Sciara

***Sciara*** er en slekt av middelsstore, mørkfargede mygg som er meget vanlige i fuktige skogsmiljøer. Larvene lever av sopp. Hos noen arter kan larvene vandre i svære flokker, derav navnet hærmygg. 

## Utseende
Artene i denne slekten er forholdsvis store (til sørgemygg å være), svarte mygg med mørke vinger. Bakkroppen er gjerne gul.

## Levevis
De fleste artene har larver som lever av sopp, men det finnes også noen som spiser plantemateriale. Noen små arter er vanlig å finne i blomsterpotter, der de trolig spiser sopphyfer. De synes ikke å gjøre noen skade på plantene. Noen arter kan gjøre skade i sjampinjong-dyrking.
De fleste sørgemygg er skogsinsekter, og finnes vanligvis på skyggefulle og fuktige steder. Larvene lever gjerne i tette klynger, og kan av og til begynne å vandre *en masse*, de har derfor blitt kalt hærmygg. Larvene kan bevege seg i tog (hærormer) som kan bli 2-10 meter lange. Man vet ikke hvorfor de gjør dette. Her i landet er det gjerne *[[Sciara hemerobioides]]* som opptrer slik.

## Fossile arter
Sørgemygg er gjennomgående små og spinkelt bygde, og blir dermed sjelden godt bevarte som avtrykksfossiler. Imidlertid kan de være meget tallrike i rav, spesielt i baltisk rav fra eocen-tiden. Familien er kjent (men ingen arter navngitt) fra rav fra Kritt-tiden, men de aller fleste, navngitte fossile artene stammer fra tertiær.

.

## Systematisk inndeling

Det har vist seg vanskelig å gruppere de mange slektene i denne familien i slektsgrupper, det finnes per i dag ikke noen alment anerkjent klassifikasjon av dem.

* orden Tovinger, Diptera
** underorden Mygg, Nematocera
*** overfamilie Sciaroidea
**** familie **[[Sørgemygg]]**, **[[Sciaridae]]** Billberg, 1820
***** Slekten *[[Sciara]]* Meigen, 1803 
### Liste over artene (trolig ikke komplett)

