open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Esther mahlangu

*[[Esther Mahlangu]]* omgwali obuya ***[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ndebele-South-African-people esizweni samaNdebele weSewula Afrika]*** ube nomqaliso wezobukghwari ebizwa bona yi **-** *<nowiki/>'then I knew I was good at painting*' elethwe yi-Iziko South African Museums. U-Esther Mahlangu wabelethwa mhlana amalanga ali-11 kuSinyikhaba ngomnyaka we-1935 endaweni yange-Middleburg ePumalanga, ngokubelethwa ungu-Esther Ntuli bese wendela kwaMahlangu, kanti-ke wathoma ukugwala aneminyaka elitjhumi ngobudala. Imisebenzi yakhe ayithathelwa phasi, wanikelwa ubudorhodere mayunivesithi amane okuyi - University of Johannesburg ne-Durban University of Technology ngomnyaka wee-2018, Tshwane University of Technology ngomnyaka wee-2022 kanye ne - University of South Africa ngomnyaka wee-2024. 

Iziko South African Museums yavulela abantu bona bazokubona umsebenzi ka-Esther Mahlangu obukghwari bokugwala ukuthoma mhlana amalanga ama-18 Mhlolanja ukuya mhlana ama-11 Rhoboyi kumnya wee-2024. Umqaliso lo utjengisa umnikelo omangalisako ka-Esther Mahlangu weminyaka ematjhumi alikhomba ebukghwarini besimanjemanje ngemibala namafomu aphilako. Ifaka imisebenzi yobukghwari engaphezu kwe-100 evela emaqoqweni weentjhabatjhaba, iinthombe zomlando, kanye nefilimu emfitjhani, umqaliso lo unikela ngokudephileko emsebenzini wakhe. Okuqakathekileko yi-BMW 525i Art Car ka-Esther Mahlangu, ebuyela eSewula Afrika kokuthoma eminyakeni engaphezu kwama-30. Ngo-1991, wenza umlando njengomfazi wokuthoma nomgwalii we-Afrika obe ngomunye wabakghwari ku-BMW's Art Car Collection. Lokhu kubuyela emuva kunikela umbono ohlukileko womsebenzi ka-Mahlangu omkhulu nonamandla. 

Akupheleli lapho, ubukghwarobo ngitjho nayo ikoloyi ye-BMW ayigwalako ibuye yalethwa godu e-Wits Arts Gallery bona izokubonwa babantu mhlana amalanga ama-20 kuSinyikhaba 2024 ukuya mhlana amalanga ali-17 kuSihlabantangana kiwo umnyaka lo bese yabuyela emva. Okungaphezu kwalokho umqiniseki womqaliso lo uNontobeko Ntombela uyahlathulula bona “Umqaliso lo uletha ithuba elitjha lokuthi sibone umsebenzi wobukghwari omuhle ka-Esther Mahlangu. Umsebenzakhe ube nomthelela omkhulu emkhakheni wezobukghwari eSewula Afrika begodu umqaliso lo bufakazi bomnikelo omuhle.”  

### UMTHOMBO WELWAZI
Imiklomelo kaDakamela

## IMITLOMELO KADAKAMELA
Imiklomelo kaDakamela mnyanya ogidinga isintu namasiko wamaNguni begodu ubuye unikele abantu imitlomelo wokubathokozisa emisebenzini emihle abayenzako emphakathini. Umnyanya lo wathoma ukwenzeka ngomnyaka wee-2023 eNkayi eZimbabwe, wenziwa yiKosi uMbusi Bekithemba Dakamela ngendlini yobuKhosi bakwaDakamela. Umnyaka lo wenzeke mhlana amalanga ama-5 kuSinyikhaba kiwo wona umnyaka lo begodu wenzeke amalanga amabili woke ukusukela mhlana amalanga ama-4 ukuya nakama-5.  Nanoma kumnyanya osezweni leZimbabwe, akusibabantu beZimbabwe kwaphela abawukhambelako, ukhanjelwa babantu ababuya kwezinye iinarha njengeSewula Afrika, Tanzaniya, neZambiya. Akupheleli lapho, ezinye zeenkhambeli lezi zibuya ebuKhosini ngokwahlahlahlukana. Ekutlonyelisweni, akukaqalwa abantu beZimbabwe kwaphela, akhona amanye amalunga wemindeni wobuKhosi wezinye iinarha kanye nabanye abantu abenza kuhle emiphakathini abatlonyelisiweko. 

Umnyanya lo nanoma usungulwe buKhosi bakwaDakamela usuke wasekelwa nanguRhulumende wesifundeni seMatebeleland North. URhulumende ube wenza nesithembiso bona umnyanya lo uzowubeka phambili begodu noNgqongqotjhe wakhona uNicholas Moyo ubize boke abathintekako nabasebenzisani bona basebenzisane ekukhuphuleni umnyanya lo nokuqinisekisa ukunzinza kwawo esikhathini eside nesizako.  Iinkhambeli zomnyanya ziwuthabela umnyanya lo ngamabanga amanengi, elinye lakhona kukuthi umnyanya lo usekela abakghwari bendawo ngokubanikela ithuba lokuthi baveze tjhatjhalazi amakghono wabo kanye nokuvezwa kwevunulo yesintu, liyatjho nelunga lepalamende uDesire Moyo bona uthatjiswe yivunulo yesintu kanye namakghono wabantu aveziweko. 

Kanti-ke, koke lokhu njengombana kusungulwa yiKosi uDakamela, okuvelako kukuthi ulililutjha ngokwakhe. UMbusi Dakamela wabelethwa mhlana amalanga ama-3 kuNtaka ngomnyaka we-1995 bese wahlaliswa esihlalweni sobuKhosi ngomnyaka wee-2019. Uhlaliswa nje uthatha iintambo kuKghari yakhe uHleziphi Dlodlo obekamjaphethe nakuzakuqima ilanga elinguyise likaMbusi. Umnqopho weKosi uDakamela kubuyisa nokuvuselela isintu namasiko, kuthi nakunjalo kwasungulwa nekulumo ethi #ubuntuyisintusethu enamethele umnyanya lo obizwa ngmiklomelo kaDakamela. 

## IMITHOMBO YELWAZI
Corbin Bleu

U-Corbin Bleus mlingisi we-America owadlala indima ka-Chad emamuvini we-High School Musical.

## Early life and education

U-Corbin Bleu wabelethwa e-New York City borough of Brooklyn, indodana ka-Martha (née Callari) no- David Reivers (obelethwe ngo-1958), umlingisi.  Unina m -Italy-American kuthi uyise m-Jamaican-American . Unabodadwabo  wabelethwa Naf abathathu abancani. Njengomntwana, u-Bleu wafunda ukugida iminyaka eminengi, adlarry Chenzimelle khulu ku- ballet ne -jazz . Umalume omkhulu ngumlingisi u-Joseph Callari. 

U-Bleu wavela emikhangisweni kamabonakude athoma aneminyaka emibili, ngemikhiqizo efana ne -Life cereal, i-Bounty, i-Hasbro kanye ne -Nabisco .  Wathoma ukuthatha amakilasi we-jazz ne-ballet, kanengi two twos the word fam nif bin alenenme hehejejkehbogs njengomsana oyedwa eklasini. Naserele aneminyaka emine beseSevenle ammodeli we- Ford Modelling Agency e-New York. Wavela emikhangisweni fish milk Edgar egadangisiweko yezitol ezifana ne -Macy's, i-Gap, i-Target kanye ne-Toys R Us kanye wabelethwa neemkhangisweni zefashini kumagazini *we-Child*, *Parents*, kanye ne *-American Baby*, kanye nokuba nesithombe sakhe emathoyizini nasemaphakhjini wemidlalo. 

Nakaneminyaka eyisithupha, u-Bleu wavela emdlalweni wakhekanye wokuthoma wethiyetha, e -The Town Hall .  Umlandelande wallahi wamakhonsathi kanyeamaththathathathatathu, owadalwa, watlolwa, begodu wabanjwa ngu-Scott Siegel, wenzeka ngFourempelaveke eyodwa begodu kanye wafaka hlangana ukuhloFivenipha u -David Merrick .  U-Bleu wadlala indima kanye yomuntu onganawo amakhaya emdlalweni othi *u-Tiny Tim is Dead* . 

