Hypera

**Engsnutebiller** (Hyperini) er en gruppe av snutebiller som lever på ulike slags urter.

## Utseende
Små til middelsstore snutebiller med bred, skjellkledt kropp. Hodet er middels stort med en middels lang, slank, krum snute. Fasettøyenene er ganske store og noe utstående. Antennene er 11-leddete og knebøyde. Det innerste leddet (antenneskaftet) er noe kølleformet, antennesvøpen består av sju ledd og antennene ender i en kompakt, tre-leddet kølle. Brystskjoldet (pronotum) er bredere enn langt, mye smalere enn dekkvingene, med rundede sider, tett skjellkledt. Dekkvingene er brede, parallellsidige i de fremre 3/4, med tydelige skuldre og punktrader. De har ofte markerte lengdestriper dannet av lyse og mørke skjell. Beina er middels lange og kraftige.

## Levevis
Engsnutebillene lever på ulike slags urter, spesielt i erteblomstfamilien (Fabaceae) og skjermplantefamilien (Apiaceae). De er vanligvis noe spesialiserte, slik at hver art spesialiserer seg på en familie eller slekt av vertsplanter. *Hypera postica* kan gjøre noe skade på kløver, ellers er denne underfamilien av liten økonomisk betydning. Larvene til engsnutebillene skiller seg fra de fleste snutebillelarver ved at de spiser på utsiden av plantene, ikke inne i dem.

## Systematisk inndeling

* Ordenen biller, Coleoptera Linnaeus, 1758
** Underordenen Polyphaga Emery, 1886
*** Gruppen (infraorden) Cucujiformia Lameere, 1938
**** Overfamilien snutebiller, Curculionoidea Latreille, 1802
***** Familien snutebiller, Curculionidae Latreille, 1802
****** Underfamilien **[[engsnutebiller]], [[Hyperinae]]** Lacordaire, 1863
******* Stammen Hyperini Lacordaire, 1863
******** Slekten *[[Hypera]]* Germar, 1817
### Liste over artene