* Nålevende arter:
* *[[Sciara abbreviata]]*
* *[[Sciara abdita]]*
* *[[Sciara adjuncta]]* Skuse, 1890
* *[[Sciara aemula]]* Skuse, 1888
* *[[Sciara aethiops]]* Rübsaamen, 1894
* *[[Sciara africana]]* Rübsaamen, 1894
* *[[Sciara albicoxa]]* Enderlein, 1912
* *[[Sciara albifrons]]*
* *[[Sciara amabilis]]*
* *[[Sciara analis]]* Schiner, 1863
* *[[Sciara angusta]]* Grzegorzek, 1884
* *[[Sciara angustata]]*
* *[[Sciara antiqua]]* (Lengersdorf, 1940)
* *[[Sciara antonovae]]* Mohrig & Krivosheina, 1990
* *[[Sciara approximata]]* Skuse, 1888
* *[[Sciara aquila]]* Skuse, 1888
* *[[Sciara arcuata]]* Steffan, 1973
* *[[Sciara aspirans]]* Grzegorzek, 1884
* *[[Sciara atomaria]]*
* *[[Sciara atrata]]*
* *[[Sciara atratula]]* Skuse, 1888
* *[[Sciara atrifrons]]* Edwards, 1928
* *[[Sciara attenuata]]*
* *[[Sciara audax]]* Skuse, 1888
* *[[Sciara aurosa]]* Rudzinski, 1997
* *[[Sciara barnardi]]* Edwards, 1925
* *[[Sciara bengalensis]]* Steffan, 1973
* *[[Sciara biformata]]* Enderlein, 1912
* *[[Sciara bispinosa]]* Pettey, 1918
* *[[Sciara blandula]]* (Lengersdorf, 1944)
* *[[Sciara borealis]]*
* *[[Sciara borneoensis]]* Steffan, 1973
* *[[Sciara brevifurca]]* Skuse, 1888
* *[[Sciara brevipetiolata]]* (Enderlein, 1911)
* *[[Sciara brunettii]]* Steffan, 1973
* *[[Sciara bullastylata]]* Rudzinski, 1997
* *[[Sciara cameronensis]]* Edwards, 1928
* *[[Sciara capensis]]* Edwards, 1925
* *[[Sciara cavicata]]*
* *[[Sciara cingulata]]* Rübsaamen, 1894
* *[[Sciara clavata]]*
* *[[Sciara colorata]]* Grzegorzek, 1884
* *[[Sciara columbia]]* Pettey, 1918
* *[[Sciara columbiana]]* (Enderlein, 1911)
* *[[Sciara compacta]]* Brunetti, 1912
* *[[Sciara concinna]]*
* *[[Sciara confusa]]* Grzegorzek, 1884
* *[[Sciara congregata]]* Johannsen, 1914
* *[[Sciara conjuncta]]*
* *[[Sciara consanguinea]]* Skuse, 1890
* *[[Sciara contermina]]* Skuse, 1890
* *[[Sciara conulifera]]* Edwards, 1928
* *[[Sciara convergens]]* Winnertz, 1867
* *[[Sciara copiosa]]* Lengersdorf, 1927
* *[[Sciara coprophila]]*
* *[[Sciara costalis]]*
* *[[Sciara costata]]* Wiedemann, 1818
* *[[Sciara crassicornis]]*
* *[[Sciara curvinervis]]* Edwards, 1928
* *[[Sciara cylindrica]]*
* *[[Sciara delessei]]*
* *[[Sciara denticornis]]* (Lengersdorf, 1939)
* *[[Sciara diacantha]]* Edwards, 1928
* *[[Sciara diderma]]*
* *[[Sciara differens]]* (Lengersdorf, 1938)
* *[[Sciara dimidiata]]*
* *[[Sciara diminutiva]]*
* *[[Sciara diota]]*
* *[[Sciara dissimilis]]* Lengersdorf, 1927
* *[[Sciara distigma]]* Edwards, 1924
* *[[Sciara distinguenda]]* Brunetti, 1912
* *[[Sciara divergens]]* Enderlein, 1912
* *[[Sciara diversa]]* Skuse, 1888
* *[[Sciara diversipes]]* Brunetti, 1912
* *[[Sciara dives]]*
* *[[Sciara dolicholabis]]* Edwards, 1927
* *[[Sciara dolosa]]* Skuse, 1888
* *[[Sciara erratica]]* Skuse, 1888
* *[[Sciara esuriens]]* Winnertz, 1867
* *[[Sciara evanescens]]* Skuse, 1888
