Leukocyte

Deng **leukocyte** o **korpuskulos a maputi**, cell no ning immune system a mamingwa o magprotekta king katawan laban kareng sakit ibat kareng mikrobius ampong bageng e karapatdapat king katawan. Dakal la at miyayaliwa deng leukocyte, dapot deti ngan melalang la ibat king metung a multipotent cell king utak ning butul a ausan dang hematopoietic stem cell. Mayayakit la reng leukocyte king mabilug a katawan, kayabe ne ing daya ampo ing lymphatic system. 

Keraklan, mayayakit ya ing sakit king bilang da reng leukocyte king daya. Keraklan, ing bilang da reti atyu king pilatan ning 4×109 ampong 11×109 a korpuskulos a malutu king metung a litrung daya, o manga metung a porsientu (1%) ning daya ning taung atyu king ustung edad ampong pamikakatawan. Kareng sakit anti ing leukemia, mas matas ya kesa king karaniwan ing bilang da reng leukocyte, at nung leukopenia naman, mas mababa ne man. Mamaliwa la reng pisikal a kaurian (physical properties) antimo reng dagul, kagiwan magdalang kurienti (conductivity), ampong pangagaspang (granularity) uli ning panga-aktibu da reti, ing panga-atyu o presensia da reng cell a e pa matua (immature), o ing presensia da reng malignant a leukocyte.   

## Penibatan ning kataya (etymology)
Melalang ya ing katayang "korpuskulos a maputi" o "White Blood Cell" uling kaibat ning centrifugation ning daya, mayayakit la reng mangaputing cell king 
*[[Buffy coat]]*, metung a maimpis a tumpak (layer) da reng cell king pilatan da reng korpuskulos a malutu o erythrocyte ampo ing plasma ning daya, a keraklan kule maputi. Keni ya ibat ing terminung  *leukocyte*, a mekua king  *leukos* - maputi, ampong *kytos* - cell. Maliari yang maging aluntian ing plasma ning daya nung dakal la reng neutrophil, uling king enzyme a maki heme, ing myeloperoxidase, a gagawan da reti.         

## Uri
Miyayaliwa lang uri deng korpuskulos a maputi. Dakal ing kareng pamiyawig, oneng miyayaliwa la reti. Ing metung a paralan ning pamitinduk-tinduk (classification) kareti, yapin ing pamanintun kareng binutil (granules), anya apikawani ta la reti kareng granulocyte ampong agranulocyte.    
Deng **granulocytes (polymorphonuclear leucocytes):** deng leukocyte a a maki binutil (granules) a aliwa pangakule (differently staining) king karelang cytoplasm neng lalon la lalam ning light microscope. Deting granule, enzyme lang padurutan dang membrane a keraklan magagamit king pamaglaso kareng mangalating bageng me-endocytose o inakmul ning cell. Atlu lang uri deng granulocyte: deng neutrophil, basophil ampng eosinophil]], a mipalagyuan agpang o basi king maliliari karela neng mikukulayan la (staining properties).

* **Deng agranulocyte (mononuclear leucocytes):** Deng leukocyte a makikilala uling laltong ala lang binutil o granule king karelang cytoplasm. Lipat ning ala lang granule basi king karelang lagyu, atin lang e makukulayan a azurophilic granules deti, a lysosome. Kayabe la reti deng lymphocyte, monocyte, ampong macrophage.

### Overview table

### Neutrophil
 
Deng neutrophil magagamit la king pamamingua (defense) laban kareng impeksiun o sakit a daralan da reng bacteria o fungi at aliwa pang panibatan ning pamangalbag (inflammatory processes), keraklan, ila ing mumunang mag-respondi king impeksiun ibat kareng mikrobius. Lálto ing nana uling king aktibidad da reng dakal a neutrophil. Ausan da la muring polymorphonuclear leukocyte ampong microphage. Ibat ya ing lagyung microphage uling king aktibu rang pamakiabe deti king phagocytosis o pamanakmul dang bage deti. Maki nucleus lang multilobed o dakal tela-balugbug a maglupang dakal a nucleus: keti ya menibat ing katayang name polymorphonuclear leukocyte. Malyari yang luntong malino ing cytoplasm uling kareng mangapinung binutil o granule a maki ditak a kuleng malare. Aktibu la reng neutrophil king pamag-phagocytose kareng bacteria, at dakal la reti kareng sugat. Nanupata, e la miyayalilan deng kareng lysosome a magagamit king pamaglaso kareng mikrobius a inakmul da - iti ing sangkan nung bakit mayayakit la reti keraklan king nana, at e king laman. 

### Eosinophil

Ing manimuna dang papil deng eosinophil ing pamaglaban kareng impeksiun da reng parasitiku, at ita ing malyaring kabaldugan nung darakal la reti. Deng eosinophil murin ing mag-domina neng makadanas yang allergy ing tau. Ing maralas diling sangkan ning eosinophilia ila pin deng asthma (mausang o sisigasig), hay fever, ampong hives, ampo deng impeksiun da reng parasitiku. Keraklan, bi-lobed (maki adua yang tela-balugbug) ing nucleus. Mitmu yang granule ing cytoplasm, a mikukulan ketang kuleng malare-dalandan nung nu la makikilala neng kukulayan dong eosin.  

