Kufufuza kwamatauni

**Kufufuza kwamatauni**, kofupikitsidwa kukhala **urbex** (kuchokera ku Chingerezi kufufuzira kwamatauni), ndichizolowezi choyendera  malo omwe anthu asiya. Nicolas Offenstadt amatanthauzira izi ngati "ulendo wosaloledwa komanso nthawi zambiri wopanda phindu kumadera osiyidwa kapena osiyidwa". Ili ndi mfundo zake, kwa ena "malamulo" enieni a Urbex, omwe amayesetsa kuteteza malowa ndikuwateteza momwe angathere (mwazinthu zina, pobisa ma adilesi amalo - dzina lotchulidwira malo osiyidwa - pofuna kupewa kukopa akuba kapena akuba). 

Ntchitoyi ikuphatikizapo kuyendera malo obisika kapena ovuta kufikako, monga nyumba zikuluzikulu, masukulu, nyumba zosungiramo anthu, zipatala kapena malo osungira anthu odwala, etc. Nthawi zina, mchitidwewu umafika m'malo oletsedwa monga ma tunnel metro, manda a manda ndi madenga (nsonga zanyumba, zipilala, ndi zina zambiri). Chifukwa chake imabweretsa zochitika zosiyanasiyana zotchedwa "mobisa" monga "cataphilia", "rooflifting", ndipo imagwirizana kwambiri ndi masewera ena monga kukwera kapena gofu. Wofufuza m'matawuni amatchulidwa kwambiri ndi neologism urbexeur. Mchitidwewu unafalikira mwachangu ndikubwera kwa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti komanso makanema apa kanema, makamaka chifukwa cha YouTube. 

Masiku ano Urbex imasandulika m'malo ena kukhala "kuwononga zokopa alendo" komwe oyendetsa maulendo amayang'anira kuyendera malo osiyidwa, ku Berlin, Görlitz kapena Detroit.

#### Kupereka
Kufufuza kwamatauni, kwenikweni, kumatanthawuza mchitidwe wosonkhanitsa deta m'malo am'mizinda, osiyidwa yonse kapena nthawi, kuti muwapeze ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito. Ntchitoyi, ngakhale ndichinsinsi komanso yochitidwa popanda chilolezo cha eni eni, ndi yoletsedwa ku France kokha ndi malamulo, oyang'anira masheya, kapena malamulo amkati mwa mabungwe ena. Zitsanzo za ntchitoyi ndizosowa ndipo sizidziwika kwenikweni, pazifukwa zomveka zogwirizana ndi zochitika zilizonse zobisika. Titha kunenanso za UX kapena Urban eXperiment, yomwe kufufuza kwawo m'matauni, kwenikweni, kunali koyambirira koyambirira kwa ma 1980s.

Mophiphiritsira, mawuwa amachokera kukutanthauzira kwenikweni kwa mayendedwe a m'tawuni opangidwa ndi Ninjalicious mzaka za m'ma 1990 ndipo amatanthauza zochitika zomwe zimachitika m'malo ochezera, osiyidwa kapena ayi, komanso oletsedwa kufikira, kapena ovuta kupeza. Mawu awa adatchuka mdziko la cataphile kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, kudzera muma TV. Ikuwonetsa kuyambika kwa kusiyanasiyana kwaulendo wopita kumtunda ku Paris. Wofufuza m'matawuni amayamikira malo okhala okha panja pa malo ochitira ndi njira zopangidwira motero, chifukwa ena amakhalanso chete komwe munthu amapezako: chifukwa chake, ulendo wowongoleredwa wa nave wa tchalitchi chachikulu udzasinthidwa. , mafakitale omwe asiidwa amakhala malo osewerera, etc.

Zakale, kufufuza m'matawuni mosamalitsa kwakhala ntchito yochitidwa ndi anthu kwazaka mazana ambiri, monga tingawonere kuchokera kumayendedwe ambiri "retros" m'mbiri ya zaluso, monga Egyptomania, kapena zojambula za nthawi ya Neo-Roman. kupita ku Chikondi, nthawi yomwe amayenda m'mabwinja achiroma ku Europe. Titha kunenanso za "maulendo" opitilira muyeso m'manda ndi manda ena monga zitsanzo zambiri zosonyeza kuti munthu adayamba kale kuyenda modzikweza yekha.

#### Chiyambi
Mchitidwe woyendera malo osiyidwa ndi wakale. Idakula kwambiri ndi zochitika za deindustrialisation mzaka 1970-1990, makamaka ku Europe ndi United States. Koma mawu akuti Urbex ndi aposachedwa kwambiri ndipo amangofalikira mzaka za 2000. Amalumikizidwa ndi kuthekera kosinthana ndi kufalitsa zotsatira za maulendo ake kudzera pa intaneti, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti apange magulu achidwi. Ku France, dera la Paris ndilothandiza pantchitoyi (metro, malo ambiri omanga, mafakitale, zipatala ndi nyumba zina zomwe zasiyidwa, madenga a nyumba, zipilala, mobisa, ndi zina zambiri) ndipo zimachokera pagulu la cataphilia. Australia, United States ndi mayiko a Anglo-Saxon nawonso ali ndi madera ambiri othandiza.

#### Chidwi cha ofufuza akumatauni
Kufufuza kwamatauni ndi njira zingapo, zolimbikitsa zomwe zingakhale zosiyana kwambiri. Kukoma kwaulendo ndi chinthu. Ena adzayang'ana m'mbiri yakale, akale ndi osiyidwa. Ma urbexeurs ambiri ali ndi chidwi ndi nkhani za cholowa ndipo amaganiza kuti urbex, munthawi zina, imathandizira kusunga mbiri komanso kukumbukira masamba. Zimachitika kuti kuwunika kwamatawuni kumathandiza kupulumutsa kapena kupereka lipoti la zopereka zomwe zasiyidwa. Kwa ena, ikhala yolamulira mzinda wamakono ndi kumbuyo kwake. Zithunzi ndi makanema nawonso ndi chilimbikitso chachikulu. Magulu nthawi zambiri amapanga imodzi mwazochitikazi. Ku France kuposa kwina kulikonse, kutsogola kwa akatswiri ndi kwamphamvu kwambiri: ena amangopita kumanda amanda, ena amangotsala padenga kapena maulendo apansi panthaka. Masiku ano ofufuza za sayansi yamagulu amagwiritsa ntchito urbex m'malo osiyanasiyana, monga Judith Audin mozungulira chitukuko chamatauni aku China amakono. Msonkhano woyamba waku University kuzungulira Urbex udakonzedwa ndi Nicolas Offenstadt ku Sorbonne mu Okutobala 2018.