Liparetrus

***Liparetrus*** er en artsrik slekt av biller som har larver som eter planterøtter. De hører til underfamilien oldenborrer (Melolonthinae) i den store gruppen skarabider (Scarabaeoidea). Disse billene lever i Australia, New Zealand og Sør-Amerika.

## Utseende
Små til middelsstore (5-15 millimeter), brede, blanke oldenborrer. Forkroppen er gjerne svart, dekkvingene rødbrune, gulbrune eller svarte, noen arter har metallisk glans. Oversiden er kledt med nokså lange, oppstående hår. Dekkvingene dekker ikke hele bakkroppen.

## Levevis
Larvene lever i jorda og eter på røtter. De voksne billene klekker om våren og er dagaktive. De nyklekte billene blir i puppekammeret til jorda blir myket opp av regn, da de kommer opp samtidig. Ved masseforekomster kan de gjøre betydelig skade på unge plantasjer ved å gnage på bladene.

## Utbredelse
Artene lever i Australia.

## Systematisk inndeling

* Ordenen biller, Coleoptera
** Underordenen Polyphaga
*** Overfamilien skarabider, Scarabaeoidea
**** Familien skarabider, Scarabaeidae Latreille, 1806
***** Underfamilien oldenborrer, Melolonthinae Samouelle, 1819
****** Stammen Liparetrini Burmeister, 1855
******* Slekten *Liparetrus* Guérin-Méneville, 1838
******** *[[Liparetrus abnormalis]]* MacLeay, 1886
******** *[[Liparetrus adelus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus aethiops]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus albipennis]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus albohirtus]]* Masters, 1886
******** *[[Liparetrus albosetosus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus alienus]]* Blackburn, 1905
******** *[[Liparetrus amabilis]]* Blackburn, 1905
******** *[[Liparetrus amplus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus analis]]* Blackburn, 1888
******** *[[Liparetrus andersoni]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus angulatus]]* MacLeay, 1886
******** *[[Liparetrus arenosus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus argenteus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus aridus]]* Blackburn, 1895
******** *[[Liparetrus armstrongi]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus ascius]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus asper]]* MacLeay, 1886
******** *[[Liparetrus assitus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus ater]]* MacLeay, 1886
******** *[[Liparetrus atomus]]* Britton, 1959
******** *[[Liparetrus atratus]]* Burmeister, 1855
******** *[[Liparetrus atriceps]]* MacLeay, 1864
******** *[[Liparetrus atrox]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus aulax]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus badius]]* MacLeay, 1888
******** *[[Liparetrus bakeri]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus bellarus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus bimaculatus]]* Lea, 1917
******** *[[Liparetrus bituberculatus]]* MacLeay, 1886
******** *[[Liparetrus brevipes]]* Blackburn, 1905
******** *[[Liparetrus cantrelli]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus capillatus]]* MacLeay, 1886
******** *[[Liparetrus carnabyi]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus carnei]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus carpentariae]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus castaneus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus cerinus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus cinctipennis]]* Blackburn, 1905
******** *[[Liparetrus cinnameus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus cognarus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus collaris]]* MacLeay, 1886
******** *[[Liparetrus collessi]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus comes]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus commoni]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus compositus]]* Lea, 1917
******** *[[Liparetrus concolor]]* Erichson, 1842
******** *[[Liparetrus confusus]]* Blackburn, 1912
******** *[[Liparetrus consanguineus]]* Blackburn, 1905
******** *[[Liparetrus convexior]]* Macleay, 1886
******** *[[Liparetrus convexiusculus]]* Macleay, 1883
******** *[[Liparetrus convexus]]* (Boisduval, 1835)
******** *[[Liparetrus crassus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus cribriceps]]* Lea, 1924
******** *[[Liparetrus cribripennis]]* Lea, 1924
******** *[[Liparetrus criniger]]* MacLeay, 1886
******** *[[Liparetrus curtulus]]* Burmeister, 1855
******** *[[Liparetrus demarzi]]* Britton, 1959
******** *[[Liparetrus discipennis]]* (Guérin-Méneville, 1831)
******** *[[Liparetrus discoidalis]]* MacLeay, 1864
******** *[[Liparetrus dispar]]* Blackburn, 1888
******** *[[Liparetrus distans]]* Blackburn, 1905
******** *[[Liparetrus distinctus]]* Blackburn, 1895
******** *[[Liparetrus diversus]]* Blackburn, 1888
******** *[[Liparetrus dixoni]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus ebeninus]]* MacLeay, 1886
******** *[[Liparetrus erythropterus]]* Blanchard, 1850
******** *[[Liparetrus erythropygus]]* Blanchard, 1850
******** *[[Liparetrus ferrugineus]]* Blanchard, 1850
******** *[[Liparetrus fimbriatus]]* Blackburn, 1888
******** *[[Liparetrus finitimus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus flavicornis]]* Lea, 1917
******** *[[Liparetrus flavidus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus flavipennis]]* Lea, 1917
******** *[[Liparetrus flavopictus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus flavus]]* Lea, 1917
******** *[[Liparetrus fulvohirtus]]* MacLeay, 1871
******** *[[Liparetrus fumosus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus furfurosus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus geminatus]]* Lea, 1924
******** *[[Liparetrus germari]]* MacLeay, 1886
******** *[[Liparetrus gilvus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus glaber]]* MacLeay, 1871
******** *[[Liparetrus glabripennis]]* MacLeay, 1886
******** *[[Liparetrus glauerti]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus globulus]]* MacLeay, 1886
******** *[[Liparetrus gracilipes]]* Blackburn, 1888
******** *[[Liparetrus gravidus]]* Blackburn, 1905
******** *[[Liparetrus halei]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus hattanus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus hilli]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus hirpex]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus imbricatus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus impressicollis]]* MacLeay, 1886
******** *[[Liparetrus incertus]]* Blackburn, 1905
******** *[[Liparetrus insolitus]]* Blackburn, 1905
******** *[[Liparetrus insularis]]* Blackburn, 1888
******** *[[Liparetrus iridipennis]]* Germar
******** *[[Liparetrus ithonus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus jenkinsi]]* Britton, 1959
******** *[[Liparetrus jubatus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus karallus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus karinus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus kennedyi]]* MacLeay, 1886
******** *[[Liparetrus kiatanus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus kreuslerae]]* MacLeay, 1886
******** *[[Liparetrus kungarus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus laciniatus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus laeticulus]]* Blackburn, 1889
******** *[[Liparetrus laetus]]* Blackburn, 1888
******** *[[Liparetrus laevis]]* Blanchard, 1850
******** *[[Liparetrus lanaticollis]]* MacLeay, 1888
******** *[[Liparetrus lepidopygus]]* Lea, 1917
******** *[[Liparetrus limbatus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus lissapterus]]* Lea, 1917
******** *[[Liparetrus lividipennis]]* Blackburn, 1905
******** *[[Liparetrus longidens]]* Lea, 1917
******** *[[Liparetrus lugens]]* Blackburn, 1892
******** *[[Liparetrus luridipennis]]* MacLeay, 1886
******** *[[Liparetrus luridus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus luteus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus malara]]* Britton, 1959
******** *[[Liparetrus marginipennis]]* Blanchard, 1850
******** *[[Liparetrus medius]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus melallus]]* Britton, 1959
******** *[[Liparetrus melanocephalus]]* Blackburn, 1895
******** *[[Liparetrus merredinensis]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus merus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus micros]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus mimicus]]* Lea, 1917
******** *[[Liparetrus mimus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus minimus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus minor]]* Blackburn, 1905
******** *[[Liparetrus minusculus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus minutus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus mixtus]]* Lea, 1919
******** *[[Liparetrus modestus]]* Blackburn, 1888
******** *[[Liparetrus monartus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus monticolus]]* (Fabricius, 1775)
******** *[[Liparetrus necessarius]]* Blackburn, 1905
******** *[[Liparetrus newmani]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus niger]]* Lea, 1917
******** *[[Liparetrus nigrifrons]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus nigrinus]]* Germar, 1848
******** *[[Liparetrus nudipennis]]* Germar, 1848
******** *[[Liparetrus nudus]]* Lea, 1917
******** *[[Liparetrus obesus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus obscurior]]* Lea, 1917
******** *[[Liparetrus obscurus]]* Blanchard, 1846
******** *[[Liparetrus occidentalis]]* MacLeay, 1886
******** *[[Liparetrus opacicollis]]* MacLeay, 1886
******** *[[Liparetrus opacus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus orestes]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus orsinus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus ovipennis]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus pallens]]* Lea, 1919
******** *[[Liparetrus pallidulus]]* (MacLeay, 1888)
******** *[[Liparetrus palmerstoni]]* Blackburn, 1888
******** *[[Liparetrus pandus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus parvus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus paryphus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus paulus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus pauxillus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus pectinatus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus periosus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus perkinsi]]* Blackburn, 1905
******** *[[Liparetrus pezus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus phoenicopterus]]* Germar, 1848
******** *[[Liparetrus pholiotus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus picipennis]]* Germar, 1848
******** *[[Liparetrus pimbus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus plautus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus politus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus posticalis]]* Blackburn, 1888
******** *[[Liparetrus puer]]* Blackburn, 1905
******** *[[Liparetrus pulvereus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus pusillus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus pygmaeus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus quinquelobatus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus reburrus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus robustus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus rothei]]* Blackburn, 1888
******** *[[Liparetrus rotundicollis]]* Blackburn, 1905
******** *[[Liparetrus rotundiformis]]* MacLeay, 1886
******** *[[Liparetrus rotundipennis]]* MacLeay, 1886
******** *[[Liparetrus rubefactus]]* MacLeay, 1886
******** *[[Liparetrus rubicundus]]* MacLeay, 1864
******** *[[Liparetrus rubrus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus rufipennis]]* MacLeay, 1864
******** *[[Liparetrus rugatus]]* Blackburn, 1905
******** *[[Liparetrus satanus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus seclusus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus semiatriceps]]* Lea, 1917
******** *[[Liparetrus semicastaneus]]* Lea, 1917
******** *[[Liparetrus semiflavus]]* Lea, 1917
******** *[[Liparetrus septuosus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus sericeipennis]]* MacLeay, 1886
******** *[[Liparetrus sericeus]]* MacLeay, 1871
******** *[[Liparetrus simillimus]]* MacLeay, 1886
******** *[[Liparetrus simulator]]* Lea, 1926
******** *[[Liparetrus squamiger]]* MacLeay, 1886
******** *[[Liparetrus squamipennis]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus squamosus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus striatus]]* Blanchard, 1850
******** *[[Liparetrus stygius]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus suavis]]* Blackburn, 1889
******** *[[Liparetrus subsquamosus]]* MacLeay, 1886
******** *[[Liparetrus sylvicola]]* (Fabricius, 1775)
******** *[[Liparetrus tanami]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus tatakus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus tenebrosus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus teres]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus tibialis]]* Lea, 1924
******** *[[Liparetrus triangulatus]]* Britton, 1959
******** *[[Liparetrus trichopygus]]* Lea, 1917
******** *[[Liparetrus trichotus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus tridentatus]]* MacLeay, 1871
******** *[[Liparetrus tristis]]* Blanchard, 1850
******** *[[Liparetrus trivialis]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus tulanus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus uingus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus umbrosus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus unidentatus]]* Lea, 1917
******** *[[Liparetrus uniformis]]* Blanchard, 1850
******** *[[Liparetrus uptoni]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus urbulus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus validus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus vastus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus ventralis]]* Blackburn, 1905
******** *[[Liparetrus vespertinus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus vestitus]]* Blanchard
******** *[[Liparetrus vestjensi]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus vestitus]]* Blanchard, 1846
******** *[[Liparetrus vicinus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus villosus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus wanamarus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus waningus]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus wilsoni]]* Britton, 1980
******** *[[Liparetrus xanthotrichus]]* Blanchard, 1850

## Kilder
* Britton, E.B. (1980) A revision of the Australian chafers (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae : Melolonthinae) genus *Liparetrus*. *Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series*  01/1980; 28(76). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/248902695_A_revision_of_the_Australian_chafers_%28Coleoptera__Scarabaeidae__Melolonthinae%29_genus_Liparetrus
* Atlas of Living Australia - Liparetrini https://web.archive.org/web/20150521213844/http://bie.ala.org.au/species/Melolontha+obesa+(Animalia)
* Biolib.cz - liste over artene http://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id663383/
* IPMG Pestnotes - Liparetrus, om økologi og skader https://web.archive.org/web/20150228105724/http://plantationhealth.com.au/pdf/pestnotes/liparetrus.pdf

## Eksterne lenker
* 
* Bilde av ''Liparetrus discipennis''
* Bilde av ''Liparetrus mulurus''
* Bilde av ''Liparetrus wilsoni''