Benin ivory mask

**Benin ivory mask** yaa nin-puugr sẽn maan ne nin-buiid a Idia, sẽn yaa pipi Iyoba (Rĩm-poak a Maam) sẽn zĩnd Benẽ soolmẽ wã yʋʋm kob-gĩnd piig la a yoob soabã pʋgẽ, n dɩk Afirik nin-puugr sẽn yaa kʋdemdã.

B sẽn wa n na n yi n na n tɩ kẽ Bẽnẽ wã, b rɩka b gãongã. B sẽn wa n na n kẽ Bẽnẽ wã, b rɩka b gãongã.

Mask rãmb a yiib sẽn wõnd taaba, b bĩng-b-la British Museum sẽn be Lɔndr la Metropolitan Museum of Art sẽn be Niuyork. B yiibã fãa pʋgẽ, b wilgda pag ning sẽn yaa rĩm-poakã sẽn da zãad zug peendã, a sẽn da zãad peendã ne a nugã, la a sẽn da zãad peendã ne a nengã, la a sẽn da zãad peendã ne a nengã, la a sẽn da zãad peendã ne a nengã, la a sẽn da zãad peendã ne a nengã, la a sẽn da zãad peendã ne a nengã.
Sẽn nan yɩll tɩ b lebs-a Nizɛɛr yʋʋmd 2022 wã, a Linden Museum sẽn be Alemaynã ra tara mas-kãng a bĩngrã pʋgẽ. Sẽn paase, b leb n tara mask sẽn wõnd woto Seattle Art Museum wã pʋgẽ, la a yembr sẽn be neb a taab nengẽ.
Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, British Museum makrã lebga Nizɛɛr rũndã-rũndã ninsabls tẽnsa bõn-vɩɩga, sẽn sɩng ne FESTAC 77, sẽn yaa Afirik ninsabls tẽnsa bõn-vɩɩg tigr sẽn zĩnd Lagos, Nizɛɛr yʋʋmd 1977, sẽn yãk tɩ b maan ninsabls tẽnsa bõn-vɩɩg sẽn yaa a Erhabor Emokpae sẽn maan ne maskã.

## Sɩngri

### Benẽ soolem

File:Met Queen Mother Mask (cropped).jpg|Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|British Museum, London
File:Miniaturmaske, Edo.jpg|National Commission for Museums and Monuments, Nigeria (formerly Linden Museum, Stuttgart)


Yʋʋm kob-gĩnd piig la a yoob soabã sɩngrẽ, a Esigie sẽn da tar pãng wʋsgã rɩka naam Bɛnin soolmẽ wã, n lebg Edo nin-buiidã Oba. A wa n dɩka naam tɩ Portigall tẽn-kẽesdbã sɩng n na n tɩ yãnd ne empɛɛrã. Rom soolmã ra koosda zũud ne na-rɩt-n-bõonesã, na-rɩt-n-bõonesã, tẽn-kãng teedã la yembsã n dɩkd zũudã la corallã. A Esigie kẽe zab-bɛd a yiib pʋsẽ. Pipi, a ba-biigã zabame n na n soog a Esigie sẽn yaa bi-kãsengã. Yiib-n-soaba, a Esigie tõogame n zab ne Igala soolmã sẽn da be rɩtgã, n yõk b naabã. A Esigie kõo a ma a Idia, sẽn da yaa a politikã la a yel-maandgã sagend-kãseng a makrã sasa, tʋʋl-kãseng sẽn boond tɩ Iyoba (Rĩm-poak ma)  ⁇  a pipi soab sẽn yaa pag-poak ma sagend-n-taasã. Yaa Oba Akenzua a yiib-n-soabã n wilg t'a yaa a Idii.

## B sẽn maand maandã
A Oba sẽn yaa Benẽ naabã ra tʋmda ne a nin-buiidã sẽn boond tɩ Igbesanmwan, sẽn yaa nin-tũusds sẽn maand na-yãgbo la raadã. B tʋʋmda ra yaa sẽn na n yɩll n kõ b naaba, sẽn kẽed ne rũngã kõbdo la ninsabls tẽnsa sẽn da be ninsabls tẽnsa pʋgẽ wã. Sẽn ta bãmb a yiib n be ne Portiigaal-rãmba (la b sẽn da be Portiigaal-rãmba wakatẽ wã, b ra pa le be ye) la woto, b tõe n maana bãmb wakatẽ wã, a Esigie sẽn da wa n dɩt naam yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 16 soabã sɩngrẽ wã (sẽn tõe n yɩ yʋʋmd 1520 sẽnese), wall a Idia vɩɩmã wakate, bɩ a kũumã poor bilfu. Masã-rãmbã sẽn wõnd taabã wilgdame tɩ yaa wa yaa ned a yembr n naan-b wakat a yembre.  B bilã zemsa ne sẽn tõe n mak-b ne sẽn tõe n mak-b ne sẽn maan-b nag-kẽeng la kʋɩl-koom b sẽn maan wakat kãng pʋgẽ,  sẽn yaa wakat ning sẽn sɩng ne Benẽ wã, sẽn yaa wakat ning b sẽn lagem taab ne Ife wã bɩ Yoruba wã. B sẽn da yiisd bõn-yood sẽn yit Benin wã ra yaa sẽn na yɩl tɩ Oba wã rɩk-b n maan yel-maandɩ. B tõe n da rɩkda bũudã n maand bũmb toor-toor wala Ugie Iyoba, sẽn yaa Oba ma wã tẽegr, la Emobo yɩlgr ceremony sẽn na yɩl n dig zĩn-dãmbã tẽngã pʋgẽ. B rɩkda a Emobo mask-rãmb sẽn wõnd woto n maand zamaan-kãngã Emobo maandã sẽn tik sɩɩs wẽns zutã, baa ne Emobo minimã sẽn tõe n toeem hal pĩnd wẽndẽ wã.
Bãngdb kẽer pa wʋm taab sẽn na n yɩlẽ n bãng b sẽn da rɩkd b nengã to-to wã ye. La b pa wʋmd b sẽn da rɩkd b nengã to-to wã ye. British Museum lɛtrã bãngd a William Fagg yeelame tɩ sẽn yaa lebend ne zũudã zũud-bilã sẽn da be zũudẽ wã, rĩm-dãmb nins sẽn be rũndã-rũndã wã sẽn da tarã, yaa wa b ra rɩkda rũngã zũudã n gãndg b yãoogã. A Fagg tags-kãngã zemsa ne a sẽn maan a mask sẽn wõnd woto yʋʋmd 1830 wã, a naab a ye sẽn da zãad a maskã. Sẽn tũ ne b sẽn gãneg b nao wã, Metropoliitẽ wã yel-gɛt a Alisa LaGamma me sak n deegame.  Benẽ bãngd la ninsaalb bãngd a Paula Ben-Amos gʋlsa tɩ b ra rɩkda bũudã n ningd b sɛɛgẽ, Ugie Iyoba la Emobo wã wakatẽ. [ ^ sull 12 Tõe tɩ b ra ningda nin-gɛtg nins sẽn da be b nugẽ wã tɩ b ningd bõn-bãn n ningd-ba.  Sẽn be zũndgã zug la b sẽn boond tɩ crotal bellsã.

