open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
MP3

Ing **[[MPEG-1]] Audio Layer 3**, a mas maralas dang ausang **MP3**, metung yang encoding format para king digital audio a gagamit king metung a uri ning lossy data compression. 

Maralas yang magagamit iti para king pamanyimpan king consumer audio (deng patigtig o katni para king pansariling/personal a gamit). Metung ya muring de facto standard a encoding para king pamanalis ampong pamipatigtig king musika kareng digital audio player.

Metung yang format a audio-specific (bukud mung kareng tigtigan o katni) a diniseniu da reng mapilan a lupung da reng inieru king  Fraunhofer IIS king in Erlangen, Alemania, AT&T-Bell Labs king Murray Hill, NJ, USA, Thomson-Brandt, ampong  CCETT. Metanggap ya antimong  ISO/IEC standard kanitang 1991.  

Gagamit yang lossy compression algorithm ing MP3 bang mabawas mayap ing kantidad o karakal ning data a kailangan ba yang dalan ing data recording kabang manatili yang malapit ketang orihinal a audio (tigtigan o katni) a e mesiksik (uncompressed) para kareng keraklan a makiramdam. Nanupata, e re tuturing a high fidelity audio deng audiophile (mahilig king pamakiramdam musika). Ing metung a simpan (file) a MP3 a melalang king mid-range (kasantingan o makalibutad) a bitrate setting a 128 kbit/s, mamie yang simpan a metung a kapulu (1/10th) ning dagul ning CD a melalang ketang orihinal a pikuanan ning tigtigan. Maliaring maglalang simpan a MP3 king mas matas o mas mabanang bitrate, at mas matas o mas mababa ing kalidad a lunto. Gagana iting pamanyiksik (compression) kapamilata'ning pamagbawas king panga-saktu (accuracy) da reng mapilan a dake ning katni (parts of sound) a tuturing dang lagpus king daramdaman ding keraklan da reng tau. Keraklan, ausan dang Perceptual Coding iti.      

Kilub na niti, babie yang pamilarawan o pamag-representa ning katni kilub ning makuyad (short term) a time/frequency analysis window, kapamilatan ning pamangamit kareng modelung psychoacoustic ba lang idayû o bawasan ing panga-saktu da reng dakeng e ra making daramdaman deng tau, at pamag-record king matalab o episienting paralan ketang mitatagan a impormasiun. E malaut iti kareng prinsipiu o paralan a ginamit da king JPEG, metung a format a magagamit king pamanyiksik larawan (image compression format). 

## Panaliling/Alternatibung teknolohiya

Dakal la pa reng aliwang audio codec, lossy man o lossless. Pareu la pamilia king MP3 deng mp3PRO, AAC, ampong MP2, at magdependi la king alus miwawangis a psychoacoustic model. Ing Fraunhofer Gesellschaft murin ing makibandi kareng dakal karing pekamaulagang patent a nung nu la makabasi deting codec, kabang deng Dolby Labs, Sony, Thomson Consumer Electronics, ampong AT&T naman ing tatalan kareng aliwa.

## Lon la murin deti

* Audio compression (data)
* Comparison of audio codecs
* Copyright infringement
* Digital audio player
* ID3
* Joint stereo
* LRC (file format)
* Media player
* MP3 blog
* MP3 Surround
* Streaming Media
* DJ digital controller
* AAC
* Ogg Vorbis


## Dalerayan

## Suglung palual
* Fraunhofer IIS
* The Story of MP3 — How MP3 was invented, by Fraunhofer IIS
Ogg

:*Ba kang mabiasang maglalang simpan a alben o katni (audio or video files) para king Wikipedia ampo reng kapatad nang proyektu, munta ka king
.*

Ing **Ogg** metung yang libri ampong open standard a container format a mamantinian ning Xiph.Org Foundation. E ya limitadu kareng software patent ing Ogg format, at megawa ya para king matalab o episienting streaming ampong pamangamit king digital multimediang matas a kalidad. 
   
Ing lagiung ‘Ogg’ mangabaldugan yang file format a maliaring mag-multiplex king mapilan a mikakawani ampong sariling libri ampong open source a codec para king audio, video, text (alimbawa subtitles), ampong metadata.     

King pamibalangkas a multimediang (multimedia framework) Ogg, ing Theora ing magsilbing lossy video layer, kabang ing Vorbis codec a keraklan para king musika naman ing magsilbing audio layer. Maliari ya muring magsilbing audio layer ing codec para king pamanyiksik king pamagsalitang tau (human speech compression codec), ing Speex; ing FLAC a lossless audio compression codec; ampo ing OggPCM. 

Ing katayang ‘Ogg’ keraklan deng gagamitan king audio file format a Ogg Vorbis; ing buri nang sabian niti, maki Vorbis-encoded audio king lulanan a Ogg. Aniang mumuna, gagamitan de ing .ogg file extension kng sanumang laman a kakalat da kapamilatan ning Ogg. nanupata, aniang 2007, pekisabi ning Xiph.Org Foundation a gamitan ya mu king Vorbis ing .ogg king Vorbis uling pigaganakan da ing pamibage da reti (backward compatibility concerns). Migdisisiun ya ing Xiph.Org Foundation a maglalang bayung grupu da reng file extension ampong media tyupe para kareng miyayaliwang uri ning laman, alimbawa .oga kareng audio only file, .ogv king video, maki katni man o ala (kayabe ya ing Theora), ampong .ogx kareng applications.

## Lon la murin deti
 

* Audio data compression
* Comparison of container formats
* LRC (file format)

## Dalerayan

## Suglung palual

* The Xiph.Org Foundation official webpage &mdash; Ogg 
* RFC 3533 &mdash; The Ogg Encapsulation Format Version 0 
* RFC 3534 &mdash; The application/ogg Media Type 
* Using Creative Commons Metadata in Ogg containers  
* Ogg etymology from the Jargon File
* Xiph.Org's official Ogg QuickTime Components for iTunes and iMovie (Windows and Mac OS X)
* Windows Media Player codecs for Vorbis, Speex, Theora and FLAC 
* ffmpeg2theora  Ogg Theora encoder, commandline application for Linux, Win32 and DOS (use port or HX)
WAV

Ing **WAV** (o **WAVE**), a pamikuyad king Waveform audio format, audio file format standard ne ning Microsoft ampo ning IBM para king pamanyimpan king audio bitstream kareng PC. Kawangis ne ning paralan a RIFF bitstream format para king pamanyimpan data kareng “chunks” (pira-pirasu), ania malapit ya king IFF da reng Amiga computer ampo ing AIFF kareng Macintosh computer. Iti ing manimunang format a magagamit kareng Windows system para king e metagin (raw) ampong e mesiksik (uncompressed) a audio. Ing default bitstream encoding (itang magamit liban kaniti) yapin ing Microsoft Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) format.  

