Iintjalo Ezisengozini Yokutjhabalala

Iintjalo nemithi esiphila hlangana nazo nanyana ezitholakala eendaweni zangekhethu ziqakatheke khulu. Kunemisebenzi eminengi eyenzako ukuze siphile ipilo ehle nephephileko. Nanyana kunjalo, kunomraro wokutjhabalala kweentjalo nemithi enarheni yoke zombelele (Pfab no-Victor 2002; ne-Wikipedia 2024). Ngokuya kuka-Stohlgren no-Kumar (2013:205)  ama-% ama-95 ukuya kuma-% ama-99 wemithi neentjalo ezikhethekileko ebe zikhona ngaphambilini sele zingasekho nanyana ziseduze nokungasabi khona. Ibelo leli ezitjhabalala ngalo ngilo elithusa abatlhogomeli bemvelo nanyana bendabuko (Stohlgren noKumar 2013). Ngamanye amagama, ukutjhabalala kweentjalo nemithi bekuvele kukhona kodwana nje umraro kukuthi zitjhabalala ngebelo eliphezulu khulu begodu kubudisi ukulilawula. Eenhlokwaneni ezilandelako sizokutjheja bonyana sikhuluma ngani nasikhuluma ngokutjhabalala kweentjalo nemithi begodi sibuye sitjheje neembangela nanyana isithintela esibanga ukutjhabalala kwemithi neentjalo lokhu. 

### Sikhuluma ngani nasikhuluma ngokutjhabalala kweentjalo nemithi na?

I-South African National Biodiversity Institute (I-SANBI) [2010] yathi, kukhona iintjalo nemithi, khulukhulu yendabuko nanyana yemvelo leyo  ekhamba inyamalala ngemva kwesikhathi. Ngokuya kwebonelophambili, imithi neentjalo le ekhamba inyamalala ilinganiselwa een-2 553 eSewula Afrika kwaphela (SANBI 2013). Ukungezelela, iintjalo lezo nemithi kufikela lapho zingasatholakali khona ngemva kokunyamela (Stohlgren no-Kumar 2013; ne-Wikipedia 2024). Ukunyamela kweentjalo nemithi lokhu bezingasatholakali kubizwa bonyana kutjhabalala kweentjalo nemithi (SANBI 2010). 

Ukutjhabalala kweentjalo nemithi  lokhu kubangelwa zizinto ezihlukileko begodu nebelo lokutjhabalala kwazo akufani. Kukhona ezinye ezitjhabalala ngebelo eliphezulu khulu, khulukhulu lezo ezitholakala emadorobheni bese kubuye godu kube nalezo ezitjhabalala ngebelo elingasiphezulu khulu (Pfab no-Victor 2002). 

Esikhathini esinengi iintjalo nemithi etjhabalalako ngileyo yendabuko begodu ekhethekileko leyo engatholakali koke (Pfab no-Victor 2002; no-Stohlgren no-Kumar 2013). Ngokuya kuka-Stohlgren no-Kumar (2013) basekelwa yi-SANBI (2010), iintjalo nemithi yendabuko nanyana yemvelo le, ibongazimbi abakhulu tle ngebanga lokuthi ukhona ukuphila endaweni leyo nanyana evelele kiyo begodu ipilo yayo ikhambelana nebhoduluko lendawo lelo. Ngamanye amagama, ihlabathi, amanzi, umoya nobujamo bezulu obuhlukileko bakwezinye iindawo abukalungeli iintjalo nemithi yendabuko le. Esihlokweni esilandelako sizokutjheja iimbangela zokutjhabalalisa iintjalo nemithi.

### Imbangelo yokutjhabalala kwemithi kanye neentjalo
Zinengi iimbangela ezibanga ukutjhabalala kwemithi neentjalo esele zitshwaye babantu abanengi iphasi loke leli kodwana kulekulumo-pendulwano sizokudzimelela kwezilandelako:

#### 1.      Ukutlhayela kweendawo zazo

Ukutlhayela kweendawo la iintjalo nemithi yendabuko ingaphila khona kumraro omukhulu (Stohlgren no-Kumar 2013). Iintjalo nemithi le izithola ingasakhoni ukunaba kanye nokukhula ngebanga lokuthi iindawo zazo ziyancipha begodu akusenasikhala la zinganabela nanyana zikhulele khona (Stohlgren no-Kumar 2013).

#### 2.      Izenzo zabantu
Izenzo zabantu zinomthelela omkhulu tle ekutjhabalaleni kweentjalo nemithi yendabuko. Ngokuya kuka-Stohlgren no-Kumar (2013) izenzo zabantu ezifana nokutheza, ukugubha iintjalo kanye nokutjhisa amahlathi notjani zidlala indima ekulu ekutjhabalaleni kweentjalo nemithi yendabuko. Ngamanye amagama, nabatheza bebaguba iintjalo kodwana bangazitjali nanyana bazijamiselele kubanga ukutjhabalala kwemithi neentjalo ngombana ziyancipha nabenza njalo.

#### 3.      Ituthuko yezehlalakuhle.
Kunetuthuko enengi khulu eyenzeka mihla namalanga ephasini esiphila kilo (Stohlgren no-Kumar 2013). U-Stohlgren no-Kumar (2013) baveze bonyana abantu nabakha iindawo ezitjha, imakhiwo kanye namadorobha amatjha, basusa imithi neentjalo zendabuko endaweni lezo begodu abalingi ukuzifudusela nanyana ukuzibulunga. Lokhu kufaka isandla ekutjhabalaliseni iintjalo nemithi.

#### 4.      Amabubulo namarhwebo
Amabubulo namarhwebo asebenzisa iintjalo nemithi yendabuko ukukhiqhiza imikhiqhizo ebayithengisako, kodwana abanandaba nokobanyana imithi neentjalo leyo iyaphela begodu ifuna ukujamiselwela ngokuthi batjale eminye (Stohlgren no-Kumar 2013). Lokhu nakho kudlala indima ekulu ekutjhabalaliseleni iintjalo nemithi.

#### 5.      Itjhuguluko lebhoduluko
Itjhuguluko lebhoduluko ekufaka hlangana ubujamo bezulu lobo obutjhugulula iinkhathi nezinga ebenza ngakho izinto kumraro khulu eentjalweni nemithi yendabuko (Stohlgren no-Kumar 2013). Ukungezelela, imithi neentjalo lezo zizithola zibhalelwa kuphila ngaphasi kwetjhugululo lebhoduluko nelobujamo bezulu (Stohlgren no-Kumar 2013). kompozisyon Ngamanye amagama, lokha nakutjhisa ngendlela engakajwaleki isikhathi eside nanyana kumakhaza khulu isikhathi eside ukudlula ngenjayelo ngebanga lamatjhuguluko webhoduluko nanyana wobujamo bezulu, iintjalo nemithi yendabuko le igcina ihlongakala begodu ingasamili.

### Isiphetho
Ukutjhabalala kweentjalo nemithi yendabuko yinto embi nenomthelela omumbi eempilweni zethu ngombana kuzokuba nokudla nemitjhoga ebesiyinikelwa mimithi neentjalo lezo engasazokutholakala. Ngalokho-ke, kuqakathekile bonyana sinakekele zoke iintjalo nemithi, khulukhulu yendabuko ngombana ngizo ezisirhelebha khulu epilweni .

## Iinkomba