Lamulungu

**Lamlungu** ndi tsiku pakati pa Loweruka ndi Lolemba. Lamlungu ndi tsiku la mpumulo m'mayiko ambiri akumadzulo, monga gawo la sabata ndi sabata usiku.

Kwa Akhristu ambiri owonetsetsa, Lamlungu likuwonedwa ngati tsiku la kupembedza ndi kupumula, kuligwira ngati Tsiku la Ambuye ndi tsiku la chiukitsiro cha Khristu. M'mayiko ena achi Islam ndi Israeli, Lamlungu ndilo tsiku loyamba la ntchito ya sabata. Malingana ndi kalendala ya Chiheberi ndi kalendala yachikhristu, Lamlungu ndilo tsiku loyamba la sabata. Malingana ndi International Organization for Standardization ISO 8601, Lamlungu ndi tsiku lachisanu ndi chiwiri la sabata.

## Lamlungu mu Chikhristu
### Makalata achikunja
Mu chikhalidwe cha Chiroma, Lamlungu linali tsiku la mulungu wa Sun. Muchikunja, dzuŵa linali gwero la moyo, kuwapatsa kutentha ndi kuwunikira kwa anthu. Anali pakati pa mpatuko wotchuka pakati pa Aroma, omwe ankaima m'mawa kuti atenge kuwala kwa dzuwa koyamba pamene akupemphera.

Mwaiwo kuti muwone mu chikhalidwe-kupembedza kwa anansi awo achikunja kukhala chizindikiro chovomerezeka ku chikhulupiriro chawo chomwe sichinatayika pa Akhristu. Mmodzi mwa makolo a Tchalitchi, St. Jerome, adzalengeza kuti: "Ngati achikunja amachitcha [tsiku la Ambuye] [...] 'dzuwa la dzuwa,' timavomereza kuti, chifukwa lero kuunika kwa dziko lapansi kwawuka, lero akuwululidwa dzuwa la chilungamo ndi machiritso mu miyezi yake. "
Kuganiziranso komweku kungakhudze kusankhidwa kwa tsiku la Khirisimasi patsiku la nyengo yozizira, yomwe chikondwerero chake chinali gawo la chipembedzo cha dzuwa cha dzuwa. Momwemonso, mipingo yachikristu yamangidwa ndipo ikukumangidwanso (momwe zingathere) ndi chikhalidwe kotero kuti mpingo umayang'ane kutsogolo kwakummawa kummawa. Patapita nthawi, St. Francis amavomereza nyimbo yake yotchuka: "Ndiyamike, Mbuye wanga, mwa zolengedwa zanu zonse, makamaka mwa mbuye wanga M'bale Sun, amene amabweretsa tsikulo, ndipo mumapatsa kuwala kudzera mwa iye. mu ulemerero wake wonse, mwa iwe Wam'mwambamwamba, ali ndi chifaniziro. "

### Ntchito yachikhristu
::*Onaninso: [[Sabata mu Chikhristu]]*
Aroma akale ankakonda kugwiritsa ntchito masiku asanu ndi atatu a azungu, msika wamsika, koma m'nthawi ya Augusto m'zaka za zana la 1 AD, sabata la masiku asanu ndi awiri linagwiritsidwanso ntchito.

Justin Martyr, pakati pa zaka za m'ma 2000, akunena za "memoirs ya atumwi" monga kuwerenga "tsiku lotchedwa dzuŵa" (Lamlungu) pamodzi ndi "zolemba za aneneri."

Pa 7 March 321, Constantine Woyamba, Mroma Woyamba wa Roma (onani Constantine I ndi Chikhristu), adalengeza kuti Lamlungu lidzawonedwa ngati tsiku la mpumulo wa Aroma:

:::Tsiku lolemekezeka la Dzuwa liwalola akuluakulu a boma ndi anthu omwe akukhala mumzinda kuti apumule, ndipo awonetseni maofesi onse atseke. Komabe, m'dzikolo, anthu omwe ali ndi ulimi angathe kupitiriza ntchito zawo mwaufulu; chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti tsiku lina silili loyenera kubzala mbewu kapena kubzala mphesa; kuti ponyalanyaza mphindi yoyenera ya ntchito zoterezo ubwino wa kumwamba uyenera kutayika.

Ngakhale kuti adalandira Lamlungu ngati tsiku lopumula ndi Constantine, sabata la masiku asanu ndi awiri ndipo ma nundial cycle anapitiriza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono mpaka kalendala ya 354 ndipo mwinamwake mtsogolo.

Mu 363, Canon 29 ya Msonkhano wa Laodikaya inaletsa kusunga Sabata lachiyuda (Loweruka), ndipo analimbikitsa Akhristu kugwira ntchito Loweruka ndi kupuma pa Tsiku la Ambuye (Lamlungu). Mfundo yakuti bukuli liyenera kutchulidwa konse ndizisonyezero kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamulo la Constantine la 321 silinali lonse, ngakhale pakati pa Akhristu. Zikuwonetsanso kuti Ayuda anali kusunga Sabata Loweruka.

### Miyambo zamakono
Zipembedzo zina zachikhristu, zotchedwa "Sabata", zikuwonetsa Sabata Lamlungu. Dzina lakuti "Sabbatarian" lakunenedwa ndi akhristu, makamaka Aprotestanti, omwe amakhulupirira kuti Lamlungu ayenera kuwonedwa ndi kudziletsa kokha kuntchito yogwirizana ndi "Shabbat". Akhristu a Seventh-day Adventist, Seventh Day Baptisti, ndi Mpingo wa Mulungu (Seventh-Day) zipembedzo, komanso Ayuda ambiri aumesiya, apitirizabe kuchita ntchito ndi kusonkhana kuti azilambirira Loweruka mpaka dzuwa litalowa. kodi onse otsatira a Mulungu m'Baibulo.