U-Bleu waphothula e- Los Angeles County High School for the Arts . Wabandulela ukudansa e-Debbie Alenu Danaci kanye begodu waya e -Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music &amp;amp; Art and Performing Arts njenge-theatre major, alandela iinyathelo zikanina.   U-Bleu waphothula isikolo samabanga aphezulukanye ngo-2007 begodu wamukelwa e- Stanford University, kodwana wala ukufunda.
The United States

**The United States of America**, elaziwa njalo ngegama elithi **The United States**, kumbe **America**, liyizwe elikhulu kakhulu. Inengi lalo litholakala eNorth America, kodwana ezinye izingcenye zakhona ziseAsia kanye leCaribbean. America liyizwe elinothile kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Liphinde libe labantu abangaphezu kwe-300 million. America inabantu abanhlanga ngeenhlanga, abamasiko leenkolo ezihlukile.
Mbuyisa Makhubu

**UMbuyisa Makhubo** (wabelethwa ngo-1957 nofana ngo-1958) mlweli weSewula Afrika olwa nebandlululo owanyamalala ngo-1979.  Wakhula waduma ngemva kobana abonakale athwele u-Hector Pieterson esithombeni esithathwe ngu-Sam Nzima ngemva kobana u-Pieterson adunyuzwe ngesikhathi se''-Soweto Uprising'' ngo-1976.  Nanyana isithombe sibekezele, kuncani okwaziwako ngoMakhubo. 

Ngemva kobana isithombe sisabalale enarheni yoke nangaphetjheya, uMakhubo watlhoriswa bonogada, bekwamkatelela bonyana abaleke eSewula Afrika. Unina uNombulelo Makhubo watjela i-*Truth and Reconciliation Commission* bonyana uthole incwadi esuka kuye ase-Nigeria ngomnyaka ka-1978, kodwana solo kwamhlokho khange athole litho elibuya kuye. Umma lo wahlongakala ngomnyaka ka-2004, ngaphandle kokwazi bonyana kwenzakalani ngendodanakhe. UMbuyisa bekangomunye wabatjhotjhozeli beSewula Afrika abanikelwa indawo e-Nigeria ngemva kwesehlakalo se-Soweto . Waye angomunye kwabathathu abafakwa e boarding high school e-*South-Western Nigeria-Federal Government College* ngomnyaka ka-1976 kuya ku-1977, kodwana boke babhalelwa kufunda kwabakatelela bonyana bafuduswe kungakapheli umnyaka.

Ngomnyaka ka-2013, kwavela iinsolo zokuthi indoda, u-Victor Vinnetou, ebegade ivalelwe ejele le-Canada iminyaka ebunane edlulileko ngamacala wokufuduka bekunguMakhubo.  Kwenziwa iimhloliso zezakhi zofuzo ukuthola bona bekanguMbuyisa Makhubo kwamambala na.  Kwabikwa ngokukhamba kwesikhathi bona iimhloliso ze-DNA akhange ziqinisekise isimangalo sendoda le sokuthi nguMakhubo, okudanisako emndenini kaMakhubo,  nanyana ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA kwabikwa bona kwenziwa elungwini lomndeni elingenabudlelwano begazi nababelethi bobabili. 

Ukusukela ngomnyaka ka-2020, akwaziwa bona ukuphi. Ngomnyaka wona loyo, idokhumentari eneziqephu ezine ebizwa nge- *Through The Cracks*, eyakhutjhwa ngeminyaka ema-44 yokuvukela umbuso mhlana ali-16 kuMgwengweni wango-2020, yanikela ngemininingwana engakakhulunywa ngaphambilini ngepilo kaMakhubo.  Kwabikwa nokuthi iphosta yamagugu ekhumbula uMakhubo izokufakwa mhlana ali-16 kuMgwengweni wee-2020. 

## Iinkhombo
Indima eyadlalwa yilutjha emzabalazweni wekululeko

**Umzabalazo wekululeko** ngilokha abantu bavusa ipi nofana baba nenturhu ukulwisana nombuso webandlululo. Umzabalazo wekululeko bewudoswa phambili ziinqhema ezinengi zabantu ekungaba misikinyeko nofana iinhlangano ezabe zenziwe ngaleso sikhathi. Iinqhema lezi zabe zihlose ukuthola ikululeko, ukulingana Kanye nombuso wentando yenengi ebantwini boke abahlala eSewula Afrika. Ilutjha ebelodosa phambili umzabalazo wekululeko labe linekghuphelo lokwakha inarha encono kunaleyo ebeba phila kiyo, labe lifuna ukuletha amatjhuguluko emphakathini wabo nanyana lokho kwabe kubeka amaphilo wabo engozini.

### Indima eyadlwa yilutjha ekuletheni ekuletheni ikululeko

#### Ukuhlela ukubhenyoga
Lokha abantu abatjha bekuba ngiba ngobo abadosa phambili ukubhenyoga kwesitjhaba bebasebenzisa iindlela ezithileko ukulwisana nabaphathi nofana abadosi phambili bombuso loyo. Isibonelo sokubhenyoga ngelesi sokuphakama kweSoweto ngonyaka we-1976 lapho ilutjha khabe lilwisana khona nokufundiswa khona kwelimi lesibhuru ngekatelelo eenkolweni. Omunye welutjha elabe lidosa phambili ukubhenyoga lokhu kwabe kungu Tsietsi Mashinini. Abanye abafundi bahlongakala lokha nakubhenyogwako ngombana badutjulwa. UHector peterson owabe eneminyaka eli-12, no Hastings Ndlovu owabe eneminyaka eli-15.

#### Ukutjhukumisa imiphakathi
Ilutjha ladlala indima yokuthi litjhukumise imiphakathi begodu liwazise ngokuthi liphala lapho bangatholi khona ubulungiswa begodu sikhombise umphakathi ukuthi sitlhoga umbuso wentando yenengi khona woke umuntu azokutjhaphuluka. Okhunye kukuthi ihlagano ye-ANC yathoma yenza amaphetjhana atlolwe ukuthi “tjhaphululani uMandela bese nilengise u Vorster” lokhu kwenziwa kokuthi nelutjha lisuse inturhu eSoweto. Abasebenzi abanzima nabo bagcina babanga imguruguru ngombana basikinywa yinto eyenziwa mbuso, ukuthi babulale abafundi.

#### Ukwakha ubudlelwano benhlangano, nemisikinyeko
Ilutjha lasiza ukwakha ukuhlangana nofana ukwenza ukuthi kube khona ubudlelwana phakathi kwenhlangano, imisikinyeko nekukhuliseni imiphakhathi iqinise ukubumbana kwabantu. Imisikinyeko yelutjha efana neCOSAS ejamele ukuthi *congress of south african students, ne-*SASCO ejamele ukuthi *South African student congress* zasungulwa ukuthi zikhone ukuthi zilwisane ukuthi zikghone ukulwisana nebandlululo elabe likhona ngaleso skhathi. iSASCO yona yavela ngaphasi kwehlangano ye-ANC.

Nanyana umzabalazo wekululeko waphela kwangena umbuso wentando yenengi kodwa uphethe ubunjalo benarha begodu uyaraga ukubumba inarha ngokuzama ukuthi kungasabi nokubandlululana kwakade begodu kwakhiwe inarha eyamukela woke umuntu ngendlela angayo ngokombala, ukukhuluma nokhunye.

## '''Iikhomba'''
U-Teboho MacDonald Mashinini (Tsietsi)

**U-Teboho "Tsietsi" MacDonald Mashinini** (wabelethwa ngomhlaka-27 kuTjhirhweni 1957 wahlongakala ngo-1990) bekamlweli wetjhaphuluko emBusweni weBandlululo weSewula Afrika nomdosiphambili wabafundi odumileko ngesikhathi se-''Soweto Uprising''.

## Umlando Wakhe
U-Teboho Tsietsi Mashinini owaziwa ngebizo lakhe elithi "Mcdonald" wabelethwa ngo-1957, ngomhlaka-27 kuTjhirhweni. Bekangowesibili ebantwaneni abali-13 baka-Ramothibe (ubaba) no-Nomkhitha Virginia (umma) bakwaMashinini. Bekamfundi okhaliphileko, odumileko nophumelelako e-*Morris Isaacson High School*  e-Soweto, lapho bekamdosiphambili wesiqhema sekulumo pikiswano begodu angumongameli we-*Methodist Wesley Guild*.

