Su

**Su** yaa bõn-buud sẽn tar vãad sẽn yaa vãad ne vãad, sẽn yaa miuug ne vãad wall sẽn yaa pemsem ne vãad sẽn ya wa ne vãad. b sẽn yiid tɩ b lebg tɩɩs sẽn yaa yʋʋmdã, tɩ b paam b zut sẽn tar vãad wʋsgo. A yaa we-rũng sẽn yit we-rɩtgã (B. oleracea var. oleraceae), la a yaa "kol-kʋd" bɩ brasica, sẽn dat n yeel t'a yaa ne broccoli la kaalifõr (var. botrytis); bruksels sprouts (var. gemmifera); la savoy chops (var. sabauda). 

Su kẽeng sẽn yaa kãsenga yaa gɛrm 500 n ta 1,000 (1 ne 2 lb). Yaa seb-n-tɩrs sẽn tar vãad sẽn yaa yɩlemd la b sẽn tar gãag sẽn yaa kãenkãe la b yaa seb-n -tɩrsã n yɩɩd taaba. ne seb-n-soab-bi-bees sẽn yaa ne seb-neeb sẽn yaa ne sãnem la seb-need sẽn yaa ne taab sẽn yaa ne bĩng-neebã sẽn yaa ne bob-neeb n yaa neb sẽn pa nongã. La sã n yaa wĩntoog sẽn be daar zãad wʋsgo, b tõe n bɩɩsa bõn-buud-kãsems wʋsgo. Yʋʋmd 2012 wã, b ra tara kood sẽn yaa kãsenga n yaa kilo 62,71 (138 lb 4 oz). B sẽn yãkd tɩ b yãkd tɩbgã, b yãkd-b lame, la b basdame tɩ bõn-vɩɩs nins b sẽn dat n fõog b tɩɩsã bɩ yʋʋm a yiib-n-soabã. Kẽer yaa bõn-kɩtems wʋsg sẽn pa tar nafa, la bãag wʋsg sẽn be bãag la fong pʋgẽ. 

Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, b ra rɩka kaabẽ wã n kõ-a-la b sẽn da tar-a wã. B wilgame tɩ b rɩtga kablo wã hal pĩnd wẽndẽ. B ra yetame tɩ yaa rɩɩb sẽn yaa sõma wʋsg Rom soolmẽ wã. Yʋʋm kobs-gĩndẽ wã, b ra maanda bũmb wʋsg n kõt b rɩɩb Europe wã. B sɩng n maana buud toor-toor hal Renaissance wakatẽ wã, tɩ b fãa yaa Germaan buud-gomd neba. B bɩɩsa seb-kãnga yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 16 soabã. Yʋʋm kobs 17 la 18 wã tɛka, b ra nong n dɩka koob sẽn yaa rɩɩb sẽn yaa bũmb ning fãa sẽn yaa tɩlae ne b nebã tẽns nins sẽn be Erop sẽn be tẽns a ye sʋka, sẽn be sa-noyẽ wã la sẽn be Wẽnde. Sẽn paase, b ra tũnugda ne-a n zabd ne koom-koglgã sẽn be Europe wã tɩ b ra wa tõog n wa paam tɩ b ra paam tɩ b paam tɩ b pa tar bẽed ye. Sẽn sɩng ne rũndã-rũndã sɩngrẽ, b ra leb n lebda ne koabg n kẽng Amerika, Azi la dũniyã gill zugu. 

B tõe n segla b sẽn tõe n dɩ wã ne manesem toor-toore. B tõe n dɩka b sẽn na n dɩ wã n dɩ, b tõe n dɩ-a lame, b tõeeme n dɩ-ba, b tõe tɩ b wa rɩ-a lame (b tõe n dɩt-a lame) bɩ b tõe n rɩ-a-la ne sobg, b tõe t'a wa rɩ-ba, bɩ b tõe tɩ d rɩ-a ne ko-toog, b tõe me n dɩ- a lame, b sã n dɩ-la a ye. Kãagã yaa bõn-vɩɩm sẽn tar tɩt sẽn yaa sõma n kõt-a vitimẽ K, vitimẽ C, la fɩbɛɛr sẽn yaa sõma. Yʋʋmd 2020 wã, dũniyã koglg sẽn yaa kobs la b sẽn yiisd kobs-kãsems toɛy-toɛyã yɩɩ ton milyõ 71, la yaa Sɩna n lʋɩt taoor ne bãmb 48%.

## A bilgri Sen bé toto

Bãagrã sẽn yaa wa b sẽn boond tɩ koobã, b yaa wa b b sẽn boond t'a koobã. Bãag-n-taagã yaa b sẽn yaa wa bõn-buudã, la b yaa b sẽn tar bĩis n yaa b sẽn boond tɩ bẽedã. Bãadã yaa cm 40-60 (15+1⁄2-23+1⁄2 cm) n ta b yʋʋm pipi wã, la b yaa metr 1.5-2 (5-6+1⁄2 ft) n ta a yʋʋm a yiib soabã. Tʋʋs-rãmbã sẽn tar kilo 0,5 n ta 4 wã sʋka, tɩ b buud nins sẽn bɩ tao-tao wã yaa bilf-bilgd n wat ne zut sẽn yaa bilf-bĩis. A sã n yaa waas bɩ a sã n yaa ne a sãnem, a sãnemã yaa waas la a sãnem. Rɩtbã tara yẽgre, tɩ b yaa tɩrs la b pa tar pãng ye. Sẽn yɩɩd 90% n be tẽnga zug tɩ b tõe n kẽe a zug n ta mĩnd 2 m.Bãagrã yaa bõn-buud sẽn pa tar bãag la sẽn pa tar a sẽn tõe n bãng a sẽn na n yɩ to-to wã, n tar a sẽn na yɩl n tall a sẽn na maan a woto wã. Bãag a yembr fãa tara a yags a naasã a naasã, a naasã yaa a naasã la a naasã. Bãag a yoobã sʋka, a yiib n tar filament sẽn yaa bilf n yɩɩd a taabã. A biisã yaa silk sẽn yikd ne tɩlem n kɩtd tɩ b yãgd bõn-buud sẽn yaa wa bĩis sẽn yaa kẽem la sẽn yaa zũnd. B pa tõe n maan b mens pollineer ye, la bõn-vɩɩs n maand-b pollineer ne bug-zĩis ye. Bãagbã sɩngrẽ wã yaa rozeet sẽn tar vãag 7 n ta 15, tɩ b fãa yaa cm 25-35 (10-14), la cm 20-30 (8-12), la rẽ poore, vãagbã sẽn tar sẽb-n-tɩrsã na n paama zut sẽn kẽed ne vãagã n kẽ.
Bõn-buud buud toor-toor pʋsẽ, b tara bõn-naands wʋsgo, la b tara wels wʋsgo, la a sãnem wʋsgo. B pʋɩta taab ne seb-vɩɩs sẽn tar seb-vʋʋs sẽn yaa bĩis-vɩɩse, seb-vɩs sẽn yaa a sẽn tar bĩis sẽn yaa bẽis-vʋʋse, la seb-vẽes sẽn yaa bẽn-vɩɩsã, la b pʋɩta ne seb-wɩɩse, la b sẽn tar bẽis sẽn yaa a-biis-vẽis-n-tɩrsã. B yãta neb sẽn yaa wa b sẽn yaa b sẽn yaa wa sẽn yaa bĩisã, b sẽn yaa zũndã, la b sẽn yaa tɩrsã.
B rɩka b sẽn na n yãk b meng n kõ-b b zutã zɩɩm la b sẽn na yɩl n tõog n zãgs b meng ne yão-gãm-gãmdã, b sẽn tõe n tall-b tɩ b bɩ tao-tao, la b sẽn tõe ne b sẽn tõe tɩ b tall-b to-to wã yĩnga. B yãka buud toor-toor n na n kõ-b-la b sẽn tõe n yã n bãng b sẽn na n maan to-to wã. Sẽn paase, b modgdame tɩ b tõog n tõog n zab ne bõn-buudb la bãas buud toor-toore, la b modgd n paas b sẽn tõe n dɩd kaablã nafa. Zãmsg sẽn kẽed ne B. oleracea koodã sẽn yaa toor-toorã, sẽn tar pʋga, baoosga b sẽn maan n bãnge tɩ b tõe n tõog n kʋ kʋ kʋ kʋɩl-kʋdgdbã la b kʋɩl tɩ b kʋɩ.
B gʋlsa bũmb wʋsg a Zeova Kaset rãmbã sebrẽ sẽn gomd koobã yelle. Yaa b sẽn tar karb sẽn yaa kãsenga, sẽn tar kg 62.71 (138 lb 4 oz), karb sẽn tar karm sẽn yaa kãkãsenga, sẽn tara kg 31.6 (69 lb 11 oz), karba sẽn yaa kãensa, sẽn tar m 19.54 (64 ft),  la karb sẽn ya kãsenga, n tar kg 2,960 (6,526 lb).
## Bãagrã

sãnemã yaa pemse, la b sãnemã ya pemse. B fãa tara b tãnd a naas sẽn yaa b sẽn tall n yaa b sẽn tar n yaa b tãnd-n-taagã. Kẽerã sẽn yaa wa b sẽn boond tɩ kaabã tɩɩsã yaa wa b sãnem-kẽer sẽn tar sũ-noog ne b sẽn tar sũur n yaa wa b sũ-noog n yaa wa sũ-noog la b yaa wa b b sẽn tar b sũ-noogo. Bãadbã sã n wa n beẽ, b sã n wa beẽ, a sã n wa yɩ yʋʋm a yiib-n-soabã, a sãn yaa mɛtɛɛr a 1,5-2,0 (metr a 4 ne metir a 11 ne metir 6 ne metir 7). Tãnd sẽn yaa kãnsã yaa kilo 0,5 n ta kg 4 (1 n ta 8 lb), tɩ b sã n yaa buud-goam sẽn bɩ tao-tao, n bɩɩs pĩnda, b maand-b-la kãnsã sẽn yaa kãs-kãsemse. Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, b sã n wa tar seb-kʋd sẽn yaa kãenkãe, b sãnda yaa sãnda, la b tar zĩ-bĩng sẽn yit sẽn yaa waabg bɩ sẽn yaa gãnd n ta sẽn yaa sõma n yɩɩd; rɩll kẽer sã n yaa ne sãnem, b zẽkda b vãadã. Rɩtbã tara yẽgre, tɩ b yaa tɩrs la b pa tar pãng ye. Ko-kãnga sẽn yaa roogã pãng sẽn ta 90 wã bee tẽngr sẽn be samdã sẽn be a zug n yɩɩd cm 20 la cm 20 wã pʋgẽ. A sã n wa tar a zug yẽgdo, a tõe n kẽe n ta m 2 n ta zĩm-biisi.

