Talibatab

Deng **talibatab**, mammal lang kayabe king  order a **Chiroptera**, nung nu ring pekagamat na megamit la 
bilang pakpak.  Kabang ating aliwang mammal, antimo reng flying squirrels o gliding phalanger, a makapag-glide kareng mangakuyad a 
distansya, den mung talibatab a maki kagiwan king tuneng pamanyulagpo.  Ibat 
ya king amanung Griego para king *Gamat a Pakpak* ing lagyung *Chiroptera*, 
uling kawangis ne ning gamat a makabusni itang pakpak a makaladlad, angga ketang 
pekabalat (membrane o patagium) king pilatan da reng taliri, a 
makayatyat murin king pilatan ning gamat ampo ning katawan.   
 
Lipat ning insektu ing kakanan da reng keraklan, o maragul a mayorya (manga 70%) 
da reng talibatab, ating maragul a dake da reng adwang suborder, deng 
Megachiroptera at Microchiroptera (lon ya king lalam), a mamangan kareng 
prutas at king karelang katas.  Ating atlung species a mamangan daya, dapot 
ating mamangan kareng vertebrate o animal a maki galudgud.  Kayabe la kareti 
deng Leaf-nosed bats (Phyllostomidae) ning Central at South America, ampo itang kamaganak dang pamilya da 
reng Noctilionidae (Bulldog bat) a mamangan asan.  Metung 
yang alimbawa ning metung a talibatab a mamangan laman ing Ghost Bat ning 
Australia – angga reng aliwang talibatab, kakanan na.  Maulaga lang 
:en:pollinator da reng sampaga kareng mangapaling lugal (tropics) deng mas 
mangalating species.  King kamatutwanan, halus lubus ing pamagdependi ra kareti 
deng tanaman a tropikal, e mu bilang pollinator, nun e angga king pamamangan 
kareng karelang bunga, a magsilbi ba lang mikalat deng karelang bini.  Uli 
na niti, aintindian tamu ing kapigaganakan king kapaligiran neng midadala ya 
king aliwang lugal ing metung a bayung talibatab.  Metung yang bayu-bayu at 
intresanting alimbawa kaniti ing Tenerife, maki tanaman at animal a karin mu 
mayayakit (a dakal kareti, deta pang mitatagan ibat ketang matwang kontinenti 
ning Gondwana.  King alimbawang iti, Egyptian Bat (Roussettus 
aegyptiacus) 1 ing 
bayung talibatab a yang sangkan nung bakit magigisan la ring tubung uri o 
species.         

## Klasipikasyun

Lipat ning mayayaus lang "flying rodents" o "flying mice" (dagis a susulagpo) 
deng talibatab, e la dagis (o rodent) deti.  Adwa la reng suborder da: 

# Megachiroptera (megabats o fruit bats)
# Microchiroptera (microbat, echolocating bat o talibatab a mamangan 
insektu)

Prutas, nectar o pollen ing kakanan da reng megabat, samantalang insektu, daya 
(ditak-ditak a daya da reng animal) mangalating mammal, at asin naman ing 
kakanan da reng microbat.  Mamasa la reti king  echolocation ba lang miras king pupuntalan da at bang manintun 
kareng animal a magsilbing pamangan da.

Ating katibayan a kontrobersyal dapot maki masikan a suporta para king teoryang 
mikakawaning linto ing pamanyulagpo kareng Megachiroptera ampo kareng 
Microchiroptera.  Nung tutu iti, e malino ing kuneksyun da kareng aliwang animal 
deng Microchiroptera.  Nung e dinan ulaga itang pamanyulagpo, maki kaugnayan la 
kareng primate deng Megachiroptera uling kareng mapilan a pamilupa king karelang 
katawan, a e ra kawangis deng Microchiroptera.  Nanupata, ating katibayan a 
genetic para king paniwalang metung la mu pipumpunan deng Megachiroptera ampo 
reng mapilan a Microchiroptera.  Ating pang katibayan para king Chiroptera 
diphyly microbat polyphyly.  Ing buri nang sabyan niti, adwa lang mikakawaning 
pipumpunan deng Chiroptera, at dakal lang myayaliwang pipumpunan deng microbat.  
Lilisya la king isyung iti deng keraklan kareng manigaral king grupu.  Tambing 
dong tuturing a metung la mu penibatan monophyly deng Chiroptera.

Ditak mu ing balu tamu nung makananu lang linto (ebolusyon) deng talibatab, 
uling keraklan e la maging fossil deng kalanse rang mangalati at malagwang 
masisira.  Nanupata, ating mekwang ipan ibat king tawli nang dake ning panaung 
Cretaceous king Mawling America (South America) a balamu king metung kareng 
mumunang talibatab a microchiropteran.  Ibat la king mumuna nang dake ning 
panaun a Eocene deng pekamatwang fossil a siguradung kareng talibatab, 
alimbawa, deng *Icaronycteris*, *Archaeonycteris*, *Palaeochiropteryx* at 
*Hassianycteris*, (manga limampulung milyun nang banwa ing milabas), dapot 
kalupa da no reng modernung microbat.  Ita namang *Archaeopteropus*, a sadya 
rang tuturing a ya kanung mumunang diling megachiropteran, sasabyan da ngening 
microchiropteran ya. 

