open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
ꯏꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯤ ꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ

**ꯏꯁꯂꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Islamic mythology) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯁꯂꯥꯝ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯀꯨꯔꯥꯟꯒ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯂꯥꯢꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨꯜꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯏꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯨꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯀꯨꯔꯑꯥꯅꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ, ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯃꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ, ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯄꯨ, ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯒꯗꯨꯠ, ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ, ꯖꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯅꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ꯫ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯨꯁꯂꯃꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯩ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯑꯜꯂꯥꯍꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯤꯌꯥ, ꯄ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯊꯤꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯤꯕ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤ꯫ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯗꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯜꯂꯥꯍꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯄꯤꯕꯤꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯏꯚ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯍꯥꯑꯣꯋꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯗꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯩꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯉꯥꯂꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯒꯗꯨꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯃꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯜꯂꯥꯍꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯊꯪ ꯉꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯅꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯖꯦꯜ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯖꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯩꯈꯨ ꯆꯦꯟꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯖꯤꯟ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯁꯩꯇꯥꯟ, ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯕꯂꯤꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯜꯂꯥꯍꯒꯤ ꯋꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯕꯨ ꯂꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯅꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡꯕꯤꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯜꯂꯥꯍꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯖꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯧꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯨꯍꯝꯃꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯅꯕꯤꯅꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯅꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯥꯗꯝ, ꯅꯣꯍꯥ, ꯑꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯍꯥꯝ, ꯃꯧꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ, ꯑꯁꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯃꯆꯠ-ꯁꯥꯖꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯑꯉꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯁꯃꯨꯗ꯭ꯔꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ, ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯆꯥꯎꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯥꯟꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯐꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯗꯥ ꯖꯟꯅꯠ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯒꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯍꯥꯅꯝ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯣꯀꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯒ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁꯥꯟꯇꯤ, ꯐꯖꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯣꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯆꯩꯔꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯨꯔꯑꯥꯅꯗꯥ ꯑꯇꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯄꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯨꯍꯝꯃꯗꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯏꯇꯣꯝ ꯖꯔꯅꯤ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯛꯀꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯖꯦꯔꯨꯁꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯆꯠꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯒꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯕꯨ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯃꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯪꯂꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯣꯔꯦꯜ ꯕꯤꯍꯦꯕꯤꯌꯔ, ꯄꯨꯀꯆꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ, ꯖꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯜꯂꯥꯍꯗꯥ ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ꯫ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯃꯥ-ꯃꯄꯥꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕꯥ, ꯇꯉꯥꯏꯐꯗꯕꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯈꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯅꯥ, ꯏꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯃꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯀꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ; ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯨꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯝ ꯈꯨꯟꯅꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯠ, ꯂꯤꯇꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯂꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ꯫ ꯀꯦꯂꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤ, ꯋꯥꯔꯤ, ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯣꯛ ꯇꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯈꯤ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯂꯆꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯛꯂꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯖꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯃꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯈꯉꯅꯅꯕꯥ, ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯔꯊ ꯄꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯔꯊꯅꯥ, ꯔꯣꯖꯥ, ꯊꯧꯖꯥꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯏꯊꯤꯜ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡ-ꯂꯃꯇꯥꯛꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ꯫ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ, ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯣꯔꯦꯜ ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ, ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯔꯤ, ꯋꯥꯄꯥꯎ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯔꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯒꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯨꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯂꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯐꯨ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
* ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯤ ꯂꯥꯢ ꯇꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯀꯣꯜ

**ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯀꯣꯜ** (ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯒꯣꯜ, ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯥꯀꯣꯜ, ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯥꯒꯣꯜ, ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯥꯀꯣꯟ, ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯥꯒꯣꯟ, ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯀꯣꯟ, ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯒꯣꯟ) (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Seahorse or Hippocampus) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯏꯔꯦꯟꯄꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯁꯀꯣꯜ ꯃꯥꯟꯕ ꯉꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯥꯢꯕꯤ

**ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯥꯢꯕꯤ (ꯖꯜꯄ꯭ꯔꯄꯥꯠ) (Water fall)** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯇꯨꯁꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯛꯄ ꯏꯆꯦꯜꯅ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯔꯛꯄ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃ ꯅꯤ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ
* ꯏꯔꯦꯟꯄꯨꯡ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯤ

**ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯤ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯃꯥꯢꯗ ꯇꯥꯎꯗꯨꯅ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯍꯤ ꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯈꯜ
# ꯍꯤꯅꯥꯎ
# ꯍꯤꯆꯥꯎ
## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯍꯤꯊꯥꯡꯐꯝ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯏꯁꯩ

**ꯏꯁꯩ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯁꯛꯄ ꯁꯩꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
* ꯑꯩꯅ ꯉꯥꯢꯔꯤ (ꯏꯁꯩ)

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯏꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯆꯠꯅꯔꯝꯕ ꯑꯥꯔꯕꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡ

**"ꯏꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯆꯠꯅꯔꯝꯕ ꯑꯥꯔꯕꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡ" (Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia)** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯢ ꯱꯰꯰ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯂꯥꯠꯄ ꯃꯈꯜꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯥꯔꯕꯀꯤ ꯂꯝꯂꯦꯟꯁꯤꯗ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯆꯠꯅꯔꯝꯢ꯫ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯢꯕ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒ ꯂꯣꯢꯅꯅ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡ ꯈꯔꯁꯨ ꯆꯠꯂꯝꯢ꯫
ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯢꯕ ꯂꯥꯢꯁꯤꯡꯗꯤ ꯍꯨꯕꯜ, ꯑꯜ-ꯂꯥꯠ, ꯑꯜ-ꯎꯓꯓꯥ, ꯃꯅꯥꯠ ꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯅꯤ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡ ꯂꯤꯆꯠ
ꯏꯁꯇꯔ ꯏꯊꯠ

**ꯏꯁꯇꯔ ꯏꯊꯠ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Easter Island) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯤꯂꯤ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯢꯔꯤꯕ ꯏꯊꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ 

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯏꯂꯥꯡꯕꯝ

**ꯏꯂꯥꯡꯕꯝ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯣꯏꯔꯥꯡ ꯁꯂꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯌꯨꯝꯅꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯆꯥ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯛꯂꯕꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
## ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡ
## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯋꯥꯍꯦꯡꯕꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ
ꯏꯂꯥꯢ ꯊꯄꯤ

**ꯏꯂꯥꯢ ꯊꯄꯤ** (**ꯏꯔꯥꯢ ꯊꯕꯤ**) (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ: ; ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯣꯔꯧ ꯄꯊꯥꯞꯀꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯇꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯞꯄ ꯲ꯁꯨꯕ ꯊꯄꯤꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯤꯌꯥꯗ ꯊꯥꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯛ ꯃꯊꯪꯗ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯢꯗꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯊꯄꯤꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯑꯄꯛꯉꯥ
ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯚꯦꯂꯦꯟꯠ ꯂꯤꯄꯨꯟ

**ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯚꯦꯂꯦꯟꯠ ꯂꯤꯄꯨꯟ** ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ **ꯑꯥꯌꯟꯅꯤꯛ ꯂꯤꯄꯨꯟ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Electrovalent bond or Ionic bond) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯁꯤꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯥꯌꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯅꯤꯒꯦꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯥꯌꯟ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯂꯤꯄꯨꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯏꯄꯨꯊꯧ ꯊꯥꯡꯆꯤꯡ

**ꯏꯄꯨꯊꯧ ꯊꯥꯡꯆꯤꯡ** (ꯏꯕꯨꯙꯧ ꯊꯥꯡꯖꯤꯡ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯂꯤꯄ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ (ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔ)ꯒꯤ ꯑꯂꯤꯄ ꯃꯣꯢꯂꯥꯡ (ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯣꯢꯔꯥꯡ)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯃꯤ ꯂꯥꯢ ꯇꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ (ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯃꯤ ꯂꯥꯢ ꯇꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ) ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡ (ꯁꯅꯥꯃꯍꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡ)ꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯌꯨꯝ ꯂꯥꯢ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯀꯦ ꯃꯣꯢꯂꯥꯡ (ꯀꯦꯒꯦ ꯃꯣꯢꯔꯥꯡ)ꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯄꯥꯛꯂꯕ ꯏꯄꯥꯛ ꯂꯣꯛꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯥꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯠꯄꯥꯟꯗ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯣꯢꯅ ꯄꯥꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯎꯃꯪ ꯂꯥꯢꯌꯥꯝꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫
ꯈꯥ ꯅꯣꯡꯆꯨꯞ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯃꯥꯢꯀꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯢ ꯊꯥꯡꯆꯤꯡꯅ ꯉꯥꯛ ꯁꯦꯜꯂꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯃꯥꯢꯀꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯀꯧꯄꯂꯨ (ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯅꯣꯡꯆꯨꯞ), ꯃꯥꯔꯖꯤꯡ (ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛ) ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯄꯨꯂꯦꯜ (ꯈꯥ ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛ)ꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯂꯥꯢ ꯊꯥꯡꯆꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯢꯕ ꯂꯥꯢꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯊꯥꯡꯖꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯢꯁꯪ (ꯊꯥꯡꯆꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯢꯁꯪ) ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯊꯥꯡꯖꯤꯡ ꯆꯤꯡ (ꯊꯥꯡꯆꯤꯡ ꯆꯤꯡ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯢꯅ ꯂꯧꯅꯩ ꯫

## ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯂꯣꯟ
## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

## ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯂꯪꯗꯥꯢꯁꯤꯡ

* Thangjing_English Wikisource
* Thangjing_archive.org
* Thangjing_e-pao.net
ꯏꯆꯦꯚꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ

**ꯏꯆꯦꯚꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯌꯥꯢ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥ, ꯃꯦꯛꯁꯤꯀꯣ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯈꯥ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯀꯪꯂꯥꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯄ ꯂꯩ ꯁꯥꯠꯄ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯤꯔꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ

File:Echeveria Blue Curl.jpg|Flowers of *Echeveria* ‘Blue Curl’
File:Echeveria 'Black Prince' - 20090226.jpg|*Echeveria* cv. ‘Black Prince’
File:Echeveria pulvinata smith.jpg| The flowers of *[[Echeveria pulvinata|E. pulvinata]]* are in bright yellowish orange color. 
(MHNT) Echeveria secunda.jpg|*Echeveria secunda* 
File: 黑王子的花序20190417202338.jpg | Echeveria ‘Black Prince’ . 2018 Taichung World Flora Exposition, Taiwan.
File:Succulent vertical wall.jpg|Sculptural quality of Echeveria on display

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯏꯇꯥꯂꯤ

**ꯏꯇꯥꯂꯤ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯌꯨꯔꯣꯞꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯱ꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
* ꯖꯔꯃꯅꯤ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯏꯇꯥꯂꯤ
ꯏꯉꯥ

**ꯏꯉꯥ (May-June)** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯂꯤꯌꯥꯐꯝ ꯄꯥꯜꯆꯥ ꯊꯥꯄꯥꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯢꯗꯥꯝ ꯊꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫
# ꯂꯩꯍꯥꯎ ꯀꯠꯄ - ꯏꯉꯥ ꯒꯤ ꯱꯳/꯱꯴ꯅꯤ ꯄꯥꯟꯕ
# ꯁꯅꯥꯃꯍꯤ ꯆꯦꯡ ꯍꯣꯡꯕ - ꯏꯉꯥ ꯒꯤ ꯱꯵ꯅꯤ ꯄꯥꯟꯕ
# ꯉꯝꯈꯩ ꯀꯟꯕ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ - ꯏꯉꯥ ꯒꯤ ꯲꯷ꯅꯤ ꯄꯥꯟꯕ
# ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯄꯨ ꯁꯥꯅ ꯐꯪꯕ - ꯏꯉꯥ ꯒꯤ ꯱꯴ꯅꯤ ꯄꯥꯟꯕ

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
*ꯏꯉꯦꯟ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯏꯊꯠ

**"ꯏꯊꯠ" (Island, Isle)** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯌꯥꯢꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯀꯪꯐꯥꯜꯒꯤ ꯂꯝ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
* ꯏꯊꯠ ꯃꯄꯩ
* ꯏꯊꯠ ꯃꯆꯥ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯏꯊꯠ ꯃꯄꯩ

**"ꯏꯊꯠ ꯃꯄꯩ" (ꯏꯊꯠ ꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨꯜ, ꯏꯊꯠ ꯄꯔꯦꯡ) (Archipelago, Island group, Island chain)** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯌꯥꯢꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯏꯊꯠ ꯃꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯏꯊꯠ ꯃꯄꯩ
ꯏꯊꯠ ꯃꯆꯥ

**"ꯏꯊꯠ ꯃꯆꯥ" (Islet)** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯌꯥꯢꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯏꯊꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯊꯣꯛ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅ ꯏꯊꯠ ꯃꯆꯥꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯈꯖꯤꯛꯇꯪ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯑꯃꯇ ꯍꯧꯗꯕ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯤ ꯈꯨꯟꯗꯥꯕ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯣꯢꯗꯕ ꯏꯊꯠꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
* ꯐꯨꯝꯗꯤ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯏꯊꯠ ꯃꯆꯥ
ꯏꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯝ

**ꯏꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯝ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯪ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯐꯦꯔꯃꯤꯌꯝ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯏꯎꯔꯣꯞ

**ꯏꯎꯔꯣꯞ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯍꯦꯃꯤꯁꯐꯤꯌꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯍꯤꯃꯤꯁꯐꯤꯌꯥꯔ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯀꯟꯇꯤꯅꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒ ꯁꯝꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ
* ꯏꯌꯨꯔꯣꯞꯀꯤ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯁꯤꯜ
* ꯏꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯑꯦꯟ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯑꯣꯟ
* The Columbia Gazetteer of the World Online Columbia University Press
* "ꯏꯌꯨꯔꯣꯞ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄ" ꯑꯄꯥꯛꯉꯥ ꯇꯒꯤ ꯂꯃꯀꯣꯏꯕ ꯂꯝꯖꯤꯡꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯋꯥꯔꯣꯜ

**ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕ ꯃꯦꯞꯁꯤꯡ**
* ꯏꯌꯨꯔꯣꯞꯀꯤ ꯳꯰꯰꯰ ꯕꯤꯁꯤ ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯩꯖꯤꯛꯐꯥꯎꯕ GeaCron747702 Borders Geacron Historical atlas
* Online history of Europe in 21 maps

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ
ꯏꯌꯨꯀꯥꯔꯤꯌꯣꯠ

ꯏꯌꯨꯀꯥꯔꯤꯌꯣꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯌꯁꯇꯨ ꯀꯨꯔꯥꯡꯕꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯀꯨꯝꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯃꯈꯜꯒꯤ ꯊꯋꯥꯢ ꯄꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯄꯛꯃꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯨꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯏꯎꯔꯣꯞꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ

ꯏꯌꯨꯔꯣꯞꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯣ-ꯏꯌꯨꯔꯣꯞꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯆꯟꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯷꯴꯴ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯑꯣꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ (꯲꯰꯱꯸) ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯏꯟꯗꯣ-ꯏꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯗꯥ ꯹꯴% ꯅꯤ ꯫
ꯏꯌꯨꯔꯣꯞꯇꯥ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯵ ꯃꯨꯛ ꯂꯩ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯑꯣꯟ ꯵꯰ ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯕ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯅꯕ, ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ, ꯏꯇꯥꯂꯤꯌꯥꯟ, ꯖꯔꯃꯟ, ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯨꯁꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯫
ꯏꯌꯨꯔꯣꯞꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯈꯨꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯃꯤ(ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯑꯣꯟ ꯱꯰꯰ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯏꯌꯨꯔꯣꯞꯇꯥ ꯂꯩ) ꯫

## '''ꯏꯌꯨꯔꯣꯞꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ'''
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯤꯡꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯦꯁꯑꯣ ꯶꯳꯹ ꯀꯣꯗ ꯂꯩꯔꯕ ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯄꯗꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞ ꯈꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯉꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯌꯥꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ
ꯏꯌꯨꯀꯦꯔꯥꯢꯌꯣꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯦꯜ

**ꯏꯌꯨꯀꯦꯔꯥꯢꯌꯣꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯦꯜ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯨꯔꯥꯡꯕꯥꯟ (ꯃꯀꯨ) ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯃꯈꯜꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯜꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯁꯦꯜ ꯃꯈꯜ
ꯏꯖꯤꯞ

**ꯏꯖꯤꯞ** (ꯏꯖꯤꯞꯠ) ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ **ꯏꯓꯤꯞ** (ꯏꯓꯤꯞꯠ) ( , ), ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯡꯂꯦꯟꯗ **ꯃꯅꯤꯡꯇꯝꯕ ꯑꯥꯔꯕ ꯀꯤ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯏꯖꯤꯞ**, ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯅꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯕ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯖꯤꯞ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒꯖꯥ ꯄꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯏꯖ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ (ꯏꯁ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ) ꯅ ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛꯇ ꯌꯨꯝꯂꯣꯟꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯥꯕꯥꯒꯤ ꯏꯔꯦꯟꯄꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯏꯔꯦꯟꯄꯨꯡ ꯅ ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛꯇ ꯌꯨꯝꯂꯣꯟꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯗꯅ ꯁꯨꯗꯥꯟꯒ, ꯅꯣꯡꯆꯨꯞ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯗꯅ ꯂꯤꯕꯤꯌꯥꯒ ꯌꯨꯝꯂꯣꯟꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯗꯅ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯇꯔꯔꯦꯅꯤꯌꯟ ꯏꯔꯦꯟꯄꯨꯡ ꯅ ꯌꯨꯝꯂꯣꯟꯅꯩ ꯫  

ꯏꯖꯤꯞ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯡꯅ ꯂꯩꯔꯛꯂꯕ ꯂꯝꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯶-꯴ ꯕꯤ.ꯁꯤ. ꯆꯈꯠꯄꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯅ ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯗ ꯈꯨꯟꯊꯣꯛꯂꯝ ꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ (cradle of civilisation) ꯍꯥꯢꯅꯁꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯑꯂꯤꯄ ꯏꯖꯤꯞꯅ ꯉꯜꯂꯤꯉꯩꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯅ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯉꯥꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅ ꯐꯪꯂꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯕ, ꯂꯧꯎ-ꯁꯤꯡꯎ, ꯃꯌꯣꯜꯂꯝ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯄ, ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇꯥꯕ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯀꯤ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯖꯅ ꯊꯝꯕꯗ ꯑꯣꯢ ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯄꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯏꯖꯤꯞ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡ ꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯁꯤꯡ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ
## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ
ꯏꯔꯣꯝꯕ

