Porphyrophora hamelii

**Armenian cochineal** (Porphyrophora hamelii), b sẽn boond me tɩ Ararat cochineal, yaa bõn-vuud sẽn be Ararat weoogẽ wã la Aras kʋɩlgã babgẽ, Arzãn tãensẽ wã la Turke. B ra tũnugda ne-a pĩnd n na n maan vordan karmir (Arménie: որդան կարմիր, sẽn dat n yeel tɩ "vɩm-pĩim") sẽn yaa rã-vẽenem sẽn yaa rã-vẽenem tɩ b ra boond-a Armenẽ wã tɩ kirmiz. Bõn-vɩɩmã bee yell sẽn tar pãng wʋsg Armenistã pʋgẽ.

B sẽn boond-a tɩ Porphyrophora hamelii wã yaa bõn-yɩgdg sẽn be tẽn-zẽmsẽ wã. B sẽn boond-b tɩ ko-moosã, b fãa yaa mogd sẽn yaa miuugu.

## Kʋdemdã la a minimdã
Porphyrophora hamelii yaa tẽn-kʋdemd sẽn be Erop la Moyen-Orientẽ wã, sẽn naag ne rũmsã sẽn yaa kermes (sẽn yit Kermes vermilio la buud a taab sẽn be a pʋgẽ), laac (sẽn yit Kerria lacca la buud a taab sẽn be a pʋgẽ), la carmine sẽn yit Porphyrophora buud a taab wala Polish cochineal (Porphyrophora polonica), la plantã sẽn yaa madder (sẽn yit Rubia tinctorum la buud a taab sẽn be a pʋgẽ).[ 3][4][6][9][10][11][12][13] A tõeeme tɩ b ra zoe n tũuda ne ko-sẽn-pẽg-a sẽn yit Armenistã hal yʋʋmd 714 sẽn deng a Zezi rogmã, wakat ning b sẽn gʋls tɩ Neo-Asiri rĩm a Sargõ II ra rɩka peen-pẽglem sẽn yit Urartu (Armenistã sẽn deng Armenistã) la Kilhu soolmẽ wã wa zab teedã. 3][4][14][15][16] Rom zamaanã logtoɛɛg la tɩɩm bãngd a Dioscorides sẽn gʋls yʋʋm kob-gĩnd a 1 soabã pʋgẽ, a wilgame tɩ kokos baphike sẽn yaa kermes tɩɩg la a "bõn-buudã" (kermes bõn-buudã) tɩ pĩnd wẽndẽ gʋlsdb kẽer ra tõe n wa tudg ne Porphyrophora hamelii, ra yita Galasi la Armeni. [ 3][4][17] Yʋʋm kob-gĩndẽ wã sɩngrẽ, Armenistã kʋdemd-mitb a Ghazar Parpetsi la a Movses Khorenatsi gʋlsa sẽn kẽed ne zũnzũy sẽn da maand ne zũnzũy sẽn yit Ararat soolmẽ wã yelle.[ 4][16]

