Bahasa Yunani Aeolia

Dalam linguistik, **bahasa Yunani Aiolis** ialah sekumpulan dialek Yunani Kuno yang dituturkan kebanyakannya di Boeotia; di Thessalia; di pulau Aegia bernama Lesbos; dan di koloni Yunani Aiolis di Anatolia dan pulau-pulau yang berjiran. Dialek ini mempunyai banyak perkataan arkaik yang masih dihidupkan berbanding pada dialek-dialek Yunani Kuno yang lain (yakni Arkadia dan Kypros (''Cyprus''), Attika, Ionia dan Doria), serta banyak inovasi.

Loghat ini dikenali ramai dari karya nukilan dua orang penyair rantau penuturnya yakni, Psappho dan Alkaios. Puisi Aiolis, yang merupakan contoh dalam karya Psappho, kebanyakannya menggunakan empat meter klasik yang dikenali sebagai Aeolik: Glykonik (bentuk paling asas dalam puisi Aeolia), rangkap sebelas suku, stanza Sapphik, dan stanza karya Alkaios (dua yang terakhir dinamakan sempena Sappho dan Alkaios).

Dalam dialog Protagoras catatan karya Plato, Prodikos melabelkan dialek Aeolia tuturan Pittakos sebagai bahasa "orang gasar", kerana perbezaannya daripada gaya sastera Attika: "Dia tidak tahu membezakan perkataan dengan betul, kerana dia dari Lesbos, dan dibesarkan dengan dialek gasar".

## Fonologi

### Konsonan

#### Labiovelar
Indo-Eropah Purba dan Yunani Purba  bertukar kepada *p* Aeolia di mana-mana. Sebaliknya, IEP **kʷ* bertukar kepada *t* sebelum *e* dan *i* di Attika/Ionia, Arkadocyprus, dan Doria.

* IEP * → Lesbos ***p'''ísures'', Boeotia ***p**éttares'' ~ Attika **t**éttares, Ionia ***t*'ésseres*, Doria ***t**étores* "empat"

Begitu juga dalam IEP/YnP, **gʷ* sentiasa menjadi *b* dan IEP **gʷʰ* > YnP **kʰʷ* sentiasa menjadi *ph* (manakala dalam dialek lain menjadi *b*/*d* dan *ph*/*th* sebelum vokal belakang/depan).

Labiovelar diperlakukan dengan cara yang sama dalam bahasa [[Bahasa Celtik Purba|Celtik Purba]] dan [[Bahasa-bahasa Osco-Umbria|bahasa-bahasa Sabellik]] .

==== Gugus sonoran ====
[[Gugus konsonan]] Yunani Purba dengan *h* (daripada bahasa Indo-Eropah *s) dan sonoran (*r, l, n, m, w, y*) ditukar kepada sonoran berganda (*rr, ll, nn, mm, ww, yy*) dalam dialek Lesbos dan Thessaly (subdialek Aeolia) melalui [[Asimilasi (linguistik)|asimilasi]]. Dalam Attika/Ionia, Doria, dan Aeolia Boeotia, *h* diasimilasikan dengan vokal sebelum gugusan konsonan, menyebabkan vokal dipanjangkan dengan pemanjangan gantian.

: [[Bahasa Indo-Eropah Purba|IEP]] *VsR* atau *VRs* → Attia/Ionia-Doria-Boeotia *VVR* .
: [[Bahasa Indo-Eropah Purba|IEP]] *VsR* atau *VR* → *VRR* Lesbos-Thessaly.

* IEP *'*** → Yunani Purba''***ehm**i'' → Lesbos-Thessaly ***emm*'i* ~ Attia/Ionia ***ēm**i* (=) "saya (ialah)"

==== Kehilangan h ====
Bahasa Aeolia Lesbos hilang *h-* pada awal perkataan (*psilosis* "pelucutan") daripada s- atau y- Indo-Eropah Purba. Sebaliknya, Ionia kadangkala mengekalkannya, dan Attika sentiasa mengekalkannya.

