Acacus Mountains

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## Acacus Mountains (Moore: Acacus Tãn-bedre)
Acacus tãn-bɛda bɩ Tadrart Akakus (ãnglindi: Acacus Mountains) naandã tãms toalenga Ghat Saka (Ghat District) pʋge tẽn-kʋɩre bɩ bĩisr zĩiga sẽn be Lybia nen-taoor baobgo sẽne, sahara pʋsʋk n wã. B bee Lybia pʋge, Ghat tẽnga yaanga, n dõnege rɩtg baobgo rɩk-n kẽng Algeria tẽnga toaag sẽne, kilometr ramba koabga (62 mi)(Ãnglindi: 100 kilometres). Ziiga tara kʋdemd pĩisi bũmb ramb wʋsgo bi naande a zugu balem-tɩɩse.

## Sebr bugsi

### Kʋdemde Kibare

# Gom-biiga kʋdemde Kibare (Ãnglindi: Etymology)
# Pĩisi bãngre (Ãnglindi Rock Art)
# Bĩis-kaam bɩ bĩisim siribdu (Ãnglindi: Milk lipids)

## Kʋdemde Kibare

### Gom-biiga kʋdemde Kibare
Tadrart yaa "tãn-bedre" pogre seb-pidsdim Berber goam pʋge.

### [https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=8e6ed3b3a4f5ede6JmltdHM9MTY3MjM1ODQwMCZpZ3VpZD0wYzkxOTUxYy02YTMxLTZmYjgtMzE1ZS04Nzk0NmJmNjZlYzcmaW5zaWQ9NTE4Mg&ptn=3&hsh=3&fclid=0c91951c-6a31-6fb8-315e-87946bf66ec7&psq=rock+art&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnL3dpa2kvUm9ja19hcnQ&ntb=1 Rock Art] (Pĩisi bãngre)
Ziiga tara yʋ-sõngo t'a pĩis'a bãngra yĩnga la b paas'a la UNESCO Ãndũni Faado 1985 yʋʋmda pʋge (World Heritage) tɩ lakrɛ ramba sẽn yaa yel-bɛda yĩnga. Lakrɛ bũmb ramba nademr yita 12,000 BCE hal nɩ 100 CE n wʋlgri ziiga rog-n-miki n'a halhaal toeengo. 

bõn-bãna nɩ lakrɛ yel-soalma sẽn yaa we-rũmsi wa tilyã-rãmba, wobdo, yʋgma, nɩ naneoondo ramb rẽnda,  la ninsaalb nɩ wed-kõbdo rẽnd bee mɩ. Fot-rãmba bee mɩ n wʋlgr neb beoog-beoog fãa yel-maanesem, wala neb n yɩɩnde bɩ n saoode

### Bĩis-kaam bɩ bĩisim sɩribdu (Milk lipids)
Tadrart n leb n yaa sitã gãnegre n kõ kʋdgẽ bĩisim sɩribdu pʋkri sẽn yi cerami zugu. Daarenga vɛɛsgo bɩ gesgo wʋlgame tɩ bĩis-kaama yita 7,500 BP.

## Sãoongo ([https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=c85fa259e1773d6fJmltdHM9MTY3MjI3MjAwMCZpZ3VpZD0wYzkxOTUxYy02YTMxLTZmYjgtMzE1ZS04Nzk0NmJmNjZlYzcmaW5zaWQ9NTE3NQ&ptn=3&hsh=3&fclid=0c91951c-6a31-6fb8-315e-87946bf66ec7&psq=acacus+mountains%3a+vandalism&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnL3dpa2kvQWNhY3VzX01vdW50YWlucw&ntb=1 Vandalism and destruction]) sẽn yɩ hal 1969
Muammar Gaddafi naama sasa sẽn yɩ 1969 hal nɩ 2011, Department of Antiquities wã da paama naagre yoogo. Yɩɩ hal 2005 la petrol-kãre baoobo tẽng-n-ligdri pʋge bas tɩ pĩisi bãngre tʋʋma lebg yel-pakr ne-ba. Tẽng rigingu tʋʋma manto dãmba la b tar baod petrol-kãre kiigri tẽnga. Tʋʋm bãmb sãamda pĩisi bɩ kug sẽn pẽnege ba n t table nɩns sẽn zãad Tadrart Acacus pĩisa bãngre bũmb rãmba.

Kʋdemde bɩ Kʋdgo teedo zaeeb wa n ta zãntgo. Yellã yɩɩ yel-yaalga, tɩ lebg pakre hal tɩ UNESCO wa leok'a. B wʋlga ãndũni fãa t b bãng Libya archaeology tʋʋmd nɩ b rog-n-miki faado, la b yẽege Libya ramb t b rãamd maaneg tɩ wagda n zaeed b faado la malgre-rãmb sãamda.

