فرانس دے شاہی حکمراناں دی لسٹ

ایہ **لسٹ فرانسیسی شاہی حکمرانان** (List of French monarchs) ا‏‏ے۔

فرانس دے بادشاہاں نے 843 وچ مغربی فرانک د‏‏ی بادشاہت دے قیام تو‏ں لے ک‏ے 1870 وچ دوسری فرانسیسی سلطنت دے خاتمے تک کئی رکاوٹاں دے نال حکومت کیت‏‏ی۔ سن 849 وچ کنگ چارلس بالڈ تو‏ں لے ک‏ے 1792 وچ کنگ لوئس XVI تک فرانس دے 45 بادشاہ سن ۔ فرانسیسی انقلاب دے بعد 7 شہنشاہاں تے کنگز نو‏‏ں شامل کرنے تو‏ں ، ایہ گل فرانس دے کل 52 بادشاہاں د‏‏ی ا‏‏ے۔

اگست 843 وچ معاہدہ ورڈن نے فرانک اقتدار نو‏‏ں تن ریاستاں وچ ونڈ دتا ، جنہاں وچو‏ں اک (مشرق فرانسیا) مختصر عرصے دا سی۔ ہور دو فرانس (مغربی فرانسیا) تے بالآخر جرمنی (مشرقی فرانسیا) وچ تبدیل ہوئے۔ اس وقت تک ، زمین دے مشرقی تے مغربی حصےآں وچ پہلے ہی مختلف زباناں تے ثقافتاں موجود سن۔

کیپٹین خاندان ، جو ہیو کیپٹ د‏‏ی نسل دے فرزند نسل اے ، نے پہلے حکمراناں نو‏‏ں شامل کيتا جس نے پہلی بار فلپ دوم (دور. 1180–1223) دے نال فرانس دے بادشاہ دا لقب اختیار کيتا۔ کیپٹینیاں نے 987 تو‏ں 1792 تک تے فیر 1814 تو‏ں 1848 تک مستقل حکمرانی کيت‏ی۔ خاندان د‏‏یاں شاخاں جنہاں نے 1328 دے بعد حکمرانی کيت‏ی ، عموما Val ویلوئس (1589 تک) تے بوربن (1589 تو‏ں) دے مخصوص شاخاں دے ناں دتے جاندے نيں۔

مختصر مدت دے دوران جدو‏ں 1791 دا فرانسیسی آئین نافذ ہويا (1791–92) تے جولائ‏ی انقلاب دے بعد 1830 وچ ، "بادشاہ فرانس آف" (اور نوارے) د‏‏ی بجائے "شاہ آف فرانسیسی" دا استعمال کيتا گیا۔ ایہ اک آئینی بدعت سی جسنو‏ں مشہور بادشاہت کہیا جاندا اے ، جس نے بادشاہ دا لقب فرانس دے علاقے اُتے قبضہ کرنے دے بجائے فرانسیسی عوام تو‏ں جوڑ دتا۔  

ہاؤس آف بوناپارٹ دے نال ، "فرانسیسی شہنشاہاں" نے 19واں صدی دے فرانس وچ ۱۸۰ تے ۱۸۱ دے درمیان ، فیر ۱۸۱۵ وچ ، تے ۱۸۵۲ تے ۱۸۰ دے درمیان حکومت کیت‏‏ی۔

## لقب

The title "King of the Franks" () gradually lost ground after 1190, during the reign of Philip II (but *FRANCORUM REX* continued to be used, for example by Louis XII in 1499, by Francis I in 1515, and by Henry II about 1550). It was used on coins up to the eighteenth century. During the brief period when the French Constitution of 1791 was in effect (1791–1792) and after the July Revolution in 1830, the style "King of the French" was used instead of "King of France (and Navarre)". It was a constitutional innovation known as popular monarchy which linked the monarch's title to the French people rather than to the possession of the territory of France.

In addition to the Kingdom of France, there were also two French Empires, the first from 1804 to 1814 and again in 1815, founded and ruled by Napoleon I, and the second from 1852 to 1870, founded and ruled by his nephew Napoleon III (also known as Louis-Napoleon). They used the title "Emperor of the French".

