open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Umgababa

**Umgababa** ke toropo mo eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality, KwaZulu Natala ka moka Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
Zinkwazi Beach

**Zinkwazi Beach** ke coastal toropo wa Mmasepala Setereke tša iLembe go feta KwaZulu Natala ka moka Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
Tongaat

**Tongaat** ke sugar mill le toropo wa eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality go feta KwaZulu Natala ka moka Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
EMacambini

**eMacambini** ke toropo wa Mmasepala Setereke tša iLembe go feta KwaZulu Natala ka moka Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
Nozizwe

**Nozizwe** ke township tša Bammala wa Venterstad go feta Mmasepala Setereke tša Joe Gqabi wa porofense Kapa Bohlabela (Eastern Cape) ka moka Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
Khwezinaledi

**Khwezinaledi** ke township wa Lady Grey go feta Mmušôselegae wa Senqu wa porofense Kapa Bohlabela ka moka Afrika Borwa.

Township e 52 km bohlabela la Aliwal North le 260 km borwa la Bloemfontein.

## Ditšhupetšo
Zakhele

**Zakhele** ke township wa Rhodes go feta Mmasepala Setereke tša Joe Gqabi wa porofense Kapa Bohlabela kamoka Afrika Borwa.

Township e 58 km lebowa bohlabela la Barkly East.

## Ditšhupetšo
Mmušôgaê wa Sol Plaatje

right|250px|thumb|Location of Sol Plaatje in Kapa Leboa.
**Mmušôgaê wa Sol Plaatje** ke mmasepala go feta Mmasepala Setereke tša Frances Baard wa diporofense Kapa Leboa ka moka Afrika Borwa.

Toropo kgolo kgolo ya **Mmušôgaê wa Sol Plaatje** ke Kimberley.
Mmušôgaê wa Dawid Kruiper

right|220px|thumb|Location of the Dawid Kruiper Municipality.
**Mmušôgaê wa Dawid Kruiper** ke mmasepala go feta Mmasepala Setereke tša ZF Mgcawu wa porofense Kapa Leboa ka moka Afrika Borwa.

Toropokgolo ya **Mmušôgaê wa Dawid Kruiper** ke Upington.

## Ditšhupetšo
Beaconsfield, Kimberley

**Beaconsfield** ke motsesetoropo wa Kimberley go feta Mmasepala Setereke tša Frances Baard porofense Kapa Leboa ka moka Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
Modder River, Kapa Leboa

**Modder River**go feta Mmasepala Setereke tša Frances Baard diporofense Kapa Leboa ka moka Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
Warrenton

**Warrenton** ke toropo wa Mmasepala Setereke tša Frances Baard go feta diporofense Kapa Leboa ka moka Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
Blyvooruitzicht

**Blyvooruitzicht** ke mining village hleng wa Carletonville go feta Gauteng ka moka Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
West Driefontein

300px|thumb|right|Flooded level, West Driefontein mine, South Africa.
**West Driefontein** ke toropo ya mining hleng wa Carletonville mo Merafong City go feta Gauteng province ka moka Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
Rietvallei, Gauteng

**Rietvallei** ke township wa Krugersdorp go feta mo Gauteng province ka moka Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
East Driefontein

**East Driefontein** ke gold mining town 8 km outside Carletonville hleng wa West Driefontein.

## Ditšhupetšo
Muldersdrift

**Muldersdrift** ke toropo wa Mmušôgaê wa Mogale City go feta Gauteng province ka moka Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
UMzantsi

**uMzantsi** ke village wa Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality go feta porofense Kapa Bohlabela ka moka Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
Tyutyu

**Tyutyu** ke village wa Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality go feta porofense Kapa Bohlabela ka moka Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
Mmušôselegae wa Dr Beyers Naudé

**Mmušôselegae wa Dr Beyers Naudé** ke mmasepala go feta Mmasepala Setereke tša Sarah Baartman wa porofense Kapa Bohlabela ka moka Afrika Borwa.

It was formed by the merger of Baviaans Mmusogae, Camdeboo Mmusogae and Ikwezi Mmusogae in August 2016.

## Ditšhupetšo
Mmušôgaê wa Khâi-Ma

**Khâi-Ma** ke mmušôgaê go feta Mmasepala Setereke tša Namakwa wa diporofense Kapa Leboa ka moka Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
Mmušôgaê wa Nama Khoi

**Mmušôgaê wa Nama Khoi** ke mmušôgaê go feta Mmasepala Setereke tša Namakwa wa diporofense Kapa Leboa ka moka Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
Mmušôgaê wa Hantam

**Hantam** ke mmušôgaê go feta Mmasepala Setereke tša Namakwa wa diporofense Kapa Leboa ka moka Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
Pella

**Pella** ke oasis le toropo wa Mmušôgaê wa Khâi-Ma go feta Mmasepala Setereke tša Namakwa ka moka Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
Aggeneys

thumb|An unusual specimen of Aggeneys chalcopyrite and magnetite
**Aggeneys** ke toropo ya mining, situated between Pofadder and Springbok go feta Mmasepala Setereke tša Namakwa, Kapa Leboa ka moka Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
KwaNojoli

**KwaNojoli** ke township wa Somerset East go feta Blue Crane Route Mmusogae, Mmasepala Setereke tša Sarah Baartman wa porofense Kapa Bohlabela ka moka Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
De Aar

**De Aar** ke toropokgolo wa Mmušôgaê wa Emthanjeni go feta Mmasepala Setereke tša Pixley ka Seme ka moka Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
Nonzwakazi

**Nonzwakazi** ke township wa De Aar go feta Mmušôgaê wa Emthanjeni, Mmasepala Setereke tša Pixley ka Seme ka moka Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
Augrabies

**Augrabies** ke toropo wa Mmušôgaê wa Kai !Garib go feta Mmasepala Setereke tša ZF Mgcawu ka moka Kapa Leboa, Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
Mmušôgaê wa Gamagara

right|250px|thumb|Location of Gamagara in Kapa Leboa.
**Mmušôgaê wa Gamagara** ke mmasepala go feta Mmasepala Setereke tša John Taolo Gaetsewe wa diporofense Kapa Leboa ka moka Afrika Borwa.

Toropo kgolo kgolo ya **Mmušôgaê wa Gamagara** ke Kathu.
Kuruman

300px|right|thumb|Ke strata mo Kuruman
**Kuruman** ke toropo wa Mmušôgaê wa Ga-Segonyana, Mmasepala Setereke tša John Taolo Gaetsewe go feta diporofense Kapa Leboa ka moka Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
Roodepan

**Roodepan** ke township wa Kimberley go feta Mmasepala Setereke tša Frances Baard diporofense Kapa Leboa ka moka Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
Tshing

**Tshing** ke township wa Ventersdorp go feta Mmasepala Setereke tša Dr Kenneth Kaunda wa profense Leboa Bodikela ka moka Afrika Borwa.

Ventersdorp e 148 km bodikela la Johannesburg.

## Ditšhupetšo
Kgakala

**Kgakala** ke township wa Leeudoringstad, Mmušoselegae wa Maquassi Hills go feta profense Leboa Bodikela ka moka Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
Boskuil

**Boskuil** ke village nyane wa Mmušoselegae wa Maquassi Hills go feta diprofense Leboa Bodikela ka moka Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
Trotsville

**Trotsville** ke township hleng mo Wolmaransstad go feta Maquassi Hills, diprofense Leboa Bodikela ka moka Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
Rulaganyang

**Rulaganyang** ke township wa Witpoort, Maquassi Hills go feta diprofense Leboa Bodikela ka moka Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
Matlwang

**Matlwang** ke village nyane bodikela wa Potchefstroom, go feta Mmasepala Setereke tša Dr Kenneth Kaunda, diprofense Leboa Bodikela ka moka Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
Hermannsburg

**Hermannsburg** ke village nyane wa Mmasepala Setereke tša uMzinyathi go feta porofense KwaZulu Natala ka moka Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
Menkô

**Menkô** ke mohlare wa dikênywa.

450px


Mangifera indica fruit in India.jpg
Anwar Ratole.JPG
Mangga gedong gincu 071021-0845 tmo.jpg
Mango ATAULFO TOMMY ATKINS Asit.jpg
Alphonso mango.jpg|Menkô "Alphonso"
Onkhocerciasis

**Onkhoseršiasis**, yeo gape e tsebegago bjalo ka **noka ya foufatšo** le **bolwetši bja Robles**, ke bolwetši bja go bakwa ke phetelo ya seboko sa pharasaete sa *[[Onkhocerca volvulus]]*. Dika tša bolwetši di akaretša go hlohlona go šoro, go ruruga ka gare ga letlalo, le go foufala. Ke sehlodi sa bobedi sa go tlwaelega sa go baka bofofu ka lebaka la phetelo, ka morago ga trakhoma.