* *[[Hypera abrutiana]]* Desbrochers des Loges, 1903
* *[[Hypera acetosae]]* Dejean, 1821
* *[[Hypera adspersa]]* (Fabricius, 1792) –  i Norge
* *[[Hypera aequabilis]]* Marshall, 1934
* *[[Hypera albonotata]]* Pic, 1925
* *[[Hypera albosquamosa]]* Pic, 1904
* *[[Hypera alternans]]* Dejean, 1821
* *[[Hypera amalek]]* Petri, 1901
* *[[Hypera amasiensis]]* Faust, 1890
* *[[Hypera amoena]]* Sturm, 1826
* *[[Hypera angustula]]* Reitter, 1915
* *[[Hypera anjumanensis]]* Voss, 1963
* *[[Hypera antiqua]]* Giebel, C.G., 1856
* *[[Hypera arator]]* (Linnaeus, 1758) –  i Norge
* *[[Hypera arnoldii]]* Zaslavskij, 1967
* *[[Hypera arundinis]]* (Paykull, G. de, 1792)
* *[[Hypera arvernica]]* Cap., 1867
* *[[Hypera aubei]]* Cap., 1867
* *[[Hypera audax]]* Faust, 1887
* *[[Hypera auliensis]]* Petri, 1901
* *[[Hypera auriflua]]* Waltl, 1835
* *[[Hypera austera]]* Boh. in Schoenh., 1834
* *[[Hypera austriaca]]* Dejean, 1821
* *[[Hypera avernica]]* Petri, 1901
* *[[Hypera barnevillei]]* Cap., 1868
* *[[Hypera barrosi]]* Petri, 1901
* *[[Hypera bawosi]]* E. Guér., 1894
* *[[Hypera bidentata]]* Champion, 1918
* *[[Hypera biglobosa]]* Kirsch, 1880
* *[[Hypera biharica]]* Petri, 1901
* *[[Hypera bipunctata]]* Germar, E.F., 1821
* *[[Hypera bonvouloiri]]* Cap., 1867
* *[[Hypera borealis]]* Krausse, 1900
* *[[Hypera bosnica]]* Petri, 1901
* *[[Hypera bravardi]]* Pic, 1925
* *[[Hypera brucki]]* Cap., 1867
* *[[Hypera brunnipennis]]* (Boheman, 1834)
* *[[Hypera bucovinensis]]* Penecke, 1928
* *[[Hypera budensis]]* Sturm, 1826
* *[[Hypera bulgarica]]* Kippenberg, 1986
* *[[Hypera caliginosa]]* Dejean,
* *[[Hypera callosa]]* Petri, 1901
* *[[Hypera canescens]]* Stephens, 1829
* *[[Hypera capiomonti]]* Petri, 1901
* *[[Hypera carinicollis]]* Petri, 1901
* *[[Hypera carpathica]]* Petri, 1901
* *[[Hypera castor]]* (LeConte, 1876)
* *[[Hypera caucasica]]* Faust, 1887
* *[[Hypera chevrolati]]* Cap., 1868
* *[[Hypera chlorocoma]]* Boh. in Schoenh., 1842
* *[[Hypera circassicola]]* Reitt., 1888
* *[[Hypera coarcticollis]]* Krauss, 1900
* *[[Hypera comata]]* Dejean, 1821
* *[[Hypera compta]]* (Say, 1831)
* *[[Hypera conmaculata]]* (Herbst, J.F.W., 1795)
* *[[Hypera constans]]* Dejean, 1821
* *[[Hypera contaminata]]* (Herbst, J.F.W., 1795)
* *[[Hypera corcyrea]]* Faust, 1887
* *[[Hypera cordicollis]]* Petri, 1901
* *[[Hypera corrosa]]* Desbr., 1899-1900
* *[[Hypera crinita]]* Dejean, 1821
* *[[Hypera croatica]]* Dejean, 1821
* *[[Hypera curtirostris]]* Pic, 1941
* *[[Hypera curtithorax]]* Pic, 1925
* *[[Hypera cypris]]* Reiche & Saulcy, 1857
* *[[Hypera cyrta]]* Germar, E.F., 1821
* *[[Hypera damascena]]* Stierl., 1888
* *[[Hypera dauci]]* Dejean, 1821
* *[[Hypera delarouzei]]* Capiomont, 1868
* *[[Hypera denominanda]]* (Capiomont, 1868) –  i Norge
* *[[Hypera deportata]]* Boh. in Schoenh., 1842
* *[[Hypera deserta]]* (Panzer, G.W.F., 1796)
