Claude Monet

**Claude Monet** (14&nbsp;November 1840 &ndash; 5 December 1926) ialah seorang pengasas lukisan Impresionisme Perancis. Beliau merupakan pengamal tekal falsafah meluahkan tanggapan pelukis tentang alam semula jadi, terutamanya dalam lukisan landskap luar (*plein-air*) pergerakan itu dan menghasilkan banyak karya dalam genre tersebut. Perkataan "Impressionism" merupakan terbitan daripada judul lukisannya, *[[Impression, Sunrise|Impression, soleil levant]]* ("Impression, terbit matahari").

## Paris dan Giverney

Pada tahun 1862 Monet menuntut di bawah Charles Gleyre di Paris, di mana beliau bertemu Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Frederic Bazille dan Alfred Sisley. Mereka bersama-sama berkongsi pendekatan baharu terhadap seni lukis, melukis kesan cahaya ("plein air") dengan warna berbintik dan coretan pantas, yang kemudiannya dikenali sebagai Impresionisme.

Pada tahun 1872, beliau melukis *[[Impression, Sunrise|Impression, soleil levant]]* ("Impression, terbit matahari" ) yang menggambarkan pemandangan pelabuhan Le Havre. Lukisan ini dipamerkan pada tahun 1874 dalam pameran lukisan Impresionis pertama. Pengkritik seni Louis Leroy membuat kata ciptaan *Impressionism* daripada tajuk lukisan Monet; Leroy mencipta perkatan tersebut untuk mencemuh gaya pelukis Impresionisme, akan tetapi perkataannya telah diambil oleh para Impresionis sebagai gelaran pergerakan seni mereka.

Monet gemar melukis pemandangan semula jadi terkawal: taman bunga miliknya di Giverny, dengan bunga telepok, tasik, dan jambatan. Beliau juga melukis tebing sungai Seine, dan menghasilkan lukisan seperti *Break-up of the ice on the Seine* ("Pencairan ais di sungai Seine"). Beliau menulis pesanan harian kepada tukang kebunnya, atur letak persisi bagi tanaman dan catatan berkaitan pembelian bunga serta himpunan buku-buku botani. Taman Monet berkembang seiring dengan kemewahannya dan beliau merupakan ahli seni landskap tamannya mahupun beliau menggaji tujuh orang taukang kebun.

## Galeri

### Lukisan awal


File:Monet, Claude - View At Rouelles, Le Havre (1858).jpg|*View At Rouelles, Le Havre* ("Pemandangan di Rouelles, Le Havre") 1858, Koleksi peribadi.
File:Claude Monet - Mouth of the Seine.jpg|Claude Monet - Mouth of the Seine, 1865, The Norton Simon Foundation, Pasadena, CA
Image:Claude Monet - Camille.JPG|*The Woman in the Green Dress,* (Camille Doncieux), 1866, Kunsthalle Bremen Bremen.
Image:Claude Monet - Le dejeuner sur l’herbe.JPG|*Le déjeuner sur l'herbe,* 1865–1866, The Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow.
Image:Claude Monet 007.jpg|*Flowering Garden at Sainte-Adresse,* 1866, Musée d'Orsay, Paris.
File:Claude Monet 024.jpg|*Women in a Garden,* 1866–1867, Musée d'Orsay, Paris.
Image:Claude Monet 022.jpg|*Woman in a Garden,* 1867, Hermitage, St. Petersburg
Image:Claude Monet - Jardin à Sainte-Adresse.jpg|*Jardin à Sainte-Adresse,* 1867, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City
File:The Luncheon by Claude Monet - Städel - Frankfurt am Main - Germany 2017.jpg|*The Luncheon,* 1868, Städel Museum, Frankfurt
File:Pheasant Claude Monet 1869.jpeg|*Pheasant*, 1869. Koleksi peribadi.
File:La Pie de Monet.jpg|*[[The Magpie (Monet)|The Magpie]]*, 1868–1869. Musée d'Orsay, Paris.
Image:Claude Monet 048.jpg|*Seine Basin with Argenteuil,* 1872, Musée d'Orsay, Paris.
File:Claude Monet - Springtime - Walters 3711.jpg|*Springtime* (1872). The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore.
Image:Claude Monet - Jean Monet on his Hobby Horse.jpg|*Jean Monet on his hobby horse,* 1872, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
File:WLA metmuseum Camille Monet on a Garden Bench by Claude Monet.jpg|*Camille Monet on a Garden Bench,* 1873, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
Image:Claude Monet - The Artist's House at Argenteuil.jpg|*The Artist's house at Argenteuil,* 1873, The Art Institute of Chicago
Image:Claude Monet 037.jpg|*Poppies Blooming,* 1873, Musée d'Orsay, Paris.
File:Claude Monet - Train in the Snow.jpg|*Train in the Snow,* 1875, Musée Marmottan Monet, Paris.
Image:Claude Monet-Madame Monet en costume japonais.jpg|*Madame Monet in a Japanese Costume,* 1875, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
Image:Claude Monet Camille au métier.jpg|*Camille Monet at her tapestry loom,* 1875, Barnes Foundation, Merion, PA
Image:Claude Monet - Argenteuil.jpg|*Argenteuil,* 1875, Musée de l'Orangerie, Paris.
File:Claude Monet Le bateau atelier.jpg|*The Boat Studio*, 1876, Barnes Foundation, Merion, Philadelphia.
Image:Claude Monet 003.jpg|*Saint Lazare Train Station, Paris,* 1877, The Art Institute of Chicago
Image:Monet-montorgueil.JPG|*Rue Montorgueil*, 1878, Musée d'Orsay, Paris.
Image:Vétheuil dans le brouillard.jpg|*Vétheuil in the Fog,* 1879, Musée Marmottan Monet, Paris.
Image:Claude Monet - Camille Monet sur son lit de mort.JPG|*Camille Monet on her deathbed,* 1879, Musée d'Orsay, Paris.
Image:Claude Monet 053.jpg|*Street in Vétheuil in Winter,* 1879, Gothenburg Museum of Art
Image:Monet, Lavacourt-Sunshine-and-Snow.jpg|*Lavacourt: Sunshine and Snow,* 1879–1880 National Gallery, London