* *[[Sciara exigua]]*
* *[[Sciara exposita]]* Skuse, 1890
* *[[Sciara exsequialis]]*
* *[[Sciara familiaris]]* Skuse, 1888
* *[[Sciara fasciata]]*
* *[[Sciara fascipennis]]* Brunetti, 1912
* *[[Sciara femoralis]]* Doleschall, 1858
* *[[Sciara femorata]]*
* *[[Sciara festina]]* Skuse, 1888
* *[[Sciara festiva]]* Skuse, 1888
* *[[Sciara finitima]]* Skuse, 1888
* *[[Sciara flammiventris]]* Brunetti, 1912
* *[[Sciara flavicollis]]* Brunetti, 1912
* *[[Sciara flavicoxis]]* Skuse, 1890
* *[[Sciara flavimana]]* Zetterstedt, 1851
* *[[Sciara flavipeura]]* Brunetti, 1912
* *[[Sciara flaviseta]]* Brunetti, 1912
* *[[Sciara flavofemorata]]* Brunetti, 1912
* *[[Sciara flavomarginata]]* Mohrig & Mamaev, 1982
* *[[Sciara flavoscutellata]]* Edwards, 1914
* *[[Sciara fletcherae]]* Senior-White, 1921
* *[[Sciara foliorum]]*
* *[[Sciara fratercula]]* Brunetti, 1912
* *[[Sciara fraterna]]*
* *[[Sciara frequens]]*
* *[[Sciara froggatti]]*
* *[[Sciara fuliginosus]]*
* *[[Sciara fumipennis]]* Skuse, 1888
* *[[Sciara funebris]]* Winnertz, 1867
* *[[Sciara fuscipennis]]* Meigen, 1818
* *[[Sciara fuscolimbata]]* (Enderlein, 1911)
* *[[Sciara futilis]]* Johannsen, 1912
* *[[Sciara globosa]]*
* *[[Sciara griseicollis]]* Edwards, 1933
* *[[Sciara grzegorseki]]*
* *[[Sciara habilis]]*
* *[[Sciara hebes]]* (Loew, 1869)
* *[[Sciara helmsi]]* Skuse, 1890
* *[[Sciara helvola]]* Winnertz, 1867
* Hærmygg, *[[Sciara hemerobioides]]* (Scopoli, 1763) (=*Sciara thomae* (Linnaeus, 1767)
* *[[Sciara hendersoni]]* Edwards, 1928
* *[[Sciara heteroptera]]* de Meijere, 1913
* *[[Sciara heteropus]]*
* *[[Sciara hirtilineata]]* Brunetti, 1912
* *[[Sciara hirtilineatoides]]* Senior-White, 1921
* *[[Sciara horrescens]]* Edwards, 1928
* *[[Sciara humeralis]]* Zetterstedt, 1851
* *[[Sciara hyalinata]]* Winnertz, 1867
* *[[Sciara ignobilis]]*
* *[[Sciara incerta]]* Winnertz, 1867
* *[[Sciara inconstans]]*
* *[[Sciara indica]]* Walker, 1856
* *[[Sciara infantula]]* Edwards, 1931
* *[[Sciara infirma]]* Winnertz, 1867
* *[[Sciara infixa]]* Skuse, 1890
* *[[Sciara infrequens]]*
* *[[Sciara isarthria]]* (Speiser, 1909)
* *[[Sciara isopalpi]]* Zhang
* *[[Sciara jacobsoni]]* Edwards, 1931
* *[[Sciara japonica]]*
* *[[Sciara jeanneli]]* Séguy, 1940
* *[[Sciara karnyi]]* Edwards, 1927
* *[[Sciara khasiensis]]* Senior-White, 1921
* *[[Sciara kinabaluana]]* Edwards, 1933
* *[[Sciara kitakamiensis]]* Sutou, 2004
* *[[Sciara lackschewitzi]]* (Lengersdorf, 1934)
* *[[Sciara lamprina]]* Edwards, 1933
* *[[Sciara latelineata]]* Brunetti, 1912
* *[[Sciara latipons]]* Edwards, 1928
* *[[Sciara leucoacrocera]]* (Enderlein, 1911)
* *[[Sciara leucocera]]* Kieffer, 1912
* *[[Sciara leucophaea]]* Wiedemann, 1818
* *[[Sciara ligniperda]]*
* *[[Sciara longipes]]* Meigen, 1818
* *[[Sciara lucidipennis]]* Skuse, 1888
* *[[Sciara lucipeta]]* Edwards, 1928
* *[[Sciara luctifica]]*
