Echinogammarus

***Echinogammarus*** er en type krepsdyr som på norsk er kjent som en type av *«[[amfipoder]]»* eller *marflo*. De er en slekt av småøyde havdyr som ser ut som små gjennomsiktige reker. Gruppen inneholder minst 40 - 60 anerkjente arter.

De er hovedsakelig nordlige, men bare 1 - 2 av artene av denne gruppen er funnet i Norden.

## Taksonomisk plassering
Taksonomien til krepsdyrene er under regelmessig revisjon, og det er generelt omstridt å fin-inndele organismer taksonomisk. En moderne oppdatering av systematikken gis av Martin og Davis, som følgende oversikt følger ned til nivået orden, mens lavere nivåer i enkelte tilfeller følger *[[Catalogue of Life]]*:  - og generelt bygger på *WoRMS*-databasen i detaljer på nivå lavere enn familie:

* **Rekke: KREPSDYR (Crustacea)** - 67.000 arter
** **KLASSE [[storkrepser]] (Malacostraca) - + arter <small>Latreille, 1802</small>
*** Underklasse [[Eumalacostraca]]** Grobben, 1892
**** Overorden Eucarida Calman, 1904
**** Overorden Peracarida Calman, 1904
***** Orden amfipoder (Amphipoda) -  arter,  i ferskvann Latreille, 1816
****** Underorden Caprellidea (til 2013)
****** Underorden Senticaudata (fra 2013)
****** Infraorden Gammarida - 21 overfamilier, 125 familier,  slekter,  arter Latreille, 1802
******* Overfamilie Gammaroidea 
******** Familie Gammaridae Leach, 1814
********* *Slekt Echinogammarus* 
********** *[[Echinogammarus acarinatus]]* S. Karaman, 1931
********** *[[Echinogammarus adipatus]]* Karaman & Tibaldi, 1972
********** *[[Echinogammarus afer]]* Stock, 1974
********** *[[Echinogammarus annandalei]]* Monod, 1924
********** *[[Echinogammarus antalyae]]* G. Karaman, 1971
********** *[[Echinogammarus apfelbecki]]* S. Karaman, 1931
********** *[[Echinogammarus aquilifer]]* Pinkster, 1969
********** *[[Echinogammarus arcadiensis]]* Alouf, 1975
********** *[[Echinogammarus baliki]]* Özbek & Ustaoğlu, 2007
********** *[[Echinogammarus berilloni]]* Catta, 1878
********** *[[Echinogammarus berytensis]]* Alouf, 1976
********** *[[Echinogammarus calvus]]* Margalef, 1956
********** *[[Echinogammarus cannubinensis]]* Alouf, 1975
********** *[[Echinogammarus cari]]* S. Karaman, 1931
********** *[[Echinogammarus cyrtus]]* Pinkster & Platvoet, 1986
********** *[[Echinogammarus dactylus]]* G. Karaman, 1987
********** *[[Echinogammarus dahli]]* Stock, 1968
********** *[[Echinogammarus echinosetosus]]* Pinkster, 1973
********** *[[Echinogammarus eisentrauti]]* Schellenberg, 1937
********** *[[Echinogammarus feminatus]]* Pinkster, 1973
********** *[[Echinogammarus finmarchicus]]* Dahl, 1938
********** *[[Echinogammarus foxi]]* Schellenberg, 1928
********** *[[Echinogammarus haraktis]]* Piscart, Merzoug & Hafid, 2013
********** *[[Echinogammarus ischnus]]* Stebbing, 1899
********** *[[Echinogammarus karadagiensis]]* Grintsov, 2009
********** *[[Echinogammarus kerkuraios]]* Pinkster, 1993
********** *[[Echinogammarus klaptoczi]]* Schäferna, 1908
********** *[[Echinogammarus kretensis]]* Pinkster, 1993
********** *[[Echinogammarus lochites]]* Margalef, 1956
********** *[[Echinogammarus longisetosus]]* Pinkster, 1973
********** *[[Echinogammarus lusitanus]]* Schellenberg, 1943
********** *[[Echinogammarus margalefi]]* Pinkster, 1973
********** *[[Echinogammarus marinus]]* Leach, 1815 - Atlanterhavet, Kattegat, Nordsjøen
********** *[[Echinogammarus meridionalis]]* Pinkster, 1973
********** *[[Echinogammarus monomerus]]* Stock, 1978
********** *[[Echinogammarus navaensis]]* Lop, 1987
********** *[[Echinogammarus obtusatus]]* Dahl, 1938
********** *[[Echinogammarus obtusidens]]* Pinkster & Stock, 1972
********** *[[Echinogammarus olivii]]* H. Milne Edwards, 1830
********** *[[Echinogammarus oujdae]]* Fadil & Dakki, 2003
********** *[[Echinogammarus pacaudi]]* Hubault & Ruffo, 1956
********** *[[Echinogammarus pinksteri]]* Van Maren, 1973
********** *[[Echinogammarus pirloti]]* Sexton & Spooner, 1940
********** *[[Echinogammarus platvoeti]]* Pinkster, 1993
********** *[[Echinogammarus pseudoaquilifer]]* Platvoet & Pinkster, 1980
********** *[[Echinogammarus pungens]]* H. Milne Edwards, 1840
********** *[[Echinogammarus pungentoides]]* Diviacco & Pinkster, 1982
********** *[[Echinogammarus rashiini]]* Alouf, 1976
********** *[[Echinogammarus reductus]]* Pinkster, 1993
********** *[[Echinogammarus ruffoi]]* Pinkster & Stock, 1970
********** *[[Echinogammarus sardus]]* Pinkster, 1993
********** *[[Echinogammarus sicilianus]]* Karaman & Tibaldi, 1972
********** *[[Echinogammarus simoni]]* Chevreux, 1894
********** *[[Echinogammarus spinulicornis]]* Pinkster & Stock, 1971
********** *[[Echinogammarus stammeri]]* S. Karaman, 1931
********** *[[Echinogammarus stocki]]* G. Karaman, 1970
********** *[[Echinogammarus stoerensis]]* Reid, 1938  - Öresund, Kattegat, Norge, Murmansk, Island
********** *[[Echinogammarus tabu]]* G. Karaman, 1971
********** *[[Echinogammarus