open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Adolf Hitler

**Adolf Hitler** anali mtsogoleri wa dziko la Germany kuyambira muzaka za 1934 mpakana 1945.  Adolf analinso mtsogoleri wa chipani cha Nazi, ndipo anakhala Chancellor wa Germany mu chaka cha 1933 ndiponso *Führer (fyula)* mu chaka cha 1934. Muzaka zomwe iye anali mtsogoleri, anayambitsa nkhondo yachiwiri yadziko lonse pamene ankhondo ake analowa mu dziko la Poland pa 1 Seputembala mu chaka cha 1939. Iye anali akuyang'anila zonse zochitika munkhondoyi ndipo ndi amene anatsogolera kuti anthu achiyuda okwana 6 miliyoni aphedwe.

Hilter anabadwila ku Austria - ndipo anakulira kumalo apafupi ndi dera la Linz. Iye anapita ku Germany mu chaka cha 1913 ndipo analandila nyota chifukwa cha kuzipereka kwake pakumenya nkhondo mbali ya Germany mu nkhondo yoyamba yayikulu. Iye analowa chipani cha German Workers' Party (DAP) nkhondo itatha. Hilter anasankhidwa kukhala mtsogoleri wa chipani cha Nazi mu chaka cha 1921. Mu chaka cha 1923, iye anayesela kulanda boma la Germany mu mzinda wa Munich koma analephera ndipo anamagidwa ndikupasidwa zaka zisanu mundende. Ali mundende iye analemba buku lake la moyo wake lotchedwa *Mein Kampf* (kulimbana kwanga). Anatulutsidwa mu ndende mu chaka cha 1924.  Hilter anapeza anthu omutsatila ambiri chifukwa chosagwirizana ndi mgwirizano wa Versailles, kukondera Germany yokha, kudana ndi anthu achiyuda ndi achikomunisti ndiponse kuyankhula kwake kwa mbalume ndi chikoka. Iye anamayankhula zambiri zokhuza chikomunisti kuti zinali zopangidwa ndi anthu achiyuda.  

Hilter anakhazikitsidwa kukhala mtsogoleri wa Germany ndipo anapatsidwa mphamvu zonse kulamulila Germany mu chaka cha 1933. Iye anali ndi ganizo lothamangitsa Ayuda onse mu Germany. Mu zaka zoyambiira za ulamuliro wake Hilter anabweretsa chitukuko zimene zinapangitsa anthu ambiri ku Germany kumutsatila. Iye analandanso madela amene kumakhala anthu ena achiGerman mumayiko oyandikana nawo zomwe zinasangalatsa anthu ambiri. Iye anakhazikitsanso ntchito yopanga zida za nkhondo, ndege zomenyela nkhondo komanso sitima zapamadzi. 

Ankhondo aku Germany analowa mu poland muchaka ch 1939 zimene zinapangitsa Britain ndi France kulowelera. Iye analamulanso ankhondo ake kulowa mu dziko la Soviet union. Kumapeto a chaka cha 1941, asilikali a Germany anali akalanda madela ambiri aku Ulaya komanso kumpoto kwa afrika. Koma zonsezi zinasintha mu chaka cha 1945 pamene asilikali a German anagonjetsedwa. Pa 29 Apulo mu chaka cha 1945, Hilter anakwatila chibwenzi chake cha nthawi yayitali Eva Braun ku Berlin atangokhala masiku ochepa kuti adziphe. Mumasiku awiri atangokwatilana, Hilter ndi mkazi wake anadzipha kuwopa kugwidwa ndi ankhondo aku Soviet omwe anali atafika kale mu mzinda wa Berlin. Matupi awo anawotchedwa.
Nestlé Bear Brand

Bear Brand ndi mtundu wa mkaka wa ufa ndi mkaka wosabala kuti wodarilika ndi wa Nestlé, iwo chogulitsidwa mu kum'mwera chakum'mawa Asia.
Olemba mu ciNyanja

Tsamba lino ndi ndandanda wa alembi amene analembapo ndi kusindikiza chisindikizo (buku) mu ciNyanja (Chichewa).

## MaNovelo

## Za Moyo wa Munthu

## Nkhani zosapeka

## Gwero
Gwero la ndemanga za mu tsamba lino ndi zisindikizo zotsatirazi:
Muhammad

**Muhammad** (Arabic: محمد) ( c 570 CE - 632 CE June 8.)  ali woyambitsa wa Islam.
Iye chikudziwika ngati "Mtumiki woyela" kwa Asilamu pafupifupi onse amene kuti iyeyo mneneri wotsiriza wotumidwa ndi Mulungu kwa anthu kubwezeretsa Islam.

## kubadwa
Muhammad anabadwa pafupifupi 570 CE mu mzinda Arabia wa Mecca. bambo dzina Abdullah ndi mayi dzina Amina.
## Mecca moyo
### Ubwana
Atate anamwalira miyezi 6 pamaso Muhammad anabadwa. Ndili ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, Muhammad mayi ake anamwalira Amina. kufikira zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zakubadwa, Muhammad anali pansi pa woyang'anira wa agogo ake Abdul Muttalib. Mu m'badwo wa achinyamata,Muhammad anayenda ku Syria malonda. Chifukwa cha chikhalidwe kupereka dzina labwino "Al-Amin", kutanthauza "woona mtima ndiponso wokhulupirika," ndi "al-Sadiq," kutanthauza "choonadi".
### vumbulutso loyamba

Pamene iye anali ndi zaka 40, anali maola ambiri mu pemphero ndi kuganiza za chilengedwe. Muhammad ndi kuganizira  chiwawa, chilungamo wamba mwa mitundu kudya. Mu hira phanga mngelo jibril anakaonekera Muhammad. jibril anati "Werengani", koma Muhammad anayankha "sinditha kuwerenga". mngelo kum'gwira iye namfungatira. Muhammad limanena Quranic ndime. Izi ndi vumbulutso loyamba.
## Gwero
Šiprage

**Šiprage** (Шипраге) ndi boma la Bosnia ndi Herzegovina.

Chiwerengero cha anthu: 788 (2013).

*Latitudo: 44°27'56″
*Longitudo: 17°33'36″
*Altitudo: 507-520 m
## Kwa nyengo

## Reference

## Weblink

* http://opstinakotorvaros.com/ 
*http://www.maplandia.com/bosnia-and-herzegovina/republika-srpska/siprage/ Maplandia
*http://www.satellitecitymaps.com/europe-map/bosnia-and-herzegovina-map/federation-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina-map/%C5%A1iprage-map/
*http://www.distancesfrom.com/distance-from-Siprage-to-Banja-Luka-Bosna-i-Hercegovina/DistanceHistory/5243320.aspx
*http://www.maplandia.com/bosnia-and-herzegovina/republika-srpska/siprage/ Maplandia
*http://www.satellitecitymaps.com/europe-map/bosnia-and-herzegovina-map/federation-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina-map/%C5%A1iprage-map/
*http://www.distancesfrom.com/distance-from-Siprage-to-Banja-Luka-Bosna-i-Hercegovina/DistanceHistory/5243320.aspx
*http://www.udaljenosti.com/bosna/- Distances in B&H
Zathu

**Zathu** ikumangilira wayilesi, manyuzi, internet ndi zonse zokonda achisodzera M’malawi muno powapatsila show pawayilesi, nyimbo zomvera komanso nyimbo zapakanema. 

Kuyambila pa 24 April sabata iliyonse Zathu Pawayilesi iziwulutsa maprogramu ake pa nyumba zinayi zowulutsa mawu: MBC Radio 2, Zodiak, Yoneco FM ndi Voice of Livingstonia.

Paphata penipeni pa ‘Zathu’ pali anthu 6 omwe akuyimila achinyamata muno Mmalawi monga: T-Reel- (Ovuta), Annetti (Wopulumuka m’mazunzo), Mphatso (Wolimba mtima), JP(Wosachedwa kukhuzidwa), Xander (Wamtima wabwino) ndi Chikondi (Wamaloto akuya).

Zathu pawayilesi ndi pulogalamu yomwe ili ndi sewero losanthula moyo wa achinyamata amene ayamba kupeza maubwezi ndi kutsatila maloto awo. Ilinso ndi nyimbo kuchokela ku band ya Zathu ndi maCelebu ena. 

Palinso malangizo mu ‘Talk Show’ kuchokela kwa anthu achitsanzo (role models) muno M’malawi. Palinso  “Gogo” yemwe akuyankha mafunso achinyamata komanso kupeleka malangizo..

Akukupatsilani pulogalamuyi ndi Lily B ndi DJ Goxy

Tsamba la painternet ya ‘Zathu’ www.zathu.mw mutha kulipeza pa facebook mwaulere, limenenso lizayambe kupezeka pa 17 April, 2017. Zathu ndiyathuyathu a Malawi ndipo ikupangidwa ndi a Malawi ndi thandizo lochokera ku Girl Effect.
 
## Discography
Nyimbo yomvera ndi kuonera, nkuphatikiza ndi sewero inatulutsidwa mu April, 2017.
Islam

**Islam** ndi chipembedzo monotheistic.
ndikukhulupirira wa Islam ndi "Only Mulungu (Allah)". Muhammad ndi mthenga. Islam ndi chipembedzo cha dziko yachiwiri yaikulu kwambiri. Islam ndi chipembedzo cha kukula mofulumira.

## Concept wa Mulungu

Mulungu akufotokozedwa m'mutu 112 la Qur'an motere:"Iye ndi Mulungu, Amene ndi Only Mulungu, Wamuyaya, Mtheradi. Iye begetteth ayi, kapena mwini. Palibe wina wonga iye."
## Aneneri
The Qur'an akutchula maina a kanjedza ambiri ankaona aneneri mu Islam, kuphatikizapo Adam, Nowa, Abulahamu, Mose ndi Yesu Kristu, ndi ena. Muhammad ndi mneneri omaliza.
## Gwero
France

**France** (fr. - *France*) ndi dziko lomwe limapezeka ku Europu.

Chinese weather reger 
o cha anthem :  (2016).

## Malifalensi
Roubaix

**Roubaix** ndi mzinda kumpoto kwa France ndi malire a dziko la Belgium. Mu 2013, chiwerengero cha anthu okhala mumzindawu chinali .

* Webusaiti yovomerezeka ya Roubaix **(fr)**
Michael Jackson

**Michael Joseph Jackson** (29 Ogosita 1958 - 25 Juni 2009), ndi American woimba. Iye ankadziwika monga *King of Pop* (Mfumu ya Pop).
Burger King

**Burger King** inali bungwe lapadziko lonse la chakudya chomwe chinali kugulitsa s s. Nthambi yake yoyamba yotsegulidwa 1954, Miami, Florida.

Mmodzi wa dziko lonse lopambana ndi Mfumu ya Burger ndi hamburger wotchedwa "Whopper".

Pamene Burger King anaganiza zofutukula ntchito yawo ku Australia, adadziwa kuti bizinesi yawo inali kale yomwe inali yothamanga ndi sitolo yaing'ono yogulitsa chakudya. Ndipotu, ndalama yoyamba ya ku Australia ya Burger King Coporation, yomwe inakhazikitsidwa ku Perth, inalembedwa molakwika **Matelaina Jack**, kutchulidwa dzina ndi kumva za chilolezo Jack Cowin. Onetsetsani kuti Jack akugulitsa gulu la burgers, komanso katswiri wa ku Australia, Burger Aussie. Burger iyi imachokera ku chidwi cha ku Australia nsomba zomwe amakonda kwambiri minofu, kuphatikizapo mazira, Bacon, anyezi ndi beetroot ndi nyama, msuzi, ndi phwetekere.
Carl's Jr.

**Carl's Jr.** ndi chakudya chodyera chakudya ogwiritsa ntchito CKE Restaurants Holdings, Inc., ndi malo makamaka kumadzulo ndi Southwestern United States.
Pizza Hut

**Pizza kanyumba** (English: Pizza kanyumba) wa American odyera zakudya zachangu ndipo ali nthambi mu mayiko ambiri Alm.o akatswiri odyera zakudya pitsa mitundu yonse, koma ali Okhry.kma zokopa kugwirizana kwa ofunsira kunja utumiki kuwonjezera kuthekera kudya odyera.
Jack in the Box

**Jack in the Box** ndi American chakudya chodyera restaurant chain. Inakhazikitsidwa mu 1951 ndi Robert O. Peterson.
Norge

Mzinda wa mfumu: Oslo.
* Maonekedwe: 385,207 km²(2020)
* Kuchuluka: 14.6 ta’ata/km² 
* Chiwerengero cha anthu: 5,627,400(2026)

Geiranger2.JPG|Geiranger
Sognefjord, Norway.jpg|Sognefjord
Vippetangen2.jpg|Oslo
Vegaoyan.jpg|West Norway coast
Mixed_Picea_(Spruce)_forest_from_Vestfold_county_in_Norway.jpg|Forest
Norway National House.JPG|Norway National House
Troll_A_Platform.jpg|Oil platform


## Malifalensi
Mbendera ya Berber

**Mbendera ya Berber** (zilankhulo za Berber: ⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ, Acenyal Amaziɣ) ndi mbendera yomwe yavomerezedwa kwa Berbers. Pakali pano amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ovomerezeka a Berber m'mayiko 10 [omwe?] A ku Africa.

Mbendera inakhazikitsidwa ku Ouadhia, tawuni ya Kabylia yomwe ili ku Tizi Ouzou, dera la Algeria, ndi mkulu wa algeria wa Kabylian dzina lake Mohand Arav Bessaoud. Ankaonedwa kuti ndi bambo wauzimu wa Berberism komanso anali wolemba komanso wovomerezeka ku Algeria.
Waleed Al-Husseini

## Bibliography

**Blasphémateur ! : les prisons d'Allah*, 2015, Grasset ()
**English translation: 
**Une trahison française : Les collaborationnistes de l'islam radical devoilés* ("A French Treason: The Collaborators of Radical Islam Unveiled"), 2017, Éditions Ring 

## Note

Waleed Al-Husseini
B'Flow

**Brian Mumba Kasoka Bwembya**(anabadwa November 12) amadziwika bwino ndi dzina lake la pa siteji **B Flow** (inalembedwanso monga **B'Flow** kapena **B-Flow**) ndi Zambian Dancehall ndi Hip Hop woimba ndi wolemba nyimbo. Iye ali pulezidenti wamakono wa komiti ya HIV / AIDS ndi Social Commentary (HASC) komiti ya Zambia ya Oimba (ZAM). Iye ndi ambassador wapadziko lonse polimbana ndi AIDS Healthcare Foundation (AHF) B Flow adatenganso njira yatsopano ndi nyimbo zake, kusintha mtundu wake ku zomwe tsopano zimatchedwa "KaliDanceHall" (Kusakanizika kwa nyimbo za Kalindula za Zambian ndi Dance Hall). Mu November 2016, bungwe la United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) lotchedwa B Flow ndi limodzi mwa mau 16 oyambitsa zowononga chiwawa padziko lonse lapansi. 

