Ketiadanegaraan

**Ketiadanegaraan** () adalah istilah undang-undang merujuk kepada keadaan di mana seseorang individu hilang status kewarganegaraan sendiri mahupun tiada hubungan pengakuan antara diri dan suatu negara, lalu individu tersebut boleh dianggap "**t**[**id**]**ak bernegara**" (*stateless*).

Terdapat dua jenis yang terangkum dalam keadaan sebegini:
* **Ketiadanegaraan secara [[de jure]] (''de jure statelessness'')** - terkadang merujuk kepada orang yang "tidak dianggap sebagai seorang warganegara oleh suatu negara di bawah pelaksanaan undang-undang tersebut".
* **Ketiadanegaraan secara [[de facto]] (''de facto statelessness'')** - orang yang berada di luar negara di mana kewarganegaraannya tidak jelas atau tidak mendapatkan perlindungan dari negara tersebut dengan sebab munasabah. Orang yang tak bernegara secara de facto dapat mengakibatkan penganiayaan atau berakibat pada retaknya hubungan diplomatik antara negara asalnya dan negara yang ditinggalkannya.

Beberapa orang yang tak bernegara secara *de jure* juga merupakan pelarian, meskipun tidak semua pencari suaka tidak bernegara secara *de jure* dan tidak semua orang yang tak bernegara secara *de jure* boleh dianggap sebagai pelarian; malah, ada juga orang yang dianggap tidak bernegara tidak pernah melintasi sempadan antarabangsa.

## Rujukan

## Bacaan tambahan
* Bronwen Manby, Struggles for Citizenship in Africa, 2009
* Laura Bingham, Julia Harrington-Reddy and Sebastian Kohn, De Jure Statelessness in the Real World: Applying the Prato Summary Conclusions, 2011
* Jay Milbrandt, Stateless, 2011
* Open Society Foundations and Refugees International, Without Citizenship: Statelessness, Discrimination, and Repression in Kuwait, 2011
* *[http://www.ipu.org/PDF/publications/nationality_en.pdf Nationality and Statelessness: a Handbook for Parliamentarians]*. High Commissioner for Refugees, Inter-Parliamentary Union, 2005
* Stateless Palestinians
* Report describing US contributions to the resettlement of stateless populations in 2007
* Brad K. Blitz and Maureen Lynch. "Statelessness and the Benefits of Citizenship: A Comparative Study ."
* Somers, Margaret. 2008. *Genealogies of Citizenship: Markets, Statelessness, and the Right to Have Rights*. Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-79394-0
* *[http://www.equalrightstrust.org/ertdocumentbank/UNRAVELLING%20ANOMALY%20small%20file.pdf Unravelling Anomaly. Detenation, Discrimination and the Protection Needs of the Stateless Persons]*. London: Equal Rights Trust, 2010. ISBN 978-0-9560717-3-6
* Stateless: The World's Most Invisible People. Reuters AlertNet, 2011

## Pautan luar

* Undang0-undang antarabangsa: perjanjian dan kes contoh dibincangkan
** Full Convention text of 1961 Convention
** Map showing State Parties to 1961 Convention
** Council of Europe Convention on Reduction of Statelessness in Relation to State Succession
** UN Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons (full text)
** International case law on statelessness
* Intergovernmental organizations:
** UNHCR page on prevention and reduction of statelessness and protection of stateless persons – background information, tools and news From UNHCR website
** UNHCR Map (21 August 2006) Stateless Persons and Populations at Risk of Statelessness (PDF)
* Sumber diberikan NGO berkaitan
** Statelessness on the website of the Open Society Foundations
** Statelessness on the website of Refugees International
** Website of the International Observatory on Statelessness a clearinghouse for NGOs, academics, advocacy groups and policy-makers working on issues of statelessness
** World Service Authority The World Service Authority issues World Passports mainly to refugees and stateless persons; refugees in camps are entitled to free World Passports
** Website of the Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion
** Website of the European Network on Statelessness
* Institusi akademik
** Website of the Statelessness Programme, an initiative of Tilburg Law School (Netherlands) dedicated to research, training and outreach on statelessness and related issues
* Negara-negara khusus
** British nationality – provisions for reducing statelessness
** United States IRS Form 8898 (Renouncing citizenship).
* Man without a nation - filem dokumentari mengenai topik ini