open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
ꯃꯍꯥꯚꯥꯔꯠ

**"ꯃꯍꯥꯚꯥꯔꯠ" (महाभारतम्, Mahabharata)** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯢꯕ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯥꯡꯕ ꯲ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯢꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯡꯕ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡ ꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯢꯅ ꯂꯧꯅꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯚꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯏꯄꯤꯛ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯍꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯅꯥꯄꯨꯔ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯆꯤꯟ-ꯃꯅꯥꯑꯣ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯅꯤ, ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯧꯔꯕꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯂꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯞ ꯃꯉꯥꯅꯤ: ꯌꯨꯙꯤꯁ꯭ꯊꯤꯔ, ꯚꯤꯝ, ꯑꯔꯖꯨꯟ, ꯅꯀꯨꯂꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯍꯥꯗꯦꯕ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ, ꯄꯨꯀꯆꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯂꯥꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯩꯊꯣꯏ-ꯁꯤꯡꯊꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯈꯉꯅꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯀꯧꯔꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯤꯟ-ꯃꯅꯥꯑꯣ ꯱꯰꯰ꯅꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯚꯨꯃꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯗꯨꯔꯌꯣꯙꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯆꯤꯡꯈꯤ꯫ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯅꯥꯄꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯡꯍꯥꯁꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯧꯔꯕꯅꯥ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯃꯈꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯕꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯥꯃꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯊꯥꯗꯕꯥ, ꯊꯋꯥꯌ ꯊꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯒꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯔꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯁ ꯒꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯙꯤꯁ꯭ꯊꯤꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯱꯳ ꯁꯨꯔꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯈꯤ, ꯎꯃꯪꯗꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡꯕꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯊꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯖꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯥ ꯎꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ, ꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯣꯔꯦꯂꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ, ꯂꯤꯖꯦꯟꯁ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯨꯔꯨꯛꯁꯦꯠꯔ ꯋꯥꯔꯅꯤ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯅꯥꯀꯜ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯱꯸ꯅꯤ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯍꯤꯔꯣ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯁꯤꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯚ, ꯑꯁꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ꯫ ꯂꯥꯅꯐꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯔꯖꯨꯅꯒꯤ ꯔꯊ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯚꯒꯕꯥꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯁ꯭ꯅꯅꯥ ꯚꯒꯕꯠ ꯒꯤꯇꯥꯗꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ, ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯊꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯚꯥꯔꯠꯇꯥ ꯄꯨꯀꯆꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ, ꯊꯧꯅꯥ, ꯃꯔꯨꯞ-ꯃꯄꯥꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯤ, ꯏꯃꯨꯡ-ꯃꯅꯨꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯙꯔꯝꯃ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯤꯔꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯆꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯟ ꯇꯥꯀꯍꯅꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨꯁꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯂꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ, ꯏꯄꯤꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ, ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ, ꯑꯍꯂꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯏꯀꯥꯌ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯅꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯈꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯄꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯣꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯈꯉꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯂꯧꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯚꯥꯔꯠ ꯄꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯨꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯛꯂꯤ꯫ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯀꯌꯥ, ꯑꯣꯖꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯃꯖꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯚꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯈꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ; ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯧꯅꯥꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯡꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯤꯔꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯁꯨ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ, ꯄꯨꯀꯆꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯧꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯕꯨ ꯃꯥꯌ ꯄꯥꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ, ꯍꯤꯡꯁꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯟꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯖ꯭ꯅꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯁꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯉꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯚꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯂꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯂꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯤꯔꯣꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯏꯊꯤꯜ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯃꯍꯥꯚꯥꯔꯠ ꯀꯤ ꯁꯛꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯃꯍꯥꯚꯥꯔꯠ
ꯃꯟꯗꯣꯗꯔꯤ

**ꯃꯟꯗꯣꯗꯔꯤ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯔꯥꯃꯥꯌꯟꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯔꯥꯕꯟꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯂꯣꯢ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ 

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯃꯠꯁ꯭ꯌ

**ꯃꯠꯁ꯭ꯌ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯚꯤꯁ꯭ꯅꯨꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯝꯂꯩ ꯉꯥ ꯑꯣꯢꯕ ꯁꯥꯢꯑꯣꯟꯅꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯠꯁꯌ ꯑꯋꯇꯥꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯚꯒꯕꯥꯟ ꯕꯤꯁ꯭ꯅꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯋꯇꯥꯔꯅꯤ꯫ ꯕꯤꯁ꯭ꯅꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯅꯪꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯟꯅꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯉꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯠꯁꯌ ꯑꯋꯇꯥꯔꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯔꯥꯅꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯅꯨꯅꯥ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯠ ꯍꯥꯃꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯉꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯃꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯅꯨꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯖꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯅꯨꯅꯥ ꯉꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯃꯈꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯉꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤ꯫ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯅꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯥꯈꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯃꯨꯗ꯭ꯔꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯥꯈꯤ꯫ ꯉꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯉꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯃꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯠꯁꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯚꯒꯕꯥꯟ ꯕꯤꯁ꯭ꯅꯨ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯅꯨꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯝꯃꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯆꯥꯎ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯥꯛꯀꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯟ ꯇꯥꯀꯍꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯅꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯤꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯕꯤꯖ ꯀꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯕꯣꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯋꯥ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ꯫ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯆꯥꯎ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯡꯒꯠꯂꯀꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯊꯤꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯌꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯠꯁꯌꯥ, ꯉꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯕꯣꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯉ꯭ꯒꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯃꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯣꯡꯂꯩ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯏ ꯑꯉꯥꯝ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯠꯁꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯅꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯣꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯕ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯍꯤꯡꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯈꯤ꯫ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯆꯥꯎꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯉꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧꯗꯥ ꯍꯜꯂꯀꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯟ ꯇꯥꯀꯍꯅꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯠꯁꯌ ꯑꯋꯇꯥꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ, ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯕꯨ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯀꯆꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯚꯒꯕꯥꯟ ꯕꯤꯁ꯭ꯅꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯔꯨꯃꯖꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯏ-ꯑꯉꯥꯝ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯧꯖꯥꯜ ꯐꯪꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯩ꯫ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯀꯄꯨ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯎꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯠꯁ꯭ꯌ ꯑꯋꯇꯥꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯤꯁ꯭ꯅꯨꯕꯨ ꯈꯨꯔꯨꯃꯖꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯉꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯀꯆꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ, ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯧꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯉꯅꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯠꯁꯌꯥꯕꯨ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯦꯟꯊꯣꯀꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯧꯖꯥꯜ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯠꯁ꯭ꯌ ꯑꯋꯇꯥꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯤꯁ꯭ꯅꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯋꯇꯥꯔ ꯇꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯖ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯅꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯗꯁꯥꯕꯇꯥꯔ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯑꯋꯇꯥꯔ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯥꯞꯄꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯠꯁꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯕꯨ ꯉꯥꯀꯄꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯁꯨ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯤꯔꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯏ꯫ ꯉꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯃꯠꯁꯌ ꯑꯋꯇꯥꯔꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ, ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯃꯆꯥꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ, ꯀꯂꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫
thumb|ꯃꯠꯁ꯭ꯌ

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯃꯣꯍꯤꯅꯤ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯆꯤꯉꯨ ꯈꯣꯌꯨꯝ ꯂꯥꯢꯌꯥꯝꯁꯤꯡ
ꯃꯣꯀꯥꯡ ꯁꯜꯀ

**ꯃꯣꯀꯥꯡ ꯁꯜꯀ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Virginis, Spica) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯊꯋꯥꯟꯃꯤꯆꯥꯛ ꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯃꯣꯂꯦꯀꯨꯂꯔ ꯑꯣꯔꯕꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟ

**"ꯃꯣꯂꯦꯀꯨꯂꯔ ꯑꯣꯔꯕꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟ" ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯄꯊꯥꯞ (Molecular Orbital Theory)** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯇꯝꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ꯂꯤꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯗ ꯃꯣꯂꯦꯀꯨꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯅꯞꯇꯨꯅ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ ꯍꯥꯢꯕꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯃꯣꯂꯦꯀꯨꯜ

**ꯃꯣꯂꯦꯀꯨꯜ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Molecule) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯝ ꯲ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯲ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯕꯅ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯃꯣꯅꯣꯀꯣꯠ ꯃꯔꯨ

**ꯃꯣꯅꯣꯀꯣꯠ ꯃꯔꯨ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Monocotyledonous seed) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯣꯠꯇꯜꯂꯤꯗꯟ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯕꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅ ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯔꯃꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯢꯒꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯎꯔꯩꯒꯨꯝꯕꯗꯗꯤ ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯔꯃꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯢꯗꯦ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯗꯥꯢꯀꯣꯠ ꯃꯔꯨ
* ꯌꯨꯕꯤ
* ꯍꯩꯅꯧ
* ꯇꯤꯜꯍꯧ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯃꯣꯅꯣꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯝ

**ꯃꯣꯅꯣꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯝ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯃꯦꯂꯤꯌꯥ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯆꯟꯕ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯀꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯢꯅ ꯃꯔꯨꯝꯁꯨ ꯀꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯃꯆꯥꯗ ꯃꯕꯨꯛ ꯄꯤꯊꯛꯄ ꯀꯥꯡꯕꯨꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯃꯣꯅꯦꯔꯥ

**ꯃꯣꯅꯦꯔꯥ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯤꯡꯕ ꯊꯋꯥꯢ ꯑꯄꯛꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯃꯥꯢꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯞꯇꯒꯤ ꯎꯕ ꯏꯁꯆꯦꯔꯦꯆꯤꯌꯥ ꯀꯣꯂꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯝ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯃꯣꯍꯤꯅꯤ

**ꯃꯣꯍꯤꯅꯤ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯚꯤꯁ꯭ꯅꯨꯒꯤ ꯁꯨꯝꯍꯠꯌꯥꯢ ꯆꯦꯟꯕꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯝꯤ ꯁꯥꯢꯑꯣꯟꯅꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯣꯍꯤꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯚꯒꯕꯥꯟ ꯕꯤꯁ꯭ꯅꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯉꯥꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯋꯇꯥꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯅꯔꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯃꯤꯇꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯗꯥ ꯐꯖꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯖꯕꯥ, ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯐꯖꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯅꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯅꯥ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯕꯨ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯣꯍꯤꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯃꯨꯗ꯭ꯔ ꯈꯣꯡꯕꯥꯂꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯁꯃꯨꯗ꯭ꯔ ꯃꯟꯊꯥꯟ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯃꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯃꯨꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯨ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯃ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯠ ꯐꯪꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯃ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯠꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯃ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯣꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯥꯀꯜ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯃꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯅꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯣꯀꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯥꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯃ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯚꯒꯕꯥꯟ ꯕꯤꯁ꯭ꯅꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯣꯍꯤꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯂꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯣꯍꯤꯅꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯔꯀꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯐꯖꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯆꯤꯟ-ꯃꯅꯥꯑꯣ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯗꯥꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯤꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯏꯊꯤꯜ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯂꯥꯡꯇꯛꯅꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯊꯥꯖꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯑꯃ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯟꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯣꯍꯤꯅꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯅꯥ ꯑꯃ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯥꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯈꯤꯗꯦ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯊꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯣꯍꯤꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯐꯖꯕꯥ ꯈꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯈꯉꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯂꯤꯖꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯇꯦꯖꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯂꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯣꯍꯤꯅꯤꯅꯥ ꯚꯁꯃꯥꯁꯨꯔ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯑꯃꯕꯨ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯗꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯀꯊꯣꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯕꯨ ꯃꯀꯣꯀꯊꯣꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯗꯥꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯚꯒꯕꯥꯟ ꯁꯤꯕꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯈꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯕꯤꯁ꯭ꯅꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯣꯍꯤꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯂꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯅꯥꯟꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯠꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯆꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯣꯄꯤ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯚꯁꯃꯥꯁꯨꯔꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯖꯈꯤ꯫ ꯅꯥꯟꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯨꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯀꯊꯣꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯊꯃꯈꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯀꯣꯄꯤ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯟ ꯇꯥꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯣꯍꯤꯅꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯃꯁ꯭ꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯀꯣꯀꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯈꯤꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯣꯍꯤꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯊꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯚꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯔꯤꯞꯔꯖꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯁꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯨꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯚꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯃꯣꯍꯤꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯚꯥꯔꯠ ꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯨꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯂꯥ, ꯅꯥꯠ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯣꯍꯤꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯈꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫

thumb|ꯃꯣꯍꯤꯅꯤ

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯁꯃꯨꯗ꯭ꯔ ꯃꯟꯊꯟ
* ꯋꯥꯔꯥꯍꯥ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯆꯤꯉꯨ ꯈꯣꯌꯨꯝ ꯂꯥꯢꯌꯥꯝꯁꯤꯡ
ꯃꯣꯏꯂꯥꯡ

**ꯃꯣꯏꯂꯥꯡ (ꯃꯣꯢꯂꯥꯡ)** ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ **ꯃꯣꯏꯔꯥꯡ (ꯃꯣꯢꯔꯥꯡ)** (ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯂꯣꯟꯗ)  ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯁꯂꯥꯏ ꯷ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯣꯏꯂꯥꯡ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯁꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯅꯥꯛ ꯀꯌꯥꯃꯔꯨꯝ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯀꯤ (ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯅ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔ) ꯌꯦꯜꯍꯧꯃꯤ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ
ꯃꯣꯃꯣ (ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ)

**ꯃꯣꯃꯣ** (‍‍ꯇꯤꯕꯦꯇꯥꯟ: མོག་མོག་, ꯋꯥꯢꯂꯤ/Wylie: mog mog, ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Momo) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯆꯥꯄꯣꯠ ꯑꯣꯢꯅ ꯆꯥꯅꯕ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯢꯅ ꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯈꯥ ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯆꯥꯅꯩ ꯫

## ꯁꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯕ

## ꯃꯤꯔꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ

File:Momomucktoo.jpg|thumb|ꯀꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯍꯥꯞꯇꯨꯅ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕ ꯃꯣꯃꯣ ꯫File:Kothey momo.JPG|thumb|ꯇꯪꯈꯥꯢ ꯉꯧꯔꯕ ꯃꯣꯃꯣ ꯫
File:Momo101.jpg|thumb|ꯈꯥꯃꯦꯟ ꯃꯍꯤꯅ ꯂꯨꯞꯍꯜꯂꯕ ꯃꯣꯃꯣ ꯫
File:TibetanFood.JPG|thumb|ꯇꯤꯕꯦꯠꯇ ꯃꯣꯃꯣ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯍꯤꯟꯖꯥꯡ ꯃꯊꯦꯜ ꯑꯃ ꯫
File:Momos with garlic chutney.JPG|thumb|ꯏꯠꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯆꯥꯅꯕ ꯃꯣꯃꯣ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃ ꯫


## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯃꯣꯂꯨꯁꯀꯥ

**ꯃꯣꯂꯨꯁꯀꯥ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯃꯦꯂꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯲ꯁꯨꯕ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯢꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯐꯥꯢꯂꯝꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯢꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯟ ꯌꯥꯎꯢ ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯢꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯝ ꯀꯣꯛꯄ ꯀꯥꯡꯕꯨꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯃꯣꯏꯔꯥꯡ

**ꯃꯣꯏꯔꯥꯡ** ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ **ꯃꯣꯢꯔꯥꯡ** () ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯃꯥꯡꯗꯣꯡ ꯄꯅꯥ ꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯂꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯝꯐꯥꯜꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯴꯰ ꯀꯤꯂꯣꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯂꯥꯞꯅ ꯂꯩ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
ꯃꯣꯏꯔꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯛꯂꯦ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯣꯏꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯔꯣꯜꯗ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯈꯝꯕ ꯈꯝꯅꯨꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯛꯐꯝ ꯂꯝꯗꯝꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯄꯥꯛꯆꯥꯎꯕ

## ꯂꯝꯀꯣꯏꯐꯝ

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
* ꯏꯝꯐꯥꯜ
* ꯕꯤꯁ꯭ꯅꯨꯄꯨꯔ
* ꯃꯣꯢꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯔꯣꯜ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯂꯝ
ꯃꯣꯏꯔꯥꯡꯃꯌꯨꯝ

**ꯃꯣꯏꯔꯥꯡꯃꯌꯨꯝ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯣꯏꯂꯥꯡ ꯁꯂꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯌꯨꯝꯅꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯆꯥ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
ꯃꯣꯔꯣꯛ ꯃꯦꯠꯄ

**ꯃꯣꯔꯣꯛ ꯃꯦꯠꯄ‌** (ꯔꯣꯃꯥꯟ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ: Morok metpa) ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ **ꯑꯃꯦꯠꯄ** (ꯔꯣꯃꯥꯟ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ: Ametpa) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔ, ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯆꯥꯅꯕ ꯃꯊꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯊꯧꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯗꯤ ꯆꯥꯅꯗꯦ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯃꯣꯗꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ

**"ꯃꯣꯗꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ" (Modī script)** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔ ꯗ ꯉꯥꯡꯅꯕ ꯃꯔꯥꯊꯤ ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯢꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯃꯣꯝꯅꯨ

**ꯃꯣꯝꯅꯨ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯎ
# ꯈꯝꯅꯨ
# ꯇꯣꯅꯨ
ꯃꯣꯡꯒꯣꯂꯤꯌꯥ

thumb|287x287px|ꯐꯤꯔꯥꯜ
[thumb|275x275px|[ꯎꯂꯥꯅꯕꯥꯇꯔ꯫]]
[thumb|269x269px|[ꯃꯣꯉ꯭ꯒꯣꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯨ꯫]]
**ꯃꯣꯡꯒꯣꯂꯤꯌꯥ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯕ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯃꯣꯡꯒꯣꯂꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯉꯥꯡꯏ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯃꯣꯡꯒꯣꯜ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯂꯩꯆꯥꯎ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯃꯣꯡꯒꯣꯜ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯂꯩꯆꯥꯎ

**ꯃꯣꯡꯒꯣꯜ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯂꯩꯆꯥꯎ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Mongol Empire) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯱꯳ꯁꯨꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯱꯴ꯁꯨꯕ ꯆꯍꯤꯆꯥꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯂꯛꯄ, ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯃꯥꯢꯗ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯢꯗꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯂꯩꯆꯥꯎ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯃꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ

ꯃꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯜ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯆꯥ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯅꯤ꯫
## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯁꯣꯔꯣꯛꯈꯥꯢꯕꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ
ꯃꯣꯏꯂꯥꯡ ꯊꯣꯏꯄꯤ

**ꯃꯣꯢꯂꯥꯡ ꯊꯣꯢꯄꯤ (ꯃꯣꯢꯔꯥꯡ ꯊꯣꯢꯕꯤ, ꯃꯣꯏꯔꯥꯡ ꯊꯣꯏꯕꯤ, ꯏꯋꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟ ꯊꯣꯏꯕꯤ, ꯏꯋꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟ ꯊꯣꯢꯕꯤ)** 
() ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯉꯩ ꯀꯦꯀꯦ ꯃꯣꯢꯂꯥꯡ (ꯀꯦꯒꯦ ꯃꯣꯢꯔꯥꯡ) ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯏꯄꯦꯝꯃ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯎ ꯏꯄꯨꯡꯉꯣ ꯆꯤꯡꯈꯨ ꯅꯍꯥ ꯇꯦꯜꯍꯩꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯣꯝ ꯂꯥꯡꯂꯦꯟ ꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯁꯤ ꯈꯝꯕ ꯊꯣꯢꯕꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯢꯕ ꯁꯛꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯈꯨꯃꯟ ꯈꯝꯕ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯃꯣꯢꯂꯥꯡ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯂꯣꯜ
ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯃꯣꯢꯂꯥꯡ ꯁꯥꯌꯣꯟ
ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯀꯦꯀꯦ ꯃꯣꯢꯂꯥꯡ
ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯑꯂꯤꯄ ꯃꯣꯢꯂꯥꯡ
ꯃꯣꯔꯦ ꯃꯔꯨ

**ꯃꯣꯔꯦ ꯃꯔꯨ** (ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯟ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯇ: Moreh Maru) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯪ ꯀꯨꯝꯖꯥ ꯲꯰꯱꯶ꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯒꯧꯇꯝꯅ ꯂꯝꯖꯤꯡꯕ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯤ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒꯨꯔꯨꯃꯌꯨꯝ ꯕꯣꯟꯅꯤ ꯁꯔꯃ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯕꯂꯥ ꯍꯤꯖꯝ ꯑꯅꯤꯅ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯢꯕ ꯁꯛꯇꯝ ꯂꯥꯡꯏ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯃꯣꯔꯦ

**ꯃꯣꯔꯦ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ-ꯃꯌꯥꯟꯃꯥꯔ ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯕꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯇꯥꯎꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯇꯦꯡꯅꯧꯄꯜ ꯗꯤꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯆꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯀꯨꯀꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯟꯗꯥꯕ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ 

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯎ
* ꯃꯣꯔꯦ ꯃꯔꯨ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ
ꯃꯣꯢꯔꯥꯡꯊꯦꯝ

ꯃꯣꯢꯔꯥꯡꯊꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯣꯢꯔꯥꯡ ꯁꯂꯥꯢꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯆꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯆꯥ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯅꯤ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯐꯤꯕꯧꯖꯝ
ꯃꯤ

ꯃꯤ ꯍꯥꯢꯔꯒ ꯈꯪꯅꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤ:-
# ꯃꯃꯤ - ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯫
# ꯃꯤ (ꯇꯤꯜ) (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ- ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯢꯗꯔ, ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯗꯔ) 
# ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯕ (ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕ, ꯇꯥꯢꯄꯪ ꯃꯤ, ꯇꯥꯢꯕꯪ ꯃꯤ, ꯇꯥꯏꯄꯪ ꯃꯤ, ꯇꯥꯏꯕꯪ ꯃꯤ, ꯅꯃꯨ, ꯄꯣꯡ) (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ- ꯍ꯭ꯌꯨꯃꯦꯟ, ꯃꯦꯟ, ꯃꯦꯟꯀꯥꯢꯟ꯭ꯗ) 
# ꯊꯋꯥꯢ ꯃꯤ (ꯊꯋꯥꯏ ꯃꯤ) - (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ- ꯁꯧꯜ, ꯁꯣꯜ)

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯎ
* ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯇꯨꯝꯕ ꯄꯊꯥꯞ
ꯃꯤ (ꯇꯤꯜ)

**ꯃꯤ (ꯃꯤꯔꯥꯡ)** ꯍꯥꯢꯕꯁꯤ ꯊꯋꯥꯢ ꯄꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯄꯛꯃꯥ ꯇꯤꯜ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯃꯤ(ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯕ)

