Itheminografi

## Itheminografi

### Isingeniso
Itheminografi Sifundo esiphathelene nemisebenzi, izenzo, isakhiwo, amarhubhululo, namahlelo amayelana nethemiloji. Ngamanye amagama, koke okwenzekako lokha nakwakhiwa itheminoloji kufikela la isetjenziswa beyifundwa khona kubizwa ngokuthi yitheminografi. 
 
Itheminografi kumkhakha okhethekileko loyo ofuna amakghonofundwa akhethekileko afana nomhlolimphoso, umrhubhululi welimi, ababutheleli data, abahlungi data, abatlami betheminoloji kanye nabalawuli bamahlelo nanyana amaphrojekhthi. Lokhu kusivezela bonaitheminographi inabe khulu ngaphakathi begodu yenziwe ziingcenye zinengi lezo ezisebenzisanako. 
 
Lokha nakutlanywa itheminoloji kuthonywa ngokubuthelela idata yomkhakha loyo ozabe ukhethiwe bonyana kuzokwakhiwa itheminoloji yawo. Ithi ingabuthelelwa, ihlungwe begodu irhumutjhwe idata le. Ngemva kokuhlungwa, idatha le iba mniningwana. Ukusuka lapho umniningwana lo ukghedlwe ngokuya ngokweengcezu zawo zekulumo, ihlathululo, umkhakha nobujamo bawo. Ukusuka lapho kwakhiwe ithemiloji etja. Lokha nasele kwakhiwe itheminoloji etja, umniningwana loyo uba lilwazi njengombana sele usetjenzisiwe begodu kunelwazi bonyana uyini, umnqopho wawo yini begodu umhlake njani kuneminye. 
 
Amaqhinga wokwakha itheminoloji manengi. Kodwana, ilimi lidlala indima ekulu ekukhetheni amaqhinga angasebenza elimini lelo. Amange amaqhinga asetjenziswa ukwakha itheminoloji ngila:
 
### Ukusebenzisa ithemu elifanako ngelimi eliqothelweko
Kwesinye isikhathi uthola bonyana ithemu lelilimi elimsuka kukhona elikhambisana nalo nanyana elifana nalo ngehlathululo nangomqopho. Nakunjalo, kuthathwa lona. 
 
Isibonelo: teach [English] – fundisa [isiNdebele].
Ithemu leli, teach le-English litjho into eyodwa naleli lesiNdebele elithi, -fundisa. Ngalokho-ke, akudingeki bonyana kwakhiwe elinye ithemu. 

### Ukukwakha ngokunciphisa
Leli qhinga lisebenzisa indlela yokunciphisa ithemu lelimi elimsuka ukwakha ithemu elimini eliqothelweko. Kodwana, nanyana ithemu lelimi elimsuka lelo lincitjhiswa, kufanele litlolwe ngelimi eliqothelweko begodu likhambisane nomthetho welimi eliqothelweko.
Isibonelo: Refrigerator (English) – Ifriji (isiNdebele).
Ithemu leli, refrigerator le English lincitjhisiwe lenziwa ifriji. Kodwana nanyana kunjalo, litlolwe ngesiNdebele begodu kwafakwa isithomo nephimiso lamatjhada wesiNdebele. 
Ukutjhugulula ngegama ngegama 

Leli iqhinga lisebenzisa indlela yokutjhugulula igama ngalinye ngendlela akhamba ngayo nanyana alandelana ngayo ukusuka elimi elimsuka ukuya elimini eliqothelweko. Elimi eliqothelweko kufanele itjhugululo lamagama la lilandelane njengoba belilandelene elimini elimsuka.
Isibonelo: Department of Education (English) – UmNyango wezeFundo (isiNdebele).
Nasiqala isibonelo esingehla sifunyana ithemu umnyango ngelimi eliqothelweko (isiNdebele) lelo elithi Department (English) ngelimi elimsuka. Wobamili amagama la asekuthomeni emalimi womabili. Amathemu la, of education (English) athi ngesiNdebele (ngelimi eliqothelweko) wezefundo begodu alandelana njengoba ahlezi kiwo woke amalimi la. 
 
### Ukubizwa kwethemu kunjalo
Indlela yokubiza ithemu linjalo yindlela lapho ithemu liphinyiswa njengoba linjalo kodwana kusetjenziswe amatjhada welimi eliqothelweko.
Isibonelo: machine (English) – umtjhini (isiNdebele) 
La ithemu machine, lisetjenziswe linjalo ukusuka ku-English ukuya esiNdebeleni kodwana kwasetjenziswa amatjhada welimi lesiNdebele. Ukungezelela, woke amatjhada welimi elimsuka, angekho elimi eliqothelweko (isiNdebele) afana no-ch, ajanyiselwe ngo-tjh. Lokhu kungombana igama leli kufanele likhambisane nomthetho wokutlola nokupeleda wesiNdebele.  

Ukuhlanganisa amagama amabili ukwenza ithemu linye
Leli qhinga lisebenzisa amagama amabili lawo atjho izinto ezihlukileko ukuwahlanganisa bese atjho into yinye. Esikhathini esinengi akukakateleki bonyana amagama lawo abuye emkhakheni owodwa ngesikhathi ahlanganiswa. 
Isibonelo: umtjhiningqondo (computer)  

Ithemu leli umtjhininqgondo lakhiwe magama amabili lawo akhona ukuzijamela, umtjhini + ingqondo. Amathemu la bekatjho izinto ezihlukileko kodwana ahlanganiswa bonyana atjho i-computer. Lo umhlobo wamathemu ubizwa bonya mabizomvango. 

### Isiphetho
Itheminografi kusifundo esiqakathekileko ekuthuthukiseni ilimi ngombana ngaso soke isikhathi kuba nezinto ezitja ezivelako lezo ezifuna amathemi amatjha. Ukwakhiwa kwamathemu nakho kufaka izinto ezinengi njengamaqhinga wokwakha mathemu lawo ekufanelwe esetjenziswe kuhle.