Jenis badan perniagaan

Sebuah **badan perniagaan** adalah entiti yang ditubuhkan dan ditadbir seperti undang-undang komersial untuk melibatkan diri dalam perniagaan aktiviti, kerja-kerja amal, atau aktiviti-aktiviti lain boleh dibenarkan. Selalunya, entiti perniagaan dibentuk untuk menjual produk atau perkhidmatan. Terdapat banyak jenis entiti perniagaan yang ditakrifkan dalam sistem undang-undang pelbagai negara. Ini termasuk perbadanan, kerjasama, perkongsian, peniaga tunggal, syarikat liabiliti terhad dan lain-lain jenis dibenarkan secara khusus dan dilabelkan entiti. Kaedah-kaedah tertentu berbeza-beza mengikut negara dan mengikut negeri atau wilayah. Antara jenis-jenis ini disenaraikan di bawah mengikut negara. Untuk panduan, bersamaan anggaran dalam undang-undang syarikat negara-negara berbahasa Inggeris yang diberikan dalam kebanyakan kes, contohnya
≈: syarikat awam (UK dan Ireland)
≈: Ltd. (UK dan Ireland)
≈: perkongsian terhad,
: = Perkongsian Tidak Terhad
: = Syarikat Chartered
: = Syarikat Berkanun
: = Syarikat induk
: = Anak syarikat
: = Syarikat tunggal
: = NGO
:

Walau bagaimanapun, peraturan-peraturan yang mengawal jenis tertentu entiti, malah mereka digambarkan sebagai lebih kurang sama, berbeza daripada bidang kuasa.

Apabila membuat atau penyusunan semula perniagaan, tanggungjawab undang-undang bergantung kepada jenis entiti perniagaan yang dipilih.

## [[Albania]]
*Sh.A. (Shoqeri Aksionere): ≈ plc (UK)
*Sh.p.k. (Shoqeri me pergjegjesi te kufizuar): ≈ Ltd. (UK)
*Shoqeri komandite: ≈ perkongsian terhad
*Shoqeri kolektive: ≈ perkongsian umum

## [[Argentina]]
*S.A. (Sociedad Anónima): ≈ plc (UK)
*S.R.L. (Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada): ≈ Ltd. (UK): ≈ limited liability company(USA)
*S.C.S. (Sociedad en Comandita Simple): ≈ limited partnership
*S.C.p.A. (Sociedad en Comandita por Acciones): limited partnership with shares
*Soc.Col. (Sociedad Colectiva): ≈ general partnership (USA)
*S.C.e I. (Sociedad de Capital e Industria)
*S.E. (Sociedad del Estado): ≈ state-owned enterprise
*S.G.R. (Sociedad de Garantía Reciproca)

## [[Australia]]

*Inc. (Incorporated): restricted to non-profit associations
*Ltd. (Limited): ≈ plc (UK). The suffix Ltd. may also be used by a private company limited by guarantee, such as a charity or university (these may obtain dispensation from the Registrar of Companies to operate without the suffix).
*NL (No liability): A type of mining, speculative, or research company with no right to call up the unpaid issue price of shares.
*Pty. Ltd. (Proprietary Limited Company): ≈ Ltd. (UK) ATF Trust. In Australia companies can act as a trustee for a trust.
*Pty. (Unlimited Proprietary) company with a share capital: A company, similar to its limited company (Ltd., or Pty. Ltd.) counterpart, but where the liability of the members or shareholders is not limited.

## [[Austria]]
*Gen (Genossenschaft; types: Erwerbs- und Wirtschaftsgenossenschaft): ≈ cooperative
*Privatstiftung: ≈ private foundation
*Verein: ≈ nonprofit association
*European business entities
*e.U. (eingetragenes Einzelunternehmen): ≈ sole trader (UK), sole proprietorship (US)
*Kapitalgesellschaften: ≈ companies
**AG (Aktiengesellschaft): ≈ plc (UK). Minimum capital €70,000.
**GmbH (Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung): ≈ Ltd. (UK). Minimum capital €35,000.
*Personengesellschaften: ≈ partnerships
***unincorporated (i.e. unregistered and without legal personality)*:
***stG (stille Gesellschaft): ≈ partnership by estoppel (i.e., no partnership agreement)
***GesbR (Gesellschaft des bürgerlichen Rechts): ≈ partnership by contract (i.e., formed by partnership agreement); statutes and regulations concerning Austrian companies, especially with regards to the companies register (*Firmenbuch*), do not apply.
***incorporated (i.e. registered and with legal personality)*:
***OG (offene Gesellschaft): ≈ general partnership
***KG (Kommanditgesellschaft): ≈ limited partnership
****GmbH & Co. KG: KG in which a GmbH is the general partner.
*Obsolete:
**Erwerbsgesellschaft: small-sized partnerships (not qualifying as OG or KG, respectively. Converted into OGs or KGs as of 1. 1. 2007)
***OEG (Offene Erwerbsgesellschaft): small general partnership
***KEG (Kommanditerwerbsgesellschaft): small limited partnership

See also help.gv.at (Austrian government site, in German)

## [[Belarus]]
*ААТ (Адкрытае акцыянернае таварыства Adkritaye Aktsiyanernaye Tavaristva): ≈ plc (UK), open
*ЗАТ (Закрытае ацыянернае таварыства Zakritaye Aktsiyanernaye Tavaristva): ≈ plc (UK), closed
*ІП (Індывідуяльны прадпрымальнік Individuyalni Pradprimalnik): sole proprietorship
*ПУП PUP (Прыватнае унітарнае прадпрыемства Privatnaye Unitarnaye Pradpriyemstva): private unitary enterprise
*ТАА (Таварыства з абмежаванай адказнасцю Tavaristva z Abmezhavanaj Adkaznastsiu): ≈ Ltd. (UK)

## [[Belgium]]
Dutch, French or German names may be used.

**foundations*:
** private stichting /  privée: ≈ private foundation
** stichting van openbaar nut /  d'utilité publique: ≈ public foundation

* coentreprises (*joint ventures*):
**ESV (economisch samenwerkingsverband) / GIE (groupement d'intérêt économique): ≈ economic interest grouping
**stille handelsvennootschap / société interne: ≈ contractual joint venture (i.e., no JV company is created)
**tijdelijke handelsvennootschap / société momentanée: ≈ equity joint venture (i.e., JV company is created)

*VZW (vereniging zonder winstoogmerk) / ASBL (association sans but lucratif) / VoG (Vereinigung ohne Gewinnerzielungsabsicht): ≈ nonprofit association
*vereniging in deelneming / SEP (société en participation): ≈ equity partnership
*feitelijke vereniging / société de fait: ≈ de facto partnership, partnership by estoppel

*eenmanszaak / entreprise individuelle: ≈ sole trader (UK), sole proprietorship (US)
*VOF (vennootschap onder firma) / SNC (société en nom collectif): ≈ general partnership
*Comm.V (gewone commanditaire vennootschap) / SCS (société en commandite simple): ≈ limited partnership
*Comm.VA (commanditaire vennootschap op aandelen) / SCA (société en commandite par actions): ≈ publicly traded partnership
*BVBA (besloten vennootschap met beperkte aansprakelijkheid) / SPRL (société privée à responsabilité limitée): ≈ Ltd. (UK)
**EBVBA (eenpersoons besloten vennootschap met beperkte aansprakelijkheid) / SPRLU (société privée à responsabilité limitée unipersonnelle): single member Ltd.
*NV (naamloze vennootschap) / SA (societé anonyme): ≈ plc (UK)
**co-operative companies*:
**CVBA (coöperatieve vennootschap met beperkte aansprakelijkheid) / SCRL (société coopérative à responsabilité limitée): ≈ limited liability cooperative
**CVOA (coöperatieve vennootschap met onbeperkte aansprakelijkheid) / SCRI (société coopérative à responsabilité illimitée): ≈ unlimited liability cooperative

## [[Bosnia dan Herzegovina]]
*d.d. (dioničko društvo): ≈ plc (UK) ≈ AG (Germany)
*a.d. (akcionarsko društvo): ≈ plc (UK) ≈ AG (Germany)
*d.n.o. (društvo s neograničenom solidarnom odgovornošću): ≈ general partnership
*d.o.o. (društvo s ograničenom odgovornošću): ≈ Ltd. (UK) ≈ GmbH (Germany)
*k.d. (komanditno društvo): ≈ limited partnership
*s.p. (samostalni preduzetnik): ≈ Sole proprietorship (UK)

## [[Brazil]]
*Sociedade limitada (Ltda.): ≈ Ltd. (UK)
*S.A. (Sociedade anônima): ≈ plc (UK)
*Sociedade simples: PLLC
*Sociedade em comandita simples: ≈ ordinary limited partnership
*Sociedade em nome coletivo: ≈ general partnership
*Sociedade em conta de participação: ≈ general partnership
*Sociedade em comum: ≈ general partnership
*Cooperativa ≈ cooperative
*Empresa individual (firma individual): ≈ individual proprietorship /  sole proprietorship
*Empresa Individual de Responsabilidade Limitada (EIRELI): Same as Ltd., but without partners.
*Micro empreendedor individual: ≈ individual enterprise
*Empresa pública: ≈ Government-owned corporation
*Sociedade de economia mista: ≈ Government-owned corporation
*Associação em sentido estrito (sem finalidade lucrativa): ≈ nonprofit association
*Organização não governamental: ≈ nonprofit association
*Organização da sociedade civil de interesse público: ≈ nonprofit association
*Organização social: ≈ nonprofit association
*Serviços sociais autônomos: ≈ nonprofit association
*Fundação privada: ≈ private foundation
*Fundação pública: ≈ public foundation

## [[Bulgaria]]
*AD / *АД* (aktsionerno drujestvo / *акционерно дружество*): joint stock company ≈ plc (UK)
*ADSITz / *АДСИЦ* (aktsionerno druzhestvo sus spetsialna investitsionna tsel / *акционерно дружество със специална инвестиционна цел*): real estate investment trust
*EAD / *ЕАД* (ednolichno aktsionerno druzhestvo / *еднолично акционерно дружество*): type of AD with a single member
*EOOD / *ЕООД* (ednolichno druzhestvo s ogranichena otgovornost / *еднолично дружество с ограничена отговорност*): type of OOD with a single member
*ET / *ЕТ* (ednolichen turgovetz / *едноличен търговец*): sole proprietorship
*OOD / *ООД* (drujestvo s ogranichena otgovornost / *дружество с ограничена отговорност*): ≈ Ltd. (UK)
*KD / *КД* (komanditno druzhestvo / *командитно дружество*): ≈ limited partnership
*KDA / *КДА* (komanditno druzhestvo s aktzii / *командитно дружество с акции*): limited partnership with shares
*SD / *СД* (subiratelno druzhestvo / *събирателно дружество*): ≈ general partnership, but having legal personality

## [[Kemboja]]
*SP (Sole Proprietorship)
*GP (General Partnership)
*LP (Limited Partnership)
*SM Pte Ltd. (Single Member Private Limited Company):
*Pte Ltd. (Private Limited Company): ≈ [private limited company (Ltd.)] (UK)
*Plc Ltd. (Public Limited Company): ≈ plc (UK)
*PEEC (Public Establishment with Economic characteristics)
*State Company: ≈ plc
*State Joint Venture Company: ≈ plc
*Import Export Co., Ltd

## [[Kanada]]
In Canada entities can be incorporated under either federal or provincial (or territorial) law. Unlimited liability corporations can be formed in Alberta "AULC" and Nova Scotia "NSULC".