## Biography
### Moyo wakuubwana

B Flow anabadwira ku Kabwe pa 12 November. Anakulira ndi agogo ake a Matilda Chiti-Byrne ndi amayi ake Mirriam Mulenga Mumba Byrne, wapolisi. B Akuyenda maina kuchokera kwa azimayi a Zambia omwe ali Chris Mbewe wa Great Witch Band, Anna Mwale wa Mwale Sisters ndi Ras Willie. Ali ndi zaka 8 iye ndi anzake adagwiritsa ntchito gulu laling'ono poika miphika ndi zidebe m'zotchi ndikupanga mabotolo (omwe si magetsi) pogwiritsa ntchito mapini, matabwa ndi zingwe. Pakati pa gulu B B Flow ndiye yekha yemwe tsopano ndi woimba. Album ya B Flow yoyamba Mpu mpu mpu (kutanthauza mtima) inatulutsidwa mu 2009. Albumyi inapanga B Flow kuzindikira mu 2009 Zambia Ngoma Awards ndi solo yake yachiwiri yotchedwa 'No More Kawilo' inatulutsidwa mu 2011 (kutanthauza kusungulumwa). Album yake yachitatu 'Voiceless Woman' inatulutsidwa mu 2013. Album yake yachisanu Mama wokondedwa kudzipatulira kwa amayi ake anatulutsidwa mu 2016.

## Malire
Monte Águila (Chile)

**Monte Águila** ndi tauni ya Chile yomwe ili m'dera la Biobío, m'chigawo cha Cabrero, makilomita 6 kummwera kwa mzinda womwewo. Lili ndi anthu 6,090 okhalamo.
File:Inauguracion Nueva Plaza de Monte Aguila 2017 (12).jpg| Lalikulu lalikulu.
File:Bomberos monte aguila.jpg| Pokonza moto.
File:Img-estadio.jpg| Bwalo la mpira.
File:Carros abandonados mte aguila.jpg| Makina oyendetsa sitima akugwiritsa ntchito, musitima ya tawuni.
Edirne

**Edirne**, ndi mzinda ku dziko la Turkey.

Chiwerengero cha anthu: 165.979.

## External links

* www.edirne.bel.tr
* www.edirne.gov.tr
Linda Secondary School

**Linda Secondary School** ndi sukulu ya boma ya anyamata ndi atsikana ku Livingstone. Inakhazikitsidwa mu 1963. Sukuluyi ili pafupi makilomita awiri kum'maŵa kwa Livingstone City. Sukuluyi imadziwikanso chifukwa chogonjetsa masewera a mpira wa Copa Coca-Cola 2016 ku Zambia. Sukulu ya sekondale ya Linda amasankha Makala 7 ndi a Grade 9s omwe akufuna kuchokera ku Livingstone.

## Zolemba
Hillcrest Technical Secondary School

**Hillcrest Technical Secondary School** ndi Sukulu ya Sekondale ya Boma yomwe ikuyambira pa Grade Eight (8) nakufika ku Grade Twelve (12). Sukulu ili ku Livingstone, Zambia, ndipo inakhazikitsidwa mu 1956. Iyi ndi imodzi mwa masukulu akuluakulu m'dzikoli kusankha ophunzira kuchokera kumadera onse ku Zambia. Sukuluyi imapereka maphunziro onse a O Level ndi A Level ndipo ndisukulu ya co-curricular.

## Zolemba
Edgar Lungu

**Edgar Chagwa Lungu** (11 November 1956 – 5 June 2025) ndi Pulezidenti wa Zambia kuyambira January 2015. Pansi pa Pulezidenti Michael Sata, Lungu adakhala ngati Pulezidenti wa Chilungamo ndi Mtumiki wa Chitetezo. Pansi pa Pulezidenti Michael Sata, Lungu anatumikira monga Minister of Justice ndi Minister of Defence. Pambuyo pa imfa ya Sata mu October  2014, Lungu adasankhidwa kukhala wodzitcha wa Patriotic Front chifukwa cha chisankho cha pulezidenti mu January 2015, chomwe chinali choti adziwe omwe angatumikire nthawi yotsala ya Sata. Amataya zisankho za Purezidenti wa 2021 kwa wotsutsa wakale Hakainde Hichilema.
## Zolemba

## Zogwirizana zakunja
*
Pulezidenti wa Zambia

**Purezidenti wa Zambia** ndi mtsogoleri wa boma komanso mkulu wa boma la Zambia mtsogoleri wa asilikali a Zambiya. Purezidenti makamaka ali ndi udindo wolamula malamulo a phwando limene perezidenti ali nawo. Purezidenti amatsogolere ndondomeko ya dziko la Zambia. Purezidenti amasankhidwa mwachindunji ndi anthu kudzera mu chisankho cha pulezidenti kwa zaka zisanu, ndipo ali mmodzi mwa anthu awiri okha omwe amasankhidwa kukhala a dziko, wina kukhala Vice Purezidenti wa Zambia. Atsogoleri awiri okha ndiwo adakhala purezidenti chifukwa cha imfa ya pulezidenti. Edgar Lungu wodalirika anasankhidwa Lamlungu, pa 25 January, 2016. Posankha chisankho cha pulezidenti chidzachitika mu 2021. 

## Mphamvu ndi ntchito
1. Pulezidenti amachita izi ndi mphamvu zotsatirazi:
:* Zikwangwani zolemba ziyenera kuperekedwa ndi mu nyumba yamalamulo.
:* Onetsani misonkhano ndi Cabinet
:* Fotokozani mikangano ya chikhalidwe pakati pa maphwando omwe akuyimira Pulezidenti kapena pakati pa zigawo za boma pamtundu uliwonse wa boma ku Khoti Lalikulu la Malamulo.
:* Chitani ulemu.
:* Kusankha, kuvomeleza, kulandira ndi kuzindikira amithenga, oimira nthumwi ndi akuluakulu ena.
:* Sankhani makomiti a mafunso.
:* Kambiranani ndi kulemba mgwirizano wa mayiko
2.  Purezidenti adzafunsana ndi Purezidenti Wachiwiri.
:* Kupititsa patsogolo ndi kutsata ndondomeko za boma lonse.
:* Nkhani zonse zokhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka nduna za boma komanso ntchito za bizinesi ya Cabinet.
:* Purezidenti akutchulidwa kuti "Mbuye Wanu" kapena "Mayi / Purezidenti" ndipo amatchedwa "Wolemekezeka (dzina)".

## Malo okhala
Nyumba ya State House ku Lusaka ndi malo okhalamo pulezidenti.
## Chitetezo
Gulu lapadera la apolisi ochokera ku Polisi ya Zambia akuimbidwa mlandu woteteza purezidenti komanso banja loyamba. Monga gawo la chitetezo chawo, azidindo, amayi oyambirira, ana awo ndi mamembala ena apamtima, ndi anthu ena otchuka. 

## Atsogoleri a Zambia (1964- apano)
**Mfungulo**

; *Zipani zandale*

*  United National Independence Party (UNIP)
*  Ulendo wa Democracy-Party Democracy (MMD)
*  Patriotic Front (PF)

; *Zizindikiro*

* **<sup>§</sup>** Osankhidwa popanda wopikisana naye
* **<sup>†</sup>** Adamwalira muofesi

## Mawu amtsinde

## Atsogoleri oyambirira a moyo
Pali awiri omwe anali a Pulezidenti wa Zambiya omwe kale anali pulezidenti wadziko:


File:Rupiah Banda.jpg|**[[Rupiah Banda]]**(2008–2011)
File:Guy Scott.png|**[[Guy Scott]]**(2014–2015)


## Onaninso

* Mkazi woyamba wa Zambia
*Mndandanda wa atsogoleri a mayiko aku India
*Mndandanda wa atsogoleri a mayiko aku Zambia
* Kazembe waku Northern Rhodesia
* Nduna ya Zambia 
* Mndandanda wa omwe ali ndi maofesi
* Mndandanda wamitu yamayiko ndi maboma

## Zogwirizana zakunja
*World Statesmen - Zambia
Mndandanda wa Atsogoleri a Zambia

**Pulezidenti wa Zambia** ndi mtsogoleri wa boma komanso mtsogoleri wa boma la Zambia. Ofesiyi inayamba kugwira ntchito ndi Kenneth Kaunda pambuyo pa ufulu wodzilamulira mu 1964. Kuchokera mu 1991, pamene Kaunda adachokera ku Presidency, ofesiyo yakhala ndi ena asanu: Frederick Chiluba, Levy Mwanawasa, Rupiah Banda, Michael Sata, ndi Purezidenti wamakono Edgar Lungu. Kuwonjezera apo, Pulezidenti Guy Scott wothandizira adagwira ntchito panthawi yomwe Pulezidenti Michael Sata anamwalira. Kuchokera pa 31 August 1991 Purezidenti nayenso ali mtsogoleri wa boma, popeza udindo wa Pulezidenti unathetsedwa m'miyezi yapitayi ya Kaunda. Purezidenti amasankhidwa kwa zaka zisanu. Kuchokera m'chaka cha 1991, wogwira ntchitoyo wakhala wotsatizana ndi ziwiri.