* *[[Sciara luculenta]]* Skuse, 1888
* *[[Sciara lumuensis]]* Edwards, 1933
* *[[Sciara lurida]]*
* *[[Sciara luteiventris]]* Brunetti, 1912
* *[[Sciara luteolamellata]]* Edwards, 1928
* *[[Sciara macleayi]]*
* *[[Sciara maculithorax]]* (Lengersdorf, 1938)
* *[[Sciara maesta]]*
* *[[Sciara mahensis]]* Kieffer, 1912
* *[[Sciara maolana]]* Yang, Zhang & Yang, 1993
* *[[Sciara marcilla]]* Hutton, 1902
* *[[Sciara marginalis]]*
* *[[Sciara marginata]]* Skuse, 1890
* *[[Sciara martii]]* Novák, 1877
* *[[Sciara mediofusca]]* Edwards, 1928
* *[[Sciara medullaris]]*
* *[[Sciara melaleuca]]* Edwards, 1928
* *[[Sciara melanostyla]]* Mohrig & Krivosheina, 1990
* *[[Sciara mendax]]* Tuomikoski, 1960
* *[[Sciara microtricha]]* Edwards, 1928
* *[[Sciara migrator]]* Edwards, 1927
* *[[Sciara militaris]]* Nowicki, 1868
* *[[Sciara militarsis]]*
* *[[Sciara modesta]]* (Winnertz, 1867)
* *[[Sciara monacantha]]* Edwards, 1928
* *[[Sciara montivaga]]*
* *[[Sciara multispinulosa]]* Mohrig & Kozánek, 1992
* *[[Sciara nemoralis]]* Meigen, 1818
* *[[Sciara neorufescens]]* Miller, 1950
* *[[Sciara nepalensis]]* Mohrig, 1987
* *[[Sciara nigrans]]* (Enderlein, 1911)
* *[[Sciara nigrifemur]]* Edwards, 1928
* *[[Sciara nigripennis]]* Brunetti, 1912
* *[[Sciara nigripes]]*
* *[[Sciara nigrita]]*
* *[[Sciara nigropicea]]* Walker, 1848
* *[[Sciara nitidithorax]]* Brunetti, 1912
* *[[Sciara nitulina]]* Edwards, 1931
* *[[Sciara nivata]]*
* *[[Sciara niveiapicalis]]* Brunetti, 1912
* *[[Sciara nivicola]]*
* *[[Sciara notata]]* Skuse, 1888
* *[[Sciara nowickii]]*
* *[[Sciara nubicula]]* Skuse, 1888
* *[[Sciara ochrolabis]]* Loew, 1870
* *[[Sciara opposita]]* Brunetti, 1912
* *[[Sciara ornatula]]*
* *[[Sciara pahangensis]]* Edwards, 1928
* *[[Sciara pakkana]]* Edwards, 1933
* *[[Sciara pallescens]]* Brunetti, 1912
* *[[Sciara palliceps]]* Edwards, 1928
* *[[Sciara parallela]]* Brunetti, 1912
* *[[Sciara patricii]]* Séguy, 1960
* *[[Sciara pectilinealis]]* Sutou, 2004
* *[[Sciara penicillata]]* (Lengersdorf, 1944)
* *[[Sciara pernitida]]*
* *[[Sciara perpusilla]]*
* *[[Sciara philippinensis]]* Edwards, 1929
* *[[Sciara philpotti]]* Tonnoir, 1927
* *[[Sciara pictipes]]*
* *[[Sciara polita]]* Say, 1824
* *[[Sciara politula]]* Edwards, 1927
* *[[Sciara praescellens]]* Skuse, 1890
* *[[Sciara prominens]]* Hardy, 1956
* *[[Sciara promiscua]]* Skuse, 1890
* *[[Sciara pruinosa]]*
* *[[Sciara psittacus]]* Pettey, 1918
* *[[Sciara pubescens]]* (Lengersdorf, 1944)
* *[[Sciara pulicaria]]* Meigen, 1818
* *[[Sciara pycnacantha]]* Yang, Zhang & Yang, 1993
* *[[Sciara pygmaea]]*
* *[[Sciara pyri]]* Schmidberger, 1833
* *[[Sciara quadrimaculata]]*
* *[[Sciara ratana]]* Edwards, 1928
* *[[Sciara reciproca]]* Walker, 1856
* *[[Sciara recondita]]* Skuse, 1890
* *[[Sciara recta]]* (Lengersdorf, 1941)
* *[[Sciara remyi]]*
* *[[Sciara rimiscutellata]]* Enderlein, 1912
