Paucituberculata

Il-Paucituberculata (Pawċituberkulata) huwa ordni ta' mammiferi marsupjali, dawk l-ispeċijiet estanti li ġeneralment jissejħu opossumi bugdiedem jew opossumi firien. Dan qiegħed ikklassifikat fil-klassi Mammalia, fis-sottoklassi Theria, fl-infraklassi Metatheria u fis-superordni Ameridelphia. Il-Paucituberculata għandu familja waħda biss b' rappreżentanti ħajjin, il-familja Caenolestidae u fiha hemm miġburin 3 ġeneri (*[[Caenolestes]]*, *[[Lestoros]]* u *[[Rhyncholestes]]*), li bejniethom għandhom 7 speċijiet ħajjin. 

Dan l-ordni miljuni ta' snin ilu kien ħafna akbar fin-numru ta' ġeneri u speċijiet u b' ħafna aktar varjeta kemm fid-daqs kif ukoll fil-morfoloġija u fit-tip ta' niċeċ okkupati minnhom. 

Il-Paucituberculata flimkien ma' l-ordni Didelphimorphia u l-ordni estint Sparassodonta, jiffurmaw is-superordni Ameridelphia il-marsupjali Amerikani (dan ta' laħħar jiġbor fiħ il-marsupjali kollha tal-kontinenti Amerikani b' eċċezzjoni tal-kolokolo li jagħmel parti mill-grupp tal-marsupjali Awstraljani).

*(għal aktar informazzjoni ara l-artiklu [[Opossum bugeddum]])*

## Lista tal-[[speċi|ispeċi]]jiet ħajjin tal-[[ordni]] [[Paucituberculata]]

*Ordni Paucituberculata
**Sottordni Caenolestoidea
***Familja Caenolestidae
****Sottofamilja Caenolestinae
*****Ġeneru *[[Caenolestes]]* 
******Opossum bugeddum ta' żaqqu griża jew Opossum far ta' żaqqu griża, *[[Caenolestes caniventer]]*
******Opossum bugeddum tal-Andi jew Opossum far tal-Andi, *[[Caenolestes condorensis]]*
******Opossum bugeddum tat-Tramuntana jew Opossum far tat-Tramuntana, *[[Caenolestes convelatus]]*
******Opossum bugeddum skur jew Opossum far skur, *[[Caenolestes fuliginosus]]*
******Opossum bugeddum tal-Lvant jew Opossum far tal-Lvant, *[[Caenolestes sangay]]*
*****Ġeneru *[[Lestoros]]*
******Opossum bugeddum Peruvjan jew Opossum bugeddum tal-Inka, *[[Lestoros inca]]*
*****Ġeneru *[[Rhyncholestes]]*
******Opossum bugeddum ta' mnieħru twil jew Opossum far ta' mnieħru twil, *[[Rhyncholestes raphanurus]]*

