Knut Hamsun

**Knut Hamsun** (4 Ogos 1859—19 Februari 1952) ialah seorang penulis Norway, yang dianugerahkan Hadiah Nobel dalam Kesusasteraan pada tahun 1920. Karya Hamsun menjangkau lebih dari 70 tahun dan menunjukkan variasi berkenaan dengan subjek, perspektif dan persekitaran. Beliau menerbitkan lebih daripada 20 novel, koleksi puisi, beberapa cerita pendek dan drama, sebuah perjalanan, dan beberapa karya tulis. 

Hamsun muda membantah kepada realisme dan naturalisme. Beliau berpendapat bahawa objek utama kesusasteraan modenis harus menjadi selok-belok pikiran manusia, yang penulis harus menggambarkan "bisikan darah, dan merayu sumsum tulang". Hamsun dianggap sebagai "pemimpin pemberontakan Neo-Romantik pada kurun ke-20", dengan karya-karya seperti *Hunger* (1890), *Misteri* (1892), *Pan* (1894), dan *Victoria* (1898). Karya-karyanya yang kemudian-khususnya "novel-novel Nordland " yang dipengaruhi oleh realisme baru Norway, menggambarkan kehidupan seharian di pedesaan Norway dan sering menggunakan dialek tempatan, ironi, dan humor. 

Hamsun dianggap sebagai "salah satu gaya penerbit sastera yang paling berpengaruh dan inovatif dari seratus tahun yang lalu" (*sekitar* 1890-1990). Beliau mempelopori kesusasteraan psikologi dengan teknik aliran kesedaran dan monolog dalaman, dan mempengaruhi pengarang seperti Thomas Mann, Franz Kafka, Maxim Gorky, Stefan Zweig, Henry Miller, Hermann Hesse, dan Ernest Hemingway. Isaac Bashevis Penyanyi menamakan Hamsun sebagai "bapa sekolah kesusasteraan moden dalam setiap aspeknya-kepekaannya, kerentanannya, kegunaan imbas kembali, liriknya. Seluruh fiksyen moden di abad kedua puluh berasal dari Hamsun". 

Pada 4 Ogos 2009, Pusat Knut Hamsun dibuka di Hamarøy. Sejak tahun 1916, beberapa karya Hamsun telah disesuaikan dengan gambar-gambar gerakan. 

## Bibliografi
*1877 *Den Gaadefulde. En kjærlighedshistorie fra Nordland* (Published as Knud Pedersen)
*1878 *Et Gjensyn* (Published as Knud Pedersen Hamsund)
*1878 *Bjørger* (Published as Knud Pedersen Hamsund)
*1889 *Lars Oftedal. Udkast* (11 articles, previously printed in *[[Dagbladet]]*)
*1889 *Fra det moderne Amerikas Aandsliv* (*The Spiritual Life of Modern America*)
*1890 *Sult* (*[[Hunger (Hamsun novel)|Hunger]]*)
*1892 *Mysterier* (*[[Mysteries (novel)|Mysteries]]*)
*1893 *Redaktør Lynge*
*1893 *Ny Jord* (*Shallow Soil*)
*1894 *Pan* (*[[Pan (novel)|Pan]]*)
*1895 *Ved Rigets Port* (*At the Gate of the Kingdom*)
*1896 *Livets Spil* (*The Game of Life*)
*1897 *Siesta*
*1898 *Aftenrøde. Slutningspil*
*1898 *Victoria. En kjærlighedshistorie*  (*[[Victoria (novel)|Victoria]]*)
*1902 *Munken Vendt. Brigantines saga I*
*1903 *I Æventyrland. Oplevet og drømt i Kaukasien* (*[[In Wonderland]]*)
*1903 *Dronning Tamara*, play
*1903 *Kratskog*
*1904 *Det vilde Kor*, poetry (*The Wild Choir*)
*1904 *Sværmere* (*Mothwise*, 1921), (*[[Dreamers (novel)|Dreamers]]*)
*1905 *Stridende Liv. Skildringer fra Vesten og Østen*
*1906 *Under Høststjærnen. En Vandrers Fortælling* (*Under the Autumn Star*)
*1908 *Benoni* *Benoni*
*1908 *Rosa: Af Student Parelius' Papirer* (*Rosa*)
*1909 *En Vandrer spiller med Sordin* (*A Wanderer Plays on Muted Strings*)
*1909 *En Vandrer spiller med Sordin* (*Wanderers*)
*1910 *Livet i Vold*, play (*In the Grip of Life*)
*1912 *Den sidste Glæde* (*The Last Joy*; also known as *Look Back in Happiness*)
*1913 *Børn av Tiden* (*Children of the Age*)
*1915 *Segelfoss By 1* (Volume 1) (*Segelfoss Town*) 
*1915 *Segelfoss By 2* (Volume 2) (*Segelfoss Town* 
*1917 *Markens Grøde 1* (*[[Growth of the Soil]]*)
*1917 *Markens Grøde 2* 
*1918 *Sproget i Fare* 
*1920 *Konerne ved Vandposten I* (*The Women at the Pump*) 
*1920 *Konerne ved Vandposten II* 
*1923 *Siste Kapitel I* (Volume 1) (*The Last Chapter*) 
*1923 *Siste Kapitel II* (Volume 2) (*The Last Chapter*) 
*1927 *Landstrykere I* (*[[Wayfarers (novel)|Wayfarers]]*) 
*1927 *Landstrykere II* 
*1930 *August I* (Volume 1) (*August*) 
*1930 *August II* (Volume 2) (*August*) 
*1933 *Men Livet lever I* (Volume 1) (*The Road Leads On*) 
*1933 *Men Livet lever II* (Volume 2) (*The Road Leads On*) 
*1936 *Ringen sluttet* (*The Ring is Closed*)
*1949 *Paa gjengrodde Stier* (*[[On Overgrown Paths]]*)

