open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ubulwelwe obungena besibungwana esincani obenza umuntu aphophale

**Ubulwelwe obungena besibungwana esincani obenza umuntu aphophale**, obaziwa ngokuthi** bulwelwe obuphophalisako bemlanjeni** begodu**yaziwa ngokuthi yi-Robles disease**, bulwelwe obubangwa kutheleleka okulethwa  yitsikizi esasibungwana *[[i-Onchocerca volvulus]]*. Amatshwayo wobulwelwe lobu afaka hlangana nokulunywa okudluleleko esikhunjeni, kanyenokuphophala. Lobu ubulwelwe busebujameni besibili emalwelweni abanga ukuphophala, ngemvakwetrachoma.

Itsikizi esasibungwana le ingena esikhumbeni ithelelekengokulunywa yipukani ekulu enzimaefana*[[ne-Simulium]]* umhlobo wempukani. Esikhathini esinengi umuntu kufanele alunywe kanengi ngaphambi kobana angatheleleka ngobulwelwe lobu. Iimpukani lezi ezikulu ezinzima zihlala hlanu komlambo, ngikho negama lobulwelwe lobu kuthiwa ybulwelwe obuphophalisako bemlanjeni. Nazingena ngaphakathi emuntwini, imbungwanyana lezi zenzaindlela yazo eyenza isibungu esisandukuqhoqhoselwaezizokungena ngazo esikhunjeni phakathi. Bese nasele zingene zanzinza nazo ziyakwazi bona zithelele ipukani ezokuluma esikhunjeni somuntu loyo. Kuneendlela ezimbalwa ezingasetjenziswa ukuthola umrabho wobulwelwe: ukubekaumtjhini i-biopsy phezu kwesikhumba ekhemikhalini esamanzana isaline bese ucala  isibungu esisandukuqhoqhoselwa nasiphumako, bese ucala ilihlo lesibungwana lesi, bese godu utjheja ingongoma engaphakathi kwesikhumba uqale iimbungu ezikulu.

Umjovo olwisana nobulwelwe lobu awutholakali awukho. Umuntu angazivikela ngokukhandela ukulunywa ziimpukani lezi ezikulu. Lokhu kungafaka hlangana ukusebenzisa isihlahla sokuvikela ukulunywa ziinunwana kanye nokwembatha kuhle. Eminye imizamo kungaba kukuthi uthele isipreyi esisihlahla sokubulala iinunwanwa eziphaphako. Imizamo yokuphungula ubulwelwe lobu ngokulatjhwa kweenqhema zabantu kuyenzeka kabili ngomnyaka eendaweni ezinengi ephasini zombelele. Ukulatjhwa kwalabo abathelelekileko kusetjenziswa iinhlahlai-ivermecticinqobe iinyanga ezisithandathu ukuya kezilitjhumu nambili. Isihlahla sokulapha lesi sibulala isibungu esisandukuqhoqhoselwa ingasi isibungu esikhulu. Isihlahla idoxycycline, yona ibulalaumulwana i-endosymbiontebizwa*[[nge-Wolbachia]]*, isebenza ukubulala amandla wesibungu lesi, nayo iyakhuthazwa bona isetjenziswe. Ukususwa kwamalunda ngaphakathi kwesikumba nakho kungenziwa ngokobana umuntu ahlinzwe.

Isibalo esibalelwa ku17 ukuya kuma-25 weengidigidi, ababanjwe nofana abatheleleko bulwelwe bokuphophala bemlanjeni, ababalelwa eengidigidini ezi-0.8 inengi labo alisaboni ngamehlo seliphophele. Ukutheleleka okunengi kobulwelwe lobukwenzeka khulu esiyingini-seSahara ye-Africa, nanyana imibiko yezehlakalo ezinye iveleenarheni i-Yemen nakenzinye iindawo ezizijamelekoye-Amerikha kanyene-Sewula ye-Amerikha. Ngo-1915, udorhodereuRodolfo Robles waqathanisa kokuthoma ubulwelwe lobu nesifo samehlo. Kuveziwe erhelwenile-World Health Organization njengesifoesizijamele sodwa emangweni yethrophigi.
## isikhombiso esikulayela bona ilwazi elithileko ungalitholaphi encwadini
Isichenene seengazi esibulwelwe bokuthunda iingazi

**isichenene seengazi esibulwelwe bokuthunda iingazi** eyaziwa godu bona yi-snail fevere **umgomani womneke** yibeenyokana eziyingozi obubangwaesidla nanyana yini esihlangana nakhoisubungu esipatalelekoesibizwa nangokuthiyi-schistosome. Imisipha yesinyanofanaemathunjinizingatheleleka. Amatshwayo wokobana uphethwe bulwelwe lobuuzwa ubuhlungu esinyeni,uyarhuda okungapheliko,ujanyelwe ziingazi, nofanaigazi livela emthundweni. Labo abatheleleke ngobulwelwe lobuisikhathi esidebangaba nemiraro yokulimala kwesibindi, ukungasebenzi kweso, ukungabelethi, nofanaikankere yesinye. Ebantwaneniukungakhuli kuhlekanyeubudisi nakuza kezefundo.

Ubulwelwe lobu buthelelekangokuthinta nofana ukusela amanzi atsengekilekoasele anazo iinyokanyokana lezi. Inyokanyoka ezidla emzibeni wenye intoziphuma eminekeni ehlala ngaphakathi kwamanzi atsengekileko Ubulwelwe lobu budlange khulu eenarheni ezisathuthukako ngombana abantwana bakhona ngibo abavame ukudla emanzini adungekileko. Abanye abantu abasengozini yokutheleleka baphathi bamaplasi, abathiyi beemfesi, kanye nabantu abasebenzisa amanzi angakahlwekeki ukuphila ngamalanga. Ubulwelwe lobu buhlangana nesiqhema samalwelwe ihelminth ethelelanako. Ukuthola umrabho wobulwelwe lobu kungenziwa ngokutjheja amaqanda wesilwane esiphila ngokudla ezinye iinlwana emthundweni nofana emakakeni womuntu. Begodu ingaqinisekiswa ngokutholaama-antibodiesmanqophana nobulwelwe lobu egazini lomuntu. 

Iindlela zokukhandela ubulwelwe lobu kufaka hlangana ukuthuthukisa ukutholakala kwamanzi ahlwengileko begodu nokunciphisa imineke etholakala emanzini. EEndaweni lapho ubulwelwe lobu budlange khona, imitjhoga nofana iinhlahla ezibizwa nge-praziquantelzinganikelwa kanye komnyaka esiqhemeni salabo abagulako kileyo ndawo. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukwehlisa isibalo sabantu abatheleleke ngobulwelwe begodu nokwehlisa izinga lokusabalaliswa kobulwelwe lobu. I-Praziquantel ngenye yeenhlanhla ezinyulweyi-World Health Organization-iHlangano yeePhasi yezamaPilo (WHO) kilabo esele kwaziwa bona bangenwe bulwelwe lobu. 

Isichenene seengazi esibulwelwe bokuthunda iingazi siphathe abantu ababalelwa eengidigidini ezima-210 wabantu iphasi zombelele ngomnayaka ka-2012. Isibalo sabantu esibalelwa ku-12 000 ukufika ku 200,000 babulawa ngiso emnyakeni munye. Ubulwelwe lobu butholakala khulu e-Afrika, kanye ne-Asia ne Sewula ye-Amerikha. Pheze abantu abaziingidi ezima-700, eenarheni ezima-70, bahlala lapha ubulwelwe lobu budlange khona. Eenarheni zethrophiki, isichenene seengazi esibulwelwe bokuthunda iingazi sibulwelwe obuza ngemva kwemalariya obuhlangana nezinye izifo ezibangwa ziinlwanyana eziphila ngokudla ezinye iinlwana ezibanga ukuwa konotho. Isichenene seengazi esibulwelwe bokuthunda iingazisifakwe erherhweni lamalwelwe wethropiki angakanakwa.
## isikhombiso esikulayela bona ilwazi elithileko ungalitholaphi encwadini.
Zambia

**I-Zambia**, ngokusemthethwen**i iRiphabhliki ye-Zambia,** lilizwe elinganamanzi elihlangana ne-Central, Southern kanye ne-East Africa. Ngokuvamileko kutjho ukuba se-Afrika eSewula-Phakathi nofana e-Afrika eseSewula. Inomngcele ngetlhagwini yi-Democratic Republic of the Congo, i-Tanzania ngetlhagwini-mpumalanga, i-Malawi ngepumalanga, i-Mozambique ngesewulapumalanga, i-Zimbabwe ne-Botswana ngesewula, i-Namibia ngesewula-tjingalanga, kanye ne-Angola ngetjingalanga. Idorobha elikhulu le-Zambia yi-Lusaka, elise-Zambia esewula-maphakathi. Inani labantu lihlala khulu e-Lusaka ngesewula kanye ne-Copperbelt Province ngetlhagwini, amaziko wezomnotho welizwe.

