Maladyovel la Mediterani Deryaasa ando Bosforo tay andi Marmara Derya vi la Azov Deryaasa ando Tangipen Kerch. O baripen si 422,000 km² tay o bareder axor si 2210 m. I bareder len so chhorel andi Kali Derya si i Dunarya.

Le thema ke riga la deryake si Turkiya, Bulgariya, Rumuniya, Ukraina, Rusiya, tay Jorjiya (vi i Abkhazia). O Krimeyako pashdvip si yek avtonomikani Ukrainiyaki republika.

Importante forurya pashal i derya si: Istanbul (o purano Konstantinoplis tay Bisantinom), Burgas, Varna, Konstansa, Yalta, Odesa, Sevastopol, Kerch, Novorossiysk, Sochi, Sukhumi, Poti, Batumi, Trabzon, Samsun.

## Anav
Le akanutne anava si amboldimata le lavenge Μαύρη Θάλασσα (Yelenikanes: "Kali Derya"), sar: Turkikanes Kara Deniz, Rusikanes Чёрное море, Bulgarikanes Черно море, Cherno more, Jorjikanes შავი ზღვა, shavi zghva, Ukraynikanes Chorne More, Remenikanes Marea Neagră, Laz Ucha Zuğa (vay xarnes Zuğa "Sea"), Ubykh .

## Avrutne phandimata
* Jivipen andi Kali Derya (Rusikanes tay Anglezikanes)
Phuvipnaske patrinimata

Kathe si le **phuvipnaske patrinimata**:

## [[Them]]a

*Patrinipen le themengo
*Patrinipen le themengo thai le durutne umalengo palal o baripen
*Patrinipen le themengo palal o gin le manushengo
*Patrinipen le themengo palal o butvaripen le manushengo
*Patrinipen le themengo palal o andrutno bruto produkto (ABP) (KKZ)
*Patrinipen le themengo palal o andrutno bruto produkto (ABP) (KKZ) po themutno
*Patrinipen le themengo palal o indekso le manushutne baryaripnasko

## Aver
*Patrinipen le dvipengo palal o baripen
Baro Belfast

O **Baro Belfast** si o than so truyarel vi anderyarel o foro Belfast ando Nordutno Irland.

Anderyarel North Down, Lisburn, Castlereagh thai kotora andar South Antrim.

## Manusha

*2001 - 579,276 (Ginipen)
*2005 - 647,120 (Opretele)
*2006 - 662,395 (Godisardo) https://archive.is/20130428141024/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gpro&lng=en&des=gamelan&dat=200&geo=-4&srt=pnan&col=aohdqcfbeimg&pt=c&va=&geo=-1048901
Partida le Romenge

E **Partida le Romenge** si e bareder partida le Romenge andi Rumuniya (Rumunikanes: *Partida Romilor*). O shero si o Nicolaye Păun.
Patrinipen le thanimatengo la Rumuniyake kai beshen but roma

Kava patrinipen anderyarel thanimata la Rumuniyake kai beshen but roma. E gina aven andar o ginipen le manushengo la Rumuniyake (2002) kana le manusha so phenden so si roma sas 2.4% andar sa le manusha. Si dudalo ke o gin shelto (persento) si tikneder sar si chaches (shai te aven 6-9%). But roma phenen ke si aver sel andar kodya so si rasistikane problemurya thai diskriminaciya. 

O rumunikano zakono phenel ke ande thanimata kai ekhe selores si les buteder sar 20%, leski ćhib shai te avel labyardi kana varekon del duma le autoritetenge vi o them trebul te kerel shkole vi dromenge patrya andi kodoya ćhib.

Tele si ek patrinipen le thanimatenge kai roma si buteder sar 20%. Sa si gava, numa ek si foro (Budeshti). Vi mai tele si ek patrinipen le forurenge kai roma si buteder sar 5%.

## Thanimata kai roma si buteder sar 20%

O ekto si o thanipen vi o duito si o zhudetso.

## Forurya kai roma si buteder sar 5%

O ekto si o foro vi o duito si o zhudeco.

## Janglimata katar

*Structura Etno-demografică a României (2002)
Thanipen

Yek **Thanipen** si yek than la Phuvyako kay jivisaren Manusha. Kana si bareder vov si Foro, kana si tikneder si Gav.
Gav

Yek **Gav** vay **Gap** si yek Thanipen tikneder sar yek Foro. Ando Puranipen, O Gav sas o yekto Thanipen le Manushengo tay ashilyas o may importanto savaxt so le Manusha kerden buteder agrikultura. De kana e industriya avili may importanto vi le forurya avile may importante.