Yʋʋmd 2012 sasa, a Gaddafi kʋʋm poore, UNESCO bao ligidi wa dollars tus-kẽemde bɩ milyõ 2.26 n naam pãng n zãms neba. Neba zãmseg tʋʋma da yaa UNESCO sẽn tũ Libya nɩ Italy rãmb gofneema. Libya tara UNESCO Ãndũni Faado zĩisa taab'a  naase n paas Tadrart Acacus n wã: Cyrene, Leptis Magna, Sabratha nɩ Ghadames. UNESCO sagla mɩ tɩ b tilg tẽng-sʋka Ghat bɩ Uweynat zakẽ wã n tar n zãmsr neb nins sẽn nan get la b kolle bɩ n gũ soolem'a....

UNESCO State of Conservation (SOC) toagsga bɩ maaneg hal yʋʋma 2011, 2012, tɩ ta 2013 wilgdã mɩ n kõ kibaya tɩ wala pĩisa zĩis piiga ka kongd bɩ b paama sãoong sẽn pa yĩudgu n yit hal yʋʋmd 2009 tʋʋl-nif kiuugu sasa. Wa n maaname tɩ arzɛka nins sẽn yaa Ãndũni Faado Zĩiga (World Heritage Site) dẽnda nɩ b arzɛka toaaga bãngre lebg yel-pakr bɩɩ n be zʋmm-tɩ-zʋmm ne-ba. Dẽ wã basa mɩ t tʋʋma arzɛka laog zãabo n t rɩk n gẽdge tẽng pʋgẽ neba sẽn pa maan zems-n-taar ne b rog-n-miki yellã võorẽ kɩ t ãndũni faado ziiga sãoong wã ket n be. Sẽn paase, zabd-n-taare tẽnga pʋge yit hal yʋʋmd 2011 taasa sãoong wʋsgo.

Yʋʋmd 2013 Sig-noy kiuugu pʋge, UNESCO bãng-kãag soaba ramba tʋga sore n t magse bɩ n saage Tadrart Acacus ziiga nug-gãaga la b sed ne b taab tʋʋm-gãnegdg sẽn na n tõog n kolle bɩ n kɩlme n leb-n zã rog-n-miki nɩ halaal yɛla sẽn ka to kada.

Yʋʋmd 2014 tʋʋl-nif kiuugu rasem piig la a naase daare, b da kõ sãamdba yiib kibare, nins sẽn bẽegr bɩ n võdgde b mẽng yʋʋya kug-kʋdga zugu nɩ yalemd nɩ kõgre la nins sẽn tar tɩɩm bɩ tɩto n yẽesd bɩ n yɩɩsd pĩisa bɩ kuga naande-ramba. Tʋʋl-nif kiuugu rasem pisi daare, 2014 pʋge, fãrende toagsda bãn-zẽnga, Jacques-Marie Bourget paam n deeg'a kibare bɩ koɛɛga Ghat tẽng pʋge kibay kɩta, Aziz Al-Hachi nẽngẽ tɩ neb nins n sãamd UNESCO Pĩisi Bãngre Tʋʋma Tadrart Acacus sẽn yaa Ãndũni Faado Ziiga nɩ zãya la sẽdge pẽes-biisi.

## Tẽn-baoosgo Kibare (Ãnglindi: Geography)
Tadrart Acacus ziiga tara ween-vɩʋʋg tekr wʋsgo. B tara bĩis tãnse sẽn gʋlsem yaa to-to, b le tara yɩgre kug-golme, kug-bɛd nɩ tãng-zug wilinga, n lebg tar kʋl-vagdo sẽn yaa zulung bɩ vũnung wʋsgo. Ziiga ween-vɩʋʋg teedo yaals la Afzejare nɩ Tin Khlega kug-golma. Ba ne tẽnga yaa tẽn-kʋɩɩre nɩ zĩ-pɛɛla, b mɩ le tara tɩ-bĩm-bĩm, wala Calotropis procera sẽn yaa tɩɩm tɩɩg. Tãn-bɛda zug mɩ tara ko-bundeg ramb nɩ bulsi wʋsgo.