* *[[Sciara robusta]]*
* *[[Sciara rotunda]]* Rübsaamen, 1894
* *[[Sciara rotundipennis]]*
* *[[Sciara rufa]]* Walker, 1848
* *[[Sciara ruficauda]]* Meigen, 1818
* *[[Sciara satiata]]* Grzegorzek, 1884
* *[[Sciara schmidbergeri]]*
* *[[Sciara schremmeri]]* (Bachmayer, 1961)
* *[[Sciara schultzei]]* Rübsaamen, 1908
* *[[Sciara sciastica]]*
* *[[Sciara sciophila]]* Loew, 1870
* *[[Sciara scita]]*
* *[[Sciara scitula]]* Skuse, 1888
* *[[Sciara sclerocerci]]* Yang, Zhang & Yang, 1993
* *[[Sciara sedula]]* Skuse, 1888
* *[[Sciara segetum]]*
* *[[Sciara segmenticornis]]* Brunetti, 1912
* *[[Sciara selangoriana]]* Edwards, 1928
* *[[Sciara selecta]]* Walker, 1858
* *[[Sciara selliformis]]* Yang, Zhang & Yang, 1998
* *[[Sciara septentrionalis]]*
* *[[Sciara serenipennis]]*
* *[[Sciara sericata]]* Meigen, 1830
* *[[Sciara setilineata]]* Brunetti, 1912
* *[[Sciara seychellensis]]* Enderlein, 1912
* *[[Sciara simulator]]* Edwards, 1928
* *[[Sciara singhalensis]]* Rübsaamen, 1894
* *[[Sciara solispina]]* Hardy, 1956
* *[[Sciara solita]]* Walker, 1856
* *[[Sciara sororia]]* Skuse, 1888
* *[[Sciara speciosa]]* Winnertz, 1867
* *[[Sciara spectabilis]]*
* *[[Sciara speculum]]* Bezzi, 1906
* *[[Sciara stigmatopleura]]* Edwards, 1925
* *[[Sciara suavis]]* Grzegorzek, 1884
* *[[Sciara subbrunnipes]]* Edwards, 1933
* *[[Sciara subfascipennis]]* Edwards, 1928
* *[[Sciara sumatrana]]* (Enderlein, 1911)
* *[[Sciara tenompokensis]]* Edwards, 1933
* *[[Sciara tepperi]]* Skuse, 1890
* *[[Sciara tetraleuca]]* Edwards, 1931
* *[[Sciara thomsoni]]* Rübsaamen, 1894
* *[[Sciara thoracica]]* Matsumura, 1916
* *[[Sciara townesi]]*
* *[[Sciara transpacifica]]* Curran, 1925
* *[[Sciara trileucarthra]]* Bezzi, 1906
* *[[Sciara tryoni]]* Skuse, 1890
* *[[Sciara turgidula]]* Vilkamaa, Hippa & Mohrig, 2015
* *[[Sciara turrida]]* de Meijere, 1913
* *[[Sciara uichancoi]]* Pettey, 1918
* *[[Sciara ulrichi]]* Menzel & Mohrig, 1998
* *[[Sciara umbellatarum]]* Winnertz, 1867
* *[[Sciara unica]]*
* *[[Sciara unicolor]]*
* *[[Sciara unicorn]]*
* *[[Sciara varipes]]* Walker, 1865
* *[[Sciara vecors]]* Skuse, 1888
* *[[Sciara vicina]]*
* *[[Sciara viridipes]]*
* *[[Sciara vulgaris]]*
* *[[Sciara vulpina]]* Grzegorzek, 1884
* *[[Sciara womerslyi]]* Séguy, 1940
* *[[Sciara xizangana]]* Yang & Zhang, 1988
* *[[Sciara yadongana]]*
* *[[Sciara zalampra]]* (Speiser, 1909)
* *[[Sciara zealandica]]* Kieffer, 1910
* *[[Sciara zygocera]]* Edwards, 1933
* Fossile arter (for det meste usikker slektsplassering):
* †*[[Sciara acuminata]]* Heer, 1849
* †*[[Sciara amicula]]* (Statz, 1944)
* †*[[Sciara antennaria]]* (Statz, 1944)
* †*[[Sciara atavina]]* Heyden, 1870
* †*[[Sciara atropha]]* Zhang, 1989
* †*[[Sciara aulica]]* (Statz, 1944)
* †*[[Sciara austera]]* (Statz, 1944)
* †*[[Sciara berckhemeri]]* (Armbruster, 1938)
* †*[[Sciara bicolora]]* (Statz, 1944)
