open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ebus

Ing ***ebus***, (*Corypha umbraculifera* L.),  *talipot palm* king Ingles, metung yang species ning palmang katutubu king mauling India (Malabar Coast) ampong Sri Lanka.

Metung ya kareng maragul diling palma king yatu; ating tanaman a miraras king 25&nbsp;m, at deng karelang pun, miraras lang anggang 1.3&nbsp;m king kapal. Metung yang fan palm (Arecaceae tribu Corypheae), a maki bulung a mangaragul a at mala-palmang palmate miraras 5&nbsp;m king kapal, a maki  petiole a miraras 4 m, at maki anggang 130 a bulung-bulungan (*leaflet*). 

Pekamaragul ya kumpul da reng sampaga king sanumang tanaman ing ebus, a maki kabang 6-8 m, a maki metung anggang pilang milyung mangalating sampaga, a makabili king tangkeng maki sangang lalto king babo ning pun (ing titan arum, *[[Amorphophallus titanum]]*, king familia Araceae, maki maragul yang diling kumpul da reng sampagang e magsanga, anti ing species a *[[Rafflesia arnoldii]]* ing maki pekamaragul a magdiliding sampaga). Monocarpic, ya ing ebus, misan ya mu manyampaga, potang maki edad yang 30 anggang 80 banua. Kailangan ning prutas o bungang pabanua ba yang lulut, at ing tanaman mikaka libu-libu yang bungang mabilug ampong maki kuleng dilo-aluntyan a 3-4&nbsp;cm king dagul, at maki tunggal lang butul o binî. Mamamate ya ing tanaman kaybat nang memunga.  

## Dalerayan

* 
*PACSOA: ''Corypha umbraculifera'' 
*FAO reports: tropical palms, palm products , palms with development potential
Pugung katipo

Ing **pugung katipo** (*Turnix suscitator*) metung yang ayup a kayabe king metung a malating familiang kawangis da, oneng e ro kamaganak, deng tutung pugu. Ing species a iti mayayakit ya manibat king India angga king malisangan o tripical a Asia angga king mauling China, Indonesia ampo king Filipinas.

## Dalerayan

* *Birds of India* by Grimmett, Inskipp and Inskipp, ISBN 0-691-04910-6

## Suglung palwal
* BirdLife Species Factsheet
* Barred Buttonquail videos, photos & sounds on the Internet Bird Collection
Wissam al-Hassan

I **Wissam Adnan al-Hassan** ( *Wissām ‘Adnān al-Ḥassan*; 11 Abril 1965&nbsp;– 19 Octubre 2012) metung yang brigadier general king Lebanese Internal Security Forces (ISF) ampong pekapun ning Information Branch. Lalon de antimong manimunang personalidad a Sunni king Lebanon, at metung yang manimunang kayanib king oposisyun a alang pwestung pampulitika.

## Lon la murin
* Lebanese–Syrian Security Apparatus
* 2011–2012 conflict in Lebanon
* Future Movement
* March 14 alliance

## Dalerayan
Lu Xun

I **Lu Xun** () o kaya **Lu Hsün** (Wade-Giles), iti ing talipampan lagiu ng **Zhou Shuren** () (Septiembri 25, 1881 &ndash; Octubri 19, 1936), a talasulat a Isik ning pang20 dilanua.  Mabibilang ya kareng dakal bilang manimunung aske ning makabayung literaturang pangIsik, a sinulat na king  *[[baihua]]* (白話) (keng katutubung amanu) at makanian mu rin keng classicong Isik. I Lu Xun metung yang talasulat a makuyad a salita, editor, talalikas amanu, criticu, talasanese ampong watas. Iniang 1930s meging yang pamuntuk pangtitular na ning Liga da reng Maka-Kailing Talasulat (League of the Left-Wing Writers) king Shanghai.

## Dagdag pamamasa
* *Chinese Writers on Writing* featuring Lu Xun. Ed. Arthur Sze. (Trinity University Press, 2010).

## Notes

## Suglung Palual

* Lu Xun and other historical figures 
* Special Issue about Lu Xun  at web.bureau.tohoku.ac.jp
* Lu Xun bibliography at mclc.osu.edu
* Pioneer of Modern Chinese Literature at www.coldbacon.com
* Lu Xun webpage 
* Selected works by Lu Xun  
* A Brief Biography of Lu Xun with Many Pictures 
*Lu Xun and Japan
*An Introduction to Lu Xun and his Stories 

### Milikas
* Kong Yi Ji, Lu Hsun  translated by SparklingEgnlish
* Reference Archive: Lu Xun (Lu Hsun) at www.marxists.org
* Selected Stories, Lu Hsun (1918-1926) at www.coldbacon.com
* ''An Outsider's Chats about Written Language'', a long essay by Lu Xun on the difficulties of Chinese characters
*The Lyrical Lu Xun: a Study of his Classical-style Verse—a book by Jon Eugene von Kowallis (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1996) -- includes a complete introduction to Lu Xun's poetry in the classical style, with Chinese characters, literal and verse translations, and a biographical introduction which summarizes his life in relation to his poetry.
* The Real Story of Ah-Q and Other Tales of China: The Complete Fiction of Lu Xun. Trans. Julia Lovell. London: Penguin, 2009
* Capturing Chinese Short Stories from Lu Xun's Nahan  Edited by Kevin Nadolny (Capturing Chinese Publications, 2009) -- includes short summaries to Lu Xun's stories, the Chinese text in simplified characters, pinyin, and definitions for difficult vocabulary.
Ian Fleming

I **Ian Lancaster Fleming** (28 Mayo 1908&nbsp;– 12 Agosto 1964) metung yang Ingles a talasulat, peryodista ampong naval intelligence officer, a kilalang dili ketang kayang serie da reng nobelang ispiyang James Bond. series of spy novels. Ibat ya i Fleming king makwaltang pamilyang maki kaugnayan king bangkung pangkomersyung (*merchant bank*) Robert Fleming & Co., at Myembru ne ning Parlamento i tata nang pekakatawan ning Henley manibat 1910 angga king kayang kamatayan king  Western Front anyang 1917. Megaral ya king Eton, Sandhurst ampo deng unibersidad ning Munich ampong Geneva, i Fleming, a dinalan kareng mapilang obra bayu ya migumpisang sumulat.

Kabang magobra ya king 
British naval intelligence anyang Kadwang Gerang Pangyatu, miugne ya i Fleming king pamagplanu ning Operation Mincemeat ampo ning Operation Golden Eye. Miugne ya mu naman king pamagplanu ampong pamaglawe He was also involved in the planning and (*oversight*) da reng adwang *intelligence unit*, ing 30 Assault Unit ampo ing T-Force. Ibat king kayang serbisyu ampo karera antimong peryodista ing minye "kagulutan" ("background"), detalye ampong lalam kareng nobelang James Bond.

