Cephaloleia

***Cephaloleia*** er en artsrik slekt av biller som tilhører familiegruppen bladbiller (Chrysomelidae). Både larvene og de voksne (imago) er planteetere.

## Utseende
Nokså små (gjerne ca. 5 millimeter), avlange, noe flate til svakt hvelvede, blanke skjoldbiller, nokså variable i fargen, ofte helt eller delvis rødlige eller brunlige. Antennene er tynne, litt tykkere mor spissen, gjerne omtrent halvparten så lange som kroppen. Gruppen kan kjennes fra beslektede grupper på at hodet er synlig ovenfra fordi pronotum er innbuktet i midten foran, at dekkvingene er glatte uten lengderibber eller kraftig punktering, men med 10 fine punktrader. Pronotum er avrundet firkantet, ytterkanten danner ikke en kontinuerlig kurve med dekkvingene, som er mer eller mindre jevnbrede. Larvene er ovale og flate.

## Levevis
Både larver og voksne lever på planter og eter fra dem. Artene er knyttet til enfrøbladete planter, for det meste i gruppen Zingiberales, men noen går på andre plantegrupper som palmer og orkideer.

## Utbredelse
Slekten er utbredt i Mellom- og Sør-Amerika.

## Systematisk inndeling

Hispinae inkluderer noen ganger gruppen (underfamilien) skjoldbiller, da som stammen Cassidini, i denne oversikten er den holdt utenfor, og plassert inn i som søstergruppen skjoldbiller. Andre klassifikasjoner plasserer denne gruppen (som Hispini) som en undergruppe av skjoldbillene.