## Kʋdemde

Baa ne ko-ko-kãnga sẽn tar tar tar tarem wʋsgã, pa nana tɩ d bãng a sẽn yit zĩig ningã ye Yaa b sẽn boond tɩ "brassicas" wã yĩnga. B sẽn tõe n yeel tɩ yaa ra-kʋdg n yaa wa b sẽn boond tɩ Brassica oleracea wã, b sẽn da yãt-a Bretã la Erop tẽn-bɛdã, yaa tɩrs sẽn pa tar zu-loees, la ka bõn-naands a taab sẽn na n zab ne-a ye la rẽ kɩtame tɩ b beẽ tãnga pʋgẽ, b zĩ-bɛɛgẽ. La b sã n get b sẽn maand bũmb ning, b tõe n yeelame tɩ b yaa bõn-kʋdgd sẽn yi zĩigã la b yiidã. Sã n yaa ne U-rɩsgo wã sẽn wilgd tɩ b sẽn naan n bãng bũmb nins sẽn be Brassica buud toor-toorã sʋka, B. oleracea la bõn-buud a taab sẽn yaa toor ne taaba (buud-buud, buud-buudu, brokoli, bruksel-buud la buud-guusg) yaa yaab-rãmbã sẽn yit a tãabã sʋka.

Tõe tɩ b ra rɩka koobã n yɩɩd sẽn dɩka koob-n-soabgã, wala b sẽn dɩka lense la b ra rɩt-a wa b sẽn dɩt-a wã. Sẽn yaa to-to tɩ b yiisd koodã sẽn yit Wilder B. oleracea wã yĩnga, b tõe n kɩtame tɩ b ra rɩka kaab wʋsg wakat fãa Eropã pʋga. Sẽn pa tar-b nẽg-n-taag ne a ka-kẽ wã ra yaa pipi n paam n paam n kẽed-b n kẽedẽ, sẽn deng yʋʋmd 1000 sẽn deng Kirist rogmã, la tõe tɩ yaa Zɛrɩt rãmbã sẽn be Erop rog-n-soabã la sẽn be tẽns a taab pʋsẽ wã n kõ-b n kõ-ba. La yaa yaa yaa buud-goam la b sẽn tar bãngr-goam sẽn pa kaoos n kõ-d tɩ b bãng tɩ b naan n dɩk-b n kẽng tẽn-kãnga.

Baa ne b sẽn da pa mi b sẽn yaa b sẽn da boond tɩ brasica wã, b ra yaa neb sẽn pa toeemd Mesopotami wã zakẽ wã, b tẽedame tɩ pĩnd wẽndẽ Ezipt nebã ra pa bʋt kablo wã ye.[33][34][35] Gɛrk-rãmbã ra tara buud toor-toor n boond tɩ kaab, wa a Teofras sẽn togsã. La b pa mi b sẽn da yaa taab ne kaab rũndã-rũndã wã bɩ ne Brassica buud toor-toorã ye. [31] Gɛrk rãmbã ra boond tɩ krambe, la Rom nebã ra boond-a lame t'a.

A Krysippus sẽn be Cnidos gʋlsa sebr sẽn gomd kablo yelle, tɩ a Plini ra mi-a, la a pa paam n põse ye.[38] Gɛrk rãmbã ra tẽedame tɩ b pa nong koobã la rãamã ye. La b ra tẽedame t'a sã n bʋd koobã sẽn pẽd-a wʋsgã, a yũuda a sẽn pa ratã.

Rom dãmba kẽer ra getame tɩ Brassica yaa rɩɩb sẽn yaa sõma,[40] la a Lucullus ra getame t'a pa zems ne senatɛɛr rɩɩb ye.[41] A Cato sẽn yaa nin-kẽemdã, sẽn sak n tũ a sẽn yaa Republikanã vɩɩm, rɩka a koobã sẽn da wa n dɩ bɩ a sẽn da wa ne a sẽn da zãad ne a sãnem; a yeelame t'a yɩɩda bõn-buud a taabã fãa, la a wilg tɩ a tara sor a tãabo; a leb n kõ-a lame tɩbsg sẽn na yɩl n tall-a tɩ b tõog n kõ-b tɩbdo, n tɩ ta koobã rɩtbã pipi, tɩ b tõe n zãgs b kom-bɩɩsã. [42] A Plin sẽn yaa Kãsemã wilga buud a yopoe, sẽn tar n be Pompeii, Cumae la Sabellien kabse.

A Plini yeelame tɩ Pompeii kablo wã sẽn pa tõe n zãag ne ko-kãnga yaa "kõang n tar gãn-kãnga n pẽ ne yẽgã, la a bɩt n yaa gãn-kẽeng ne a vãadã sʋka, tɩ b sã n yaa kãenkẽ, la b sũ-bʋgsem yaa sõma".[40] A Columella me goma Pompeii kablo wã yell a De Re Rustica pʋgẽ. [40] A Apicius kõo b rãmb sẽn maand tɩ b tõe n dɩ kauliculi wã, la b yãkd-b tɩ b maan kaali. Gɛrk rãmbã ne Rom nebã ra yetame tɩ b ra tõe n dɩka b sãnem-kẽmb tɩ b maag b yĩng n wa paam tɩlem, tɩ b ra miẽ tɩ b sã n dɩt-b tɩlem, b na n paama bãag n wa ki.

A ra pa nong a Zeova ye. A ra nong-a lame.[39] Kẽer kell n zĩnda pĩnd wẽndẽ wã sẽn yaa lekollã pʋgẽ, la rɩɩb zĩigẽ: yʋʋm kob-gĩnd a ye soabã pʋgẽ, a Dioscorides goma tɩrɩ-kẽer buud a yiibu sẽn tar tɩbsg tʋʋmde, sẽn yaa b sẽn bɩɩsd-b la b sẽn maand-b weoogẽ wã yelle.  La a tagsg kell n zĩndame tɩb pʋsẽ hal yʋʋm kob-lik a 17 soabã pʋgẽ.

