Glansviklere

**Glansviklere** (***Cydia*** spp.) er en artsrik slekt i sommerfuglfamilien viklere (Tortricidae) som hører til undergruppen Olethreutinae. Det er beskrevet over 200 arter på verdensbasis, 18 av dem er funnet i Norge.

## Utseende
Små til middelsstore viklere (de norske artene med vingespenn 9-22 millimeter), vanligvis mer eller mindre brunspraglete.
Ellers varierer artene i denne slekten nokså mye i ytre utseende og det er vanskelig å peke på noen fellestrekk for alle artene.

## Levevis
Disse artene er knyttet til en lang rekke ulike vertsplanter, de fleste til busker og trær (inkludert bartrær), men det er også noen som går på urter. De lever gjerne på frukter og frø, eller under barken på skadede trær.

## Skadedyr
Epleglansvikler (*Cydia pomonella*) er et brysomt skadedyr ved epledyrking i store deler av verden, dog ikke så mye i Norge der arten er forholdsvis fåtallig. Utenfor Norge er også andre arter i denne slekten regnet som alvorlige skadedyr, på den andre siden har enkelte vært forsøkt brukt i biologisk kontroll av innførte ugress.

## Utbredelse
Slekten finnes i alle verdensdeler bortsett fra Midtøsten og Sørøst-Asia, men dette skyldes trolig mest at epleglansvikleren er vidt spredt med fruktdyrking.

## Systematisk inndeling
Avgrensingen av denne slekten er for tiden nokså uklar, det er mulig at en del av artene bør overføres til andre slekter i Grapholitini.

