Seratus Hari

**Seratus Hari**, kadang kala dikenali sebagai **Seratus Hari bagi Napoleon** atau **Seratus Hari Napoleon** menandakan satu tempoh di antara kepulangan Maharaja Napoleon I dari Perancis dari buangan di Elba ke Paris pada 20 Mac, 1815 dan pengembalian semula Raja Louis XVIII buat kali kedua pada 8 Julai, 1815 (tempoh selama 111 hari). Tempoh ini berlakunya **Perang Campuran Ketujuh**, dan termasuk **Kempen Waterloo** dan Perang Neapolit. Frasa *les Cent Jours* telah pertama kali digunakan oleh pengawas dari Paris, Gaspard, comte de Chabrol, dalam ucapan selamat datang kepada Raja.

Napoleon pulang sewaktu Kongres Vienna sedang bersidang. Pada 13 Mac, tujuh hari sebelum Napoleon tiba di Paris, kuasa-kuasa di Kongres Vienna mengistiharkan beliau seorang penjenayah; empat hari kemudian United Kingdom, Rusia, Austria dan Prusia, ahli-ahli dalam Campuran Ketujuh, berjanji akan menyumbangkan 150,000 tentera dari setiap negara ke medan perang bagi menamatkan pemerintahan beliau. Kejadian ini menjadi pentas untuk konflik terakhir dalam Perang Napoleon, iaitu kekalahan Napoleon dalam Pertempuran Waterloo, pengembalian semula keberajaan Perancis untuk kali kedua dan pembuangan kekal Napoleon ke pulau yang jauh di Saint Helena, di mana beliau meninggal dunia pada bulan Mei 1821.

## Nota

## Rujukan
*

*Barbero, Alessandro. *The Battle:A New History of Waterloo*, Walker & Company, 2006 ISBN  0-8027-1453-6
*Baines, Edward , *History of the Wars of the French Revolution, from the breaking out of the wars in 1792, to, the restoration of general peace in 1815*, volume II (of II), Longman, Rees, Orme and Brown, 1818
*Bowden, Scott, *Armies at Waterloo: A Detailed Analysis of the Armies That Fought History's Greatest Battle*, Empire Games Press, 1983 ISBN 0-913037-02-8
*Chandler, David.  *The Campaigns of Napoleon*, New York: Macmillan, 1966
*Chandler, David (1981). *Waterloo: The Hundred Days*, Osprey Publishing (original edition 1980)
*Chandler, David (1999). *Dictionary of the Napoleonic wars*. Wordsworth editions, 1999. 
*Chalfont, Lord et al., *Waterloo: Battle of Three Armies*, Sidgwick and Jackson, 1979
*Chapuisat, Edouard, *Der Weg zur Neutralitat und Unabhangigfeit 1814 und 1815*, 1921
*Chartrand, Rene, *British Forces in North America 1793-1815*, Osprey Publishing, 1998
*Chesney, Charles Cornwallis, *Waterloo Lectures: A Study Of The Campaign Of 1815*, Longmans Green and Co., London, 1869 ISBN 1-4286-4988-3
*Glover, Michael, *Wellington as Military Commander*, Sphere Books, London, 1973
*Gurwood, Lt. Colonel, *The Dispatches of Field Marshal the Duke of Wellington*, Volume 12, 1838
*Hamilton-Williams, David, *Waterloo New Perspectives: The Great Battle Reappraised*, Wiley, 1996 ISBN 0-471-05225-6
* 
*Hofschroer, Peter, *1815 The Waterloo Campaign (Vol.1): Wellington, his German Allies and the Battles of Ligny and Quatre Bras*, Greenhill Books, 2006
*Houssaye, Henri, *Napoleon and the Campaign of 1815:Waterloo*, Naval & Military Press Ltd, 2005
*Longford, Elizabeth (1971), *Wellington: the Years of the Sword*, Panther
*Plotho, Carl von, *Der Krieg des verbündeten Europa gegen Frankreich im Jahre 1815*, Bei Karl Freidrich Umelang, Berlin, 1818 http://books.google.com.au/books?id=rWsIAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover#PPP3,M1
*Ramm, Agatha (1984). *Europe in the Nineteenth Century*, Longman, London
*Schom, Alan, *One Hundred Days: Napoleon's Road to Waterloo*, 1992
*Siborne, William.  *The Waterloo Campaign, 1815*. Fourth Edition (1894), Birmingham, 34 Wheeleys Road
*Siborne, William. ''History of the War in France and Belgium, in 1815''. Adamant Media Corporation. ISBN 1-4021-7153-6.
*Smith, Digby, *The Greenhill Napoleonic Wars Data Book*, 1998
*Sorensen, Carl. *Kampen om Norge i Aarene 1813 og 1814*. Volume II. Kjobenhavn: 1871.
*Uffindell, Andrew. *Great Generals of the Napoleonic Wars*.
*Vaudoncourt, William, *Histoire des Campagnes de 1814 et 1815 en France*, Tome II, 1826
*Wellesley, Arthur, 2nd Duke of Wellington, (1862 ed.). *Supplementary Despatches, Correspondence and Memoranda of [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Field Marshal the Duke of Wellington]]*, Tenth Volume, United Services, John Murray, London.
*Zamoyski, Adam, *Rites of Peace: The Fall of Napoleon and the Congress of Vienna*, Harper Collins 2007.
*Zins, Ronald, *1815: L'armee des Alpes et Les Cent-Jours a Lyon*, 2003

## Bacaan lanjut
*Alexander, Robert S. _Bonapartism and Revolutionary Tradition in France: The Federes of 1815. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. 
*Cordingly, David, *The Billy Ruffian: The Bellerophon and the Downfall of Napoleon*, Bloomsbury, 2003 ISBN 1-58234-468-X
*Hofschroer, Peter, *1815: The Waterloo Campaign (Vol.2): The German victory, from Waterloo to the fall of Napoleon*, Greenhill Books, 1999 ISBN 1-85367-368-4
*LeGallo, Emile. Les Cent-Jours. Paris: Felix Alcan, 1924.
*Mackenzie, Norman. The Escape from Elba. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984.
*Tulard, Jean. Les Vingts Jours. Paris: Fayard, 2001.
*Waresquiel, Emmanuel de. Les Cent-Jours. Paris: Fayard, 2008.