Moses Hepburn

**Moses Garrison Hepburn Jr.** (1832 - Disembala 1, 1897) anali wandale waku America, wosamalira nyumba ya alendo, komanso wabizinesi wosankhidwa kukhala phungu woyamba waku Africa America waku West Chester, Pennsylvania, mu 1882. [1] Mu 1866, adakhazikitsa Magnolia House, malo okhawo omwe amachitira alendo aku Africa America, komwe adalandira Frederick Douglass ndi owunikira ena akuda.

### Moyo woyambirira ndi banja
Bambo ake, nawonso a Moses Hepburn, anali mwana wachibadwa wa William Hepburn, wolemera waukapolo woyera, ndi Esther, mkazi waukapolo, onse ochokera ku Alexandria, Virginia. Bambo wake wa kapoloyo adalemba amayi ndi mwana wamwamuna ndikuwapatsa zomwe amafunikira m'chifuniro chake. Moses Hepburn Sr. chifukwa chake adakhala munthu wolemera kwambiri waku Africa America ku Northern Virginia ndipo adakhazikitsa mbiri yakale ya Moses Hepburn Rowhouses ku Alexandria ku 1856. Hepburn Jr. atabadwa mu 1832, abambo ake adamutumiza ku Pennsylvania kuti akalandire maphunziro. Banjalo linasamukira ku West Chester mu 1853 boma la US litabwezeretsanso Alexandria ku Virginia mu 1847. Virginia adawopseza a Hepburns kuti azitsatira malamulo a boma odana ndi kuwerenga oletsa maphunziro a anthu akuda. [3] [4]

## Ntchito yamalonda
Mu 1866, Hepburn Jr. adakhazikitsa Magnolia House, nyumba yanyumba ya njerwa yansanjika zitatu yokhala ndi zipinda khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi zomwe zili pa 300 East Miner Street m'chigawo cha Georgetown cha African American ku West Chester. Nyumba ya Magnolia inali malo okhawo ogona komanso malo ogonera m'tauni yomwe inkathandiza anthu aku Africa America, omwe tsankho lisanalowe m'malo omwewo. Frederick Douglass, William H. Day, ndi zina zounikira Black anagona pa Magnolia pamene m'tauni. [3] [5]

Kuphatikiza pa Magnolia House, Hepburn adayendetsa ntchito yama omnibus ndipo anali ndi khola, famu yamaekala 56, ndi zina khumi ndi chimodzi. Anali wotchuka m'tawuni ya African American monga membala wa Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church, Liberty Coronet Band, Knights Templar, ndi Free and Accepted Masons. Chifukwa chochita zinthu ndi anthu ammudzi, mabizinesi otukuka, komanso katundu wambiri, Hepburn adakhala "wachikuda wolemera kwambiri komanso wodziwika bwino m'chigawo cha Chester," wokhala ndi ndalama zopitirira $29,000 atamwalira.[3][5]

## Ntchito yandale
M'zaka za m'ma 1870, atsogoleri a Republican Party ku West Chester adafuna mavoti a Black koma anakana kuganizira anthu akuda kuti akhale osankhidwa. Atachenjezedwa kuti gulu la anthu aku Africa ku America linyanyala zisankho kapena kuvotera ofuna kuvotera Democratic, aku Republican adagwirizana ndi dongosolo la ma ward lomwe lingathandize kuyimilira anthu akuda kum'mawa kwa tawuni ya Georgetown. Hepburn adapambana chisankho cha 1882 cha woyimilira khonsolo ndi voti imodzi. [6] Anagwira ntchito kwa zaka ziwiri, kukhala m'makomiti a gasi ndi apolisi a khonsolo, ndipo adatsatiridwa ndi makhansala ena anayi aku Africa ku America m'zaka khumi zotsatira.

Mu 1892, makina a chipani cha Republican Party, omwe amalamulira ndale za West Chester, adasinthiratu zisankho zazikulu, ndikuchepetsa voti ya Black ndikuchotsa oyimira African American pa khonsolo ya boma kwa zaka pafupifupi 75. Komiti yachipani idapereka chigamulochi pa mavoti 9-7 popanda quorum.[3]

## Moyo waumwini
Hepburn anamwalira pa malo ake odyera ku West Chester pa December 1, 1897, chifukwa cha "kutaya magazi m'mapapo," mwinamwake kunadza chifukwa cha mkangano ndi mlendo woyera.[3]

Mkamwini wake, John W. Smothers, anatenga bizinesiyo ndipo anayendetsa Magnolia House mpaka 1922.[5]