रेम्ब्रान्ड्ट

**रेम्ब्रान्ड्ट हार्मेन्स्जून भान रिन** (डच भाषा: Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn) (जुलाई १५, सन् १६०६ – अक्टोबर ४, सन् १६६९) छम्ह डच चित्रकार व एचर ख। वय्‌कःयात आपालं युरोपियन इतिहासया दक्ले तःधंपिं चित्रकार व प्रिन्टमेकरय् छम्ह व नेदरल्याण्डया इतिहासया दक्ले महत्त्वपूर्ण कलाकारयअ रुपय् कायेगु या।  वय्‌कःया कलाया युगयात डच सुवर्ण युग धायेगु या। 

तरुणावस्थाय् पोर्ट्रेट किपामिया कथं सफल जुयादिम्ह वय्‌कलं जीवनया उत्तरार्धय् यक्व व्यक्तिगत दुःख व आर्थिक समस्या फयादिल। अथे जुसां वय्‌कःया किपा वय्‌कःया जीवनय् हे सिक्क नांजाल व वय्‌कःयात किपामिया रुपय् जीवनदच्छि हे हनिगु जुल।  वय्‌कलं २० दँ तक्क सकल थें हे नांजापिं डच किपामितयेत किपा स्यनादिल।  वय्‌कःया दक्ले सीर्जनशील सफलता वय्‌कःया प्रोट्रेट किपा, आत्म किपा व  बाइबलया क्षणतेगु किपाय् खने दु। वय्‌कःया आत्मकिपातयेसं वय्‌कःया छगू अलग व आत्मीय आत्मकथा देकूगु दु गुकिलि किपामिं थःयात इमानदार कथं निरिक्षण याःगु दु।  

किपा व प्रिन्टमेकिङ निगुलिं हे ख्यले वय्‌कलं प्राचीन आइकोनोग्राफीइ थःगु ज्ञान क्यनादिगु दु। थ्व ज्ञानयात वय्‌कलं थःगु आवश्यकता व अनुभव कथं बांलाकादिगु दु। बिब्लिकल क्षणया वय्‌कःया किपाय् वय्‌कलं सफू, क्लासिकल कम्पोजिसन व एम्स्टरड्यामय् वय्‌कलं खनादिगु यहुदी जनसंख्याया वर्णन खनेदु ।  वय्‌कःया मानवीय अवस्थाया बुझया निंतिं वय्‌कःयात "सभ्यताया दक्ले तधंपिं प्रोफेटय् छम्ह" (one of the great prophets of civilization) धका नं हनिगु या। 

## ग्यालरी
### आत्म किपा

Image:Rembrandt - Self-Portrait - WGA19206.jpg|A young Rembrandt, c. 1628, when he was 22. Partly an exercise in chiaroscuro. Rijksmuseum
Image:Rembrandt laughing.jpg|A more cheerful pose, also from ca. 1628, recently re-discovered.
Image:Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn 144.jpg|Rembrandt in 1632, when he was enjoying great success as a fashionable portraitist in this style.
Image:Rembrandtselfportraitweb.jpg|Role-playing in *Self-portrait as an oriental Potentate with a [[Kris]]*, etching, 1634.
Image:Self portrait leaning on si 373x470.jpg|*Self-portrait leaning on a Sill*, etching, 1639
Image:Self-portrait_at_34_by_Rembrandt.jpg|1640, wearing a costume in the style of  over a century earlier. National Gallery
Image:Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn 132.jpg|Vienna c. 1655, oil on walnut, cut down in size.
Image:Rembrandt_-_Self_Portrait111.jpg|Rembrandt - Self Portrait, 1659?, Edinburgh, detail.
Image:Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn 135.jpg|Dated  1669, the year he died, though he looks much older in other portraits. National Gallery 


### मेगु किपा


Image:Rembrandt_Artiest_in_zijn_studio,_1629..jpg|*Artist in his studio*, 1629
Image:Rembrandt_-_The_Philosopher_in_Meditation.jpg|The Philosopher in Meditation
Image:Rembrandt_Buste_van_oude_man_met_bontmuts._1630.jpg|Bust of an old man with helmet, 1630
Image:Rembrandt - The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp.jpg|*[[Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp]]*, 1632 

Image:Johannes Wtenbogaert by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Portrait of Johannes Wtenbogaert, 1633 - a preacher, like many of the best portraits of the 1630s 

 
Image:Rembrandt_Abraham_en_Isaac,_1634..jpg|*Abraham and Isaac*, 1634
Image:Rembrandt_Afneming_van_het_kruis._1634..jpg|*Descent from the Cross*. 1634. 1634
Image:Rembrandt_Artemis,_1634..jpg|*Artemis*, 1634

Image:Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn 086.jpg|Saskia as "Flora", 1635 
Image:Rembrandt - Rembrandt and Saskia in the Scene of the Prodigal Son - Google Art Project.jpg|Rembrandt and Saskia pose as "The Prodigal Son in the Tavern" - a portrait historié, 1635
Image:Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn 041.jpg|*The Blinding of Samson*, 1636, which Rembrandt gave to Huyghens
Image:Rembrandt-Belsazar.jpg|*Belshassar's Feast*, 1636-8

