Pragmatik

Dalam linguistik dan bidang berkaitan, **pragmatik** ialah kajian tentang bagaimana konteks menyumbang kepada makna. Bidang pengajian menilai bagaimana bahasa manusia digunakan dalam interaksi sosial, serta hubungan antara jurubahasa dan yang ditafsir.

## Catatan

## Rujukan
* Austin, J. L. (1962) *[[How to Do Things With Words]]*. Oxford University Press.
* Ariel, Mira (2008), *Pragmatics and Grammar*, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
* 
* Brown, Penelope, and Stephen C. Levinson. (1978) *Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage*. Cambridge University Press.
* Carston, Robyn (2002) *Thoughts and Utterances: The Pragmatics of Explicit Communication*. Oxford: Blackwell.
* Clark, Herbert H. (1996) "Using Language". Cambridge University Press.
* Cole, Peter, ed.. (1978) *Pragmatics*. (Syntax and Semantics, 9). New York: Academic Press.
* Dijk, Teun A. van. (1977) *Text and Context. Explorations in the Semantics and Pragmatics of Discourse*. London: Longman.
* Grice, H. Paul. (1989) *Studies in the Way of Words*. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press.
* Laurence R. Horn and Gregory Ward. (2005) *The Handbook of Pragmatics*. Blackwell.
* Leech, Geoffrey N. (1983) *Principles of Pragmatics*. London: Longman.
* Levinson, Stephen C. (1983) *Pragmatics*. Cambridge University Press.
* Levinson, Stephen C. (2000). Presumptive meanings: The theory of generalized conversational implicature. MIT Press.
* Lin, G. H. C., & Perkins, L. (2005). Cross-cultural discourse of giving and accepting gifts. International Journal of Communication, 16,1-2, 103-12 (ERIC Collections in ED 503685 http://www.eric.ed.gov/PDFS/ED503685.pdf)
* Moumni, Hassan (2005). Politeness in Parliamentary Discourse : A Comparative Pragmatic Study of British and Moroccan MPs’ Speech Acts at Question Time. Unpub. Ph.D. Thesis. Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.
*Mey, Jacob L. (1993) *Pragmatics: An Introduction*. Oxford: Blackwell (2nd ed. 2001).
* Kepa Korta and John Perry. (2006) ''Pragmatics''. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
* Potts, Christopher. (2005) *The Logic of Conventional Implicatures*. Oxford Studies in Theoretical Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
* Robinson, Douglas. (2003). *Performative Linguistics: Speaking and Translating as Doing Things With Words*. London and New York: Routledge.
* Robinson, Douglas. (2006). *Introducing Performative Pragmatics*. London and New York: Routledge.
* Sperber, Dan and Wilson, Deirdre. (2005) Pragmatics. In F. Jackson and M. Smith (eds.) Oxford Handbook of Contemporary Philosophy. OUP, Oxford, 468–501. (Also available here.)
* Thomas, Jenny (1995) *Meaning in Interaction: An Introduction to Pragmatics*. Longman.
* Verschueren, Jef. (1999) ''Understanding Pragmatics''. London, New York: Arnold Publishers.
* Verschueren, Jef, Jan-Ola Östman, Jan Blommaert, eds. (1995) *Handbook of Pragmatics*. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
* Watzlawick, Paul, Janet Helmick Beavin and Don D. Jackson (1967) *Pragmatics of Human Communication: A Study of Interactional Patterns, Pathologies, and Paradoxes*. New York: Norton.
* Wierzbicka, Anna (1991) *Cross-cultural Pragmatics. The Semantics of Human Interaction*. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
* Yule, George (1996) *Pragmatics* (Oxford Introductions to Language Study). Oxford University Press.
* Silverstein, Michael. 1976. "Shifters, Linguistic Categories, and Cultural Description," in Meaning and Anthropology, Basso and Selby, eds. New York: Harper & Row
* Wardhaugh, Ronald. (2006). "An Introduction to Sociolinguistics". Blackwell.
* Duranti, Alessandro. (1997). "Linguistic Anthropology". Cambridge University Press.
* Carbaugh, Donal. (1990). "Cultural Communication and Intercultural Contact." LEA.

## Pautan luar
* Pragmatics, *Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy*
*  Meaning and Context Sensitivity, *Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy*
* Journal of Pragmatics