Hernán Cortés

I **Hernán Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro, 1st Marqués del Valle de Oaxaca** (1485–December 2, 1547) metung yang *[[conquistador]]* ibat Espania a migumpia king pamaniakup king Imperiung Aztec para kang Charles V,  ari ning Castilla ampong Holy Roman Emperor, aniang umpisa ning kalabing anam a siglu o dilanua. Kayabe ya i Cortés king dai o henerasiun da areng talasakup a Castilang migumpis king mumuna nang dake ning pamaniakup da king Americas deng Castila.   
   
Mibait ya king Medellín, Extremadura, king Castilla, king metung a pamiliang ibat kareng mababang ranggung mapia (*lesser nobility*), at pinili nang manintunan king Bayung Yatu (*New World*). Minta ya king Hispaniola at kaibat king Cuba, nung nu ya mekatanggap *[[encomienda]]*, at sinaguli yang meging alcalde (mayor) ning metung a malating balen. Aniang 1519, mepili yang capitan ning katlung pamaglakbe (expedition) king kalibutnan a labuad (mainland), metung a pamaglakbe nung nu metung ya kareng migpondu. Uli ning pamipate na king gobernador ning Cuba, i Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar, a yang meging sangkan ning pamagkansela king pamaglakbe, bageng e na síkasung Cortés. Karas na king kontinenti, pepaliari neng Cortés ing metung a matagumpeng pamamaralan o taktika nign pamakikampi kareng aliwang tubung lahi laban kareng aliwa. Aniang migparala yang tubud ing Gobernador ning Cuba ba neng parakap i Cortés, lebanan na la at simbut, kapamilatan da reng karagdagang sundalus antimong pandagdag king kayang puersa. Sinulat yang diretsu king ari i Cortés ba lang makilala deng kayang tagumpe lipat ning miparusan uli ning pamagalsa (mutiny). Kaibat neng pepabagsak ing imperiung Aztec, pigkalubanan deng bansag a *Marqués del Valle de [[Oaxaca]]* i Cortés, kabang mibie ne man king matas a ranggung mapia, i Antonio de Mendoza, ing mas prestihiyosung bansag a Virrey o Viceroy. Mibalik ya king Espania i Cortés aniang 1541, nung nu ya meteng payapa dapot maki sukal a lub.  
   
Uling kareng kontrobersial a dapát nang Cortés ampo ing kakulangan kareng apagtiwalan a pikuanan impormasiun tungkul kaya, e malaguang sumabing bageng siguradu o malino tungkul king kayang pangatau o kapagnasan (motivation). Uling pamurian do aniang minuna deng conquistador, e re pekasuri ing tungkul kang Cortés. Aniang belikan da kaibat ing karelang ugali king kontekstu ning makabayung panamdam laban king kolonialismu ampo ing misnang meragul a pamangalang king katulirang pantau (human rights), alimbawa ketang w:Black Legend (Leyenda Negra o Matuling a Alamat, e murin miragdagan ing beluan tamu tungkul kang Cortés anting metung a tau o indibidual. Uling kareng pamagbayung deti king pamanigaral king amlat, masiadu lang simpli deng pamaglarawan kang Cortés, at papalto reng masiadung marok o masiadung mayap.     

## Dalerayan

### Primary sources
* Hernán Cortés, *Letters* – available as *Letters from Mexico* translated by Anthony Pagden (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986.) ISBN 0-300-09094-3
* Francisco López de Gómara, *Hispania Victrix; First and Second Parts of the General History of the Indies, with the whole discovery and notable things that have happened since they were acquired until the year 1551, with the conquest of Mexico and New Spain* Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1966. 
* Bernal Díaz del Castillo, *The Conquest of New Spain* – available as *The Discovery and Conquest of Mexico: 1517-1521* ISBN 0-306-81319-X
*  
* *History of the Conquest of Mexico, with a Preliminary View of Ancient Mexican Civilization, and the Life of the Conqueror, Hernando Cortes* By William H. Prescott http://etext.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/PreConq.html
* *Last Will and Testament of Hernán Cortés* http://members.tripod.com/~GaryFelix/HCwill.htm

### Secondary sources
* *Conquest: Cortés, Montezuma, and the Fall of Old Mexico* by Hugh Thomas (1993) ISBN 0-671-51104-1
* *Cortés and the Downfall of the Aztec Empire* by Jon Manchip White (1971) ISBN 0-7867-0271-0
* *History of the Conquest of Mexico. * by William H. Prescott ISBN 0-375-75803-8
* *The Rain God cries over Mexico* by László Passuth
* *Seven Myths of the Spanish Conquest* by Matthew Restall, Oxford University Press (2003) ISBN  	0195160770
* *The Conquest of America* by Tzvetan Todorov (1996) ISBN 0-06-132095-1
* *Hernando Cortés* by Fisher, M. & Richardson K. 
* *Hernando Cortés* Crossroads Resource Online.
* *Hernando Cortés* by Jacobs, W.J., New York, N.Y.:Franklin Watts, Inc. 1974.
* *The World’s Greatest Explorers: Hernando Cortés*. Chicago, by Stein, R.C., Illinois: Chicago Press Inc. 1991.
* ''Genealogy of Hernán Cortés''
* ''Genealogy of Hernán Cortés''
* ''Origin of the Surname Cortés'' 
* *Myth and Reality: The Legacy of Spain in America* by  Jesus J. Chao. Culture/Society Opinion. February 12, 1992.  The Institute of Hispanic Culture of Houston
* Leon­Portilla, Miguel, ed., *The Broken Spears: The Aztec Account of the Conquest of Mexico*. Boston: Beacon Press, 1962.

## Lon la murin deti
* History of Mexico
* Quetzalcoatl
* Spanish Conquest of Mexico
* Siege of Tenochtitlan
* Cortez the Killer a song by Neil Young about him.
* Barbary pirates
* Ottoman-Habsburg wars

## External links

* Biography of Hernán Cortés
* The change of Hernán Cortés' self-image by means of the conquest 
* Hernando Cortes on the Web – web directory with thumbnail galleries
* Conquistadors, with Michael Wood – website for 2001 PBS documentary
* Ibero-American Electronic Text Series presented online by the University of Wisconsin Digital Collections Center.
* Hernan Cortes - The Conquistador of the Aztecs; Informational Link Blog about the History of Cortes, the Aztecs along with a variety of sources, pictures and educational resources.
* Latin American studies center, material on Cortés
* *Fernand Cortez*, opera by Gaspare Spontini, Jean-Paul Penin http://www.multimania.com/fcortez