* IEP * → Yunani Purba ****h**āwélios* → Lesbos *āélios*, Ionia *ēélios* ~ Attika ***h**ēlios* "matahari"

==== Pengekalan w ====
Dalam bahasa Thessaly dan Boeotia (sub-dialek Aeolia) dan Doria, w semi-vokal (digamma) Indo-Eropah Purba dan Yunani Purba dikekalkan pada permulaan perkataan.

* IEP  → Boeotia, Doria ***w**épos* ~ Attika-Ionika *épos* "perkataan", "[[epik]]" (bandingkan Latin *vōx* "suara")

=== Vokal ===

==== a panjang ====
Dalam bahasa Aeolia dan Doria, *ā* panjang Yunani Purba kekal. Sebaliknya, dalam Attika, *ā* panjang berubah kepada *ē* panjang dalam kebanyakan kes; dalam Ionia, ia berubah di mana-mana.

* IEP  → Aeolia, Doria m*'ā**tēr ~ Attika/Ionia ''m**ē**tēr'' "ibu"

==== Pemanjangan gantian ====
Pemanjangan gantian bagi ''a, e, o'' dalam dialek Lesbos menghasilkan ''ai, ei, oi'' (dalam Attia, ia menjadi ''ā, ei, ou'') contohnya dalam bentuk jamak akusatif bagi kata nama dasar a dan o, atau dalam banyak konjugasi kata kerja 3 IEP.

==== Boeotia ====
Dalam bahasa Boeotia, sistem vokal, dalam banyak kes, berubah sama seperti sebutan Yunani moden.

* Attika/Ionia   ~ Boeotia   ~ Bahasa Yunani Moden  
* Attika/Ionia   ~ Boeotia   ~ Yunani Moden  
* Attika/Ionia   ~ Boeotia   ~ Yunani Zaman Pertengahan dan Athens Lama   ~ Bahasa Yunani Moden  

=== Aksen ===
Dalam bahasa Aeolia Lesbos, aksen semua perkataan adalah resesif (baritonesis), seperti yang tipikal hanya dalam kata-kata kerja dialek lain.

* Attika/Ionika potamós ~ Lesbos pótamos "sungai"

== Morfologi ==
Kata kerja yang dipendekkan berdasarkan vokal yang [[Vokal tematik|bertema]] dalam Attika/Ionia selalunya bersifat athematik (''-mi'') dalam Aeolia.

* Ionia ''philéō'', Attika ''philô'' ~ Aeolia ''phílēmi'' "saya suka"

Aktif infinitif atematik Aeolia berakhir dengan ''-men'' atau (Lesbos) ''-menai''. ~ Attika/Ionia ada ''-enai'' .

* Lesbos ''émmen, émmenai''; Thessaly, Boeotia ''eîmen'' ~ Attika/Ionia ''eînai'' (diftong palsu) "kopula"

Dalam dialek Lesbos akhiran ini juga ada dalam konjugasi tematik, yang mana Attika/Ionia mempunyai ''-ein''. Ketiga-tiga akhiran Aeolia ini terdapat dalam bahasa Yunani Homer.

* [[Bahasa Yunani Homer|Homer]] ''agémen''

Yunani Purba ''-ans'' dan ''-ons'' → ''-ais'' dan ''-ois'' (jamak akusatif deklensi pertama dan kedua) ~ Attika/Ionia -''ās'' dan ''-ōs'' (-ους).

Jamak datif ''-aisi'' dan ''-oisi'' ~ Attika/Ionia ''-ais'' dan ''-ois''.

Partisipel mempunyai ''-ois'' dan ''-ais'' untuk Attika ''-ōs'' (-ους), ''-ās''.