Seboko sa pharasaete se phatlalatšwa ka go longwa ke ntšhi e ntsho ya *mohuta wa* Simulium. Ka tlwaelo o ka longwa gantši pele phetelo e tšwelela. Dintšhi tše di dula kgauswi le dinoka, bjale ka ge leina la bolwetši le itlhalosa. Ge seboko se le ka gare ga motho, se dira sebokwana seo se hwetšago tsela ya go tsenelela letlalong. Gomme go tloga mo se fetela ntšhi e ntsho e latelago yeo e ka lomago motho.  Go na le mekgwa e mmalwa ya go dira phekolo go akaretšwa: go bea biopsy ya letlalo ka gare ga saline ya go tlwaelega le go lebelela sebokwana se etšwa, go lebelela ka gare ga leihlo go lekola seboko le go lebelela go ruruga ga seboko se segolo ka gare ga letlalo.

Ga go na kenti kgatlhanong le bolwetši bjo. Thibelo e ka dirwa fela ka go efoga go longwa ke dintšhi. Se se ka akaretša tšhomišo ya dikoba dikhunkhwane le diaparo tša maleba. Maitekelo a mangwe a akaretša phokotšo ya palo ya dintšhi ka go fothela dipolaya khunkhwane. Maitekelo a go fediša bolwetši ka go alafa dihlopha ka moka tša batho ga bedi ka ngwaga a tšwelapele mafelong a mmalwa lefaseng ka bophara.  Kalafo ya bao ba fetetšwego e dirwa ka kalafi ya ivermectin dikgwedi tše dingwe le tše dingwe tše tshela go ya go tše lesomepedi. Kalafi ye e bolaya sebokwana efela e sego diboko tše dikgolo. Kalafi ya doxycycline, yeo e bolayago ya go amanywa le pakteria yeo e bitšwago *Wolbachia*, e bonagala e okobatša diboko gomme e digelwa ke babangwe. Go tloša go ruruga ka fase ga letlalo ka puo go ka dirwa. 

Palo ya dimilione tše 17 go ya go 25 ba fetetšwe ka foufalo ya noka, ka tekanyetšo ya dimilione tše 0.8 tša batho ba go se sa bona botse. Diphetelo tše dintši di tšwelela ka sub-Saharan Afrika, le ge ele gore dikgetsi di begilwe ka Yemen le mafelo ao a kgetholotšwego Bogare le Borwa bja Amerika. Ka 1915, ngaka Rodolfo Robles mathomong o ile a tswalanya seboko le bolwetši bja mahlo. E ngwadišitšwe ke Mokgatlo wa Maphelo wa Lefase bjalo ka bolwetši bja go hlokomologwa bja molatšatši.
## Ditšhupetšo
Schistosomiasis

**Schistosomiasis**, gape e bitšwa **letadi la kgopa**, ke bolwetši bja go bakwa ke pharasaete ya diboko tša go patlama tše di bitšwago di-schistosome. Tshepetšo ya moroto goba mala di ka fetelwa. Maswao le dišupo di ka akaretša bohloko dimpeng, letšhologo, mantle a go ba le madi, goba madi ka gare ga moroto. Batho bao ba fetetšwego sebaka se se telele ba ka itemogela tshenyego ya sebete, go se sa šoma ga dipshio, go se sa kgona go belega, goba kankere ya sebudula. Mo baneng, e ka baka go se gole botse le bothata bja go ithuta.

Bolwetši bo phatlalatšwa ka go kgoma meetse a go hlweka a go tšhilafatšwa ke dipharasaete. Dipharasaete tše di lokollwa go tšwa go dikgopa tša meetse a go hlweka. Bolwetši bjo bo tlwaelegile magareng ga bana bao ba lego go dinaga tše di tšwetšego pele ka ge ba rata go raloka ka gare ga meetse a go tšhilafatšwa.  Dihlopha tše dingwe tše di lego kotsing di akaretša balemi, barei ba dihlapi, le batho bao ba dirišago meetse a go se hlweke tšatši ka tšatši.  Ke ya sehlopha sa diphetelo tša helminth. Phekolo e dirwa ka go hwetša mae a pharasaete ka gare ga moroto goba mantle a motho. E ka kgonthišišwa ka go hwetša dilwantšha mmele kgatlhanong le bolwetši ka gare ga madi.

Mekgwa ya go thibela bolwetši e akaretša kaonafatšo ya phihlelelo ya meetse a go hlweka le go fokotša palo ya dikgopa.  Mafelong ao bolwetši bo tlwaelegilego, kalafi ya praziquantel e ka fiwa ga tee ka ngwaga go sehlopha ka moka. Se se dirwa go fokotša palo ya batho bao ba fetetšwego le, ditla morago, tša phatlalatšo ya bolwetši.  Praziquantel gape ke kalafi e eletšwago ke ba Mokgatlo wa Maphelo wa Lefase (WHO) go bao go tsebegago gore ba fetetšwe.

Schistosomiasis e amile palo ya go nyaka go lekana le dimilione tše 210 lefaseng ka bophara ka 2012. Tekanyetšo ya palo ya batho ba 12,000 go ya go 200,000 ba hlokofala ka baka la yona ngwaga ka ngwaga. Bolwetši bjo gantši bo hwetšagala ka Afrika, le Asia gape ka Borwa bja Amerika. Palo ya batho ba go feta dimilione tše 700, go dinaga tša go feta tše 70, ba dula mafelong ao bolwetši bjo bo tlwaelegilego. Go dinaga tša melatšatši, schistosomiasis ke ya bobedi go malariamagareng ga malwetši a dipharasaete a go ama ekonomi ka tsela e kgolo.  Schistosomiasis e lenaneong lamalwetši a melatšatši a go hlokomologwa.
## Ditšhupetšo
Letadi la Zika

**Letadi la Zika** (leo gape le bitšwago **bolwetši bja baerase ya Zika**) ke bolwetši bja go bakwa ke baerase ya Zika. Dikgetsi tše dintši ga di na dišupo, eupša ge di le gona gantši di ba magareng gomme di swana le tša letadi la dengue. Dišupo di ka akaretša letadi, mahlo a go hwibila, bohloko bja lelokollo, go opšwa ke hlogo, le dišwana tša maculopapular .Ka kakaretšo dišupo di ka bonagala sebaka sa ka fase ga matšatši a šupa.  Ga se nke bo bake dipego tša mahu dikgatong tša mathomo tša phetelo. Phetelo e tswalanywa le Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS).

Letadi la Zika gantši le phatlalatšwa ka go longwa ke menang ya *mohuta wa* Aedes. Gape e ka ba ya fetelwa ka thobalano go tšwa go monna go ya go balekani ba gagwe ba thobalano gape e ka fetetšwa kudu ka phatlalalo ka go fana ka madi. Diphetelo go basadi bao ba imilego di ka fetela ngwana gomme di ka baka hlokofalo ya ngwana ka mpeng le microcephaly. Diphekolo di dirwa ka diteko tša madi, moroto, goba mare go lekola go ba gona ga baerase ya Zika ya RNA ge motho a lwala.

Thibelo e akaretša phokotšo ya go longwa ke menang mafelong ao bolwetši bo tšwelelago le tirišo ya maleba ya dikhontomo.  Maitekelo a go thibela go longwa a akaretša tšhomišo ya dikoba menang, go khupetša mmele ka moka ka diaparo, dinete tša menang, le phedišo ya meetse a go ema sebaka moo menang e tswalago gona.  Ga go na kentie dirišwago. Bašomi ba tša maphelo ba eletša gore basadi bao ba lego mafelong ao a amegilwego ke 2015–16 go wa ga Zika ba gopole go se ime gomme bao ba imilego ba se ke ba etela dinaga tšeo.  Mola go se nago kalafi e itšeng, paracetamol (acetaminophen) e ka thuša ka dišupo. Go robatšwa bookelong gantši ga go hlokege.

Baerase yeo e bakago bolwetši e ile ya aroganywa la mathomo ka 1947. Go ngwala ga go wa la mathomo ga bolwetši magareng ga batho go tšweletše ka 2007 ka Federated States ya Micronesia. Bolwetši bo be bo tšwelela dileteng tše masomepedi tša Amerika. Gape go tsebega bo tšwelela gape ka Afrika, Asia, le Pacifiki. Ka lebaka la go wa ga bolwetši go go thomilego ka Brazil ka 2015, ba Mokgatlo wa Maphelo wa Lefase ba bo begile bjalo ka Public Health Emergency of International Concern ka Febereware 2016.

## Ditšhupetšo
Townview, Mooi River

**Townview** ke township wa Mooi River mo Mmasepala Setereke tša uMgungundlovu go feta KwaZulu Natala ka moka Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
Dukathole

**Dukathole** ke township wa Aliwal North mo Mmasepala Setereke tša Joe Gqabi go feta porofense Kapa Bohlabela (Eastern Cape) ka moka Afrika Borwa.

Township e 163 km lebowa la Queenstown le 206 km borwa la Bloemfontein.


File:Aliwal North - Dukatole - 03.05 - Housebuilding Projekt.jpg|Kago ya ntlo ka Dukathole
File:Aliwal North - Dukatole - 03.05 - Shack.jpg|Mokhukhu wo mogolo wo o dirilwego ka matlakala a marulelo a tšhipi ya maphoto ka Dukathole
File:Aliwal North - Dukatole - 03.05 - Street Shop.jpg|Street Shop ka seterateng se seholo sa Dukathole
File:Aliwal North - Dukatole - 03.05 - Street scene.jpg|Dukatole - Pono ya setarateng


## Ditšhupetšo
Sonwabile

**Sonwabile** ke township wa Maclear go feta Mmasepala Setereke tša Joe Gqabi wa porofense Kapa Bohlabela (Eastern Cape) ka moka Afrika Borwa.

Township e 216&nbsp;km lebowa bohlabela la Queenstown le 239&nbsp;km bohlabela la Aliwal North.

## Ditšhupetšo
Kwanokuthula

**Kwanokuthula** ke black African township wa Plettenberg Bay, toropo wa Bitou Mmusogae go feta Kapa Bodikela ka moka Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
Mmušôgaê wa ://Khara Hais

right|250px|thumb|Location of //Khara Hais in Kapa Leboa.
**Mmušôgaê wa ://Khara Hais** ke mmasepala go feta Mmasepala Setereke tša ZF Mgcawu wa diporofense Kapa Leboa ka moka Afrika Borwa.

Toropo kgolo kgolo ya **Mmušôgaê wa ://Khara Hais** ke Upington
Nkqubela

**Nkqubela** ke township ya Robertson, Langeberg Mmusogae, Cape Winelands go feta Kapa Bodikela, ka moka Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
Leišmaniasis

**Leišmaniasis**, gape e peletwa bjalo ka **leišmaniosis**, ke bolwetši bja go bakwa ke dipharasaete tša protozoan tša ditšini tša *Leišmania* gomme di phatlalatšwa ke go longwa ga mehuta e mengwe ya dintšhi tša santeng. Bolwetši bo ka itlhagiša ka mekgwa ye meraro: dišwana, tša mamina, goba leišmaniasis ya ditho tša ka gare. Mokgwa wa dišwana o itlhagiša ka dišwana letlalong, mola mokgwa wa mamina o itlhagiša ka dišwana mo letlalong, molomong le ka nkong, gape mokgwa wa ditho tša ka gare o itlhagiša ka dišo mo letlalong gomme ka morago ya itlhagiša ka letadi, disele tše dikhubedu tša madi tša fase, le kgodišo ya lebete le sebete.

Diphetelo go bathong di bakwa ke dišupo tša go feta tše 20 tša *Leišmania*. Mabaka a kotsi a akaretša bohloki, phepompe, go tlošwa ga mehlare, le toropofatšo. Mehuta ka moka ye meraro e ka phekolwa ka go lebelela dipharasaete ka maekroskopo. Go tlaleletša, malwetši a ditho tša ka gare a ka phekolwa ka diteko tša madi. 

Leišmaniasis e ka thibelwa ga nnyane ka go robala ka fase ga dinete tša go tšhelwa kalafi ya polaya khunkhwane Magato a mangwe a akaretša sefothedi sa polaya khunkhwane go bolaya dintšhi tša santeng le go alafa batho ka pela go thibela phatlalatšo ya go naba. Kalafi yeo e hlokegago e ya le gore bolwetši bo hweditšwe ka, dišupo tša *Leišmania*, le mohuta wa phetelo. Dikalafi tše dingwe tša kgonagalo tše di dirišwago go malwetši a ditho tša ka gare di akaretša liposomal amphoterisini B, tlhakanyo ya di-antimoniale tša pentabalente le paromomisini, le miltefosine. Go malwetši a dišwana, paromomisini, flukonazole goba pentamidine e ka thuša.

Palo ya go feta dimilione tše 12 tša batho ga bjale ba fetetšwe dinageng tše dingwe tše 98. Palo ya go feta dimilione tše 2 tša dikgetsi tše dimpsha le magareng ga palo ya dikete tše 20 le 50 tša mahu e tšwelela ngwaga ka ngwaga. Palo ya go feta dimilione tše 200&nbsp;tša batho ka Asia, Afrika, Amerika Borwa le Bogare bja Amerika, le borwa bja Europa ba dula mafelong ao bolwetši bjo bo tlwaelegilego. Mokgatlo wa Maphelo wa Lefase o hweditše phokoletšo ya theko ya dikalafi tše dingwe tša go alafa bolwetši bjo. Bolwetši bo ka tšwelela ka palo e ntši go diphoofolo tše dingwe, go akaretšwa tša meno a polai le dikokoni.

## Ditšhupetšo
ENduli

**eNduli** ke township bohlabela ya Ceres, Witzenberg Mmusogae, Cape Winelands go feta Kapa Bodikela ka moka Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
Montana, Kapa Bodikela

**Montana** ke township wa Bammala, hleng la toropo Wolseley, Witzenberg, Mmasepala Setereke tša Cape Winelands go feta Kapa Bodikela ka moka Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
1727

**1727** (MDCCXXVII) ebile ngwaga wa go thoma ka Laboraro, ngwaga wa boseswai ngwagengsome wa 1720s, ngwaga wa bomasomepedi šupa ngwagengkgolo wa Ngwagakgolo 18, le ngwaga wa bomakgolo šupa masomepedi šupa ngwagengkete wa Ngwagakete 2.

__TOC__
## Mahu
### [[Hlakola]]
* 31 Hlakola - Sir Isaac Newton
1643

**1643** (MDCXLIII) ebile ngwaga wa go thoma ka Labone, ngwaga wa bone ngwagengsome wa 1640s, ngwaga wa bomasomenne tharo ngwagengkgolo wa Ngwagakgolo 17, le ngwaga wa bomakgolo tshela masomenne tharo ngwagengkete wa Ngwagakete 2.

__TOC__
## Matswalo
### [[Pherekgong]]
* Pherekgong 4 - Sir Isaac Newton
Simondium

**Simondium** ke hamlet 8 km borwa ya Paarl go feta Kapa Bodikela.

It was named after Pierre Simond (1651-1713), Huguenot minister at the Cape.

## Ditšhupetšo
Paromomisini

right|350px
right|350px
**Paromomisini** is a aminoglycoside antibiotic, first isolated from *Streptomyces krestomuceticus* in the 1950s. It was discovered by Parke Davis (now Pfizer).

It is on the World Health Organization's (Mokgatlo wa Maphelo wa Lefase) List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important medication needed in a basic health system.
Flukonazole

right|260px
right|260px
**Flukonazole** is an antifungal medication that is given either by mouth or intravenously. It is used to treat a variety of fungal infections, especially *Candida* infections of the vagina, mouth, throat, and bloodstream.

It is on the World Health Organization's (Mokgatlo wa Maphelo wa Lefase) List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important medication needed in a basic health system.
Moruba wa sekgowa

thumb|250px|right|Tšhêšê set.
right|thumb

**Moruba wa sekgowa** (Tšhêšê, chess) ke papadi, batho ba ralôkiša tafôlêng.

## FIDE

Mokgatlo wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Chess (FIDE, ka Sefora Fédération Internationale des Échecs) o na le maikarabelo a go hloma ya papadi le go hlokomela go obamela ga yona.

FIDE ke mokgatlo wo o kopanyago mekgatlo ya bosetšhaba ya chess ya go feta 200 go tšwa dikontinentg tše hlano.  E thehiloe Paris (Fora) ka la 20 Phupu, 1924, e ile ea amohela e le seema sa eona "Gens una Sumus" (ka Selatine, Re Lelapa le le leng).  

FIDE e na le maikarabelo a go rulaganya **Bompopi la Lefase** ba Chess le **Diolimpia** ba Chess.  E hloma melawana ya thonamente, e bala mangwalo a thuto a batšwasehlabelo, gomme e aba dithaetlele tša tlhompho tša boditšhabatšhaba,  Ka 1999, FIDE e ile ya amogelwa ke Komiti ya Diolimpiki ya Ditšhaba-tšhaba (IOC), gomme nywaga e mebedi ka morago, melawana ya IOC ya go lwantšha dihlare-tagi e ile ya tsenywa diphadišanong tša chess.

### Bapresidente ba FIDE
* 1924 - 1939:  Alexander Rueb,  Netherlands
* 1939 - 1946:  Augusto de Muro,  Argentina
* 1946 - 1949:  Alexander Rueb,  Netherlands
* 1949 - 1970:  Folke Rogard,  Sweden
* 1970 - 1978:  Max Euwe,  Netherlands
* 1978 - 1982:  Fridik Olafsson,  Iceland
* 1982 - 1995:  Florencio Campomanes,  Philippines
* 1995 - 2018:  Kirsan Ilyumzhinov,  Russia
* 2018 - ....:  Arkady Dvorkovich,  Russia

## Chess ya go ngwalelana

Ke mokgwa wa chess yeo go yona baphenkgišani ba boledišanago ka dikgato tša bona ka imeile.  Nako ya karabelo e balwa ka matšatši gomme papadi e ka tšea dikgwedi goba mengwaga go phethwa.

Mokgatlo wa Bodistšhatšhaba wa Chess wa Ngwalano (ICCF)  wo o hlomilwego ka 1951, o na le maikarabelo a go rulaganya Diolimpia tša wona le Dipapadi tša Bompopi tša Lefase.

## Lefatše la Ngwalano Chess Championship

## Di-Olympiad tša Chess tša Ngwalano

Diolimpiki ke phadišano yeo naga ye nngwe le ye nngwe yeo e amanago le ICCF e nago le nago le tokelo ya go tšweletša sehlopha seo  se tlago e emela, seo se bolilwego ka dibapadi tše 6 tša ka mehla le ba 2 bao ba tšeago legato la yona.

E swarwa ka dikgato tše pedi: Makgaolakgang a Olympiad e tee le Semifinal ya ye e latelago di bapalwa ka nako e tee.

## Litšupiso
Nile

**Nile** ke noka kgolokgolo wa Afrika.
thumb|left|300px|The Nile's watershed
thumb|upright|The Nile at Dendera, as seen from a satellite
thumb|The Nile near Beni Suef
upright|thumb|Composite satellite image of the White Nile.
Noka

**Noka** ke *river* ka Seisimane.
[thumb|Noka, mô Pyrénées ya [Fora.]]
thumb|300px|Noka kgolo.
thumb|300px|Noka Donau, mô toropông ya Munster, Jeremane.
Thaba

thumb|left|350px|Mount Everest
thumb|right|250px|Matterhorn, ke thaba mo Switzerland, Europa.

**Thaba** ke *mountain* ka Seisimane.
Naga

**Naga** (Seisimane: **country**) ke sebaka se e tsejoa e le mokhatlo oa ikemetšeng a jeokrafi lipolotiki. Naga ka 'na ba e ikemetšeng ipusang e kapa e mong e lula pušo e' ngoe, e le go arola bao e šeng a bobusi kapa pele e neng e le 'musi ea lipolitiki kapa ea sebakeng libopeho tše amanang le re behela ea batho ba neng ikemetšeng kapa ka tšela e fapaneng amahanngoang le go sebelisoa litsobotsi buella lipolitiki. Go sa tsotellehe gore thutafase meleng, a ea kajeno amohela matjhabeng tlhaloso ea molao joalokaha hlalosoa ke Selekane sa Lichaba ka 1937 'me a se tiisa ke Machaba a Kopaneng ka 1945, moagi oa naga e e ka tlaša go ikoetliša ikemetšeng ea taolo tabeng ea molao.

Ka linako tše ling linaheng tše lentsoe e sebelisoa go fetisetša ka bobedi go ipusang le go mekhatlo e meng ea lipolitiki, ga a ntše a linako tše ling le bolela feela go e re. Ka mohlala, "CIA World Factbook" sebeliša lentsoe tša lona "Country: bolela "tšimo go bolela" tše ngata tša dependencies, libakeng tše bobusing ba khethehileng, lihlekehleke tše se nang baahi, 'me mekhatlo ea tše ling go phaella go linaheng tše tlwaelo kapa o bolela ikemetšeng."
Sekgwa

thumb|Gaešita le, dihlare tše di kitimago tša beech karolo ya Sethokgwa sa Sonian. English: Even, dense beech trees (''Fagus sylvatica''), part of the Sonian Forest.
thumb|Biogradska forest in Montenegro
[thumb|Sethokgwa sa mekokotlo kua [Madagascar, seo se nago le mehuta e fapa-fapanego ya baobab.]]

**Sekgwa** ke sebakeng se segolo ba naga koahetsoeng ka lifate kapa tse ling tse woody limela. Ba makholo a litlhaloso tobileng haholoanyane tsa moru li sebelisoa go pholletsa le lefatše, se nang lintho tse kang sefate segokanyipalo, bophahamo sefate, go sebelisa mobu, e eme ka molao me mosebetsi tlholeho. Go e ka go pharaletseng sebelisoa United Nations Lijo le Temo Organization tlhaloso, meru koahela hektare bilione tse nè (limilione tse 15 lisekoere-k'hilomithara tse) kapa hoo e ka bang karolo ea 30 lekholong ea sebaka naheng ea lefatše go ea ka 2006.

Meru ke muso o hlaheletseng tša lefaše bottler ea lefaše me ba aba ka mose wa lefaše. Meru ikarabella ka 75% ea feteletseng tlhahiso e ka sehloohong ea biosphere lefaše, me e na le 80% ea limela biomass ea lefaše.
Toropokgolo

**Toropokgolo** ke main toropo wa naga, kane wa masipala.
:Seisimane: Capital city
:Afrikaans: Hoofstad
[thumb|[Paris, toropokgolo wa Fora.]]
[thumb|[Caracas, toropokgolo wa Venezuela.]]
Orange River

450px|right
[240px|thumb|left|Augrabies Falls mô Orange River, [Kapa Leboa]]
**Orange River** (Sesotho: **Noka ya Senqu**) ke noka letelele kgolo wa Lesotho, Afrika Borwa le Namibia.
Vaal River

thumb|Vaal River seen from N3.
**Vaal River** (Sesotho: **Noka ya Lekwa**) ke yona ekgolo noka fitisisa ka Makala a dinoka tse tšelang Orange River mô Afrika Borwa.
Mmušôgaê wa Walter Sisulu

**Mmušôselegae wa Walter Sisulu** ke mmušôselegaê go feta Mmasepala Setereke tša Joe Gqabi wa porofense Kapa Bohlabela ka moka Afrika Borwa.

Motse-kgolo ya Walter Sisulu ke Aliwal North.

## Metse
Metse ya mmušôselegaê ke:
* Aliwal North
* Burgersdorp (seat)
* Dukathole
* Jamestown
* Khayamnandi
* Mzamomhle
* Nozizwe
* Oviston
* Steynsburg
* Teebus
* Tembisa
* Venterstad

## Dinoka
Dinoka wa mmušôselegaê:
* Braklaagtespruit
* Brandkopspruit
* Elandspruit
* Holspruit
* Karringmelkspruit
* Kraairivier
* Krambergspruit
* Kromspruit
* Orange River (Senqu)
* Oslaagte
* Skulpspruit
* Telemachusspruit
* Wilgespruit

## Ditšhupetšo
Mmušôselegae wa Enoch Mgijima

**Mmušôselegae wa Enoch Mgijima** ke mmasepala go feta Mmasepala Setereke tša Chris Hani wa porofense Kapa Bohlabela ka moka Afrika Borwa.

Formed after the merger of Lukhanji Mmusogae, Tsolwana Mmusogae and Inkwanca Mmusogae on 8 August 2016.

## Ditšhupetšo
Mmušôgaê wa Raymond Mhlaba

**Mmušôgaê wa Raymond Mhlaba** ke mmusogae go feta Mmasepala Setereke tša Amathole wa porofense Kapa Bohlabela ka moka Afrika Borwa.

Formed after the merger of Nkonkobe Mmusogae and Nxuba Mmusogae. Toropokgolo wa Raymond Mhlaba ke Fort Beaufort.

## Ditoropo
Toropo wa mmasepala:
* Fort Beaufort (seat)
* Adelaide
* Alice
* Balfour
* Bedford
* Healdtown township
* Hogsback
* Katberg
* Middledrift
* Seymour

## Ditšhupetšo
Cathay Pacific

thumb|200px|left|Cathay City - Kantôrô kgolo wa Cathay Pacific
thumb|right|300px|Boeing 747 ya Cathay Pacific
thumb|right|280px|Boeing 747 of Cathay Pacific taking off from London-Heathrow
**Cathay Pacific Limited** ke lifofane tsoang Hong Kong. E tsamaisa batho le thepa kapa go e ka godimo go 120 metse lefatše ka bophara. Botlaaseng ya yona e kgolo kapa khubu ke ka Hong Kong International Airport.

Ke e 'ngoe ea Airlines tse tšeletseng lefatšeng go fumana tse hlano stjernerangering tsoang Skytrax. E swarwile "Lifofane tša Ngwaga" khau tsoang Skytrax ka 2003, 2005 le 2009. Morali'abo rona e eona lifofane e **Dragonair** e leng o sebeletsa celow Tšhaena linaheng le Asia.
Etihad Airways

**Etihad Airways** ke lifofane ye kgolo wa United Arab Emirates. E ileng ba bōptjoa ka molao-taelo ya borena ka July 2003. E ile ea tomile go fofa bapalami ba nkang ka November 2003. Abu Dhabi, toropokgolo wa United Arab Emirates, ke khubu ya lifofane kapa botlaaseng ba buuoe.

**Etihad Airways** e fofela mafelong a 130 ka sehlopha sa difofane tše 79.


File:Etihad Airways - Airbus A380-861.jpg|Etihad's first Airbus A380 departs London-Heathrow International Airport
File:Etihad Airways Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner A6-BLA.jpg|Etihad Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner in the current livery
File:A6-EHJ A340-600 Etihad F1 (6896908315).jpg|A Etihad Airways Airbus A340-600 in special Formula 1 livery at Frankfurt Airport in February 2012


File:Etihad Airways Boeing 777-300ER (A6-ETA) in new livery.jpg|Etihad Boeing 777-300ER takes off from Manchester Airport in the U.K.
File:N855GT.jpg|Etihad Cargo Boeing 747-8F at Shahjalal International Airport, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Emirates

right|200px
**Emirates** ke lifofane ka naga ya Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Khampani e thehiloe a May 1985 ke muso wa UAE.

Emirates o bontšitse sebeletsa kgolo e potlakileng ka kgolo. Sefofane fana a mangata a Bošhabela bo Gare, Asia, Europa, Afrika, India, Oceania le Amerika Leboa. Ka 25 October 1985 li ile tsa phethile vuelos pele oa go India le Pakistan. Pakeng tša 1987 le bo-1990 ba ile Asia le Europe 'mapeng. Emirates ile ea e-batsholadisereng ea SriLankan Airlines ka la 1 April 1998. Go tloha ka la 1 October 2015, Emirates fofelang habeli letsatsi le letšatši bao e seng setopong tsoang Dubai go Amsterdam le Brussels Airport. E thepa likarolo tša Emirates chesang Emirates SkyCargo.

Kepe boo lapeng ke Dubai International Airport wa Dubai. Go tloha ka 20 June 2010 Emirates e boetse e sebelisa boema-fofane tša ncha Dubai: Al Maktoum International Airport. Letšatšing leo o ile a fihla sefofane EK9883, e leng thepa balega Hong Kong.

[thumb|left|400px|[Airbus A380 wa Emirates, Dubai Airport]]
[thumb|right|400px|[Boeing 777-300ER wa Emirates]]
Singapore Airlines

**Singapore Airlines Limited** (ICAO: SIA) (SGX: C6L) ke folakha mojari ya Singapore le le 5-star lefofane. Singapore Airlines sebetsang ho tloha setsi sa se ka Airport Singapore Changi lula a boteng matla a Asia Borwa-bochabela, Asia Bochabela, Asia Borwa le "Kangaroo Route" limmaraka.

thumb|left|400px|Boeing 747-400 wa Singapore Airlines
thumb|right|400px|Boeing 777-300ER wa Singapore Airlines

thumb|left|320px|Singapore Airlines flight attendants
thumb|right|Kantoro kgolo ya Singapore Airlines
Boeing 747-8

[thumb|left|320px|Boeing 747-8 Intercontinental sa [Lufthansa nakoana ka mor'a ho tlosoa]]
**Boeing 747-8** ke sefofane se seholo sa lifofane se tsamaisoang ke Boeing Commercial Airplanes. E phatlalalitsoeng ka molao ka 2005, 747-8 ke moloko oa boraro oa Boeing 747, o nang le fuselage e telele, mapheo a tsosolositsoeng le bokhoni bo ntlafetseng. E 747-8 ke phetolelo e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea 747, sefofane se seholo ka ho fetisisa sa khoebo se hahiloeng United States, le sefofane se selelele ka ho fetisisa sa baeti lefatšeng.

Mantsoe a 747-8 a nyeheloa ka mefuta e 'meli e meholo e kholo: bapalami ba 747-8 ba Intercontinental le mofolisi oa 747-8 bakeng sa thepa.Mantsoe a 747-8F a pele a ile a baleha ka la 8 February, 2010, le 747-8 Intercontinental ka morao ho la 20 Mphalane 2011. Ho tsamaisoa ha sefofane sa pele sa sefofane se ile sa etsahala ka October 2011 'me mokhoa oa bapalami o qalile ho tsamaisoa ka 2012. Ho tloha ka June 2016 , o netefalitse litaelo tsa hore 747-8 e kakaretso ea 125, e nang le 74 ea sebopeho sa freighter, le 51 ea bapalami ba phetolelo.

## References
Mmušôgaê wa Ray Nkonyeni

**Mmušôgaê wa Ray Nkonyeni** ke mmasepala o moswa mo Mmasepala Setereke tša Ugu ka moka Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
Boeing 737

Sefofane tša **Boeing 737** ke short to mediumrange twinjet narrow-body airliner. Seo qalong se neng pele e le khutsoanyane, tlaasana litšenyehelo lefahla-enjene le sefofane tsoa Boeing a 707 le 727, e 737 e ntshetswa pele lelapeng la leshome dikai tsa baeti le maemong ana ho tloha bapalami ba nkang 85 ho 215. 737 e Boeing feela moqotetsane-'mele sefofane seo a tlhahiso, ka 737 Next Generation (-700, -800,' me -900ER) variants gajoale o e ntse e gahoa. Production o boetse o tomile ka botjha engined le redesigned 737 MAX, e leng e behiloeng ka ho kenela tšebeletso ea ka 2017.

thumb|right|Boeing 737 ya Southwest Airlines
[thumb|An early-production Boeing 737-100 of [Lufthansa at Hannover Airport, 1968]]
Lufthansa

[thumb|left|A Lufthansa [Boeing 727|Boeing 727–100 approaching London Heathrow Airport in 1978.]]
**Deutsche Lufthansa AG** (IATA: **LH**; ICAO: **DLH**) tsejoang **Lufthansa** ke kgolo ka go fetisisa Jeremane lifofane, ga go kopantswe le ka tiasa yona yona, le e lifofane kgolo ka go fetisisa Europe, ka bobeli ya ka dipehelo tša bapalami ba nkang etsoa le likepe bogolo. It operates services to 18 domestic destinations and 197 international destinations in 78 countries across Afrika, Amerika, Asia le Europe, sebelisa likepe tse baetsi ba lifofane go feta 260. Lufthansa ke e mong oa litho tše hlano tša Star Alliance, ea li hulang pele sefofane selekane, thehoa ka 1997.

Ntle go moo Airlines tsa lona tsa baeti Austria Airlines, Switzerland International Air Lines, le Eurowings go akarelletsa Germanwings. Kopantswe le ka tiasa yona ba eona, sehlopha na holim baetsi ba lifofane 615, etsa hore ho e' ngoe ea kgolo ka go fetisisa fleets baeti lifofane lefatšeng. Ka 2014, sehlopha etsoa tse ka godimo go nka bapalami ba limilione tse 106.

thumb|right|Lufthansa Lockheed L-1049G Super Constellation operating a transatlantic scheduled services from Hamburg to Montreal and Chicago in May 1956.
[thumb|In 1960 Lufthansa joined the jet age with the [Boeing 707. The image shows a 707 at Hamburg Airport in 1984, shortly before the type was retired.]]
[thumb|right|The [Boeing 737 is the best-selling jet airliner in the history of aviation. Lufthansa was the launch customer of the original 737-100 version. The image shows an aircraft of that type at Hannover Airport in 1968.]]
[thumb|right|Lufthansa operated the high-capacity [Airbus A300|Airbus A300-600 on domestic and European routes until 2009. The image shows an aircraft of that type on final approach at Frankfurt Airport in 2003.]]

## Ditšhupetšo
Boeing 707

[thumb|left|[Qantas Jett Clipper Ella N707JT]]
**Boeing 707** ke bogareng ba bo-e bogolo bo lekaneng, nako e telele, e moqotetsane-'mele li' ne enjene jete sefofane seo hahiloeng ke Boeing Commercial lifofane tloha ka 1958 go 1979. Lebitso la eona ka tloaelo go phatlalatsa e le "seven oh seven". Liphetolelong tsa baetsi ba lifofane ba na le bokgoni ba go tloha bapalami ba nkang 140 ho 219 le mefuta e fapaneng ya 2.500 go 5.750 lik'hilomithara tse nautical (4,630 go 10.650 km).

707 e ile ntshetswa pele ho tloha Boeing 367-80, mochine o sa jete sa ea pele ea tlisoa ka lifofane ka 1954. A kholoanyane fuselage a cross-karolo ya le diphetolo tse ling fella ka hore ebe qalong-tlhahiso 707-120, tsamaisoa ka Pratt & Whitney JT3C dienjini turbojet, e leng ea pele sefofane mabapi le 20 December 1957. **Pan American World Airways** e tomile e 707 tšebeletso ea hae mabapi le 26 October 1958. Hamorao derivatives akarelletsa shortened nako e telele 707-138 le 707-320 otlolla, tseo ka bobeli li kenela tšebeletso ka 1959. a short- tse nyenyane tse fapaneng tsena lia fetana, e 720, e ne e hlahiswa ka 1960. The 707-420, e leng phetolelo ea 707 otlolla le Rolls-Royce Conway turbofans, debuted a 1960, ga a ntse a Pratt & Whitney JT3D turbofans debuted ka 707-120B le 707-320B dikai ka 1961 le ka 1962, ka go latellana.

[thumb|left|An [Air France Boeing 707–328 mo Hannover Airport, 1972]]
thumb|right|Olympic Airways Boeing 707 ka 1978

## Ditšhupetšo
Boeing 727

thumb|left|240px|Boeing 727-2S7 Advanced Champion LAX
thumb|left|upright|240px|The Boeing factory in Seatle, U.S.A., producing more than 1800 B727's during the 1970-80's.
thumb|300px|Tail section of a Pan Am Boeing 727
**Boeing 727** ke sefofane bo-bogolo e moqotetsane-'mele a mararo enjene go lifofane tse kgolo hahiloeng ke Boeing Commercial Airplanes tsoang ya 1960 mathoasong a lekgolo go 1984. [1] Go ka phetha bapalami ba nkang 149 ho tse 189' me dikai hamorao ka fofa go fihlela ho 2.700 nautical lik'hilomithara tse (5,000 km) sa khaotse. O ne a rerile bakeng sa baratos khutšoanyane le tse mahareng bolelele, e 727 ka sebelisa lifofane tse batlang e le khutšoanyane ea boema-fofaneng le menyenyane. E na Pratt & Whitney JT8D dienjini tse tharo tse ka tlase go T-mohatla, e mong ka lehlakoreng ka leng la fuselage morao le setsi enjene e amahanya go pholletsa e S-difapho go lesoba e botlaaseng. The 727 e Boeing feela hut-lifofane tse kgolo.

The 727 latela 707, e leng quad-jete sefofane seo, leo ka arolelanang ka holimo fuselage a cross-karolo ya ea sona le cockpit boqapi ba bona. The 727-100 la pele sefofane ka February 1963 le kenela tšebeletso le Eastern Air Lines ka February 1964; ea otlolla 727-200 sefofane ka July 1967 le kenela tšebeletso le ka leboea-bochabela Airlines hore December. The 727 e ile ea e ka sehloohong ea marangrang Airlines 'tsamaea ka tsela efe e ruuoang le ne le boetse le sebelisoa mabapi le litsela tse ling tse short- le seaplane e telele linaheng tsa machaba. Mopalami, freighter, le e fetohang liphetolelong tsa 727 go ile ha hahoa.