A Anthimus sẽn yaa Gɛrk logtor sẽn da be Teodorique Kãsem zakẽ wã yeelame tɩ b goma pĩigã yell ne sebr ning sẽn boond tɩ De observatione ciborum ("Bɩ b ges rɩɩbã yelle"). B ra tara seb-kʋd-kãsems sẽn be Capitulare de villis wã pʋgẽ, sẽn zĩnd yʋʋmd 771-800 sẽn pʋgl yʋʋmd 500 wã pʋgẽ, n wilg a Karlemã Kãsemã sẽn na n dɩ naam a naamã.

A Britanni wã, Anglo-Saxonsã ra bɩɩsdda kawel.[44] Yʋʋm kobs 14 soabã sẽn zĩnd Angletɛɛrã, b sẽn boond tɩ kabãs ne kabãsã, yaa gom-biis sẽn yit Frans kʋdemdã pʋgẽ la b sẽn sɩng n gomd bĩis nins b sẽn pa tʋlg n kõ wã yelle.  Wakat kãnga, b sẽn da gʋlsd seb-kãngã n sɩng ne "Bɩ y rɩk kabãs n tɩgs-b n tɩgs b bẽedẽ",  b wilgame tɩ b ra tara kabãs sẽn yaa kãn-kãe.

Sẽn yaa to-to wã, b ra tara karẽn-biis sẽn yaa naong rãmba, la b ra rɩt-b-la b rɩɩb n pa tar b rɩɩb ye. B ra rɩta karẽn-bugs n pa tar bur bɩ kiim ye.[27][47][48] A Jean Ruel sẽn yaa Frans bãngd a sẽn boond tɩ "Naturalist" wã ra gomda kãn-kãe wã yell n wilg tɩ yaa kãn-kaaba (capucos coles) n yeel tɩ "kaaba" (head-coles) a sẽn gʋls yʋʋmd 1536 wã pʋgẽ.

A Selim III sẽn be Istanbul wã gʋlsa yɩɩl sẽn gomd kaab yelle: kaabẽ wã sã n da ka be, a ka na n maan halvã wã ye. [50] Ind soolmẽ wã, yaa bõn-buud wʋsg la b sẽn da yiisd b pʋsẽ. B ra yaa b sẽn da tʋmd ne b teed n maand teed n maand b teed n yaool n maand b toorẽ wã.[51] A Carl Peter Thunberg wilgame tɩ yʋʋmd 1775 wã, Japõn nebã ra pa mi koob ye.

B ra tara buud toor-toor n naan wa rɩt-b-la ne b sẽn naanã.[20] Yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 16 soabã pʋgẽ, Alemãnd zẽedbã ra modgdda seb-kãnga. [52] Yʋʋm kobs 17 la 18 wã pʋgẽ, b ra rɩta koob sẽn yaa sõma tẽns a taab wala Alemayn, Angletɛɛr, Iriland la Risi, la b ra rɩt koob sẽn pa tar tɩrɩd wakat fãa. [4] Ned sẽn da yaa Nedɛland, Scandinavi la Alemayn koom-koglgã taoor dãmb ra tũnugda ne sauerkrautã n zab ne sikorbitã sẽn da maand koom-koglg yel-gɛtã pʋgẽ.

A Jacques Cartier n wa ne koabg Amerɛɛk soolmẽ yʋʋmd 1541-42, la yaa sɩd tɩ Angletɛɛr dãmb n da bʋd-a hal tɩ b pa yãend tɩ koabg beẽ hal yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 17 soabã sʋka. Yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 18 soabã tɛka, kolondbã la Amerɛɛnd dãmb n da plant-a. [20] B sẽn da wa n dɩkd b koodã n kẽng Ostrali wã, b kẽnga ne b sodaas a yembr sẽn be b tãb-biisã n be n be n tɩ tɩge. A lebga Australia nebã sẽn nong-a n yɩɩd yʋʋmd 1830 wã pʋgẽ, la b ra yãt-a-la wʋsg Sydney wã wã wã. [52] Sẽn sɩng ne yʋʋmd 1325 wã, b boond tɩ Zelný trh wã, sẽn be Brno, Tchèque, tɩ b boond tɩ koabgã yʋʋr yĩnga.

#### Modg-n-taagã
Bãagã yaa b sẽn naan ne b zut sẽn tar vãad wʋsg n naanã, la b yiisda a yʋʋm a yiib-n-soabã yʋʋm pipi soabã pʋgẽ. Bãadã sã n bɩɩ zĩ-sõngẽ, la wĩntoog sẽn be zĩig ningã, b tõe n paama biis sõma. Rɩt toor-toore nongda tẽnga buud toor-toorã, sẽn sɩng ne sobg sẽn yaa vẽeneg n ta ne tãb-biis sẽn yaa toog ne-ba, la b fãa nongda tẽnga sẽn tar pʋga sẽn tar pH sẽn be sʋka, n be 6.0 n ta 6.8.[53] Sẽn na yɩl tɩ b bɩ sõma, b segd n paama azɩtɛɛr sẽn zems zãng tẽnga pʋgẽ, sẽn yɩɩd fãa b sẽn sɩng n maand b zutã sasa, la fosfor la potasiy sẽn zems tɩ b tõog n maan b sãnemã sãnemã sɩngrẽ