* *[[Hypera deyrollei]]* Cap., 1868
* *[[Hypera dissimilis]]* Germar, E.F., 1821
* *[[Hypera distinguenda]]* Dejean,
* *[[Hypera diversa]]* Dejean,
* *[[Hypera diversipunctata]]* (Schrank, 1798) –  i Norge
* *[[Hypera dorica]]* Petri, 1901
* *[[Hypera dorsalis]]* Sturm, 1826
* *[[Hypera dubia]]* Cap., 1868
* *[[Hypera dubitabilis]]* Hustache, 1946
* *[[Hypera duplopunctata]]* Petri, 1901
* *[[Hypera educta]]* Tempère, 1972
* *[[Hypera elegans]]* Sturm, 1826
* *[[Hypera elongata]]* Dejean, 1821
* *[[Hypera eos]]* Suvorov, 1912
* *[[Hypera eximia]]* (LeConte, 1876)
* *[[Hypera fabae]]* Hoffmann, 1942
* *[[Hypera fairmairei]]* Cap., 1868
* *[[Hypera fasciculata]]* Germar, E.F., 1821
* *[[Hypera fauconneti]]* Pic, 1925
* *[[Hypera fausti]]* Petri, 1901
* *[[Hypera favarcqui]]* Pic, 1925
* *[[Hypera fiumana]]* Petri, 1901
* *[[Hypera flavicans]]* Dejean, 1821
* *[[Hypera folwacznyi]]* Dieckmann, 1975
* *[[Hypera fulvipes]]* Stephens, 1829
* *[[Hypera fumipes]]* Curtis, 1837
* *[[Hypera fuscocinerea]]* (Marsham, 1802)
* *[[Hypera ganglbaueri]]* Petri, 1901
* *[[Hypera gemina]]* Zaslavskij, 1967
* *[[Hypera glacialis]]* Lomnicki, 1894
* *[[Hypera globosa]]* Dejean, 1821
* *[[Hypera gordiaea]]* Petri, 1901
* *[[Hypera gracilenta]]* Skuhrovec, 2012
* *[[Hypera gravida]]* Dejean, 1821
* *[[Hypera grisea]]* Dejean, 1821
* *[[Hypera grouvellei]]* Hustache, 1929
* *[[Hypera guttipes]]* Cap., 1868
* *[[Hypera helwigii]]* Ziegler,
* *[[Hypera hierichontica]]* Cap., 1868
* *[[Hypera hispidula]]* Dejean, 1821
* *[[Hypera hostilis]]* Ziegler,
* *[[Hypera humilis]]* Dejean,
* *[[Hypera iberica]]* Cap., 1868
* *[[Hypera idriensis]]* Dahl, 1825
* *[[Hypera imbecilla]]* Faust, 1886
* *[[Hypera insubida]]* Germar,
* *[[Hypera insularis]]* Cap., 1867
* *[[Hypera integrisquamis]]* Voss, 1967
* *[[Hypera johanni]]* Reitt., 1896
* *[[Hypera judaica]]* Petri, 1901
* *[[Hypera juvenca]]* Motsch., 1859-1860
* *[[Hypera kayali]]* Skuhrovec, 2006
* *[[Hypera kopalensis]]* Suvorov, 1912
* *[[Hypera korbi]]* Petri, 1901
* *[[Hypera kraatzi]]* Cap., 1867
* *[[Hypera kunzii]]* Germar, 1822
* *[[Hypera latifrons]]* Petri, 1901
* *[[Hypera leonisi]]* Pic, 1925
* *[[Hypera lhostei]]* Hoffmann, 1938
* *[[Hypera libanica]]* Pic, 1914
* *[[Hypera lindbergi]]* Hoffmann, 1957
* *[[Hypera lineata]]* Stephens, 1829
* *[[Hypera lineola]]* Sturm, 1826
* *[[Hypera litigiosa]]* Dejean, 1830
* *[[Hypera longicollis]]* Petri, 1901
* *[[Hypera longior]]* Pic, 1941
* *[[Hypera lucasi]]* Cap., 1867
* *[[Hypera lukjanovitshi]]* Zaslavskij, 1964
* *[[Hypera lunata]]* Titus, 1911
* *[[Hypera lurida]]* Cristofori & Jan, 1832
* *[[Hypera lusitanica]]* Cap., 1868
* *[[Hypera lydia]]* Petri, 1901
* *[[Hypera maculata]]* W. Redt., 1842
* *[[Hypera maculipennis]]* Dejean, 1821
* *[[Hypera maculosa]]* Dejean, 1821
* *[[Hypera maritima]]* (Titus, 1911)
* *[[Hypera marmorata]]* Cap., 1867
* *[[Hypera marmottani]]* Cap., 1868
* *[[Hypera mauritanica]]* Cap., 1868
* *[[Hypera medicaginis]]* Marshall, 1913
* *[[Hypera mehadiensis]]* Sturm, 1826
* *[[Hypera melancholica]]* (Fabricius, J.C., 1792)
* *[[Hypera melarhyncha]]* Germar, E.F., 1821
* *[[Hypera meles]]* (Fabricius, 1792) –  i Norge
* *[[Hypera meridionalis]]* Villa & Villa, 1835
* *[[Hypera micans]]* Sturm, 186-
* *[[Hypera miles]]* Stephens, 1829
* *[[Hypera minuta]]* Petri, 1901
* *[[Hypera mixta]]* Dejean, 1821
* *[[Hypera mniszechi]]* Cap., 1867
* *[[Hypera moczarskii]]* Penecke, 1936
* *[[Hypera montivaga]]* Capiomont, 1868
* *[[Hypera multifida]]* Israelson, 1984
* *[[Hypera murina]]* Dejean, 1821
* *[[Hypera mutabilis]]* Germar, E.F., 1821
* *[[Hypera mutatoria]]* Faust, 1887
* *[[Hypera nebulosa]]* Stephens, 1831
* *[[Hypera nigrescens]]* Suvorov, 1912
* kløvergnager *[[Hypera nigrirostris]]* (Fabricius, 1775) –  i Norge
* *[[Hypera nivosa]]* Petri, 1901
* *[[Hypera normandi]]* Hoffmann, 1957
* *[[Hypera noscibilis]]* Faust, 1890
* *[[Hypera noscidia]]* Faust, 1889
* *[[Hypera obovata]]* (Csiki, 1934) –  i Norge
* *[[Hypera obscura]]* Capiomont, 1867
* *[[Hypera obtusa]]* Rosenhauer, 1856
* *[[Hypera ocellata]]* Champion, 1902-04
* *[[Hypera okeni]]* Gistl, J., 1835
* *[[Hypera ononidis]]* (Chevrolat, 1863)
* *[[Hypera ophthalmica]]* Desbrochers des Loges, 1898-99
* *[[Hypera orientalis]]* Capiomont, 1867
* *[[Hypera ornata]]* (Capiomont, 1864)
* *[[Hypera ovalis]]* Boheman in Schönherr, 1842
* *[[Hypera oxalidis]]* Smreczynski, 1926
* *[[Hypera oxalis]]* Dejean, 1821
* *[[Hypera pallida]]* Dejean, 1821
* *[[Hypera paludicola]]* Warner, 1973
* *[[Hypera palumbaria]]* Germar, E.F., 1821
* *[[Hypera palustris]]* Stephens, 1831
* *[[Hypera pantherina]]* Capiomont, 1867
* *[[Hypera parallela]]* Dejean, 1821
* *[[Hypera pastinacae]]* (Rossi, P., 1790)
* *[[Hypera pedestris]]* Dejean, 1821
* *[[Hypera perplexa]]* Capiomont, 1868
* *[[Hypera perrisi]]* Capiomont, 1868
* *[[Hypera petrii]]* Desbrochers des Loges, 1908
* *[[Hypera phaeopa]]* Stephens, 1829
* *[[Hypera philanthus]]* Dejean, 1821
* *[[Hypera picicornis]]* Stephens, 1831
* *[[Hypera picipes]]* Curtis, 1826Fischer de Waldheim, 1830
* *[[Hypera plantaginis]]* (Degeer, 1775) –  i Norge
* *[[Hypera plochardi]]* Capiomont, 1868
* *[[Hypera pollux]]* Germar, E.F., 1821
* *[[Hypera polygoni]]* Germar, 1817
* *[[Hypera porcella]]* Capiomont, 1868
* lusernegnager *[[Hypera postica]]* (Gyllenhal, 1813) –  i Norge
* *[[Hypera praecomata]]* Lomnicki, 1894
* *[[Hypera proxima]]* Capiomont, 1875
* *[[Hypera pruinosa]]* Suvorov, 1912
* *[[Hypera przewalskii]]* Suvorov, 1912
* *[[Hypera pseudotenuirostris]]* Skuhrovec & Winkelmann, 2008
* *[[Hypera pubescens]]* Ziegler,
* *[[Hypera pubicollis]]* (LeConte, 1876)
* *[[Hypera punctata]]* (Fabricius, 1775)
* *[[Hypera puncticauda]]* Motschulsky in Schrenck, 1860
* *[[Hypera punctulata]]* Dejean, 1821
* *[[Hypera pusilla]]* Petri, 1912
* *[[Hypera pustulata]]* (Frivaldszky, 1884)
* *[[Hypera pyrenaea]]* Capiomont, 1867
* *[[Hypera pyrrhodactylus]]* Stephens, 1829
* *[[Hypera quadratocollis]]* Petri, 1901
* *[[Hypera quadricollis]]* (LeConte, 1876)
* *[[Hypera reductirostris]]* Pic, 1925
* *[[Hypera reichei]]* Capiomont, 1868
* *[[Hypera reitteri]]* Faust, 1887
* *[[Hypera repanda]]* Germar, E.F., 1821
* *[[Hypera rotundata]]* Capiomont, 1867
* *[[Hypera rubi]]* Krauss, 1900
* *[[Hypera rudicollis]]* Capiomont, 1868
* *[[Hypera rufimembris]]* Pic, 1925
* *[[Hypera rufipes]]* Stephens, 1829
* *[[Hypera rugulosa]]* Petri, 1901
* *[[Hypera rumicis]]* (Linnaeus, 1758) –  i Norge
* *[[Hypera saulcyi]]* Capiomont, 1867
* *[[Hypera scanica]]* Germar, 1817
* *[[Hypera scapularis]]* Chevrolat, 1860
* *[[Hypera segnis]]* Capiomont, 1867
* *[[Hypera seigneurici]]* Tempère, 1984
* *[[Hypera septentrionalis]]* Kippenberg, 1986
* *[[Hypera seriata]]* (Mannerheim, 1853)
* *[[Hypera siccensis]]* Thompson, 2006
* *[[Hypera sierrana]]* Capiomont, 1868
* *[[Hypera signata]]* Grimmer, K.H.B., 1841
* *[[Hypera socialis]]* Boheman in Schönherr, 1842
* *[[Hypera solida]]* Petri, 1901
* *[[Hypera sordida]]* Dejean,
* *[[Hypera souvorovi]]* Fleisch., 1909
* *[[Hypera spissa]]* Boheman in Schönherr, 1842
* *[[Hypera straminea]]* Stephens, 1829
* *[[Hypera striata]]* Sturm, 1826
* *[[Hypera stulta]]* Faust, 1883
* *[[Hypera suanetica]]* Petri, 1901
* *[[Hypera subfasciculata]]* Zaslavskij, 1967
* *[[Hypera sublineata]]* Curtis, 1826
* *[[Hypera subuniformis]]* Pic, 1914
* *[[Hypera sushkini]]* Zaslavskij, 1979
* *[[Hypera suspiciosa]]* (Herbst, 1795) –  i Norge
* *[[Hypera swanetica]]* Faust, 1887
* *[[Hypera tamarisci]]* Dejean, 1821
* *[[Hypera taraxaci]]* Dahl,
* *[[Hypera taurica]]* Zaslavskij, 1967
* *[[Hypera temperei]]* Hoffmann, 1958
* *[[Hypera tesselata]]* Dejean, 1821
* *[[Hypera tigrina]]* Waltl, 1835
* *[[Hypera timida]]* Dejean, 1830
* *[[Hypera trifolii]]* Dejean, 1821
* *[[Hypera tristis]]* Cristofori & Jan, 1832
* *[[Hypera trivittata]]* (Say, 1831)
* *[[Hypera tumida]]* Dejean, 1821
* *[[Hypera variabilis]]* Sturm, 1826
* *[[Hypera venusta]]* (Fabricius, 1781) –  i Norge
* *[[Hypera viciae]]* (Gyllenhal, 1813) –  i Norge
* *[[Hypera vicina]]* Cristofori & Jan, 1832
* *[[Hypera vidua]]* Gené, 1837 –  i Norge
* *[[Hypera viennensis]]* Sturm,
* *[[Hypera villosula]]* Curtis, 1826
* *[[Hypera virescens]]* Petri, 1901
* *[[Hypera visnagae]]* Capiomont, 1868
* *[[Hypera zoilus]]* (Scopoli, 1763) –  i Norge

## Referanser




## Eksterne lenker
* UK Beetles - Hyperinae. Med bilder av den britiske artene https://www.ukbeetles.co.uk/hyperinae
* Fitzgerald, T.D.: ''Social Caterpillars''

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