Igadango lombuso webandlululo weSewula Afrika lokwenza ilimi lesiBhuru libe lilimi okufundiswa ngalo eenkolweni zoke zeSewula Afrika ngokuhlanganyela nesiNgisi belingathandwa bafundi beSewula Afrika abanzima nabakhuluma isiNgisi.

Amfundi ngokwakhe, uMashinini nguye owahlela umtjhagalo omkhulu wabafundi ngomhlaka-16 kuMgwengweni 1976.  Umtjhagalo lo waziwa ngokuthi yi-''Soweto Uprising'', okwathatha amalanga amathathu, lapho kwabulawa khona abantwana abamakhulu ambalwa.

Njengombana avele njengomdosiphambili wokuvukela umbuso weSewula Afrika, uMashinini wabaleka eSewula Afrika wabalekela ngaphetjheya, kokuthoma wabalekela e-London bese wabalekela nakezinye iinarha ze-Afrika, njenge-Liberia, lapho atjhade khona no-*Miss Liberia 1977*, u-Welma Campbell.

UMashinini wahlongakala ngaphasi kobujamo obungazwisisekiko, mhlamunye ngokubulawa namkha ngobulwele, ngehlobo lika-1990 ngesikhathi asendaweni yokubalekela e-Guinea. Ngomhlaka-4 kuRhoboyi 1990, isidumbu sakhe sabuyiselwa eSewula Afrika, lapho angcwatjwa khona emaThuneni we-Avalon. Ithuna lakhe linesihloko esithi *"Black Power"*.

## Ilitje Lesikhumbuzo
Kunelitje lesikhumbuzo sika-Teboho Mashinini esenziwe ngu-Johannes Phokela emasangweni wesikolo ebekangena kiso kade  esavulwa ngomhlaka-1 kuMrhayili 2010 ngu-Amos Masondo, iMeyara ye-Johannesburg.

## Qala godu

* U-Khotso Seatlholo
* U-Hastings Ndlovu
* U-Hector Pieterson
* U-Murphy Morobe
* U-Seth Mazibuko

## Iinkomba

## Amalinki wangaphandle

* Iwebhusayithi ye-*African Activist Archive Project* ifaka hlangana isitatimende seendaba i-''Lider of Soweto (South Africa) Uprising to Speak'' (*New York: American Committee on Africa, December 1976*).
* Iphrofayili ka-Teboho "Tsietsi" Mashinini ku-*SA History Online* https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/teboho-tsietsi-mashinini
Umthethomlingwa nomthetho.

## '''Umthethomlingwa nomthetho.'''

### '''1. Isingeniso'''
Umthethomlingwa nomthetho ngamanye wamathulusi nanyana iinsetjenziswa ezisiza khulu eemphakathini nenarheni mayelana nokwenza isiqiniseko bonyana kuba nokulawuleka. Ukungezelela, umthethomlingwa nomthetho magadango lawo enza isiqiniseko sokuthi abantu baphilisana kuhle begodu balandela ikambiso yomthetho. Nanyana kunjalo-ke, umthethomlingwa nomthetho kuzizinto ezimbili ezingafaniko. Eenhlokwaneni ezilandelako sizokutjheja bonyana kuyini umthethomlinga begodu kuyini umthetho.

### '''2. Kuyini umthethomlingwa na?'''

Ngokuya kweSouth African National Legislation Service (iNetLaw) [2025] umthethomlingwa litlhatlha lomthetho lelo elisesigabeni sokuthi lithunyelwe eBandleni leNarha nomKhandlu weNarha owAngamele iimFunda ngaphasi kwePalamende yenarha. Itlhatlha leli lomthetho (umthethomlingwa) ukuze libe mthetho ngokusemthethweni kufanelwe liphasiswe yiPalamende yenarha ngemva kukuphasiswa iBandla leNarha nomKhandlu weNarha owAngamele iimFunda. Nanyana kunjalo, akutjho bonyana yoke imithethomlingwa etlanywako izokuphasiswa ePalamende yenarha, eminye yemithethomlingwa iyararhwa (Parliament of United Kingdom 2025). Ngalokho singatjho bona umthethomlingwa kulingelelo lomthetho lelo elilethwa ngaphambili kwePalamende yenarha ukuze liqalwe bonyana nalingaba mthetho lingasiza inarha ekuphemeleliseni iindingo zayo na.

### '''3. Kuyini umthetho na?'''

PMG (2025) ngokusekelwa yiWikipedia (2025) iveze bonyana umthetho kuziinkambiso lezo ezenzelwe ukulawula nokuphilisana kwabantu ngokulinganako. Ukungezelela, umthetho yikambiso, umhlahlandlela nesisetjenziswa sangakomthetho esisetjeziselwa ukurarulula izipi zangaphandle nangaphakathi eemphakathini ukuze kube nokuthula nanyana nokukhalima isenzo esingakalungi (South African National Legislation Service 2025). Umehluko hlangana komthethomlingwa nomthetho kukuthi umthethomlingwa usalingelelwa bonyana ungasebenza na, begodu usengakabi mthetho ongasetjenziswa (PMG 2025). Kodwana, umthetho kusisetjenziswa isisemthethweni leso esele sisetjenziswa ngokomthetho ukurarulula imiraro ephathelene nemiphakathi (South African National Legislation Service 2025).

### '''4. Isiphetho'''
Umthetholingwa nomthetho kuzizinto ezihlukileko begodu ezisetjenziswa ngendlela ehlukileko. Nanyana kunjalo, ziyingcenye eqakathekileko ekwenzeni isiqiniseko sokuthi inarha iyakhula mayelana nokurarulula imiraro kanye nokwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi abantu abagadangani iinzwani. Ukungezelela, kuqakathekile bonyana sizijayezwe ngelwazi elimayelana nomthethomlingwa nomthetho ukuze sikwazi ukuzibandakanya ekuthathweni kweenqunto eziqakatheileko lezo ezithintela iimpilo zethu.

**Imithombolwazi**
U-Hastings Ndlovu

**U-Hastings Ndlovu** (2 kuMhlolanja 1961 - 16 kuMgwengweni 1976) bekamfundi wesikolo samabanga aphezulu weSewula Afrika owabulawa mapholisa emtjhagalweni we-''Soweto Uprising'' ngebanga lokujamelana nombuso webandlululo eSewula Afrika.

## Ukuhlongakala Kwakhe
UNdlovu wabulawa ngomhlaka-16 kuMgwengweni 1976 ngesikhathi somtjhagalo we-Soweto lokha amapholisa we-Orlando nakadumuza abafundi ebegade batjhagalela indaba yokukatelelwa kokusetjenziswa kwesiBhuru eenkolweni zabo. Ukuhlongakala kwakhe akhenge kuvezwe khulu njengaye u-Hector Pieterson ngombana akunamuntu owamthwebula isithombe. Umlawuli wamapholisa u-Colonel Kleingeld utjele i-*Cillié Commission* ukuthi u-Ndlovu nguye "obekaphehla isiqubuthu bona sibhenyoge." 

UNdlovu bekanabodadwabo abathathu nomfowabo. Odadewabo batjhiya inarha msinyana ngemva komhlaka-16 kuMgwengweni, kodwana babuyela e-Johannesburg ngemva kweminyaka embalwa.

## Ithuna Lakhe
UNdlovu wangcwatjwa noPieterson emathuneni we-Avalon e-Johannesburg. Indlu yekhabo e-Soweto beyinanyathiselwe iphosta ehlaza satjani ngomhlaka-16 kuMgwengweni 2012 njengesikhumbuzo sokuhlongakala kwakhe.

## Iinkomba
U-Karabo Poppy

**U-Karabo Poppy Moletsane** (wabelethwa ngo-1992) mdwebi weenthombe weSewula Afrika, umtlami wemifanekiso, kanye nomdwebi wemigwaqo. 

## Ipilo yokuthoma
U-Poppy wabelethelwa e- Vereeniging . Wafunda e -Open Window Institute e -Pitori begodu unedigri ku -Visual Communication . 