## Bilgr la võor wʋmb
B sẽn maan-b ne we-rũngã, yaa wogdo, la b yaa wa yãoogo, la b wẽe-b-la sõma, n kolg wa b sẽn pa tõe n yã ye. B sẽn boond tɩ British Museum la Metropolitan wã me tara bõn-yood b sẽn maan ne b zoobdã la b zugã. Yĩn-vɩʋʋg fãa sẽn getẽ wã, b ningda kut b sẽn ning a nin-biisẽ wã la a nin-yẽesẽ wã, tɩ nin-yẽesã sẽn beẽ wã lebgd bilfu. B sẽn da rɩkd n ningd bõn-yoodã to-to wã ra yaa toor ne Erop nebã sẽn da rɩkd n ningd bõn-yoodã to-to wã. Sẽn yɩɩd ninã, yaa nin-bãan-bãan-bãan a naasã la b sẽn boond tɩ Bɛnin pagbã.  Yɩl-y n ges tɩ nin-yend ne a to fãa yaa toore, la tɩ yaa sõma. B no-goamã welgame, b zũudã yalgame bilf-bilfu, la b zoobdã yaa kãn-kãe, tɩ b zoobd-n-mikã yaa bilf-bilfu, la b zoobdã yaa tɩrga. B sẽn da ningd nin-vɩʋʋg n wilgd tɩ b yaa nin-tɩrsã ra wilgda b sẽn da minim n maand bũmb ning Oba wã nin-vɩʋʋgdbã sẽn da maandã, la b sẽn da minim n maand bũmb ning Bénin pĩnd wẽndẽ wã.

### Pag sẽn tar pãng wʋsgo
Pagbã sẽn be be wã yaa bũmb sẽn pa wae n be Bẽninã, baa ne a Idia sẽn yaa "pag a ye sẽn kẽ zabrã" sẽn yaa bũmb sẽn yaa toor ne a taabã, la b sẽn boond-a tɩ Iyoba bɩ rĩm-poak ma wã yaa a yĩnga. A sẽn da ningd a zugã yaa a ukpe-okhue ("parrot's beak") fuugã a sẽn da tarã, la b yãt-a-la vẽeneg rĩm-poak a Idii bronze zugẽ wã. 30] Korallã sẽn tar yõod wʋsg sẽn be zuloeesã zug la b sẽn gãneg-a wã yaa wa zuloees sẽn yaa zulumsi, tɩ b boond tɩ ileke ("royal") sẽn yaa zu-zẽkr b sẽn kõ rĩm-poak a Maamã t'a yeelge, sẽn nong n yaa Oba wã la Edogunã (rɩt-n-soabã). Linden Museum masĩn me tara ikiele sẽn yaa korallã sẽn kẽed a taoorã. B sẽn da yãkd bũudã ne fu-miuugã n maand taoor dãmbã, rũndã-rũndã, b tũuda ne-b n maand Edo nebã futã.
B ra gʋlsa b neng fãa zugu, ne gãndg a naase, la b ra gʋlsa ne kut b sẽn maan ne kutã, n wilg b sẽn maan bũmb ningã. B leb n tũnugda ne kutã n maand nin-biis la nin-tũusdsã.

## Tʋʋmd bãnd
Zĩ-kãnga la rũnna wã, na-kẽengã makda arzɛkã, pãn-tõogã la yɩlemdã. Na-kẽengã sẽn da zoe n yaa arzɛk sẽn tar yõod wʋsg Afirik soolmẽ wã, a lebga bũmb b sẽn nong n yɩɩd ne Erop na-kẽengã. B sẽn kʋ kʋɩlem Benẽ wã, a Oba paama kʋɩlem a yembr n kõ-a, la b kõ-a a to wã n na n koos-a. Woto, Oba wã ra tara tãnsob-n-soods wʋsgo, la b ra soonda na-kẽengã. Rɩt-n-soodã bee ne ko-kãsengã Edo orisha, a Olokun. A sẽn kõt arzɛk la rogem, a yaa wa a Benẽ Oba wã sẽn be zĩn-dãmbã dũniyã pʋgẽ wã. B sẽn kõ rũngã ligdã yaa wa a Olokun sẽn kõ rũngã ligdã, bala a kɩtame tɩ Portiigaall koosdbã lebg n wa ne ligdã n kõ Bẽnẽ. Portiigaliz rãmba ra yaa Olokun rãmba, b sẽn da yi mogrã n wa wã yĩnga. Zĩigã sẽn yaa kʋɩl-bɛdã leb n wilgdame tɩ b makda krak-pɛɛlgã sẽn yaa kʋɩl-bɛdã, b sẽn boond tɩ Olokunã.

