James D. Watson

**James Dewey Watson** (6 April 1928 - 6 November 2025) merupakan seorang ahli biologi molekuler, genetik dan zoologi dari Amerika Syarikat yang terbaik dikenali sebagai salah satu penemu bersama struktur DNA pada tahun 1953 dengan Francis Crick dan Rosalind Franklin. Watson, Crick, dan Maurice Wilkins telah dianugerai Hadiah Nobel dalam Fisiologi atau Perubatan "untuk penemuan mereka berkaitan dengan struktur molekul asid nukleik dan kepentingannya terhadap pemindahan maklumat dalam bahan hidup".

Beliau turut terlibat mengasas Projek Genom Manusia bersama Institut-Institut Kesihatan Negara Amerika Syarikat antara tahun 1988 hingga 1992.

## Anugerah dan kehormatan
Watson telah memenangi banyak anugerah termasuk:

* Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research, 1960
* Benjamin Franklin Medal for Distinguished Achievement in the Sciences (2001)
* Charles A. Dana Award, 1994
* Copley Medal of the Royal Society, 1993
* CSHL Double Helix Medal Honoree, 2008
* Eli Lilly Award in Biological Chemistry, 1960
* EMBO Membership in 1985
* Fellow of the New York Academy of Sciences
* Gairdner Foundation International Award, 2002
* Heald Award
* Honorary Fellow, the Hastings Center, an independent bioethics research institution
* Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE), 2002
* Hope Funds for Cancer Research: James D. Watson Award of Excellence for Scientific Achievement (2014)
* Irish America Hall of Fame, inducted March 2011
* John Collins Warren Prize of the Massachusetts General Hospital
* John J. Carty Award in molecular biology from the National Academy of Sciences
* Kaul Foundation Award for Excellence
* Pingat Liberty, 2000
* Pingat Emas Lomonosov, 1994
* Lotos Club Medal of Merit, 2004
* Mendel Medal, 2008
* National Biotechnology Venture Award
* National Medal of Science, 1997
* New York Academy of Medicine Award, 1999
* Hadiah Nobel dalam Fisiologi atau Perubatan, 1962
* Pingat Emas Othmer (2005)
* Pingat Kebebasan Presiden, 1977
* Research Corporation Prize
* Pingat Alumni Universiti Chicago 1998
* Hadiah Kolej Universiti London  2000
* University Medal at SUNY Stony Brook

### Ijazah kehormat yang diterima

* DSc, University of Chicago, A.S, 1961
* DSc, Indiana University, A.S, 1963
* LLD, University of Notre Dame, A.S, 1965
* DSc, Long Island University (CW Post), A.S, 1970
* DSc, Adelphi University, A.S, 1972
* DSc, Brandeis University, A.S, 1973
* DSc, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, A.S, 1974
* DSc, Hofstra University, A.S, 1976
* DSc, Harvard University, A.S, 1978
* DSc, Rockefeller University, A.S, 1980
* DSc, Clarkson College of Technology, A.S, 1981
* DSc, SUNY at Farmingdale, A.S, 1983
* MD, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1986
* DSc, Rutgers University, A.S, 1988
* DSc, Bard College, A.S, 1991
* DSc, University of Stellenbosch, Afrika Selatan, 1993
* DSc, Fairfield University, A.S, 1993
* DSc, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom, 1993
* DrHC, Charles University in Prague, Republik Czech, 1998
* ScD, University of Dublin, Ireland, 2001

## Rujukan

## Bacaan lanjut

* Chadarevian, S. (2002) *Designs For Life: Molecular Biology After World War II*. Cambridge University Press 0-521-57078-6
* Chargaff, E. (1978) *Heraclitean Fire*. New York: Rockefeller Press.
* Chomet, S., ed., (1994) *D.N.A.: Genesis of a Discovery* London: Newman-Hemisphere Press.
* Collins, Francis. (2004) *Coming to Peace With Science: Bridging the Worlds Between Faith and Biology*. InterVarsity Press. 978-0-8308-2742-8
* Collins, Francis. (2007) *The Language of God: A Scientist Presents Evidence for Belief* Free Press. 978-1-4165-4274-2
* Crick, F. H. C. (1988) *What Mad Pursuit: A Personal View of Scientific Discovery* (Basic Books reprint edition, 1990) 0-465-09138-5
* John Finch; 'A Nobel Fellow On Every Floor', Medical Research Council 2008, 381 pp, 978-1-84046-940-0; this book is all about the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge.
* Friedberg, E.C.; "Sydney Brenner: A Biography", CSHL Press October 2010, 0-87969-947-7.
* Friedburg, E. C. (2005) *"The Writing Life of James D. Watson".* "Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press" 0-87969-700-8
* Hunter, G. (2004) *Light Is A Messenger: the life and science of William Lawrence Bragg*. Oxford University Press. 0-19-852921-X
* Inglis, J., Sambrook, J. & Witkowski, J. A. (eds.) *Inspiring Science: Jim Watson and the Age of DNA.* Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. 2003. 978-0-87969-698-6.
* Judson, H. F. (1996). *The Eighth Day of Creation: Makers of the Revolution in Biology, Expanded edition.* Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. 0-87969-478-5
* Maddox, B. (2003). *Rosalind Franklin: The Dark Lady of DNA.* Harper Perennial. 0-06-098508-9
* McEleheny, Victor K. (2003) *Watson and DNA: Making a scientific revolution*, Perseus. 0-7382-0341-6
* Robert Olby; 1974 *The Path to The Double Helix: Discovery of DNA*. London: MacMillan. 0-486-68117-3; Definitive DNA textbook, with foreword by Francis Crick, revised in 1994 with a 9-page postscript.
* Robert Olby; (2003) "Quiet debut for the double helix" *Nature* **421** (January 23): 402-405.
* Robert Olby; "Francis Crick: Hunter of Life's Secrets", Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 978-0-87969-798-3, August 2009.
* Ridley, M. (2006) *Francis Crick: Discoverer of the Genetic Code (Eminent Lives)* New York: Harper Collins. 0-06-082333-X.
* James D. Watson, "The Annotated and Illustrated Double Helix, edited by Alexander Gann and Jan Witkowski" (2012) Simon & Schuster, 978-1-4767-1549-0.
* Wilkins, M. (2003) *The Third Man of the Double Helix: The Autobiography of Maurice Wilkins*. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 0-19-860665-6.
* *The History of the University of Cambridge: Volume 4* (1870 to 1990), Cambridge University Press, 1992.

## Pautan luar

* James D. Watson Collection at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Library
* DNA – The Double Helix Game from Nobelprize.org
* MSN Encarta biography(  2009-10-31)
* DNA Interactive – This site from the Dolan DNA Learning Center (part of CSHL) commemorates the discovery of the structure of DNA and includes dozens of animations, as well as interviews with James Watson and others.
* DNA from the Beginning – another DNA Learning Center site on the basics of DNA, genes, and heredity, from Mendel to the Human Genome Project.
* C-SPAN
* *Charlie Rose*
* TED
* 
* 
* 
** A Revolution at 50, February 25, 2003