Sinulat neng Fleming ing mumuna nang nobela, ing *[[Casino Royale (nobela)|Casino Royale]]*, anyang 1952.  Metung yang tagumpe, a mekatatlu milimbag It was a success, with (*three print runs*) a mekumisyun bang pakibatan ing pamangaylangan kaniti. Labi lang metung deng nobela ampong koleksyon da reng makuyad a salitang  being commissioned to cope with the demand.  Eleven Bond novels and two (*short-story collections*) tinuki kaniti, pilatan ning 1953 ampong 1966. Dudurut la reng nobela kang James Bond, metung a opisyal king Secret Intelligence Service, a keraklan awsan dang MI6. Mayayaus ya mu naman i Bond king kayang code number a 007, at commander ya king Royal Naval Reserve.  Kayabe la reng kuwentung Bond kareng pekamasaling librung piksyon king kabilugan ning panaun, uling misali no reng 100&nbsp;milyung kopya king mabilug a yatu.  Sinulat ne mu namang Fleming ing kuwentung pang-anák a *[[Chitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang (nobela)|Chitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang]]* ampong adwang obra ning e piksyon and two works of (*non-fiction*). Anyang 2008, binili ne ning *[[The Times]]* i Fleming king ranggung ka-labing apat (*fourteenth*) king kayang listaan da reng   "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945" (limampulung mapyang diling talasulat a Britaniko manibat anyang 1945).

Asawa ne i Ann Charteris, a midiborsyu king kadwang Viscount Rothermere uli ning kayang pamakiugnayan kang Fleming. Atin lang anak di Fleming ampong Charteris, i Caspar. Matalik yang sindi ampong minum i Fleming, a maki sakit king pusu; mete ya anyang 1964 king idad a 56, king ataki king pusu. Adwa la reng librung James Bond a milimbag kaybat nang mete, at bukud kaniti, lima lang aliwa pang talasulat deng ginawang nobelang Bond. Adwang pulu't apat neng ukdu o besis mipalage kareng pelikula ing tauan nang Fleming, at pitu lang artista deng linage kaniti. 

## Suglung palwal

* Ian Fleming Official website of Ian Fleming & Ian Fleming Publications Limited.
* 
* 
*
William S. Baring-Gould

I **William Stuart Baring-Gould** (1913&ndash;1967) metung yang gagalangan a iskolar tungkul kang  Sherlock Holmes, a pikabalwan dili antimong talasulat ning maimpluwensiyang talambyeng piksyon a misulat kanitang 1962, ing *Sherlock Holmes of Baker Street: A life of the world's first consulting detective*.

## Pekamaulagang obra
* *The Chronological Holmes*, 1955 (with revisions from an earlier edition that appeared in the Baker Street Journal in 1948)
* *Sherlock Holmes of Baker Street*, 1962
* *The Annotated Sherlock Holmes*, 1967
* *Nero Wolfe of West Thirty-Fifth Street*, 1969
* *The Lure of the Limerick*, Panther Books, London, 1968

## Dalerayan
Siraj ud-Daulah

I **Mirza Muhammad Siraj ud-Daulah** (, Bengali: **নবাব সিরাজদৌল্লা**), a mas maralas dang awsang *Siraj ud-Daulah* (1733 &ndash; Julio 2, 1757), ing tawling timawang Nawab ning Bengal. Ing wakas ning kayang pamanungkulan ing meging umpisa ning pamanibala ning British East India Company king Bengal, at kaybat, king alus mabilug a Mauling Asia. Neng kayi, awsan deng  "*Sir Roger Dowler*" o "*Sir Roger Dowlah*" deng mapilan kareng kapanaun nang Britaniko o  British, at "*Sau Raja Dowla*" agpang kang John Holwell. Nanupata, deng aus a reti, kayabe ne ing "*Sepoy*", sikwil do reng talasulat a mas tawli at keylyan.

## Lon la murin
*Nawabs of Bengal
*List of rulers of Bengal
*History of Bengal
*History of Bangladesh
*History of India

## Notes
*  *Riyazu-s-salatin, A History of Bengal* - a reference to Siraj-Ud-Daul's character may be found
*  *The Seir Mutaqherin*, Vol 2 - a discussion of Sirj-Ud-Daulah's character

## Dalerayan

*Akhsaykumar Moitrayo, Sirajuddaula, Calcutta 1898
*BK Gupta, Sirajuddaulah and the East India Company, 1756–57, Leiden, 1962
*Kalikankar Datta, Sirajuddaulah, Calcutta 1971

## Suglung palwal
* Siraj-ud-daulah at Banglapedia 
* Biography in Short 
* A Poem on Siraj
* Murshidabad-the Capital of Bengal during the Nawabs 
* "Riyazu-s-salatin", A History of Bengal, Ghulam Husain Salim (translated from the Persian): viewable online at the Packard Humanities Institute
* "Seir Mutaquerin" , Ghulam Husain Tatabai (translated from the Persian): viewable online at the Packard Humanities Institute
*Siraj in Murshidabad
*   Website dedicated to Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah
Emperador Wu ning Han

Ing **Emperador Wu ning Han** (; 156–87 BC), taganang lagiu **Liu Che** (劉徹), iya ing pang pitung emperador na ning Han Dynasty ning Tsina, menungkulan manibat 141 BC anggang 87 BC. I Emperor Wu mayayalala ya bilang kareng mangalapad nang asakup a gabun iniang yang manungkulan, at makanian mu rin keng masikan ampong makapalibutad  Confucian state a kayang tetag, keng amlat Isik bilang pekamasikan a emperador na ning Han dynasty ampong metung kareng pekamasikan a emperador agpang keng amlat ning Tsina. King kapamilatan ng Emperador Wung masusing pamangubiernu ing Han Dynasty meging yang metung kareng pekamasikan mabilug a yatu.

## Dalerayan
Mani

Ing **mani** (***Arachis hypogaea***) metung yang species king familiang legume o "kamangyang" familia (Fabaceae). Mapalyaring minuna yang mitanam ing mani kareng lambak ning Paraguay. Metung yang banwahan (*annual*) a tanaman a yerba a miraras  kátas. Misusumangid (*opposite*) la reng bulung, a malapakpak (*pinnate*) a maki apat a bulung-bulungan (*leaflets*) (adwang misusumangid a pari, ala king sepu), at ing balang bulung-bulungan maki kabang 1 anggang 7&nbsp;cm (⅜ to 2¾ in) ampong 1 anggang 3&nbsp;cm (⅜ anggang 1&nbsp;pulgada) pulgada king lapad.

## Lon la murin

* African Groundnut Council
* BBCH-scale (peanut)
* Beer Nuts
* List of edible seeds
* Universal Nut Sheller


Peanut oil bottle.jpg|
PeanutButter.jpg
Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) - in shell, shell cracked open, shelled, peeled.jpg|
Dragee_"Арахис_в_шоколаде"_02.jpg|


## Footnotes

## Suglung palwal

* Groundnut (peanut)  from the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics
* Peanut Program  from Citizens Against Government Waste
* World Geography of the Peanut  (2006) from the University of Georgia
* Peanut (Alternative Field Crops Manual, 1991) by D.H. Putnam & E.S. Oplinger, from the Center for Alternative Plant and Animal Products, University of Minnesota
* New World Foods, Old World Diet  (1992) by Paul Lunde, from *[[Saudi Aramco World]]*
Salé

Ing **salé** (*Cymbopogon citratus* (DC.) Stapf), a **lemon grass** o **oil grass** king Ingles ampong *tanglad* king Tagalug, metung yang tanaman kareng lugal a mapali o is a *tropical* ibat king Mauli-aslagang Asia (*Southeast Asia*). 

