Chinua Achebe

I **Chinua Achebe** (, a mibait a **Albert Chinualumogu Achebe**, 16 Noviembre 1930 – 21 Marzo 2013)  metung yang Nigerian a nobelista, poeta, propesor, ampong kritiku. Pikabalwan yang dili king kayang mumunang nobela ampong obra maestra, ing *[[Things Fall Apart]]* ("Misasalbag la reng Sabla") (1958), a yang babasan dang diling libru king makabayung literaturang Aprikanu.

Peparagul de reng kayang pengari king balen a Igbo ning Ogidi king mauli-aslagang Nigeria, i Achebe, a mengibabo king kayang pamagaral at meging iskolar king kolehiyu. Mika interes ya kareng relihyun ning yatu, at sinulat yang makuyad a salita anyang estudyanti ya king unibersidad. Kayari na, megobra ya king Nigerian Broadcasting Service (NBS) at kaybat, minalis y aking lakanbalen ning Lagos. Sinikat ya king mabilug a yatu uli ning *[[Things Fall Apart]]* anyang tawli nang dake ning dekadang 1950s; kayabe la kareng nobela nang tinuki kaniti *[[No Longer at Ease]]* (1960), *[[Arrow of God]]* (1964), *[[A Man of the People]]* (1966), ampong *[[Anthills of the Savannah]]* (1987). King Ingles ya sinulat i Achebe, at pemingwa na ing pamangamit na king Ingles, metung a  wrote his novels in English and defended the use of English, a "amanu da reng kolonyalista" ("language of colonisers") king panyulat a Aprikanu. Kanitang 1975, pepaturanan ne king kayang pamiturung (*lecture*) *[[An Image of Africa|An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad's "Heart of Darkness"]]* i Joseph Conrad antimong metung a "bloody racist"; kaybat, milimbag ya iting maki kontrobersya.

Anyang kinawani ya ing labwad o rehyon ning Biafra king Nigeria anyang 1967, megi ya talasuporta i Achebe  ning pamagsarili ning Biafra at migsilbi yang embahador para kareng memalen ning bayung bangsa. Memagkasakit la reng tau king gera, at anyang melalam ing epektu ning danup ampong biyolensya, mekisabi ya kareng memalen ning Europa ampo reng America para king saup. Anyang ikwa neng pasibayu ning kapamahalan ning Nigeria ing labwad anyang  1970, mikyabe ya kareng partidung politikal oneng e miglwat, migdimitir ya uling mebigu ya king korupsyon ampong elitismung asaksyan na. Pilan yang banwang menuknangan king Estados Unidos anyang dekadang 1970s, at migbalik ya king Estados Unidos anyang 1990 kaybat nang mika kapansanan kaybat ning aksidenti king kotsi.

Makatutuk la reng nobela nang Achebe kareng tradisyon ning sosyedad a Igbo, ing epektu da reng impluwensyang Cristiano, ampo ing pamisalungat da reng pamipaulagang (*values*) a Aprikanu anyang panaun a kolonyal at kaybat na niti. Mamasa ya ing kayang istilu king tradisyong oral a  Igbo, at piyayabe na ing deretsung pamagkwentu kareng alimbawa o pamikatawan da reng salitang malda  balen  oral tradition, and combines straightforward narration with representations of (*folk stories*), kasebyan, ampong pamagdiskursu (*oratory*).  Milimbag ya mu namang mapilang makuyad a salita (*short stories*), librung anak, ampong koleksyon da reng salese (*essay collections*). Manibat 2009 angga king kayang kamatayan, migsilbi yang propesor king Brown University king Estados Unidos.

