Gursum (aanaa)

**Aanaan Gursum** godina Harargee Bahaa kessatti argamti. Aanaan kun ballina 967.3 km2 kan qabdu yoo ta'u kaaba godinichaatti argamti. Aanaan Gursum aanaa Jaarsoo, aanaa Baabbilee, mootummaa naannoo Hararii fi mootummaa naannoo Sumaaletiin marfamtee argamti. Bulchiinsi aanaa kanaa magaalaa Funyaan Bira keessa jira.  

Aanaan Gursum lafa ol ka'aa fi gad bu'aa of keessaa qabdi. Ol ka'iinsa lafaatin, aanan kun 1200m fi 2950m gidduu jirti; tulluuwwan gurguddoo keessaa Qundudoo (2950m), Madaro (2500m), Ilalami (2131m), Funyaan Juu (2200m), fi Funyaan Caalii (2100m) ti.   

Gursum yaa'a laga Waabii Shabalee keessatti argamti; laggeen ganna yaa'an kan akka Hariiroo, Gooroo Obolee, Ejerti, Agamsa fi kkf aanaa kana keessaa yaa'aanii laga Waabii Shabaleetti nammu. Haala qillensatiin, baddaan 15%, badda-dareen (35%) fi gammoojjiin 50% ta'a. Biyyoon baayyinaan aanaa kana keessa jiru Vetric Cambisols, Vertic Luvisols, Eutric Fluvisols, Lithosols fi Eutric Regosols dha. Mukkeen akka gaattiraa, laaftoo, miciree, fi bosona namoonni dhaabantu aanaa kana keessa jira. Bosonni aanaa kana keessa jiru mootummaadhaan eeggumsi godhamaafi jira. Bineensonni bosonaa kan akka waraabessaa, kuruphee, jaldeessa, fi karkarroo aanaa kana keessatti ni argamu.   

### Baayyina Ummata
Akka lakkoofsaa bara 2005tti, aanaan kun ummata 211,593 kan qabdu yoo ta'u, kana keessaa 105,509 dhiira yoo ta'an 106,084 ammoo dubartoota. Ummata aanaa kana keessaa 15,478 (7.31%) jiraattota magaalaa yoo ta'an kun immoo avireejjii godinichaa 6.9% wajjin walitti dhiyaata. Gursum tuuta'insa uummataa 241.4 kan qabdu yoo ta'u kun immoo tuuta'insa uummataa kan godinichaa 102.6 ta'e irra guddaa dha. Baayyinni maatii giddu galeessaan kan baadiyyaa 5.8 yoo ta'u kan magaalaa ammoo 4.3 ta'a.

## Diinagdee

### Qonna
In 1996, about 15.7%, 8.9%, 13.2% and 22.4% of the district's total area were arable, pasture, forest and built-up areas respectively, while the remaining was attributed to degraded and other areas. There were 36 Farmers' Associations and one Services Cooperative with 25, 757 (2577 females) and 1336 (121 females) member farmers respectively. Average number of farm plots and farm oxen holding sizes per farmer household were 2.4 and 0.9 respectively. About 30% of the farmers were without farm ox. Maize, sorghum, haricot bean, barley and wheat are the dominant crops in the district. Application of manure, fertilizers, crop rotation and short fallowing methods are exercised to maintain soil fertility. About 1389 quintals of fertilizers (Urea was 702.5 quintals), 112 quintals of improved seed, 169 liters and 117 kg pesticides and 85 liters of herbicides were distributed to the farmers in the district. Stalk borer, army worm, birds, rodent, monkey, warthog, weevils and crickets are major crop pests. There were 68,408 cattle, 23,785 goats, 10569 sheep, 6,807 assess, 5,164 camels and 22,283 poultry in Gursum district. Widely prevalent livestock diseases are blackleg, anthrax, pasturelosis and orf disease. About 41277 and 29167 livestock were vaccinated and treated against different diseases respectively. 

### Albuuda Baasuu fi Industirii
The availability of feldspar, quartz, mineral water and garnet deposits are known in the district, but except dolomite and granite quarries, modern mining activity of any mineral was not started yet. As to industry, only 10 flourmills and one blocket factory were available in the indicated year. They provided employment opportunities for 44 persons. 

### Daldalaa fi Turizimii
There were 314 licensed business organizations (wholesalers, retailers and service renders) in the district. Groundnut, coffee and chat are the major local cash crops. Well known income generating tourist attractions sites were not available in Gursum. 

### Tajaajila
The district had 75 km gravel and 30 km dry weather roads, a semi-automatic telephone and regular post office. About 4.2% of the rural and 21.2% of the urban populations were supplied with potable water. Springs, wells, ponds and rivers are major sources of drinking water for about 95.8% of the district's total population. Hydro electric light and 3 fuel stations were available at Fugnan-Bira town. Firewood, charcoal, animals dung and agri-wastes are major sources of domestic energy supply in the district. Gursum district had one kindergarten (non-government), 26 elementary, 2 junior and one senior schools, holding 6,569 students 1,752 females) and 240 teaching staffs (75 females) in the indicated year. About 24.4% of the total enrolled students had left the school before the end of academic year. Students' participation rates in elementary and junior secondary schools were 19.8% and 6.0% respectively. Similarly, a health center, 4 clinics and a rural drug vendor with 2 doctors, 5 nurses, a lab technician, 27 health assistants and 12 beds, a veterinary clinic with 7 veterinary personnel and a Commercial Bank were available in the district.