Falsafah sejarah

**Falsafah sejarah** ialah kajian falsafah sejarah dan masa lalu. Istilah ini dicipta oleh Voltaire. 

## Jenis
Dalam falsafah kontemporari, perbezaan antara falsafah kritikal sejarah (juga dikenali sebagai analitik) dan falsafah spekulatif sejarah. Nama-nama jenis ini diperolehi daripada perbezaan CD Broad di antara falsafah kritikal dan falsafah spekulatif. 

Bekas kajian masa lalu sendiri sedangkan yang terakhir adalah sama dengan apa falsafah sains adalah untuk alam semula jadi. 

Walaupun terdapat beberapa pertindihan antara kedua-dua aspek, mereka biasanya boleh dibezakan; ahli sejarah profesional moden cenderung bersikap ragu-ragu terhadap falsafah spekulasi sejarah. 

Kadang-kadang falsafah sejarah yang kritikal termasuk di bawah historiografi. Falsafah sejarah tidak boleh dikelirukan dengan sejarah falsafah, yang merupakan kajian perkembangan idea-idea falsafah dalam konteks sejarah mereka. 

## Rujukan

## Bacaan lanjut
* Berkhofer, Robert F. *Beyond the great story: history as text and discourse.* (Harvard University Press, 1995)
* Berlin, Isaiah. *Three critics of the Enlightenment: Vico, Hamann, Herder,* (2000)
* Rose, Elizabeta "The Philosophy of History" Writings of the Contemporary World (2011)
* Carr, Edward Hallett, "What is History?" (1961)
* Collingwood, R. G. *The idea of history.* (1946)
* Danto, Arthur Coleman. *Analytical philosophy of history* (1965)
* Doran, Robert. ed. *Philosophy of History After Hayden White.* London: Bloomsbury, 2013.
* Dilthey, Wilhelm. *Introduction to the human sciences* ed. by R. A. Makkreel and F. Rodi. (1883; 1989)
* Engels, David. ed. *Von Platon bis Fukuyama. Biologistische und zyklische Konzepte in der Geschichtsphilosophie der Antike und des Abendlandes*, Brussels: Latomus, 2015.
* Rickert, Heinrich, *Die Probleme der Geschichtsphilosophie. Eine Einführung, Tübingen 1924, new ed.: Celtis Verlag, Berlin 2013, 
* Gardiner, Patrick L. *The nature of historical explanation.* (1952)
* Gardiner, Patrick L. ed. *The philosophy of history, Oxford readings in philosophy.* (1974)
* Hewitson, Mark, *History and Causality* (Palgrave Macmillan, 2014)
* Lloyd, Christopher *The Structures of History* (Oxford: Blackwell, 1993)
* Mandelbaum, Maurice, *The Anatomy of Historical Knowledge* (Johns Hopkins, 1977)
*Mink, Louis O. "Narrative form as a cognitive instrument." in *The writing of history: Literary form and historical understanding,* Robert H. Canary and Henry Kozicki, eds. Madison, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1978.
*Ricoeur, Paul. *Time and Narrative,* Volume 1 and 2, University Of Chicago Press, 1990.
*Ricoeur, Paul. *History and Truth.* Translated by Kathleen McLaughlin and David Pellauer. Chicago and London: U of Chicago P, 1983.
*Jameson, Frederic. *The Political Unconscious: Narrative as a Socially Symbolic Act,* Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1981.
*Muller, Herbert J. *The Uses of the Past,* New York, New York: Oxford University Press, 1952.
* Walsh, W.H. *An Introduction to Philosophy of History.* 1951.
* White, Hayden V. *Metahistory: The Historical Imagination in Nineteenth-Century Europe.* (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973).
* White, Hayden V. *The Fiction of Narrative: Essays on History, Literature, and Theory, 1957-2007.* (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010). Ed. Robert Doran.
* Gisi, Lucas Marco: *Einbildungskraft und Mythologie. Die Verschränkung von Anthropologie und Geschichte im 18. Jahrhundert'', Berlin, New York: de Gruyter, 2007.

## Pautan luar

*An Introduction to the Philosophy of History by Paul Newall, aimed at beginners.
* Anthony K. Jensen, Philosophy of History, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
* Daniel Little, Philosophy of History, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
* IDENTITIES: How Governed, Who Pays?
*The Explanation of Action in History by Constantine Sandis, Essays in Philosophy, Vol. 7, No. 2, June 2006.
*Web Portal on Philosophy of History, Historiography and Historical Culture
*
*The International Network for Theory of History
*We are history: the outlines of a quasi-substantive philosophy of history Zoltán Boldizsár Simon, Rethinking History, Vol. 20, No. 2, 2016