Blaps

***Blaps*** er en slekt av skyggebiller der de fleste av artene er knyttet til tørre miljøer. De har derfor meget stor evne til å motstå uttørking.

## Utseende
Store, ovale, mattsvarte skyggebiller. Oversiden er ganske slett, dekkvingene uten punktstriper.

## Levevis
Skyggebillene har utpregede tilpasninger til å overleve i tørre miljøer, med meget tykk, vanntett kutikula og velutviklede ekskresjonsorganer (malpighiske rør) som tar vare på det aller meste av fuktigheten. De fleste av artene lever da også i tørre omgivelser, men det finnes også arter som lever blant annet i sopp. Stort sett lever skyggebillene av ulike slags dødt plantemateriale.

Siden de fleste skyggebillene er knyttet til ørkener og andre tørre miljøer finner man ikke mange arter i Norge, men noen finnes også her på tørre steder. Artene i slekten *Blaps* finnes gjerne innendørs, på mørke steder som kjellere.

## Utbredelse
Slekten er mest utbredt i tørre områder av Palearktis, med tallrike arter i Sentral-Asia, men forkommer også i Nord-Amerika (innført) og Australia.

## Systematisk inndeling
Underslektene følger https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id14641/. En god del arter er nå overført til slekten *[[Lithoblaps]]*.