The word or expression "Limited", *Limitée*, "Incorporated", *Incorporée*, "Corporation" or *Société par actions de régime fédéral* or the corresponding abbreviation "Ltd.", *Ltée*, "Inc.", "Corp." or *S.A.R.F.* forms part of the name of every entity incorporated under the Canada Business Corporations Act (R.S., 1985, c. C-44).  ≈ Ltd. or Plc (UK)

As an exception, entities registered prior to 1985 may continue to be designated *Société commerciale canadienne* or by the abbreviation *S.C.C.*

Under the Canada Cooperatives Act (1998, c. 1), a co-operative must have the word "cooperative", "co-operative", "coop", "co-op", *coopérative*, "united" or "pool", or another grammatical form of any of those words, as part of its name.

Unlike in many other Western countries, Canadian businesses generally only have one form of incorporation available. The aforementioned AULC and NSULC are generally not used as operating business structures, but are instead used to create favorable tax positions for either Americans investing in Canada or vice versa.

Rather, Canadian businesses are generally formed under one of the following structures:
*SP (Sole Proprietorship): No formal business structure is established
*GP (General Partnership): Either a formal structure with a partnership agreement, or an informal structure, in which case the Partnerships Act for the province will apply
*LP (Limited Partnership): An investment structure, limiting both the liability and the participation of the investor. An investor who takes an active role will be deemed a general partner, and become exposed to unlimited liability.
*Corporation
*Joint Venture: A business activity shared by two or more business entities. The joint venture's activities must be finite in terms of either time or scope.

## [[Chile]]
*SpA (Sociedad por acciones): limited partnership with shares
*EIRL (Empresa Individual de Responsabilidad Limitada): individual enterprise with limited liability
*S.A. (Sociedad Anónima): ≈ plc (UK)
* S.G.R. (Sociedad de Garantía Recíproca)
*LTDA. (Sociedad de responsabilidad limitada): ≈ Ltd. (UK)

## [[China]]
*有限公司: ≈ Ltd. (UK). See also Partnership (China).
*股份有限公司: ≈ plc (UK)

## [[Colombia]]
* **[[S.A. (corporation)|S.A.]]** (Sociedad Anónima): ≈ plc (UK), Corporation (US)
* **S.A.S.** (Sociedades por Acciones Simplificada): Similar to the French S.A.S (*societé par actions simplifiée*)
* **Ltda.** (Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada): ≈ Ltd. (UK), LLC (US)
* **S.C.** (Sociedad Colectiva): General partnership
* **S. en C.** (Comandita Simple): Limited partnership
* **S.C.A.** (Comandita por Acciones): Publicly traded partnership
* **E.U.** (Empresa Unipersonal): Sole proprietorship

## [[Croatia]]

Types of legal person business entities:

***d.d.** (dioničko društvo): ≈ plc (UK)
***d.o.o.** (društvo s ograničenom odgovornošću): ≈ Ltd. (UK); minimum capital: HRK 20,000 
***j.d.o.o.** (jednostavno društvo s ograničenom odgovornošću): simple Ltd.; minimum capital: HRK 10 (same liabilities as an Ltd., but annually has to set aside 25% of profit to collect enough equity capital to become d.o.o.)
***j.t.d.** (javno trgovačko društvo): ≈ general partnership
***k.d.** (komanditno društvo): ≈ limited partnership
***GIU** (gospodarsko interesno udruženje): economic interest grouping
***zadruga**: cooperative

Types of natural person business entities:

***obrt**: ≈ sole proprietorship; several types: *slobodni*, *vezani*, and *povlašteni obrt* (free, tied, and privileged proprietorship registered according to profession; tied and privileged proprietorships are those only master craftsmen can register,) *paušalni obrt*, *obrt-dohodaš*, *obrt-dobitaš* (flat-rate proprietorship, income tax p., profits tax p.; these are registered according to the type of taxation; first two are obligated to pay income tax and the last one is obligated to pay profits tax), *sezonski obrt* (seasonal proprietorship, that runs for a limited number of months during a year)
***ortakluk**: partnership of two or more sole proprietors
***slobodna djelatnost**: free profession; self-employment but only for certain types of professions: e.g. artists, journalists, lawyers, etc.; freelancing (similar to sole proprietors in their obligations)
***domaća radinost** and **sporedno zanimanje**: home business and side profession; limited forms of self-employment aimed at registering supplementary income from, say, small repairs or hobbies 
***OPG** (obiteljsko poljoprivredno gospodarstvo): family run agricultural business 

## [[Czech Republic|Republik Czech]]
* a.s., akc. spol. (Akciová společnost): ≈ plc (UK). Minimum share capital CZK 2m (20m for IPOs). Must have a supervisory board in addition to the management board.
* s.r.o., spol. s r.o. (Společnost s ručením omezeným): ≈ Ltd. (UK)
* v.o.s. (veřejná obchodní společnost): ≈ general partnership
* k.s. (komanditní společnost): ≈ limited partnership
* o.p.s. (obecně prospěšná společnost): ≈  One of the legal forms for non-governmental non-profit organizations

## [[Denmark]]
* Enkeltmandsvirksomhed: sole proprietorship
* Forening: ≈ association
* I/S (Interessentskab): ≈ general partnership.
* IVS (Iværksætterselskab): private limited company startup with limited equity capital. Must use 25% of profit to collect enough equity capital to become an ApS.
* ApS (Anpartsselskab): private limited company.
* A/S (Aktieselskab): public limited company.
* K/S (Kommanditselskab): limited partnership
* P/S (Partnerselskab *or* Kommanditaktieselskab): partnership limited by shares
* A.M.B.A. (Andelsselskab med begrænset ansvar): limited liability co-operative.
* F.M.B.A. (Forening med begrænset ansvar): limited liability voluntary association.
* S.M.B.A. (Selskab med begrænset ansvar): limited liability company.
* Partsrederi: A form of combined and continued ownership of a merchant vessel.
* Erhvervsdrivende fond: commercial foundation
* G/S (Gensidigt selskab): mutual organization

## [[Republik Dominika]]
*C. por A. (Compañía por Acciones), also abbreviated CXA
*S.A. (Sociedad Anónima): ≈ public limited company
*S.A.S (Sociedad Anónima Simplificada): ≈ [(Simplified public limited company)]
*SRL. (Sociedad de Resposabilidad Limitada): ≈ Limited Liability Company
*EIRL. (Empresa Individual de Responsabilidad Limitada): ≈ [(Sole proprietor Limited Liability Company)]
*Sociedad En Comandita Simple.

## [[Ecuador]]
*S.A. (Sociedad Anónima): ≈ public limited company
*C.A. (Compañía Anónima)
*Cía. Ltda. (Compañía Limitada): ≈ Limited Liability Company
*EP (Empresa Pública)

## [[Mesir]]
*SAE (Sharikat al-Mossahamah) ≈ plc (UK). Minimum capital EGP 250,000.
*LLC (Limited Liability Company) ≈ Ltd. (UK). No Minimum capital .
*Sharikat Tadamun ≈ شركة تضامن  general partnership
*Sharikat Tawssiyah Bassita ≈ شركات توصية بسيطة   limited partnership
*Sharikat Tawssiyah Belashom ≈ LLP

## [[Estonia]]
*FIE (Füüsilisest isikust ettevõtja): ≈ sole trader (UK), sole proprietorship (US)
*Partnerships:
**UÜ (Usaldusühing): ≈ limited partnership
**TÜ (Täisühing): ≈ general partnership
*Companies:
**OÜ (Osaühing): ≈ (Ltd.) private limited company (UK), (LLC) limited liability company (US)
**AS (Aktsiaselts): ≈ (PLC) public limited company (UK), corporation (US)

*Tulundusühistu: ≈ persatuan perdagangan

## [[Kawasan Ekonomi Eropah]] (termasuk [[Kesatuan Eropah]] ([[European Union|EU]]))
*Perkongsian:
**EEIG (European Economic Faedah Grouping): sebuah entiti EU undang-undang yang direka untuk membolehkan kerjasama rentas sempadan antara syarikat. Ia mempunyai liabiliti tidak terhad dan tidak bertanggungjawab ke atas cukai syarikat.
*Syarikat:
**SCE (Societas Cooperativa Europaea): Koperasi Eropah (*Societas Cooperativa Europaea* adalah Latin untuk "Koperasi Persatuan Eropah").
**SE (Societas Europaea): a European (Public) Limited Company (*Societas Europaea* is Latin for "European Company").
***(proposed)* SPE (Societas Privata Europaea): sebuah syarikat Eropah sendirian berhad, bersamaan dengan Ltd., GmbH, dan lain-lain Bentuk syarikat sedang dicadangkan oleh Suruhanjaya Eropah.

Sebuah SE atau SCE boleh diwujudkan melalui pendaftaran dalam mana-mana negara anggota EU / EEA, dan adalah tertakluk kepada Statut Syarikat Eropah. Ia boleh menempatkan semula pejabat berdaftar kepada seseorang pun dari EU / EEA Negara Anggota dengan formaliti minimum.

## [[Finland]]
*General economic entities*
*Ay (avoin yhtiö, Swedish: *öppet bolag*): ≈ general partnership (use optional)
*Ky (kommandiittiyhtiö, Swedish *kommanditbolag*, *Kb*): ≈ limited partnership
*Oy (osakeyhtiö, Swedish: *aktiebolag*, *Ab*): ≈ Ltd. (UK). Minimum share capital €2500.
*Oyj (julkinen osakeyhtiö, Swedish: *publikt aktiebolag*, *Abp*): ≈ plc (UK)
*osk (osuuskunta, Swedish: *andelslag*, *Anl.*): ≈ cooperative
*T:mi (toiminimi), Yksityinen elinkeinonharjoittaja (Swedish: *firma*/*F:ma*, *enskild näringsidkare*): sole proprietorship (use optional)

Singkatan biasanya dalam bahasa Finland, tetapi nama-nama Swedish juga boleh digunakan sama ada sebagai sedang atau dalam kombinasi dengan Finland, contohnya **Oy Yritys Ab''.

''Non-profit entities''
*[[rekisteröity yhdistys]], abbr. ry (, abbr. rf): registered [[voluntary association|association]], capable of acting as a legal person
*rekisteröity puolue, abbr. rp ): registered political party
*säätiö, abbr. rs (Swedish: ''stiftelse''): foundation
*uskonnollinen yhdyskunta (), religious community
*voluntary associations chartered by statute law (e.g. Finnish [[Red Cross]], [[National Defence Training Association of Finland]], [[Finnish Bar Association]])

''For-profit entities of public law''
*valtion liikelaitos (Swedish: ''statens affärsverk''): commercial government agency, expected to fund themselves, but debts directly backed by state funds — distinguished from regular companies where the government owns stock. (See: [[List of Finnish government enterprises]])
*kunnallinen liikelaitos (Swedish: ''kommunal affärsverk''): municipal enterprise, similar as previous but run by a [[Municipalities of Finland|municipality]]
*[[Siida|paliskunta]]: a reindeer herding corporation, governed like a stock company except that the "stocks" are reindeer

''Economic entities for special purpose''
*asunto-osakeyhtiö (), a limited liability company for the ownership, construction and maintenance of an apartment building
*julkinen keskinäinen vakuutusyhtiö, abbreviated jy (), public mutual insurance company
*keskinäinen kiinteistöosakeyhtiö (, a limited liability company for the ownership, maintenance and construction of real property.
*keskinäinen vakuutusyhtiö (), mutual insurance company
*laivaisännistöyhtiö (), a type of general partnership for the owning of a [[Cargo ship|merchantman]]
*säästöpankki (), a type of [[loans and savings association]]

''Real estate law corporations''

In the corporations of real estate law, the ownership or membership may be vested either in the real property or in a legal or natural person, depending on the corporation type. In many cases, the membership or ownership of such corporation is obligatory for a person or property that fulfils the legal requirements for membership or wishes to engage in certain activities.
*keskivedenkorkeuden muuttamista varten perustettu yhteisö (), a corporation of water law for the permanent change of the median water level
*ojitusyhteisö (), a corporation of water law for the construction and maintenance of ditches
*säännöstely-yhteisö (), a corporation of water law for the regulation of water level in a body of water
*tiekunta (), a type of limited-liability corporation for the maintenance of private road
*uittoyhteisö (), a corporation of water law for timber-floating
*vesioikeudellinen yhteisö (), a corporation of water law for a project that involves economic use of bodies of water
*yhteisalue (), a corporation for the maintenance of a real property jointly used by several other properties or persons
*yhteismetsä (), a jointly owned forest
*osakaskunta (historically "jakokunta"), a [[partition unit]], i.e. a corporation for maintenance of the commons.