 
Image:Rembrandt_De_aartsengel_verlaat_Tobias_en_zijn_gezin._1637.jpg|The Archangel leaving Tobias*, 1637
Image:John_20_14.jpg|*The Risen Christ Appearing to Mary Magdalen*, 1638
Image:The Mill-1645 1648-Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|*the Mill*, 1648
Image:Rembrandt_baadster.jpg|*Bathing woman*, modelled by Hendrickje, 1654
Image:Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn 016.jpg|*Bathsheba in her bath*, also modelled by Hendrickje, 1654
Image:Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn 097.jpg|Portrait of Jan Six, 1654. Six was a wealthy friend of Rembrandt.
Image:Rembrandt_Christus_aan_het_volk_getoond.jpg|*Christ presented to the People*, [[drypoint]], 1655, State I of VII.
Image:Rembrandt - Klesveverlaugets forstandere i Amsterdam.jpg|The Syndics of the Clothmakers' Guild, 1662
Image:Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn 046.jpg|*The Conspiracy of Claudius Civilis* (cut-down), 1661-62
Image:Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_-_The_Return_of_the_Prodigal_Son.jpg|*The Return of the Prodigal Son*, c. 1669
Image:Rembrandt Susanna Zeichnung.jpg|*Suzannah and the Elders*, drawing, 1634
Image:Jesus und Ehebrecherin.jpg|*Christ and the woman taken in adultery*, drawing
Image:Virgin and child with cat.jpg| [[The Virgin and Child with a Cat]], 1654. Original copper etching plate above, example of the print below.
</gallery>

== लिधंसा ==


== लिधंसा ==
* Ackley, Clifford, et al, *Rembrandt's Journey*, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 2004. ISBN 0-87846-677-0
* 
* Bull, Duncan, et al, *Rembrandt-Caravaggio*, Rijksmuseum, 2006. 
* Clark, Kenneth, *Civilisation*, Harper & Row, 1969.
* [[Kenneth Clark|Clark, Kenneth]], *An Introduction to Rembrandt*, 1978, London, John Murray/Readers Union, 1978
* 
* [[Ernst Gombrich|Gombrich, E.H.]], *The Story of Art*, Phaidon, 1995. ISBN 0-7148-3355-X
* 
* *The Complete Etchings of Rembrandt Reproduced in Original Size*, Gary Schwartz (editor). New York: Dover, 1988. ISBN 0-486-28181-7
* Slive, Seymour, Dutch Painting, 1600-1800, Yale UP, 1995,ISBN 0-300-07451-4
* [[Ernst van de Wetering|van de Wetering, Ernst]], *Rembrandt: The Painter at Work*, Amsterdam University Press, 2000. ISBN 0-520-22668-2
* *Rembrandt by himself* (Christopher White - Editor, Quentin Buvelot - Editor) National Gallery Co Ltd [1999]
* Christopher White, *The Late Etchings of Rembrandt*, 1969, British Museum/Lund Humphries, London

=== Further reading ===
* [[Catalogue raisonné]]: Stichting Foundation Rembrandt Research Project: 
** *A Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings - Volume I*, which deals with works from Rembrandt’s early years in Leiden (1629-1631), 1982
** *A Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings - Volume II: 1631-1634*. Bruyn, J., Haak, B. (et al.), Band 2, 1986, ISBN 978-90-247-3339-2
** *A Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings - Volume III, 1635-1642*. Bruyn, J., Haak, B., Levie, S.H., van Thiel, P.J.J., van de Wetering, E. (Ed. Hrsg.), Band 3, 1990, ISBN 978-90-247-3781-9
** *A Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings - Volume IV*. Ernst van de Wetering, Karin Groen et al. Springer, Dordrecht, the Netherlands (NL). ISBN 1-4020-3280-3. p. 692. (Self-Portraits)
* *Rembrandt. Images and metaphors*, Christian Tumpel (editor), Haus Books London 2006 ISBN 13: 978-1-904950-92-9
* 
* Van De Wetering, Ernst (2004) (2nd paperback printing). *The Painter At Work''. University of California Press,Berkley and Los Angeles. University  of California Press, London, England. By arrangement with Amsterdam University Press. ISBN O-520-22668-2.

## External links

* Paintings by Rembrandt
* A biography of the artist Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn from the J. Paul Getty Museum
* Rembrandt's Late Religious Portraits at the National Gallery of Art, Washington
* Etchings by Rembrandt at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
* Rembrandt van Rijn in the "History of Art"   
* Rembrandt's house in Amsterdam English version; site has good images of many of his etchings]
* Web Catalogue of Rembrandt's Paintings Over 600 paintings, including former and disputed attributions, divided into categories.
* Boston MFA Good images of almost all of Rembrandt's etchings. c400 images.
* Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam 
* Rembrandt Research Project 
* Webmuseum Paris: Lots of high-resolution scans of his paintings
* Encyclopedia Britannica article
*  Rembrandt van Rijn - Life and Art
*  Provenance Helpline A play by Jim Grover on art ownership, seen through the eyes of a Rembrandt double portrait.
* Biblical art by  Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn A Themed collection
* The Rembrandt Signature Files.  Information about Rembrandt's name and signatures.
* Literature

*
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