## Gamit king pamaglutu
King Filipinas, gagamitan de ing sale king pamaglutu, lalu na king *[[lechon]]* ampong ningnang a manuk.

## Dalerayan

## Suglung palwal
*''Cymbopogon citratus'' List of Chemicals (Dr. Duke's) 
*''Cymbopogon citratus''from the Biodiversity Heritage Library
Mutâ

Ing **mutâ** (*Cyperus rotundus*), a mayayaus *coco-grass*, *purple nut sedge* o *red nut sedge*, king Ingles metung yang species ning sedge (Cyperaceae) a katutubu king Africa, mauli ampong kalibudtang Europa (bandang pangulu king Pransiya ampong Austria), ampong mauling Asia. 

Metung yang tanamang pilmihan (*perennial*) ing mutâ, a miraras king kátas a anggang 140&nbsp;cm (55&nbsp;pulgada). 

Anti kareng aliwang kayabe king familia Cyperaceae, mányuli la reng bulung kareng daneng titlu (*in ranks of three*) manibat king pun o lalam ning tanaman, manga 5–20&nbsp;cm a kaba. Trianggulu ya ing dakeng  cross-section ning tangke ning sampaga. Bisexual (maki dakeng lalaki ampong babali) ing sampaga, a maki atlung stamen ampong carpel a maki atlung stigma. Maki atlu yang anggulung achene ing bunga o prutas.

Keng purmeru, manalkus ya o magpormang maputi ampong malaman a rhizome ing pamibalangkas da reng yamut ning tanaman, a miras 25&nbsp;mm king dagul, a pakakadena. Tutubu lang patas deng aliwang rhizome, kaybat, manalkus lang mala-bombilyang istruktura nung nu la tutubu deng bayung suli ampong yamut, at manibat kareng yamut, tutubu la reng bayung rhizome. Deng aliwang rhizome tutubu lang pakera s grow (*horizontally*) o pababa, at manalkus lang maralumdum a malutu-lutung komangging (*dark reddish-brown*) tuber, o kadena o tuglung-tuglung a tuber o lamang-gabun.    

Malangi ing buri nang gabun, oneng malyari ya kareng mamasa-masang gabun, at tutubu ya kareng asikan ampong masukal o mengapaburen a gabun (*wastelands*).

## Dalerayan

## Suglung palwal

*Flora Europaea: ''Cyperus rotundus'' 
*Germplasm Resources Information Network: ''Cyperus rotundus''
*USDA Plants Profile: ''Cyperus rotundus'' 
*USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service: ''Cyperus rotundus''  (pdf file)
*Use in Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine
*A Tel-Aviv University study mentioning its nutritional importance for migrating birds  (in Hebrew)
* Contains a detailed monograph on *Cyperus rotundus* (Musta; Mustaka) as well as a discussion of health benefits and usage in clinical practice. Available online at http://www.toddcaldecott.com/index.php/herbs/learning-herbs/310-musta
Uladulad

Ing **uladulad** (*Heliotropium indicum*), a ausan dang *Indian heliotrope* king Ingles, metung yang tanaman a banwahan  is an (*annual*) mabwak (*hirsute*) a maralas akakit a dikut kareng lugal a masukal o tutuknangan dang tau plant that is a common weed in waste places and (*settled*) . Katutubu ya king Asia.

## Karaniwang lagyu

*Indian heliotrope (English)
*Indian turnsole (English)
*Erysipela plant  (English)
*Bigotitos (Spanish)
*Trompa elefante (Spanish)
*Lengua de Sapo  (Spanish)
*Elepante  (Cebuano)
*Kambra-kambra  (Cebuano)
*Buntot-leon (Tagalog)
*Trompa ng elepante (Tagalog)
*Kuting-kutingan  (Tagalog)
*Pengñga-pengñga  (Ilocano)
*Uladulad (Kapampangan)
*Vòi voi (Vietnamese)
*Siriyari (सिरियारी/سریاری) or Hathsura (हथसुरा/ہتھسرا) (Hindi and Urdu)
*Hatisur (BENGALI)
*Thel kodukku (Tamil)
*Chelukondi Gida (Kannada)

## Dalerayan
Bawebawe

Ing **bawébáwe** (*Quisqualis indica*), a mayayáus *Chinese honeysuckle* ampong  *Rangoon Creeper* king Ingles ampong *niyog-niyogan* king Tagalug, métung yang baging a maki malútung sampágang pákakumpul, at mayayákit ya king Asia. Mayayákit ya múrin karéng dakal a dáke ning yátu antimóng tanáman a pampasanting (*ornamental*) o kabúd né mu tútúbû. Déng 
áliwang lagyú ning tanáman, ila pin déng quiscual (Castila), madhu malti or madhumalti ( Hindi), akar dani (Malay) ampóng radha manoharam (Telugu). Ing lagyú ning genus,  Latin ya para king *Nánu ya yan?*.

## Dalerayan

* QUISQUALIS INDICA Linn
* niyog-niyogan.doc 
* Quisqualis indica (PIER species info) 
Magamitan la reng butul para king pamanulu kareng bulati king atsan (Roundworm ampong Pinworm). Makalasun ya king bulati at papaten na la king bituka.

## Suglung palwal
*  Madhumalati (''Quisqualis indica'')
Baugin

Ing **baugin** (*Bambusa blumeana*), a mayayaus *bayog* king Tagalug, metung yang species ning kwayan a mayayakit king  Tropical Asia. ]].

## Dalerayan
Isip (pun dutung)

Ing **isip** (*Antidesma bunius*) metung yang species ning pun dutung a mamunga  (*fruit tree*) king familia Phyllanthaceae. Katutubu ya king Mauli-aslagang Asia ampong pangulung  Australia. Ausan deng *bignay* king Tagalug ampong *Chinese-laurel*, *Herbert River-cherry*, *Queensland-cherry*, *salamander-tree*, *wild cherry*, ampong  *currant tree* king Ingles. Metung yang tanaman a aliwa-liwa itsura (*variable plant*) a malyaring mababa ampong mala-palungpung (*shrubby*) o matas ampong matulid, a miraras 30 metru king kátas. Atin yang mangaragul a bulung a tabas tulungkaba (*oval shaped*) a *evergreen* (e mababaldug) at maki kabang  anggang 20 cm ampong 7 cm king lapad. Makatuglung la reti kareng sanga ning pun dutung a maki mangakuyad a petiole, at gagawa lang makapal ampong masalilung a takap. 