## Ibizelo
U-Poppy wenze umsebenzi we -Wall Street Journal, Google, Coca-Cola, kanye ne -Nike, okufaka hlangana ukutlama amanyathelo ambathwa ngu -LeBron James .  Wakha iinthombe zomdlalo wokuthoma we-Afrika ku -Netflix, *i-Queen Sono*, kanye *ne-When They See Us* .  Wasebenzisana ne-RICH MNISI ngeqoqo lezambatho zabobulili obufanako, ebizwa nge-Running Errands, ngo-2020.   Umfanekiso wakhe we-Utah Jazz ufakwe e -Salt Lake City, e-Utah.

Ngomnyaka ka-2021, wathunyelwa yi -Wikipedia, kanye no-Jasmina El Bouamraoui, ukuklama amatshwayo ali-101 wokugidinga iminyaka ema-20 ye-Wikipedia. 

Iinthombe zakhe ezibotjhiweko zitjengiswa njengezinto ezifakwe emadorobheni e -Johannesburg kunye nase-Soweto Towers. 

## abonongorwana yobungcweti
Wafakwa erhelweni le *-Forbes* “30 Ngaphasi kwama-30” emkhakheni we-2019 wokutlama.  Imitlamo yakhe ka-2019 ye-Nike yathumba i-BASA Beyond Border Partnership Award. Ngomnyaka ka-2020 wabizwa ngokuthi "nguMsunguli womnyaka" ngu- *Between 10and5* . 

## [https://www.itsnicethat.com/news/karabo-poppy-moletsane-jasmina-el-bouamraoui-wikipedia-20-anniversary-190221 Iinkhomba]
https://www.bbc.com/news/av/business-46922184
https://www.itsnicethat.com/features/ones-to-watch-2020-karabo-poppy-moletsane-illustration-240220
https://www.cnn.com/style/article/karabo-poppy-south-africa-illustrator-nike-sneakers-spc-intl/index.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20210125193953/https://10and5.com/2020/03/06/karabo-poppy-teams-up-with-netflix-strong-black-lead-for-new-queen-sono-illustration/
https://visi.co.za/rich-mnisi-x-karabo-poppy-capsule-collection-running-errands/
Solomon Kalushi Mahlangu

USolomon Kalushi Mahlangu wabelethwa mhlana amalanga ama-10 kuVelabahlinze ngomnyaka we-1956, ngobuhlanga ubuya esizweni samaNsebele weSewula Afrika. Begade amlweli wekululeko yabantu begodu alilunga lehlangano ye-ANC, uMkhonto wesizwe. UMahlangu wabelethelwa endaweni yange-Doronkop ePumalanga  begodu ungewesithandathu ngakwabo. Ekufundeni kwakhe ungene isikolo semazingeni aphezulu esikolweni esibizwa bona yi-Mamelodi High School begodu isikolwesi savalwa ngebanga lemiguruguru eyayikhona ngomnyaka we-1976 ethinta i-Soweto uprisings. Kanti-ke ngebanga lokulwa nombuso obewukhahlumeza abantu wagwetjwa isigwebo sentambo bewabulawa mhlana amalanga asi-6 kuSihlabantangana ngomnyaka we-1979 aneminyaka ema-22 kwaphela.

UMahlangu waya enarheni ye-Angola wayokulungiselelwa ukuba lijoni begodu bekalilunga lesiqhema esibizwa bona yi-June 16 Detachment ngaphasi kwehlangano yeMK. Unobangela waleli gama kukuthi yena nabanye bebayingcenye yabafundi ebegade basemgurugurwini womnyaka we-1976. Lokhu kwenzeka ngemva kokuthi ayokubhaqa iinyanga ezisithandathu zoke e-Mozambique. Ukubotjhwa nokugwetjwa kwakhe kulandela isiga esenzeka mhlana amalanga ali-13 kuMgwengweni ngomnyaka we-1967 la begade ano-George Mahlangu no-Mondy Motaung eJwanasibhege, bebeze ngesibanga sokuzokuhanganyela nenengi ukuzokukhunjulwa khona okwenzeka mhlana amalanga ali-16 kuMgwengweni bese kwathi kunjalo kwadubuleka abasebenzi ababili, badutjulwa ngu-Motaung lokha nabazama ukubalekela amapholisa nase amapholisa abasolela ngokuthile ngombana bebaphethe amabhege. Kanti enye yamabhege la yawa yaphuma isigidi se-AK47.

Kwathi mhlana amalanga ali-7 kuSinyikhaba ngomnyaka we-1977 kulapho uMahlangu wathoma ukukhamba khona ikhotho, wabendwa ngamaqala wokubulala abantu ababili nanoma begade kungasuye owabadubulako begodu akhange ikhotho ivume bona uMahlangu afake isibawo seenlilo.  Bathi lokha nabazomlengisa uMahlangu wakhuluma amagama wakhe wokugcina asithi,   Kanti ke wangcwatjwa emalibeni we-Mamelodi bewafakelwa ilitje elitlowe amagama wakhe wokugcina.

Ilifa likaMahlangu alithathelwa phasi, kunelitje elakhiweko njengesikhumbuzo lapha  elibizwa bona yi-Solomon Mahlangu Freedom Square e-Mamelodi . Indlela yePitori eyayaziwa ngokuthi yi-Hans Strijdom Drive yatlanywa ngobutjha yathiwa yi-Solomon Mahlangu Drive. Eyunivesithi ye-Witwatersrand umakhiwo we-ofisi lokubuza nokuphatha libizwa bona yi-Solomon Mahlangu House. Kanti-ke, kunefilimu elibizwa bona yiKalushi eveza umlando wakhe nokhunye okunengi, okufaka hlangana i-Solomon Kalushi Mahlangu Scholarship Fund ebhadalela abantwana bona bafunde emayunivesithi.
AUDREY KOZWANA SKHOSANA

Audrey Kozwana Skhosana owabelethwa mhlana kulilanga lokuthoma enyangeni kaRhoboyi ngomnyaka wee-2000 obuya esizweni samaNdebele ungumma wakwaMahlangu. Ngamakghono nokusebenza uyimbongikazi, umlingisi, umvumi begodu ngomunye wabantu abathuthukisa ilimi nesizwe samaNdebele weSewula Afrika eenkundleni zokuthintana. USkhosana ngokubelethwa wabelethwa bewakhulela eLuthuli ekuyindawo engaphasi kukamasipala weThembisile Hani, ePumalanga. USkhosana wajamela isizwe samaNdebele kuNdoni Miss Cultural ngomnyaka wee-2017 begodu wavela tjhatjhalazi nakazakuba yindlovukazi yeNdoni yeSewula Afrika ngawo wona umnyaka loyo. 

Uthe ngomnyaka wee-2020 wathumba ingoma ehlukanisa umnyaka, ngelimi lesiyeni kuthiwa yi-Song Of The Year emrhatjhweni weKwekwezi FM ngengoma yakhe ethi-Ganu ganu lapha abelana khona umbhobho no-King Cube noMega. Kanti ngakho lokhu bekangathomi ukuvela emkhakheni womvumo, kodwana phambilini ukhe wasebenza noLilow NTK engomeni ebizwa bona yipumelelo. Kanti-ke akhange agcine lapho, ubuye waba ngomunye otsonyulwako kuma-SATMA ngaphasi komkhakha wabantu abathuthukisa amalimi wabo eenkundleni zokuthintana ngomnyaka wee-2022. Kuthe nakunjalo waba ngabanye wabavumi abafaka isandla ekwenzeni ingoma noThando Mahlangu ethi Vuka Ndebele ekuyingoma eyenziwe maNdebele begodu umlayezo wengoma leyo uya emaNdebebeleni.  

Hlangana namanye amaphojekthi asekelwe ngeemali yi-NAC, iSiyarhaya yiphrojekthi kaSkhosana. Umnqopho wakhona kukuthi ikhuthaza, ilondoloza beyethula isiNdebele eenkundleni zokuthintana. Yakha amathuba walaba abanekarareko ekurhayeni iinkondlo, ikhulisa umthelela weenkondlo ngokusebenzisa amahlelo wokufunda ngokutlama begodu inikela ngomkhakha wemitlolo ohlanganiswe ngcono begodu ongatjhugulukiko eenkolweni. Kanti-ke, iphrojekthi le isungulwe ngomnyaka wee-2022. 

