Animal

: * Para king tauan king [[:en:Muppet Show]], lon ya ing [[:en:Animal (Muppet)]]. Para king [[:en:professional wrestling|professional wrestler]], lon ya ing [[:en:Joseph Laurinaitis]]*.

Metung lang manimunang grupu da reng organismu o lelangan deng a kayabe 
king kingdom **Animalia** or **Metazoa**. 
w:Multicellular la reng keraklan kareti, agyu dang kimut, mag-respondi la king karelang 
paligid, at mabibye la kapamilata’ning pamamangan kareng aliwang organismu.  Magi 
yang permanenti (fixed) ing pangabalangkas ning karelang katawan kabang daragul la.  
Keraklan, bandang umpisa na pa ning panaun a daragu’la, potang embryo la pamu, malilyari na ini, dapot ating mapilan a dadalan king prosesu ning metamorphosis potang kayi.  Mabibilang lang kayanib king animal kingdom 
deng tau.        

Atin yang mapilan a kayuryan ing Kingdom Animalia a bukud kareng aliwang mabibye.  
Mumuna, w:eukaryotic la reng animal.  Ini ing karelang pamiyaliwa king Kingdom Monera. Kadwa, w:multicellular la reng animal, a yang pamiyaliwa ra king 
w:Kingdom Protista.  Katlu,w:heterotrophic la reti, anya aliwa la king 
w:Kingdom Plantae ampo reng miyayaliwang w:protist a kawangis da reng tanaman.  Katatawlyan, bibilugan de ing Kingdom Animalia da reng organismung alang w:cell wall, anya aliwa ya king w:Kingdom Plantae, kareng algae, ampo kareng Kingdom Fungi.

Pinitna nong Aristotle deng eganaganang mabibyeng lelangan kareng 
animal ampong tanaman.  Ini ing tikyan nang w:Carolus Linnaeus anyang gewa ne 
ing mumunang hierarchical classification o makaranggung pamanuri da reng organismu.  
Manibat anyang inumpisan dang dinan ulaga deng biologist ing evolutionary relationship 
o pamiugnayan a agpang king penibatan, melati la at mebawasan deng grupung deti.  
Alimbawa, tuturing dong animal deng mangalatiktik a protozoa uling kikimut la, dapot 
ngeni, kewani ra na la.  King karaniwan a pamisabi-sabi, ampo kareng mapilan a 
relihiun, tuturing dong makakawani kareng animal deng tau uling agyu ra ing 
pamagsalita, matas a uri ing karelang pamanisip, o uling ila ing pinili ning metung 
a dios, dapot nung tukyan tamu ing salukuyang batayan o panyukad ning biologia 
ampong taxonomy, kayanib la kareng animal deti.  Ibat ya ing lagyung animal king 
katayang w:Latin a *animal*, a *animalia*  no man nung daka’la.  Ing 
penibata’na naman niti, itang katayang *anima*, a maki kabaldugan a diwa o kaladwa.
 
## Pangabalangkas (structure)

Liban kareng mapilan a organismu, lalu na reng w:sponge (Phylum w:Porifera), 
bibilugan do reng miyayaliwang klasing  tissues o kalamnan deng 
animal.  Kayabe la kareti deng [w:muscle]], a malyaring murung at maging sangkan ning 
pamangimut, at ing w:nervous_system, a yang magparla at mag-process kareng sinyal.  
Atin muring lugal king kilub ning karelang katawan nung nu malilyari ing pamaglaso (digestion king karelang pamangan, a maki metung o adwang busbus.  Metazoan ing 
aus da kareng animal a anti kaniti pangabalangkas, o eumetazoan naman nung magagamit 
ya kareng animal king pangkabilugan itang mumunang kataya (metazoan).   
 
Atin lang eukaryotic a cell deng eganaganang animal, nung nu makapadurut 
ing w:extracellular matrix a bibilugan ning w:collagen ampong w:glycoprotein a 
elastic o mayayatyat.  Malyari yang sapak o katmung w:calcium iti at bumilug bageng 
anti reng kapsa (shell), butul, ampong spicule.  Potang daragul ya pamu ing animal, 
metung ya iting pekabalangkas a malyaring ibaluktut (flexible), nung nu la malyaring 
kimut-kimut deng cell at mibayu pangasamasan.  Uli na niti, malyaring gawang bage o 
dake ning katawan a komplikadu o dakal a sangkap.  E anti kareng aliwang organismung 
multicellular anti kareng tanaman ampong fungus, nung nu la makakabit 
kapamilatan da reng [w:cell wall], anya tuki-tuki at pasulung ing pamandagul da reti.  
Metung pa, bukud la mung kareng cell da reng animal mayayakit deng makatuking pamituglung king pilatan da reng cell (intercellular junctions): [tight junction, w:gap junction, and w:desmosome.

