ꯋꯥꯡꯄꯨꯂꯦꯟ

**ꯋꯥꯡꯄꯨꯂꯦꯟ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯂꯤꯄ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ (ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔ)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡ (ꯁꯅꯥꯃꯍꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡ) ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯤ ꯂꯥꯢ ꯇꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ (ꯃꯩꯇꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯤ ꯂꯥꯢ ꯇꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ)ꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯆ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ, ꯅꯣꯡ, ꯏꯆꯥꯎ, ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯥ-ꯇꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯥ-ꯑꯌꯦꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯌꯨꯝ ꯂꯥꯢ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯁꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯈꯥ ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯃꯥꯢꯀꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯢ ꯋꯥꯡꯄꯨꯂꯦꯜꯅ ꯉꯥꯛ ꯁꯦꯜꯂꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯃꯥꯢꯀꯩꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯀꯧꯄꯂꯨ (ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯅꯣꯡꯆꯨꯞ), ꯃꯥꯜꯆꯤꯡ (ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛ) ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯊꯥꯡꯆꯤꯡ (ꯈꯥ ꯅꯣꯡꯆꯨꯞ)ꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯎꯃꯪ ꯂꯥꯢꯌꯥꯝꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯅꯥꯜ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯀ ꯑꯆꯦꯠꯄ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯝꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯅꯥꯜ ꯈꯨꯜꯂꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯆꯅꯨꯔꯥ "ꯁꯪꯅꯨ"ꯒ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯗꯨꯅ ꯌꯨꯝ ꯄꯥꯟꯃꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯨꯒꯅꯨꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯢꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯢ ꯍꯥꯢꯅ ꯂꯧꯅꯩ ꯫

## ꯁꯩꯊꯥꯕ
ꯋꯥꯀꯣꯛꯂꯣꯟ ꯍꯤꯂꯦꯜ ꯊꯤꯂꯦꯜ ꯁꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯥꯏꯂꯣꯟ ꯄꯨꯀꯣꯛ ꯄꯨꯌꯥꯅ ꯋꯥꯡꯄꯨꯂꯦꯜꯄꯨ *"ꯈꯥꯅ ꯆꯥꯎꯄ ꯋꯥꯡꯄꯨꯂꯦꯟ"* ꯍꯥꯢꯅ ꯄꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯄꯨꯌꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯄꯨꯡꯊꯧ ꯷ꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯄꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯢꯅꯄ ꯑꯄꯥꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯢꯑꯣꯟ ꯂꯥꯡꯑꯣꯟꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯢꯅ ꯄꯜꯂꯤ ꯫
## ꯋꯥꯔꯤ

