Operasi Barbarossa

**Operasi Barbarossa** () merupakan nama kod bagi Nazi Jerman dan pencerobohan Kuasa Paksi ke atas Kesatuan Soviet semasa Perang Dunia II yang bermula pada 22 Jun 1941.  Ia merupakan operasi tentera terbesar dalam sejarah dunia. Lebih 5.5 juta tentera dari kuasa Paksi menceroboh Soviet di sepanjang perbatasan 1,800 batu.  Operasi ini dinamakan sempena Maharaja Frederick Barbarossa dari Empayar Suci Rom, ketua Salibi pada abad ke-12. Barbarossa merupakan sebahagian utama perang di Perbatasan Timur Perang Dunia II. Perancangan bagi operasi Barbarossa memakan masa beberapa tahun sebelum Jun 1941; persediaan rahsia dan operasi tentera itu sendiri memakan masa hampir setahun, dari musim bunga 1941, sehingga musim sejuk 1942. Kegagalan operasi Barbarossa menyebabkan Hitler menuntut operasi tambahan di Rusia, hampir kesemuanya akhirnya gagal, seperti meneruskan Pengepungan Leningrad., Operasi Nordlicht, dan Pertempuran Stalingrad, antara pertempuran lain di kawasan jajahan Russia. 

Matlamat operasi bagi Operasi Barbarossa merupakan penaklukan pantas bahagian Eropah dari Soviet, arah barat bagi garisan yang menyambungkan bandar Arkhangelsk dan Astrakhan, sering kali dirujuk sebagai garis A-A  oleh sumber Jerman. Pada pengakhirannya pada Disember 1941, Tentera Merah telah mematahkan serangan terhebat Wehrmacht. Hitler gagal mencapai kemenangan yang diinginkannya, tetapi keadaan bagi Soviet kekal kritikal. Secara taktikal, pihak Jerman mencapai kemenangan besar dan menduduki sebahagian besar kawasan ekonomi paling penting negara itu, terutamanya di Ukraine. Disebalik kejayaan ini, tentera Jerman diundurkan dari Moscow dan tidak lagi mampu membuat serangan serentak di sepanjang perbatasan strategik Soviet-Jerman.

Kegagalan Operasi Barbarossa akhirnya menyebabkan kekalahan kepada Nazi Jerman dan dianggap titik perubahan bagi Reich Ketiga. Operasi Barbarossa membuka Perbatasan Timur, yang akhirnya menjadi medan perang terbesar dalam sejarah manusia. Operasi Barbarossa dan kawasan yang dirangkuminya menjati tapak pertempuran paling besar dan dashyat, keganasan peling berdarah, kehilangan jiwa yang besar dan keadaan teruk bagi kedua-dua Soviet dan Jerman - kesemuanya mempengaruhi arah kedua-dua Perang Dunia II dan sejarah abad ke 20.

## Nota

## Rujukan

## Bacaan lanjut


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* lt. Kolobanov and KV-2. Notable engagements of KV series against outnumbering enemy forces: http://wio.ru/tank/ww2tank.htm

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## Pautan luar

* Marking 70 Years to Operation Barbarossa on the Yad Vashem website
* Over 270 original private German color photos from Operation Barbarossa on Pixpast website
* Operation Barbarossa original reports and pictures from *[[The Times]]*