## Dalerayan

## Lon la murin deti
* Audio Compression Manager
* Broadcast Wave Format (BWF)
* RF64, an extended file format for audio (multichannel file format enabling file sizes to exceed 4 gigabytes)

## Suglung palual
* A summary of the WAVE file format 
* Another summary of WAVE file format 
* WAV file format 
* Basic WAV file format 
* A detailed explanation of digital audio formats and best practices (pdf)
* WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE Specification
* More information on WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE
Windows Media Audio

Ing **Windows Media Audio** (**WMA**) metung yang teknolohiyang audio data compression a ayalkus (developed) ning Microsoft. Gagamitan de ing lagiu ketang kayang audio file format o kareng kayang audio codec. Metung yang teknolohiyang ating makibandi (proprietary) a kayabe king balangkas o framework a Windows Media. Bibilugan de reng apat a saparadung codec ing WMA. Ing orihinal a WMA codec, a ausan da kabud a  *WMA*, megawa ya anting kakumpitensiya da reng sikat a codec a MP3 ampong RealAudio. Ngeni, metung ya kareng pekasikat a codec, kayabe ning MP3 ampo ing MPEG-4 AAC. Aniang 2003, megi yang kadua keng MP3 king bilang da reng standalone player a gagamitan kaya. Ing *WMA Pro*, metung a mas bayu ampong mas masulung a codec, gagamit yang multichannel ampong high resolution audio. Ating lossless a codec, ing *WMA Lossless*, a manyiksik (mag-compress) king audio data a e mawawala ing audio fidelity (pamilupa king orihinal). Ita namang *WMA Voice*, a megawa para kareng siuala (voice content), manyiksik yang gagamit  serie o pamitukituki (range) ning mababang bit rate..

## Lon la murin deti
*Codec – Ing teknikal a kataya para king compressor ampong decompressor 
*Windows Media – Metung a digital media platform a sasaklo kareng tunggal-tunggal o indibidual a teknolohiyang Windows Media 
*Windows Media Video – Metung a video file format ampong codec a ayalkus (developed) ning Microsoft
*JPEG XR / HD Photo – Metung a image file format ampong codec a ayalkus ning Microsoft
*Windows Media DRM – Metung a dake ning Windows Media para king pamanibala kareng katulirang digital (digital rights management), a magsilbi bang talan kareng katuliran king pamangamit kareng laman a uring media 
*WMV HD – Ing komersial a lagiu (marketing name) da reng high definition video a me-encode kapamilatan ning Windows Media Video 9 codec
*Surround sound – Audio a maki channel a maigit king adua
*MPlayer – Metung a third-party, open source, cross-platform media player a maliaring patigtig kareng dakal a Windows Media file a gagamit king FFmpeg
*FFmpeg – Metung a third-party, cross-platform, free software codec library a pagana (implement)kareng Windows Media Video codec
*Lossy data compression – Pamanyiksik data (data compression) nung nukarin ating impormasiun a mawawala
*Lossless data compression – Pamanyiksik data nung nukarin alang mawawalang impormasiun 
*List of audio formats
*Comparison of audio codecs

## Suglung palual
*Windows Media homepage at Microsoft
*Listening tests (performed between 2002-2004) featuring Windows Media Audio at several bit rates 
*WMA page in Hydrogenaudio Wiki
*Audio quality comparison between RealAudio and Windows Media Audio 
*Description of the algorithm used for Windows Media encryption 
*Windows Media Audio decoder source code at FFMpeg's CVS 
*mp3PRO vs MP3  - includes graphs comparing high-frequency performance for WMA/MP3/WAV
*Convert WMA to MP3  - tutorial on how to convert WMA to MP3

## Dalerayan
Tagged Image File Format

Ing **Tagged Image File Format** (a pepakuyad da king **TIFF**) metung yang file format para king pamanyimpan kareng larawan o images, kayabe no reng letratu ampong ginulis (line art). Tatalnan na ne ning Adobe Systems. Aniang purmeru, lelangan ne ning kumpaniang Aldus bang magamit ketang ausan da kanitang "desktop publishing". Gagamitan de ing TIFF format kareng dakal a aplikasiun a maki kaugnayan king pamag-prosesu kareng larawan (image-manipulation applications), king pamaglimbag ampong pamag-layout, king [pamag-scan, pamag-fax, word processing, optical character recognition at aliwa pang aplikasiun. Ing Adobe Systems, a yang mekasali king Aldus, ing tatalan ngeni king copyright king TIFF specification. Ala yang maragul a pamagbayu (update) ing TIFF manibat kanitang 1992, dapot ating milimbag a Aldus/Adobe technical note a maki minor extension king format, at ating mapilan a specifications, kayabe ne ing TIFF/EP, a makabasi king TIFF 6.0 specification.

## Lon la murin deti
* Comparison of graphics file formats
* Image file formats
* Windows Picture and Fax Viewer
* GeoTIFF
* MIME image/tiff RFC 3302, image/tiff-fx RFC 3950
* DNG

## Notes


## Suglung palual
* Adobe TIFF Resources page : Adobe links to the specification and main TIFF resources
* LibTIFF Home Page : Widely used library used for reading and writing TIFF files as well as TIFF file processing command line tools
* TIFF File Format FAQ and TIFF Tag Reference : Everything you always wanted to know about the TIFF File Format but were afraid to ask
* The BigTIFF File Format Proposal : Breaking the 4 gigabyte boundary
* TIFF description at Digital Preservation (The Library of Congress)
* TIFF Revision 4.0: Specification for revision 4.0, in HTML (warning: for historical purposes only, the TIFF 6.0 spec contains the full 4.0 revision)
* TIFF Revision 5.0: Specification for revision 5.0, in HTML (warning: for historical purposes only, the TIFF 6.0 spec contains the full 5.0 revision)
* TIFF Revision 6.0: Specification for revision 6.0, in PDF (warning: there is an outdated and flawed section (jpeg compression), corrected in supplements, and there are additions to this PDF too – for the full specification, see link to Adobe TIFF Resources)
* TIFF Central  More TIFF links and information.
Motion JPEG

King multimedia, ing **Motion JPEG** (**M-JPEG**) metung yang karaniwa o informal a lagiu para kareng format a multimedia nung nu saparadu yang masisiksik (compressed) antimong larawan (image) a JPEG ing balang metung a video frame o interlaced field ning metung a digital video sequence. Pane yang magagamit kareng mangalating gamit a digital anti kareng digital camera. 