## Frankish dynasties

### Carolingian dynasty (843–888)

The Carolingian dynasty was a Frankish noble family with origins in the Arnulfing and Pippinid clans of the 7th century AD. The family consolidated its power in the 8th century, eventually making the offices of mayor of the palace and *[[dux et princeps Francorum]]* hereditary and becoming the real powers behind the Merovingian kings. The dynasty is named after one of these mayors of the palace, Charles Martel, whose son Pepin the Short dethroned the Merovingians in 751 and, with the consent of the Papacy and the aristocracy, was crowned King of the Franks. Pepin's great-grandson Charles the Bald was king at the time of the Treaty of Verdun (843) (for earlier rulers, see List of Frankish kings).

### Robertian dynasty (888–898)

The Robertians were Frankish noblemen owing fealty to the Carolingians, and ancestors of the subsequent Capetian dynasty. Odo (Eudes), Count of Paris, was chosen by the western Franks to be their king following the removal of emperor Charles the Fat. He was crowned at Compiègne in February 888 by Walter, Archbishop of Sens.

### Carolingian dynasty (898–922)

Charles, the posthumous son of Louis II, was crowned by a faction opposed to the Robertian Odo at Reims Cathedral in 893, though he only became the effectual monarch with the death of Odo in 898. He was deposed and died in captivity.

### Robertian dynasty (922–923)

### Bosonid dynasty (923–936)

The Bosonids were a noble family descended from Boso the Elder. A member of the family, Rudolph (Raoul), was elected "King of the Franks" in 923.

### Carolingian dynasty (936–987)

## Capetian dynasty (987–1792)

After the death of Louis V, Hugh Capet, the son of Hugh the Great and grandson of Robert&nbsp;I, was elected by the nobility as king of France. The Capetian Dynasty, the male-line descendants of Hugh Capet, ruled France continuously from 987 to 1792 and again from 1814 to 1848. They were direct descendants of the Robertian kings. The cadet branches of the dynasty which ruled after 1328, however, are generally given the specific branch names of *Valois* and *Bourbon*.

Not listed below are Hugh Magnus, eldest son of Robert II, and Philip of France, eldest son of Louis VI; both were co-kings with their fathers (in accordance with the early Capetian practice whereby kings would crown their heirs in their own lifetimes and share power with the co-king), but predeceased them. Because neither Hugh nor Philip were sole or senior king in their own lifetimes, they are not traditionally listed as Kings of France and are not given ordinals.

Henry VI of England, son of Catherine of Valois, became titular King of France upon his grandfather Charles VI's death in accordance with the Treaty of Troyes of 1420; however this was disputed and he is not always regarded as a legitimate king of France. English claims to the French throne actually date from 1328, when Edward III claimed the throne after the death of Charles IV.  Other than Henry VI, none had ever had their claim backed by treaty, and his title became contested after 1429, when Charles VII was crowned.  Henry himself was crowned by a different faction in 1431, though at the age of 10, he had yet to come of age.  The final phase of the Hundred Years War was fought between these competing factions, resulting in a Valois victory at the Battle of Castillon in 1453, putting an end to any meaningful claims of the English monarchs over the throne of France, though English and later British monarchs would continue to use the title "King of France" until 1801.

From 21 January 1793 to 8 June 1795, Louis XVI's son Louis-Charles was the titular King of France as Louis XVII; in reality, however, he was imprisoned in the Temple throughout this duration, and power was held by the leaders of the Republic. Upon Louis XVII's death, his uncle Louis-Stanislas (Louis XVI's brother) claimed the throne, as Louis XVIII, but only became *de facto* King of France in 1814.*