tacapensis]]* Chevreux & Gauthier, 1924
********** *[[Echinogammarus tarragonensis]]* Pinkster, 1973
********** *[[Echinogammarus thoni]]* Schäferna, 1923
********** *[[Echinogammarus tibaldii]]* Pinkster & Stock, 1970
********** *[[Echinogammarus trichiatus]]* Martynov, 1932
********** *[[Echinogammarus tripoliensis]]* Alouf, 1976
********** *[[Echinogammarus valedictus]]* Platvoet & Pinkster, 1990
********** *[[Echinogammarus veneris]]* Heller, 1865
********** *[[Echinogammarus warpachowskyi]]* Sars G.O., 1894
********** *[[Echinogammarus zebrinus]]* Pinkster & Stock, 1971
********** *[[Echinogammarus abyssalis]]* Sowinsky, 1915 = *[[Eulimnogammarus abyssalis]]* Sowinsky, 1915
********** *[[Echinogammarus acarinata]]* Pljakic, 1962 = *[[Echinogammarus cari]]* S. Karaman, 1931
********** *[[Echinogammarus affinis]]* Sowinsky, 1915 = *[[Eulimnogammarus affinis]]* Sowinsky, 1915
********** *[[Echinogammarus atlanticus]]* Dahl, 1958 = *[[Echinogammarus olivii]]* H. Milne Edwards, 1830
********** *[[Echinogammarus beieri]]* S. Karaman, 1930 = *[[Echinogammarus veneris]]* Heller, 1865
********** *[[Echinogammarus bolo]]* Karaman & Tibaldi, 1972 = *[[Echinogammarus tibaldii]]* Pinkster & Stock, 1970
********** *[[Echinogammarus borealis]]* Sowinsky, 1915 = *[[Carinogammarus cinnamomeus]]* Dybowsky, 1874
********** *[[Echinogammarus bosnensis]]* S. Karaman, 1930 = *[[Echinogammarus acarinatus]]* S. Karaman, 1931+
********** *[[Echinogammarus byrkini]]* Sowinsky, 1915 = *[[Eulimnogammarus byrkini]]* Sowinsky, 1915
********** *[[Echinogammarus crassicornis]]* Sowinsky, 1915 = *[[Sluginella (Lamugammarus) crassicornis]]* Sowinsky, 1915
********** *[[Echinogammarus crassus]]* Sowinsky, 1915 = *[[Pachyschesis crassus]]* Sowinsky, 1915
********** *[[Echinogammarus cruentus]]* Dorogostaisky, 1930 = *[[Eulimnogammarus cruentus]]* Dorogostaisky, 1930
********** *[[Echinogammarus cyanoides]]* Sowinsky, 1915 = *[[Eulimnogammarus cyanoides]]* Sowinsky, 1915
********** *[[Echinogammarus ebusitanus]]* Margalef, 1951 = *[[Echinogammarus klaptoczi]]* Schäferna, 1908
********** *[[Echinogammarus epimeralis]]* Sowinsky, 1915 = *[[Eulimnogammarus epimeralis]]* Sowinsky, 1915
********** *[[Echinogammarus fluminensis]]* Pinkster & Stock, 1970 = *[[Echinogammarus stammeri]]* S. Karaman, 1931
********** *[[Echinogammarus ibexiformis]]* Sowinsky, 1915 = *[[Eulimnogammarus capreolus]]* Dybowsky, 1874
********** *[[Echinogammarus laevis]]* Sowinsky, 1915 = *[[Eulimnogammarus laevis]]* Sowinsky, 1915
********** *[[Echinogammarus leucophthalmus]]* Sowinsky, 1915 = *[[Macropereiopus leucophthalmus]]* Sowinsky, 1915
********** *[[Echinogammarus macrocarpus]]* Stock, 1969 = *[[Eulimnogammarus macrocarpus]]* Stock, 1969
********** *[[Echinogammarus melanochlorus]]* Dorogostaisky, 1930 = *[[Eulimnogammarus melanochlorus]]* Dorogostaisky, 1930
********** *[[Echinogammarus microphthalmus]]* Sowinsky, 1915 = *[[Eulimnogammarus violaceus]]* Dybowsky, 1874
********** *[[Echinogammarus ochridensis]]* Schäferna, 1926 = *[[Gammarus ochridensis]]* Schäferna, 1926
********** *[[Echinogammarus padanus]]* Maccagno & Cuniberti, 1956 = *[[Echinogammarus veneris]]* Heller, 1865
********** *[[Echinogammarus paxjuliensis]]* Mateus, Mateus & Afonso, 1979 = *[[Echinogammarus simoni]]* Chevreux, 1894
********** *[[Echinogammarus proximus]]* Sowinsky, 1915 = *[[Eulimnogammarus proximus]]* Sowinsky, 1915
********** *[[Echinogammarus pugentiformis]]* Schäferna, 1920 = *[[Echinogammarus veneris]]* Heller, 1865
********** *[[Echinogammarus rachmanowii]]* Sowinsky, 1915 = *[[Eulimnogammarus rachmanowi]]* Sowinsky, 1915
********** *[[Echinogammarus roco]]* G. Karaman, 1973 = *[[Echinogammarus tibaldii]]* Pinkster & Stock, 1970
********** *[[Echinogammarus similis]]* Sowinsky, 1915 = *[[Eulimnogammarus similis]]* Sowinsky, 1915
********** *[[Echinogammarus sophiae]]* Dybowsky, 1874 = *[[Eulimnogammarus sophiae]]* Dybowsky, 1874
********** *[[Echinogammarus sowinskyi]]* Behning, 1914 = *[[Echinogammarus ischnus]]* Stebbing, 1899
********** *[[Echinogammarus spasskii]]* Bulyčeva, 1952 = *[[Spasskogammarus spasskii]]* Bulyčeva, 1952
********** *[[Echinogammarus strenuus]]* Sowinsky, 1915 = *[[Eulimnogammarus sophiae]]* Dybowsky, 1874
********** *[[Echinogammarus tenellus]]* Sars, 1896 = *[[Echinogammarus ischnus]]* Stebbing, 1899
********** *[[Echinogammarus tenuipes]]* Sowinsky, 1915 = *[[Sluginella (Lamugammarus) tenuipes]]* Sowinsky, 1915
********** *[[Echinogammarus toletanus]]* Pinkster & Stock, 1970 = *[[Eulimnogammarus toletanus]]* Pinkster & Stock, 1970
********** *[[Echinogammarus villaticus]]* Mateus, 1974 = *[[Echinogammarus meridionalis]]* Pinkster, 1973
********** *[[Echinogammarus virgatus]]* Dorogostaisky, 1930 = *[[Eulimnogammarus virgatus]]* Dorogostaisky, 1930
********** *[[Echinogammarus viridiformis]]* Sowinsky, 1915 = *[[Eulimnogammarus viridiformis]]* Sowinsky, 1915

## Referanser


## Litteratur
* Stock, J.H. 1968. «A revision of the European species of the Echinogammarus pungens-group (Crustacea, Amphipoda)». *Beaufortia* 16(211): side 13-78. 
* Karaman, G.S. 1977. «Revision of the Echinogammarus genera-complex (fam. Gammaridae)». - Arch.Sci.biol., Beograd 27(1/2): side 69-93. 
* Pinkster, S. & D. Platvoet 1990. «Some remarks on the genus Echinogammarus Stebbing, 1899 With description of a new species E. valedictus from Algeria (Crustacea, Amphipoda)». *Bijdr. Dierk.* 60(3/4): side 263-269. 
* Pinkster, S.1993. «A revision of the genus Echinogammarus Stebbing, 1899 with some notes on related genera (Crustacea, Amphipoda)». *Mem.Mus.civ.stor.nat*. (IIa serie), sezione scienze della vita (A. Biologia) 10: side 1-183

## Eksterne lenker
* 
* 
* «The Marine Flora and Fauna of Norway» - *Seawater.no*. Besøkt 22. januar 2014.
* Krepsdyrarter i Atlanterhavet og Skandinavia - *NEAT, South Scandinavian Marine Crustacea check-list*, Tjärnö marinbiologiske laboratorium, Sverige 1998. Besøkt 21. januar 2014.