Sẽn sɩng ne yʋʋm kob-gĩndẽ wã, b ra boond-a lame tɩ vordan karmir, sẽn yaa b sẽn boond tɩ kirmiz Pɛrsẽ wã. B ra boond-a lame me tɩ Near East. [4][5][6][16] Kirmiz pa segd n yɩ wa dyer's kermes, sẽn yit bõn-vuud a to pʋgẽ ye.[ 6] Armãn tẽn-tẽns a Artasat la a Dvin n yɩ pipi zĩig b sẽn da tʋmd ne kirmizã: yʋʋm kob-gĩnd a 8 n tãag a 10 wã, araab la pɛrs kʋdemd-mitbã pʋd n boola Artasat tɩ "kirmiz tẽngã". 4[16] Araab dãmba la Pɛrs rãmbã ra getame tɩ kirmiz yaa teed nins sẽn tar yõod n yɩɩdã a ye sẽn yi Armɛnya.[ 6] Armen dãmba meng ra tũnugda ne vordan karmɛɛr n maand b sẽn na n ning b teedã (tõnd sã n na n yeel tɩ b sẽn na n ning-b teedã) la b sẽn na n ning-b sɛb la b sẽn na n maan wẽnd-dotã sɛba. [ 4][16][18][19] Bãngdb n bãng tɩ Porphyrophora hamelii ra bee koptik rʋg-n-bõonesẽ sẽn zĩnd yʋʋm kob-gĩnd a 3 n tãag a 10 soabã pʋgẽ. B yãame me tɩ b ra tũnugda ne kasmir rʋg-n-bõoneg sẽn da be kaftã pʋgẽ n yi Sassaniid Pɛrs soolmẽ wã yʋʋm kob-gĩnd a 6 bɩ a 7 soabã pʋgẽ. B yãame me tɩ b ra tũnugda ne gãnd-n-bõoneg sẽn yi Frans yʋʋm kob-gĩnd a 15 soabã pʋgẽ. B yãame me tɩ b ra tũnugda ne Otomann rʋg-n-bõoneg sẽn yaa velvet la lampas yʋʋm kob-gĩnd a 15 n tãag a 17 soabã pʋgẽ. 6][20][21]

File:Vordan Karmir (Cochineal Red) ornament on the ceiling of S. Grigor Chapel, Noravank monastery.jpg|*ordan karmir* ceiling art at Noravank Monastery
File:Խաչքար Գեղարդ27.JPG|*[[Khachkar]]s* (cross-stones) at Geghard Monastery painted with *vordan karmir*
File:Saint Bertrand de Comminges-Gants et Chaussons.jpg|Silk liturgical gloves (left) of Cardinal Pierre de Foix (15th century), dyed crimson with *P. hamelii* carmine
File:Armenian Stamp Karmin.jpg|A 2006 Armenian postage stamp depicting *P. hamelii*

Porphyrophora hamelii yaa buud sẽn tar pag ne rao lagem-n-taar sẽn pa yembr ye. 30 [1] [2] Kẽed-n-piigã sẽn yaa kãn-kãe, b sẽn yiisd karmẽ wã tara yalẽ, la yĩn-wɩngre. A yaa miuugu, la a tara taoor nao-bɛd sẽn na yɩl n maan koodo. Pagbã tõe n yɩɩ nin-bɛd hal n ta Porphyrophora buud sẽn tõe n ta 10 ⁇ 12 mm la 7 mm la bala. 30][32]. B wilgame tɩ ko-moosg sẽn tar gram 360 baoodame tɩ b tall Porphyrophora hamelii 18 000  ⁇  23 000 la Porphyrophora polonica 100 000  ⁇  130 000 (bɩ Dactylopius coccus 20 000  ⁇  25 000). 33[34] Porphyrophora hamelii yaa bõn-yɩgdg sẽn tar pɩgs.

## Bioloji

Porphyrophora hamelii vɩɩm yaa tẽng tẽngre. 7[30][31] Ninf-nimbã sẽn nan yɩll n yi tẽngã pʋgẽ sig-noyẽ wã la b rʋgd hal tɩ b yã tɩɩs kẽer sẽn tar moog sẽn bɩt tẽng sẽn tar kooma, wala Aeluropus littoralis (Armenian: որդանխոտ (genus Aeluropus),[18][35] sẽn dat n yeel tɩ "moog moogo") la rʋk-nimbã sẽn boond tɩ Phragmites australis.[ 7][30] Nîmsã ket n dɩta yẽg-kãensã sigr kiuugã la sigr kiuugã fãa, n na n maan tɩ b lebg wa pɛrle. Sẽn sɩng ne seb-bɩʋʋng kiuug sʋka n tãag tʋʋl-nif kiuug sʋka, b yikda zĩig pʋgẽ, sẽn sɩng ne yibeoog lɛɛr a 5 n tãag lɛɛr a 10 sẽn na yɩl n kẽ ne taaba. 6][7][35][36] B sẽn ka tar noorã yĩnga, b pa rɩt ye.[ 31] Kẽer vɩɩ rasem a wãn bala, la pagbã tõe n vɩɩ n kaoos n yɩɩd woto, n kẽed tẽngã n na n ning b kʋɩl-zẽedã. 31]

