Autoipnòsi

L'autoipnòsi (per oposicion a l'eteroipnòsi) es una forma, un procediment o lo resultat d'un estat ipnotic autoindusit.

Sovent, l'autoipnòsi es utilizada coma mejan de melhorar l'eficacitat de l'autosuggestion; e, dins de tals cases, lo subjècte "jòga lo doble ròtle de suggeridor e de suggerit".

La natura de la practica autosuggestiva pòt èsser, a un extrèm, "*concentrativa*", dins la quala "tota l'atencion es tan totalament concentrada sus (los mots de la formula autosuggestiva, per exemple "Cada jorn, de totas las faiçons, soi de mièlhs en mièlhs") que tota la rèsta es gardada fòra de la consciéncia" e, d'autra part, "*inclusiu*", dins lo qual los subjèctes "daissan totas menas de pensadas, emocions, sovenirs e autres derivar dins lor consciéncia".

## Utilizacions
L'autoipnòsi es largament utilizada dins l'ipnoterapia modèrna. Pòt prene la forma d'una ipnòsi realizada pel mejan d'una rotina apresa.

L'ipnòsi pòt ajudar a gerir la dolor, l'ànsia, la depression, los trebols del sòm, obesitat, asma, e las afeccions cutanèas. Quand aquela practica es mestrejada, pòt melhorar la concentracion, la memorizacion, la resolucion de problèmas, solaçar los mals de cap e quitament melhorar lo contraròtle de las emocions.

## Etapas correntament utilizadas per l'autoipnòsi
L'autoipnòsi necessita quatre etapas distintas.
#***Motivacion***. Sens motivacion adeqüata, serà plan dificil per un individú de practicar l'autoipnòsi.
#***Relaxacion***. L'individú deu èsser completament destibat e se deu reservar del temps per complir aquel acte. En mai, las distraccions devon èsser eliminadas perque una atencion totala fa besonh.
#***Concentracion***. L'individú se deu concentrar completament a mesura que de progrèsses son realizats cada còp que l'esperit se concentra sus un sol imatge.
#***Direccion***. S'agís d'una opcion utilizada unicament quand l'individú desira trabalhar sus un objectiu especific. L'individú deu concentrar sa concentracion sus la visualizacion del resultat desirat.

## Veire tanben
*Autosuggestion

*Meditacion guidada

## Nòtas e referéncias
### Bibliografia
* Alman, B.M. & Lambrou, P., *Self-Hypnosis: The Complete Manual for Health and Self-Change (Second Edition)*, Souvenir Press, (London), 1983.
* Araoz, D.L., "Negative Self-Hypnosis", *Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy*, Vol.12, No.1, (Spring/Summer 1981), pp.&nbsp;45–52.
* Atkinson, W.W., ''Suggestion and Autosuggestion'', The Progress Company, (Chicago), 1909.
* 
* Barber, T.X., "Changing “Unchangeable” Bodily Processes by (Hypnotic) Suggestions: A New Look at Hypnosis, Cognitions, Imagining, and the Mind-Body Problem", pp.&nbsp;69–127 in A.A. Sheikh (ed.), *Imagination and Healing*, Baywood Publishing Company (Farmingdale), 1984.
* Baudouin, C. (Paul, E & Paul, C. trans.), ''Suggestion and Autosuggestion: A Psychological and Pedagogical Study Based on the Investigations made by the New Nancy School'', George Allen & Unwin, (London), 1920.
* 
* Braid, J., ''Neurypnology or the Rationale of Nervous Sleep Considered in Relation with Animal Magnetism Illustrated by Numerous Cases of its Successful Application in the Relief and Cure of Disease'', John Churchill, (London), 1843.
****N.B.** Braid's *Errata*, detailing a number of important corrections that need to be made to the foregoing text, is on the un-numbered page following p.265.
* Braid, J., ''Observations on Trance; or, Human Hybernation'', John Churchill, (London), 1850.
* Carpenter, W.B., "On the Influence of Suggestion in Modifying and directing Muscular Movement, independently of Volition", ''Royal Institution of Great Britain, (Proceedings), 1852'', (12 March 1852), pp.&nbsp;147–153. 
* Coué, E., & Orton, J.L., *Conscious Auto-Suggestion*, T. Fisher Unwin Limited, (London), 1924.
* Fromm, E. & Kahn, S., *Self-hypnosis: The Chicago Paradigm*, The Guilford Press, (New York), 1990. 
* 
* Gravitz, M.A., "The First Use of Self-Hypnosis: Mesmer Mesmerizes Mesmer", *American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis*, Vol.37, No.1, (July 1994), pp.&nbsp;49–52.
* Hartland, J., "The Value of “Ego-Strengthening” Procedures Prior to Direct Symptom-Removal Under Hypnosis", *American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis*, Vol.8, No.2, (October 1965), pp.&nbsp;89–93.
* Hartland, J., "The General Principles of Suggestion", *The American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis*, Vol.9, No.3, January 1967, pp.&nbsp;211–219.
* Hartland, J. (1971a), "The Approach to Hypnotherapy — “Permissive” or Otherwise?", *American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis*, Vol.13, No.3, (January 1971), pp.153-154.
* Hartland, J. (1971b), "Further Observations on the Use of “Ego-Strengthening” Techniques", *American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis*, Vol.14, No.1, (July 1971), pp.&nbsp;1–8.
* Hartland, J., "The General Principles and Construction of Therapeutic Suggestion", *Terpnos Logos, the Australian Journal of Medical Sophrology and Hypnotherapy*, Vol.2, No.3, August 1974, pp.&nbsp;26–32.
* 
* Hollander, B., *Methods and Uses of Hypnosis & Self-Hypnosis: A Treatise on the Powers of the Subconscious Mind*, George Allen & Unwin, (London), 1928.
* Johnson, L.S., "Self-Hypnosis: Behavioral And Phenomenological Comparisons With Heterohypnosis", *International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis*, Vol.27, No.3, (1979), pp.&nbsp;240–264.
* Johnson, L.S., "Current Research in Self-Hypnotic Phenomenology: The Chicago Paradigm", *International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis*, Vol.29, No.3, (1981), pp.&nbsp;247–258.
* Johnson, L.S., Dawson, S.L., Clark, J.L. & Sikorsky, C., "Self-Hypnosis Versus Heterohypnosis: Order Effects And Sex Differences In Behavioral And Experiential Impact", *International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis*, Vol.31, No.3, (1983), pp.&nbsp;139–154.
* Johnson, L.S. & Weight, D.G., "Self-hypnosis Versus Heterohypnosis: Experiential and Behavioral Comparisons", *Journal of Abnormal Psychology*, Vol.85, No.5, (1976), pp.&nbsp;523–526.
* 
* 
* Killeen, P.R. & Nash , M.R., "The Four Causes of Hypnosis", ''International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis'', Vol.51, No.3, (July 2003), pp.195-231. 
* Kohen, D.P., Mahowald, M.W. & Rosen, G.M., "Sleep-Terror Disorder in Children: The Role of Self-Hypnosis in Management", *American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis*, Vol.34, No.4, (April 1992), pp.&nbsp;233–244.
* Lang, E.V., Joyce, J.S., Spiegel, D., Hamilton, D. & Lee, K.K., "Self-Hypnotic Relaxation During Interventional Radiological Procedures: Effects on Pain Perception and Intravenous Drug Use", *International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis*, Vol.44, No.2, (April 1996), pp.&nbsp;106–119.
* 
