Celtic Harp

**Celtic** **harp** yaa kareng tãnsĩr sẽn yaa taab ne Celtic tẽns sẽn be Erop tʋʋr-wũndã. B boond-a lame tɩ clairseach Irilandẽ, clàrsach Gʋelik sẽn yaa a Zeova Kaset rãmbã buud-gomdã pʋgẽ, telenn sẽn yaa a Bretonẽ, la telyn sẽn yaa a Welshẽ wã. Iriland la Ecosse, yaa yɩɩl sẽn tar tãb-biis sẽn baood minim wʋsgo, la b zãmsda wʋsg n na n yɩɩl-a. A beẽ wã, a beẽ wã la a beẽ-bẽ wã.

## Kibis sẽn sɩngrẽ

B pa tõe n bãnge tɩ b ra gomda tãns-bil-tõnd sẽn yaa b sẽn boond tɩ tãns-tõnsã yell ye. B ra boond instrument ning pipi sẽn da be Gaɛl soolmã pʋgẽ tɩ b ra boond tɩ harpã. Tõe tɩ gom-biig kãngã ra gomda bũmb a to sẽn yaa string instrument sẽn yaa Welsh crwth ne a sẽn yaa a taab n gomd a yellã. B wilgame tɩ b ra gomda karsaag bɩ klaarseach (tõnd sẽn yit karsaag wall clár) sẽn yaa karsaag sẽn yaa tãns-bil sẽn pa tar pãng n na n zĩnd karsaagã zĩigẽ, la tɩ karsaag kãngã yita Skots tẽnga. 

B yãa tɩɩg sẽn yaa bĩngd sẽn yaa b sẽn da get tɩ yaa bĩnd sẽn yaa bẽngd sẽn tar pãng sẽn yit Iron Age sẽn dat n ta yʋʋmd 300 sẽn deng a Zezi rogmã zugu. B sẽn deng n yãt-a wã, b yãenda a sẽn da maand bũmb ning sẽn yaa pipi karengã. B ra tara kareng sẽn yaa wa piitã. Yaa b sẽn da tar b to wã n kẽng Anglo-Saksons wã nengẽ. Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, b maana kareng a 13 n wilg tɩ b ra tara kareng a ye sẽn yaa kareng a 11 soabã sẽn deng a Zezi rogmã. La kareng a 12 n be Ecosse.

Ireland nebã sẽn deng n gom ne yɩɩl-kãnga yell n sɩng yʋʋmd 600 wã, la b ra waoogda yɩɩl-kãensã sẽn da be wakat kãng nin-kãnga sʋka. Ireland sɛb sẽn sɩng yʋʋmd 700 wã yeelame tɩ b ra segd n zĩnda ne nin-kãsems wã tɩ b wa rɩtẽ, la pa ne nin-bãmba sẽn maand yɩɩl ye. A Zeova Kaset rãmbã ra maanda woto. Baa ne b sẽn yã bũmb nins sẽn wilgd tɩ b ra tara yɩɩl sẽn tar stringã Irilandẽ wã, b pa yã bũmb nins b sẽn yãtẽ wã ye. Wala makre, b pa getẽ tɩ b ra pa mi bũmb nins b ra maandẽ ye.

Yaa karẽn-biis a yiib bal n be Iriland soolmẽ wã, sẽn be Scotland tẽn-bɛdã zug. B fãa gʋlsa yʋʋm koabg a yiib Pictish wã poore. A Zeova Kaset rãmbã sẽn da maand yɩɩl a yiib-n-soabã, b ra pa tõe n wilg tɩ b ra yaa nin-buiidã bal ye. Zãmsg a yembr wilgame tɩ b tõe n kopsa Pikitis kug sẽn yaa b sẽn gʋls ne b sẽn gʋlsd Utrecht Psalter wã, sẽn yaa pipi zĩig ning sẽn be Pikitis a Ɛktoiz soolmã pʋgẽ n wilgd a tãens-tũusg a taab n maand yɩɩl-tũudg a taab ye. B gʋlsa Utrecht Psalter wã yʋʋmd 816 n tãag yʋʋmd 835 sẽn pʋgã. La b yãee b sẽn yãt-b nin-kãnga sẽn yaa nin-kãsenga n tar b sẽn yã tɩ b yaa nin-kẽeng n tar b nẽnga n dat n maan yʋʋm 790 n ta 799 sẽn tũ ne Krista. la b wilg tɩ b sẽn gʋls-a wã yaa yʋʋm pis-naas la b yaool n gʋls-a. Bãngr-goam a taab sẽn yaa Pictish me yaa Utrecht Psalter, sẽn yaa Dupplin Cross wã sẽn yaa kareng sẽn be yʋʋmd 800 soabã. 