## Suglung palual
* MJPEG tools for recording from MJPEG capture cards and manipulating the data
* Apple Quicktime Format, including specification for MJPEG-A & MJPEG-B pp95
* RFC 2435 RTP Payload Format for JPEG-compressed Video
STI College

Ing **STI College** ing pekamaragul a sistema ning pamagaral a makabasi king information technology king Filipinas. Miyayampang yang maleparan a curriculum a sasaklo king komersiyu, computer science, edukasiun, engineering, at, bayu pamu, health care, ining pribadung 
sistemang kolehiyu. Gagamit yang sistemang, salungat king sistemang semestral a sistemang yang tutukian da reng keraklan a kolehiyu ampong unibersidad king Filipinas. Dakal ya sanga king mabilug a Filipinas ing STI, a yang kaduang pekamaragul a institusion ning pamagaral a makabasi king IT king Asia. Kanitang 2002, asali ne ning STI ing mayoria ning De los Santos College, at tetag ne ing DLS-STI College of Health Professions. Tinikdo ne ing DLS-STI Medical Center kanitang 2006.
   
## Sanga
Meyaus yang pekamaragul a suge da reng kolehiyu king Filipinas (*the Philippines' Largest Network of Colleges*) ing STI (Systems Technology Institute) College. Atin yang maigit king dinalan a campus king mabilug a bangsa, at king kareng miyayaliwang dake ning yatu.  

### Keragulang Menila
*Alabang
*Caloocan
*Cubao
*EDSA-Crossing
*Fairview
*Global City
*Las Pinas
*Makati
*Marikina
*Munoz-EDSA
*Novaliches
*Paranaque
*Pasay
*Quezon Avenue
*Recto
*Taft Avenue

### Pangulung Luzon
*Alaminos City
*Angeles
*Baguio
*Balagtas
*Balanga
*Baliuag
*Cabanatuan
*Cauayan
*Dagupan
*Guagua
*Ilagan
*Laoag
*La Union
*Malolos
*Meycauayan
*Olongapo
*San Carlos
*San Fernando, La Union
*San Jose, Nueva Ecija
*Santiago
*Sta. Maria Eagles
*Tarlac
*Tuguegarao
*Urdaneta

### Mauling Luzon
*Bacoor
*Balayan
*Batangas
*Calamba
*Dasmariñas
*Legaspi
*Lipa
*Lucena
*Naga
*Ortigas-Cainta
*Puerto Princesa
*San Pedro 
*Sorsogon
*Tagaytay
*Tanauan
*Tanay
*Rosario
*San Pablo
*Southwoods
*Sta. Cruz
*Sta. Rosa

### Visayas
*Antique
*Bacolod
*Bacolod Annex
*Barotac Viejo
*Calbayog
*Dumaguete
*Iloilo
*Lahug
*Maasin
*Mandaue
*Kalibo
*Ormoc
*Tacloban
*Tagbilaran

### Mindanao
*Butuan
*Cagayan De Oro
*Cotabato
*Davao
*Digos
*Dipolog
*Iligan
*General Santos
*Kidapawan
*Malaybalay
*Marbel
*Ozamis
*Pagadian
*San Francisco
*Surigao
*Tacurong
*Tagum
*Valencia
*Zamboanga

### Internasional
*Indonesia
**Denpasar
**Yogyakarta
*Vietnam

## Dalerayan

## Suglung palual
*Official website
Varosha

Ing **Varosha** (; ) metung yang balayan king e ra kikilalanan a Republika ning Pangulung Cyprus (Republic of Northern Cyprus). Bayu ing pamaniakup da reng Turkes king Cyprus aniang 1974, iti ing makabayu nang lugal a pang-turista ning lakanbalen (ciudad) ning Famagusta. Kareng milabasan a atlung dekada, megi yang balen a melakuan (ghost town).

## Pangabanggit king culturang pangmalda (pop culture)
Mababanggit ya ing balen king librung *[[w:The World Without Us|The World Without Us]]* (St. Martin's Press, 2007) neng Alan Weisman antimong alimbawa ning e tamu apigil a upaya ampong tibe ning kalikasan.

## Lon la murin deti
* w:List of places with fewer than ten residents
* Prypiat, Ukraine

## Suglung palual

* North Cyprus Times: "Maraş - Varosha - Βαρώσια"
* Return to Varosha 
* The Ghost City of Cyprus
Prypiat

Ing **Prypiat ** (; ; ) o **Pripyat**, metung yang lakanbalen a melakuan king Zone of alienation ning pangulung Ukraine, king Kiev Oblast, malapit king angganan ning Belarus. Keti la makatuknang deng magobra king Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. Likuan de ing lakanbalen aniang 1986 kaibat ning kalamidad ning Chernobyl. Maki populasiun yang manga limampulung libu (50,000) bayu ing aksidenti. 

## Dalerayan

## Lon la murin deti
* w:Chernobyl disaster
* w:Zone of alienation
* w:Elena Filatova
* w:Chernobyl compared to other radioactivity releases
* w:Chernobyl disaster effects
* w:Chernobyl Heart
* w:Chernobyl in the popular consciousness
* w:Chernobyl Shelter Fund
* w:Liquidator (Chernobyl)

## Suglung palual

* Pripyat.com  - Site created by former residents
* Kiddofspeed 
* My Journey to Chernobyl: 20 Years After the Disaster  - a photo journal by Mark Resnicoff
* Slide show of a visit to Prypiat and Chernobyl in April 2006 by a German TV team joint by Reserch Center Juelich
* Greenpeace pictures with no text
* Gallery from Prypiat City - opuszczone.com
* Prypiat - Ghost Town II - opuszczone.com
* The Chernobyl Poems of Lyubov Sirota
* Prypiat on Soviet map (1986) 
*  Prypiat in modern and old photos 
* Modern Photos of Prypiat
* 
* Photos of Prypiat and Chernobyl by Alexandr Vikulov
* Photos of Chernobyl and Prypiat by Oscar Mannbro 
* Photos of Prypiat & Chernobyl, August 2007 
* 
*  Pictures from Chernobyl and Pripiat, July 2006 by Hans Fredriksson, Sweden
* BBC article: Wildlife defies Chernobyl radiation By Stephen Mulvey
* Remember Chernobyl project
JPEG 2000

Ing **JPEG 2000** metung yang standard ning pamanyiksik larawan o image compression a basi king wavelet. Lelangan ne ning lupung (committee) a Joint Photographic Experts Group kanitang banuang 2000 king kapakayan nang alilan ya ing orihinal a standard a JPEG (a melalang bandang 1991) a basi king discrete cosine transform. Ing standardized filename extension, **.jp2** ya para king ISO/IEC 15444-1 conforming files, at **.jpx** ya para karing extended part-2 specification, a mibulalag antimong ISO/IEC 15444-2, kabang ing MIME type, **image/jp2** ya.
   
Mangailangan yang misnang karakal a panaun king pamaglako pangasiksik (decompression) kesa king JPEG, at paintulutan na ing mas matas a uring pamanguldas [simpan] (sophisticated progressive downloads), dapot halus pareu ing panaun da para king pamanyiksik (compression rates). Lalu yang pupulâ ing HOEG kuntoru mitatas ing pamiyanting pamaniksik (compression rates), imbes na magpalual kareng "blocking and ringing" artifacts ning JPEG, anian lalung sasákit ing diretsung pamikumpara da reng karelang bilis ning pamanyiksik (compression rate).

Mibulalag ya antimong ISO standard, ISO/IEC 15444-1:2000, ing metung a dake ning JPEG 2000. Aniang banuang 2008, e pa maleparan ing pamangamit da reng web browser king JPEG 2000, ania e pa pangkabilugan ing pamangamit kaniti king  
World Wide Web. 

Lipat ning gínawa nong paralan ba lang ibage deng miyayaliwang uri da ring meta-data, king salukuyan, ala pang matatanggap a paralan ba yang ilangkap (embed) la reng Exif data, dapot atin nang memunikalang JPEG 2000 "**JpgTiffExif->JP2**" UUID box bang manyalikut impormasiun, at papaliari ne ning ExifTool version 6.92 o mas bayu.   

## Lon la murin deti
* w:Comparison of graphics file formats
* w:J2K-Codec — Metung a pisasali rang JPEG2000 decoder a mediseniung malaguang gamitan.
* ECW — metung a wavelet compression format a maliaring pakiyanti king JPEG 2000.
* QuickTime — metung a multimedia framework, application ampong web browser plugin a gewa ning Apple Computer, a maki agyu king encoding, decoding ampong pamanigtig kareng simpan a multimedia(nung nu la tambing kayabe deng larawan a JPEG2000).
* MrSID — metung a wavelet compression format a maliaring pakiyanti king JPEG 2000
* PGF — mabilis a wavelet compression format a maliaring pakiyanti king JPEG 2000
* Ziproxy — Metung a HTTP proxy a maki image recompression (pasibayung pamanyiksik larawan) paras king/manibat king JPEG 2000

## Dalerayan


*Official JPEG 2000 page 
*Final Committee Drafts of JPEG 2000 standard  (as the official JPEG 2000 standard is not freely available, the final drafts are the most accurate freely available documentation about this standard)
*Gormish Notes on JPEG 2000 
*Technical overview of JPEG 2000  (PDF)
*Efficient HW/SW Implementation of JPEG2000 (PDF)

## Suglung palual
*Official JPEG 2000 website 
*All published books about JPEG 2000 
*  Everything you always wanted to know about JPEG 2000   (PDF)

;Pamiyanti king JPEG 2000:
*Side-by side comparison of appearance of 16k JPEG and JPEG 2000 files 
*JPEG and JPEG 2000 Artifacts
Lossless JPEG

Bukud kareng pikabaluan a paralan ning pamanyiksik larawan a lossy (lossy image compression techniques) ning Joint Photographic Experts Group - deng JPEG ampong JPEG 2000 - atin ya muring atlung standard  para king lossless compression (nung nu atin yang uri [mode] a lossy ing JPEG-LS) iti. 

Ing lossless JPEG meyalkus (developed) ya antimong tauling dagdag king JPEG kanitang 1993. Gagamit yang tutung aliwang paralan ketang lossy JPEG standard. Gagamit yang predictive scheme (paralan ning pamanula) iti kareng atlung pekamalapit (causal) a kasiping na (babo o *upper*, kaili o *left*, ampong babong kaili o *upper-left*), at magagamit ing entropy coding ketang prediction error (kamalian king pamanula). E re susuportan deng standard Independent JPEG Group  library, dapot ginawa yang patch i Ken Murchison ning Oceana Matrix Ltd., nung nu tutuglungan ne ing IJG library ba neng asuportan ing Lossless JPEG. Dakal la muring gagamit king Lossless JPEG king pamaglarawan a pang-medisina (medical imaging). Magagamit ya mu naman king DNG ampo kareng aliwang digital camera ba lang isiksik deng e pa meprosesung larawan (raw images), oneng liban kaniti, e maleparan ing pamangamit kaya.

## Suglung palual

*JPEG 2000 still image coding versus other standards 
*JPEG2000, JPEG-LS and other lossless codecs on greyscale images 
*JPEG-LS home page 
*LOCO-I home page
*Licensing terms for HP's LOCO technology in JPEG-LS (free reg. req.; not sublicensable; available only to companies) 
*Links to Various Implementations 
*Single-tone/grayscale JPEG-LS encoder algorithm

## Dalerayan
MPEG-1

Ing **MPEG-1** metung yang minunang standard a lossy a pamanyiksik (compression) ning video ampong audio. Mediseniu ya ba yang isiksik ing VHS-quality raw digital video ampo ing CD audio pababa king (26:1 a compression ration king mumuna ampong 6:1 king kadua)  a alang apapansinan a pangabawas king kalidad na, bang makagawang Video CDs, digital cable/satellite TV ampong digital audio broadcasting (DAB).   

King salukuyan, ing MPEG-1 megi neng matatanggap (compatible) a format para king lossy lossy audio/video king yatu, a magagamit kareng dakal a produktu ampong teknolohiya. Mapaliaring ing MP3 audio format a pepakilala na ing pikabaluan diling dake ning standard a MPEG-1.

Lipat ning maluat ne (kumpara kareng aliwa), e ne man mas matsura o mababang uri kesa kareng mas bayung teknolohiya ing MPEG-1. Agpang kang Leonardo Chiariglione (metung kareng mitátag king MPEG): "Alang katutuan king paniwalang alang patugut a susulung ing teknolohiya ning pamanyiksik." ("the idea that compression technology keeps on improving is a myth.")