Ating lalaki ampong babaing tanaman, at tutubu la kareng mikakawaning tanaman deng lalaki ampong babaing tanaman. Masikan la ampong e makaing masanting a bau deng sampaga. Makaayus la kareng mangalating kumpul deng lalaking (staminate) a sampaga, kabang deng babai o  pistillate a sampaga tutubu la kareng mangakabang raceme a potang kayi máging mangakabang sangang maki bunga. Mangabilug la reng bunga, a kulang king metung a sentimetru king lapad, a pakasabit tunggal tunggal o paris-paris kareng mangakaba ampong mangabayat a piling. Maputi la neng bubut la, at bagya-bagya lang maging malutu at kaybat, matuling.

E la agnan-agnan lululut deng bunga king metung a kumpul, anya miayaliwa la kule deng bunga king metung a kumpul. Malutu ya katas ing balat ning bunga, kabang ala yang kule ing maputing laman. Maputi ya kule ing butul. Maslam ya ing bungang anting cranberry neng bubut ya, at maslam-aslam yang mayumu-yumu potang malulut ya. Tatanam de ing pun dutung king kabilugan ning lugal nung nu ya katutubu, at maralas dong gagawan jam deng prutas. Maralas deng tatanam kareng mula king  Java.

## Notes

## Suglung palwal
*Purdue New Crops Profile
*''Antidesma'' Species Accounts
Colegio de la Inmaculada Concepcion de la Concordia

Ing **Colegio de la Inmaculada Concepcion de la Concordia**, o kabud na mu **Concordia College** metung yang Katolikung pipagaralan a pribadung atsu king Pedro Gil, Paco, Menila, king Filipinas. Mitátag ya ing kolehiyo anyang 1868 at palakad de deng Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul.  Minasensu ya ing Concordia College anyang bandang wakas ning kalabingsyam a dilanwa o siglu, at merakal la reng lulub keti. Kayabe la kareng pikabalwan deng magaral di Saturmina, Soledad ampong Olympia, deng kapatad nang babai ning Pambangsang Bayani ning Filipinas, i Jose Rizal, ampo reng adwa nang kalugurán, di - Segunda Katigbak ampong  Leonor Rivera - at itang kadwa, mitatak ya king kasalesayan kapamilatan da reng kayang nobela antimo i Maria Clara.

## Suglung palwal
Tagan ginu

Ing **tagan ginu** o **tagan birhen** (*Solea humilis*) metung yang species ning asan ning familia Soleidae king orden Pleuronectiformes.

## Lugal nung nu ya makayakit
Mayayakit ya kareng bebe dayatmalat ning Madras (India) angga king Filipinas, China ampong Indonesia.
  
## Dalerayan

## Bibliography
* Fenner, Robert M.: *The Conscientious Marine Aquarist*. Neptune City, New Jersey, Estados Unidos : T.F.H. Publications, 2001.
* Helfman, G., B. Collette y D. Facey: *The diversity of fishes*. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts,Estados Unidos , 1997.
* Hoese, D.F. 1986: . A M.M. Smith y P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Alemanya.
* Maugé, L.A. 1986.  A J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse y D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISBN Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren, Flanders; y ORSTOM, Paris, Pransya. Vol. 2.
* Moyle, P. y J. Cech.: *Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology*, 4th edition, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, Estados Unidos: Prentice-Hall. 2000.
* Nelson, J.: *Fishes of the World*, 3rd edition. New York, Estados Unidos: John Wiley and Sons. 1994.
* Wheeler, A.: *The World Encyclopedia of Fishes*, 2nd. edition, London: Macdonald. 1985.

## Suglung palwal
* Encyclopedia of Life (king Ingles)
* MarineSpecies.org (king Ingles)
Parusparus

Ing **parusparus** (*Corbicula fluminea*), a awsan dang *tulya* king Tagalug, *alibwag* king Bikol, *dukyang* king Pangasinan, *kaykay* king Cebuano, ampang *bebe* king Waray, metung yang species ning freshwater clam, metung a bivalve (adwa kapsa o *shell*) a mollusk (grupu da reng susu, talaba, sulib, parusparus, atlwp.) bivalve king familia Corbiculidae. Agpang kang Morton, 1979) ing C. fluminea ya mu namang species king Corbicula manilensis (Philippi, 1844), ing kilalang lagyung siyentipiku o *scientific name* ning parusparus."

Menibat ya ing species king Asia, anya king Ingles, neng kayi ausan deng *Asian clam* or *Asiatic clam*. King negosyung aquarium ampong and koi, maralas, ing aus da, *Golden Clam* o *Golden Freshwater Clam*. King mauli-aslagang Asia, ausan deng *prosperity clam* o *good luck clam*.

Midala ne ing species kareng dakal a dake ning yatu, antimo king Pangulung America ampong Europa.

Ing manimuna dang kakanan, deng phytoplankton (algae), a sasalakan da manibat king lalam da reng sapa, dayatan o kanal.

## Dalerayan

1.^R. Araujo, et al. (1993) The Asiatic clam Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774) (Bivalvia: Corbiculidae) in Europe, American Malacological Bulletin, Volume 10, Issue 1, Page 39.
http://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/32551/1/Amer%20Malac%20Bull.pdf 

## Suglung palwal
* USGS
(NAS)- Nonindigenous Aquatic Species 
* "Aquatic Immigrants of
the Northeast, No. 4: Asian Clam, Corbicula fluminea"
* [specimen of ''C. fluminea''](http://www.conchology.be/en/availableshells/shellsforsaledetails.php?uniquenumber=122744#f
Typical)
* [specimen of ''C. fluminalis''](http://www.conchology.be/en/availableshells/shellsforsaledetails.php?uniquenumber=241314#f
Typical)
* Anatomy
of ''Corbicula fluminea'' 
* Impact of ''Corbicula
fluminea'' within US waterways
* [Species FactSheet](http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/GreatLakes/SpeciesInfo.asp?NoCache=6%2F22%2F2010+9%3A26%3A15+AM&SpeciesID=92&State=&HUCNumber=DGreatLakes/
GLANSIS) 
*Species
Profile- Asian Clam (''Corbicula fluminea'') , National Invasive
Species Information Center, United States National Agricultural
Library.  Lists general information and resources for Asian Clam.
Kabasi

Ing **kabasi** (*Anodontostoma chacunda* F. Hamilton, 1822), a *Chacunda gizzard shad* king Ingles, metung yang species da reng asan a kayabe king familia Clupeidae.

## Dalerayan





## Suglung palwal

* BioLib 
* Barcodes of Life
* AQUATAB
* ITIS 
* NCBI 
* Encyclopedia of Life 
* World Register of Marine Species
Anodontostoma

Ing ***Anodontostoma*** metung yang malating genus da reng *gizzard shad* king labuad a Indo-Pacific.  King salukuyan, kayabe la reng makatuking species, nung nu kayabe ya ing *Anodontostoma chacunda*, a maki lagyung **kabasi** king Kapampangan. Atin yang atlung milarawan a species ngeni.

