Mahatma Gandhi

**Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi**  (2-yʋʋr kiuug rasem 1869 - 1 yʋʋm-vẽk kiuug rasem 30 yʋʋm 1948)  yaa Indi wã sɛb-soab, koloneel-dãmb zabd sẽn zabd ne politikã, la politikã yel-gɛt sẽn tʋmda ne nin-buiid sẽn pa zabd ne b sẽn pa zab ne nin-buiidã n na n tõog n zab ne Indi wã sẽn pa beẽ ne Britɩn soolmã.[2] A kɩtame tɩ b tõog n zab ne nin-tɩrse la b tɩ looge dũniyã gill zugu. The honorific Mahātmā (Sanskrit pʋgẽ, sẽn dat n yeel tɩ sũ-noog soaba, bɩ waoogd soaba), sẽn da pipi n zĩnd a zug Afrika soolmẽ wã yʋʋmd 1914 wã, yaa b sẽn tũnugd ne dũniyã gill zugu. 

A Gandhi rogame la a bɩɩs a Zeova Kaset rãmbã zakẽ, Gujarat soolmẽ wã. A Gandhi zãms-a-la sɛb a sẽn da tar n be Londr wã wã. A wa n kẽe sɛb roogẽ a sẽn da tara yʋʋm 22 wã. A Gandhi sẽn da wa n zĩnd yʋʋm a yiib sẽn pa tar pʋ-peelem n be Indi wã, la a pa tõog n sɩng a tʋʋmdã sõma ye, a kolga Afirik-Bĩngr yʋʋmd 1893 n na n wilg Indi kom-biis a ye sẽn da be a zĩigẽ. A zĩnda Afirik Kibar yʋʋm 21. A Gandhi zĩnda be n wub a zakã rãmb la a sɩng n zãag n zab ne nebã tɩ b tõog n zab ne b mens ne b mens n kõ-b sor n tõog n zabd ne b mens ye. Yʋʋmd 1915 wã, a sẽn tar yʋʋm 45 wã, a lebg n wa n waa Ɛndɩtɛɛr n wa n sigl siglsã, kom-bõon-dãmbã la tẽngã tʋmtʋmdbã n wilg b sẽn na n kɩɩs b sẽn maand b sẽn pa segd n maan to-to wã la b sẽn na yɩl n wilg b mens tɩ b pa tar sor n kõ-b la b pa segd n yao b tẽngã rẽnna.

A Gandhi sẽn wa n dɩ naam n na n yɩ Indiens Kongre wã taoor soaba yʋʋmd 1921 wã, a wa n lʋɩɩsa tẽn-tẽngã fãa pʋgẽ n na n sõng tɩ b tõog n boog naongã, n paas pagb zu-sobendã, n paas tũudum la buud toor-toorã zoodã, n kɩt tɩ b tõog tɩ b pa tõe n sɩɩs-b ye, la sẽn yɩɩd fãa, n tõog n tõog n paam tɩ b tõog b mens n soog b mens ye. A Gandhi rɩka dhoti-kẽng sẽn yaa b sẽn da tigsd ne nusã n wilg t'a yaa ned sẽn mi n mi n yaa a Indi wã tẽn-kɩremsã naong soaba. A sɩngame n vɩ ned sẽn tar a meng pãnga, n dɩtẽ rɩɩb sẽn yaa nana, la a rɩt noor wʋsg n maan tɩ yɩ sor n na n maan gũusgu la politik n wilg a sũurẽ t'a pa mi a sẽn na n maan bũmb ye. A Gandhi sẽn wa n zab ne nin-buiidã, a kɩtame tɩ b kɩɩs b sẽn da get tɩ b segd n yaood n yiis zu-loeesã, la a wa n bool tɩ b yi n bas Ɛnd soolmã yʋʋmd 1942. A zĩnda bi-bees roogẽ naoor wʋsgo, la a zĩnda yʋʋm wʋsg Afirik-Bĩngr la Ind soolmẽ wã.