* Ordenen biller, Coleoptera
** Underordenen Polyphaga
*** Gruppen (infraorden) Cucujiformia
**** Overfamilien heteromerer, Tenebrionoidea Latreille, 1802
***** Familien **[[skyggebiller]]**, Tenebrionidae Latreille, 1802
****** Underfamilien **[[Blaptinae]]** Leach, 1815 - nylig skilt ut fra Tenebrioninae  
******* Stammen Blaptini Leach, 1815 - ca. 400 arter
******** Slekten ***Blaps*** Fabricius, 1775
********* Underslekten *Ablapsis* Reitter, 1883
********** *[[Blaps allardiana]]* Reitter, 1889
********** *[[Blaps apicecostata]]* Blair, 1922
********** *[[Blaps berezowskii]]* G. S. Medvedev, 1998
********** *[[Blaps breiti]]* Reitter, 1913
********** *[[Blaps compressipes]]* (Reitter, 1887)
********** *[[Blaps conica]]* Ren & Shi, 2016
********** *[[Blaps gentilis]]* Fairmaire, 1887
********** *[[Blaps helleri]]* Schuster, 1923
********** *[[Blaps himalaica]]* Blair, 1923
********** *[[Blaps latericosta]]* Reitter, 1889
********** *[[Blaps lucidula]]* G. S. Medvedev, 1998
********** *[[Blaps maeander]]* Kraatz, 1885
********** *[[Blaps socia]]* Seidlitz, 1893
********** *[[Blaps tenuicornis]]* Gebler, 1847
********** *[[Blaps transversimsulcata]]* Ballion, 1878
********** *[[Blaps znoikoi]]* Semenov & Bogatchev, 1936
********* Underslekten *Arenoblaps* Medvedev, 1999
********** *[[Blaps hiemalis]]* Semyonov-Tian-Shanskij & Bogatchev, 1940
********* Underslekten *Blaps* (i snever forstand)
********** *[[Blaps abbreviata]]* Menetries, 1836
********** *[[Blaps acuminata]]* Fischer von Waldheim, 1820
********** *[[Blaps acutangula]]* Ren & Wang, 2001
********** *[[Blaps adelae]]* L. Soldati et F. Soldati, 1999
********** *[[Blaps afghanistanica]]* Gridelli, 1954 (1955)
********** *[[Blaps amurensis]]* Allard, 1881
********** *[[Blaps angusta]]* Seidlitz, 1893
********** *[[Blaps anura]]* Seidlitz, 1893
********** *[[Blaps araxicola]]* Seidlitz, 1893
********** *[[Blaps aruktavica]]* G. S. Medvedev, 2004
********** *[[Blaps aspericollis]]* Schuster, 1923
********** *[[Blaps badakschanica]]* Kaszab, 1960
********** *[[Blaps balashovi]]* Bogatchev et G. S. Medvedev, 1974
********** *[[Blaps ballioni]]* Skopin, 1977
********** *[[Blaps bogatshevi]]* Medvedev, 1964
********** *[[Blaps brunnea]]* Allard, 1881
********** *[[Blaps bucharensis]]* Seidlitz, 1893
********** *[[Blaps bushirensis]]* Kaszab, 1959
********** *[[Blaps caraboides]]* Allard, 1882
********** *[[Blaps caspica]]* Chigray et al., 2016
********** *[[Blaps caucasica]]* Nabozhenko & Chigray, 2022
********** *[[Blaps chinensis]]* (Faldermann, 1835)
********** *[[Blaps choui]]* Ren et Wang, 2001
********** *[[Blaps clotzeri]]* Fischer von Waldheim, 1844
********** *[[Blaps concii]]* Koch, 1965
********** *[[Blaps conradtii]]* Seidlitz, 1893
********** *[[Blaps contracta]]* Ren, 2016
********** *[[Blaps crassicornis]]* (Fairmaire, 1891)
********** *[[Blaps cretensis]]* Koch, 1948
********** *[[Blaps cribrosa]]* Solier, 1848
********** *[[Blaps cychroides]]* Fairmaire, 1887
********** *[[Blaps davidis]]* Deyrolle, 1878
********** *[[Blaps dehaani]]* Baudi di Selve, 1875
********** *[[Blaps dentitibia]]* Reitter, 1889
********** *[[Blaps deplanata]]* Ménétriès, 1832
********** *[[Blaps dispar]]* Seidlitz, 1893
********** *[[Blaps dorsogranata]]* Fairmaire, 1887
********** *[[Blaps eleodes]]* Kaszab, 1962
********** *[[Blaps elliptica]]* Seidlitz, 1893
********** *[[Blaps emoda]]* Allard, 1881
********** *[[Blaps ernesti]]* Chigray, 2020
********** *[[Blaps evanida]]* Seidlitz, 1893
********** *[[Blaps eximia]]* Semenov et Bogatchev, 1936
********** *[[Blaps felix]]* Waterhouse, 1889
********** *[[Blaps femoralis]]* Fischer von Waldheim, 1844
********** *[[Blaps fouquei]]* Chigray & Ivanov, 2020
********** *[[Blaps freibergi]]* Skopin, 1969
********** *[[Blaps garzica]]* Ren et Wang, 2001
********** *[[Blaps