La sã n yaa tʋʋlg sẽn be a 4 n ta a 24 °C wã, b tõe n paama pãng n paase, la sã n yaa tɩre, b tõeeme n paama tɩre. [53] Bãagrã sã n wa yik n wa lebgẽ, b sã n wa lebg n wa lebg tɩ yaa wa b sẽn yaa kom-bɩɩsã, b sãnda na n wa yikame. B sã n wa lebg kom-bɩɩse, b sã n wa lebga nin-kẽemdã, b sãn yaa kom-bõonegã sẽn yaa milimɛtɛɛr 6 bɩ milimɛtɛr a 4 bɩ. Sẽn na yɩl tɩ tɩɩgã lebg kãenkãe, a tõe n paama pãng n yaool n yi. La sã n yaa tɩre, b tõe n bʋga koobã sẽn sɩng ne sẽk wakat ning sẽn yaa koabg wakatẽ wã, n tõog n vɩɩmd n tãag wakat ning sẽn na n yɩ zãma wã, n pa kɩt tɩ b zẽk b mens n tɩ yi, la yaa yel-kãng n da yaa b sẽn da maand Etazĩni soolmã rʋʋg-bilã pʋgẽ wã.

B sɩngda tɩɩsã ne zĩig sẽn kogendẽ, la b yaool n dɩkda b tɩɩsã n tɩ dɩk b tɩɩsã. La b sã n dɩk b tɩɩgã, b sã n tɩ dɩk-a n tɩ tɩ tɩ yi tẽngã pʋgẽ, b sãnda yaa b sẽn na n dɩk-a wã. [7] Sẽn yaa toor ne bõn-buudã, b sã n bʋd b sẽn bʋd b tɩlgã, b sãn yaa ne wĩndg sẽn be be tʋʋlg sẽn be be beem 20 la 30 °C (68 la 86 °F) wã, b sãnda b rogda rasem 4-6 pʋgẽ. [56] Sẽn yidgd-b tɩɩsã taa zĩiga, tɩ b pa tar tɩlem n yɩɩd cm 30 n tãag 61 ye. [7] Sẽn na yɩl n tõog n paam n bãng tɩ b sẽn tar vẽenemã yaa sõma, b segd n maana bũmb sẽn pa tar yõod wʋsg ne b taabã.

B ra maanda buud toor-toor n na n maan tɩbsg yĩnga. B pa maand zut ye, la b tara vãad sẽn yaa wa ne waor wall waor sẽn gũbg vãad sẽn ya waor sẽn yaa pemse, waor bɩ roze. [7] Sẽn sɩng ne b sẽn bʋd-a wã, b rɩka rasem 70 n ta b sẽn tõe n bɩɩse, la sẽn kaoosd ne b sẽn tõe tɩ b bɩɩs-a wã rɩka rasem 120 n ta.

B sã n paam tɩ b ta a taab n tar pãng n pa le tar pãng n kʋ-a, b bɩɩme. B tigimdda b sã n pãbd b sãn-kãnga ne b sãnku. B sã n wa n zãgs b sãbgã, b sã n wa zãgs b sẽbgã, bɩ b sãb-b sãbgã. [59] Sẽn na yɩl n tõog n paam n paam n bãng tɩ b sẽn pa tar bẽdgã, b tõe n kɩtame tɩ b gãneg n kẽe n lebg n lebg kãnsãmba. 

B sã n bʋd bõn-buudã, b segd n zãaga b tɩlgã ne B. oleracea buud toor-toorã, sẽn tar n be zĩig pʋgẽ wã, n maan km 0.8 n ta 1.6 n da wa yɩg n da wa maan tɩ b pa tõe n maan tɩlgã ye. Brassica buud a taab, wala B. rapa, B. juncea, B. nigra, B. napus la Raphanus sativus, pa maand-b-la b toor-toorã ye.

#### Rɩt-rãmbã

Bãagã buud toor-toor n be, tɩ ned kam fãa tar buud toor-toore:

•Savoy - B sẽn tar vãad sẽn yaa kãnsẽ bɩ sẽn yaa tɩlem, tɩlem sẽn yaa bʋgsem la sũ-bʋgsem.

•Rɩk-y n dɩk-y-yã-yã-a, n dɩk a rɩɩbã n dɩk n dɩk ye.

•Zĩin - Zĩin sẽn yaa vẽenem n yaa yĩn-to-to-solem, n yaa zut sẽn yaa wa sẽn yaa wa ne yĩn-tɩrga.

•Rõ - Rõ-rõ-rɩt sẽn yaa tɩlem, tɩ b tũnugd ne-a n dɩt-a bɩ n dɩt a rɩɩbã.

•Bĩng sẽn boond me tɩ Hollandi - Wẽnda sẽn yaa walemd la sẽn yaa vãad sẽn palemd.

Sã n yaa ne Biiblã sɛb kẽer, b wilgame tɩ b yaa buud a tãabo: seb-yũud, sẽn-tɩrs la sẽn-tɩrse, la b rɩka seb-yũudu la seb-yũuda.

#### Rɩt-yã-yã
Sẽn yaa to-to tɩ b sẽn tar nafa wã yaa sõma. Rẽ yĩnga, b tõe n paama nafa wʋsg n paas tɩ b tõe n paam n paam n kõ-a-la boto, kalsiyam, fosfor la potasiyam. [53] Neb wʋsg sẽn pa mi tɩ b tõe n paam tɩ b ra wa paam n dɩka b rɩɩbã, b pa tõe n paam n dɩ tɩ b ra pa le tar ye. B sã n wa kʋ-a, a sã n wa wa wa wa puk a zugẽ wã, a sãnda sã n wa puk a yĩngẽ wã yaa wa a sã n pa tarẽ wã. Necrotic spot yaa zĩ-bĩng sẽn yaa waal sẽn tar milimɛtɛɛr a wãn n yaa b sẽn tigimd ne b sẽn be b gãagã zugã. B sẽn maand tɩ b pa tar bĩngã, b maandẽ wa b sẽn maandẽ wã.

