Hawker zĩiga

Zĩ-kãnga yaa zĩig sẽn be zĩig sẽn be zug n be Hong Kong, Malezi la Singapor. B maana-b tɩ yɩ sõma tɩ b ra wa ne kom-bõoneg n yɩɩd kom-bɩɩsã, la b tara gãos-bõones wʋsg sẽn koosd rɩɩb buud toor-toore. Naoor wʋsgo, b kõt-b-la rɩɩb la b rɩtg taabl n kõ-b rɩɩbo.

Yaa taoor soab n get b kambã yelle, n get b sẽn na n paam n tɩ looge.

## Tẽns la tẽns sẽn pʋɩta

### Hong Kong
Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, Hong Kong wã, rɩɩb sẽn be wãbd zĩis wʋsg (熟食中心; bɩ rɩɩb sẽn yaa b sẽn dat n tɩge wãbg wãbg zĩisẽ, 熟食市場) yaa zĩis sẽn be tigisẽ wãbgẽ, wall b yaa gãn-tɩrga (b yaa zĩis wʋsg sẽn yaa tigisẽ), n pa tar sãnda bal ye (yakr sẽn yaa woto wã, Mong Kok Cooked Food Market wã bee Langham Place Hotel wã sẽn be tẽngrã). Sẽn na yɩl n tõog n tõog n paam rɩɩb sẽn yaa sõma, yaa rɩɩb sẽn pa sõma la sẽn yaa sõma.

Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, b ra tara noor tɩ b lebg n yiisd rɩɩb sẽn yaa b sẽn da nong n dɩtẽ wã. A Hong Kong goosneema wã ra getame tɩ b ra na n yiisda rɩɩb sẽn be b sẽn nong n dɩtã n yiisd-b roogẽ wã n yiisd b sẽn da boond tɩ dai pai dongã. Yʋʋm 1960 la 1970 wã sẽn zĩnd tigis-kãsemsã pʋgẽ, goosneema wã me lugla rɩɩb sẽn yaa b sẽn na n segl n kõ kamb sẽn tʋmd tʋʋm zĩisẽ wã, wala Kwun Tong, Tsuen Wan la Fo Tan.

Neb nins sẽn koosd rɩɩb sẽn yaa toor-toorã wã yaa neb sẽn pa tar yõod wʋsg.

### Malaysia
Yʋʋmd 1950 wã pʋgẽ, b ra maanda yɩɩre tɩ b ra pa mi b sẽn na n maan bũmb ninsã ye. Sẽn na yɩl n tõog n tõog n gɩdg a Zeova Kaset rãmbã tʋʋmde, a Zeova Kaset rãmb nins sẽn be Kuala Lumpur wã ra wa n wa n wa rɩka b toog ne b sẽn na n maan bũmb ninsã.

Yʋʋm kobs sẽn pʋglẽ wã, b lebga sull ning sẽn get b yell n get b sẽn na n maan to-to wã, la b sõng-b tɩ b tõog n sõng-b b sẽn na yɩl n tõog n paam n paam n kõ-b-la b mens n kõ-ba. La yʋʋmd 1960 wã poor, b sɩngame n zab ne tʋʋm nins sẽn pa zems ne b sẽn maand ne b sẽn pa tar lisensã. Sẽn paase, b ra pa get b sẽn na n maan bũmb ning ne b sẽn na yɩl n paam laafɩ ye.

Yʋʋmd 1967 wã, b maana malɛzi wã pipi malɛk rãmb kamb a yiib ne a yiib Kuala Lumpur wã, tɩ yɩ sor sẽn na yɩl n paas yel-paalg noy la b yiis teedã teedẽ wã. La b sẽn sɩng n pa rat n maan woto wã, b wa n kẽnga tẽn-kãens n kẽng tẽn-kãens. [1] La b wʋsg ket n tʋmdẽ zĩis a taab pʋsẽ. Yaa a Zeova Kaset rãmbã n kõ-b lisens a yopoe wã. [1]

A Penang soolmẽ wã, b kɩtame tɩ b kẽng zĩ-dãmb wʋsg tɩ b tɩ moon koɛɛgã, bala, yel-paalgã la soayã yell paasame. B pa tõe n yiis b sẽn da yaa b sẽn da tar n na n maan bũmb ningã ye. Sẽn kẽed ne sẽn kẽed ne b sẽn pa mi n na n wa kẽ zĩig ning b sẽn da pa segd n wa n kẽngẽ wã pa noom ne sẽn kẽeda ne b sẽn na n wa n wa n paame wã ye. Yʋʋm 1980 la 1990 wã, tʋʋm wʋsg sẽn pa yɩ sõma wã kɩtame tɩ sãambã lebg n wa tʋmda tʋʋm wʋsg pʋgẽ. Yʋʋmd 2014 wã, b sẽn wa n togs tɩ tẽn-tẽnsã 68 pʋsẽ, b yãenda sãamb dãmb 119 sẽn yaa sãamb dãmb, b yãka noy sẽn gɩdg sãamb dãmb n maan rɩɩb wã, la b talla b poorẽ, n yaool n deeg-a yʋʋmd 2016. B ra yetame tɩ yaa sẽn na yɩl n kogl Penang tẽngã paoongã, la goosneema wã wilgame tɩ rɩɩb 13 n yaa roog sẽn yaa roog b sẽn kõ-dã; 10 yaa Sɩngr buud toor-toore, 2 yaa Tamil buud toor-toor la 1 yaa Maay buud toor-tòore. Neb nins sẽn da yaa sãambã ra ket n tõe n tʋmdame wa tʋʋm-tʋmdb, wall wa rɩɩb-dãmb rɩɩb zĩisẽ. [1]

Sẽn maand-b rɩɩb ne b sẽn tʋmd ne b sẽn yaa kãsmã yaa sẽn yɩɩd b taabã, n namsd b sẽn yaa tʋʋm-tʋmdbã. A Hawking yaa ned sẽn pa tar yõod wʋsg la a yaood pa sõma ye. [1] COVID-19 bãaga kɩtame tɩ b paam zu-loees a taab. [1] Penang tẽnga naaba pʋlemame tɩ b na n lebs n maneg Gurney Drive wã sẽn yaa tẽn-tẽnga sẽn yaa tẽnsa sẽn yaa sõma n yɩɩd fãa wã. [1] Sẽn yaa to-to wã, sẽn yaa tɩ b sẽn da yaa b sẽn da tʋmd ne b sẽn pa tar b sẽn tõe n tʋm ne b sẽn da pa segd n tʋm ne a Zeova wã, b sẽn da maand b tʋʋmã fãa Penang tẽnga pʋga, b sẽn maan b sẽn pa tõe n tʋm n yɩɩd a Zeova wã paoogame.

### Singapore
Tẽns pʋsẽ, sẽn sɩng n yaa tẽn-kɩtbã, la sẽn sɩng n be yʋʋmd 1950 la 1960 wã, b ra pa le tar n yãgd tẽn-kɩttbã ye. Naoor wʋsgo, b ra naan naan naan naan wa ne neb sẽn pa tar lisens n na n maan rɩɩb sẽn pa yɩ yɩlg ne yĩns sõma wã. [1] Sẽn pa kaoos, b lebga b sẽn pa tar zĩig ning fãa wã, b sẽn wa n paasd b arzɛkã yĩnga, Malezi la Singapor tẽnsẽ wã neb wʋsg sẽn be tẽn-tẽnsã pʋsẽ. Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, Singapor tẽnga, b sẽn lebg n wa n lebg n lebg n wa rɩt rɩɩb zĩisã, yaa sẽn be zĩig pʋgẽ, sẽn tar tʋʋlg n yaa ne tʋʋlg sẽn yaa sõma, la sẽn be tigis-kãnga la zĩis a taab sẽn tar teedã.

Yʋʋm 1950 la 1960 wã, b ra getame tɩ b ra yaa neb nins sẽn pa tar ligd wʋsg n na n paam n paam n kẽed ne tẽn-kãense. B ra mii b rɩɩb tɩ pa yɩ yɩlem ye, tɩ rẽ fãa yaa b sẽn da nong n yãgdẽ rũm-dãmb la bõn-wẽns sẽn beẽ wã yĩnga. B sẽn da tʋmd ne koom-koglgã wã, b ra pa getẽ tɩ b ra segd n zãad-b-la sõma ye. Sẽn pa kaoos, tẽngã kom-bɩɩsã sẽn da rat tɩ b maan yel-manesmã manegame. Woto baooda lisensã noy pidsgu, tɩ yaa tɩlae tɩ b yɩ yɩ sõma tɩ b tõog n tʋm ne b mens sõma. [1] [2] A sẽn tar a 85% bɩ a sẽn ta rẽ wã kɩtdame t'a paam A, la a sẽn tar a D n yɩɩd yaa a sẽn paam a 40 wã n ta a 49% n tõog n tõog a noyã. B segd n wilga b sõor-kãensã ne b sẽn maand n maand n maand b sẽn datã. B sɩngame n na n le paasd b sẽn na n maan bũmb ninsã, la b leb n manegd b sẽn tõe n maan bũmb ningã.