Keraklan, gugrupu do reng talibatab kayabe da reng tree shrew (Scandentia), 
colugo (Dermoptera), ampo reng primate king superorder Archonta 
uling king pamiyawig da reng Megachiroptera ampo reng mammal a reti. 

***ORDER CHIROPTERA**
****Suborder [[Megachiroptera]] ([[megabat]]s)**
*** Pteropodidae
****Suborder [[Microchiroptera]] ([[microbat]]s)**
*** Superfamily *[[Emballonuroidea]]*
**** Emballonuridae (Sac-winged or Sheath-tailed bat)
*** Superfamily *[[Rhinopomatoidea]]*
**** Rhinopomatidae (Mouse-tailed bats)
**** Craseonycteridae (Bumblebee Bat or Kitti's Hog-nosed Bat)
*** Superfamily *Rhinolophoidea*
**** Rhinolophidae (Horseshoe bats)
**** Nycteridae (Hollow-faced or Slit-faced bats)
**** Megadermatidae (False vampires)
*** Superfamily *[[Vespertilionoidea]]*
**** Vespertilionidae (Vesper bats or Evening bats)
*** Superfamily *[[Molossoidea]]*
**** Molossidae (Free-tailed bats)
**** Antrozoidae (Pallid bats)
*** Superfamily *[[Nataloidea]]*
**** Natalidae (Funnel-eared bats)
**** Myzopodidae (Sucker-footed bats)
**** Thyropteridae (Disk-winged bats)
**** Furipteridae (Smoky bats)
*** Superfamily *[[Noctilionoidea]]*
**** Noctilionidae (Bulldog bats or Fisherman bats)
**** Mystacinidae (New Zealand short-tailed bats)
**** Mormoopidae (Ghost-faced or Moustached bats)
**** Phyllostomidae (Leaf-nosed bats) *This family contains (among 
others) the [[Vampire bat]]s*

Neng bengi o sisilim la makagising deng keraklan kareng microbat, anya e la 
makaing masala deng mata da reng keraklan kareng species da reng talibatab a 
reti.  Nanupata, masikan ing karelang pamamau ampong pamakiramdam (hearing).  
Apapaintun do reng talibatab deng animal a karelang darakpan ampo reng bageng 
malapit karela kapamilatan ning karelang mangatarling a gaga, nung nu ro 
pamakiramdam deng kablas (echo) da reti.

Kawangis do reng kareng :en:insectivore deng ipan d areng microbat.  
Mangataram la reti ba lang taglus king chitin a babalut kareng insektu, o 
king balat da reng prutas.

Kabang kareng uyat a vein (uyat a magdalang daya pabalik king pusu) la mu maki 
one-way valve (balbulang metung mu direksyun) deng aliwang mammal, bang e 
mamagus pabalik ing daya, atin la muring anti kaniti kareng uyat a artery (deng 
uyat a magdalang daya ibat king pusu). 

Mas ababaluktut la reng butul dang taliri deng talibatab kesa kareng aliwang 
animal.  Ing sangkan na niti, kulang la calcium at aliwa pang mineral king 
bandang sepu deng taliri da reng talibatab, anya mas malagwa karela ing 
mibaluktut a e mapapakli.  Pitpit ya rin imbes na pabilug (anti kareng tau) ing 
cross section (dake binangal) ning butul dang taliri, anya lalu yang malagwang 
ibaluktut.  Mas mayayatyat ya murin ing balat king membrane (telabalat) da reng 
karelang pakpak, anya mas ayayabit me kumpara kareng aliwang animal. 

Uling mas maimpis la pakpak kesa kareng ayup, mas malagwa la at eksaktung 
makakorba-korba deng talibatab kesa kareng ayup.

## Pamiparakal

Keraklan, tunggal la mu king pabanwa manganak deng gaindung talibatab.  
Keraklan, lalakwan do king pipanyesen deng anak neng e la sususu.  Nanupata, 
malyari lang tumaid king bulbul ning gaindu, at ituki ne neng mamako ya, dapot e 
maglwat at masyadu neng dagul para kaniti.  Magkasakit yang mangilik maygit king 
metung a anak ing metung a talibatab a maragul na, oneng keraklan, tunggal la mu 
reng mibabayit.  Agyu rong apaintun deng gaindung talibatab deng karelang ának 
agyang atyu la reti kareng kolonyang nung nu maki milyun-milyun a aliwa pang 
ának.  Atin lang adwang súsu deti king pilatan ning salu ampo reng pago.  Nung 
ala neng gatas itang inda ra, ikit dang agyang kareng aliwang gaindu sususu la 
reng ának a talibatab.  Bukud mung ing gaindu ing maningat kareng ának, at 
kabait da reti, ala nang kaugnayan ketang tata.          

