Rebetiko

Sõngr sẽn yaa zaalem n yit Wikipedia pʋgẽ. **Rebetiko** (Greek: ρεμπέτικο, bôon na mè tɩ [re(m)ˈbetiko]), a sân yaa wʋsgu rebetika (ρεμπέτικα [re(m)ˈbetiko]), o le lèbg m bôon na mè tɩ **rembetiko** bɩɩ **rebetico** yaa gom-bi-kãnga sẽn yaa rũndã-rũndã n wilg tẽn-tẽnga Greek mizik buud toor-toore, sẽn kẽed ne yɩɩl sigrete la sẽn lebg yɩɩl buud toor-toor yʋʋm 1930 wã. B tõe n yeelame tɩ Rebetiko yaa Gɛrk nebã sẽn da nong yɩɩl sẽn be tẽn-tẽngã, sẽn yɩɩd fãa sẽn da pa-b-laogã yɩɩl sẽn zĩnd yʋʋmd 1900 wã tɛka, n tãag yʋʋmd 1950 wã. La b ra pa mi a Zeova ne b sũy fãa ye. 

Yʋʋmd 2017 wã, b talla rebetiko UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists sẽn gʋlsd bũmb nins sẽn pa tar yõod ne nin-buiidã.

## A bélg'r la sɩngri kibaré
Gom-biig ning sẽn yaa *rebetiko* (b sẽn boond tɩ *rebetika* wã) yaa gom-biig sẽn yit Greek gom-biig ning b sẽn boond tɩ "*rebetis*" wã pʋgẽ.Rũndã-rũndã, b getame tɩ gom-biig ning b sẽn boond tɩ rebetis wã rat n yeelame tɩ ned sẽn tar zʋg-sõma, futu, yel-manesmã, vɩɩm manesmã la vɩɩm manesmã sẽn yaa to-to ne nin-buiidã "subculture". 

B pa tol n mi gom-biig ning sẽn yaa rebetis wã võor ye. B pa tol ne sogsg ye. B sẽn da yaa rebetiko karen-saamb a Elias Petropoulos la Greek gom-biisgã sẽn yaa Gɛrk seb-gʋlsd a Giorgos Babiniotis me wilgda b sẽn tõe n yeel tɩ gom-bi-kãens yaa toor-toor ye. Sẽn sɩng ne gom-biig ning sẽn yaa "ãnd sẽn yitẽ", b yãta gom-biis a ye sẽn yitẽ, la b yiis a ye yʋʋmd 1614 wã   tɩ a yʋʋra da yaa  ῥεμπιτός n wilg tɩ yaa 'wanderer', 'blind', 'misguided', n m pãas-ã fãa. 

## Yɩɩla
Baa ne rũndã-rũndã b sẽn get-a wa buud a yembr bala, rebetiko yaa mizik sẽn yaa bũmb sẽn naag taab n kɩtd tɩ b bãngd European wã mizikã, Greek tẽn-tẽngã la Greek tẽng zug tẽns toɛy-toɛyã mizikã, gɛrk-Wẽnnaam tũudmã yɩɩl sẽn yaa b sẽn boond tɩ b sẽn boond b sẽn boond-b tɩ b sẽn get b sẽn boond a Zeova to-to wã, la b sẽn boond t'a Byzantine wã, la sẽn yaa b b sẽn get a Zeova wã, la a sẽn get b rãmbã sẽn yaa b toor-toor.  

### Melody la harmony

Woto yĩnga, b getame tɩ rebetiko yɩɩl wʋsg yɩɩl yaa dromoi (δρόμοι, Greek gom-zug sẽn dat n yeel tɩ 'soab-soabse' bɩ 'soabse', la b getame t'a yembr yaa dromos (δρόμος). [nb Dʋma wã yʋya yita Turki buud toor-toore, sẽn boond tɩ makam wã yʋya pʋgẽ, sã n pa neb bilf bal[nb. 

La yɩɩl wʋsg sẽn yaa rebetiko wã ra naagda instrument sẽn tõe n yɩɩl wa sẽn zemsd ne Western harmonic system wã, la rẽ kɩtame tɩ b zemsd ne taab ne sẽn yaa to-to wã sẽn pa zems ne Europe wã harmoni wã, la ne Ottoman art music wã, sẽn yaa monophonic form sẽn pa zemsd ne taaba. Sẽn paase, b yɩɩla rebetika ne instrument sẽn yaa sõma n pa tar to-to ye.

Sẽn paase, b sẽn wa n wa n wa paasd b sẽn da boond tɩ rebetiko wã, b bãngame tɩ Gɛrk la Turk mizikã ra yaa buud toor-toore. Rẽ kɩtame tɩ b ra nong n getẽ tɩ b pa mi rebetiko wã sẽn yaa a makamã yell ye. B ra tagsdẽ tɩ b ra tagsdẽ t'a tara yõod wʋsg ne b sẽn getẽ.  

Sẽn na yɩl n bãng rẽ, d segd n tẽega tɩ b sẽn da tar bẽedã sẽn yaa wʋsg ne Greek kasetã n tãag yʋʋmd 1936 wã pa yɩ toor ne gom-biis la b "tõnd" yɩɩl ye. B yɩɩla yɩɩl nins sẽn da be b sẽn da gʋlsã pʋgẽ wã bal n yɩɩd fãa, ne Smyrneika/Ottoman wã wã wã yɩɩl nins b sẽn boond tɩ kanonaki, santouri, politikí lyra (πολίτικη λύρα), tsimbalo (τσίμπαλο, sẽn yaa wa Hungarian cimbalom, bɩ Romanian țambal), la klarinɛtã. 

### Scales
Rebetiko mizikã pʋgẽ, b tũnugda ne waas-kãsems la waas-kẽem sẽn yaa Western wã, la b tũnugda n dɩkd waas-kʋdgã sẽn yaa Ottoman mizikã sẽn tar pãngã. Bãmb kẽer yaa rast, uşşâk, hijaz (sẽn yaa "Frygian dominant scale"), saba (h) la nahawand. 

### Rhymes
Yɩɩll wʋsg sẽn yit Greek bɩ Anatolik wã yaa yɩɩl sẽn yit Greek bɩ Anatoli wã. Sẽn yɩɩd fãa yaa:

* Sirtos, yaa gom-bi-pugl sẽn boond ne Greek dansã wʋsg (b sẽn tar n tar n boond-a tɩ Nisiotika) 
* (b sẽn boond tɩ Zeibekiko wã, yaa 9 4 bɩ 9 8 meter, sẽn tar b sẽn boond tɩ
* Hasaposervikos wã, sẽn tar n dat n yeel tɩ Greek mizik buud toor-toore. Yaa rap sẽn tar pãng n paas n paas n lebg rap sẽn tar pãnga n paas n yaa rap sẽn tar minim n paas n yɩɩl n yaa rap n yɩɩl ne b sẽn boond tɩ "Antikristos" (a 4 4),
* "Hasapiko" (a 4) la "Bolero" (a 9 8), "Kamilierikos" (a 98), "aptelikos" (b sẽn boond tɩ 16), "slow" (a 94), "slower" (a 96), "spaas" (a 16), "sifteteli" (a 4).
* Kamilierikos (a 9 8 metr) la aptlikos, b sẽn welg-a tɩ yɩ piig la a yoob pʋɩ-sʋka, (b sẽn lebg-a bilf-bilfu tɩ yɩ a 9 4 ne seb-bil ning b sẽn boond tɩ 9 wã Metr 16 buud toor-toore
* Tsifteteli, pʋg-yãans sẽn yaa sũ-noog soaba (a 4 4)
* Bolero, yɩɩl a wãn pʋgẽ, sẽn yɩɩd fãa gitɛɛr yĩnga (a 3 4)

B leb n tũnugda ne bũmb a taab n maand yɩɩlã.