Fong bãas sʋka, wirestem, sẽn wat ne tɩbsg sẽn yaa pãn-komsem bɩ sẽn wat ne kũum; Fusarium yellows, sẽn wat n wat ne tɩbã sẽn yaa walemd la b sẽn yaa walegd ne vãad sẽn yaa walega; la blackleg (Ges-y Leptosphaeria maculans), sẽn wat ne zĩn sẽn yaa waligd ne remsã la vãad sẽn tar sãnem-brõon sẽn yaa walagd. [64] Fong Alternaria brassicae la A. brassicicola wã kɩtame tɩ fẽngã sẽn yaa wa bĩnggã na n yɩɩ wa bĩnd sẽn yaa wa a sẽn yaa wa. B fãa yaa bõn-buud la b yaa yĩngri, la b leb n yalgdda ne bõn-buudu sẽn tar bãaga sẽn be tẽngã zug semen sẽn yi n wa paam kibs rasem piig la a yiibu. Rhizoctonia solani yaa bãag sẽn wat n ki wã sababd tɩ b kʋ bõn-buudã ("dõm-gãongã", tɩ yẽgã yĩn-gãong bɩ bɩgã pa le paasdẽ, la b gãneg-b-la wʋsgo.

La bãag sẽn yaa to-to wã sẽn yaa bãag sẽn yɩɩd bãagã yaa bãag-zĩis sẽn yaa bãaga, tɩ yaa bãag ning sẽn yaa bã-zĩiga sẽn yaa bãad sẽn yaa bãada, tɩ yaa Xanthomonas campestris sẽn wat ne bãag-zoɛt sẽn yaa bãas sẽn yaa bãagd ne bãagã, la bãagã sã n wa n wa n kiidẽ. B sẽn tar-a ne tãnsã sẽn yaa wa tãnsã, a kɩtdame tɩ yẽgã wa wa tãns n wa pukd n wa. A ye yaa bãaga sẽn yaa wa a Peronospora parasitica sẽn wat ne wã.  A yaa bãaga n kɩt tɩ b yiisd vãad sẽn yaa wa bĩngd ne sãnem, wa b sẽn yaa wa wa bĩnd sẽn yaa wa oliivã.

Bõn-wẽnsã sʋka, yaa roog-n-toog nematood la koob-n-goosg sẽn wat ne tɩɩs sẽn yaa wa b sẽn pa tar tɩb sẽn yaa wa sãnemã; bõn-gãosg sẽn kɩtd tɩ tɩɩs sẽn tar tɩb n yaa wa b sãnemã la sãnemã, la b sẽn kɩtd t'a lebg wa bĩng la sãnemdã; bõnã sẽn wat ne vãs sẽn yaa sãnem la sãnemdgã; bõnn-gãosgoosg nins sẽn wat ne sãnem-brõog sẽn yaa wa rẽndã; bẽng sẽn wat ne bĩng sẽn yaa wa a ye; bẽnd sẽn tar tɩbã sẽn yaa wa sẽn yaa wa yẽng sẽn yaa to-to, la bẽng-bõng sẽn yaa kãsenga.[64] "Kãag-kẽengã" (Pieris rapae) sẽn yaa wa "kẽeng sẽn tall kaag-kẽnegã" sẽn yaa wa b sẽn boond tɩ "kẽem sẽn tall kaagdã" wã yaa kaag-kɛg-kẽemd sẽn yaa kãseng tẽns wʋsg pʋsẽ

Bãngr-gomd-kãsengã (Pieris brassicae) yaa Erop tẽnsẽ. A Zĩnd-rɩt (Plutella xylostella) la a Mamestra brassicae wã bee Erop soolmã tʋʋlg wakate, b sãamda b koodã wʋsgo. [66] Bãag sẽn boond tɩ moustard leaf beetle (Phaedon cochleariae) yaa bõn-naand sẽn yaa toor fasɩ ne koob tɩɩsẽ. [67] Bãagã sẽn tar moasã vãadã nong n dɩka koob n yɩɩd b tɩɩs nins sẽn yaa b sẽn dɩt-bã, bala koobã tara bõn-naands wʋsg sẽn tar yũ-noog wa glucosinolate sẽn kengd tɩ b rɩ-a sõma. [68] A sẽn maan woto wã yaa tẽn-kɩtbã sẽn tar bũmbu, la b sẽn maand tɩ b yũud bõn-naandsã. [69] Ind soolmẽ wã, b sãamda kood nins b sẽn da pa zãag ne kʋɩlen-kʋʋdb tɩ b paam n kʋ-b n dɩ wã n ta 90%. [70] B sẽn tar bugum sẽn sãamd tẽnga wala b sẽn boond tɩ "Cabbage root fly" (Delia radicum) wã, b tõe n paama b tɩb sẽn kẽed ne tɩɩgã sẽn yaa ninsaalb n dɩtẽ.

Sẽn bʋd-b be ka-kẽengã neb a taabã sʋka, bɩ b sẽn zĩnd zĩig ning b sẽn da plant-b wã yʋʋm sẽn loogã, tõe n kɩtame tɩ kʋdm-wẽnsã la bãadã yalg n paas. [53] Ko-kãsengã sẽn yaa wʋsgo, la ko-kãsengã sã n yaa wʋsgo, tõe n kɩtame tɩ b pa le tõe n bɩɩs koodã ye.

