Flygehundar

**Flygehundar** (*Pteropodidae*), på eng.: *fruit bats*, *old world fruit bats*, *flying foxes* eller *megabats*, er den eine av dei to gruppene av flaggermus. Den andre gruppa er småflaggermus. *Pteropodidae* er også ein familie. 

Dei fleste (men ikkje alle) artane er større enn småflaggermus. Dei minste er 6 cm lange, dei største blir 40 cm lange og har eit vengespenn på 1,5 m. Slike kjemper kan bli over eitt kilo tunge. Dei fleste flygehundar har store auge som gjer at dei kan orientere seg i halvmørke og i holer. Flygehundar har svært god luktesans. I motsetnad til småflaggermysene, brukar ikkje flygehundane ekkolokalisering. Unntaket er grotteflygehundar (slekta Rousettus), som brukar høgfrekvente klikkelydar til å orientere seg i holer.

Flygehundar er utbreidde i tropiske og subtropiske strøk frå Afrika til Aust-Asia og Australia.
Flygehundar lever av frukt og blomenektar. Ofte blir frukta most, og berre fruktsafta blir konsumert. Tennene er tilpassa til å bite gjennom harde fruktskal. Store flygehundar må lande for å ete fruktene, medan dei mindre artane er i stand til å stå stille i lufta framfor ein blom eller frukt. Mange flygehundar hjelper til med å spreie pollen og frø.

## Forskjellar mellom småflaggermusene og flygehundane
*Småflaggermus brukar ekko til å koordinere, mens dei aller fleste flygehundar ikkje gjer det.
*Småflaggermus manglar naglen på den andre tåa på forlemen.
*Øyrene på småflaggermus er ikkje forma som ein lukka ring, men som eitt stort øyre separert i to delar.

## Artar

Familien Pteropodidae er delt inn i sju underfamiliar med 186 total bevarte artar, representert med 44-46 slekter;