### A Taxim
Rebetiko traditionsã pʋgẽ, b tara bũmb a ye sẽn yaa toor ne mizik buud toor-toor sẽn be tẽns nins sẽn be Ɛspa wã pʋsẽ. Yaa yɩɩl sẽn pa tar pãng n pa tõe n bãng n maan yɩɩl n yaool n maan yɩɩllã sɩngr bɩ a pʋga. Yaa Gɛrk ne a taxim bɩ taximi (ταξίμ bɩ ταξίμι) sẽn yit Araab gomdã sẽn yaa toor fasɩ ne taqsim bɩ taksim wã n kɩt tɩ b mi-a.

### A Yiil Teedo
Wala b sẽn wilg tɩ b ra deng n yɩɩl yɩɩl nins sẽn boond tɩ rebetiko wã yaa Ottoman/Smyrna buud-goam la b ra tũnugda ne Ottoman-rãmbã kibay. Yʋʋmd 1930 yʋʋm-rɩtbã pʋɩ-sʋkẽ, rebetiko mizikã sẽn wa n paamda a meng zʋgã, buzouki wã sɩngame n lebg mizikã tʋʋm-teed sẽn tar mak-kãsenga, n dig instrument nins b sẽn tall n yi Azɩya Piigã n wa wã.

### A Bouzouki

Wõnda b ra pa mi bouzouki wã wʋsg sẽn yit Aazi Minor n wa n be Greece tẽngã ye. La b ra boonda-a lame tɩ bouzouki Greece soolmẽ wã hal sẽn na ta yʋʋmd 1835. Yaa yʋʋmd kãng la Danish ned a ye sẽn boond t'a Martinus Rørbye maan bõn-naandga. A yaa Atɛn ligdã soab a Leonidas Gailas (Λεωνίδας Γάϊλας) tʋʋm-doogã sẽn be zĩig ningã, tɩ maan-minimã bilgd-a wa a Fabricatore di bossuchi. Bõn-naandgã wilgda vẽeneg tɩ b ra tara tʋʋm-teed sẽn wõnd bouzouki. Baa ne kaset kãngã, d ket n pa mi bũmb baa a ye sẽn tɩ loe ne rebetiko wã sẽn sɩng to-to pĩndã ye. Sẽn nan yɩll tɩ b maan vaeesg sẽn nan yɩ tao-tao wã, b yãame tɩ seb-kãngã pʋgẽ, b goma bũmb wʋsg sẽn da pa mi yell sẽn da zĩnd yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 19 soabã la 20 soabã sɩngrẽ wã yelle, n paas kaset sẽn wilgd t'a ra bee Pelopones soolmẽ wã.

Baa ne b sẽn mi-a rebetiko wã pʋgẽ wã, la b sẽn nong n gomd a yell yɩɩl-gʋlsdbã pʋsẽ wã, sẽn deng tɩ b sak n kẽes-a yɩɩl-gʋlsdã zĩigẽ, b sɩngame n na n yɩɩl-a ka Gɛrɛs ye, la yaa America, yʋʋmd 1926, wakat ning Peloponnèse yɩɩl-gʋlsd a Konstandinos Kokotis (1878 -yʋʋmd 1948 poore) sẽn tall Peloponnèse nin-buiidã yɩɩl a yiibu ne a Ioannis Sfondilias sẽn da yaa yɩɩl-gʋlsd a ye. B sẽn lebg n yiis-a pipi yʋʋmd 2013 wã, a wilgda "folke" melodik buud b sẽn da zɩ n gʋls pĩndã bɩ sẽn nan yɩ to-to. Pipi kaset ning sẽn wilg tɩ yɩɩlã yɩɩ "zamaan-paalgã" yɩɩl n yɩɩla, yɩɩ yʋʋmd 1929, Niuyork. Yʋʋm a tãab loogr poore, a Ioannis Halikias, sẽn leb n be Niuyork, n gʋls pipi bouzouki solo wã yʋʋmd 1932 yʋʋm-vẽkr kiuugã.

Greece soolmẽ wã, yʋʋmd 1931 zĩ-likr kiuugã pʋgẽ, b ra zoe n kõo b sor tɩ b sɩng n peebd bouzouki wã. A Thanassis Manetas (1870-ca 1943) ne a Yiannis Livadhitis sẽn da mi zimballã yɩɩl n naag yɩɩl-yɩɩdb a Konstantinos Masselos, a sẽn boond me tɩ Nouros, la a Spahanis, la b yɩɩl yɩɩl a tãabo. 

La b sẽn deng n dɩk kaset-rãmb n na n dɩk n koos America la Greece wã, yɩɩ kaset-rãmb a taab n zĩnd pipi dũni gill zabrã sasa. Yaa kaset-rãmb nins b sẽn da maan Görlitz sẽn be Germany yʋʋmd 1917 tʋʋlg kiuugã. A Konstandinos Kalamaras sẽn da yaa buzouki wã reem-dãmbã ra yãagda a Konstandinos Vorgias sẽn da yaa Byzantine yɩɩn-yɩɩd sẽn da tʋmd sõma wã, la a Apostolos Papadiamantis sẽn da yaa yɩɩn-yɩɩd sẽn da pa tʋmd sõma wã. Nin-kãensã a tãabã ra bee Gɛrk sodaas 6500 sʋka, b sẽn da kẽes-b Alemayn sodaasã zakẽ, sẽn sɩng ne yʋʋmd 1916 tʋʋlg kiuugã n tãag yʋʋmd 1919 tʋʋlg kiuugã.

Yaa yʋʋmd 1932 zĩ-likr kiuugã bala, a Halikias sẽn da wa n gʋls yɩɩlã Niuyork n tõog n paam pẽgre, tɩ b tõog n ning-a Greece tẽngã pʋgẽ, la a Markos Vamvakaris sɩng n gʋls yɩɩlã ne buzouki wã. Seb-kãensã yɩɩ a Bouzouki sẽn sɩng n be Gɛrɛs wã, la a ket n be be hal ne rũndã.

### A Yiil Teedo n paase
Rebetiko instrumentã sẽn sɩng yʋʋmd 1930 wã sʋka, yaa bouzouki wã, baglamas la gita wã. Sã n yaa ne instrumentã, b ra gomda akordeõ, politiki (Constantinopolitan) lyra (wakate kẽer pʋsẽ b ra tũnugda ne lyra a taab), klarneet, kanonaki, oud, santur, violin la fing-cymbals. Sã n yaa ne instrumentã sẽn wʋmd b sẽn wilgd ne rebetiko wã, b tõe n maana woto: basã, laouto, mandolã, mandolẽ la piyano. B sã n wilg kaset kẽer, b tõe n wʋma bõn-vʋʋs sẽn yaa wa b sẽn wẽed ne b sẽn pa yãtẽ. B sẽn da tar yɩɩr n get rãamã, b maana yɩɩr n kõ-a. Yaa yɩɩr sẽn yaa sõma n yɩɩd, n tõe n yɩ teké la taverna wã sẽn tar yõod n yɩɩd.