Makabulalag (published) ya ing MPEG-1 standard antimong **[[ISO]]/[[IEC]]-11172**.
__TOC__

## Lon la murin deti
*MPEG Ing Moving Picture Experts Group, deng minalkus (developers) ning  MPEG-1 standard
*MP3 Karagdagang (e makaing teknikal) a detalle tungkul king MPEG-1 Layer III audio
*MPEG Multichannel Backwards compatible a 5.1 channel surround sound extension king Layer II audio
*MPEG-2 Ing diretsung kayalili ning MPEG-1 standard

## Dalerayan

## Suglung palual
*Official Web Page of the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) a working group of ISO/IEC 
*MPEG Industry Forum Organization
*[Source Code to Implement MPEG-1](http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/c025029_ISO_IEC_TR_11172-5_1998(E)_Software_Simulation.zip)
MPEG-4 Part 2

Ing **MPEG-4 Part 2** metung yang teknolohiya ning video compression a inalkus (developed) ning MPEG. Kayabe ya king MPEG-4 ISO/IEC standard (ISO/IEC 14496-2). Metung yang standard ning pamanyiksik (compression) a discrete cosine transform, kalupa da reng minunang standard antimo ing MPEG-1 ampo ing MPEG-2. Pamipaliari (implementations) na la niting standard a iti deng mapilan a sikat a codec, antimo ing DivX, Xvid ampo ing Nero Digital. Dapat a tandanan a ing MPEG-4 Part 10 mangabaldugan yang aliwang format king MPEG-4 Part 2, at e dapat pagkamalian kaniti. Keraklan, ausan deng H.264 o AVC ing MPEG-4 Part 10, at miyabe reng inalkus o gewa ning ITU-T ampo ning MPEG.    

## Pikabaluan a pamipaliaring software (Popular software implementations)
* Xvid
* DivX (by DivX, Inc.)
* Nero Digital
* 3ivx
* QuickTime
* libavcodec

## Suglung palual
*Levels for MPEG-4 Visual Profiles

## Notes
H.120

Ing **H.120** ing mumunang standard ning pamag-encode ning digital a video. Inalkus ne ning COST 211, at bilalag ne ning CCITT aniang 1984, at misamasan (revised) ya kanitang 1988. E makaing masanting ing kalidad ning video. Ditak la mu reng pamipaliari (implementation) na niti, at alang codec para king format a iti king salukuyan. Nanupata, dakal ing impormasiun a migbunga kaniti, at megamit iti kareng katuki na, antimo ing H.261.

## Dalerayan



## Suglung palual

*H.120 : Codecs for videoconferencing using primary digital group transmission (ITU)
H.264/MPEG-4 AVC

Ing **H.264** metung yang standard About Aol -quaiOM+jump-bottons-Lang-Link oriented motion-estimationqcomunion th:YaHoo!_y.co.th/manyiksik king video (video compression).  Ausan de muring **MPEG-4&nbsp;Part&nbsp;10**, o **MPEG-4&nbsp;AVC** (Group]] **Advanced Video Coding**). Metung ya kareng pekabayung oriented motion-a gewa ning ITU-T VCEG) kayabe ya ing ISO/IEC Experts (MPEG) antimong produktu ning permmisaup a maki Jump[Video    Group (MPE Joint Video Team (JVT). Ing ITU-T **H.264** standard ampo ing ISO/IEC **[[MPEG-4]]&nbsp;Part&nbsp;10** standard (a maki pormal a lagiung ISO/IEC&nbsp;14496-10) miyayabe rong mamantinian, bang kanita, pareu ing karelang laman a teknikal (technical content About Aol).  Miyari ing final drafting o tauling obra king a-maniulat ning purmerung bersion ning standard kanitang Mayu 2003.
MPEG-2

Ing **MPEG-2** metung yang standard para king generic (alang tatak) a pamag-code da reng pelikula ampo ing impormasiun a audio a makaugne keti ("the generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information".) Lalarawan ne niti ing metung a kombinasiun da reng paralan ning lossy video compression ampong audio compression (audio data compression) a magpaintulut king pamanimpan/pamanyinup ampong pamagparla kareng pelikula kapamilatan ning bandwidth da reng paralan ning pamanyimpan ampng pamagparalang atyu na king salukuyan (currently available storage media and transmission bandwidth).

## Lon la murin deti
* w:MPEG encoding
* w:MPEG transport stream
* w:MPEG-1 Audio Layer II
* w:MPEG-4
* w:MP2, MP3
* AAC
* w:DVD
* w:Theora

## Dalerayan
 

## Suglung palual
* A Beginners Guide for MPEG-2 Standard
* MPEG-2 Overview
* MPEG-2 video compression
* MIT 6.344 – Slides from lectures on video compression at MIT.
* A Discrete Cosine Transform tutorial 
* IPTV MPEG and Quality of Experience Testing 
* OpenIPMP: Open Source DRM Project for MPEG-2
*ISO/IEC 13818 – MPEG-2 at the ISO Store.

-- 14:34, 21 Juniu 2008 (UTC)
Windows Media Video

Ing **Windows Media Video** (**WMV**) metung yang compressed video file format para kareng mapilang proprietary codec a gewa ning Microsoft. Mediseniu ya ing orihinal a codec (a ausan dang *WMV*) para kareng Internet streaming application, anting metung a kakumpitensia king RealVideo. Deta namang aliwang codec (alimbawa ing *WMV Screen* ampo ing *WMV Image*) para karen lang makabukud o partikular a laman. Uli ning kayang  pamipara-pareu (standardization) kapamilatan ning Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE), mepili yang gamitan ing WMV para kareng pisikal a format (physical-delivery formats) anti king HD DVD ampong Blu-ray Disc.

## Dalerayan

## Suglung palwal

*Windows Media Homepage at Microsoft
*Description of the algorithm used for Windows Media encryption 
*WMV HD Content Showcase
*Demonstration of WMV 9 delivering 720p video at 1.8&nbsp;mbit/s ABR 
*Demonstration of WMV 9 delivering 1080p video at 10&nbsp;mbit/s ABR 
*History of Windows Media Player (archived 2009)
QuickTime

Ing **QuickTime** metung yang multimedia framework a inalkus ning Apple Inc., a maki kagiwan a talan kareng miyayaliwang format da ring media clip, katini (sound), sulat (text), kikimut (animation), tigtigan (music) ampng miyayaliwang uri da ring interactive panoramic image. Babie yang maulagang suporta kareng software package anti ing iTunes, QuickTime Player Player (a maliari muring magsilbing helper application para kareng web browser ba lang makapagpagana kareng media file a e maliaring ibusni king aliwang paralan) ampong Safari.   