A tiara wã la a gãndgã sẽn be zĩig ningã makda Portiwgal neba zut sẽn yaa bõonese, Metã la British Museum wã makr tiara wã pʋgẽ, ne neb piig la a ye sẽn be British Museum maskã pʋgẽ, la Metã maskã pʋgẽ, neb a yopoe sẽn yaa Portiwgal neba sẽn tekd taab ne zĩm sẽn tar bãong n makd a yoobã, sẽn yaa Afirik nin-buiidã sẽn be Afirik nin-buiidẽ wã. Portigã rãmba, sẽn da wa n ta tẽn-kãnga ka kaoosã ra yaa naam la arzɛk mak-n-taag ne na-rɩtba. B sẽn da maand b nin-vɩɩsã yaa b sẽn da tar zoob-wogdo, b sẽn da tar zũnzũri (sẽn nong n yaa wa b sẽn da tar zũnzũri), la b sẽn da tar b gãndgo. A Barbara Blackmun sẽn yaa Bẽnẽ wã bãngd sẽn kẽed ne tʋʋm-noy nins sẽn kẽed ne kʋdemdã wɛɛngẽ wã wilgame tɩ yaa sẽn na n wilg t'a Idia tõog n zãa Portiigaal tẽnga ne a biiga sõngr yĩnga. Bõn-naands nins sẽn da be Bẽnẽ rĩmã sɛbã pʋgẽ wã ra yaa bũmb sẽn da wae, la b ra wilgdame tɩ Oba wã ra yaa wẽnde. Edõ nebã ra tẽedame tɩ malɛgsã rʋʋgda mogrã n kẽngd kũum poore, tɩ b nanambsã vɩ wa wẽnnaam dãmba. B sẽn yaa bõn-vɩɩs sẽn tõe n vɩɩmd tẽn-gãongã la mogrã pʋgẽ wã yĩnga, b ra makda yiib-n-soabã sẽn yaa tɩlae ne taoor soab n na n maan a yaoolem so-toakã, la yiib-n-soabã makda Portiigaal-rãmbã sẽn yaa koom-kogendbã me. B sẽn boond tɩ mudfishã me bee Linden Museum masĩnã zug tɩ b tõe n yã-a, tɩ masĩn ning sẽn be b sãandã pʋgẽ wã me tar liuuli, sẽn da be Seattle Art Museum masĩnã zug me. B sẽn ningd mas-rãmbã me yaa toor ne b sẽn maand to-to wã. Metã makrã zug me, yaa Portiigaal neb piig la a ye n be a zugẽ wã, tɩ British Museum maskã zug me, yaa guilloché sẽn yaa bũmb sẽn pa tõe n bãng ye.

