Richard Wagner

I ** Wilhelm Richard Wagner** (22 May 1813, Leipzig, Germany - 13 February 1883, Venice, Italy), metung yang kompositor a compositor, conductor, teorista king musica, director ampong talasulat salese o esay, a mekilala keraklan kareng kayang opera,  (o :music drama, ing lagiung megamit karela kaibat), a Aleman. E anti kareng aliwang kompositor da reng opera, pareu nong sinulat Wagner deng scenario ampong libretto da reng kayang obra.

Kilala la reng obra nang Wagner, lalu na detang mas tauli, ketang misasalungat (contrapuntal) a salat (texture), masikan a w:chromaticism, pamitugma (harmony) ampong w:orchestration, ampong komplikadung pamangamit king leitmotif: deng tema king musikang makaugne kareng partikular a tauan, karinan o lugal, o elementu/dake ning balangkas ning kuentu (“plot elements). I Wagner ing menimuna kareng paniulung king amanu ning musika, anti ing mitmung (extreme) chromaticism ampong tonal center a biglang manaliwa, bageng matalik mekaimpluensia kng pamanalkus (development) ning musikang clasicu king Europa.

Binayu neng Wagner ing kaisipan tungkul king musika kapamilatan ning kayang idea ning *[[Gesamtkunstwerk]]* ("pangkabilugang kalalangan alit" o "total artwork"), ing pamibuklud-buklud da reng eganaganang alit (‘’arts’’) ning kawatasan o poesia, albayan (visual), tigtigan (musical) ampong lalagen (dramatic), a mirinan katuparan ketang mapia nang pamiyaliling (cycle) a *[[Der Ring des Nibelungen]]* (1876). Tinikdo neng Wagner ing sarili nang teatrong pang-opera ba lang mipalage deti nung makananu na lang apitsuran.

## Media

## Lon la murin deti
* List of compositions by Richard Wagner
* Gesamtkunstwerk
* Wagner tuba, a musical instrument commissioned by Wagner specially for *[[Der Ring des Nibelungen]]*.

## Notes

## Karagdagang babasan
* Borchmeyer, Dieter 2003, "Drama and the World of Richard Wagner", Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-11497-2
* Burbidge, Peter and Sutton, Richard(eds.) 1979, "The Wagner Companion", Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-29657-1
* Dahlhaus, C. (Mary Whitall trans.) 1979, *Richard Wagner's Music Dramas*, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-22397-3
* Dallas, Ian 1990, *The New Wagnerian*, Freiburg Books. ISBN 978-84-404-7475-9
* Gutman, Robert W. 1990, *Wagner - The Man, His Mind and His Music*, Harvest Books. ISBN 978-0-15-677615-8
* Lee, M. Owen 1998, *Wagner: The Terrible Man and His Truthful Art*, University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-4721-2
* Magee, Bryan 2001, *The Tristan Chord: Wagner and Philosophy*, Metropolitan Books. ISBN 978-0-8050-7189-4
* Magee, Bryan 1988, *Aspects of Wagner*, Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-284012-7 
* May, Thomas 2004, *Decoding Wagner*, Amadeus Press. ISBN 978-1-57467-097-4
* Millington, Barry (Ed.) (1992). The Wagner Compendium: A Guide to Wagner's Life and Music. Thames and Hudson Ltd., London. ISBN 0-02-871359-1
* Newman, Ernest 1933, *The Life of Richard Wagner*, 4 vols., - the classic biography, superseded by newer research but still full of many valuable insights. ISBN 978-0-685-14824-2
* Nicholson, Christopher 2007, "Richard and Adolf: Did Richard Wagner incite Adolf Hitler to commit the Holocaust?", Gefen Publishing House. ISBN 978-965-229-360-2
* Runciman, J.F. 1913, *Wagner*, Project Gutenberg edition. here.
* Salmi, Hannu 2005, *Wagner and Wagnerism in Nineteenth-Century Sweden, Finland, and the Baltic Provinces: Reception, Enthusiasm, Cult*, Eastman Studies in Music. University of Rochester Press. ISBN 978-1-58046-207-5
* Salmi, Hannu 2000, *Imagined Germany. Richard Wagner's National Utopia*, Peter Lang Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8204-4416-1
* Scruton, Roger 2003, *Death-Devoted Heart: Sex and the Sacred in Wagner's 'Tristan and Isolde*', Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516691-0 
* Shaw, George Bernard 1898, *The Perfect Wagnerite*
* Spencer, Stewart, *Wagner Remembered*,Faber and Faber, 2000. ISBN 978-0-571-19653-1
* Stone, M. 1997, *The Ring Disc: An Interactive Guide to Wagner's Ring Cycle*, Media Cafe. ISBN 978-0-9657357-0-4
* Tanner, M. 1995, *Wagner*, Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-10290-0
* Wagner, Cosima (Geoffrey Skelton trans.), *Diaries*, 2 vols. ISBN 978-0-15-122635-1
* Wagner, Richard (ed. and trans. Stewart Spencer and Barry Millington ), *Selected Letters of Richard Wagner*, Dent, 1987. ISBN 0-460-04643-8; W. W. Norton and Company, 1987. ISBN 978-0-393-02500-2
* Wagner, Richard (Andrew Gray trans.) 1992, *My Life*, Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-80481-6 - Wagner's often unreliable autobiography, covering his life to 1864, written between 1865 and 1880 and first published privately in German in a small edition between 1870 and 1880. The first (edited) public edition appeared in 1911. Gray's translation is the most comprehensive available.
* Wagner`s Ring Motifs, An Audio Guide. Translated by Stewart Spencer. Auricula, ISBN 978-3-936196-05-4

## Suglung palual

### Deng opera
*  Wagner Operas - site featuring photographs, video, MIDI files, scores, libretti, and commentary.
* RWagner.net . Contains libretti of Wagner's operas, with English translations.
* Richard Wagner Web Site . An assortment of articles on Wagner and his operas.
* Photo of Wagner's manuscript for the Bridal Chorus.

### Kasulatan
* The Wagner Library. English translations of Wagner's prose works, including some of Wagner's more notable essays.
* 
The complete English text in an earlier translation can be found online at Project Gutenberg 
* *My Life* at Project Gutenberg

### Pictures
* The Richard Wagner Postcard-Gallery. A gallery of historic postcards with motives from Richard Wagner's operas.
* 1869 Caricature of Richard Wagner by André Gill
* gallica.bnf.fr Pictures of Richard Wagner and his family.

### Deng piesa
* 
* www.kreusch-sheet-music.net - Free Scores by Wagner
* 
* 

### Aliwa pa
* The BBC Wagner profile
* Bayreuth Festival
* Richard Wagner: Zenith of German Romanticism 
* The National Archive of the Richard Wagner Foundation
* 'A Vulture is almost An Eagle' - the Jewishness of Richard Wagner 
* The humanities.music.composers.wagner FAQ.
* Richard Wagner Museum  in the  country manor Triebschen beside Lucerne, Switzerland where he and Cosima lived and worked from 1866 to 1872.
* ''Better to know'' by Edward Said, Le Monde diplomatique
*  The Wagner Tuba