A Gandhi sẽn da get tɩ b na n sigla b toorẽ India sẽn yaa tũudum wʋsg wɛɛngẽ wã, b sẽn da wa n getã yaa tɩ b pa segd n sak n deeg tɩ b sẽn yaa b sẽn yaa a Mooslemã pa segd n paame. Yʋʋmd 1947 tʋʋlg kiuugã, Britɩni wã paamame tɩ b lebg b toorẽ, la b pʋɩ-a lame tɩ yaa Indi la Pakistan. B sẽn wa n wa n tɩ kõ-b b tẽn-paalgã, Hindus, Moslems la Sikhs wʋsg sẽn yi b tẽn-kãens pʋsẽ wã, b wa n wa ne b tũudmã pãnga, sẽn yɩɩd fãa Punjab la Bengal soolmẽ. A Gandhi zãagame n na n tɩ maan a meng ne a Zeova Kaset rãmbã n wilg tɩ b pa tar sor n maan b sẽn dat n maan bũmb ninsã ye. Sẽn pʋg-a wã, a maana kom kʋɩl-kɩɩm naoor wʋsgo, n na n kɩt tɩ b ra wa maan wẽnga tũudmã wɛɛngẽ ye. Yaa yʋʋmd 1948 yʋʋm-vẽkr kiuug rasem 12 daarã la a Gandhi maan yʋʋm 78. A Gandhi sẽn da pa rat n maan bũmb a to n na n sõng a Pakistã la a Indi wã sẽn yaa a sẽn pa mi a Zeova wã, a ra pa tẽed tɩ b na n maan bũmb tɩ sãam a sũur ye. A Nathuram Godse sẽn da yaa Hindus neb sẽn da yaa zab-n-taag n be Poone, Ind soolmã sẽn be mogrã, n kʋ a Gandhi wã, a sẽn kʋ a toog zug koglg a tãabo yʋʋmd 1948 yʋʋmdã, yʋʋm-vʋʋr kiuug rasem 30 wã, a Delhi, tũudum toor-toorã pʋʋsg tigissã sasa.

A Gandhi rogem daar sẽn yaa Oktoobar 2 wã, b tẽegda a Indi wã n yeel t'a Gandhi Jayanti yaa tẽngã kibs la dũniyã gill zugu, b tẽegd-a n yeel t"a Zeova Kaset rãmbã daarã". A Gandhi yaa b sẽn da boond tɩ b "maam" wã. B sẽn wa n moond n moond n zabd ne tẽngã, b boond-b lame tɩ Bapu.

## Bi-bɩɩg sẽn sɩng ne a vɩɩmã

### A-rogdse
A Gandhi ba wã, a Karamchand Uttamchand Gandhi (1822-1885), yɩɩ Porbandar soolmã taoor lʋɩtb sull (ministre kãsenga). A zakã yita Kutiana tẽn-tẽnga sẽn da be Junagadh soolmẽ wã.  Baa a Karamchand sẽn da yaa goosneerã pʋgẽ la a paam zãmsgo, a wilgame t'a yaa ministɛɛr sẽn tar tõog n tõog n tʋmã.

A Karamchand kẽe kãadem naoor a naase. A pagbã a yiib-n-soabã ki-la bi-bɩɩg bala, tɩ b fãa dog bi-pugli. La a tãab-n-saarã kãadem pa tar bi-rib ye. Yʋʋmd 1857 wã, a Karamchand baoame a pagã a tãab-n-soabã sor n na n kẽ kãadem. Yʋʋmd kãng bala, a kẽe kãadem ne a Putlibai (1844-1891), sẽn yaa Junagadh ned me, la a ra yita Pranami Vaishnava zakã pʋgẽ. Karamchand ne a Putlibai paama kambã a naas: biig a ye, a Laxmidas (s. 1860-1914); bi-pugl a ye, Raliatbehn (1862-1960); a yiib-n-soabã, a Karsandas (s. 1866-1913). la a tãab soaba, a Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, b dogame yʋʋmd 1869 kiuug rasem 2 daar Porbandar (b sẽn boond tɩ Sudamapuri) sẽn yaa tẽng sẽn be ko-kãsengã zug Kathiawar Peninsula wã, la sẽn wa n yaa Porbandar soolmã sẽn yaa kãsenga pʋga.

Yʋʋmd 1874 wã, a Gandhi ba wã, a Karamchand, yi Porbandar n kẽng Rajkot soolmẽ wã, n lebg a Thakur Sahib sẽn yaa a rĩmã saglg soaba. Baa ne a Rajkot sẽn pa tar waoogd n yɩɩd Porbandar soolmẽ wã wã, b ra tara Britani wã siglgã sẽn get politikã yell n getẽ. Yʋʋmd 1876 wã, a Karamchand lebga Rajkot diwan la a ba-biig a Tulsidas n wa n dɩ a naamã. A Karamchand zakã rãmb leb n zĩndame n zĩnd ne-a Rajkot. B kolga b zakẽ, Kaba Gandhi No Delo, yʋʋmd 1881.

