Victoria Falls

**Victoria Falls** ( Lozi: *Mosi-oa-Tunya*, "The Smoke That Thunders"; Tonga: *Shungu Namutitima*, "Boiling Water") ndi mathithi pamtsinje wa Zambezi kumwera kwa Africa, komwe kumapereka malo okhalamo mitundu ingapo ya zomera ndi nyama. . Ili pamalire a Zambia ndi Zimbabwe ndipo ndi amodzi mwa mathithi akulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi 1708 m (5604 ft).

Malo osungiramo zinthu zakale ndi mbiri yakale yapakamwa imalongosola mbiri yakale ya chidziwitso cha ku Africa cha malowa. Ngakhale kuti m’zaka za m’ma 1800, mmishonale wina wa ku Scotland, dzina lake Livingstone ankadziwa za malo ena a ku Ulaya, anazindikira mathithiwa mu 1955, n’kupereka dzina lachingelezi lachitsamunda la Victoria potengera dzina la Mfumukazi Victoria. Kuyambira pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900, malowa akhala akuthandizira kwambiri zokopa alendo. Zambia ndi Zimbabwe onse ali ndi malo osungirako zachilengedwe komanso malo oyendera alendo pamalowa. Kafukufuku wakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 2010 adapeza kuti kusintha kwa nyengo kumayambitsa kusinthasintha kwa mvula kumatha kusintha mawonekedwe a dziwe.

## Magwero a mayina
David Livingstone, mmishonale ndi wofufuza malo wa ku Scotland, ndi munthu woyamba ku Ulaya amene anaona mathithiwo pa 16 November 1855, kuchokera ku chilumba chomwe masiku ano chimatchedwa Livingstone Island. pafupi ndi gombe la Zambia. Livingstone anatchula kuona kwakeko polemekeza Mfumukazi Victoria, koma dzina la chinenero cha Chisotho, Mosi-oa-Tunya—“Utsi Wowomba”—amagwiritsiridwa ntchito mofananamo. World Heritage List imavomereza mayina onsewa. Livingstone adatchulanso dzina lakale, Seongo kapena Chongwe, lomwe limatanthauza "Malo a Utawaleza", chifukwa cha kutsitsi kosalekeza.

National Park yapafupi ku Zambia imatchedwa Mosi-oa-Tunya, pomwe malo osungirako zachilengedwe komanso tawuni yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Zimbabwe onse amatchedwa Victoria Falls.

## Kukula

Ngakhale kuti si mathithi apamwamba kwambiri kapena aakulu kwambiri padziko lonse, mathithi a Victoria Falls amaikidwa m’gulu lalikulu kwambiri, kutengera m’lifupi mwake mamita 1,708 (5,604 ft) ndi kutalika kwa mamita 108 (354 ft), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mathithiwo akhale aakulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. wa madzi akugwa. Mathithi a Victoria Falls ndi aakulu kuwirikiza kawiri kutalika kwa mathithi a Niagara ku North America ndiponso kuwirikiza kaŵiri m’lifupi mwake.

Kwa mtunda wautali kuchokera ku mathithiwo, Zambezi imayenda pamtunda wa basalt, m'chigwa chosazama, chomangidwa ndi mapiri a mchenga otsika komanso akutali. Mtsinje wa mtsinjewu uli ndi zisumbu zambiri zokutidwa ndi mitengo, zomwe zimachulukana pamene mtsinjewo umafika pa mathithiwo. kulibe mapiri, mitsinje, kapena zigwa zakuya; phiri lathyathyathya lokha lotambasula mazana a kilomita mbali zonse.

Mathithiwo amapangika pomwe m'lifupi mwake mtsinjewo umatsikira podontho limodzi loyima mpaka ku phompho lopingasa la 1,708 metres (5,604 ft) m'lifupi, lojambulidwa ndi madzi ake m'mbali mwa chigawo chophwanyika cha mapiri a basalt. Kuya kwa phompho, lotchedwa First Gorge, kumasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku 80 metres (260 ft) kumapeto kwake kumadzulo kufika mamita 108 (354 ft) pakati. Njira yokhayo yopita ku First Gorge ndi kusiyana kwa mamita 110 m'lifupi (360 ft) pafupifupi magawo awiri pa atatu a njira kudutsa m'lifupi mwa mathithiwo kuchokera kumapeto a kumadzulo. Mtsinje wonsewo umalowa m’mitsinje ya Victoria Falls kuchokera m’phanga lopapatizali.

Pali zilumba ziwiri zomwe zili pamphepete mwa mathithiwo zomwe zimakhala zazikulu zokwanira kugawa chinsalu cha madzi ngakhale kusefukira kwa madzi: Boaruka Island (kapena Cataract Island) pafupi ndi gombe lakumadzulo, ndi Livingstone Island pafupi ndi pakati - malo omwe Livingstone adayamba. adawona mathithiwo. Pakasefukira kwambiri, zisumbu zowonjezera zimagawa chinsalu chamadzi kukhala mitsinje yofananira. Mitsinje ikuluikulu imatchedwa, kuchokera ku Zimbabwe (kumadzulo) kupita ku Zambia (kummawa): Cataract ya Mdyerekezi (yotchedwa Leaping Water ndi ena), Mathithi Aakulu, Rainbow Falls (apamwamba kwambiri) ndi Eastern Cataract.

## Zolemba