### Lukisan terkemudian

Image:The Artist's Garden at Vétheuil.JPG|*The Artist's Garden at Vétheuil*, 1880, National Gallery of Art
File:Les Tilleuls à Poissy.png|*The Lindens of Poissy*, 1882
Image:Claude Monet 029.jpg|*La maison du pêcheur à Varengeville* (*The Fisherman's house at Varengeville*), 1882, Museum Boymans-van Beuningen, Rotterdam
File:Claude Monet - Rock Arch.jpg|Rock Arch West of Étretat (The Manneport), 1883, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Image:Claude Monet The Cliffs at Etretat.jpg|*The Cliffs at Etretat,* 1885, Clark Art Institute, Williamstown, Massachusetts
Image:Claude Monet 050.jpg|*Still-Life with Anemones,* 1885
File:Claude Monet - Bordighera.jpg|Claude Monet - Bordighera, 1884, The Art Institute of Chicago, Illinois
File:Claude Monet 023.jpg|*Study of a Figure Outdoors: Woman with a Parasol, facing left*, 1886. The pictured woman is Suzanne Hoschedé (c. 1864-1899), eldest daughter of Alice Hoschedé, second wife of Claude Monet, Musée d'Orsay.
Image:Claude Monet Pyramides Port Coton.jpg|*The Port Coton Pyramids,* 1886
File:Oat and Poppy Field Giverny.jpeg|*Oat and Poppy Field, Giverny*, 1890
Image:Claude Monet - Graystaks I.JPG|*[[Haystacks (Monet)|Haystacks, (sunset)]]*, 1890–1891, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
Image:Claude Monet - Poplars, Philadelphia.JPG|*[[Les_Peupliers|Poplars, (autumn)]]*, 1891, Philadelphia Museum of Art
Image:The four trees--Claude Monet--1891--oil on canvas--82 x 81.5&nbsp;cm--the Metropolitan Museum of Art--four poplars on the banks of the Epte River near Giverny.jpg|*Four Poplars on the Banks of the [[Epte River]] near [[Giverny]],* 1891, Metropolitan Museum of Art
Image:Claude Monet - Rouen Cathedral, Facade (Sunset).JPG|*[[Rouen Cathedral (Monet)|Rouen Cathedral, Façade (sunset)]]*, 1892–1894, Musée Marmottan Monet, Paris
Image:The Seine at Giverny.JPG|*The Seine at Giverny*, 1897, National Gallery of Art
Image:Charing Cross Bridge, Monet.jpg|*Charing Cross Bridge*, 1899, Collection Carmen Thyssen-Bornemisza, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid
Image:Bridge_Over_a_Pond_of_Water_Lilies,_Claude_Monet_1899.jpg|*Bridge over a Pond of Water Lilies*, 1899, Metropolitan Museum of Art
Image:Claude Monet 040.jpg|*Poplars on the Epte*, 1900, National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh
File:The Garden in Flower Claude Oscar Monet 1900.jpg|*The Garden in Flower*, 1900
Image:Claude Monet 025.jpg|*Garden Path*, 1902, Österreichische Galerie Belvedere
Image:Claude Monet Houses of Parliament.jpg|*[[London Parliament (Monet)|Houses of Parliament, London]],* c. 1904, Musée Marmottan Monet, Paris
Image:Claude Monet - Water Lilies - 1906, Ryerson.jpg|*Water Lilies,* 1906, Art Institute of Chicago
Image:Claude Monet - Water-Lilies (Bridgestone Museum).jpg|*[[Water Lilies]],* 1907, Bridgestone Museum of Art, Tokyo
Image:Claude Monet 039.jpg|*Palace From Mula, Venice*, 1908, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
File:Claude Monet, Le Grand Canal.jpg|*The Grand Canal, Venice* 1908, Boston Museum of Fine Arts

Image:Claude Monet Water Lilies Toledo.jpg|*[[Water Lilies]]*, 1914–1917, Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, Ohio
Image:Nympheas 71293 3.jpg|*Nympheas*, 1915, Neue Pinakothek, Munich
File:Claude Monet Nympheas 1915 Musee Marmottan Paris.jpg|*[[Nympheas]],* 1915, Musée Marmottan Monet
File:Monet - Weiße und gelbe Seerosen.jpeg|*White and yellow [[Water Lilies]]*, (1915 -1917), Kunstmuseum Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
Image:Claude Monet Nympheas Marmottan.jpg|*[[Nympheas]]*, c. 1916, Musée Marmottan Monet, Paris
Image:Monet Water Lilies 1916.jpg|*[[Water Lilies]]*, 1916, The National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo
File:Nymphéas reflets de saule 1916-19.jpg|*[[Water Lilies]] and Reflections of a Willow* (1916–19), Musée Marmottan Monet
Image:Claude Monet, Water-Lily Pond and Weeping Willow.JPG|*Water-Lily Pond and Weeping Willow*, 1916–1919
File:Claude Monet - Water Lilies, 1917-1919.JPG|*[[Water Lilies]]*, 1917–1919, Honolulu Museum of Art
File:Claude Monet, Weeping Willow.JPG|*Weeping Willow*, 1918–1919
Image:Claude Monet Weeping Willow.jpg|*Weeping Willow*, 1918–1919, Kimball Art Museum, Fort Worth
File:WLA metmuseum Water Lilies by Claude Monet.jpg|*Water Lilies,* 1919, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City
Image:Claude Monet 044.jpg|*Sea-Roses (Yellow Nirwana),* 1920, The National Gallery, London
Image:Monet Waterlilypond 1926.jpg|*Water-Lily Pond*, c. 1915–1926, Chichu Art Museum, Naoshima, Kagawa, Japan
File:Monet- Der Rosenweg in Giverny.jpeg|*The Rose-Way in Giverny,* 1920–1922, Musée Marmottan Monet


## Pautan
* Francesco Filippini 

## Rujukan

## Bacaan lanjut

* Howard, Michael *The Treasures of Monet*. (Musée Marmottan Monet, Paris, 2007).
* Kendall, Richard *Monet by Himself*, (Macdonald & Co 1989, updated Time Warner Books 2004), ISBN 0-316-72801-2
* Tucker, Paul Hayes, *Monet in the '90s*. (Museum of Fine Arts in association with Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1989).
* Tucker, Paul Hayes *Claude Monet: Life and Art* Amilcare Pizzi, Italy 1995 ISBN 0-300-06298-2
* Tucker, Paul Hayes, *Monet in the 20th century*. (Royal Academy of Arts, London, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston and Yale University press. 1998).

## Pautan luar

* 
* Claude Monet by himself, intermonet.com
* Claude Monet paintings, media & interactive timeline, mootnotes.com
* Claude Monet: life and paintings 
* Comparison of reproductions of Monet, kasrl.org
* Monet at Giverny
* Photos of Monet's grave
* The Unknown Monet exhibition  – view sketchbooks, clarkart.edu
* Union List of Artist Names, Getty Vocabularies.
* 
* Claude Monet Works