U-Autshumato

**U-Autshumato namkha u-Autshumao,** (c. 1610-1663) amaDatjhi ebebamazi ngo-*Harry die Strandloper*, bekayikosi yesitjhaba sama-Khoekhoe ( namkha ama-Khoekhoe) ebesibizwa bona ma-Goringhaicona ebesihlala endaweni yeKapa lakade, amaDatjhi awayibiza nge-*Cape of Good Hope.* Ngesikhathi amaDatjhi afika, umuntu wokuthoma ukubamukela bekungu-Autshumao nabantu bakhe. Ngikho nje amaDatjhi bebababiza ngokuthi ma-Strandloper ngombana babathola bakhamba eligwini lelwandle. Kusukela bathoma ukubonana bathoma nokurhwebelana. 

Into eyenza bona u-Autshumato aqakatheke emlandweni weSewula Afrika kukuthi zinengi izinto ezenzeka epilwenakhe ezivala isikhala somlando wokusebenzelana kwabantu abanzima nabamhlophe eSewula Afrika. U-Autsumato wasebenzelana nabantu ebebeza ngemikhumbi eKapa ngombana bekakwazi ukukhulumisana nabo ngesiNgisi, isiDatjhi, isiPutukezi nesiFrentji, begodu ukusebenzelana kwakhe nabo kwaba nemiphumela ehlala isikhathi eside, esesekhona bekube namhlanjesi.

## Ipilwakhe Ngaphambi Kokufika KwamaDatjhi

Kungenzeka u-Autshumato wabelethwa ngabo-1610 endaweni yeKapa ebeyibizwa bona yi-*Cape of Good Hope*. Bekayikosi yesitjhaba sama-Gorinhaikona, esima-Khoekhoe. Ibizo lakhe lokubelethwa bekungu-Arri, njengombana nezibulo lakhe igama lalo lingu-Arri. U-Autshumato (okutjho ukuthi "loyo othaya neemfesi,  *ǀAu-tsâma-ao*) bekulibizo ebebambongelela ngalo, ngebanga lokuthi bekathaya emanzini ngendlela erarako, aduda ngasuthi yifesi. 

Ngabo-1630 wathathwa maNgisi amusa e-Bantam eNgilandi bona ambandulele ukuba mkhulumeli wabantu abeza ngemikhumbi yamaNgisi. Ngibo abamupha negama lika-Harry. Kulapho afunda khona ukukhuluma isiNgisi nesiDatjhi. Kubonakala ngasuthi watjhinga ne-Batavia.  Wathi nakabuya eKapa ngo-1931, yena nabalandeli bakhe bavula isitetjhi sokurhweba e-*Robben Island.* Bekuthi imikhumbi nayifikako, ambathe iimpahla ezimbathwa maYurobhu, akhulume nabokapteni bemikhumbi ngesibindi. Lokho, kwenza u-Autshumato wabizwa ngokobana yi-'Governor' maNgisi namaFrentji. 

Kwaba nelinye godu ibanga elenza bona amaNgisi amthathe amuse e-*Robben Island* *.* U-Autshumato besele arhitjhene nezinye iintjhaba zama-Khoekhoe. Wabawa umkhumbi wamaNgisi ebewudlula endaweni leyo bona uthathe yena nabalandeli bakhe  basiwe e-*Robben Island,* nangambala kwaba njalo. Esikhathineso u-Autshumato wasebenziswa njengeposo yemikhumbi yamaYurobhu. Kungenzeka isiFrentji nesiPutukezi wazifunda lapho. Kwathi ngemva kweminyaka ebunane, ngabo-1940 wabuya, ngombana irarano liphelile.  Babuya esihlengehlengeni beza enarheni eKapa, lapha kuhlangana khona umlambo i-*Camissa River* nelwandle. Yena nomndenakhe ngibo ebebaphethe isitetjhi sokurhwebelana i-*‖Ammaqua* (okutjho bona Abantu bemanzini) okulibizo u-Jan Van Riebeeck ebekababiza ngalo ekuthomeni.

## Ipilwakhe Ngemva Kokufika KwamaDatjhi

Afika amaDatjhi ngo-1652 ngemikhumbi yawo emihlanu, i-*Dromedaris*, i-*Reijger,* i-*Goede Hoop,* i-*Oliphant* ne-*Walvisch.* Ukuthoma kokufika kwamaDatjhi eKapa (*Cape of Good Hope*) khenge kubamangaze abantu bendabuko bendawo leyo ama-Khoekhoe. AmaDatjhi afika nje ama-Khoekhoe besele kukade arhwebelana namaNgisi, amaPutukezi namaFrentji. Nangaphezu kokufika kuka-Van Riebeeck, ngokuya kuka-Knox‑Johnson, phakathi nomnyaka wabo-1600 kuya ku-1700, besele kudlule imikhumbi yamaDatjhi eyi-1 730. Yeke ama-Khoekhoe bekangawaqabuki amaDatjhi ngesikhatheso.