## Iinkomba
Senegal

**I-Senegal**, ngokusemthethweni **iRiphabhliki ye-Senegal**, yinarha engeTjingalanga khulu eTjingalanga ye-Afrika, etholakala eligwini le-Atlantic Ocean. I-Senegal inomngcele nge-Mauritania ngetlhagwini, i-Mali ngepumalanga, i-Guinea ngesewulapumalanga kanye ne-Guinea-Bissau ngesewula-ntshonalanga. I-Senegal ipheze ibhode i-Gambia, inarha ehlala indawo encani eceleni komlambo i-Gambia, ehlukanisa isifunda se-Senegal esewula se-Casamance nenarha yoke.I-Senegal nayo inomngcele welwandle ne-Cape Verde. Ikomkhulu lezomnotho nezepolotiki le-Senegal yi-Dakar.
## Iinkomba
Indlebe

Indlebe yisitho somzimba esivumela ukuthi umuntu azwe. Njoba ngaphandle yendlebe iyiyo ebonakalayo esegcekeni ezidalweni, ibala elithi indlebe liyandise ukutsho ingaphandle kuphela
Angola

**I-Angola**,  ngokusemthethweni **iRiphabhliki ye-Angola**, lilizwe elise-west-central coast ye-Southern Africa. Lilizwe lesibili ngobukhulu elikhuluma isiPutukezi ngobukhulu nabantu begodu lilizwe lesikhombisa ngobukhulu e-Afrika. Inomngcele nge-Namibia ngeSewula, i-Democratic Republic of the Congo ngetlhagwini, i-Zambia ngepumalanga, kanye ne-Atlantic Ocean ngeTjingalanga. I-Angola inephrovinsi ye-exclave, iphrovinsi ye-Cabinda, enomngcele we-Republic of the Congo kanye ne-Democratic Republic of the Congo. Inhlokodolobha nedorobha elinabantu abanengi khulu yi-Luanda.

Ngemva kobana ukwanda kwamaBantu kufikelele esifundeni, imibuso yabunjwa ngekhulu le-13 begodu yahlelwa yaba ziinhlangano ezihlangeneko. UmBuso we-Kongo wakhuphuka ukufikelela ubukhosi hlangana neminye imibuso kusukela ngekhulu le-14. Abahloli bamaPutukezi basungula ubudlelwano ne-Kongo ngo-1483. Ngesewula bekunemibuso ye-Ndongo ne-Matamba, nemibuso ye-Ovimbundu ngaseningizimu, kanye ne-Mbunda Kingdom ngepumalanga

## I-Etymology
Ibizo elithi Angola livela ebizweni lamaPutukezi elithi Reino de Angola ('Umbuso we-Angola'), elavela ekuthomeni komtlolo ka-Paulo Dias de Novais wango-1571. Ibizo lendawo lathathwa maPutukezi ngesihloko esithi ngola, ebegade siphethwe ziinkosi zeNdongo nezeMatamba. I-Ndongo eendaweni eziphakemeko, hlangana nemilambo i-Kwanza ne-Lucala, beyiyindawo yoMbuso we-Kongo. Kodwana ngekhulu le-16 bekufuna ukuzijamela okukhulu.

## Iinkomba
Ilimi lesiNgisi

**Ilimi lesiNgisi** le-West Germanic emndenini welimi le-Indo-European, lapho abakhulumi balo, ababizwa ngokuthi ma-Anglophones, bavela e-England yesikhathi esiphakathi esiqhingini se-Great Britain. Igama elifana nelimi ngama-Angles, omunye wabantu bakade be-Germanic abafudukela e-Britain. Lilimi elikhulunywa khulu ephasini, khulukhulu ngebanga lomthelela wephasi loke we-Britain Empire (eyalandelwa yi-Commonwealth of Nations) kanye ne-United States. IsiNgisi lilimi lesithathu elikhulunywa khulu, ngemva kwe-Standard Chinese ne-Spanish; godu lilimi lesibili elifundwa khulu ephasini, elinabantu abanengi abakhuluma ilimi lesibili ukudlula abakhulumi bomdabu.
Iphasi (iplanethi)

**Iphasi** (uphawu: ) liplanethi yesithathu ukusuka eLangeni begodu yiyo kwaphela into yeenkwekwezi eyaziwako bona inepilo. Lokhu kwenziwa kukuthi iPhasi liyiphasi elilwandle, elilodwa ehlelweni lelanga eliphethe amanzi angaphezulu kwamanzi. Pheze woke amanzi wephasi aselwandle lwawo, amboza ama-70.8% we-Earth's crust. I-29.2% eseleko ye-Earth crust yindawo, inengi layo itholakala ngendlela yamazwekazi ngaphakathi kwe-hemisphere yephasi. Inengi lephasi lephasi linomswakama begodu limbozwe ziintjalo, ngesikhathi amashidi amakhulu weqhwa eenkangala ze-polar zephasi agcina amanzi amanengi ukudlula amanzi wephasi, amachibi, imilambo namanzi womkhathi ahlanganisiwe. I-crust yephasi inamapuleti we-tectonic akhamba kabuthaka, ahlangana ukukhiqiza iintaba, iintaba-mlilo, nokusikinyeka kwephasi. Iphasi linomgogodla wangaphandle owuketshezi okhiqiza i-magnetosphere ekwazi ukuphambukisa imimoya eminengi yelanga ebhubhisako nemisebe ye-cosmic.
I-Finland

**I-Finland**, ngokusemthethweni iRiphabhliki ye-Finland, lilizwe le-Nordic elise-Northern Europe. Inomngcele we-Sweden ngetlhagwini-Tjingalanga, i-Norway ngetlhagwini, kanye ne-Russia ngepumalanga, nge-Gulf of Bothnia ngeTjingalanga kanye ne-Gulf of Finland ngesewula, maqondana ne-Estonia. I-Finland inendawo engu-338,145 square kilometers (130,559 sq mi), kufaka hlangana indawo engama-303,815 square kilometers (117,304 sq mi), begodu inabantu abaziingidi ezi-5.6. I-Helsinki lidorobha elikhulu khulu. Inengi labantu ngama-Finland. Iilwimi ezisemthethweni yi-Finnish nesi-Swedish; Amaphesente ama-84.9 wabantu akhuluma ilimi lokuthoma njengelimi labo lebele kuthi amaphesente ama-5.1 akhuluma ilimi lokugcina. Ubujamo bezulu be-Finland buyahluka ukusuka ebujameni obumanzi ngesewula ukuya ebujameni obumanzi enyakatho. Indawo evulekileko yi-boreal forest biome, enamachibi angaphezu kwe-180,000 atlolwe phasi.
I-Mexico

**I-Mexico**, ngokusemthethweni yi-**United Mexican States**, lilizwe elisesewula ye-North America. Ihlanganisa i-1,972,550 km2 (761,610 sq mi), lilizwe le-13 ngobukhulu ephasini ngendawo; enenani labantu elingaba ziingidi ezili-130, lilizwe le-10 elinabantu abanengi begodu linabantu abanengi abakhuluma isiSpanishi ephasini. I-Mexico yiriphabliki yomthethosisekelo ehlanganisa amazwe ama-31 kanye ne-Mexico City, ikosikazi yayo nedorobha elikhulu, eliphakathi kweendawo ezinabantu abanengi khulu ephasini. Inarha inomngcele we-United States ngetlhagwini; kanye ne-Guatemala ne-Belize ngesewulapumalanga. Inemingcele yelwandle ne-Pacific Ocean ngeTjingalanga, i-Caribbean Sea ngesewulapumalanga, kanye ne-Gulf of Mexico ngepumalanga.
I-Italy