== Glosari ==
Berikut ialah senarai beberapa perkataan dalam dialek Aeolia, yang ditulis dalam abjad Yunani, bersama dengan alih huruf dalam abjad Rumi. Setiap perkataan diikuti dengan maknanya dan dibandingkan dengan perkataan serupa dalam dialek Yunani kuno yang lain. Bahagian "nota" menyediakan maklumat tambahan, dan jika berkenaan, etimologi diberikan.

=== Aeolia ===


* **** ''ágōnos'' "struggle" (Attika  agōn; Elis jamak datif agōnois untuk agōsi)
* **** **' hadiah yang dihantar oleh saudara mara kepada pengantin perempuan Lesbos (Sappho fr.) (bandingkan dengan Yunani Homer hedna, eedna)
* ***' ''Aiolíōnes'' "[[orang Aeolia]]" (Attika  ''Aioleîs'') ('''' "bercakap bahasa Aeolia, menyusun dalam mod Aeolia, memperdaya dengan kata-kata palsu" [[Sophokles]] Fr.912) ([https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%232585 aioleō] pelbagai, menghias, mempelbagaikan ([https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%232610 aiolos] bergerak cepat, berkilauan, licik)
* ***' *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%233199 aklades]* (kebun anggur yang tidak dipangkas) (Attika akladeutoi ampeloi)
* ***' ''akontion'' (sebahagian daripada tentera) (Attika tombak) (bahasa Makedonia ''rhakhis'', tulang belakang atau apa sahaja yang beralun seperti tulang belakang)
* ***' -τος *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%235156 amenēs]* -tos (Attika  humēn) kulit nipis, membran.
* ***' ''[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057;query=entry%3D%236204;layout=;loc=a%29mwre%2Fa amōnes]'' (Attika ἀνεμώνες [[anemone]]
* ***' *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2311153 aoros]* (Attika ἄϋπνος aypnos, tanpa tidur) dialek Mithymna
* ***' ''[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2315443 arpys]'' (Attika ἔρως [[Eros]], Cinta) dibuktikan dalam Crinagoras, ἁρπάζειν ''harpazein'' meragut. Yunani Homer ''[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2315411 harpaleos]'' menarik, memakan
* ***' *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2316888 asphe]* kepada mereka (Attika sphe, sphi)
* ***' ''[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2319196 bakkhoa]'' (Attika βόθρος ''bothros'' penjara suci, lubang)
* ***' *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2319266 balla]* ambang (Attika  bēlos) (Doria balos)
* ***' ''[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2320116 blēr]'' penghasutan (Attika [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2323956 delear]) sama dengan αἶθμα ''aithma'' 'pengapi-apian', perkataan ini ditemui dalam Alcaeus
* ***' *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2320765 bradanizō]* melelakan, menggoyangkan. (bandingkan perkataan Elis bratana biasa *rhatane*, "dahan")
* ***' ''[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2320767 braidion]'' (Attika ῥᾴδιον rhaidion mudah)
* ***' *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2320809 brakein]* to memahami (dysbrakanon tidak difahami)
* ***' ''[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2321015 brodopakhus]'' dengan lengan yang berwarna merah jambu, merah mawar (Attika rhodopechys) ( brodopachun Sappho) dan [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2321013 brododaktulos] dengan jari-jari merah mawar
* ***' *brokheos* atau βρουκέων broukeon (Attika βραχύ brachy pendek) (Sapph.fr. 2,7)
* ***' ''drasein'' (Attika θύειν mengorbankan)
* ***' *eide* (Attika ὕλη, hutan) (εἴδη Ionia juga)
* ***' ''[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2346064 zadelon]'' berlubang, terbuka (Attika diadelon ketara) (Alcaeus 30 D 148P)
* ***' *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2350467 imbēris]* belut (Attika  enchelys) dialek Mithymna
* ***' ''Issa'' nama lama [[Lesbos|Pulau Lesbos]] Cf. Antissa
* ***' *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2351231 issasthai]* (Attika  klerousthai mengambil sesuatu dengan cabut undi)
* ***' ''[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2351615 kankulē]'' (Attika  ''kēkis'' basah, wap, pencelupan yang menghakis)
* ***' *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2352988 kammarpsis]* Ukuran kering (Attika  hemimedimnon, satu setengah medimnos [~51.84 liter])
