John Chilembwe

**Mbusa John Chilembwe** (1886-3 Febuluale 1915) anali mbusa wa mpingo wa chi Baptist ndi mphunzitso ndipo anali m'modzi wa anthu oyamba amene anasutsana ndi boma la chitsamunda mu dziko la Nyasaland, lomwe masikuano limatchedwa Malawi. Masiku ano John Chilembwe amakumbukilidwa ngati wofunikira ku ufulu was dzikoli ndipo dziko la Malawi limamukumbukira chaka chili chonse pa 15 January.

Chilembwe ankapemphera ku Church of Scotland kuyambira cha m'ma 1890. Mu 1892, anayamba kugwira ntchito ku nyumba ya a Joseph Booth, mbusa was chi Baptist. Booth ankatsutsana ndi a mpingo wa Scottish Presbyterian ku Nyasaland, kumene Chilembwe anaphunzira ndipo anayambitsa mpingo wa Zambezi Industrial Mission. Ziphunzitso za a John Booth zinkatsindika za kufanana kwa anthu onse, omwe anali maganizo achilendo pa nthawi ya maboma a chitsamunda ku Africa.

Mu 1897, Chilembwe anapita ndi a Booth ku Lynchburg, VIrginia mu dziko la United States kumene anakaphunzira ku Virginia Theological College, imene nali sukulu ya ukachenjede yaing'ono ya anthu akuda a ku America. Kumeneku Chilembwe anadziwa zolemba za a John Brown, Booker T Washington ndi anthu ena amene anapangitsa kuti mchitidwe wa ukapolo uthe. Chilembwe anabwelera ku Nyasaland mu 1900 ngati mbusa wodzodzedwa wa mpingo wa Baptist. Iye ankagwira ntchitondi gulu la American National Baptist Convention, ndipo anayambitsa Providence Industrial Mission, kumene kukayamba ma sukulu asanu ndi awiri amene pofika 1912 anali ndi ana asukulu 1000 ndi ophunzira achikulire 800. Iye anayesetsa kuphunzutsa khalidwe lolimbikila ntchito, kudzilemekeza wekha munthu komanso kudzithandiza kwa anthu a mu dera lake.

Mu 1913, kunali njala yomwe inazunza anthu ambiri ndipo anthuu ochokera ku Mozambique anabwera ku Nyasaland. Chilembwe anakwiya kwambiri ndi m'mene anthu a mu mpingo wake ndi othawa njala a ku Mozambique wo ankazunzidwira ndi azungu amene anali ndi minda ikuluikulu. Anthuwo ankakanizidwa malipilo awo ndi kumenyedwa. William Jervis Livingston, amene anali ndi munda, anaotcha mipingo ya anthu akuda ya m'midzi ndi masukulu amene Chilembwe anayambitsa. Chilembwe anakhudzidwanso ndi kukakamizidwa kwa anthu akuda a ku Malawi kuti akamenye nkhondo m'malo mwa dziko la Britain ku Tanzania pamene ankamenyana ndi dziko la Germany mu nkhondo yoyamba yaikulu ya dziko lonse la pansi. Iye sankasangalala kamba koti sankaona phindu lomwe anthu akuda a ku Nyasaland akanapeza pa nkhondoyi. Iyenso anadandaula pa mchitidwe wa tsankho ndi kuzunza kumene ankachita atsamunda.

Pa 23 January, 1915, Chilembwe anayambitsa chiwawa chotsutsa boma la chitsamunda. Iye ndi anthu omutsatira mazana awiri anakaputa minda ya atsamunda yomwe ankaawona kuti amazunza anthu akuda kwambiri. Chilembwe ankaganiza zokupha azungo onse aamuna. Iwo anapha athu atatu ogwira ntchito ku mindayo kuphatikiza a Livingstone, amene anamudula mutu mkazi wake ndi mwana wake wamkazi wamng'ono akuwona. Anthu ena achikuda amene ankagwira ntchito pa mundawo anaphedwa, koma azimayi ndi ana sanaphedwe malinga ndi m'mene John Chilembwe anawalamulira anthuwo. Pamene kuwukiraku sikunavomerezedwe ndi anthu akuda, Chilembwe anayesa kuthawira ku Mozambique koma akulu akulu a boma la chitsamunda anamupha pa 3 February 1915. Ngakhale Chilembwe anatumiza ma kalata ku dziko loyandikira la Zambia kupempha anthu akuda akumeneko kuti awukire boma, uthenga wake unafika mochedwa. Pamene makalatawo ankafika pa 25 January, boma la chitsamunda linali litadziwa kale ndipo ngakhale anthu akumeneko anayesa kukhonza kuwukira mwamsangamsanga, sizinathandize kwambiri. Akulu akulu a boma la chitsamunda anaphanso anthu ena amene ankamutsatira Chilembwe. Ena mwa anthu amene anaphedwa anali anthu 175 amene analembedwa pa mdandanda wa anthu owukira komanso anthu 1160 amene anabatizidwa ku mpingo wake.

Dziko la Malawi linakhala loyima pa lokha mu 1964.(kunali John Chilembwe)