## Species
* *[[Anodontostoma chacunda]]* (F. Hamilton, 1822) (Chacunda gizzard shad)
* *[[Anodontostoma selangkat]]* (Bleeker, 1852) (Indonesian gizzard shad)
* *[[Anodontostoma thailandiae]]* Wongratana, 1983 (Thai gizzard shad)

## Dalerayan
*
Bagukbagukan

Ing **bagukbagukan** (*Ageratum conyzoides*) a *billygoat-weed*, *chick weed*, *goatweed*, ampong *whiteweed* king Ingles, katutubu ya king mapali o tropical nang dake ning Mauling America, lalu na king Brazil. Metung yang yerbang 0.5–1 m. kátas, a maki bulung a tulungkaba, a 2–6&nbsp;cm kaba, ampong sampagang maputi anggang mauve.

## Dalerayan


## Suglung palwal
*Plants For Future: ''Ageratum conyzoides''
*Tropical Plant Database: ''Ageratum conyzoides''  
* ''Ageratum conyzoides''  photos
*Ageratum conyzoides L. Medicinal Plant Images Database (School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University) 
*
Palat

Ing **palat** (*Saccharum spontaneum*) metung yang dikut a katutubu king Mauling Asia. Metung yang dikut a pilmihan (*perennial*), a miraras anggang atlung metru kátas, at maki yamut a ibat king   rhizome. 

Uli ning kayang kagiwan a mabilis sumakup king gabun a metagin, megi yang species o uring tanaman a mapanyakup, at luluban no reng gabun a tatamnan ampong pastulan. 

## Dalerayan

## Suglung pawal
Ange

Ing **ange** (*Curcuma longa*) metung yang tanaman a pilmihan (*perennial*) a yerbang maki rhizome ning familiang laya, ing Zingiberaceae. Katutubu ya king mapali o tropical a dake ning Mauling Asia at mangaylangan yang temperaturang atsu king pilatan ning 20&nbsp;°C ampong 30&nbsp;°C (68&nbsp;°F ampong 86&nbsp;°F) at marakal dakal a uran kilub ning pabanwa ba yang dagul masalese. Titipunan do banwa-banwa deng tanaman para kareng karelang rhizome, at parakalan da la manibat kareti para keng tutuking panaun ning pamananam. 

Nung e la sagiwa, pilan dong oras deng rhizome at kaybat, palangyan do kareng mapaling ornu, at kaybat, dadaldakan da la anggang magi lang polbung kule malalam a dalandan-dilo a maralas dang gagamitang sangkap kareng curry ampo reng aliwang lutu king Mauling Asia ampong Kalibudtang Aslagan (*'Middle East*), para kareng tina o pangule, o antimong pamye kule king Ing aktibu nang sangkap, yapin ing curcumin, a maki lasang mamait-mait, mamaras-maras, lalasang gabun, at babaung mustard.  

## Lon la murin
* *[[Alpinia zerumbet]]*
* *[[Etlingera elatior]]*
* *[[Kaempferia galanga]]*
* Haldi doodh

## Dalerayan

## Suglung palwal

* Turmeric, from the U.S. National Institutes of Health
* Turmeric List of Chemicals (Dr. Duke's)
* Plant Cultures: review of botany, history and uses 
* Scientists say curry compound kills cancer cells
Bagawak

Ing **bagawak** (*Monochoria vaginalis*) metung yang uri ning tanaman a manyampagang kayabe king familia Pontederiaceae (*water hyacinth family*). Iti ausan deng *heartleaf false pickerelweed* ampong *oval-leafed pondweed* king Ingles, ampong *gabing uwak* king Tagalug. Katutubu ya king maragul a dake ning Asia ampong kareng dakal a isla ning Pacifico, at balu re kareng dakal a aliwang lugal antimong species a midala karin, at keraklan metung a makaperwisyung dikut.  Metung yang tanaman king danum, at maralas, sasakupan no reng asikan ampong aliwang lugal a natural a maki danum. Metung yang yerbang (*herb*) a banwahan (*annual*) o pilmihan (*perennial*) a tutubu king danum manibat king malating rhizome. Miyayaliwa ya itsura o pamibalangkas. (*morphology*) Miraras lang anggang 12 sentimetru kaba deng makintab nang bulung, a 10 sentimetru lapad, at makabili la kareng alang laman kilub a petiole. Maki atlu la anggang 25 sampagang alus agnan-agnan mibubukadkad king lalam danum. Ing balang metung atin yang kule ubi-iro/asul a tepal a maygit metung a sentimetru kaba at maki dakal a butul a mangalati ampong maki pakpak. Ing balang bunga metung yang capsule a metung a sentimetru kaba at maki dakal a mangalating butul a maki pakpak. 

## Suglung palwal
*Jepson Manual Treatment
*USDA Plants Profile 
*Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 
*Flora of North America
*Photo gallery
Ilib

Ing **ilib** (*Imperata cylindrica*), a karaniwang mayayaus king Ingles *blady grass*, *cogon grass* (), *kunai grass* (), o *Japanese bloodgrass*, metung yang species ning grass king genus *[[Imperata]]*. Makabili ya king subfamily Panicoideae, supertribe Andropogonodae, tribu Andropogoneae. 

Metung yang pilmihan (*perennial*) a rhizomatous a dikut a katutubu king aslagan ampong mauli-aslagang Asia, India, Micronesia, Australia, ampong aslagan ampong mauling Africa. Daragul yang manibat 0.6–3 m (2–10&nbsp;pie) kátas. Maki lapad lang manga 2&nbsp;cm malapit king pun ning tanaman, at kikitid anggang matilus ya karas king babo; mapinu lang tabas ipan deng lele ning bulung, at maki matilus lang kristal a silica. Ing manimunang uyat mas maputla ya kesa king aliwa nang dake ning bulung, at mas malapit ya king metung a talindiking ning bulung. Mabwak ya ing babo ning bulung malapit king pun, kabang itang lalam keraklan ala yang bwak. Miraras lang anggang 1.2 metru lalam deng kayang uyat o yamut, oneng keraklan 0.4 m la mu king gabun a mabalas. 

## Lokal a lagyu

Local a lagyung Ingles:
* Australia: *blady grass*
* Nigeria: *speargrass*
* South Africa: *silver spike*
* USA: *cogongrass*, *cogon grass*, *cogon*, *kunai grass*, *sword grass*, *Japanese bloodgrass*

Lagyu kareng aliwang amanu:
}
* Korean: 띠 *ddi*
|
* Laotian: (ຫຍ້າ)ຄາ 
* Malay: *lalang*
* Tok Pisin (Papua New Guinea): *kunai*
* Sinhala: *illuk*
* Spanish: *cisca*, *cogón*
* Sundanese: *eurih*
* Tagalog: *kugon*, *cogon*
* Thai: (หญ้า)คา 
* Vietnamese: *cỏ tranh*
|}

## Dalerayan

## Suglung palwal
* US National Park Service - Description of Cogon Grass and control measures
* FAO information on Cogon 
* Edible and medicinal uses, cultivation, etc.
* Description 
* PLANTS Profile for Imperata cylindrica (cogongrass) | USDA PLANTS profile
* Murniati (2002) From Imperata cylindrica Grasslands to productive Agroforestry. PhD thesis Wageningen UR.