Sẽn kɩtd tɩ b pa tar pãng n yɩɩd b sẽn maand b sẽn datã yaa: b sẽn pa maand koodã, koom sẽn pa tar koomã, bugum la bãadã sẽn maandã, la b sẽn maand zĩm-gãongã la b sẽn tar nafa wã yĩnga.

## toxiikã

B sã n wa n dɩt-a wʋsgo, b yiisda sulfĩid hidrogɛnd gaz sẽn tar sumu. [72] 

Sẽn yɩɩd a sẽn tõe n dɩka a meng ne a meng wã tõe n kɩtame tɩ b yĩnsã gãag n paas n kɩt tɩ b yĩs n wa yik n wa n wa n kʋdgdẽ, tɩ rẽ yaa a sẽn yaa a rafinose, sẽn yaa a sẽn pa tõe n digel a pʋgẽ wã yĩnga, la a sẽn yaa bãaga sẽn be a pʋgẽ wã n kɩt tɩ a lebg a woto. [73]74

B wilgame tɩ b sẽn da tar koodã, b ra pa tõe n kʋ-a ye.[75] Sẽn paase, b ra yãta tɩ b ra rɩka bõn-buudã n kõ-b tɩ b ra tõe n yã-b ye. [75] B sẽn da maand woto wã, b ra tõe n dɩka b mens n dɩt n dɩt-b. A E. coli sẽn ki Etazĩni wã, b wilgame tɩ b ra rɩta koobã naoor a yiib n tɩ loe ne koobã. B sẽn maan sogs-n-tɩrgã wɛɛngẽ wã, b wilgame tɩ b tõe n wa maana wa b sẽn da wa n maand n paas ne ko-kẽeng sẽn pa yɩl n wãbgã, tɩ rẽ yaa rẽgd sẽn be b sẽn dat n bɩɩs-b to-to, b sẽn tigsd-b to wã la b sẽn pakd-b to - to wã.[76] Sẽn yaa rẽgd koomẽ, ninsaalbẽ, rũmsẽ la tẽnga pʋgẽ wã tõe n kɩtame tɩ b lebg b sẽn dat n dɩk-b n kẽng kaabẽ wã, la b kẽng n kẽng n tɩ tɩ tɩ kõ-b tɩ b yaool n dɩk-a. [77]

## D rɩkda
Glucosinolate wã yaa glucoside sẽn tar sulfɛɛr buud sẽn kɩt tɩ b yũub wa b sẽn nong n nong n nongã. Baa ne b sẽn yãt tɩ tɩɩgã fãa beẽ wã, bõn-kãens yaa wʋsg n beẽ wã. B yãta bõn-kãens wʋsg sẽn yaa bilf ne kom-bɩɩsã, la b boogda b sẽn wa n kʋʋdẽ wã. B wae n ningda koob sẽn yaa sõma wã b sẽn dat n yeel tɩ b yũuda sõma, tɩ b yũud-a-la sõma. B sã n wa n dɩka koobã n tɩg n dɩt a to, b na n paama koobã.

Tẽns gill zugu, b rɩtda kablo wʋsgo: Rɛɛs-rãmbã rɩtda kobs sẽn yɩɩd yʋʋmd fãa, ne kg 20 (44 lb), sẽn pʋgda ne Bɛlg sẽn dɩk kg 4.7 (10 lb 6 oz) la Nizo-rɛlgã sẽn dɩk kilogram 4,0 (8 lb 13 oz). Amerik rãmb rɩta kilo 3,9 (lb 8,6) yʋʋmd fãa ned kam fãa zugu.

### Dɩɩb sẽn yaa sõma

Koobã sẽn yaa toor-toorã yaa koom sẽn yaa 92%, koob-yũud sẽn yaa 6%, poroteen sẽn yaa 1%, la yĩn-gãongã yaa wʋsgo. B sẽn tar gram 100 n tarã, b yaa witãam C la bitãam K sẽn tar wʋsg tɩ b tar a 44% la a 72% n tar a daarã yõodã.Kẽmbã me yaa bõn-vɩɩm sẽn yaa toogo (10-19% DV) sẽn tar B6 la folatã, tɩ bũmb a to sẽn pa tar yõod ne gram 100 fãa ka tar ye

### Tẽnsẽ wã neb sẽn talldto-to wã

Sẽn na yɩl n paam n paam n bãng b sẽn na n paam n dɩka b rɩɩbã, b segd n goma b sẽn na yɩl n bãng b sã n na n dɩka a rɩɩbã n dɩka rɩɩb nins b sẽn kõ-dã yelle. Sẽn yaa b sẽn tũnugd ne wã, sẽn yɩɩd fãa, yaa sẽn yaa b sẽn tar koomã sẽn yaa bilfã. [10] B rɩka b sẽn na n dɩka b sẽn tõe n dɩka a rɩɩbã n kõ-ba. Sẽn na yɩl n paas b tʋʋmdã sõma, b sã n wa tigimd b sẽn tigimd-b ne b nusã, b tigimd n pakd-b zĩig pʋgẽ. [84]

Sẽn na yɩl n paam tɩ b lebg ko-ko-ko-kãnga, b tõe n zãgsda ko-ko wã tɩ yɩ sõma. Kẽer tõe n paama sẽk n yɩɩg n yɩɩg −1 °C la 2 °C (30 °F la 36 °F) ne koom sẽn yaa 90-100%; b tõe n maana woto n kaoosd n ta kiuug a yoob. B sã n tall-a-la ne zu-loees sẽn pa sõma ye, a tõe n kaoosame n ta kiuug a naas. [84]

