Kuukira kwa Russia ku Ukraine

K**ulowerera kwa Russia mu Ukraine** ndi kukwera kwakukulu pa nkhondo ya Russo-Ukrainian yomwe idayamba pa 24 February 2022 ndipo ikupitirirabe. Ichi ndi chiwonjezekodeli cha nkhondo yotalalira yomwe idayamba mu 2014, ndipo yakhala ndi zotsatira zoopsa komanso chiwawa chachikulu kwambiri ku Europe kuyambira nkhondo ya World War II.

Pa 24 February 2022, Russia idatumiza malo ochitira zankhondo komanso mphepo za nkhondo kuchokera ku Russia, Belarus, ndi Crimea, kuyambira ndi kuphulika kwa ndege ndi ngalande. Izi zinayambitsa mphamvu zaboma la Ukraine, zinayika martial law, ndipo zinayambitsa kuyitanidwa kwa asilikali onse a m'makolo a 18–60 kuti apite nkhondo, komanso kuthetsa kulumikizana ndi Russia.

Russia idachotsa asilikali ake kumwera kwa Ukraine komanso kuchokera ku Kyiv ndi madera yakumatunda mu April 2022, pambuyo poti akupezeka kuti Ukraine yakhala ndi mphamvu zoletsa kwambiri komanso mavuto aukadaulo.

Mu mapewa a 2022, Ukraine idachita ma counteroffensive m'madera akumadzulo ndi kum'mwera, ndikulowa m’madera monga Kherson ndi Kharkiv Oblast. Russia inatulutsa Ukraine zinthu zodalirika zomwe zasonyeza kuti inalanda minda yazitsulo muwo, komanso kuwonongeka kwa zipangizo zankhondo za Ukraine zomwe zidathandizira mu chithandizo cha nkhondo.

Russia inadalabe kuphulika kwa anthu ambiri komanso kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zankhondo komanso zofunikira, ndipo idatsekedwa ndi mayiko ambiri, kuphatikizapo kuyika malamulo ochita manyazi, kuletsa ndege zake, ndi kuteteza magulu ake kutchulidwa ngati achiwawa. Zothandizira zimaperekedwa kwa Ukraine ndi mayiko ambiri.

## Maziko
Nkhondo ya Russo–Ukraine inayamba mu February 2014, pomwe Russia inalanda Crimea pambuyo poti Purezidenti wa Ukraine Viktor Yanukovych anachotsedwa ntchito pamene anthu anali kusonkhana m’misewu chifukwa cha Euromaidan protests. Izi zinayambitsa nkhondo pakati pa asilikali a Ukraine ndi zigulu za anthu omwe amatsutsa boma ku Donbas, omwe anathandizidwa ndi Russia. Kuyambira mu 2014, madera a Donetsk ndi Luhansk, omwe amadziwika kuti Donbas, anadzilengeza okha kukhala aulamuliro kudzera m'mavoti omwe sanavomerezedwe ndi mayiko ena, ndipo anathandizidwa ndi Russia ndi mphamvu, zida ndi anthu.

Russia inakhala ikukana mwamphamvu kuti imachita nawo nkhondoyi mwachindunji, ngakhale lipoti la United Nations ndi mabungwe ena omwe amayendera malamulo a anthu anasonyeza kuti asilikali a Russia anali omwe amatsogolera m'maboma a Donetsk ndi Luhansk, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti mayiko ena azikhala akukankha za zoyimitsa zinthu za chuma motsutsana ndi Russia.

Mu 2021 ndi koyambirira kwa 2022, Russia inayamba kutumiza asilikali ochuluka kwambiri pafupi ndi malire a Ukraine, zomwe zidadzetsa kupsinjika kwakukulu pa zinthu za mayiko akunja komanso mantha kuti Russia ikuyenda kukalanda madera ena a Ukraine. Izi zidayambitsa maulendo ambiri okambirana pakati pa dziko la Russia ndi mayiko a Western, kuphatikizapo United States, NATO ndi European Union, koma sizinathe kusintha zinthu kuti zithetse mkangano wa anthu.

Pafupifupi milungu ingapo asanakhazikitse kulowera, Russia inazindikira madera a Donetsk ndi Luhansk ngati mayiko odziyimira pawokha, zomwe zinakhudzitsa Ukraine ndi mayiko ena akumadzulo.

## Prelude ndi Kukhazikitsidwa kwa Mphamvu
Kuchokera mu Marichi ndi April 2021, asilikali a ku Russia anayamba kukhala osiyanasiyana pafupi ndi malire a Ukraine komanso ku Crimea, zogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri kuyambira pa kulandira Crimea pa 2014. Zithunzi za satelayiti ziwonetsa kuti mphamvu za asilikali, ma armoured vehicles, ma missile ndi malazizira, zazimitsidwa pamitsinje ya malire. Atatha mwezi wa June 2021, gawo la asilikali lidabwezeredwa, koma makina oyikapo zitseko zinali mkati.

Malinga ndi June–October 2021, kuyambira 26 October 2021 Russia idayambiranso kukhazikitsa mphamvu zomwe zasokoneza, kutsatira matupi ambiri kuphatikizapo womanga zinthu zowonjezera; mpaka December 2021, pafika asilikali opitilira 100,000 ozungulira mzinda wa Ukraine, kuchokera kumwamba kwa Belarus ndi kuchokera ku Crimea. Ngakhale zafalikira kwa anthu, ophunzira m'makhalidwe a boma la Russia kuyambira Novembala 2021 mpaka 20 February 2022 anali kunama nthawi zonse kuti palibe cholinga cha kulowera mu Ukraine.

Pa 17 December 2021, Russia idaperekanso zofuna kwa Western powers – kutalika kwa NATO kuti isamangogwiritsa ntchito ndi Ukraine komanso kutsutsa kulipo kwa asilikali a NATO mu Eastern Europe. Oyankhula achitawo aku America and Europe ananena kuti ndi "cholinga chofuna kudzikhazitsa mphamvu ndi chidwi" choyikilira, ndipo zowonjezera izi zinatsutsidwa ndi NATO pa 26 January 2022.

Mu January ndi February 2022, asilikali ambiri a Russia ankatumizidwira ku Belarus poyerekeza "zojambula zankhondo", malinga ndi malonda a nyengo, ndipo mitundu yankhomaliro yakulitsiranso ku Donbas, zomwe zinawonjezera kukwera kwa kupsinjika. 

Pa 21 February, Putin adatchula kuti Russia iwonetsa "kukhutira chitetezo" komanso kunena kuti ikuvomereza "Donetsk ndi Luhansk People’s Republics" kukhala zopanda ufulu wamphamvu. Izi zinayambitsa kuthandiza kwakukulu kuchokera ku NATO ndi EU kuti apereke chitetezo kwa Ukraine, ndipo maulosi atsopano a zoyimitsa katundu aperekedwa pa 22 February 2022.

## Initial invasion (24 February – 7 April 2022)
Pa 24 February 2022, Russia idayambitsa kulowera kwakukulu** kuchokera ku Belarus kulimbana ndi *Kyiv**, kuchokera kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Ukraine kulimbana ndi **Kharkiv**, komanso kuchokera kumwera kulowera kuchokera ku **Crimea**, ndi kum'mwera kwa Donbas ndikuyenda kummawa kwa mzinda. Russia idatumiza m'nyanja ndi mapiko azankhondo, kuyambitsa **ma missile ndi kuukira kwa mapazi** pa Kyiv, Kharkiv, Chernihiv, ndi Sumy mu uthenga womwe unali wamphamvu kwambiri.^turn0search0

Russia idachita kuukira kumalo a **Chernihiv**, **Brovary** (kunja kwa Kyiv), ndi **Kherson**, kuphimba zipilala za madzi ndi mphamvu za Ukraine, zomwe zinachititsa Ukraine kuyeza ndi kulimbana molimbika komanso kukana kulowera kwa oyambalo.^turn0search0

Pambuyo poyeserera kulanda Kyiv mkati mwa **masabata awiri**, asilikali a Russia adachotsa mphamvu zake kumadera yakum'mwera ndi kumpoto kwa mzinda mu **April 2022**. Patapita, anthu ammudzi a **Bucha** anakumana ndi zazing'ono za anthu akale ndi milandu yazachiwawa pamene zolinga za Russia zinali zofooka pankhandwe.^turn0search0

Pambuyo pa kuzimitsidwa kwa **mphete ya Kyiv**, Russia idayang'ana m'tchimo **Donbas ndi kum'mwera kwa Ukraine**, kuphatikizapo kuukira kwa **Mariupol**, komwe idatha mu **May 2022**. Zinaphera kuchedwa, koma zimawonetsa kuti kwa mliri uliwonse wa nkhondo yomwe Russia idayambitsa, Ukraine inakulana mwamphamvu.^turn0news12

## Zolemba