Amnesty International

***Amnesty International*** (AI) ialah sebuah badan pertubuhan bukan kerajaan sekular antarabangsa yang ditubuhkan dengan tujuan untuk mempromosikan seluruh hak asasi manusia yang terdapat dalam Perisytiharan Hak Asasi Manusia Sejagat dan piawai antarabangsa yang lain.

Pertubuhan ini diasaskan pada tahun 1961 oleh seorang peguam England bernama Peter Benenson, Amnesty International berasaskan kempen tawanan hati nurani (*prisoner of conscience*) untuk memastikan keadilan dunia dapat dikecapi selain mengadakan persidangan untuk tawanan politik; untuk menghapuskan hukuman mati, penyeksaan, dan perlakuan buli terhadap tahanan yang lain yang turut dianggapnya sebagai kejam; untuk menghilangkan pembunuhan politik dan kehilangan paksa; dan untuk menentang segala pelanggaran seluruh hak asasi manusia, baik oleh pemerintah atau oleh kumpulan yang lain.

## Rencana yang kritis terhadap AI
* Jonathan V. Last, Calling It Like They See It, FrontPageMagazine, 3 April 2003. Alleges AI has anti-American/Israel bias.
* Christopher Archangelli, Amnesty for Iraq, FrontPageMagazine, 24 April 2003. Alleges AI has anti-American bias regarding Iraq.
* NGO Monitor Criticisms of Amnesty International  – Points to a running list of criticism of various NGOs, AI in particular.
* Nabeel Abraham, et al.; International Human Rights Organizations and the Palestine Question, Middle East Report (MERIP), Vol. 18, No. 1, Jan.-Feb. 1988, pp. 12 – 20. Argues that several organizations, including AI, are biased against Palestinians. 
* Nabeel Abraham, Torture, Anyone?, *Lies of Our Times*, Mei 1992, pp. 2 – 4. Claims AI and other groups are reticent in describing alleged torture on the part of Israel.
* Dennis Bernstein's interview with Prof. Francis Boyle, *CAQ*, msuim panas 2002. Boyle, a former AI-USA board member, threatened to sue AI-USA over its alleged biased coverage.  
* Alexander Cockburn, How the US State Dept. Recruited Human Rights Groups to Cheer On the Bombing Raids: Those Incubator Babies, Once More? , CounterPunch newsletter, 1-15 April 1999. Alleges several human rights organizations "fell into line" regarding the bombing of Serbia. 
* Michael Mandel, *How America Gets Away With Murder: Illegal Wars, Collateral Damage and Crimes Against Humanity*, Pluto Press 2004. Alleges AI is selective in defending "human rights", in particular, regarding the US-Iraq war 2003, and the War in the Balkans. 
* Paul de Rooij, AI: Say It Isn't So, CounterPunch, 31 Oktober 2002. 
* Paul de Rooij, AI: The Case of a Rape Foretold, CounterPunch, 26 November 2003. 
* Paul de Rooij, AI: A false beacon?, CounterPunch, 13 Oktober 2004. Contains a reading list.
* American Gulag at National Review Online.http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/rivkin_casey200505270804.asp

## Rujukan

## Pautan luar

* Laman web rasmi Amnesty International
* Peter Benenson: *[http://www.webalice.it/enricomaria.boschetti/Files_ChiSiamo/observer.html The Forgotten Prisoners] * *The Observer*, 28 Mei 1961
* William Schulz, Security Is a Human Right, Too , *New York Times*, 18 April 2004.
* AI's 2004 annual report on human rights abuses (Ringkasan http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,3604,1225027,00.html)
* AI's 2005 annual report on human rights abuses