Gerakan konservasionisme

**Gerakan konservasisme**, yang juga dikenal sebagai **konservasisme alam**, adalah sebuah gerakan politik, lingkungan hidup dan sosial yang bertugas untuk melindungi sumber daya alam yang meliputi spesies hewan dan tumbuhan serta habitat mereka untuk masa depan.

Gerakan konservasi awal meliputi perikanan dan manajemen kehidupan liar, air, konservasi tanah dan kehutanan hayati.

## Bacaan tambahan

### Pembelajaran regional

#### Afrika
* Adams, Jonathan S.; McShane, Thomas O. *Myth of Wild Africa: Conservation without Illusion* (1992) 266p; covers 1900 to 1980s
* Anderson, David; Grove, Richard. *Conservation in Africa: People, Policies & Practice* (1988), 355pp
* Bolaane, Maitseo. "Chiefs, Hunters & Adventurers: The Foundation of the Okavango/Moremi National Park, Botswana". *Journal of Historical Geography.* 31.2 (Apr. 2005): 241-259.
* Carruthers, Jane. "Africa: Histories, Ecologies, and Societies," Environment and History, 10 (2004), pp.&nbsp;379–406;
* Showers, Kate B. *Imperial Gullies: Soil Erosion and Conservation in Lesotho* (2005) 346pp

#### Asia
* Economy, Elizabeth. *The River Runs Black: The Environmental Challenge to China's Future* (2010)
* Elvin, Mark. *The Retreat of the Elephants: An Environmental History of China* (2006)
* Grove, Richard H.; Damodaran, Vinita jain; Sangwan, Satpal. *Nature and the Orient: The Environmental History of South and Southeast Asia* (1998) 1036pp
* Johnson, Erik W., Saito, Yoshitaka, and Nishikido, Makoto. "Organizational Demography of Japanese Environmentalism," *Sociological Inquiry,* Nov 2009, Vol. 79 Issue 4, pp 481–504
* Thapar, Valmik. *Land of the Tiger: A Natural History of the Indian Subcontinent* (1998) 288pp

#### Amerika Latin
* Dean, Warren. With Broadax and Firebrand: The Destruction of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest* (1997)
* Funes Monzote, Reinaldo. *From Rainforest to Cane Field in Cuba: An Environmental History since 1492* (2008)
* Melville, Elinor G. K. *A Plague of Sheep: Environmental Consequences of the Conquest of Mexico* (2008)
* Miller, Shawn William. *An Environmental History of Latin America* (2007)
* Noss, Andrew and Imke Oetting. "Hunter Self-Monitoring by the Izoceño -Guarani in the Bolivian Chaco". *Biodiversity & Conservation*. 14.11 (2005): 2679-2693.
* Simonian, Lane. *Defending the Land of the Jaguar: A History of Conservation in Mexico* (1995) 326pp

==== Eropa dan Rusia ====
* [[Lorenzo Arnone Sipari|Arnone Sipari, Lorenzo]], *Scritti scelti di Erminio Sipari sul Parco Nazionale d'Abruzzo (1922-1933)* (2011), 360pp.
* Bonhomme, Brian. *Forests, Peasants and Revolutionaries: Forest Conservation & Organization in Soviet Russia, 1917-1929* (2005) 252pp.
* Cioc, Mark. *The Rhine: An Eco-Biography, 1815-2000* (2002).
* Simmons, I.G. *An Environmental History of Great Britain: From 10,000 Years Ago to the Present* (2001).
* Weiner, Douglas R. *Models of Nature: Ecology, Conservation and Cultural Revolution in Soviet Russia* (2000) 324pp; covers 1917 to 1939.

