Marianne Skogbrott Birkeland

**Marianne Skogbrott Birkeland** (født 1979) er en norsk psykolog og traumeforsker. Hun er forsker I ved Nasjonalt kunnskapssenter om vold og traumatisk stress (NKVTS) og professor II i psykologi ved Psykologisk institutt (PSI) ved Universitetet i Oslo.

## Karriere
Hun er utdannet cand.psychol. ved Universitetet i Bergen (2005). Hun var deretter ansatt ved HEMIL-senteret ved Det psykologiske fakultet ved UiB. Hun tok doktorgraden i psykologi samme sted med avhandlingen *Development of global self-esteem during adolescence and young adulthood* (2013). Deretter ble hun forsker II ved Nasjonalt kunnskapssenter om vold og traumatisk stress (NKVTS) og førsteamanuensis i psykologi ved Psykologisk institutt (PSI) ved Universitetet i Oslo. Hun fikk professorkompetanse i psykologi i 2021.

Hun forsker på endringsmekanismer for psykopatologi i tilknytning til traumatiske hendelser, og særlig på posttraumatisk stresslidelse (PTSD). Hun forsker også på teknologi som støtte i behandling av PTSD og på statistiske metoder i tilknytning til komplekse problemstillinger på dette feltet. Hun har gjennomført flere forskningsprosjekter på posttraumatisk stresslidelse som følge av katastrofe- og terrorhendelser, bl.a. terrorangrepene i Norge 2011, Scandinavian Star-ulykken og Covid-19-pandemien.

