Bahasa Ge'ez

**Bahasa Ge'ez** (ግዕዝ, **', ; juga [[transliterasi|ditransliterasikan]] sebagai ''Gi'iz'', dan dirujuk sebagai ''Ethiopik'') merupakan satu [[bahasa]] [[Semitik Selatan]] kuno yang dikembangkan di kawasan yang kini [[Eritrea]] dan utara [[Habsyah]] di [[Tanduk Afrika]], sebagai bahasa pertanian. Selepas itu bahasa ini menjadi bahasa rasmi [[Keberajaan Aksum]] dan [[Istana Habsyah]].

Kini Bahasa Ge'ez hanya kekal sebagai bahasa utama yang digunakan dalam [[liturgi]] bagi [[Gereja Tewahedo Ortodoks Habsyah]], [[Gereja Tewahdo Ortodoks Eritrea]], [[Gereja Katholik Ethiopik]], dan juga komuniti [[Yahudi]] [[Beta Israel]]. Namun di Habsyah [[Bahasa Amhara]] ([[lingua franca]] utama di Habsyah moden) atau bahasa tempatan yang lain, dan di Eritrea dan [[Kawasan Tigray]] di Habsyah [[Bahasa Tigrinya]] boleh digunakan dalam [[khutbah]].

== Sample ==

The first sentence of the [[Book of Enoch]]:
:
:
:**'
:**'

:"Word of blessing of Henok, wherewith he blessed the chosen and righteous who would be alive in the day of tribulation for the removal of all wrongdoers and backsliders."

== Catatan ==
<references/>

== Rujukan ==
* [BUD] Budge, E. A. Wallis. 1928. ''A History of Ethiopia: Nubia and Abyssinia'', Oosterhout, the Netherlands: Anthropological Publications, 1970.
* [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05566a.htm CHA] Chain, M. ''Ethiopia'' transcribed by: Donahue M. in The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume V. Published 1909. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Nihil Obstat, May 1, 1909. Remy Lafort, Censor. Imprimatur. + John M. Farley, Archbishop of New York
* [DIR] Diringer, David. 1968. ''The Alphabet, A Key To The History of Mankind.''
* [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=gez GEE] The Ge'ez language info card at Ethnologue
* [KOB] Kobishchanov, Yuri M. 1979. Axum in ''SomeCollectionOfWritings'', edited by Joseph W. Michels; translated by: Lorraine T. Kapitanoff. University Park, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania. ISBN 0-271-00531-9.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060211171331/http://hometown.aol.com/_ht_a/atobrukh/archaeology/matara/matara.html MAT] Matara Aksumite & Pre-Aksumite City Webpage
* [MUN] Munro-Hay Stuart. 1991. ''Aksum: An African Civilization of Late Antiquity''. Edinburgh: University Press. ISBN 0-7486-0106-6.
* [PAN68] Pankhurst, Richard P. K. 1968.''An Economic History of Ethiopia, 1800-1935'', Addis Ababa: Haile Selassie I University Press.
* [http://www.addistribune.com/Archives/2003/11/14-11-03/Glimpse.htm PAN03] Pankhurst, Richard P. K. ''A Glimpse into 16th. Century Ethiopian History Abba 'Enbaqom, Imam Ahmad Ibn Ibrahim, and the "Conquest of Abyssinia"''. Addis Tribune. November 14, 2003.
* [http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=13&letter=F&search=geez PER] Perruchon, J. D. and Gottheil, Richard. Falashas in ''The Jewish Encyclopidia''. 1901-1906.