* ***' ''[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2353252 karabides]'' bertanduk (Attika  [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2322811 graes]) <a href="./Mithymna" rel="mw:WikiLink" data-linkid="435" data-cx="{&amp;quot;adapted&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;sourceTitle&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;title&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Mithymna&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;thumbnail&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;source&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Molyvos.jpg/80px-Molyvos.jpg&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;width&amp;quot;:80,&amp;quot;height&amp;quot;:47},&amp;quot;description&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Municipal unit in Greece&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;pageprops&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wikibase_item&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Q132198&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;pagelanguage&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;en&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;targetFrom&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;source&amp;quot;}" class="cx-link" id="mwA7s" title="Mithymna">dialek Mithymna</a>
* ***' *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2356195 kaualeon]* Hsch (Attika  *aithos* api, panas terbakar) (Cf.kaiō bakar)
* ***' ''Mesostrophonia'' Lesbian festival
* ***' *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2368368 molsos]* (Attika , fat)
* ***' ''[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2371639 ximba]'' (Attika ῥοιά rhoia pokok delima) (Boeotia [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2393999 sida])
* ***' *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2372159 othmata]* (Attika *ommata* mata)
* ***' ''[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057;query=entry%3D%236214;layout=;loc=a%29%2Fna1 ón]''  óna (Attika  aná) ke atas, melalui, lagi (Arkadocyprus juga)
* ***' *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2379955 passyrion]* (Attika *passydia* 'sepenuhnya, bersama-sama, dengan seluruh tentera')
* ***' ''[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2380208 pedameivō]'' (Attika metameivo tukar) (πεδέχω pedecho μετέχω metecho), pedoikos metoikos [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2380200 peda] untuk [[meta]]
* ***' *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2382655 Perrhamos]* Raja Priamus (Alcaeus 74D, 111P (ia juga bermaksud raja)
* ***' ''[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%23101971 saōmi]'' menyelamatkan (Attika  sōizō) (Yunani Homer  saoō)
* ***' *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2393981 siglai]* anting-anting (Attika *enōtia*, Lakonia *exōbadia*)
* ***' ''[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2371667 skiphos]'' Attika xiphos pedang (skiptō, diberikan sebagai etimologi skiphos dan xiphos, Sch.Il.1.220; cf. skipei: nussei, ia menikam, menusuk)
* ***' *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2396961 spóla]*(Attika  stolē) peralatan, pakaian (spaleis, yang dihantar, untuk staleis)
* ***' ''[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2393389 syrx]'' (Attika σάρξ daging) (jamamk datif σύρκεσιν syrkesi Attika σαρξίν sarxin)
* ***' *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%23103073 tenekounti]* (Attika *enoikounti* tunggal datif bagi  enoikōn menghuni)
* ***' ''[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%23104452 tragais]'' awak memecah, menjadi kasar dan serak dan berbau seperti kambing
* ***' *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%23105831 tude]* tudai dan tuide di sini) (Ionia tēde)
* ***' ''[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%23110461 phauophoros]'' pendeta perempuan (Attika  ''hiereia'') (penjaga cahaya) (Aeolia [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%23110470 phauō] untuk Yunani Homer ''phaō'' shine) (Yunani Homer ''phaos'' cahaya, Attika ''phōs'' dan ''phōtophoros'')

