Oliver Twist (filem 2005)

***Oliver Twist*** adalah sebuah filem drama British 2005 yang diarah oleh Roman Polanski. Lakon layar oleh Ronald Harwood berasaskan novel 1838 dengan tajuk yang sama oleh Charles Dickens.

Filem ini didahului oleh banyak sekali pemadanan buku Dickens tersebut, termasuk beberapa filem cetera, tiga filem televisyen, dua siri mini, dan satu muzikal pentas yang menjadi filem memenangi Anugerah Akademi. 

Filem ini mula ditayangkan di Pesta Filem Antarabangsa Toronto pada 11 September 2005 sebelum memulakan tayangan terhad di Amerika Syarikat pada 23 September.

## Jalan cerita
Berlatarbelakangkan kurun ke -19, kisah ini berkisar tentang seorang anak yatim bernama Oliver Twist, yang diselamatkan daripada bekerja sebagai tukang sapu menara asap apabila En. Sowerberry yang baik hati menawarkan beliau untuk bekerja sebagai perantis pembuat keranda. Selepas diuji dengan pelbagai hinaan lisan tanpa henti-henti oleh Pn. Sowerberry dan dibuli oleh pembantu kanan Noah Claypole, Oliver melarikan diri dan membawa diri dengan berjalan kaki sejauh tujuh puluh batu ke London. Di sana Oliver bertemu dengan Jack Dawnkins, dikenali sebagai Artful Dodger, yang menawarkan beliau dengan makanan dan tempat tinggal bersama-sama Fagin, ketua sekumpulan budak lelaki yang dilatih sebagai penyeluk saku.

Oliver telah dituduh mencuri sapu tangan sutera milik Orang Kaya Brownlow,  dan apabila beliau dibuktikan tidak bersalah, orang kaya itu membawa beliau ke rumah agam miliknya dan memberikannya pakaian baru dan berjanji memberikan Oliver pendidikan yang baik. Fagin dan pembantunya, Bill Sikes, bimbang budak tersebut akan mengenali mereka, dan apabila Oliver sedang dalam perjalanan dia telah direntap oleh Sikes dan Nancy, seorang pelacur muda yang tinggal bersamanya, dan kedua-dua mereka menyakinkan mereka yang berdiri di tepi jalan bahawa dia (Oliver) adalah seorang orang buruan. Mereka mengembalikannya ke tempat persembunyian Fagin, di mana dia diletakkan dalam pemerhatian ketat sehinggalah Sikes dan kroninya Toby Crackit memaksa Oliver membantu mereka merompak rumah Encik Bronlow pada lewat malam. Oliver cuba melepaskan diri dan ditembak di lengannya oleh Sikes, yang mengakibatkan ketiga-tiga mereka melarikan diri, rompakan akhirnya terbatal. 

Nancy, yang merasa kasihan kepada Oliver, pergi ke rumah Encik Brownlow and memberitahu penjaga rumah iaitu Puan Bedwin agar meminta Tuannya bertemu dengan Nancy di Jambatan London pada waktu tengah malam. Tanpa menyedari Artful Dodger mengekorinya atas arahan Fagin, dia memberitahu Encik Brownlow bahawa Oliver telah dikurung dan yakin bahawa pihak polis tahu dimana hendak mencari Fagin seterusnya budak tersebut. Sikes mendapat tahu akan pembelotan Nancy dan memukulnya dengan teruk sehingga mati. Ketika pihak polis sedang memburu dirinya, Fagin dan Oliver, mereka semua bersembunyi di tempat Toby Crackit, tetapi anjing milik Sikes bernama Bullseye telah membantu pihak polis menemui tempat persembunyian mereka. Sikes cuba meloloskan diri bersama-sama Oliver sebagai tebusan, tetapi secara tak sengaja tergantung dirinya, dan budak tersebut terselamat. 