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ

**ꯃꯤꯇꯩ** ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ **ꯃꯩꯇꯩ** ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ **ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯤ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯢꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯃꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯀ ꯊꯪꯅꯅ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯂꯝꯗꯁꯨ ꯈꯨꯟꯗꯥ-ꯂꯩꯇꯥꯏ ꯫  ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯥꯝ, ꯇꯈꯦꯜ (ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯄꯨꯔꯥ), ꯅꯥꯒꯥꯂꯦꯟ, ꯃꯤꯖꯣꯔꯥꯝ, ꯃꯦꯘꯥꯂꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯈꯨꯟꯗꯥ-ꯂꯩꯇꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯃꯗ ꯑꯋꯥ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ (ꯕꯔꯃꯥ) ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯕꯪꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯗꯦꯁꯇ ꯱꯸ ꯁꯨꯕ ꯆꯥꯍꯤꯆꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯟꯗꯥ-ꯂꯩꯇꯥꯕ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯈꯤ ꯫

ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯂꯥꯏ **꯷** ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯟꯂꯒ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯑꯏꯕ ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ **꯱꯴꯰꯰** ꯕꯤ. ꯁꯤ. ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯛꯂꯦ ꯫

## ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡ
ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯅꯥꯃꯍꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡ, ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡ, ꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯇꯥꯟ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯕꯧꯙ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯢꯅ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ ꯫
## ꯁꯥꯂꯥꯏ ꯷

ꯏꯄꯨꯊꯧ ꯄꯥꯈꯪꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯗ ꯅꯥꯎꯗ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯁꯂꯥꯏ ꯷ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ: 
* ꯃꯉꯥꯡ 
* ꯂꯨꯋꯥꯡ
* ꯈꯨꯃꯟ
* ꯑꯉꯣꯝ
* ꯃꯣꯏꯂꯥꯡ
* ꯈꯥ ꯉꯥꯟꯄ
* ꯁꯂꯥꯏ ꯂꯩꯁꯥꯡꯊꯦꯝ
## ꯂꯣꯟ
ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯅꯣ-ꯇꯤꯕꯦꯇꯣꯕꯔꯃꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯇꯥ ꯆꯟꯕ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯂꯩꯖꯕ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯂꯦꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯲,꯴꯰꯰,꯰꯰꯰ ꯃꯨꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔ ꯗ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯱,꯵꯰꯰,꯰꯰꯰ ꯃꯨꯛ ꯂꯩ ꯫ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ ꯍꯤꯡꯒꯠꯅꯕ ꯏꯍꯧꯁꯤ ꯱꯹꯹꯰ ꯑꯗꯥꯏꯗ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯂꯛꯈꯤ ꯫
## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯀꯧꯕꯔꯨ ꯆꯤꯡꯗꯣꯜꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯃꯥ-ꯂꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯊꯥꯡ ꯁꯨꯊꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯫
## ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯂꯃꯥꯢ
* ꯃꯩꯇꯩ
* ꯃꯤꯇꯩ
* ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯝꯅꯥꯛ ꯁꯥꯒꯩꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯄꯔꯤꯡ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ

**ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ  ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ ꯏꯕꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯂꯤꯌꯥ ꯄꯥꯜꯆꯥ ꯳꯰ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯈꯔꯦ ꯫ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯖꯥ ꯱꯹꯷꯹ꯗ ꯐꯣꯡꯕ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯃꯄꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯲꯷ ꯁꯨꯍꯟꯂꯦ ꯍꯥꯟꯅ ꯆꯠꯅꯔꯝꯕ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯱꯸ ꯇ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯹ ꯍꯥꯞꯆꯤꯟꯂꯒ, ꯆꯩꯇꯞ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯸ ꯁꯨꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯨꯝ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯷ ꯁꯨꯏ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯄꯨꯟ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯅ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕ ꯱ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯟꯂꯤ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ ꯀ ꯌꯥꯎꯖꯕꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯒ ꯀꯟꯁꯣꯅꯦꯟ ꯱꯵ ꯁꯤ ꯈꯛꯇ ꯊꯥꯏꯅꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯛꯄ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯈ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯳ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯖꯥ ꯱꯹꯷꯹ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯍꯥꯞꯆꯤꯟꯂꯛꯄ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯹ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯅ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯲꯷ ꯁꯨꯏ ꯫

ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡ ꯀꯌꯥꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫

## ꯏꯌꯦꯛ ꯏꯄꯤ

## ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯀꯣꯗ
ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯤ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯀꯣꯗ ꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯣꯕꯔ ꯲꯰꯰꯹ ꯗ ꯍꯥꯞꯆꯤꯟꯂꯛꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ ꯫ 
### ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯀꯣꯗ ꯎꯨꯠꯄ







## ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯏꯅꯕ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ
ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ (ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯀꯣꯗ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ)

**ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯀꯣꯗ ꯕꯂꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯏꯕꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯃꯌꯥꯝꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ

## ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

## ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒ ꯁꯝꯅꯐꯝ
*ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ  ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯛ ꯑꯣꯟꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ ꯫
ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯃꯔꯨꯞ

**ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯃꯔꯨꯞ** (ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯟ:Meetei Marup) ꯀꯧꯕ ꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯖꯥ ꯱꯹꯵꯹ ꯗ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤ **ꯈꯨꯋꯥꯏ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯊꯧꯀꯜ ꯂꯥꯡꯀꯜ ꯃꯥꯂꯨꯞ** ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯄꯨ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯖꯕ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯅꯥꯠ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝꯗꯒꯤ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ

## ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯁꯤꯂꯣꯟꯗ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ
ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯌꯨꯝꯁꯥꯂꯣꯟ

**ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯌꯨꯝꯁꯥꯂꯣꯟ** ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ **ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯁꯪꯁꯥꯂꯣꯟ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯖꯤꯖꯁ ꯈ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯁꯅ ꯄꯣꯛꯀꯗꯕ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯱꯵ꯁꯨꯕ ꯆꯍꯤꯆꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯅ ꯆꯠꯅꯂꯣꯟ ꯂꯩꯔꯕ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ (ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔ) ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯊꯪꯅꯕ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯅ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯂꯛꯄ ꯌꯨꯝꯁꯥꯂꯣꯟ (ꯁꯪꯁꯥꯂꯣꯟ)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯌꯨꯝꯖꯥꯎ
ꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯏ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛꯇ ꯑꯣꯟꯒꯅꯤ ꯫

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## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟꯗ ꯑꯔꯨꯝ ꯑꯌꯥꯡ

**ꯑꯔꯨꯝ ꯑꯌꯥꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ**: 

### ꯀ
#ꯀꯣꯟꯕ(ꯃꯃꯥꯅ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯀꯣꯟꯕ)  // ꯀꯣꯟꯕ (ꯃꯔꯨꯝ ꯀꯣꯟꯕ) 
#ꯀꯥꯏꯕ (ꯂꯨ ꯀꯥꯏꯕ)  // ꯀꯥꯏꯕ (ꯃꯄꯨꯝꯗꯒꯤ) // ꯀꯥꯏꯕ (ꯍꯧꯋꯥꯏꯆꯥꯔ ꯀꯥꯏꯕ) 
#ꯀꯥꯕ(ꯃꯩ) //  ꯀꯥꯕ(ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯀꯥꯕ)  // ꯀꯥꯕ(ꯃꯌꯥ ꯀꯥꯊꯣꯛꯄ)

### ꯁ
# ꯁꯤꯡ - ꯃꯩ ꯊꯥꯅꯕ // ꯁꯤꯡ - ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ

### ꯂ
# ꯂꯥꯏ (ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅ ꯅꯤꯡꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯂꯥꯏ) // ꯂꯥꯏ (ꯑꯌꯦꯛꯄ ꯁꯛꯇꯝ) 
# ꯂꯥꯏꯕꯛ (ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡ ꯃꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ) // ꯂꯥꯏꯕꯛ (ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗ ꯇꯝꯂꯝꯕ)
# ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ (ꯃꯅꯤꯡꯇꯝꯕ ꯂꯝ/ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ) // ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ (ꯂꯩꯈꯣꯝ)

### ꯃ
# ꯃꯄꯥꯟ // ꯃꯄꯥꯟ (ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ/ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯩ)
# ꯃꯥꯡꯕ (ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯕ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤꯕ) // ꯃꯥꯡꯕ (ꯊꯤꯕ ꯈꯪꯗꯕ) // ꯃꯥꯡꯕ (ꯑꯁꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ)

### ꯄ
# ꯄꯥꯏꯕ (ꯈꯨꯠꯅ ꯄꯥꯏꯕ)  // ꯄꯥꯏꯕ(ꯎꯆꯦꯛꯅ ꯄꯥꯏꯕ)

### ꯅ
# ꯅꯣꯏꯕ (ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯣꯏꯕ) // ꯅꯣꯏꯕ (ꯑꯇꯪꯕ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯕ)

### ꯆ
### ꯇ
### ꯈ
### ꯉ
### ꯊ
### ꯋ
# ꯋꯥ (ꯋꯥꯍꯩ/ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯄꯔꯦꯡ) // ꯋꯥ (ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ)

### ꯌ
# ꯌꯥꯔꯤ (ꯌꯥ ꯒꯤ)  // ꯌꯥꯔꯤ (ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯱ꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯕ)

### ꯍ
# ꯍꯥꯏꯕ (ꯋꯥꯍꯩ) // ꯍꯥꯏꯕ

### ꯎ
### ꯏ
### ꯐ
# ꯐꯧ (ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ) // ꯐꯧ (ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯥꯗ ꯌꯥꯏꯕ)

### ꯑ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯇꯨꯝꯕ ꯄꯊꯥꯞ

**ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯇꯨꯝꯕ ꯄꯊꯥꯞ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Human digestive system) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯒꯦꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯣ-ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁꯇꯥꯢꯅꯦꯜ ꯂꯝꯕꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯇꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯍꯦꯟꯕ ꯀꯌꯥꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯢ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯃꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯆꯠ

**ꯈꯣꯡꯆꯠ** (ꯂꯝꯗ ꯆꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯆꯠ)(Travel, Traveling) ꯍꯥꯏꯌꯁꯤ ꯂꯝ ꯑꯃ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯂꯝ ꯀꯌꯥꯗ ꯆꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯃꯤꯡ

**ꯃꯤꯡ** ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ **ꯃꯃꯤꯡ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯀꯧꯕ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯕ ꯃꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯇꯥꯛꯄ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯗꯗꯤ ꯃꯃꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯑꯣꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯝ ꯊꯣꯟꯂꯤ, ꯈꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯖꯕ ꯈꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯟꯅꯩ꯬꯬꯫ ꯃꯃꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯦꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯟꯕꯇ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯂꯦꯝ ꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯊꯨꯡꯅꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯍꯟꯕꯗ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯉꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯃꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯟꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯄꯣꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯌꯥꯔꯤꯈꯩ ꯆꯥꯟꯅꯅ ꯊꯣꯟꯅꯕ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯩ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯟꯂꯛꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯑꯐꯥꯎ ꯑꯐꯥꯎ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯊꯣꯟꯕꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯔꯛꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯂꯛꯅꯕꯤ ꯈꯟꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯈꯜ
* ꯁꯥ-ꯉꯥꯗ ꯀꯧꯅꯕ ꯃꯤꯡ
* ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯗ ꯀꯧꯅꯕ ꯃꯤꯡ
* ꯇꯤꯟ-ꯀꯥꯡꯗ ꯊꯣꯟꯕ ꯃꯤꯡ
* ꯆꯤꯡ-ꯄꯥꯠꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯟꯕ ꯃꯤꯡ

## ꯁꯤꯖꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯃꯥꯂꯤꯌꯥꯐꯝ ꯄꯥꯜꯆꯥ ꯀꯨꯝꯁꯤꯡ

**ꯃꯥꯂꯤꯌꯥꯐꯝ ꯄꯥꯜꯆꯥ ꯀꯨꯝꯁꯤꯡ.** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ  ꯃꯥꯂꯤꯌꯥꯐꯝ ꯄꯥꯜꯆꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯅꯥ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯇꯅꯔꯛꯂꯦ ꯫ ꯃꯥꯂꯤꯌꯥꯐꯝ ꯄꯥꯜꯆꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯂꯥꯏ ꯂꯩꯁꯥꯡꯊꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯇꯥ ꯅꯥꯎꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯄꯥ ꯀꯨꯝ ꯀꯨꯝ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥ ꯃꯁꯨꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ
ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ

## 

## 

## 

## 

## 

## 
*ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ  ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯛ ꯑꯣꯟꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ ꯫
*ꯏꯌꯦꯛ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯀꯣꯗ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯀꯣꯗ ꯫
ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ ꯋꯤꯀꯤꯄꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥ

**ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ ꯋꯤꯀꯤꯄꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯏꯪ ꯀꯨꯝꯖꯥ ꯲꯰꯱꯸ ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒ ꯲꯰꯲꯱ ꯗ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕ ꯃꯅꯤꯡꯇꯝꯕ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯀꯩ ꯱ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯂꯃꯥꯏ ꯄꯨꯟꯅ  ꯁꯨꯔꯦ ꯫
## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
* ꯲꯰꯲꯱ ꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯞꯇꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯊꯥꯒꯤ ꯆꯩꯆꯠ ꯱꯳ ꯗ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ ꯋꯤꯀꯤꯄꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯲꯹꯹꯶ ꯍꯥꯢꯕ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯗ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯀꯩ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯵꯰꯰꯰ ꯁꯨꯈꯤ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯃꯥꯂꯪ ꯍꯤ

**ꯃꯥꯂꯪ ꯍꯤ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Aeroplane) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯇꯤꯌꯥꯗ ꯄꯥꯢꯕ ꯉꯝꯕ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯄꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯤ ꯄꯨꯕ ꯉꯝꯕ ꯍꯤꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯃꯥꯂꯪ ꯍꯤꯊꯥꯡꯐꯝ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ

**ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ** (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ: ; ) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯇꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯞꯊꯣꯔꯛꯄꯗ ꯳ꯁꯨꯕ ꯊꯕꯤꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯊꯋꯥꯢ ꯄꯥꯟꯕ ꯍꯤꯡꯍꯟꯕ ꯉꯝꯕ ꯊꯕꯤ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯢꯕꯗ ꯀꯣꯢꯅ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯊꯕꯤ ꯸ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯑꯄꯛꯉꯥ
ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯇꯪꯈꯥꯢ

**ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯇꯪꯈꯥꯢ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Hemisphere of Earth) ꯍꯥꯢꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯝ ꯇꯥꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯪꯈꯥꯢ ꯊꯣꯛꯅ ꯈꯥꯢꯗꯣꯛꯂꯒ ꯂꯩꯒꯗꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ꯫

ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯇꯪꯈꯥꯢ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯀꯌꯥꯃꯔꯨꯝꯗ ꯌꯦꯡꯕ ꯌꯥꯢ꯫
* ꯑꯋꯥꯡ-ꯈꯥ:
# ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯇꯪꯈꯥꯢ (ꯊꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯇꯪꯈꯥꯢ) 
# ꯈꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯇꯪꯈꯥꯢ (ꯃꯈꯥ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯇꯪꯈꯥꯢ) 
* ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛ-ꯅꯣꯡꯆꯨꯞ:
# ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯇꯪꯈꯥꯢ
# ꯅꯣꯡꯆꯨꯞ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯇꯪꯈꯥꯢ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯃꯥꯔꯆ

**ꯃꯥꯔꯆ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯊꯄꯥꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯳ꯁꯨꯕ ꯊꯥ ꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯥꯔꯆ ꯊꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯳꯱ ꯅꯤ ꯁꯥꯏ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ

## ꯋꯥꯄꯣꯛꯂꯣꯟ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯊꯥ ꯱꯲
ꯃꯥꯢꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯥꯢꯜ

**ꯃꯥꯢꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯥꯢꯜ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯍꯤꯂꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯃꯈꯨꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯃꯥꯢꯍꯧꯕꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ

**ꯃꯥꯢꯍꯧꯕꯝ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯥꯕ ꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯁꯂꯥꯢꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯆꯥ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
## ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡ
## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯇꯦꯛꯆꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ
## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯌꯨꯝꯅꯥꯛ
ꯃꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ

ꯃꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯆꯥ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯛꯂꯕꯅꯤ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
## ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡ
## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯀꯩꯁꯥꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ
ꯃꯥꯢꯔꯦꯟ

**ꯃꯥꯢꯔꯦꯟ** (ꯃꯥꯢꯔꯦꯜ, ꯃꯥꯢꯂꯦꯟ, ꯃꯥꯢꯂꯦꯜ) ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ **ꯃꯥꯏꯔꯦꯟ** (ꯃꯥꯏꯔꯦꯜ, ꯃꯥꯏꯂꯦꯟ, ꯃꯥꯏꯂꯦꯜ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯍꯩꯅꯤꯡꯖꯣꯝ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯃꯥꯢꯕ꯭ꯔꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ

ꯃꯥꯢꯕ꯭ꯔꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯆꯥ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯅꯤ꯫
## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯈꯣꯢꯁ꯭ꯅꯥꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ
ꯃꯥꯔꯁꯨꯄꯤꯌꯦꯜ

**ꯃꯥꯔꯁꯨꯄꯤꯌꯦꯜ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯃꯦꯂꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯆꯟꯕ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯢꯅ ꯃꯆꯥ ꯍꯥꯞꯅꯕ ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗ ꯈꯥꯎ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯀꯥꯡꯕꯨꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯀꯪꯒꯥꯔꯨ
## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯃꯥꯂꯪ ꯍꯤꯊꯥꯡꯐꯝ

**ꯃꯥꯂꯪ ꯍꯤꯊꯥꯡꯐꯝ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Airport, Aerodrome) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯪ ꯍꯤ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯄꯟꯊꯨꯡꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯄꯥꯢꯈꯠꯐꯝꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯃꯦ

**ꯃꯦ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯊꯄꯥꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯵ꯁꯨꯕ ꯊꯥ ꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯦ ꯊꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯳꯱ ꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯏ ꯫
## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ

## ꯋꯥꯄꯣꯛꯂꯣꯟ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯊꯥ ꯱꯲
ꯃꯦꯂꯥ (ꯊꯥ)

**ꯃꯦꯂꯥ** (**ꯃꯦꯔꯥ**) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯂꯤꯌꯥꯐꯝ ꯄꯥꯜꯆꯥ ꯊꯥꯄꯥꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯢꯗꯥꯝ ꯊꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯊꯧꯔꯝ ꯃꯦꯔꯥ ꯍꯧꯆꯣꯡꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯔꯥ ꯊꯥꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯅꯤꯜ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯇ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯏ ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
* ꯍꯤꯌꯥꯡꯀꯩ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯃꯦꯂꯩ ꯂꯩꯁꯅꯥ

**ꯃꯦꯂꯩ ꯂꯩꯁꯅꯥ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Dendrobium densiflorum, Pineapple orchid) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯄ ꯎꯊꯛꯇ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯇ ꯍꯧꯕ ꯎꯂꯩ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯎꯂꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯕꯨ ꯊꯥꯗ ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯏꯅ ꯁꯥꯠꯂꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯃꯦꯔꯂꯥꯌꯟ ꯂꯝꯄꯥꯛ

**ꯃꯦꯔꯂꯥꯌꯟ ꯂꯝꯄꯥꯛ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥꯄꯣꯔꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯎꯟꯇꯥꯎꯟ ꯀꯣꯔ ꯄꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯢꯕ ꯂꯂꯣꯟ-ꯏꯇꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯢꯁꯪ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯥꯛꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯂꯝꯀꯣꯢꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯤꯟꯐꯝ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯃꯦꯔꯤ ꯀꯨꯔꯤ

**ꯃꯦꯔꯤ ꯀꯨꯔꯤ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯟꯂꯦꯟꯗ ꯄꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒ ꯁꯝꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ

* Out of the Shadows – A study of women physicists
* The official web page of Maria Curie Skłodowska University in Lublin, Poland in English.
* Detailed Biography at Science in Poland website; with quotes, photographs, links etc.
* European Marie Curie Fellowships
* Marie Curie Fellowship Association 
* ''Marie Sklodowska Curie: Her Life as a Media Compendium''
* Marie and Pierre Curie and the Discovery of Polonium and Radium Chronology from nobelprize.org
* Annotated bibliography of Marie Curie from the Alsos Digital Library
* Obituary, New York Times, 5 July 1934 ''Mme. Curie Is Dead; Martyr to Science''
* Some places and memories related to Marie Curie
* Marie Curie on the 500 French Franc and 20000 old Polish zloty banknotes.
ꯃꯦꯔꯥ ꯊꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯅꯥꯔꯩ

**ꯃꯦꯔꯥ ꯊꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯅꯥꯔꯩꯅ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ ꯗ ꯏꯕ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ **ꯌꯦꯡꯈꯣꯝ ꯇꯣꯝꯕꯤ**,ꯑꯌꯤꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ 
ꯏꯕ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡꯅꯤ ꯫ 


ꯃꯦꯔꯥ ꯊꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯅꯥꯔꯩꯅ
ꯉꯥꯏꯖꯔꯛꯄ ꯃꯦꯔꯥ ꯊꯥ
ꯂꯥꯛꯂꯦ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯈꯪꯍꯧꯗꯅ
ꯃꯣꯃꯣꯟ ꯃꯤꯅꯣꯛꯀ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ
ꯏꯪꯂꯕ ꯊꯥꯕꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯉꯥꯜꯗ꯫
ꯃꯦꯔꯥ ꯊꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯅꯥꯔꯩꯅ
ꯂꯩꯁꯥꯠ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯔꯛꯄ
ꯇꯧꯐꯝ ꯈꯪꯗ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡꯁꯦ
ꯃꯑꯣꯟ ꯃꯑꯣꯟ ꯈꯜꯂꯛꯏ
ꯅꯤꯡꯉꯣꯜ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯇꯥꯗꯅ꯫
ꯃꯦꯔꯥ ꯊꯥꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯖꯑꯣ!
ꯅꯤꯡꯉꯣꯜ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯣꯜꯍꯟꯕꯤ
ꯂꯩꯁꯛ ꯂꯩꯆꯨ ꯍꯦꯜꯂꯕꯤ
ꯁꯅꯥꯔꯩ ꯂꯩꯅꯝ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯤ
ꯍꯪꯖꯅꯤꯡꯏ ꯌꯧꯔꯛꯄ꯭ꯔ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯇꯁꯨ꯫
ꯃꯦꯔꯥ ꯊꯥꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯕꯜꯂꯛ
ꯁꯅꯥꯔꯩ ꯀꯧꯕꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯥꯡꯅ
ꯂꯩꯁꯥꯠ ꯇꯝꯕ ꯎꯔꯒ
ꯄꯣꯛꯆꯅꯤꯡꯏ ꯅꯨꯖꯥ ꯑꯩꯁꯨ
ꯂꯩꯔꯥꯡ ꯃꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯣꯛꯇ꯫


## ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
* **ꯍꯨꯌꯦꯟ ꯂꯥꯟꯄꯥꯎ**, ꯄꯥꯎ ꯆꯦ
ꯃꯦꯘꯅꯥꯗ ꯕꯙ ꯀꯥꯕ꯭ꯌ

**''ꯃꯦꯘꯅꯥꯗ ꯕꯙ ꯀꯥꯕ꯭ꯌ'' (Meghnad Badh Kavya)** (মেঘনাদবধ কাব্য; ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: The Slaying of Meghnada) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯢꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯙꯨꯁꯨꯗꯟ ꯗꯠ ꯅ ꯏꯕ ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯂꯤ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯂꯤ ꯂꯣꯢꯅꯁꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟꯗ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯢꯕ ꯃꯆꯪ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯢꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯗꯠ ꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯢꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯂꯣꯢꯅꯁꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯣꯢꯔꯤꯕ, *ꯃꯦꯘꯅꯥꯗ ꯕꯙ ꯀꯥꯕ꯭ꯌ* ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯊꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯪꯁ꯭ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯠ ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡ "ꯔꯥꯃꯥꯌꯟ"ꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯂꯪꯀꯥꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯔꯥꯕꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯃꯦꯘꯅꯥꯗ (ꯏꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯖꯤꯠ) ꯁꯤꯕꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯢꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯹ ꯊꯣꯛꯅ ꯈꯥꯢꯗꯣꯛꯏ꯫ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯔꯥꯕꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯕꯤꯔꯕꯍꯨꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯨꯂꯣꯆꯅꯥ (ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯃꯤꯂꯥ)ꯒꯤ ꯁꯇꯤ ꯗꯍꯥ (ꯂꯨꯈ꯭ꯔꯥꯕꯤ ꯃꯩ ꯊꯥꯕ) ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫ 

ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯨꯝꯅ ꯁꯩꯍꯧꯏ:

সম্মুখ সমরে পড়ি, বীর-চূড়ামণি
বীরবাহু, চলি যবে গেলা যমপুরে
অকালে...
|
The great hero, being defeated in a face-to-face battle,
Beerbahu, leaves to the dead man's world,
long before he should have ...

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
* ꯏꯂꯤꯌꯥꯗ
## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯃꯦꯛꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯅꯝ

**ꯃꯦꯛꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯅꯝ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯅꯥꯢꯔꯕꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯝ ꯂꯥꯡꯕꯤ ꯁꯤꯟꯂꯣꯢ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯏꯁꯤꯇꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯈꯣꯝ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯃꯦꯛꯀꯥ

**ꯃꯦꯛꯀꯥ** (ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯟ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯇ: Mecca) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯝ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯥꯢꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯂꯕ ꯃꯌꯣꯜꯂꯝꯂꯦꯟ ꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯁꯥꯎꯗꯤ ꯑꯔꯥꯕꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯛꯀꯥ ꯄꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯅꯨꯡꯁꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯃꯦꯛꯀꯥ ꯄꯅꯥ

**"ꯃꯦꯛꯀꯥ ꯄꯅꯥ** () () ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯥꯎꯗꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯕꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯄꯅꯥ ꯱꯳ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯂꯝ ꯄꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯗꯗꯤ ꯳ ꯁꯨꯕꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯢꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯈꯨꯟꯗꯥꯕ ꯄꯅꯥ ꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯃꯦꯞ

**ꯃꯦꯞ (ꯂꯩꯃꯥꯢ ꯄꯥꯐꯜ)** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯝ/ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯎꯠꯂꯒ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯱ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯝꯗ ꯇꯥꯛꯄꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯡꯕ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯄꯣꯠ ꯆꯩ ꯆꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯠ ꯎꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯦꯛꯊꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯗ ꯍꯦꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯄꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ ꯫

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯄꯥꯐꯜ
ꯃꯨꯅꯤꯛ

**ꯃꯨꯅꯤꯆ** (ꯖꯔꯃꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ: **München**) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯖꯔꯃꯅꯤꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯌꯣꯜꯂꯝꯂꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯖꯔꯃꯅꯤ ꯗ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯢꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯃꯌꯣꯜꯂꯝꯂꯦꯟ ꯳ꯁꯨꯕꯅꯤ, ꯕꯔꯂꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯍꯦꯝꯚꯔꯒꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ꯫

## ꯃꯃꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯝꯁꯤꯡ

File:MariensaeuleMuenchen.jpg
File:Www.gerhard-blank.de_münchen_ansicht_von_oben.jpg 
File:München und die Alpen bei Föhn.jpg 
File:Lions at the Feldherrnhalle in Munich.JPG 


## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ
ꯃꯩ

**ꯃꯩ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Fire) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯕꯨ ꯉꯔꯪ ꯉꯔꯪ ꯆꯥꯛꯄ ꯑꯁꯥꯕ ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ, ꯃꯉꯥꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯆꯥꯛꯅꯕ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯳ꯁꯤ ꯁꯨꯅ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯇ ꯊꯣꯛꯏ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯃꯩꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯡ ꯑꯔꯥꯕ
* ꯑꯒ꯭ꯅꯤ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯃꯦꯟꯗꯦꯂꯦꯚꯤꯌꯝ

**ꯃꯦꯟꯗꯦꯂꯦꯚꯤꯌꯝ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯪ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
*ꯔꯨꯊꯔꯐꯣꯔꯗꯤꯌꯝ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟ
ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯁꯀꯣꯜ

**ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯁꯒꯣꯜ** (ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯁꯒꯣꯜ, ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯁꯀꯣꯜ, ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯁꯥꯀꯣꯜ, ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯁꯥꯒꯣꯜ, ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯁꯥꯀꯣꯟ, ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯁꯥꯒꯣꯟ, ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯁꯀꯣꯟ, ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯁꯒꯣꯟ, ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯁꯥꯀꯣꯜ, ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯁꯥꯀꯣꯟ, ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯁꯥꯒꯣꯟ, ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯁꯒꯣꯜ, ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯁꯀꯣꯜ, ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯁꯀꯣꯟ, ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯁꯒꯣꯟ) (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: **Manipuri pony**) ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔ (ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ)ꯇ ꯃꯩꯍꯧꯔꯣꯜꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯛꯂꯕ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯒ ꯏ ꯌꯥꯟꯁꯤꯟꯅꯗꯕ ꯁꯀꯣꯜ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯑꯥꯔꯕ ꯁꯀꯣꯜ
## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯁꯒꯣꯜ
ꯃꯩꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯡ ꯑꯔꯥꯕ

**"ꯆꯛꯃꯣꯝ ꯈꯝꯕꯤ ꯃꯩꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯡ ꯑꯔꯥꯕ** (Chakmom Khambi Meitreng Araba)  ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯩ ꯀꯧꯕ ꯂꯥꯢ ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯥꯡꯒꯣꯢ ꯇꯥꯅ ꯆꯥꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯉꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯃꯌꯥꯢ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯒ꯭ꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯢꯔꯤꯕ ꯂꯥꯢ ꯑꯁꯤꯒ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀ ꯄꯥꯡꯈꯛ ꯑꯣꯢ ꯫

## ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯂꯣꯟ
ꯃꯩꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯡ ꯑꯔꯥꯕꯁꯤ ꯇꯥꯢꯕꯪꯄꯥꯜ ꯁꯦꯝꯂꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯩꯍꯧꯔꯣꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯛꯂꯕ ꯈꯣꯌꯨꯝ ꯂꯥꯢ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯇ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯪꯂꯛꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯑꯔꯥꯕ ꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤꯁꯤ ꯑꯒ꯭ꯅꯤꯅ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤ ꯫

## ꯋꯥꯔꯤ
## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯄꯔꯁꯨꯔꯥꯝ

**ꯄꯔꯁꯨꯔꯥꯝ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Parasuram) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯚꯤꯁ꯭ꯅꯨꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯢꯑꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯄꯔꯁꯨꯔꯥꯃꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯂꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯕꯤꯁ꯭ꯅꯨꯒꯤ ꯶ꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯑꯋꯇꯥꯔ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯅꯩ꯫ ꯄꯔꯁꯨꯔꯥꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯖꯃꯥꯗꯒ꯭ꯅꯤ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯔ꯭ꯏꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯕꯤ ꯔꯦꯅꯨꯀꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯗꯒꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯍ꯭ꯃꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯄꯨꯔꯣꯍꯤꯠ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯅꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯞ ꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯡ “ꯄꯔꯁꯨꯔꯥꯝ” ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ “ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯔꯥꯃꯥ” ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯕꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ, ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯃꯥ-ꯃꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ꯄꯔꯁꯨꯔꯥꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯁꯠꯔꯤꯌꯥꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯃꯆꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯕꯤꯔꯌ ꯑꯔꯖꯨꯟ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ ꯑꯄꯟ ꯅꯪꯍꯅꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯕꯨꯡꯕꯨ ꯍꯥꯠꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯔꯁꯨꯔꯥꯃꯥꯕꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯍꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯊꯪ ꯄꯨꯔꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯁꯠꯔꯤꯌ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯩ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯁꯠꯔꯤꯌꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯊꯤꯕꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯔꯥꯅꯤꯄꯥꯜ ꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤ꯫ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯆꯦꯠꯄꯥ ꯖꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯁꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯤꯚꯦꯟꯖꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯄꯔꯁꯨꯔꯥꯃꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯈꯉꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯏꯄꯤꯛ ꯃꯍꯥꯚꯥꯔꯇꯇꯒꯤ ꯚꯤꯁ꯭ꯝ, ꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯟ, ꯀꯔꯅ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯅꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡꯕꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯄꯔꯁꯨꯔꯥꯃꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯀꯁꯨ ꯍꯤꯡꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯔꯛꯀꯅꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯗꯥ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ, ꯗꯤꯁꯤꯞꯂꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯛꯇꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯏꯀꯥꯌ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯃꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯛꯇꯤꯕꯨ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ ꯄꯔꯁꯨꯔꯥꯃꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯧꯅꯥ, ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯚꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯏꯊꯤꯜ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫
thumb|ꯄꯔꯁꯨꯔꯥꯃꯥ

thumb|ꯄꯔꯁꯨꯔꯥꯃꯥ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯆꯤꯉꯨ ꯈꯣꯌꯨꯝ ꯂꯥꯢꯌꯥꯝꯁꯤꯡ
ꯄꯔꯦꯟꯀꯥꯢꯃꯥ

**ꯄꯔꯦꯟꯀꯥꯢꯃꯥ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: **Parenchyma**) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯆꯝꯕ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯔꯕ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯄꯣꯁꯥꯏꯗꯟ

**ꯄꯣꯁꯥꯢꯗꯟ** ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯔꯦꯟꯄꯨꯡ, ꯏꯊꯛ-ꯏꯄꯣꯝ, ꯌꯨꯍꯥꯔꯥꯕ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯁꯒꯣꯜꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯢ ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯅꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ "ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯜ ꯅꯤꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯉꯝꯕ" ꯍꯥꯢꯅꯁꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯫
ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯣꯃꯥꯟ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯡꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯂꯥꯢꯗꯤ ꯅꯦꯞꯇꯨꯟꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯄꯣꯂꯣꯅꯤꯌꯝ