* †*[[Sciara braeuhaeuseri]]* (Armbruster, 1938)
* †*[[Sciara branconis]]* (Armbruster, 1938)
* †*[[Sciara brevipetiola]]* Zhang, 1989
* †*[[Sciara burmitina]]* Cockerell, 1917
* †*[[Sciara compta]]* (Statz, 1944)
* †*[[Sciara cryptocephala]]* (Statz, 1944)
* †*[[Sciara defectuosa]]* Meunier, 1904
* †*[[Sciara deffneri]]* (Armbruster, 1938)
* †*[[Sciara defossa]]* Heyden, 1870
* †*[[Sciara deleta]]* Heer, 1864
* †*[[Sciara deperdita]]* Scudder, 1878
* †*[[Sciara dietleni]]* (Armbruster, 1938)
* †*[[Sciara dormitans]]* Melander, 1949
* †*[[Sciara ehrati]]* (Armbruster, 1938)
* †*[[Sciara electriphila]]* Cockerell, 1911
* †*[[Sciara endrissi]]* (Armbruster, 1938)
* †*[[Sciara eryopteris]]* Hong, 1980
* †*[[Sciara exilis]]* (Statz, 1944)
* †*[[Sciara femuralis]]* (Statz, 1944)
* †*[[Sciara flichei]]* Théobald, 1937
* †*[[Sciara florissantensis]]* Cockerell, 1916
* †*[[Sciara fraasi]]* (Armbruster, 1938)
* †*[[Sciara gracilenta]]* (Statz, 1944)
* †*[[Sciara gracilior]]* (Statz, 1944)
* †*[[Sciara gurnetensis]]* Cockerell, 1915
* †*[[Sciara hennigi]]* (Armbruster, 1938)
* †*[[Sciara heydeni]]* Meunier, 1917
* †*[[Sciara hirtella]]* Heer, 1849
* †*[[Sciara hoelzlei]]* (Armbruster, 1938)
* †*[[Sciara ignorata]]* Meunier, 1904
* †*[[Sciara inflata]]* Théobald, 1937
* †*[[Sciara janassa]]* Heyden, 1870
* †*[[Sciara joossi]]* (Armbruster, 1938)
* †*[[Sciara jucheti]]* Camier & Nel, 2019
* †*[[Sciara laticornis]]* (Statz, 1944)
* †*[[Sciara longa]]* (Statz, 1944)
* †*[[Sciara longipennata]]* (Statz, 1944)
* †*[[Sciara melanopa]]* (Statz, 1944)
* †*[[Sciara milleri]]* (Armbruster, 1938)
* †*[[Sciara minutula]]* Heer, 1849
* †*[[Sciara morosa]]* Meunier, 1904
* †*[[Sciara ovalipennata]]* (Statz, 1944)
* †*[[Sciara pellidua]]* (Statz, 1944)
* †*[[Sciara pennata]]* (Statz, 1944)
* †*[[Sciara pompeckii]]* (Armbruster, 1938)
* †*[[Sciara protoberidis]]* Cockerell, 1915
* †*[[Sciara quenstedti]]* (Armbruster, 1938)
* †*[[Sciara radians]]* Meunier, 1910
* †*[[Sciara rara]]* Meunier, 1904
* †*[[Sciara requieta]]* Melander, 1949
* †*[[Sciara rottensis]]* Heyden, 1870
* †*[[Sciara saportana]]* Théobald, 1937
* †*[[Sciara scopuli]]* Scudder, 1890
* †*[[Sciara seemanni]]* (Armbruster, 1938)
* †*[[Sciara sepulta]]* Lewis, 1969
* †*[[Sciara sopora]]* Melander, 1949
* †*[[Sciara splendida]]* Meunier, 1904
* †*[[Sciara strausi]]* Kohring & Schlüter, 1993
* †*[[Sciara troglodytes]]* Heer, 1861
* †*[[Sciara villosoides]]* Meunier, 1904
* †*[[Sciara wageri]]* (Armbruster, 1938)
* †*[[Sciara weylandi]]* (Statz, 1944)
* †*[[Sciara willershausensis]]* Kohring & Schlüter, 1993
* †*[[Sciara winnertzii]]* Heyden, 1870

## Referanser


## Kilder
* Menzel, F. og Mohrig, W. 1997. Family Sciaridae. Side 51-69 i: Papp, L. og Darvas, B. (red.): *Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera. Volume 2.* Science Herald, Budapest.

## Eksterne lenker
*