## Tassonomija tal-ordni Paucituberculata

*Ordni Paucituberculata (Ameghino, 1894)
**Sottordni †Caenolestoidea
***Familja †Carolopaulacoutoiidae
****Ġeneru †*[[Carolopaulacoutoia]]* (McKenna & Bell, 1997)
*****†*[[Carolopaulacoutoia itaboraiensis]]* (Paula Couto, 1970)
***Familja Caenolestidae
****Sottofamilja †Pichipilinae
*****Ġeneru †*[[Pichipilus]]* (Ameghino, 1890)
******†*[[Pichipilus centinelus]]* (Marshall and Pascual, 1977)
******†*[[Pichipilus exilis]]*
******†*[[Pichipilus halleuxi]]*
******†*[[Pichipilus osborni]]* (Ameghino, 1890)
******†*[[Pichipilus rigssi]]* 
*****Ġeneru †*[[Phonocdromus]]* (Ameghino, 1894)
******†*[[Phonocdromus gracilis]]*
******†*[[Phonocdromus patagonicus]]*
*****Ġeneru †*[[Pliolestes]]* (Reig, 1955)
******†*[[Pliolestes tripotamicus]]* (Reig, 1955)
****Sottofamilja Caenolestinae
*****Ġeneru *[[Caenolestes]]* (Thomas, 1895)
*******[[Caenolestes caniventer]]* (Anthony, 1921)
*******[[Caenolestes condorensis]]* (Albuja & Patterson, 1996)
*******[[Caenolestes convelatus]]* (Anthony, 1924)
*******[[Caenolestes fuliginosus]]* (Tomes, 1863)
*******[[Caenolestes sangay]]*
******†*[[Caenolestes judithae]]*				
******†*[[Caenolestes minor]]*				
*****Ġeneru *[[Lestoros]]* (Oehser, 1934)
*******[[Lestoros inca]]* (Thomas, 1917)
*****Ġeneru †*[[Pseudhalmarhiphus]]* (Ameghino, 1903)
******†*[[Pseudhalmarhiphus guaraniticus]]* (Ameghino, 1903)
*****Ġeneru *[[Rhyncholestes]]* (Osgood, 1924)
*******[[Rhyncholestes raphanurus]]* (Osgood, 1924)
*****Ġeneru †*[[Stilotherium]]* (Ameghino, 1887) 
******†*[[Stilotherium dissimile]]* 
***Familja †Palaeothentidae			
****Sottofamilja Incertae sedis
*****Ġeneru †*[[Hondathentes]]* (Bown & Dumont, 1993)
******†*[[Hondathentes cazador]]* (Bown & Dumont, 1993)
****Sottofamilja †Acdestinae				
*****Ġeneru †*[[Acdestis]]* (Ameghino, 1887)
******†*[[Acdestis columnaris]]*				
******†*[[Acdestis gracilis]]*				
******†*[[Acdestis lemairei]]*	
******†*[[Acdestis ligatus]]*
******†*[[Acdestis maddeni]]* (Anaya-Daza & Goin & Kay & Sánchez-Villagra & Takai, 2003)
******†*[[Acdestis obusta]]*
******†*[[Acdestis oweni]]*
******†*[[Acdestis robustus]]*				
******†*[[Acdestis spegazinii]]*
*****Ġeneru †*[[Acdestodon]]* (Bown & Fleagle, 1993)
******†*[[Acdestodon bonapartei]]* (Bown & Fleagle, 1993)
*****Ġeneru †*[[Acdestoides]]* (Bown & Fleagle, 1993)
******†*[[Acdestoides bonapartei]]*				
******†*[[Acdestoides praecursor]]* (Bown & Fleagle, 1993) *[[Acdestis praecursor]]*?
*****Ġeneru †*[[Trelewthentes]]* (Bown & Fleagle, 1993)
******†*[[Trelewthentes rothi]]* (Bown & Fleagle, 1993)
****Sottofamilja †Palaeothentinae
*****Ġeneru †*[[Carlothentes]]* (Bown & Fleagle, 1993)
******†*[[Carlothentes chubutensis]]* (Bown & Fleagle, 1993)
*****Ġeneru †*[[Palaeothentes]]* (Ameghino, 1887) 
******†*[[Palaeothentes aratae]]*				
******†*[[Palaeothentes intermedius]]*				
******†*[[Palaeothentes lemoinei]]*
******†*[[Palaeothentes marshalli]]*
******†*[[Palaeothentes migueli]]*	
******†*[[Palaeothentes minutus]]*				
******†*[[Palaeothentes pascuali]]*				
******†*[[Palaeothentes primus]]*				
*****Ġeneru †*[[Pilchenia]]* (Ameghino, 1903)
******†*[[Pilchenia lucina]]* (Ameghino, 1903)
*****Ġeneru †*[[Propalaeothentes]]* (Bown & Fleagle, 1993)
******†*[[Propalaeothentes hatcheri]]*				
******†*[[Propalaeothentes lepidus]]*				
*****Ġeneru †*[[Titanothentes]]* (Bown & Fleagle & Rae, 1996)
******†*[[Titanothentes simpsoni]]* (Bown & Fleagle & Rae, 1996)
***Familja †Abderitidae (Ameghino, 1889)
****Ġeneru †*[[Pitheculites]]* (Ameghino, 1902)
*****†*[[Pitheculites chenche]]* (Dumont & Bown 1997)
*****†*[[Pitheculites minimus]]* (Ameghino, 1902)
*****†*[[Pitheculites rothi]]* (Marshall 1990)
****Ġeneru †*[[Abderites]]* (Ameghino, 1887)
*****†*[[Abderites meridionalis]]* (Ameghino, 1887)
*****†*[[Abderites pristinus]]* (Marshall, 1976)
**Sottordni †Polydolopimorphia (Marshall et al., 1990)
***Infrordni Incertae sedis				
****Familja †Protodidelphidae		
*****Ġeneru †*[[Bobbschaefferia]]* (Paula Couto, 1970)
******†*[[Bobbschaefferia fluminensis]]* (Paula Couto, 1970)
*****Ġeneru †*[[Carolocoutoia]]* (Candela & Goin & Olivier, 1998)
******†*[[Carolocoutoia ferigoloi]]* (Candela & Goin & Olivier, 1998)
*****Ġeneru †*[[Guggenheimia]]* (Paula Couto, 1952)
******†*[[Guggenheimia brasiliensis]]* (Paula Couto, 1952)
*****Ġeneru †*[[Protodidelphis]]* (Paula Couto, 1952)
******†*[[Protodidelphis vanzolinii]]* (Paula Couto, 1952)
*****Ġeneru †*[[Reigia]]* (Pascual, 1983)
******†*[[Reigia punae]]* (Pascual, 1983)
*****Ġeneru †*[[Zeusdelphys]]* (Marshall, 1982)
******†*[[Zeusdelphys complicatus]]* (Marshall, 1982)
***Infrordni †Polydolopoidea (Ameghino, 1897)
****Familja Incertae