Schizophrenia

**Kudwala ndi maganizo** kuli m'gulu la matenda a maganizo ndipo munthu yemwe ali ndi matendawa amayamba kusonyeza khalidwe lachilendo ndiponso amavutika kuti aone zinthu m’njira yoyenerera. Zizindikiro zofala za matendawa ndi monga kukhulupirira zinthu zabodza, kumva zinthu zimene anthu ena sakuzimva, kusakonda kuchita zinthu ndi anthu ena,kusasonyeza munthu akusangalala kapena sakusangalala ndiponso kusakhala ndiponso kusakhala ndi chidwi chofuna kuchita zinthu zina. Anthu amene amadwala ndi maganizo kawirikawiri amakhalanso ndi matenda ena okhudzana ndi maganizo monga nkhawa, kuvutika maganizo, kapenanso chizolowezi chogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Zizindikiro za matendawa zimayamba kuonekera mwa pang’onopang’ono, ndipo nthawi zambiri munthu amayamba kudwala matendawa ali wachinyamata mpaka amakula nawo.

Zina mwa zinthu zimene zimayambitsa matendawa ndi zochitika pamoyo ndiponso zoyamwira. Zochitika pamoyo wa munthu monga kukulira mumzinda, kusuta chamba uli mwana, matenda ena, msinkhu wa makolo komanso kuperewera kwa zakudya m’thupi pa nthawi imene mayi ali woyembekezera. Ngati vutoli lili loyamwira kuchokera kumtundu umene munthu wabadwira, zizindikiro zake zingaonekerenso mwa anthu ena a kumtunduwo. Kuona zochita za munthu, zimene wakumana nazo pamoyo wake, ndiponso malipoti a ena omwe akumudziwa bwino munthuyo. Muyenera kuganiziranso chikhalidwe cha munthuyo ngati vutoli lili la kumtundu. Pofika m'chaka cha 2013 azachipatala anali asanapeze njira yodalirika yoyezera matendawa. Kudwala maganizo sikutanthauza "kusintha khalidwe mwadzidzidzi" ayi kapena kusakonda kuchita zinthu ndi anthu, khalidwe lomwe kawirikawiri anthu ochuluka salimvetsa bwino.

Mankhwala odalirika kwambiri a matendawa ndi antipsychotic, pamodzi ndi kulandira uphungungu, kuphunzira ntchito komanso kukhala ndi ndondomeko yothandiza kuthana ndi vutoli. Sizikudziwika bwinobwino ngati mtundu woyambirira wa mankhwala a oyambirira kapena mtundu mtundu wachiwiri ndiwo umathandiza kwambiri. Kwa anthu amene zikuonekeratu kuti mankhwala a antipsychotics sakuthandiza, angayese mankhwala a clozapine. Munthu yemwe akuoneka kuti akudwala kwambiri matendawa angathe kugonekedwa m'chipatala ngakhale kuti mwiniwakeyo sakugwirizana nazo, ngati zikuoneka kuti vutoli lakula kwambiri, ndipo masiku ano anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli sakumakhalitsa m’chipatala komanso sakumagonekedwamo kawirikawiri.

Pafupifupi 0.3 mpaka 0.7 peresenti ya anthu onse amadwala kapena anadwalapo matenda a maganizo pa nthawi inayake m'moyo wawo. M'chaka cha 2013, padziko lonse pansi anthu pafupifupi 23.6 miliyoni amadwala matendawa. Amuna ndi amene amadwala kwambiri matendawa poyerekezera ndi akazi, ndipo nthawi zambiri matendawa amakula ndithu. Ndipo pafupifupi 20 peresenti ya anthu omwe amadawala matendawa amachira bwinobwino, ndipo pafupifupi hafu ya odwala onse, amavutika ndi matendawa kwa moyo wawo wonse. Mavuto ofala amene odwala amakumana nawo amatha kukhala a nthawi yaitali ndithu, monga kusakhala pa ntchito, umphawi ndiponso kukhala opanda nyumba. Pa avereji, anthu odwala matendawa moyo wawo umafukikirapo ndi zaka 10 mpaka 25 poyerekezera ndi anthu omwe sakudwala matendawa. Izi zili chonchi chifukwa ambiri amatha kudwala matenda enanso kuwonjezera pa matenda a maganizo komanso anthu ambiri amadzipha (pafupifupi 5 peresenti). M'chaka cha 2015 chokha, anthu pafupifupi 17,000 anafa padziko lonse chifukwa cha zochitika zokhudzana ndi kudwala matenda a maganizo.

## Umboni