**ꯏꯔꯣꯝꯕ** (ꯔꯣꯃꯥꯟ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ: Eromba) ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯏꯟꯁꯥꯡ ꯃꯊꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯊꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯗ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯆꯪꯕ ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗꯤ ꯉꯥꯔꯤ, ꯃꯣꯔꯣꯛ, ꯊꯨꯝ, ꯑꯂꯨ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕ ꯫

## ꯃꯤꯔꯦꯜ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯏꯔꯥꯛ

**ꯏꯔꯥꯛ (, ꯀꯔꯗ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ:"عراق")** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯌꯥꯢ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯝꯂꯦꯟꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯅꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯕ ꯑꯥꯔꯕ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯌꯥ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ
ꯏꯔꯦꯡꯕꯝ

**ꯏꯔꯦꯡꯕꯝ** ꯁꯤ ꯏꯝꯐꯥꯜꯗꯒꯤ ꯱꯸ Km ꯃꯨꯛ ꯂꯥꯞꯅ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯂꯝꯗꯝꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

## ꯏꯔꯦꯡꯕꯝ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯏꯕꯣꯌꯥꯢꯃ ꯈꯨꯃꯟ

**ꯏꯕꯣꯌꯥꯢꯃ ꯈꯨꯃꯟ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯨꯃꯥꯡ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯅꯥꯢꯔꯕ ꯁꯛꯇꯝ ꯂꯥꯡꯕ ꯁꯤꯟꯂꯣꯢ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯏꯔꯦꯟꯄꯨꯡ

**ꯏꯔꯦꯟꯄꯨꯡ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Ocean)  ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯏꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯕꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯄꯨ ꯀꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯥꯦꯂꯝꯁꯤꯗ ꯏꯔꯦꯟꯄꯨꯡ ꯵ ꯂꯩ ꯃꯃꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯨꯗꯤ
*ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯏꯔꯦꯟꯄꯨꯡ
*ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯏꯔꯦꯟꯄꯨꯡ
*ꯈꯥꯊꯪꯕ ꯏꯔꯦꯟꯄꯨꯡ
*ꯑꯠꯂꯥꯟꯇꯤꯛ ꯏꯔꯦꯟꯄꯨꯡ
*ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯛ ꯏꯔꯦꯟꯄꯨꯡ

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯎ
* ꯏꯊꯠ
* ꯏꯄꯥꯛ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ
ꯏꯕꯗ ꯆꯪꯕ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ

**ꯏꯕꯗ ꯆꯪꯕ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯱ ꯆꯦꯗ, ꯀꯝꯄꯨꯇꯔꯅ ꯅꯝꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯆꯪꯏ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯏꯟꯗꯣꯅꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥ

**ꯏꯟꯗꯣꯅꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯅꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯕ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ

ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯉꯩꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯅ ꯏꯟꯗꯣꯅꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯂꯝꯗꯝꯒ ꯂꯂꯣꯟ ꯏꯇꯤꯛ ꯀꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯊꯧꯗꯥ ꯀꯌꯥꯃꯔꯨꯝ ꯇꯧꯔꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯂꯩ꯫

## ꯂꯝꯃꯤꯠ ꯇꯨꯃꯤꯠ

ꯏꯟꯗꯣꯅꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥꯗ ꯆꯤꯡꯖꯥꯎ ꯀꯌꯥꯃꯔꯨꯝ ꯂꯩ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ
ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯝ

**ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯝ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯪ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
*ꯃꯦꯟꯗꯦꯂꯦꯚꯤꯌꯝ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟ
ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ

ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ, ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯔꯤꯄꯕ꯭ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ,[j][20] ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯥ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯇꯔꯦꯠ ꯁꯨꯕ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛꯅꯤ; ꯲꯰꯲꯳ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯅ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯕ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ; [21] ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ, ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯴꯷ꯇ ꯅꯤꯡꯇꯝꯕ ꯐꯪꯂꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ, ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯕ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ ꯫ [22][23][24] ꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯗ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯑꯣꯁꯤꯟ, ꯈꯥ-ꯅꯣꯡꯆꯨꯞꯇ ꯑꯔꯥꯕꯤꯌꯟ ꯁꯃꯨꯗ꯭ꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯥ-ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛ ꯊꯪꯕꯗ ꯕꯦ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯜꯅ ꯀꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯅꯣꯡꯆꯨꯞ ꯊꯪꯕꯗ ꯄꯥꯀꯤꯁꯇꯥꯟꯒ ꯀꯪꯐꯥꯜꯒꯤ ꯉꯝꯈꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯟꯅꯔꯤ; [k] ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯊꯪꯕꯗ ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥ, ꯅꯦꯄꯥꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯨꯇꯥꯟ; ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛꯂꯣꯝꯗ ꯕꯪꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯗꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃ꯭ꯌꯥꯟꯃꯥꯔ꯫ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯑꯣꯁꯤꯟꯗ, ꯚꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯔꯤꯂꯪꯀꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯜꯗꯤꯚꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇ ꯂꯩ; ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯟꯗꯃꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯤꯀꯣꯕꯔ ꯏꯊꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃ꯭ꯌꯥꯟꯃꯥꯔ, ꯊꯥꯏꯂꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯗꯣꯅꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥꯒꯁꯃꯨꯗ꯭ꯔꯒꯤ ꯉꯝꯈꯩ ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯃꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫

ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯵꯵,꯰꯰꯰ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯑꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯁꯕꯀꯟꯇꯤꯅꯦꯟꯠꯇ ꯂꯥꯛꯈꯤ꯫ [26][27][28] ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯡꯂꯕ ꯁꯤꯟꯐꯝ, ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯁꯥꯗꯥꯟꯕ-ꯄꯣꯠ ꯈꯣꯝꯖꯤꯟꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯅ ꯂꯩꯕꯅ, ꯂꯝꯗꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯇꯣꯞ ꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯦ꯫ [29] ꯆꯍꯤ ꯹,꯰꯰꯰ꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ ꯇꯥꯐꯝꯒꯤ ꯅꯣꯡꯆꯨꯞ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯩꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯁꯕꯀꯟꯇꯤꯅꯦꯟꯠꯇ ꯈꯨꯟꯗꯥ-ꯂꯩꯇꯥꯕ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯛꯈꯤ, ꯇꯞꯅ ꯇꯞꯅ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯁꯨꯕ ꯕꯤ.ꯁꯤ.ꯏ. ꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ ꯚꯦꯂꯤ ꯁꯤꯚꯤꯂꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ [30] ꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡ ꯱꯲꯰꯰ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯗ, ꯏꯟꯗꯣ-ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯞꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯁꯪꯁ꯭ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡ-ꯅꯣꯡꯆꯨꯞꯇꯒꯤ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯇ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ꯫ [31][32] ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯣꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯇ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯉꯜꯂꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯑꯉꯟꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯦꯖꯟꯈꯤ꯫ [33] ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯕ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯕꯤꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯂꯝꯗꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤ ꯫ [34] ꯴꯰꯰ ꯕꯤ.ꯁꯤ.ꯏ. ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯗ, ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯙꯔꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯊꯣꯔꯛꯈꯤ,[35] ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯨꯗꯗꯤꯖꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯦꯅꯤꯖꯝ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯛꯈꯤ, ꯃꯄꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯪꯊꯔꯛꯄꯒ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯗꯕ ꯈꯨꯟꯅꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯌꯥꯊꯪꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ
ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯅ ꯁꯛꯈꯪꯂꯕ ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ

## ꯈꯟꯒꯠꯂꯕ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ
꯸ꯁꯨꯕ ꯁꯦꯗꯨꯜꯗ ꯆꯟꯂꯕ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯲꯲ ꯁꯤꯡꯗꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ
ꯏꯝꯐꯥꯜ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ

**ꯏꯝꯐꯥꯜ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯇꯝꯄꯥꯛꯇ ꯆꯦꯟꯕ ꯈꯨꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯡꯕ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯧꯕꯔꯨ ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯥꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒ ꯏꯝꯐꯥꯜ, ꯁꯨꯒꯅꯨ ꯐꯥꯎꯔꯒ ꯑꯋꯥ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯌꯧꯅ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯈꯤꯕ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯌꯟ ꯇꯦꯔꯤꯇꯣꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ

ꯃꯁꯤꯗ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ (ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯃꯆꯥ ꯈꯥꯢꯄ) ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯄꯔꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯏꯟꯗ꯭ꯔ

ꯏꯟꯗ꯭ꯔ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯢ ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯁꯤ ꯁꯃꯨ ꯑꯉꯧꯕ ꯑꯩꯔꯥꯚꯠꯄꯨ ꯈꯣꯡꯅꯦꯠ ꯁꯥ ꯑꯣꯢꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫

ꯏꯟꯗ꯭ꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯒꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯈꯨꯔꯨꯃꯖꯩ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯕꯨ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯏꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯨ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯡꯖꯨ-ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯣꯡꯂꯩ-ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯇꯥ ꯅꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯔꯣꯡ ꯊꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯅꯣꯡꯖꯨꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯏꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯗꯥ ꯊꯧꯅꯤꯖꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯕꯇꯥ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯂꯤꯐꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯏꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯅꯥ ꯕꯖ꯭ꯔ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯄꯨꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯗꯥꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯕꯨ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯗ꯭ꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯏꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯠꯔ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯈꯤ꯫ ꯏꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯣꯉꯅꯥꯑꯣ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯠꯔꯕꯨ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯊꯤꯕꯤꯗꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯉꯥꯀꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯛ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯔꯤꯕꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯏꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯡꯂꯩ-ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ, ꯅꯣꯡꯂꯩ-ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ, ꯅꯣꯡꯂꯩ-ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯡꯂꯩ-ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯩ꯫ ꯂꯧꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ, ꯂꯃꯀꯣꯌꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯉꯥꯀꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯥꯏꯐ-ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ ꯐꯪꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯔꯨꯃꯖꯩ꯫ ꯏꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯒꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯐꯖꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯒ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯒꯗꯥ ꯕꯥꯒꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯖꯨꯌꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯦꯕꯥ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯏꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯒꯤꯁꯨ ꯅꯣꯡꯂꯩ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯇꯥ ꯔꯥꯖꯃꯍꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯔꯤ, ꯏꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯊꯧꯖꯥꯜ ꯄꯤꯕꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯏꯟꯗ꯭ꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯆꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯀꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯌꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯤ꯫ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯧꯅꯥ, ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯏꯟꯗ꯭ꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯦꯗꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯁꯨ ꯄꯅꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯏꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ, ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯂꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯊꯥꯒꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯏꯀꯥꯌ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯧꯖꯥꯜ ꯄꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯔꯊꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯁꯩ ꯁꯀꯏ꯫ ꯏꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯕꯨ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯨꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯥꯂꯄꯆꯥꯔꯗꯥ ꯏꯟꯗ꯭ꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯂꯤꯐꯦꯟꯇ ꯊꯧꯕꯥ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯋꯥꯌ ꯊꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯨꯃꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯡꯖꯨ-ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯥ, ꯅꯣꯡꯖꯨ-ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯩꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯡꯖꯨ-ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯀꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯅꯤ꯫ ꯉꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯨ ꯏꯀꯥꯌ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯩ꯫ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯗꯚꯦꯟꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯤꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯏꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯗꯥꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯕꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯗꯥ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯊꯝꯕꯗꯁꯨ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ, ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯔꯤꯞꯔꯖꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ꯫ ꯏꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯉꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ, ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯉꯏ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯊꯧꯅꯥ, ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯊꯤꯕꯤꯕꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯏꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯅꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯕꯨ ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ, ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯃꯍꯥꯚꯥꯔꯠꯇ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯁꯛꯇꯝ
ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯆꯤꯉꯨ ꯈꯣꯌꯨꯝ ꯂꯥꯢꯌꯥꯝꯁꯤꯡ
ꯏꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯖꯤꯠ

**ꯏꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯖꯤꯠ** (ꯃꯦꯘꯅꯥꯗ) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯔꯥꯃꯥꯌꯟꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯔꯥꯕꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯤꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯏꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯨ ꯃꯥꯢꯊꯤꯕ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯉꯝꯢ ꯍꯥꯢꯕꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯖꯤꯠ ꯍꯥꯢꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯂꯣꯟ

**ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ** ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ-ꯁꯟꯅ ꯉꯥꯡꯅꯕ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯆꯟꯂꯤ, ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯪꯂꯦꯟ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯔꯛꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯐꯥꯎꯅ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯏꯪꯂꯦꯟ

**ꯏꯪꯂꯦꯟ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯌꯨꯔꯣꯞꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯱ꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯨꯅꯥꯢꯇꯦꯗ ꯀꯤꯡꯗꯝꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
*ꯈꯣꯌꯨꯝꯅ ꯂꯩꯃꯄꯨ ꯀꯜꯂꯦ
*ꯏꯌꯨꯔꯣꯞ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯃꯅꯤꯡꯇꯝꯕ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ
ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ
ꯐ

**ꯐ** ( **ꯐꯝ** ) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ ꯏꯕꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯀꯤ ꯱꯷ꯁꯨꯕ ꯃꯄꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯇ ꯃꯄꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯃꯄꯨꯝ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯄꯨꯟꯅ ꯲꯷ ꯁꯨꯏ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
ꯋꯥꯀꯣꯛꯂꯣꯟ ꯍꯤꯂꯦꯜ ꯊꯤꯂꯦꯜ ꯁꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯥꯏꯂꯣꯟ ꯄꯨꯀꯣꯛ ꯄꯨꯌꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯀꯣꯛ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯁꯤ ꯃꯂꯤꯌꯥꯐꯝ ꯄꯥꯜꯆꯥ ꯱ ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯛꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯌꯥꯡ ꯍꯤꯔꯜ ꯂꯩꯖꯩ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ
ꯐꯃꯨꯡ