## Bõn-vɩɩs la b koglgo

Zĩig ning b sẽn boond tɩ Ararat wã, bõn-vuudã ra yaa wʋsgo. A Frans so-toak sẽn zĩnd yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 19 soabã pʋgẽ yeelame tɩ pe-kɩɩmbã sã n wa yũud koom sẽn yit Araks kʋɩlgẽ wã, bõn-vuudã ra wat n yaa wa zɩɩm b sẽn da yũudẽ wã. 4] Yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 20 soabã pʋga, a sẽn da be Arɩmen soolmẽ wã ra yaa 100 km2 ne a sẽn da pʋɩt Arɩmen soolmẽ wã, n paas Turki, Irã, la Risi. La yʋʋmd 1990 wã, a sẽn da be Arɩmen soolmẽ wã ra lebga 20 km2, sẽn yɩɩd fãa Armavir soolmẽ wã. [ 7[30][37] Soviɛt zamaanã sasa, b sẽn wa n na n kɩt tɩ b kʋɩl-koomã sẽn be Armenistã soolmẽ wã lebg kʋɩl-koomã sẽn na yɩl n naan "tẽns nins sẽn tar laog la koodã" la b naan kʋɩl-koomã sẽn na yɩl n yõg zĩm-gãmbrã, "b kɩtame tɩ b gɩdg bõn-yɩgdɩ wã tɩ b pa tõe n zĩnd be ye, la b sãam b vɩɩm". 35]

Armen tẽnga neb wʋsg bee Vordan Karmir tẽnga gãaga pʋgẽ, sẽn yaa zĩig sẽn tar kʋɩl-koom sẽn ta 198.33 ha sẽn be Arazap tẽn-bilã rɩtgo, la 21.52 ha sẽn be Jrarat tẽn-bilã rɩtgo, sẽn lugl yʋʋmd 1987 Araks kʋɩlga sẽn pẽ ne Turke, n paas zĩig sẽn be Ararat tẽn-bilã rɩtgo la zĩ-kɩrems sẽn ta hekta rãmb a wãn zĩig a to. B pa yãt Porphyrophora hamelii sẽn be Ararat tãng zug zĩig a to ye. 6]

B geta Porphyrophora hamelii wa bõn-vɩɩg sẽn be yell pʋgẽ Armenie pʋgẽ, a sã n pidsd yɛl nins sẽn pʋgdã: a sã n pa ta 10 km2 n be zĩig pʋgẽ, n paas a sã n pa tar zĩig sẽn zems bɩ a sã n pa be zĩig a ye bala, n paas a sã n ket n boogdẽ (b sẽn yã, b sẽn togse, bɩ b sẽn na n tẽ) a zĩiga, a sẽn be zĩig ningã, la a zĩigã, a sẽn ta zĩig ningã, la a sẽn yaa zĩig ning a sẽn na n zĩndẽ wã; la a sã n pa ta 100 km2 la a sã n zems ne yɛl nins d sẽn zoe n togsã. 7][40]

Porphyrophora hamelii wã sẽn be Arzemen wã tara yell n yɩɩd yaa b sẽn na n kẽng taoor ne ko-yũudã, la b manegd koodã, la b sẽn na n kɩt tɩ rũmsã rʋʋg n pa tõe n soog b mens ye. Sẽn paase, tõeeme me tɩ zĩigã toeeme. 7] B sẽn boond tɩ b bɛɛb sẽn yaa nin-sablsã, yaa sẽn boond tɩ molds mites, lady beetles, harvester ants, la erratic ants.[ 1][2]

## Sebtiise