John McCarthy (ahli sains komputer)

**John McCarthy** (4 September 1927 – 24 Oktober 2011) merupakan ahli sains komputer dan ahli sains kognitif Amerika Syarikat. McCarthy merupakan salah satu pengasas disiplin kecerdasan buatan. Beliau mengarang bersama dokumen yang mencipta istilah "kecerdasan buatan" (AI), membangun keluarga bahasa pengaturcaraan Lisp, nyata sekali mempengaruhi reka bentuk bahasa pengaturcaraan ALGOL, mempopularkan perkongsian masa, mencipta pengutipan sampah, dan sangat berpengaruh dalam awal pembangunan AI.

McCarthy menghabiskan kebanyakan kerjayanya di Universiti Stanford. Beliau menerima banyak sanjungan dan kehormat, seperti Anugerah Turing 1971 atas sumbangannya kepada topik AI, Pingat Sains Kebangsaan Amerika Syarikat, dan Hadiah Kyoto.

## Penerbitan utama
* McCarthy, J. 1959. . In *Proceedings of the Teddington Conference on the Mechanization of Thought Processes*, 756-91. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
* McCarthy, J. 1960. . *Communications of the ACM* 3(4):184-195.
* McCarthy, J. 1963a "A basis for a mathematical theory of computation". In *Computer Programming and formal systems*. North-Holland.
* McCarthy, J. 1963b. Situations, actions, and causal laws. Technical report, Stanford University.
* McCarthy, J., and Hayes, P. J. 1969. . In Meltzer, B., and Michie, D., eds., *Machine Intelligence* 4. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 463-502.
* McCarthy, J. 1977. "Epistemological problems of artificial intelligence". In *IJCAI*, 1038-1044.
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* McCarthy, J. 1990. "Generality in artificial intelligence". In Lifschitz, V., ed., *Formalizing Common Sense*. Ablex. 226-236.
* McCarthy, J. 1993. "Notes on formalizing context". In *IJCAI*, 555-562.
* McCarthy, J., and Buvac, S. 1997. "Formalizing context: Expanded notes". In Aliseda, A.; van Glabbeek, R.; and Westerstahl, D., eds., *Computing Natural Language*. Stanford University. Also available as Stanford Technical Note STAN-CS-TN-94-13.
* McCarthy, J. 1998. "Elaboration tolerance". In *Working Papers of the Fourth International Symposium on Logical formalizations of Commonsense Reasoning*, Commonsense-1998.
* Costello, T., and McCarthy, J. 1999. "Useful counterfactuals". *[[Electronic Transactions on Artificial Intelligence]]* 3(A):51-76
* McCarthy, J. 2002. "Actions and other events in situation calculus". In Fensel, D.; Giunchiglia, F.; McGuinness, D.; and Williams, M., eds., *Proceedings of KR-2002*, 615-628.

## Lihat juga

* Christopher Strachey, memfailkan paten untuk perkongsian masa pada awal 1959
* Cornucopian
* Masalah rangka
* Senarai perintis dalam sains komputer
* Kotok-McCarthy
* 91 fungsi McCarthy
* Formalisme McCarthy
* Watson (komputer)

## Rujukan

## Bacaan lanjut
* Philip J. Hilts, *Scientific Temperaments: Three Lives in Contemporary Science*, Simon and Schuster, 1982. Lengthy profiles of John McCarthy, physicist Robert R. Wilson and geneticist Mark Ptashne.
* Pamela McCorduck, *Machines Who Think: a personal inquiry into the history and prospects of artificial intelligence*, 1979, second edition 2004.
* Pamela Weintraub, ed., *The Omni Interviews*, New York: Ticknor and Fields, 1984. Collected interviews originally published in *Omni* magazine; contains an interview with McCarthy.

## Pautan luar

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* Celebration of John McCarthy's Accomplishments at Stanford University.
* Interview with Guy Steele conducted at OOPSLA 2008; Set of interviews:
* Oral history interview with John McCarthy at Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. McCarthy discusses his role in the development of time-sharing at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He also describes his work in artificial intelligence (AI) funded by the Advanced Research Projects Agency, including logic-based AI (Lisp) and robotics.
* Oral history interview with Marvin Minsky at Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Minsky describes artificial intelligence (AI) research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), including the work of John McCarthy.
* Oral history interview with Jack B. Dennis at Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Dennis discusses the work of John McCarthy on time-sharing, and the influence of DARPA's Information Processing Techniques Office on the development of time-sharing.
* Oral history interview with Fernando J. Corbató at Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Corbató discusses computer science research, especially time-sharing, at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), including John McCarthy and research on time-sharing.
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* National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir