Pedaliodes

***Pedaliodes*** er en artsrik slekt av sommerfugler som hører til underfamilien ringvinger (Satyrinae) i den store familien flikvinger (Nymphalidae). Den er kanskje den artsrikeste av alle dagsommerfugl-slekter.

## Utseende
Nokså store, brune sommerfugler. Bakvingens ytterkant er mer eller mindre bølgete. Oversiden kan være ensfarget mørkebrun, eller ha hvite eller oransje flekker eller tverrbånd, men sjelden øyeflekker. Undersiden er mørkt brunspraglete.

## Levevis
Larvene lever sannsynligvis på bambus i slekten *Chusquea*.

## Utbredelse
Slekten lever langs Andesfjellene, særlig i den nordlige delen fra Venezuela til Peru.

## Systematisk inndeling

Det er beskrevet 180 arter til nå i slekten, i tillegg er det kjent nær 80 hittil ubeskrevne arter.

* Ordenen sommerfugler, Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758
** Gruppen Glossata
*** Gruppen Coelolepida
**** Gruppen Myoglossata
***** Gruppen Neolepidoptera
****** Gruppen Heteroneura
******* Gruppen Eulepidoptera
******** Gruppen Ditrysia
********* Gruppen Apoditrysia
********** Gruppen storsommerfugler, Macrolepidoptera
*********** Gruppen dagsommerfugler, Rhopalocera
************ Overfamilien egentlige dagsommerfugler, Papilionoidea
************* Familien flikvinger, Nymphalidae
************** Underfamilien ringvinger, Satyrinae
*************** Stammen Satyrini 
**************** Gruppen Pronophilina 
***************** Slekten *Pedaliodes* Butler, 1867
****************** *[[Pedaliodes acjanaco]]* Pyrcz, Viloria & Lamas, 2010
****************** *[[Pedaliodes ackeryi]]* Pyrcz & Viloria, 2008
****************** *[[Pedaliodes adamsi]]* D'Abrera, 1988
****************** *[[Pedaliodes albicilla]]* Pyrcz, 2004
****************** *[[Pedaliodes albutia]]* Thieme, 1905
****************** *[[Pedaliodes alusana]]* (Hewitson, 1869)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes amafania]]* Thieme, 1905
****************** *[[Pedaliodes ampayana]]* Lamas, Viloria & Pyrcz, 2008
****************** *[[Pedaliodes anchiphilonis]]* Hayward, 1968
****************** *[[Pedaliodes antigua]]* Adams & Bernard, 1981
****************** *[[Pedaliodes antulla]]* Thieme, 1905
****************** *[[Pedaliodes arena]]* Pyrcz, 2008
****************** *[[Pedaliodes arnotti]]* Adams, 1986
****************** *[[Pedaliodes arturi]]* Pyrcz & Viloria, 1999
****************** *[[Pedaliodes asconia]]* Thieme, 1905
****************** *[[Pedaliodes auraria]]* Thieme, 1905
****************** *[[Pedaliodes aureola]]* Pyrcz, 2004
****************** *[[Pedaliodes auristriga]]* Thieme, 1905
****************** *[[Pedaliodes baccara]]* Pyrcz & Viloria, 1999
****************** *[[Pedaliodes balnearia]]* Pyrcz & Viloria, 1999
****************** *[[Pedaliodes bernardi]]* Adams, 1986
****************** *[[Pedaliodes boettgeri]]* Pyrcz, 2004
****************** *[[Pedaliodes brea]]* Pyrcz & Boyer, 2008
****************** *[[Pedaliodes caeca]]* Pyrcz & Viloria, 1999
****************** *[[Pedaliodes canela]]* Pyrcz & Viloria, 1999
****************** *[[Pedaliodes cebolleta]]* Adams & Bernard, 1977
****************** *[[Pedaliodes cendreata]]* Pyrcz & Boyer, 2008
****************** *[[Pedaliodes cesarense]]* Adams & Bernard, 1979
****************** *[[Pedaliodes chaconi]]* Viloria, 1998
****************** *[[Pedaliodes chrysotaenia]]* (Hopffer, 1874)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes circumducta]]* Thieme, 1905
****************** *[[Pedaliodes cledonia]]* Thieme, 1905
****************** *[[Pedaliodes coca]]* Staudinger, 1894
****************** *[[Pedaliodes costipunctata]]* Weymer, 1912
****************** *[[Pedaliodes cremera]]* Godman & Salvin, 1878
****************** *[[Pedaliodes croizatorum]]* Viloria & Camacho, 1999
****************** *[[Pedaliodes daulis]]* Thieme, 1905
****************** *[[Pedaliodes dejecta]]* (Bates, 1865)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes demarmelsi]]* Vitoria, 1995
****************** *[[Pedaliodes dematheni]]* Pyrcz, 2004
****************** *[[Pedaliodes derisoris]]* Pyrcz, Viloria & Lamas, 2008
****************** *[[Pedaliodes diuna]]* Pyrcz & Boyer, 2008
****************** *[[Pedaliodes dominicae]]* Pyrcz & Boyer, 2008
****************** *[[Pedaliodes dracula]]* Pyrcz & Viloria, 1999
****************** *[[Pedaliodes empusa]]* (C. & R. Felder, 1867)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes ereiba]]* (C. & R. Felder, 1867)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes erschoffi]]* Pyrcz, 2004
****************** *[[Pedaliodes exanima]]* (Erschoff, 1875)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes fassli]]* Weymer, 1912
****************** *[[Pedaliodes ferratilis]]* Butler, 