Yʋʋmd 1987 wã, b yãka noy sẽn wilgd tɩ b segd n dɩtẽ la b yel-gɛtẽ wã. A 6 n kõ-b ligd sẽn ta US$ 400 (HK$ 2470). B na n sɩbga ned sã n maan bũmb sẽn yaa wẽng n yɩɩd a taabã, wala b sẽn kɩt tɩ bũmb sẽn yaa rẽgd wa kẽ ne rɩɩb pʋgẽ. Ned sã n pa wilg a sẽn kõ-a lisensã, a na n paama ligd sẽn ta US$ 200 la a na n sɩbg-a. [1]

Singapore tẽnga tigis-kãsems yaa goosneema rãmb a tãabo n so, sẽn yaa: tẽnga siglgã siglgã (NEA) sẽn be siglgã sigla siglgã (MSE), tẽnga gãdga la yiri yiri la yiri la yiri siglgã (HDB) la JTC Corporation. B sẽn yaa HDB ne NEA zu-soaba fãa, NEA me n get b yelle, tɩ tẽnga pʋga kom-bɩɩsã zãadẽ wã zãadẽ la b zãadẽ. B sẽn yaa JTC-bã, b zãada b mens n kõ b mens. [1]

Yʋʋmd 2011 soabã pʋgẽ, Singapore wilgame tɩ b na n maana tigis-kãsems 10 sẽn na yɩl n tõog n tɩ looge, tɩ yaa sẽn zems ne tigis-n-taag 600 yʋʋm piig sẽn pʋgdã pʋgẽ. Woto na n kɩtame tɩ rɩɩb ligd tall pãnga, la wakat fãa, a na n boogame. [1]

Yʋʋmd 2016 wã, Singapore wã rɩɩb roog a yiib sẽn be wã, sẽn be halkẽ wã zĩisẽ wã lebga pipi roog rɩɩb raab sẽn paam Michelin tɩɩg rɩɩb sẽn yaa sõma wã yĩnga. A sẽn da na n wa n tɩ yi wã yaa Hong Kong Soya Sauce Chicken Rice ne Noodle la Hill Street Tai Hwa Pork Noodle. Yʋʋmd 2019 wã, b kõo zak-kẽeng dãmb 40 b sẽn boond tɩ "Michelin Star" la "Bib Gourmand" Singapor. Yʋʋmd 2023 wã, b ra yaa neb wʋsg n be be tẽn-kãnga pʋgẽ. [1]

Yʋʋmd 2019 soabã pʋgẽ, Singapore ningda a sẽn na n yãk-a n na n kẽes a sẽn na yɩl n tall a sẽn na-n paam n paam n paam a sẽn na paam n paam-a wã UNESCO sẽn na n wilg a sẽn na maan bũmb ning sẽn pa tar yõod ne ninsaalbã. [1] B wilgame tɩ b ra na n dɩtẽ yʋʋmd 2020 yʋʋm-nif kiuug rasem 16 wã, UNESCO sẽn wilg tɩ b ra rɩtẽ wã yaa "kẽng sẽn be zĩig ning b sẽn boond tɩ "kẽnga sẽn be zĩig fãa" wã, tɩ b na n zĩnd n dɩtẽ, tɩ b rɩtẽ la b rɩtẽ". [1]

Sẽn sɩng ne sigt kiuug rasem a 1, 2021, yaa yel-wẽn-maand n bas rɩɩb bĩng ne bĩng, bĩng-bĩng, a sẽn da zãad ne a taab, a sẽn zãad ne bũmb ning a sẽn zãag ne a to wã, a sẽn yũud ne a to, a sẽn pakd rɩɩb bẽng, a yũud ne bĩnd, a sẽn dɩkd plastik koom bottl, a rɩtg sẽn kell n kõ wã, la a sã n bas bũmb a to wã. B na n kõo ned ning sẽn maand-a tʋʋm-wẽns naoor a ye wã keoogr gʋls pʋgẽ. Sẽn maand-b yel-wẽn naoor a yiib-n-soabã na n paama ligd sẽn ta doolaar 300 la b na n paama bʋ-kaoodb sẽn na n sɩbg-b to-to wã. [1]

### Tẽnga sẽn be tẽn-tẽngã (New York City)
Yʋʋmd 2022 bõn-bɩʋʋng kiuug rasem 21 wã, b tʋla ne b sẽn boond tɩ Singapore wã sẽn na yɩl n paam n paam n bãng b sẽn tõe n maan bũmb ninsã. A Anthony Bourdain sẽn wa n be Singapor n wa n na n maan b tʋʋmdã, n sɩng n gom-a yʋʋmd 2013 wã. A Seetoh rɩka naam a Bourdain kũumã poore, yʋʋmd 2018 pʋgẽ. [1] A yaa tẽng sẽn boond tɩ Urban Hawker, a koosda ne Singapore wã rɩɩb sẽn yaa toor-toorã, la a sẽn tar-b wʋsg yaa Singapore. [19] [20] [21]

## Ges-y me

* Cha chaan teng Hong Kong diner
* Dhaba Indian roadside diner
* Diner American roadside dining
* Hawker (trade)
* Kopi tiam, Malayan coffee shop
* Pasar malam, Malayan night market
* Food court western style
* Greasy spoon in the US and Britain
* Mamak stall Malayan road stall
* Truck stop in North America
* Night market

## Sõndb sẽn be

## Sõng-n-taase