## Rujukan

## Bacaan lanjut
* Ferguson, Robert. 1987. *Enigma: The Life of Knut Hamsun*. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
*Haugan, Jørgen. 2004. *The Fall of the Sun God. Knut Hamsun - a Literary Biography* Oslo: Aschehoug.
* Humpal, Martin. 1999. *The Roots of Modernist Narrative: Knut Hamsun's Novels Hunger, Mysteries and Pan*. International Specialized Book Services.
* Kolloen, Ingar Sletten. 2009. *Knut Hamsun: Dreamer and Dissident *. Yale University Press. 
* Larsen, Hanna Astrup. 1922. *Knut Hamsun* Alfred A. Knopf.
*
* Shaer, Matthew. 2009. Tackling Knut Hamsun. Review of Kollen Sletten, *Dreamer and dissenter* and Žagar, *The dark side of literary brilliance*. In *Los Angeles Times*, 25 October 2009.
* D'Urance, Michel. 2007. *Hamsun*. Editions Pardès, Paris, 128 p.
* Žagar, Monika. 2009. *The dark side of literary brilliance*. University of Washington Press.

## Pautan luar

### Biografi
* National Library of Norway Commemoration Page
* Biography, from the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs
* Hamsun bibliography 1879–2009 : literature on Knut Hamsun (National Library of Norway)
* Knut Hamsun, at Nobel Prize website
* Kristofer Janson and Knut Hamsun at the National Library of Norway
* Knut Hamsun's America at the Norwegian-American Historical Association
* Knut Hamsun's Early Years in the Northwest in *Minnesota History Magazine*
* "Knut Hamsun: Dreamer and Dissenter", bio and review at *The New Republic*, September 2010
* Knut Hamsun Online, fan-supported website

### Karya
* Hamsun bibliography 1879–2009 published by the National Library of Norway and the University library of Tromsø
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* ''Det Vilde Kor'' 1904 at the Internet Archive (Hamsun's only collection of verse)

### Lain-lain
* Wood, James, ''Addicted to Unpredictability'', an essay. Retrieved 8 October 2006.
* *[[Chelsea on the Edge: The Adventures of an American Theater]],* Davi Napoleon. Includes discussion of *Ice Age*, a controversial production in which Hamson is the protagonist. Iowa State University Press. , 1991.
*Norwegian Nobel Laureate, Once Shunned, Is Now Celebrated, *New York Times*. 27 February 2009
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