### Basophil

Ing pekamaulaga dang papil deng basophil ya pin ing reaksiyon a allergic ampong antigen kapamilatan ning pamagpalual king kemikal a histamine, a sangkan ning pamangalbag (inflammation). Ing nucleus bilobed ya o trilobed (adua ya o atlu tela-balugbug) dapot masákit yang paintunan uling king karakal da reng mangagaspang a granule o binutil a tatakap kaniti.  
Makikilala la reti kareng mangaragul dang granule a kule iro (asul)

### Lymphocyte

Mas dakal la reng lymphocyte king lymphatic system. Makikilala la reti king nucleus a malalam kule neng makukulayan (stained) ya, at e makasentru pangabili iti king cytoplasm, a malati mu. Atlu lang uri deng lymphocyte:  
* Deng B cell: Gagawa lang antibody deng B cell; deting antibody, tataid la kareng mikrobius ba lang maliaring siran deti. (E la mu gagawang antibody deng B cell a tataid kareng mikrobius, nun e kaibat ning ataki da reti, ating B cells a makagawa pa muring antibody para kaniti, at iti magsilbi yang paralan ba yang tandanan iti.)
* Deng T cell:
** Deng CD4+ (helper) T cells panibalan de ing immune response o pakibat ning immune system, at maulaga la king pamaglaban kareng bacteria kilub ning cell.
** Deng CD8+ cytotoxic T cell agyu rong paten deng cell a miluban virus ampong  reng tumor cell. 
** Deng γδ T cell atin lang alternatibung T cell receptor, e anti kareng CD4+ and CD8+ αβ T cell, at kayawig do reng helper T cell, cytotoxic T cell ampong natural killer cell. 
* Deng Natural killer cell: Deng natural killer cell agyu deng paten deng cell ning katawan a sesenyas a paten da la, uling miluban la king virus o megi lang cancerous.

### Monocyte

Kalupa da reng neutrophil, magsilbi la antimong "vacuum cleaner" (kapamilatan ning phagocytosis) deng monocyte, oneng atin lang karagdagang papil: mgadala (present) lang kapirasu da reng mikrobius kareng T cell, ba rong akilalang pasibayu at paten deti, o ba yang makapanablas ing katawan kapamilatan da reng antibody. King lambatan, mamako lang king daralanan daya deng monocyte, at magi lang tissue macrophage a maglako kareng pira-pirasu da reng meteng cell ampong mikrobius. E anti kareng neutrophil, agyu dong alilan deng monocyte deng laman dang lysosome, at paniwalan dang mas maluat lang magagamit deti. Atin lang nucleus a maki tabas-batu (kidney-shaped), at keraklan ala lang binutil (agranulated). Dakal ing karelang cytoplasm.

### Macrophage

Kabud meko la king daralanan ning daya papunta king laman o tissues ning katawan, manaliwa la itsura deti (differentiate), ba lang arapat ing w:phagocytosis, at kanita mayayaus lang macrophage.

## Deng panulung panibatan ning leukopenia
Ating panulung makayapektu king bilang da ampong obra deng korpuskulos a maputi o leukocyte. Ing leukopenia ing pangabawas ning bilang da reng korpuskulos a maputi, a mamapektu king pangkabilugan a bilang da reng korpuskulos a deti, o king metung a partikular a uri da reng korpuskulos a maputi. Alimbawa, mayayaus neutropenia ing kabilian nung mababa la reng neutrophil, at lymphopenia naman nung deng lymphocyte ing meritak. Kayabe la kareng panulung magdalang leukopenia deng clozapine, metung a panulung w:antipsychotic a maki e karaniwan a epektung panibatan ning pangawala da ren ngang granulocyte (neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil). Maliari na la muring panibatan ning leukopenia deng panulu antimo deng immunosuppressive drug, anti ing sirolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus, ampo ing cyclosporine. Makanyan la murin deng interferon a magagamit king pamanulu king multiple sclerosis, antimo ing Rebif, Avonex, ampo ing Betaseron.   

## Deng leukocyte a makapirmi (e maglakbe)
Ating leukocyte a pupunta kareng tissue ning katawan at magpirmi na la mu karin, imbes na manatili la king daya. Keraklan, atin lang sariling lagyu deti dependi nung nu la tutuknang. Alimbawa, deng macrophage a makabili king ate mayayaus lang Kupffer cell. Atin la pa muring papil king immune system deng cell a reti. 
* Histiocytes
* Dendritic cells
* Mast cells
## Karagdagan a larawan

 Image:Illu blood cell lineage.jpg|Ing penibatan da reng miyayaliwang korpuskulos ning daya


## Lon la murin deti
* Leukoreduction
* Lymphadenitis
* Phagocytosis

## Pikuanan

## Suglung palual
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