In addition to native types, European Union types are implemented:

*SE (Eurooppayhtiö), [[European Company Statute|European Company]]
*SCE (Eurooppaosuuskunta), [[European Cooperative Society]]
*EEIG (Eurooppalainen taloudellinen etuyhtymä, Swedish: ''europeisk ekonomisk intressegruppering''), [[European Economic Interest Grouping]]

==[[Perancis]]==
*Micro-entreprise: special framework for [[Small business#Size definitions|minute businesses]], a recent addition to French business law -with both revenue and pre-tax net income caps, of which Auto-entrepreneur (below) is a special case
*[[Freelancer]]s, individual [[independent contractor]]s:
**Auto-entrepreneur:  ≈ [[self-employed]] (UK), [[independent contractor]] (US), a recent addition to French business law -with both a revenue cap and a specific set of derogatory [[income tax]] rates
**Profession libérale:  ≈ [[sole proprietorship]] such as a [[medical practice]], an enduring entity stemming from the protected status designed for "[[Profession|liberal professions]]" with [[Sole Trader Insolvency|unlimited personal liability]]
**[[:fr:Société d'exercice libéral|Sociétés d'exercice libéral]]: the incorporated equivalent of the latter, sole shareholder [[limited liability]] being key
**EI (Entreprise individuelle/entreprise en nom personnel):
**EURL, SASU (U- unipersonnelle): limited liability, sole shareholder [[limited company|Ltd. company]] (UK) or single member close corporation
*[[Investment fund]]s/companies:
**FCP ([[Fond commun de placement]]): unincorporated investment fund
**Société d'investissement à capital fixe: ≈ [[investment trust]] (UK); [[closed-end fund]] (CEF), closed-end company (US); listed investment company (LIC) (Au)
**SICAV (Société d'investissement à capital variable): ≈ investment company with variable capital (ICVC), [[open-ended investment company]] (OEIC) (UK); [[mutual fund]], open-end company (US)
*GIE (Groupement d'intérêt économique): economic interest grouping
*Association: ≈ [[voluntary association|nonprofit association]]
**Association non-déclarée: ≈ unincorporated association (UK)
**Association déclarée: ≈ incorporated association (Au)
*Partnerships (''société de personnes''):
**SEP (Société en participation): ≈ equity partnership
**SNC (Société en nom collectif): ≈ [[general partnership]] (GP)
**SCS (Société en commandite simple): ≈ [[limited partnership]] (LP)
**SCA (Société en commandite par actions): ≈ publicly traded partnership (PTP) (US)
*Companies (''société de capitaux''):
**[[Société à responsabilité limitée|SARL]], SàRL (Société à responsabilité limitée): ≈ private limited company ([[Ltd.]]) (UK), [[limited liability company]] (US)
***EURL (Entreprise unipersonnelle à responsabilité limitée): ≈ single shareholder limited company (SME Pvt) (UK)
**stock companies (''société par actions'')
***[[S.A. (corporation)|SA]] (Société anonyme): ≈ public limited company ([[public limited company|plc]]) (UK), [[corporation]] (US/Can)
****[[Société coopérative|SCOP]] (Société coopérative de production): ≈ cooperative corporation (Can)
****SEM (Société d'économie mixte): ≈ [[government-owned corporation]]
***[[Société par actions simplifiée|SAS]] (Société par actions simplifiée): ≈ unlisted public company (Au), close corporation (CC) (S. Africa), private corporation (Can); often used for [[subsidiary|subsidiaries]]; minimum of one director and two members/shareholders; no limit on share capital; liability can be restricted to director; no "one share - one vote" principle

==[[Jerman]]==
*Einzelunternehmen: individual entrepreneur ≈ sole trader (UK), [[sole proprietorship]] (US)
*e.K./e.Kfm./e.Kfr. (eingetragener Kaufmann/eingetragene Kauffrau): registered entrepreneur ≈ sole trader (UK), [[sole proprietorship]] (US)
*Partenreederei: A form of combined and continued ownership of a single merchant vessel.
*e.G. (eingetragene Genossenschaft): ≈ [[cooperative]]
*e.V. (eingetragener Verein): ≈ [[Voluntary association|association]]

*Perkongsian (''Personengesellschaften'')
**GbR (Gesellschaft bürgerlichen Rechts): no minimum capital, two or more partner, unlimited liability of partners.
**Innengesellschaft: ≈ anonymous partnership (S. Africa)
**registered business partnerships (''Personenhandelsgesellschaften'')
***OHG (offene Handelsgesellschaft): ≈ [[general partnership]]; no minimum capital, unlimited liability of partners.
***KG ([[Kommanditgesellschaft]]): ≈ [[limited partnership]]
***In case the general partner is a limited company, the legal form of the general partner must be included in the name of the company, resulting in combined legal forms such as:
****GmbH & Co. KG: the general partner is a GmbH
****AG & Co. KG: the general partner is an AG
****GmBH & Co. OHG: each of the general partners are a GmbH
**PartG (Partnerschaftsgesellschaft): ≈ professional (service) partnership

*Syarikat terhad (''Kapitalgesellschaften'')
**KGaA ([[Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien]]): ≈ publicly traded partnership (US)
***Although it is a ''Kapitalgesellschaft'' ≈ limited company, the KGaA has at least one general partner whose liability is not limited
***As with the KG, the legal form of the general partner must be included if it is another limited company, resulting in combined legal forms such as:
****GmbH & Co. KGaA: the general partner is a GmbH
****AG & Co. KGaA: the general partner is an AG
**GmbH () ([[Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung]]): ≈ [[private limited company]] ([[Ltd.]]) (UK), [[limited liability company]] (LLC) (US). Minimum capital €25,000.
***If under the trade name "Unternehmergesellschaft (haftungsbeschränkt)", its minimum capital is €1 (times the number of shares).
*** The "mit beschränkter Haftung (mbH)" suffix () ("with limited liability") is sometimes added to the name of a firm that already ends in "-gesellschaft" ("company"), e.g., "Mustermann Dental-Handelsgesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung" ("dental trading company with limited liability"), which would be abbreviated as "Mustermann Dental-Handelsgesellschaft mbH".

**[[Aktiengesellschaft|AG]] (Aktiengesellschaft): ≈ [[public limited company]] (plc) (UK), corporation (US). Minimum capital €50,000.

==[[Yunani]]==
*A.E. (Anónimi Etería / Ανώνυμη Εταιρεία, Α.Ε.): ≈ [[public limited company|plc]] (UK), minimum capital €24,000
** A.V.E.E. (Anónimi Viomihanikí Emborikí Etería / Ανώνυμη Βιομηχανική Εμπορική Εταιρεία, Α.Β.Ε.Ε.)
*E.E. (Eterórithmi Etería / Ετερόρρυθμη Εταιρία, Ε.Ε.): [[limited partnership]]
*E.P.E. (Etería Periorisménis Euthínis / Εταιρεία Περιορισμένης Ευθύνης, Ε.Π.Ε.): ≈ [[Ltd.]] (UK), minimum capital €4,500
** M.E.P.E. (Monoprósopi Etería Periorisménis Euthínis / Μονοπρόσωπη Ε.Π.Ε., Μ.Ε.Π.Ε.): type of E.P.E. with a single member
*O.E. (Omórithmi Etería / Ομόρρυθμη Εταιρεία, Ο.Ε.): [[general partnership]]
** O.V.E.E. (Omórithmi Viomihanikí Emborikí Etería / Ομόρρυθμη ��ιομηχανική Εμπορική Εταιρεία, Ο.Β.Ε.Ε.)
*I.K.E. (Idiotiki kefaleouhiki Eteria / Ιδιωτική Κεφαλαιουχική Εταιρεία) = Private Company, minimum capital=€0. The shares do not take the form just of capital but also warranties, labor offer etc. This form is a composite form between A.E. E.P.E and O.E. which is greatly affected by the Articles of Incorporation.

==[[Guatemala]]==
*y Cía. S. C. (Sociedad Colectiva)
*y Cía. S. en C. (Sociedad en Comandita Simple)
*Cía. Ltda. (Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada)
*S. A. (Sociedad Anónima)
*Cía. S. C. A (Sociedad en Comandita por Acciones)

==[[Haiti]]==
*Standardized Company; Legal Form, Sociedad Anónima (SA) – Stock Corporation; Minimum Capital Requirement, 25,000

==[[Hong Kong]]==
*Ltd (Limited/有限公司): may denote either a [[private company limited by shares|private]] or [[public company]] limited by shares, or a [[company limited by guarantee]]. Under the Companies Ordinance, the name of a Hong Kong incorporated company may be registered in English, Chinese, or both.

* Unltd or Ultd (Unlimited/無限公司): similar to a limited liability company (Ltd) but whose members or shareholders do not benefit from limited liability should the company ever go into formal [[liquidation]]. It is not a requirement under company law to add or state the word or designation Unlimited (無限公司) or its abbreviations (Unltd or Ultd) at the ending of its legal company name, and most [[unlimited company|unlimited companies]] do not.

==[[Hungary]]==
*e.v. (egyéni vállalkozó): [[sole proprietorship]]
*e.c. (egyéni cég): [[sole proprietorship]] registered at "companies house"
*bt. (betéti társaság): partnership, at least one unlimited/general partner and one limited partner
*kkt. (közkereseti társaság): ≈ [[general partnership]]
*kft. (korlátolt felelősségű társaság): ≈ [[Ltd.]] (UK)
**kht. (közhasznú társaság): community interest [[Ltd.]] (UK) (not registrable anymore, must use nonprofit kft. instead)
*kv. (közös vállalat): [[joint venture]]
*rt. (részvénytársaság) limited company with shares (not registrable anymore, must use zrt. or nyrt. depending on publicness):
**zrt. (zártkörűen működő részvénytársaság): ≈ [[private company limited by shares|Ltd.]] (UK)
**nyrt. (nyilvánosan működő részvénytársaság): ≈ [[public limited company|plc]] (UK)

Of these, only nyrt., zrt., the formerly used rt., and kft. have [[legal personality]].