## List
### Monarch

### List of governors of Northern Rhodesia

### List of governors-general of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland

### List of Prime Ministers of Zambia

### List

### List of first ladies

## External links

*Mndandanda wa Atsogoleri a India
Jaynagar Majilpur

**Jaynagar Majilpur** ndi mzinda ku dziko la India.

Chiwerengero cha anthu: 25,922 (2011)
* Maonekedwe: 5.85 km² 
* Kuchuluka: 4,431 ta’ata/km²
Dziko Lathu

**Dziko Lathu** kapena **Chalo Chatu** ndilojekiti ya intaneti yolemba mu chinenero cha Chingerezi yomwe ikulemba zochitika zonse Zambia zokha zokhudzana ndi zochitika zakale ndi zochitika zamakono, makampani, mabungwe, webusaiti, dziko zipilala ndi zinthu zina zofunikira za Zambia. Webusaitiyi ndipanda malipiro: ogwiritsa ntchito samalipiritsa koma angasankhe kupereka ku Chalo Chatu Foundation. Ndi "zotseguka", izi zikutanthawuza kuti aliyense angathe kuzijambula. Ndilo buku lalikulu kwambiri komanso lokhalokha pa intaneti ku Zambia. Dzina la Chalo Chatu likutanthauzira ngati dziko lathu mu chinenero cha Zambiya. Chalo Chatu inayamba pa June 1, 2016 ndi Jason Mulikita. Chalo Chatu ali ndi bungwe la Zambia, Chalo Chatu Foundation, yomwe ili ku Lusaka.

## Other websites

* Website
* Official Facebook Page
* Official YouTube Channel
* Official Twitter Account
Wikipedia

**Wikipedia** ndi ma multilingual, web-based, encyclopedia yaulere yotengera chitsanzo cha zinthu zowonongeka. Ndilo buku lalikulu kwambiri komanso lodziwika bwino lomwe likuwonekera pa intaneti, ndipo ndi imodzi mwa malo otchuka kwambiri ndi Alexa.Zili ndi mwiniwake komanso wothandizidwa ndi Wikimedia Foundation, bungwe la 501 (c) (3) bungwe / bungwe lopanda phindu lomwe limagwira ntchito ndalama zomwe amalandira kuchokera kwa opereka.

## Zolemba

## Zogwirizana zakunja

* &nbsp;– multilingual portal (contains links to all language editions) (wikipedia.com still redirects here)
* 
* 
* Wikipedia topic page at *[[The New York Times]]*
* Video of TED talk by Jimmy Wales on the birth of Wikipedia
Kutsegulira kwa Edgar Lungu

**Kutsegulira kachiwiri kwa [[Edgar Lungu]]** monga Purezidenti wachisanu ndi chimodzi wa Zambia ndi Inonge Wina monga wachiwiri kwa purezidenti. Mwambowu unachitikira Lachiwiri, pa September 13, 2016 ku National Heroes Stadium. Tsiku la kutsegulira linakhazikitsidwa monga holide yapamwamba komanso Lolemba pa September 12, 2016 ngati theka la ntchito. Lungu adapambana chisankho cha chisankho cha 2016, atalandira 50.35% ya voti.

## References
Mic Burner

**Michael Mandona** (was born May 31, 1990) Professionally known as **Mic Burner**, is a Hip-hop/ Dancehall/ Afro-fusion recording artist from Ndola Copperbelt province in Zambia.

## '''Life & Career'''
 He is best known for his hit song "Thought *of You"* released in 2015 which costed over US $ 50,000 at the time and was shoot in South Africa and Namibia. While in Ndola he attended school at St. Andrews High School through completed his senior secondary school from Kamwala High School in Lusaka. 

## '''Discography'''
He has released several hit songs like **"**Moment**", "**Kenneth Kaunda**",** "Lo Debar", "Chema" and "Fuss" and "Thought of you" Mic burner has 2 officially albums/ EPs called "In-Check**"** in 2018 and "A Tape With Mic Burner" with notable features with artists like "Slapdee" and "Yo maps"  to name a few which established him in the Zambian music scene.

## '''Awards & nominations'''

## zakunja
* 
## Malire
Encyclopedia

Buku la **encyclopedia** kapena **encyclopaedia** ndilo buku lofotokozera kapena kufotokozera mwachidule zidule za chidziwitso kuchokera kwa nthambi zonse kapena kuchokera ku munda kapena chilango. 
Mapulogalamu amagawidwa kukhala zigawo kapena zolembedwera zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakonzedweratu ndi alfabheti ndi dzina lachaputala ndi nthawi zina ndi zigawo zosiyana. Zolemba za Encyclopedia ndizowonjezereka komanso zowonjezereka kuposa zomwe ziri muzinenero zambiri. Kawirikawiri, mosiyana ndi zolemba za dikishonale zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso cha zilankhulo za mawu, monga tanthawuzo, kutchulidwa, kugwiritsa ntchito, ndi mawonekedwe a grammatical, nkhani zolemba mabuku zimagwiritsa ntchito mfundo zeniyeni zokhudzana ndi nkhani yotchulidwa m'nkhani ya mutuwo. 

Mapulogalamu ena akhalapo kwa zaka zoposa 2,000 ndipo adasintha kwambiri kuyambira nthawi imeneyo monga chinenero (cholembedwa m'zinenero zamitundu yonse kapena chinenero chamanja), kukula (zochepa kapena zambiri), cholinga (kufotokozera dziko lonse kapena zochepa za chidziwitso) (chidziwitso, chikhalidwe), kuwerenga (maphunziro, chikhalidwe, zofuna, mphamvu), komanso zipangizo zamakono zomwe zimapezeka kuti zikhale ndi zogawira (zolembedwa pamanja, zochepa kapena zazikulu kusindikizidwa, kutulutsa intaneti). Monga gwero lamtengo wapatali la chidziwitso chodalirika chinapangidwa ndi akatswiri, mabaibulo osindikizidwa omwe amapezeka malo otchuka mu makalata, masukulu ndi masukulu ena a maphunziro.