**FAMILIEN PTEROPODIDAE**
***Underfamilie [[Nyctimeninae]]**
** Slekta *Nyctimene* - tube-nosed fruit bats
***Broad-striped Tube-nosed Fruit Bat, *Nyctimene aello*
***Common Tube-nosed Fruit Bat, *Nyctimene albiventer*
***Pallas's Tube-nosed Fruit Bat, *Nyctimene cephalotes*
***Dark Tube-nosed Fruit Bat, *Nyctimene celaeno*
***Mountain Tube-nosed Fruit Bat, *Nyctimene certans*
***Round-eared Tube-nosed Fruit Bat, *Nyctimene cyclotis*
***Dragon Tube-nosed Fruit Bat, *Nyctimene draconilla*
***Keast's Tube-nosed Fruit Bat, *Nyctimene keasti*
***Island Tube-nosed Fruit Bat, *Nyctimene major*
***Malaita Tube-nosed Fruit Bat, *Nyctimene malaitensis*
***Demonic Tube-nosed Fruit Bat, *Nyctimene masalai*
***Lesser Tube-nosed Bat, *Nyctimene minutus*
***Philippine Tube-nosed Fruit Bat, *Nyctimene rabori*
***Eastern Tube-nosed Bat, *Nyctimene robinsoni*
***Nendo Tube-nosed Fruit Bat, *Nyctimene sanctacrucis* (utdøydd tidleg på 1800-talet)
***Umboi Tube-nosed Fruit Bat, *Nyctimene vizcaccia*
** Slekta *Paranyctimene*
***Lesser Tube-nosed Fruit Bat, *Paranyctimene raptor*
***Steadfast Tube-nosed Fruit Bat, *Paranyctimene tenax*
***Underfamilie [[Cynopterinae]]**
** Slekta *Aethalops* - pygmy fruit bats
***Borneo Fruit Bat, *Aethalops aequalis*
***Pygmy Fruit Bat, *Aethalops alecto*
** Slekta *Alionycteris*
***Mindanao Pygmy Fruit Bat, *Alionycteris paucidentata*
** Slekta *Balionycteris*
***Spotted-winged Fruit Bat, *Balionycteris maculata*
** Slekta *Chironax*
***Black-capped Fruit Bat, *Chironax melanocephalus*
** Slekta *Cynopterus* - dog-faced fruit bats or short-nosed fruit bats
***Lesser Short-nosed Fruit Bat, *Cynopterus brachyotis*
***Horsfield’s Fruit Bat, *Cynopterus horsfieldii*
***Peters’s Fruit Bat, *Cynopterus luzoniensis*
***Minute Fruit Bat, *Cynopterus minutus*
***Nusatenggara Short-nosed Fruit Bat, *Cynopterus nusatenggara*
***Greater Short-nosed Fruit Bat, *Cynopterus sphinx*
***Indonesian Short-nosed Fruit Bat, *Cynopterus titthaecheilus*
** Slekta *Dyacopterus* - Dayak fruit bats
***Brooks’s Dyak Fruit Bat, *Dyacopterus brooksi*
***Rickart's Dyak Fruit Bat, *Dyacopterus rickarti*
***Dayak Fruit Bat, *Dyacopterus spadiceus*
** Slekta *Haplonycteris*
***Fischer's Pygmy Fruit Bat, *Haplonycteris fischeri*
** Slekta *Latidens*
***Salim Ali's Fruit Bat, *Latidens salimalii*
** Slekta *Megaerops*
***Tailless fruit bat, *Megaerops ecaudatus*
***Javan Tailless Fruit Bat, *Megaerops kusnotoi*
***Ratanaworabhan's Fruit Bat, *Megaerops niphanae*
***White-collared fruit bat, *Megaerops wetmorei*
** Slekta *Otopteropus*
***Luzon Fruit Bat, *Otopteropus cartilagonodus*
** Slekta *Penthetor*
***Dusky Fruit Bat, *Penthetor lucasi*
** Slekta *Ptenochirus* - musky fruit bats
***Greater Musky Fruit Bat, *Ptenochirus jagori*
***Lesser Musky Fruit Bat, *Ptenochirus minor*
** Slekta *Sphaerias*
***Blanford's Fruit Bat, *Sphaerias blanfordi*
** Slekta *Thoopterus*
***Swift Fruit Bat, *Thoopterus nigrescens*
***[[Underfamilie Harpiyonycterinae]]**
** Slekta *Aproteles*
***Bulmer's Fruit Bat, *Aproteles bulmerae*
** Slekta *Dobsonia* - bare-backed fruit bats
***Andersen's Bare-backed Fruit Bat, *Dobsonia anderseni*
***Beaufort's Naked-backed Fruit Bat, *Dobsonia