## Publikasjoner
*Birkeland, M. S., Blix, I., & Thoresen, S. (2020). Trauma in the third decade: Ruminative coping, social relationships and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Journal of Affective Disorders. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.095
*Birkeland, M. S., Holt, T., Ormhaug, S. M., & Jensen, T. K. (2020). Perceived social support and posttraumatic stress symptoms in children and youth in therapy: A parallel process latent growth curve model. Behaviour Research and Therapy. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2020.103655
*Blix, I., Birkeland, M. S., & Thoresen, S. (2020). Vivid memories of distant trauma: Examining the characteristics of trauma memories and the relationship with the centrality of event and posttraumatic stress 26 years after trauma. Applied Cognitive Psychology. doi:10.1002/acp.3650
*Fosse, R., Birkeland, M. S., Blix, I., Strand, M., Møller, P., & Thoresen, S. (2020). Covid-19: Reaksjoner hos brukere av behandlings­tilbud for psykiske vansker og rusproblemer. Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening, 57(11), 804-815.
*Birkeland, M. S., Greene, T., & Spiller, T. (2019). The network approach to posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 11:1700614(1), 1-15. doi:10.1080/20008198.2019.1700614
*Birkeland, M. S., Strøm, I. F., Myhre, M. C., & Thoresen, S. (2019). Am I an island? A network analysis exploring aspects of social landscapes after childhood violence. Psychological Trauma. doi:10.1037/tra0000483
*Birkeland, M. S., Aakvaag, H. F., Strøm, I. F., & Thoresen, S. (2019). Sosiale relasjoner som konsekvens og risikofaktor. I H. F. Aakvaag & I. F. Strøm (Red.) Vold i oppveksten: Varige spor? En longitudinell undersøkelse av reviktimisering, helse, rus og sosiale relasjoner hos unge utsatt for vold i barndommen (s. 111-131). Oslo: Nasjonalt kunnskapssenter om vold og traumatisk stress.
*Jensen, T. K., Skar, A. M. S., Andersson, E. S., & Birkeland, M. S. (2019). Long-term mental health in unaccompanied refugee minors: Pre- and post-flight predictors. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. doi:10.1007/s00787-019-01340-6
*Olff, M., Amstadter, A. B., Armour, C., Birkeland, M. S., Bui, E., Cloitre, M., . . . Thoresen, S. et al. (2019). A decennial review of psychotraumatology: what did we learn and where are we going. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 10(1), 1-24. doi:10.1080/20008198.2019.1672948
*Strøm, I. F., Birkeland, M. S., Aakvaag, H. F., & Thoresen, S. (2019). Trajectories of Alcohol Use and Alcohol Intoxication in Young Adults Exposed to Childhood Violence and Later Problematic Drinking Behavior. Journal of Family Violence. doi:10.1007/s10896-019-00094-8
*Thoresen, S., Birkeland, M. S., Arnberg, F. K., Wentzel-Larsen, T., & Blix, I. (2019). Long-term mental health and social support in victims of disaster: comparison with a general population sample. BJPsych Open, 5(1). doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.74
*Blix, I., Kanten, A. B., Birkeland, M. S., & Thoresen, S. (2018). Imagining What Could Have Happened: Types and Vividness of Counterfactual Thoughts and the Relationship With Post-traumatic Stress Reactions. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00515
*Strøm, I. F., Aakvaag, H. F., Birkeland, M. S., & Thoresen, S.Felix, E. (2018). The mediating role of shame in the relationship between childhood bullying victimization and adult psychosocial adjustment. [El papel mediador de la verguenza en la relacion entre la victimizacion por acoso en la infancia y el ajuste psicosocial de los adultos]. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 9(1). doi:10.1080/20008198.2017.1418570
*Thoresen, S., Birkeland, M. S., Wentzel-Larsen, T., & Blix, I. (2018). Loss of trust may never heal. Institutional trust in disaster victims in a long-term perspective: Associations with social support and mental health. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1204. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01204
*Thoresen, S., Aakvaag, H. F., Strøm, I. F., Wentzel-Larsen, T., & Birkeland, M. S. (2018). Loneliness as a mediator of the relationship between shame and health problems in young people exposed to childhood violence. Social Science and Medicine, 211, 183-189. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.06.002
*Birkeland, M. S., & Heir, T. (2017). Making connections: exploring the centrality of posttraumatic stress symptoms and covariates after a terrorist attack. European Journal of Psychotraumatology. doi:10.1080/20008198.2017.1333387
*Birkeland, M. S., Blix, I., Solberg, Ø., & Heir, T. (2017). Does optimism act as a buffer against posttraumatic stress over time? A longitudinal study of the protective role of optimism after the 2011 Oslo bombing.. Psychological Trauma, 9(2), 207-213. doi:10.1037/tra0000188
*Birkeland, M. S., Blix, I., Solberg, Ø., & Heir, T. (2017). Gender Differences in Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms after a Terrorist Attack: A Network Approach. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02091
*Birkeland, M. S., Hansen, M., Blix, I., Solberg, Ø., & Heir, T. (2017). For Whom Does Time Heal Wounds? Individual Differences in Stability and Change in Posttraumatic Stress after the 2011 Oslo Bombing. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 30(1), 19-26. doi:10.1002/jts.22158
*Birkeland, M. S., Nielsen, M. B., Hansen, M., Knardahl, S., & Heir, T. (2017). Like a bridge over troubled water? A longitudinal study of general social support, colleague support, and leader support as recovery factors after a traumatic event. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 8(1). doi:10.1080/20008198.2017.1302692
*Birkeland, M. S., Nielsen, M. B., Hansen, M., Knardahl, S., & Heir, T. (2017). The impact of a workplace terrorist attack on employees’ perceptions of leadership: A longitudinal study from pre- to postdisaster. Leadership Quarterly, 28(5), 659-671. doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2017.01.002