A Gerald sẽn yaa Normand-Welsh tũudmã taoor soab la karen-saamb sẽn yaa Wales (ca. 1146-1223), sẽn tar a Topographica Hibernica et Expugnatio Hibernica sẽn wilgd Irlãnd sẽn yaa Anglo-Normandã sẽn get to-to wã, pẽga Irlãnd harp mizikã (b sã n yaa bũmb bilf n yɩɩd rẽ), n yeel woto: Bũmb ning mam sẽn yã tɩ nin-kãensã tʋmd ne tʋʋm sẽn tar waoogrã yaa b sẽn gomd mizik tʋʋm-teedã... b yaa nin-tɩrs sẽn pa tõe n mak ne b taabã ye. La a Gerald sẽn da pa nong Irlandi nebã wʋsg wã pa wʋmd a meng võor ye. A sẽn sak n deeg tɩ yɩɩl-kãngã sẽn yaa a sẽn sɩng Irilandã, a paasame tɩ "b wʋsg sẽn tagsd tɩ" yaa sẽn kẽed ne Scots la Welsh wã n yɩɩd-b masã. A Gerald gomda cythara ne tympanum yelle, la b sẽn da get b yelle ne harpa pa mi ye, la b pa mi t'a kẽnga Ɛskotilɩnd ye.  A sẽn wa n yaa a sẽn da yaa a Zeova Kaset soaba, a sẽn wa n be a Zeova Kaset rãmbã sʋka, a wilgame tɩ a Zeova Kaset rãmb nins sẽn be be a soolmẽ wã segd n sakame tɩ b bãngẽ tɩ b sẽn da yaa nin-buiidã, b segd n sak n deegame. Ireland wã ra tũnugda ne yɩɩl a yiib bal la a nong-b wʋsgo, sẽn yaa harpa wã la tympanum wã. A Zeova Kaset rãmbã sẽn be Ecosse wã, b tũnugda ne tãns-tã: arf, tympanum la neb kʋʋngã.

- Gerald sẽn be WalesB sẽn yã tɩ b yãt-b-la b sẽn yãt-bã, b yãta b sẽn yãend-b to-to wã. B yãta b sã n yãt-ba. A Saint Maedóc sẽn be Iriland n be Ferns wã, yaa yʋʋmd 1100 soabã, la a wilgda rĩm a Davɩɩd ne a tãnsĩng-rɩtga, n tar "T-bõog" a zugẽ. A Zeova Kaset rãmbã sẽn da yaa b tẽed-n-taasã n da tar b meng n maand woto wã, b ra pa tõe n maan woto ye. 

Sẽn deng yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 16 soabã, b ra tara karẽ-kãsems a naasã a tãabo n yaa karẽ-kẽem-kãsemse: a Brian Boru karẽ-kɛsems sẽn be Trinity College, Dublin, la a Queen Mary ne a Lamont karẽ-kakrẽ-kɛrems sẽn be Scotland National Museum, Edinburgh. Sẽn paase, b ra tẽedame tɩ b ra maanda ne b tɩɩg sẽn ka be Ecosse la Ireland ye. Karen Loomis sẽn wa n yiis a PhD yʋʋmd 2015 wã, a kɩɩsda a sẽn yetã.  A tãabã fãa yaa yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 15 soabã la b tõe n maana Argyll, sẽn be Ecosse rɩtgẽ wã. 

Yʋʋm kobs 17-18 soabã sẽn zĩnd Harp-n-soabgã sẽn yaa kãseng n yɩɩdã, yaa Iriland sẽn da yaa arp-n'a-soab la a sẽn da maand yɩɩl a Turlough O'Carolan n da yaa nin-kẽeng sẽn da pa yãend ye. A yɩɩl-kãens sẽn yaa 220 n ket n be hal tɩ ta rũndã.