## Ing pamiparakal da at pamanalkus (reproduction and development)
 
Dadalan la king metung a klasing w:sexual reproduction deng alus eganaganang animal.  
w:Diploid la reng mangaragul na o atyu na king ustung edad, at neng kayi, w:polyploid 
la reti.  Deti, atin lang mapilan a reproductive cell a bukud kareng aliwa (specialized).  
Dadalan la reti king w:meiosis, a gagawang mas mangalating w:spermatozoa, o mas 
mangaragul a w:ovum.  Misasanib la reti at bibilug king w:zygote, a yang panibatan da 
reng bayung animal.    
 
Malyari la muring dumalan king w:asexual reproduction deng dakal kareng animal.  
Mapalyaring king kapamilatan ning w:parthenogenesis marapat iti, nung nu mikaka 
ebun a malalaus agyang alang “mating” a malilyari, o neng kayi kapamilata’ning 
pamipitna-pitna o pamipira-pirasu.  
 
Potang mumuna, ing w:zygote magi yang anting bolang alang laman king kilub, a 
yawsan dang w:blastula.  Manaliwa ya pangasamasan at itsura iti, at magi lang 
myayaliwang klasi deng kayang cell.  Kareng sponge, kakawe la reng larva ning blastula 
papunta king metung a bayung karinan o lugal, nung ya lunto ing metung a bayung 
sponge.  Karen namang keraklan kareng animal, lalung komplikadu ing pamagbayu ning 
blastula.  Mumuna, mag-invaginate ya (magtuklip yang palub ing metung nang “pisni”) 
ban lunto ya ing metung a gastrula, a maki digestive chamber (bakanting lugal nung nu 
malalaso ing pamangan), at adwang mikakawaning germ layer – metung a w:ectoderm a 
makalwal, at metung a w:endoderm a makalub.  Keraklan, atin pang laltong 
w:mesoderm king pilatan da reng adwang mitutumpak a reti.  Kaybat, manaliwa 
(differentiate) la reting germ layer, at ilang maging kalamnan (tissue) ampong laman lub 
(organ).
 
## Penibatan ampong fossil record
 
Paniwalan da reng keraklan a menibat la reng animal kareng protozoa a w:flagellate o maki flagellum.  
Pekamalapit dong kamaganak deng w:choanoflagellate, a flagellate a maki collar o tela- 
kwelyu, a kawangis da reng mapilan a sponge cell.  Agpang king pamanigaral king 
karelang DNA, kayanib la reti king metung a maragul a grupu o supergroup a awsan dang 
w:opisthokont, nung nu la murin kayabe deng w:fungus, at mapilan a mangalating 
w:protist a parasitiku.  Menibat ya ing lagyu king pangabili ning w:flagellum, a atyu 
king dake nang gulut da reng cell a kikimut (motile cells), antimo king sperm da reng 
animal, e anti kareng aliwang eukaryote, nung nu ing dake rang arap ing maki flagellum.
 
Linto la reng mumunang fossil a malyaring tang asabing kareng animal anyang bandang 
wakas ning panaun a :en:Precambrian, anam a ralan a milyung :en:600 million banwa na 
ing milabas.  :en:Vendian biota ing aus da kareti.  Nanupata, e malino ing pamiugne da 
reti kareng fossil a linto kaybat da.  Malyaring menibat la kareng mapilan kareti deng 
phylum ngening panaun tamu, o mapalyari namang aliwa lang grupu.  Posibling e la man 
bitasang animal detang fossil.  Bukud kareti, alus miyagnan-agnan lang linto deng 
keraklan kareng phylum da reng animal anyang panaun a :en:Cambrian, limandalan at 
pitumpulung milyung :en:570 million banwa ing milabas.  Ala pang pamikasundu nung 
ining pangapalyaring iti, a mayayaus a :en:Cambrian explosion, metung yang pamikawa-
kawani da reng miyayaliwang grupu, o minaliwa ing kabilyan, at milyaring mika fossil.          
  
## Deng grupu da reng animal

Maranun long mikawani deng sponge (w:Porifera) kareng aliwang animal.  Anti ing 
mebanggit na, e mayayakit karela ing komplikadung pangabalangkas a atyu kareng 
aliwang phylum (maragul a grupu da reng animal at aliwang organismu).  Agyang 
miyayaliwa nong klasi (differentiated) deng cell da reti, e la pa bibilug aliwa-liwang 
uring kalamnan.  E la mamalis lugal (sessile) deng sponge, at mamangan la kapamilatan 
ning “pamanyipsip” danum palub kareng busbus (w:pore} king mabilug dang katawan, a 
susuportan ning metung a skeleton a bibilugan da reng spicule.  Malyaring kayabe ya 
murin kareng sponge itang w:Archaeocyatha a mewala na (extinct), o aliwa yang 
phylum iti.   
 
Karetang phylum a eumatozoan, adwa la reng maki radial symmetry at maki digestive 
chamber (karinan a pipaglasawan pamangan) a maki metung mung busbus, a yang 
magsilbing piluluban pamangan at pilulwalan pengan.  Deni reng :en:Cnidari, nung nu la 
kayabe deng w:anemone, w:coral, ampong :en:jellyfish, at saka reng w:Ctenophora o 
comb jelly.  Pareu lang maki makakawaning tissue o uri ning kalamnan, dapot e la pa 
bibilug laman lub o laman lub deti.  Adwa la mu reng germ layer, deng ectodern 
ampong endoderm, at maki cell a makakalat king pilatan da reti.  Uli na niti, awsan dong 
w:diploblastic deti.  Kawangis de reti ing malating phylum a w:Placozoa, mupin ala lang 
permanenting pilalasawan pamangan deni.    
 
Detang aliwa pang animal, bibilug lang monophyletic (metung mu penibatan) a grupung 
awsan dang w:Bilateria.  Keraklan kareti, bilateral la symmetry, at makabukud ne gamit 
o katungkulan (specialized) ing buntuk a maki parti yang gagamitan bang mangan at 
panamdaman ing kayang paligid (sense organs).  Triploblastic ya ing 
kayang katawan; buri nang sabyan, malino na la deng atlung germ layer, at bibilug nong 
ayawus tamung organ deng kalamnan.  Adwa ya busbus ing pilalasawan pamangan, ing 
asbuk ampo ing peka-buldit, at atin muring bakanting lugal kilub katawan o internal body 
cavity  a awsan dang coelom o pseudocoelom.  Nanupata, ating e tutuki kareng kayuryan 
a reti.  Alimbawa, radial ing symmetry da reng :en:echinoderm a maragul na (adult), at 
misna namang simpli ing pangabalangkas ning katawan da reng mapilan a bulating 
parasitiku.          

Uling kareng pamanigaral king genetics, minaliwa nang bagya ing balu tamu tungkul 
king Bilateria.  Kayabe la kareng apat a manimunang lahi ding keraklan kareti: 
# w:Deuterostomes
# w:Ecdysozoa
# w:Platyzoa
# w:Lophotrochozoa
  
Bukud pa kareti, atin pang mapilan a mangalating grupu da reng animal king Bilateria a 
kawangis da katawan deti, a malyaring kinawani bayu deng manimunang grupung deti.  
Kayabe no kareti deng :en:Acoelomorpha, :en:Rhombozoa, at :en:Orthonectida.  
Paniwalan da ngening detang :en:Myxozoa, parasitikung tunggal mu cell at sadyang rang 
tuturing a kayabe king Protozoa, ibat la murin pala king Bilateria.      
 
### Deng Deuterostome
 
Atin lang mapilan a e pamilupa kareng aliwang Bilateria, a awsan dang w:protostome, 
deng w:Deuterostome.  Kumpletu ya ing digestive tract (dadalanan ning pamangan) 
kareng adwang grupu.  Nanupata, mági yang asbuk itang mumunang busbus kareng 
protostome (itang archenteron), at makakawani yang lalto itang maging pekabuldit.  
Baligtad naman ing malilyari kareng protostome.  Kareng protostome, kakatmwan deng 
cell ing kilub ning gastrula ba yang lunto ing mesoderm, at ini awsan dang schizocoelous 
development.  Samantala, kareng deuterostome, malilyari iti kapamilatan ning 
w:evagination ning endoderm, a awsan dang enterocoelic pouching.  Ken yang gulut 
(dorsal] ing nerve chord da reng deuterostome (e ya ventral o king arap anti kareng 
protostome), at king aliwang paralan malilyari ing cleavage o pamipitna-pitna da reng 
karelang embryo.    
 