Okungaphezu kwalokho, uSkhosana unedokhumentari ayigadangise ku-YouTube esele ukubukelwa kwakhona sekungaphezulu kweengidi ezine. Idokhumentari le ibizwa bona yituthuko yethelerina begodu ikhuluma ngokukhula komntwana omntazana oliNdebele. Iveza ukuthi umntazana udlula kiziphi iingaba zokukhula ukusukela lapha amncani khona ukuya la sekalungele khona ukuthi angenda. Iphothulula khulu ivunulo, umlando kanye nelimi.  

## IINKOMBA
Chaeli Mycroft

**U-Michaela "Chaeli" Mycroft** owabelethwa mhlana amalanga ama-30 kuRhoboyi we-1994 umlweli wekghono weSewula Afrika ophila nokukhubazeka kobuchopho othumbe i- International Children's Peace Prize ngo-2011.   Unongorwana lo yimedali unikelwa ngu-Nobel Peace Laureate u-Mairead Maguire . &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

Ngomnyaka wee-2004 u-Mycroft oneminyaka eli-9, udadwabo u-Erin (11), u-Tarryn Terry (12), u-Justine Terry (9), no-Chelsea Terry (6) basungula ijima ebalibizwa ngokuthi yi-The Chaeli Campaign eKapa ukuze babuthelele imali yesihlalo esikhambako sika-Mycroft. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D; Ijimeli sele seliphethe amahlelo alikhomba athinta ipilo yabazuzi abangaphezu kwe-7,000 qobe mnyaka.&#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

Kuthi lokha ngomnyaka wee-2012, eMhlanganweni wePhasi we-Nobel Peace Laureates e-Chicago, wanikelwa iMedali ye-Peace Summit for Social Activism ngu-Nobel Peace Laureate u-FW de Klerk, egameni labo boke abavunyelwe i-Nobel Peace Laureate .  Bese kuthi ngomnyaka wee-2013 u-Mycroft watlonyeliswa nge-World of Children (isigaba selutjha)  ehlonipha umuntu omncani ongaphasi kweminyaka ema-21 owenze igalelo elikhulu empilweni zabanye abantwana.

Lokha mhlana amalanga ama-3 kuNobayeni ngomnyaka wee-2015, nakaneminyaka ema-21, u-Mycroft waba mumuntu omsikazi wokuthoma okhubazekileko ukukhwela [[Intaba iKilimanjaro|i-Mount Kilimanjaro]] ephasini le-Tanzania, ekuyintaba ephakeme khulu e-Afrika. Wagidinga ilanga lakhe lokubelethwa entabeni leyo. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D; 

U-Mycroft wenza umlando mhlana amalanga ama-29 kuMrhayili ngomnyaka wee-2016, kanye bano-Anita Engelbrecht, ngokuba badlali bokuthoma abakhamba ngeenhlalo ezinamavili ukuqeda i -Comrades Marathon, umgijimo we-ultramarathon wamakhilomitha ama-89 hlangana ne-Pietermaritzburg ne-Durban.  Lokhu bekukokuthoma emlandwini weminyaka ema-95 womnyanya lo ukuthi mdlali wesihlalo sabakhubazekileko aphumelele okwenza bona abahleli bakhuthazeke boma batjhuhulule imithetho. Abagijimi abakhamba ngeenhlalo zabakhubazekileko bebakhandelwa bona bazibandakanye. 

## Iinkomba

## Amalinki wangaphandle

* 
*
Ikhaya nendlu.

**Ikhaya nendlu** ngezinye zezinto eziqakathekileko epilweni yomuntu. Ukungezelela, ukuqakatheka kwazo kuyahluka ebantwini ebahlukeneko. Nanyana kunjalo, abanye abantu bazithatha kwangathi zizinto ezifanako; kodwana, azifani. Ekulumenipendulwano elandeko zizokutjheja bonyana kuyini ikhaya begodu kuyini indlu.

## Kuyini ikhaya?
Ngokuya kweGrammarly (2025), ikhaya kuyindlu leyo ehlala abantu abamndeni begodu eyenza iinkathi zekhumbulo. Iinkathi zekhumbulo lezi zifaka hlangana ubuhle nombi umndeni ohlangabenzana nakho. Ukungezelela, ikhaya linokufudumala, ithabo, ukutjhaphuluka kanye nevileko lomkhumbulo (Karjalainen 1993; Habitat for Humanity: Canada 2025). Ikhaya lenza abantu bonyana bajayelane begodu babumbane ngomnqopho wokuphila ngeendlela ezifanako kanye neemfundiso ezifanako (Karjalainen 1993). Ezinye zeemfundiso lezi kungenzeka bonyana zisuka kibokhokho begodu zinomthelela wesiko.

## Kuyini indlu?
Ngokuya kweBritannica Dictionary (2025) indlu kumakhiwo loyo ohlala abantu nanyana umndeni othize. Ukungezelela, indlu ingahlala abantu abahlukileko abangasimndeni begodu ababuya eendaweni ezahlukileko (Perkins, uThorns noWinstanley 2008). Esikhathini esinengi, abantu abahlala lapho kungafunyaniseka bonyana baqatjhile.

## Isintu sithini ngekhaya nendlu.
Ngokuya ngokwesintu, ikhaya kuyindawo ehlala abazali labo abathetheneko nanyana abatjhadileko nomndeni wabo. Kanti ngakwelinye ihlangothi, indlu kumakhiwo lapho kuhlala khona abantu abangakathathani nanyana abangakatjhadi nofana abantu abazihlaleleko. Esikhathini esinengi, imisebenzi yesintu, ayenziwa endlini, yenziwa ekhaya ngombana kuyindawo ekungenwe bekwahlala ngokomthetho wesintu.

## Isiphetho.
Ikhaya nendlu kungenzeka bonyana kuthathwa njengento yinye kodwana azifani. Nanyana imisebenzi yazo ipheze ifanele nje, kukhona la zihluka khona. Begodu, isikhathi sekhumbulo, ukufudumala nevikeleko langakomkhumbulo lekhaya alifani nelendlu. 

## Izithenjwa
Amakhotho weNdabuko

Amakhotho wendabuko adlala indima ekulu emphakathini mayelana nokulawulwa kwabantu kanye nokulandelwa komthetho. Amakhotho wendabuko nanyana ikambiso yawo ingafani patsi namakhotho wesikhuwa; kodwana, iminqopho yona iyafana. Eenhlokwaneni ezilandelako sizokutjheja bona lokha nakukhulunywa ngamakhotho wendabuko kukhulunywa ngani begodu imisebenzi yawo iyini.

## Khuyini ikhotho yendabuko na?
Ngokuya kukaSomaru noRautenbach (2020) ikhotho yendabuko yindawo leyo egunyazwe ngokomthetho wesiko lesitjhaba esithize ukuze izokuqalana nemiraro ekhona ephakathini wesitjhaba leso. Ukungezelela, amakhotho wendabuko alawulwa nanyana adoswa phambili badosiphambili bendabuko njengenduna, ikosana, iKosi nanyana iNgwenyama (Demographic Governance and Right Unit 2020). Ikhotho yendabuko yaziwa khulu ngokuthi yiBandla.

Amakhotho wendabuko atholakala koke la kubusa khona abadosiphambili bendabuko ngokungakhathaleleki bonyana kusemakhaya, eengoga nanyana emadobheni (Demographic Governance and Right Unit 2020). UVan Rooyen (2023) waveza bonyana umkhandlu nanyana abalawuli bekambiso yekhotho yendabuko bangafaka hlangana induna, umdosiphambili wendabuko omkhulu, ikosi, indlovukazi kanye nengwenyama lapho kukghonakalako. Ngamanye amagama, umkhandlu olawula ikambiso nanyana ukuhlala kwamakhotho wendabuko, kufanele ufake amalunga ahlukileko nabadlalindima abahlukileko ukuze kube nokujameleka kwawo woke amahlangothi wabantu nomphakathi.