*Hansen, M., Birkeland, M. S., Nissen, A., Blix, I., Solberg, Ø., & Heir, T. (2017). Prevalence and course of symptom-defined PTSD in individuals directly or indirectly exposed to terror: A longitudinal study. Psychiatry, 80(2), 171-183. doi:10.1080/00332747.2016.1230983
*Nielsen, M. B., Birkeland, M. S., Hansen, M., Knardahl, S., & Heir, T. (2017). Victimization from workplace bullying after a traumatic event: time-lagged relationships with symptoms of posttraumatic stress. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 90(5), 411-421. doi:10.1007/s00420-017-1204-4
*Valla, L., Birkeland, M. S., Hofoss, D., & Slinning, K. (2017). Developmental pathways in infants from 4 to 24 months. Child: Care, Health and Development, 43(4), 546-555. doi:10.1111/cch.12467
*Birkeland, M. S., Knatten, C. K., Hansen, M., Hem, C., & Heir, T. (2016). Long-term relationships between perceived social support and posttraumatic stress after the 2011 Oslo bombing: A three-year longitudinal study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 202, 230-235. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.037
*Blix, I., Birkeland, M. S., Hansen, M., & Heir, T. (2016). Posttraumatic Growth—An Antecedent and Outcome of Posttraumatic Stress: Cross-Lagged Associations Among Individuals Exposed to Terrorism. Clinical Psychological Science, 4(4), 620-628. doi:10.1177/2167702615615866
*Blix, I., Birkeland, M. S., Solberg, Ø., Hansen, M., & Heir, T. (2016). The Launching and Ensnaring Effects of Construing a Traumatic Event as Central to One’s Identity and Life Story. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 30(4), 526-531. doi:10.1002/acp.3224
*Blix, I., Kanten, A. B., Birkeland, M. S., Solberg, Ø., Nissen, A., & Heir, T. (2016). Thinking About What Might Have Happened: Counterfactual Thinking and Post-traumatic Stress in Individuals Directly and Indirectly Exposed to the 2011 Oslo Bombing. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 30(6), 983-991. doi:10.1002/acp.3289
*Holsen, I., & Birkeland, M. S. (2016). Course, predictors, and outcomes of depressed mood in a cohort of Norwegian adolescents followed from age 13 into adulthood age 30. Emerging Adulthood, 5(1), 3. doi:10.1177/2167696816635810
*Solberg, Ø., Birkeland, M. S., Blix, I., Hansen, M., & Heir, T. (2016). Towards an exposure-dependent model of Posttraumatic stress: Longitudinal Course of Posttraumatic stress Symptomatology and Functional Impairment after the 2011 Oslo Bombing. Psychological Medicine, 46(15), 3241-3254. doi:10.1017/S0033291716001860
*Valla, L., Wentzel-Larsen, T., Smith, L., Birkeland, M. S., & Slinning, K. (2016). Association between maternal postnatal depressive symptoms and infants’ communication skills: A longitudinal study. Infant Behavior and Development, 45, 83-90. doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2016.10.001
*Birkeland, M. S., Hafstad, G. S., Blix, I., & Heir, T. (2015). Latent classes of posttraumatic stress and growth. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 28(3), 272-286. doi:10.1080/10615806.2014.956097
*Birkeland, M. S., Nielsen, M. B., Knardahl, S., & Heir, T. (2015). Associations between work environment and psychological distress after a workplace terror attack: The importance of role expectations, predictability and leader support. PLoS ONE, 10(3). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119492
*Birkeland, M. S., Nielsen, M. B., Knardahl, S., & Heir, T. (2015). Time-lagged relationships between leadership behaviors and psychological distress after a workplace terrorist attack. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 89(4), 689-697. doi:10.1007/s00420-015-1106-2
*Blix, I., Birkeland, M. S., Hansen, M., & Heir, T. (2015). Posttraumatic Growth and Centrality of Event: A Longitudinal Study in the Aftermath of the 2011 Oslo Bombing. Psychological Trauma, 7(1), 18-23. doi:10.1037/tra0000006
*Birkeland, M. S., Breivik, K., & Wold, B. (2014). Peer acceptance protects global self-esteem from negative effects of low closeness to parents during adolescence and early adulthood. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43(1), 70-80. doi:10.1007/s10964-013-9929-1
*Birkeland, M. S., Torsheim, T., Leversen, I., & Wold, B. (2014). Pathways to adulthood and their precursors and outcomes. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 55(1), 26-32. doi:10.1111/sjop.12087
*Blix, I., Hansen, M., Birkeland, M. S., Nissen, A., & Heir, T. (2013). Posttraumatic growth, posttraumatic stress and psychological adjustment in the aftermath of the 2011 Oslo bombing attack. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 11:160. doi:10.1186/1477-7525-11-160
*Birkeland, M. S., Melkevik, O., Holsen, I., & Wold, B. (2012). Trajectories of global self-esteem development during adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 35(1), 43-54. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.06.006
*Holsen, I., Jones, D. C., & Birkeland, M. S. (2012). Body image satisfaction among Norwegian adolescents and young adults: A longitudinal study of the influence of interpersonal relationships and BMI. Body image, 9(2), 201-208. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2012.01.006
*Leversen, I., Danielsen, A. G., Birkeland, M. S., & Samdal, O. (2012). Basic psychological need satisfaction in leisure activities and adolescents’ life satisfaction. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 41(12), 1588-1599. doi:10.1007/s10964-012-9776-5
*Birkeland, M. S., Rimehaug, T., Arefjord, K., & Jøraas, T. (2009). Klienters erfaringer med e-terapi som tillegg til vanlig psykoterapi. Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening, 46(4), 348-354.
*Birkeland, M. S., Torsheim, T., & Wold, B. (2009). A longitudinal study of the relationship between leisure-time physical activity and depressed mood among adolescents. Psychology of Sport And Exercise, 10(1), 25-34. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2008.01.005
*Jøraas, E., Rimehaug, T., Birkeland, M. S., & Arefjord, K. (2009). E-terapi som supplement i poliklinisk oppfølging av ungdom – en kvalitativ studie av terapeuterfaringer. Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening, 46(4), 355-361.

## Referanser