===[[خاندان کاپے]] (987–1328)===


ہیو کاپے تو‏ں نزول د‏‏ی مرکزی لائن [[خاندان کاپے|ہاؤس آف کاپے]] دے ناں تو‏ں مشہور ا‏‏ے۔ ایہ لائن ۱۳۲۸ وچ معدوم ہوگئی، اس نے اَگڑ پِچھڑ بحران پیدا کيتا جس نو‏‏ں سو سال د‏‏ی جنگ کہیا جاندا ا‏‏ے۔ جدو‏ں کہ کامیابی دے لئی متعدد دعویدار سن ، دو بہترین دعویدار ہاؤس آف ویلوئس تے ہاؤس آف پلانٹجینیٹ تے فیر بعد وچ ہاؤس آف لنکاسٹر سن ۔




=== House of Valois (1328–1589) ===


The death of [[Charles IV of France|Charles IV]] started the [[Hundred Years' War]] between the [[House of Valois]] and the [[House of Plantagenet]] later the [[House of Lancaster]] over control of the French throne. The Valois claimed the right to the succession by male-only [[primogeniture]], having the closest all-male line of descent from a recent French king. They were descended from the third son of [[Philip III of France|Philip III]], Charles, Count of Valois.  The Plantagenets based [[English claims to the French throne|their claim]] on being closer to a more recent French king, [[Edward III of England]] being a grandson of [[Philip IV of France|Philip IV]] through his mother, [[Isabella of France|Isabella]].  The two houses fought the [[Hundred Years War]] to enforce their claims; the Valois were ultimately successful, and French historiography counts their leaders as rightful kings.  One Plantagenet, [[Henry VI of England]], did enjoy *de jure* control of the French throne under the terms of the [[Treaty of Troyes]], which formed the basis for continued English claims to the throne of France until 1801.  The Valois line would rule France until the line became extinct in 1589, in the backdrop of the [[French Wars of Religion]].  As Navarre did not have a tradition of male-only primogeniture, the Navarrese monarchy became distinct from the French, with [[Joan II of Navarre|Joan II]], a daughter of Louis X, inheriting there.



===House of Lancaster (1422–1453)===



From 1340 to 1360 and from 1369 to 1801 the [[List of English monarchs|Kings of England]] and [[List of British monarchs|Great Britain]] [[British claims to the French throne|claimed the title of King of France]]. Under the terms of the 1420 [[Treaty of Troyes]], [[Charles VI of France|Charles VI]] had recognized his son-in-law [[Henry V of England]] as regent and heir. Henry V predeceased Charles VI and so Henry V's son, [[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]], succeeded his grandfather Charles VI as King of France. Most of Northern France was under English control until 1435 but by 1453 the English had been expelled from all of France save [[Calais]] and the [[Channel Islands]]. [[Siege of Calais (1558)|Calais itself fell in 1558]]. Nevertheless, English and then British monarchs continued to claim the title for themselves until the creation of the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]] in 1801.



===House of Valois (1328–1589)===



===House of Bourbon (1589–1792)===



The Valois line looked strong on the death of [[Henry II of France|Henry II]], who left four male heirs.  His first son, [[Francis II of France|Francis II]], died in his minority.  His second son, [[Charles IX of France|Charles IX]], had no legitimate sons to inherit.  Following the assassination of his third son, the childless [[Henry III of France|Henry III]], and the premature death of his fourth son [[Francis, Duke of Anjou|Hercule François]], France was plunged into a succession crisis over which distant cousin of the king would inherit the throne.  The best claimant, King [[Henry III of Navarre]], was a Protestant, and thus unacceptable to much of the French nobility.  Ultimately, after winning numerous battles in defence of his claim, Henry converted to Catholicism and was crowned as king Henry IV, founding the House of Bourbon.  This marked the second time the thrones of Navarre and France were united under one monarch; as different inheritance laws had caused them to become separated during the events of the Hundred Years Wars.  The House of Bourbon would be overthrown during the [[French Revolution]] and replaced by a short-lived [[First French Republic|republic]].



==House of Bonaparte, First Empire (1804–1814)==

The [[French First Republic]] lasted from 1792 to 1804, after which its popular First Consul, [[Napoleon|Napoléon Bonaparte]], decided to make [[France]] a [[monarchy]] again. He took the popular title [[Emperor of the French]] instead of [[King of France and Navarre]] or [[King of the French]] to avoid all titles of the [[Kingdom of France]] making France's second [[popular monarchy]].