Amalunga womkhandlu wekhotho yendabuko labo alawula ukuhlala kwayo akukateleleki bonyana abe neziqu njengoba kwenziwa kumakhotho wesikhuwa (Himoga noManjoo 2009). Kodwana, kufanele kube babantu abanelwazi tle mayelana namasiko, ilimi, imiraro eyahlukeneko yabantu nemiphakathi (UmThetho wamaKhotho weNdabuko 2022). Esihlokweni esilandelako sizokutjheja umsebenzi yamakhotho wendabuko.

## Imisebenzi yeBandla
Imisebenzi yeBandla nanyana ikhotho yendabuko ifaka hlangana le elandelako:

# Ukurarulula iindaba eziphathelene nokutlhala hlangana kwemindeni embili nanyana abantu ababili (Demographic Governance and Right Unit 2020)
# Ukulalela nokugweba endabeni nanyana iqala lobulelesi (UmThetho wamaKhotho weNdabuko 2022).
# Ukuqalela nokuthatha isiqunto mayelana neqala eliphathelene nemali engadluli ku-R15 000.00 (Demographic Governance and Right Unit 2020).
# Ukulalela nokurarulula iindaba eziphathelene nokubandlululana (UmThetho wamaKhotho weNdabuko 2022).
# Ukuletha ukuthula eemphakathini.

## Isiphetho
Ikhotho yendabuko nanyana iBandla liqakatheke khulu eemphakathini esiphila kiwo ngombana lenza isiqiniseko sokuthi abantu bahlalisana kuhle begodu akugadangwana iinzwani. Ukungezelela, lenza isiqiniseko sokuthi abantu baphathwa ngokulingana. Kuqakathekile bonyana sizwisise ukuthi liyini iBandla nanyana ikhotho yendabuko begodu isebenza ini.

## Umthombolwazi
I-Roben island

**I-Roben Island** kuyindawo lapho etholakala egwini le-Cape town, enarheni yeSewula afrika. Indawo le ngenye yendawo ezikhumbuza iSewula Afrika ngezolo layo elibuhlungu langesikhathi sombuso wegandelelo. Eminyakeni eyadlulako ngaphambi kobana kuthome umbuso wentando yenengi eSewula afrika, indawo leya beyitjenziswa njengendawo yokujezisa neyokubopha abantu abavukela umbuso. Kukulapho indawo le yaziwa khona njengejele elabe ligadwe khulu, ngesibanga sokugada abantu ababotjhwe kilo.

### Ipilo ejele ngesikhathi sombuso wegandelelo
Indawo le ngesikhathi sombuso wegandelelo yathoma umsebenzi wokuthi kuvalelwe kiyo abantu ekhabe balwisana nombuso wegandelelo, nabanye abasopolitiki ekhabe balwela ikululeko. Ipilo ejele le beyaziwa ngokuthi ihlukanisa iimbotjhwa nabantu, ukusebenzisa iimbotjhwa nzima, nesihlungu. Imbotjhwa zakhona ezinye bezisetjenziswa kukhwari yelitje le lime. Iimbotjhwa ejele ye roben island zabe zihlukunyezwa emzimbeni nemmoyeni, beziphiwa Ukudla okuncani, begodu zihlezi nakabuhlungu. Imbotjhwa khabe zigade khulu ukuphula ithemba kilabo ekhabe balwisana nombuso webandlululo. Nanyana bekunjalo lokho akhange kuvimbe iimbotjhwa zangaleso skhathi ukuthi zifunde begodu ziragele phambili nokufuna ikululeko.

### Abantu abavalelwa ERoben Island
UNelson Mandela owabe amdosi phambili wehlangano ye- ANC (*African National Congress*) wabotjhwa ejele le iminyaka ema-18, kusekela ngonyaka we-1964 ukuya ngonyaka we1982. UNelson Mandela wadlala indima yokwenza bonyana iimbotjhwa zibumbane entronkweni, waraga ukulelwa ikululeko nanyana bekavalelwe. Wahlukaniswa nomndeni wakhe akhange avunyelwe bonyana ayokubulunga unina Kanye nendodana yakhe ekulu. Abanye abantu ababotjwa e-Roben Island ngu Walter Sisulu, Govan Mbeki no Robert Sibukwe.  

Robert Sobukwe yena wabe amdosi phambili wehlangano ye-*Pan African Congress* (PAC) yena nakavalelwako wabekwa ayedwa bonyana kungabi nabantu abamvakatjhelako. USobukwe wenzelwa umthetho okhethekileko owawubizwa nge”Sobukwe Clause” ukwenzele ukuthi avalelwe yedwa ngejele. Wakatelelwa bonyana atjhugulule umkhumbulo wakhe  wokuthoma umnyakazo wokulwisana nombuso wegandelelo kodwana akhange avume. UWalter Sisulu wagwetjwa isisgwebo sepilo yakhe yoke ejele ngombana watholakala azibandakanye  emnyakazweni wokulwisana nombuso wegandelelo.Wahlala ejele pheze iminyaka emam-20. Ngonyaka we-1982 wasuswa wasiwa ePollsomor ekuyijele eseduze nekapa, ekukulapho waragela khona phambili wajamela ukuphela kombuso wegandelelo.

### ukuraga kwe-Roben island ngemva kombuso wegandelelo
Ngemva  kokuthi kuphele umbuso wegandelelo I-Robenisland yenziwa yabo yindawo yamagugu ye- UNESCO ngonyaka we-1999, lokho kwenziwa kukobana kwabe kubonwa umlando  wayo oqakathekileko  nokuthumba kwemiphefumulo wabantu phezulu kokubandlululana. Eskhathini sanje ijele sele yenziwe I myuziyemu nethswayo lethemba, ikululeko kanye nentando yenengi. Abayeni abavela endaweni ezihlukahlukeneko zephasi bakghona  ukuthatha ikhambo elidoswa phambili mumuntu, bese umuntu loyo abakhombise amakamero wangejele lapho bekulala khona iimbotjhwa bese abakhombise nalapho kune khwari yelitje le- lime.

## Iinkomba
Internet Colonial Company

Ngokwesiko, uma kubuzwa umbuzo, kumele uphendulwe. Ngokomlando, amakampani akoloni, kusukela kakhulu (njengeBritish neDutch East India Companies) kuya kumaqembu amancane, ayevame ukuba ngamathuluzi ezinjongweni zikahulumeni noma ukucabanga ngezimali. Amanye awo, ngaphansi kwezinhloso ezinhle njengokukhanyisa noma ukwenza abantu babe ngamaKristu, ayenqenqema ngempela. Isibonelo yinqubomgomo yeBritish East India Company, eyayixhaphaza abantu bendawo naphezu kwezimiso zayo ezazimemezela.

I-ICC imemezela umsebenzi ohluke ngokuyisisekelo. Inhloso yethu ukwenza "ukoloni" emkhathini wedijithali—hhayi ngamandla, kepha ukukhulula ulwazi ezinhlakeni, ngokombono wethu, ezingazinaki ukwehlukana kwezamasiko. Isibonelo, i-Wikipedia yesiNdebele saseNingizimu isivele isaba uphawu lokunganakwa kwezizwe ezincane ngamakampani amakhulu. Sihlose ukudonsa ukunakwa kwalolu daba ngokuyiguqula ibe yinkundla lapho ulwazi lulondolozwa khona ngaphandle kokuhluza noma ukucwaswa.

Isimo sethu sisuselwa ekukhalipheni amagugu angokobuKristu, izindlela ezinengqondo, nenkululeko yobuciko. Sikholelwa ukuthi noma iyiphi indlela yokubonisa ubuciko inenani ngokwemvelo futhi kufanele ibe khona ngaphandle kwemingcele ebekiwe ngabacabangi be-left wing. Ngalesi sizathu, i-IPC iphikisa ama-Marxist aseNtshonalanga agomela ukwenziwa kwezombono zibe zilodwa.

Ukukhetha ukuvikela le mibono kudinga umzamo. Silwa impi engenamona ne-leftism, ubuholi bezwe, ubucommunism, i-eco-extremism, ukubaluleka kwempahla, umkhuba wemali nobulili, kanye nokukhuthazwa kwezinto eziphikisana nothando lukaNkulunkulu.

I-History:

Ukuhlubuka Kwe-Intanethi!
Esperanto

Lulula ukulufunda: Uhlaka lolimi (grammar) lulula futhi alikho okungajwayelekile.