beauforti*
***Philippine bare-backed fruit bat, *Dobsonia chapmani*
***Halmahera Naked-backed Fruit Bat, *Dobsonia crenulata*
***Biak Naked-backed Fruit Bat, *Dobsonia emersa*
***Sulawesi Naked-backed Fruit Bat, *Dobsonia exoleta*
***Solomon's Naked-backed Fruit Bat, *Dobsonia inermis*
***Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Bat, *Dobsonia minor*
***Moluccan Naked-backed Fruit Bat, *Dobsonia moluccensis*
***Panniet Naked-backed Fruit Bat, *Dobsonia pannietensis*
***Western Naked-backed Fruit Bat, *Dobsonia peroni*
***New Britain Naked-backed Fruit Bat, *Dobsonia praedatrix*
***Greenish Naked-backed Fruit Bat, *Dobsonia viridis*
** Slekta *Harpyionycteris*
***Sulawesi Harpy Fruit Bat, *Harpyionycteris celebensis*
***Harpy Fruit Bat, *Harpyionycteris whiteheadi*
***Underfamilie [[Macroglossinae]]**
** Slekta *Macroglossus* - long-tongued fruit bats
***Long-tongued Nectar Bat, *Macroglossus minimus*
***Long-tongued Fruit Bat, *Macroglossus sobrinus*
** Slekta *Melonycteris*
***Fardoulis' Blossom Bat, *Melonycteris fardoulisi*
***Black-bellied Fruit Bat, *Melonycteris melanops*
***Woodford's Fruit Bat, *Melonycteris woodfordi*
** Slekta *Notopteris* - long-tailed fruit bats
***Long-tailed Fruit Bat, *Notopteris macdonaldi* (Fiji og Vanuatu)
***New Caledonia Blossom Bat, *Notopteris neocaledonica* (Ny-Caledonia)
** Slekta *Syconycteris* - blossom bats
***Common Blossom Bat, *Syconycteris australis*
***Halmahera Blossom Bat, *Syconycteris carolinae*
***Moss-forest Blossom Bat, *Syconycteris hobbit*
***Underfamilie [[Pteropodinae]]**
** Slekta *Acerodon*
***Sulawesi Flying Fox, *Acerodon celebensis*
***Talaud Flying Fox, *Acerodon humilis*
***Giant Golden-crowned Flying Fox, *Acerodon jubatus*
***Palawan Fruit Bat, *Acerodon leucotis*
***Sunda Flying Fox, *Acerodon mackloti*
** Slekta *Desmalopex*
***White-winged Flying Fox, *Desmalopex leucopterus*
***Small White-winged Flying Fox, *Desmalopex microleucopterus*
** Slekta *Eidolon (Slekta)|Eidolon* - straw-coloured fruit bats
***Madagascan Fruit Bat, *Eidolon dupreanum*
***Straw-coloured Fruit Bat, *Eidolon helvum*
** Slekta *Mirimiri*
***Fijian Monkey-faced Bat, *Mirimiri acrodonta*
** Slekta *Neopteryx*
***Small-toothed Fruit Bat, *Neopteryx frosti*
** Slekta *Pteralopex*
***Bougainville Monkey-faced Bat, *Pteralopex anceps*
***Guadalcanal Monkey-faced Bat, *Pteralopex atrata*
***Greater Monkey-faced Bat, *Pteralopex flanneryi*
***Montane Monkey-faced Bat, *Pteralopex pulchra*
***New Georgian Monkey-faced Bat, *Pteralopex taki*
**Slekta *Pteropus* - flying foxes
****P. alecto* species group
****Black Flying Fox, *Pteropus alecto*
****P. caniceps* species group
****Ashy-headed Flying Fox, *Pteropus caniceps*
****P. chrysoproctus* species group
****Silvery Flying Fox, *Pteropus argentatus*
****Moluccan Flying Fox, *Pteropus chrysoproctus*
****Makira Flying Fox, *Pteropus cognatus*
****Banks Flying Fox, *Pteropus fundatus*
****Solomons Flying Fox, *Pteropus rayneri*
****Rennell Flying Fox, *Pteropus rennelli*
****P. conspicillatus* species group
****Spectacled Flying Fox, *Pteropus conspicillatus*
****Ceram Fruit Bat, *Pteropus ocularis*
****P. livingstonii* species group
****Aru Flying