Sekali lagi, Oliver yang kini tinggal dengan selamat bersama Encik Brownlow, telah meminta beliau membawanya berjumpa telah Fagin, yang dihukum ke tali gantung akibat jenayah yang dilakukakannya. Meskipun lelaki tua keparat itu sedang mengalami ketidakstabilan mental, dia masih lagi mengenali Oliver dan memeluknya. Budak tersebut, yang masih mengingati Fagin sebagai orang yang pernah menjaganya dengan baik, merayu-rayu kepada pegawai atasan penjara agar membebaskan lelaki tua itu. Encik Brownlow mengiringi Oliver balik ke kereta kudanya dan kembali ke rumah, sambil membiarkan Fagin menunggu detik-detik taqdirnya

## Pembikinan Filem
In *Twist by Polanski*, a bonus feature on the DVD release of the film, Roman Polanski discusses his decision to make yet another screen adaptation of the Dickens novel. Following *[[The Pianist (2002 film)|The Pianist]]*, he was anxious to make a film his children could enjoy. He realized nearly forty years had passed since *Oliver Twist* had been adapted for a feature film and felt it was time for a new version. Screenwriter Ronald Harwood, with whom he had collaborated on *The Pianist*, welcomed the opportunity to work on the first Dickens project in his career.

The film was shot in Prague, Beroun, and Žatec in the Czech Republic.

## Lakonan
* Ben Kingsley ..... Fagin
* Barney Clark ..... Oliver Twist
* Jamie Foreman ..... Bill Sikes
* Harry Eden ..... Artful Dodger
* Leanne Rowe ..... Nancy
* Mark Strong ..... Toby Crackit
* Edward Hardwicke ..... Mr. Brownlow
* Frances Cuka ..... Mrs. Bedwin
* Lewis Chase ..... Charley Bates
* Michael Heath ..... Mr. Sowerberry
* Gillian Hanna ..... Mrs. Sowerberry
* Chris Overton ..... Noah Claypole 
* Paul Brooke ..... Mr. Grimwig
* Ian McNeice ..... Mr. Limbkins
* Liz Smith ..... Old Woman
* Patrick Godfrey ..... Bookseller
* Alun Armstrong ..... Magistrate Fang

## Penerimaan kritikal
A.O. Scott of the *[[New York Times]]* called it a "bracingly old-fashioned" film that "does not embalm its source with fussy reverence. Instead, with tact and enthusiasm, Mr. Polanski grabs hold of a great book and rediscovers its true and enduring vitality." He added, "The look of the movie . . . is consistent with its interpretation of Dickens's worldview, which could be plenty grim but which never succumbed to despair. There is just enough light, enough grace, enough beauty, to penetrate the gloom and suggest the possibility of redemption. The script . . . is at once efficient and ornate, capturing Dickens's narrative dexterity and his ear for the idioms of English speech." 

Roger Ebert of the *[[Chicago Sun-Times]]* said the film "is visually exact and detailed without being too picturesque . . . The performances are more vivid and edgy than we might suspect; Kingsley's Fagin is infinitely more complex than in the usual versions." 

Mick LaSalle of the *[[San Francisco Chronicle]]* observed, "Roman Polanski, who was stranded in Paris without his parents during World War II, clearly understands the predicament of the title character . . . Personal experience doesn't cause the director to emphasize the biographical parallels, nor does it lead him into subjectivity or sentimentality. On the contrary, Polanski's firsthand knowledge that such things can really happen to a boy results in a grounded and unusually matter-of-fact adaptation . . . [He] does justice to Dickens' moral universe, in which the motives and worldview of even the worst people are made comprehensible." 

Peter Travers of *[[Rolling Stone]]* rated the film two out of four stars, calling it "drab and unfeeling" and "lacking the Polanski stamp." He thought, "As played by Barney Clark, Oliver seems bereft of personality. And Harry Eden as the Artful Dodger . . . lacks the comic spirit to animate the role." 