Kwa akhristu ambiri mwambo ndi udindo wa kupumula kwa Lamlungu sizowonongeka. Ochepa mwa Akhristu samaona tsiku limene amapita kutchalitchi ngati lofunika, malinga ngati akupezeka. Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pamapeto a miyambo ya Sabata, koma kutha kwa ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku tsiku ndi tsiku ndi mwambo. Akhristu ambiri lerolino amasunga Lamlungu ngati tsiku la kupezeka kwa tchalitchi.

Milandu ya Roma Katolika, Lamlungu limayamba Loweruka madzulo. Misa yamadzulo pa Loweruka imakhala tsiku lonse Lamlungu Lamlungu ndikukwaniritsa udindo wawo wopita kumsonkhano wa Lamlungu, ndipo Vespers (mapemphero a madzulo) Loweruka usiku ndikumasulira "Vespers" oyambirira a Lamlungu. Madzulo omwewo, kuyembekezera kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ku miyambo ina yayikuru ndi maphwando, ndipo ndizogwirizana ndi mwambo wachiyuda woyambitsa tsiku latsopano dzuwa litalowa. Amene amagwira ntchito zachipatala, ogwira ntchito, ndi asilikali kumalo a nkhondo amaperekedwa kuchokera ku chizoloŵezi choyenera kupita ku Tchalitchi Lamlungu. Amalimbikitsidwa kuti aphatikize ntchito yawo ndi kupita ku misonkhano yachipembedzo ngati n'kotheka.Kummawa kwa Tchalitchi cha Orthodox, Lamlungu limayambira pa Pang'ono Ndipang'ono kwa Odzimana (Loweruka ndi Madzulo) Loweruka madzulo ndikuyendetsa mpaka "Vouchsafe, O Ambuye" (pambuyo pa "prokeimenon") ya Vespers Lamlungu usiku. Panthawiyi, kuchotsedwa kwa mautumiki onse kumayambira ndi mawu akuti, "Mulole Khristu wathu Mulungu woona, amene adawuka kwa akufa ...." Aliyense amene akufuna kulandira Chiyero Chayera pa Divine Liturgy Lamlungu m'mawa amayenera kupita ku Vespers usiku usanayambe (onani chiyero cha Ekaristi). Pakati pa Akhristu a Orthodox, Lamlungu limatengedwa kuti ndi "Pascha Yaikulu" (Isitala), ndipo chifukwa cha Paschal chisangalalo, kuponyedwa kwa nthaka sikuletsedwa, kupatula nthawi zina. Zochita zosangalatsa ndi kusadziletsa, kukhala zonyansa ndi zonyansa kwa Khristu monga nthawi yowonongeka, sikuletsedwa [zosautsa-kukambirana].

Zilankhulo zina zilibe mawu osiyana pa "Loweruka" ndi "Sabata" (e.g. Italian, Chipwitikizi). Kunja kwa dziko lolankhula Chingerezi, Sabata ngati liwu, ngati likugwiritsidwa ntchito, limatanthawuza Loweruka (kapena machitidwe achiyuda omwe ali pamenepo); Lamlungu limatchedwa Tsiku la Ambuye e. g. mu zinenero zachi Romance ndi Greek Greek. Koma, Akristu olankhula Chingerezi nthawi zambiri amatchula Lamlungu ngati Sabata (kupatulapo Sabata ya Sabata); chizoloŵezi chimene, mwinamwake chifukwa cha kugwirizana kwa mayiko onse ndi chikhalidwe cha Latin cha Tchalitchi cha Roma Katolika, chikufala kwambiri pakati pa (koma osangokhala) Achiprotestanti. O Quakers mwachizolowezi amatchula Lamlungu ngati "Tsiku loyamba" kutanthauzira chiyambi cha chikunja cha dzina la Chingerezi, pamene akunena Loweruka ngati "Tsiku lachisanu ndi chiwiri".

Mawu a Chirasha a Lamlungu ndi "Voskresenie," kutanthauza "Tsiku la Kuukitsidwa." Liwu lachi Greek la Sunday ndi "Kyriake" ("Tsiku la Ambuye"). Mawu a Czech, Polish, Slovenian, Croatian, Serbian, Chiyukireniya ndi Chibalarusi a Lamlungu ("neděle," "niedziela," "nedelja", "nedjelja," "недеља", "неділя" ndi "нядзеля" pamasulidwe) akhoza kumasuliridwa monga "opanda ntchito (palibe ntchito)."

## Nyenyezi
Lamlungu limagwirizanitsidwa ndi dzuwa ndipo limawonetsedwa ndi ☉.

## Zolemba

## Zotsatira
* Barnhart, Robert K. (1995). *The Barnhart Concise Dictionary of Etymology*. Harper Collins. 

## Kuwerenga kwina
* Bacchiocchi, Samuele. *From Sabbath to Sunday: a historical investigation of the rise of Sunday observance in early Christianity* (Pontifical Gregorian University, 1977)
* Cotton, John Paul. *From Sabbath to Sunday: a study in early Christianity* (1933)
* Kraft, Robert A. "Some Notes on Sabbath Observance in Early Christianity." *Andrews University Seminary Studies* (1965) 3: 18-33. online
* Land, Gary. *Historical Dictionary of the Seventh-day Adventists]* (Rowman & Littlefield, 2014)
* González, Justo. "A Brief History of Sunday: From the New Testament to the New Creation" (Eerdmans, 2017)