Morna (music)

Morna (Portugal ne Cape Verdean Creole: [ˈmɔɾnɐ]) yaa mizik la dans buud sẽn yit Cape Verde. 

Yaa ne Cape Verdean Creole la b gʋlsd yɩɩlã

Morna yaa b sẽn getã n yaa Cape Verde tẽnga mizikã,  wa fado sẽn yaa Portugal, tango sẽn yaa Argentine, merengue sẽn yaa Domiinikan tẽnga, rumba sẽn yaa Kuba, la b sẽn boond tɩ.

Sẽn yɩɩl-a yɩɩl-kãsenga n yɩɩdã yaa Cesária Évora. Morna ne buud-goam a taab sẽn yaa Kaab-Verd mizik me yaa b sẽn getã Kaab-verd nebã sẽn be tẽn-zẽmsẽ wã, sẽn yɩɩd fãa, Etazĩni, Portugal, Nizo-Bɛɛr, Frans, Afirik Wɛtgã la Latɛn-Amerika zĩisẽ.

## Wa yɩɩl buud
Wa yɩɩl buud a ye, morna wã yaa yɩɩl sẽn pa tar pãng n yaa wa a sẽn yaa to-to, a yaa yɩɩl a yiib sẽn yaa to - to (wansa 4)  la a sẽn yaa a sẽn yaa siglgã sẽn yaa to wã yaa yɩɩll sẽn yaa to a nu-n-soabã,  tɩ yɩɩl-kãnga yaa yɩɩl-kẽeng sẽn yaa toore. Morna wã yaa wakat fãa sẽn yaa to-to, yaa woto: b gʋlsda a yembr bala. Yaa pa nana ne b sẽn maand yɩɩl n yɩɩd a ye, la yaa b sẽn bas tɩ b lebg kãsengo, wall b lebg n lebg kãsenge.

#### B sẽn maan to-to wã
Sẽn yaa a sẽn yaa a sẽn yɩɩd a taabã, a morna wã yaa a nu-biiga. Sẽn sɩng ne harmonikã sẽn yaa to-to wã yaa t'a yaa t'o yaa tonikã, t'a yiib-n-soabã yaa t'i yaa t'uusg-n-se-n-sʋka (a sẽn yaa to wã), t'a tãab-n-to wã me yaa t'e yaa t' a pipi wã, t' a naas-n-taabã yaa t-a sẽn yaa t'an-soabã (a sẽn ya t'a lʋɩɩs-n-tʋʋmdã) n sɩng ne t'a ket n yaa t'ai wã. B sẽn boond tɩ tonik, dominant a yopoe soabã, subdominant wã, yaa "primeira", "segunda" la "terceira" (b sẽn boond tɩ pipi, yiib-n-soaba, la tãab-n-saamb) sẽn yaa b sẽn boond tɩ "tone wã" wã. Wala makre, b sã n wa yɩɩl ne A-beoog sẽn pa mi b mensẽ, b na n yeelame tɩ A-beogr sẽn pa mi a taabã yaa "primeira de Lá menor" (a pipi n pa mi a soabã), tɩ E-beogr a 7 soabã yaa "segunda de Lá menor", tɩ D-beogrã yaa "terceira de Lá minor" (a tãab n pa mi b taabã).

La woto yaa morna sẽn yaa bũmb ning sẽn yaa bũmb sẽn pa to wã la sẽn yaa bũmb nins sẽn yaa bũmb a to wã. Pipi, b kɩtame tɩ b lebg sõma n paas ne b sẽn boond tɩ "tũud-n-taase" (Ges-y sull ning sẽn pʋgdã). A yiib-n-soabã, b pa segd n maan woto ye. Kompozitã wʋsg, sẽn yɩɩd fãa kompozitã sẽn yaa wa pĩndã, tʋmda ne yɩɩl sẽn pa wõnd taaba.