* sommerfugler (Lepidoptera)
** gruppe **[[Heteroneura]]** 
*** gruppe **[[Apoditrysia]]**
**** gruppe / overfamilie **[[Tortricoidea|viklere]]** (Tortricoidea) 
***** familie **[[viklere]]** (Tortricidae) 
****** Underfamilien Olethreutinae
******* gruppe Grapholitini
******** slekten glansviklere, *[[Cydia (slekt)|Cydia]]* Hübner, 1825 – 18 arter i Norge
********* erteglansvikler, *Cydia nigricana* (Fabricius, 1794)
********* tiriltungeglansvikler, *[[Cydia succedana]]* (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
********* engglansvikler, *[[Cydia albipicta]]* (Sauter, 1968) – oppdaget i Norge i 2010, Valdres og Gudbrandsdalen
********* einerglansvikler, *[[Cydia duplicana]]* (Zetterstedt, 1839)
********* furuglansvikler, *[[Cydia cognatana]]* (Barrett, 1874)
********* bartreglansvikler, *[[Cydia illutana]]* (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851)
********* ospeglansvikler, *[[Cydia corollana]]* (Heylaerts, 1874)
********* furubarkglansvikler, *[[Cydia coniferana]]* (Saxesen, 1840)
********* barskogglansvikler, *[[Cydia indivisa]]* (Danilevsky, 1963)
********* kvaeglansvikler, *[[Cydia cosmophorana]]* (Treitschke, 1835)
********* kongleglansvikler, *[[Cydia strobilella]]* (Linnaeus, 1758)
********* granbarkglansvikler, *[[Cydia pactolana]]* (Zeller, 1840)
********* epleglansvikler (eplevikler), *Cydia pomonella* (Linnaeus, 1758)
********* seljeglansvikler, *[[Cydia servillana]]* (Duponchel, 1836)
********* eikeglansvikler, *Cydia splendana* (Hübner, 1799))* (=Cydia triangulella* (Goeze, 1783)
********* *[[Cydia amplana]]* (Hübner, 1799) – første funn fra Norge fra Arendal i 2010
********* bøkeglansvikler, *[[Cydia fagiglandana]]* (Zeller, 1841)
********* lønneglansvikler, *[[Cydia inquinatana]]* (Hübner, 1799)
******** Arter funnet i Europa, men ikke i Norge:
********* *[[Cydia adenocarpi]]* (Ragonot, 1875)
********* *[[Cydia alazon]]* (Diakonoff, 1976)
********* *[[Cydia alienana]]* (Caradja, 1916)
********* *[[Cydia archaeochrysa]]* Diakonoff, 1986
********* *[[Cydia astragalana]]* (Staudinger, 1871)
********* *[[Cydia atlantica]]* Chambon & Frérot, 1985
********* *[[Cydia blackmoreana]]* (Walsingham, 1903)
********* *[[Cydia canariensis]]* (Kuznetzov, 1972)
********* *[[Cydia conicolana]]* (Heylaerts, 1874)
********* *[[Cydia cornucopiae]]* (Tengström, 1869)
********* *[[Cydia cytisanthana]]* Burmann & Pröse, 1988
********* *[[Cydia derrai]]* Pröse, 1988
********* *[[Cydia elpore]]* (Diakonoff, 1976)
********* *[[Cydia exquisitana]]* (Rebel, 1889)
********* *[[Cydia gilviciliana]]* (Staudinger, 1859)
********* *[[Cydia grunertiana]]* (Ratzeburg, 1868)
********* *[[Cydia honorana]]* (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851)
********* *[[Cydia ilipulana]]* (Walsingham, 1903)
********* *[[Cydia illustrana]]* (Kuznetzov in Lehr, 1986)
********* *[[Cydia interscindana]]* (Möschler, 1866)
********* *[[Cydia intexta]]* (Kawabe, 1980)
********* *[[Cydia johanssoni]]* Aarvik & Karsholt, 1993
********* *[[Cydia leguminana]]* (Lienig & Zeller, 1846)
********* *[[Cydia leucobasis]]* (Busck, 1916)
********* *[[Cydia medicaginis]]* 
********* *[[Cydia microgrammana]]* (Guenée, 1845)
********* *[[Cydia millenniana]]* 
********* *[[Cydia multilineana]]* (Kearfott, 1907)
********* *[[Cydia negatana]]* (Rebel in Rebel & Rogenhofer, 1896)
********* *[[Cydia nigra]]* (Miller, 1966)
********* *[[Cydia oxytropidis]]* (Martini, 1912)
********* *[[Cydia plumbiferana]]* (Staudinger, 1871)
********* *[[Cydia pyrivora]]* 
********* *[[Cydia rjabovi]]* (Kuznetzov, 1962)
********* *[[Cydia sammuti]]* Diakonoff, 1986
********* *[[Cydia semicinctana]]* (Kennel, 1901)
********* *[[Cydia strigulatana]]* (Kennel, 1899)
********* *[[Cydia trogodana]]* Pröse, 1988
********* *[[Cydia ulicetana]]* (Haworth, [1811])
********* *[[Cydia vallesiaca]]* (Sauter, 1968)
********* *[[Cydia zebeana]]* 
******** Arter ikke funnet i Europa:
********* *[[Cydia acerivora]]* (Danilevsky in Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968)
********* *[[Cydia alabastrina]]* Diakonoff, 1983
********* *[[Cydia