Balamu, ing lalto kaniting mebanggit, mikakawani lang lahi deng deuterostome at 
protostome, at ing balang metung kareti, atin ya mung metung a penibatan.  Deng 
manimunang phylum da reng deuterostome ila reng w:Echinodermata ampong 
w:Chordata.  Radial ing symmetry ning mumunang grupu, at purus lang king dagat 
mabibye.  Kayabe la kareng echinoderm deng w:sea star, w:sea urchin, ampong w:sea cucumber.  Keta namang kadwang grupu, deng chordate, deng vertebrate o animal a 
maki galugud, ilang manimuna.  Kayabe la kareti deng asan, amphibian, w:reptile, ayup, ampong mammal.      
 
Bukud pa kareti, kayabe la murin kareng deuterostome deng w:Hemichordata o acorn 
worm.  Agyang e la makaing kilala ngeni deng grupung deti, kayanib la keti deng 
maulagang fossil a awsan dang graptolite.  Mapalyari muring deuterostome la deng 
w:Chaetognatha o arrow worm, oneng e makaing siguradu ini.

### Deng Ecdysozoa
 
Protostome la reng :en:Ecdysozoa, a pepalagyuan da uling ketang karelang daraptan a 
pamag-molt o pamaglupi (pamanaliling balat o :en:ecdysis.  Kayabe ya keti ing 
pekamaragul a phylum da reng animal, ing :en:Arthropoda, nung nu la kayabe deng 
insektu, babagwa, ema, ampo reng karelang kamaganak.  Mapipitna ya ing 
katawan da reti kareng dakeng lupa-lupa, a keraklan maki bitis a mipaparis.  Makanyan la 
murin kayuryan deng adwa pang mas mangalating phylum, deng :en:Onychophora 
ampong :en:Tardigrada, a malapit dang kamaganak deng arthropod.      
 
Tuturing da la muring ecdysozoan deng :en:Nematoda o roundworm, ing kadwang 
pekamaragul a phylum da reng animal.  Mangalatiktik (microscopic at mayayakit la mu 
keng microscope) deng keraklan kareng roundworm, at mabibye la reti king halus balang 
lugal a maki danum.  Manimuna lang parasitiku deng mapilan kareti.  Kayabe la kareng 
kamaganak da reti deng :en:Nematomorpha o horsehair worm, a mayayakit agyang alang 
gagamitan a instrumentu, ampo reng Kinorhyncha, :en:Priapulida, ampong 
:en:Loricifera, a mayayakit mu kapamilata’ning microscope.  E ne kumpletu ing coelom 
da reti, a mayayaus pseudocoelom.  
  
Neng kai, piyayabe ra la king Spiralia deng adwang mitatagan a grupu da reng 
protostome, uling king paralan a spiral (makabalibul) ing pamipitna o cleavage da reng 
embryo da reti.    

### Deng Platyzoa
 
Kayanib la king Platyzoa deng phylum w:Platyhelminthes, deng flatworm.  Anyang 
purmeru, tuturing do reting kayabe kareng pekamatwang uring (primitive) Bilateria, pero 
ngeni balamu laltong ibat la reti kareng mas makabayung pipumpunan.  Kayabe la king 
grupung deti deng mapilan a parasitiku, antimo deng w:fluke ampong :en:tapeworm.  Ala 
lang coelom deng flatworm, kalupa da reng pekamalapit dang kamaganak, deng 
microscopic a w:Gastrotrichia.  
 
Microscopic la at pseudocoelomate deng aliwa pang phylum a platyzoan.  Deng 
w:Rotifera, a marlas mayayakit kareng lugal a maranum, ing kilalang dili kareti.  Kayabe 
la murin deng w:Acanthocephala spiny-headed worms (bulating masuksuk buntuk), 
deng :en:Gnathostomulida, w:Micrognathozoa, at malyaring deng w:Cycliophora.  Para-
pareu lang maki komplikadung panga dening grupung deti, at uli na niti, awsan dong 
w:Gnathifera.   
 