gibba]]* Laporte de Castelnau, 1840
********** *[[Blaps gigantea]]* Motschulsky, 1845
********** *[[Blaps glabrata]]* Seidlitz, 1893
********** *[[Blaps glazunovi]]* Semenov et Bogatchev, 1936
********** *[[Blaps gobiensis]]* J. Frivaldszky, 1890
********** *[[Blaps graeca]]* Solier, 1848
********** *[[Blaps granulata]]* Gebler, 1825
********** *[[Blaps granulipennis]]* Skopin, 1966
********** *[[Blaps gressoria]]* Reitter, 1889
********** *[[Blaps haarlovi]]* Gridelli, 1954
********** *[[Blaps helopioides]]* Seidlitz, 1893
********** *[[Blaps holconota]]* Fischer von Waldheim, 1844
********** *[[Blaps holcus]]* Ren, 2016
********** *[[Blaps indicola]]* Bates, 1879
********** *[[Blaps inflatipennis]]* J.R. Sahlberg, 1908
********** *[[Blaps inflexa]]* Zoubkoff, 1833
********** *[[Blaps iraquensis]]* Kaszab, 1959
********** *[[Blaps jakovlevi]]* Semenov Tjan-Shanskij & Bogacev, 1936
********** *[[Blaps japonensis]]* Marseul, 1879
********** *[[Blaps jeannei]]* Ferrer & Soldati, 1999
********** *[[Blaps kabuliensis]]* Kaszab, 1960
********** *[[Blaps kadyrbekovi]]* Medvedev, 2004
********** *[[Blaps kasatkini]]* I. Chigray et Nabozhenko, 2016
********** *[[Blaps kashgarensis]]* Bates, 1879
********** *[[Blaps kiritshenkoi]]* Semenov et Bogatchev, 1936
********** *[[Blaps klapperichi]]* Kaszab, 1960
********** *[[Blaps kolbei]]* Schuster, 1914
********** *[[Blaps kovali]]* Abdurakhmanov et Nabozhenko, 2011
********** *[[Blaps kulzeri]]* Pierre, 1964
********** *[[Blaps ladakensis]]* Bates, 1879
********** *[[Blaps lata]]* Seidlitz, 1893
********** *[[Blaps ledereri]]* (Fairmaire, 1866)
********** *[[Blaps lethifera]]* Marsham, 1802 - i Norge
********** *[[Blaps lindbergi]]* Kaszab, 1959
********** *[[Blaps longicornis]]* Kraatz, 1882
********** *[[Blaps longula]]* Reiche et Saulcy, 1857
********** *[[Blaps marginicollis]]* (Fairmaire, 1891) 
********** *[[Blaps martensi]]* Kaszab, 1978
********** *[[Blaps medusa]]* Reitter, 1900
********** *[[Blaps medusula]]* Skopin, 1964
********** *[[Blaps menetriesiana]]* Bogatchev, 1948
********** *[[Blaps miliaria]]* Fischer von Waldheim, 1844
********** *[[Blaps moerens]]* Allard, 1881
********** Dødningebille, *[[Blaps mortisaga]]* (Linnaeus, 1758) - i Norge
********** *[[Blaps mucronata]]* Latreille, 1804 - funnet innendørs i Norge
********** *[[Blaps murgabiensis]]* Bogacev, 1961
********** *[[Blaps mutata]]* Gemminger, 1870
********** *[[Blaps nadaii]]* G. S. Medvedev, 2004
********** *[[Blaps nanshanica]]* Semenov et Bogatchev, 1936
********** *[[Blaps nitida]]* Fischer von Waldheim, 1844
********** *[[Blaps nuristanica]]* Kaszab, 1959 
********** *[[Blaps oberthuerii]]* Seidlitz, 1893
********** *[[Blaps oblonga]]* Kraatz, 1883
********** *[[Blaps ocreata]]* Allard, 1880
********** *[[Blaps oertzeni]]* Seidlitz, 1893
********** *[[Blaps oglobini]]* Semenov et Bogatchev, 1936
********** *[[Blaps opaca]]* Reitter, 1889
********** *[[Blaps paludani]]* Kaszab, 1959
********** *[[Blaps parvicollis]]* Zoubkoff, 1829
********** *[[Blaps perlonga]]* Bates, 1879
********** *[[Blaps persicola]]* Seidlitz, 1893
********** *[[Blaps petiti]]* Pierre, 1964
********** *[[Blaps petra]]* Nabozhenko, 2015
********** *[[Blaps pilosa]]* Ren et Wang, 2001
********** *[[Blaps planicollis]]* Motschulsky, 1845
********** *[[Blaps potanini]]* Reitter, 1889
********** *[[Blaps pseudocaudata]]* Kaszab, 1960
********** *[[Blaps pterosticha]]* Fischer von Waldheim, 1843
********** *[[Blaps pudica]]* Ballion, 1888
********** *[[Blaps puella]]* Allard, 1881
********** *[[Blaps putrida]]* Motschulsky, 1845
********** *[[Blaps reflexa]]* Gebler, 1832
********** *[[Blaps reichardti]]* Semenov et Bogatchev, 1936
********** *[[Blaps rhynchoptera]]* Fairmaire, 1886
********** *[[Blaps rimskii]]* Semenov et Bogatchev, 1936
********** *[[Blaps rotundata]]* Solier, 1848
********** *[[Blaps rougemonti]]* Kaszab, 1986
********** *[[Blaps rugosa]]* Gebler, 1825
********** *[[Blaps rugulipennis]]* Fairmaire, 1891
********** *[[Blaps rybalovi]]* Tsernyshev & Mordkovitsch, 2002
********** *[[Blaps scabiosa]]* Baudi di Selve, 1874
********** *[[Blaps scutellata]]* Fischer von Waldheim, 1844
********** *[[Blaps semenovi]]* Bogatchev, 1939
********** *[[Blaps semenoviana]]* Bogatchev, 1941
********** *[[Blaps seriata]]* Fischer von Waldheim, 1822
********** *[[Blaps shach]]* Kaszab, 1970
********** *[[Blaps simplex]]* Kaszab, 1960
********** *[[Blaps skopini]]* Chigray & Ivanov, 2020
********** *[[Blaps sonamarga]]* Skopin, 1978
********** *[[Blaps splichali]]* Gebien, 1913
********** *[[Blaps srinagarica]]* Kaszab, 1975
********** *[[Blaps stoetzneri]]* Schuster, 1923
********** *[[Blaps stoliczkana]]* Bates, 1879
********** *[[Blaps strandi]]* Semenov, 1936
********** *[[Blaps subalpina]]* Menetries, 1832
********** *[[Blaps sulcatipennis]]* Schuster, 1920
********** *[[Blaps szetschwana]]* Schuster, 1923
********** *[[Blaps taiyuanica]]* Ren et Wang, 2001
********** *[[Blaps tatsienlua]]* Schuster, 1923
********** *[[Blaps tenuepunctata]]* (Motschulsky, 1860) 
********** *[[Blaps tenuicauda]]* Seidlitz, 1893
********** *[[Blaps tenuicollis]]* Solier, 1848
********** *[[Blaps theodoridis]]* Pierre, 1964
********** *[[Blaps thibetana]]* Blair, 1922
********** *[[Blaps thibetanoides]]* Ren, 2004
********** *[[Blaps tianshanica]]* Semenov et Bogatchev, 1936
********** *[[Blaps tibialis]]* Reiche, 1857
********** *[[Blaps tibiella]]* Seidlitz, 1893
********** *[[Blaps torressalai]]* Español, 1961
********** *[[Blaps transversalis]]* Gebler, 1845
********** *[[Blaps trapezoidalis]]* Kaszab, 1970
********** *[[Blaps tristiciae]]* Bogatchev, 1949
********** *[[Blaps tsharynensis]]* Skopin, 1961
********** *[[Blaps tschitscherini]]* Semenov et Bogatchev, 1936
********** *[[Blaps turkestanica]]* Seidlitz, 1893
********** *[[Blaps umbilicata]]* Seidlitz, 1893
********** *[[Blaps urophora]]* Fairmaire, 1891
********** *[[Blaps varicosa]]* Seidlitz, 1893
********** *[[Blaps variolosa]]* Faldermann, 1835
********** *[[Blaps verrucosa]]* Adams, 1817
********** *[[Blaps virgo]]* Seidlitz, 1893
********** *[[Blaps waschana]]* Schuster, 1923
********** *[[Blaps yini]]* (Ren, Wang et Yu, 2000)
********* Underslekten Dineria Motschulsky, 1860
********** *[[Blaps halophila]]* Fischer von Waldheim, 1822
********** *[[Blaps lar]]* (Bogatchev, 1947)
********* Ikke plassert til underslekt:
********** *[[Blaps abdita]]* Picka, 1978
********** *[[Blaps alternans]]* Brulle, 1838
********** *[[Blaps bedeli]]* Chatanay, 1914
********** *[[Blaps bipunctata]]* Allard, 1880
********** *[[Blaps brevicornis]]* Seidlitz, 1893
********** *[[Blaps foveicollis]]* Allard, 1880
********** *[[Blaps gigas]]* (Linnaeus, 1767)
********** *[[Blaps hispanica]]* Solier, 1848
********** *[[Blaps indagator]]* Reiche, 1857
********** *[[Blaps kollari]]* Seidlitz, 1893
********** *[[Blaps lusitanica]]* Herbst, 1799
********** *[[Blaps milleri]]* Seidlitz, 1893
********** *[[Blaps nitens]]* Laporte de Castelnau, 1840
********** *[[Blaps orbicollis]]* Motschulsky, 1845
********** *[[Blaps polychresta]]* (Forskl, 1775)
********** *[[Blaps pruinosa]]* Faldermann, 1833
********** *[[Blaps robusta]]* Motschulsky, 1845
********** *[[Blaps sinuaticollis]]* Solier, 1848
********** *[[Blaps songorica]]* Fischer de Waldheim, 1844
********** *[[Blaps striola]]* (Motschulsky, 1860)
********** *[[Blaps sulcata]]* Laporte de Castelnau, 1840
********** *[[Blaps taeniolata]]* Menetries, 1832
********** *[[Blaps waltli]]* Seidlitz, 1893

## Referanser




## Kilder
* Silfverberg, H. 1992. *Enumeratio Coleopterorum Fennoscandiae, Daniae et Baltiae* (Liste over Nordens biller). Helsinki.

## Eksterne lenker
*