कमान

**कमान** हे एक एखाद्या जागेच्या विस्तारासाठी करण्यात आलेले वक्राकार बांधकाम असते. त्याचे काम, त्यावरच्या वजनाचा भार सहन करणे अथवा न-करणे या दोन्ही प्रकारे राहू शकते.त्याला एक प्रकारचा dhyuw7iwuiaunwhhaट म्हणता येउ शकते किंवा घुमटाचा तो समानार्थी शब्द आहे,पण घुमट ही एक प्रकारची 'अखंड कमान' असा त्यात फरक करण्यात येतो.याचे बांधकाम मेसोपोटेमिया मध्ये ख्रिस्तपूर्व दुसऱ्या शतकात आढळले. ते विटांनी केलेले होते. त्याचा पद्धतशीर वापर रोमन लोकांनी सुरू केला. त्यांनी या पद्धतीचा बांधकामात मुक्तपणे वापर केला.

कमान हा एक शुद्ध दाबाचा प्रकार  आहे. त्यायोगे, त्यावरील असलेला भार हा जमिनीकडे बदली करण्यात यश मिळते.तसेच या बांधकामाद्वारे त्यामधील जागा मोकळी मिळते. तसेच या वास्तूचे सौंदर्यही वाढते. याचे कार्य बलाचे रूपांतर दाबात्मक-ताण व खेच-ताण यात करून त्या बांधकामास स्थिर करणे असे असते. याची प्रवृत्ती ही नेहमीच, त्याचे दोन्ही आधार-बिंदूच्या बाहेर फाकण्याची राहते. कमानीची उंची कमी केली तर ही फाकण्याची प्रवृत्ती वाढते. त्याचे बांधकाम कोसळू नये म्हणून, त्यास आतील बाजूस आवश्यक असे अंतर्गत बंधक देऊन अथवा, बाह्य बाजूस भरीव बांधकाम करून ते टाळता येते.

## स्थिर कमान विरुद्ध कब्जा(हिंज्ड) असलेली कमान
## कमानीचे प्रकार

File:Triangular arch.svg|त्रिकोनी कमान
File:Rundbåge.png|गोल कमान अथवा अर्ध-वर्तुळाकृती कमान
File:Segmentbåge.png|पूर्णपणे अर्ध-वर्तुळाकृती नसलेली कमान
File:Stigande båge.png|दोन्ही भाग सम-नसलेली कमान किंवा रॅंपन्ट गोल कमान
File:Lansettbåge.png|लॅंसेट पद्धतीची कमान
File:Spetsbåge.png|Equilateral pointed arch
File:Skulderbåge.png|सपाट-खंद कमान / जॅक आर्च
File:Trepassbåge.png|त्रि-स्तरीय  कमान अथवा चंद्रकोर कमान
File:Hästskobåge.png|घोड्याच्या नालेच्या आकाराची कमान
File:Korgbåge.png|त्रि-केंद्रित कमान
File:Ellipsbåge.png|इलिप्टिकल कमान 
File:Draperibåge.png|ताठर अथवा न-वाकणारी कमान
File:Ogee-shaped arch.svg|ऑगी पद्धतीची कमान
File:Karnisbåge.png|विरुद्ध-ऑगी पद्धतीची कमान
File:Tudorbåge.png|चार केंद्रे असलेली कमान अथवा ट्यूडर कमान
File:Parabelbåge.png|पॅराबोला आकाराची कमान