## Zolemba
Tsamba Lalikulu/Zinenero Zina

**1,000,000 nkhani kapena zambiri**
 

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**500,000 nkhani kapena zambiri**
 

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**100,000 nkhani kapena zambiri**
 

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**African Language Wikipedias ndi zolembera zoposa 1000**
 

Afrikaans&nbsp;·
Kiswahili&nbsp;·


**Chilankhulo china chaching'ono cha ku Africa Wikipedias**
 

Afar&nbsp;·
Afrikaans&nbsp;·
Akan&nbsp;·
አማርኛ&nbsp;·
Bamanankan&nbsp;·
chiShona&nbsp;·
chiTumbuka&nbsp;·
Ɛʋɛ&nbsp;·
Fulfude&nbsp;·
Gĩkũyũ&nbsp;·
هَوُسَ&nbsp;·
Igbo&nbsp;·
isiXhosa&nbsp;·
isiZulu&nbsp;·
Kanuri&nbsp;·
Kinyarwanda&nbsp;·
Kirundi&nbsp;·
Kiswahili&nbsp;·
Kongo&nbsp;·
Kuanyama&nbsp;·
Lingala&nbsp;·
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Malti&nbsp;·
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Otsiherero&nbsp;·
Sängö&nbsp;·
seSotho&nbsp;·
Setswana&nbsp;·
SiSwati&nbsp;·
Soomaaliga&nbsp;·
ትግርኛ&nbsp;·
Tshivenda&nbsp;·
Twi&nbsp;·
Wolof&nbsp;·
Xitsonga&nbsp;·
Yorùbá&nbsp;·


**[[m:Complete list of language Wikipedias available|Lembani mndandanda wa Wikipedias]]** – 
**[[:en:Wikipedia:Embassy|Zinenero zikugwira ntchito limodzi]]** – 
**[[m:Language proposal policy|Yambani Wikipedia kuti mukhale chinenero chatsopano]]**



----
Tsamba ili ndi gawo la Tsamba Lalikulu
Wikidata

**Wikidata** ndi wiki yomwe ndi mndandanda wa data pa intaneti. Zomwe zimasungidwa ku Wikidata zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi mawebusaiti othandizana monga Wikipedia. Wikidata yapangidwa kuti anthu ndi makina athe kuziwerenga. Kuyambira mu September 2016, ili ndi zinthu zoposa 20 miliyoni za deta.

## References
Mtsogoleri Wa Mpira 2019

**Mtsogoleri wa mpira 2019** ndiwotchiyi yomwe imabwera ndi masewero a masewera a mpira wotchedwa Sports Interactive ndi yofalitsidwa ndi Sega yomwe yatulutsidwa padziko lonse pa 2 November 2018 kwa Microsoft Windows, MacOS, Linux ndi Nintendo Switch.

## Wolemba

## Zolemba
FIFA 18

***FIFA 18*** ndi masewero a masewera a mpira owonetsera mpira mu masewero a FIFA, opangidwa ndi ofalitsidwa ndi Electronic Arts ndipo adatulutsidwa padziko lonse pa 29 September 2017 kwa Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, Xbox One ndi Nintendo Kusintha. Ndilo gawo la 25 mu mndandanda wa FIFA. Mmodzi wa maseŵera a Real Madrid Cristiano Ronaldo akuwoneka ngati wothamanga wothamanga.

FIFA 18 ndi gawo lachiwiri mndandanda wogwiritsa ntchito injini ya masewera 3 a Frostbite, ngakhale kuti masewera ena amagwiritsira ntchito injini yosiyana. Mu PlayStation 4, Microsoft Windows ndi Xbox One Mabaibulo akuphatikizapo kupitiliza "Ulendo" machitidwe-based mode omwe poyamba FIFA 17 mutu wakuti "Kubwezeretsa kwa Hunter". Mabaibulo a PlayStation 3 ndi Xbox 360, otchedwa FIFA 18: Legacy Edition, alibe zochitika zatsopano zamasewera pambali pa kits zomwe zamasinthidwa ndi squads.

## Kutulutsidwa
FIFA 18 inatulutsidwa padziko lonse pa 29 September 2017 kwa Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Xbox One ndi Nintendo Switch. Cristiano Ronaldo akupezeka pa chivundikiro cha bokosi la masewera.

Pa April 30, 2018, EA idalengeza zaulere kuonjezera pa 2018 FIFA World Cup, yomwe ili ndi magulu onse okwana 32 (komanso magulu onse a FIFA 18) ndi masewera 12 omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa World Cup 2018 FIFA. kuphatikizapo kuthekera kwa oseŵera kupanga mapikisano awo omwe amakongoletsedwa a World Cup. Anatulutsidwa pa 29 May 2018 kwa PC, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4 ndi Xbox One masewerawo, ndi FIFA Mobile kupeza nthawi yochepa pa 6 June 2018.

## Kulandira
FIFA 18 inalandira ndemanga zabwino "zovomerezeka" za PS4, Xbox One ndi PC masewerawo, pomwe Nintendo Switch version inalandira "zosakaniza kapena zowerengera" ndemanga kuchokera kwa otsutsa, malinga ndi ndemanga ya aggregator Metacritic.

Muzokambirana kwawo akulemba 7 pa 10, GameSpot analemba, "Kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masewera omwe amapereka ndi momwe zonse zasonyezedwera, kusinthidwa kwanthawi zonse mu Team FUT ya Week, Zolinga za Tsiku ndi tsiku, ndikukambirana za zochitika zenizeni muzofotokozera, FIFA 18 imatenga dziko lonse la mpira ndikutanthauzira mosakayikira masewera a kanema. Komabe, pamtunda, masewera a mpira a EA akadakali kumbuyo kwa mpira wa PES 2018, womwe umakhutitsa mpira. " IGN inapereka 8.1 / 10, kunena kuti, "Kuganizira kwambiri za kuukiridwa koma kuwonjezereka kochepa kwatsopano kumapangitsa izi kukhala zodabwitsa ngati zinachitikira zopanda pake."

## Zolemba
Mpira

**Maseŵera a mpira**, omwe amadziwikanso ngati mpira ndi masewera a masewera omwe amasewera pakati pa magulu awiri a osewera khumi ndi limodzi omwe ali ndi mpira wozungulira. Iwo amasewera ndi osewera 250 miliyoni m'mayiko oposa 200 ndi kudalira, ndikupanga masewera otchuka kwambiri padziko lapansi.  Masewerawa amasewera m'munda wamakono ndi cholinga pakutha. Cholinga cha masewerawo ndi kuponya mpira pogwiritsa ntchito mzere wopita kutsogolo.Msonkhano wa mpira ndi umodzi wa banja la masewera a mpira omwe adatuluka m'maseŵera osiyanasiyana a mpira omwe adasewera padziko lapansi kuyambira kale. Masewera amasiku ano akuwonekera kuyambira 1863 pamene Malamulo a Masewera adayambitsidwa ku England ndi The Football Association.

Osewera saloledwa kugwira mpirawo ndi manja kapena manja pamene akusewera, pulumutsani ozilonda m'deralo. Ena osewera amagwiritsa ntchito miyendo yawo kumenyana kapena kupitila mpira, koma amagwiritsanso ntchito mbali ina iliyonse ya thupi lawo kupatula manja ndi mikono. Iye adagonjetsa zolinga zambiri pamapeto pa masewerawo. Ngati mpikisano uli pamapeto pa masewerowo, mwina kujambulitsa kumatchulidwa kapena masewerawa amapita nthawi yowonjezera kapena kuwombera chilango malinga ndi mtundu wa mpikisano. Msonkhano wa mpira wautali umayendetsedwa padziko lonse ndi International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; French: Fédération Internationale de Football Association), yomwe ikukonzekeretsa Zophika Zapadziko lonse kwa amuna ndi akazi zaka zinayi zilizonse

## Mfundo

## Zolemba
Isaac Newton

**Sir Isaac Newton** PRS FRS (25 December 1642 - 20 March 1726/27) anali katswiri wa masamu, katswiri wa zakuthambo, katswiri wa zaumulungu, wolemba ndi fizikia (yemwe anafotokozedwa mu tsiku lake ngati "filosofi yachilengedwe") yemwe amadziwika kwambiri kuti ndi mmodzi mwa asayansi otchuka kwambiri nthawi zonse, ndi chiwerengero chofunikira pa zasinthidwe. Buku lake lakuti Philosophia Naturalis Principia Mathematica ("Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy"), loyamba lofalitsidwa mu 1687, linakhazikitsidwa maziko a makina achilengedwe.