==== Boeotia ====


* ***' *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%235276 amillakas]* wain Thebai (Attika oinos)
* ***' ''[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057;query=entry%3D%2310930;layout=;loc=a%29nwdi%2Fnw anōdorkas]'' ikan [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2320968 ] 
* ***' *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2319122 baidumēn]* (Attika  *arotrian* membajak)
* ***' ''[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2319305 bana]'' (***' *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2319247 balara]*) perempuan (Attika *gunē*); ***', banēkes ***' battikes perempuan-perempuan (Attika gunaikes)
* ***' ''[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2319601 bastrax]'' atau bastax (Attika τράχηλος trachēlos leher) jmk. bastrakhes
* ***' *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2320081 bleerei]* (Attika οἰκτείρει dia berasa kasihan) Cf. eleairei
* ***' ''[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2334561 empyria]'' [[penilikan]] (Attika manteia) (Hsch. sumpah awam, [[Bahasa Yunani Koine|Koine]] cubaan dengan api)
* ***' *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2346140 zekeltides]* labu Amerias zakeltides (Frigia zelkia sayur-sayuran)
* ***' ''idephin'' bersuara merdu. Hsch.:  digunakan oleh orang Boeotia (Attika [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2346730 hēduphōnon]) (Aeolia wad-, ad-)
* ***' *istake* sabit (Attika  drepanon)
* ***' ''[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2351417 iugodromein]'' (Attika , ekboēthein, dan boēdromein, berlari untuk membantu) ()([https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057;layout=;query=entry%3D%2351416;loc=i%29uggodrome%2Fw Iungios] bulan dalam Thessaly)
* ***' *iō* dan hiōn (Attika  egō, saya) (hiōnga iōga untuk egōge)
* ***' ''[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2353262 Karaios]'' Julukan Boeotian untuk Zeus bermaksud tinggi, kepala. Eponim Boeotia ''Karaidas''
* ***' *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2359942 kriddemen]* (Attika  gelan menggelak) (Strattis fr. 47) Cf. (Cf. Attika krizō berderit, memekik)
* ***' ''[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2359114 korilla]'' anak gadis ([[Bahasa Yunani Koine|Koine]] ''korasion'' daripada Attika ''korasis'' gadis) (Aetolia ''korudion'')
* ***' *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2367373 mēlatas]* (Attika  poimen penggembala) (Homer  mēlon biri-biri) (Attika mēlon epal, Aeolia-Doria *malon*)
* ***' ''[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2368160 mnarion]'' (Attika  ''[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2352780 kallyntron]'' penyapu, berus)
* ***' *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2374502 opisthotila]* (Attika  sēpia sotong katak) (Strattis. fr. 47,3) (memancutkan cecairnya dari belakang)
* ***' ''opittomai'' (Homer [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2374448 opizomai] saya peduli, hormat) (Lakonia ''opiddomai'')
* ***' *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2376173 ophrygnai]* (Attika  *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2376170 ophryazei]* dia kenyit mata angkat kening, bongkak)
* ***' ''[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2393543 seia]'' saya menganiaya (Attika  ''edioxa'') (Cf.Homer [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2393543 seuō] bergerak cepat, kejar)
* ***' *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%23101197 syoboiōtoi]* Hog-Boeotians (Cratinus.310)
* ***' ''[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%23105122 tripeza]'' (Attika trapeza, meja)(daripada [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%23103476 tetrapeza] empat kaki) (''tripeza'' tiga kaki) (dalam Aeolia ia menjadi ''tripesda'')
* ***' *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%23116023 psōsmata]* perkataan Boeotia

#### Thessaly

* ***' ''[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%23160 abremēs]'' (Attika  ablepēs "tidak layak untuk dilihat", hina) (termasuk dalam bahasa Arkadocyprus) (Teks Hesiod  "digunakan oleh orang Cyprus dan Thessaly")
* ***' *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%23762 agora]* (Attika  limen pelabuhan) (Teks Hesiod  "Orang Thessalian memanggil pelabuhan sebagai agora, manakala orang Crete memanggil dewan sebagai agora")
* ***' ''[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%234767 alphinia]'' pokok poplar putih (IEP *albho- 'putih') (Attika leukē, IEP *leuk- 'bright, light') (Makedonia ''aliza'')
* ***' *aspaleia* keselamatan (Attika asphaleia)
* ***' ''[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2316597 astralos]'' (Attika ψάρ -ος psar [[Burung Perling|burung cemperling]])
* ***' *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2319747 bebukousthai]* menjadi bengkak (Homer  buktaon meniup)
* ***' ''[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2320678 bousia]'' (Attika γογγυλίδι gongylidi [[turnip]])
* ***' *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2323463 daratos]* roti Thessaly (Makedonia *dramis*) (Athaman *dramix*) (IEP *der- 'potong, belah')
* ***' ''[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2335974 enormos]'' ([[agora]], perhimpunan, pasar dan tanah) (Attika [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2335969 enormeō] masuk ke pelabuhan, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2375183 hormos] teluk, tempat berlabuh
* ***' *ereas* kanak-kanak (Hsch.Attika  tekna) (Homer ernos tunas muda) (Neo-Phrygian eiroi kanak-kanak)
* ***' ''[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2347964 theanoustai]'' (Attika  alat pengikis tulang)
* ***' *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2350180 itheiē]* (Attika  hamaxitos jalan untuk kereta kuda) (Homer  "lurus dan tegak" Ψ 580) (Attika ithys, eytheia garisan lurus)
* ***' ''impsas'' partisipel lampau untuk impto (Attika ζεύξας zeuxas zeugnymi menggabungkan) (Ἴμψιος Impsios Ποσειδῶν ὁ ζύγιος [[Poseidon]] Zygius berkuda)
* ***' *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2352563 kalaphos]* (Attika ἀσκάλαφος, Ascalaphus sejenis burung (suku kaum Magnetes)
* ***' ''[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2353140 kapanē]'' kereta kuda (Attika  apēnē) juga, topi keledar ([https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2353142 kapanikos] banyak
* ***' *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2353399 karpaia]* tarian ketenteraan tiruan Thessalo-Makedonia (lihat juga tarian Karpaea) Homer karpalimos pantas (berkenaan kaki) bersemangat, rakus.
* ***' ''nealeis'' pendatang baru, yang baru ditangkap (Cf. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2369939 nealeis], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0058%3Aentry%3D%2321962 neēludes])
* ***' *nebeuō* berdoa (Makedonia *neuō*) (Attika *euchomai*, *neuō* 'mengenyit mata')
* ***' ''onala'', ***' *onalouma* (Attika analōma kos perbelanjaan) (*on-* digunakan sebagai ganti awalan Attic , *ongrapsantas* SEG 27:202
* ***' ''Petthalia'' 'Thessalia'; ''Petthaloi'' 'orang Thessaly'; Koine ''thessalisti'' 'cara Thessaly'. Cf. Attika ***' *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2335587 entethettalizomai]* menjadi orang Thessaly, yakni memakai matel Thessaly (Thettalika ptera *bulu*), Eupolis.201.)
* **** *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%23102153 tageuō]* menjadi tagos (pemimpin) di Thessaly 

## Nota kaki


## Rujukan umum

* 
* 

## Bacaan lanjut


### Pengajian am

* Adrados, Francisco Rodríguez (2005). "The Specific Literary Languages: Lesbian, Boeotian and Syracusan". *A History of the Greek Language*. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. pp.&nbsp;118–125. doi:. ISBN&nbsp;.
* Bakker, Egbert J., ed. 2010. *A companion to the Ancient Greek language.* Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
* Beek, Lucien van (2022). "Greek". In Thomas Olander (ed.). *The Indo-European Language Family*. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.&nbsp;173–201. doi:. ISBN&nbsp;.
* Colvin, Stephen C. 2007. *A historical Greek reader: Mycenaean to the koiné.* Oxford: Oxford University Press.
* Dosuna, J. Mendes (2007). "The Aeolic dialects". In Christidis, Anastasios-Phoivos (ed.). *A history of Ancient Greek: From the beginnings to Late Antiquity*. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp.&nbsp;460–474. ISBN&nbsp;.
* Miller, D. Gary (2014). "4. Greece, Greek, and Its Dialects". *Ancient Greek Dialects and Early Authors: Introduction to the Dialect Mixture in Homer, with Notes on Lyric and Herodotus*. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter. pp.&nbsp;25–33. doi:. ISBN&nbsp;.
* Horrocks, Geoffrey. 2010. *Greek: A history of the language and its speakers.* 2nd ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
* Scarborough, Matthew (2023). "The Problem of Aeolic in Ancient Greek Dialectology". *The Aeolic Dialects of Ancient Greek*. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. pp.&nbsp;1–39. doi:. ISBN&nbsp;.
* Scarborough, Matthew (2023b). "The Peripheral Aeolic Isoglosses". *The Aeolic Dialects of Ancient Greek*. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. pp.&nbsp;130–211. doi:. ISBN&nbsp;.
* Palmer, Leonard R. 1980. *The Greek language.* London: Faber & Faber.

