Hatra

## Hatra
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Hatra (Arabic: الحضر; Syriac: ‎ܚܛܪܐ)ya tẽng kʋdgo m'be Upper Mesopotamia nin sen be rumda zamaan kanga teng b sen boond ti Nineveh Governorate m'be Iraq rɩtgo baobgo.Tẽnga be kilometr 290 (180 mi) Baghdad rɩtgo baobgo sene la n leb be kilometr 110 (68 mi) ni Mosul goabg baobgo.

Hatra ra yaa caravan city (caravan ramb tenga) sen tar pang wusgo la a ra yaa na-tenga n ko Arab Hatra riungu (anglimdi: Kingdom of Hatra) sen da be Roman ramb ni Parthian bi Persia ramb lagem-n-taar tensa suka. Hatra maana nobre yuum kobre yiib-n-lɛta wakato, la baoosgo, b saamalame n zoe n bas-a yuum kobre sen pugda. B banga tenga bõn-bãnda sãamre yuum koba piig-la awae wakata.  

**Belem-tɩɩse** 
# Yʋʋre 
# Kʋdemde
# Nanambsa sãoore
# Art of Hatra
# Modern Hatra
5.1	Restoration by Saddam Hussein

5.2	Destruction by ISIL

# Foto rãmb zĩiga
# Zĩ-kõbgo
# Ges-n-paasga
# Sebtiise
# Karem-n-paasga
# Kɛɛng tõkre

## Yʋʋre
Hatra yʋʋre n leb boond al-Hadr (الحضر) Arabic goam pʋge.Tɩ leb n bool'a bi n gʋls'a ti *ḥṭrʾ* 𐣧𐣨𐣣𐣠‎ (*Ḥaṭrā*) Hatrā Aramaic gʋlsg pʋge, tɩ a gom-wẽng ya "yãgre, tiigri bi lalga." Syriac goam pʋge, b minim n gulsda a yʋʋra yagre pʋdbo, Hatrē. Roman gulsgo pʋge, tɩ a yaa Ātra wala Greek ramba sen boonda wã la Latin goam pʋge tɩ a yʋʋr ya Hatra bɩ Hatris.

Tẽnga meng yʋʋr la Beit Elāhā tɩ a gom-wẽng ya wend zaka Hatran Aramaic goam n'a gulsgo pʋge. B wa n bool'a la "Shamash "yãgre" (ãnglindi: Enclosure of Shamash) (*ḥtrʾ d-šmš* 𐣧𐣨𐣣𐣠 𐣣𐣴𐣬𐣴‎) b lagf zugu sasa nina.

## Kʋdemde
Archaeology ramb kibaya bi wilgri ka pind n be n kõt tenga Persia ramba sasa, yẽ wala zamaana komindi kaosgo tata hal ni Seleucid sasa. Hatra maana nobre Parthia ramba soolgra sasa, dẽenem la yiib-n-lɛta AD yuum kobra wakato, yẽ Wẽnd tũudub taoor dãmbã ni leebre tenga.  

## Ges-n-paasga
* Aramaic of Hatra
* Destruction of cultural heritage by ISIL
* Taq-i Kisra, sharing architectural features with structures at Hatra

## Sebtiise
# Schmitt, Rüdiger. "HATRA". iranicaonline.org. Encyclopaedia Iranica. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
# "Hatra | ancient city, Iraq". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-12-25.
# Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 14 December 2013.
# Advisory Body Evaluation on Hatra. International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS). 1985. pages 1–2.
# E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913–1936. BRILL. 1987. p. 207a. ISBN 9789004082656.
# Salma, K. Jayyusi; Holod, Renata; Petruccioli, Attilio; André, Raymond (2008). The City in the Islamic World. Leiden: Brill. p. 174. ISBN 9789004162402.
# "Hatra UNESCO World Heritage Centre". whc.unesco.org/en. UNESCO. 1992–2015. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
# Rosenfield, John M. (1967). The Dynastic Arts of the Kushans. University of California Press. pp. 170–173.
# Freeman, Colin s (25 June 2014). "Iraq's 'Exorcist' temple falls into Isis jihadist hand". The Telegraph. London. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
# "Hatra". whc.unesco.org. UNESCO. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
# Hatra – Italian Archaeological Expedition
# "L'Edificio A". Hatra – Italian Archaeological Expedition (in Italian). 2016-11-25. Retrieved 2020-07-25.
# "I sondaggi del Temenos". Hatra – Italian Archaeological Expedition (in Italian). 2016-11-25. Retrieved 2020-07-25.
# "Progetti/ Projects". Hatra – Italian Archaeological Expedition (in Italian). 2016-12-10. Retrieved 2020-07-25.
# Gawlikowski, Michał (1991). "The first season of excavations in Hatra, Iraq" (PDF). Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean. 2.
# "Hatra". pcma.uw.edu.pl. Retrieved 2020-07-08.
# Freeman, Colin (4 January 2004). "American troops launch 'Exorcist' tour at ancient temple". The Telegraph.
# Lawrence Rothfield (1 Aug 2009). The Rape of Mesopotamia: Behind the Looting of the Iraq Museum. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226729435.
# "Ancient Hatra Ruins". Defense Video & Imagery Distribution System. 9 September 2006.
# Cockburn, Patrick (27 February 2015). "Iraq: Isis militants pledged to destroy remaining archaeological treasures in Nimrud". The Independent. Archived from the original on 2022-05-09. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
# "ISIL video shows destruction of 7th century artifacts". aljazeera.com. 26 February 2015. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
# Karim Abou Merhi (5 March 2015). "IS 'bulldozed' ancient Assyrian city of Nimrud, Iraq says". AFP. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
# Yacoub, Sameer N. (7 March 2015). "IS destroying another ancient archaeological site in Iraq". Army Times. United States. Associated Press. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
# "Islamic state 'demolish' ancient Hatra site in Iraq". BBC. 29 September 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
# Vivian Salama (4 Apr 2015). "Video: Islamic State group shot, hammered away Iraq's Hatra". Associated Press.
# Yacoub, Sameer N.; Salam, Vivian (7 March 2015). "IS destroying another ancient site in Iraq". The Telegraph. Macon, Georgia. Archived from the original on 10 March 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
# "Iraqi forces retake damaged Hatra heritage site from IS". Deutsche Welle. 26 April 2017. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
# Hussain, Rikar (27 April 2017). "Iraqi Militias Find Relics Destroyed by IS in Ancient Town". Voice of America. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
# "Hatra: IS damage to ancient Iraqi city less than feared". BBC News. 1 May 2017. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

## Karem-n-paasga
* al-Salihi, W. (2021). "Hatra: Three Notes, Historical, Iconographical, and Religious". Iraq. 83: 3–12. doi:10.1017/irq.2021.12. S2CID 239871840.

## Kɛɛng tõkre
* Between Rome and Parthia: The Desert City of Hatra
* https://web.archive.org/web/20060727095428/http://lexicorient.com/e.o/hathra.htm Archived 2006-07-27 at the Wayback Machine
* http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9039509
* https://web.archive.org/web/20110716171313/http://shezaf.net/english/Video/Video/Hatra.html Archived 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine
* http://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/chronicle/8612.shtml BBC Chronicle "Lost Kings of the Desert"
* https://hatrasite.com/ Italian Archaeological Expedition at Hatra
* Iraqi forces seize ancient UNESCO site of Hatra from Islamic State as jihadis execute Mosul civilians