### Dĩm-vɩɩm

B maanda koobã la b rɩt-a-la ne manesem wʋsg. Sẽn yaa nana n tõe n maan yaa tɩ b rɩt-a ne ko-ko-ko-kãnga bɩ b rɩt a ne sobdo, baa ne tɩ rɩɩb wʋsg yaa b sẽn dɩt-a wã.[27] Kẽer yaa bũmb sẽn yaa nana n maand tɩ b tõe n tall kaabg n dɩ, n naan rɩ-b wa kaabg la kimchi, la baa ne a sẽn yaa nana wã, b maanda kaabg ne a Napa.[7][27] B wae n dɩka seb-kãnga n dɩt-b tɩ b tɩgs-b tɩbse.[10] Tofu ne koob yaa Sɩngd rɩɩb sẽn yaa bũmb sẽn tar yõod wʋsg wã pʋgẽ, la b maanda ne koob sẽn yaa koob sẽn pa tarã la b rɩt ne namsg sẽn yaa koabg la b rɩta ne namsg.[85][86]

Polõnd soolmẽ wã, yaa rɩɩb buud-goam wʋsg n paamd seb-kãnga. B rɩt-a lame, b sẽn dat n segl-a wã, b rɩt-b lame, b rɩta-a lame. Europẽ tẽns a taab sẽn be Wãgɛɛr la Romaynã me tara taab n dɩtẽ.[87] Ind ne Etiopi, b wae n naagda koob-kẽem ne saalase la b sẽn maand tɩ b yũ-a wã. [88] Etazĩni, b tũnugda ne koobg n naan naan naan naan yɩg n naan yɩg ne koobgã, n yaool n naan naan maan ne koobga. [43]

### Phytochemicals
Bãngr-goamã sẽn kẽed ne seb-n-tɩrsã wɛɛngẽ wã yaa b sẽn na n bãnge tɩ sã n yaa tɩrgã sẽn kẽed n yaa ne bãagã, wala sulforafan la glucosinolate wã tõe n sãama bãagã. [89] B maana vaeesgo ne bõn-buud sẽn yaa bõn-buudu, sẽn tar pʋga, tɩ b tõe n boog b yĩnsã bãaga. [90] Koob yaa indole-3-carbinol sor, sẽn yaa kimikal sẽn be vaeesg pʋgẽ, a sẽn tõe n tall a zʋg-sõma wã yĩnga.

### Dĩm-dãmbã

Sẽn paase, b ra rɩta ko-kẽeng n paas tɩ b ra rɩt-a ye. Gɛrk-rãmbã ra sagenda tɩ b rɩt tɩɩgã tɩ b yɩ tɩlsd-yãgdga, la b tũnug ne koob-rɩtgã yũub tɩ b tõog n kʋ-a ne fõog sẽn yaa bãaga, la b rɩkd-a n kõ b nifã tɩbse, la b yãk-a tɩ b rɩk-a n tɩ kõ b nin-yãgdbã tɩ b tõog bũmbu.[49][92][93] Rom pĩnd wẽndẽ soabã, a Plini Kãsemã, goma bõn-buudã sẽn yaa rɩɩb la tɩɩm wɛɛngẽ wã yelle. [94] Sẽn na yɩl n boog rãamã yũubã, pĩnd Ezipt nebã rɩta ra-kãag sẽn da yaa b sẽn da rɩ wã sɩngrẽ. [35] Woto ra ket n be Europe sɛb pʋsẽ hal yʋʋm 20 soabã sʋka. [95] 

A sã n da yaa wa a sãnemã, b ra tũnugda ne-a n maand tɩ b na n tõog n kʋ-a, la b ra tũnugd ne-a tɩ b na yɩl n maag a yĩns la a kɩt t'a kɩt tɩ b yĩnsã lebg kãn-kãe. Sã n yaa ne bãagã, bãagã yaa bãagã. A sã n wa tar bãagã a na n yɩɩ bãagã la a na n paama bãagã t'a na n yɩɩ wa bãagã sẽn yaa bãag-n-taagã.[95] B rɩka raopã la raopã yũub tɩ b yiis b sẽn na n wa n kʋ kʋ kʋɩtbã, pulmonɩ, apandisit la waasã. [95]

## Ges-y me

•List of cabbage dishes

.icon Food portal

## Tʋʋm nins b sẽn ning n wilg

•Bradley, Fern Marshall; Ellis, Barbara W.; Martin, Deborah L., eds. (2009). 

•The Organic Gardener's Handbook of Natural Pest and Disease Control. Rodale, Inc. ISBN 978-1-60529-677-7.

•Dixon, Geoffrey R. (2007). •Vegetable Brassicas and Related Crucifers. 

•Crop Production Science in Horticulture. Vol. 14. CAB International. 

•ISBN 978-0-85199-395-9.
Janick, Jules (2011).
 
•Plant Breeding Reviews. Vol. 35. John Wiley & Sons. 

•ISBN 978-1-118-10049-3.

•Katz, Solomon H.; Weaver, William Woys (2003). Encyclopedia of Food and Culture. Vol. 2. Scribner. ISBN 978-0-684-80565-8.

•Maynard, Donald N.; Hochmuth, George J. (2007). 

•Knott's Handbook for Vegetable Growers (5th ed.). Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-73828-2.
Ordas, Amando; Cartea, M. Elena (2008). "Cabbage and Kale".
 
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