open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
2021-2022 Mavuto aku Russia-Ukraine

Mu Marichi ndi Epulo 2021, monga gawo la Nkhondo ya Russo-Ukrainian, Purezidenti waku Russia Vladimir Putin adalamula asitikali aku Russia kuti ayambe kusonkhanitsa anthu masauzande ambiri ndi zida pafupi ndi malire ake ndi Ukraine komanso ku Crimea, zomwe zikuyimira kulimbikitsa kwakukulu kuyambira pomwe Crimea idalandidwa. 2014. Izi zidapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zapadziko lonse lapansi komanso kuda nkhawa kuti zitha kuwukira. Zithunzi za satellite zimasonyeza mayendedwe a zida, mizinga, ndi zida zamphamvu. Asilikali adachotsedwa pang'ono pofika mu June 2021. Vutoli lidayambiranso mu Okutobala 2021, pomwe asitikali aku Russia opitilira 100,000 adasonkhananso kuzungulira Ukraine kumbali zitatu pofika Disembala.

Vuto lomwe likupitilirapo limachokera ku Nkhondo ya Russo-Ukrainian yomwe idayamba ngati chipwirikiti kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2014. Mu Disembala 2021, dziko la Russia lidapititsa patsogolo mapangano awiri omwe anali ndi zopempha zomwe adazitcha "zitsimikizo zachitetezo", kuphatikiza lonjezo lovomerezeka mwalamulo kuti Ukraine. sakanalowa nawo bungwe la North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) komanso kuchepetsedwa kwa asitikali a NATO ndi zida zankhondo zomwe zili ku Eastern Europe, ndikuwopseza kuyankha kosadziwika bwino ngati zofunazo sizikukwaniritsidwa mokwanira. NATO yakana zopempha izi, ndipo dziko la United States linachenjeza Russia za chilango cha "zachuma chofulumira komanso choopsa" ngati ingawononge Ukraine. Vutoli lakhala likukhudzana ndi nkhondo yomwe ikuchitika ku Donbas ndipo ena olemba ndemanga akufotokozedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwazovuta kwambiri ku Ulaya kuyambira nthawi ya Cold War.

Pa February 21, 2022, dziko la Russia linavomereza mwalamulo zigawo ziwiri zomwe zagawanika kum'mawa kwa Ukraine, Donetsk People's Republic ndi Luhansk People's Republic, monga mayiko odziimira okha, ndipo adatumiza asilikali ku Donbas, zomwe zimatanthauzidwa kuti Russia ikuchoka ku Minsk Protocol. Malipabuliki opatukawo anazindikiridwa m’malire a zigawo zawo za ku Ukraine, zomwe zimapitirira kutali ndi njira yolumikizirana. Pa 22 February, a Putin adanena kuti mapangano a Minsk sanalinso ovomerezeka. Patsiku lomwelo, Bungwe la Federation linavomereza mogwirizana kugwiritsa ntchito magulu ankhondo m'madera.

M'mawa wa 24 February, a Putin adalengeza kuti Russia ikuyambitsa "ntchito yapadera yankhondo" ku Donbas, ndipo idayambitsa nkhondo yonse ku Ukraine.

## Zolemba
Volodymyr Zelenskyy

**Volodymyr Oleksandrovych Zelenskyy** (wobadwa 25 January 1978) ndi wandale wa ku Ukraine, yemwe kale anali wochita sewero komanso wanthabwala yemwe wakhala akutumikira monga pulezidenti wa Ukraine kuyambira 2019. Zelenskyy anakulira ku Kryvyi Rih, dera lolankhula Chirasha kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Ukraine. Asanachite masewerawa, Zelenskyy adapeza digiri ya zamalamulo ku Kyiv National Economic University. Kenako adatsata nthabwala ndikupanga kampani yopanga Kvartal 95, yomwe imapanga mafilimu, zojambulajambula, ndi makanema apa TV, kuphatikiza Servant of the People, pomwe Zelenskyy adakhala ngati Purezidenti wa Ukraine. Nkhanizi zidawululidwa kuyambira 2015 mpaka 2019 ndipo zidadziwika kwambiri. Chipani chandale chokhala ndi dzina lofanana ndi kanema wawayilesi chidapangidwa mu Marichi 2018 ndi ogwira ntchito ku Kvartal 95.

Zelenskyy adalengeza kuti adzayimira zisankho zapurezidenti waku Ukraine wa 2019 madzulo a Disembala 31, 2018, limodzi ndi adilesi ya Usiku Watsopano wa Purezidenti Petro Poroshenko pa 1+1 TV Channel. Pokhala mlendo wandale, adakhala kale m'modzi mwa omwe adatsogolera pazisankho zachisankho. Anapambana zisankho ndi 73.2% ya mavoti muchigawo chachiwiri, kugonjetsa Poroshenko. Podzizindikiritsa monga populist, adadziyika yekha ngati munthu wotsutsana ndi kukhazikitsidwa, wotsutsa ziphuphu.

Monga purezidenti, Zelenskyy wakhala akuthandizira boma la e-boma ndi mgwirizano pakati pa anthu olankhula Chiyukireniya ndi Chirasha a anthu a dzikoli. Njira yake yolankhulirana imagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, makamaka Instagram. Chipani chake chidapambana kwambiri pachisankho chamwamsanga chomwe chinachitika atangokhazikitsidwa kukhala purezidenti. Muulamuliro wake, Zelenskyy adayang'anira kuchotsedwa kwa chitetezo chalamulo kwa mamembala a Verkhovna Rada, nyumba yamalamulo yaku Ukraine, momwe dzikolo likuyankhira pa mliri wa COVID-19 komanso kugwa kwachuma komwe kunachitika, komanso kupita patsogolo pothana ndi ziphuphu. Otsutsa Zelenskyy amanena kuti pochotsa mphamvu kuchokera kwa oligarchs aku Ukraine, adayesetsa kuika ulamuliro pakati ndikulimbitsa udindo wake.

Zelenskyy adalonjeza kuti athetsa kusamvana kwanthawi yayitali ku Ukraine ndi Russia ngati gawo la kampeni yake yapurezidenti, ndikuyesa kukambirana ndi Purezidenti wa Russia Vladimir Putin. Munthawi ya 2021-2022, olamulira a Zelenskyy adakumana ndi mikangano yambiri ndi Russia, zomwe zidafika pachimake pakuwukira kopitilira muyeso kwa Russia mu February 2022. Njira ya Zelenskyy panthawi yomanga gulu lankhondo la Russia inali yokhazika mtima pansi anthu aku Ukraine ndikutsimikizira mayiko kuti. Ukraine sanali kufuna kubwezera. Poyamba adadzipatula ku machenjezo okhudza nkhondo yomwe yatsala pang'ono kuchitika, kwinaku akuyitanitsa zitsimikizo zachitetezo ndi thandizo lankhondo kuchokera ku NATO "kupirira" chiwopsezo. Pambuyo poyambitsa nkhondoyi, Zelenskyy adalengeza lamulo lankhondo ku Ukraine.

## Zolemba
Indian Premier League

**Indian Premier League** (**IPL**) ndi ligi ya cricket ya amuna, yomwe imasewera ndi matimu khumi ochokera kumizinda khumi yaku India. Leagueyi idakhazikitsidwa ndi Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) mu 2007.

IPL ndiye ligi ya kiriketi yomwe anthu ambiri apezeka nayo padziko lonse lapansi ndipo mu 2014 idakhala pa nambala 6 pa anthu opezekapo pakati pamasewera onse amasewera. Mu 2010, IPL idakhala masewera oyamba padziko lonse lapansi kuwulutsidwa pa YouTube. Mtengo wa IPL mu 2019 unali US$ 6.3 biliyoni.