ꯅꯣꯡꯃ ꯀꯣꯔꯧ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯂꯥꯢ ꯋꯥꯡꯄꯨꯂꯦꯜꯅ ꯅꯃꯨ ꯇꯥꯢꯕꯪ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯂꯣꯟ ꯂꯧꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯅꯥꯜ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯜꯂꯦꯟꯗ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯣꯢꯔꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯑꯅꯥꯜ ꯂꯩꯁꯥꯕꯤ "ꯁꯪꯅꯨ"ꯕꯨ ꯈꯣꯢꯗꯥꯖꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯈꯣꯌꯨꯝ ꯂꯥꯢ ꯑꯣꯢꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯃꯇꯧ, ꯆꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯔꯥꯜ, ꯐꯤꯕꯝ ꯃꯤꯇꯝ ꯂꯣꯢꯅ ꯐꯖꯕꯗꯨ ꯎꯕꯗ ꯁꯪꯅꯨ ꯏꯕꯦꯝꯃꯅꯁꯨ ꯁꯛꯈꯪꯗꯕ ꯂꯝꯂꯥꯟꯕ (ꯂꯥꯢ ꯋꯥꯡꯄꯨꯂꯦꯜ)ꯕꯨ ꯄꯥꯝꯖꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯁꯛꯈꯪꯗꯕ ꯂꯝꯂꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯈꯨꯟꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯃ (ꯁꯪꯅꯨ)ꯒ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯃꯤꯟ ꯐꯪꯕꯗ ꯈꯨꯟꯖꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯥꯎꯅꯔꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯈꯨꯟꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯂꯝꯂꯥꯟꯕ (ꯂꯥꯢ ꯋꯥꯡꯄꯨꯂꯦꯜ)ꯕꯨ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡꯅꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯡꯅꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯂꯝꯖꯦꯜ (ꯂꯝꯆꯦꯜ), ꯅꯨꯡ ꯍꯨꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯇꯦꯟ ꯀꯥꯞꯄ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇ ꯂꯝꯂꯥꯟꯕ (ꯂꯥꯢ ꯋꯥꯡꯄꯨꯂꯦꯜ)ꯅ ꯃꯥꯢ ꯄꯥꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯥꯢꯊꯤꯕ ꯅꯪꯂꯝꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯁꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯩꯔꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯍꯥꯢꯕꯁꯤꯗꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯅꯔꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯥꯢ ꯄꯥꯛꯂꯕꯅꯤꯅ ꯏꯕꯦꯝꯃ ꯁꯪꯅꯨꯕꯨ ꯂꯥꯢ ꯋꯥꯡꯄꯨꯂꯦꯜꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯔꯣꯟꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯝꯂꯦꯟꯗ ꯄꯨꯈꯤ ꯫

## ꯏꯔꯥꯠ ꯊꯧꯅꯤ
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯏꯔꯥꯛꯅꯕ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯂꯥꯢ ꯋꯥꯡꯄꯨꯂꯦꯜꯕꯨ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅ ꯈꯨꯔꯨꯝꯅꯩ, ꯏꯔꯥꯠ ꯊꯧꯅꯤꯖꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯝꯗꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯏꯔꯥꯛꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯁꯤꯕ ꯅꯥꯕ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕꯤꯗꯅꯕ ꯍꯥꯢꯖꯕꯒꯤꯅꯤ ꯫  ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯆꯥꯎꯗ ꯀꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯏꯊꯛ ꯏꯄꯣꯝ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯐꯠꯇꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯊꯣꯛꯇꯅꯕ ꯂꯥꯢ ꯋꯥꯡꯄꯨꯂꯦꯜꯕꯨ ꯈꯨꯔꯨꯝꯅꯩ ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯏꯔꯨꯞꯈꯤꯕ ꯃꯤꯒꯤ ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯪꯗꯕ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ "ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯣꯡ" (Butea monosperma) ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯦꯠ ꯈꯔ ꯃꯩ ꯊꯥꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇꯧꯔꯒ ꯂꯥꯢ ꯋꯥꯡꯄꯨꯂꯦꯜꯅ ꯑꯁꯤꯕ ꯃꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯆꯥꯕꯗ ꯊꯝꯕꯤ ꯍꯥꯢꯅ ꯂꯧꯅꯩ ꯫

