Bel canto

**Bel canto** (italiensk for 'vakker song') er eit musikkuttrykk som viser til kunsten og teorien bak songteknikk som oppstod i Italia mot slutten av 1500-talet og nådde høgdepunktet sitt tidleg på 1800-talet. Han viser til eit ideal der ei ekspressiv og fleksibel røyst blir brukt til å uttrykka vene klangfargar. Rossini, Bellini og Donizetti er dei best kjende eksponentane for denne stilarten. Dei tidlege operaene til Verdi kan også reknast til stilen.

## Kjelder

## Bakgrunnsstoff
; Artiklar
*Bel Canto: Historically Informed, Re-Creative Singing in the Age of Rhetorical Persuasion, c.1500 – c.1830 
*Nigro, Antonella, Observations on the Technique of Italian Singing from the 16th Century to the Present Day from the book "Celebri Arie Antiche: le piu' note arie del primo Barocco italiano trascritte e realizzate secondo lo stile dell'epoca" by Claudio Dall'Albero and Marcello Candela. (ref)
*Samoiloff, Lazar S. (1942), "Bel Canto", The Singer's Handbook

;Bøker
*Brown, M. Augusta (1894), University of Pennsylvania "Extracts From Vocal Art" in *The Congress of Women*, Mary Kavanaugh Oldham (ed.), Chicago: Monarch Book Company, p.&nbsp; 477.
*Celletti, Rodolfo (1983), *Storia del belcanto*, Fiesole: Discanto (English edition, translated by Frederick Fuller (1991), *A History of Bel Canto*, Oxford: Clarendon Press,  )
*Coffin, Berton (2002), *Sounds of Singing*, Second Edition, Littlefield.
*Christiansen, Rupert (15 March 2002), "A tenor for the 21st century", *[[The Daily Telegraph]]* Accessed 3 November 2008.
*Marchesi, Mathilde (1970), *Bel Canto: A Theoretical and Practical Vocal Method*, Dover. 
*Pleasants, Henry (1983), *The Great Singers from the Dawn of Opera to Our Own Time*, London: Macmillan Publishers. 
*Rosselli, John (1995), *Singers of Italian Opera: The History of a Profession*, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 
*Rushmore, Robert (1971), *The Singing Voice*, London: Hamish Hamilton. 
*Somerset-Ward, Richard (2004), *Angels and Monsters: Male and Female Sopranos in the Story of Opera*, New Haven & London: Yale University Press. 
*Reid, Cornelius L. (1950), *Bel Canto: Principles and Practices*, Joseph Patelson Music House 
*Rosenthal, Harold; Ewan West (eds.) (1996), *The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera*, London: Oxford University Press. 
*Scalisi, Cecilia (November 10, 2003), "Raúl Giménez, el maestro del bel canto", *[[La Nación]]*. Accessed 3 November 2008.
*Toft, Robert (1993), *Tune thy Musicke to thy Hart: The Art of Eloquent Singing in England 1597–1622*. University of Toronto Press. 
*Toft, Robert (2000), *Heart to Heart: Expressive Singing in England 1780–1830*. Oxford University Press. 
*Toft, Robert (2014), *With Passionate Voice: Re-Creative Singing in Sixteenth-Century England and Italy*. Oxford University Press. 
*Traité complet de chant et de déclamation lyrique Enrico Delle Sedie (Paris, 1847) fragment 

; Digitalisert materiale
*[''"Bel Canto"'' Titles](https://archive.org/search.php?query=(title%3A(bel%20canto)%20OR%20title%3A(belcanto)OR%20title%3A(bel-canto))%20AND%20date%3A%5b1300%20TO%201995%5d%20) from the Internet Archive (e.g. Lamperti, Giovanni Battista: *The Technics of Bel Canto*)
*Garcia, Manuel; Garcia, Beata, (trans.) (1894). [''Hints on singing''](https://archive.org/search.php?query=(singing)%20AND%20creator%3A(Manuel%20Garcia)), London: E. Ascherberg.
*Greene, Harry Plunket (1912), ''Interpretation in Song''. New York: The Macmillan Company.
*Lehmann, Lilli; Aldrich, Richard, (trans.) (1902), [''How to sing''](https://archive.org/search.php?query=creator%3A(Lilli%20Lehmann)), New York: Macmillan & Co. Ltd.

;Video
*Singing Early Music. Robert Toft. Discussions of period sources and recorded examples of 17th- and 18th-century singing.