Lipat ning amamana ing kagiwan a sulagpo, masyadu la pang mangalati reng pakpak 
da kabait da reng talibatab.  Agyu ra nang magsarili deng ának a microbat 
karas dang anam anggang walung duminggu, samantalang e malilyari iti kareng 
megabat anggang e la miraras apat a bulan.  Malyari nong mikayanak deng 
talibatab karas dang adwang banwa.  

## Kaugalyan at Pangimut

Myayaliwang uri ing pamakyabe da reng talibatab kareng kalupa ra.  Ating 
magdilidiling mabibye, kabang atin namang manuknangan kareng kweba o lukib nung 
nu maygit lang metung a milyun deng talibatab a manuknangan.

Mayayakit ya ing awsan dang fission-fusion social structure kareng pilang 
species da reng talibatab.  Itang “fusion” (pamisanib) mangabaldugan ya ketang 
metung a lugal nung nu la abe-abeng mamapund deng talibatab.  Ita namang 
“fission” o pamibangal, ing buri nang sabyan, itang pamibangal da at pamisamut 
deng mangalating grupu kapamilatan ning pamakilibeng piyapunan kareng aliwang 
talibatab, anya ing lulwal, miraras la reng talibatab kareng aliwang dutung, 
nung nu aliwa la murin deng magi rang kayabe.  

Agpang kareng pamagaral, myayaliwa lang klasing inge o gaga reng gagawan da reng 
talibatab ba lang misabi-sabi deti.  Ababalu da reng siyentistang makiramdam 
kareng talibatab nung nanung kimut ing gagawan da kaybat ning partikular a gaga 
o inge.  

## Deng Kalaban
Neng kayi, darakpan dong kulayu at w:falcon deng mangalating 
talibatab.  Ditak la mu reng animal a makapandakap talibatab.  King Asia, ating 
metung a ayup, a awsan dang :en:bat hawk, a partikular a makabage king 
pamandakap talibatab.  Kareng syudad o lugal a matau, deng pusa ing marlas 
mandakap kareti; darakpan do reng talibatab kabang palub la o palwal king 
piapunan, o king gabun.  Malyaring tuklu la king gabun deng talibatab neng 
mamangan la, o uling kareng aksidenti neng manigaral lang sulagpo.  

Deng parasitiku ilang marok dang diling kalaban deng talibatab.  Buri-buri 
rong pikwanan kanan da reng pulgas ampong apsang deng membrane o 
telabalat, a mitmung uyat a maki daya.  Ating grupu da reng insektung bukud mung 
daya da reng talibatab ing karelang kakanan, alimbawa ing bat fly.  Malagwa 
lang malis kareng bayung talibatab deng parasitiku kareng kweba nung nu la sigi-
sigî o mikakanlapit deti.    

Den sigurung tau ing makasirang dili kareng kalaban da reng talibatab.  
Katakutan do reng tau deti uling king arihiya o e ustung paniwala, o uling 
king rabies.  Maragul ing epektu kareng talibatab ning pangasira da reng 
karelang tutuknangan, ampo ing pangawala da reng pikukwanan dang pamangan, lalu 
na reng insektu.   

## Magdalang rabies

*Para karen ya mung lugal nung nu dakal a rabies ing makatuking usuk o abisu*

Kapitna mung porsyentu da reng talibatab ing magdalang rabies. Metung ne karin ing amanwan dang Parot-Kabag.  Nanupata, kareng 
ditak mung kasu ning rabies king America balang banwa, itang ket da reng 
talibatab ing sangkan kareng keraklan kareti.  Agyang ala lang rabies deng 
keraklan kareng talibatab, e la matulid kikimut detang maki rabies, anti lang 
ala king sarili deti, at e la makasulagpo, anya mas maragul ing pamitagun o 
posibilidad a atin lang asaganan a tau.  Lipat ning e dapat ing sobrang takut 
kareng talibatab, dapat lisyan ing pamanalan kareti, o itang paburen a atyu la 
reti kareng pibalebale, anti murin kareng aliwang animal a malyap (wild animal).  

Nung ating talibatab king metung a bale at e malyaring lisyan itang posibilidad 
a milapit kaniti, kaylangan yang ikawani iti, at tambing maus animal control 
officer, ba reng apanigaralan itang talibatab.  Makanyan murin nung meakit yang 
mete na itang talibatab.  Nung siguradung alang mekatagkil ketang talibatab, 
dapat yang ilako king bale.  Malyaring daptan iti kapamilatan ning pamanyara 
kareng eganaganang pasbul at awang papunta king kwartu, liban ketang papunta 
king kilwal.  E maglambat at mako ya itang talibatab.

