Rallidae

**Rails** atau **Rallidae** adalah satu keluarga burung bersaiz kecil-ke-sederhana, yang hidup di atas tanah. Keluarga ini dianggap mempunyai kepelbagaian bio yang terdiri  dari spesies **sintar**, **pangling**, dan **gallinules**. Kebanyakan spesies berkait rapat dengan kawasan berair. Bagaimanapun, keluarga ini boleh ditemui hampir di semua habitat daratan kecuali padang pasir kering, kutub dan pergunungan di atas garis salji. Ahli-ahli dalam Rallidae hidup di semua benua kecuali Antarctika. Pelbagai spesies kepulauan diketahui. Habitat rail yang paling biasa adalah kawasan paya dan hutan tebal.

## Rujukan

## Bacaan lanjut
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* BirdLife International (BLI) (2007): Wake Island Rail BirdLife Species Factsheet. Retrieved 2007-07-04.
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* Gál, Erika; Hír, János; Kessler, Eugén & Kókay, József (1998–99): Középsõ-miocén õsmaradványok, a Mátraszõlõs, Rákóczi-kápolna alatti útbevágásból. I. A Mátraszõlõs 1. lelõhely [Middle Miocene fossils from the sections at the Rákóczi chapel at Mátraszőlős. Locality Mátraszõlõs I.]. *Folia Historico Naturalia Musei Matraensis* **23**: 33–78. [Hungarian with English abstract] PDF fulltext
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* Horsfall, Joseph A. & Robinson, Robert (2003): Rails. *In:* Perrins, Christopher (ed.): *Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds*. Firefly Books.
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*Livezey, B. (2003): Evolution of Flightlessness in Rails (Gruiformes: Rallidae): Phylogenetic, Ecomorphological, and Ontogenetic Perspectives. Ornithological Monographs No. 53. (Book)
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* McNab, B.K. & Ellis, H.I. (2006): Flightless rails endemic to islands have lower energy expenditures and clutch sizes than flighted rails on islands and continents. *Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A – Molecular & Integrative Physiology* **145**(3): 295–311. . . (HTML fulltext)
* Mlíkovský, Jirí (2002): *Cenozoic Birds of the World, Part 1: Europe*. Ninox Press, Prague.  PDF fulltext 
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* Olson, Storrs L. (1985): Section X.D.2.b. Scolopacidae. *In:* Farner, D.S.; King, J.R. & Parkes, Kenneth C. (eds.): *Avian Biology* **8**: 174–175. Academic Press, New York.
* Slikas, B.; Olson, Storrs L. & Fleischer, R.C. (2002): Rapid, independent evolution of flightlessness in four species of Pacific Island rails (Rallidae): an analysis based on mitochondrial sequence data. *[[Journal of Avian Biology|J. Avian Biol.]]* **33**(1): 5–14. . . (HTML fulltext)
* Steadman, David William (2006): *Extinction and Biogeography of Tropical Pacific Birds*. University of Chicago Press. .
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* Worthy, Trevor H.; Tennyson, A.J.D.; Jones, C.; McNamara, J.A. & Douglas, B.J. (2007): Miocene waterfowl and other birds from central Otago, New Zealand. *[[Journal of Systematic Palaeontology|J. Syst. Palaeontol.]]* **5**(1): 1–39.  (HTML abstract)

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