Abwehr

***Abwehr*** (, "Pertahanan") adalah sebuah organisasi perisikan tentera Jerman yang wujud dari tahun 1920 hingga 1945. Walaupun hakikatnya Persetiaan Versailles melarang pihak Jerman daripada mewujudkan sebuah organisasi perisikan mereka sendiri, namun mereka membentuk satu kumpulan pengintipan pada tahun 1920 dalam kementerian pertahanan mereka, yang digelar *Abwehr*. Tujuan awal *Abwehr* ialah mempertahankan negara daripada pengintipan asing - satu peranan  organisasi yang kemudiannya berkembang dengan pesat. Untuk tujuan ini, pihak *Abwehr* mengumpul maklumat dari dalam dan luar negeri, sebahagian besar dalam bentuk risikan manusia. Dibawah Jeneral Kurt von Schleicher unit-unit risikan tentera individu telah digabungkan dan pada tahun 1929, diletakkan dibawah Kementerian Pertahanannya, membentuk asas penubuhan *Abwehr*. Setiap stesen *Abwehr* diseluruh Jerman telah ditempatkan di daerah-daerah tentera dan lebih banyak pejabat dibuka di negara-negara berkecuali dan di wilayah-wilayah taklukan sejajar dengan perluasan Reich yang lebih besar. Apabila Adolf Hitler menggantikan Kementerian Perang dengan OKW dan menjadikan organisasi itu sebahagian daripada "staf kerja" peribadi Führer pada Jun 1938, *Abwehr* telah menjadi agensi perisikannya dan Laksamana Madya Wilhelm Canaris telah dilantik sebagai ketua organisasi itu. Ibupejabat (HQ) Abwehr terletak di 76/78 Tirpitzufer, Berlin, bersebelahan dengan pejabat  OKW.

## Lihat juga
* Plot 20 Julai
* Dietrich Bonhoeffer
* Eddie Chapman, a prominent British double agent who infiltrated the Abwehr and fed intelligence to MI5 during World War II. He was so trusted by the Germans that he is the only British citizen to ever have been awarded the Iron Cross.
* German Resistance
* Hermann Giskes—Leading light in the Abwehr *[[Englandspiel]]* operation in the Netherlands
* Irish Republican Army-Abwehr Collaboration
* Operation Salaam, a long-range mission into British-held Egypt during World War II
* Oskar Schindler, ejen lain Abwehr
* Hans Oster, timbalan Canaris

Grams, Grant W.: “Enemies within our bosom, Nazi Sabotage in Canada”, in John Ferris, Jim Keeley, Terry Terriff (eds.) Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, 2012.

## Nota dan rujukan

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## Pautan luar
* German Espionage and Sabotage Against the USA in WW2  at ibiblio.org. Includes details on structure of Abwehr.
* Gross, Kuno, Michael Rolke & András Zboray, Operation SALAM - László Almásy’s most daring Mission in the Desert War, Belleville, München, 2013