Uli ning panganib ning rabies ampo reng prublema king pamikakatawan o kabulasan 
(health) uling king karelang guano, e la dapat pabureng miraras kareng dake 
rang tutuknangan deng bale deng talibatab.  Para king kumpletu at detalyadung 
impormasyun kareng myayaliwang aspetu ning pamanibala kareng talibatab, angga 
itang paralan nung makananu lang darakpan deti, nung nanu ing gawan nung ating 
mekatagkil kareti, at nung makananung lisyan ing pamanuknangan dareng talibatab 
king metung a balen, lon ya iti: 
the Centers for 
Disease Control's website on bats and rabies.

Malyari lang ituring a e dilikadu deng mangalating talibatab kareng lugal nung 
nukarin e makalat ing rabies.  Nanupata, masakít pa murin ing kinis da reng 
mangaragul a talibatab.  Kaylangang mingat kareti antimo kareng aliwang malyap a 
animal.

### Pikwanan
*Greenhall, Arthur H. 1961. *Bats in Agriculture*. A Ministry of Agriculture 
Publication. Trinidad and Tobago.
*Nowak, Ronald M. 1994. " Walker's BATS of the World". The John Hopikins 
University Press, Baltimore and London.


Sagradu ya king Tonga ampo king Albugang Africa ing talibtab, at keraklan, 
paniwalan dang tanda (manifestation) ne ning metung a kaladwa.  Maki 
kaugnayan la kareng vampira deng talibatab, a sasabyan dang malyaring malis 
itsura bang maging talibatab.  Sagisag da la murin da reng maglage, 
kamatayan at sakit.  Kareng aliwang katutubu ning America, antimo reng 
Creek, Cherokee at Apache, metung yang ispiritung 
mapagloku (trickster) ing talibatab.  Agpang naman king paniwala king China, 
metung yang sagisag ning makabang bye at saya ing talibatab.  Suwerti murin ing 
paglalawe ra kaniti king Poland at Macedonia, ampo kareng Kwakiutl 
at Arabu.     

King kultura ning Albugan (Western culture), mangabaldugan yang bengi (at deng 
bageng makatakut tungkul kaniti) ing talibatab.  Metung yang manimunang animal 
iting maki kaugnayan kareng tauan a pikudta (fictional character) ning bengi, 
kontrabida man kalupa nang Dracula, o bida antimo i Batman.  
Tinuring neng amun Kenneth Oppell ining pamiugnayan ning animal a iti king 
takut king bengi, at ginawa yang serye da reng nobela, manibat king 
*[[Silverwing]]*, nung nu la bida deng talibatab antimo reng kuneu king ]] 
*[[Watership Down]]*.  Agpang king metung a matwang paniwala, mibubuknul-
buknul la king bwak ning tau deng talibatab.  Mapalyaring ing penibatan ning 
paniwalang iti, itang malagad at e sassaryang pamanyunggab da kareng tau deng 
talibatab a mamangan insektu (uling lalapitan dong insektu deng tau), anya 
pamiwalan da reng taung gad maririring susubukan dang munta king bwak da deng 
talibatab.     

King Britania, poprotektan da no reng talibatab king lalam da ring Wildlife 
and Countryside Act.  Angga ita mung pamanistorbu king metung a talibatab o 
king kayang tuknangan, maki parusang mabayat a multa. 

King Austin, Texas ya ing tuknangan da neng kaleldo (summer home) ning 
maragul diling kolonya da reng talibatab king syudad, nung nu ating manuknangan 
a tatantyan dang metung at kapitnang milyung Mexican free-tailed bat.  
Tatantyan dang apulung libu (10,000) anggang atlung pulung libung (30,000) libra 
o pound da reng insektu ing kakanan da reti balang bengi.  Metung a ralan a 
libung (100,000) turista banwa-banwa ing daratang ba rong alben deti.

## Pikwanan
*John D. Pettigrew's summary on 
Flying Primate Hypothesis

## Lon la murin deti

*:en:European Bat Night
*:en:Bat bomb
*:en:Batman
*:en:Bat World Sanctuary
*Fictional bats

## Suglung a palwal

*United States Bat 
Rescue 
*Bat Conservation International website
*Bat World Sanctuary
*Texas Parks 
and Wildlife Bat Page   
*
University of Michigan Museum of Zoology 
*Tree of Life 
*Flying Fur 
*Seek My Bowl on bat as symbol. 
*Bats make up 20% of 
mammals
*The Bat Conservation Trust
*Adopt-a-Bat 
*Organization for Bat Conservation
*
Illustrated Identification key to the (micro)bats of Europe  (*see "Recent 
publications"*)