### A Yiil Goam Biise
Wala tẽns wʋsg sẽn yaa tẽng-tẽnga, b sẽn boond tɩ blues, flamenco, fado, bal-musette la tango, rebetiko wã yii tẽn-tẽnsã pʋsẽ. Naoor wʋsgo, a goamã wilgda nebã sẽn pa mi b mensã vɩɩmã sẽn yaa to-to wã. Woto, ned sã n wa yã yel-bũndb wala kʋdemdã, rãamã, dorgã, naongã, yoobã la b tʋʋm wẽnsã, a leb n yãnda yel-bũn wʋsg sẽn tar yõod ne Gɛrk nebã sẽn yaa buud toor-toore: kũum, yoobã, yembrã, zoodo, bãagã, nonglem, kãadem, kãadem, pag ne pag pa-kɩɩm, naam-poakã, zabrã, tʋʋm-tʋmdã, la yɛl a taab sẽn yaa to-to wã fãa, sũ-noog la sũ-sãangã. 

A Rebetika ra yaa bãens roogo, la a ra yaa zĩ-yoodr me. Yaa be la b sẽn da boond tɩ rebet rãmbã ra maand b yɩɩlã. B ra yɩɩndame n pa pẽdgdẽ ye. B ra yɩɩndame n pʋgd taaba, tɩ ned fãa paas vɛrse, tɩ naoor wʋsgo, vɛrse wã ra pa tar loees ne sẽn deng-a wã ye. Yɩɩllã yɩɩl ra pa be ye, la yɩɩlã yɩɩl ra pa toog ye. Neb a taab sẽn da tar rebetis n naagd yɩɩn-yɩɩdã ne bouzouki bɩ baglamas (a bouzouki wã sẽn yaa bilf sẽn yaa bilf n tõe n dɩk n kẽng ne zĩig fãa, sẽn yaa nana tɩ b maan-a bi-bees roogẽ wã la sẽn yaa nana tɩ b solg-a polɩɩs rãmbã), la tõe tɩ ned a to sẽn wʋm yɩɩlã, na n yikame n sao. Rebetika yɩɩl-bɛdã, sẽn tɩ yɩɩd fãa, yɩɩl nins sẽn gomd nonglmã yellã ra tika Gɛrk nebã yɩɩl la Gɛrk rãmbã yɩɩl nins sẽn da be Smirn la Constantinople wã zugu.

-  Elias Petropoulos

A Manos Hatzidakis sõdga gom-biis a tãabo sẽn tar yõod wʋsg sẽn kẽed ne zamaan-paalgã gom-biis sẽn yaa meraki, kefi, la kaimos (μεράκι, κέφι, καημός: nonglem, sũ-noogo, la sũ-sãoongo).

A rebetiko yɩɩl-bɛd sẽn tar tags-kãsems wʋsg yaa rãamã yũub sẽn kõt sũ-noogã (kokain, heroẽ-preza, la a taab). B boonda rebetiko yɩɩl nins sẽn wilgd bõn-kãensã tɩ hasiklidika (χασικλίδικα), baa ne yɩɩl-bɛdã sẽn pa toor ne rebetiko yɩɩl-bɛdã to-to wã. 

## Kẽer
A Rebetiko bee ne yʋng yõ-noogr zĩiga: ouzeri, taverna (Greek taverna) la yʋng sɛba.

A Rebetiko me yaa wakat kẽere sẽn kẽed ne mangas (Grɛk: μάγκας, pronounced [ˈma(ŋ)ɡas]), sẽn dat n yeel tɩ rao sẽn tar pãng sẽn "baood tɩ b rems-a", sẽn yaa sull sẽn zĩnd Belle Époque zamaanã Greece tẽnga (sẽn yɩɩd fãa tẽn-bɛd a taab: Athens, Piraeus, la Thesaloniki).

Mangas ra yaa yʋ-peell sẽn da boond t'a ra yaa tʋʋm-tʋmdba, sẽn da tar tɩtaam wʋsgo, la sẽn da tar fu-yerdg sẽn yaa sõma sẽn naag ne peend sẽn maan ne gãndgo (kavouraki, καβουράκι), ne gãndgo (b sẽn da wae n yeelgd peend a yembr bala), ne gãndg sẽn yaa kãn-kãe (b sẽn da tũnugd ne-a n maand peendã), ne gãndg sẽn tar zɛlma, la ne neood sẽn tar no-tũudse. B sẽn da get-b to-to wã ra yaa b sẽn da tar zũnd-zãnd sẽn yaa woglem, b sẽn da tar b sẽn boond tɩ korbõ (κομπολόγια, yɩɩl. κομπολόι), la b sẽn da kẽnd ne zũnd-zãndã (κουτσό βάδισμα). B ra boond-b lame tɩ Koutsavakides (κουτσαβάκηδες, sing. κουτσαβάκης ); wakat ninga b ra boond-b lame tɩ Koutsavakides la Koutsavakides.

## Kʋdemdã

Sɩngrẽ wã, yɩɩl ning b sẽn da boond tɩ rebetiko wã ra yaa sẽn na yɩl n wilg nebã tɩ b pa mi-a ye. Rẽ poore, b sẽn da wa n yĩm a sɩngrã, la b sẽn da wa n yĩm a sɩngr-n-soabã sẽn ki wã, wall b sẽn da wa n yĩm-a wã, b lebg-a lame, sẽn sɩng ne yʋʋmd 1960 wã, tɩ b leb n lebg-a-la yɩɩl buud a to, sẽn yɩɩd fãa, kom-bɩɩsã sʋka.

#### A Singre
Yaa vẽeneg tɩ a Rebetiko yita tẽn-bɛd nins sẽn be koom-koglgã pʋgẽ wã sẽn da yaa tẽn-bɛdã la a sẽn da be Gɛrk soolmã sẽn be Anatolii mogrã. Tẽns kãensã pʋsẽ, rebetiko ra yaa b sẽn da boond tɩ ouzeri wã, la b sẽn da maand hashish kaẽ wã, la sẽn da tar-b kaẽ wã la b sẽn boond tɩ bi-beesã. Sẽn mik tɩ b ra zɩ n gʋls n yaool n gʋls b sẽn da gʋls b yɩɩlã, pa nana tɩ b bãng b sẽn deng n gʋlsd b yɩɩlã to-to wã ye. Yʋʋm kobs 20 soabã pipi yʋʋm kob-gĩnd a yiib-n-soabã pʋgẽ, b gʋlsa Gɛrk gom-biis wʋsg sẽn be Constantinople/Istanbul, Ezipt la Amerikẽ, tɩ makr sẽn be b toorẽ wã tõe n sõng-b lame tɩ b bãng b sẽn maand to-to, wala b sẽn maan pipi b sẽn da tũnug ne gom-bi-kãng kasetã pʋgẽ. La b pa yãendẽ bũmb sẽn zĩnd pĩnda wakat kãngã sẽn wilgdẽ tɩ b ra mii Pireus tẽngẽ wã mizikã wa b sẽn deng n yã wã yʋʋmd 1931 wã ye (Ges-y sẽn be yĩngrã).

#### Smirna buud
Yʋʋm kobs 20 soabã sɩngrẽ, rebetiko mizikã ra yaa tẽn-tẽnsã fãa sẽn be Smyrna (yaoolem yʋʋr sẽn boond tɩ Izmir) sẽn be Asia Minor wã. A Smirna yɩɩl-gʋlsdbã pa b sẽn da nong n wʋmd koɛɛgã sẽn be Ɔtoman soolmã pʋgẽ wã bal ye, b ra getame me tɩ b wʋmda b sẽn da moond koɛɛgã tẽns wʋsg sẽn be Europe wã, n yɩɩd fãa b sẽn da be Itali wã. A Smirneiki Estudiantina ra yaa yɩɩl-gʋlsdb sull sẽn da tʋmd ne Gɛrk nebã dũniyã gill zugu. B sẽn wa n wa n wa paam Smirna bugumã poore, b wʋsg (Panagiotis Toundas, Spyros Peristeris, Giorgos Vidalis, Anestis Delias la neb a taab) zoe n kẽng Greeks n sõng Gɛrk tẽnga, n kɩt tɩ b lebg n wa n deng n modgd mizik sẽn boond tɩ rebetiko.