== Bacaan lanjut ==
=== Tatabahasa ===
* Aläqa Tayyä, ''Maṣḥafa sawāsəw''. Monkullo: Swedish Mission 1896/7 (= [[Ethiopian calendar|E.C.]] 1889).
* Chaîne, Marius, ''Grammaire éthiopienne'', Nouvelle édition, Beyrouth: Imprimerie catholique 1938.
* Cohen, Marcel, "la pronunciation traditionelle du Guèze (éthiopien classique)", in: ''Journal asiatique'' (1921) Sér. 11 / T. 18 ([http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k932990 electronic version] in [[Gallica]] digital library of the [[Bibliothèque nationale de France]] [[PDF]]).
* [[August Dillmann|Dillmann, August]]; [[Carl Bezold|Bezold, Carl]], ''Ethiopic Grammar'', 2nd edition translated from German by James Crichton, London 1907. ISBN 1-59244-145-9 (2003 reprint). (Published in German: ¹1857, ²1899).
* Gäbrä-Yohannəs Gäbrä-Maryam, ''Gəss - Mäzgäbä-ḳalat - Gə'əz-ənna Amarəñña; yä-Gə'əz ḳʷanḳʷa mämmariya'' (A Grammar of Classical Ethiopic). Addis Ababa 2001/2002 (= [[Ethiopian calendar|E.C.]] 1994)[http://www.ilx.nl/blonline/blonlinesearch2.php?ficheid=200000162516]
* Gene Gragg "Ge`ez Phonology," in: ''Phonologies of Asia and Africa'' (Vol 1), ed. A. S. Kaye & P. T. Daniels, Eisenbrauns, Winona Lake, Indiana (1997).
* , **' ("A new grammar and dictionary"), Dire Dawa: Artistik Matämiya Bet 1955/6 (E.C. 1948).
* Lambdin, Thomas O., *Introduction to Classical Ethiopic*, Harvard Semitic Studies 24, Missoula, Mont.: Scholars Press 1978. ISBN 0-89130-263-8.
* Praetorius, Franz, *Äthiopische Grammatik*, Karlsruhe: Reuther 1886.
* Stefan Weninger, *Ge‘ez grammar*, Munich, ISBN 3-929075-04-0 (1st edition), ISBN 3-89586-604-0 (2nd revised edition).
* Tropper, Josef, *Altäthiopisch: Grammatik der Ge'ez mit Übungstexten und Glossar*, Elementa Linguarum Orientis (ELO) 2, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag 2002. ISBN 3-934628-29-X

### Sastera
* Taddesse Adera, Ali Jimale Ahmed (eds.), *Silence Is Not Golden: A Critical Anthology of Ethiopian Literature*, Red Sea Press (1995), ISBN 0-932415-47-4.
* Jon Bonk, *Annotated and Classified Bibliography of English Literature Pertaining to the Ethiopian Orthodox Church*, Atla Bibliography Series, Scarecrow Pr (1984), ISBN 0-8108-1710-1.
* Dillmann, August, *Chrestomathia Aethiopica*. Leipzig 1866.

### Kamus
* Dillmann, August, *Lexicon linguæ Æthiopicæ cum indice Latino*, Lipsiae 1865.
* Leslau, Wolf, *Comparative Dictionary of Geez (Classical Ethiopic): Geez-English, English-Geez, with an Index of the Semitic Roots*, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz 1987. ISBN 3-447-02592-1.
* Leslau, Wolf, *Concise Dictionary of Ge‘ez (Classical Ethiopic)*, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz 1989. ISBN 3-447-02873-4.
* Ludolf, Hiob, *Lexicon Aethiopico-Latinum*, Ed. by J. M. Wansleben, London 1661.
* Wemmers, J., *Lexicon Aethiopicum*, Rome 1638.

## Lihat juga
* Keberajaan Aksum
* Kebra Nagast
* 1 Enoch
* Tulisan Ge'ez

## Pautan luar
* Ethiopian Languages
* Ethiopian Collections of the British Library
* The role of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church in Literature and Art  by Adamu Amare and Belaynesh Mikael (1970)
* J. M.Harden, ''An Introduction to Ethiopic Christian Literature'' (1926)
* Unicode Chart
* Senamirmir Projects: Free Ethiopic Font (Win32, MacOS, Linux)