**I-Italy**, ngokusemthethweni nge-Italy Republic, lilizwe eliseSewula neTjingalanga ye-Europe. Inesihlengele esidlulela eLwandle le-Mediterranean, ene-Alps emngceleni wayo wangasenyakatho, kanye neenhlengele ezipheze zibe ma-800, khulukhulu i-Sicily i-Sardinia. I-Italy yabelana ngemingcele yayo i-France, i-Switzerland, i-Austria, i-Slovenia, kanye nama-enclaves amabili: i-Vatican City i-San Marino. Lilizwe letshumi ngobukhulu e-Europe ngendawo, lihlanganisa i-301,340 km2 (116,350 sq mi), begodu lililunga lesithathu elinabantu abanengi be-European Union, elinabantu abangaba ziingidi ezima-60. Inhlokodolobha ye-Italy nedorobha elikhulu khulu yi-Rome; ezinye iindawo ezikulu zedorobha zifaka hlangana i-Milan, i-Naples, i-Turin, i-Palermo, i-Bologna, i-Florence, i-Genoa, i-Venice.
Vosloorus

**I-Vosloorus** yilokishi elikhulu eliseningizimu ye-Boksburg kanye nepumalanga ye-Katlehong e-Ekurhuleni, amakhilomitha ama-30 kwaphela eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Johannesburg, e-Gauteng, eSewula Afrika. Yasungulwa ngo-1963 lokha ama-Afrika amnyama nakasuswa e-Stirtonville[1] ngombana gade athathwa ngurhulumende aseduze khulu nedorobha labamhlophe. I-Stirtonville, ebizwa ngokuthi yi-Reiger Park, sele ibe likhaya lomphakathi wemibala we-Boksburg. Igunya lendawo lasungulwa ngo-1983 lokha i-Vosloorus nayinikelwa isikhundla esipheleleko sikamasipala.
IBoksburg

**I-Boksburg** yidorobha elise-East Rand yesifundazwe se-Gauteng eSewula Afrika. Igolide latholakala e-Boksburg ngo-1887. I-Boksburg yaqanjwa ngegama likaNobhala weNarha we-South African Republic, u-W. Eduard Bok. Umgwaqo omkhulu we-Main Reef wahlanganisa i-Boksburg nawo woke amanye amadorobha amakhulu wemayini e-Witwatersrand begodu i-Angelo Hotel (1887) yayisetjenziswa njengendawo yokuhlela.

## Umlando
Ngaphambi kuka-1860, indawo kamasipala yamanje ye-Boksburg kanye neendawo eziseduze kwayo gade ibunjwa khulu mapulazi we-highveld abizwa nge-Leeuwpoort, Klippoortje, Klipfontein kanye ne-Driefontein. U-Carl Ziervogel wathenga iplasi i-Leeuwpoort ngo-1875 begodu nge-300 morgen yendawo engenalutho, enamatje wabhadela i-£75. Ngenyanga kaKhukhulamungu 1886 u-Pieter Killian, umhloli omncani we-Afrikaans, wathola amadwala we-quartz e-Leeuwpoort.

## Inkomba
Godfrey Sapula

**U-Godfrey Zolile Sapula** (wabelethwa mhlana ali-17 kuNobayeni 1973) bekangumdlali webholo weSewula Afrika owadlala njengomdlali ophakathi. Wadlalela amakilabhu we-Premier Soccer League i-Jomo Cosmos, i-Orlando Pirates, i-Mamelodi Sundowns kanye ne-Platinum Stars, iklabhu ye-Chile Colo-Colo, iklabhu ye-Turkey i-Ankaragücü kanye nesiqhema sesitjhaba seSewula Afrika.

## inkomba
Aaron Rimbui

**U-Aaron Rimbui** ungumdlali wepiyano, ikhibhodi, umdosiphambili webhendi, umkhiqizi kanye nomgcini weminyanya nomsingathi womrhatjho. Uthathwa njengomunye wabadlali bepiyano abahle khulu be-East Africa.

## Umlando
U-Aaron wabelethwa e-Nairobi, e-Kenya. Uyise bekadlala umvumo ukusuka kumarekhodi ka-Stevie Wonder ukuya ku-Henry Mancini bese amthatha amse eendaweni zokudlela zendawo lapho bekazwa khona umvumo wamaqembu afana ne-Les Wanyika, i-Maroon Commandos kanye ne-Samba Mapangala. Lokhu kwaba nomthelela omkhulu endleleni athuthukisa ngayo umdumo wakhe eminyakeni eyalandelako. Ukuziveza kwaka-Rimbui emculweni kwaragela phambili nokwakheka eminyakeni yakhe yesikolo samabanga aphezulu. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho athatha khona ipiyano. U-Rimbui wathoma ukuthanda umvumo we-jazz njengombana alalele umvumo ka-David Sanborn, u-Joe Sample, we-Yellowjackets no-Fourplay begodu ngokukhamba kwesikhathi, u-Herbie Hancock no-George Duke. U-Rimbui bekasebenza njengehloko ye-Tusker Project Fame band. masal oku

## Iinkomba
Brakpan

**I-Brakpan** yidorobha yemayini e-East Rand ye-Gauteng, eSewula Afrika, pheze amakhilomitha ama-38 (23.6 mi) ngepumalanga ye-Johannesburg.

Ibizo elithi Brakpan livela epanini elincani eplasini elibizwa ngokuthi yi-Weltevreden, ebegade lizele amanzi anetshwayi begodu mhlamunye belibizwa ngokuthi "yi-brakpan," begodu bekuseduze nepani lapho ukuhlala kokuthoma kwathoma khona.: 286  Ngo- Ngo-1888, kwatholakala umgodi wamalahle begodu kwathonywa umgodi wamalahle ngaphasi kwebizo elithi Brakpan Collieries. Lokha nakwakhiwa umzila wesitimela ukusuka e-Germiston ukuya e-Springs, i-Brakpan yaba ngenye yeentetjhini ezisendleleni.
Botswana

**I-Botswana** ngokusemthethweni iRiphabhliki ye-Botswana, lilizwe elinganamanzi eSewula ye-Afrika. I-Botswana iyisicaba, pheze amaphesente ama-70 wendawo yayo yingcenye ye-Kalahari Desert. Inomngcele ngeSewula Afrika ngesewula nesewulapumalanga, i-Namibia ngetjingalanga netlhagwini, i-Zambia ngetlhagwini kanye ne-Zimbabwe ngetlhagwini-pumalanga. Njengombana inabantu abangaphezudlwana kweengidi ezi-2.4 kanye nendawo efana ne-France, i-Botswana ngelinye lamazwe anabantu abancani khulu ephasini. Ngokuyinhloko mbuso wesitjhaba wabantu be-Tswana, abakha pheze amaphesente ama-80 wabantu.
## Iinkomba
Cameroon

**I-Cameroon**, ngokusemthethweni iRiphabhliki ye-Cameroon, lilizwe elise-Central Africa. Yabelana ngemingcele ne-Nigeria ngeTjingalanga neTlhagwini, i-Chad ngeTlhagwini-mpumalanga, i-Central African Republic ngepumalanga, kanye ne-Equatorial Guinea, i-Gabon, kanye ne-Republic of the Congo ngeSewula. Igumbi layo lise-Bight of Biafra, ingcenye ye-Gulf of Guinea, kanye ne-Atlantic Ocean. Ngebanga lobujamo bayo obuqakathekileko ekuhlanganeni kweendlela hlangana ne-Afrika yeTjingalanga ne-Afrika ePhakathi, ihlukaniswe njengekumakamu womabili. Inani labantu be-Cameroon elipheze libe ziingidi ezingama-31 likhuluma amalimi womdabu ama-250, ngaphezu kwelimi lesizwe lesiNgisi nesiFulentshi, nofana zombili. Izakhamuzi zokuthoma zendawo leyo bezifaka hlangana ipucuko yama-Sao eduze neLake Chad kanye nabazingeli-abaqoqi be-Baka ehlathini lemvula langesewulapumalanga. Abahloli bamaPutukezi bafika egwini ngekhulu le-15 begodu baqamba indawo leyo ngokuthi yi-Rio dos Camarões (umlambo we-Shrimp), eyaba yi-Cameroon ngesiNgisi. Amasotja we-Fulani asungula i-Adamawa Emirate enyakatho ngekhulu le-19, begodu amaqembu weentjhaba ahlukahlukeneko weTjingalanga neTlhagwini-Tjingalanga asungula amakhosi anamandla nama-fondoms.