## B sẽn yitẽ
Yʋʋmd 1897 wã, b sẽn wa n na n sɩbg neb nins sẽn da be Bɛninã, Britani nebã wʋka bõn-yood sẽn wõnd taab sẽn da be a Oba roogã gãagẽ. A Ralph Moor sẽn da yaa b nin-buiidã taoor soabã rɩka mas-rãmb a yiibã sẽn yaa sõma n yɩɩdã, tɩ rẽ poore, Ãngeletɛɛr antropolog a Charles Gabriel Seligman wa n tigim-ba, n tall-b n kẽng Londr Musée de l'Humanité wã (sẽn yaa British Museum masã) la New York Musée des arts primitifsã (sẽn yaa Metropolitan Museum of Art masã). B rɩka mas-rãmb a yiib n paase, tɩ b be Seattle Art Museum (sẽn da yaa logtoɛɛmbã taoor soab a Robert Allman) la Linden Museum sẽn be Stuttgart (sẽn da yaa W. D A Webster la a Augustus Pitt Rivers),  la a Henry Galway yagensã sẽn da tigimd b mensã tara a yembr me. 9]
B yãe mas-rãmb a nu bɩ a yoob sẽn yaa wa woto b gãag-kãseng pʋgẽ yʋʋmd 1897 a Oba Ovonramwen, sẽn da yaa Benin naaba gãag-roogẽ. B rɩka-b-la wakat ning Burkĩna nin-buiida sẽn da be sũ-sãoong wʋsg pʋgẽ Bẽnini wã so-toak ning b sẽn maan yʋʋmd 1897 wã sasa, b yõoga Oba wã la Bẽnini wã ma-bi-poakã na-yirã bugum, la b wʋka na-kɩɩms tusr sẽn da be b yaab-rãmbã tẽn-kugrã, b rotã la b teedã b sẽn da bĩng zĩisẽ wã. B koos-b-la wʋsg Ãngeletɛɛr tẽngã, n kõ tẽns nins sẽn be yaangã tẽn-kugrã la b tigsdbã sẽn na yɩl n yao so-toakã ligdi. British Museumã sẽn da tar bũudã, b ra n daa-a-la yʋʋmd 1910 ne Britanik antropolog a Prof Charles Gabriel Seligman.
A sẽn da maan-a wã yaa a Nelson Rockefeller kũuni, a sẽn da paam-a 1972 wã. A sẽn wa n mik tɩ Metropoliitãn Muze wã pa wilg t'a nonga Precolumbianã lɛtrã, a lugla Museum of Primitive Art yʋʋmd 1954. Zĩ-kãnga ra tigma tʋʋm-noy sẽn na n sõng-b tɩ b bãng b minimã, la b pa bãng b sẽn yaa ninsabls tẽnsa rãmb ye. A Robert Goldwater sẽn da yaa Queens College bãngd sẽn kẽed ne tʋʋm-noyã wɛɛngẽ wã lebga a taoor soaba, la a kõ sagls sẽn kẽed ne tʋʋm-noy nins b sẽn da segd n paamã. A sẽn da wa n na n bao n na n wa paam a sẽn da tẽed tɩ yẽ n da segd n maan bũmb nins fãa sẽn na yɩl n paam a sẽn da tẽedã, yɩɩ yʋʋmd 1957 wã tɛka. A yeelame tɩ yaa "bõn-kãng buud sẽn yaa sõma n yɩɩdã la b sẽn mi, la tɩ b pa na n tol n yã a to ye". A Goldwater gʋlsame tɩ maskã ra yaa sõma n yɩɩd a sẽn wõnd a to wã, sẽn tar yʋʋre, la sẽn be British Museumã nengẽ wã. A ra reng n yeelame tɩ maskã na n kɩtame tɩ b maneg n ges b sɛbã sẽn yaa to-to wã, la b wilg-a wakat fãa, tɩ zems ne Musée d'Art Moderne wã sẽn boond tɩ Sleeping Gypsy wã (1897) a Henri Rousseau sẽn maanã. A Rockefeller ra tara maskã ne ligd sẽn yaa toog wʋsgo, la a wilg-a-la yʋʋmd 1958 bõn-bɩʋʋng kiuugã. B sẽn da wa n koosã kɩtame tɩ b ra tẽedame tɩ musée wã segd n talla tʋʋm-noy sẽn yaa sõma wʋsgo.

B sẽn bas-a wã
A sẽn da maan-a wã yaa a Nelson Rockefeller kũuni, a sẽn da paam-a 1972 wã. A sẽn wa n mik tɩ Metropoliitãn Muze wã pa wilg t'a nonga Precolumbianã lɛtrã, a lugla Museum of Primitive Art yʋʋmd 1954. Zĩ-kãnga ra tigma tʋʋm-noy sẽn na n sõng-b tɩ b bãng b minimã, la b pa bãng b sẽn yaa ninsabls tẽnsa rãmb ye. A Robert Goldwater sẽn da yaa Queens College bãngd sẽn kẽed ne tʋʋm-noyã wɛɛngẽ wã lebga a taoor soaba, la a kõ sagls sẽn kẽed ne tʋʋm-noy nins b sẽn da segd n paamã. A sẽn da wa n na n bao n na n wa paam a sẽn da tẽed tɩ yẽ n da segd n maan bũmb nins fãa sẽn na yɩl n paam a sẽn da tẽedã, yɩɩ yʋʋmd 1957 wã tɛka.