## Lon la murin deti
* Comparison of media players
* List of media players
* QuickTime Alternative
* QT Lite

## Dalerayan

## Suglung palual

* Official QuickTime site with Download page, older versions, and additional components to extend QuickTime's capabilities
* QuickTime content
* Apple's QuickTime developer site
* From Alice to Ocean (first creative project demonstrating QuickTime 1.0)
Dong Hoi Airport

Ing **Dong Hoi Airport** (**DMIA**), mayayaus mu rin **Cảng hàng không Đồng Hới** , iya ing peka airport a masilbi keng makaleleng Dong Hoi at ning makalapit a Quang Binh king Vietnam.

## Deng Airlines
Deng tutuking airlines a susuyu keng Dong Hoi Airport (agpang Eneru 2008):

* Vietnam Airlines (Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh Lakanbalen)

## Suglung palwal
* Dong Hoi airport put into use
Sorsogon State College

Ing **Sorsogon State College (SSC)**, ing sadiang Sorsogon College of Arts and Trades (SCAT), ing metung kareng pekamatuang trade school king Filipinas. Mitátag ya antimong Sorsogon Trade School kanitang 1907, Kaibat ning walumpulu’t anam (86) a banua, megi yang metung a kolehiyung pang-estadu (state college) kapamilata’ning Leyi ning Republica (Republic Act) No. 
7666, a inapruban nang Presidenti Fidel V. Ramos. Mayayakit ya ing Kolehiyu king Dalang Magsaysay, Sorsogon Lakanbalen (Magsaysay Street, Sorsogon City).    

## Dalerayan
*Republic Act No. 7666, Republic of the Philippines.

## Suglung palual
*Sorsogon State College  Official site.
*Sorsogon State College - Bulan Campus  Website.
Southern Leyte State University

Ing **Southern Leyte State University** (SLSU) metung yang unibersidad a pangmaldang (public university) miyayampang miyayaliwang titulung pang-kolehiyu (college degrees). Ing sadiang Southern Leyte State College of Science and Technology, megi yang unibersidad a pang-estadu kapamilatan ning Republic Act 9261 kanitang Marzu 7, 2004. 

*Deti reng limang campus a bibilug king unibersidad
**Sogod - Main Campus - makatutuk ya kareng kursu king siensia ampong teknolohiya
** Hinunangan - makatutuk ya king negosiung pang-agrikultura (agricultural entrepreneurship) 
** Tomas Oppus - makatutuk ya king pamagsane rang akademiku deng talaturu (teacher education) 
** San Juan - makatutuk ya king komersiu ampong pamanibala (business and administration) 
** Bontoc - makatutuk ya king pamipasulung king pamanasan (fishery development)

## Titulung yampang
### Kursung pang-kolehiyu
*BS Civil Engineering
*BS Electrical Engineering
*BS Mechanical Engineering
*BS Industrial Education
*BS Information Technology
*BS Industrial Technology
*BS Agricultural Entrepreneurship 
*BS Education  

*Bachelor of Arts
*Bachelor of Elementary Education
*Bachelor of Secondary Education
*Bachelor of Science inFisheries
*BS in Office Administration
*BS in Agricultural Technology
*Asso. Information Technology
*Asso. Industrial Technology

### Kursung pang-graduadu
*Master of Arts in Education
*Master in Public Administration
*Master of Arts in Teaching
*Master in Management
*Master in Technology Education

## Suglung palual
*Southern Leyte State University  (Official Site)
*Southern Leyte State University - Sogod Campus 
*Southern Leyte State University - San Juan Campus 
*Southern Leyte State University - Hinunangan Campus 
*Southern Leyte State University - Bontoc Campus 
*Southern Leyte State University - Tomas Oppus Campus
Southern Luzon State University

Ing **Southern Luzon State University** (SLSU), a sadiang ausan dang Southern Luzon Polytechnic College (SLPC), metung yang pipagaralan pangmaldang alang sekta king Balen ning Lucban, lalawigan ning Quezon. Bibilugan de reng pitung kolehiyu: ing College of Allied Medicine [COAM], College of Teacher Education [CTE], College of Engineering [COE], College of Industrial Technology [COIT], College of Arts and Sciences [CAS], College of Business Administration [CBA] ampo ing College of Agriculture [COA]. Atin ya muring pitung satellite campuses king Tagkawayan, Alabat, Polilio, Lucena, Tiaong, ampong Infanta. Atin yang apulung libung (10 000) ining eskuelang pikabaluan king masanting dang resulta kareng iksamin a pamanguang lisensia (licensure examination).

## Suglung palual
* 1. The Official Website of SLSU
Trinity University of Asia

The **Trinity University of Asia**, formerly the **Trinity College of Quezon City**, is an academic institution located in Quezon City, Philippines, and established in 1963. It was raised to university status on July 18, 2006 under its current administrator, Dr. Carlito S. Puno. The University goes by the dictum “dedication to knowing and doing truth.”
Ing **Trinity University of Asia**, a sadiang **Trinity College of Quezon City**, metung yang institusion ning pamagaral a mayayakit king Quezon Lakanbalen, Filipinas, at mitátag kanitang 1963. Megi yang unibersidad kanitang Julio 18, 2006 lalam ning kayang salukuyang talapanibala, i Dr. Carlito S. Puno.
Technological Institute of the Philippines

Ing **Technological Institute of the Philippines** o **"TIP"** metung yang pribadung institusiun ning matas a pipagaralan king Filipinas a pikabaluan kareng larangan ning w:engineering. Tetag de aniang Febrero  8, 1962 ning metung a grupu da reng talaturu a pamuntukan nang Engr. 
Demetrio A. Quirino Jr.. Atin yang aduang campus ing TIP king Keragulang Menila, ing TIP Manila ampo ing TIP Quezon City. 

Suglung palual==
* Technological Institute of the Philippines , official web site
Technological University of the Philippines

Ing **Technological University of the Philippines (TUP)** metung yang unibersidad a pang-estandung bibilugan da reng apat a campus: ing  **TUP-Manila**, ing **TUP-Taguig**, ing **TUP-Cavite**, ampo ing **TUP-Visayas**. Atin ya muring makabukud a dake ing unibersidad, ing Integrated Research and Training Center (Piyagum a Sentru ning Pamanyaliksik ampong Pamagsane). 

## Suglung palual
* TUP Official University website
Tomas del Rosario College

Ing **Tomas del Rosario College** metung yang pribadung kolehiyu king Filipinas.

**Tomas del Rosario Academy** ing sadia nang lagiu. Megi yang kolehiyu aniang 1994. Ibat la king Balanga Lakanbalen ampo reng kasiping a balen deng magaral keti.

