Nowruz di Afghanistan

Nowruz  ialah permulaan musim bunga dan cuti budaya di Afghanistan. Ia juga disambut oleh majoriti diaspora Afghanistan di seluruh dunia. Hari Peladang, yang bermula sekitar masa yang sama dengan Tahun Baru Afghanistan, disambut di seluruh negara bersama Nowruz dan biasanya berlangsung selama kira-kira dua minggu. Antara lain, sambutan ini melibatkan penanaman anak pokok dan bunga di seluruh negara.

Sesetengah rakyat Afghanistan, termasuk ahli Taliban dan penyokong mereka, tidak meraikan tradisi Nowruz. Pada tahun 1985, Radio Televisyen Afghanistan menyiarkan sebuah drama Parsi untuk memperingati dan mempromosikan Nowruz. Di bawah pemerintahan Taliban pada tahun 1990-an, Nowruz diharamkan "kerana tanggapan bahawa ia adalah cuti pagan yang berpusat pada penyembahan api ." Selepas kejatuhan Kabul pada tahun 2021, Emiriah Islam Afghanistan secara rasminya membatalkan cuti tersebut, tetapi menjelaskan bahawa mereka tidak akan menghalang orang ramai daripada meraikannya secara tertutup.

Persediaan untuk Nowruz bermula beberapa hari sebelumnya, sekurang-kurangnya selepas Chaharshanbe Suri, iaitu Rabu terakhir sebelum Tahun Baru. Antara pelbagai tradisi dan adat resam, yang paling penting disenaraikan di bawah (mengikut susunan abjad):

* **Buzkashi** (): Along with other traditional games, a tournament of buzkashi is held during the Guli Surkh festival in Mazar-i-Sharif and other places in the country.
* **Guli Surkh festival** (; , referring to the red Tulip flowers) is the principal festival for Nowruz. It is celebrated in Mazar-i- Sharif during the first 40 days of the year when the Tulip flowers grow in the green plains and on the hills surrounding the city. People from all over the country travel to Mazar-i-Sharif to attend the Nowruz festivals.
* In Afghanistan, people prepare **Haft Mēwa** (; ), in addition to or instead of *[[Haft Sin]]*, which is common in Iran. Haft Mewa is like a fruit salad made from seven different dried fruits, served in their own syrup. The seven dried fruits are: raisins, *Senjed* (the dried fruit of the oleaster tree), pistachios, hazelnuts, prunes (dried apricots), walnuts and either almonds or another species of plum fruit.
* **Jahanda Bala** () is celebrated on the first day of the New Year (i.e., Nowruz). It is a specific religious ceremony performed in specific mosques. The ceremony is performed by raising a special banner whose color configuration resembles Derafsh Kaviani. This is the biggest recorded Nowruz gathering where up to 200,000 people from all over Afghanistan get together in Mazar-i-Sharif's central park around the Blue Mosque to celebrate the banner raising (*Jahanda Bala*) ceremony.
* **Jashn-e Dehqān** (; ) is celebrated on the first day of year, on which the farmers walk in the cities as a sign of encouragement for the agricultural production. In recent years, this activity is being performed only in Kabul and other major cities, in which the mayor and other high governmental personalities participate in watching and observing.
* **Kampirak** (): Like "Amu Nowruz" in Iran, he is an old bearded man wearing colorful clothes with a long hat and rosary who symbolizes beneficence and the power of nature yielding the forces of winter. He and his retinue pass village by village distributing gathered charities among people and do shows like reciting poems. The tradition is observed in central provinces specially Bamyan and Daykundi.
* **[[Samanak]]** () is a special type of sweet dish made from germinated wheat, and is normally cooked or prepared on the eve of Nowruz or a few days before. Women have a special party for it during the night, and cook it from late in the evening till daylight, singing a special song: *Samanak dar Josh o mā Kafcha zanem&nbsp;– Dochtaran* dar Khwāb o mā Dafcha zanem* (* Dochter means daughter, young lady or girl).
* **Sightseeing to Cercis fields**: The citizens of Kabul go to Istalif, Charikar or other green places where the Cercis flowers grow. They go for a picnic with their family during the first two weeks of the new year.
* **Special cuisine**: People cook special types of dishes for Nowruz, especially on the eve of Nowruz. Normally they cook *Sabzi Chalaw*, a dish made from rice and spinach. Moreover, the bakeries prepare a special type of cookie, called *[[Kolcheh nowrozi|Kulcha-e Nowruzī]]*, which is only baked for Nowruz. Another dish which is prepared mostly for the Nowruz days is *Māhī wa Jelabī* (), which is the most common meal in picnics. In Afghanistan, it is a common custom among the affianced families that the fiancé's family give presents to or prepare special dishes for the fiancée's family on special occasions such as the two Eids (Eid ul-Fitr and Eid al-Adha), Barā'at and Nowruz. Hence, the special dish for Nowruz is *Māhī wa Jelabī*.

## Lihat juga

* Budaya Afghanistan

## Rujukan


## Pautan luaran

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