sedis				
*****Ġeneru †*[[Palangania]]* (Bond & Candela & Escribano & Goin & Pascual, 1998)
******†*[[Palangania brandmayri]]* (Bond & Candela & Escribano & Goin & Pascual, 1998)
****Familja †Sillustaniidae				
*****Ġeneru †*[[Sillustania]]* (Crochet & Sigé, 1996)
******†*[[Sillustania quechuense]]* (Crochet & Sigé, 1996)
****Familja †Bonapartheriidae
*****Ġeneru †*[[Bonapartherium]]* (Pascual, 1980)
******†*[[Bonapartherium hinakusijum]]* (Pascual, 1980)
******†*[[Bonapartherium serrensis]]* (Goin, Candela & Lopez 1998) 
****Familja †Prepidolopidae			
*****Ġeneru †*[[Prepidolops]]* (Pascual, 1980)
******†*[[Prepidolops alonsoi]]* (Pascual, 1983)
******†*[[Prepidolops didelphoides]]* (Pascual, 1986)
******†*[[Prepidolops molinai]]* (Pascual, 1981)
*****Ġeneru †*[[Rosendolops]]* (Candela & Goin, 1996)
******†*[[Rosendolops primigenium]]* (Candela & Goin, 1996)
*****Ġeneru †*[[Seumandia]]* (Simpson, 1935)
******†*[[Seumandia yapa]]* (Simpson, 1935)
****Familja †Polydolopidae (Ameghino, 1897)
*****Sottofamilja †Parabderitinae (Marshall, 1980)
******Ġeneru †*[[Parabderites]]* (Ameghino, 1902)
*******†*[[Parabderites bicrispatus]]*
*******†*[[Parabderites minusculus]]* (Ameghino, 1902)
*******†*[[Parabderites trisulcatus]]*
*****Sottofamilja †Polydolopinae (Ameghino, 1897)
******Ġeneru †*[[Amphidolops]]* (Ameghino, 1902)
*******†*[[Amphidolops serrula]]* (Ameghino, 1902)
*******†*[[Amphidolops yapa]]* (Simpson, 1935)
******Ġeneru †*[[Antarctodolops]]*				
*******†*[[Antarctodolops dailyi]]*				
******Ġeneru †*[[Epidolops]]* (Paula Couto, 1952)
*******†*[[Epidolops ameghinoi]]* (Paula Couto, 1952)	
******Ġeneru †*[[Eudolops]]* (Ameghino, 1902)
*******†*[[Eudolops hernandezi]]*				
*******†*[[Eudolops tetragonus]]*				
******Ġeneru †*[[Eurydolops]]* (Case & Chaney & Woodburne, 1988)
*******†*[[Eurydolops seymourensis]]* (Case & Chaney & Woodburne, 1988)
******Ġeneru †*[[Polydolops]]* (Ameghino, 1897)
*******†*[[Polydolops abanicoi]]* (Flynn & Wiss, 1999)
*******†*[[Polydolops clavulus]]*
*******†*[[Polydolops dailyi]]* (Woodburne & Zinsmeister, 1984)
*******†*[[Polydolops kamektsen]]* (Simpson, 1935)
*******†*[[Polydolops mayoi]]*		
*******†*[[Polydolops mckennai]]* (Flynn & Wiss, 2004)
*******†*[[Polydolops rothi]]* Simpson, 1935)
*******†*[[Polydolops serra]]*			
*******†*[[Polydolops thomasi]]* (Ameghino, 1897)
*******†*[[Polydolops winecage]]* (Simpson, 1935)
******Ġeneru †*[[Pseudolops]]* (Ameghino, 1902)
*******†*[[Pseudolops princeps]]* (Ameghino, 1902)
******Ġeneru †*[[Roberthoffstetteria]]* (Marshall & De Muizon & Sigé, 1983)
*******†*[[Roberthoffstetteria nationalgeographica]]* (Marshall & De Muizon & Sigé, 1983)
***Infrordni †Simpsonitheria				
****Superfamilja †Argyrolagoidea				
*****Familja †Gashterniidae
******Ġeneru †*[[Gashternia]]* (Simpson, 1935)
*******†*[[Gashternia ctalehor]]* (Simpson, 1935)
*****Familja †Argyrolagidae				
******Ġeneru †*[[Argyrolagus]]* (Ameghino, 1904)
*******†*[[Argyrolagus palmeri]]*				
*******†*[[Argyrolagus parodii]]*				
*******†*[[Argyrolagus scagliai]]*				
******Ġeneru †*[[Hondalagus]]* (Marshall & Villaroel, 1988)
*******†*[[Hondalagus altiplanensis]]* (Marshall & Villaroel, 1988)
******Ġeneru †*[[Microtragulus]]*	(Ameghino, 1904)
*******†*[[Microtragulus argentinus]]*				
*******†*[[Microtragulus bolivianus]]*				
*******†*[[Microtragulus catamarcensis]]*
*******†*[[Microtragulus reigi]]*
*****Ġeneru †*[[Proargyrolagus]]* (Wolff, 1984)
******†*[[Proargyrolagus bolivianus]]* (Wolff, 1984)
*****Familja †Groeberiidae				
******Sottofamilja †Groeberiinae				
*******Ġeneru †*[[Groeberia]]* (Patterson, 1952)
********†*[[Groeberia minoprioi]]* (Patterson, 1952)
********†*[[Groeberia pattersoni]]* (Simpson, 1970)
******Sottofamilja †Patagoniinae				
*******Ġeneru †*[[Patagonia]]* (Charlini & Pascual, 1987)  
********†*[[Patagonia peregrina]]* (Charlini & Pascual, 1987)
*******Ġeneru †*[[Klohnia]]* (Flynn & Wyss, 1999)
********†*[[Klohnia charrieri]]* (Flynn & Wyss, 1999)
****Superfamilja †Caroloameghinioidea
*****Familja †Glasbiidae				
******Ġeneru †*[[Glasbius]]* (Clemens, 1966)
*******†*[[Glasbius intricatus]]* (Clemens, 1966)
*******†*[[Glasbius twitchelli]]* (Archibald, 1982)
*****Familja †Caroloameghiniidae				
******Ġeneru †*[[Caroloameghinia]]* (Ameghino, 1901)
*******†*[[Caroloameghinia tenuis]]* (Ameghino, 1901)
******Ġeneru †*[[Chulpasia]]* (Crochet & Sigé, 1993)
*******†*[[Chulpasia mattaueri]]* (Crochet & Sigé, 1993)
******Ġeneru †*[[Procaroloameghinia]]* (Marshall, 1982)
*******†*[[Procaroloameghinia pricei]]* (Marshall, 1982)
******Ġeneru †*[[Robertbutleria]]* (Marshall, 1987)
*******†*[[Robertbutleria mastodontoidea]]* (Marshall, 1987)