albimaculana]]* (Fernald, 1879)
********* *[[Cydia americana]]* (Walsingham, 1879)
********* *[[Cydia amurensis]]* (Danilevsky in Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968)
********* *[[Cydia anaranjada]]* 
********* *[[Cydia aphrosema]]* Diakonoff, 1987
********* *[[Cydia aphrospila]]* (Meyrick, 1921)
********* *[[Cydia araucariae]]* (Pastrana, 1951)
********* *[[Cydia bracteatana]]* (Fernald in Comstock, 1881)
********* *[[Cydia brownorum]]* Rose & Pooni, 2003
********* *[[Cydia callizona]]* (Meyrick, 1911)
********* *[[Cydia candana]]* (Forbes, 1923)
********* *[[Cydia caradjana]]* (Rebel, 1910)
********* *[[Cydia caryana]]* 
********* *[[Cydia celiae]]* (Clarke, 1976)
********* *[[Cydia charops]]* (Diakonoff, 1971)
********* *[[Cydia chelias]]* (Meyrick, 1907)
********* *[[Cydia chlorostola]]* (Meyrick, 1932)
********* *[[Cydia colorana]]* Kearfott, 1907
********* *[[Cydia commensalana]]* (Danilevsky, 1963)
********* *[[Cydia confusana]]* (McDunnough, 1935)
********* *[[Cydia conoterma]]* (Meyrick, 1922)
********* *[[Cydia conspicua]]* (Walsingham in Sharp, 1907)
********* *[[Cydia costastrigulana]]* (McDunnough, 1935)
********* *[[Cydia crassicornis]]* (Walsingham in Sharp, 1907)
********* *[[Cydia cryptomeriae]]* (Issiki in Issiki & Mutuura, 1961)
********* *[[Cydia cupressana]]* Kearfott, 1907
********* *[[Cydia curitibana]]* Schönherr, 1987
********* *[[Cydia curvivalva]]* Liu & Yan, 1998
********* *[[Cydia dadionopa]]* (Diakonoff, 1976)
********* *[[Cydia daedalota]]* (Meyrick, 1916)
********* *[[Cydia dalbergiacola]]* Liu, 1992
********* *[[Cydia damascana]]* (Razowski, 1966)
********* *[[Cydia danilevskyi]]* (Kuznetzov, 1973)
********* *[[Cydia defensa]]* (Meyrick, 1922)
********* *[[Cydia deshaisiana]]* 
********* *[[Cydia deyana]]* (Chrétien, 1915)
********* *[[Cydia dissulta]]* Diakonoff, 1983
********* *[[Cydia dochmasima]]* Diakonoff, 1987
********* *[[Cydia doria]]* (Clarke, 1976)
********* *[[Cydia ermolenkoi]]* (Danilevsky in Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968)
********* *[[Cydia erotella]]* (Heinrich, 1923)
********* *[[Cydia ethelinda]]* (Meyrick, 1934)
********* *[[Cydia eucyanea]]* Walsingham, 1914
********* *[[Cydia eudesma]]* Walsingham, 1914
********* *[[Cydia euryteles]]* (Meyrick, 1936)
********* *[[Cydia fabivora]]* (Meyrick, 1928)
********* *[[Cydia fahlbergiana]]* (Thunberg, 1797)
********* *[[Cydia falsifalcellum]]* (Walsingham in Sharp, 1907)
********* *[[Cydia farsica]]* (Kuznetzov in Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968)
********* *[[Cydia fletcherana]]* (Kearfott, 1907)
********* *[[Cydia flexiloqua]]* (Heinrich, 1926)
********* *[[Cydia gallaesaliciana]]* (Riley, 1881)
********* *[[Cydia garacana]]* (Kearfott, 1907)
********* *[[Cydia glandicolana]]*
********* *[[Cydia grandicula]]* (Heinrich, 1926)
********* *[[Cydia guttifera]]* (Meyrick, 1913)
********* *[[Cydia gypsograpta]]* (Meyrick, 1932)
********* *[[Cydia hygrotrema]]* (Diakonoff, 1971)
********* *[[Cydia infausta]]* (Walsingham, 1900)
********* *[[Cydia inflata]]* (Meyrick, 1916)
********* *[[Cydia informosana]]* (Walker, 1863)
********* *[[Cydia ingens]]* 
********* *[[Cydia ingrata]]* (Heinrich, 1926)
********* *[[Cydia injectiva]]* (Heinrich, 1926)
********* *[[Cydia inopiosa]]* (Heinrich, 1926)
********* *[[Cydia japonensis]]* Kawabe, 1980
********* *[[Cydia kamijoi]]* (Oku, 1968)
********* *[[Cydia kozlovi]]* (Kuznetzov, 1962)
********* *[[Cydia kurokoi]]* &ndash; Nut Fruit Tortrix
********* *[[Cydia lacustrina]]* (Miller, 1976)
********* *[[Cydia lajonquierei]]* (Capuse, 1970)
********* *[[Cydia largo]]* Heppner, 1981
********* *[[Cydia laricana]]* (Busck, 1916)
********* *[[Cydia laricicolana]]* (Kuznetzov, 1960)
********* *[[Cydia larimana]]* (Walsingham, 1895)
********* *[[Cydia latifemoris]]* (Walsingham in Sharp, 1907)
********* *[[Cydia latiferreana]]* 
********* *[[Cydia latisigna]]* Miller, 1986
********* *[[Cydia lautiuscula]]* (Heinrich, 1926)
********* *[[Cydia leucogrammana]]* (Hofmann, 1898)
********* *[[Cydia leucostoma]]* 
********* *[[Cydia