## Iinkomba
Eswatini

**Eswatini**  ngokusemthethweni uMbuso we-Eswatini begodu eyaziwa ngebizo layo langaphambilini elisemthethweni i-Swaziland (/ˈswɑːzilænd/ ☓-Swaziland) begodu yangaphambilini UmBuso we I-Swaziland, lilizwe elinganamanzi eSewula ye-Afrika. Inomngcele we-Mozambique ngepumalanga yetlhagwini neSewula Afrika ngetlhagwini, ngeTjingalanga, ngesewula, neSewulapumalanga. I-Eswatini ingenye yeenarha ezincani khulu e-Afrika; nanyana kunjalo, ubujamo bezulu nendawo yayo ihlukile, ukusuka endaweni epholileko neneentaba ukuya eendaweni eziphasi ezitjhisako nezomileko.

## Iinkomba
Sobhuza II

**U-Sobhuza II**  eyaziwa nangokuthi ngu-Nkhotfotjeni, Mona; ukubusa okude khulu okuqinisekisiweko kwananyana ngiyiphi inkosi emlandwini otloliweko.

USobhuza wabelethwa mhlana ali-22 kuNtaka 1899 e-Zombodze Royal Residence, indodana ka-Inkhosikati Lomawa Ndwandwe neKosi uNgwane V. Lokha nakaneenyanga ezine kwaphela, uyise wahlongakala kungakalindelwa nakagida i-incwala. USobhuza wakhethwa bona abe yikosi msinyana ngemva kwalokho begodu ugogo wakhe u-Labotsibeni nomalume wakhe u-Prince Malunge bakhokhela isitjhaba samaSwazi bekwaba kulapho akhula khona ngo-1921.U-Sobhuza wamukelwa njengeKosi yi-British ngo-1967, begodu i-Swaziland yazuza ikululeko ngo-1968. USobhuza waragela phambili nokubusa bekwaba sekufeni kwakhe ngo-1982. Walandelwa ngu-Mswati III, indodanakhe encani ne-Inkhosikati Ntfombi Tfwala, owabekwa umqhele ngo-1986.

## Iinkomba
Nana Sita

**Nana Sita** (eyaziwa nangokuthi ngu-Nanabhai) wabelethwa ngo-1898 e-Matwadi, idorobha le-Gujarat, e-India, begodu wakhulela emndenini obandakanyeka emkhankasweni wokujamelana nama-India. Waya eSewula Afrika ngo-1913 ukuyokufunda ukugcina amabhuku, begodu wahlala isikhathi esithileko no-J. P. Vyas e-Pitoli. Msinyana ngemva kokufika kwakhe, u-Mahatma Gandhi wafika e-Pitoria ukuyokukhulumisana no-General Jan Smuts, begodu wahlala endlini yinye no-Sita iinyanga ezimbili. Ukukhulumisana no-Gandhi kwaba nomthelela omkhulu epilweni yakhe begodu bekangumsekeli omkhulu wokujamelana nokungasebenzi. Wahlala ejele kanengi ngokwala ukutjhiya ikhaya lakhe, ngemva kobana indawo lapho gade ahlala khona nomndenakhe iminyaka ema-44 yamenyezelwa njengezakhamuzi zabantu abamhlophe.

## Iinkomba
*uMongameli weSewula India
Ijemu

**Ijemu** yinto yokuzesa uburotho ukwenzela bonyana bube mnandi begodu ukhone ukubudla. IJemu yenziwa khulu ngama aprikosi. ijemu yaziwa njengokudla kwamaNdebele ngombana lokha amaNdebele nakenze iqude ekumnyanya wokukhulisa itlawana, abomma  nabantazana baphakiswa ijemu njengesipho sokuthi bazile emnyannyeni lo. Ijemu isudu ngokunambitheka
Myles Munroe

**U-Myles Munroe**, (20 kuMrhayili 1954 – 9 kuNobayeni 2014) bekangumvangeli we-Bahamian begodu umfundisi, uprofesa, umtloli, isikhulumi nomcebisi woburholi. Wasungula begodu warhola i-Bahamas Faith Ministries International (BFMI), kanye ne-Myles Munroe International (MMI). Bekabuye abe mphathi omkhulu nomgcinisihlalo webhodi ye-International Third World Leaders Association, kanye nomongameli we-International Leadership Training Institute. U-Dr Munroe naye bekangumtloli omkhulu.

## Isithasiselo
Ludvonga

U-Ludvonga II (c. 1855 – 1872) bekanguMbusi we-Swaziland, indodana ka-Mswati II we-Eswatini.Ikoro kanina bekunguKhumalo. Ngebanga lokulwa kwamandla ngaphakathi emndenini wekosi, wabulawa ubuthi begodu wahlongakala ngo-1872 ngaphambi kobana athathe isihlalo sobukhosi.Wathathelwa indawo ngumfowabo uMbandzeni, owamukelwa ngunina kaLudvonga.
## Iinkomba
Mbandzeni

**U-Mbandzeni** (owaziwa nangokuthi ngu-Dlamini IV, Umbandine,] Umbandeen[3]) (c. 1855–1889) bekayiKosi ye-Swaziland (manje eyi-Eswatini) kusukela ngo-1872 bekube ngu-1889. Ingwenyama Mbandzeni bekayindodana ka-Mswati II no-Nandzi Nkambule . Unina umfazi weKosi uMswati bekahlongakele asesemncani khulu.

U-Mbandzeni wakhwela esihlalweni sobukhosi ngemva kobana umfowabo u-Ludvonga II ahlongakale ngaphambi kobana abe yikosi. Ukuhlongakala kwaka-Ludvonga kwabangela bona unina u-Inkhosikati Lamgangeni amukele u-Mbandzeni obekangananina njengendodanakhe, lokho kwamenza waba yikosi begodu yena waba yikosikazi ye-Swaziland. Inhlokodolobha yakhe yobukhosi gade iseMbekelweni. Ngesikhathi sobukhosi bakhe u-Mbandzeni wanikela ngeemvume ezinengi zemayini, ukulima, ukurhweba kanye nokuphatha ebantwini abamhlophe abavela e-Britain ne-Transvaal. AmaBhunu bekakhohlise ikosi bona isayine iimvumelwano zomhlaba unomphela. Ikosi beyingakghoni ukufunda nokutlola, njeke amaBhunu amenza bona atlikitle iimvumo ngesiphambano. Ikosi yatjelwa bona bekungasiwo umhlaba onomphela kodwana amaphepha ngokwawo atjho ngenye indlela. Ukuvunyelwa okunikelwe ngokusizwa ngu-Offy Sherpstone ekugcineni kwaholela emihlanganweni ka-1884 no-1894, eyehlisa imingcele ye-Swaziland begodu ngokukhamba kwesikhathi yenza i-Swaziland yaba yindawo evikelweko ye-South African Republic.

