Septuaginta

**Terjemahan Tujuh Puluh** ( dilatinkan sebagai *Vetus Testamentum ex versione Septuaginta Interpretum* atau ringkasnya ***Septuaginta*** "Sang Tujuh Puluh") –kadangkala dipanggil **Perjanjian Lama Yunani** atau sering disingkatkan sebagai angka Rumi **LXX**,  \mathfrak{G}  atau *G*– ialah terjemahan  bahasa Yunani terawal teks Alkitab Ibrani yang masih wujud. 

Penerjemahan ini dilakukan sebagai keperluan masyarakat Yahudi semasa zaman Bait Kedua yang banyak tidak dapat bertutur apatah lagi boleh membaca bahasa Ibrani bahkan bahasa Yunani Koine dan Aramia ialah bahasa perantara  pada zaman itu.

Sarjana Alkitab bersetuju bahawa peneterjemahan lima kitab pertama Alkitab Ibrani ke dalam bahasa Yunani Koine oleh orang Yahudi yang tinggal di Kerajaan Ptolemaios mungkin pada awal atau pertengahan abad ketiga SM; kitab-kitab selebihnya mungkin telah diterjemahkan pada abad ke-2 SM. Beberapa terjemahan Alkitab ke dalam bahasa Aramia juga dibuat semasa zaman Bait Kedua.

## Nama
Tajuk penuhnya dalam bahasa Yunani berasal daripada kisah yang dicatatkan dalam Surat Aristeas kepada Philokrates bahawa "hukum-hakam orang Yahudi" telah diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Yunani atas permintaan Ptolemaios si Pesumbang (285–247 SM) oleh tujuh puluh dua penterjemah Ibrani—enam daripada setiap Dua Belas Suku Israel. Tidak sehingga zaman Agustinus dari Hippo (354–430&nbsp;SM) barulah terjemahan Yunani kitab-kitab suci Yahudi mula dipanggil dengan nama Latin *Septuaginta*. 

## Rujukan


## Bacaan lanjut
 
* Siegfried Kreuzer, ed. *Introduction to the Septuagint* (Waco, TX: Baylor University Press; 2019) 671 pages; general information on the history and transmission of the Septuagint; information on each book of the Septuagint. 
* Eberhard Bons and Jan Joosten, eds. *Septuagint Vocabulary: Pre-History, Usage, Reception* (Society of Biblical Literature; 2011) 211 pages; studies of the language used
* Bart D. Ehrman. *The New Testament: A Historical Introduction to the Early Christian Writings*; 608 pages, Oxford University Press (July, 2011); 
* W. Emery Barnes, ''On the Influence of Septuagint on the Peshitta'', JTS 1901, pp.&nbsp;186–197.
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* Andreas Juckel, ''Septuaginta and Peshitta Jacob of Edessa quoting the Old Testament in Ms BL Add 17134'' JOURNAL OF SYRIAC STUDIES
* Kreuzer, Siegfried, *The Bible in Greek. Translation, Transmission, and Theology of the Septuagint*, Septuagint and Cognate Studies 63, Atlanta: SBL Press 2015.
* Timothy Michael Law, *When God Spoke Greek*, Oxford University Press, 2013.
* Hyam Maccoby. *The Mythmaker: Paul and the Invention of Christianity*; 238 pages, Barnes & Noble Books (1998); 
* Makrakis, Apostolos, *Proofs of the Authenticity of the Septuagint*, trans. by D. Cummings, Chicago, Ill.: Hellenic Christian Educational Society, 1947. *N.B*.: Published and printed with its own pagination, whether as issued separately or as included together with 2 other works of A. Makrakis in a single volume published by the same film in 1950, wherein the translator's name is identified on the common t.p. to that volume.
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* Alfred Rahlfs, ''Verzeichnis der griechischen Handschriften des Alten Testaments, für das Septuaginta-Unternehmen'', Göttingen 1914.
* Rajak, Tessa, *Translation and survival: the Greek Bible of the ancient Jewish Diaspora* (Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2009).
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## Pautan luar
**Umum**

* ''The Septuagint Online'' – Tapak komprehensif dengan perbincangan ilmiah dan pautan kepada teks dan terjemahan
* ''Institut Septuaginta''

**Teks dan terjemahan**

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* Septuagint/Old Greek Texts and Translations LXX finder, listing dozens of editions, both print and digital, in various languages and formats. A good place to start.
* Elpenor's Bilingual (Greek/English) Septuagint Old Testament Greek text (full polytonic unicode version) and English translation side by side. Greek text as used by the Orthodox Churches.
* Titus Text Collection: Vetus Testamentum graece iuxta LXX interpretes (advanced research tool)
* Septuagint published by the Church of Greece
* Plain text of the whole LXX
* Bible Resource Pages – contains Septuagint texts (with diacritics) side-by-side with English translations
* The Septuagint in Greek as a Microsoft Word document. Introduction and book abbreviations in Latin. Non-free Antioch (Vusillus Old Face, Vusillus) TrueType font file required.
* The New English Translation of the Septuagint (NETS), electronic edition
* Eastern/Greek Orthodox Bible: includes comprehensive introductory materials dealing with Septuagintal issues and an Old Testament which is an extensive revision of the Brenton with footnotes.
* Holy Orthodox Bible translated by Peter A. Papoutsis  from the Septuagint (LXX) and the Official Greek New Testament text of the Ecumenical Patriarch.
* LXX2012: Septuagint in American English 2012 – The Septuagint with Apocrypha, translated from Greek to English by Sir Lancelot C. L. Brenton and published in 1885, with some language updates by Michael Paul Johnson in 2012 (American English)