ILanga LaboMma

**ILanga laboMma** lilanga eligidingwa qobe mnyaka eSewula Afrika ngomhla ka-9 kuRhoboyi. Ilangeli likhumbula isenzakalo esenzekka ngomnyaka wango-1956 lokha abomma abanzima babamba umtjhagalo omayelana nokuphasiswa kwemiThetho yePasa ebafazini ngesikhathi somBuso weBandlululo. Umthetho lo wawutlanyelwe ukugandelela abomma bona bangakghoni ukuzenzela. Yeke abomma abangaba zii-20 000 bamatjha batjhinga e-*Union Building* ePitori bona bafake isinghonghoyilo esiphikisana nomThetho i-*Population Registration Act* bona nabazokukhamba eSewula Afrika kufuze bahlale baphethe ipasa. 

ILanga laboMma aligidingi isenzakalweso kwaphela, kodwana ligidinga nezinye izenzakalo lapho kunabomma ababa mavulandlela kilenarha yeSewula Afrika kusukela ngo-1913, lokha abomma abanjengo-Charlotte Maxeke basungula iLigi yaboMma (*Womens League*) ehlanganweni ye-ANC ekhuthaza abomma bona bazibandakanye ekulweleni itjhaphuluko. Amavulandlela la ahlanganisa nabo-Cissy, u-Jaynab no-Amina Gool, ebebaphakathi kwabadosiphambili be-*National Liberation League* nebe-*Non-European United Front* yangabo-1930. Ngikho nje inyanga kaRhoboyi yoke nje kuyinyanga ekhethelwe ukugidinga abomma boke beSewula Afrika nokugidinga labo abadlale indima ekulwelweni kwamalungelo wobuntu.

## Ukusungulwa KweLanga LaboMma
ILanga laboMma lagidingwa kokuthoma ngomhla ka-9 kuRhuboyi 1994 ngesikhathi iSewula Afrika iba yiriphabliki yedemokhrasi. Umhla ka-9 kaRhoboyi wamenyezelwa bona uzokuba yiholideyi lapha amaSewula Afrika azokuhlonipha khona abomma ababa nesibindi sokujamelana nemithetho ebandlulula ngokobulili ebeyikhandela ukutjhaphuluka nokulingana. Kusukela ngeLanga laboMma lokuthoma isikhundla sabomma emphakathini sithuthuke khulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1994, abomma bebakha isibalo esimaphesenthe amathathu epalamende yeSewula Afrika, kodwana namhlanjesi sele bamaphesente ama-40.

## Umtjhagalo Wabomma Wango-1956

Umnqopho omkhulu womBuso weBandlululo bekukuhlukanisa abantu ngokobutjhaba khona uzokukghona ukubalawula kuhle. Lokho bekwenzelwe bona abantu abanzima basebenze emakhuweni wendaweni yemakhabo. Kodwana amadlelo alihlaza besele atholakala ngaphandle kwendawo ababelwe kiyo, yeke abantu abanzima besele batholakala eendaweni ezingaphandle kwalezo abahlala kizo. Ngikho nje umBuso weBandlululo weza nehlelo lokuthi nangabe umuntu uzokuya namkha asebenze andaweni yangaphandle kweyekhabo kufuze uthole imvumo. Woke umuntu ofuna ukusuka lapha ahlala khona aye kenye indawo ngananyana ngiliphi ibanga bekufuze aphathe ipasa. Yeke imithetho le yathoma ngokusebenza khulukhulu emadodeni. UmBuso wabeka imithetho emayelana nalokho.
UmThetho i-***Natives (Urban Areas) Act*** wango-1923 bewuthi woke umuntu onzima oyindoda otholakala eendaweni zabamhlophe kufuze aphathe ipasa ngaso soke isikhathi. Nanyana ngubani ozokutholakala angakaphathi ipasa uzokubotjhwa athunyelwe ethrestini lekhabo. Ngo-1955 urhulumende webandlululo waqunta bona amapasa bekungakafuzi aphathwe madoda kwaphela, kodwana nananyana ngimuphi umfazi ongaphezu kweminyaka eli-16 kufuze aphathe ipasa nakaya eendaweni ezihlala abamhlophe. Lokho kwabatshwenya khulu abafazi ngombana bebayibona indlela umthetho wepasa othinta ngayo amadoda abaphila nawo. Kwezinye iikhathi bekungibo abafazi abezako bazokukhupha amadoda ejele ababanjwe ngombana bakhohlwe amapasa ekhaya. 

Lokho ngikho okwenza abomma abangaphasi kwehlangano i-*Federation of South African Women (FSAW)* bathathe igadango lokutjhagala. Ngomhla ka-9 kuRhoboyi 1956 abomma abazii-20 000 bamatjhela e-*Union Building ePitori* ngesinghonghoyilo sokuthi awuphele umthetho wamapasa. Kodwana kwafana nokuthela amanzi emhlana wedada. Ngikho nje ilangeli ligidingwa eSewula Afrika yoke ngoRhoboyi, iNyanga yaboMma.

## Iinkhombo