==Capetian Dynasty (1814–1815)==

Following the first defeat of Napoleon and his exile to [[Elba]], the Bourbon monarchy was restored, with Louis XVI's younger brother Louis Stanislas being crowned as [[Louis XVIII of France|Louis XVIII]].  Louis XVI's son had been considered by monarchists as [[Louis XVII of France|Louis XVII]] but he was never crowned and never ruled in his own right before his own death. He is not usually counted among French monarchs, creating a gap in numbering on most traditional lists of French kings. Napoleon would briefly regain control of the country during his [[Hundred Days]] rule in 1815.  After his final defeat at the [[Battle of Waterloo]], Napoleon attempted to abdicate in favour of his son but the Bourbon Monarchy was re-established yet again and would continue to rule France until the [[July Revolution]] of 1830, replaced it with a cadet branch, the [[House of Orleans]].

===House of Bourbon, Bourbon Restoration (1814–1815)===





==House of Bonaparte, First Empire (Hundred Days, 1815)==



==Capetian dynasty (1815–1848)==


===House of Bourbon (1815–1830)===




The Bourbon Restoration came to an end with the [[July Revolution]] of 1830 which deposed [[Charles X of France|Charles X]] and replaced him with [[Louis Philippe I]], a distant cousin with more liberal politics. Charles X's son Louis signed a document renouncing his own right to the throne only after a 20-minute argument with his father. Because he was never crowned he is disputed as a genuine king of France. Louis's nephew Henry was likewise considered by some to be Henry V but the new regime did not recognise his claim and he never ruled.

===House of Orléans, July Monarchy (1830–1848)===

Under Louis Philippe, the [[popular monarchy]] of [[France]] changed the styles and forms of the *ancien régime'', replacing them with more populist forms like replacing "King of France" with "King of the French").

Over the years Louis Philippe grew more conservative. When a revolution broke out he fled to Great Britain leaving his grandson Prince Philippe, Count of Paris as King of the French. Two days later the Second French Republic was declared. He was never proclaimed, making him disputed as a genuine monarch.

## House of Bonaparte, Second Empire (1852–1870)

The French Second Republic lasted from 1848 to 1852, when its president, Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, was declared Emperor of the French. He took the regnal name of Napoleon III after his uncle (Napoleon I) and his cousin (Napoleon II, who was declared but uncrowned as heir to the Imperial throne).

Napoleon III would later be overthrown during the events of the Franco-Prussian War. He was the last monarch to rule France. After that the country was ruled by a succession of republican governments (see French Third Republic).

## Later pretenders
Various pretenders descended from the preceding monarchs have claimed to be the legitimate monarch of France, rejecting the claims of the president of France, and of each other. These groups are:
* Legitimist claimants to the throne of France: descendants of the Bourbons, rejecting all heads of state 1792–1814, 1815, and since 1830. Unionists recognized the Orléanist claimant after 1883.
* Legitimist-Anjou claimants to the throne of France: descendants of Louis XIV, claiming precedence over the House of Orléans by virtue of primogeniture.
* Orléanist claimants to the throne of France: descendants of Louis-Phillippe, himself descended from a junior line of the Bourbon dynasty, rejecting all heads of state since 1848.
* Bonapartist claimants to the throne of France: descendants of Napoleon I and his brothers, rejecting all heads of state 1815–48, and since 1870.
* English claimants to the throne of France: kings of England and later, of Great Britain (renounced by Hanoverian King George III upon union with Ireland in 1800).
* Jacobite claimants to the throne of France: senior heirs-general of King Edward III of England and thus his claim to the French throne, also claiming England, Scotland, and Ireland.

## Timeline

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## ہور ویکھو
*Kings of France family tree (detailed)
*French monarchs family tree (simple)
*Style of the French sovereign
*English claims to the French throne
*List of French consorts
*List of heirs to the French throne

## نوٹس

## حوالے

### کتابیات

*

گٹھ:فرانسیسی شاہی حکمرانان
گٹھ:فہارست فرانس دے سیاسی حکا‏م
گٹھ:لسٹ شاہان