ꯂꯥꯢ ꯋꯥꯡꯄꯨꯂꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯩ, ꯂꯩ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯀꯕꯣꯛ ꯀꯠꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯃꯥꯢꯕꯅ ꯏꯔꯥꯠ ꯊꯧꯅꯤ ꯊꯧꯔꯝ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇꯧꯔꯒ ꯑꯅꯥ ꯑꯌꯦꯛ ꯇꯤꯟꯀꯣꯛ ꯂꯥꯢꯀꯣꯛꯄꯤ ꯍꯥꯢꯅ ꯂꯧꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯢꯅ ꯎꯟꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯥ, ꯂꯣꯛ ꯂꯥꯢꯍꯧ, ꯑꯔꯨꯝ ꯂꯥꯢꯍꯧ, ꯈꯣꯡ ꯍꯥꯝꯊꯕꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯂꯥꯢꯌꯦꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅ
# A - ꯁꯅꯥ ꯐꯨꯝꯐꯝ
# B - ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯆꯔꯩ ꯐꯤ ꯊꯝꯅꯅꯕ ꯊꯥꯔꯤꯕ ꯐꯤ 
# C - ꯆꯦꯡ ꯍꯥꯞꯄ ꯆꯐꯨ ꯊꯝꯐꯝ
# D - ꯆꯦꯡ, ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥ, ꯆꯨ, ꯂꯩ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯍꯩ ꯊꯝꯐꯝ 
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# F - ꯐꯤꯅ ꯁꯥꯕ ꯃꯤ ꯊꯝꯐꯝ
# G - ꯃꯣꯢꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯩꯔꯨꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯝꯐꯝ/ꯂꯦꯞꯐꯝ
# H - ꯃꯣꯢꯔꯥꯡ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯒꯤ ꯐꯝꯐꯝ/ꯂꯦꯞꯐꯝ
# I - ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯒꯤ ꯐꯝꯐꯝ/ꯂꯦꯞꯐꯝ
# J - ꯃꯥꯢꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯝꯐꯝ/ꯂꯦꯞꯐꯝ
# K - ꯁꯨꯒꯅꯨ ꯍꯟꯖꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯝꯐꯝ/ꯂꯦꯞꯐꯝ
# M ꯑꯃꯗꯤ N - ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯤ ꯑꯇꯩꯒꯤ ꯐꯝꯐꯝ/ꯂꯦꯞꯐꯝ
# O - ꯌꯦꯟ ꯑꯃ ꯊꯝꯐꯝ

## ꯂꯥꯢꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ

ꯁꯨꯒꯅꯨ ꯂꯝꯂꯦꯟꯗ ꯉꯁꯤꯐꯥꯎ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯢ ꯋꯥꯡꯄꯨꯂꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯐꯝ (ꯂꯥꯢꯁꯪ) ꯑꯃ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ ꯫ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯇꯕ ꯑꯅꯥꯜ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯢꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯢꯕꯗ ꯂꯥꯢ ꯋꯥꯡꯄꯨꯂꯦꯜꯗ ꯀꯠꯂꯨꯅꯕ ꯍꯥꯢꯗꯅ ꯄꯣꯠ ꯆꯩ ꯄꯤꯔꯛꯀꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯥꯢꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠ ꯆꯩꯁꯤꯡꯗꯨ ꯁꯨꯒꯅꯨꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯄꯨꯂꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯁꯪꯗ ꯂꯥꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯀꯠꯂꯤ ꯫

ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯅ ꯀꯪꯂꯥ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯂꯥꯢ ꯋꯥꯡꯄꯨꯂꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯂꯥꯢ ꯃꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠ ꯁꯥꯒꯠꯅꯅꯕ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯂꯤ ꯫

ꯏꯪ. ꯀꯨꯝ ꯲꯰꯱꯰ꯗ ꯋꯥꯡꯒꯣꯢꯗ ꯂꯥꯢ ꯋꯥꯡꯄꯨꯂꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯁꯪ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯂꯥꯈ ꯸ ($ 10,000 USD) ꯆꯪꯅ ꯁꯥꯗꯨꯅ ꯁꯪꯀꯥꯈꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯀꯧꯄꯂꯨ - ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯅꯣꯡꯆꯨꯞ ꯉꯥꯛꯄ ꯂꯥꯢ
* ꯃꯥꯔꯖꯤꯡ - ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛ ꯉꯥꯛꯄ ꯂꯥꯢ
* ꯊꯥꯡꯆꯤꯡ - ꯈꯥ ꯅꯣꯡꯆꯨꯞ ꯉꯥꯛꯄ ꯂꯥꯢ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

## ꯑꯍꯦꯟꯕ ꯂꯪꯗꯥꯢꯁꯤꯡ

* Wangbren_archive.org
* Wangbren_e-pao.net
ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯈꯣꯌꯨꯝ