Posttraumatic stress disorder

Matenda a nkhawa amene amayamba chifukwa choti munthu wakumana ndi nkhanza kapena mavuto ena (**PTSD**) ali m’gulu la matenda a muubongo ndipo ambiri amayamba matendawa chifukwa chokumana ndi zinthu zoopsa monga kugwiriridwa, nkhondo, ngozi za pamsewu, kapena zinthu zina zoopsa. Zina mwa zizindikiro za matendawa ndi kuvutika malingaliro, maganizo, kusasangalala, kapenanso maloto oopsa ogwirizana ndi zimene zinachitikazo, kusinthasintha makhalidwe kuvutika maganizo mpaka mantha aakulu ukakumbukira zimene zinachitikazo, kusinthasintha maganizo ndiponso mmene ukumvera mumtima, kusachedwa kupsa mtima kapena kukhala ndi mantha. Munthu amatha kusonyeza zizindikiro zimenezi kwa nthawi yopitirira pa mwezi umodzi zoopsa zimene anakumana nazozo zitachitika. Kawirikawiri ana sasonyeza zizindikiro zoti akuvutika ndi zimene zinawachitikirazo, koma amatha kuchita masewera oyerekezera zoopsa zimene zinawachitikirazo. Munthu yemwe ali ndi vuto la PTSD amakhala pachiopsezo chachikulu choti akhoza kudzipha kapena kudzivulaza mwadala.

Anthu ambiri amene amakumana ndi zinthu zoopsa kwambiri pamoyo wawo sadwala matenda a PTSD. Koma anthu omwe anakumana ndi zoopsazo kuchokera kwa anthu anzawo (monga kugwiriridwa kapena kuchitiridwa nkhanza uli mwana) nthawi zambiri amadwala matenda a PTSD, poyerekezera ndi anthu amene zoopsa osati zochitidwa ndi anthu anzawo monga ngozi kapena masoka achilengedwe. Pafupifupi hafu ya anthu amene amagwiriridwa amadzayamba kudwala matenda a PTSD.  Koma sikawirikawiri kuti ana omwe sanafike zaka 10 adwale matendawa ngakhale atagwiriridwa.  Munthu amadziwika kuti ali ndi matendawa ngati akusonyeza zizindikiro zake pambuyo poti zinthu zoopsa zamuchitikira.

N’zotheka kupewa matenda a PTSD ngati anthu omwe zoopsa zawachitikira ayamba kulandira uphungu mwachangu pambuyo poti zoopsazo zawachitikira, kaya ayamba kusonyeza zizindikiro za matendawa kapena ayi. Ndipotu uphungu ndi njira yaikulu imene imathandiza kwambiri anthu amene ali ndi vuto la PTSD.  Munthu yemwe ali ndi vutoli angathandizidwe ndi njira zingapo. Njira imodzi ndi kukonza zoti munthuyo azilandira uphungu payekha kapena pagulu. Mankhwala a Antidepressants a mtundu wa selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor ali m’gulu la mankhwala oyambirira amene munthu wa PTSD angapatsidwe ndipo kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti hafu ya anthu amene amapatsidwa mankhwalawa vuto lawoli limachepa. Komabe kulandira uphungu kumathandiza kwambiri kuposa mmene mankhwalawa amathandizira. Ndipo sizikudziwika bwinobwino kuti kumwa mankhwalawa pa nthawi yomweyomweyo n'kulandira uphungu kungathandize kwambiri kuposa kutsatira njira imodzi.  Palibe umboni wokwanira wosonyeza kuti mitundu ina ya mankhwala ingathandize, ndipo mankhwala ena monga benzodiazepines, akhoza kungowonjezera vuto.

Ku United States kokha, pafupifupi 3.5 peresenti ya anthu akuluakulu amavutika ndi PTSD chaka chilichonse, ndipo 9 peresenti ya anthu onse m’dzikoli ali ndi matendawa kapena anadwalapo matendawa pa nthawi inayake pamoyo wawo.  Koma padziko lonse, pafupifupi munthu m’modzi pa anthu 100 aliwonse akudwala matenda a PTSD kapena anadwalapo matendawa.  Ambiri mwa anthu amene amavutika ndi matendawa ndi a m’madera amene mukuchitika nkhondo. Ndipo akazi ambiri amadwala matendawa poyerekezera ndi amuna. Zizindikiro za matendawa zakhala zikudziwika bwino kuyambira kale kwambiri m’nthawi imene Agiriki ankalamulira dziko lonse lapansi. Pa nthawi ya nkhondo zikuluzikulu za padziko lonse anthu ankatchula matendawa ndi mayina ena, monga akuti "kuopa bomba" ndiponso "kuopa nkhondo". Koma dzina lachingelezi lakuti "posttraumatic stress disorder" (PTSD) linayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito m’zaka za m’ma 1970 chifukwa choti madokotala anayamba kuona zizindikiro zofanana mwa asilikali a dziko la America amene anakamenya nkhondo ku Vietnam. Pofika mu 1980, bungwe la madokotala a matenda okhudzana ndi ubongo lotchedwa American Psychiatric Association linanena zoti amenewa ndi matenda ndithu a m’gulu la matenda a maganizo ndipo analembedwa m’buku la matenda a m’gululi lotchedwa *[[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]]* (DSM-III).

## See also
* Posttraumatic growth

## Notes

## References

## External links

* 
* Post traumatic stress disorder information from The National Child Traumatic Stress Network
* Information resources from The University of Queensland School of Medicine
* APA practice parameters for assessment and treatment for PTSD (Updated 2017)
* Resources for professionals from the VA National PTSD Center