## Leb-n-ges-y
* List of Stone Age Art Kugri Yʋʋm sõore bãngre sõdgr sebre
* Uan Muhuggiag

## Gʋlsgo

# UNESCO World Heritage Centre. "UNESCO Fact Sheet." Whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 2013-12-09.
# Jabel Acacus Map and Guide, (Map) (1st ed.). 1:100,000, inset 1:400,000. Tourist and cave art information. Cartography by EWP. EWP. 2006. ISBN 0-906227-93-3 Archived from the original on 2015-04-27. Retrieved 2008-04-20.
# Acacus Rock Art Photo Gallery. Ewpnet.com. Archived from the original on 2013-06-01. Retrieved 2013-12-09.
# Gifford-Gonzalez, Diane (2013). "Animal Genetics and African Archaeology: Why It Matters". *African Archaeological Review*. **30**: 1–20. doi:10.1007/s10437-013-9130-7.
# Bohannon, John (10 February 2005). "In the Valley of Life, Oil is Death to the Art of a Lost Civilization". *[https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=fc64d875090125a3JmltdHM9MTY3MjI3MjAwMCZpZ3VpZD0wYzkxOTUxYy02YTMxLTZmYjgtMzE1ZS04Nzk0NmJmNjZlYzcmaW5zaWQ9NTIzMw&ptn=3&hsh=3&fclid=0c91951c-6a31-6fb8-315e-87946bf66ec7&psq=the+guardian&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnL3dpa2kvVGhlX0d1YXJkaWFu&ntb=1 The Guardian]*.
# Little, Tom (23 December 2013), *Libyan archaeologists look to the future with new training*, Libyan Herald, retrieved 5 May 2014
# UNESCO training to combat the looting of Libyan antiquities, Libyan Herald, 25 September 2013, retrieved 5 May 2014
# State of Conservation (SOC): Rock-Art Sites of Tadrart Acacus, 2011, retrieved 4 May 2014
# UNESCO organizes training course for conservation and restoration of Libyan Artefacts, United Nations, 2013, retrieved 5 May 2014 
# Grira, Sarra (14 April 2014), *Graffiti defaces prehistoric rock art in Libya*, Observers: France 24, retrieved 5 May 2014 
# *Libye : Les salafistes wahhabites libyens détruisent un site de 12.000 ans d'âge*, Algeria, 29 April 2014 
# Bourget, Jacques-Marie (2014-04-20), *Libye, 12 000 ans effacés au white spirit*, Mondafrique, retrieved 2014-05-04 

## Taoore kaorengo

* Di Lernia, Savino e Zampetti, Daniela (eds.) (2008) *La Memoria dell'Arte. Le pitture rupestri dell'Acacus tra passato e futuro*, Florence, All'Insegna del Giglio;
* Minozzi S., Manzi G., Ricci F., di Lernia S., and Borgognini Tarli S.M. (2003) "Nonalimentary tooth use in prehistory: an Example from Early Holocene in Central Sahara (Uan Muhuggiag, Tadrart Acacus, Libya)" *American Journal of Physical Anthropology* 120: pp. 225–232; doi:10.1002/ajpa.10161
* Mattingly, D. (2000) "Twelve thousand years of human adaptation in Fezzan (Libyan Sahara)" in G. Barker, Graeme and Gilbertson, D.D. (eds) *The Archaeology of Drylands: Living at the Margin* London, Routledge, pp. 160–79;
* Cremaschi, Mauro and Di Lernia, Savino (1999) "Holocene Climatic Changes and Cultural Dynamics in the Libyan Sahara" *[https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=0e6ef80a21a37703JmltdHM9MTY3MjM1ODQwMCZpZ3VpZD0wYzkxOTUxYy02YTMxLTZmYjgtMzE1ZS04Nzk0NmJmNjZlYzcmaW5zaWQ9NTI1Ng&ptn=3&hsh=3&fclid=0c91951c-6a31-6fb8-315e-87946bf66ec7&psq=african+archaeological+review&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnL3dpa2kvQWZyaWNhbl9BcmNoYWVvbG9naWNhbF9SZXZpZXc&ntb=1 African Archaeological Review]* 16(4): pp. 211–238; doi:10.1023/A:1021609623737
* Cremaschi, Mauro; Di Lernia, Savino; and Garcea, Elena A. A. (1998) "Some Insights on the Aterian in the Libyan Sahara: Chronology, Environment, and Archaeology" *African Archaeological Review* 15(4): pp. 261–286; doi:10.1023/A:1021620531489
* Cremaschi, Mauro and Di Lernia, Savino (eds., 1998) *Wadi Teshuinat: Palaeoenvironment and Prehistory in South-western Fezzan (Libyan Sahara)* Florence, All'Insegna del Giglio;
* Wasylikowa, K. (1992) "Holocene flora of the Tadrart Acacus area, SW Libya, based on plant macrofossils from Uan Muhuggiag and Ti-n-Torha Two Caves archaeological sites" *Origini* 16: pp. 125–159;
* Mori, F., (1960) *Arte Preistorica del Sahara Libico* Rome, De Luca;
* Mori, F., (1965) *Tadrart Acacus*, Turin, Einaudi;
* Mercuri AM (2008) Plant exploitation and ethnopalynological evidence from the Wadi Teshuinat area (Tadrart Acacus, Libyan Sahara). Journal of Archaeological Science 35: 1619-1642; doi:10.1016/j.jas.2007.11.003
* Mercuri AM (2008) Human influence, plant landscape evolution and climate inferences from the archaeobotanical records of the Wadi Teshuinat area (Libyan Sahara). Journal of Arid Environments 72: 1950-1967. doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.04.008

## Kɛɛng tõkre

* UNESCO Fact Sheet
* Italian-Libyan Archaeological Mission in the Acacus and Messak
* Natural Arches of the Akakus Plateau

## Acacus Mountain
Acacus Mountains ya tãnga m'be bĩisra pugin m'be Ghat District, Libya nen-taoore,sahara wã ziig ning.A be yaang ni Ghat galʋ tẽnga pugin,Libya, la a be rɩtgo baobgo ni Algeria toaaga,n na ta kilometr kobga 100km (62mi).Zĩiga tara pĩiga n tar bũmb naande a zugu  

## Sebtiise