## Pikabaluan a miyari

*w:Romi Garduce, talaukiat bunduk (mountaineer)

## Ding daleráyan
University of Asia and the Pacific

Ing **University of Asia and the Pacific** (pamikuyad: **UA&P**) metung yang privadung universidad king Filipinas. Atiyu king J. Escriva Drive king Bgy. Ugong Norte, Ortigas Center, Pasig Lakanbalen ing kayang Ortigas Campus. Bayu ya meging universidad kanitang 1995, **Center for Research and Communication** (CRC) ing lagiu na.

Panibalan ning Opus Dei, metung a Personal Prelature ning Pisambang Catolicu, ing pamagsane nang ispiritual ampong pang-doctrina.

## Suglung palual
* Official Website 
* UAPak.com 

## Notes
Advanced Systems Format

Ing **Advanced Systems Format** (sadiang **Advanced Streaming Format**, **Active Streaming Format**) ing 's proprietary digital audio/digital video container format ning Microsoft, a magagamit lalu na king mediang mamagus (streaming media). Kayabe ya king Windows Media framework o balangkas a Windows Media ing ASF.

## Lon la murin deti
* w:Advanced Stream Redirector (ASX)
* w:Comparison of container formats

## Dalerayan

## Suglung palual
* ASF overview
* MSDN Windows Media Formats
* Library of Congress analysis of ASF format sustainability
* ASF Container Format
* [MSDN How To Embed Windows Media Player in a HTML Web Page (For Webmasters)](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms983653(printer).aspx)
* Creating A Windows Media Custom Experience (For Webmasters)
University of Bohol

Ing **University of Bohol** o  **U.B.** metung yang pribadu, 
alang sekta, ampong w:co-educational a institusion ning matas a pamagaral king Tagbilaran Lakanbalen,Bohol, Filipinas. 

Mitátag ya king lalam ning lagiung Rafael Palma College aniang 1946. Atiyu king Dalang Maria Clara ing sentrung gusali (main building), at malapit la karin deng mapilan a departamentu. Iti ing mumunang universidad king lalawigan ning Bohol.

## Dalerayan
* University of Bohol Website
Tupa

Deng **matunud a tupa** (**domestic sheep** king Ingles) animal lang maki apat a bitis, ruminant ampong mammal a sesesen da reng tau ba rong pakinabangnan. Kalupa da lang paris a taliring bitis (even-toed) deng aliwang ruminant. Mapaliaring menibat la kareng maliap (wild) a mouflon ning Europa ampong Asia deng karaniwan a matunud a tupa.

Ing tupa ing metung kareng minunang diling animal a apatunud ning tau para king agrikultura. Keraklan, sesesen do reti para king karelang bulbul ampo ing karelang karni. Ing bulbul ning tupa o wool ing pekamagamitan king sanumang animal, at keraklan, kukuanan da iti kapamilatan ning pamanurud. Maulaga pa murin ing pamangamit kareng tupa para king karelang bulbul ampong karni; neng kai, magagamit murin ing karelang balat o gatas, at gagamitan da la murin deti king pamanyaliksik at siensia. 

Sesesen do reng tupa kareng alus eganaganang lugal a maki tau, at maulaga ing papil da kareng dakal a sibilisasiun. Ngening panaun tamu, ing Australia, New Zealand, deng bansang Patagonian, ampo ing Britania deng bangsang maralas a miyuyugne king pamanyese kareng tupa.

## Suglung palual

* Sheep! magazine  
* New Zealand Sheepbreeders Association
* Canadian Sheep Federation  
* National Sheep Association (UK)
* 
* American Association of Small Ruminant Practitioners
* Cornell University Sheep Program 
* livingwithsheep.com 

Sese Animal
Capra (genus)

Ing genus a ***Capra*** metung yang genus da reng mammal a bibilugan da reng siam a species, kayabe no reng Ibex, West Caucasian Tur, East Caucasian Tur, Markhor, ampong Maliap a Kambing (Wild Goat). 

Ing animal a ausan dang matunud a kambing (domestic goat, *Capra aegagrus hircus*) metung yang pepatunud a subspecies ning Maliap a Kambing. Deng eganaganang kayabe king genus a *Capra* bovid la (kayabe king familiang Bovidae) ampong caprin o goat antelope (deng kayabe king subfamily Caprinae). Ruminant la murin deti. Apat ya suput o dake ing karelang dungus, a maulaga king pamaglaso king pamangan. Lasawan na niti ing pengan da, potang kai isuka (*regurgitate*) ra at langutan pasibayu, bayu ra yakmul iti bang lasawan pasibayu.  

**Potru** ing aus da king lalaking kambing, **gaindu** ya ing babaing maki anak, at **biseru** ne man ing anak a kambing.

Lipat ning kayang lagiu, e re tuturing a tutung kambing deng sientista ing Rocky Mountain Goat, uling kayabe ya king genus a *[[Oreamnos]]*.

## Dalerayan



## Lon la murin deti

* w:Bill the Goat
* Kambing
* w:Goat Glossary of Terms
* w:Goatstown
* w:The Pet Goat 
* w:Royal antelope
* w:Sheep-goat hybrid
Tagak

Ing **Tagak** keng English a amanu **Great Egret**, o *Ardea alba*, neng misan mayayaus ya naman kareng lagyu keng amanung English bilang ing  **Great White Egret**, **White Heron**, o kaya  **Common Egret**,  metung yang lusung-lusung a tagak, mayaykit kareng mamalimaling (tropical) at maligamgam a dake ning yatu, agiang mayayakit ya king mauling Europa at Asia.  Mayayaus yang **Kōtuku** king New Zealand.  Neng misan mababaligo la keng Great White Heron a atiu Florida, nung nu iti metung yang menaliwa keng Great Blue Heron. 

## Dalerayan

## Aklatan

* *[[The Birds of the Western Palearctic|Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa: The Birds of the Western Palearctic]]*

* 

* *Peterson, Roger T. Peterson Field Guides: Eastern Birds. 4th ed. New York: Houghton Mifflin. 102.*

## Suglung Palual

* The Great White Egret  Image documentation
* Great Egret Information - Cornell Lab of Ornithology
* Great Egret Information and Photos - South Dakota Birds and Birding
* Great Egret Information  - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
* Species Field Guide on Flickr
Maragul a Auk

Ing **Maragul a Auk** o **Great Auk** *Pinguinus impennis*, a sadiang kayabe king genus *[[Razorbill|Alca]]*), metung yang ayup a mewalang laganas aniang libutad ning kalabingsiam a siglu o dilanua (19th century). Ya kabud species ibat king genus *Pinguinus*, nung nu ating kayabeng higanting auk ning dayatmalat a Atlanticu, a kinabie angga king kapanaunan tamu. Ausan de muring  *garefowl* (ibat king Matuang Norse a *geirfugl*, a mangabaldugang "spear-bird" o "ayup a tandus"), o *penguin* (bayu la meyaus king lagiung ita deng ayup a ausan dang makanian ngeni).

