Viktor Chernomyrdin

**Viktor Stepanovich Chernomyrdin** (Chirasha: Ви́ктор Степа́нович Черномы́рдин, IPA: [ˈvʲiktər sʲtʲɪˈpanəvʲɪtɕ tɕɪrnɐˈmɨrdʲman 39/03/2019 ndi bizinesi yaku Russia yaku Russia ndi Novembala 29-01) Anali Minister of Gas Industry of the Soviet Union (13 February 1985-17 July 1989), atatsata izi adakhala wapampando woyamba wa kampani yamagetsi ya Gazprom komanso Prime Minister wakale wa Russia (1992-1998) kutengera motsatizana. zaka. Iye anali munthu wofunikira kwambiri mu ndale za ku Russia m'zaka za m'ma 1990 ndipo adatenga nawo mbali pakusintha kuchoka pakukonzekera kupita ku chuma cha msika. Kuyambira 2001 mpaka 2009, anali kazembe wa Russia ku Ukraine. Zitatero, anasankhidwa kukhala mlangizi wa pulezidenti.

Chernomyrdin ankadziwika ku Russia ndi m'mayiko olankhula Chirasha chifukwa cha kalembedwe ka chinenero chake, chomwe chinali ndi malapropisms ndi zolakwika zambiri.  Zambiri mwa zonena zake zinakhala ma aphorisms ndi miyambi mu chilankhulo cha Chirasha, chitsanzo chimodzi ndi mawu akuti "Tinkafuna zabwino, koma zidakhala ngati nthawi zonse." (Chirasha: Хотели как лучше, а получилось как всегда).

Chernomyrdin anamwalira pa 3 November 2010 atadwala kwa nthawi yaitali. Anaikidwa m'manda pafupi ndi mkazi wake ku Novodevichy Cemetery pa 5 November, ndipo maliro ake anaulutsidwa moyo pa Russian federal federal TV channel.

## Moyo woyamba ndi maphunziro
Chernomyrdin anabadwira ku Chernyi Otrog, Orenburg Oblast, Russian SFSR. Bambo ake anali wantchito ndipo Viktor anali m'modzi mwa ana asanu. Chernomyrdin adamaliza maphunziro asukulu mu 1957 ndipo adapeza ntchito ngati makanika pamalo oyenga mafuta ku Orsk. Anagwira ntchito kumeneko mpaka 1962, kupatulapo ntchito yake ya usilikali kuyambira 1957 mpaka 1960. Ntchito zake zina pafakitale panthawiyi zikuphatikizapo makina, woyendetsa komanso wamkulu wa zomangamanga.

Anakhala membala wa CPSU mu 1961. Mu 1962, adaloledwa ku Kuybyshev Industrial Institute (yomwe inadzatchedwanso Samara Polytechnical Institute). M’mayeso ake olowa nawo sukulu sanachite bwino kwambiri. Analephera masamu a mayesowo ndipo anayenera kulembanso mayesowo, kupeza C. Anapeza B imodzi yokha, m’chinenero cha Chirasha, ndi ma C m’mayeso ena. Analoledwa kokha chifukwa cha mpikisano wosauka kwambiri. Mu 1966, iye anamaliza maphunziro ake. Mu 1972, adamaliza maphunziro owonjezera pa dipatimenti ya Economics ya Union-wide Polytechnic Institute polemba makalata.

## Ntchito yoyambirira
Chernomyrdin anayamba kukulitsa ntchito yake monga wandale pamene ankagwira ntchito ku CPSU ku Orsk pakati pa 1967 ndi 1973. Mu 1973, adasankhidwa kukhala mtsogoleri wa malo oyenga gasi ku Orenburg, udindo umene adagwira mpaka 1978. Pakati pa 1978 ndi 1982 , Chernomyrdin adagwira ntchito yolemetsa ya Komiti Yaikulu ya CPSU.

Mu 1982, adasankhidwa kukhala wachiwiri kwa nduna ya mafakitale agasi ku Soviet Union. Nthawi yomweyo, kuyambira 1983, adatsogolera Glavtyumengazprom, bungwe lazachuma lazachilengedwe ku Tyumen Oblast. Mu 1985-1989 anali Minister of Gas Industries.

## Woyambitsa Gazprom
Mu Ogasiti 1989, motsogozedwa ndi Chernomyrdin, Unduna wa Zamakampani a Gasi unasinthidwa kukhala State Gas Concern, Gazprom, yomwe idakhala bizinesi yoyamba yamakampani mdziko muno. Chernomyrdin adasankhidwa kukhala wapampando wake woyamba. Kampaniyo idali yolamulidwa ndi boma, koma tsopano ulamulirowo udagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzera m'magawo, 100% omwe anali a boma. 

Pamene Soviet Union inatha chakumapeto kwa 1991, chuma cha dziko lakale la Soviet mu gawo la gasi chinasamutsidwa kumakampani omwe anali atangolengedwa kumene monga Ukrgazprom ndi Turkmengazprom. Gazprom ankasunga katundu ili m'gawo la Russia, ndipo anatha kupeza yekha mu gawo gasi.

Chikoka pazandale cha Gazprom chinakula kwambiri Purezidenti wa Russia Boris Yeltsin atasankha tcheyamani wa kampaniyo Chernomyrdin kukhala nduna yayikulu mu 1992. Rem Viakhirev adatenga malo a Chernomyrdin monga tcheyamani wa komiti ya oyang'anira komanso a komiti yoyang'anira. Gazprom inali imodzi mwazinthu zoyambira zachuma mdziko muno m'ma 1990, ngakhale kampaniyo idachita bwino mzaka khumizo. M'zaka za m'ma 2000, Gazprom inakhala yaikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi komanso kampani yaikulu ya ku Russia.

## Prime Minister waku Russia
Mu Meyi 1992, Boris Yeltsin adasankha Chernomyrdin kukhala Wachiwiri kwa nduna yayikulu yoyang'anira mafuta ndi mphamvu.  Pa Disembala 14, 1992, Chernomyrdin adatsimikiziridwa ndi VII Congress of Deputies of People of Russia ngati Prime Minister.

Malinga ndi a Felipe Turover Chudínov, yemwe anali mkulu wa intelligence ku bungwe la intelligence la KGB, Chernomyrdin inalengeza mwachinsinsi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1990 kuti dziko la Russia lidzakhala likulu la anthu ogulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuphatikizapo kuitanitsa cocaine ndi heroin kuchokera ku South America ndi heroin kuchokera. Central Asia ndi Southeast Asia ndikutumiza mankhwala osokoneza bongo ku Europe, North America kuphatikiza United States.
## Zolemba