## Dalerayan

## Bibliography

* Achebe, Chinua (1965). "English and the African Writer". *Transition* **18**: 27–30. .
* Achebe, Chinua (1975). *Morning Yet on Creation Day*. London: Heinemann Educational. ISBN 978-0-435-18026-3.
* Achebe, Chinua (1989). *Hopes and Impediments: Selected Essays*. New York: Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-24730-6.
* Achebe, Chinua (1994). *Things Fall Apart*. New York: Anchor Books. ISBN 978-0-385-47454-2.
* Agetua, John (Ed.) (1977).  *Critics on Chinua Achebe, 1970-76*. Benin City, Nigeria: Bendel Newspapers Corp.
* Azohu, Virginia (1996). "Culture and the Frontiers of Language". In Ihekweazu, Edith. *Eagle on Iroko: Selected Papers from the Chinua Achebe International Symposium, 1990*. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria) PLC. ISBN 978-978-129-379-5.
* Bicknell, Catherine (1996). "Achebe's Women: Mothers, Priestesses, And Young Urban Professionals". In Ihekweazu, Edith. *Eagle on Iroko: Selected Papers from the Chinua Achebe International Symposium, 1990*. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria) PLC. ISBN 978-978-129-379-5.
* Booker, M. Keith and Simon Gikandi (2003). *The Chinua Achebe Encyclopedia*. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.  ISBN 978-0-325-07063-6.
* Egar, Emmanuel Edame (2000).  *The Rhetorical Implications of Chinua Achebe's 'Things Fall Apart' * Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America. ISBN 978-0-7618-1721-5.
* Egejuru, Phanuel (1996). "Orethory Okwu Oka: A Neglected Technique In Achebe's Literary Artistry". In Ihekweazu, Edith. *Eagle on Iroko: Selected Papers from the Chinua Achebe International Symposium, 1990*. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria) PLC. ISBN 978-978-129-379-5.
* Egejuru, Phanuel Akubueze (2001). *Chinua Achebe: Pure and Simple, an Oral Biography*. Stoke-on-Trent: Malthouse Press. ISBN 978-978-023-148-4.
* Ekwe-Ekwe, Herbert (2001). *African Literature in Defence of History: An Essay on Chinua Achebe*. Dakar: African Renaissance. ISBN 978-1-903625-10-1.
* Emenyonu, Ernest N. (1991). "Chinua Achebe's *Things Fall Apart*: A Classic Study in Colonial Diplomatic Tactlessness". In Petersen, Kirsten Holst and Anna Rutherford, eds. *Chinua Achebe: A Celebration*. Oxford, England: Dangeroo Press. ISBN 978-0-435-08060-0.
* Emenyonu, Ernest N. (1996). "Foreword: For Whom The Honour Is Due". In Ihekweazu, Edith. *Eagle on Iroko: Selected Papers from the Chinua Achebe International Symposium, 1990*. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria) PLC. ISBN 978-978-129-379-5.
* Emenyonu, Ernest N. (Ed.) (2004). *Emerging Perspectives on Chinua Achebe* Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World Press. ISBN 978-0-86543-876-7 (v. 1), ISBN 978-0-86543-878-1 (v. 2).
* Ezenwa-Ohaeto (1997).  *Chinua Achebe: A Biography*. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-33342-1.
* Franklin, Ruth. "After Empire: Chinua Achebe and the Great African Novel". *[[The New Yorker]]*, 26 May 2008. Retrieved on 7 December 2010.
* Gera, Anjali (2001). *Three Great African Novelists*. New Delhi: Creative Books. ISBN 978-81-86318-79-9.
* Gikandi, Simon (1991).  *Reading Chinua Achebe: Language and Ideology in Fiction* London: J. Currey. ISBN 978-0-85255-527-9.
* 
* Innes, Catherine Lynette (1990).  *Chinua Achebe*. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
* Innes, C. L. and Bernth Lindfors (Eds.) (1978).  *Critical Perspectives on Chinua Achebe*. Washington: Three Continents Press. ISBN 978-0-914478-45-4.
* Jaya Lakshmi, Rao V (2003).  *Culture and Anarchy in the Novels of Chinua Achebe* Bareilly: Prakash Book Depot.
* July, Robert W (1987). *An African Voice*. Durham (NC): Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-0769-3.
* Killam, G. D. (1977). *The Writings of Chinua Achebe* London: Heinemann Educational. ISBN 978-0-435-91665-7.
* Laurence, Margaret (2001). *Long Drums and Cannons: Nigerian Dramatists and Novelists, 1952-1966*. Alberta: University of Alberta Press. ISBN 978-0-88864-332-2.
* Lindfors, Bernth (1982). *Early Nigerian Literature*. New York: Holmes & Meier Publishers, Ltd. ISBN 978-0-8419-0740-9.
* Mezu, Rose Ure (2006). *Chinua Achebe: The Man and His Works*. London: Adonis & Abbey Publishers Ltd. ISBN 978-1-905068-21-0.
* Niven, Alistair (1991). "Chinua Achebe and the Possibility of Modern Tragedy". In Petersen, Kirsten Holst and Anna Rutherford, eds. *Chinua Achebe: A Celebration*. Oxford, England: Dangeroo Press. ISBN 978-0-435-08060-0.
* Njoku, Benedict Chiaka (1984).  *The Four Novels of Chinua Achebe: A Critical Study* New York: P. Lang. ISBN 978-0-8204-0154-6.
* Nnolim, Charles (1996). "The Artist in Search of The Right Leadership: Achebe As A Social Critic". In Ihekweazu, Edith. *Eagle on Iroko: Selected Papers from the Chinua Achebe International Symposium, 1990*. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria) PLC. ISBN 978-978-129-379-5.
* Ogbaa, Kalu (1999). *Understanding Things Fall Apart*. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-30294-7.
* Ogede, Ode (2001).  *Achebe and the Politics of Representation: Form Against Itself, From Colonial Conquest and Occupation to Post-Independence Disillusionment* Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World Press. ISBN 978-0-86543-774-6.
* Ojinmah, Umelo (1991). *Chinua Achebe: New Perspectives* Ibadan: Spectrum Books Limited. ISBN 978-978-2461-16-2.
* Okpewho, Isidore, (Ed.) (2003). *Chinua Achebe's 'Things Fall Apart': A Casebook* Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-514763-6.
*
* Sallah, Tijan M. and Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala (2003). *Chinua Achebe, Teacher of Light: A Biography* Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World Press. ISBN 978-1-59221-031-2.
* Tredell, Nicolas (2000). *Joseph Conrad: Heart of Darkness*. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11923-8.
* Yankson, Kofi E. (1990). *Chinua Achebe's Novels: A Sociolinguistic Perspective*. Uruowulu-Obosi, Nigeria: Pacific Publishers. ISBN 978-978-2347-79-4.
* Yousaf, Nahem (2003). *Chinua Achebe*. Tavistock : Northcote House in Association with the British Council. ISBN 978-0-7463-0885-1.

## Suglung palwal

*A long way from home Interview in *[[The Guardian]]*, 10 July 2007
* 
*Achebe reading his poetry 
*
*
*
*[Chinua Achebe addresses the 2008 [Palestine Festival of Literature]]
*Chinua Achebe Study guide 
*Guide to Chinua Achebe papers at Houghton Library, Harvard University