**ꯄꯣꯂꯣꯅꯤꯌꯝ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯪ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
* ꯂꯤꯗ (ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟ)

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟ
ꯄꯣꯂꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ

ꯄꯣꯂꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯆꯥ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯅꯤ꯫
## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
ꯄ

**ꯄ** (**ꯄꯥ**) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ ꯏꯕꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯀꯤ ꯵ꯁꯨꯕ ꯃꯄꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯇ ꯃꯄꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯃꯄꯨꯝ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯄꯨꯟꯅ ꯲꯷ ꯁꯨꯏ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
ꯋꯥꯀꯣꯛꯂꯣꯟ ꯍꯤꯂꯦꯜ ꯊꯤꯂꯦꯜ ꯁꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯥꯏꯂꯣꯟ ꯄꯨꯀꯣꯛ ꯄꯨꯌꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯀꯣꯛ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯁꯤ ꯃꯂꯤꯌꯥꯐꯝ ꯄꯥꯜꯆꯥ ꯱ ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯛꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯌꯥꯡ ꯍꯤꯔꯜ ꯂꯩꯖꯩ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯣꯢ
## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ
ꯄꯣꯇꯥꯁꯤꯌꯝ

**ꯄꯣꯇꯥꯁꯤꯌꯝ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: **Potassium**) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯪ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯄꯣꯇꯥꯁꯤꯌꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯱꯹ꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯅ ꯳꯹.꯰꯹꯸꯳u ꯅꯤ ꯫ **K** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯅ ꯄꯣꯇꯥꯁꯤꯌꯝꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯥꯛꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯄꯣꯇꯥꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯏꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ; ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯝꯕꯣꯜ K (ꯅꯤꯑꯣ-ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯟ ꯀꯦꯂꯤꯌꯃꯗꯒꯤ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯅꯝꯕꯔ ꯱꯹ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯨꯄꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯉꯧꯕꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯣꯉꯎꯞ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯇꯔꯨ ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯄꯣꯇꯥꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯃꯦꯇꯂꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯇꯃꯣꯁ꯭ꯐꯤꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯅꯒꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯀꯦꯟꯗ ꯈꯔꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯏꯠ ꯄꯣꯇꯥꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯄꯦꯔꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯇꯥꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯣꯔꯀꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯌꯗꯤꯛ ꯇꯦꯕꯂꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯂꯀꯥꯂꯤ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯟ ꯁꯦꯂꯗꯥ ꯚꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯕ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ (ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯌꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯄꯨꯅꯁꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯜꯇ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ)꯫ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯇꯥꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯁꯣꯜꯇ ꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯏꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯔꯤ ꯄꯣꯇꯥꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯟ ꯃꯩ ꯊꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯂꯥꯛ ꯃꯆꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯩ ꯊꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯃꯨꯗ꯭ꯔꯒꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ (ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ 0.04% ꯄꯣꯇꯥꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯣꯏ) ꯌꯥꯎꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯏꯒ꯭ꯅꯤꯌꯁ ꯔꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇꯨꯌꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯇꯣꯛꯂꯦꯖꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯅꯔꯦꯜ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯄꯣꯇꯥꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯗꯤꯌꯃꯒꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯌꯗꯤꯛ ꯇꯦꯕꯂꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯱ꯗꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯉꯥꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯟ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯱꯷꯰꯲ꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯌꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯄꯨꯅꯁꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯜꯇ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯁꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯔꯤ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯁꯣꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ 1807ꯗꯥ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯁꯣꯇꯣꯞ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯴꯰
ꯀꯦ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯣꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯴꯰ꯒꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯏꯁꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯀꯦ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯣꯑꯥꯏꯁꯣꯇꯣꯄꯅꯤ꯫

ꯄꯣꯇꯥꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯅꯔꯚ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯝꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯣꯇꯥꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯅꯔꯚ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯃꯤꯁꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ; ꯄꯣꯇꯥꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯋꯥꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯃꯃꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯑꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯕꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯅꯥ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯎꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯇꯥꯁꯤꯌꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯁꯣꯔꯁꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯄꯣꯇꯥꯁꯤꯌꯃꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯦꯟꯖꯥꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯟꯁ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯔꯥꯝ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯁꯤꯌꯃꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯇꯥꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯇꯥꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯁꯤꯌꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯜꯌꯨꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯁꯣꯜꯇ ꯋꯥꯇꯔ ꯁꯥꯄꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯔꯣꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯃꯥꯌꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯇꯥꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯇꯥꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯂꯧꯎ-ꯁꯤꯡꯎꯒꯤ ꯐꯔꯇꯤꯂꯥꯏꯖꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯇꯥꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯹꯵% ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯖꯦꯅꯣꯟ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯄꯣꯏꯅꯨ

**ꯄꯣꯏꯅꯨ** ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯊꯄꯥꯂꯣꯟ ꯃꯂꯤꯌꯥꯐꯝ ꯄꯥꯜꯆꯥ ꯀꯨꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕ ꯱꯲ ꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯱ ꯒꯤ ꯊꯥ ꯃꯃꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯄꯣꯏꯅꯨꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯳꯰ ꯅꯤ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫ ꯄꯣꯏꯅꯨꯁꯤ **ꯂꯧꯔꯣꯛ ꯊꯥ** ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯁꯨ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯫

## ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒ ꯁꯝꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ
ꯄꯣꯔꯤꯐꯦꯔꯥ

**ꯄꯣꯔꯤꯐꯦꯔꯥ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯃꯦꯂꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯆꯟꯕ ꯐꯥꯢꯂꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯟ꯭ꯖ ꯍꯥꯢꯅꯁꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯥꯁꯪ

**ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯥꯁꯪ** (ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯥꯐꯝ, ꯀꯜ-ꯀꯥꯔꯈꯥꯅꯥ)(ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Factory) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯁꯨ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯢ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯁꯨꯅ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯊꯧꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯄꯣꯠ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯁꯥꯕ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯁꯨ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯢ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯄꯣꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯁꯨꯕ ꯃꯐꯝꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯪꯕꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ

ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯪꯕꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯆꯤꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯅꯥꯔꯜ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯜꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥ ꯃꯁꯨ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯆꯥ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯅꯤ꯫
## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
## ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡ
## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯑꯦꯂꯥꯡꯕꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ
ꯄꯤꯕꯥ

**ꯄꯤꯕꯥ** ꯍꯥꯢꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯄꯤꯁꯥꯇꯥꯎ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯄꯥꯈꯪꯄ ꯀꯪꯂꯥ ꯊꯦꯜꯂꯣꯟ

**ꯄꯥꯈꯪꯄ ꯀꯪꯂꯥ ꯊꯦꯜꯂꯣꯟ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯛꯂꯕ ꯏꯄꯨꯊꯧ ꯄꯥꯈꯪꯄ ꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯁꯪ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯄꯥꯈꯪꯄ

**"ꯄꯥꯈꯪꯕ"** ()  (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ:Pakhangba) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯅ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯅꯥꯃꯍꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯅ ꯂꯥꯠꯆꯕ ꯂꯥꯢ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯂꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯄꯨꯕ ꯉꯝꯕ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯃꯌꯥꯢ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯈꯣꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯢꯅ ꯂꯧꯅꯩ ꯫

ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯥꯢꯕꯪꯄꯣꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨ ꯑꯣꯢꯔꯤꯕ ꯁꯂꯥꯢꯂꯦꯟ ꯁꯤꯗꯕ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯃ ꯂꯩꯃꯔꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯗꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯝꯕꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯛꯇꯝꯁꯤꯡ (ꯒꯦꯂꯦꯔꯤ)
꯱꯫ 

ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯃꯆꯨꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯔꯥꯜꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤꯕ ꯏꯄꯨꯊꯧ ꯄꯥꯈꯪꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤ 

꯲꯫ 

ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯧꯕ ꯃꯆꯨꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯔꯥꯜꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤꯕ ꯏꯄꯨꯊꯧ ꯄꯥꯈꯪꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤ

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯄꯨꯔꯨꯛ ꯁꯧꯕꯤ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ
ꯄꯥꯌꯥ

**ꯄꯥꯌꯥ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯔꯒ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯆꯦꯠ ꯁꯤꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯫
ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯣꯡ

**ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯣꯡ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯗ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯉꯥꯜ ꯍꯥꯞꯄ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯞ ꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯒꯨꯜ ꯈꯔ  ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗ, 
 ꯱) ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯣꯡꯅ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯅꯤꯡꯂꯤꯕ ꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯊ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯣꯠꯁꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯎꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫
 ꯲)ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯣꯡ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇ ꯆꯨꯝꯗꯨꯅ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯋꯐꯝꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯄꯥꯏꯔꯦ ꯀꯨꯔꯤ

**ꯄꯥꯏꯔꯦ ꯀꯨꯔꯤ** ꯁꯤ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯃꯦꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟ ꯍꯨꯝꯖꯤꯟꯂꯝꯕ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟꯂꯣꯏ(ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯁ) ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ **ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁ** ꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯅꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ **ꯄꯦꯔꯤꯁ** ꯃꯦ ꯱꯵, ꯱꯸꯶꯷ ꯗ ꯄꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯆꯠ

## ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡ

## ꯁꯤꯖꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
* ꯃꯦꯔꯤ ꯀꯨꯔꯤ

## ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒ ꯁꯝꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ
*NOBELPRIZE.ORG: History of Pierre and Marie
* Pierre Curie's Nobel prize
* Official Nobel biography
* Biography American Institute of Physics 
* Annotated bibliography for Pierre Curie from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues
* Curie's publication in French Academy of Sciences papers
* Some places and memories related to Pierre Curie
* Find a Grave|1614

# Nobel Prize in Physics Laureates 1901–1925
# Scientists whose names are used as non SI units
# People whose names are used in chemical element names

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯣꯢ

**ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯣꯢ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯛ ꯀꯣꯢꯕ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯖꯒꯣꯢꯁꯥꯕꯤ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯒꯗꯧꯔꯤꯕꯤꯅ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯄꯨ ꯀꯨꯞꯅꯕꯁꯦꯠꯄ ꯐꯤꯖꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯀꯖꯦꯡꯂꯩ
## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟ

**ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟ** (Chemistry) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯌꯥꯟꯊꯣꯛ ꯌꯥꯟꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯅꯩꯅꯂꯣꯟꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯃꯔꯣꯝꯗ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯂꯦꯃꯦꯟꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯥꯎꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯇꯝ, ꯃꯣꯂꯦꯀꯨꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯥꯌꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯗ ꯅꯩꯅꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯢꯅ ꯂꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯢ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯄꯥꯔꯊꯦꯅꯣꯟ

**ꯄꯥꯔꯊꯦꯅꯣꯟ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: **Parthenon**) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯁꯪꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯂꯥꯢꯁꯪꯁꯤ ꯁꯥꯕꯗ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯖꯥꯜꯅ ꯉꯝꯖꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯢꯅ ꯅꯤꯡꯅꯈꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯄꯥꯔꯕꯇꯤ

**ꯄꯥꯔꯕꯇꯤ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫
thumb|ꯄꯥꯔꯕꯇꯤ
thumb|ꯄꯥꯔꯕꯇꯤ
ꯄꯥꯔꯕꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯗꯦꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ, ꯚꯛꯇꯤ, ꯃꯤꯔꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯛꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯅꯩ꯫ ꯄꯥꯔꯕꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯍꯤꯃꯥꯕꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯕꯤ ꯃꯦꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯚꯒꯕꯥꯟ ꯁꯤꯕꯀꯥ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ꯫ ꯄꯥꯔꯕꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯗꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯃꯄꯨꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ, ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯔꯤꯞꯔꯖꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ꯫ ꯄꯥꯔꯕꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯁꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯒꯅꯦꯁ, ꯏꯂꯤꯐꯦꯟꯇ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯊꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯦꯌ, ꯂꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯅꯤ꯫ ꯄꯥꯔꯕꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ, ꯎꯃꯥ, ꯒꯧꯔꯤ, ꯑꯟꯅꯄꯨꯔꯅꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯤꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯔꯁꯣꯅꯦꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯋꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯕꯇꯤꯕꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯖꯩ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ, ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯚꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ, ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯛꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯄꯥꯔꯕꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯧꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯚꯒꯕꯥꯟ ꯁꯤꯕꯀꯥ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯕꯀꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯗꯤꯞ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯥꯄꯁ꯭ꯌꯥ (ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯆꯨꯑꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯤꯁ) ꯇꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯄꯥꯔꯕꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯜ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯁꯪꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯆꯩ ꯌꯣꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ, ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯐꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ, ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯡꯍ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯩꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯐꯖꯔꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯨꯔꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯖꯩ꯫ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯕꯇꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯆꯥꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯁꯃꯁ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯁꯛꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯏꯃꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯈꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯉꯥꯀꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯅꯤ꯫ ꯄꯥꯔꯕꯇꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ, ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯖꯥꯜ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯩ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯀꯥꯌ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯕꯔꯥꯠꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯤꯖꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯧꯖꯥꯜ ꯂꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯔꯊꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ, ꯏꯁꯩ ꯁꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯧꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯄꯥꯔꯕꯇꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯛꯇꯤꯕꯨꯁꯨ ꯔꯤꯞꯔꯖꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯍꯤꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯉꯥꯀꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯨꯔꯒꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯈꯨꯔꯨꯃꯖꯩ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ, ꯐꯖꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯔꯣꯜ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯏ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ, ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯄꯥꯔꯕꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ, ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯛꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ, ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯊꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯚꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯂꯥꯈ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯕꯇꯤꯕꯨ ꯈꯨꯔꯨꯃꯖꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯏꯀꯥꯌ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯉꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯨꯜ, ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯔꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯔꯊꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ, ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯃꯗꯥ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ, ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯛꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯊꯧꯒꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯄꯥꯔꯕꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯈꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ; ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯣꯗꯔꯟ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯇꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡꯕꯤꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯧꯖꯥꯜ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ, ꯑꯁꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯋꯥꯌ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯟꯇꯤ ꯐꯪꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯎ
* ꯒꯧꯔꯤ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯆꯤꯉꯨ ꯈꯣꯌꯨꯝ ꯂꯥꯢꯌꯥꯝꯁꯤꯡ
ꯄꯥꯛꯆꯥꯎꯕ

**ꯄꯥꯛꯆꯥꯎꯕ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯂꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯅꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯄꯣꯠ ꯑꯃꯥꯁꯤ ꯀꯌꯥꯝ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯒꯦ ꯇꯥꯛꯄꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯋꯍꯩꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯟꯇꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄ
ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ

**ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯈꯜꯁꯤꯡ
* ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯕ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ (Meristematic tissue) 
* ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯔꯕ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ (Permanent tissue) 
## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤꯗ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯇꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤ

**ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤꯗ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯇꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤ** (Mimicry in plants) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯊꯋꯥꯢ ꯄꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅꯕ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯔꯛꯄꯗ ꯄꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯡ ꯗ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕ-ꯑꯑꯣꯟꯕ ꯂꯥꯛꯄꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯢꯔꯛꯄꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯎ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯄꯦꯔꯨ

**ꯄꯦꯔꯨ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯥ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯂꯦꯟꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯅꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯕ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
* ꯃꯆꯨ ꯄꯤꯆꯨ
* ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯂꯦꯟ
* ꯕꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯌꯥ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ
ꯄꯦꯟꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯌꯥꯁ

**ꯄꯦꯟꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯌꯥꯁ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Pancreas) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯊꯋꯥꯢ ꯑꯄꯛꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯇꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯍꯦꯟꯕ ꯀꯌꯥꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯄꯦꯡꯕ

**"ꯄꯦꯡꯕ" (''Osteobrama belangeri'')** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯗ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ  ꯇꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯕ ꯉꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯉꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯎꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯅꯕ ꯉꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯂꯩꯐꯝ
## ꯄꯦꯡꯕ ꯃꯈꯜ
## ꯄꯦꯡꯕ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕ
## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯄꯨꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯔꯥꯅꯤ ꯍꯨꯢꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯝ

**ꯄꯨꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯔꯥꯅꯤ ꯍꯨꯢꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯝ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯅꯥꯢꯔꯕꯤ ꯁꯩꯁꯛꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯍꯨꯢꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯝ ꯅꯥꯎꯕꯣꯢ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯄꯨꯈ꯭ꯔꯝꯕꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ

ꯄꯨꯈ꯭ꯔꯝꯕꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯆꯥ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯅꯤ꯫ 
## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
## ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡ
## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯍꯥꯎꯕꯤꯖꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ
ꯄꯨꯊꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ

ꯄꯨꯊꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯣꯢꯂꯥꯡ ꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯂꯥꯢꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯊꯤꯕ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥ ꯃꯁꯨ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯢꯅ ꯊꯥꯖꯅꯔꯤ꯫
## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯀꯣꯟꯖꯦꯡꯕꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ
* ꯉꯥꯉꯣꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ
ꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯏꯅꯨ

**ꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯏꯅꯨ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯏꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯎ
ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯏꯅꯨ
ꯄꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯥ

**"ꯄꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯥ" (ꯑꯥꯔꯕ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ: البرٹس, [[ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ]]: Petra)** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯖꯣꯔꯗꯟꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤꯒ ꯊꯥꯒꯣꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯌꯣꯜꯂꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯉꯛꯄ ꯷ꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯂꯤ

**ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ** (hi̯st͡ɕory*HISTORY IN ENGLISH*) ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯉꯩ ꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯋꯤꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤꯅ ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟꯅ ꯊꯝꯕꯅ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯉꯩ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕ ꯊꯣꯛꯇꯔꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛ-ꯋꯥꯊꯣꯛ ꯀꯌꯥꯕꯨ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯃꯍꯩꯔꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥꯥꯥꯥꯥꯥꯥꯥꯥꯥꯥꯥꯥꯥꯥꯥꯥꯥꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ(ꯍꯤꯔꯝ) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯇꯝꯅꯔꯦ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
* ꯃꯨꯘꯜ
## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯄꯨꯌꯥ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯄꯔꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ

ꯄꯨꯌꯥ ꯃꯃꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯤꯖꯔꯤ:
ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯀꯨꯞꯊꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯉꯟꯕ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯊꯦꯡꯕ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯄꯤꯖꯔꯤ:
## ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯌꯥꯁꯤꯡ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯄꯨꯌꯥ ꯃꯩ ꯊꯥꯕ

**ꯄꯨꯌꯥ ꯃꯩ ꯊꯥꯕ** (:simple:Puya Mei Thaba) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯛꯆꯤꯡ ꯲꯳, ꯳꯱꯰꯷ ꯃ‍•ꯄꯗ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯄꯥꯝꯍꯩꯄ ꯍꯥꯛꯇꯛꯇ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯇ ꯏꯕ ꯄꯨꯌꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯈꯣꯝꯖꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯅꯝꯐꯨꯗ ꯃꯩ ꯊꯥꯈꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤꯗ ꯑꯃꯝꯕ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯢꯅ ꯂꯧꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯄꯨꯔꯥꯟ

**"ꯄꯨꯔꯥꯟ" (ꯄꯨꯔꯥꯅ)([[ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯤ]]: पूराण)([[ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ]]: purāna)** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯂꯝꯂꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯢꯅꯁꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯢꯕ ꯍꯤꯔꯝ ꯀꯌꯥꯃꯔꯨꯝꯗ ꯏꯕ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯄꯨꯔꯨꯛ ꯁꯧꯕꯤ

**"ꯄꯨꯔꯨꯛ ꯁꯧꯕꯤ" (''Puruk Soubi'')** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯣꯡꯕ ꯎꯆꯦꯛꯀꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯟꯄꯥꯠꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯏꯀꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯀꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤꯒ ꯊꯥꯒꯣꯟꯅꯅ ꯂꯩꯔꯛꯄ ꯂꯥꯢꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯂꯥꯢꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯄꯨꯊꯧ ꯄꯥꯈꯪꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯚꯝꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯢꯅ ꯂꯧꯅꯔꯤ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
## ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯢꯔꯤꯕ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ
## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜ

ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯃꯦꯂꯤꯌꯥ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯆꯟꯕ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯢꯅ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔ ꯃꯆꯥꯕꯨ ꯅꯥꯎꯄꯨꯗꯨꯅ ꯄꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* 🦁
* 🐯
* 🐆
* 🐘
* 🦒
* 🦓

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯇꯤꯅꯝ

**ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯇꯤꯅꯝ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯪ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
* ꯔꯨꯊꯦꯅꯤꯌꯝ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟ
ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯟꯇꯦ(ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ)

ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯟꯇꯦ (ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯅ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯉꯥꯜꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯁꯨꯡꯖꯕ ꯉꯝꯕ ꯏꯌꯨꯀꯥꯔꯤꯌꯣꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯆꯟꯕ ꯊꯋꯥꯢ ꯄꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯄꯛꯃꯥ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯑꯜꯒꯥ
* ꯃꯣꯅꯣꯀꯣꯠ ꯃꯔꯨ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ

**ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Plant Kingdom or Kingdom Plantae) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯅꯥꯥꯥꯥꯄꯤ ꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯄꯥꯟꯕꯤꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯂꯞ ꯈꯣꯝꯖꯤꯟꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯍꯦꯜꯃꯤꯟꯊꯤꯁ

**ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯍꯦꯜꯃꯤꯟꯊꯤꯁ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯃꯦꯂꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯐꯥꯢꯂꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛꯄꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯢꯔꯒ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯋꯔ꯭ꯝ ꯍꯥꯢꯅꯁꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯀꯥꯔꯤꯌꯣꯠ

**ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯀꯥꯔꯤꯌꯣꯠ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯤꯡꯕ ꯊꯋꯥꯢ ꯑꯄꯛꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯋꯥꯔꯤ

ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯋꯥꯔꯤ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯀꯨꯞꯊꯅꯥ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯗ ꯏꯕꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯆꯪꯗꯔꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯔꯕ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯃꯁꯤꯟ, ꯊꯕꯛ, ꯃꯔꯤ ꯃꯇꯥ(ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯱ꯒ ꯱ꯒ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯅꯅ ꯂꯩꯃꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯕ, ꯃꯇꯥꯡ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯋꯑꯃꯥꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯕ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛ ꯋꯥꯊꯣꯛꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ, ꯃꯌꯥꯝꯒ ꯇꯣꯠꯅꯥ ꯇꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯃꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
## ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯨꯝꯁꯤꯡ
## ꯁꯤꯖꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
## ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ
ꯄꯪꯈꯥ