Luyimfihlo (Neutral): Alikho lelizwe, ngakho alichemi abantu.

Umphakathi womhlaba wonke: Kukhona abakhulumi be-Esperanto emazweni onke, abahlangana ngezinkundla zomphakathi (nk. Pasporta Servo).

Uhlaka lolimi lwe-Esperanto (Grammar):

Amagama asuselwa kwingcambu (Root words): Isibonelo, kwingcambu "san-" (impilo):

sana = e-nempilo (healthy)

malsana = isigula (sick)

malsanule = isibhedlela (hospital)

Izimpawu zamagama (Part-of-speech endings):

Ibizo (Noun): -o (nk. hundo = inja)

Isiphawulo (Adjective): -a (nk. rapida = esheshayo)

Isenzo (Verb): -i (nk. lerni = ukufunda)

Izikhathi zezenzo (Verb tenses):

Namuhla (Present): -as (mi legas = ngifunda)

Edlule (Past): -is (mi legis = ngafunda)

Ezosayo (Future): -os (mi legos = ngizofunda)

Awakho amagama aphambene nezinhlelo (No irregular words): Yonke into ilandelana nemithetho.

Okubalulekile: I-Esperanto ayilwimi lwezinkampani noma ubulwani—lwenzelwe ukulingana nobungane. Abafundi abaningi bathi ukufunda izilimi zomhlaba (nk. IsiFulentshi) kuba lula ngemuva kwe-Esperanto.
UDorh. Lungile Mabhena

**ULungile Monica Mabhena** ngomunye wabantu abatjha abadlala indima emphakathini wamaNdebele. Umtloli, imbongi, umeluleki wendabuko nonamatalente amanengana kwezobukghwari. Ngaphezu kwalokho ungutitjhere oneziqu ze-*Bachelors of Education,* begodu wahlonitjhwa nge-*Honorary Doctorate* ngebanga lendima ayidlalileko emphakathini. Mtloli wokuthoma wemitlolo yesiNdebele ukutjhejwa yi-*Afrika Digital*, bewakhethwa njengembongi ekhamba phambili ku-*Mzansi Art’s and Media Awards* (MAMA). Wathola isitifiketi seZimbabwe ngebanga lokukhuluma eenkundleni zokuthintana ngesiNdebele. 

ULungile Mabhena wabelethelwa endaweni ye-Tweefontein C kwaNdebele, abelethwa nguSamuel Mabhena noJosephine Masombuka ngomhla ka-28 December 1999. Wathoma ukufunda esikolweni samabanga aphasi i-*Hlobisa Primary School,* nakaqeda waya e-*Sifunda Khona Primary School,* ngemva kwalokho wayokufunda kwesamabanga aphakathi i-Siphiwe Combined School, bese waqedelela ngokufunda kwesamabanga aphezulu e-*Vukuzame Secondary School* okukulapho aqeda khona ukufunda. Ithando lakhe ngokuba yimbongi.

## Iindima Ayidlalako

UDorh. Lungile Mabhena unamatjhaneli eenkundleni zokuthintana aluleka abantu abatjha nabantu baboke ngendlela efaneleko yokwenza amasiko nekambiso yesiNdebele neyesintu, okumkhakha abantu abatjha abangakavami ukutholakali. Abuye eluleke nangendlela yokuziphatha kwabantu abatjha esikweni. Lokho ukwenza ngitjho nemrhatjhweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho sekunemitlolo abandakanyeke kiyo ethuthukisa ilimi lesiNdebele. Uneenkondlo azitlolileko ezitholakala encwadini ethi Vukani Kusile.

Incwadi ethi Vukani Kusile libuthelelo leenkondlo, eziveza ubudisi esizithola siqalana nabo sima-Sewula Afrika. Khumbula bona ukuhlunguphazwa kwabantu bengubo kudlange komlilo wesikhotha lapha enarheni yekhethu, kanti abobaba nabo bavela barhabile bathi nathi silila sona leso isililo sokuhlunguphazwa bomma. Nanyana kunjalo, incwadi le imumethe umlayezo wokubuyisana, ithando nokuzwelana ubuhlungu. Iimbongi nofana abatloli bencwadi le, benze okusemandleni wabo bona umamukelilwazi osebujameni nanyana ngabe ngibuphi azithole sele athobekile nofana akhandeleka.

## Nasi imitlomelo atlonyeliswe ngayo

* 2008 - Umtlomelo Wokubeka Ikulumo Ekhamba Phambili - *Award for Best Speech*
* 2011 - Umtlomelo Wokubeka Ikulumo Ekhamba Phambili - *Award for Best Speech*
* 2024 - *IsiNdebele Content Writer for Afrika Digital*
* 2024 - Wafunama i-*Honorary Doctorate*

ULungile Mabhena usibonelo ebantwini abatjha sokudlala indima ekuthuthukiseni umphakathi ngamakghono ahlukahlukeneko.

Nakazikhulumelako uthi: "Ngiyakuthabela ukutlola ngomlando, ilimi, ikolo yesintu namasiko bona ngifundise abantu, ngombana njengama-Afrika sathathelwa ubuthina bethu. Kuqakathekile kimi ukwenza abantu bazi bona bangaphila ngesiko lesi-Afrika, bazihlanganise nekolo yesi-Afrika kunokuthi balahleke emasikweni wakosobani angabasizi ngalitho."

## Iinkhombo
Ukugula Kwengqondo

**Ukugula kwengqondo** (*Mental Disoder*) libuthelelo lokugula kwengqondo okuhlukahlukeneko, okungaba kuhlangahlangana emcabangweni, emizweni, endleleni umutu aqala ngayo izinto nekuziphatheni kwakhe. Ukugula komkhumbulo kungabangela umuntu bona agandeleleke namkha atshwenyeke ngokudluleleko, abone, ezwe izinto ezingekho bese lokho kuthinte nomsebenzi wakhe wokuziphilisa kuhlanganise nomdenakhe. Ukugulokhu kujayeleke khulu begodu kungaphatha nanyana ngubani, kungakhathaliseki bona umumuntu wengubo nofana omduna. Akukhethi bona unemali nofana awa.

## Imihlobo Yokugula Kwengqondo
Ukugula kwengqondo kuhlukaniswe nganasi indlela:

* Ukutshwenyeka Ngokudluleleko. Ukugula lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuthukwa khulu nanokutshwenyeka khulu ngezinto ezizokwenzeka namkha ngezinto afuna zenzeke.
* Ukugandeleleka. Ukugula lokhu kwenza umuntu agandeleleke khulu, khulukhulu ngezinto ezenzeke esikhathini esidlulileko,  azizwe angakathabi, angakhanuki ukwenza litho, bekuthinte nendlela alala nadla ngayo.
* Ukutjhugutjhuguluka kwemizwa. Ukugula lokhu kwenza umuntu atjhugulule imizwa yakhe qobe sikhathi. Angathaba khulu godu ngokuphazima kwelihlo azizwe adane khulu.
* Ukuhlanya. Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo okubangela umuntu abone izinto ezibonwa nguye yedwa, bekezwa nemidumo ezwiwa nguye yedwa, namkha abe nomuzwa wokuthinta izinto ezingekho.
* Ukungadli ngendlela efaneleko. Ukuthikaziseka kwengqondo okubangela umuntu angadli ngendlela efaneleko bese kuthinte indlela umuntu aqaleka ngayo.
* Ukusebenzisa kumbi iindakamizwa. Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okukwenza ungasakhoni ukuphila ngaphandle kotshwala neendakamizwa.

## Ongakwenza nange uqalene Nokhunye Kokugula Okubaliweko

* *Rhaba ufune isizo zisuka*: Kuqakatheke khulu ukurhaba ufune isizo nange ubona amatshwayo wokugula nofana kungeze kwakuqeda ukugula lokho kodwana kungenza uthole imitjhoga etlhogekako msinyana.

* *Thola imitjhoga ekhambelana nawe*: Amagulo la awafani yeke kuqakatheke khulu ukuthola imitjhoga ekhambelana nokugula okuphethe wena mathupha.