### Yuumd 1922-1932 Wakat
Asia Kẽer Kʋdemdã la a nin-buiidã tekr sẽn zĩnd yʋʋmd 1923 wã poore, neb wʋsg sẽn da zoe n tɩ be Piraeus, Tesalonik, Volos la tẽn-kɩrems a taab pʋsẽ n tɩ zĩndi. B waa ne Erop la Anatoliyã yɩɩl-te-n-teedo, la yɩɩl-n-teedo, n paas Ottoman kafe yɩɩlã, la b sẽn da wae n basd yɩɩl-kãnga wã, b waa ne Itaali buud-goam sẽn tar mandolin-dãmb la yɩɩl-n-teedo, tɩ b yɩɩl-n-teedo yaa tãab-n-soab la a yoob-n-soaba.

Greek yɩɩl-gʋlsdb kãensã wʋsg sẽn yit Asia Minor ra yaa yɩɩl-gʋlsdb sẽn tar minim wʋsgo. Sɩngrẽ wã, b lugla "Athenean Estudiantina" ne a Giorgos Vidalis la yɩɩl-yɩɩndb kẽer sẽn da be pĩnd Smirneiki Estudiantina. Neb a taab me n wa n lebg studio taoor dãmba (A&R neba) sẽn kẽed ne kompay rãmb nins sẽn yaa kãsemsã, wala makre, a Spyros Peristeris (sẽn da tãooda mandolinã, gitɛɛrã, piano wã la sẽn wa n lebg bouzouki wã), a Panagiotis Toundas (sẽn da yɩɩ mandolinistã) la violinã sẽn da yaa sõma wã a Giannis Dragatsis (Oghdhondakis). Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, Peristeris ne Toundas sẽn da yaa yɩɩl-yɩɩgdbã wa n talla pãn-tusdg wʋsg rebetiko wã sẽn tall kasetã bɩʋʋngã zugu. Sẽn sɩng ne yʋʋm 1920 wã sʋka, b gʋlsa yɩɩl wʋsg sẽn yaa wa Anatole wã Gɛrɛs, la yɩɩl sẽn yaa wa Pire wã rebetiko yɩɩl n deng n ta shellac yʋʋmd 1931 (Ges-y sõsg ning sẽn be yĩngrã).

#### B Yuumd 1930 Wakat

Yʋʋm 1930 wã pʋgẽ, yɩɩl-dãmb nins sẽn yaa sõma wʋsg n da tarẽ wã ra kẽeda taab n paas n paas n da tar tẽn-tẽnsã sẽn da yaa toog wʋsg n da maandẽ. [GH 1] 
Kibsa kãngã kɩtame tɩ b tũnug ne gom-biis sẽn yaa b sẽn dat n bãng b sẽn boond tɩ "Smyrneïka" sẽn yaa Azi-Bĩngr soolmã sẽn yaa b toor ne b sẽn boond t'a "Pireus" sẽn yaa b "bouzouki" sẽn yaa a sẽn boond tɩ yʋʋmd 1930 wã. 

Sẽn paase, mandolinã ra pa le be ye. Pireus Quartet sẽn yit rɩtgo: Anestis Delias (n boond tɩ Artemis), Yiorgos Batis, Markos Vamvakaris, Stratos Pagioumtzis (1930 wã sʋka) yʋʋm 1930 wã saabẽ wã, rebetiko paama bũmb sẽn tõe n bool tɩ yaa klasikã, tɩ b sẽn boond tɩ Pireus pipi stilã, Asia sẽn pa waoog stilã, sẽn yaa European la Greek nebã mizikã, sẽn naag taab n naan naan wa lebg mizik sẽn yaa sɩd-sɩd ne taaba. La b sẽn wa n maand woto wã, b ra pa le tõe n bãng b sẽn da maand to-to wã ye. Rẽ kaoosame yʋʋm kobs-yẽng pʋgẽ. [Tõnd sẽn na n tool-y neda]

#### B Metaxas sensorship Sor Paala
Yʋʋmd 1936, a Ioannis Metaxas sẽn da so tʋʋlg kiuug rasem a 4 wã, b lugla goosneerã, tɩ rẽ poorã, b sɩng n ningd ninbãan-kasetã pʋgẽ. B ra getame tɩ rebetiko yɩɩlã goam kẽer pa zems ye. Wakat kãnga, Metaxas naam sẽn da yaa nin-tɩrgã sẽn da wa n kɩt tɩ b yiisd yɩɩl-yendã fãa, yɩɩl-gʋlsdbã ra leb n gʋlsda yɩɩl-yendã, bɩ b maand b meng-yendã, n yaool n kõ b yɩɩlã tɩ b sak n deeg-a. Zĩ-kãnga yɩɩlã meng ra pa segd ne gɩdgr ye, baa ne b sẽn wilg tɩ b segd n kɩtame tɩ "Europeanisation" bãng tɩ yɩɩl nins b sẽn boond tɩ Anatolie yɩɩlã yaa sõma, tɩ rẽ kɩt tɩ radio rãmb kẽer gɩdg amanedes yʋʋmd 1938, sẽn dat n yeel tɩ yɩɩlã zug la b base, la pa yɩɩlã goam ye. La pa yɩɩl sẽn wõnd bouzouki ye. B sẽn boond tɩ amanɛdse (grɛk. αμανέδες, sing. αμανές) rat n yeelame tɩ sũ-sãoong yɩɩl b sẽn yɩɩl ne dromos bɩ makam sẽn yaa toor-toore. Aamanedes yɩɩ yɩɩl nins sẽn da be Gɛrk kʋdemdã yɩɩl-bɛdã sẽn da yaa to-to wã. 

A Metaxas me yika tekedes fãa sẽn be tẽngã pʋgẽ wã. B sẽn da gomd dorgã la tʋʋm-wẽns a taab yelle, b ra pa le gomd rẽ yell ye. B ra pa le gomd a yell ye. B ra le gomda rẽ yell ne pipi kasetã b sẽn da maan yʋʋmd 1946 wã, b sẽn wa n na n le sɩng kasetã. La United States wã, b ra ket n yɩɩnd-b-la ne Greek-rãmbã yɩɩl wʋsgo, tɩ b yɩɩlã goam ra pa tar gɩdgr ye (Ges-y sõsg ning sẽn be tẽngrã) la baa ne rẽ, sẽn yaa lingr tɩ b ra ket n pa wae n ningd bouzouki-rãmbã America yɩɩl b sẽn da gʋlsd "WWII" wã poore.

Yaa bũmb sẽn be yamleoog tɩ Greek goabg me zãgsa Rebetiko mizikã, a sẽn yaa "tʋʋm-wẽng soaba" wã yĩnga (wa sẽn zems ne Gɛrk Kominist rãmbã sullã) la a sẽn yaa tẽng-n-bi-bɛdã la a sẽn gomd dorgã yelle.