## इतिहास
## बांधकाम
## जगातील विविध कमानींची चित्रदिर्घा

File:Ishtar gate in Pergamon museum in Berlin..jpg|Reconstructed Ishtar Gate of Babylon in Pergamon Museum, Berlin, Germany (2014)
File:Arch of Augustus at Ariminum, dedicated to the Emperor Augustus by the Roman Senate in 27 BC, the oldest Roman arch which survives, Rimini, Italy (19760798740).jpg|Arch of Augustus, Rimini, Emilia-Romagna, Italy (2015)
File:Arco di Gallieno o Porta Esquilina - lato interno - Panairjdde.jpg|Arch of Gallienus, Rome, Italy (2006)
File:Attica 06-13 Athens 24 Arch of Hadrian.jpg|Arch of Hadrian, Athens, Greece (2013)
File:Arch.of.constantine.threequarter.view.arp.jpg|Arch of Constantine, Rome, Italy, commemorating a victory by Constantine I in 312 AD (2007)
File:Arc de triomphe frontsimple.jpg|The Arc de Triomphe, Paris, France; a 19th-century triumphal arch modelled on the classical Roman design (1998)
File:The Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Arch at Grand Army Plaza.jpg|Soldiers' and Sailors' Arch in the Grand Army Plaza, Brooklyn, New York City, New York (2007) 
File:Washington Square by Matthew Bisanz.JPG|Washington Square Arch, Greenwich Village, Manhattan, New York City, New York (2010)
File:St Louis night expblend cropped.jpg|Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Missouri; a sculpture based on a catenary arch (2011)
File:Velia.jpg|The dry stone bridge, so called *Porta Rosa* (4th century BC), in Elea, Province of Salerno, Campania, Italy (2005)
File:Pont Flavien Saint Chamas.jpg|Pont Flavien across the River Touloubre in Saint-Chamas, Bouches-du-Rhône, France (2008)
File:Pont du Gard Oct 2007.jpg|Pont du Garde, a Roman aqueduct in Vers-Pont-du-Gard, Gard, France (2014)
File:Krumlov13(js).jpg|Bridge in Český Krumlov, Czech Republic (2004)
File:Rialto bridge 2011.jpg|Rialto Bridge over the Grand Canal in Venice, Italy (2011)
File:Pont de Bercy Paris FRA 001.JPG|Pont de Bercy over the River Seine, Paris, France, carrying the Paris Métro on its upper deck and a boulevard extension on its lower deck (2006)
File:Grosvenor Bridge Chester3.JPG|Grosvenor Bridge over the River Dee in Chester, Cheshire, England, UK (2007)
File:Union Arch Bridge MD 2008.jpg|Union Arch Bridge carrying the Washington Aqueduct and MacArthur Boulevard (formerly named Conduit Road) in Cabin John, Montgomery County, Maryland (2008)
File:Memorial Bridge sunrise.jpg|Arlington Memorial Bridge over the Potomac River in Washington, D.C. (2007)
File:Key Bridge, Washington D.C.jpg|Francis Scott Key Bridge over the Potomac River in Washington, D.C. (2006)
File:2007 04 25 - WWB 44.JPG|Woodrow Wilson Bridge carrying Interstate 95 (I-95) and the Capital Beltway over the Potomac River between Alexandria, Virginia and Oxon Hill, Maryland (2007) 
File:The Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge.jpg|Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge over the Trinity River in Dallas, Texas (2012)
|Bridges over the Autostrade A1 motorway and connecting roads in Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy (2012)
| Bridge over the Autostrade A1 motorway in Reggio Emilia, Italy (2015)
Image:Millenium.jpg|Gateshead Millennium Bridge over the River Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK (2005)
File:Tyne Bridge - Newcastle Upon Tyne - England - 2004-08-14.jpg|Tyne Bridge over the River Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK (2004)
File:Hell Gate Bridge by Dave Frieder.jpg|Hell Gate Bridge over the East River, New York City, New York,
File:Sydney Harbour Bridge from Circular Quay.jpg|Sydney Harbour Bridge, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (2010)
File:Beschädigte Brücke.jpg|Ludendorff Bridge over the Rhine River, Remagen, Germany, showing damage before collapse during the Battle of Remagen in World War II (1945)
File:Tour Eiffel Wikimedia Commons (cropped).jpg|Eiffel Tower, Paris, France (2009)
Tour Eiffel Nov 2015 inferieur.jpg|Arch supporting the Eiffel Tower, Paris, France (2015)
File:Wembley Stadium closeup.jpg|The Second Wembley Stadium in London, built in 2007 (2007)
File:San Mames Stadium.JPG|The First San Mamés Stadium, in Bilbao, arch built in 1953, demolished 2013 (2013)
File:20110602 London 05.JPG|St Pancras railway station, London, England (2011)
File:St Pancras railway station, 6 March 2010.jpg|Train shed in St Pancras railway station, London, England (2010)
File:Victoria Station - geograph.org.uk - 268162.jpg|Train shed in Victoria Station, London, England (2006)
File:LucerneStation.jpg|Lucerne railway station, Switzerland (2010)
File:FS ETR 610 012 Luzern 101216 EC310 1.jpg|Train shed in Lucerne railway station, Switzerland (2016)