Todd McCarthy of *[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]* said, "Conventional, straightforward and very much within what used to be called the Tradition of Quality, this handsome film is a respectable literary adaptation but lacks dramatic urgency and intriguing undercurrents . . . Kingsley does a fine job, instilling Fagin with a certain feebleness and insecurity that make him more pathetic than hateful. Unfortunately, it's a level of performance unmatched by most of the other actors . . . Crucially, Barney Clark is disappointingly wan and unengaging in the title role, giving the film a hole in the middle; when he disappears for a spell in the latter-going, it's a bit of a relief." 

Lisa Schwarzbaum of *[[Entertainment Weekly]]* graded the film B+ and commented, "On the face of it, Roman Polanski's *Oliver Twist* . . . is in the tradition of every faithful *Oliver Twist* ever filmed — a photogenic, straightforward, CliffsNotes staging of Charles Dickens' harrowing story . . . Yet precisely because this is by Roman Polanski, it's irresistible to read his sorrowful and seemingly classical take, from a filmmaker known as much for the schisms in his personal history as for the lurches in his work, as something much more personal and poignant." 

Steve Persall of the *[[St. Petersburg Times]]* graded the film C+ and commented, "Polanski plays it safe, which is to say dutifully dull, by staging Dickens' tale of child abuse and class conflict in a fashion that hasn't changed much since David Lean's 1948 adaptation. Polanski simply has better costumers and carpenters than Lean to fake 19th century London's grimy side. This is a superior rendition of the same old thing but it's still the same old thing . . . Kingsley's grotesque, over-the-moon performance is embarrassing; cackling through latex wrinkles and false teeth probably misshapen from gnawing on the scenery . . . He makes Fagin little more than an eccentric foster grandfather rather than the wicked exploiter Dickens described. Ron Moody's musical take on the character in 1968's *Oliver!* seemed more dangerous. Alec Guinness' portrayal in Lean's version, reviled for its hammy nature in some circles, is almost subdued by comparison." 

Peter Bradshaw of *[[The Guardian]]* called it "a decent, watchable film, not obviously more powerful or personal than a teatime-telly version. It is an adaptation with gusto and spirit, content to let the central story do the work, having had a thicket of minor characters and subplots chopped out. There are no great flourishes of cinematography, no novelties of interpretation or design other than to put Fagin closer to the centre of the story and make him a little more sympathetic . . . Polanski respectfully reproduces Dickens's combustible black-comic rage. But despite the pain and fear, the hangings and the beatings, there is always a nagging disquiet that what Polanski thinks he is giving us is basically a much-loved children's classic. He is directing a handsome repro edition . . .   bound in celluloid calf and lightly sprinkled with the picturesque movie dust of Old London Town. His *Oliver Twist* does not flag or lose its way and it is always watchable, but the book's original power and force have not been rediscovered." 

Philip French of *[[The Observer]]* said, "Behind the opening and closing credits . . .  are Gustave Doré's steel engravings of London and its inhabitants. They are elegant, appropriate and suitably atmospheric. What comes between them is much less satisfactory . . . In a generally disappointing, though by no means badly acted film, two brief performances stand out. As the outrageously peremptory and overbearing magistrate Mr Fang, Alun Armstrong is both funny and shocking, while Mark Strong combines comedy and menace as the dandyish burglar with the great name of Toby Crackit." 

## Keluaran DVD
Sony Pictures released the film on DVD on January 24, 2006. It is in anamorphic widescreen format with audio tracks and subtitles in English and French. Bonus features include *Twist by Polanski*, in which the director reflects on the making of the film; *The Best of Twist*, which includes interviews with production designer Allan Starski, costume designer Anna B. Sheppard, cinematographer Paweł Edelman, editor Hervé de Luze, and composer Rachel Portman; and *Kidding with Oliver Twist*, which focuses on the young actors in the cast.  

## Rujukan

## Pautan luar
* Official website 
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