* Species Profile- Cogongrass (''Imperata cylindrica'') , National Invasive Species Information Center, United States National Agricultural Library. Lists general information and resources for Cogongrass.
Anó

Ing **anó** o **luyung** (*Saribus rotundifolius*) metung yang palmerang *fountain palm* a maki mabilug a bulung at mayayakit king Mauli-aslagang Asia. Kayabe ya king genus a *[[Saribus]]*. Awsan deng  *footstool palm* king Ingles, ampong *anahaw* king Tagalug ampong Cebuanu. Ya ing e opisyal a pambangsang bulung ning Filipinas. 

Maralas deng gagamitan a tanaman a pag-landscape. Tutubu ya kareng klimang sub-tropical ampong mapali o *tropical* at *humid*.  

Gagamit dong para bubungan deng bulung, ampo king pamalut pamangan. Ing sobrang pamamupul kareng bulung da reng tanaman king pulû/gubat ampong ilang. Mabilis lang daragul deng bulung kapupul oneng mas malati la.  

Anyang Setiembre 2011, kaybat ning pamanyalugsug king DNA, meging opisyal ing pamanalis ning pamanalis ning tanaman manibat king genus a *[[Livistona]]* papunta king misubling genus a *[[Saribus]]*.

## Dalerayan
*
*
Pakayungkung kastila

Ing **pakayungkung kastila** (*Senna alata*), a awsan dang *Candle Bush*, *Candelabra Bush*, *Empress Candle Plant*, *Ringworm Tree* o *[[candletree]]* king Ingles, ampong *akapulko* king Tagalug, metung yang maulagang tanaman a panulu ampong tanaman a manyampaga king subfamily Caesalpinioideae. Metung yang species ning *[[Senna (genus)|Senna]]* a neng kayi, kakawani da king sarili nang genus, ing *Herpetica*.

Katutubu ya king Mexico, ing pakayungkung kastila, at malyari yang akit kareng miayaliwang lugal. Kareng lugal a malisangan o tropics, miraras ya kareng lugal a 1,200 metru kátas. Metung yang species a mapanyakup o *invasive species* king Austronesia. 

Manga 3–4 m ya kátas iting palungpung, at deng bulung na 50–80&nbsp;cm la kaba. Lupa yang dilong kandila ing kumpul da reng sampaga na. Ing bunga na, anti yang matulid a pod a miraras yang 25&nbsp;cm kátas. Mikakalat la reng kayang bini kapamilatan na ning danum o deng animal. Misasara la reng bulung neng dadalumdum. 


## Dalerayan


## Pikwanan

* http://www.hear.org/pier/species/senna_alata.htm 
* http://www.ildis.org/
Pasípasí

Ing **pasípasî** ó **kampapasî** (***Mesosphaerum suaveolens*** ó  ***Hyptis suaveolens***), a **pignut** ó **chan** king Inglis, métung yang tanáman a pseudocereal a katutúbû karéng lugal a tropical ning Mexico, Kalibudtang America,  West Indies, ampóng Mauling America, at míras né múrin kareng dákéng tropical king Africa, Asia ampóng Australia. Keraklan 1.5 m ya katas, at neng kayi miraras yang  3 m. Mabwak ya ing kayang tangké, at códrádu ya ó parisukad ing kayang cross section. Misúsumángid la king  tangké déng kayang bulung, at  2-10 cm la kábâ, katábas lang ípan gílid, at kabáwu lang mint nung daldakan la. Cúlé rosas la anggang cúlé úbi déng kayang sampága, at pákakumpul la réng anggang lima malápit king bulung.

## Dalerayan

### Suglung palwal
* Making Chan drink (spanish)
* Using Chan as insecticide (spanish)
* Evaluation as Alternative Crop for Food and Drugs  (spanish) 
* Protein value of Chan (spanish) 
* Chan used as diarrhea treatment (spanish)
Asana

Ing **asana** (*Pterocarpus indicus*) metung yang species ning *[[Pterocarpus]]* a katutubu king mauli-aslagang Asia, pangulung Australasia, deng isla ning albugang Pacific Kadayatmalatan , king Cambodia, peka mauling dake ning China, Aslagang Timor, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, ing Philippines, ding Ryukyu Islands, ding  Solomon Islands, Thailand, ampo ing Vietnam. Deng aliwang lagyu para kaniti, *Narra* (Tagalug king Filipinas), *Sonokembang* (Indonesia), *Angsana* o *Sena* (Indonesia, Malaysia ampong Singapore), *Tnug* (Cambodia). 

## Dalerayan

*  Listed as Vulnerable (VU A1d v2.3)
*PIER species info: ''Pterocarpus indicus'' 

## Suglung palwal
* ''Pterocarpus indicus'' (narra). Images and references - (2006) 17p
Banilak

Ing **banilak** o **almendras** (*Terminalia catappa*), metung yang maragul a pun dutung kareng lugal a tropical o malisangan a kayabe king familia Combretaceae, a katutubu kareng malisangan a labwad king Asia, Africa, ampong Australia. Awsan de kareng lagyung *Ketapang* (Indonesian), *Bengal almond*, *Singapore almond*, *Ebelebo*, *Malabar almond*, *Indian almond*, *Tropical almond*, *Sea almond*, *Beach Almond*, *Talisay tree*, *Umbrella tree*, *Abrofo Nkatie* (Ghana), *Tavola* (Fiji),  *Castanhola* (Northeastern Brazil), *Zanmande* (creole) ampong ** (Marshallese).

## Gallery


File:Desi Badam (Terminalia catappa) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 0499.jpg|in Hyderabad, India. 
File:Terminalia catappa (inflorescense).jpg|Inflorescence
File:A Hoverfly on a Desi Badam (Terminalia catappa) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 0495.jpg|in Hyderabad, India. 
File:A Hoverfly on a Desi Badam (Terminalia catappa) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 0494.jpg|in Hyderabad, India.
File:A Hoverfly on a Desi Badam (Terminalia catappa) in Hyderabad, AP W3 IMG 0494.jpg|in Hyderabad, India.
File:A Hoverfly on a Desi Badam (Terminalia catappa) in Hyderabad, AP W2 IMG 0494.jpg|in Hyderabad, India.
Image:Desi Badam (Terminalia catappa) trunk in Kolkata W IMG 2214.jpg|trunk in  Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Image:Desi Badam (Terminalia catappa) tree in Kolkata W IMG 2207.jpg|tree in  Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Image:Desi Badam (Terminalia catappa) old trunk in Kolkata W IMG 2218.jpg|old trunk in  Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Image:Desi Badam (Terminalia catappa) fallen leaf in Kolkata W IMG 2217.jpg|fallen leaf  in  Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Image:Desi Badam (Terminalia catappa) fallen leaf (back side) in Kolkata W IMG 2220.jpg|fallen leaf (back side) in  Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Image:Desi Badam (Terminalia catappa) branches with new leaves & flower spikes in Kolkata W IMG 3260.jpg|branches with new leaves & flower spikes  in  Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
File:Terminalia_catappa_em_um_vaso.jpg|Terminalia catappa in a vase in assis, São Paulo, Brazil. 