File:Hauptbahnhof-ffm010.jpg|Central railway station, Frankfurt, Germany (2008)
File:Frankfurt am Main - Hauptbahnhof - Neues Dach.jpg|Train shed in Central railway station, Frankfurt, Germany (2005)
File:Image-Grand central Station Outside Night 2.jpg|Grand Central Terminal, Manhattan, New York City, New York (2008)
File:NYC Grand Central 2.JPG|Arches in Main Concourse, Grand Central Terminal, Manhattan, New York City, New York (2014)
File:Berlin Kongresshalle BW 1.jpg|Haus der Kulturen der Welt, Berlin, Germany (2011)
File:Roma06(js).jpg|The Colosseum in Rome, Italy (2013)
File:Rome (29096723).jpg|Arches inside the Colosseum in Rome, Italy (2005)
File:Bl-burg-innenhof-oben.jpg|Stonework arches seen in a ruined stonework building – Burg Lippspringe, Germany
File:DirkvdM havana casa bolivar.jpg|Several arches at the Casa Simón Bolívar in Havana, Cuba 
File:Kings College Cambridge Great Court Panorama.jpg|Kings College, University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England  (2007)
File:Kings dining hall.JPG|Arches in dining hall at Kings College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England  (2007)
File:Detroit Photographic Company (0379).jpg|Memorial Hall, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (circa 1897-1924 photochrom post card)
File:Memorial Transept, Memorial Hall, Harvard.jpg|Arches inside transept, Memorial Hall, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (2016)
File:Annenberg Hall, Memorial Hall, Harvard.jpg|Arches inside Annenberg Hall, Memorial Hall, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (2016)
File:Healy Hall 08 2009 Georgetown U 6990.JPG|Healy Hall, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. (2009)
File:Georgetown University -39.JPG|Arches inside Healy Hall, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. (2010)
File:Erasmus Hall High School central tower.jpg|Central Tower, Erasmus Hall High School, Brooklyn, New York City, New York (2013)
File:Neuschwanstein001.jpg|Neuschwanstein Castle, Bavaria, Germany 
File:Neuschwanstein throne room 00180u.jpg|Arches in throne room of Neuschwanstein Castle, Bavaria, Germany (1886 photochrom print)
File:Igreja, Mosteiro Alcobaça.jpg|Arches in the nave of the church in monastery of Alcobaça, Portugal
File:Loire Eure Chartres2 tango7174.jpg|North facade of Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France (2008)
File:Chartres - Cathédrale 16.JPG|Arches in choir of Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France (2013)
File:Westminster-Abbey.JPG|Western facade, Westminster Abbey, City of Westminster, London, England (2013)
File:Westminster Abbey Interior.jpg|Arches in nave of Westminster Abbey, City of Westminster, London, England (2006)
File:WashingtonNationalCathedralHighsmith15393v.jpg|Washington National Cathedral in Washington, D.C.
File:Arches.jpg|Arches inside the Washington National Cathedral, Washington, D.C. (2005)
File:Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano September 2015-1a.jpg|Main facade of St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City, Rome, Italy (2015)
File:Basílica de San Pedro, Ciudad del Vaticano low light.jpg|Interior arches in St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City, Rome, Italy (2009)
File:Hagia Sophia Mars 2013.jpg|Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey (2013)
File:Ayasofya-Innenansicht.jpg|Arches inside the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey (1983)
File:Istanbul.Hagia Sophia055.jpg|Arches inside the western upper gallery, Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, Turkey (2007)
File:Insideofmasjedolharam3.JPG|Interior arches in Masjid al-Haram, Mecca, Saudi Arabia (2008) 
File:Roof of Masjid al-Haram 02.jpg|Roof of Masjid al-Haram, Mecca, Saudi Arabia (2008) 
File:Dome of the Rock - 5274885553.jpg|Dome of the Rock, Old City of Jerusalem (2010)
File:Jérusalem - Dôme du Rocher - mosaïque intérieure.jpg|Arches inside Dome of the Rock, Old City of Jerusalem (2014)
File:Taj Mahal N-UP-A28-a.jpg|Taj Mahal in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India (2009)
Image:B6a agra700.jpg|Entrance to grounds of Taj Mahal, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India (2004)
File:Capitol Building 3.jpg|East side of United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. (2005)
File:W corr1 us capitol.jpg|Arches in corridor of United States Capitol, Washington, D.C. (2006) 
File:Library of Congress (1).jpg|Thomas Jefferson Building, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (2008)