### Deng Lophotrochozoa
  
Kayabe la kareng Lophotrichia deng adwa kareng maragul diling phylum da reng phylum 
da reng animal, deng w:Mollusca ampong :en:Annelida.  Kayabe la king mumuna deng 
animal kalupa da reng susu (animal), talaba, ampong pusit.  Den namang 
kadwa, deng Annelida, bibilugan do reng bulating segmented antimo reng w:earthworm 
ampo reng linta.  Malwat da nong tuturing a mikamaganak dening adwang deti uling 
pareu lang ating w:trocophore larvae, oneng mas malapit la kanu deng annelid kareng 
arthropod uling pareu lang segmented.  Ngeni, sasabyan dang convergent evolution ini 
(itang aliwa la penibatan at mikatagun a mipareu la king metung a kayuryan, ita ping 
segmented la), uling kareng dakal dang pamiyaliwa king itsura ning karelang katawan 
ampo king karelang DNA (ing sangkap a magdala kareng kauryan, alimbawa itsura, a 
pamana da reng pengari karing supling). 
 
Kayabe la kareng Lophotrochozoa deng w:Nemertea o ribbon worm, deng w:Sipuncula, 
at mapilan a phylum a maki tela-pamepeng cilia a makapadurut king karelang asbuk, a 
awsan dang [w:lophophore]].  Kanitang minuna, abe-abe la king grupung lophophorate 
dening animal a reti, oneng ngeni, laltong w:paraphyletic la reti; mas malapit la king 
Nemertea deng mapilan, kabang kamaganak da no man deng Mollusca ampong Annelida 
detang aliwa.  Kayabe la king grupung deti deng w:Brachiopoda o lamp shells, a 
kapansin-pansin king fossil record, deng w:Entoprocta, :en:Phoronida, at malyaring deng 
w:Ectoprocta o moss animal.

## Ing kasalesayan ning pamanuri (classification)

Ketang minuna nang planung Linnaeus, metung la reng animal 
kareng atlung kingdom.  Mapipitna la reti kareng class a w:Vermes, [Insecta], 
[asan|Pisces, w:Amphibia, Aves ampong Mammalia.  Manibat 
kanita, miyanib no ngan king metung a phylum, ing w:Chordata, deng tawling apat, 
kabang pikawani da no man detang aliwa.  Ing mebanggit king babo ing kekatamung 
paglalawe king grupung iti king salukuyan, dapot ating ditak a pamiyaliwa dependi nung 
ninu ing kutnan.    
 
## Deng alimbawa

Dening makatuki ila reng mapilan kareng pekakilalang animal, a makalista lalam da reng 
karelang karaniwan a lagyu o common name.

* alpaca, panas, :en:antelope, badger, talibatab, osu, bee, saligubang, ayup, bison, mariposa, pusa, manuk, ipas , coral, baka, dinosaur, asu, dolphin, earthworm,  elepanti, elk, asan, lango, w:fox, tugak, giraffe, kambing, gorilla, hippopotamus, kabayu, tau, iguana, jellyfish, kangaroo, leon, lupisak, llama, lynx, matsin, mouse, nightingale, octopus, kulayu, ox, loru, penguin, babi, pugu, kunehu, dagis, rhinoceros, salamander, alakdan, seahorse, pating, tupa, w:sloth, ubingan, babagwa, pusit, starfish, tigri, pau, w:urial, w:vole, balyena, lobu, yak, zebra

## Lon la murin deti
* w:Amphibian
* w:Animal intelligence
* w:Animal locomotion
* w:Animal rights
* Biblical terms
** w:Clean animals
** w:Unclean animals
* w:Biology
* w:Biota
* w:Bird
* w:Fish
* w:Insect
* w:Mammal
* w:Nonhuman animals ethics
* w:Prehistoric life
* w:Reptile
* w:Zoology
* w:Zoo

## Suglung palual

* Animals Search Engine 
* Tree of Life 
* A Multimedia Database of Various UK or Endangered Species
* Animals and Birds 
Names  - Large table of words: animal, collective, male, female, young, & home
* English Animal 
Adjectives 
* Sounds of the World's 
Animals - animal sounds in many languages
* FindSounds - Search the Web for Sounds  - sound files 
including animal sound files
* AnimalReviews - animals reviewed and evaluated
* The animal photo archive  - Photos of animals
* Photo gallery of animals pictures from the entire 
world. 
* Birds Name Check List in Latin, English, 
Russian and Hebrew.