## Iinkomba
Igezi

## Igezi.

### Isingeniso
Ngokuya kwe-Learn Sparkfun (2024) igezi mamandla nanyana umlilo loyo okghonwa ukusetjenziswa yithekhnoloji efana nabafunjwathwako, imitjhiningqondo, amalerhe, iimphehlimoya kanye nezinye izinto. Esihlokweni esilandelako sizokutjheja bonyana kuyini igezi

### Kuyini igezi?

I-Learn Sparkfun (2024), ithi kubudisana ukuhlathulula bonyana igezi iyini; kodwana, igezi yinto yemvelo begodu imamandla nomlilo lawo asetjenziswa ngemihlobo eyahlukeneko yezinto, khulukhulu zethekhnoloji. I-Wikipedia (2024) ingezelele yathi igezi kukugeleza nanyana ukuphuma kwamatjhaji wegezi lawo afike asetjenziwe njengamandla wokwenza bonyana izinto ezinengi zethekhnoloji zisebenze. Ukuphuma nanyana ukugeleza kwamatjhaji wegezi la, kuhlukaniswe kabili. Kukhona amatjhaji wegezi angezelelako (+) namatjhaji wegezi aphungululako (-) US Energy Information Adminstartion 2024].

Igezi le esetjenziswa endlini nanyana babantu emtjhinini yabo, kumamadla nanyana kumlilo wesibili (US Energy Information Adminstartion 2024). Lokhu kusibikela bonyana kukhona umhlobo wokuthoma wamandla nanyana womlilo wegezi loyo onamandla khulu engekhe sakghona ukuwusebenzisa eendlini nanyana emitjhinini yethu eminengi. Iphuzu leli lisekelwe yi-US Energy Information Administration (2024) nayithi, igezi esetjenziswa endlini imamandla nanyana umlilo wesibili ngombana ikhiqhizwe ngokutjhugulula imithombo yokuthoma yamandla nanyana yomlilo efaka hlangana amalahle, umsebe yelanga nanyana amandla welangana nomoya ukuze ibe yigezi le esikghona ukuyisebenzisa. Baragele phambili, be-US Energy Information Adminstartion (2024) bathi, umthombo wokuthoma wegezi kumlilo nanyana amandla asetjenziswa ngokubuyelelwa nasetjenziswa ngokungabuyelelwa. Esohlokwaneni esilandelako sizokutjheja imisebenzi yegezi.

### Imisebenzi yegezi
Igezi idlala indima ekulu tle eempilweni zethu njengoba sazi ukuthi siphila esikhathi sethekhnoloji nesoburhatjharhatjha besine. Igezi isebenzi ukunikela amandla nomlilo eenthuthini, izinto zokupheka, izinto zokufunda njengemitjhiningqondo nethungelwano, ukukhulisa iintjalo nefuyo (Wikipedia 2024). Ngakho-ke, igezi isekabeni yipilo yethu begodu abanye abantu bangabhalelwa kuphila ngaphande kwayo njengombana vane kube budisi khulu nakunokuqintelwa kwegezi nanyana ukutlhayela kwegezi.

### Isiphetho
Igezi ngenye yezinto eziqakathekileko kodwana ebudisi tle ukuyihlathulula nanyana sisebenza ngayo mihla namalanga. Igezi sele idosa phambili ekusirholeni epilweni esiyiphilako ngombana ngaphandle kwayo sele sinobudisi bokungakghoni ezinye zezinto. Nanyana kunjalo, kuqakathekile bonyana siyisebenzise kuhle begodi sizifundise nezinye iindlela zokwenza izinto ngaphandle kwayo.

### Umthombolwazi
Izulu.

## '''Izulu.'''

### '''Isingeniso'''
Izulu ngezinye zezinto eziqakatheke kwamambala epilweni yazo zoke iinlwani kanye nabantu. Izulu limthombo wamanzi kanye nokukhula okukhamba netuthuko yeenlwana zoke kanye nabantu. Amaphuzu la afakazelwe yi-Wikipedia (2024) lokha nayiveza bonyana amanzi amanengi aselwako ephasini la, abuya ezulwini. Enhlokwaneni ezilandelako sizokutjheja bonyana kuyini izulu begodu sitjheje nemihlobo yezulu edume khulu. 

### '''Khuyini izulu?'''

Izulu kumathosi lawo enzeke nanyana asuka ebujameni bomrhwamuko wamanzi wemoyeni bese awele phasi ngebanga lobudisi bawo nanyana bobudisi bomoya wephasi (Wikipedia 2024). I-Wikipedia (2024) ingezelela yathi unobangela wezulu omkhulu, kumrhwamuko okhamba ngamahlangothi nanyana ngeengaba entathu zobujamo bomtjhiso. Umrhwamuko okhamba ngamahlangothi nanyana ngeengaba entathu zobujamo bomtjhiso waziwa ngokuthi mvangobujamo bezulu (Joseph 2016). U-Joseph (2016) ungezele wathi, woke amathosi lawo asuka emafini bese awele phasi, afaka hlangana izulu, igabhogo nesinanja; abizwa bonyana kukuna. Esihlokwaneni esilandelako sizokutjheja imihlobo yezulu.

### '''Imihlobo yezulu'''
Kunemihlobo eminengi tle yezulu. Kodwana thina sizokutjheja imihlobo emithathu yezulu eyaziwa khulu njengombana kufakazelwa yi-Britannica (2024) nayithi izulu elilamulako, izulu lomtjhiso nelesiwuruwuru kumhlobo wezulu owaziwa khulu. Ngalokho-ke, esihlokwaneni esilandelako sizokuthoma ngokuhlathulula izulu elilamulako.

### '''Izulu elilamulako'''
Izulu elilamulako lizulu leli elina nanyana eliba khona ngemva kokuthi kube nomrhwamuko otjhisako loyo ovuthelelelako emanzini bese ukatelele ukukhuphuka lokho okufikelela iindawo eziphezulu nanyana isibhakabhaka (Britannica 2024). Ukusuka lapho, umrhwamuko loyo wenze amathosi abudisi emafini besele awela phasi ngobujamo bokuna (Britannica 2024). 

### '''Izulu lomtjhiso'''
Izulu lomtjhi kulizulu elina ngebanga lokutjhisa khulu kwephasi nanyana kwelanga (Britannica 2024; Department of Environmental Services 2019). Umtjhiso wenarha obuya ephasisi utjhisa amazinga aphasi womphezulu bese utjhiso loyo okhuphekele phezulu emafini lapho uphola khona khulu (Britannicca 2024). Ngemva kokuphola, wenza amathosi emafini lawo abanga ukuna kwezulu (Britannica 2024).

### '''Izulu lesiwuruwuru'''
Izulu lesiwuruwuru liba khona ngebanga lokuthi kube khona ukutjhayisana nanyana ukuhlangana kwemihlobo embili yomoya leyo enobujamo bezulu nobudisi obuhlukeneko (Britannica 2024). Ngesikhathi imimoya le engafaniko ihlangana, uthola omunye umoya uyaphezulu bese umunye uya phasi lokho kwenze bona kube nokuna okungakanzinzi (Britannica 2024). 

### '''Isiphetho'''
Izulu liqakatheke khulu epilweni yesinye nesinye isilwazi kanye neentjalo. Izulu lidlala indima ekulu etuthukweni nekukhuleni kweenlwana, iintjalo nabantu. Ekulumenipendulwano yethu engehla sitjheje ihlathululo yezulu kanye nemihlobo edume khulu yezulu. 

### '''Umthombolwazi'''
Umnyango nombadi.

## '''Umnyango nombadi.'''

### '''Isingeniso.'''
Kukhona ezinye izinto ezinamagama nanyana ezibizwa ngamagama ahlukeneko kodwana uthole umqondo nanyana ihlathululo ifana. Izinto lezo nanyana amagama lawo abizwa bonyana bomqondofana. Umnyango nombadi ngamanye wamagama abomqondofana ngombana atjho begodu anehlathululo efanako. Eenhlokwaneni ezilandelako sizokutjhaja bonyana kuyini umnyango nanyana umbadi begodi nomsebenzi wawo. Ngebanga lomnqopho wekulumopendulwano le, sizokutjheja umnyango ngokunqopha into esetjenziswa ukuvala ingasi umnyango njengegatja lombuso.