maackiana]]* (Danilevsky, 1963)
********* *[[Cydia malesana]]* (Meyrick, 1920)
********* *[[Cydia marathonana]]* Pröse & Sutter, 1973
********* *[[Cydia maxima]]* (Kuznetzov, 1973)
********* *[[Cydia mediocris]]* (Kuznetzov, 1972)
********* *[[Cydia melanoptycha]]* Diakonoff, 1983
********* *[[Cydia membrosa]]* (Heinrich, 1926)
********* *[[Cydia menoides]]* Walsingham, 1914
********* *[[Cydia miscitata]]* (Heinrich, 1926)
********* *[[Cydia montanum]]* (Walsingham, in Sharp, 1907)
********* *[[Cydia montezuma]]* Miller, 1986
********* *[[Cydia monticola]]* (Kuznetzov, 1962)
********* *[[Cydia multistriana]]* (Chrétien, 1915)
********* *[[Cydia nebulocula]]* (Diakonoff, 1976)
********* *[[Cydia neolopha]]* (Meyrick, 1926)
********* *[[Cydia ninana]]* Dyar, 1903
********* *[[Cydia nomaea]]* (Meyrick, 1917)
********* *[[Cydia obliqua]]* (Walsingham in Sharp, 1907)
********* *[[Cydia obnisa]]* (Heinrich, 1926)
********* *[[Cydia obtecta]]* (Meyrick, 1922)
********* *[[Cydia obumbrana]]* Kuznetzov, 1992
********* *[[Cydia odontica]]* Diakonoff, 1983
********* *[[Cydia omana]]* Razowski, 1995
********* *[[Cydia palmetum]]* (Heinrich, 1928)
********* *[[Cydia pamira]]* (Obraztsov, 1943)
********* *[[Cydia parapteryx]]* (Meyrick, 1932)
********* *[[Cydia peiui]]* (Stanoiu & Neme, 1974)
********* *[[Cydia pentalychna]]* (Meyrick in Caradja & Meyrick, 1938)
********* *[[Cydia perelegans]]* (Kuznetzov, 1962)
********* *[[Cydia perfricta]]* (Meyrick, 1920)
********* *[[Cydia periclydonia]]* Diakonoff, 1983
********* *[[Cydia perlaeta]]* Walsingham, 1914
********* *[[Cydia perrupta]]* (Meyrick, 1922)
********* *[[Cydia persica]]* (Kuznetzov in Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968)
********* *[[Cydia phalacris]]* (Meyrick, 1912)
********* *[[Cydia phyllisi]]* Miller, 1986
********* *[[Cydia piperana]]* 
********* *[[Cydia plicatum]]* (Walsingham in Sharp, 1907)
********* *[[Cydia populana]]* (Busck, 1916)
********* *[[Cydia prismatica]]* (Meyrick, 1911)
********* *[[Cydia prosperana]]* (Kearfott, 1907)
********* *[[Cydia pseudomalesana]]* Clarke, 1986
********* *[[Cydia pseudotsugae]]* (Evans, 1969)
********* *[[Cydia pulchella]]* Durrant in Walsingham, 1914
********* *[[Cydia pycnochra]]* (Meyrick, 1920)
********* *[[Cydia pyraspis]]* (Meyrick, 1928)
********* *[[Cydia rana]]* (Forbes, 1924)
********* *[[Cydia reflectrix]]* (Meyrick, 1928)
********* *[[Cydia rhodaspis]]* (Meyrick, 1928)
********* *[[Cydia rufipennis]]* (Butler, 1881)
********* *[[Cydia secretana]]* (Kuznetzov, 1973)
********* *[[Cydia seductana]]* (Kuznetzov, 1962)
********* *[[Cydia siderocosma]]* (Diakonoff, 1969)
********* *[[Cydia signifer]]* Walsingham, 1914
********* *[[Cydia silvana]]* (Kuznetzov, 1970)
********* *[[Cydia staphiditis]]* (Meyrick, 1930)
********* *[[Cydia stirpicola]]* (Meyrick, 1926)
********* *[[Cydia storeella]]* (Walsingham in Sharp, 1907)
********* *[[Cydia striatana]]* (Caradja, 1916)
********* *[[Cydia sumptuosana]]* (Rebel in Rebel & Zerny, 1928)
********* *[[Cydia tana]]* (Kearfott, 1907)
********* *[[Cydia taocosma]]* (Meyrick, 1914)
********* *[[Cydia tonosticha]]* (Meyrick, 1922)
********* *[[Cydia toreuta]]* 
********* *[[Cydia torostoma]]* (Clarke, 1972)
********* *[[Cydia trasias]]* (Meyrick, 1928)
********* *[[Cydia trichota]]* Diakonoff, 1988
********* *[[Cydia trifascicolana]]* Schönherr, 1987
********* *[[Cydia tropicana]]* Kuznetzov, 1992
********* *[[Cydia tunisiana]]* Aarvik & Karsholt, 1993
********* *[[Cydia turcianae]]* Chambon in Chambon, Witzgall & Bengtsson, 1993
********* *[[Cydia undosa]]* (Diakonoff, 1957)
********* *[[Cydia uranatma]]* (Meyrick, 1936)
********* *[[Cydia walsinghami]]* (Butler, 1882)

## Kilder
* Fauna Europaea Web Service (2011) Fauna Europaea version 2.4, www.faunaeur.org 
* Aarvik, Leif, Berggren, Kai, Hansen, Lars Ove. 2000. *Norges Sommerfugler. Catalogus Lepidopterorum  Norvegiae.* Norsk entomologisk forening. 192 sider.

## Eksterne lenker
* 
*  www.nhm.uio.no/fakta/zoologi/insekter/norlep/  Norges sommerfugler – Et norskspråklig nettsted om norske sommerfugler.