#### A bi-biilim
A Gandhi sẽn da yaa bi-bɩɩg n da yaa a ba-bi-poak a Raliat sẽn yeel t'a "ka tar vʋʋsg wa merkur, a sẽn da maand yɩɩr bɩ a sẽn da kẽnd n kẽndẽ wã ye. A sẽn da nong n maand yɩɩr n wẽed wũnda tʋb ye". A Gandhi yeela a vɩɩmã pʋgẽ tɩ b kɩtame t'a yamã pa le tol n tol n tol tɩ loog ye. A Gandhi yeela woto: "B ra namsd-m lame, la m segd n maana wa a Harishchandra naoor wʋsgo". A Gandhi sẽn wa n wilg tɩ yẽ mengã nonga sɩdã la nonglem n yɩɩd bũmb fãa wã, yaa neb nins sẽn gʋlsd Biiblã pʋgẽ wã n wilg rẽ.

B ra yaa tũudum rãmb wʋsgo. A Mohandas rogame Gujarati Hindu Modh Bania zakã pʋgẽ. A Gandhi ba wã, a Karamchand, yaa Hindus la a ma a Putlibai yita Hindus zakã pʋgẽ. A Gandhi ba wã yaa Modh Baniya buud sẽn be Vaishya wã pʋga. A ma yita kareng sẽn boond tɩ Krishna bhakti wã sẽn yaa bũmb ning sẽn yit Wẽnnaam nengẽ wã. A sẽn gʋls bũmb nins sẽn be Biiblã pʋgẽ wã yaa Bhagavad Gita, Bhagavata Purana, la Biiblã sẽn tar sɛb 14 sẽn tar zãmsgo. A Maari sẽn da yaa ned sẽn sakd Wẽnnaam hal wʋsgo, n da "ka tags n na n dɩ n da wa pʋʋs a Zeova daar fãa ye. A ra maanda pʋlem-peelmã n pa basd a meng ye. A ra pa segd n zãad a meng ne a Zeova ye.

A Gandhi sẽn wa n tar yʋʋm a nii wã, a kẽnga Rajkot lekoll sẽn be be zĩig ning sẽn pẽ a roogã pʋgẽ. Be, a zãmsda matematiki, siglgã, Gujarati buud-gomdã la geograafã yɛl sẽn pa nana. A Gandhi sẽn wa n tar yʋʋm 11, a kẽnga Rajkot High School, Alfred High School. A ra yaa karen-biiga, n paam n paam kũun wʋsgo, la a ra yaa yãbga la a ra pa tar ratem ne yɩɩl ye. A Gandhi tũud-n-taagã bal n da yaa sɛb la lekollã lekollã. 

##### A furibu
Yʋʋmd 1883 kiuugã, a Gandhi sẽn da tar yʋʋm 13 wã kẽe kãadem ne a Kasturbai Gokuldas Kapadia sẽn da tar a yʋʋm 14 wã (a yʋʋr sẽn da yaa "Kasturba", la a sẽn da nong a soabã, a "Ba") kãadem pʋgẽ, wa sẽn zems ne tẽn-kãng minimã. A sẽn wa n wa n zãmsd Biiblã, a paama yʋʋm a ye lekollẽ, la rẽ poore, b kõo-a sor n na n le paas a zãmsgã pãnga. A Gandhi yikãadmã yɩɩ bũmb sẽn da yaa taab n maan tɩ a saam-biig ne a yao-rãmb me kẽ kãadem. A Gandhi sẽn tẽeg b kãadmã daarã, a yeela woto: "Tõnd sẽn da pa mi kãadem yell wʋsg yĩnga, tõnd ra segd n yeelga fu-paals toor-toorã, n dɩdd kom-bõoneg la d kẽnd ne d roagdba". Wala sẽn da yaa a minimã, pʋg-paalã ra segd n zĩnda a roagdbã zakẽ n pa ne a sɩdã ye.

Yʋʋm wʋsg poore, a Gandhi gʋlsa a sẽn da tagsd a pʋg-paalgã yelle. A yeela woto: "Rɩk b sẽn da be lekollẽ wã, m ra tagsdame tɩ a na n wa wa wa waame, la m ra tagsdẽ tɩ yʋng na n wa n wa n sa, la tɩ d na n wa tigim taab n na n wa zĩndẽ". A Gandhi wa n tẽra tɩ b ra nong-a lame, la b ra nong a pagã wʋsgo. Wala makre, a Kasturba sẽn da wa n wat n kẽed wẽnd-doogẽ ne a kom-bi-pogsã, la a ra nong-b lame.