Pakhala nyengo khumi ndi zinayi za mpikisano wa IPL. Omwe ali ndi mutu wa IPL pano ndi Chennai Super Kings, omwe apambana nyengo ya 2021.

## Zolemba
Madagascar (firimu)

***Madagascar*** ndi filimu yanthabwala yaku America ya 2005 yopangidwa ndi DreamWorks Animation ndi kufalitsidwa ndi DreamWorks Pictures. Yolembedwa ndi Eric Darnell ndi Tom McGrath ndipo inalembedwa ndi Mark Burton, Billy Frolick, Darnell, ndi McGrath. Osewera mufilimuyi Ben Stiller, Chris Rock, David Schwimmer, ndi Jada Pinkett Smith akulankhula gulu la nyama zochokera ku Central Park Zoo zomwe zasowa pokhala pachilumba cha Madagascar.
Dennis Sullivan

**Dennis Parnell Sullivan** (wobadwa February 12, 1941) ndi katswiri wa masamu waku America. Amadziwika ndi ntchito yake mu algebraic topology, geometric topology, ndi dynamical systems. Ali ndi Mpando wa Albert Einstein ku City University of New York Graduate Center ndipo ndi pulofesa wodziwika ku Stony Brook University. Sullivan adalandira Mphotho ya Wolf mu Masamu mu 2010 ndi Mphotho ya Abel mu 2022.

## Moyo woyambirira ndi maphunziro

Sullivan anabadwira ku Port Huron, Michigan, pa February 12, 1941. Banja lake linasamukira ku Houston posakhalitsa.

Analowa ku yunivesite ya Rice kuti akaphunzire uinjiniya wamankhwala koma adasintha zazikulu zake ku masamu mchaka chake chachiwiri atakumana ndi chiphunzitso cha masamu cholimbikitsa kwambiri. [chiani?] Analandira digiri yake ya Bachelor of Arts mu 1963. Analandira Doctor wake wa Philosophy kuchokera ku yunivesite ya Princeton mu 1966 ndi malingaliro ake, Triangulating homotopy equivalences, moyang'aniridwa ndi William Browder.

## Ntchito

Sullivan anagwira ntchito ku yunivesite ya Warwick pa NATO Fellowship kuchokera ku 1966 mpaka 1967. Iye anali Miller Research Fellow ku yunivesite ya California, Berkeley kuchokera ku 1967 mpaka 1969 ndipo kenako Sloan Fellow ku Massachusetts Institute of Technology kuchokera ku 1969 mpaka 1973. Sullivan anali pulofesa wothandizira pa yunivesite ya Paris-Sud kuchokera ku 1973 mpaka 1974, ndipo anali pulofesa wokhazikika ku Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques kuchokera ku 1974 mpaka 1997. , komanso mu 1975.

Sullivan wakhala Mpando wa Albert Einstein mu Sayansi (Masamu) ku Graduate Center, City University of New York kuyambira 1981. Analowanso masamu ku yunivesite ya Stony Brook ku 1996, komwe ndi pulofesa wodziwika bwino monga 2022.

Mu 2022, Sullivan adalandira Mphotho ya Abel "chifukwa cha zomwe adathandizira kwambiri pazamaphunziro apamwamba kwambiri, makamaka ma algebraic, geometric and dynamical."

## Mphotho ndi ulemu

* 1971 Oswald Veblen Mphotho mu Geometry
* 1981 Prix Élie Cartan, French Academy of Sciences
* 1983 membala, National Academy of Sciences
* 1991 membala, American Academy of Arts ndi Sciences
* 1994 King Faisal International Prize for Science
* 2004 National Mendulo ya Sayansi
* Mphotho ya 2006 ya Steele pakuchita bwino kwa moyo wonse
* 2010 Wolf Prize in Mathematics, chifukwa cha "zothandizira zake ku algebraic topology ndi conformal dynamics"
* 2012 Mnzake wa American Masamu Society
* Mphotho ya 2014 Balzan mu Masamu (yoyera kapena yogwiritsidwa ntchito)
* 2022 Mphotho ya Abel

## Zolemba
Sean Wainui

**Sean Wainui** (23 Okutobala 1995 - 18 Okutobala 2021) anali wosewera mpira waku New Zealand. Adasewera mapiko (ndipo nthawi zina) mbali ya Bay of Plenty, Chiefs ku Super Rugby, komanso mbali yapadziko lonse ya Māori ya New Zealand Māori All Blacks.Wainui anali membala wa Takapuna Grammar School 1st XV mu 2011, 2012 ndi 2013. Anapatsidwa mphoto ya North Harbour's 2013 Māori Colts Senior Player of the Year adakali pasukulu. Komanso wakale Takapuna Grammar Prefect komanso Captain 1st XV, Wainui adayimira New Zealand pamlingo wapadziko lonse lapansi atasewera timu ya Champion New Zealand mu Under 20 Rugby World Cup ku Italy.Timuyi idasewera ndi England pamutuwu, ndikupambana 21-16.

## Imfa
Wainui adamwalira cha m'ma 7:50 m'mawa pa 18 Okutobala 2021, kutangotsala masiku asanu kuti tsiku lake lobadwa la 26, galimoto yomwe amayendetsa itagwera mumtengo ku McLaren Falls Park pafupi ndi Tauranga. Tangihanga ya Wainui idachitikira ku Te Wainui marae ku Whatatutu pa 24 Okutobala 2021.

Masewera oyeserera pakati pa New Zealand All Blacks ndi United States ku FedExField ku Washington D.C. pa 24 Okutobala 2021, kamphindi kunali chete kukumbukira imfa ya Wainui. Kaputeni wa timu ya United States, Bryce Campbell, adapatsa All Blacks malaya oyera nambala 11 okhala ndi dzina la Wainui.

## Zolemba
Halyna Hutchins

**Halyna Hutchins** (Chiyukireniya: Галина Хатчінс, romanized: Halyna Hatchyns; née Androsovych, Chiyukireniya: Андросович; 1979 - October 21, 2021) anali wojambula kanema waku Ukraine komanso mtolankhani yemwe amagwira ntchito pamakanema opitilira 30, makanema apa TV ndi ma TV. Archnemy, Darlin ', ndi Blindfire. Pa Okutobala 21, 2021, adavulala kwambiri pachiwopsezo chowombera panthawi yopanga filimu yotchedwa Rust.

## Cholowa
Mu Okutobala 2021, atamwalira Hutchins, aphunzitsi ndi abwenzi ake ku American Film Institute adakhazikitsa Halyna Hutchins Memorial Scholarship Fund yodzipereka kuthandiza maphunziro a akatswiri akanema achikazi. Mzimayi wa Hutchins a Matt Hutchins adavomereza ntchitoyi ndipo adapempha aliyense amene akufuna kulemekeza kukumbukira kwake kuti apereke ndalama ku thumba.

Imfa ya Hutchins idauzira kuyitanitsa kusintha kwachitetezo chamfuti pamakanema amakanema. Alexi Hawley, wofalitsa wa ndondomeko ya apolisi aku America The Rookie, adatsimikizira kuti, pambuyo pa imfa ya Hutchins, mfuti zonse zamoyo pawonetsero ziyenera kusinthidwa ndi mfuti za Airsoft ndi CG kuwala. Eric Kripke, wowonetsa mndandanda wamasewera apamwamba a ku America a The Boys, nawonso adalumbira kuti aletsa zopanda kanthu ndi mfuti pawonetsero wake. Wopanga mafilimu a Bandar Albuliwi pambuyo pake adapereka lingaliro loletsa mfuti zenizeni pamaseti amakanema. Pempho lake loti apange "Lamulo la Halyna" linathandizidwa ndi wojambula komanso wotsogolera Olivia Wilde. Ojambula mafilimu oposa 200 adayitana kalata yotsegula kuti aletse zida zogwiritsira ntchito mafilimu.

Mu Novembala 2021, American Society of Cinematographers idalemekeza ntchito ya Hutchins ngati wojambula makanema pomupatsa umembala wake.

## Zolemba
Martha Henry

**Martha Kathleen Henry** CC OOnt (née Buhs; February 17, 1938 - Okutobala 21, 2021) anali wobadwira ku Canada siteji, kanema, komanso wosewera pa TV. Anadziwika chifukwa cha ntchito yake pa Chikondwerero cha Stratford ku Stratford, Ontario. Makolo ake, Kathleen (née Hatch) ndi Lloyd Howard Buhs, adasudzulana ali ndi zaka zisanu. Anakulira mdera lakumpoto la Detroit ku Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, adapita ku Kingswood School (lero Cranbrook Kingswood School), ndipo adamaliza maphunziro awo ku dipatimenti ya sewero ku Carnegie Institute of Technology asanasamukire ku Canada mu 1959. Pambuyo pake adatengera dzina la sitejiyo Henry. , dzina lovomerezeka la mwamuna wake woyamba Donnelly Rhodes, yemwe adakwatirana naye mu 1962.

Henry anachita ku Toronto's Crest Theatre atangofika ku Canada, ndipo posakhalitsa analandiridwa m'kalasi yoyamba pa National Theatre School ku Montreal. Mu 1961, Sukulu ya Theatre inatengera ophunzira ake ku Stratford kuti akachite zisankho za kampani ya Chikondwerero. Henry adachita chidwi ndi Mtsogoleri wa Zojambula Michael Langham, yemwe adamupatsa malo mu kampani ya 1962 kutengera momwe adachitira tsikulo. Kuvomereza zoperekazo kukanafuna kuti Henry achoke ku Sukulu ya Theatre gawo limodzi ndi pulogalamu ya zaka zitatu, komabe Mtsogoleri wa NTS Powys Thomas adamuuza kuti atenge mwayiwo, ponena kuti aphunzira zambiri ndi kampani ya Stratford kusiyana ndi Sukulu ya Theatre. Analandira mwayiwo ndipo anapatsidwa dipuloma patsogolo pa kalasi yotsegulira, zomwe zinamupangitsa kukhala woyamba kumaliza maphunziro a Sukulu ya Theatre.

## Moyo waumwini
Mabanja a Henry ndi Rhodes, Douglas Rain, ndi Rod Beattie onse anatha m’chisudzulo. Anali ndi mwana mmodzi (Emma) ndi Mvula. Henry anamwalira ndi khansa patangopita pakati pausiku pa Okutobala 21, 2021, kunyumba kwawo ku Stratford, Ontario, patatha masiku khumi ndi awiri kuchokera pomwe adawonekera mu Atatu Atali Atali.

## Zolemba
Imfa mu 2022

**Akufa posachedwa** kapena **Imfa mu 2022** ndi  mndanda wa anthu odziwika amene anataya moyo wawo posachedwa.
Bernard Haitink

**Bernard Johan Herman Haitink** CH KBE (Dutch: [ˈbɛrnɑrt ˈɦaːi̯tɪŋk]; 4 Marichi 1929 - 21 Okutobala 2021) anali wokonda ku Dutch komanso woyimba zemba. Anali wotsogolera wamkulu wa oimba angapo apadziko lonse lapansi, kuyambira ndi Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra mu 1961. Anasamukira ku London, monga wotsogolera wamkulu wa London Philharmonic Orchestra kuchokera ku 1967 mpaka 1979, wotsogolera nyimbo ku Glyndebourne Opera kuyambira 1978 mpaka 1988 Opera House kuyambira 1987 mpaka 2002, pomwe adakhala kondakitala wamkulu wa Staatskapelle Dresden. Pomaliza, anali kondakita wamkulu wa Chicago Symphony Orchestra kuchokera ku 2006 mpaka 2010. Cholinga cha kujambula kwake kwakukulu chinali ma symphonies akale ndi nyimbo za orchestra, koma ankachititsanso zisudzo. Adachita makonsati 90 ku The Proms ku London, komaliza pa 3 Seputembala 2019 ndi Vienna Philharmonic. Mphotho zake zikuphatikiza Mphotho ya Grammy ndi Mphotho ya Gramophone ya 2015 pazomwe adachita pamoyo wake wonse.

## Zolemba
Kyiv

**Kyiv**  (uk.: *Київ*) ndi likulu ndi anthu ambiri mzinda wa Ukraine. Ili kumpoto chapakati cha Ukraine m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Dnieper. Pofika pa 1 Januware 2021, anthu anali 2,962,180, zomwe zidapangitsa Kyiv kukhala mzinda wachisanu ndi chiwiri wokhala ndi anthu ambiri ku Europe. Kyiv ndi likulu la mafakitale, sayansi, maphunziro, ndi chikhalidwe ku Eastern Europe. Ndi kwawo kwa mafakitale ambiri apamwamba, masukulu apamwamba, ndi mbiri yakale. Mzindawu uli ndi njira zambiri zoyendera anthu ndi zomangamanga, kuphatikiza Kyiv Metro.

Dzina la mzindawu akuti limachokera ku dzina la Kyi, m'modzi mwa oyambitsa ake anayi odziwika bwino. M’mbiri yake, mzinda wa Kyiv, womwe ndi umodzi mwa mizinda yakale kwambiri Kum’mawa kwa Ulaya, unadutsa m’magawo angapo odziwika komanso osadziwika bwino. Mzindawu mwina udali ngati likulu la zamalonda koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 5. Kukhazikika kwa Asilavo panjira yayikulu yamalonda pakati pa Scandinavia ndi Constantinople, Kyiv inali gawo la Khazars, mpaka kulandidwa kwake ndi ma Varangians (Vikings) m'ma 9th century. Mu ulamuliro wa Varangian, mzindawu unakhala likulu la Kievan Rus, dziko loyamba la Asilavo Kum'mawa. Mzindawu utawonongedwa kotheratu panthawi ya nkhondo za a Mongol mu 1240, mzindawo unalibe mphamvu kwa zaka zambiri. Linali likulu lachigawo lofunika pang'onopang'ono kunja kwa madera olamulidwa ndi oyandikana nawo amphamvu, choyamba Lithuania, kenako Poland ndipo pamapeto pake Russia.

Mzindawu udachitanso bwino pa nthawi ya kusintha kwa mafakitale mu Ufumu wa Russia chakumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1800. Mu 1918, dziko la Ukraine litalengeza ufulu wake kuchoka ku Soviet Russia, Kyiv anakhala likulu lake. Kuchokera mu 1921 kupita mtsogolo, Kyiv unali mzinda wa Soviet Ukraine, umene unalengezedwa ndi Red Army, ndipo, kuyambira 1934, Kyiv unali likulu lake. Mzindawu unatsala pang’ono kuwonongedwa m’kati mwa nkhondo yachiŵiri ya padziko lonse koma unachira msanga m’zaka za pambuyo pa nkhondoyo, n’kukhala mzinda wachitatu paukulu kwambiri wa Soviet Union.

Ulamuliro wa Soviet Union ndi Ukraine utatha mu 1991, Kyiv idakhalabe likulu la dziko la Ukraine ndipo anthu amitundu ina akuchulukirachulukira ochokera kumadera ena a dzikolo. Panthawi yosintha dzikolo kukhala chuma chamsika komanso demokalase yamasankho, Kyiv yapitilirabe kukhala mzinda waukulu komanso wolemera kwambiri ku Ukraine. Zogulitsa zake zodalira zida zankhondo zidagwa pambuyo pa kugwa kwa Soviet, zomwe zidasokoneza kwambiri sayansi ndiukadaulo, koma magawo atsopano azachuma monga mautumiki ndi ndalama zidathandizira kukula kwa Kyiv mumalipiro ndi ndalama, komanso kupereka ndalama zopititsira patsogolo ntchito yomanga nyumba ndi mizinda. zomangamanga. Kyiv anatulukira monga kwambiri pro-Western dera Ukraine; zipani zomwe zimalimbikitsa mgwirizano wolimba ndi European Union ndizovuta kwambiri panthawi yazisankho.

## Zolemba
Somali Republic

The **Somali Republic** (Somalia: Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliyeed; Chitaliyana: Repubblica Somala; Chiarabu: الجمهورية الصومالية, romanized: Jumhūriyyat aṣ-Ṣūmālīyyah) linali dzina la dziko loyima lomwe lopangidwa ndi Somalia, kutsatira Territory of the Somaliland kale Italy Somaliland) ndi State of Somaliland (kale British Somaliland). Boma linapangidwa ndi Abdullahi Issa Mohamud ndi Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal ndi mamembala ena a trusteeship and protectorate, Haji Bashir Ismail Yusuf monga Purezidenti wa Somali National Assembly ndi Aden Abdullah Osman Daar monga Purezidenti wa Somali Republic. Pa 22 July 1960, Daar adasankha Abdirashid Ali Shermarke kukhala nduna yaikulu. Pa 20 July 1961 komanso kudzera mu referendum yotchuka, Somalia inavomereza lamulo latsopano, lomwe linayamba kulembedwa mu 1960. Lamulo latsopano linakanidwa ndi Somaliland.

Ulamulirowu udakhalapo mpaka 1969, pomwe bungwe la Supreme Revolution Council (SRC) lidalanda ulamuliro popanda kukhetsa magazi ndikusintha dzikolo kukhala Somali Democratic Republic.
ISBN

**International Standard Book Number** (**ISBN**) ndi chizindikiritso cha buku lazamalonda chomwe chimapangidwa kuti chikhale chapadera. Osindikiza amagula ma ISBN kuchokera ku bungwe la International ISBN Agency.

ISBN imaperekedwa ku mtundu uliwonse wosiyana ndi kusintha (kupatula kusindikizidwanso) kwa chofalitsa. Mwachitsanzo, e-book, pepala lokhala ndi pepala lolimba la buku lomwelo aliyense adzakhala ndi ISBN yosiyana. ISBN ndi manambala khumi utali ngati idaperekedwa chaka cha 2007 chisanafike, ndipo manambala khumi ndi atatu ngati ataperekedwa pa 1 January 2007 kapena pambuyo pake. Njira yoperekera ISBN imayenderana ndi dziko lonse ndipo imasiyana mayiko, nthawi zambiri kutengera kukula kwa makampani osindikizira mkati mwa dziko.

Chidziwitso choyambirira cha ISBN chinapangidwa mu 1967, kutengera manambala 9 a Standard Book Numbering (SBN) omwe adapangidwa mu 1966. Mtundu wa ISBN wokhala ndi manambala khumi adapangidwa ndi International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) ndipo adasindikizidwa mu 1970 ngati mayiko apadziko lonse lapansi. muyezo ISO 2108 (khode ya SBN yokhala ndi manambala 9 imatha kusinthidwa kukhala ISBN ya manambala 10 poyiyika ndi ziro '0').

Mabuku osindikizidwa mwachinsinsi nthawi zina amawoneka opanda ISBN. Bungwe la International ISBN Agency nthawi zina limapereka mabuku otere a ISBN pawokha.

Chizindikiritso china, International Standard Serial Number (ISSN), chimazindikiritsa zofalitsa zanthawi zonse monga magazini ndi manyuzipepala. International Standard Music Number (ISMN) imakhala ndi nyimbo zambiri.

## Zolemba
1972 UEFA Cup Final

Mu **1972 UEFA Cup Final** inali yomaliza ya mpikisano woyamba wa mpira wa UEFA Cup. Unali mpikisano wamiyendo iwiri womwe udaseweredwa pa 3 Meyi ndi 17 Meyi 1972 pakati pa makalabu awiri achingerezi, Wolverhampton Wanderers ndi Tottenham Hotspur. Aka kanali komaliza koyamba mumpikisano wa makalabu a UEFA kukhala ndi matimu awiri abungwe lomwelo.

Tottenham Hotspur idapambana 3-2 pamagulu onse. Chigonjetso cha 2-1 kuchokera kunyumba mumsewu woyamba chidakhala chotsimikizika kwa iwo, pomwe Martin Chivers adagoletsa wopambana mochedwa, kuwombera mosaletseka kuchokera pamayadi 25. Kenako adagwira Wolves 1-1 mumpikisano wachiwiri kuti apambane mpikisano.

## Njira yopita komaliza

## Tsatanetsatane wamasewera

### Njira yoyamba

### Mwendo wachiwiri

## Zolemba
Purezidenti wa Somalia

**Purezidenti wa Somalia** (Somalia: Madaxaweynaha Soomaaliya) ndi mtsogoleri wa dziko la Somalia. Purezidenti ndi wamkulu wa gulu lankhondo la Somalia. Purezidenti akuyimira Federal Republic of Somalia, ndi umodzi wa dziko la Somalia, komanso kuwonetsetsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Constitution ya Somalia ndi kayendetsedwe kabwino ka mabungwe aboma. Ofesi ya Purezidenti wa Somalia idakhazikitsidwa ndi chilengezo cha Republic of Somalia pa 1 July 1960. Purezidenti woyamba wa Somalia anali Aden Abdullah Osman Daar.

## Mbiriyakale
Purezidenti woyamba wa Somalia anali Aden Abdullah Osman Daar, mmodzi wa atsogoleri a Somali Youth League (SYL), yemwe adagwira ntchito pa 1 July 1960, tsiku limene Somalia idalengezedwa kuti ndi republic. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo ofesiyi yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu ena asanu ndi awiri: Abdirashid Ali Shermarke, Mohamed Siad Barre, Ali Mahdi, Abdiqasim Salad, Abdullahi Yusuf, Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, ndi Hassan Sheikh Mohamud. Kuphatikiza apo, Sheikh Mukhtar adakhala ngati Purezidenti pakati pa kuphedwa kwa Shemarke ndi kulanda boma, ndipo Aden Madoobe adakhala Purezidenti Yusuf atasiya udindo mu 2008.

Sharif Sheikh Ahmed anatenga udindo pa 31 January 2009, atasankhidwa ndi chisankho cha pulezidenti chomwe chinachitika mu Januwale 2009. Nthawi ya Ahmed ngati Purezidenti wa Somalia inatha mwalamulo Mu Ogasiti 2012, mogwirizana ndi kutha kwa udindo wa boma losintha komanso kuyambika kwa feduro. boma la Somalia. Adalowa m'malo mwake ndi General Muse Hassan, yemwe adakhalapo kwakanthawi.

Purezidenti Hassan Sheikh Mohamud adatenga udindo pa 16 September 2012, atasankhidwa ndi chisankho chapulezidenti chomwe chinachitika pa 10 September 2012.
## List

## Zolemba
Nkhondo ya Heraklion

**Nkhondo ya Heraklion** inali mbali ya nkhondo ya ku Krete, yomwe inamenyedwa pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse pa chilumba cha Greek cha Crete pakati pa 20 ndi 30 May 1941. British, Australia ndi Greek asilikali a 14 Infantry Brigade, olamulidwa ndi Brigadier Brian Chappel, adateteza doko la Heraklion. ndi bwalo la ndege polimbana ndi kuwukira kwa paratrooper waku Germany ndi 1st Parachute Regiment of the 7th Air Division, motsogozedwa ndi Colonel Bruno Bräuer.

Kuukira kwa Heraklion masana a 20 May kunali chimodzi mwa zigawenga zinayi za ndege ku Krete tsiku lomwelo, kutsatira kuukira kwa Germany motsutsana ndi Maleme airfield ndi doko lalikulu la Chania kumadzulo kwa Krete m'mawa. Ndege yomwe idagwetsa owukira m'mawa idayenera kusiya Gulu la 1st ku Heraklion pambuyo pake tsiku lomwelo. Chisokonezo ndi kuchedwa pa mabwalo a ndege ku mainland Greece kunatanthauza kuti chiwembucho chinayambika popanda thandizo lachindunji la mpweya, ndi maola angapo osati nthawi imodzi; mayunitsi ena anali akadali pabwalo la ndege kumapeto kwa tsiku. Magulu achijeremani omwe amagwera pafupi ndi Heraklion adavulala kwambiri, chifukwa cha moto wapansi komanso pakutera. Awo amene anatsikira kutali analepheretsedwa kwambiri ndi anthu wamba a ku Kerete okhala ndi zida. Kuukira koyamba kwa Germany kunalephera; pamene idakonzedwanso tsiku lotsatira idalepheranso. Kenako ndewuyo inathera pompo.

Gulu lankhondo la German 5th Mountain Division liyenera kulimbikitsa asilikali a paratroopers ku Heraklion panyanja, kubweretsa zida zankhondo ndi mfuti zotsutsana ndi ndege. Idachedwa panjira, idapatutsidwa ku Maleme, kenaka idalandidwa ndi gulu lankhondo lankhondo la Britain ndikubalalika. Mtsogoleri wamkulu wa ku Germany, Lieutenant-General Kurt Student, adaika ndalama zonse pankhondo ya Maleme airfield, yomwe Ajeremani adapambana. The Allied Commander-in-Chief Middle East, General Archibald Wavell, adalamula kuti achoke ku Crete pa 27 May ndipo 14th Brigade inachotsedwa ndi zombo zankhondo za Allied usiku wa 28/29 May. Pobwerera ku Alexandria owononga awiri adamizidwa, oyenda panyanja awiri adawonongeka kwambiri, opitilira 440 Allied servicemen adaphedwa, opitilira 250 adavulala ndipo 165 adatengedwa akaidi. Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwawo kwakukulu ku Krete, Ajeremani sanayesenso ntchito zazikulu za ndege pa nthawi ya nkhondo.

## Zolemba
Nkhondo ya ku Krete

**Nkhondo ya ku Krete** (Chijeremani: Luftlandeschlacht um Kreta, komanso Unternehmen Merkur, "Operation Mercury", Greek: Μάχη της Κρήτης) inamenyedwa panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse pachilumba cha Greece cha Krete. Zinayamba m’maŵa wa pa 20 May 1941, pamene chipani cha Nazi Germany chinayamba kuukira Krete ndi ndege. Agiriki ndi magulu ena ankhondo a Allied, pamodzi ndi anthu wamba a ku Kerete, anateteza chisumbucho. Pambuyo pa nkhondo ya tsiku limodzi, Ajeremani anavulazidwa kwambiri ndipo asilikali a Allied anali otsimikiza kuti agonjetsa nkhondoyo. Tsiku lotsatira, chifukwa cha kulephera kwa kuyankhulana, kukayikira kwa Allied tactical, ndi ntchito zonyansa za ku Germany, Maleme Airfield kumadzulo kwa Crete inagwa, zomwe zinapangitsa Ajeremani kuti azitha kulimbitsa dziko ndikugonjetsa malo otetezera kumpoto kwa chilumbachi. Asilikali ogwirizana adabwerera kugombe lakumwera. Oposa theka adasamutsidwa ndi British Royal Navy ndipo otsalawo adagonja kapena adalowa nawo ku Krete. Chitetezo cha Krete chinasintha kukhala mgwirizano wamtengo wapatali wa panyanja; pofika kumapeto kwa ndawala mphamvu ya Royal Navy kum'mawa kwa Mediterranean inali itachepetsedwa kukhala zombo ziwiri zokha zankhondo ndi atatu apanyanja.

Nkhondo ya ku Krete inali nthawi yoyamba yomwe Fallschirmjäger (ankhondo aku Germany) adagwiritsidwa ntchito mochuluka, kuukira koyamba kwandege m'mbiri yankhondo, nthawi yoyamba yomwe Allies adagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri luntha kuchokera ku mauthenga obisika a Germany kuchokera ku makina a Enigma, komanso koyamba. Pa nthawiyi, asilikali a Germany analimbana ndi anthu wamba. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ovulala komanso chikhulupiliro choti magulu ankhondo a ndege sakhalanso ndi mwayi wodabwitsa, Adolf Hitler sanafune kuvomera kuti achitenso ntchito zazikulu zandege, m'malo mwake kugwiritsa ntchito ma paratroopers ngati asitikali apansi. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, Allies anachita chidwi ndi kuthekera kwa paratroopers ndipo anayamba kupanga airborne-assault ndi airfield-defence regiments.

## Zolemba
Premier League

**Premier League**, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti **English Premier League** (dzina lovomerezeka: **The Football Association Premier League Limited**), ndiye mulingo wapamwamba kwambiri wamasewera a mpira waku England. Imatsutsidwa ndi makalabu 20, imagwiritsa ntchito njira yokwezera ndi kutsika ndi English Soccer League (EFL). Nyengo zimayambira mu Ogasiti mpaka Meyi timu iliyonse ikusewera machesi 38 (kusewera matimu ena onse 19 kunyumba ndi kwina). Masewera ambiri amaseweredwa Loweruka ndi Lamlungu masana.

Mpikisanowu unakhazikitsidwa ngati FA Premier League pa 20 February 1992 kutsatira lingaliro la makalabu mu Soccer League First Division kuti achoke mu Soccer League, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1888, ndikupezerapo mwayi pakugulitsa kwaufulu wa kanema wawayilesi ku Sky. Kuchokera mu 2019 mpaka 2020, mabizinesi omwe adapeza pawailesi yakanema adapeza ndalama zokwana £3.1 biliyoni pachaka, Sky ndi BT Group zikukhala ndi ufulu wakuwulutsa masewera 128 ndi 32 motsatana. Premier League ndi bungwe lomwe mkulu wamkulu Richard Masters ali ndi udindo woyang'anira, pomwe makalabu omwe ali mamembala amakhala ngati eni ake. Makalabu adagawidwa ndalama zokwana £2.4 biliyoni mu 2016–17, ndi ndalama zokwana £343 miliyoni zolipirira mgwirizano ku makalabu a English Football League (EFL).

Premier League ndi ligi yowonedwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, imawulutsidwa m'magawo 212 kunyumba 643 miliyoni komanso anthu 4.7 mabiliyoni akhoza kuonerera. M'nyengo ya 2018-19, opezekapo pamasewera a Premier League anali 38,181, wachiwiri kwa 43,500 wa Bundesliga waku Germany, pomwe opezeka nawo pamasewera onse ndiwokwera kwambiri pamasewera aliwonse ampira wampikisano pa 14,508,981. Masitediyamu ambiri amakhala pafupi ndi kuchuluka kwake. Premier League imakhala yoyamba mu UEFA coefficients of leagues malinga ndi machitidwe a mpikisano wa ku Ulaya m'zaka zisanu zapitazi monga 2021. Kuthamanga kwapamwamba kwa Chingerezi kwatulutsa chiwerengero chachiwiri cha UEFA Champions League / European Cup maudindo, ndi English English. makalabu omwe apambana zikho khumi ndi zinayi zaku Europe zonse.

Makalabu makumi asanu adapikisana kuyambira pomwe Premier League idakhazikitsidwa mu 1992: makalabu makumi anayi ndi asanu ndi atatu achingerezi ndi makalabu awiri aku Wales. Asanu ndi awiri mwa iwo apambana mpikisano: Manchester United (13), Manchester City (6), Chelsea (5), Arsenal (3), Blackburn Rovers (1), Leicester City (1) ndi Liverpool (1).

## Zolemba
Kevin De Bruyne

**Kevin De Bruyne** (wobadwa 29 June 1991) ndi wosewera mpira waku Belgian yemwe amasewera osewera pakati pa Premier League kilabu ya Manchester City ndi timu ya dziko la Belgium. Amadziwika kuti ndi m'modzi mwa osewera abwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndipo akatswiri amamufotokozera kuti ndi "wosewera mpira wathunthu".

De Bruyne adayamba ntchito yake ku Genk, komwe adasewera nthawi zonse pomwe adapambana 2010-11 Belgian Pro League. Mu 2012 adalowa nawo gulu lachingerezi Chelsea, komwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono ndikubwereketsa ku Werder Bremen. Adasaina ndi Wolfsburg pamtengo wa £18 million mu 2014, komwe adadzipanga kukhala m'modzi mwa osewera abwino kwambiri mu Bundesliga ndipo adathandizira kupambana kwatimuyi mu 2014-15 DFB-Pokal. M'chilimwe cha 2015 De Bruyne adalumikizana ndi Manchester City pamtengo wa £54 miliyoni. Kuyambira pamenepo wapambana maudindo anayi a Premier League, League Cups asanu ndi FA Cup ndi kilabu. Mu 2017-18 adatengapo gawo lalikulu pa mbiri ya Manchester City kukhala timu yokhayo ya Premier League yomwe idapeza mapointi 100 munyengo imodzi. Mu 2019-20 De Bruyne adamanga mbiri ya othandizira ambiri mu Premier League ndipo adapatsidwa Player of the Season (yomwe adapambananso mu 2021-22).

De Bruyne adayamba kuwonekera padziko lonse lapansi mu 2010, ndipo adasewera masewera opitilira 80 ndikugoletsa zigoli 23 ku Belgium. Anali membala wa magulu a Belgian omwe adafika kumapeto kwa kotala pa 2014 FIFA World Cup ndi UEFA Euro 2016. Iye adayimira Belgium pa 2018 FIFA World Cup, kumene Belgium inagonjetsa malo achitatu otsutsana ndi England. ndipo adatchulidwa mu FIFA World Cup Dream Team.

De Bruyne wasankhidwa mu UEFA Champions League Squad of the Season ndi IFFHS Men's World Team kanayi gulu lililonse, UEFA Team of the Year ndi ESM Team of the Year katatu aliyense, France Football World XI, ndi Bundesliga. Team of the Year. Wapambananso Premier League Playmaker of the Season kawiri, PFA Players' Player of the Year kawiri, Manchester City's Player of the Year kanayi, UEFA Champions League Midfielder of the Season, Bundesliga Player of the Year, Footballer. of the Year (Germany), Belgian Sportsman of the Year ndi IFFHS World's Best Playmaker kawiri.
Old Trafford Stadium

**Old Trafford** ndi bwalo la mpira ku Old Trafford, Greater Manchester, England, komanso kwawo kwa Manchester United. Ndili ndi mipando 74,140, ​​ndiye bwalo lalikulu kwambiri la mpira wampira (komanso bwalo lachiwiri lalikulu kwambiri pambuyo pa Wembley Stadium) ku United Kingdom, komanso la khumi ndi chimodzi ku Europe. Ndi pafupifupi ma 0.5 miles (800 m) kuchokera ku Old Trafford Cricket Ground ndi moyandikana ndi tram stop.

Wotchedwa "Theatre of Dreams" wolemba Bobby Charlton, Old Trafford wakhala nyumba yaku United kuyambira 1910, ngakhale kuyambira 1941 mpaka 1949 kalabuyo idagawana Maine Road ndi osewera aku Manchester City chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa bomba pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse. Old Trafford idakulitsidwa kangapo m'ma 1990 ndi 2000s, kuphatikiza kuwonjezera magawo owonjezera ku North, West ndi East Stands, pafupifupi kubwezera bwaloli pamalo pomwe anali 80,000. Kukula kwamtsogolo kuyenera kuphatikizira kuwonjezera gawo lachiwiri ku South Stand, komwe kungakweze anthu pafupifupi 88,000. Chiwerengero cha opezeka pabwaloli chidachitika mu 1939, pomwe owonerera 76,962 adawonera semi final ya FA Cup pakati pa Wolverhampton Wanderers ndi Grimsby Town.

Old Trafford adachita nawo Fainali ya FA Cup, zobwereza ziwiri zomaliza ndipo nthawi zonse ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo osalowerera nawo gawo lomaliza la mpikisano. Yakhalanso ndi masewero a England, machesi pa World Cup 1966, Euro 96 ndi 2012 Summer Olympics, kuphatikizapo mpira wapadziko lonse wa amayi kwa nthawi yoyamba m'mbiri yake, ndi 2003 Champions League Final. Kunja kwa mpira, kwakhala komwe kumachitikira Super League Grand Final yapachaka ya rugby League chaka chilichonse kupatula 2020, komanso komaliza kwa Rugby League 

World Cups mu 2000 ndi 2013. 

## Zolemba
Manchester United F.C.

**Manchester United Football Club** ndi kalabu ya mpira waukatswiri yomwe ili ku Old Trafford ku Manchester, England. Kalabuyo imapikisana mu Premier League, gawo lalikulu mu ligi ya mpira waku England. Anatchedwa **Red Devils**, adakhazikitsidwa ngati Newton Heath LYR Football Club mu 1878, koma adasintha dzina lake kukhala Manchester United mu 1902. Gululi linachoka ku Newton Heath kupita ku sitediyamu yomwe ilipo, Old Trafford, mu 1910.

Manchester United ndi imodzi mwa makalabu ochita bwino kwambiri mu mpira waku England, yomwe idapambana mbiri 20 League, 12 FA Cups, League Cups asanu, komanso mbiri 21 FA Community Shields. Apambananso European Cup/UEFA Champions League katatu, ndi UEFA Europa League, UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, UEFA Super Cup, Intercontinental Cup ndi FIFA Club World Cup kamodzi. Mu 1968, motsogozedwa ndi Matt Busby, patatha zaka 10 osewera asanu ndi atatu a kilabu ataphedwa pa ngozi ya ndege ya Munich, adakhala gulu loyamba la Chingerezi kupambana European Cup. Alex Ferguson ndi manejala wa timuyi yemwe wakhala kwanthawi yayitali komanso wochita bwino kwambiri, wapambana zikho 38, kuphatikiza maudindo 13 a ligi, 5 FA Cups, ndi maudindo 2 a UEFA Champions League pakati pa 1986 ndi 2013. Mu nyengo ya 1998-99, pansi pa Ferguson, gululi lidakhala. woyamba m'mbiri ya mpira waku England kuti akwaniritse ma trible aku Europe a Premier League, FA Cup, ndi UEFA Champions League. Popambana UEFA Europa League motsogozedwa ndi José Mourinho mu 2016-17, mpikisano waposachedwa kwambiri ndi kalabu, adakhalanso m'modzi mwa makalabu asanu omwe adapambana mipikisano yayikulu yamakalabu a UEFA (Champions League, Europa League ndi Cup Winners. 'Kopu).

Manchester United ndi imodzi mwamatimu ampira omwe amathandizidwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndipo amapikisana ndi Liverpool, Manchester City, Arsenal ndi Leeds United. Manchester United ndiyo inali kalabu yopeza ndalama zambiri padziko lonse lapansi mchaka cha 2016–17, ndipo inkalandira ndalama zokwana €676.3 miliyoni pachaka, komanso gulu la mpira lachitatu padziko lonse lofunika kwambiri mu 2019, lamtengo wake wokwana £3.15 biliyoni ($3.81 biliyoni). Itatha kuyandama pa London Stock Exchange mu 1991, kalabuyo idatengedwa mwachinsinsi mu 2005 itagulidwa ndi wabizinesi waku America Malcolm Glazer yamtengo pafupifupi $800 miliyoni, pomwe ndalama zoposera zobwereka zokwana £500 miliyoni zidakhala ngongole ya kilabu. Kuchokera ku 2012, magawo ena a gululi adalembedwa ku New York Stock Exchange, ngakhale kuti banja la Glazer limakhalabe ndi umwini ndi ulamuliro wa gululo.

## Zolemba
1974 UEFA Cup Final

**1974 UEFA Cup Final** idaseweredwa pa 21 Meyi 1974 ndi 29 Meyi 1974 pakati pa Tottenham Hotspur yaku England ndi Feyenoord Rotterdam waku Netherlands, kuti adziwe katswiri wa 1973-74 UEFA Cup. Feyenoord yapambana 4-2 pamagulu onse. Otsatira a Tottenham adachita zipolowe pampikisano wachiwiri ku Rotterdam, womwe udayamba Feyenoord atagoletsa chakumapeto kwa theka loyamba ndikupitilira theka lachiwiri.

## Tsatanetsatane wamasewera

### Njira yoyamba

### Mwendo wachiwiri
Atagwira Spurs 2-2 ku White Hart Lane ku London, Feyenoord adalowa m'malo awo omwe amakonda. Kupambana kwawo kwa 2-0 kunyumba kudateteza gululi mutu wawo woyamba wa UEFA Cup.

Masewera achiwiri ku Rotterdam adasokonezedwa ndi ziwawa komanso ziwawa zochokera kwa otsatira Spurs omwe akuchita zipolowe.

## Zolemba
Manchester City F.C.

**Manchester City Football Club** ndi kalabu ya mpira waku England yomwe ili ku Bradford, Manchester yomwe imapikisana mu Premier League, yomwe ili pamwamba pa mpira waku England. Yakhazikitsidwa mu 1880 monga St. Mark's (West Gorton), idakhala Ardwick Association Football Club mu 1887 ndipo Manchester City mu 1894. Malo a gululi ndi Etihad Stadium kummawa kwa Manchester, komwe adasamukira ku 2003, atasewera ku Maine Road. kuyambira 1923. Gululi lidatengera malaya awo aku sky blue home mu 1894. Ndi kalabu yachisanu yochita bwino kwambiri mu mpira wachingerezi.

Manchester City inalowa mu Football League mu 1892, ndipo inapambana ulemu wawo woyamba, FA Cup, mu 1904. Gululi linapambana kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1960 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, ndikugonjetsa League, European Cup Winners Cup, FA Cup ndi League Cup pansi pa oyang'anira a Joe Mercer ndi Malcolm Allison. Atagonja mu Fainali ya FA Cup ya 1981, timuyi idatsika kwambiri, zomwe zidafika pachimake pagulu lachitatu la mpira waku England kwanthawi yokhayo m'mbiri yake mu 1998. akhalabe mu Premier League kuyambira pamenepo.

Kalabuyo idalandira ndalama zochulukirapo kwa osewera komanso zida zosewerera pambuyo kulanda kwawo ndi Sheikh Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahyan kudzera mu Gulu la Abu Dhabi United mu 2008, ndikupambana FA Cup mu 2011 ndi Premier League mu 2012, kutsatiridwa ndi mutu wina wa League mu 2014. Motsogozedwa ndi Pep Guardiola, City idapambana Premier League mu 2018, kukhala gulu lokhalo la Premier League kuti lipeze mfundo za 100 mu nyengo imodzi. Mu 2019, adapambana zikho zinayi, kumaliza kusesa kwa zikho zonse zapakhomo ku England ndikukhala gulu loyamba lachingerezi kupambana katatu. Kuphatikiza pa kupambana mutu wachitatu wa Premier League mu nthawi ya Guardiola, City idafika komaliza kwa European Cup mu 2021, komwe idagonja ndi Chelsea. Mu 2022, City idapambana Premier League nthawi yachinayi m'zaka zisanu zodziwika chifukwa cha mpikisano wawo ndi Liverpool F.C.; ziwiri mwa nyengo zinayizo zinali zolamulidwa ndi matimu, ndipo iliyonse idakwanitsa mapointi osachepera 90 pamayimidwe omaliza a League, ndipo City idapambana ndi mfundo imodzi nthawi zonse ziwiri.

Ndalama za Manchester City zinali zachisanu mwa kilabu ya mpira padziko lonse lapansi mu 2018-19 ndi €568.4 miliyoni. Mu 2019, Forbes akuti kalabuyo inali yachisanu padziko lonse lapansi pamtengo wa $2.69 biliyoni, Kalabuyo ndi ya City Football Group Limited, kampani yaku Britain yamtengo wapatali ya $3.73 (US$4.8) biliyoni mu Novembala 2019.

## Zolemba
Njiwa yamapiri ya Papuan

**Nkhunda ya Papuan** (*[[Gymnophaps albertisii]]*) ndi mtundu wa mbalame zamtundu wa banja la nkhunda Columbidae. Amapezeka kuzilumba za Bacan, New Guinea, D'Entrecasteaux Islands, ndi Bismarck Archipelago, komwe amakhala m'nkhalango zoyambira, nkhalango zamapiri, ndi zigwa. Ndi mtundu wanjiwa wapakatikati, kutalika kwa 33–36 cm (13–14 in) ndi kulemera kwa 259 g (9.1 oz) pafupifupi. Amuna akuluakulu ali ndi slate-grey kumtunda, kukhosi kwa chestnut-maroon ndi mimba, mawere oyera, ndi bandeji yotuwa yotuwa. Ma lores ndi orbital dera ndi ofiira owala. Akazi amafanana, koma amakhala ndi mabere otuwa komanso m'mphepete mwa nthenga zapakhosi.

Nkhunda ya ku Papuan ndi yodya kwambiri, imadya nkhuyu ndi drupe. Imaswana kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Marichi mu Schrader Range, koma imatha kuswana chaka chonse kudutsa mitundu yake. Imamanga zisa kuchokera ku timitengo ndi nthambi mumtengo kapena kupanga chisa chapansi mu udzu wouma waufupi, ndikuikira dzira limodzi. Mitunduyi imakonda kucheza kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'magulu a mbalame 10-40, ngakhale magulu ena amatha kukhala ndi anthu 80. Idalembedwa ngati yosadetsa nkhawa kwambiri ndi bungwe la International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) pa IUCN Red List chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake komanso kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu.

## Taxonomy ndi systematics
Nkhunda yamapiri ya Papuan inafotokozedwa kuti Gymnophaps albertisii ndi katswiri wa zinyama wa ku Italy Tommaso Salvadori mu 1874 pamaziko a zitsanzo zochokera ku Andai, New Guinea. Ndiwo mtundu wamtundu wa Gymnophaps, womwe unapangidwira iwo. Dzina lachikale limachokera ku mawu Achigiriki Akale akuti γυμνος (gumnos), kutanthauza chopanda, ndi φαψ (phaps), kutanthauza nkhunda. Dzina lenileni la albertisii ndi lolemekeza Luigi D'Albertis, katswiri wa botanist wa ku Italy komanso wazanyama yemwe amagwira ntchito ku East Indies ndi New Guinea. Papuan mountain pigeon ndi dzina lodziwika bwino lomwe bungwe la International Ornithologists' Union linapereka. Mayina ena odziwika bwino amtunduwu ndi njiwa yamapiri (yomwe imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati nkhunda za Gymnophaps), njiwa yamapiri yopanda maso, njiwa yopanda maso (yomwe imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ku Patagioenas corensis), ndi nkhunda yamapiri ya D'Albertis.

