Marquesat de Saluças

|-
| Superfícia
| aperaquí 6000 km²
|-
| Capitala
| Saluças
|-
| Moneda anciana
| Cavallotto, soldo, cornuto, testone
|-
| Moneda actuala
| Èuro
|-
|}
Lo **Marquesat de Saluças** (en italian: *Marchesato di Saluzzo*) es un ancian estat situat al Levant de las Aups, dins lo Piemont actual. Sa màger part, al ponent, es dins las Valadas Occitanas. La capitala dau país es Saluças. 
Fondat al sègle XII, foguèt annexat per França en 1549 puèi escambiat contra Bressa amb l'estat savoienc en 1601. Foguèt integrat dins lo principat de Piemont. Saluças e Carmanhòla venguèron chaplòcs provincials.

## Geografia

Al mai grand, lo marquesat caupiá las Valadas occitanas entre Pò (mai al nòrd) e Estura (mai al Sud), un bocin de la plana a ponent (del Cardet a Coni) e d'exclavas mai luènh dins Piemont (Carmanhòla, Centalle) e las Langas.

Al moment de sa disparicion, compreniá:
* val de Pò: Saluças, Envie, Revèl, Martinhana, Rifred, Gambasca, Sant Frònt, Paisana, Oncin, Ostana e Criçòl
* val de Bronda: Castelar, Panh e Brondèl
* Salucés: Caors, La Manta, Verzòl, Vilanoveta e Costeòles
* val Varacha: Venascha, Brossasc, Valmala, Lo Mèl, Isascha, Fraisse e Sant Pèire
* val Maira: Draonier, Lo Vilar, Cartinhan, Sant Damian, Lòtol, Palhier, Cèlas, Palhieras, Elva, L'Arma, Estròp, Sant Michel, La Màrmol, Ussòl, Prats, Acelh
* val Grana: Montomal, Valgrana, Montrós, Pradlievi, Chastelmanh
e las exclavas:
* Carmanhòla, Ternavasio, Isola Bella e Valfenaira
* Çantal
* Bausser
* Langas: Dolhan, Bonvesin, Bervei, Mombarchero, Rodin, Cissone, La Marsalha, Lequio Berria, Castilhon de Falet

Lo marquesat de Buscha ne fasiá part entrò 1361 que foguèt cedit a Piemont: Buscha, Tarantasca...

### Comunas e fraccions

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## Istòria

L'istòria comença amb Manfred Ier (mòrt en 1175), filh de Bonifaci del Vast e eretièr amb lo fraire Guilhèm de Buscha d'una partida dels vastes domenis pairals situats entre Pò, los Alps e Estura. En eliminant progressivament los senhors locals, espandís son autoritat sus un territòri unificat, emai pro entrevescat amb lo marquesat de Buscha. Lo primièr a portar lo títol de marqués de Saluças foguèt Manfred II (1175-1215), filh d'aquel Manfred. Jos Manfred III (1215-44), lo marquesat de Saluças es parcialament vassal de Savòia. Tomàs I (1244-96) annèxa la comuna e lo districte de Coni e la Valle d’Estura a son Estat, de tal biais qu'a la fin del sègle 13en lo marquesat constituís un ensemble pro compacte, amb las vals d'Estura, de Mellea, de Maira e de Pò, emai lo planòl que davala dels Alps Cotians fins a Carmanhòla, al mièg dels domenis de Savòia. Lo marquesat a agut una vida plan trebolada jos Manfred IV (1296-1334, 1336-1342), Frederic I (1334-36) e Tomàs II (1342-57), a l'encòp per las agressions de l'exterior e per la discòrdia intèrna suscitada per l'ambicion de Manfred del Cardet, filh del segond lièch de Manfred IV.

Enrodat pels Estats de Savòia e preissat cap a l'Oèst per Daufinat, valent a dire França, lo marquesat de Saluças, per se salvar l’independéncia, s'es degut apiejar en alternança sus los unes e los autres, en aprofiechant lors desacòrdis. Los marqueses de Saluces an recebut lo sosten dels Visconti e del Monferrat, e an pas refusat de far omenatge als poderoses vesins. An atal pogut demorar independents. Jos Tomàs III (1396-1416), lo marquesat, e en particular la capitala, a conegut un periòde de florison culturala. Son successor Loís I (1416-1975) a obtengut de duc de Savòia lo títol de lòctenent del ducat (1444) e del rei de França, li es estat ofèrt lo governament de Gènoa (1458). Loís II (1475-1504), aspirant a la succession a Monferrat, s'es retrobat a se batre amb Carles I de Savòia, qu'en 1487 ocupèt Saluças e una partida granda del marquesat. A sa mòrt, Loís se’n poguèt tornar dins son estat, se gardant totjorn del costat dels reis de França, Carles VIII e Loís XII. A la debuta del sègle XVI,  lo marquesat de Saluças se perdèt Coni e la Val d'Estura, passats jos la dominacion de Savòia, e d'autras tèrras vengudas entre las mans dels princes d'Acaia. Se trobèt redusit a las Vals de Pò, de Varaita , de Maira, de Grana e de Bronda. Jos Michel Antòni (1504-28), ainat de Loís II, lo marquesat, per sa politica d'amistat de cap a França, patiguèt las consequéncias de las desfachas francesas en Itàlia, en 1513, en 1522 e 1523. Los fraires Francés e Joan Loís, filhs de Loís II, se sotmetèron a Francés I de França coma dalfin de Vianés.

Fins a 1548, lo rei de França contunhèt d'autrejar als mainatges de Loís II (Francés, Joan Loís, Gabrièl) l'autoritat sul marquesat. Mas lo 1èr d'agost de la meteissa annada, las municipalitats del marquesat convocadas pels cònsols màgers de S. al Parlament convidèron Enric II rei de França a annexar lo marqursat, que foguèt unit l'annada seguenta a Daufinat. En 1588, Carles Amanieu ocupa las tèrras del marquesat. Las doas temptativas fachas pel duc de Lesdiguièras (1592 e 1594) an pas tornat lo marquesat a França. A la patz de Vervins (1598), es estat convengut que lo duc de Savòia contunhava d’ocupar aquelas tèrras fins al reglament de l'afar, qu'es estat delegat a «l'arbitratge del pontif». La question foguèt reglada per la patz de Lion (1601), que lo duc de Savòia escambièt Bressa, Bugey, Gex e Valromey contra lo marquesat.

De notar que l'ostau de Saluças aviá d'autras brancas que durèron mai de temps: Verçòl, Paisana, Montrós, Lo Cardet, Dogliano, La Manta, Lequio.

{{refo}