† jindika estinzjoni

## Ara ukoll
*Opossum bugeddum
*Metatheria
*Ameridelphia
*Didelphimorphia

## Referenzi
*Aplin, K. P., and M. Archer. 1987. Recent advances in marsupial systematics with a new syncretic classification. Pp. xv-lxxii in Archer, M. (ed.), Possums and Opossums: Studies in Evolution, Vol. I. Surrey Beatty and Sons PTY Limited, Chipping Norton. lxxii+400 pp.
*Carroll, R. L. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. W. H. Freeman and Co., New York. xiv + 698 pp.
*Feldhamer, G. A., L. C. Drickamer, S. H. Vessey, and J. F. Merritt. 1999. Mammalogy. Adaptation, Diversity, and Ecology. WCB McGraw-Hill, Boston. xii+563pp.
*Gardner, Alfred (November 16, 2005). Wilson, D. E., and Reeder, D. M. (eds) Mammal Species of the World, 3rd edition, Johns Hopkins University Press, 19-20. ISBN 0-801-88221-4
*Marshall, L. G. 1984. Monotremes and marsupials. Pp 59-115 in Anderson, S. and J. Knox Jones, eds, Orders and Families of Recent Mammals of the World. John Wiley and Sons, NY. xii+686 pp.
*Vaughan, T. A. 1986. Mammalogy. Third Edition. Saunders College Publishing, Fort Worth. vi+576 pp.
*Vaughan, T. A., J. M. Ryan, N. J. Czaplewski. 2000. Mammalogy. Fourth Edition. Saunders College Publishing, Philadelphia. vii+565pp.
*Wilson, D. E., and D. M. Reeder. 1993. Mammal Species of the World, A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 2nd edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington. xviii+1206 pp.

## Ħoloq/Linkijiet Esterni
*The Paleobiology Database.
*Tassonomija tal-Mammiferi.