Matenda a Ebola

**Matenda a Ebola a mavailasi** (**EVD**) kapena kuti **Matenda a Ebola a kukha magazi komanso kutentha thupi** (**EHF**) ndi matenda amene amagwira anthu ndipo amayambitsidwa ndi  tizilombo tochedwa Ebola. Zizindikiro za matendawa zimayamba kuwonekera pakatha masiku awiri mpaka milungu itatu tizilombo ta matendawa tikalowa m’thupi mwa munthu. Zina mwa zizindikirozo ndi kutentha thupi, zilonda zakukhosi, kuphwanya kwa thupi, ndiponso kupweteka kwa mutu. Kenako munthu amayamba kuchita nseru, kusanza, ndiponso kutsegula m’mimba. Komanso chiwindi ndi impso za munthuyo zimasiya kugwira bwino ntchito. Zikatere, odwala ena amayamba kukha magazi m’malo osiyanasiyana.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa tingalowe m’thupi mwa munthu wina ngati munthuyo atakhudzana ndi magazi kapena madzi a m’thupi la munthu kapena zinyama zimene zili ndi matendawa (makamaka anyani ndi mileme). Padakali pano, palibe umboni wotsimikizidwa ndi akatswiri a zachipatala wosonyeza kuti matendawa angafale kudzera mu mpweya. Zikuoneka kuti mileme imatha kukhala ndi tizilombo ta matendawa n’kumatifalitsa, koma iyoyo sidwala ndi tizilomboti. Munthu akangotenga tizilomboti, amatha kufalitsa matendawa kwa anthu enanso. Munthu wa bambo amene wachira kumatendawa angathenso kufalitsa tizilombo ta matendawa kudzera mu umuna ngati atagona ndi mkazi pasanathe miyezi iwiri kuchokera pamene wachira. Azachipatala akamayeza munthu amene akuganiziridwa kuti ali ndi matendawa, amayamba atsimikizira kaye kuti munthuyo sakudwala matenda ena omwe zizindikiro zake n’zofanana ndi za Ebola, monga malungo, kolera ndi matenda ena oyambitsidwa ndi mavailasi amene amachititsa munthu kutentha thupi komanso kukha magazi. Pofuna kutsimikizira ngati munthu ali ndi matendawa, magazi ena amayezedwa kuti aone ngati chitetezo chake cholimbana tizilombo chakwera, kapena ngati RNA yachuluka, kapenanso ngati m’magazimo muli tizilombo ta Ebola.

Munthu angapewe matendawa ngati atapewa kukhudzana ndi anthu kapena anyani ngakhalenso nkhumba zomwe zili tizilombo ta matendawa. Zimenezi zingatheke ngati nyamazi zitayezedwa kuti aone ngati zili ndi matendawa komanso kuzipha ndi kuzikwirira moyenera zikapezeka kuti zili ndi matendawa. Chinthu chinanso chimene chingathandize ndi kuphika nyama m’njira yoyenerera komanso kuvala zovala zodzitetezera pamene munthu akugwira kapena kuphika nyama. Kuvala zovala zodzitetezera ndiponso kusamba m’manja tikakhala pafupi ndi munthu amene akudwala matendawa n’kuthandizanso kwambiri. Muyenera kuchita zinthu mosamala kwambiri mukamagwira madzi a m’thupi kapena zinthu zina za m’thupi la munthu amene ali ndi matendawa.

Padakali pano, matendawa alibe mankhwala; komabe, odwala amapatsidwa madzi a mchere ndi shuga (omwe amathandiza kubwezeretsa madzi a m’thupi) kapena madzi ena. Matendawa amapha kwambiri anthu: nthawi zambiri anthu 50 mpaka 90 pa anthu 100 aliwonse amene agwidwa ndi matendawa amamwalira. Matenda a Ebola anapezeka koyamba m’dziko la Sudan kenako m’dziko la Democratic Republic of the Congo. Mliri wa matendawa umakonda kubuka m’mayiko otentha a ku kumunsi kwa chipululu cha Sahara ku Africa. Kuyambira m’chaka cha 1976 (pa nthawi yoyamba imene matendawa anadziwika) mpaka kufika m’chaka cha 2013, anthu omwe ankagwidwa ndi matendawa pachaka sankakwana 1,000. Mliri woopsa kwambiri wa Ebola ndi womwe ukuchitika panopa, womwe wabuka mu 2014, ku West Africa, ndipo wakhudza mayiko a Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia ndiponso Nigeria. Pofika mu August 2014, anthu oposa 1600 anali atafa ndi mliriwu. Akatswiri akuyesetsa kuti apange katemera; komabe, padakali pano palibe katemera amene wapezeka.

## Malifalensi

; Ndandanda

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## Malinki a nkhani zina

* ViralZone: Ebola-like viruses – Virological repository from the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
* CDC: Ebola hemorrhagic fever – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Special Pathogens Branch
* WHO: Ebola haemorrhagic fever – World Health Organization, Global Alert and Response
* Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR): Filoviridae
* 3D macromolecular structures of the Ebola virus archived in the EM Data Bank (EMDB)
* Google Map of Ebola Outbreaks
* WHO recommended infection control measures