Newton anafotokoza zochitika za chilengedwe pogwiritsa ntchito masamu. Iye anafotokoza malamulo a kuyendayenda ndi kugwidwa. Malamulo amenewa ndi masamu omwe amafotokoza momwe zinthu zimasunthira pamene mphamvu imawathandiza. Isaac anasindikiza buku lake lotchuka kwambiri, Principia, mu 1687 pamene anali pulofesa wa masamu ku Trinity College, Cambridge. Mu Principia, Isake anafotokoza malamulo atatu omwe amayendetsa njira zomwe zimayenda. Kenako anafotokoza lingaliro lake, kapena lingaliro, za mphamvu yokoka. Mphamvu yokoka ndi mphamvu imene imayambitsa zinthu. Ngati pensulo idagwa pa desiki, idzagwa pansi, osati padenga. Mu bukhu lake Isaac adagwiritsanso ntchito malamulo ake kusonyeza kuti mapulaneti amayenda kuzungulira dzuŵa m'mitsinje yomwe ili yozungulira, osati yozungulira. Isake anazindikiranso zosiyana. Izi zinamupangitsa kuti alowe m'munda wafizikiki, kumene iye anayenda bwino.

## Moyo wam'mbuyomu ndi ntchito yoyambirira
Isaac Newton anabadwa pa 25 December 1642, m'nyumba ya nyumba ku Lincolnshire, England. Bambo ake anamwalira miyezi itatu asanabadwe. Pamene Isaki anali ndi amayi ake atatu, anakwatiwanso, ndipo Isaki anakhala ndi agogo ake. Iye sankafuna chidwi ndi famu ya banja, choncho anatumizidwa ku yunivesite ya Cambridge kuti akaphunzire. Nthaŵi zina amauzidwa kuti Isaac Newton akuwerenga buku pansi pa mtengo pamene apulo kuchokera pamtengo anagwa pafupi ndi iye. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti aziwerengera mphamvu yokoka.
## Zolemba
Rungano Nyoni

**Rangano Nyoni** (wobadwa pa May 17, 1982) ndi wojambula filimu wa Zambian-Welsh komanso wolemba masewerawa omwe amadziwa bwino filimu I Sitiri Mfiti imene inalembedwa ndi kulembedwa mu filimu yake yoyamba. Pulogalamu yake yoyamba, *The List*, inapambana BAFTA Cymru mu 2010.

## Ntchito
Atabadwira ku Zambia, anasamukira ku Wales ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi zinayi. Wophunzira pa yunivesite ya Arts ku London, adatsogolera mafilimu angapo ochepa (List, Mwansa Wamkulu, Mverani), omwe adalandira mphoto yake komanso kutsutsidwa. Mvetserani (Kuuntele) amalandira Best Short Film Award ku Tribeca Film Festival mu 2015. Choyamba chachabechabe chake, Ine Sindiri Wamatsenga, ndinasankhidwa pa Phwando la Mafilimu la Cannes 2017 la Otsogolera. The Best Director ndi Best Director Award pa filimu yoyamba pa 20th British Independent Film Awards 2017.

## Filmography
### Wofotokoza Mafilimu / Mafilimu Olemba / Mafilimu Anapangidwa

### Actress

## Zolemba
Abrahamu

**Abrahamu**(/ˈeɪbrəhæm, -həm/; Chiheberi: אַבְרָהָם‬, Zamakono ʾAvraham, Tiberian ʾAḇrāhām; Chiarabu: إبراهيم Ibrahim) (poyamba **Abramu** (Chihebri: אַבְרָם, Adiramu wamakono, Tiberiya Abramu)) ndi mwamuna mu Bukhu la Genesis ndi Qur'an. Kumeneku, akunenedwa kukhala atate wa Ayuda onse. Izi ndi chifukwa iye ndi kholo lawo. Abrahamu ndi mbali ya zipembedzo zachiyuda, zachikhristu ndi zachisilamu. Abrahamu akuonedwa ngati atate wa zipembedzo zitatuzi, zomwe zimatchedwa zipembedzo za Abrahamu.omari Kamona 

Abrahamu ndi atate wa Isaki ndi mkazi wake Sarah. Iye ali ndi Ismaeli ndi Hagara, mdzakazi wa Sarah, ndipo ali ndi ana ena ndi Keturah, amene amamkwatira pambuyo pa imfa ya Sarah. Ndi agogo ake a Yakobo ndi Esau. Abrahamu akukhulupilira kuti ndiye kholo lokhazikitsidwa la Aisrayeli, Aismaeli ndi Aedomu. Abrahamu anali mwana wachitatu wa Tera komanso mdzukulu wa Nahori. Abale ake a Abrahamu anali Nahori ndi Harana.
Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse

**Nkhondo Yachiŵiri Yadziko Lonse** (**World War II**, **WWII** kapena **WW2**), yomwe imatchedwanso **Second World War** ndipo, mu Soviet Union, **Nkhondo Yaikulu Yachikristu**, inali nkhondo yapadziko lonse yokhudzana kumenyana m'mayiko ambiri ndi m'mayiko ambiri. Mayiko ambiri anamenyana 1939-1945 koma ena anayamba kumenyana mu 1937. Ambiri mwa mayiko a dziko, kuphatikizapo mphamvu zonse, adagonjetsedwa monga mbali ya mgwirizano wa nkhondo: Allies ndi Axis Powers. Nkhondo yachiŵiri yapadziko lonse inali nkhondo yoopsa kwambiri m'mbiri yonse ya anthu. Zinaphatikizapo maiko ambiri, ndalama zambiri, ndikupha anthu ambiri kuposa nkhondo ina iliyonse m'mbiri ya anthu. Pakati pa anthu 50 mpaka 85 miliyoni anafa. Ambiri anali anthu wamba. Zinaphatikizapo kupha anthu, kupha anthu mwachangu kupha anthu, kupha mabomba, njala, matenda komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida za nyukiliya.

Nkhondo ku Asia inayamba pamene ufumu wa Japan unaukira China pa 7 July 1937. United States inachititsa kuti dziko la Japan likhale ndi vuto la mafuta. Chiyambi cha nkhondo ku Ulaya ndi pamene Germany inagonjetsa Poland pa 1 September 1939. France ndi Britain adalengeza nkhondo ku Germany. Pofika m'chaka cha 1941, Ulaya ambiri ankalamulidwa ndi Germany. Dziko la Britain okha ndilo linapitirizabe kulimbana ndi Axis ku North Africa, Mediterranean, ndi Atlantic. Mu June 1941, mphamvu za Axis zinagonjetsa Soviet Union, kuyambira m'dera lalikulu kwambiri pa nkhondo. Pa December 7, 1941, dziko la Japan linagonjetsa mayiko a Kumadzulo ku Pacific ndipo nkhondo ziwirizo zinakhala chimodzi.

Kugonjetsa kwa Japan kunaimitsidwa mu 1942, ndipo kupambana kwa Axis ku Ulaya kunanenedwa ndi 1943, kumpoto kwa Africa ndi Soviet Union. Pambuyo pake, Allies anayamba kumenyana kuchokera kumbali zonse. Axis anagonjetsa North Africa ndipo, kuyambira 1943, anakakamizidwa kuteteza Italy. Mu 1944, Allies anaukira France, akupita ku Germany pa mtsinje wa Rhine, pamene Soviets anali kutseka kummawa. Germany anagonjera mu May 1945. Japan idapereka pa 2 Septembala 1945. Nkhondoyo inatha ndi mgwirizano wa Allied.

Nkhondo itatha, bungwe la United Nations linakhazikitsidwa kuti likhazikitse chithandizo pakati pa mayiko ndikuletsa nkhondo zam'tsogolo. Cold War pakati pa anthu opambanawo adayamba pomwepo, koma sanalimbane wina ndi mzake pankhondo yeniyeni. Kuwonongeka kwa Asia ndi Africa, kumene mayiko awo oyang'aniridwa ndi mayiko a ku Ulaya anapatsidwa ufulu wawo. Izi zinali chifukwa chakuti mphamvu za ku Ulaya zinafooka kuchokera ku nkhondo. Kusintha kwachuma ndi kuphatikizidwa kwa ndale (njira yogwirizanitsa mayiko) ndi zina mwa zotsatira za nkhondo.