## Sõngr la tʋʋm
Bãngdb a yiib sẽn yaa John Bannerman ne Michael Newton yeelame tɩ yʋʋmd 1500 wã tɛka, b ra maanda ne sãnem. B sẽn da get bũmb ning sẽn yaa wa "sẽn yaa wa ne sãnem" wã, b pa gomd bũmb ning sẽn be a pʋgẽ wã yell ye. Rũndã-rũndã, b makda bũmb nins sẽn yaa wa ne bãnd sẽn yaa wa sãnem, wa sãnem la sãnem. B maana b toor-toor tɩ b bãng b sẽn tõe n maan bũmb ninsã. B maana b sã n maan bũmb a to wã ne sãnem la wa ne sãnem.  B ra tara log-rãmb n tigimd b yɩɩl-rãmbã, la b ra tigimd-b ne log-rãmbã. Celtic harp wã me ra tara gãn-kãnga ne b sẽn da tar n paasd a zug n yaa gãn-gãong la a sẽn da tar ne gãn-goam sẽn yaa waand ne bĩng sẽn yaa waasg ne sãnem. B zãa b sõorã ne nug-dõoneg la b zãad-b-la ne b sõor-dõone. B sẽn da tar tãnsã-rãmbã, b ra tara yɩɩl a yiib sẽn yaa toor ne taaba.

### Dɩtb-rãmbã

B sẽn boond tɩ klairseach wã wã b sẽn boond tɩ:

B ra tara gãnd sẽn yaa ne sãnem n bĩngd a yiibu, n tar gãnd sẽn tar sãnem n kɩt tɩ b tõe n maneg a to. A ra tara a tãnsãr sẽn da be kom-n-taarã zugẽ. B ra tara karẽng sẽn tar pãng n pa tar pãng n paasã n na n kɩt tɩ b paam n kõ-a karẽng n kõ-ba.

B ra maanda b sẽn da tõe n maan bũmb ning fãa. B saka a poorẽ ne gãnd tɩ b gãd a gãndgã.

B ra maanda ne sãnem la b ra pa tõe n kɩt tɩ b gãneg ne tãmbã tɩ b ra wa kẽed ne tãmb-kãnga.

B tõe n yeelame tɩ b sẽn da tar n yiisd b sãn-kãnga, b ra tara b sãnã n da yaa b sẽn da pak-a wã.

### D sẽn tõe n maan yɩɩlã
B yeelame tɩ yɩɩl ning b sẽn boond tɩ harpã sẽn yaa ne telefõ wã yɩɩ toog wʋsgo. Sẽn yaa yɩl tɩ b tõog n wʋme, yɩɩl-gʋlsdã ra segd n boogda yɩɩl nins b sẽn da wa n wa n yɩɩl n wa n tãag b sẽn da ket n tigimd-b-la wã, la a ra segd n yɩɩl-a lame. Sẽn yaa toor ne rũndã-rũndã sẽn yaa to-to wã, b ra wẽnda tãnsã ne b rɩtgo, la b ra wẽda basse. B ra yetame tɩ ned sã n wa tar yʋʋm a yopoe, a segd n sɩng n zãms yɩɩl-n-taar n yaool n pa ta yʋʋm a yopio wã ye. La rũndã-rũndã, b sẽn yaa sõma n yɩɩd nebã fãa wilgame tɩ b tõe n paama tõog n tõog n tõogd b tʋʋmdã b sẽn kʋʋl n wa ta wã.

### Dʋma wã sẽn pa tar yõodã
Yʋʋm kob-gĩnd wẽndẽ, b ra baood-b lame tɩ b maan yɩɩl sẽn tar tãb-biis ne tãb-bil sẽn yaa ne tãb sẽn be Ecosse tẽn-kɩremsã sẽn be rɩtg n tãag Iriland soolmã. La sẽn yaa to-to tɩ Gʋelik dũniyã sẽn be Ecosse la Iriland wã pa tar taab ye, b ra zoe n wilgame tɩ b pa wʋmd taab ye. 