==[[Iceland]]==


==[[India]]==

*Sole Proprietorship - liability is unlimited.
**No registration.
*Partnership - liability is joint and unlimited.
**Registration not compulsory.
**Active partners take part in day-to-day operations of the business, in addition to investing in it. Active partners are entitled to a share of the enterprise's profits.
**Sleeping partners invest in the business and are entitled to a share of its profits, but do not participate in day-to-day operations.
*[[Limited Liability Partnership]] - Liability is limited
*[[Hindu joint family|HUF (Hindu Undivided Family)]] - businesses owned by a [[joint family]] belonging to [[Hindu]] religion. Even though [[Jain]] and [[Sikh]] families are not governed by the Hindu law, they can still form a HUF.
*[[Cooperative]]
* Dormant company - A company which has been created for a future project or for holding assets including intellectual property of the company
*[[Family business|Family Owned Business]]
*Pvt. Ltd. (Private Limited Company): ≈ [[Ltd.]] (UK). May have 2–200 shareholders; shares are held privately and can not be offered to public.
* Small company - A company other than a public company whose paid up share capital is not more than 50 lakh rupees and turnover does not exceed two crore rupees.
*Ltd. (Public Limited Company): ≈ [[public limited company|plc]] (UK)
*Public Sector Unit (PSU) - Alternatively known as Public Sector Enterprise (PSE). It may be public limited company listed on stock exchanges with major ownership by a state government or a central government of India or it may be unlisted entity with major ownership by a state government or a central government of India. Some of these entities are formed as business entities through special legislation, where these entities are governed by the statutes of these legislation and may or may not be governed by company laws like a typical business entity.
*One person company - It is a type of private company which can have only one director and member.
*[[Unlimited Company]]. A company, similar to its limited company (Ltd., or Pvt. Ltd.) counterpart, but where the liability of the members or shareholders is not limited.
*Incorporated Company

==[[Indonesia]]==
*Yayasan: [[Foundation (nonprofit organization)|foundation]]
*UD (Usaha Dagang): [[sole proprietorship]]
*Fa (Firma): a partnership firm for the purpose of dealing with third parties.
*Koperasi: a [[cooperative]], where the clients/customers are also the owner
*Maatschap (Persekutuan Perdata): a professional partnership, where the partners are treated as natural persons for tax and liability purposes e.g. Kantor Akuntan Publik Siddharta, Siddharta & Wijaya.
*Persekutuan Komanditer (Dutch: CV – Commanditaire Vennootschaap): [[limited partnership]]
*Perum (Perusahaan Umum), Perjan (Perusahaan Jawatan): state-owned entities e.g. Perum Peruri, Perjan Rumah Sakit Fatmawati
*Persero: state-owned or majority state-owned PT Tbk or PT, e.g. PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk
*PT (Perseroan Terbatas): ≈ [[Ltd.]] (UK), e.g. PT Astra Honda Motor
*PT Tbk (Perseroan Terbatas Terbuka or Perseroan Terbuka): ≈ [[public limited company|plc]] (UK). Listed on the [[Indonesia Stock Exchange]], e.g. PT Multi Bintang Indonesia Tbk. Formerly also [[Dutch language|Dutch]] NV ([[Naamloze vennootschap|Naamloze Vennootschap]])

==[[Iran]]==
*شرکت سهامی عام (''Sherkat Sahami Am''): ≈ [[public limited company|plc]] (UK), public
*شرکت سهامی خاص (''Sherkat Sahami Khas''): ≈ [[public limited company|plc]] (UK), private
*شرکت با مسئولیت محدود (''Sherkat ba Masouliyat Mahdoud''): ≈ [[Ltd.]] (UK)
*شرکت مختلط غیر سهامی (''Sherkat Mokhtalet Gheyr Sahami''): ≈ [[limited partnership]]
*شرکت مختلط سهامی (''Sherkat Mokhtalet Sahami''): mixed joint-stock partnership
*شرکت تضامنی (''Sherkat Tazamoni''): ≈ [[general partnership]]
*شرکت نسبی (''Sherkat Nasabi''): proportional liability partnership
* شرکت تعاونی تولید و مصرف (''Sherkat Ta’avoni Tolid va Masraf''): production and consumption cooperative

==[[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]==
Similar to [[#United Kingdom|United Kingdom]] below, though without the class ''Community Interest Company''. There were two forms of Company Limited by Guarantee, but only the form ''without a share capital'' is now used. [[Irish language|Irish]] names may also be used, such as ''cpt'' (cuideachta phoibli theoranta) for plc, and ''Teo'' (Teoranta) for Ltd.
*Limited Company – Four types:
**Private company limited by shares – If company is wound up, members' liability is limited to the amount, if any, unpaid on the shares they hold. Maximum number of members in the Republic of Ireland is 99.
**Company limited by guarantee not having a share capital - Public company. Must have at least seven members. Members' liability limited to amount they have undertaken to contribute to company assets. If wound up, liability does not exceed amount specified in memorandum. If a guarantee company does not have a share capital, members are not required to buy shares (such as charities).
**Company limited by guarantee having a share capital - As with a private company if the maximum number of members is 99. Members have liability either for the amount, if any, that is unpaid on the shares they hold, or for the amount they have undertaken to contribute to company assets, in the event that it is wound up.
**A public limited company. Must have at least seven members. Liability is limited to the amount, if any, unpaid on shares they hold. Unlawful to issue any form of prospectus except in compliance with the Companies Acts 1963–2006. Nominal value of Company's allotted share capital must satisfy specified minimums which must be fully paid before company commences business or exercises any borrowing powers.
*Single Member Company – Private company limited by shares or a guarantee company having a share capital, which is incorporated with one member, or whose membership is reduced to one person. Must have at least two directors and one secretary. Sole member can dispense with holding General Meetings including Annual General Meetings.
*Unlimited Company - No limit on liability of members. Creditors may have recourse to shareholders for unpaid liabilities of the company. Must have at least two shareholders.
*Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities (UCITS) - Public limited companies formed under EU Regulation and the Companies Acts 1963–2006. Sole object of a UCIT is collective investment in transferable securities of capital raised from the public that operates on the principle of risk-spreading. Central Bank of Ireland must approve all registrations of UCITS.

==[[Israel]]==
*B.M./BM/בע"מ (Be'eravon Mugbal) literally: by limited liability/warranty, usually translated "Ltd." in English, pronounced "BE'AM" in Hebrew.
*Company (corporation) - Formed and registered in Israel in accordance with Israeli law. Most companies limit liability of their members in the form of shares. In this case the term "Limited" or the abbreviation "Ltd." must appear as part of the full name of the Company.
**Private Company, 1-50 shareholders, 1 director, may not offer or sell stock or debentures to the public. Articles must containt restriction on transfer of shares.
**Public Company, minimum 7 shareholders, may offer stock or debentures to the public after issuing a prospectus with specified information. Must publish annual report that includes audited financial statements and directors' report, filed with Register of Companies, available to the public.
*Foreign Company (branch) - Company formed overseas may have a branch or local office in Israel. Must register as a foreign company with Register of Companies within one month of its establishment. If the company uses "limited" as part of its name, it must display its name and the country where it is formed in every invoice, letter, announcement, advertisement, or other official publication. No requirement to publish financial statements of a private company.
*Partnership - Entity that consists of persons who contract to form a partnership. Personal liability of the partners is not limited unless they are limited partners of limited partnerships. A foreign partnership is also permitted to do business in Israel.
*Self-employed - A self-employed person works entirely for him/herself and is entirely liable for the business. Same rules of registration apply.
*Cooperative - Entity found mainly in agriculture (such as a kibbutz or moshav), or transportation, or certain types of marketing operations associated with agricultural products.
*Non profit organization - Mainly academic institutions, hospitals, charitable organizations, and municipalities. Non profits are subject to a special law governing their formation and operations.

==[[Itali]]==
*Forme individuali:
**Artigiano
**Lavoratore autonomo
**Libero professionista
**Imprenditore ≈  [[sole trader]] (UK), [[sole proprietorship]] (US)
*Società di persone (Partnerships):
**S.s. (Società semplice): ≈  [[general partnership]] (non commercial)
**S.n.c. (Società in nome collettivo): ≈ [[general partnership]] (commercial)
**S.a.s (Società in accomandita semplice): ≈ [[limited partnership]]
*Società di capitali (Companies):
**S.p.a. (Società per azioni): ≈ [[joint-stock company]], [[public limited company|plc]] (UK), [[corporation]] (US)
**S.a.p.a (Società in accomandita per azioni): ≈ publicly traded partnership
**S.r.l. (Società a responsabilità limitata): ≈ [[Ltd.]] (UK), [[Limited liability company|LLC]] (US)
*Cooperative:
**S.c.r.l. (Società cooperativa a responsabilità limitata) cooperative limited (liability) company

==[[Jepun]]==
Business corporations are referred to as ''kaisha'' (会社) and are formed under the Companies Law of 2005. There are currently (2015) 4 types and each of them has legal personality:
*株式会社 (''[[kabushiki kaisha|kabushiki-kaisha]]'' or ''kabushiki-gaisha'', "K.K.") - lit. "stock company," the most typical form of business corporation.
*有限会社 (''[[yugen kaisha|yūgen-kaisha]]'' or ''yūgen-gaisha'', "Y.K.") - lit. "limited company," a close corporation form for smaller businesses, abolished in 2006
*合同会社 (''[[godo kaisha|gōdō-kaisha]]'' or ''gōdō-gaisha'', "G.K.") - lit. "amalgamated company," a close corporation form similar to the American LLC, introduced in 2006, used instead of abolished "Y.K."
*合名会社 (''gōmei-kaisha'' or ''gōmei-gaisha'', "GMK") - corporation similar to a general partnership
*合資会社 (''gōshi-kaisha'' or ''gōshi-gaisha'', "GSK") - corporation similar to a limited partnership
Partnerships are referred to as ''kumiai'' (組合). Each of these 4 types has no legal personality though other corporations, which include "''kumiai''" in their name, have:
*任意組合 (''nin'i kumiai'', "NK") - general partnership (Civil Code)
*匿名組合 (''[[tokumei kumiai]]'', "TK") - anonymous partnership, an investment bilateral contract (Commercial Code, Book 2 Ch.4 Article 535 et seq)
*投資事業有限責任組合 (''[[Limited partnership#Japan|tōshi jigyō yūgen sekinin kumiai]]'') - limited partnership for investment (Limited Partnership for Investment Act 1998, Rev.2004)
*有限責任事業組合 (''[[Limited liability partnership|yūgen sekinin jigyō kumiai]]'') - similar to a Limited Liability Partnership (Limited Liability Partnership Act of 2005)

==[[Jordan]]==
*Partnership (''[[General Partnership Company]]'').
*Limited Liability (''[[Limited Liability Company]]'').
*Limited Liability in Shares (''[[Limited Liability in Shares]]'').
*Public Shareholding (''[[Public listed stock company]]'').
*Private Shareholding Companies (''[[Private listed stock company]]'').
*Foreign Company (''[[None Jordanian company operating in Jordan]]'').