Image: Ketapang2small.jpg | Ketapang Leaves from Singapore

Image: Ketapang5small.jpg | Ketapang Leaves from Singapore

Image: KetapangGreenLeaves.jpg | Ketapang Green Leaves from Singapore, Before Falling To The Ground

Image: KetepangTrees.jpg | Ketapang Trees from Singapore, Next To Road and HDB Flats

Terminalia catappa MHNT.BOT.2007.27.25.jpg|Terminalia catappa - Museum specimen


## Dalerayan

## Suglung palwal
*Indian almond leaves and their use in aquariums
* Indian almond leaves - Website devoted to Indian almond leaves in folk medicine, modern medicine and aquariums.
*More Ketapang Info- Blog on Ketapang Leaves
Palepalayan

Ing **Palepalayan** (*Echinochloa crus-galli*) metung yang uri ning dikut iláng (*wild grass*) a ibat king malisangan o tropical Asia a sadya rang tuturing uri ning dikut a panicum. Maralas, awsan de king Ingles *Cockspur* (o *Cockspur Grass*), *Common Barnyard Grass*, o kabud na mu *barnyard grass* (a malyari dang gamitan king sanumang species ning *[[Echinochloa]]* o king mabilug a genus). Daragul ya ing tanaman anggang 60 pulgada (1.5 m) king kátas, at atin yang mangakaba ampong pitpit a bulung a maralas, kule lang bagyang ubi king bandang pun. Keraklan, matulid la reng kayang tangke, oneng deng aliwa mikakalat la king gabun. Pitpit la king bandang pun deng tangke. Aliwa la itsura deng buntuk da reng butul, at keraklan kule ubi la deti, at maki mangaragul lang butul a balamu *millet* kareng siksakan a malataring mangalati (*spikelet*).

Tuturing deng metung kareng makasirang diling dikut (*weed*) king yatu, at babawasan na ing pupul kareng tanam at papaten no reng dikut a papakan kareng animal (*forage crop*)  kapamilatan ning pamaglako king anggang 80% ning nitrogen king gabun. Makalasun ya kareng seseng animal uling king matas a nitrates a mititipun kaya. Magi yang santungan da reng miayaliwang sakit a mosaic virus. Malyaring lang maging sabagal deng mangalabung a tanaman king pamamupul a gagamit makina.  

## Notes
Iking pusa

Ing **iking pusa** (*Acalypha hispida*), a **Chenille plant** king Ingles, metung yang palungpung a manyampagang kayabe king familia Euphorbiaceae, ing subfamily Acalyphinae, ampo ing genus *[[Acalypha]]*.  Ing *Acalypha* ing kapat a pekamaragul a genus king familia Euphorbiaceae, at dakal ya tanaman a katutubu king Hawaii ampong Oceania. Ining tanaman mayayaus ya mu namang **Philippines Medusa**, **red hot cat's tail** ampong **fox tail** king English, *pokok ekor kucing* king Malay, *Rabo de Gato* king Portugues ampong *Tai tượng đuôi chồn* king Vietnamese. Tatanam de ing iking pusa antimong tanamang bale (*house plant*) uling masanting ya ampong uling kareng sampaga nang masanting ampong mabwak.  

## Dalerayan

## Suglung palwal
*Acalypha hispida Burm. f. Medicinal Plant Images Database (School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University)
Mark Cuban

I **Mark Cuban** (mibait Julio 31, 1958) metung yang business magnate a Americanu. Ya ing makibandi king Dallas Mavericks king National Basketball Association ampo king  Landmark Theatres, ampong Magnolia Pictures, at saka ya ing talapamuntuk (*chairman*) ning HDTV cable network AXS TV. Metung ya mu namang "shark" mamuhunan king seryeng pangtelebisyong *[[Shark Tank (TV series)|Shark Tank]]*.  Anyang 2011, sínulat yang e-book i Cuban, ing *How to Win at the Sport of Business*, nung nu na kinwentu ing kayang karanasan king bye na king negosyu ampo king pasiknangan  (*sports*).

## Dalerayan

## Suglung palwal

*blog maverick Mark Cuban's personal weblog
*
*Profile at *[[Shark Tank (TV series)|Shark Tank]]* on *[[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]*
*Column archive at *[[The Guardian]]*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*Profile on *[[Forbes]]*
;Interviews
*Executive Viewpoints with Mark Cuban  interview from 2000 at ThoughtAudio.com
*Beyond the Glory video biography of Mark Cuban
*Mark Cuban Interview, *Gelf Magazine*, March 29, 2005
*C-SPAN ''Q&A'' interview with Cuban, March 26, 2006
Kalyus

Ing **kalyus** (*Streblus asper*) metung yang pun dutung a maki miayaliwang lagyu king Inglis, kayabe la reng **Siamese rough bush**, **khoi**, **serut**, ampong **toothbrush tree**. Metung yang pun dutung a kasantingan dagul a katutubu kareng mangalanging labwad king Thailand, India, Malaysia, ampong Vietnam.

King Filipinas ausan deng **bogta-e**, **bogtalay**, **kalyos**, **kalios** ampong **aludig**, bukud king **kalyus**. 

## Suglung palwal
*http://www.springerlink.com/content/n5m84808p0l04433/
*Medical research and properties
*History of paper production in Thailand 
*http://www.apjtb.com/press/press/767.docx

anti diabetic activity
Larang dapu

Ing **larang dapu** (*Sphenoclea zeylanica*) metung ya kareng adwang species ning genus a *[[Sphenoclea]]*. Metung yang yerbang miraras 150 cm. Makabili ya king orden a Solanales, kayabe ya ing kamatis ampo ing *nightshade*. Menibat yang tagana king Africa, oneng merakal ne kareng aliwang dake ning yatu. Uling kalupa ne ning kayang lugal a paintunan ing pale, magi yang manimunang dikut kareng asikan, at magi yang sabagal king pamanubu da reng pale. Neng kayi, gagawan deng gule. 

## Suglung palwal

* Eintrag der Art bei ''hear.org''.  (englisch)
* ''Sphenocleaceae C.v. Martius ex A.P. de Candolle'' - Datenblatt  bei J. H. Kirkbride Jr., C. R. Gunn & M. J. Dallwitz, 2006: ''Family Guide for Fruits and Seeds''.  (englisch)
Sabungsabungan

Ing **sabungsabungan**, **parangis sabungan** o **burat asu** (*Eleusine indica*) (king Ingles, **Indian goosegrass**, **wiregrass** o **crowfootgrass**) metung yang mapanyakup a species (*invasive species*) king familiang Poaceae.  Metung yang banwahan a dikut a makakalat king mabilug a mas malisangan a dake ning yatu angga king manga 50 degrees latitude.  

