U-Jan Van Riebeeck

**UJan Van Riebeeck (U-''Johan Anthoniszoon "Jan" Van Riebeeck'')** wabelethwa ngomhla wama-21 kuSihlabantangana 1619 e-Culemborg, e-Netherlands abelethwa nguyise ungodorhodere ohlinzako. Wakhulela e-Schiedam, e-Netherlands, kwathi ngomhla wama-28 kuNtaka 1649, watjhada u-*Maria de la Queillerie*, waba nabantwana ababunane naye.

U-Jan Van Riebeeck waba lilunga le-*Dutch East India Company* (*Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie* - VOC) ngo-1639 lapha athoma khona ukuba msizi kadorhodere ohlinzako ekhambeni labo lokuya e-Batavia (namhlanjesi eyaziwa nge-Jakarta) ngenyanga kaSihlabantangana ngo-1639 bese batjhinga e-Nagasaki eJapani ngo-1643.

Ngo-1645 u-Jan Van Riebeeck wanikelwa isabelo sokuba mphathi wesitetjhi sokurhwebela se-VOC ebesise-Tongkin e-*French Indochina* (namhlanjesi eyaziwa nge-Vietnam). Wehliswa esikhundleneso ngebanga lokuthi besele azenzela irhwebo lakhe langeqadi, okuphula umthetho wekhamphani othi abaphathi akukafuzi bazenzele irhwebo ngeqadi ngepahla yekhamphani. Kwathi bona ehliswe esikhundleni, wazithola sele kufuze abuyele emva e-Netherlands ayoqalana nemilandu yakhe. Ngikho-ke besele atholakala komunye wemikhumbi eli-12 ebeyidoswa phambili ngu-W.G de Jong. Wafika e-*Table Bay* hlanu kwe-*Cape of Good Hope* wahlala khona amalanga ali-18. Lokho kwamnikela isikhathi sokuqalisisa indawo, nokucabanga bona angayisebenzisa njani ekwenzeni bona i-VOC imthembe godu. Wayibona iyindawo enganikela ngokudla namanzi kabakhamba ngemikhumbi.

Njengombana umkhumbi i-*Nieuwe Haerlem* waphahlazeka ngo-1647, abasindileko bakha indawo lapho, u-Jan Van Riebeeck walemuka indlela ebebarhwebelana ngayo namaKhoikhoi njengombana balinde ukutakulwa. Ngemva kwalokho-ke watlola umbiko ngendawo le nangakho koke akubonileko, bewahlongoza bona indawo le ingaba yindawo ehle khulu i-VOC engayisebenzisa. Umbiko lo watlolwa ngo-1648 wathunyelwa ekhamphanini. Kwathi ngo-1651 i-VOC yathatha isiqunto sokuthi indawo ye-*Cape of Good Hope* ayisetjenziselwe iminqopho yekhamphani.

I-VOC yakhetha yena u-Jan Van Riebeeck bona kube nguye umdosiphambili ozokuhloma isitetjhi sokuphumula semikhumbi yamaDatjhi khona izokuthola ukudla okutjha okunepilo namanzi ahlanzekileko. Kwaba kusuka kwakhe-ke u-Jan Van Riebeeck, asuka e-Texel, e-Netherlands ngomhla wama-24 kuNobayeni 1651 bewayokufika e-*Table Bay* ngomhla wesi-6 kaSihlabantangana 1652. Bafika bakhamba ngemikhumbi emihlanu - i-*Dromedaris*, i-*Reijger,* i-*Goede Hoop,* i-*Oliphant* ne-*Walvisch*.

## Ukufika Kwakhe EKapa

U-Jan Van Riebeeck wasuka ngomhla wama-24 kuNobayeni 1651 e-Texel, e-Netherlands, wafika ngomhla wesi-6 kaSihlabantangana 1652. Bafika bakhamba ngemikhumbi emihlanu - i-*Dromedaris*, i-*Reijger,* i-*Goede Hoop,* i-*Oliphant* ne-*Walvisch.* Emithathu le ngiyo eyafika qangi, ngikho kwaziwa khulu le emithathu, le eminye imikhumbi emibili yafika mva. Ekufikeni kwakhe nabantu ebekakhamba nabo ngemikhumbi le wafika wakha indawo yobuphephelo ebizwa bona yi-*Fort de Goede Hoop (Fort of Good Hope).* Bafika batjala endaweni leyo, kodwana iintjalo zabo khenge zitlhurhe kuhle, mhlamunye ngebanga lobujamo bezulu obungafani nobe-Netherlands, netjharagano ebeliphakathi kwamadoda ebekakhamba nawo nakufuze basebenze batlhgomele imikhumbu edlulako. Abantu bebabancani umsebenzi umnengi.