1873
****************** *[[Pedaliodes fuscata]]* (C. & R. Felder, 1867)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes garleppi]]* Tieme, 1905
****************** *[[Pedaliodes guicana]]* Adams, 1986
****************** *[[Pedaliodes gustavi]]* Viloria, Miller & Miller, 2003
****************** *[[Pedaliodes hardyi]]* Adams, 1986
****************** *[[Pedaliodes hebena]]* Pyrcz & Viloria, 1999
****************** *[[Pedaliodes hewitsoni]]* Staudinger, 1897
****************** *[[Pedaliodes hopfferi]]* Staudinger, 1897
****************** *[[Pedaliodes illimania]]* Staudinger, 1897
****************** *[[Pedaliodes japhileta]]* Butler, 1870
****************** *[[Pedaliodes jelskii]]* Pyrcz, 2004
****************** *[[Pedaliodes jozefi]]* Pyrcz, 2008
****************** *[[Pedaliodes kruegeri]]* Pyrcz, 1999
****************** *[[Pedaliodes leucocheilus]]* Godman & Salvin, 1880
****************** *[[Pedaliodes manis]]* (C. & R. Felder, 1867)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes manneja]]* Thieme, 1905
****************** *[[Pedaliodes maruda]]* Pyrcz, 2004
****************** *[[Pedaliodes melaleuca]]* Weymer, 1890
****************** *[[Pedaliodes melvillei]]* Lamas & Viloria, 2008
****************** *[[Pedaliodes minabilis]]* Pyrcz, 2008
****************** *[[Pedaliodes misericordiosa]]* Pyrcz & Viloria, 2008
****************** *[[Pedaliodes montagna]]* Adams & Bernard, 1981
****************** *[[Pedaliodes morenoi]]* Dognin, 1987
****************** *[[Pedaliodes napaea]]* (Bates, 1865)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes negreti]]* Pyrcz, 1999
****************** *[[Pedaliodes niveonota]]* Butler, 1873
****************** *[[Pedaliodes obscura]]* Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1894
****************** *[[Pedaliodes obstructa]]* Pyrcz & Viloria, 1999
****************** *[[Pedaliodes occulta]]* Pyrcz & Viloria, 1999
****************** *[[Pedaliodes ornata]]* Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1895
****************** *[[Pedaliodes pacifica]]* Krüger, 1924
****************** *[[Pedaliodes pactyes]]* (Hewitson, 1874)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes paeonides]]* (Hewitson, 1874)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes palaeopolis]]* (Hewitson, 1878)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes pallantis]]* (Hewitson, 1862)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes palpita]]* Adams, 1986
****************** *[[Pedaliodes pammenes]]* (Hewitson, 1874)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes paneis]]* (Hewitson, 1862)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes panthides]]* (Hewitson, 1874)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes parma]]* Thieme, 1905
****************** *[[Pedaliodes parranda]]* Adams, 1986
****************** *[[Pedaliodes patizathes]]* (Hewitson, 1874)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes pausia]]* (Hewitson, 1862)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes pedacia]]* (Hewitson, 1868)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes pelinaea]]* (Hewitson, 1878)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes pelinna]]* (Hewitson, 1870)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes perisades]]* (Hewitson, 1874)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes peruda]]* (Hewitson, 1862)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes peruviana]]* Butler, 1873
****************** *[[Pedaliodes petri]]* Pyrcz & Viloria, 1999
****************** *[[Pedaliodes peucestas]]* (Hewitson, 1862)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes phaea]]* (Hewitson, 1862)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes phaedra]]* (Hewitson, 1870)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes phaeina]]* Staudinger, 1897
****************** *[[Pedaliodes phaeinomorpha]]* Viloria, Lamas & Pyrcz, 2008
****************** *[[Pedaliodes phanoclea]]* (Hewitson, 1877)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes phantasia]]* Lamas, Viloria & Pyrcz, 2009
****************** *[[Pedaliodes phazania]]* Grose-Smith, 1900
****************** *[[Pedaliodes pheres]]* Thieme, 1905
****************** *[[Pedaliodes pheretias]]* (Hewitson, 1872)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes philonis]]* (Hewitson, 1872)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes phoenissa]]* (Hewitson, 1872)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes phoenix]]* Lamas, 1999
****************** *[[Pedaliodes phrasa]]* Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1894
****************** *[[Pedaliodes phrasicla]]* (Hewitson, 1874)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes phrasiclea]]* Crose-Smith, 1900
****************** *[[Pedaliodes phrasis]]* Grose-Smith, 1900
****************** *[[Pedaliodes phthiodis]]* (Hewitson, 1874)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes pilaloensis]]* Pyrcz & Viloria, 1999
****************** *[[Pedaliodes piletha]]* (Hewitson, 1862)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes pimienta]]* Adams, 1986
****************** *[[Pedaliodes piscolabis]]* Pyrcz, 1999
****************** *[[Pedaliodes pisonia]]* (Hewitson, 1862)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes plotina]]* (Hewitson, 1862)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes poema]]* Pyrcz & Viloria, 1999
****************** *[[Pedaliodes poesia]]* (Hewitson, 1862)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes poetica]]* Staudinger, 1894
****************** *[[Pedaliodes polla]]* Thieme, 1905
****************** *[[Pedaliodes pollonia]]* Adams, 1986
****************** *[[Pedaliodes polusca]]* (Hewitson, 1862)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes pomponia]]* (Hewitson, 1869)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes poreia]]* Hewitson, 1869
****************** *[[Pedaliodes porima]]* Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1894
****************** *[[Pedaliodes porina]]* (Hewitson, 1862)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes praxia]]* (Hewitson, 1878)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes praxithea]]* (Hewitson, 1870)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes proculeja]]* Thieme, 1905
****************** *[[Pedaliodes proerna]]* (Hewitson, 1862)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes prosa]]* Staudinger, 1894
****************** *[[Pedaliodes prytanis]]* (Hewitson, 1862)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes puciula]]* Pyrcz & Viloria, 2006
****************** *[[Pedaliodes puracana]]* Krüger, 1924
****************** *[[Pedaliodes pylas]]* (Hewitson, 1862)
****************** *[[Pedaliodes ralphi]]* Adams, 1986
****************** *[[Pedaliodes roraimae]]* Embrik Strand, 1912
****************** *[[Pedaliodes rudnyi]]* Pyrcz, 1999
****************** *[[Pedaliodes rumba]]* Pyrcz & Viloria, 1999
****************** *[[Pedaliodes scydmaena]]* Hayward, 1968
****************** *[[Pedaliodes simonias]]* Thieme, 1905
****************** *[[Pedaliodes simpla]]* Thieme, 1905
****************** *[[Pedaliodes simplissima]]* Pyrcz, 2004
****************** *[[Pedaliodes socorrae]]* Adams, 1986
****************** *[[Pedaliodes sonata]]* Pyrcz & Viloria, 1999
****************** *[[Pedaliodes sophismata]]* Pyrcz, 2004
****************** *[[Pedaliodes spina]]* Weymer, 1912
****************** *[[Pedaliodes stuebeli]]* Pyrcz, 2004
****************** *[[Pedaliodes suspiro]]* Adams & Bernard, 1979
****************** *[[Pedaliodes syleus]]* Thieme, 1905
****************** *[[Pedaliodes sztolemani]]* Pyrcz, 2004
****************** *[[Pedaliodes tabaconas]]* Pyrcz & Viloria, 1999
****************** *[[Pedaliodes terramaris]]* Viloria & Pyrcz, 2000
****************** *[[Pedaliodes thiemei]]* Staudinger, 1897
****************** *[[Pedaliodes transmontana]]* Pyrcz & Viloria, 1999
****************** *[[Pedaliodes triaria]]* Godman & Salvin, 1878
****************** *[[Pedaliodes tucca]]* Thieme, 1905
****************** *[[Pedaliodes tyro]]* Thieme, 1905
****************** *[[Pedaliodes tyrrheoides]]* Adams & Bernard, 1979
****************** *[[Pedaliodes tyrrheus]]* Godman & Salvin, 1880
****************** *[[Pedaliodes uncus]]* Thieme, 1905
****************** *[[Pedaliodes uniauna]]* Pyrcz & Viloria, 2004
****************** *[[Pedaliodes uniformis]]* Weymer, 1912
****************** *[[Pedaliodes uniplaga]]* Weymer, 1912
****************** *[[Pedaliodes vallenata]]* Adams & Bernard, 1979
****************** *[[Pedaliodes wilhelmi]]* Pyrcz, 1999
****************** *[[Pedaliodes woytkowskii]]* Pyrcz, 2004
****************** *[[Pedaliodes xanthosphenisca]]* Hayward, 1968
****************** *[[Pedaliodes yutajeana]]* Viloria & Pyrcz, 2000
****************** *[[Pedaliodes yuvinha]]* Pyrcz & Boyer, 2008
****************** *[[Pedaliodes zingara]]* Heredia & Viloria, 2004
****************** *[[Pedaliodes zuleta]]* Adams & Bernard, 1979

## Kilder
* Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms: Sjekkliste over artene. Hentet 20.1. 2012.
* Lewis, H.L. (1974) Fjärilar från hela världen. Forum, Stockholm. ISBN 91-37-10100-5
* Butterflies of the Andes – *Pedaliodes hopfferi* http://www.learnaboutbutterflies.com/Andes%20-%20Pedaliodes%20hopfferi.htm

## Eksterne lenker
* 
* Brower, A.V.Z. (2006) ''Pedaliodes'' på ''Tree of life''