**ꯄꯪꯈꯥ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Fan) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯍꯨꯃꯥꯏ ꯍꯨꯝꯕꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ ꯫
ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯀꯦꯔꯥꯢꯌꯣꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯦꯜ

**ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯀꯦꯔꯥꯢꯌꯣꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯦꯜ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯨꯔꯥꯡꯕꯥꯟ (ꯃꯀꯨ) ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯕ ꯃꯈꯜꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯜꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯦꯊꯤꯌꯁ

**ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯦꯊꯤꯌꯁ** ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ **ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯦꯊ꯭ꯌꯁ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯤ ꯂꯥꯢ ꯇꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯇꯥꯢꯇꯟ ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯝꯄꯁ ꯆꯤꯡꯖꯥꯎ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ꯖ꯭ꯌꯨꯁ ꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯐꯝꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯩ ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯜꯂꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯇꯥꯢꯕꯪ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯕꯗ ꯄꯤꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯩꯔꯥꯛ ꯑꯣꯢꯅ ꯌꯣꯠꯂꯤꯅ ꯃꯁꯥꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯄꯥꯛꯇ ꯄꯨꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯎꯆꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯤꯚꯔ ꯆꯥꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯊꯣꯢꯗꯣꯛ ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫

## ꯃꯤꯔꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ
* ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯝꯄꯁ
## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ
ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯦꯊꯤꯌꯝ

**ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯦꯊꯤꯌꯝ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯪ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯃꯆꯪ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯦꯊꯤꯌꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯒ ꯊꯣꯟꯕꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯄꯜꯂꯥꯗꯤꯌꯝ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟ
ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯁꯇꯥ

ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯁꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯁꯠ (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Protista or Protist) ꯊꯋꯥꯢ ꯄꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯄꯛꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯢꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ, ꯁꯥ-ꯉꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯀꯣꯛꯐꯥꯢꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯆꯟꯗꯦ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯅ

**ꯅ** (**ꯅꯥ**) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ ꯏꯕꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯀꯤ ꯶ꯁꯨꯕ ꯃꯄꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯇ ꯃꯄꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯃꯄꯨꯝ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯄꯨꯟꯅ ꯲꯷ ꯁꯨꯏ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
ꯋꯥꯀꯣꯛꯂꯣꯟ ꯍꯤꯂꯦꯜ ꯊꯤꯂꯦꯜ ꯁꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯥꯏꯂꯣꯟ ꯄꯨꯀꯣꯛ ꯄꯨꯌꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯀꯣꯛ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯁꯤ ꯃꯂꯤꯌꯥꯐꯝ ꯄꯥꯜꯆꯥ ꯱ ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯛꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯌꯥꯡ ꯍꯤꯔꯜ ꯂꯩꯖꯩ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ
ꯅꯃꯨꯖꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ

ꯅꯃꯨꯖꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯆꯥ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯅꯤ꯫
## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯋꯥꯡꯂꯦꯝꯕꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ
ꯅꯔꯁꯤꯡꯍ (ꯂꯥꯢ)

**ꯅꯔꯁꯤꯡꯍ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯚꯤꯁ꯭ꯅꯨꯒꯤ ꯅꯣꯡꯁꯥ ꯑꯣꯢꯕ ꯁꯥꯢꯑꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫
thumb|ꯅꯔꯁꯤꯡꯍ
ꯅꯔꯁꯤꯝꯍꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯕꯤꯁ꯭ꯅꯨꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯡꯍꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯇꯥꯔ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯅꯩ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯡꯍꯒꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯞ ꯂꯩ; ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯍꯂꯥꯗ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯃꯆꯥ ꯑꯃꯕꯨ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯤꯔꯟꯌꯥꯀꯥꯁꯤꯄꯨ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯑꯃꯕꯨ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯧꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯠꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯍꯥꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯆꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯈꯤꯗꯦ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯠꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ, ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ, ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ, ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯤꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯌ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯠꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ; ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯃꯤꯄꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ, ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯗꯒꯤꯁꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯈꯛꯇꯥ ꯈꯨꯔꯨꯃꯖꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯝꯃꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯍꯂꯥꯗꯅꯥ ꯕꯤꯁ꯭ꯅꯨꯕꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯖꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯕꯨꯡꯕꯨ ꯈꯨꯔꯨꯃꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯕꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯈꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯍ꯭ꯂꯥꯗꯥ ꯆꯩꯔꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯈꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯃꯆꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯕꯤꯁ꯭ꯅꯨꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯅꯕꯤꯈꯤ; ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯤꯔꯟꯌꯥꯀꯥꯁꯤꯄꯨꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯍ꯭ꯂꯥꯗꯥꯗꯥ ꯕꯤꯁ꯭ꯅꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯪꯈꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯍ꯭ꯂꯥꯗꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯖꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯀꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯕꯤꯁ꯭ꯅꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ, ꯃꯅꯥꯛ ꯅꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯃꯊꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯉꯍꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯅꯔꯁꯁꯤꯝꯍꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯔꯀꯈꯤ, ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ; ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯔꯁꯤꯝꯍꯥꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯕꯨ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡꯋꯥꯏꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯨꯡꯂꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡꯋꯥꯏꯔꯝ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ, ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯉꯅꯥꯑꯣꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯈꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯀꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯃꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯂꯦ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯤꯌꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯣꯏꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯈꯣꯉꯎꯞ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯍꯥꯠꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯊꯧꯖꯥꯂꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯏꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯒꯤ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯅꯈꯤ; ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯔꯥꯁꯤꯝꯍꯥꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯀꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯊꯋꯥꯏ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯍ꯭ꯂꯥꯗꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯔꯊꯅꯥꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯂꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯔꯁꯤꯝꯍꯒꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯈꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯟꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯍꯅꯈꯤ, ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯚꯛꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯆꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯜꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ; ꯅꯔꯁꯤꯝꯍꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯣꯟ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯔꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯥ, ꯑꯐꯕꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ, ꯁꯛꯇꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯆꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯌꯥꯜꯂꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯥ; ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯇꯥꯀꯏ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯏꯄꯨꯔꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯀꯆꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ, ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ; ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯅꯔꯁꯤꯝꯍꯥꯕꯨ ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯉꯥꯀꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯏꯀꯥꯌ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯩ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯍꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ, ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯀꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯆꯤꯉꯨ ꯈꯣꯌꯨꯝ ꯂꯥꯢꯌꯥꯝꯁꯤꯡ
ꯅꯔꯦꯟꯗ꯭ꯔ ꯃꯣꯗꯤ

**ꯅꯔꯦꯟꯗ꯭ꯔ ꯃꯣꯗꯤ** () ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯀꯤ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯁꯦꯂꯨꯡꯕ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ (ꯄ꯭ꯔꯙꯥꯟ ꯃꯟꯇ꯭ꯔꯤ) ꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯅꯣꯉꯤꯟ

**ꯅꯣꯡꯉꯤꯟ** ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ **ꯅꯣꯡꯏꯟ** (Mrs. Hume's pheasant) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯎꯆꯦꯛꯅꯤ, ꯃꯨꯠꯁꯤꯜꯂꯛꯂꯕ ꯎꯆꯦꯛ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ

**ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟꯗ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯇꯣꯏꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯱ꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇ ꯱ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯨ ꯇꯥꯛꯄ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕ ꯊꯣꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯕ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯀꯨꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯛꯂꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯅꯤ **ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ *ꯅꯠ*+*ꯇꯥ* + *ꯂꯥ* +*ꯀꯥ* = *ꯅꯠꯇꯥꯂꯥꯀꯥ* ꯈꯣꯜꯍꯥꯏꯗꯣꯛ ꯴ ꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯅꯤ ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅ ꯇꯞ ꯇꯞꯅ ꯊꯩꯊꯔꯛꯂꯒ *ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ* ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯛꯈꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ
ꯅꯟꯗ ꯕꯥꯕꯥ

**ꯅꯟꯗ ꯕꯥꯕꯥ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Nanda Baba) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯗꯚ ꯀꯤ ꯒꯣꯄ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯜꯂꯥꯛꯄꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯅꯟꯗ ꯕꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯚꯒꯕꯥꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯁ꯭ꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒꯣꯀꯨꯜ ꯈꯨꯉ꯭ꯒꯪꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯅꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ, ꯄꯨꯀꯆꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯕꯛ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯖꯈꯤ꯫ ꯅꯟꯗ ꯕꯥꯕꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯨꯡ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯟ-ꯏꯔꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯟ-ꯏꯔꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯟꯅꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯕꯥ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯖꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯁ꯭ꯅꯒꯤ ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯅꯟꯗ ꯕꯥꯕꯥꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯁ꯭ꯅꯕꯨ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯖꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯣꯀꯈꯠꯈꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ, ꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯕꯤ ꯌꯁꯣꯗꯥꯕꯨꯁꯨ ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯁ꯭ꯅꯕꯨ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯣꯌ-ꯑꯉꯥꯝ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯃꯤꯟꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯅꯟꯗ ꯕꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯂꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯈꯉꯅꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯈꯨꯉ꯭ꯒꯪꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯂꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯈꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡ-ꯂꯃꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯔꯊꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯔꯨꯃꯖꯕꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯈꯤ꯫ ꯅꯟꯗ ꯕꯥꯕꯥꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯛꯇꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯅꯤ, ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯨꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯀꯆꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯕꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯁ꯭ꯅꯕꯨ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ ꯑꯄꯟ ꯅꯪꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯀꯥꯃꯁꯥꯗꯒꯤꯁꯨ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ꯫ ꯅꯟꯗ ꯕꯥꯕꯥꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯁ꯭ꯅꯕꯨ ꯑꯁꯣꯌ-ꯑꯉꯥꯝ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯪꯁꯤꯅꯈꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ꯫ ꯁꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯗꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯖꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯉ꯭ꯒꯪ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯀꯄꯨꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯤꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯅꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯒꯣꯀꯨꯂꯕꯨ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯅꯟꯗ ꯕꯥꯕꯥꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯁ꯭ꯅꯕꯨ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯃꯥ-ꯃꯄꯥꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯁ꯭ꯅꯕꯨ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ, ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯕꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯅꯕꯥ, ꯏꯁꯩ ꯁꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯊꯧꯒꯠꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯉ꯭ꯒꯪꯒꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯠꯅ-ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯈꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯗꯥ ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯟꯅꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ꯫ ꯅꯟꯗ ꯕꯥꯕꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤ; ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯔꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯉꯥꯏꯐꯗꯕꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯄꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯀꯆꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ, ꯀꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯗꯥ ꯊꯋꯥꯌ ꯀꯠꯄꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯔꯝꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯂꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯅꯟꯗ ꯕꯥꯕꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯕꯨ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ, ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ, ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯁꯩꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯁ꯭ꯅꯗꯥ ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ, ꯁꯦꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯃꯥ-ꯃꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ, ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯂꯨꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ, ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯏ꯫ ꯅꯟꯗ ꯕꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯀꯂꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯖꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ, ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯀꯆꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ, ꯚꯛꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯏꯊꯤꯜ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫
thumb|ꯅꯟꯗ ꯕꯥꯕꯥ

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
* ꯌꯁꯣꯗꯥ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯆꯤꯉꯨ ꯈꯣꯌꯨꯝ ꯂꯥꯢꯌꯥꯝꯁꯤꯡ
ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯝꯕꯔ

**ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯝꯕꯔ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯊꯄꯥꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯱꯱ꯁꯨꯕ ꯊꯥ ꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯊꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯳꯰ ꯅꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯏ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ

## ꯋꯥꯄꯣꯛꯂꯣꯟ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯊꯥ ꯱꯲