Dakal lang dakal deng Maragul a Auk a mayayakit kareng islang malapit king aslagang (eastern) Canada, Iceland, Norway, Ireland ampong Gran Bretania, bayu la megisan uli ning pamangasu. Ukulan da, basi kareng butul a meyakit kareng tambakan king Florida, a pamisan-misan, miraras la angga karin king mauli (south) deng Maragul a Auk angga aniang kalabing apat a siglu o dilanua (14th century) .  

## Dalerayan
### Notes

### Tala da reng libru ampong pikuanan
*  Database entry includes justification for why this species is listed as extinct
* Brodkorb, Pierce (1960): *Great Auk and Common Murre from a Florida Midden*. *[[Auk (journal)|Auk]]* **77**(3): 342-343. PDF fulltext 
*  
* 
* Fuller, Errol (1999): *The Great Auk*. Abrams, New York.
* 
* Greenway, James C., Jr. (1967): Great Auk. *In: Extinct and Vanishing Birds of the World, 2nd edition*: 271-291. Dover, New York. QL676.7.G7
* Haswell-Smith, Hamish (1996). *The Scottish Islands*
* Jordan, Richard H. & Olson, Storrs L. (1982): *First Record of the Great Auk (*Pinguinus impennis*) from Labrador.* *[[Auk (journal)|Auk]]* **99**(1): 167-168. PDF fulltext 
* 
* Livezey, Bradley C. (1988): *Morphometrics of flightlessness in the Alcidae.* *[[Auk (journal)|Auk]]* **105**(4): 681–698. PDF fulltext 
* Luther, Dieter (1996): Riesenalk. *In: Die ausgestorbenen Vögel der Welt, 4th edition (Die neue Brehm-Bücherei *'424**)'': 78-84. Westarp-Wissenschaften, Magdeburg; Spektrum, Heidelberg. ISBN 3-89432-213-6 [in German]
* 
* Moum, Truls; Arnason, Ulfur & Árnason, Einar (2002): ''Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Evolution and Phylogeny of the Atlantic Alcidae, Including the Extinct Great Auk (''Pinguinus impennis'')''. ''Molecular Biology and Evolution'' **19**(9): 1434–1439. [http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/19/9/1434.pdf PDF fulltext]
* 
* Tuck, J. A. (1976): Ancient peoples of Port au Choix: The Excavation of an Archaic Indian Cemetery in Newfoundland. ''Newfoundland Social and Economic Studies'' **17**.
* Weigel, Penelope Hermes (1958): Great Auk Remains from a Florida Shell Midden. ''[[Auk (journal)|Auk]]'' **75'''(2): 215–216. PDF fulltext 

## Suglung palual

* Auk Egg Auction Time Magazine, November 26 1934.
* Great Auk: Audubon fact sheet 
* 3D view  of specimen RMNH 110.104 at Naturalis, Leiden (requires QuickTime browser plugin).
Genus

Ing **genus** (ibat king ; Latin *genus* "lipi, pamilia, uri") metung yang mababang lebel o balitang a  taxonomic rank (ranggu king pamitinduk-tinduk) a magagamit kareng organismung mabie ampong fossil.

Kalupa da reng halus eganaganang taxonomic unit o dake ning pamitinduk-tinduk, maliari lang pitnan deng genus kareng subgenus. Ing species ing pekamaragul a taxonomic unit king lalam ning genus.

Alang patugut a dibati nung makananu yang eksaktung masalan o dinan kabaldugan (*define*) ing genus.    

## Lagiung generic
Ing lagiung generic o generic name dake ning lagiung siyentipiku o scientific name para king metung a organismu o mabibie.  Iti metung yang lagiung sasalamin king klasipikasiun o pamitinduk-tinduk ning organismu kapamilatan ning pamigrupu-grupu da reng mikanlapit pamikakamaganak a organismu. Pane yang Latin ing lagiung generic (a nung wari king lagiu ning tau ya pin ing pilidu), at yang mumuna kareng aduang lagiu king lagiung siyentipiku (itang species ing kadua). Pane yang makasulat a maragul (capitalized) ing mumunang letra ning lagiung generic, kabang e re bitasang susulat a capital ing mumunang letra ning lagiu ning species. Alimbawa, *Canis lupis* ya ing lagiu nang siyentipiku ning lobu (wolf). Ing Canis, a mangabaldugang asu, ing generic name ning lobu, uling canine (kapamilia ning asu) ya ing lobu.    

## Suglung palual
* generic name http://www.biolib.cz/en/glossaryterm/dir283/id2280/
* Nomenclator Zoologicus: Index of all genus and subgenus names in zoological nomenclature from 1758 to 2004.
University of the Cordilleras

Ing **University of the Cordilleras**, a sadiang **Baguio Colleges Foundation (BCF)**, metung yang privadung universidad king Baguio Lakanbalen, Filipinas. Kilala re ing universidad a Sentru ning Pamagaral king Pangulu (*Center of Education in the North*) uling atiu iti king Baguio Lakanbalen, metung a ciudad o lakanbalen king pangulu nang dake ning Filipinas.  Malapit ya king palengki ning lakanbalen ing universidad, ampo king Our Lady of Atonement Church (Baguio Cathedral), ampo reng hotel, restoran, ampong mall.

## Suglung palual
*University of the Cordilleras Official Website

## Dalerayan
Universidad de Manila

Ing **Universidad de Manila** (pamikuyad: **UDM**) metung yang universidad a pangmalda king Menila, Filipinas.

Ing sentrung campus ning UDM, nung nu ya mayayakit ing Gusaling Kapanibalan (Administration Building) ning w:Division of City Schools-Manila, atiu king libutad ning Mehan Garden kasiping ning Aklatan ning Lakanbalen ning Menila (Manila City Library) ampo ing Light Rail Transit (LRT) *Central Terminal*. Bukud king sentrung campus, atin yang sanga o satellite center kareng miayaliwang dake ning Menila ing UDM anti king Escolta, Recto, Del Pan, San Andres, Dapitan ampong Tayuman.

## Dalerayan




## Karagdagang babasan
* Newspaper articles and supplements
** Antonio, Raymund F. City College of Manila Renamed Universidad.  *The Manila Bulletin*. June 2006
** Marshalling Resources For a City’s Development . *Malaya Online Newspaper*. June 30, 2005.
** Sports talks ready for MY Games Nat’l . *The Manila Times Internet Edition*. October 10, 2006.