ਅਰਬ ਬਹਾਰ

**ਅਰਬ ਬਹਾਰ**(, , ) ਅਰਬ ਜਗਤ ਵਿੱਚ 18 ਦਸੰਬਰ 2010 ਨੂੰ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਹੋਣ ਵਾਲ਼ੀ ਧਰਨਿਆਂ, ਮੁਜ਼ਾਹਰਿਆਂ (ਅਹਿੰਸਕ ਅਤੇ ਹਿੰਸਕ ਦੋਵੇਂ), ਦੰਗਿਆਂ ਅਤੇ ਖਾਨਾਜੰਗੀ ਵਾਲ਼ੀ ਇਨਕਲਾਬੀ ਲਹਿਰ ਲਈ ਇੱਕ ਮੀਡੀਆ ਇਸਤਲਾਹ ਹੈ। ਹੁਣ ਤੱਕ ਤੁਨੀਸੀਆ, ਮਿਸਰ (ਦੋ ਵਾਰ), ਲੀਬੀਆ, ਅਤੇ ਯਮਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਤਖ਼ਤਾ ਪਲਟੀ; ਬਹਿਰੀਨ ਅਤੇ ਸੀਰੀਆ ਵਿੱਚ ਖਾਨਾ ਜੰਗੀ; ਅਲਜੀਰੀਆ, ਇਰਾਕ, ਜਾਰਡਨ, ਕੁਵੈਤ, ਮੋਰਾਕੋ, ਅਤੇ ਸੁਡਾਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਵੱਡੇ ਪੱਧਰ 'ਤੇ ਰੋਸ-ਮੁਜ਼ਾਹਰੇ; ਅਤੇ ਮੌਰੀਤਾਨੀਆ, ਓਮਾਨ, ਸਾਊਦੀ ਅਰਬ, ਜਿਬੂਤੀ, ਅਤੇ ਪੱਛਮੀ ਸਹਾਰਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਛੋਟੇ ਪੱਧਰ 'ਤੇ ਰੋਸ ਮੁਜ਼ਾਹਰੇ ਹੋ ਚੁੱਕੇ ਹਨ।

## ਹੋਰ ਪੜ੍ਹੋ
* Aa. Vv. (2011), The New Arab Revolt: What Happened, What It Means, and What Comes Next, Council on Foreign Relations, Foreign Affairs, Maggio-Giugno.
* Abaza, M. (2011), Revolutionary Moments in Tahrir Square, American University of Cairo, 7 May 2011, www.isa-sociology.org.
* Abdih, Y. (2011), Arab Spring: Closing the Jobs Gap. High youth unemloyment contributes to widespread unrest in the Middle East Finance & Development, in Finance & Development (International Monetary Fund), Giugno.
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* Beinin, J. – Vairel, F. (2011), (a cura di), Social Movements, Mobilization, and Contestation in the Middle East and North Africa, Stanford, CA, Stanford University press.
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* Cohen, R. (2011), A Republic Called Tahrir, in New York Times.
* Dabashi, Hamid. *The Arab Spring: The End of Postcolonialism* (Palgrave Macmillan; 2012) 182 pages
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* Gause, F. G. (2011), Why Middle East Studies Missed the Arab Spring: The Myth of Authoritarian Stability, in Foreign Affairs, July/August.
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* Lutterbeck, Derek. (2013). Arab Uprisings, Armed Forces, and Civil-Military Relations. Armed Forces & Society, Vol. 39, No. 1 (pp.&nbsp;28–52)
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* United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Subcommittee on International Operations and Organizations, Human Rights, Democracy, and Global Women's Issues. (2012). ''Women and the Arab Spring: Joint Hearing before the Subcommittee on International Operations and Organizations, Human Rights, Democracy, and Global Women's Issues and the Subcommittee on Near Eastern and South and Central Asian Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, First Session, November 2, 2011.* Washington, D.C.: U.S. G.P.O.

## ਬਾਹਰੀ ਕੜੀਆਂ
* Right to Nonviolence 
* United States Institute of Peace 
* Civil Movements: The Impact of Facebook and Twitter
* Middle East Constitutional Forum
;Live blogs
* Middle East at *Al Jazeera*
* Middle East protests at *BBC News*
* Arab and Middle East protests live blog at *The Guardian*
* Middle East Protests at *The Lede* blog at *The New York Times*
* Middle East protests live  at *Reuters*
;Ongoing coverage
* A (Working) Academic Arab Spring Reading List collected *peer-reviewed* academic articles on the impact of *social media* on the Arab Spring
* Constitutional Transitions Timeline Collected legal and political changes and short analysis at Middle East Constitutional Forum
* Unrest in the Arab World  collected news and commentary at Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
* Issue Guide: Arab World Protests, Council on Foreign Relations
* Middle East protests collected news and commentary at *The Financial Times*
* Unrest in the Arab World  collected map, news and commentary at *CNN*
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* Rage on the Streets collected news and commentary at *Hurriyet Daily News and Economic Review*
* Middle East Unrest collected news and commentary at *The National*
* Middle East Uprisings  collected news and commentary at *Showdown in the Middle East* website
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* The Middle East in Revolt  collected news and commentary at *Time*
;Scholarship
*Donald J. Kochan, *You Say You Want a (Nonviolent) Revolution, Well Then What? Translating Western Thought, Strategic Ideological Cooptation, and Institution Building for Freedom for Governments Emerging Out of Peaceful Chaos'', 114  897 (2012). 
;Other
* The Arab Spring—One Year Later: The CenSEI Report analyzes how 2011's clamor for democratic reform met 2012's need to sustain its momentum. *The CenSEI Report*, 13 February 2012
* Interface journal special issue on the Arab Spring, *Interface: a journal for and about social movements*, May 2012
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* Sadek J. Al Azm, "The Arab Spring: Why Exactly at this Time?" Reason Papers 33 (Fall 2011)
* Tracking the wave of protests with statistics, *RevolutionTrends.org*
* Arab uprisings: 10 key moments from BBC Middle East Editor Jeremy Bowden (10 December 2012)

## ਹਵਾਲੇ