A yeelame tɩ yaa "bõn-kãng buud sẽn yaa sõma n yɩɩdã la b sẽn mi, la tɩ b pa na n tol n yã a to ye". A Goldwater gʋlsame tɩ maskã ra yaa sõma n yɩɩd a sẽn wõnd a to wã, sẽn tar yʋʋre, la sẽn be British Museumã nengẽ wã. A ra reng n yeelame tɩ maskã na n kɩtame tɩ b maneg n ges b sɛbã sẽn yaa to-to wã, la b wilg-a wakat fãa, tɩ zems ne Musée d'Art Moderne wã sẽn boond tɩ Sleeping Gypsy wã (1897) a Henri Rousseau sẽn maanã. A Rockefeller ra tara maskã ne ligd sẽn yaa toog wʋsgo, la a wilg-a-la yʋʋmd 1958 bõn-bɩʋʋng kiuugã. B sẽn da wa n koosã kɩtame tɩ b ra tẽedame tɩ musée wã segd n talla tʋʋm-noy sẽn yaa sõma wʋsgo.

B sẽn bas-a wã
B sẽn boond-a tɩ Bénin Pendant Maskã yaa bõn-naandg sẽn be Bénin wã, la sẽn yɩɩd fãa, b sẽn boond-a tɩ British Museum wã, a bee Nizɛɛr tẽnga Naira bille wã zug yʋʋmd 1973 wã, la b yãk-a lame t'a yɩ Pan-Afrɩkist FESTAC 77 kibsã sẽn yaa kibs sẽn kẽed ne ninsabls tẽnsa, yʋʋmd 1977 wã, tɩ b nong n boond-a tɩ FESTAC Maskã. Nigéria goosneerã pa tõog n paam tɩ b rɩk masĩnã n kõ British Museum ye, la b kosa Edõ ned sẽn boond t'a Erhabor Emokpae t'a rɩk masĩnã n maan masĩn sẽn tall nao a 20 sẽn maan ne zũudã n maan kibsã (sẽn be National Arts Theatre wã hal yʋʋmd 1979). A leb n maana FESTAC bãndga, la a sẽn maan ne masĩnã sẽn yaa bũmb ning sẽn be zũudã la sãnemã la zũudã sẽn pa zem taab zug t'a yaa tã-vẽenemã, la yaa yẽ n naan kibayã sẽn yaa to-to wã. Ned a to sẽn yaa Edõ wã maan-minda, a Felix Idubor, paama tʋʋmd n na n maan nin-mas a yiib sẽn na n maan ne gɩgma sẽn na n yɩ Nizɛɛr tẽngã musée wã yĩnga. B kõ a UNESCO sẽn maan ne zũud sẽn ta kilo 150 yʋʋm 2005.
Metã na-bi-poak a Maari sẽn yaa masĩn ning b sẽn gãneg n gãneg b nug-rɩtgã yaa tʋʋm nins b sẽn get n yɩɩdã sʋka. Afrɩk bãngd a Ezio Bassani gʋlsame t'a Met masĩnã ra yaa "sẽn yaa sõma la sẽn tar pãng" ne "nimbãan-nimbãan", la t'a ra tũnugda ne kut la zũud n maand bũmb sẽn yaa "sẽn yaa gũusd la sẽn tʋmd sõma". A gʋlsame tɩ Metropoliitẽ wã la Britɩn-rɩk-n-dãmbã roog maskã ra bee nin-bãaneg nins sẽn be Bẽninã pʋgẽ n yɩɩdã sʋka, la tɩ b maan-a wã ra yaa nin-sõngo, la ned sẽn tar yam. A Kate Ezra gʋlsame tɩ masĩnã sẽn yaa bilgã wilgame t'a yaa "bãng-n-meng la sẽn yaa kãsenga" sẽn kẽed ne Bɛnin sɩl-bɛdã.

## Karend-y n paase

* Bronze Head from Ife
* Bronze Head of Queen Idia
* Okukor, a bronze at Jesus College, Cambridge
* Benin Altar Tusk

## Sebtiise