* orden **[[biller]]** (Coleoptera)
** underorden **[[Polyphaga]]**
*** overfamilie **[[Chrysomeloidea]]** Latreille, 1802 (=Phytophaga) 
**** familien  bladbiller (Chrysomelidae Latreille, 1802) 
***** underfamilien skjoldbiller, Cassidinae
****** stamme **[[Imatidiini]]** Hope, 1840
******* slekten ***Cephaloleia*** Chevrolat *in* Dejean, 1836
******** *[[Cephaloleia abdita]]* Staines, 2014
******** *[[Cephaloleia abdominalis]]* Pic, 1926
******** *[[Cephaloleia adusta]]* Uhmann, 1930
******** *[[Cephaloleia aeneipennis]]* Baly, 1858
******** *[[Cephaloleia aequilata]]* Uhmann, 1930
******** *[[Cephaloleia affinis]]* Baly, 1858
******** *[[Cephaloleia alternans]]* Waterhouse, 1881
******** *[[Cephaloleia amazona]]* Baly, 1869
******** *[[Cephaloleia amba]]* Staines, 2014
******** *[[Cephaloleia amblys]]* Staines, 1996
******** *[[Cephaloleia angustacollis]]* Staines, 2014
******** *[[Cephaloleia antennalis]]* Donckier, 1899
******** *[[Cephaloleia antennata]]* Waterhouse, 1881
******** *[[Cephaloleia apicalis]]* Baly, 1858
******** *[[Cephaloleia apicata]]* Uhmann, 1930
******** *[[Cephaloleia apicenotata]]* Uhmann, 1938
******** *[[Cephaloleia apicicornis]]* Baly, 1869
******** *[[Cephaloleia applicata]]* Pic, 1923
******** *[[Cephaloleia approximata]]* Baly, 1869
******** *[[Cephaloleia atriceps]]* Pic, 1926
******** *[[Cephaloleia balyi]]* Duvivier, 1890
******** *[[Cephaloleia barroi]]* Uhmann, 1959
******** *[[Cephaloleia basalis]]* Pic, 1926
******** *[[Cephaloleia bella]]* Baly, 1885
******** *[[Cephaloleia belti]]* Baly, 1885
******** *[[Cephaloleia bicolor]]* Uhmann, 1930
******** *[[Cephaloleia bicoloripes]]* Pic, 1926
******** *[[Cephaloleia bifasciata]]* Weise, 1905
******** *[[Cephaloleia bondari]]* Monrós, 1945
******** *[[Cephaloleia brevis]]* Staines, 2014
******** *[[Cephaloleia brunnea]]* Staines, 1996
******** *[[Cephaloleia bucki]]* Uhmann, 1957
******** *[[Cephaloleia caerulenta]]* Baly, 1875
******** *[[Cephaloleia calathae]]* Staines, 2014
******** *[[Cephaloleia castanea]]* Pic, 1929
******** *[[Cephaloleia championi]]* Baly, 1885
******** *[[Cephaloleia chevrolatii]]* Baly, 1858
******** *[[Cephaloleia chica]]* Staines, 2014
******** *[[Cephaloleia chimboana]]* Uhmann, 1938
******** *[[Cephaloleia clarkella]]* Baly, 1858
******** *[[Cephaloleia cognata]]* Baly, 1869
******** *[[Cephaloleia collaris]]* Weise, 1910
******** *[[Cephaloleia conforma]]* Staines, 2014
******** *[[Cephaloleia congener]]* Baly, 1885
******** *[[Cephaloleia consanguinea]]* Baly, 1885
******** *[[Cephaloleia convexifrons]]* Pic, 1923
******** *[[Cephaloleia corallina]]* Erichson, 1847
******** *[[Cephaloleia coroicoana]]* Uhmann, 1930
******** *[[Cephaloleia costaricensis]]* Uhmann, 1930
******** *[[Cephaloleia crenulata]]* Staines, 2014
******** *[[Cephaloleia cyanea]]* Staines, 1996
******** *[[Cephaloleia cylindrica]]* Staines, 1996
******** *[[Cephaloleia daguana]]* Uhmann, 1930
******** *[[Cephaloleia deficiens]]* Uhmann, 1930
******** *[[Cephaloleia degandei]]* Baly, 1858
******** *[[Cephaloleia delectabilis]]* Staines, 1996
******** *[[Cephaloleia deplanata]]* Uhmann, 1927
******** *[[Cephaloleia depressa]]* Baly, 1858
******** *[[Cephaloleia deyrollei]]* Baly, 1858
******** *[[Cephaloleia dilatata]]* Uhmann, 1948
******** *[[Cephaloleia dilaticollis]]* Baly, 1858
******** *[[Cephaloleia dilectans]]* Pic, 1923
******** *[[Cephaloleia dimidiaticornis]]* Baly, 1869
******** *[[Cephaloleia diplothemium]]* Uhmann, 1951
******** *[[Cephaloleia discoidalis]]* Baly, 1885
******** *[[Cephaloleia disjuncta]]* Staines, 1998
******** *[[Cephaloleia distincta]]* Baly, 1885
******** *[[Cephaloleia donckieri]]* Pic, 1926
******** *[[Cephaloleia dorsalis]]* Baly, 1885
******** *[[Cephaloleia elaeidis]]* Maulik, 1924
******** *[[Cephaloleia elegantula]]* Baly, 1885
******** *[[Cephaloleia emarginata]]* Baly, 1875
******** *[[Cephaloleia emdeni]]* Uhmann, 1930
******** *[[Cephaloleia erichsonii]]* Baly, 1858
******** *[[Cephaloleia erugatus]]* Staines, 1996
******** *[[Cephaloleia eumorpha]]* Staines, 1996
******** *[[Cephaloleia exigua]]* Uhmann, 1930
******** *[[Cephaloleia eximia]]* Baly, 1858
******** *[[Cephaloleia facetus]]* Staines, 1996
******** *[[Cephaloleia fasciata]]* Weise, 1904
******** *[[Cephaloleia felix]]* Waterhouse, 1881
******** *[[Cephaloleia fenestrata]]* Weise, 1910
******** *[[Cephaloleia fiebrigi]]* Uhmann, 1936
******** *[[Cephaloleia flava]]* Uhmann, 1930
******** *[[Cephaloleia flavipennis]]* Baly, 1869
******** *[[Cephaloleia flavovittata]]* Baly, 1858
******** *[[Cephaloleia forestieri]]* Pic, 1926
******** *[[Cephaloleia formosus]]* Staines, 1996
******** *[[Cephaloleia fryella]]* Baly, 1858
******** *[[Cephaloleia fulvicollis]]* Weise, 1910
******** *[[Cephaloleia fulvipes]]* Baly, 1858
******** *[[Cephaloleia fulvolimbata]]* Baly, 1885
******** *[[Cephaloleia funesta]]* Baly, 1858
******** *[[Cephaloleia gemma]]* Staines, 2014
******** *[[Cephaloleia gilvipes]]* Uhmann, 1930
******** *[[Cephaloleia gracilis]]* Baly, 1878
******** *[[Cephaloleia gratiosa]]* Baly, 1858
******** *[[Cephaloleia grayei]]* Baly, 1858
******** *[[Cephaloleia halli]]* Uhmann, 1951
******** *[[Cephaloleia heliconiae]]* Uhmann, 1930
******** *[[Cephaloleia histrio]]* Guérin-Méneville, 1844
******** *[[Cephaloleia histrionica]]* Baly, 1885
******** *[[Cephaloleia h-nigrum]]* Pic, 1923
******** *[[Cephaloleia horvitzae]]* Staines, 2014
******** *[[Cephaloleia humeralis]]* Weise, 1910
******** *[[Cephaloleia immaculata]]* Staines, 1996
******** *[[Cephaloleia impressa]]* Uhmann, 1930
******** *[[Cephaloleia insidiosa]]* Pic, 1923
******** *[[Cephaloleia instabilis]]* Baly, 1885
******** *[[Cephaloleia interrupta]]* Staines, 2014
******** *[[Cephaloleia interstilialis]]* Weise, 1904
******** *[[Cephaloleia irregularis]]* Uhmann, 1930
******** *[[Cephaloleia kolbei]]* Weise, 1910
******** *[[Cephaloleia kressi]]* Staines, 2014
******** *[[Cephaloleia kuprewiczae]]* Robledo, Staines & Kress, 2015
******** *[[Cephaloleia laeta]]* Waterhouse, 1881
******** *[[Cephaloleia lali]]* Uhmann
******** *[[Cephaloleia lata]]* Baly, 1885
******** *[[Cephaloleia lateralis]]* Baly, 1885
******** *[[Cephaloleia latipennis]]* Pic, 1928
******** *[[Cephaloleia lenticula]]* Staines, 2014
******** *[[Cephaloleia lepida]]* Staines, 1996
******** *[[Cephaloleia leucoxantha]]* Baly, 1885
******** *[[Cephaloleia linki]]* Uhmann, 1939
******** *[[Cephaloleia lojaensis]]* Pic, 1931
******** *[[Cephaloleia luctuosa]]* Guérin-Méneville, 1844
******** *[[Cephaloleia luridipennis]]* (Weise, 1905)
******** *[[Cephaloleia lydiae]]* Uhmann, 1954
******** *[[Cephaloleia macella]]* Pic, 1923
******** *[[Cephaloleia maculipennis]]* Baly, 1858
******** *[[Cephaloleia marantae]]* Uhmann, 1957
******** *[[Cephaloleia marginella]]* Uhmann, 1930
******** *[[Cephaloleia marshalli]]* Uhmann, 1938
******** *[[Cephaloleia mauliki]]* Uhmann, 1930
******** *[[Cephaloleia maxima]]* Uhmann, 1942
******** *[[Cephaloleia metallescens]]* Baly, 1885
******** *[[Cephaloleia nana]]* Staines, 2014
******** *[[Cephaloleia neglecta]]* Weise, 1910
******** *[[Cephaloleia nevermanni]]* Uhmann, 1930
******** *[[Cephaloleia nigriceps]]* Baly, 1869
******** *[[Cephaloleia nigricornis]]* (Fabricius, 1792)
******** *[[Cephaloleia nigrithorax]]* Pic, 1930
******** *[[Cephaloleia nigropicta]]* Baly, 1885
******** *[[Cephaloleia nitida]]* Uhmann, 1930
******** *[[Cephaloleia nubila]]* Weise, 1905
******** *[[Cephaloleia obsoleta]]* Weise, 1910
******** *[[Cephaloleia ochra]]* Staines, 2014
******** *[[Cephaloleia opaca]]* Baly, 1858
******** *[[Cephaloleia orchideivora]]* Sekerka, Windsor & Staines, 2013
******** *[[Cephaloleia ornata]]* Waterhouse, 1881
******** *[[Cephaloleia ornatrix]]* Donckier, 1899
******** *[[Cephaloleia ornatula]]* Donckier, 1899
******** *[[Cephaloleia