==[[Kazakhstan]]==
*АО (Aktsionernoe obschestvo/[[:ru:Акционерное общество|Акционерное общество]]): Joint stock company
*ТОО (Tovarishchestvo s ogranichennoy otvetstvennostyu/[[:ru:Товарищество с ограниченной ответственностью|Товарищество с ограниченной ответственностью]]): limited liability partnership
*TDO/ТДО (Tovarishchestvo s dopolnitelnoyu otvetstvennostyu/Товарищество с дополнительной ответственностью) Additional liability partnership
*GP/ГП (Gosudarstvenoe predpriyatie/[[:ru:Государственное предприятие|Государственное предприятие]]): State company
*КТ (Komanditnoe Tovarishchestvo; Командитное товарищество)
*ОО (Obshestvennoe Obedinenie / Общественное объединение) Social association
*PT/ПТ (Polnoe Tovarishchestvo / Полное товарищество) Full partnership
*PtK/ПтК (Potrebibitelskii Kooperativ / Потребительский кооператив)
*PrK/ПрК (Proizvodstvenni Kooperativ / Производственный кооператив)
*РО (Relitioznoe Obedinenie / Религиозное объединение)
*Ur/Учр (Urezdenie/Учреждение)

==Korea Utara==


==[[Korea Selatan]]==
*주식회사 or 株式會社 (''jusik hoesa''): ≈ [[public limited company|plc]] (UK)
*유한회사 or 有限會社 (''yuhan hoesa''): ≈ [[Ltd.]] (UK)
*합자회사 or 合資會社 (''hapja hoesa''): corporation similar to a [[limited partnership]]
*합명회사 or 合名會社 (''hapmyeong hoesa''): corporation similar to a [[general partnership]]

==[[Latvia]]==
*SIA (Sabiedrība ar ierobežotu atbildību): ≈ [[Ltd.]] (UK)
*AS (Akciju sabiedrība): ≈ [[public limited company|plc]] (UK)
*IK (Individuālais komersants): ≈ [[sole proprietorship]]
*PS (Pilnsabiedrība)
*KS (Komandītsabiedrība): ≈ [[limited partnership]]
*ĀKF (Ārzemju komersanta filiāle): branch of a foreign enterprise
*BO (Bezpeļņas organizācija): ≈ [[nonprofit organization]]

==[[Lebanon]]==
*[[Société anonyme libanaise|s.a.l.]] (Société Anonyme Libanaise ): a form of a [[joint stock company]]
*[[Sàrl|S.A.R.L.]] (Société à responsabilité limitée): a form of a [[Limited Liability Company]]
*[[Partnership]]
# S.N.C.(Société en Nom Collectif): General partnership 
# S.C.S.(Société en Commandite Simple): Partnership in commendam
*[[Holding Company]]
*[[Offshore company]]
*Branch of Foreign Company
*Representative Office

==[[Lithuania]]==
*UAB (Uždaroji akcinė bendrovė): ≈ [[Ltd.]] (UK)
*AB (Akcinė bendrovė): ≈ [[public limited company|plc]] (UK)
*VšĮ (Viešoji įstaiga): ≈ [[non-profit organization]]
*IĮ (Individuali įmonė): ≈ personal enterprise
*Individuali veikla = [[sole proprietorship]] (does not possess legal personality of its own)
*TŪB (Tikroji ūkinė bendrija): ≈ [[general partnership]]
*KŪB (Komanditinė ūkinė bendrija): ≈ [[limited partnership]]
*MB (Mažoji bendrija) : ≈ [[small partnership]]

==[[Luxembourg]]==
*[[S.A. (corporation)|S.A.]] (Société anonyme): ≈ [[public limited company|plc]] (UK)
*[[Sàrl|S.A.R.L.]] (Société à responsabilité limitée): ≈ [[Ltd.]] (UK)
*Société en commandite simple (SECS): ≈ [[limited partnership]]

==[[Macedonia]]==
*A.D./А.Д. (Akcionersko Društvo/ Акционерско друштво): ≈ [[public limited company|plc]] (UK) or [[Joint-stock company]]
*D.O.O./Д.О.О. (Društvo so Ograničena Odgovornost/ Друштво со ограничена одговорност): ≈ [[Ltd.]] (UK)
*D.O.O.E.L./Д.О.О.Е.Л. (Društvo so Ograničena Odgovornost od Edno Lice / Друштво со ограничена одговорност основано од едно лице): type of DOO with a single member
*K.D./К.Д. (Komanditno Društvo /Командитно друштво): ≈ [[limited partnership]]
*K.D.A./К.Д.А. (Komanditno Društvo so Akcie /Командитно друштво со акции): ≈ limited partnership with shares
*J.T.D./Ј.Т.Д. (Javno Trgovsko Društvo /Јавно трговско друштво): ≈ [[General partnership]]

==[[Malaysia]]==
*[[Berhad|Bhd.]] (Berhad): ≈ [[Public limited company|plc]] (UK)
*[[Sendirian Berhad|Sdn. Bhd.]] (Sendirian Berhad): ≈ [[Private company limited by shares|Ltd.]] (UK)

==[[Mexico]]==

;Business entities according to the "Ley General de Sociedades Mercantiles" (General Law of Business entities)
*S.A. ([[Sociedad Anónima]]): ≈ [[public limited company|plc]] (UK)
*S. de R.L.(Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada): ≈ [[Ltd.]] (UK)
*Associates name and "y compañía" or Associates name and "y sucesores"(Sociedad en Nombre Colectivo): ≈ [[general partnership]]
*S. en C. (Sociedad en Comandita Simple): ≈ [[limited partnership]]
*S. en C. por A. (Sociedad en Comandita por Acciones): ≈ [[master limited partnership]]

Note: Any of these entities can be incorporated as a "Capital Variable" entity, in which case has to add the " de C.V." sufix to its company name. Example:  "S.A. de C.V.", "S. de R.L. de C.V."

;Business entities according to the "Ley del Mercado de Valores" (Stock Market Law)
*S.A.B. (Sociedad Anónima Bursátil)
*S.A.P.I. (Sociedad Anónima Promotora de Inversión)

==[[Mongolia]]==
*ХК (Khuvitsaat Kompani/Хувьцаат Компани): ≈ joint stock company
*ХХК (Khyazgaarlagdmal Khariutslagatai Kompani/ Хязгаарлагдмал Хариуцлагатай Компани): ≈ [[public limited company|p.l.c]] (UK) limited liability company
*ТББ (Teriin vus Vaigruullaga/Төрийн Бус Байгууллага):≈ non governmental organization

==[[Namibia]]==
*Close Corporation*
*Companies (Private, Public and Section 21)*
*Sole Trader*
*Partnership*
*Trusts*
*Co-operatives*

==[[Nepal]]==
*Private Limited Company: Liability, limited by shares; Name, cannot be deceptively similar to another registered company; Management, at least 1 director; Shareholders, limited to 1-50 excluding persons who are employed by company, prohibition against any invitation to the public to subscribe for shares; Founders, 1-50; Nationality, Nepalese company; Company purpose, any lawful purpose except industry on Negative List; Formation, file Memorandum and Articles of Association with Registrar of Companies.
*Public Limited Company: Liability, limited by shares; Name, cannot be deceptively similar to another registered company; Management, at least 3 directors; Shareholders, minimum 7, no maximum, share subscription by public pursuant to a prospectus that complies with Companies Act of 2007 and Securities Act; a Private Limited Company can convert to Public Limited Company by complying with Companies Act of 2007; Founders, minimum 7; Nationality, Nepalese company; Company purpose, any lawful purpose except industry on Negative List; Formation, file Memorandum and Articles of Association with Registrar of Companies.
*Branch: Liability, main company remains liable; Name, same as main company; Nationality, foreign company; Company purpose, any lawful purpose except industry on Negative List; Formation, file Memorandum and Articles of Association with Registrar of Companies, plus permission to work in Nepal by concerned authority; Founders, main branch.

==[[Belanda]]==
*Stichting: ≈ [[Foundation (non-profit)|foundation]]. Can run a business. No profit distribution to founders or board members.
*''mutual societies'' (associations which are allowed to pay dividends to their members; liability may be unlimited (W.A. - Wettelijke Aansprakelijkheid), limited (B.A. - Beperkte Aansprakelijkheid) or exempt (U.A. - Uitsluiting van Aansprakelijkheid)):
**Coöperatie: ≈ co-operative society
**Onderlinge waarborgmaatschappij: ≈ mutual insurance company
*Mts (Maatschap): ≈ group practice (of professionals, e.g. doctors, accountants, lawyers); share facilities not profits, members are treated as natural persons for tax and liability purposes.
*Eenmanszaak: ≈ [[sole trader]] (UK), [[sole proprietorship]] (US)

*''incorporated entities'':
**vof (Vennootschap onder firma): ≈ [[general partnership|GP]]
**cv (Commanditaire vennootschap): ≈ [[limited partnership|LP]]
**[[Besloten Vennootschap|bv]] (Besloten vennootschap): ≈ [[Ltd.]] (UK), [[Limited liability company|LLC]] (US). Shares are privately registered and not freely transferable. The name means "closed company", stemming from the fact that the (group of) shareholder(s) is cannot be changed without consent from the majority of shareholder(s).
**[[Naamloze Vennootschap|nv]] (Naamloze vennootschap): ≈ [[public limited company|plc]] (UK), [[corporation|Corp.]] (US). Minimum issued share capital upon incorporation: €45,000. Literally translated, the title has the "nameless company", owing to the fact that shareholders are not formally known as such in company statutes and other legal documents.

Companies are registered on the Companies Register and with a regional [[Chamber of Commerce]].

==[[New Zealand]]==
*Ltd (Limited): ≈ [[public limited company|plc]] or [[Ltd.]] (UK). Names of limited liability companies that were registered under the Companies Act 1993 (but not those that were registered under the Companies Act 1955) must end with the word "Limited", the words "Tāpui (Limited)", or the suffix "Ltd".
*[[Look-through company]]

==[[Nicaragua]]==
The Commercial Code establishes the following types of companies:
*S.A.: Sociedad Anónima
*Cia.: Sociedad en Nombre Colectivo
*Cia. Ltda.: Sociedad en Nombre Colectivo de Responsabilidad Limitada
*S.C.S.: Sociedad en Comandita Simple
*S.C.A.: Sociedad en Comandita por Acciones

==[[Nigeria]]==
*Limited (Ltd.): a private company limited by shares
*Public Limited Company (PLC): a public company limited by shares
*Limited by Guarantee (Ltd./Gte.): a company limited by guarantee (non-profit company)
*[[Unlimited company|Unlimited]] (ULtd.): A company with a share capital, similar to its limited company (Ltd., or PLC.) counterparts, but where the liability of the members or shareholders is not limited.

==[[Norway]]==
*[[Allmennaksjeselskap|ASA]] (Allmennaksjeselskap): ≈ [[public limited company|plc]] (UK). Minimum capital [[Norwegian krone|NOK]] 1,000,000
*[[Aksjeselskap|AS]] (Aksjeselskap): ≈ [[Ltd.]] (UK). Minimum capital NOK 30,000.
*[[Ansvarlig selskap|ANS]] (Ansvarlig selskap): [[general partnership]] with mutual liability
*[[Selskap med begrenset ansvar|BA]] (Selskap med begrenset ansvar): cooperatives and companies created by legislatation
*[[Borettslag|BL]] (Borettslag): housing share company
*[[Selskap med delt ansvar|DA]] (Selskap med delt ansvar): general partnership with apportioned liability
*[[Enkeltpersonforetak]]: sole proprietorship
*[[Etat]]: state, county or municipal agency
*[[Kommunalt foretak|FKF]] (Fylkeskommunalt foretak): county enterprise
*[[Health Trust|HF]] (helseforetak): subsidiary health enterprise
*[[Interkommunalt selskap|IKS]] (Interkommunalt selskap): inter-municipal enterprise (owners' liability)
*[[Kommunalt foretak|KF]] (Kommunalt foretak): municipal enterprise (owner's liability)
*[[Kommandittselskap|KS]] (Kommandittselskap): ≈ [[limited partnership]]
*[[Norskregistrert utenlandsk foretak|NUF]] (Norskregistrert utenlandsk foretak): foreign enterprise registered in Norway
*[[Regional health authority (Norway)|RHF]] (regionalt helseforetak): regional health enterprise
*[[Statsforetak|SF]] (Statsforetak): state enterprise
*[[Sparebank]]: savings bank
*[[Stiftelse]]: a [[Foundation (nonprofit organization)|foundation]], with capital but without members or shareholders. It is allowed to make a profit, but is more suited for non-commercial purposes.