### '''Kuyini umnyango nanyana umbadi?'''

Ngokuya kwe- umnyango nanyana umbadi sisetjenziswa leso esizwinkako nanyana esivulekako ngomnqopho wokuvala nokuvula amangeno. Ihlathululo yethu le, yihlathululo ebeka umnyango ngobulula begodu ngobufitjhani ngendlela ekungakghonakala ngayo. 

Kodwana ngokuya kwe-Wikipedia (2024) umnyango nanyana umbadi sikhandeli esikhambako leso esivumela ukungena nokuvalwa begodu umnqopho waso wokuthoma kukunikela ivikeleko ngokulawulwa ukungena nokuphuma. Ihlathululo yethu le inqophe khulu emsebenzini owenziwa mnyango begodu nangedlela umngango ungakho. 

I-Britannica (2024) isibikela bonyana umnyango nanyana umbadi kusiqunto esikhambisekako sesigodo, irhalasi nanyana isimbi leyo ezwinkako nanyana evulekako begodu ivaleke ukuze abantu bangene nanyana baphume ngekumbeni, emakhiweni, esithuthini njl. Ihlathululo le, ilinge ukufaka imihlobo yoke yomnyango nanyana yombadi kanye nala ufunyaneka khona.

Nasitjheja iinhlathululo ezingehla lezi singatjho bonyana umbadi nanyana umnyango kusisetjenziswa esenziwe ngesigodo, irhalazi, irhwaratjhwara nanyana isimbi begodu sikghona ukuzwinka, ukukhamba ngomnqopho wokuthi kuvulwe nanyana kuvalwe lapho kungenwa khona nanyana kuphunywa khona njengendaweni efana nelawu, umakhiwo neenthuthi. Esihlokwaneni esilandelako sitjheja imisebenzi yomnyango nanyana yombadi.

### '''Imisebenzi yomnyango nanyana yombadi'''
Ngokuya kwe-Lawinsider (2024) umnyango nanyana umbadi usebenza ukuvalela nanyana ukuvula endlini, esithuthini nakezinye iindawo. I-Britannica (2024) iingezelela yathi umnyango nanyana umbadi ungasetjenziswa ukuvula nanyana ukuvala indlela leyo esetjenziswa babantu.

### '''Isiphetho'''
Umnyango nombadi kuyinto yinye nanyana magama atjho into yinye leyo ehlathululwa kokufana begodu yenza imisebenzi efanako. Umsebenzi omkhulu womnyango nanyana wombadi kukuvala nokuvula ukungena nokuphuma ngendlini nesithuthwini. 

### '''Umthombolwazi'''
Ipetroli nedizili.

## '''[[Iimbaseli|Ipetroli nedizili]].'''

### '''Isingeniso'''
Ipetroli nedizili kuziinkhiqizi zamandla nanyana umlilo lezo ezidlala indima ekulu ngehlangothini leenthuthi, ukupheka kanye nekusebenziseni imitjhini. Nanyana kunjalo, ipetroli nedizili kuziinkhiqizi zamandla nanyana umlilo ongafaniko begodu kwesinye isikhathi kunala zisetjenziswa ngokuhlukileko nanyana imitjhini nezinto ezizisebenzisako ziyahluka. Esihlokwaneni esilandelako sizokutjheja bonyana kuyini ipetroli nedizili. 

### '''Kuyini ipetroli nedizili na?'''
Ipetroli nedizili kuziimbaseli zobujamo besibili nanyana bomhlobo wobujamo besibili loyo  okhuqhiza amandla nanyana umlilo ngokutjhiswa nanyana ngokusetjenziswa (Acea Auto 2024). Ukungezelela, ipetroli nedizili ziiimbaseli lezo ezihluzwe e-oyilini ehlaza. Nanyana kunjalo, kufanele siyelela bonyana azihluzwa kokufana.

Ipetroli ihluzwa e-oyilini ehlaza lula njengombana ihluzwa ezingeni lokutjhisa elingaba kulangabi lama-40 ukuya kuma-250 (Bulkfuel 2024).nanyana kunjalo, ipetroli ineensilaphazo zebhudululo zezinga eliphezulu ukudlula idizili (Acea Auto 2024). Lokhu kutjho bonyana, lokha ipetroli nayisetjenziswa mtjhini nanyana sithuthi esithize ikhiqiza umvango wekhabhoni omnengi ukudlula idizili. 

Ngakwelinye ihlangothi idizili yona ihlizwa e-oyilini ehlaza elangabeni lezinga lama-250 ukuya phezulu(Bulkfuel 2024). Ukungezelela, idizili ikhiqiza iinsilaphazo zebhodoluko ezincani nakumadaniswa nepetroli (Bulk Fuel 2024). Ngamanye amagama, idizili lokha nayisetjenziswako mtjhini nanyana sithuthi esithize ikhiqiza umvango wekhabhoni omncani kunalo okhiqizwa yipetroli. Ukuragela phambili, idizili ikhiqiza amandla nanyana umtjhiso omnengi begodu ihlala isikhathi nanyana isebenziseka isikhathi eside nayimadaniswa nepetroli (Acea Auto 2024; Energy Education 2024).

Kokugcina umtjhini nanyana isithuthi esisebenzisa ipetroli asisebenzisi idizili (Wikipedia 2024). Ngokufanako, umtjhini nanyana isithuthi esisebenzisa idizili naso asisebenzisi ipetroli (Wikipedia 2024). Lokhu kusibikela bonyana, izinto ezinengi azikwazi ukusebenzisa ipetroli nedizili ngesikhathi sinye nanyana kokubili, kufanele zikhethe kunye.

### '''Isiphetho'''
Ipetroli nedizili kuziimbaseli lezo ezisetjenziswa khulu njengomthombo wokukhiqiza amandla nanyana umlilo ephasini. Nanyana kunjalo, kufanele siyelele bonyana azifani ngokwenziwa nokusetjenziswa begodu kuzizinto ekufanele zisetjenziswe ngomnanko omkhulu njengoba zitjha nanyana zibanga umlilo msinyana. 

### '''Umthombolwazi'''
UMoya nomoya.

## '''UMoya nomoya.'''

### '''Isingeniso.'''
Ephasini esiphila kilo kukhona ezinye zezinto ezipheze zafana poro kodwana umehluko wazo kumisebenzi nanyana ukuhlonipheka kwazo. UMoya nomoya ngezinye zezinto lezo nasiqala ilimi nesiko lesiNdebele ezipheze zafana poro kodwana zihlukaniswa misebenzi nokuhlonipheka kwazo. Eenhlokwaneni ezilandelako sizokutjheja bonyana kuyini uMoya nomoya begodu zihlukana njani. 

### '''UMoya nomoya'''

UMoya kumuMoya oCwengileko loyo okhamba noSomnini. I-Biblword (2024) ifakazela iphuzu leli lokha nayiveza bonyana uMoya oCwengileko ubizwa ngamagama amanengi anjenge uMoya kaSomnini, uMoya weQiniso, uMoya kaJesu noMoya oCwengileko. I-Wikipedia (2024) ingezelele yathi, UMoya oCwengileko mumoya wokukholelwa kuSomnini kanye neemfundiso zakhe. Ngamanye amagama uMoya oCwengileko kumuMoya kaSomnini begodu ukhambisana nayo yoke into ekhambelana noSomnini. 

Kodwana, umoya kumumoya ojwayelekileko novunguzako ephasini nanyana hlangana nathi (Climate Kids 2024). I-Climate Kids (2024) ne-National Geographic (2024) bangezelele bathi umoya kumivango yamarhasi lawo angasiyingosi begodu athi nakahlangene enze umoya lo esiwuthola ngaphandle nanyana esiwuphefumulako. Umoya lo esiwuphefumulako nanyana ovunguza ngaphandle uba nemivango yamamazinga amancani afana nekhabhoni dayi-osayidi, iniyoni nehayidrogeni (Climate Kids 2024; ne-National Geographic 2024).