The 727 e ile ka kgolo hlahisoang ho kena 1970s ea; a ho qetela 727 e ile ea phethoa ka 1984. Go tloha ka July 2013, kakaretso ea batho ba 109 Boeing 727s (5 × 727-100s le 104 × 727-200s) ba ne ba le tšebeletso ea likhoele tsa khoebo le 34 Airlines. Le melao ea tsamaiso Airport lerata li ile sa etsa hore 727s ho a hlomelloa le lebokosana le khutso e kgolo.

## Ditšhupetšo
Boeing 777

thumb|left|250px|Boeing 777 sa United Airlines
**Boeing 777** ke lelapa la lifofane tse tsamaeang ka nako e telele tse nang le lifofane tse ngata tse entsoeng ka lifofane tse entsoeng ka bobeli le tse entsoeng ke Boeing Commercial Airplanes. Ke twinjet e kholo ka ho fetisisa lefats'eng 'me e na le matla a tloaelehileng a bolulo bakeng sa bapalami ba 314 ho ea ho 451, e nang le lik'hilomithara tse 5 235 ho ea ho tse 9 500 tse nang le marulelo a mararo (9,695 ho ea ho 17,594 km).

Lintho tse khethollang ka tloaelo li bitsoa "Triple Seven", likarolo tsa eona tse khethollang li na le li-drive tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa turbofan tsa sefofane leha e le sefe, mabili a tšeletseng ka thepa e ka sehloohong ea ho fihla, sehlopha se seholo sa sefate sa fuselage, le sefate sa mohatla. E thehiloe ka lipuisano le lifofane tse kholo tse robeli, 777 e ne e etselitsoe ho nka lifofane tsa khale tsa batho ba bangata le borokho ba phapang pakeng tsa boeing ea 767 le 747. Joaloka sefofane sa pele sa Boeing se tsamaeang le sefofane, se na le taolo ea motlakase. E ne e boetse e le sefofane sa pele sa khoebo se lokelang ho etsoa ka ho feletseng ka moqapi oa li-computer.

thumb|380px|Computerized cockpit sa Transaero Airlines 777-200ER
[thumb|left|360px|[Air India Boeing 777-200LR e kenngoa Setsing sa Boeing Everett]]
Air France

(English)

**Air France**, stylized as AIRFRANCE, is the French flag carrier headquartered in Tremblay-en-France, (north of Paris). It is a subsidiary of the Air France–KLM Group and a founding member of the SkyTeam global airline alliance. As of 2013 Air France serves 36 destinations in France and operates worldwide scheduled passenger and cargo services to 168 destinations in 93 countries (including overseas departments and territories of France) and also carried 46,803,000 passengers in 2015.

(Sesotho)

**Air France**, stylized joalokaha AIRFRANCE, ke Fora folakha headquartered a Tremblay-en-France, (ka leboa go Paris). Ke ka tlaasana ea Air France–KLM Group le setho mothehi oa SkyTeam lifofane oa lefatše lohle selekane. Joalokaha sa 2013 Air France sebeletsa 36 celow Fora le sebetsang lefatšeng ka bophara ho lokiselitsoe baeti le thepa lits'ebeletso ho 168 celow linaheng 93 (ho akarelletsa le mafapha a mose ho maoatle le libakeng tsa Fora) 'me e boetse etsoa bapalami ba nkang 46.803.000 ka 2015.

[thumb|left|300px|Air France [Boeing 747-400]]
thumb|280px|French Concorde
thumb|280px|left|An Airbus of Air France
thumb|280px|AF LEspace Premiere 777 cabin
Qantas

thumb|280px|right|Sefofane sa Airbus A380 sa QANTAS
**Qantas** (Qantas Airways Limited) ke khamphani ya difofane ya go rwala folaga ya Australia le khamphani ya yona ye kgolo ya difofane ka bogolo bja sehlopha sa difofane, difofane tša boditšhabatšhaba le mafelo a boditšhabatšhaba. Ke khamphani ya boraro ya kgale kudu ya difofane lefaseng, ka morago ga gore KLM le Avianca di hlomilwe ka November 1920; e ile ya thoma difofane tša ditšhaba-tšhaba tša banamedi ka May 1935.

Leina la Qantas le tšwa go "QANTAS", e lego khutsofatšo ya leina la yona la mathomo, "Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Services", gomme le reeletšwe ka sereto sa "The Flying Kangaroo". Qantas ke setho sa motheo sa selekane sa difofane sa Oneworld.
Finland

**Finland** ke naga lefasaneng la Europa, toropokgolo ya gona ke Helsinki.

280px
left|thumb|Pielinen
thumb|left|Euro banknotes are used in Finland
Airbus A300

[thumb|240px|Yona yeo ke Airbus A300 ya [Lufthansa.]]
thumb|right|240px|Airbus A300-600R of Japan Airlines

Sefofane sa **Airbus A300** ke sefofane se kgolo, ba aga mo Jeremane, Fora, le Spain ka moka Europa.
Airbus A380

[thumb|left|400px|Yona yeo ke Airbus A380 wa [Emirates, Dubai Airport]]

Sefofane sa **Airbus A380** ke sefofane se kgolokgolo, ba aga mo Jeremane, Fora, le Spain ka moka Europa.
Mmušôselegae wa Big Five Hlabisa

**Mmušôselegae wa Big Five Hlabisa** ke mmasepala go feta Mmasepala Setereke tša uMkhanyakude wa porofense KwaZulu Natala ka moka Afrika Borwa.

Toropokgolo ya **Mmušôselegae wa Big Five Hlabisa** ke Hluhluwe.

## Ditšhupetšo
Diphagane

**Diphagane** ke toropo go feta Mmušôselegae wa Makhuduthamaga, Mmasepala Setereke tša Sekhukhune wa porofense Limpopo ka moka Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
Boerewors

left|thumb|220px|A mokolo tala boroso.
thumb|260px|Kemiso a tletse boroso (boerewors) le nama tša kolobe.
**Boerewors** ke nama minced le mafura e tsoakane e nang le litlama le letsoai, le ka khaotsa go ka mala sa khaotseng e loketse bakeng sa go gadika kapa go baka. Seo qalong se neng linku tše mala sebedišwa bakeng sa sekoahelo, empa kajeno go e ka bang feela sebelisa mala maiketsetso. Ke khetheha e ratoang gagolo Afrika Borwa le linaheng tša boahelani.

## Bona le
* Bêša nama
Yunibesithi ya Fort Hare

thumb|256x256px|Stewart monument mo Somgxata Hill godimong UFH.
**Yunibesithi ya Fort Hare (UFH)** e ne e le tsa yunibesithi bobedi ya Afrika Borwa le setheo se ba pele ba mona go re e fana ka thuto e phahameng go Maafrika. Yunibesithi e ne e le lebaka la sekolo thuto ya bolumeli o ileng ya thehoa qetellong ea lekholo la bo19 la lilemo sebakeng sena ke Scotland be legae la baromuoa James Stewart le mosadi o gae. Seafrikaans buang baagi e ne e tla ga morao go go ngata feela fumana yunibesithi ya gabo bona, e leng ya Yunibesithi ya Stellenbosch.

Yunibesithi e ke ka Tyhume River a Alice ka Kapa Bohlabela le na le histori e ruileng. The sebakeng sa lekholong la bo19 la lilemo ka nako e telele ea etelang makala ntoa lintoeng tse robong khahlanong le Xhosa. E bile feela ka thoko British kolone (British Kafraria). Lipampitšana British la naga go ya Xhosa ba neng ba ikemiselitse go fana ka go loantša lehlakoreng la bona (amaFengu). Fort Hare boeena e ne e lona qalong e British qhobosheane le ba bang lithako ntse ba mo khamphaseng ya yunibesithi tse fumanegang.