Arpã ra yaa Iriland sẽn yaa a Zeova Kaset rãmbã tʋʋm-teed sẽn yaa sõma n yɩɩd a taabã, la arpã ra tara yõod wʋsg ne nebã. A Brehon Tõogã ra tara noy wʋsg n wilgd rẽ. Hal tɩ b sẽn wa n be Iriland wã, b ra pa segd n zãad-b ne b sẽn yaa b karen-bi-taasã ye. A Donal O'Sullivan sẽn yaa tar-b kibarã pʋgẽ, a gʋlsa woto: D tõe n yeelame tɩ yaa sɩd tɩ Protestãnd rãmbã sẽn da be tẽngã pʋgẽ yʋʋm a tãabo wã yagensã ra nonga Iriland yɩɩl wa sẽn da nongẽ wã. Neb a taab sẽn yaa neb a taab sẽn get a Zeova yell ne b sũy fãa wã, b wilga a Zeova sẽn maan bũmb ningã yɩɩl nins a sẽn gʋlsã pʋgẽ. B pẽgda nin-kãsemdã t'a tara minim n tõe n bãng n bãng n yãkd yɩɩl nins b sẽn boond tɩ arfã, la a sẽn gomd bũmb ning b sẽn yetã, la sẽn wilgdẽ tɩ b tara yam. *Tuigsear nan teud*,

*Purpais gach sgèil*,

*Susbaint gach cèill nàduir*.B wilgame tɩ yɩɩl nins b sẽn boond tɩ harp la piibã sẽn ki wã yaa bũmb sẽn kɩt tɩ b ra tar pãng MacLeod zakẽ wã, la tɩ b ra tara rãam sẽn be bõn-yũudb sẽn yãgdã pʋgẽ me. 
: *Gu àros nach crìon*
: *Am bi gàirich nam pìob*
: *Is nan clàrsach a rìs*
: *Le deàrrsadh nam pìos*
: *A' cur sàraidh air fìon*
: *Is 'ga leigeadh an gnìomh òircheard*.
Be, tãensã sẽn yaa gãnda wã tara b sẽn boond tɩ klàrsachã. A ra tõe n sõngame tɩ b yãk arfã, la tõe n kɩtame tɩ b tõog n lebg "tõnd yɩɩl" (ceòl mòr) sẽn yaa sõma. A sẽn yeel tɩ a pʋgkõorã yaa a Sir Donald MacDonald sẽn be Clanranald wã, yʋʋmd 1618 wã, wilgdame tɩ b ra gomda bagpipe wã yell hal pĩnd n yɩɩd pĩndã. 
: *Is iomadh sgal pìobadh*
: *Mar ri farrum nan dìsnean air clàr*
: *Rinn mi èisdeachd a’d' bhaile.*

Bũmb n be n wilgd tɩ yɩɩl ning b sẽn da boond tɩ klàrsach wã tõe n kɩtame tɩ b tũnug ne bagpipe wã. B goma gom-biis sẽn boond tɩ canntaireachd wã sẽn yaa bũmb ning sẽn kɩtd tɩ b tõe n gʋlsd la b zãms nebã ceòl mòr wã yell pipi n yeel tɩ b gʋls-a lame yʋʋm 1226 wã. Sõng sẽn kẽed ne tema la b sẽn toeem ne b sẽn maand ne b sẽn maan ne b sẽn pa maand ne b to wã yaa toor ne taaba. B leb n boondẽ-b tɩ programsach-dãmb.  