Kwathi ngo-1655 u-Van Riebeeck wabika bona ngaphandle kwabantu abazimisele ukusebenza emasimini, isitetjhesi sizokubhalelwa ukwenza umsebenzi esihloselwe wona. Kwathi ngo-1657, i-VOC yathumela abalimi ababhadelwako, ngombandela wokuthi balime inarha bebathengisele ikhamphani iintjalo abazilimileko. Ngibo laba ebebabizwa bona ma-*Free Burghers (Vry Burgers)*. U-Jan Van Riebeeck wathatha isikhathi sakhe soke atjala bekakhiqiza amagrepsi, ama-apula namazambana, ukudla okuzokuba lisizo khulu emikhumbini edlulako. Kwathi ngo-1659 besele anesivuno samagrepsi ebesikhiqiza iwayini elibovu elilwisana nobulwele be-*scurvy,* njengombana besele alemukile bona ukusela iwayini kuyabuvikela ubulwelobu ngokwezinga elithileko.

Endabeni yokurhwebelana, zoke izinto ebezenzeka u-Jan Van Riebeeck wazitlola emajenalini wakhe. AmaDatjhi bewathenga iinkomo nezimvu kuma-Khoekhoe ngepahla ehlukahlukeneko kuhlanganise notjwala negwayi. Bese inyama yefuyo le idliwe, enye ithengiselwe abantu abadlula ngemikhumbi yekhamphani.

Kwathi ngenyanga kaSewula wango-1653 kwaba nokurhitjhana phakathi kuka-Autshumato, umdosiphambili wesitjhaba sama-Khoekhoe ama-*Gorinhaikona,* nomelusi weenkomo zika-Van Riebeeck u-David Jansz. U-Autshumato wambulala wathatha iinkomo. Ukurhitjhanokhu kuthoma nje, iintjhaba ezimbili lezi besele zingasathelelani kuhle amanzi. AmaDatjhi besele aqala u-Autshumato nabantu bakhe njengamasela. U-Jan Van Riebeeck wathi u-Autshumato lisela elinelimi elibutjhelelezi. Ama-Khoekhoe aqala amaDatjhi njengabakhohlisi ngokuthi intengo yotjwala negwayi ayilingani nentengo yesilwana esifuywako. Bebathi bangabusela utjwala buphele, babone ifuywabo emadlelweni wamaDatjhi, yanda. Bese amaKhoekhoe akhambe ayoyeba.

Isenzakalo sokubulawa kuka-David Jansz sasusa ipi phakathi kwama-Khoe namaDatjhi. U-Van RieBeeck wathi u-Autshumato unomlandu wokubulala. Yeke kwaliwa ipi, ekugcineni ama-Khoe ahlulwa. U-Autshumato wabanjwa wasiwa ekuthunjweni e-*Robben Island* ngawo umnyaka ka-1653. Kodwana ngo-1655 watjhatjululwa wabuyiswa enarheni.  Nakafikako u-Jan Van Riebeeck wamamukela wambuyisela esikhundleni sakhe sokutologa.  Ngesikhathesi u-Autshumato besele azwisisa indlela amaYurobhu arhweba ngayo nendlela yokuzuza kiyo. Bekathi nakarhwebela u-Jan Van Riebeeck iinkomo, aqiniseke bona imbadelo yekhamphani yanele bona ingabhadela neenkomo azithengela zona yena, ngikho nje aba mumuntu oregileko eKapa.

Ngokukhamba kwesikhathi kwaba nokhunye godu ukurhitjhana phakathi kwama-Khoekhoe namaDatjhi ngo-1657. Ukurhitjhanokhu kubangwa kungazwani kwama-*Free Burghers (Vry Burgers)*  neengqila ze-Madagascar.  U-Jan Van Riebeeck wakateleleka bona akhe isivikelo endaweni leyo, bona enze ama-Khoekhoe asuke endaweni leyo. Bekuthi ezinye iingqila naziphunyurhako asebenzise u-Autshumato njengesithunjwa ukuhlohlozela ama-Khoe bona akhambe ayokubamba iingqilezo. Kodwana iqhinga lika-Van Riebeeck khenge liphumelele ngendlela afuna ngayo. Kwathi ngo-1658 u-Autshumato wabanjwa, wathathelwa yoke ifuywakhe. Ngemva kokutjhutjhiswa wathunjwa wasiwa e-*Robben Island* godu. Kodwana wathi nakalapho waphunyurha ngesikepe esivuzako. Bekube kunamhlanjesi, u-Autshumato nguye kwaphela umuntu okghone ukuphunyurha e-*Robben Island* njengesibotjhwa. Kunokuthi nakabuyako enarheni abotjhwe, u-Van Riebeeck wambuyisela esikhundleni sakhe sokukhulumisana nokutologa.

## Ukufa Kwakhe
Ngomhla wobu-8 kuKhukhulamungu wango-1662 u-Jan Van Riebeeck wakhamba eKapa esesewula Afrika, watjhiya u-Zacharias Wagenaer bona kube nguye osala aphethe endaweni abakiyo eKapa. Wafika wahlala endaweni ebizwa bona yiMalacca namhlanjesi ebizwa bona yi-Melaka eseMalaysia, wahlala lapho bekwaba nguKhukhulamungu wango-1665. Umkakhe wahlongakala ngokubulawa bulwele bepokisi ngenyanga kaSinyikhaba ngo-1664. Ngemva kwalokho wabekwa esikhundleni sokuba ngu-*Governor-General-in-Council* wenarha yeNdiya, begodu wahlala e-Batavia ipilwakhe yoke. Wahlongakala ngomhla we-18 kuTjhirhweni 1677. 

## Iinkhombo