Yʋʋmd 1885 wã saabẽ, a Gandhi ba wã, a Karamchand, kiime. A Gandhi sẽn wa n na n ki wã, a yiisa a ba wã gãag n na n zĩnd ne a pagã. Yʋʋm kobs wʋsg poore, a Gandhi gʋlsa woto: "Wẽnnaam sẽn da nong rũmsã sã n da pa kɩt tɩ m lebg nin-vɩɩs ye, b ra segd n zãmsa maam ne b ba wã sẽn da wa n pa le nong-a wã".  La wakat sẽn looge, a Gandhi sẽn da tar yʋʋm 16 wã ne a pagã sẽn da tar a yʋʋm 17 wã paama b pipi bi-riblã, la a kiime rasem a wãn bal. A Gandhi sẽn ki wã kɩtame t'a sũur sãam wʋsgo. A Gandhi wã paama kom-biis a naas n paase, la b fãa yaa kom-bõonego: a Harilãll sẽn dog yʋʋmd 1888; a Manilil sẽn dog yʋʋmd 1892; a Ramdas sẽn dog yʋʋmd 1897; la a Devdas sẽn dog yʋʋm 1900.

Yʋʋmd 1887 noobõorẽ, a Gandhi sẽn da tar yʋʋm 18 wã paama a diplôme Ahmedabad lekollẽ. [35] Yʋʋmd 1888 wã, a kẽnga Samaldas College sẽn be Bhavnagar soolmẽ wã, sẽn da yaa tẽn-kãng zug kareng sẽn kõt karengã. La a Gandhi basa a tʋʋmdã n lebg n wa a zakã rãmb nengẽ Porbandar.

Lekollẽ wã poore, a Gandhi zãmsga paama pãng Gujarati sɛbã sẽn zãms-a wã yĩnga, sẽn yɩɩd fãa sẽn da get-a n get-a wã, a Narmad la a Govardhanram Tripathi sẽn tall tʋʋm sẽn kɩt tɩ Gujarati nebã bãng b kongrã la b pãn-komsemsã, wala b sẽn tẽed tũudum pʋ-tẽebã.

## A yʋʋm ataab London puga

### Laloa Karimbiiga
A Gandhi basa kolɛj-kãsenga sẽn yaa toogo a sẽn tõe n dɩk Bombay pʋgẽ. A Mavji Dave Joshiji, sẽn yaa brahmin-rãmb maan-kʋʋd la a zakã zoa, sagla a Gandhi ne a zakã rãmb tɩ b bao n zãms sɛb Londõ. Yʋʋmd 1888 tʋʋlg kiuugã, a Gandhi pagã, a Kasturba dogame n dog b pipi biig a ye, a Harilal. A Gandhi ma ra pa noom ne a pagã la a zakã rãmb sẽn bas-a wã n loog n yi be ye. A Gandhi yaab a Tulsidas me ra baood n na n kɩtame t'a saam-biigã ra pa le tõe n maan woto ye. Sẽn na yɩl n tõog a pagã ne a ma wã n wʋm, a Gandhi wẽename t'a pa na n yũ namsg ye, tɩ a pa na n tɩ yũ rãam ye, la a pa na ne pag ye. A Gandhi ba-biig a Laxmidas sẽn da yaa sɛb-n-taaga, pẽga a Gandhi sẽn da rat n zãms London wã, la a kõ-a-la a sõngre. A Putlibai kõo a Gandhi sor la a ning-a barka. 

Yʋʋmd 1888 tʋʋlg kiuug rasem 10 wã, a Gandhi sẽn da tar yʋʋm 18 n yi Porbandar n kẽng Mumbai, sẽn da yaa Bombay wakat kãnga. A raab a yembr sẽn da ket n gomd a sẽn da zãmsd lekollã sẽn da be Rajkot wã sẽn na n wilg tɩ a Gandhi yaa Kathiwar tẽnga pipi sẽn kẽng Angletɛɛr n tɩ ges a Barrister wã. A Mohandas Gandhi sẽn da gũud koom-koglg sẽn wat n kẽng Londr wã, a yãame tɩ a paama Bombay nin-buiidã sũ-puugre. A sẽn wa Bombay wã, a zĩnda Modh Bania tẽnga neb sʋka. B kãsem dãmbã keoogame t'a Ingletɛɛr na n kɩtame t'a sak n bas a tũudmã, la a rɩ n yũ ne Zĩ-rãmbã. Baa a Gandhi sẽn wilg-b a ma wã bũmb ning a sẽn pʋlem-a wã, a Gandhi wã basa a buudã. A Gandhi pa sak n deeg rẽ ye, la yʋʋmd 9 kiuug rasem 4 wã, a yi b Bombay n kẽng Londõ, a ba-biig sẽn da yã-a wã. A Gandhi kẽnga  University College, London, sẽn zĩnd be wã, la a kẽnga Anglik sɛb lekollẽ ne a Henry Morley yʋʋmd 1888-1889. 

## Sebtiise