palmarum]]* Pic, 1923
******** *[[Cephaloleia parenthesis]]* Weise, 1904
******** *[[Cephaloleia partita]]* Weise, 1910
******** *[[Cephaloleia parvula]]* Weise, 1910
******** *[[Cephaloleia perplexa]]* Baly, 1885
******** *[[Cephaloleia picta]]* Baly, 1858
******** *[[Cephaloleia placida]]* Baly, 1885
******** *[[Cephaloleia polita]]* Weise, 1910
******** *[[Cephaloleia postuma]]* Weise, 1905
******** *[[Cephaloleia presignis]]* Staines, 1996
******** *[[Cephaloleia pretiosa]]* Baly, 1858
******** *[[Cephaloleia princeps]]* Baly, 1858
******** *[[Cephaloleia proxima]]* Baly, 1858
******** *[[Cephaloleia pulchella]]* Baly, 1858
******** *[[Cephaloleia punctatissima]]* Weise, 1910
******** *[[Cephaloleia puncticollis]]* Baly, 1885
******** *[[Cephaloleia quadrilineata]]* Baly, 1885
******** *[[Cephaloleia quinquemaculata]]* Weise, 1910
******** *[[Cephaloleia recondita]]* Pic, 1923
******** *[[Cephaloleia reventazonica]]* Uhmann, 1930
******** *[[Cephaloleia rosenbergi]]* Weise, 1905
******** *[[Cephaloleia rubra]]* Staines, 1996
******** *[[Cephaloleia ruficollis]]* Baly, 1858
******** *[[Cephaloleia rufipes]]* Pic, 1929
******** *[[Cephaloleia sagittifera]]* Uhmann, 1939
******** *[[Cephaloleia sallei]]* Baly, 1858
******** *[[Cephaloleia sandersoni]]* Staines, 1996
******** *[[Cephaloleia saundersii]]* Baly, 1858
******** *[[Cephaloleia schmidti]]* Uhmann, 1933
******** *[[Cephaloleia scitulus]]* Staines, 1996
******** *[[Cephaloleia semivittata]]* Baly, 1885
******** *[[Cephaloleia separata]]* Baly, 1885
******** *[[Cephaloleia simoni]]* Pic, 1934
******** *[[Cephaloleia splendida]]* Staines, 1996
******** *[[Cephaloleia stainesi]]* Staines, 2014
******** *[[Cephaloleia steinhousei]]* Uhmann, 1961
******** *[[Cephaloleia stenosoma]]* Baly, 1885
******** *[[Cephaloleia stevensi]]* Baly, 1885
******** *[[Cephaloleia striata]]* Weise, 1910
******** *[[Cephaloleia suaveola]]* Baly, 1885
******** *[[Cephaloleia subdepressa]]* Baly, 1878
******** *[[Cephaloleia succincta]]* Guérin-Méneville, 1844
******** *[[Cephaloleia sulciceps]]* Baly, 1885
******** *[[Cephaloleia susanae]]* Staines, 2014
******** *[[Cephaloleia suturalis]]* Baly, 1885
******** *[[Cephaloleia tarsata]]* Baly, 1858
******** *[[Cephaloleia tenella]]* Baly, 1885
******** *[[Cephaloleia tetraspilota]]* Guérin-Méneville, 1844
******** *[[Cephaloleia teutonica]]* Uhmann, 1937
******** *[[Cephaloleia thiemei]]* Weise, 1910
******** *[[Cephaloleia triangularis]]* Staines, 1996
******** *[[Cephaloleia trilineata]]* Uhmann, 1942
******** *[[Cephaloleia trimaculata]]* Baly, 1858
******** *[[Cephaloleia trivittata]]* Baly, 1885
******** *[[Cephaloleia trunctatipennis]]* Baly, 1869
******** *[[Cephaloleia tucumana]]* Weise, 1904
******** *[[Cephaloleia turrialbana]]* Uhmann, 1930
******** *[[Cephaloleia uhmanni]]* Staines, 1996
******** *[[Cephaloleia unctula]]* Pic, 1923
******** *[[Cephaloleia uniguttata]]* Pic, 1926
******** *[[Cephaloleia vagelineata]]* Pic, 1926
******** *[[Cephaloleia variabilis]]* Staines, 1996
******** *[[Cephaloleia vicina]]* Baly, 1858
******** *[[Cephaloleia vittata]]* Staines, 1996
******** *[[Cephaloleia vittipennis]]* Weise, 1910
******** *[[Cephaloleia waterhousei]]* Baly, 1858
******** *[[Cephaloleia weisei]]* Staines, 1996
******** *[[Cephaloleia whitei]]* Baly, 1858
******** *[[Cephaloleia zikani]]* Uhmann, 1935

## Litteratur
* L. Sekerka (2014) Review of Imatidiini genera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae). *Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae* 54 (1): 257-314. https://biotaxa.org/AEMNP/article/view/5389/7876
* C.L. Staines (2014) The genus *Cephaloleia* Chevrolat, 1836 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae). ZooKeys 436: 1-355. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4155720/

## Eksterne lenker
* Hispine Pests of Palms - ''Cephaloleia''
* Hispines of the World - ''Cephaloleia''
* ''Cephaloleia'' på ITIS
*