#### Dẽn-biis sẽn yaa sõma

Yɩɩllã pʋgẽ, morna wã yɩɩlã yaa toor-toore, la yɩɩlã sẽn tar no-kãnga n yikdẽ la b yikdẽ wã pa yembr ye. A morna wã sẽn yaa bũmb ning sẽn maand wʋsg n kɩt tɩ b pa miẽ tɩ b yaa sõma wã yaa b sẽn pa miẽ t'a yaa sõma n yɩɩd ye. B yɩɩla yɩɩl pipi la a poorẽ wã.

Yɩɩllã yaa vɛrse, tɩ b leb n gʋlsd-a-la ne seb-n-taase. B sẽn boond tɩ "ABABAB" wã, b sẽn boond tɩ b sẽn boond t'a "ABAB" yaa b sẽn boond n'a "B" wã. , ABCBABCB ... , ACBACB ... , AABCCB ... , etc. Yɩɩll ning sẽn gomd yɩɩl ning yellã yɩɩl pa yembr ne yɩɩl nins sẽn gomd yɩɩll a taabã yell ye.

### Sõsg ning sẽn be
Yaa bũmb toor-toor la b gomda, la yaa yel-bũnd kẽer la b wae n gomd-b-la naoor wʋsgo. Sẽn paasd bũmb nins sẽn yaa dũniyã gill zugu, wala nonglem, b gomda Cape Verde nebã yell wʋsgo, wala sã n wa yi tẽn-zẽnga, sã n wa lebg n wa, sã n dat n wa paam laafɩ, sã n nong b tẽng la b sẽn nong ko-kãsengã. Yaa nin-kãsems nins sẽn da maand yɩɩlã n wilg tɩ b tara tema wã yaa seb-gʋlsd a Eugénio Tavares sẽn sɩng yʋʋm 20 soabã sɩngrẽ n wilg tɩ yaa b sẽn getẽ tɩ b yaa b sẽn yetẽ tɩ b tõe n maan yɩɩl-rãmb la b bãngd sẽn yaa b sẽn nongẽ wã.

### Sõngr sẽn yaa sõma
Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, b sẽn boond tɩ morna wã yaa gita, tɩ b boond-a tɩ "violão" ne buud-goam sẽn boond tɩ Cape Verde wã. A sẽn yaa a sẽn yaa nana wã, a sã n yaa gita, a tõe n yɩɩ yɩɩ yɩɩl-gʋndga, a yɩɩl-n-taag bɩ a yɩɩldã koɛɛg wall a yɩɩlb a taab fãa. B boond-b lame tɩ "mãozada" ne buud-goam nins sẽn be Cape Verde wã. A sẽn wa n wa n na n yɩɩdã, a na n yɩɩla ne a nug-bilã, n wilg a sẽn na n yɩɩl sõma wã. B tõe n yɩɩla morna wã piyano zug me, tɩ b rɩtg nusã yaa bassã la yɩɩl ning b sẽn yãkã, la b rɩtgã yaa yɩɩl ning sẽn yãkã.

A sẽn yaa wa a sẽn yaa to-to wã pa tar pãng ye. Bãng sẽn yaa kãsenga tõe n tara gitaar sẽn be wã toor sẽn ka be, cavaquinho (n sẽn kẽnd ne a sẽn tõe n maan bũmb ningã), gitaar sẽn yaa to-to ne a piig bɩ piig la a yiibu (n sẽn boond tɩ "viola" ne buud-gomdã sẽn yaa to wã, sẽn kõt-a pãng sẽn zems ne taabã), instrument a yembr sẽn pa naag ne yɩɩlã soab koɛɛgã, la instrument a to. Bãngr sẽn yaa kãsenga tõe n tara gita a to, akustika bas gita, instrument a yembr bal (violẽ, klarinɛt, trumpet, wãbgo, wãbdo, wãbge, wãbga) la instrument a taab (shaker, güiro, bongos wãbge).

Yʋʋmd 1960 wã tɛka, morna wã sɩngame n lebg elektrifization, tɩ b lebs n dɩk b to-to-to-yoodã n dɩk a to-to n dɩk a drom-to-doog n lebs n dɩk a bass-to-soabã n dɩk electric-to-zoog n dɩk a place. Yʋʋmd 1990 wã saabẽ wã, b lebg n waame n lebg n wa n maana yɩɩl sẽn pa tar kasetã.