## Zolemba
Leonardo da Vinci

**Leonardo da Vinci** (15 April 1452 – 2 May 1519),anali munthu wa ku Italy amene anakhalapo nthawi ya Ulemerero. Iye ndi wotchuka chifukwa cha kujambula kwake, komanso adali asayansi, katswiri wa masamu, injiniya, wojambula, anatomist, wosema, wokonza mapulani, wojambula, woimba, ndi wolemba. Leonardo ankafuna kudziwa zonse za chilengedwe. Iye ankafuna kudziwa momwe chirichonse chinagwirira ntchito. Anali wophunzira kwambiri, kupanga ndi kupanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana zosangalatsa.

Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti Leonardo anali mmodzi mwa ojambula kwambiri nthawi zonse. Anthu ena amaganiza kuti anali munthu waluso kwambiri kuposa kale lonse. Katswiri wa mbiri yakale, dzina lake Helen Gardner, ananena kuti palibe wina amene wakhala ngati iye chifukwa anali ndi chidwi ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe amawoneka kuti anali ndi malingaliro a chimphona, komabe zomwe anali nazo monga munthu akadali zinsinsi.

## Zolemba

## Kuwerenga kwambiri
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*Silvia e Luca Guagliumi, "Leonardo e l'architettura", Silvia Editrice, Aprile 2015
Chaka Chowala

**Chaka chowala** ndilo gawo la kutalika komwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza kutalika kwa zakuthambo ndi makilomita 9,5 trillion kapena 5,9 trillion mailosi. Monga momwe tafotokozera ndi International Astronomical Union (IAU), chaka chowunika ndilo mtunda umene kuwala kumayenda mu chingwe chimodzi cha Julian (masiku 365.25). Chifukwa limaphatikizapo mawu oti "chaka", mawu akuti chaka chowala nthawi zina amamasuliridwa mofanana ngati gawo limodzi.

Chaka chowala nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokozera kutalika kwa nyenyezi ndi kutalika kwina pamagalactic, makamaka m'mabuku a sayansi ndi odziwika bwino. Chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu katswiri wa astrometry ndi parchik (chizindikiro: pc, pafupifupi 3.26 zaka-kuwala; mtunda womwe umodzi wa zakuthambo umagwiritsa ntchito mphindi imodzi ya arc).

## Mbiri
Chigawo cha chaka chowonekera chinaonekera zaka zingapo pambuyo poyesa kupambana kwa mtunda wa nyenyezi osati Sun, mwa 1838 Friedrich Bessel. Nyenyeziyi inali 61 Cygni, ndipo adagwiritsa ntchito heliometer ya mamita 160 mm ndi Joseph von Fraunhofer. Chigawo chachikulu kwambiri chofotokozera kutalika kwa danga panthawiyo chinali chigawo cha astronomical unit, chofanana ndi chigawo cha dziko lapansi. Momwemo, mawerengero a trigonometric opangidwa ndi 61 Cygni's parallax of 0.314 arcseconds, adawonetsera kutalika kwa nyenyezi kuti akhale 660000 zakuthambo. Bessel anawonjezera kuti kuwala kumagwiritsa ntchito zaka 10.3 kuti apite mtunda umenewu. Anadziŵa kuti owerenga ake amasangalala ndi nthawi yeniyeni ya kuwala, komatu sanagwiritse ntchito chaka chowala ngati chigwirizano. Angakhale atakhumudwa kufotokoza kutalika kwake kwa zaka zochepa chifukwa zikhoza kuwonongera kuti mbiri yake ya parallax ikuwonjezeka chifukwa cha kuchulukitsa ndi kuthamanga kwapadera. Kufikira kwa kuwala kunalibekudziwika bwino mu 1838; mtengo wake unasintha mu 1849 (Fizeau) ndi 1862 (Foucault). Sichidawonekere kukhala chinthu chokhazikika chokhazikika, ndipo kufalikira kwa kuwala kupyolera mu malo ozungulira kapena malo anali akadakalibe. Komabe, chaka cha 1851 chinaonekera m'chaka cha 1851 m'nkhani ina yotchuka ya zakuthambo yotchedwa Otto Ule. Chododometsa cha dzina lokhala ndi mtunda wamtunda wotsirizira pa "chaka" 'adafotokozedwa ndi Ule pochiyerekezera ndi ola la msewu wodutsa (Wegstunde). Buku lina la ku Germany lotchuka kwambiri la zakuthambo linanenanso kuti chaka chowala ndi dzina losamvetsetseka. Mu 1868 magazini ya Chingerezi inalembetsa chaka chowala ngati umodzi wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Ajeremani. Eddington adatcha chaka choyera kukhala chinthu chosasokonekera komanso chosagwirizana, chomwe nthawi zina chimachokera ku ntchito yotchuka kupita ku kufufuza zamakono.

Ngakhale kuti akatswiri aza zakuthambo amakono amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito parsec, zaka zowala zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuti zizindikire malo osokoneza bongo ndi intergalactic danga.
## Zolemba
Siena Agudong

**Siena Agudong** ndi wojambula mwana wa ku America. Iye amadziwika bwino kuchokera kuwonetsero wa makanema a TV Nicky, Ricky, Dicky & Dawn, omwe akusewera nawo ntchito monga Natlee. Iye adadziwika ndi udindo wake monga Lulu Parker, yemwe adasewera pa sewero la ABC kuwonetseratu kupha Akazi.

## Zolemba
Kepa Arrizabalaga

**Kepa Arrizabalaga Revuelta** (Basque: kepa aris̻aβalaɣa reβuelta; Spanish: kepa ariθaβalaɣa reβwelta; anabadwa pa 3 October 1994), nthawi zina amadziwika kuti **Kepa**, ndi mpikisano wothamanga wa ku Spain yemwe amavomereza kuti akhale msilikali wa timu ya Premier League Chelsea ndi timu ya ku Spain.

Anakhazikitsidwa ku Athletic Bilbao, adachita masewera oyamba ku ngongole ku Ponferradina ndi Real Valladolid, ku Segunda División. Kenako adabwerera ku kampu yake yoyamba, akuwonekera mamasewero 54 pa mpikisano wonse; mu 2018, adasaina ndi Chelsea. Arrizabalaga adagonjetsa timu ya European Championship ya 2012 ndi gulu la azimayi osachepera 19 a ku Spain ndipo adakonzekera mu 2017.

## Ntchito zapadziko lonse
Atatha kuwonekera kwa zaka zapakati pa 18, Arrizabalaga adayitanidwa ku gulu la pansi pa 19 la UEFA European Championship. Iye anali woyambitsa zosayembekezereka panthawi ya masewera, monga mbali yake inali okwera korona; Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zinaphatikizapo mpikisano wa 3-3 womaliza ku France, kumene adasungira zilango ziwiri pawombera.

Arrizabalaga adawonako FIFA ya U-20 World Cup chifukwa cha kuvulazidwa, m'malo mwa Ruben Yáñez. Pa 8 November 2013 adayitanidwa ku gulu la pansi pa 21, pamodzi ndi Athletic timu ya Iker Muniain.

Arrizabalaga adatchulidwira kumalo akuluakulu pa 22 March 2017 patsogolo pa chiwombankhanga cha FIFA World Cup cha 2018 motsutsana ndi Israeli komanso kukhala wochezeka ndi France, posakhalitsa m'malo mwa Pepe Reina omwe anavulala. Anapeza kapu yoyamba pa 11 November wa chaka chimenecho, akusewera mphindi 90 pa mpikisano wa 5-0 ku Costa Rica ku Málaga.