Endabeni yokurhwebelana, zoke izinto ebezenzeka u-Jan Van Riebeeck wazitlola emajenalini wakhe. AmaDatjhi bewathenga iinkomo nezimvu kuma-Khoekhoe ngepahla ehlukahlukeneko kuhlanganise notjwala negwayi. Bese inyama yefuyo le idliwe, enye ithengiselwe abantu abadlula ngemikhumbi yekhamphani.

Kwathi ngenyanga kaSewula wango-1653 kwaba nokurhitjhana phakathi kuka-Autshumato nomelusi weenkomo zika-Van Riebeeck u-David Jansz. U-Autshumato wambulala wathatha iinkomo. Ukurhitjhanokhu kuthoma nje, iintjhaba ezimbili lezi besele zingasathelelani kuhle amanzi. AmaDatjhi besele aqala u-Autshumato nabantu bakhe njengamasela. U-Jan Van Riebeeck wathi u-Autshumato lisela elinelimi elibutjhelelezi. Ama-Khoekhoe aqala amaDatjhi njengabakhohlisi ngokuthi intengo yotjwala negwayi ayilingani nentengo yesilwana esifuywako. Bebathi bangabusela utjwala buphele, babone ifuywabo emadlelweni wamaDatjhi, yanda. Bese amaKhoekhoe akhambe ayoyeba.

Isenzakalo sokubulawa kuka-David Jansz sasusa ipi phakathi kwama-Khoe namaDatjhi. U-Van RieBeeck wathi u-Autshumato unomlandu wokubulala. Yeke kwaliwa ipi, ekugcineni ama-Khoe ahlulwa. U-Autshumato wabanjwa wasiwa ekuthunjweni e-*Robben Island* ngawo umnyaka ka-1653. Kodwana ngo-1655 watjhatjululwa wabuyiswa enarheni.  Nakafikako u-Jan Van Riebeeck wamamukela wambuyisela esikhundleni sakhe sokutologa.  Ngesikhathesi u-Autshumato besele azwisisa indlela amaYurobhu arhweba ngayo nendlela yokuzuza kiyo. Bekathi nakarhwebela u-Jan Van Riebeeck iinkomo, aqiniseke bona imbadelo yekhamphani yanele bona ingabhadela neenkomo azithengela zona yena, ngikho nje aba mumuntu oregileko eKapa. 

Ngokukhamba kwesikhathi kwaba nokhunye godu ukurhitjhana phakathi kwama-Khoekhoe namaDatjhi ngo-1657. Ukurhitjhanokhu kubangwa kungazwani kwama-*Free Burghers (Vry Burgers)*  neengqila ze-Madagascar.  U-Jan Van Riebeeck wakateleleka bona akhe isivikelo endaweni leyo, bona enze ama-Khoekhoe asuke endaweni leyo. Bekuthi ezinye iingqila naziphunyurhako asebenzise u-Autshumato njengesithunjwa ukuhlohlozela ama-Khoe bona akhambe ayokubamba iingqilezo. Kodwana iqhinga lika-Van Riebeeck khenge liphumelele ngendlela afuna ngayo. Kwathi ngo-1658 u-Autshumato wabanjwa, wathathelwa yoke ifuywakhe. Ngemva kokutjhutjhiswa wathunjwa wasiwa e-*Robben Island* godu. Kodwana wathi nakalapho waphunyurha ngesikepe esivuzako. Bekube kunamhlanjesi, u-Autshumato nguye kwaphela umuntu okghone ukuphunyurha e-*Robben Island* njengesibotjhwa. Kunokuthi nakabuyako enarheni abotjhwe, u-Van Riebeeck wambuyisela esikhundleni sakhe sokukhulumisana nokutologa. 

Ubuhlobo bamaDatjhi nama-Khoekhoe bebuhlala bunemiraro kangangobana amaDatjhi abatjhidisela kude nendawo abakiyo. U-Autshumato waragela phambili nokufuya nokurhwebelana nabakhambi namaDatjhi bekwaba sekufeni kwakhe ngo-1663, ngemva komnyaka u-Jan Van Riebeeck akhambile. Ngo-1713 u-Francois Valentyn wabika bona isitjhaba sama-Gorinhaikona besele singasabonakali endaweni leyo. Uthi kungenzeka baqedwe bulwele bepokisi obarhagala ngo-1713. 

## Iinkhombo