### Zabr poore
B sẽn wa n kẽed Greece tẽnga pʋgẽ, b sɩnga yɩɩl-bɛd b sẽn da mi n boond tɩ "Axis Occupation of Greece during World War II (1941- 1944), la b pa le sɩng yɩɩl-bɛd hal tɩ ta 1946; yʋʋm kãnga, yɩɩl-bɛd b sẽn da pa mi n boond tɩ "Drogs" la b yɩɩl-bɛd b sẽn da mi n boond tɩ "Drogs" la b yɩɩl-bɛd a taab ne yɩɩl-bɛd toor-toore. 6]

A Vassilis Tsitsanis sẽn yaa ãdse, wa n wa n kɩtame tɩ nebã bãng rẽ n paase. A yɩɩl-yɩɩllã sɩnga yʋʋmd 1936, la a kell n yɩɩl-yɩɩllã zabrã sasa, baa ne b sẽn da kẽesd a tʋʋmdã pʋgẽ wã. A ra yaa yɩɩl-gʋlsd sẽn tar minim wʋsgo, la a yɩɩ yɩɩl-gʋlsd me sẽn tar minim wʋsgo. A yɩɩla yɩɩl kobse. Zabrã poore, a kell n maana a sẽn da maandã t'a yɩɩllã kẽe soay a taab pʋsẽ, la a sẽn da sõngd-a wã, yɩɩl-yendb wala Sotiria Bellou, Ioanna Georgakopoulou, Stella Haskil la Marika Ninou wa n yɩɩlame. A Tsitsanis maana rebetiko wã tɩ b lebg " westernization " n kɩt tɩ nebã wʋsg bãng-a n paas n wa lebg laiko wã.

Yʋʋmd 1948 soabã, a Manos Hatzidakis kɩtame tɩ yɩɩl-gʋlsdã bãng tɩ rebetiko yaa bũmb sẽn kẽed ne wẽnemã wɛɛngẽ, tɩ hal tɩ ta wakat kãnga, b ra getame tɩ rebetiko pa zems ne we-rũngã la we-rũngã rɩkr ye. A Hatzidakis sẽn da get bũmb ning sẽn kɩt tɩ rebetiko wã yaa sõma wã, a ra getame tɩ b sẽn gomd bũmb ningã yaa sõma, tɩ b sẽn gomd bũmb ningã yaa sõma, la a ra pẽgda yɩɩl-gʋlsd a taab wala a Markos Vamvakaris la a Vassilis Tsitsanis. A sẽn dɩk a bãngr-goamã n maan bũmb ningã, a rɩka rembetika wã n maan a piano wã tʋʋmde, yʋʋmd 1951 wã, sẽn boond tɩ " Six Peintures folkloriques " (Έξι Λαϊκές Ζωγραφιές), b sẽn wa n wilg-a wa ballet buud a ye.

Tsitsanis sẽn da wa n be zabrã poore, a Manolis Chiotis sẽn da wa n be be wã kɩtame t'a rebetiko wã la Gɛrk nebã yɩɩlã paam soay sẽn yaa toor-toore. A Chiotis n paas rebetiko wã "europeanisation/westernisation" n paas wʋsgo. Yʋʋmd 1953 wã, a paas-a-la a naas-n-soabã sẽn na yɩl t'a tõe n yɩɩl wa gitaar la a kɩt tɩ rebetiko wã wa lebg rãamã.

A Chiotis ra leb n yaa nin-paalg sẽn tar raood wʋsgo, n dɩkd Latɛn la Amerikdisiid laas-n-soodsã (wa flamenco, rumba, mambo, la a taab) n kẽed ne yɩɩl-bɛd sẽn tar pãng n yɩɩd rebetiko yɩɩl-bɛdã. Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, yaa a Chiotis, sẽn da mi boog-n-basã, la gitaarã, violẽ wã la oudã, n wa ne boog-n-basã sẽn tar tõnd a 4 wã (tetrahordho) yʋʋmd 1956. A Chiotis ra zoe n yaa ned sẽn da tõe n yɩɩll-n-tɩrga, a sẽn da wa n yaa bi-bɩɩga, la a sẽn da tõe n yɩɩll-n-tɩrgã ne a gitaarã, n paas a sẽn da tõe n yɩɩll-n-tɩrgã, kɩtame t'a wa tõog n bãng a sẽn da tõe n maan to-to n yɩɩll-n-tɩrgã, tɩ kɩt t'a wa tõog n bãng " laïki mousiki (laiko) " wã la to-to, la a pa le tõe n bool tɩ rebetiko ye. [ citation necessary ]

Yaa woto me ne yɩɩlã. Yʋʋmd 1952 wã, bi-bɩɩg a ye sẽn da yɩɩnd n boond t'a Stelios Kazantzidis gʋlsa rebetika yɩɩl a yiibu, tɩ nebã ra nong-ba. Baa a sẽn da na n ket n yɩɩnd woto yʋʋm a wãn pʋgẽ wã, neb nins fãa sẽn da kẽed ne yɩɩlã bãngame tɩ yɩɩlã la a yɩɩlã ra yaa sõma wʋsg tɩ pa tõe n yɩ rebetiko wã ye. Sẽn pa kaoose, yɩɩl-gʋlsdb sẽn tar yʋʋre wa a Kaldaras, a Chiotis, a Klouvatos sɩngame n na n gʋls yɩɩl sẽn tik a Stelios koe-kãsenga zugu, la rẽ kɩtame tɩ yɩɩl-gʋlsdã toeem n paase. Yɩɩn-paalã yɩɩl ra yaa sõma n yɩɩd pĩndã, la b ra nong n yɩɩla ne yɩɩl sẽn be yamleoogo. A Kazantzidis lebga laiki mizikã ãdga. [ citation needed ]

La pa a Kazantzidis bal n kɩt tɩ rebɛtika klasã (sẽn yaa Piraeus buudã) sa ye. Sẽn yaa lebend ne rẽ, a ra leb n yaa ned ning sẽn deng-a n kɩt tɩ b lebs n lugl-a wã. Yʋʋmd 1956 wã, a sɩnga a lagem-n-taar ne a Vassilis Tsitsanis, sẽn paas a sẽn gʋls yɩɩl-paals n kõ a Kazantzidis wã, a leb n kõ-a-la a yɩɩl-kʋd kẽer t'a lebg-b n yɩɩle. A Kazantzidis yɩɩla la a kɩt tɩ neb wʋsg bãng rebɛtika yɩɩl-bɛdã sẽn yaa "Synnefiasmeni Kyriaki" (Sã-paalg sẽn be sawadgo), "Bakse tsifliki" la "Ta Kavourakia". Yɩɩll-kãensã la yɩɩl a taab wʋsg nebã sẽn da pa mi pĩndã lebga yɩɩl b sẽn nong wʋsgo.

Wakat kãng bala, yɩɩl-yɩɩndb wʋsg sẽn da be Gɛrɛs wakatẽ wã basame tɩ b pa le tõe n yɩɩl ye. Kẽer kiime tɩ b ra nan pa yã ye (Haskil, Ninou), tɩ kẽer yik n kẽng Etazĩni (Binis, Evgenikos, Tzouanakos, Kaplanis), tɩ kẽer bas yɩɩlã n maan tʋʋm a taab (Pagioumtzis, Genitsaris). Yaa vẽeneg tɩ rẽ kɩtame tɩ b ra segd n yiis neb a taab n sõng-ba. Sɩngrẽ wã, nin-paalsã, wala makre, a Daliya, a Grey la a Kazantzidis ra ket n tũudame. La pa yã n kaoos la b sẽn da tar yẽesem ning b sẽn da tar b bi-bɩɩlem wakate wã, la b sẽn da paam bũmb toor-toor b vɩɩmã pʋgẽ wã kɩt tɩ b toeem b sẽn da gomd to-to pĩndã ye.

Yel-kãensã fãa kɩtame tɩ yʋʋmd 1950 soabã sẽnese, rebetiko wã ra pa le tar yõod wʋsg ne buud-goam a taab nebã sẽn nong n maand ye. Yʋʋmd 1950 wã saabẽ, rebetiko wã ra lebga bilf bala. Yaa rebetiko sẽn yaa sõma n yɩɩd rebetiko buud ning nin-bɛdã sẽn da nong n boond tɩ "archontorebetiko" wã bal n kell n be.

Sɩd-sɩda, sẽn na n wa ne sãmb-sãmb bilfu, sẽn sɩng ne yʋʋm 1950 wã, wakat ning b sẽn da pa nong n boond rebetiko yɩɩlã tɩ yɩɩl buud toor-toore, la sẽn yɩɩd fãa sẽn tik yɩɩl-gʋlsdã goam zugu, b ra boond-b lame tɩ laïki mousiki (λαϊκή μουσική), bɩ laïka, (λαϊκα) sẽn kẽed ne Gɛrk yɩɩl buud toor-toore, sẽn naag ne yɩɩl sẽn tar bouzouki wã, la yɩɩl nins b sẽn na n bool rũndã-rũndã tɩ rebetiko wã. Gom-bi-kãng yita Laos gomdã (λάος) pʋgẽ, tɩ b lebgd-a sõma n yɩɩd tɩ " nin-buiidã ".

### Vʋʋgrã
Tõe tɩ b tõe n yeelame tɩ rebetiko wã vʋʋgrã pipi sasa sɩnga yʋʋmd 1960 wã sẽnese. Yʋʋm kãnga, yɩɩll a Grigoris Bithikotsis reega a Markos Vamvakaris yɩɩl wʋsgo, la a Vamvakaris mengã maana a pipi yɩɩll-kẽndr yʋʋmd 1954 tɛka. Wakat kãnga, seb-gʋlsdb wala a Elias Petropoulos sɩnga b vaeesgo la b yiis b pipi modgr n na n gʋls rebetiko wã sẽn yaa gom-zug a to wã. 26] Bouzouki wã, sẽn da yaa rebetiko mizikã sẽn da tar pãng wʋsgã, sɩngame n kẽed Gɛrk mizikã zĩis a taab me, sẽn yɩɩd fãa, a Manolis Chiotis sẽn da mi yɩɩlã yĩnga. Sẽn sɩng ne yʋʋmd 1960 wã, Gɛrk yɩɩl-gʋlsdb sẽn tar yʋʋr sẽn boond t'a Mikis Theodorakis la a Manos Hatzidakis rɩka b sẽn boond tɩ bouzouki-rãmba, wala a Manolis Chiotis, a Giorgos Zambetas, la a Thanassis Polyhandriotis b yɩɩlã pʋgẽ. [ citation needed ]

B tõe n yeelame tɩ rebetiko wã lebgr na n sɩnga yʋʋm 1970 wã sɩngrẽ, wakat ning b sẽn sɩng n yiisd LP-rãmb sẽn tar rpm 78 kasetã, sẽn yaa seb-bɛd la b sẽn dɩk n kõ kɛlgdbã, tɩ b sõorã ra yaa wʋsgo. Sẽn sɩng ne yʋʋm-vẽkrã tɛka, b ra ket n baoodame tɩ b lebs n gʋls yɩɩl-kʋdã sẽn yɩ to-to wã, tɩ pipi soabã yaool n da nong n yɩɩnd yɩɩl-kʋdã ne Gɛrk yɩɩl-kʋdã sẽn yaa laïki mousiki wã. Yaa wakat kãng la yɩɩn-yɩɩndb wʋsg wa n lebg neb sẽn nong wʋsgo. Yaa yʋʋm 1970 soabã pʋgẽ la b reng n yiis seb-vãoog sẽn na n kɩt tɩ b bãng rebetiko wã n paase, tɩ pa gɛrk buud-goamã pʋgẽ ye. [GH 2] La b baasame n yiis seb-vãoog ning b sẽn deng n gʋls ne English. 

Yʋʋm 1970 wã pʋgẽ, yɩɩl-gʋlsdb kẽer sẽn kʋʋl n yɩɩl yɩɩl-kʋdã n lebs n dɩk n gʋls n paas ne b kom-bɩɩsã sẽn da maand buzouki wã. Wala makre, a Giorgios Mouflouzelis gʋlsa yɩɩl-bɛd wʋsgo, baa a sẽn da wa n yaa bi-bɩɩga, a zɩ n maan yɩɩl-bɛd sẽn tar rpm 78 ye. Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, yaa yɩɩl-gʋlsd a Sotiria Bellou sẽn gʋls yɩɩl-bɛdã, sẽn sɩng ne yʋʋmd 1947 n kẽng taoor ne yɩɩl-bɛdã, sẽn sɩng ne a Tsitsanis. Seb-kãensã sẽn yaa pa-kʋdã sõngame tɩ neb wʋsg sẽn da pa mi rebetiko wã paam n wʋm-a, la b ket n tõe n paam-a-la rũndã-rũndã.

Sẽn nan yɩll tɩ b leb n paam pãng yʋʋm 1960 wã baasg la 1970 wã sɩngrẽ wã yaa b sẽn maan b sẽn na n kɩɩs sodaasã sẽn da so sodaasã. Tõe tɩ yaa rebetiko yɩɩlã sẽn da pa nong n yaa politikã yĩng n kɩt tɩ b ra tõe n tags tɩ b yɩɩlã yaa wẽnga, b sẽn da gomd bũmb ning yellã yĩnga, la b sẽn da tẽegd tɩ zab-bɛdã sẽn zĩnd pĩndã ra yaa wẽnga.

A Rebetiko sẽn yɩ to-to pĩndã, b leb n vʋʋgame yʋʋmd 1967 n tãag yʋʋmd 1974 Junta wã sasa, wakat ning Koloneell rãmbã sẽn da gɩdg-a wã. Zĩ-kãnga wã loogr poore, neb wʋsg n yik n na n zĩnd be. B sẽn boond tɩ Opisthodhromiki Kompania, Rembetiki Kompania, Babis Tsertos, Agathonas Iakovidis la neb a taaba.

A Giorgos Dalaras yãka yam n na n yiis a meng rebetiko yɩɩl b sẽn lebg ne rebetiko yɩɩl 50 Chronia Rebetiko Tragoudi (50 Χρόνια Ρεμπέτικο Τραγούδι, 50 Years of Rebetiko Songs). Baa ne b sẽn da boog b yɩɩlã, yɩɩllã yɩɩ sõma tao-tao. Baasg zãnga, rẽ kɩtame tɩ bũmb a to sɩng Greek mizikã pʋgẽ, tɩ rebet rãmb nins b sẽn da yĩm pĩndã sɩng n yɩɩndẽ, sãnda sẽn yɩ pipi naoor yʋʋm 30 bɩ 40 pʋgẽ. A kell n maana tʋʋm kãnga ne LP sẽn yi yʋʋmd 1980, sẽn boond tɩ Rebetika tis Katochis (Ρεμπέτικα της Κατοχής, Rebetiko ( yɩɩl) sẽn kẽed ne zabã wɛɛngẽ), sẽn da yaa yɩɩl sẽn tar pãng la sẽn tar pãng n yɩɩd, sẽn zems ne rebetika ning b sẽn da wʋmd yʋʋmd 1930 wã. Baasg zãnga, b leb n yiis-a-la sɛbã pʋsẽ n gom dorgã yelle, la b pʋd-a-la bilf bala. Sã n yaa ne pipi LP wã sẽn yɩ yiib-n-soabã, rẽnda ra tara pipi yɩɩl-gʋlsdbã, sẽn yɩɩd fãa Bayianteras la Genitsaris sẽn zĩnd albumã pʋgẽ wã.

### Rũndã-rũndã
Rũndã-rũndã, rebetiko yɩɩlã ket n bee Gɛrk soolmẽ wã, b sã n lebgd-b rũndã-rũndã, b pa baood n na n yɩ neb sẽn pa tũud ne b sẽn da maandã ye. B leb n lebgd-b lame n dat n dɩkd pĩnd wẽndẽ yɩɩlã togs-n-taare. Zĩ-kãnga yaa zuloees sẽn paasd tẽns a taab pʋsẽ, la a sẽn tar pãng Gɛrk tẽn-zẽmsã pʋsẽ wã yaa sõma. [ citation needed ]

Bõn-minim dãmb la yɩɩn-yẽgdb kẽer yaa a Babis Tsertos, a Babis Goles la a Agathonas Iakovidis.

Yʋʋmd 2012, a Vinicio Capossela yiisa a yɩɩll album sẽn boond tɩ Rebetiko Gymnastas.

## B United States Puge
Ges-y me: Gɛrk tẽn-bilã sẽn yi Etazĩni wã yɩɩl sɩngame yʋʋmd 19 soabã saabẽ. Rẽ poore, la yʋʋm nins sẽn pʋgl Asia sẽn yaa sull-bilã sãoongã poore, hal tɩ b tõog n gɩdg nin-buiidã b sẽn wat n yi wã yʋʋm 1920 wã sʋka, Greek neb wʋsg yiime n kẽng United States, n wa ne b mizikã minimã. Yʋʋmd 1896 wã, Amerika kom-bɩɩsã sɩngame n tall Greek mizik nins sẽn da be tẽn-kãens pʋgẽ wã. [nb 9] Yʋʋmd 1919 wã, b yãa Greek-America kaset kaset dãmb pipi rãmbã. Sẽn sɩng ne yʋʋmd 2000 soabã yʋʋm kob-gĩnd a yiib-n-soabã, yɩɩl wʋsg n da be Greece pʋgẽ n yaool n sɩng n be kasetẽ. [Tõnd sẽn na n tool-y neda] 

Yʋʋmd 1930 wã sʋka, Amerika ne Amerika koe-moondbã ra sɩngda n getẽ tɩ b gʋlsda rebetiko sõssã, tɩ b ra pa tõe n tõog n paam b sẽn da pa maandẽ wã ye. Yaa a Zeova n kõ-b la b segd n maan b sẽn tõe fãa n tõog n tõog n maan to-to. B sẽn da yiis yʋʋmd 1973 wã, b ra tara kasetã sẽn yaa "Otan Kapnizi O Loulas" (Όταν Καπνίζει Ο Λουλάς, When They Smoke The Hookah) sẽn yaa a Apostolos Nikolaidis sẽn gʋlsã. A ra pa tõe n yiis album kãngã Greece pʋgẽ, a sẽn gomd bũmb toor-toor sẽn wilgd tɩ b tũnugda ne dorgã wakatẽ wã ye. La yaa sõma tɩ d tẽeg tɩ b pa yiisd b sɛb nins sẽn da kɩt tɩ b get b sɛb ye, hal yʋʋm 1981 wã, yʋʋm a yopoe sẽn looge. A sẽn da ket n maand yɩɩl a taabã, a sẽn da ket ne a sẽn da maand yɩɩl to-to wã, a sẽn sɩng n maand yɩɩlã a sẽn da boond t'a rebetiko wã. Baa yɩɩl nins b sẽn da gʋls ne buzouki-baglamas-guitarã sẽn yaa sõma wã me tõe n pukame Anatolii nebã fu-goamẽ. [Tõnd sẽn na n tool-y neda] 

zabrã a yiib-n-soabã poore, sẽn sɩng ne 1950 wã sɩngrẽ, Greek rebetiko yɩɩl-gʋlsdb wʋsg yi Greece n tɩ kẽnga United States, la kẽer zĩnda be wakat sẽn zãra. Bãmb sʋka, a Ioannis Papaioannou, a Manolis Chiotis, a Vassilis Tsitsanis, a Iordanis Tsomidis, a Roza Eskenazi, a Stratos Pagioumtzis, a Stavros Tzouanakos la a Giannis Tatasopoulos ra yaa neb sẽn tar yõod wʋsgo. [Tõnd sẽn na n tool-y neda]

##### Robetiko Kugre
Rõk sẽn boond tɩ Rebetiko wã yaa mizik buud sẽn naag ne rock la rebetiko. Rõog-n-tõog la Gɛrk nebã yɩɩl me n kɩt tɩ b lebg rõog-rãmbã.

## Neb nins sẽn yɩɩl rebetiko wã sẽn kẽed ne lɛɛr 78 wã

Rita Abatzi.jpg|Rita Abatzi
George Batis.JPG|Yiorgos Batis

Anestis Delias rebetiko musician about 1933.jpg|Anestis Delias
Marika Ninou.jpg|Marika Ninou

##### B Discography
A Zeova Kaset rãmbã sẽn yiisd CD-d-d-rãmb wʋsg Gɛrɛs soolmẽ wã wã pa le yiisd-b ye. Sẽn sɩng ne 1990 wã, b yiisda CD-rãmb sẽn tar yõod wʋsg ne b sẽn tall-b pĩnd wẽndẽ wã. A sẽn pʋgdã baoosame n na n yiis b saam-biis nins sẽn gomd gomd Gɛrk goama, la b yiis-b-la ne gom-biis a wãn sẽn gomd Gɛrkã pʋgẽ. B fãa yaa CD-db sã n ka be bũmb a to sẽn wilgdã. B sẽn tar pãng wʋsg b sẽn yiisd b b bĩngrẽ wã yaa b sẽn tall b wʋmb sõma la b sẽn kẽesd b sõor wʋsg b sẽn gomd bĩngrã pʋgẽ wã. Ges-y sull ning sẽn be tẽng zug n na n bãng Biiblã sẽn gomd pĩnd wẽndẽ CD-rãmb yelle. 

* Apostolos Hadzichristos  - A Unique Greek Voice, (4CD), JSP Records, 2011.
* Sẽn sɩng ne Tambouras n tãag Bouzouki, Bouzouki kʋdemdã la a sẽn wa n lebg to-to wã la a pipi kasetã (1926 - 1932), Orpheum Phonograph ORPH-01 , 2013.
* Great Voices of Constantinople 1927 - 1933, Rounder Records, 1997.
* Greek-Oriental Rebetica-Songs & Dances in the Asia Minor Style:The Golden Years, Arhoolie Records, 1991.
* Greek Rhapsody  -  Instrumental Music from Greece 1905 - 1956, (2CD & book) Dust-To-Digital DTD-27, 2013.
* Marika Papagika  -  Greek nebã sẽn nong yɩɩlã la yɩɩl nins b sẽn da maand ne rebɛtikã Niuyork 1918 - 1929, Alma Criolla Records, 1994.
* Markos Vamvakaris, Bouzouki Pioneer, 1932 - 1940, Rounder Records, 1998.
* A Markos Vamvakaris, Rembetika karen-saamba  -  Rɩk-n-taar zãng 1932 - 1937, n paas rɩk-n-taar b sẽn yãk 1938, (4CD), JSP Records, 2010
* Mortika  -  Rare Vintage Recordings from a Greek Underworld, ARKO records, Uppsala, 2005. CD la sebre, b leb n yiis-a-la 2LP kasẽng ne Mississippi Records, 2009.
* Mourmourika: Greek tẽngr-tẽngã yɩɩl dãmba, Rounder Records, 1999.
* Mam sũ-noog a ye tãa: Classic Pireotic Rembetica 1932 - 1946, Rounder Records, 1999.
* Rembetica: Greek tẽnsa neb yɩɩl kʋdemdã, Rounder Records, 1992.
* Rembetika: Greek Music from the Underground, JSP Records, 2006.
* A Rembetika 2: A sẽn paasd Gɛrk tẽng tẽng mizikã kʋdemdã, JSP Records, 2008.
* Rebetiki Istoria, EMIAL-Lambropoulos, Atɛn 1975 - 76 -  LP sõor a yoob pʋgẽ, b wa n yiis-a-la kaset la CD-rãmb pʋgẽ.
* Roza Eskenazi -  Rembetissa, Rounder Records, 1996.
* The Rough Guide to Rebetika, World Music Network, 2004.
* A Vassilis Tsitsanis -  Bõn-bãmba fãa sẽn deng zabrã, 1936 ⁇ 1940 (5CD), JSP Records, 2008.
* Vassilis Tsitsanis -  The Postwar Years 1946 ⁇ 1954, (4CD), JSP Records, 2009.
* A Rembetica pagb, Rounder Records, 2000.
* Rembetika pagbã, (4CD), JSP Record, 2012.
* Various -  The Diaspora Of Rembetiko, Network Medien, (2CD), sẽn naag taab n gʋlsã, 2004

## Sebr ning sẽn pʋgdã

# Gomd ning sẽn yaa dromos wã rat n yeelame tɩ 'sor' bɩ 'sorã.'
# Piraeotiko dromos wã paama a yʋʋr ne Piraeus tẽnga, la b tũnugda ne gom-biis nins sẽn boond tɩ matzore (ματζόρε) la minore (μινόρε) sẽn na yɩl n kẽed ninsabls tẽn-bɛdã la kom-bɩɩsã sẽn be dromoi wã pʋgẽ wã.
# Sẽn nan pa kaoose, b wa n paama gom-biis a taab sẽn wilgd tɩ b ra zemsda taaba. A Paradosiaká sẽn yaa gom-bil sẽn dat n yeel bal tɩ "tẽn-kʋdemdã" rũndã-rũndã, b tũnugda ne-a n na n wilg tẽn-kɩremsã yɩɩl buud sẽn yik Gɛrk soolmẽ wã sẽn sɩng ne yʋʋmd 1970 wã, la sẽn tũnugd bal ne Ottoman art musicã ramb la yɩɩl buud-gomd bala. Y sã n dat n bãng bũmb ning sẽn kɩt tɩ b gomd woto wã sõma, bɩ y ges sebr ning a Eleni Kallimopoulou sẽn boond tɩ Paradosiaká: Music, Meaning and Identity in Modern Greece. Ashgate, yʋʋmd 2009.
# A Stathis Gauntlett wilga rebetiko yɩɩlã sẽn yaa to-to ne ãngilindã. 
# A Dionysis Maniatis[DM 1] sẽn da gʋlsd yɩɩl-bɛd sẽn yaa 78 rpm sẽn be Greek pʋgẽ wã wilgame tɩ rebetiko yɩɩl nins b sẽn da gʋlsdã sẽn pa ta 7% ra tara yɛl sẽn tɩ loe ne dorgã.
# Wala makre, a Petropoulos pʋɩta a sẽn sɩng n maand to-to wã tɩ yaa wakat a tãabo:

* 1922 - 1932  -  yaa wakat ning rebetiko wã sẽn yi a yẽgẽ wã ne Azi-bilã la Greek tẽn-kãsengã mizikã yɛl sẽn naag taab n wa.
* 1932 - 1942  -  klasik wakatã,
* 1942 - 1952  -  yaa bãngrã, a sãangã la a sakrã wakat;

Seb-kãngã tõe n sõng-d lame tɩ d bãng bũmb ning sẽn kɩt tɩ b gʋlsd yɩɩl-bɛdã, la a leb n pa sõng-d tɩ d bãng b sẽn da gʋlsd yɩɩl-bɛdã hal sẽn deng yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 20 soabã ye.

* Gomd ning sẽn yaa "Smyrneïka" yaa sẽn na n tudg bilfu, bala b tũnugda ne-a n na n gom tẽn-tẽns nins sẽn yaa Ottoman-Grɛk kafe rãmb yɩɩlã yelle, pa Smirn bal ye, la yaa Constantinople/Istanbul la tẽns a taab me, la baa Amerik yɩɩl-gʋlsdb sẽn pa tar lagem-n-taar ne Smirn yɩɩlã.
* A Stathis Damianakos yeelame tɩ rebetiko yɩɩl nins sẽn zĩnd pipi wakat kãngã wã ra yaa lumpenproletariatã yɩɩl-yɩɩllã n yɩɩd fãa.
* A Michael Arachtingi yɩɩl yɩɩl a nii yʋʋmd 1896 tʋʋl-nif kiuugã. Spottswood).

## Sẽn paase

** Katharine Butterworth & Sara Schneider, eds. *Rebetika – Songs from the Old Greek Underworld*. Athens: Aiora Press, 2014.
** Stathis Damianakos. *Κοινωνιολογία του Ρεμπέτικου*, 2nd edn. (“The Sociology of Rebetiko”). Athens: Plethron, 2001.
** Stathis Gauntlett. ‘Between Orientalism and Occidentalism: The contribution of Asia Minor refugees to Greek popular song, and its reception’, in: *Crossing the Aegean: an appraisal of the 1923 compulsory population exchange between Greece and Turkey*, ed. R. Hirschon, Berghahn, Oxford & New York, 247–260, 2003.
** .
** Stathis Gauntlett, ‘The Diaspora Sings Back: Rebetika Down Under’, in: *Greek Diaspora and Migration since 1700*, ed. Dimitris Tziovas. Ashgate, 2009.
** Manos Hatzidakis, *Ερμηνεία και θέση του ρεμπέτικου τραγουδιού* (*The interpretation and position of rebetiko song*, in Greek), 1949.
** Gail Holst-Warhaft, *Road to rembetika: music from a Greek sub-culture, songs of love, sorrow and hashish*. Athens: Denise Harvey & Company,.
*# **^** 3rd ed. 1983, pp. 24–27.
*# **^** 1st ed. 1975.
** Nikos Kotarides, *Ρεμπέτες και ρεμπέτικο τραγούδι* (*Rebetes and rebetiko song*). Athens: Plethron, 1996.
** Dionysis Maniatis, *Η εκ περάτων δισκογραφία γραμμοφώνου* (*I Ek Peraton Diskografia Grammofonou – The complete gramophone discography*), Athens 2006.
*# ^ Jump up to:***a*** ***b*** Comprehensive list of Greek 78 rpm issues including title, artist(s), composer(s) and genre assignation.
** Panagiotis Kounades, *Εις ανάμνησιν στιγμών ελκυστικών* (“In memory of charming moments”). Athens: Katarti, 2000.
** Nikos Ordoulidis, "The Greek popular modes", in: *British Postgraduate Musicology* 11 (December 2011).
** Risto Pekka Pennanen, "The Nationalisation of Ottoman Popular Music in Greece", in: *Ethnomusicology*, vol. 48, no. 1 (Winter 2004), pp. 1–25.
** Elias Petropoulos, *Rebetika: songs from the Old Greek Underworld*, translated by John Taylor, illustrated by Alekos Fassianos. London: Alcyon Art Editions, 1992. .
** David Prudhomme, *Rébétiko (La mauvaise herbe)*, Futuropolis, 2009. .
** John Taylor, ‘The Rebetic Songs’, in: *Maledicta*, vol. 5, nos. 1–2 (Summer-Winter 1981), pp. 25–30.
** Markos Vamvakaris, *Autobiography*. Trans. Noonie Minogue and published by Greeklines.

## Sebtiise