File:LOC Main Reading Room Highsmith.jpg|Arches in Main Reading Room, Thomas Jefferson Building, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (2009)
File:Great Hall, Library of Congress Thomas Jefferson Building, Washington, D.C. View of first and second floors, with Minerva mosaic in background. (LOC).jpg|Arches in Great Hall, Thomas Jefferson Building, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (2007)
File:Chrysler building- top.jpg|Art Deco arches on Chrysler Building, Manhattan, New York City, New York (2005)
File:Loz-ny-library-3.png|New York Public Library Main Branch, Manhattan, New York City, New York (2016)
File:New York Public Library - 02.jpg|Arches inside entrance of New York Public Library Main Branch, Manhattan, New York City, New York (2012)
File:Metropolitan Museum of Art.jpg|Metropolitan Museum of Art, Manhattan, New York City, New York (2012)
File:The Metropolitan Museum of Art.jpg|Arches in Great Hall, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Manhattan, New York City, New York (2012)
File:Winter Palace Panorama 4.jpg|Winter Palace, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia (2016)
File:Jordan Staircase 8.JPG|Arches near Jordan Staircase, Winter Palace, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia (2015)
File:Ermitage Pavilion Hall 11.jpg|Arches in Pavilion Hall, Small Hermitage, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia (2015)
File:Louvre Cour Carrée June 2010.jpg|Cour Carrée, Louvre Palace, Paris, France (2010)
File:Palais du Louvre - Salle du Manège -0a.jpg|Arches in Salle du Manège, Louvre Palace, Paris, France (2007)
File:Château de Versailles (vue du parc, Versailles).JPG|Palace of Versailles, Versailles, Yvelines, France (2012)
File:Château de Versailles - Galerie des Batailles.jpg|Arches in Galerie des Batailles, Palace of Versailles, Versailles, Yvelines, France (2013)
File:Chateau Versailles Galerie des Glaces.jpg|Arches in Hall of Mirrors, Palace of Versailles, Versailles, Yvelines, France (2011)
File:London Big Ben - panoramio (2).jpg|Palace of Westminster, City of Westminster, London, England (2010)
File:Westminster Hall 25 May 2011.png|Arches in Westminster Hall, Palace of Westminster, City of Westminster, London, England (2011)
File:Houses of Parliament St. Stephens Hall (Interior) London England.jpg|Arches in St. Stevens Hall,  Palace of Westminster, City of Westminster, London, England (2007)
File:Aljafería2.JPG|Aljafería Palace in Zaragoza, Spain (2005)
Image:La Aljafería - Oratorio 01.JPG|Horseshoe arch inside Aljafería Palace, Zaragoza, Spain (2004)
Image:La Aljafería - Palacio taifa 02.JPG|Multifoil arches inside Aljafería Palace, Zaragoza, Spain (2004)
File:Casa Mila interior arches.jpg|Catenary arches inside Casa Milà in Barcelona, Spain by Antoni Gaudí
File:Badi Mahal.jpg|Rajasthani style arches inside the 16th century City Palace, Udaipur, India
File:Itamaraty.jpg|Main façade of the Itamaraty Palace in Brasília, Brazil, decorated with many arches.
File:Smithsonian Building NR.jpg|Smithsonian Institution Building ("The Castle"), Washington, D.C. (2007)
File:Ahmetsnn 2.JPG|Arches inside the Smithsonian Institution Building ("The Castle"), Washington, D.C. (2012) 
File:National law enforcement officers memorial.jpg|National Building Museum (formerly Pension Building), Washington, D.C. (2005)
File:National Building Museum - 6.jpg|Arches inside National Building Museum (formerly Pension Building), Washington, D.C. (2007)
File:Old Post Office Building, Washington, D.C.jpg|Main facade of the Old Post Office Pavilion (now the Trump International Hotel) in Washington, D.C. (2012)
File:Front entrance of Old Post Office, decorated for Christmas.JPG|Front entrance of Old Post Office Pavilion in Washington, D.C. (2006)
File:Old Post Office (3436194497).jpg|Arches inside Old Post Office Pavilion in Washington, D.C. (2009)
File:Overview of Arches.jpg|Arches in Merzouga, Morroco (2011)
File:Rom, Calixtus-Katakomben, Krypta der Päpste.jpg|Crypt of the Popes in the Catacomb of Callixtus, Rome, Italy (2007)
File:Eastern Han tomb, Luoyang 3.jpg|Chinese Eastern Han Dynasty (25–220 AD) tomb chamber (2008)
File:Tomb of George Washington - Mount Vernon.jpg|Entrance to Washington family tomb at Mount Vernon, Fairfax County, Virginia (2014)
File:Natural Bridge, Rockbridge County, VA.jpg|Natural Bridge in Rockbridge County, Virginia (2014)
File:LandscapeArchPano.jpg|Landscape Arch, Arches National Park, Utah (2009)
File:Double-O-Arch Arches National Park 2.jpg|Double O Arch, Arches National Park, Utah (2007)

## भाषांतरीत शब्दांचे मूळ इंग्रजी शब्द
वर्ग:कमानी व घुमट
वर्ग:लाल दुवे असणारे लेख