### '''Kungani imimoya embili le itlolwa ngokungafani na?'''

Elinye nelinye ilimi linemithetho leyo elawulwa ukutlolwa nokupeledwa kwelimi lelo begodu kube nebhodo yelimi esiza ukwenza amarhubhululo ngokusebenzisana nomphakathi welimi lelo ukuze kuthathwe iinqunto ezinqophileko. ImiThteho yokuTlola nokuPeleda isiNdebele (2022) yathatha isiqunto bonyana ukuze kwaziwe ukuthi nawukhuluma ngomoya ukukhuluma ngamuphi begodu kuhlonitjhwe noMoya okhambelana noSomnini kufanele kuhlukaniswe ngendlela imimoya le itlolwa ngayo. UMoya oCwengileko kwathatha isiqunto bonyana uzokutlolwa ngegabadlela iledere lawo lokuthoma lesiqu njengolokha nasitlola ibizombala. Lokhu kukukhimbisa ihlonipho kuSomnini. Bese kwathi umoya ejwayelekileko nanyana ovunguza ngaphandle utlolwe ngaphandle kwegabhadlela ukukhombisa ukujwayeleka. Ngendlela le abantu bakghona ukuhlukanisa msinya bonyana nawukhuluma ngomoya okukhuluma ngamuphi.

### '''Isiphetho'''
Ukutlolwa ngokuhluka koMoya nomoya kulitshwayo elitjengisa bona isitjhaba samaNdebele naso siyamhlonipha uSomnini begodu siyakholelwa kuye. Ukudlulela, ukuhlukwaniswa lokhu kunciphisa ihlangahlangano netjhayisano eba khona hlangana kwamagama amabili afanako begodu aphinyiswa kokufana kodwana anehlathululo nommongo ohlukileko

### '''Umthombolwazi'''
Umthangala neboda.

## '''Umthangala neboda.'''

### '''Isingeniso'''
Kukhona ezinye izinto ezikhambelana khulu kwangangokuthi abanye abantu bagcina bazihlangahlanganisa ngokuthi bazibize kwangathi yinto yinye kodwana ekubeni zizinto ezimbili ezihlukeneko. Izinto lezo zifaka hlangana ibhoda nomthangala. Eenhlokwaneni ezilandelako sizokutjheja bonyana ibhoda nomthangala kuyini.

### '''Kuyini ibhoda?'''

Ngokuya kwe- ibhoda kusakhiwo esakhiwo hlangana nedrada, nanyana esiyingcenye yendlu leso esenziwe ngobumeselani. Ngamanye amagama, ibhoda kusisakhiwo leso esakhiwe ngezinto ezifana namatje, ihlabathi iintina neengodo esisetjenziswa ukuvikela nanyana ukukampela indawo nayana ukwakha indlu. I-Wikipedia (2024) ingezelela yathi, iboda yisakhiwo nendawo leyo enikela ivikeleko nomakhiwo. Ngokutjheja iinhlathululo lezi singatjho bonyana iboda liyizinto ezinengi begodu lenziwa nanyana lakhiwa zizinto ezinengi.

### '''Kuyini umthangala?'''
Umthangala liboda kodwana elincani lelo kanengi elingeqi idini lomuntu nasitjheja ubude balo kanye nesakhiwo salo. I-Britannica (2024) ifakazele ihlathulululo yethu le lokha nayiveza bonyana, umthangala kulibodana eliqinileko lelo elakhelwe ukuvalela indawo ethize. Ngamanye amagama, umthangala upheze wafana neboda kodwana wona mncani.

### '''Umehluko hlangana neboda nomthangala.'''
Iboda kusisakhiwo esikhulu ngobude nangobujamo leso esingafulelwa begodu esiyingcenye yendlu. Kodwana, umthangala libodana nanyana iboda elincani, nangobujamo umthangala angeze wafulwa begodu usetjenziswa ukuvelela indlu nanyana into ethize.

### '''Isiphetho'''
Iboda nomthangala kupheze kwafana kodwana akusiyinto yinye begodu nemisebenzi yayo kunala ifana khona begodu kunala ihluka khona. Nanyana kunjalo, kuqakathekile bonyana sikwazi ukuzihlukanisa ukuze sizisebenzise ngokunqophileko.

### '''Umthombolwazi'''
Utjani.

## '''Utjani.'''

### '''Isingeniso.'''
Utjani budlala indima eqakathekileko eempilweni zeenlwana nabantu. Kukhona utjani obudliwa ziinlwana zodwa nalobo obudliwa babantu boke. Lokho kutjho bona utjani bunemihlobo eminengi njengoba kufakezelwe ngu-Almusaed (2017). U-Almusaed (2017) waveza bonyana utjani ngezinye zeentjalo lezo eziqakatheke khulu ephasini. Uragele phambili, u-Almusaued (2017), wathi ubuhle nokuqakatheka kotjani buyahluka ukusuka komunye umhlobo wotjani ukuya komunye. Eenhlokwaneni ezilandelako sizokutjheja bonyana kuyini utjani, imihlobo yotjani nemisebenzi yayo. 

### '''Kuyini utjani?'''
Utjani kusitjalo leso esizimilelako naleso esingatjalwa enarheni (Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 2015). Esikathini esinengi utjani buba nombala ohlaza, kanti-ke, eminye imihlobo yetjani iba namathuthumbo nanyana iinthelo ezidliwako ezifana ne-owutsi (Agriculture, Forest and Fisheries 2015). Nanyana kunjalo, minengi khulu imihlobo yotjani ekhona ephasini, kodwana ekulumenipendulwano yethu le, sizokutjheja imihlobo emithathu yotjani leyo edume khulu enarheni yangekhethu. Eenhlokwaneni ezilandelako sizokutjheja imihlobo yotjani elandelako:

### '''Imbozisi'''

Imbozisi kubutjani lobo obunamathuthumbo anamathelako begodu ahlabako. Bona bubonakala khulu ehlobo begodu buthandwa kudliwa ngezinye iinlwani (Lane, u-Morris, u-Bridle no-Eyles 2015; Almusaued 2017). Ukungezelela, umhlobo lo wotjani uthanda ukumila la kuthambe khona kodwana kungabi mdzwela (Lane *nabanye* 2015).

### '''Umgwengwe'''

Umgwengwe kubutjani lobo obutholakala eenarheni ezinengi (Agriculture, Forest and Fisheries 2015). Buhlaza ngombana begodu buqinile, kanti-ke, nomrabhu wawo uqinile begodu utjhinga phasi bese inabe nehlabathi (Agriculture, Forest and Fisheries 2015). Umgwengwe wona kubutjani obuzimilelako begodu bumila ehlobo nakuna izulu (Agriculture, Forest and Fisheries 2015). Umgwengwe udlala indima efuyweni njengoba ifuyo iyabuthanda (Agriculture, Forest and Fisheries 2015; Almusaued (2017)

### '''Ikoroyi'''

Ikoroyi kumhlobo wotjani lobo obukhula ngokuya phezulu bese buthele iintanga lezo ezidliwako (Texas Department of Transportation, 2024). Ikoroyi esikhathini esinengi itjalwa ebusika ivunwe nakuphela isilimela nanyana nakuthoma ihlobo (Texas Department of Transportation, 2024). Ukungezelela, umbala wayo uhlaza okutshehla (Texas Department of Transportation, 2024). Umsebenzi wekoroyi mnengi tle, njekufana nokwenza uburotho, i-owutsi kanti nokudla kweenlwana (Texas Department of Transportation, 2024).

### '''Isiphetho'''
Utjani ngobunye bemihlobo yeentjalo ethandwa khulu. Eminye imihlobo yotjani ithathwa njengamathuthumbo, ukudla kwefuyo kanye nokudla kwabantu. Kukhona eminye godu imihlobo yotjani leyo esetjenziswa njengemitjhoga yokwelapaha (Almusaued (2017). Kungakho kuqakathekile bona sazi begodu sizwisise imihlobo yotjani ukuze sikwazi ukuthatha ithuba nelwazi lokuyisebenzisa ekuthuthukiseni iimpilo zethu.

### '''Umthombolwazi'''
Iyunivesithi.

## Iyunivesithi.

### Isingeniso.
Kunezinye iinkhamphani nanyana iinhlangano ezidlala indima eqakathekileko ekwenzeni isiqiniseko sokuthi abantu bekhethu bafunyana ilwazi, ikghono nefundo enqophileko, begodu zeyenza bonyana sithuthuke siimphakathi ngokunabileko. Iinhlangano lezo nanyana amakhamphani lawo afaka hlangana amayunivesithi. Ngebanga lomnqopho wekulumopendulwano yethu le, sizokunqopha kumayunivesithi wombusu khudlwana ukudlula amayunivesithi azijameleko nanyana wangeqadi. Eenhlokwaneni ezilandelako sizokutjheja bonyana kuyini iyunivesithi begodu umsebenzayo yini.

### Kuyini iyunivesithi?
Ngokuya kuka-Alemu (2018) ne-Wikipedia (2025) iyunivesithi kuyingcenye yomkhakha wezefundo ophakemeko. Ngamanye amagama, iyunivesithi nezinye iinhlangano nasele zibuthelelwe zoke zibizwa bona mikhakha yezefundo ephakemeko ngombana ukuze ufinyelele kiyo kufanele uthome ifundweni yamabanga aphasi naphazulu. Kodwana akupheleli lapho, kufanele imiphumela yakho godu ikhambisane nemiphumela nanyana ibe sezingeni elibekwe yiyunivesithi leyo ofuna ukufunda kiyo. U-Alemu (2018) asekelwa ngu-Boulton akhambisana no-Lucas (2008) bangezelele bathi, iyunivesithi kuyindawo lapho abafundi bafunyana khona ilwazi elahlukeneko begodu bakhulisa nobuhlakani babo ukuze bazokwazi ukuthuthukisa nokusiza umphakathi ngemiraro yepilo. 

Iyunivesithi yakhiwe minyango eyahlukeneko yelwazi leyo efaka hlangana zesayensi, zokutjala, zobuntu, ithekhnoloji kanye nezengqondo ezikhambisana nezehlalakuhle (Alemu, 2018; Wikipedia 2025). Kweminye iminyango sifunyana iingungu zerhubhululo elithize, njengezerhubhululo eliphathelene nokutlhoriswa kabentwana, ituthuko yabomma nabentwana kanye nelimi lomphakathi. Amayunivesithi nakaphelele woke eSewula Afrika wombuso ama-26, kuthi ama-21 kumayunivesithi ngokupheleleko, bese ama-5 kube mayunivesithi wethekhnoloji (UmNyango wezeFundo esiSekelo, 2025).

Nasitjheja ihlathululo esinikelwe yona mayelana neyunivesithi singatjho bonyana kuyindawo ehlangahlanganeko begodu edlala indima eqakathekileko eemphakathini. Esihlokwaneni esilandelako sizokutjheja imisebenzi yeyunivesithi.

### Imisebenzi yeyunivesithi.
Iyunivesithi inemisebenzi eminengi leyo ekufanele iyiphakele umphakathi nenarha zombelele. Ngokuya kuka-Denman (2005) iyunivesithi idlala indima ekusabaliseni kanye nokuthuthukiseni ilwazi ngefundo nangerhubhululo. Iyunivesithi irhubhulula ilwazi elitjha lelo elikhambelana neendingo zanamhlanje bese iliphakele nanyana ilisebenzise eemphakathi ukuthuthukisa ipilo yomphakathi. 

Iyunivesithi ibuye isize umbuso ngokuthi yenze amarhubhululo lawo umbuso ozowasebenzisa ukwenza imithetho engcono kanye nokuthatha iinqunto ezingcono. Ngamanye amagama, iyunivesithi ithuthukisa ubuhlakani bombuso ukuze umbuso ukwazi ukuqalana neendingo zomphakathi ngcono begodu ubuse ngcono abantu bawo. 

### Isiphetho
Amayunivesithi adlala indima eqakathileko ekwenzeni isiqiniseko sokuthi siqalana nemiraro evelako yepilo efaka hlangana amagulo, ithekhnoloji nebhoduluko ngendlela efaneleko. Nanyana amayunivesithi asebenza ngendlela ezahlukeneko, kodwana umnqopho wawo munye kukusiza nokuthuthukisa umphakathi nenarha ngokunabileko. 

### Umthombolwazi
Umvuzo wokulala ngokwaneleko.

## Umvuzo wokulala ngokwaneleko.

### Isingeniso.
Ukulala ngezinye zezinto eziqakathekileko bonyana umuntu azenze qobe ngamalanga. Ngamanye amagama, ukulala kusisenzo leso esikatelelekileko bonyana umuntu asenze ngamalanga. Nanyana kunjalo, ngebanga leminqopho neembangela ezahlukeneko, abantu abanengi balala ngeenkathi ezahlukileko begodu balala ama-iri ahlukileko. Kodwana, ukulala kuyakhonjelwa basebenzi bezamaphilo kanye nabahlengi bezengqondo. Esihlokwaneni esilandelako sizokutjheja imivuzo yokulala ngokwaneleko.

### Imivuzo yokulala ngokwaneleko.

Minengi imivuzo nanyana iinzunzo yokulala ngokwaneleko. Eminye yemivuzo nanyana iinzunzo yokulala ngokwaneleko ifaka hlangana elandelako:

#### Kunciphisa izinga lokugula
Ngokuya kwe-University of Oxford (2023) ukulala ngokwaneleko kwehlisa amazinga wokubanjwa bulwele behliziyo, itjhukela kanye nobulwele bokufa ihlangothi lomzimba. I-American Heart Association (2024) ingezelele yathi, ukungalali kuhle kungabanomthintela omumbi kwezamaphilo zakho ngokuthi kukhuphule amazinga wokubanjwa lizinga eliphezulu leengazi, ukunona ngokudluleleko kanye nokugandeleleka ngomkhumbulo. 

#### Izinga elihle lokucabanga.
Ngokuya kwe-American Heart Association (2024) ukulala ngokwaneleko kwenza bonyana umuntu acabange kuhle begodu nezinga lakhe lobuhlakani nokurhumutjha izinto liyanda. Ngamanye amagama, lokha nawungakalali ngokwaneleko, ingqondo yakho ayisebenzi kuhle nengizinga elifunekako nakuza ekuzwisiseni izinto nekuthatheni iinqunto ezizwakalo alikho. 

#### Ukwandiswa kwamalanga wokuphila.
Lokha nawulala ama-iri ali-7 ukuya kwabu-8 qobe ngobusuku, kwandisa amalanga nanyana isikhathi sakho sokuphila (Student Health of Miami, 2023). I-Student Health of Miami (2024) ingezelele yathi, kufanele wazi bonyana ukulala ama-iri asithantathu ukuya phasi nanyana ukulala ama-iri adlula kwabu-8, akukalungi begodu kungaba nomthelela oyingozi. 

#### Ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokusebenza.
Ukulala ngokwaneleko kusiza khulu bonyana umuntu akwazi ukusebenza kuhle nangezinga eliphezulu (Health Line, 2023). I-Health Line (2023) ingezelele yathi, lokha nawulele ngokwanelelo nengqondo yakho ikwazi ukunzinza begodu iqalane nalokho okwenzako ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. 

#### Kusiza ukwehlisa umzimba
Ukulala ngokwaneleko kuqakatheke khulu ngombana kudlala indima ekulu ekukhuleni nokwehleni komzimba. Ngokuya kwe-Cultivating Health (2023) ukulala ngokwaneleko kungakusiza lokha nawufuna ukwehlisa umzimba nanyana ufuna ukuwukhulisa ngombana ukukhamba kweengazi nokusebenza komzimba kusuke kusebenza kuhle. 

### Isiphetho
Ukulala ngokwaneleko kuqakathekile emntwini ngombana kuneenzunzo efana nokwehlisa izinga lokubanjwa kugula nokugandlelela ngomkhumbulo. Nanyana kunjalo, kufanele sikhumbule bonyana  ukulala kusisenzo esikathelelekileko bonyana sisenze sibabantu begodu sisenze kuhle ngombana nasingasenzi kuhle, singazithola ebujameni obungasi buhle. 

### Umthombolwazi