Fox, *Pteropus aruensis*
****Kei Flying Fox, *Pteropus keyensis*
****Livingstone's Fruit Bat, *Pteropus livingstonii*
****Black-bearded Flying Fox, *Pteropus melanopogon*
****P. mariannus* species group
****Okinawa Flying Fox, *Pteropus loochoensis*
****Mariana Fruit Bat, *Pteropus mariannus*
****Pelew Flying Fox, *Pteropus pelewensis*
****Kosrae Flying Fox, *Pteropus ualanus*
****Yap Flying Fox, *Pteropus yapensis*
****P. melanotus* species group
****Black-eared Flying Fox, *Pteropus melanotus*
****P. molossinus* species group
****Lombok Flying Fox, *Pteropus lombocensis*
****Caroline Flying Fox, *Pteropus molossinus*
****Rodrigues Flying Fox, *Pteropus rodricensis*
****P. neohibernicus* species group
****Great Flying Fox, *Pteropus neohibernicus*
****P. niger* species group
****Aldabra Flying Fox, *Pteropus aldabrensis*
****Mauritian Flying Fox, *Pteropus niger*
****Madagascan Flying Fox, *Pteropus rufus*
****Seychelles fruit bat|Seychelles Fruit Bat, *Pteropus seychellensis*
****Pemba Flying Fox, *Pteropus voeltzkowi*
****P. personatus* species group
****Bismark Masked Flying Fox, *Pteropus capistratus*
****Masked Flying Fox, *Pteropus personatus*
****Temminck's Flying Fox, *Pteropus temminckii*
****P. poliocephalus* species group
****Big-eared Flying Fox, *Pteropus macrotis*
****Geelvink Bay Flying Fox, *Pteropus pohlei*
****Grey-headed Flying Fox, *Pteropus poliocephalus*
****P. pselaphon* species group
****Chuuk Flying Fox, *Pteropus insularis*
****Temotu Flying Fox, *Pteropus nitendiensis*
****Large Palau Flying Fox, *Pteropus pilosus* (utdøydd på 1800-talet)
****Bonin Flying Fox, *Pteropus pselaphon*
****Guam Flying Fox, *Pteropus tokudae* (utdøydd i 1970-åra)
****Insular Flying Fox, *Pteropus tonganus*
****Vanikoro Flying Fox, *Pteropus tuberculatus*
****New Caledonia Flying Fox, *Pteropus vetulus*
****P. samoensis* species group
****Vanuatu Flying Fox, *Pteropus anetianus*
****Samoa Flying Fox, *Pteropus samoensis*
****P. scapulatus* species group
****Gilliard's Flying Fox, *Pteropus gilliardorum*
****Lesser Flying Fox, *Pteropus mahaganus*
****Little Red Flying Fox, *Pteropus scapulatus*
****Dwarf Flying Fox, *Pteropus woodfordi*
****P. subniger* species group
****Admiralty Flying Fox, *Pteropus admiralitatum*
****Dusky Flying Fox, *Pteropus brunneus* (utdøydd på 1800-talet)
****Ryukyu Flying Fox, *Pteropus dasymallus*
****Nicobar Flying Fox, *Pteropus faunulus*
****Gray Flying Fox, *Pteropus griseus*
****Ontong Java Flying Fox, *Pteropus howensis*
****Small Flying Fox, *Pteropus hypomelanus*
****Ornate Flying Fox, *Pteropus ornatus*
****Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox, *Pteropus pumilus*
****Philippine Gray Flying Fox, *Pteropus speciosus*
****Small Mauritian Flying Fox, *Pteropus subniger* (utdøydd på 1800-talet)
****P. vampyrus* species group
****Indian Flying Fox, *Pteropus giganteus*
****Andersen's Flying Fox, *Pteropus intermedius*
****Lyle's Flying Fox, *Pteropus lylei*
****Large Flying Fox, *Pteropus vampyrus*
****incertae sedis*
****Small Samoan Flying Fox, *Pteropus allenorum* (utdøydd på 1800-talet)
****Large Samoan Flying Fox, *Pteropus coxi* (utdøydd på 1800-talet)
** Slekta *Styloctenium*
***Mindoro