Sẽn yaa to-to wã, yɩɩl sɩngda ne gom-biis sẽn be b sẽn na n yɩɩl ne b sẽn na yɩl n tõog n yɩɩl b toorẽ yɩɩlã. Sẽn na yɩl n tõog n tõog n yɩɩl yɩɩlã, yɩɩl-kãnga sẽn yaa a soabã pa segd n yɩɩl ye. La pa wakat fãa la kom-bɩɩs nins sẽn maan yɩɩl woto wã maand woto ye.

## Wala dansã
Wa dansã, morna yaa ball-roog sẽn naan naan yɩɩl neb sẽn pa-b toore. B sẽn maand yɩɩlã, b na n yɩɩla ne b nug a yembr n gãd b nedã, la b gãd taab ne b nug-bi-bɩɩg a to wã. B sã n wa dans ne b yĩn-kãnga, b sã n wa wa dans ne-a, b sãn ket n wa dans n wa wã, b sãnda b sãn-kãaga.

## Kibsa
B tõe n pʋga moorã kibayã zĩis wʋsgo, la pa wakat fãa la bãngdbã sak ye:

### 1st period: sɩngr dãmba
Pa nebã sẽn mi wakat ning la zĩig ning morna wã sẽn wa n pukã ye. Sẽn yaa pipi wã, b wilgame tɩ b ra tara morna sẽn zĩnd Boa Vista tẽn-kɩlengẽ yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 18 soabã pʋgẽ, la b pa tar mizikoloji kaset sẽn wilgd rẽ ye. La a Alves dos Reis sẽn yeel tɩ yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 19 soabã pʋgẽ, polka, mazurka, galop, tẽn-tẽnga dansã la yɩɩl buud toor-toor sẽn be Kaab-Verdã, b pa sak n maan bũmb ne morna wã ye, wilgdame tɩ rẽ tɛka morna wã ra zoe n yaa yɩɩl buud sẽn tar pãng n ta zĩig ning fãa.

Baa ne rẽ, saam-biis kẽer wilgame tɩ morna wã sɩngrẽ yaa yɩɩl buud a yembr sẽn boond tɩ lundum. B ra wilgame tɩ yɩɩl buud kãng n wa be Cape Verde yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 18 soabã pʋgẽ. Sẽn paase, b wilgame tɩ b tara sogs-n-taar ne morna wã la mizik buud a to sẽn da be tẽn-kãens pʋsẽ wã. B sẽn boond tɩ choros wã yaa yɩɩl sẽn maand sũ-sãams n maand wakat kẽere, wala yɩɩl nins b sẽn tʋmd ne wã la yɩɩl nins sẽn maand n kengd b mens n vʋʋsdẽ wã. Woto yĩnga, morna wã ra yaa yɩɩl sẽn yaa ne pãng n yɩɩd yɩɩl nins b sẽn boond tɩ choros wã la lundum wã sẽn yaa ne yɩɩl sẽn pa tar pãng n yɩɩd a taabã. Neb kẽer yetame tɩ b sẽn paasd b yɩɩl kẽer sẽn yaa pĩnd n yɩɩl Boa Vista wã bɩ a Eugénio Tavares yɩɩl ning sẽn yaa "Força di cretcheu" wã paasdẽ wã kɩtame tɩ b lebg wa b sẽn boond tɩ lundum wã.

Sẽn sɩng ne Boa Vista, yɩɩl-kãngã sẽn yaa a yam-paalã ra na n yalsa tẽn-kãens fãa. Wakat kãng, morna ra pa tar nonglem ning a sẽn tar rũndã-rũndã wã ye, la a pa tar zʋg-sõma nins b sẽn kõ-a wã ye.

Sã n yaa ne yɩɩlã bãngdb, b yeelame tɩ "Brada Maria" yaa yɩɩl sẽn tar kaset sẽn tar pãng n yɩɩd yɩɩl nins fãa sẽn be beẽ wã, sẽn gʋls yʋʋmd 1870 wã poor. 