## Suglung palwal

*Jepson Manual Treatment
*USDA Plants Profile: ''Eleusine indica'' 
*Grass Manual Treatment
*Photo gallery
*weedipedia.net
Kalibudtang Aslagan

Ing **Kalibudtang Aslagan** (Arabic **الشرق الأوسط**  Persian **خاورمیانه** Turkish **Orta Doğu**) metung yang labwad a sasaklo king   Albugang Asia ampong ing kabilugan o dake ning Pangulung Africa, dependi king kontekstu. Tuturing deng Eurocentric o makasentru king Europa ing terminu, at gagamitan deng katumbas ning Malapit a Aslagan (*Near East*), antimong kasumangid ning Marayung Aslagan (*Far East*). Deng pekamaragul a lahi king Kalibudtang Aslagan ila pin deng Arabu.

## Teritoryu ampong labwad
### Tradisyonal a kabaldugan ning Kalibudtang Aslagan
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*  (not fully sovereign)
* 
* 
* 
* 
*  (not recognized)
* 
*  (not fully sovereign)
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

### Peparagul a Kalibudtang Aslagan

* 1
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 2
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

**Notes:**

1 Maralas, tuturing deng dake ning Kalibudtang Asia ing Afghanistan

2Ing internasyonal a kikilalanan a sakup ning Morocco

## Lon la murin

**History**
* List of conflicts in the Middle East
* History of the Middle East
* Timeline of Middle Eastern History

**Regions**
* Central Asia
* Fertile Crescent
* Greater Middle East
* Hilly Flanks
* Near East
* North Africa
* Western Asia

**Issues**
* Waithood
* Orientalism
* State feminism (section: Middle East)

**Organizations, programs, and media**
* Middle East Institute
* Middle East Studies Association of North America
* Middle East Youth Initiative
* Maayan Middle East poetry magazine
* Strategic Foresight Group

## Notes

## Dalerayan
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## Suglung pawal

* "Middle East - Articles by Region"  - Council on Foreign Relations: "A Resource for Nonpartisan Research and Analysis"
* "Middle East - Interactive Crisis Guide"  - Council on Foreign Relations: "A Resource for Nonpartisan Research and Analysis"
* Middle East Department University of Chicago Library
* *[http://www.meed.com/ Middle East Business Intelligence since 1957]*: "The leading information source on business in the Middle East" - MEED.com
* Middle East News from Yahoo! News
* 
* Middle East Business, Financial & Industry News — *ArabianBusiness.com*
* Middle Eastern-U.S. Relations  from Krogh Digital Archives 
* Carboun - advocacy for sustainability and environmental conservation in the Middle East
* Documentary films on the Middle East  at Film Numud
Malapasi

Ing **malapasi** (*Chromolaena odorata*), a maki lagyung **Siam weed**, **Christmas bush**, and **common floss flower** king Ingles, metung yang species ning palungpung a manyampaga king familiang sunflower ing Asteraceae. Katutubu ya king Pangulung America, manibatFlorida ampong Texas angga king Mexico ampo ing Caribbean, at midala ya king malisangan o tropical a dake ning Asia, albugang Africa, ampong pilang dake ning Australia. Neng kayi, tatanam de antimong tanaman a panulu (*medicinal plant*) ampong tanaman a pampasanting (*ornamental plant*). Gagamitan de antimong tradisyonal a panulu king Indonesia. Dadaldakan do reng murang bulung, at gagamitan yang panulu kareng sugat ing makukwang katas. 

Sadya reng yabe king klasipikasyun lalam ning genus *[[Eupatorium]]*, oneng tuturing deng mas malapit kaugnayan kareng aliwang genus king tribung Eupatorieae.

Tuturing deng species a mapanyakup (*invasive species*) a dikut da reng tanaman a tatanam kareng asikan king lugal nung nu ya midala  |invasive]] weed of field crops in its (*introduced range*), at sasabyan dang iti ing pekamaragul a problema kareng species a mapanyakup kareng pulung ingatan (*protected rainforests*) king Africa.

## Dalerayan


## Karagdagang babasan
* 
* Raimundo, R. L. G., R. L. Fonseca, R. Schachetti-Pereira, A. T. Peterson & Thomas Michael Lewinsohn, 2007.Native and Exotic Distributions of Siamweed (Chromolaena odorata) Modeled Using the Genetic Algorithm for Rule-Set Production. Weed Science, 55 (1): 41–48 | Abstract

## Suglung palwal

*Factsheet
*USDA factsheet 
* ''Eupatorium odoratum''
Malapalitpit

Ing **malapalitpit** (*Sapindus saponaria*) metung yang malati anggang kasantingan dagul a pun dutung a deciduous.  native to the Americas. Kayabe la kareng karaniwan nang lagyu deng **wingleaf soapberry**, **western soapberry**, **jaboncillo**, ampong **mānele** (Hawaiian). Ing lagyu ning kayang genus, ing "*Sapindus*", ibat ya king katayang Latin a mangabaldugang sabun a Indian, at ing lagyu ning kayang species mangabaldugan yang "masabun." 

## Dalerayan

## Suglung palwal
Biyang kwayan

Ing **biyang kwayan** (*Oxyurichthys microlepis*) (Herre and Umali, 1948), a king Ingles **long-tailed goby**, **small-scaled goby**, o **maned goby** (***Oxyurichthys microlepis***, Bleeker, 1849) metung yang asan a kayabe king *[[Gobionellinae]]* ning familia *[[Gobiidae]]* king orden  Perciformes.  Darakpan de iti king komersyal a pamanasan ampo king industriyang aquarium.

## Karaniwang lagyu
King Bangladesh, ausan deng *nuna baila* (Bengali).  King South Africa, ing aus da *maahaar-dikkop* (Afrikaans).  King Filipinas, bukud king Kapampangan, awsan deng *talimusak*, *talimosak*, o *bia* king Tagalug; *ganiya*, *maloog*, o *tambasukan* king Bikul; ampong *dapa-dapa* king Kuyunon. King Indonesia, king Javanese, ausan deng *beloso*, *Ploso*, o *Puntang* (pareu ya ing tauli king Malay). King Mandarin, ing aus da, 小鱗溝鰕虎魚 (traditional) o 小鳞沟鰕虎鱼 (simplified).  King Thailand naman, ing lagyu na, บู่เกล็ดเล็ก o *bukletlek*.  King Vietnam naman,  ausan deng cá bống chấm mắt, cá bống vảy nhỏ, o cá bong xê vay nho.

## Dalerayan
Kamakamangyang

Ing **kamakamangyang** (*Stachytarpheta jamaicensis*) metung yang species ning tanaman king familia Verbenaceae. Katutubu ya king mabilug a Caribbean, at awsan deng **blue porterweed** o **Jamaica vervain** king Ingles. Mayayakit ya king kabilugan ning dake ning yatung malisangan o tropical, at mayayakit ya king Indian Subcontinent, Mauli-aslagang Asia ampong Albugang Tropical Africa, nung nu re awsang **Indian snakeweed** ampong **nettle-leaved vervain**, a sadya dang isipan a aliwang species (*Stachytarpheta indica*). Keraklan mayayakit ya king lele dalan kareng baryu, at tutubu ya kareng lugal a mibayu o pikyalaman ning tau. Metung yang species a mapanyakup (*invasive species*) kareng aliwang lugal.  

## Dalerayan

## Suglung palwal

*Stachytarpheta indica - Mangrove.my
*ITIS