Yunibesithi e bile le seabo se segolo seo lihlopha tse ka ntshetsopele ya ANC le mekhatlo e meng ba batsho Afrika Borwa le ne e le khale e tsejoa e le khamphaseng khathatseha. Ka ya apareteiti mehla, go ile ga e le karolo ya Ciskei le ba basoeu ba neng ba sebetsa le yunibesithi, go phethahatsa karolo e phethoang tsoang Fort Beaufort le Hogsback, ile a tlameha go tšela moeli go ya mosebetsing ya bona.

A taolo ya le lesha tlas'a Derrick Swartz e tsitsisoa boemo ka 1999 le tsa yunibesithi bile atoloswa go Bhisho le East London. Ka 2015, gape ba kena litaba likgethong bakeng sa lekgotla la seithuti se kgethilego bogolo ba liithuti tsena li bakeng sa DASO. Ka 2016 ka kgetha molao 43% bakeng SASCO (e gokaganeng le ANC) le 40% feela bakeng sa DASO. DASO Leha go le joalo supa ne te ya go re likgethong tsena ka Komisi Independent Dikgetho (IEC), empa go ile ga hlophisoa ke op o dia kgwebo ya poraefete.
Seeta

right|thumb|200px|Diêta
Seêta ke mofuta o mong ya diêta, sekoahelo e sireletšang maoto kôtsing ka majoe kapa likhalase bo gale, a batang, lerole le khahlanong tšoaetso ya letlalo.

Diêta na tšeo bo golo loma serethe sa me a koahela feela mošikong, empa go na le mefuta e mengata le mekgoa e boetse e ikama hantse le fêšêne.


File:Kinderschoenen.jpg|Kid's shoes
Seswantšho:Geta.JPG|Traditional Japanese wooden shoes
Seswantšho:Bristol.zoo.crocshoes.arp.jpg|Shoes made from crocodile leather
Seswantšho:Red High Heel Pumps.jpg|Red high heel pumps for the misses
Seswantšho:SuperUgg.JPG|Uggs
Spain

thumb|left|330px|Mapa ya Spain
**Spain** (Sespan: *España*) ke naga yeo e lego lefasaneng la Europa. E na le badudi ba 47 007 367 (2018).


Barcelona-04-Sagrada Familia-1983-gje.jpg|Barcelona
Eunate-12-Santa Maria-2001-gje.jpg|Eunate
Tarazona-04-Kreuzgang-1983-gje.jpg|Tarazona
Segovia-102-Abend-1983-gje.jpg|Segovia
Segovia-148-San Martín-Saeulengang-1983-gje.jpg|Segovia
Granada-154-Alhambra-Loewenhof-Saeulen-Hof-1983-gje.jpg|Granada
Granada-128-Alhambra-Ornament-Detail-1983-gje.jpg|Granada
Louro-20-San Francisco-Horreo-1996-gje.jpg|Louro
Argentina

thumb|Flaga
thumb|Argentina
thumb|left|380px|Polase ya wine mô Salta
**Argentina** ke naga borwa ba lefasana la Amerika Borwa. Ka 2021 e na le badudi ba 45,605,826.

Peretiteni: Javier Milei

Viseperetiteni: Victoria Villarruel
KwaZamukucinga

**KwaZamukucinga** ke township hleng ka Jansenville go feta Mmušôgaê wa Dr Beyers Naudé, Mmasepala Setereke tša Sarah Baartman wa porofense Kapa Bohlabela ka moka Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
Barsheba

**Barsheba** ke toropo nyane wa Sunday's River Valley Mmusogae, Mmasepala Setereke tša Sarah Baartman go feta porofense Kapa Bohlabela ka moka Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
Hillbrow

thumb|left|260px|Hillbrow Tower (right) with Ponte Apartment building and the skyline of Hillbrow.
**Hillbrow** ke legôrô la Johannesburg, ka moka porofense Gauteng, Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
Kyalami Agricultural Holdings

**Kyalami Agricultural Holdings** ke legôrô leboa wa Johannesburg (Region A), ka moka porofense Gauteng, Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
Bertrams

**Bertrams** ke legôrô go feta City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality wa Gauteng.

## Ditšhupetšo
Droste Park

**Droste Park** ke legôrô wa Johannesburg region F, ka moka porofense Gauteng, Afrika Borwa.

## Ditšhupetšo
Ngwaga wa go tlwaelega wa go thoma ka Laboraro

Ngwaga wa go tlwaelega wa go thoma ka Laboraro.

## Tšhupamabaka
Ngwaga wa go tlwaelega ke ngwaga wa goba matšatši a 365, esego ngwagamolele (ngwaga woo onalego matšatši a 366).

Tšhupamaka yeo e laetšago mengwaga ya go thoma ka Laboraro
Ngwagamolele wa go thoma ka Labohlano

Ngwagamolele wa go thoma ka Labohlano.

## Tšhupamabaka
Ngwagamolele (ngwaga woo onalego matšatši a 366) esego ngwaga wa go tlwaelega wa goba matšatši a 365.

Tšhupamaka yeo e laetšago mengwagalele ya go thoma ka Labohlano
Ngwaga wa go tlwaelega

**Ngwaga wa go tlwaelega** ke ngwaga wa go ba le matšatši. E fapane le Ngwagamolele yeo e e nalego matšatši a 366. Ngwaga wa go tlaelega o nale dibeke tše 52 le letšatši le tee, ka lebaka leo ngwaga wa go tlaelega o thoma ebile o felela ka letšatši la go swana la beke. Ka ngwaga wa go tlaelega, Dibokwane e ba le dibeke tše nne, ebile e thoma ka letšatši la go swana le Hlakola.

## Ditšhupamabaka
* Ngwaga wa go tlwaelega wa go thoma ka Sontaga
* Ngwaga wa go tlwaelega wa go thoma ka Mošupologo
* Ngwaga wa go tlwaelega wa go thoma ka Labobedi
* Ngwaga wa go tlwaelega wa go thoma ka Laboraro
* Ngwaga wa go tlwaelega wa go thoma ka Labone
* Ngwaga wa go tlwaelega wa go thoma ka Labohlano
* Ngwaga wa go tlwaelega wa go thoma ka Mokibelo
1980s

**1980s** ke ngwagasome tšhupamabakeng ya Gregorian wa go thoma ka 1 Pherekgong 1980 ya fela ka 31 Manthole 1989. Ngwagasome 1980s o wela ngwagengkgolo wa 20.
2020s

**2020s** ke ngwagasome tšhupamabakeng ya Gregorian ya go thoma ka 1 Pherekgong 2020 ya fela ka 31 Manthole 2029. Ngwagasome 2020s o wela ngwagengkgolo wa 21.
1110s

**1100s** ke ngwagasome tšhupamabakeng ya Gregorian wa go thoma ka 1 Pherekgong 1100 ya fela ka 31 Manthole 1109. Ngwagasome 1100s o wela ngwagengkgolo wa 12.
0s

**0s** ke ngwagasome tšhupamabakeng ya Gregorian wa go thoma ka 1 Pherekgong 1 ya fela ka 31 Manthole 9. Ngwagasome 0s o wela ngwagengkgolo wa 1.
Lenano la Mengwagakete

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Ngwagakete 4 | Ngwagakete 5 | Ngwagakete 6 | Ngwagakete 7 | Ngwagakete 8 | Ngwagakete 9 | Ngwagakete 10
Ngwagakgolo 23

**Ngwagakgolo wa masomepedi tharo (23rd)** o tla thoma ka 01 Pherekgong 2201 gomme o tla felela ka 31 Manthole 2300.
Ngwagakgolo 24

**Ngwagakgolo wa masomepedi nne (24th)** o tla thoma ka 01 Pherekgong 2301 gomme o tla felela ka 31 Manthole 2400.
Ngwagakgolo 25

**Ngwagakgolo wa masomepedi hlano (25th)** o tla thoma ka 01 Pherekgong 2401 gomme o tla felela ka 31 Manthole 2500.