B pa mi gom-biig ning sẽn yaa "morna" sẽn yit zĩig ning ye. La b tara sogs-kãensã a tãab n wilgd tɩ b yaa toor ne b poorẽ dãmba la b kɩɩsdbã.

Neb kẽer yĩnga, gom-biigã yita Inglẽn-dãmbã pʋgẽ n yeel tɩ "kẽngd". Neb a taabã yĩnga, gom-biigã yita Frans "morne" pʋgẽ, sẽn yaa yʋʋr sẽn kõ tãns nins sẽn be Frans Antillã pʋsẽ, b sẽn yɩɩl chansons des mornes wã. La neb wʋsg sẽn get gom-biig ning sẽn yaa "morna" wã yaa Portugaal gom-biig a "morno" (sẽn yaa wa-a-la ne sũ-noogo) gom-bi-poak ning sẽn wilgd tɩ morna yaa sũ-noog la sũ-sãang soaba. 

### 2nd period: Eugénio Tavares
Yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 20 soabã sɩngrẽ, b ra gomda nin-gʋlsd a Eugénio Tavares yelle. A Brava tẽn-tẽngã pʋgẽ, morna wã toeemame, n paas a sẽn da yaa bilf n yɩɩd Boa Vista morna wã.

### 3rd period: B. Leza
Yʋʋmd 1930 wã la 1940 wã pʋgẽ, morna wã paama zʋg-sõma a taab São Vicente. B ra mii b sẽn da maand a E. Tavares wã ne a sẽn da maand b sẽn pa tõe n bãng a sẽn maand a soabã. A Barlavento kompozitɛɛrã me ra gʋlsda a Sotavento kreolẽ. La a S. Vicente sẽn da yaa tẽng-n-bi-pugl n pa tar pãng n na n maan bũmb a taabã, kɩtame tɩ b paam n paam n paam pãng wʋsgo.

Sẽn yaa taoor soab ning sẽn kɩt tɩ b lebg b nin-kãsemsã yaa yɩɩl-gʋlsdã a Francisco Xavier da Cruz (a sẽn boond tɩ B.Leza) sẽn wa n wa n wa ne b sẽn boond tɩ "pasing chords" wã. Sẽn yaa yɩlem ne a Zeova wã sẽn maan woto wã yĩnga, a ra pa sak n na n maan a moorã sẽn yaa a nu-bi-n-soabã ye.

Wala makre, yɩɩl sẽn yaa C-tone wã tõe n yɩɩ woto:

Another example, but in an A minor tonality:

Baa ne a sẽn wõnd yaa nana, gom-kãensã sɩngrẽ wã kɩtame tɩ b bãng tɩ b sẽn wa n gomd bũmb ning yellã yaa sõma.

Bũmb a to me sẽn yaa yam-paalg yaa tɩ wakat kãngã wõnda ne sɛb sẽn boond tɩ Claridade wã, la rẽ kɩtame tɩ b paas b yel-bũndã n paas tɩ pa Romantismã la Realismã yell bal ye.

### 4 soabã: 1950 wã n tãag 1970 wã
Wakat kãnga, mizik buud a ye, koladeira wã, paama pãng n lebg sõma, tɩ kompozitɛɛr wʋsg mak n bãng bõn-paalgã. Woto yĩnga, yʋʋm nins sẽn sɩng yʋʋmd 1950 wã n tãag yʋʋmd 1970 wã pa wa ne yɩɩl sẽn yaa sõma wʋsg ye.

La b ra tara yɩɩl kẽer sẽn tar "tõnd sẽn yaa sõma la sẽn yaa sõma" n maandẽ, la b sã n wa sɩng n zab ne Portugal soolmã politikã, b maandẽ-a-la ne gũusgu, n paasd a gomdã sẽn na n naag ne yɩɩl nins sẽn pẽgd b tẽngẽ wã. B leb n gʋlsda yɩɩl a taab me (bolero, samba-canção, amerik yɩɩl, chanson française, ...). Yʋʋmd 1970 wã, b ra ket n yɩɩnda politik yɩɩl menga.