* *Thola isekelo*: Kuqakatheke khulu ukuba nesekelo kungathaliseki bone livela kubangani nofana emdenini. Ukuthola ilwazi elinengi ngendlela ongakghona ngayo ngokugulokhu kungaba lirhelebho elikhulu.

## Okufuze Ukwazi Ngokugula Kwengqondo
Okokuthona okufuze ukwazi ngabantu abaqalene nokugula kwengqondo ukuthi bakuthola kubudisi ukuqalana nezinto ekufuze zenziwe ilanga nelanga. Abanye bakuthola kubudisi ukubulunga ubudlelwane obuhle nabangani nofana umndeni. Abanye bakuthola kubudisi ukwenza umsebenzi wabo wokuziphilisa nofana ukwenza umsebenzi wesikolo nange bafunda. Ukugula loku kwenza ukuphila kwaqobe langa kube budisi.

Okwesibili kukuthi ukugula lokhu abe akusilo ihlazo kungaphatha nanyana ngubani, yeke akukafuzi uzizwe unamahloni bewusabe nokufuna irhelebho. Ukufuna kwakho irhelebho kuzobe kutjengisa ukuhlakanipha nokuhluzeka. Akukafuzi uphathwe ziinhloni, banengi tle abantu abaphila nokugula kwengqondo.

Okwamaswaphela ukuthi ikhona imitjhoga namapilisi ongayisebenzisa begodu bakhona nabodorhodera abasebenza ngokugula kwengqondo. Kuqakatheke khulu ukuba nabantu abazokusekela bebazwisise ukugula oqalane nakho.

## Iinkhombo
Ukutshwenyeka Ngokudluleleko

**Ukutshwenyeka** mumuzwa ovamileko wokutshwenyeka, ukuhlangahlangana nokungahlaliseki. Umuzwa lo ungaba lisizo kobunye ubujamo, njengokusiyelelisa engozini. Nanyana kunjalo ukutshwenyeka ngokudluleleko (anxiety) kukwesaba okudluleleko namkha ukutshwenyeka khulu okungaliya ipilwakho. Ukugulokhu kuyalapheka ngeteraphi nangemitjhoga. Ukutshwenyeka ngokudluleleko kungaziveza ngamatshwayo abonakalako, njengalokha ihliziyo nayibetha khulu, ukujuluka, ukuqhaqhazela, kunye nemizwa ekhambisana nokutshwenyeka khulu, nobudisi bokudzimelela kilokho okwenzako.

## Amatshwayo Wokutshwenyeka Ngokudluleleko
Amatshwayo avamileko wokutshwenyeka okudluleleko abandakanya naku okulandelako:

* Ukuzizwa uhlangahlangene, ungakahlaliseki namkha ungakatjhaphuluki.
* Ukuzizwa ngasuthi kunengozi ezako, ukutjharagana.
* Ukubethela phezulu kwehliziyo.
* Ukuphefumula msinya.
* Ukujuluka.
* Ukuqhaqhazela.
* Ukuzizwa udiniwe ungenamdlandla.
* Ukungakghoni ukudzimelela kilokho okwenzako ngaphandle kokutshwenyeka.
* Ukungakghoni kuhle ukulala.
* Ukukhanjiswa yisisu nokuluma emathunjini.
* Ukuba budisi ukulawula ukutshwenyeka kwakho.
* Ukuba omuzwa wokufuna ukubalekela izinto ezikutshwenyako.

## Ongakwenza Nawutshwenyeke Ngokudluleleko
Ngokwewebhusayidi ye-Mayo Clinic, kunezinto ongazenza nawuqalene nokugulokhu.

# Balekela utjwala neendakamizwa. Izintwezi zingabhebhedlhisa ubujamo kunokuthi zibenze bube ngcono. Nangabe awukghoni ukuzilisa izintwezi tjhinga kezamaphilo namkha uthole isiqhema esisekela abantu abafuna ukulisa utjwala needakamizwa.
# Idla ukudla okunepilo. Ukudla okunepilo okungaba mirorho, iinthelo, ukudla okuziinthoro nefesi kungehlisa ukutshwenyeka khulu.
# Zazi izinto ezingakwenza utshwenyeke khulu. Funda ngobujamo nangezenzo ezingakwenza ugandeleleke namkha zikhuphule ukutshwenyeka kwakho ngokudluleleko. Zifundise iindledlana zokuthuthukisa ipilwehle yengqondo etjhiwe ngudorhoderakho wengqondo khona uzokukghona ukuqalana nemizwa le.
# Hlala uzibandula emzimbeni. Zibekele ihlelo lokuzibandula emzimbeni  amalanga amanengana evekeni. Ukuzibandula kunamandla ekwehliseni ukutshwenyeka ngokudluleleko, kukwenze uzizwe kamnandi uhlale uphilile.
# Funda ngokugula kwakho kwengqondo Khuluma nesiqhema sezamaphilo uthole bona yini le ekubangela bona utshwenyeke ngokudluleleko nemitjhoga neteraphi engakusebenzela.
Ukutshwenyeka kungenzeka kungakhambi khona ngokwako begodu kungathuwelela isikhathi nasikhambako nangabe umuntu akalifuni isizo. Yeke kungaba kuhle bona umuntu abone abodorhodere bengqondo ngaphambi kobana ukutshwenyeka ngokudluleleko kuthuwelele.
MBUSI MAHLANGU

UMbusi Mahlangu yiNgwenyama yamaNdebele wakwaNzunza. Wabelethwa mhlana amalanga ama-4 kuMrhayili ngomnyaka we-1985 eMthambothini ePumalanga. Ubelethwa ngumma uSiphila Dlamini weSwazini ebukhosini bakwaNgwane, uyikosazana ebelethwa yiNgwenyama uSobhuza Dlamini. Ungomunye wabogogo besizwe hlangana kilaba abakhona, kanti-ke ngenani abogogo besizwe sakwaNzunza bahlanu begodu uNyumbabo Cornelias Mahlangu oyiNgwenayma uMayitjha II nguye uyise likaMbusi Mahlangu. UMahlangu ubelethwa bewulanywa bantwana abapheze bamatjhumi amabili, kubalwa hlangana ikosazana uMbali Mahlangu ongusomarhwebo. UMahlangu wahlala esihlalweni sakhe sobukhosi aba yiNgwenyama uMabhoko wesithathu ngomnyaka wee-2005, ubukhosobu ubuthatha kuyise lokha nakazakubhubha ngawo wona umnyaka lo. 

INgwenyama uMabhoko III uhlobana nesizwe nobobukhosi beSwazini njengombana kusekhabomkhulu, nakabona iNgwenyama uMswati III uthi malume bese abuye ahlobane nesizwe kanye nobukhosi bakwaZulu njengombana yena neNgwenyama uMisizulu babomntamama okutjho ukuthi abomma babo babelethwa ngubaba munye. Okukhona kukuthi ngomnyaka wee-2005 ikomitjhi yobudosiphambili ngobukhosi bendabuko elawula ubukhosi eSewula Afrika ebizwa bona yiNhlapho Commision yathatha isiqunto sokobana ubungwenyama ngakwaNzunza bungasaba khona buphethe ngeNgwenyama uMabhoko III bese amaNdebele woke weSewula Afrika wakwaNzunza newakwaManala abuswe yingwenyama yinye ekuyiNgwenyama uMakhosoke II.  

Qobe mnyaka ngenyanga kaNobayeni mhlana malanga ama-19 kuba nesikhumbuzo seNgwenyama uNyabela erholweni lakwaNzunza lapho ubukhosi bakwaNzunza Mabhoko bumema isizwe soke bona sizokugidinga ilangeli, kulapho iNgwenyama uMabhoko III ikhuluma khona nesizwe sakhe. Irholo lakwaNzunza Mabhoko kulapho ipi yamaNdebele namabhunu yenzeka khona. 

INgwenyama uMabhoko III uragela phambili ngokubusa isizwe sakhe, ukhe wavakatjhelwa nguMongameli wenarha u-Cyril Ramaphosa ngomnyaka wee-2024 lapha kwaba khona nekulumo yangemsithelweni phakathi kwesigodlo sakwaNzunza Mabhoko nomongameli wenarha.  Kanti namanye amarhwebo azuza ngenarha yamaNdebele ayavakatjhelwa njengayo-SASOL.