* Madrid, A., Rostel, G., Pennington, D. & Murphy, D., "Subjective Assessment of Allergy Relief Following Group Hypnosis and Self-Hypnosis: A Preliminary Study", *American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis*, Vol.38, No.2, (October 1995), pp.&nbsp;80–86.
* Meares, A., "Vivid Visualization and Dim Visual Awareness in the Regression of Cancer in Meditation", *Journal of the American Society of Psychosomatic Dentistry and Medicine*, Vol.25, No.3, (1978), pp.&nbsp;85–88.
* 
* 
* Pally, R., "The Predicting Brain: Unconscious Repetition, Conscious Reflection and Therapeutic Change", ''The International Journal of Psychoanalysis'', Vol.88, No.4, (August 2007), pp.861-881. 
* 
* 
* Paulhus, D.L. (1993). Bypassing the Will: The Automatization of Affirmations, in D.M. Wegner & J.W. Pennebaker (Eds.), ''Handbook of Mental Control'' (pp.573-587). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
* Pekala, R.J., Maurer, R., Kumar, V.K., Elliott, N.C., Maston, E., Moon, E. & Salinger, M., "Self-Hypnosis Relapse Prevention Training with Chronic Drug/Alcohol Users: Effects on Self-Esteem, Affect, and Relapse", *American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis*, Vol.46, No.4, (April 2004), pp.&nbsp;281–297.
* Rausch, V., "Cholecystectomy with Self-Hypnosis", *American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis*, Vol.22, No.3, (January 1980), pp.&nbsp;124–129.
* Ruch, J.C., "Self-Hypnosis: The Result Of Heterohypnosis Or Vice Versa?", *International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis*, Vol.23, No.4, (1975), pp.&nbsp;282–304.
* 
* Shaw, H.L., "Hypnosis And Drama: A Note On A Novel Use Of Self-Hypnosis", *International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis*, Vol.26, No.3, (1978), pp.&nbsp;154–157.
* Simonton, O.C. & Simonton S.S., "Belief Systems and Management of the Emotional Aspects of Malignancy, ''The Journal of Transpersonal Psychology'', Vol.7, No.1, (January 1975), pp.29-47. 
* Singer, J.L. & Pope, K.S., "Daydreaming And Imagery Skills As Predisposing Capacities For Self-Hypnosis", *International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis*, Vol.29, No.3, (1981), pp.&nbsp;271–281.
* Soskis, D.A., *Teaching Self-Hypnosis: An Introductory Guide for Clinicians*, W.W. Norton & Co., (New York), 1986.
* Sparks, L., *Self-Hypnosis: A Conditioned-Response Technique*, Grune & Stratton, (New York), 1962.
* Spence, C., ''Hypnotherapy can subconsciously suggest changes to the circadian sleep patterns which govern our sleep and wake patterns.'' 
* Spiegel, D. & Chase, R.A., "The treatment of contractures of the hand using self-hypnosis", *Journal of Hand Surgery*, Vol.5, No.5, (September 1980), pp.&nbsp;428–432.
* Spiegel, H., "A Single-Treatment Method to Stop Smoking Using Ancillary Self-Hypnosis", *The International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis*, Vol.18, No.4, (October 1970), pp.&nbsp;235–269.
* Straus, R.A., *Strategic Self-Hypnosis (Revised Edition)*, Prentice Hall, (New York), 1988.
* Straus, R.A., *Creative Self-Hypnosis*, Prentice Hall, (New York), 1989.
* Wark, D.M., "Teaching college students better learning skills using self-hypnosis", *American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis*, Vol.38, No.4, (April 1996), pp.&nbsp;277–287.
* Yeates, L.B., "The "MORE TEST": A Mechanism for Increasing the Efficiency of Suggestion", ''Australian Journal of Clinical Hypnotherapy & Hypnosis'', Vol.23, No.1, (March 2002), pp.1-17.
* Yeates, L.B., ''James Braid: Surgeon, Gentleman Scientist, and Hypnotist'', Ph.D. Dissertation, School of History and Philosophy of Science, Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences, University of New South Wales, January 2013.
* Yeates, L.B. (2014a), "Hartland’s Legacy (I): The Ego-Strengthening Procedure", ''Australian Journal of Clinical Hypnotherapy & Hypnosis'', Vol.36, No.1, (Autumn 2014), pp.4-18.
* Yeates, L.B. (2014b), "Hartland’s Legacy (II): The Ego-Strengthening Monologue", ''Australian Journal of Clinical Hypnotherapy & Hypnosis'', Vol.36, No.1, (Autumn 2014), pp.19-36.
* Yeates, L.B. (2016a), "Émile Coué and his ''Method'' (I): The Chemist of Thought and Human Action", ''Australian Journal of Clinical Hypnotherapy & Hypnosis'', Volume 38, No.1, (Autumn 2016), pp.3-27. 
* Yeates, L.B. (2016b), "Émile Coué and his ''Method'' (II): Hypnotism, Suggestion, Ego-Strengthening, and Autosuggestion", ''Australian Journal of Clinical Hypnotherapy & Hypnosis'', Volume 38, No.1, (Autumn 2016), pp.28-54. 
* Yeates, L.B. (2016c), "Émile Coué and his ''Method'' (III): Every Day in Every Way", ''Australian Journal of Clinical Hypnotherapy & Hypnosis'', Volume 38, No.1, (Autumn 2016), pp.55-79. 
* Young, P., *Personal Change Through Self-Hypnosis*, Vivid Publishing, (Fremantle), 2016. 
### Nòtas

### Referéncias