Yʋʋmd 1960 wã, b sɩngame n tũnugda ne tʋʋm-teedã, la b ra sɩng n moonda morna wã dũniyã gill zugu, sã n yaa ne yɩɩl nins b sẽn maand tẽn-zẽmsẽ wã, bɩ kaset dãmb sẽn maandã.

### 5 soabã: yʋʋm sẽn pa kaoos
Sẽn paase, b sẽn da wa n

maand yɩɩl n naan paam n paam n kõ-a a morna wã, b ra pa mi a sẽn tõe n maan to-to ye ye. Sẽn yɩɩd woto, b pa le maand a nu-vẽndã ye. B pa le maand b sẽn dat n maan a nu-biiga ye. B sẽn maand yɩɩlã pa tar yɩɩl wʋsg ye.

## D sẽn maand woto wã

### Boa Vista sãnu
A Boa Vista morna yaa morna buud sẽn yaa pĩnd n pa to wã. A yaa sẽn tar-a tao-tao (andante ± 96 bpm) la a yaa rubato style,[3] la a yaa sẽn yaa toor fasɩ. B gomda zak-zakre, satir la social criticism yelle. Yɩɩll ning b sẽn gʋlsã pẽgda wʋsg ne lundum.

### Bõn-sõngo
A Brava morna wã yaa morna buud toor-toor sẽn yaa sõma n yɩɩd rũndã-rũndã wã sɩngre. Sẽn paase, a tara a sẽn yaa bilf n yɩɩd Boa Vista morna (sẽn yaa bilf n pa ta bpm 60), a tara Romantikism sẽn yaa a soaba, wala a sẽn tũnug ne rɛm, a sẽn tar yɩɩl sẽn yaa kãsenga, la a sẽn tar metr sẽn yaa kãenkãe. B sẽn da maand yɩɩl-gʋlsdb sẽn yit Brava la Fogo wã ket n maanda Brava wã.

### São Vicente morna
São Vicente morna wã yaa Brava morna sẽn yitã. B yiibã fãa tara yɩɩl sẽn yaa yembr ye, la S. Vicente morna wã pʋgẽ, b paasda yɩɩl-rãmb sẽn loogdã n paasd yɩɩl-n-taarã. B leb n paasame tɩ b pa leb n gomd bũmb nins sẽn yaa nonglem yell bal ye, la b pa lebgd ne yɩɩl sẽn yaa kãn-kãe ye. La b pa tũnugd ne gom-biis wala "Brava morna" ye.

Sẽn sɩng ne S. Vicente morna wã, ned tõe n yãame sẽn yaa kom-bɩɩs sẽn yaa kɩdems n paas n kẽng morna buud toor-toor sẽn pa tar sor n yaool n zĩnd ye.

## Sebtiise


## Sẽn paase

* Sebr ning sẽn gomd Kap-vɛrde mizikã yelle: morna, funáná, coladeira: yɩɩl sẽn wilgd sũ-sãoong sẽn yaa noogo (compil. A Phil Stanton), World Music Network, London. Harmonia mundi, yʋʋmd 2001
* Cap Vert, anthologie 1959-1992 (Cape Verde, Anthology: 1952-1992), Buda musique, Paris, Universal (2 CD)
* Cap-vert: un archipel de musiques, Radio-France, Paris; Harmonia mundi, Arles, 2003
* Timas, Lena, Magia d'morna : musique du Cap-Vert (Magic of Morna: Music of Cape Verde), Sunset-France, Mélodie, 2007

## Zems-n-taase
* Bõn-kɩds sẽn gomd yɩɩl buud toor-toor sẽn be Kabo Verde wã yelle  ⁇ 
* Blog de fãs em homenagem à Diva dos Pés Descalços - Since 2008  Sẽn sɩng ne yʋʋmd 2008
* A Morna  -  a evolução (koɛɛg-koɛɛga)  -  Portuguese
* Música e Cabo-verdianos em Lisboa  -  Ne Portigã
* A dança do landu (dos antigos reinos do Kongo e de Ngola à Boa Vista) - Ne Portuguese
* Morna yɩɩlã National Geographic pʋgẽ

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