### Mengenai dialek Boeotia

* Buck, R. J. (1968). "The Aeolic Dialect in Boeotia". *Classical Philology*. **63** (4): 268–280. doi:.
* Miller, D. Gary (2014). "19. Boeotian and Thessalian". *Ancient Greek Dialects and Early Authors: Introduction to the Dialect Mixture in Homer, with Notes on Lyric and Herodotus*. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter. pp.&nbsp;219–233. doi:. ISBN&nbsp;.
* Pantelidis, Nikolaos. "Boeotian and its Neighbors: A Central Helladic Dialect Continuum?" In: *Studies in Ancient Greek Dialects: From Central Greece to the Black Sea*. Edited by Georgios Giannakis, Emilio Crespo and Panagiotis Filos. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2018. pp.&nbsp;167–188. doi:
* Page, Denis L. 1953. *Corinna.* London: Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies.
* West, Martin L. 1990. "Dating Corinna." *Classical Quarterly* 40 (2): 553–57.

### Mengenai dialek Lesbos

* Bowie, Angus M. 1981. *The poetic dialect of Sappho and Alcaeus.* New York: Arno.
* Finkelberg, Margalit. "Lesbian and Mainland Greece". In: *Studies in Ancient Greek Dialects: From Central Greece to the Black Sea*. Edited by Georgios Giannakis, Emilio Crespo and Panagiotis Filos. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2018. pp.&nbsp;447–456. doi:
* Hodot, René (2018). "Lesbian, in Space, Time, and its Uses". In Georgios Giannakis; Emilio Crespo; Panagiotis Filos (eds.). *Studies in Ancient Greek Dialects: From Central Greece to the Black Sea*. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter. pp.&nbsp;457–470. doi:.
* Miller, D. Gary (2014). "20. Lesbian". *Ancient Greek Dialects and Early Authors: Introduction to the Dialect Mixture in Homer, with Notes on Lyric and Herodotus*. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter. pp.&nbsp;234–254. doi:. ISBN&nbsp;.
* Tribulato, Olga (2021). "Sappho's Dialect". In P. J. Finglass; Adrian Kelly (eds.). *The Cambridge Companion to Sappho*. Cambridge Companions to Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.&nbsp;135–46. doi:. ISBN&nbsp;.

### Mengenai dialek Thessaly

* Chadwick, John (1992). "The Thessalian Accent". *Glotta*. **70** (1/2): 2–14. JSTOR&nbsp;40266905. Accessed 23 Mar. 2024.
* Helly, Bruno. "Some Materials for a Historical Grammar of the Thessalian Dialect". In: *Studies in Ancient Greek Dialects: From Central Greece to the Black Sea*. Edited by Georgios Giannakis, Emilio Crespo and Panagiotis Filos. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2018. pp.&nbsp;351–374. doi:
* Miller, D. Gary (2014). "19. Boeotian and Thessalian". *Ancient Greek Dialects and Early Authors: Introduction to the Dialect Mixture in Homer, with Notes on Lyric and Herodotus*. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter. pp.&nbsp;219–233. doi:. ISBN&nbsp;.