=== Amerika Syarikat ===
* Bates, J. Leonard. "Fulfilling American Democracy: The Conservation Movement, 1907 to 1921", *The Mississippi Valley Historical Review,* (1957), 44#1 pp.&nbsp;29–57. [http://www.jstor.org/pss/1898667 in JSTOR] 
* Brinkley, Douglas G. *The Wilderness Warrior: Theodore Roosevelt and the Crusade for America,* (2009) [http://www.amazon.com/dp/0060565314/ excerpt and text search] 
* Cawley, R. McGreggor. *Federal Land, Western Anger: The Sagebrush Rebellion and Environmental Politics* (1993), on conservatives
* Flippen, J. Brooks. *Nixon and the Environment* (2000).
* Hays, Samuel P. *Beauty, Health, and Permanence: Environmental Politics in the United States, 1955–1985* (1987), the standard scholarly history
** Hays, Samuel P. *A History of Environmental Politics since 1945* (2000), shorter standard history
* Hays, Samuel P. *Conservation and the Gospel of Efficiency* (1959), on Progressive Era.
* King, Judson. *The Conservation Fight, From Theodore Roosevelt to the Tennessee Valley Authority* (2009)
* Nash, Roderick. *Wilderness and the American Mind,* (3rd ed. 1982), the standard intellectual history
* 
* Rothmun, Hal K. *The Greening of a Nation? Environmentalism in the United States since 1945* (1998)
* Scheffer, Victor B. *The Shaping of Environmentalism in America* (1991).
* Sellers, Christopher. *Crabgrass Crucible: Suburban Nature and the Rise of Environmentalism in Twentieth-Century America* (2012)
* Strong, Douglas H. *Dreamers & Defenders: American Conservationists.* (1988) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=8516594 online edition] , good biographical studies of the major leaders
* Turner, James Morton, "The Specter of Environmentalism": Wilderness, Environmental Politics, and the Evolution of the New Right. *The Journal of American History* 96.1 (2009): 123-47 [http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/jah/96.1/turner.html online at History Cooperative] 

==== Dunia ====
* Barton, Gregory A. *Empire, Forestry and the Origins of Environmentalism,* (2002), covers British Empire
* Bolton, Geoffrey. *Spoils and Spoilers: Australians Make Their Environment, 1788-1980* (1981) 197pp
* Clover, Charles. *The End of the Line: How overfishing is changing the world and what we eat*. (2004) Ebury Press, London. ISBN 0-09-189780-7
Usa be lit sometimes

* Jones, Eric L. "The History of Natural Resource Exploitation in the Western World," *Research in Economic History,* 1991 Supplement 6, pp 235–252
* McNeill, John R. *Something New Under the Sun: An Environmental History of the Twentieth Century* (2000),

=== Historiografi ===
* Cioc, Mark, Björn-Ola Linnér, and Matt Osborn, "Environmental History Writing in Northern Europe," *Environmental History,* 5 (2000), pp.&nbsp;396–406
* Bess, Michael, Mark Cioc, and James Sievert, "Environmental History Writing in Southern Europe," *Environmental History,* 5 (2000), pp.&nbsp;545–56;
* Coates, Peter. "Emerging from the Wilderness (or, from Redwoods to Bananas): Recent Environmental History in the United States and the Rest of the Americas," Environment and History, 10 (2004), pp.&nbsp;407–38
* Hay, Peter. *Main Currents in Western Environmental Thought* (2002), standard scholarly history [http://www.amazon.com/dp/0253215110/ excerpt and text search] 
* McNeill, John R. "Observations on the Nature and Culture of Environmental History," *History and Theory,* 42 (2003), pp.&nbsp;5–43.
* Robin, Libby, and Tom Griffiths, "Environmental History in Australasia," *Environment and History,* 10 (2004), pp.&nbsp;439–74
* Worster, Donald, ed. *The Ends of the Earth: Perspectives on Modern Environmental History* (1988)

== Pautan luar ==
* [http://www.teara.govt.nz/TheBush/Conservation/ConservationAHistory/en A history of conservation in New Zealand] 
* [http://nfb.ca/film/For_Future_Generations/ *For Future Generations'', a Canadian documentary on conservation and national parks]