Arrizabalaga adatchulidwa ku gulu la asilikali 23 la Spain ku 2018 FIFA World Cup ku Russia.

## Zolemba
Selena Gomez

**Selena Marie Gomez** (wobadwa pa July 22, 1992) ndi wojambula nyimbo, woimba nyimbo,  ndi woimba nyimbo wa ku America. Atawoneka pazinthu za pa TV za Barney & Friends, adalandira chidziwitso chokwanira cha Alex Russo pa TV za Disney Channel zowonetsera TV za Wizard of Waverly Place, zomwe zinayambira nyengo zinayi kuyambira 2007 mpaka 2012.

## Kuchita ntchito
Gomez anayamba kufotokozedwa pazinthu za pa TV za Barney & Friends - kumene adakondana ndi nyenyezi anzake ndi Demi Lovato - kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 2000. Mu 2007, adadziwika kwambiri ataponyedwa mu Disney Channel ma TV Wizards of Waverly Place. Mkaziyu adalankhula ndi filimuyi, Alex Russo, mpaka kumapeto kwake m'chaka cha 2012. Gomez adalowa mu filimuyi ndi mafilimu kuphatikizapo Ramona ndi Beezus (2010), Monte Carlo (2011), Hotel Transylvania (2012), The Big Short ( 2015), Zowonongeka Zowonongeka za Caregiving (2016), Ozungulira 2 (2016), ndi In Dubious Battle (2016).

## Moyo waumwini
Gomez anali pachibwenzi ndi a Justin Bieber ku Canada kuyambira 2011 mpaka 2014. Mu 2017, adali mu chiyanjano ndi woimba nyimbo wa ku Canada The Weeknd. Iwo adagawaniza October. Gomez ankafuna impso kumuika chifukwa cha lupus matenda. Bwenzi lake lapamtima, mtsikana wina wotchuka wa ku France, dzina lake Franisa Raisa, adapereka impso zake kwa Gomez mu chilimwe 2017. Pambuyo pake, imodzi mwa mitsempha ya Gomez inalowa mkati mwake, yomwe inkafuna opaleshoni yachangu.

## Zolemba
Nkhondo

**Nkhondo** ndi nkhondo yothetsera nkhondo pakati pa mayiko, maboma, mabungwe ndi osadziwika bwino magulu, monga azungu, opanduka ndi zigawenga. Kawirikawiri amadziwika ndi chiwawa choopsa, chiwawa, chiwonongeko, ndi kufa, pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse kapena osagonjetsa asilikali. Nkhondo imatanthawuza zochitika zomwe zimachitika komanso zikhalidwe za nkhondo, kapena za nkhondo. Nkhondo yonse ndi nkhondo zomwe sizongogonjetsedwa ndi zida zenizeni zankhondo, ndipo zikhoza kuchititsa kuti anthu ambiri omwe sagonjetse usilikali kapena ena omwe sali nawo nkhondo akuvutika.

Ngakhale akatswiri ena akuwona nkhondo monga chilengedwe chonse ndi chibadwa cha umunthu, ena amakayikira kuti ndi chifukwa cha chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe kapena chilengedwe.

Nkhondo yowonongeka kwambiri m'mbiri yakale, ponena za chiwerengero cha anthu omwe anamwalira kuyambira pachiyambi, ndi Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko lonse, kuyambira 1939 mpaka 1945, ndipo anthu 60-85 miliyoni anamwalira, ndipo anagonjetsedwa ndi a Mongol mpaka 60 miliyoni. Pankhani yokhudzana ndi nkhanza zomwe zimakhalapo kale, nkhondo yowonongeka m'mbiri yamasiku ano ikhoza kukhala nkhondo ya Paraguay (onani kuphedwa kwa nkhondo za Paraguay). Nkhondo ya 2013 inachititsa kuti anthu 31,000 aphedwe, ndipo anafa 72,000 mu 1990. Mu 2003, Richard Smalley anafotokoza kuti nkhondo ndiyo vuto lalikulu lachisanu ndi chimodzi (khumi mwa khumi) lomwe likuyang'aniridwa ndi anthu kwa zaka makumi asanu zotsatira. Nkhondo nthawi zambiri imabweretsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa zowonongeka ndi zachilengedwe, kuchepa kwa ndalama zachuma, njala, kuchuluka kwa anthu osamukira kudziko la nkhondo, komanso nthawi zambiri kuzunzidwa kwa akaidi a nkhondo kapena anthu wamba. Mwachitsanzo, mwa anthu okwana 9 miliyoni omwe anali m'dera la Byelorussian SSR mu 1941, anthu okwana 1.6 miliyoni anaphedwa ndi Ajeremani pazochitika zosiyana ndi nkhondo, kuphatikizapo akaidi 700,000 a nkhondo, Ayuda okwana 500,000, ndi anthu 320,000 omwe amawerengedwa ngati alangizi (ambiri mwa iwo anali osasamaliridwa ndi nzika). Zina mwazinthu za nkhondo zina ndizofalitsa zowonjezereka ndi ena kapena maphwando onse pa nkhondoyo, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa ndalama zopangidwa ndi okonza zida.
Christopher Columbus

**Christopher Columbus** (1451-1506) anali wochita malonda a Genoese, wofufuzira, ndi woyenda panyanja. Iye anabadwira ku Genoa, Italy, m'chaka cha 1451. "Christopher Columbus" ndi dzina lachingelezi la Chingelezi la Columbus. Dzina lake lenileni mu Italiya linali Cristoforo Colombo; dzina lake m'Chisipanishi linali Cristóbal Colón.

Mu 1492, Columbus anafika pachilumba cha Bahamas, woyamba ku Ulaya kuti achite zimenezo. Cholinga chake choyamba chinali kupeza njira yofulumira yopita ku Asia kuchokera ku Ulaya. Iye akutamandidwa ndi kupezeka kwa Dziko Latsopano chifukwa ulendo wake unayamba nyengo ya chikhalidwe cha ku Ulaya ku America. Iyi inali mphindi yofunikira m'mbiri ya Ulaya. Ngakhale Leif Erikson anali woyamba ku Ulaya kukafika ku dothi la America sizinatchulidwe bwino ndipo sizinatsogolere ku Ulaya ndi New World.

Anthu a ku Spain atazindikira kuti Columbus adapeza Dziko Latsopano, anthu ena ambiri, otchedwa conquistadors, anapita komweko. Izi zinapangitsa kuti dziko la Spain likhale lachikomyunizimu.

Columbus anamwalira pa 20 May 1506, ku Valladolid, Spain.

## "Kupeza" kwa America
Columbus sanali kwenikweni munthu woyamba ku Ulaya kuti adziwe America. Pa nthawi ya ulendo wake, dziko la America silinadziwidwe kukhalapo. Komabe, Leif Erikson, pafupi zaka 1000 AD adalowa mu Canada lero. Kupeza kumeneku sikungakhudze mbiri yakale ya ku Ulaya ndipo sizinapangidwe bwino. Columbus anapeza America mwachindunji kuti iye anali munthu woyamba kulenga kufufuza mobwerezabwereza ndi kukhudzana ndi New World. Mfundo ina ndi yakuti Amwenye Achimereka akhala akukhala kumeneko zaka zikwi zambiri asanalowe. Komabe, Achimereka Achimerika sanalembedwe kapena kuwonjezera mbiri ya mbiri yakale ku Ulaya chifukwa cha zifukwa zomveka. Columbus, "anapeza" America mu mbiri yakale ya ku Ulaya.

## Cholowa
Ku United States, Tsiku la Columbus ndilo tchuthi limene limakondwerera kubwera kwa Columbus ku New World pa October 12, 1492.

Chiwonetsero cha World's Columbian, chomwe chinachitika mu 1893 ku Chicago, Illinois, chinakondwerera chikondwerero cha 400 cha Columbus akupita ku America.

## Zolemba