पठान

पठान (पश्तो: , पश्ताना, उर्दू:) दक्षिण एसियामा बसोबास गर्ने एक  जनजाति (समुदाय) हो। यो जातिको मूलथलो अफगानिस्तानमा हिन्दु कुश पर्वत र पाकिस्तानमा सिन्धु नदीको छेउछाउको क्षेत्र हो। हाल यो समुदाय अफगानिस्तान, पाकिस्तान र भारतका अन्य धेरै क्षेत्रमा बसोबास गरेको पाइन्छ।

पश्तूनहरू संसारको २६ औं सबैभन्दा ठूलो जातीय समूह हो, र सबैभन्दा ठूलो खण्डीय वंश समाज हो; त्यहाँ अनुमानित ३५०-४०० पश्तून जनजातिहरू र विभिन्न प्रकारका उत्पत्ति सिद्धान्तहरू छन्।. विश्वभर पश्तुन जातिको कुल जनसंख्या लगभग ४ करोड ९० लाख रहेको अनुमान गरिएको छ, यद्यपि यो संख्या सन् १९७९ देखि अफगानिस्तानमा आधिकारिक जनगणना नभएको कारणले विवादित छ।  पठानहरू अफगानिस्तानको सबैभन्दा ठूलो जातीय समूह र पाकिस्तानको दोस्रो ठूलो जातीय समूह हुन्, कुल अफगान जनसंख्याको लगभग ४८ प्रतिशत र कुल पाकिस्तानी जनसंख्याको लगभग १५.४प्रतिशत हो। . भारतमा, पठान (पश्तून ) डायस्पोराका महत्वपूर्ण र ऐतिहासिक समुदायहरू रोहिलखण्डको उत्तरी क्षेत्रका साथै दिल्ली र मुम्बई जस्ता प्रमुख भारतीय सहरहरूमा अवस्थित छन्। . हालैको पश्तून डायस्पोरा फारसको खाडीका अरब राज्यहरूमा (मुख्यतया संयुक्त अरब इमिरेट्समा) त्यस क्षेत्रमा ठूलो अफगान र पाकिस्तानी डायस्पोराको भागको रूपमा गठन भएको छ।.

## उल्लेखनीय व्यक्ति 
*अहमद शाह अब्दाली, दुर्रानी साम्राज्य का संस्थापक पानीपतको तेस्रो लडाइँ मा मराठा साम्राज्य लाई पराजित गरेका थिए। उनलाई आधुनिक अफगानिस्तानको संस्थापक  मानिन्छ।  
*Timur Shah Durrani, second ruler of the Durrani Empire, defeated Sikhs and took back Multan.
*Mirwais Hotak, revolted against Safavid Iran and established the Hotak dynasty.
*Mahmud Hotak, second ruler of the Hotaki dynasty and Shah of Persia. He Invaded Persia and overthrew the Safavid dynasty.
*Azad Shah Afghan, military commander famous for conquering parts of Central and Western Iran, as well as Kurdistan and Gilan.
*हमिद कारजाई, पोपलजाई जनजातिका प्रमुख र 22 डिसेम्बर 2001 देखि 29 सेप्टेम्बर 2014 सम्म अफगानिस्तानको राष्ट्रपतिको रूपमा सेवा गरे।
*मोहम्मद असरफ घानी, इस्लामिक गणतन्त्र अफगानिस्तानका पूर्व राष्ट्रपति
*Mohammad Najibullah, Afghan politician 
*Gulbuddin Hekmatyar
*Hafizullah Amin
*Mohammed Daoud Khan
*Mohammed Zahir Shah
*Ayub Khan (Hindko Speaker)
*Yahya Khan
*Amanullah Khan
* Shaheen Afridi, Pakistani cricketer.
* Rashid Khan, Afghan cricketer.
*Khalilullah Khalili, Pashtun poet of the Persian language. 
*Sher Shah Suri, founder and 16th century ruler of the Sur Empire. Defeated the Mughal Empire at the Battle of Chausa.
*Rahman Baba, Pashto poet and Sufi Dervish. 
*Bahlul Lodi, founder and 15th century ruler of the Lodi dynasty. 
*Sikandar Lodi, Sultan of the Lodi dynasty. He gained control of Bihar and founded the modern city of Agra.
*Ibrahim Lodi, last Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate. 
*Abdul Ahad Momand, first Afghan cosmonaut, made Pashto the 4th language spoken in space
*Khushal Khan Khattak, warrior and Pashto poet.
*Madhubala, Indian actress of Pashtun descent. Famous for her portrayal of Anarkali in the 1960 film *Mughal-e-Azam*, which was the highest grossing film in India at that point of time.
*Nazo Tokhi, Afghan poetess and writer in the Pashto language. Mother of the 18th century Afghan King Mirwais Hotak. 
*Wazir Akbar Khan, Afghan prince, general and emir. Famous for his role in the First Anglo-Afghan War, particularly for the massacre of Elphinstone's army.
*Abdul Ghafoor Breshna, painter, music composer, poet and film director. Breshna is regarded as one of Afghanistan's most talented artists. He is the artist behind the painting 1747 coronation of Ahmad Shah Durrani, sketch of Sher Shah Suri and the Afghan national anthem of the Republic of Afghanistan. 
*Malalai of Maiwand, national folk hero of Afghanistan. Rallied Pashtun fighters to defeat the British during the Second Anglo-Afghan war. 
*Pir Roshan, warrior, poet, Sufi and revolutionary leader. Created the first known Pashto alphabet. He's also the founder of the Roshani movement/the enlightened movement.
*Hamza Shinwari, prominent Pashto poet. He is considered a bridge between classic Pashto literature and modern literature.
*Abdul Ghani Khan, philosopher, poet, eartist, writer and politician. 
*Ahmad Zahir, dubbed the "Elvis of Afghanistan", Ahmad Zahir is considered to be the best singer in Afghanistan's history. Most of his songs are in Persian, albeit he also made many songs in Pashto, Russian, English and Urdu.
*Mirza Mazhar Jan-e-Janaan, renowned Hanafi Maturidi Naqshbandi Sufi poet, distinguished as one of the "four pillars of Urdu poetry".
*मलाला युसुफजाई, महिला शिक्षा कार्यकर्ता, 17 वर्षको उमेरमा 2014 नोबेल शान्ति पुरस्कार प्रदान गरियो, नोबेल पुरस्कार प्राप्त गर्ने पहिलो पश्तून।

## यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्
* भारत
* पाकिस्तान
* अफगानिस्तान

## सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू

## बाह्य कडीहरू
श्रेणी:जनजाति
श्रेणी:पाकिस्तानका जातीय समूहहरू