==[[Oman]]==
* SAOG (Société Anonyme Omanaise Générale) Public Joint Stock Company
* SAOC (Société Anonyme Omanaise Close) Closed Joint Stock Company

==[[Pakistan]]==
*Ltd. (Limited): ≈ [[public limited company|plc]] (UK)
*SME Pvt(ltd): Single member company
*Pvt. Ltd. (Private Limited Company): ≈ [[Ltd.]] (UK)
*[[Unlimited company]]. A company, similar to its limited company (Ltd., or Pvt. Ltd.) counterpart, but where the liability of the members or shareholders is not limited.

==[[Peru]]==
*[[S.A. (corporation)|S.A.]] (Sociedad Anónima): ≈ [[public limited company|plc]] (UK)
*Sociedad Anónima Abierta (S.A.A.): To qualify to register as an S.A.A., a company must meet one or more conditions laid down in Article 249 of Peru's General Corporation Law. Those conditions state there must be a primary public offering of shares or convertible bonds in stocks, which are held by more than 750 shareholders, more than 35% of its capital belonging to 175 shareholders, or that all shareholders entitled to vote approve the adjustment to the scheme. The S.A.A. is then audited by the Comisión Nacional Supervisora de Empresas y Valores (CONASEV).

==[[Filipina]]==
*Co. (Company): boleh digunakan untuk [[perkongsian umum]]
*Coop. (Cooperative)
*Corp. (Corporation)
*Ent. (Enterprise) - Usahawan
*Inc. (Incorporated)
*LLC (Limited Liability Company)
*Ltd. (Limited), Ltd. Co. (Limited Company): untuk [[perkongsian terhad]]

Older forms (now rarely used)
*Cía (Compañía): untuk perkongsian dan lain-lain bentuk perniagaan semasa pemerintahan Sepanyol
*[[S.A. (corporation)|SA]] (Sociedad Anónima): yang ditubuhkan di bawah pemerintahan Sepanyol

==[[Poland]]==
*jednoosobowa działalność gospodarcza: [[sole proprietorship]]
*Przedsiębiorstwo Państwowe: state enterprise (has [[legal personality]])
*[[S.A. (corporation)|S.A.]] (spółka akcyjna): ≈ [[public limited company|plc]] (UK). Minimum share capital PLN 100,000 (approx. €25,000)(has [[legal personality]]).
*s.c. (spółka cywilna): "civil partnership", not a partnership or a company, but rather an agreement on the sharing of profits, losses and ownership of a business. Can be likened to a [[voluntary association]].
*S.K.A. (spółka komandytowo-akcyjna): limited partnership with shares. Minimum share capital [[zloty|PLN]] 50,000 (approx. €12,500).
*sp.j. (spółka jawna): ≈ [[general partnership]]
*sp.k. (spółka komandytowa): ≈ [[limited partnership]]
*sp.p. (spółka partnerska): ≈ [[limited liability partnership]] May also be denoted by the addition of ''i partner(zy)'' ("and partner(s)") to the firm's name. Can only be used for the purpose of practicing as a licensed professional listed in the appropriate provision of the Commercial Companies Code. The partners are fully liable for the partnership's debts, with the exception of debts incurred by other partners practicing their licensed profession and employees under their direction.
*[[The (polish) limited liability company (sp. z o.o.)|Sp. z o.o.]] (spółka z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością): ≈ [[Ltd.]] (UK). Minimum share capital [[zloty|PLN]] 5,000 (approx. €1,250)(has [[legal personality]]).
*Spółdzielnia: ≈ [[cooperative]]. Has legal personality. May also be denoted by the word ''Spółdzielczy'' in the firm's name(has [[legal personality]]).

<small>References: (Polish) Commercial Companies Code of 15 September 2000 (Dz.U. N<sup>o</sup> 94 item 1037 as amended); (Polish) Civil Code of 23 April 1964 (Dz.U. N<sup>o</sup> 16 item 93 as amended); (Polish) Law on Cooperatives of 16 September 1982 (Dz.U. 2003 N<sup>o</sup> 188 item 1848 as amended)</small>

==[[Portugal]]==
*CRL (Cooperativa de Responsabilidade Limitada): limited liability [[cooperative]]
*[[S.A. (corporation)|S.A.]] (Sociedade Anónima): ≈ [[public limited company|plc]] (UK), and these are further classified as:
**S.A., Sociedade Aberta: ≈ publicly traded corporation (literally "open company").
**S.F., Sociedade Fechada: ≈ privately held (closely held) corporation (literally "closed company")
*Lda. (Limitada): ≈ [[Ltd.]] (UK), and these might be:
**Unipessoal Lda.: single member company (literally: "Unipersonal Ltd.")
*SGPS (Sociedade Gestora de Participações Sociais): holding corporation (literally "shareholding management company")

==[[Romania]]==
* [[S.A. (corporation)|S.A.]] (Societate pe Acţiuni): ≈ [[public limited company|plc]] (UK)
* S.C.A. (societate în comandită pe acţiuni): limited partnership with shares
* S.C.S. (societate în comandită simplă): ≈ [[limited partnership]]
* S.N.C. (societate în nume colectiv): ≈ [[general partnership]]
* S.R.L. (societate cu răspundere limitată): ≈ [[Ltd.]] (UK)
* PFA (persoana fizica autorizata): ≈ [[self-employed]] (UK)
* O.N.G. (Organizație Non-Guvernamentală): ≈ Non-state pension fund (literally: Non-Governmental Organization)
limited liability company "societate cu raspundere limitata" (SRL);
joint stock company "societate pe actiuni" (SA);

==[[Rusia]]==

* Nekommercheskaya organizatsiya/некоммерческая организация: non-profit organization (there are many types of non-profits in Russia; the type depends on the ownership of the assets (non-state pension fund/Негосударственный пенсионный фонд, for example))
* GP/ГП, GUP/ГУП (Gosudarstvennoye unitarnoye predpriyatie/Государственное унитарное предприятие): state (unitary) enterprise
* IP/ИП (Individualny predprinimatel/Индивидуальный предприниматель): [[sole proprietorship]]
* OOO (Obshchestvo s ogranichennoy otvetstvennostyu/Общество с ограниченной ответственностью): [[Limited liability company|LLC]] (US)
* OAO (Otkrytoye aktsionernoye obshchestvo/Открытое акционерное общество): [[public limited company|plc]] (UK), publicly traded shares (similar to a corporation in the US)
* kooperativ/кооператив: cooperative (many types, which differ by the type of activity, e.g. agricultural or production)
* ZAO/ЗАО (Zakrytoe aktsionernoye obshchestvo/Закрытое акционерное общество): [[private limited company|ltd]] (UK), privately held shares (similar to a close corporation, or closely held corporation, in the US) (maximum fifty "owners of capital" (not shareholders). If there are more than fifty "owners of capital", they have a year to transform into a "OAO")
* Prostoye Tovarishestvo (general partnership) and Kommanditnoe Tovarishestvo (limited partnership). These types of business entities are not popular (approximately 0.5% of the total number of business entities).
* Hozyaystvennoe Partnerstvo (business partnership) is a "secret" entity. There is no equivalent in other jurisdictions.

==[[Arab Saudi]]==
* Private Limited Company ( شركة ذات مسئولية محدودة)
* Joint-Stock company ( شركة مساهمة )
* General Partnership Company ( شركة تضامن )
* Limited Partnership (شركة التوصية البسيطة )
* Foreign Company ( شركة أجنبية )
* Individual Establishment ( مؤسسة فردية )

==[[Serbia]]==
*a.d./a.д. (akcionarsko društvo / aкционарско друштво): ≈ [[public limited company|plc]] (UK) ≈ [[Aktiengesellschaft|AG]] (Germany)
*d.o.o./д.о.о. (društvo sa ograničenom odgovornošću / друштво сa ограниченом одговорношћу): ≈ [[Ltd.]] (UK) ≈ [[Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung|GmbH]] (Germany)
*k.d./к.д. (komanditno društvo / командитно друштво): ≈ [[Limited partnership]] (UK)
*o.d./о.д. (ortačko društvo / ортачко друштво): ≈ [[General partnership]] (UK)
*preduzetnik : ≈ [[Sole proprietorship]] (UK)

==[[Singapura]]==
*Private Limited Company, Sole Proprietorship and Partnership are the predominant types of business found in Singapore.
*LLP ([[limited liability partnership]]): owners have the flexibility of operating as a partnership while enjoying limited liability. An LLP can sue and be sued, acquire and hold property, and have a common seal.
*Ltd/Bhd/Pte Ltd/Sdn Bhd (private limited company/Sendiran Berhad): ≈ [[Ltd.]] (UK). Maximum 50 shareholders. There also exist "exempt private companies", being either owned by no more than 20 non-corporate shareholders, or wholly state-owned and designated by the finance [[political minister|minister]] as exempt.
*Ltd/Bhd (public limited company/Berhad): ≈ [[public limited company|plc]] (UK). There also exist public companies limited by guarantee, which conduct non-profit activities; the finance minister may approve the registration of such companies without the addition of the word "Limited" or "Berhad" to the name.
*Singapore subsidiary company is a popular term used for a form of Singapore business entity. A subsidiary company can have different structures but is essentially a Private Limited Company and so is a separate legal entity. Characteristics of a Singapore subsidiary company include: i) 100% foreign ownership is allowed, ii) the company enjoys low tax incentives as per a resident company, iii) repatriation of profits is allowed and iv) the minimum paid up capital required is S$1.
*Other forms including Pte exist

==[[Slovakia]]==
*a.s. (Akciová spoločnosť)): ≈ [[public limited company|plc]] (UK). Minimum share capital [[EURO|EUR]]  €25,000. Must have a [[supervisory board]] in addition to the management board.
*s.r.o., spol. s r.o. (Spoločnosť s ručením obmedzeným): ≈ [[Ltd.]] (UK)
*k.s. (Komanditná spoločnosť): ≈ LLP. or [[Limited liability partnership]] (UK). Must have at least one "general partner" with unlimited liability.
*v.o.s. (Verejná obchodná spoločnosť): ≈ [[general partnership]] or unlimited partnership
*družstvo: ≈ [[Cooperative]]

==[[Slovenia]]==
*d.d. (Delniška družba): ≈ [[public limited company|plc]] (UK)
*d.o.o. (Družba z omejeno odgovornostjo): ≈ [[Ltd.]] (UK)
*d.n.o. (Družba z neomejeno odgovornostjo): ≈ [[Unlimited company]] (UK)
*k.d. (Komanditna družba): ≈ [[Limited partnership|LP]] (UK)
*s.p. (Samostojni podjetnik): ≈ [[Sole proprietorship]] (UK)

==[[Afrika Selatan]]==
*Perniagaan tunggal/Alleeneienaar
*Business trust/Trust
*Perkongsian/Vennootskap
*Syarikat/Maatskappye
**Company limited by guarantee
***Incorporated association not for gain/vereniging sonder winsoogmerk (section 21 company/artikel 21-maatskappy): ≈ [[voluntary association|nonprofit association]].
**Companies having a share capital
***Private company/privaat maatskappy: ≈ [[private limited company]] (UK), [[limited liability company]] (US); has 1–50 [[shareholder]]s, one or more directors. The name must end "(Pty) Ltd"; registration number ends /07. Registration number and directors' names must appear on all correspondence.
****Section 53(b) company (unlimited liability company): ≈ professional limited liability company (PLLC) (US)
***Public company/publieke maatskappy: ≈ [[public limited company]] (UK), [[corporation]] (US); has at least 7 shareholders (unless it is a wholly owned subsidiary of another company) and at least two [[board of directors|directors]]. The company's name must end in "LTD"; its registration number ends in /06.
*CC/BK (Close corporation/beslote korporasie): Has 1–10 non-corporate members. The name must end "CC" or "BK"; registration number ends /23. Registration number and members' names must appear on all correspondence. On 1 May 2011 the new Companies Act (Act 71 of 2008) came into force and disallows any new incorporations under this form.

==[[Sepanyol]]==
*[[S.A. (corporation)|S.A.]] (Sociedad Anónima): ≈ [[public limited company|plc]] (UK), minimum capital €60,101.21
*S.L. ([[Limited liability company#Spain|Sociedad Limitada]]): ≈ [[Ltd.]] (UK), minimum capital €3,012
*S.L.N.E. (Sociedad Limitada Nueva Empresa): similar to S.L., it was introduced in 2003 to speed up new company registration (registration can be completed in one day), minimum capital €3,012
*[[Sociedad Anónima Deportiva|S.A.D.]] (Sociedad Anónima Deportiva): a limited liability sports corporation
*S.L.L. (Sociedad Limitada Laboral): a labour limited corporation
*S.C. (Sociedad Colectiva): roughly a [[general partnership]]
*S.Cra. (Sociedad Comanditaria): roughly a [[limited partnership]]
*S.Coop. (Sociedad Cooperativa): a [[cooperative]] that typically is owned and democratically controlled by its workers
**Other initialisations are used for cooperatives; Sociedad Anónima Laboral (SAL); some are region specific e.g. Sociedad Cooperativa Catalana Limitada (SCCL)

==[[Sweden]]==
*AB ([[Aktiebolag]]): ≈ [[Ltd.]] (UK). Minimum capital SEK 50,000.
*AB (publ) (Publikt aktiebolag): ≈ [[public limited company|plc]] (UK). Minimum capital [[Swedish krona|SEK]] 500,000.
*Ek. för. (Ekonomisk förening): economic association (minimum three members)
**Bostadsrättsförening: home-owners' association
**Hyresrättsförening: home-renters' association
**Kooperativ: [[cooperative]]
*Enskild firma: [[sole proprietorship]]
*HB (Handelsbolag): ≈ [[general partnership]]
*KB (Kommanditbolag): ≈ [[limited partnership]]
*Enkelt bolag: Regulated partnership between two parts (Companies or private persons)
*Ideell förening: [[non-profit organization]]
*Stiftelse: [[Foundation (nonprofit organization)|Foundation]] has capital or property but no members or owners (shareholders)

==[[Switzerland]]==


*Stiftung /  / fondazione:≈ [[Foundation (nonprofit organization)|foundation]]
*''[[investment fund]]'' (Anlagefonds / fonds de placement / fondo di investimento)
** Investmentgesellschaft mit festem Kapital / SICAF (société d'investissement à capital fixe) / SICAF (società di investimento a capitale fisso):≈ [[investment trust]] (UK), [[closed-end fund|closed-end company]] (US)
** Investmentgesellschaft mit variablem Kapital / SICAV (société d'investissement à capital variable) / SICAV (società di investimento a capitale variabile):≈ OEIC ([[open-ended investment company]]) (UK), open-end company (US)
*Verein / association / associazione:≈ [[voluntary association|non-profit association]]
*wIG (wirtschaftliche Interessengemeinschaft) / GIE (groupement d'intérêt économique) / gruppo di interesse economico:≈ EIG (economic interest grouping)
*Einzelunternehmen / RI (raison individuelle) / ditta indivduale:≈ [[sole trader]] (UK), [[sole proprietorship]] (US)

*Gesellschaft "business entities"
**''partnerships'' (Rechsgemeinschaft / société de personnes / società di persone)
***eG (einfache Gesellschaft) / société simple / società semplice:≈ partnership by contract
***KolG (Kollektivgesellschaft) / SNC (société en nom collectif) / società in nome collettivo:≈ [[general partnership|GP]]
***KG (Kommanditgesellschaft) / SC (société en commandite) / società in accomandita:≈ [[limited partnership|LP]]
**''trading companies'' (Körperschaft / société de capitaux / società di capitale)
***KomAG (Kommanditaktiengesellschaft) / SCA (société en commandite par actions) / società in accomandita per azioni:≈ publicly traded partnership (PTP)
***[[GmbH]] (Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung) / [[Sàrl]] (société à responsabilité limitée) / Sagl (società a garanzia limitata):≈ [[private limited company|Ltd.]] (UK), [[limited liability company|LLC]] (US)
***AG (Aktiengesellschaft) / SA (société anonyme) / SA (società anonima):≈ [[public limited company|plc]] (UK), [[corporation|Corp.]] (US/Can)	
*Genossenschaft / Scoop (société coopérative) / società cooperativa:≈ [[co-operative]]
*Zweigniederlassung / succursale / succursale:≈ branch (of a company)

==[[Republic of China|Taiwan]]==
*無限公司 (Unlimited Company)
*有限公司 (Limited Company)
*兩合公司 (Limited Partnership)
*股份有限公司 (Public Limited Company or Corporation)

==[[Thailand]]==
*บริษัทมหาชนจำกัด, name format บริษัท  ''corporation name'' จำกัด (มหาชน): ≈ [[public limited company|plc]] (UK). Minimum 15 [[shareholders]].
*บริษัทเอกชนจำกัด (name format บริษัท  ''corporation name'' จำกัด): ≈ [[Ltd.]] (UK). Minimum three shareholders.
*ห้างหุ้นส่วนจำกัด (name format ห้างหุ้นส่วน  ''corporation name'' จำกัด): ≈ [[limited partnership]]
*ห้างหุ้นส่วนสามัญนิติบุคคล (name format ห้างหุ้นส่วน  ''corporation name''): ≈ [[general partnership]]

==[[Turki]]==
According to Code of Obligations (fifth book of Civil Code) (Act No: 6098)
*Adi Şirket : ≈ [[Simple Partnership]] (has no legal personality)

According to the Commercial Code (Act No: 6102)

Şahıs şirketleri ≈ [[Partnerships]]
*Koll. Şti. (Kolektif şirket): ≈ [[Collective partnership]]
*Kom. Şti (Komandit şirket) ≈ [[Commandite partnership]] Can be established as simple commandite partnership or as commandite company divided into shares (Sermayesi paylara bölünmüş komandit şirket).

Sermaye şirketleri ≈ [[Companies]]
*A.Ş. / A.O. (): ≈ [[Joint stock company]] Minimum capital is TRY 50.000. Bearer or registered shares, of a minimum [[par value]] of TRY 0,01 each. Only type of company that can be publicly traded in Turkish Law.
*Ltd. Şti. / L.Ş. / L.O. (Limited şirket / Limited Ortaklık) ≈ [[Limited company]] Minimum capital is TRY 10.000. Registered shares only, of a minimum [[par value]] of TRY 25 each.

According to the Capital Markets Act (Act No: 6362)
*HAAO () ≈ [[Publicly held corporation]] This essentially is a special type of A.O. These type of companies can only be established as A.O.'s. When there are no specific rules under Capital Markets legislation, A.O. rules under Turkish Commercial Code will be applied to HAAO's.

According to the Cooperatives Act (Act No: 1136)
*Koop. (Kooperatif Şirket) ≈ [[Cooperative]]

Other entitites:
* (irtibat bürosu): ≈ [[Liaison Office]]
* Şahıs Firması: ≈ [[Sole Proprietorship]]
*Şb. (Şube): ≈ [[Branch]]

==[[Ukraine]]==
*DAT/ДАТ (Державне акціонерне товариство Derzhavne Aktsionerne Tovaristvo): ≈ [[public limited company|plc]] (UK), national
*FOP/ФОП (фізична особа підприємець F O P): [[sole proprietorship]]
*KT (Командитне товариство Comanditne Tovaristvo): ≈ [[limited partnership]]
*PT/ПT (Повне товариство Povne Tovaristvo): ≈ [[general partnership]]
*TDV/ТДВ (Товариство з додатковою відповідальністю Tovaristvo z Dodatkvoyu Vidpovividalnistyu): "additional liability company"
*TOV/TOB (Товариство з обмеженою відповідальністю Tovaristvo z Obmezhenoyu Vidpovividalnistyu): ≈ [[Ltd.]] (UK). Minimum capital = 1 minimum wage (UAH 960 -29.05.2011) .
*PP/ПП (Приватне підприємство Privatne Pidpriemstvo): ≈ [[Ltd.]] (UK). No minimum capital.
*VAT/ВАТ( Вiдкрите акцiонерне товариство Vidkrite Aktsionerne Tovaristvo) or PAT/ПАТ (Публічне акціонерне товариство Publisne Aktsionerne Tovaristvo) since 29.04.2009: ≈ [[public limited company|plc]] (UK), public. Minimum capital [[Hryvnia|UAH]] 630,000.
*ZAT/ЗАТ (Закрите акцiонерне товариство Zakrite Aktsionerne Tovaristvo)or PrAT/ПрАТ (Приватне акціонерне товариство Pritvatne Aktsionerne Tovaristvo) since 29.04.2009:: ≈ [[public limited company|plc]] (UK), private.
*AТ/AТ (Акціонерне товариство Aktsionerne Tovaristvo): ≈ JSC.

Company formation is regulated by the Ukrainian Civil Code and Commercial Code, Law of Commercial companies, Law of stock companies, law and order.

==[[United Kingdom]]==
*CIC atau [[community interest company]]
*CIO atau [[Charitable Incorporated Organisation]]
*[[Industrial and provident society]], contohnya [[koperasi]] (yang tidak termasuk Ltd. pada akhir namanya) atau amal
*Perkongsian:
**[[Perkongisn umum]]
**[[LLP]] or [[Perkongsian liabiliti terhad]]
**LP or [[Perkongsian terhad]]
*Companies:
**[[Ltd.]] or ''Cyf'' (Terhad, atau bahsa Wales ''Cyfyngedig''): a [syarikat swasta [berhad dengan saham]], saham yang tidak diniagakan secara awam
** [[Syarikat awam berhad|plc]] '' dengan Ccc '' (syarikat awam berhad, atau [[bahasa Wales | Bahasa Wales]] '' Cwmni Cyfyngedig Cyhoeddus ''): sebuah syarikat yang [[saham (kewangan) | berkongsi]] s boleh didagangkan kepada umum. Memerlukan [[modal saham]] minimum yang berkuasa untuk £ 50.000; yang mana ia mesti telah diperuntukkan saham dengan nilai sekurang-kurangnya £ 50,000 dan sekurang-kurangnya 25% mesti dibayar penuh sebelum memulakan perniagaan.
** [Syarikat Swasta [terhad oleh jaminan]]. Syarikat sedemikian mesti termasuk Limited atau Ltd. pada akhir namanya (jadi tidak boleh mudah dibezakan daripada sebuah syarikat persendirian berhad menurut syer), kecuali ia tidak boleh mengagihkan keuntungannya. Syarikat jaminan biasanya digunakan oleh bukan untuk organisasi keuntungan, yang mungkin meninggalkan Ltd. pada akhir nama-nama mereka.
** [[Syarikat Unlimited]] (atau Wales '' Anghyfyngedig ''). Sebuah syarikat sama ada dengan atau tanpa modal syer yang ahli-ahli atau pemegang saham tidak mendapat manfaat daripada [[liabiliti terhad]] sekiranya syarikat itu pernah pergi ke rasmi [[pembubaran]]. Ia bukan suatu kehendak di bawah undang-undang syarikat untuk menambah atau menyatakan perkataan atau jawatan yang tidak terhad atau singkatan yang di akhir nama syarikat undang-undang, dan paling (Unltd., atau Ultd.) [[Syarikat sendirian|Syarikat tidak terhad]] tidak ada. Syarikat-syarikat yang tidak terhad dikecualikan dari memfailkan [[penyata kewangan | akaun]] dengan [[Pendaftar Syarikat]] untuk didedahkan kepada umum, tertakluk kepada beberapa pengecualian (melainkan jika syarikat itu merupakan anak syarikat berkelayakan atau induk syarikat terhad semasa perakaunan tempoh).
*[[Sole proprietorship]] (Sole traders)

==[[Amerika Syarikat]]==
Di Amerika Syarikat, negeri-negeri individu menggabungkan kebanyakan perniagaan. Hanya sesetengah khas ditubuhkan oleh kerajaan persekutuan.

