ꯑꯂꯦꯛꯁꯩ ꯄꯥꯔꯁꯤꯟ

**ꯑꯂꯦꯛꯁꯩ ꯅꯤꯀꯣꯂꯏꯚꯤꯁ ꯄꯥꯔꯁꯤꯟ** (ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥꯟ: Алексей Николаевич Паршин; ꯱꯹꯴꯲ ꯅꯣꯚꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯷ – ꯲꯰꯲꯲ ꯖꯨꯟ ꯱꯸ ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯆꯩꯁꯤꯡꯂꯣꯟ ꯅꯩꯅꯕ, ꯖꯤꯑꯣꯃꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯗ ꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢ ꯱ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯣꯔꯗꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯖꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯎꯠꯇꯨꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯝꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯊꯣꯏꯗꯣꯛ ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯫

## ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯟꯐꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡ
ꯄꯥꯔꯁꯤꯟꯅ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯵꯹ ꯗ ꯃꯣꯁꯀꯣ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯃꯦꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯛꯁꯇ ꯆꯪꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯶꯴ꯗ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯖꯨꯑꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯚ *ꯀꯟꯗ ꯫ * ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯇꯌꯨꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯃꯦꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁꯇ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯖꯨꯑꯦꯠ ꯃꯍꯩꯔꯣꯏ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯟꯕ ꯍꯧꯈꯤ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯗ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ ꯫ *ꯅꯧꯛ* (ꯄꯤ. ꯑꯩꯆ. ꯗꯤ.) ꯱꯹꯶꯸ ꯗ ꯏꯒꯣꯔ ꯁꯥꯐꯔꯦꯚꯤꯆ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯸꯳ ꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯣꯁꯀꯣ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ *ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯅꯧꯛ* (ꯗꯣꯀꯣꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁꯁ) ꯐꯪꯈꯤ ꯫

ꯄꯥꯔꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯱꯹꯶꯸ ꯇ ꯃꯣꯁꯀꯣꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯛꯂꯣꯚ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯃꯦꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁꯇ ꯖꯨꯅꯤꯌꯔ ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆ ꯐꯦꯂꯣ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ, ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯁꯦꯅꯤꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯡꯖꯤꯜ ꯊꯥꯔꯤꯕ ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯂꯣ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯹꯵ꯇ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯄꯥꯔ꯭ꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯑꯦꯜꯖꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯣꯁꯀꯣ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤꯗꯁꯨ ꯇꯝꯈꯤ ꯫

## ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟ-ꯍꯨꯝꯖꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ
ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯱꯹꯶꯸ ꯒꯤ ꯊꯤꯁꯤꯁꯇ, ꯄꯥꯔꯁꯤꯟꯅ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯃꯥꯟ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯣꯔꯗꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯒꯦꯜ ꯃꯣꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯂꯔ ꯃꯈꯜꯗ ꯑꯖꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯛ ꯀꯔꯕ ꯑꯃ ꯍꯥꯞꯇꯨꯅ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕ *ꯄꯥꯔꯁꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ* ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ ꯑꯦꯕꯦꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯃꯈꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯥꯏꯁꯣꯃꯣꯔꯐꯤꯖꯝ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯁꯥꯐꯔꯦꯚꯤꯆꯀꯤ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯤꯇꯤꯅꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯁꯥꯐꯔꯦꯚꯤꯆꯅ *ꯖꯤ* ꯖꯤ = 1ꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯀꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ ꯫ &nbsp;&nbsp;ꯄꯥꯔꯁꯤꯟꯅ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯀꯦꯁ ꯑꯃ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ (ꯐꯣꯔ ꯑꯦꯁ = ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯝꯇꯤ ꯁꯦꯠ): ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯕꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯃꯨꯗ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯕ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯤ ꯒꯤ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯥꯏꯠ ꯁꯕꯁꯦꯠ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯂꯩ (ꯑꯥꯏꯁꯣꯃꯣꯔꯐꯤꯖꯝꯗ) ꯒ ꯭ ≥2 ꯑꯣꯚꯔ ꯕꯤ\ ꯑꯦꯁ ꯒꯤ ꯁ ꯭ ꯃꯨꯠ ꯀꯔꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯩ ꯫ ꯖꯦꯅꯔꯦꯜ ꯀꯦꯁ (ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯆꯠꯅꯔꯝꯕ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯦꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯅꯟ-ꯑꯦꯝꯞꯇꯤ ꯁ ꯭ ′′ ꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯨꯔꯦꯟ ꯑꯔꯥꯀꯦꯂꯣꯚ ꯏꯪ 1971ꯗ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯃꯥꯟ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯫  &nbsp;ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯃꯛꯇꯗ, ꯄꯥꯔꯁꯤꯟꯅ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ (ꯐꯡꯁꯟ ꯐꯤꯜꯗꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯣꯔꯗꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯖꯦꯛꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯐꯔꯦꯚꯤꯆ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯤꯇꯤꯅꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯅ) (ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯅ ꯱꯹꯶꯳ ꯗ ꯌꯨꯔꯤ ꯃꯥꯅꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯱꯹꯶꯵ ꯗ ꯍꯥꯟꯁ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯎꯔꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ) ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯸꯳ꯗ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯗ ꯐꯦꯂꯤꯡꯁꯅ ꯊꯧꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯐꯔꯦꯚꯤꯆꯀꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯣꯔꯗꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯠꯈꯤ ꯫

ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯊꯤꯖꯟ ꯍꯨꯝꯖꯟꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯊꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ, ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯡꯀꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤꯒ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ ꯫

ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯗꯦꯕꯤꯗ ꯍꯤꯜꯕꯔꯠ ꯈꯣꯝꯖꯤꯜꯂꯕ ꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯏꯗꯤꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯗꯤꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯤ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯥꯔꯅꯣꯜꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯍꯔꯃꯟ ꯋꯦꯜ ꯈꯟꯒꯠꯂꯕ ꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯣ-ꯑꯦꯗꯤꯇꯔ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ ꯫

## ꯂꯅꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ
ꯄꯥꯔꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯴꯲ ꯒꯤ ꯅꯕꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯷ ꯗ ꯁꯚꯔꯗꯂꯣꯚꯁꯛ ꯗ ꯄꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯲꯲ ꯒꯤ ꯖꯨꯟ ꯱꯸ ꯗ ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗꯦ ꯫

ꯄꯥꯔꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯂꯣꯁꯣꯐ ꯑꯂꯦꯀꯁꯤ ꯂꯣꯁꯦꯚ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯞ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯣꯁꯀꯣꯒꯤ ꯗꯣꯝ ꯂꯣꯁꯦꯚ ꯂꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯔꯤꯗ ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯐꯤꯂꯣꯁꯣꯐꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯅꯥꯔ ꯍꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯄꯥꯔꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯊꯣꯗꯣꯛꯁ ꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯇ꯭ꯌꯥꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯙꯔꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯟ꯭ꯁꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯏꯔꯝꯃꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯀꯥꯏꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ
ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯷꯱ ꯗ ꯄꯥꯔꯁꯤꯟꯅ ꯃꯣꯁꯀꯣ ꯃꯦꯊꯦꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯣꯁꯥꯏꯇꯤ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯥꯊꯦꯇꯤꯁꯤꯌꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯹꯶ꯇ ꯍꯝꯕꯣꯜꯠ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯖ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯰꯴ꯗ ꯕꯤꯅꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯗꯣꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯱꯲ꯗ ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯑꯦꯀꯥꯗꯦꯃꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯁꯥꯏꯟ꯭ꯁꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯆꯦꯕꯤꯁꯦꯚ ꯒꯣꯜꯗ ꯃꯦꯗꯜ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ ꯫

ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯄꯦꯔꯤꯁ-ꯅꯣꯔꯗ ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯰꯱ ꯗ ꯄꯥꯔꯁꯤꯟꯕꯨ ꯑꯣꯅꯔꯦꯔꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯄꯥꯔꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯰꯶ꯇ ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯑꯦꯀꯥꯗꯦꯃꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁꯁ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯃꯤꯍꯨꯠ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯈꯟꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯱꯱ꯗ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕ ꯃꯤꯍꯨꯠ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯈꯟꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯱꯷ ꯇ ꯑꯦꯀꯥꯗꯦꯃꯤꯌꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄ꯭ꯌꯥ ꯃꯤꯍꯨꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯈꯟꯈꯤ ꯫

ꯄꯥꯔꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯷꯰ꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯪꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯃꯦꯊꯦꯃꯦꯇꯤꯁꯤꯌꯟꯁ (ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯦꯝ.) ꯗ ꯀꯧꯈꯤꯕ ꯋꯥꯉꯥꯡꯂꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯇꯥꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯦꯂꯀꯁ ꯀꯟꯖꯦꯛꯆꯔꯁ ꯗꯦ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯤꯇꯤꯎꯗ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯖꯤꯑꯣꯃꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯗꯤꯑꯣꯐꯦꯟꯇꯤꯌꯟ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯃꯤꯡꯊꯣꯟꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯱꯰ ꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯅꯦꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯀꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯇꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯔꯤꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯖꯦꯟꯇꯦꯁꯟꯁ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯍꯥꯏꯌꯔ ꯑꯦꯗꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯞꯁ ꯑꯦꯟꯗ ꯑꯔꯤꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯊꯝꯈꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯏꯝꯁꯤꯡ