Aptas

Ing **Aptas** (*Internet*) metung yang pangyatung sistema da reng mituglung-tuglung a   computer networks a gagamit king standard Internet protocol suite (a maralas dang ausan  TCP/IP, dapot e deng eganagana gagamit king TCP) ba lang pagsilbian deng bilyun-bilyung talagamit king mabilug a yatu. Metung yang *network da reng network* a bibilugan da reng milyun-milyung pribadu, publiku/ pangmalda, pangpipagaralan o akademiku, pangnegosyu ampong pangkapamahalan a network, a maki saklong panglokal o pangyatu, a mituglung-tuglung kapamilatan ning maleparan a ayus da reng teknolohiyang elektroniku, alang-kawad (*wireless*) ampong  optical a teknolohiyang pang-network. Ing Aptas magdala yang maleparan a sukad o saklo da reng kasangkapan ampong serbisyu o kasuyuan, alimbawa deng tuglung-tuglung a dokumetu o kasulatan a hypertext ning World Wide Web (WWW) ampo ing information infrastructure a susuporta king e-mail.

Deng keraklan kareng tradisyunal a media, kayabe ya ing teleponu, musika, pelikula, ampong telebisyon alilan no balangkas o mibabayu la kapamlatan ning Aptas, at iti panibatan da reng bayung serbisyu antimo ing Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) ampong Internet Protocol Television (IPTV). Deng pahayagan o diariu, libru ampong aliwang limbagan makibage la kig teknolohiyang pang-Web site, o magi lang blogging ampong web feed. Gewa nong maliari o posibli ning Aptas deng bayung uri da reng pamiugnayan da reng tau kapamilatan na ning instant messaging, porum a pang-Aptas, ampong social networking. Meragul e me nanu ing pamanyali king Aptas (online shopping) kareng mangaragul a pipanyalwan ampo reng mangalating artisan ampong negosyanti. Deng serbisyung pangpisalapyan ampong ugnayan da reng negosyu king Aptas makayapektu la kareng supply chain a sasaklo kareng kabilugan da reng industria.

Miraras ing pamagmula o umpisa ning Aptas king dekada ning 1960, nung kapilan pepatikdo ne ning kapamahalan ning Estados Unidos kasaup la reng grupung pribadu ampong pang-negosyu bang gawang masikan a computer network a magpaintulut-pamagkamali ampong  pirakeng computer network (*robust, fault-tolerant, and distributed computer networks*) . Ing pamagpondu ning metung a bayung Galudgud-Aptas (*Internet backbone*) ning National Science Foundation anyang dekadang 1980, ampo ing pribadung pamagpondu kareng aliwang galudgud a pangnegosyu, migdala king pangyatung pamakkyabe king pamanalkus (*development*) da reng teknolohiyang pang-networking, ampo ing pamiugne da reng dakal a network. Uli ning komersyalisasyun ning metung a ugnayang pangyatu na anyang dekadang 1990 (*international network*), migbunga king kayang pangasikat ampong pamaglub king alus balang aspetung ning makabayung bie ning tau.    Anyang 2011, maigit na king 2.2 bilyung tau – alus metung a katlu ning populasyun ning yatu  — ing gagamit kareng serbisyu ning Aptas.

Ala yang sentral a pamanibala ing Aptas king pamagpalyari na man ning teknolohiya o kareng patakaran ning pamanabut ampong pamangamit (*access and usage*); ing balang network atin yang sariling standard. Bukud mung deng makasaklong kabaldugan (*overreaching definitions*) da reng adwang manimunang name space king Aptas, ing espasyung Internet Protocol address ampo ing Domain Name System, panibalan na la ning organisasyun a magmantini, ing Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). Ing teknikal a pangabalangkas The (*technical underpinning*) ampong standardization da reng sistemang pangbusal of the (*core protocols*) a (IPv4 ampong IPv6) obra ne ning Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), metung a aguman a e magtubu (*non-profit organization*) da reng malubak pamiugneng kayanib nung nu ya malyaring makiugnayan ing ninuman kapamilatan ning pamanambag kabiasnan a teknikal   (*technical expertise*) .

## Lon la murin

*Outline of the Internet
*Index of Internet-related articles

## Ding daleráyan

## Ding suglung palual

### Aguman
*The Internet Society
*Social network online chat with idols
*Berkman Center for Internet and Society
*European
Commission Information Society
* Living Internet, Internet history
and related information, including information from many creators of
the Internet

### Artikulu, libru ampong pahayagan
*''First Monday'', a peer-reviewed
journal on the Internet established in 1996 as a Great Cities
Initiative of the University Library of the University of Illinois
at Chicago, ISSN: 1396-0466
*[of the Network Society''](http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-1405196866.html
''Rise) , Manual Castells, Wiley-Blackwell,
1996 (1st ed) and 2009 (2nd ed), ISBN 978-1-4051-9686-4
*"The
Internet: Changing the Way We Communicate"  in
''America's
Investment in the Future'', National Science Foundation,
Arlington, Va. USA, 2000
*[from the History of the Internet”](http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/Sociology/EnvironmentTechnology/?view=usa&ci=9780199255771
“Lessons), Manuel Castells, in *The
Internet Galaxy*, Ch. 1, pp 9–35, Oxford University Press, 2001, ISBN
978-0-19-925577-1 ISBN10: 0-19-925577-6
*"Media Freedom Internet Cookbook" by
the OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media Vienna, 2004
*''The
Internet Explained'', Vincent Zegna & Mike Pepper, Sonet Digital,
November 2005, Pages 1 - 7.
*[Much Does The Internet Weigh?](http://discovermagazine.com/2007/jun/how-much-does-the-internet-weigh
"How)", by Stephen Cass, ''Discover'', 2007
*[Internet spreads its tentacles"](http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1200/is_25_171/ai_n19448170/
"The), Julie Rehmeyer, *Science
News*, Vol. 171, No. 25, pp.&nbsp;387–388, 23 June 2007
*''Internet'',
Lorenzo Cantoni & Stefano Tardini, Routledge, 2006, ISBN
978-0-203-69888-4