stripe-faced fruit bat, *Styloctenium mindorensis*
***Sulawesi Stripe-faced Fruit Bat, *Styloctenium wallacei*
***Underfamilie [[Rousettinae]]**
** Slekta *Eonycteris* - dawn fruit bats
***Greater Nectar Bat, *Eonycteris major*
***Cave Nectar Bat, *Eonycteris spelaea*
***Philippine Dawn Bat, *Eonycteris robusta*
** Slekta *Rousettus* - rousette fruit bats
***SubSlekta *Boneia*
****Manado Fruit Bat, *Rousettus (Boneia) bidens*
***SubSlekta *Rousettus (subSlekta)|Rousettus*
****Geoffroy's Rousette, *Rousettus amplexicaudatus*
****Sulawesi Rousette, *Rousettus celebensis*
****Egyptian Rousette, *Rousettus aegyptiacus*
****Leschenault's Rousette, *Rousettus leschenaulti*
****Linduan Rousette, *Rousettus linduensis*
****Comoro Rousette, *Rousettus obliviosus*
****Bare-backed Rousette, *Rousettus spinalatus*
***SubSlekta *Stenonycteris*
****Long-haired Rousette, *Rousettus (Stenonycteris) lanosus*
****Madagascar Rousette, *Rousettus (Stenonycteris) madagascariensis*
***Underfamilie [[Epomophorinae]]**
****Stammen Epomophorini**
*** Slekta *Epomophorus* - epauletted fruit bats
****Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bat, *Epomophorus angolensis*
****Ansell's Epauletted Fruit Bat, *Epomophorus anselli*
****Peters's Epauletted Fruit Bat, *Epomophorus crypturus*
****Gambian Epauletted Fruit Bat, *Epomophorus gambianus*
****Lesser Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bat, *Epomophorus grandis*
****Ethiopian Epauletted Fruit Bat, *Epomophorus labiatus*
****East African Epauletted Fruit Bat, *Epomophorus minimus*
****Minor Epauletted Fruit Bat, *Epomophorus minor*
****Wahlberg's Epauletted Fruit Bat, *Epomophorus wahlbergi*
*** Slekta *Epomops* - epauletted bats
****Buettikofer's Epauletted Fruit Bat, *Epomops buettikoferi*
****Dobson's Fruit Bat, *Epomops dobsoni*
****Franquet's Epauletted Fruit Bat, *Epomops franqueti*
*** Slekta *Hypsignathus*
****Hammer-headed bat|Hammer-headed Bat, *Hypsignathus monstrosus*
*** Slekta *Micropteropus* - dwarf epauletted bats
****Hayman's Dwarf Epauletted Fruit Bat, *Micropteropus intermedius*
****Peter's Dwarf Epauletted Fruit Bat, *Micropteropus pusillus*
*** Slekta *Nanonycteris*
****Veldkamp's Dwarf Epauletted Fruit Bat, *Nanonycteris veldkampii*
****Stammen Myonycterini**
*** Slekta *Lissonycteris*
****Angolan Rousette, *Lissonycteris angolensis*
*** Slekta *Megaloglossus*
****Woermann's Bat, *Megaloglossus woermanni*
*** Slekta *Myonycteris* - little collared fruit bats
****São Tomé Collared Fruit Bat, *Myonycteris brachycephala*
****East African Little Collared Fruit Bat, *Myonycteris relicta*
****Little Collared Fruit Bat, *Myonycteris torquata*
****Stammen Plerotini**
*** Slekta *Plerotes*
****D'Anchieta's Fruit Bat, *Plerotes anchietae*
****Stammen Scotonycterini**
*** Slekta *Casinycteris*
****Short-palated Fruit Bat, *Casinycteris argynnis*
*** Slekta *Scotonycteris*
****Zenker's Fruit Bat, *Scotonycteris zenkeri*
****Pohle's Fruit Bat, *Scotonycteris ophiodon*
**Merk:** Engelske tittelar er inkludert.

## Kjelder


**Denne artikkelen bygger på «[[:nb:Flygehunder|Flygehunder]]» frå ,  den 28. mai 2012.*  
 

**Denne artikkelen bygger på «[[:en:Megabat|Megabat]]» frå ,  den 27. juli 2012.*