B gʋlsa neb kẽer yʋy sẽn pa ket n vɩ wã. A Duncan McIndeor sẽn da yaa zoeta, n ki yʋʋmd 1694 wã ra yaa a Campbell sẽn da yaa a soab n da wa be Auchinbreck wã, la a ra kẽngda Edimboor me. B gʋlsa "Ball of Meall" sẽn dat n yɩ 1683 soabã, tɩ b gʋls a Patrick McErnace sẽn yaa zo-beoog soaba, sẽn da yaa a Neill Campbell sẽn da yɩɩdã. B goma karẽn-bi-poakd a Manus McShire yell yʋʋmd 1688-704 wakatẽ. B goma a Neill Baine sẽn yaa tãb-bi-poak n yeel t'a yaa a Allan MacDonald sẽn yaa Clanranald tʋmtʋmd n gʋls-a lɛtr yʋʋmd 1702 soabã pʋgẽ. A Angus McDonald sẽn yaa arzõ wã paama ligd sẽn yaa a Menzies sẽn da kõ-a wã noor kiuug rasem 19 yʋʋm 1713 soabã, la a Markiz sẽn yaa a Huntly wã sõssã wilgame tɩ b yao-a lame n kõ arzõ-biis a yiib yʋʋmd 1714 soabã. B sẽn da yaa tãb-biis a taab n be wã yaa Rory Dall Morison (b sẽn ki yʋʋmd 1714), Lachlan Dall (b sẽn kii yʋʋmd 1721-1727) la Murdoch MacDonald (b sẽn kʋ yʋʋmd 1740). 

Yʋʋm kobs a 18 soabã sʋka, "võogda" (bõogda) ra pa tar pãng n na n zĩnd ye. Yaa rẽ n kɩt tɩ b tar pãng wʋsg ne Gayɛll nebã.

## B sẽn vʋʋg-b

Yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 19 soabã sɩngrẽ, baa ne a sẽn da yaa wakat ning sẽn da yaa to-to wã, a Zeova yãka a Zeova Kaset rãmbã tɩ b maan a Zeova raabã. A ra tara kõob la a ra yaa wa piis-tõnd sẽn yaa wa piisã, la a ra maanda a John Egan sẽn da yaa piisã tigis-tãoog soab n be Dublin. 

A sãn-soabã ra yaa bilf la a ra yaa bĩng wa pĩnd wẽndẽ klaarseach bɩ Irlandi harpa, la a ra tara kõ-yẽng n paas a sãn-doogã ra yaa vẽenega.  Yʋʋmd 1890 wã, b ra tara tigis-n-taag sẽn wõnd a woto sẽn lebg wʋsg Ecosse, sẽn yɩ Gayɛll buud-goam siglgã kibayã pʋga.  

La masã, b le pa le tar ratem ne arpã sẽn yaa ne telefõ wã ye. B maana kopi-rãmb la b maana vaeesg ne pĩnd wẽndẽ kibay la gom-biis nins b sẽn boond tɩ arpã wɛɛngẽ. Sẽn yaa kãseng n zĩnd a Celtic harp wã vʋʋgrã pʋgẽ yaa Edinburgh International Harp Festival, sẽn maand yʋʋmd fãa yʋʋmd 1982 wã n sɩng n tar yɩɩl la zãmsg karen-biis fãa.

## Biiblã sẽn gomd bũmb ninsã

* Armstrong, Robert Bruce (1904). *The Irish and The Highland Harps*. Edinburgh: David Douglas.
* Bannerman, John (1991). "The Clàrsach and the Clàrsair". *Scottish Studies*, vol. 30 no. 3.
* Budgey, Andrea (2002). "Musical relations between Scotland and Ireland" [in] McDonald, R. Andrew, [ed.] *Literature and Music in Scotland: 700–1560*. University of Toronto Press, ; .
* Caldwell, D.H., [ed.] (1982). *Angels, Nobles and Unicorns: Art and Patronage in Medieval Scotland*. Edinburgh: NMS.
* Cathcart, Cynthia (Summer 2009). "Silver report: Precious metal strings on the wire-strung harp". *Folk Harp Journal*, no. 143, pp. 34–43. available via wirestrungharp.com Archived 3 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine .
* Chadwick, Simon (November 2008). "The Early Irish Harp". *Early Music*, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 521–532.
* Collinson, Francis (1983)[1966]. *The Bagpipe, Fiddle and Harp*. Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1966; reprinted by Lang Syne Publishers Ltd., , .
* Dimock, James F., [ed.] (1867). *Giraldi Cambrensis opera: Giraldi Cambrensis Topographica Hibernica et Expugnatio Hibernica*. London, UK: Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer.
* Farmer, Henry George (1947). *A History of Music in Scotland*, p. 280. London, UK.
* Heymann, Ann & Heymann, Charlie (Fall 1991). "Cláirseach: The Lore of the Irish Harp". *Éire-Ireland*, vol. 26, no. 3.
* Heymann, Ann & Heymann, Charlie (Summer 2003). "Strings of Gold". *The Historical Harp Society Journal*, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 9–15. available via annheymann.com Archived 19 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine .
* Lanier, Sara C. (1999). "'It is new-strung and shan't be heard': Nationalism and Memory in the Irish Harp Tradition". *British Journal of Ethnomusicology*, vol. 8.
* Lawlor, Helen (2012). *Irish Harping, 1900–2010*. Dublin: Four Courts Press, .
* Le Govic, Tristan (2015). *The Breton Harp Anthology (Antologiezh Telenn Breizh)* Vol. II
* Newton, Michael & Cheape, Hugh (n.d.) "The Keening of Women and the Roar of the Pipe: From Clársach to Bagpipe, ca. 1600–1782". available via academia.edu Archived 25 April 2022 at the Wayback Machine .
* Ó Brógáin, Séamas (1998). *The Irish Harp Emblem*. Dublin, IE: Wolfhound Press, .
* O'Donnell, Mary Louise (2014). *Ireland's Harp: The Shaping of Irish Identity c.1770–1880*. Dublin, IE: University College Dublin Press, .
* Rensch, Roslyn (1989). *Harps and Harpists*, pp. 125–127. Indiana University Press.
* Rimmer, Joan (1964). "The Morphology of the Irish Harp". *The Galpin Society Journal*, no. 17.
* Rimmer, Joan (1984)[1969] *The Irish Harp: Cláirseach na hÉireann*, 3rd ed. The Mercier Press,  [1st ed. 1969; 2nd ed. 1977].
* Sanger, Keith & Kinnaird, Alison (1992). *Tree of Strings – Crann nan Teud*. Kinmor Music, .
* Watson, J. Carmichael, [ed.] (1934). *Gaelic Songs of Mary MacLeod*. Blackie & Son. available via archive.org .
* Yeats, Gráinne (1980). *Féile na gCruitirí, Béal Feirste* [The Belfast Harpers' Festival] 1972. Gael Linn, .

## Sebtiise

## Zems-n-taase

* Irlãnd harpã b sẽn boond tɩ Historical Harp Society

* Yaa Chúirt Chruitireachta, sẽn yaa tẽn-zẽms harp karen-biisi, b sẽn maand yʋʋmd fãa Termonfeckin Co. Louth, Irlãnd Archived 13 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine
* The Clarsach Society/Comunn na Clarsaich, sẽn yaa b sẽn boond tɩ Scotch harpã
* Edinburgh tẽn-tẽns harp kibsã
* Gɛt-rãmb nins b sẽn da tar Gɛt-rãmbã wakatẽ wã
* Arp rãmb la harp rãmb sẽn tar kibay sẽn be wirestrungharp.com pʋgẽ
* Gaelic Modes Web articles on Gaelic harp harmony and modes (Gaelic modes)
* A Zeova Kaset rãmbã sẽn be Ãngeletɛɛr soolmẽ wã, b naaga taab n na n maan tigis-kãsems sẽn na yɩl n sõng nebã tɩ b bãng Wẽnnaam. 68)
* Asni: harp lore - "sẽn bilgd Erop harp buud toor-toor (ne yɩɩl makrã) "
* Keltik harpã sebre  - kibay sẽn tɩ loe ne keltik la harp buud a taab
* My Harp's Delight  - mam zãmsda keltik harpã, sagls la sɩlem, harpã raabo
* Teifi harps  -  Celtic & Folk harps in Wales
* "Tears, Laughter, Magic"  - A Interview with Master Celtic Harp Builder Timothy Habinski on AdventuresInMusic.biz, 2007
* Celtic Harp Amplification Series  -  sẽn tũ ne mikrofõ la gitɛɛr paas-n-taase ne nin-buiid harps
* Markwood Strings -  Kibay sẽn tɩ loe ne harp strings luglgo, harp strings luglg sebre
* [1] A Simon Chadwick sẽn gʋls seb-bil ning sẽn gomd Gɛlg harp yell