Nkhunda ya Papuan ndi imodzi mwa mitundu inayi yamtundu wa njiwa ya Gymnophaps mu banja la njiwa Columbidae, yomwe imapezeka ku Melanesia ndi Maluku Islands. Amapanga superspecies ndi mitundu ina mu mtundu wake. M'banja lake, mtundu wa Gymnophaps ndi mlongo wa Lopholaimus, ndipo awiriwa pamodzi amapanga mlongo wa Hemiphaga. Nkhunda yamapiri ya Papuan ili ndi mitundu iwiri:

* G. a. albertisii Salvadori, 1874: Mitundu yosankhidwa, imapezeka ku Yapen, New Britain, New Ireland, Fergusson Island, Goodenough Island, ndi mapiri a New Guinea.
* G. a. exsul (Hartert, 1903): Imapezeka kuzilumba za Bacan. Anthu ndi akulu komanso akuda kuposa omwe amasankha mitundu yamitundu, pomwe mutu umakhala wosalala kwathunthu, wopanda zibwano za chestnut-maroon, mmero, ndi makutu a amuna omwe amasankha.

## Zolemba
1975 UEFA Cup Final

The 1975 UEFA Cup Final idaseweredwa pa 7 May ndi 21 May 1975 pakati pa Borussia Mönchengladbach waku West Germany ndi Twente waku Netherlands. Mönchengladbach yapambana 5-1 pamagulu onse.

## Tsatanetsatane wamasewera

### Njira yoyamba

### Mwendo wachiwiri

## Zolemba
1977 UEFA Cup Final

**Fainali ya 1977 UEFA Cup** idaseweredwa pa 4 Meyi 1977 ndi 18 Meyi 1977 pakati pa Juventus waku Italy ndi Athletic Club yaku Spain. Juventus yapambana 2-2 pa zigoli zakunja.

Ichi ndiye chigonjetso chokha cha timu yaku Italy pa mpikisano wovomerezeka ku Europe wopanda osewera akunja mu timu yake yoyamba yatimu. [amene amafunikira] Idawonetsanso mutu woyamba wa Juventus mu mpira waku Europe, komanso nthawi yoyamba yomwe UEFA Cup idapambana. kalabu yaku Southern Europe.

## Tsatanetsatane wamasewera

### Njira yoyamba

### Mwendo wachiwiri

## Zolemba
1978 UEFA Cup Final

**1978 UEFA Cup Final** inali masewera a mpira omwe adaseweredwa pa 26 Epulo 1978 ndi 9 May 1978 pakati pa PSV Eindhoven yaku Netherlands ndi SEC Bastia yaku France. PSV idapambana tayi 3-0 pakuphatikiza, ndikupambana 3-0 kunyumba kutsatira kukoka kopanda zigoli ku Bastia.

## Tsatanetsatane wamasewera

### Njira yoyamba

### Mwendo wachiwiri

## Zolemba
Fainali ya 1979 UEFA Cup

**Fainali ya 1979 UEFA Cup** idaseweredwa pa 9 Meyi 1979, ndi 23 Meyi 1979, pakati pa Red Star Belgrade ya SFR Yugoslavia ndi Borussia Mönchengladbach yaku West Germany. Mönchengladbach yapambana 2-1 pamagulu onse.

## Tsatanetsatane wamasewera

### Njira yoyamba

### Mwendo wachiwiri

## Zolemba
Fainali ya 1980 UEFA Cup

**1980 UEFA Cup Final** inali yomaliza ya miyendo iwiri, yomwe idaseweredwa pa 7 May 1980 ndi 21 May 1980 kuti adziwe katswiri wa 1979-80 UEFA Cup. Omaliza adaphatikizira Eintracht Frankfurt yaku West Germany ndi Borussia Mönchengladbach, timu ina yaku West Germany. Mönchengladbach ndi omwe adakhala nawo, atapambana mpikisano womaliza chaka chatha.

Eintracht Frankfurt adapambana pazigoli zakutali atamaliza 3-3 pazophatikiza.

## Tsatanetsatane wamasewera

### Njira yoyamba

### Mwendo wachiwiri
Fainali ya 1982 UEFA Cup

Fainali ya 1982 UEFA Cup idaseweredwa pa 5 May 1982 ndi 19 May 1982 pakati pa IFK Göteborg waku Sweden ndi Hamburg waku West Germany. IFK idapambana 4-0 pakuphatikizana kuti ipambane ulemu woyamba ku Europe m'mbiri ya kilabu.

Ndi kugonja uku, Hamburg idakhala kalabu yoyamba kukhala wopambana m'mipikisano yonse itatu isanachitike 1999 ku Europe (European Champion Clubs' Cup/UEFA Champions League, UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League, ndi Cup Winners yomwe yatha. Cup), atataya 1968 European Cup Winners' Cup Final komanso 1980 European Cup Final.

## Tsatanetsatane wamasewera

### Njira yoyamba

### Mwendo wachiwiri

## Zolemba
Fainali ya 1983 UEFA Cup

Fainali ya 1983 UEFA Cup idaseweredwa pa 4 May 1983 ndi 18 May 1983 pakati pa Anderlecht yaku Belgium ndi Benfica yaku Portugal. Anderlecht yapambana 2-1 pamagulu onse.

## Tsatanetsatane wamasewera

### Njira yoyamba

### Mwendo wachiwiri

## Zolemba
Fainali ya 1984 UEFA Cup

**Fainali ya 1984 UEFA Cup** inali mgwirizano wa mpira wamasewera womwe unaseweredwa pa 9 May ndi 23 May 1984 kuti adziwe katswiri wa 1983-84 UEFA Cup. Fainali yamiyendo iwiri idapikisana pakati pa Anderlecht yaku Belgium-- omwe anali oteteza -- ndi Tottenham Hotspur F.C. wa ku England. Tottenham yapambana 4-3 pamapenalty kick itamaliza 2-2 pamagulu onse.

Mpaka pano, uwu ukadali ulemu waposachedwa kwambiri waku Europe womwe Tottenham adapambana. Kuphatikiza apo, zikadakhala zaka zina makumi atatu ndi zisanu mpaka Spurs idasewera komaliza ina yayikulu ku Europe, pomwe idafika mu Champions League Final mu 2019, ndikutaya Liverpool.

Mu 1997, zidawoneka kuti kupita komaliza kwa Anderlecht kudakhudza kuti wapampando wa kilabuyo apereke chiphuphu cha £27,000 kwa woweruza kuti akwaniritse semi-final motsutsana ndi Nottingham Forest. Chilango chokayikitsa chidaperekedwa kwa Anderlecht, pomwe chigoli cha Forest chidakanidwa mwamkangano.

## Tsatanetsatane wamasewera

### Njira yoyamba

### Mwendo wachiwiri

## Zolemba
Fainali ya 1985 UEFA Cup

**Fainali ya 1985 UEFA Cup** inali mgwirizano wa mpira wamasewera womwe unaseweredwa pa 8 May ndi 22 May 1985 pakati pa Real Madrid yaku Spain ndi Videoton yaku Hungary. Real Madrid yapambana 3-1 pamagulu onse. Real pambuyo pake ipanga izi kukhala kapu kawiri, ndikupambana Copa de la Liga pa 15 June pambuyo pomaliza komaliza kwamiyendo iwiri, motsutsana ndi omwe akudutsa tawuni ya Atlético Madrid.

Kupambana kwa Real Madrid mu 1985 UEFA Cup kudakhala siliva woyamba ku Europe pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri (izi zisanachitike, ulemu wawo womaliza ku Europe udali kupambana mu European Cup ya 1965-66).

## Tsatanetsatane wamasewera

### Njira yoyamba

### Mwendo wachiwiri