## Anav

O lav si indo-Ariyanikanes „ Proto-Panjabi-Chib,  गाम (gāma), sar  e moderno vorbu  Hindikane: गांव - Ganv).
Foro

Yek **Foro** (vay *diz*, *zis*) si yek Thanipen so si varvar sar yek Gav palal lesko baripen, gin vi butvaripen le manushenge. Kerdino andar beshipnaske, Industriyalikane tay Ekonomikane riga so si kidime kay yek Phuvipnasko Than.

## Anav
O Lav *Foro* avel andar i Sanskritikani Chib , "पुर" (pura)
Drom

Yek **drom** si yek kotor la Phuvyako so lunyisarel pes sar yek thav, phandindoy duy vay buteder agora, latchardo te kerel o phiripen may lokhorro. 

O lav avel andar i Yelenikani Chib, lino ande 11to-12to shelbersha.
Romane manusha

E Rromane Manuśa si kodole ʒene kaj len pàrtia vaj partićipsaren anθ-e idèă de jekh naròdo vaj nácia vaj ćhel vaj endaj kaj avel anθar i Sudutni Asiya, Provinsa **Radjasthan**, thaj **Pandjab** anθar e Nordvestuni Indiya. Dujto maj bilačhi etnikani grupa palal e Indiake, šaj.

## Anav
Jekh teorìa maśkar avere teoriură phenel kë o Anav "Romane"  avel andar e Sanskritikano Anav "Brahmane" e baresdar "Varna" (highest caste Level)
sar Mensa "Romani" O Anav Amare Kultura amaro arta te jivel si, So "Brahmani" andar e Religiona Hindipen O Anav (Jipen, Kultura, te Devleske Kreationa Amare Phuv).
Romani te Brahmani si yekh lav so andar e Vedikani/Sanskritikani Chiibh aves
so Kares e filosofia te jivel. 

Avere manuśa phenen kë o alav “Rrom” avel kaθar i vorba “Dom” kaj sas aver telutno kàsto anθ-e Xindutne kastistikano sistèmo. Von sas dromutne manuśa kaj baśavenas but instrumenturĕnça.

Aver teoria si kë o alav “Rrom” avilo e vorbăθar “Rum” kaj sas jekh them vaj than anθ-e Balkàne kana ël mule ël Rromenqe avile anθ-e Èfròpăqe phuvă.

Aver bàjo si kë maśkar e Rromenθe manuśa phenen kë naj Rroma tha’ Sinti. O alav “Sinti” śaj vi avilo kaθar o germanikano svàto “Reisende” kaj znaćil dromutno manuś anθ-e Nămcicka ćhib, nùma aver teoria phenel kë kamas-avili kaθar o Xindăqo lav, “Sindh”, kaj sas e phurane kherutne phuvă e Rromenqe

Pala dopash anda o mtDNA ai o lineage YDNA sikaven sa mai anglal sar si o Sudutni Asiya anda kado grupo etničko.
Kaj grupi si: 
*Y-DNA: H1a
*mtDNA: M5
Ai le kolaver grupuria sikaven sar zhanas anda Sudutni Asiya ka Europa:
*Y-DNA: I1, I2a, J2a4b, E1b1b, R1b, R1a
*mtDNA: H, J, T, U3, U5b, I, W, X.

*Dasikane Roma 
*Xoraxane Roma

## Buxlăriben

O Rromano buxlăriben vaj o Rromano Diasporos sas kana e Rromane ʒene avile kaθar e India thaj gele te ʒiven anθ-e avere thema sar i Pèrsia, O Arabithan, e Armènia vaj i Grèćia. Pala akava vaxt, maj but Rroma naśleθar i Èfròpa thaj areslĭne te beśen anθ-e avere thema thaj phuvă sar e Amerika, o Meksiko, e Argentina, i Australia, i Afrika thaj i Asia.

## Ćhib

Śaj ćitisares maj but informacia pal-i ćhib e Rromane manuśenqi kothe: Romani chib.

## Ròbia vaj Sklavipen
E Rromane manuśa sas therde anθ-i ròbia vaj sklavipen kana nakhle but śeliberśa.

## Avrutne phandimata
* Die indische Herkunft der Sinti und Roma
* Victor Shapoval - First Pages of Romani History (2003)
* A Romanian blog about Romani people and language (2007-2011)
* Romani-English and English-Romani free online dictionary - Renato B. Figueiredo 
* Лилоро/Liloro Интернетоскири бутори ваш
* Романыпэн Сетевая инициатива, посвященная цыганской культуре Internet Initiative For Romany Culture
Euroroma

**Euroroma** (bulgarikani: *Евророма*) si o bareder partido le romengo andi Bulgariya kerdo po 12 Deshtoduynay 1998. O sherutno ande partia si o Tsvetelin Kanchev.

## Xalyarimata


## Avrutne phandimata
* (bg) (en) Oficijalno webrig
* O Euroroma kay Facebook