Bagi tujuan cukai persekutuan, [[Perkhidmatan Hasil Dalam Negeri]] mempunyai berasingan [cukai korporat [di Amerika Syarikat # Entiti klasifikasi | entiti klasifikasi]] peraturan. Di bawah peraturan cukai, entiti boleh diklasifikasikan sebagai [[perbadanan]], yang [[Perkongsian]], yang [[Koperasi]] atau entiti diabaikan. Syarikat boleh menjadi sama ada [[perbadanan Subchapter S]] atau [perbadanan C []]. Entiti diabaikan mempunyai satu pemilik (atau pasangan suami isteri sebagai pemilik) yang tidak diiktiraf untuk tujuan cukai sebagai satu entiti berasingan daripada pemiliknya. Jenis-jenis entiti diabaikan termasuk ahli tunggal [[liabiliti syarikat terhad | LLC]] s; anak-anak syarikat berkelayakan bab S dan berkelayakan [[amanah pelaburan hartanah]] anak syarikat. Status cukai telus Entiti kira ini tidak menjejaskan status di bawah undang-undang negeri. Sebagai contoh, bagi tujuan cukai persekutuan, LLC tunggal-ahli (SMLLC) tidak diambil kira, supaya semua aset dan liabilitinya dianggap sebagai dimiliki oleh ahli tunggal. Tetapi di bawah undang-undang negeri, yang SMLLC boleh kontrak atas namanya sendiri dan pemiliknya biasanya tidak bertanggungan bagi hutang dan obligasi entiti. Untuk diiktiraf sebagai [[Koperasi]] bagi tujuan cukai Koperasi mesti mengikut peraturan tertentu di bawah Sub Bab T daripada [[Kod Hasil Dalam Negeri]].

===Federally incorporated===
Perkataan utama bagi bank adalah "negara". Sebuah bank disewa oleh [[Pejabat Pengawal Mata Wang]] (OCC) mesti mempunyai perkataan "kebangsaan" namanya. Sebuah bank disewa oleh kerajaan tidak boleh mempunyai "negara" namanya.
Untuk sebuah bank simpanan (sebelum ini dikenali sebagai simpanan dan persatuan pinjaman) atau kredit kesatuan, kata kunci adalah "persekutuan," dan peraturan yang sama terpakai; satu persekutuan bertauliah bank simpanan atau kredit kesatuan mesti mempunyai perkataan "Persekutuan" dalam nama, manakala sebuah bank simpanan negeri yang disewa atau kesatuan kredit tidak boleh mempunyai "persekutuan" namanya.

*NA ([[National bank#United States|National Association]]), gelaran yang digunakan oleh bank-bank yang disewa oleh Pejabat Pengawal Mata Wang (OCC)
* NT & SA ([[Amanah Negara dan Persatuan Simpanan]]), jawatan yang kurang biasa digunakan oleh bank-bank negara
* [[Kesatuan Kredit # Amerika Syarikat | Federal Credit Union]], disewa oleh National Credit Union Association (NCUA)
* [[Bank Simpanan Persekutuan]], yang sebelum ini dikenali sebagai simpanan persekutuan dan persatuan pinjaman

Banyak unit kerajaan persekutuan dibentuk khas [[perbadanan milik Kerajaan | perbadanan awam]], sementara beberapa organisasi swasta telah menerima [[piagam Kongres | sewa khas dari Kongres]].

===State, Territory or Commonwealth incorporated===


The following are the main business designations and types:
***Sole proprietorship**: a business consisting of a single owner (which may itself be a business entity), not in a separately recognized business form.

====Perkongsian====
***General Partnership**: is a partnership in which all the partners are jointly and separately liable for the debts of the partnership. In most U.S. states, it can be created by agreement without requiring a public filing. The partners may themselves be legal entities or individuals.
*[[Limited partnership|LP]] **Limited Partnership**: a partnership where at least one partner (the general partner, which may itself be an entity or an individual) has unlimited liability for the LP's debts) and one or more partners (the limited partners) have limited liability (which means that they are not responsible for the LP's debts beyond the amount they agreed to invest). Limited partners generally do not participate in the management of the entity or its business. 
*[[Limited liability partnership|LLP]] **Limited Liability Partnership**: a partnership where a partner's liability for the debts of the partnership is limited except in the case of liability for acts of professional negligence or malpractice. In some states, LLPs may only be formed for purposes of practicing a licensed profession, typically attorneys, accountants and architects. This is often the only form of limited partnership allowed for law firms (as opposed to general partnerships).
*[[Limited liability limited partnership|LLLP]] **Limited Liability Limited Partnership**: a combination of LP and LLP, available in some states.

====Limited Liability Companies====
*[[Limited liability company|LLC]], LC, Ltd. Co. **Limited Liability Company** (Syarikat Liabiliti Terhad): satu bentuk perniagaan yang pemiliknya menikmati liabiliti terhad, tetapi yang bukan merupakan [[perbadanan]]. Singkatan yang dibenarkan berbeza-beza mengikut negeri. Perhatikan bahawa di beberapa negeri '' Ltd. '' dengan sendirinya tidak singkatan sah untuk LLC, kerana di beberapa negeri (contoh: [[Texas]]), ia mungkin menandakan perbadanan sebaliknya. Lihat juga [[Siri LLC]]. Untuk keperluan pajak persekutuan, secara umum, yang LLC dengan dua atau lebih ahli dianggap sebagai suatu perkongsian, dan LLC dengan seorang ahli dianggap sebagai pemilik tunggal.
*[[Limited liability company#Variations|PLLC]] **Professional Limited Liability Company**: beberapa negeri tidak membenarkan profesional tertentu untuk membentuk LLC yang akan menghadkan liabiliti akibat daripada perkhidmatan profesional menyediakan seperti doktor, rawatan perubatan; peguam, nasihat undang-undang; dan akauntan, perakaunan; arkitek, perkhidmatan seni bina; apabila syarikat itu ditubuhkan menawarkan khidmat profesional. Sebaliknya negeri-negeri membenarkan PLLC atau menurut adat LLC, had liabiliti hanya terpakai kepada bahagian perniagaan, seperti pemiutang syarikat itu, yang bertentangan dengan sisi perkhidmatan pelanggan / pelanggan, tahap penjagaan perubatan, perkhidmatan undang-undang, atau perakaunan yang diberikan kepada pelanggan. Ini bertujuan untuk mengekalkan standard etika yang tinggi yang profesional ini telah komited untuk dengan menjadi berlesen dalam profesion mereka dan menghalang mereka daripada menjadi imun (atau sekurang-kurangnya mengehadkan imuniti mereka) kepada penyelewengan guaman.

====Corporations====
*[[Corporation|Corp.]], [[Incorporation (business)|Inc.]] **Corporation, Incorporated**: used to denote [[corporation]]s ([[public company|public]] or otherwise). These are the only terms universally accepted by all 51 corporation chartering jurisdictions in the United States. However, in some states other suffixes may be used to identify a corporation, such as Ltd., Co./Company, or the Italian term S.p.A. (in [[Connecticut]]; see under [[#Italy|Italy]]). Some states that allow the use of "Company" prohibit the use of "and Company", "and Co.", "& Company" or "& Co.". In most states [[sole proprietorship]]s and partnerships may register a fictitious "[[doing business as]]" name with the word "Company" in it. For a full list of allowed designations by state, see the table below. 
***Professional corporation** abbreviated as PC or P.C. are those corporate entities for which many corporation statutes make special provision, regulating the use of the corporate form by licensed professionals such as attorneys, architects, accountants, and doctors.
***Doing Business As''': denotes a business name used by a person or entity that is different from the person's or entity's true name. DBAs are not separate entities and do not shield the person or entity who uses the DBA as a business name from liability for debts or lawsuits. Filing requiments vary and are not permitted for some types of businesses or professional practices. 
See also Delaware corporation, Nevada corporation, Massachusetts business trust.
Required designations for corporations, by U.S. state, territory or commonwealth:

## [[Uzbekistan]]
* MChJ (Mas'uliyati Cheklangan Jamiyat/Масъулияти Чекланган Жамият): limited liability company
* QMJ (Qo'shimcha ma'suliyatli jamiyat/Қўшимча масъулиятли жамият): additional liability company
* AJ (Aksiyadorlik jamiyati/Акциядорлик жамияти): joint-stock company
** OAJ (Ochiq aksiyadorlik jamiyati/Очиқ акциядорлик жамияти): public joint-stock company
** YoAJ (Yopiq aksiyadorlik jamiyati/Ёпиқ акциядорлик жамияти): closed joint-stock company
* XK (Xususiy korxona/Хусусий корхона): private company
* XT (Xususiy tadbirkorlik/Хусусий тадбиркорлик): sole proprietorship
* OK (Oilaviy korxona/Оилавий корхона): family company
* UK (Unitar korxona/Унитар корхона): unitary enterprise
* QK (Qo'shma korxona/Қўшма корхона): joint venture

## [[Vietnam]]
* Cty TNHH (Cong ty trach nhiem huu han / "Company with Limited Liablity"): Limited Liability Company
* Cty TNHH MTV (Cong ty trach nhiem huu han mot thanh vien/ "Limited Liablity Company with a Single member") since 2005
* Cty CP (Cong ty co phan / "Company with Joint Stock"): Joint Stock Company
* Cong ty hop danh / "Company of Partners": Partnership
* Doanh nghiep hop danh / "Enterprise Partnership": Partnership
* DNNN (Doanh nghiep nha nuoc / "Enterprise of the State"): State-Owned Enterprise
* DNTN (Doanh nghiep tu nhan / "Enterprise Private"): Proprietorship
* DTNN (Doanh nghiep co von dau tu nuoc ngoai "Enterprise with Foreign Investment"): Foreign Investment Enterprise
* HTX (Hop tac xa/ Co-operation)

* Chi Nhanh : Branch Company
* Nhom Cty (Cong Ty / "Group Company"): Holding Company

## Lihat juga
* List of company registers

## Rujukan

## Pautan luar
* 
* Company legal forms by country