**ꯐꯃꯨꯡ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯥ ꯇꯨꯝꯕ ꯍꯤꯞꯄꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯥꯐꯝ ꯇꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ
ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭꯭꯭ꯇꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯑꯣꯟ ꯇꯦꯔꯤꯇꯣꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ

**ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭꯭꯭ꯇꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯑꯣꯟ ꯇꯦꯔꯤꯇꯣꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ

## ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ

## ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒ ꯁꯝꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ
*Official Government of India website: States and Union Territories
ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯄ ꯊꯧ

**ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯄ ꯊꯧ** (ꯑꯥꯏ•ꯑꯦ•ꯑꯦꯁ)  ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯊꯧ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯐꯗꯤꯒꯣꯝ

**"ꯐꯗꯤꯒꯣꯝ" (ꯐꯇꯤꯀꯣꯝ)** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯁꯥꯡ ꯊꯣꯡꯕꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯎ ꯃꯅꯝ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕ ꯍꯥꯞꯅꯕ ꯃꯔꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯅꯤ ꯫ 

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
#ꯆꯨ
#ꯑꯥꯂꯨ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯐꯝꯄꯤ

**ꯐꯝꯄꯤ (ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯃꯔꯨ, ꯂꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯤꯛ, ꯂꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯌꯦꯜ**; ) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯊꯋꯥꯢ ꯄꯥꯟꯕ ꯂꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯇꯥꯢꯕꯪ ꯃꯔꯨꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯥ (ꯂꯥꯕ)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯤ ()ꯇꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯛꯏ ꯫ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯝꯄꯤ ꯆꯠꯄ () ꯀꯧꯏ ꯫ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯨ ꯅꯥꯕ (), ꯊꯨꯟꯗ ꯅꯥꯕ (), ꯅꯥꯕꯤ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕ () ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯑꯆꯣꯠꯄ ꯃꯪ () ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯊꯣꯛꯏ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯐꯝꯄꯤ ꯆꯠꯄ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯐꯝꯄꯤ ꯆꯠꯄ

**ꯐꯝꯄꯤ ꯆꯠꯄ** (Ejaculation) ꯍꯥꯢꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯋꯥꯢ ꯄꯥꯟꯕ ꯂꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯄꯣꯛ ꯀꯌꯥꯠ () ꯑꯣꯢꯔꯤꯕ ꯇꯤ ()ꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯝꯄꯤ () ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯜꯂꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯅꯨꯄꯥ (ꯂꯥꯕ) ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯄꯥ-ꯄꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯢꯕ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯐꯥꯎꯔꯛꯄꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯢꯒꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ 
ꯐꯝꯄꯤ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯨ ꯅꯥꯕ (), ꯊꯨꯟꯗ ꯅꯥꯕ (), ꯅꯥꯕꯤ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕ () ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯑꯆꯣꯠꯄ ꯃꯪ ()ꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯏ ꯫

## ꯃꯤꯔꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ
ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯎꯠꯆꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯤꯔꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯀꯨꯞꯊꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯇꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

꯱꯫ 
꯲꯫ 
꯳꯫ 
꯴꯫ 

## ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ
ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯀꯨꯞꯊꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ ꯃꯇꯦꯛ ꯈꯔ ꯄꯤꯖꯔꯤ:
### ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ ꯃꯇꯦꯛ ꯈꯔ
꯱꯫ 

**ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯒꯤ ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯝꯄꯤ ꯆꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ ꯃꯇꯦꯛ ꯑꯃ꯫**

꯲꯫ 
**ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯒꯤ ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯝꯄꯤ ꯆꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯲ꯁꯨꯕ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ ꯃꯇꯦꯛ ꯑꯃ꯫**

### ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ ꯑꯁꯥꯡꯕ

ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯒꯤ ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯄꯣꯠ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯐꯝꯄꯤ ꯆꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ ꯃꯇꯦꯛ ꯃꯇꯦꯛ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯐꯟꯖꯥꯏ (ꯀꯣꯛꯐꯥꯏ-ꯁꯨꯖꯥ)

ꯐꯟꯖꯥꯢ (ꯀꯣꯛꯐꯥꯏ-ꯁꯨꯖꯥ) ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯐꯪꯒꯁ (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ:Fungi or Fungus) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯤꯡꯕ ꯊꯋꯥꯢ ꯑꯄꯛꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯩꯅꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯢ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯁꯥꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ ꯍꯥꯢꯅ ꯂꯧꯢ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯐꯤꯂꯤꯞꯄꯤꯟꯁ

**ꯐꯤꯂꯤꯞꯄꯤꯟꯁ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: **Philippines**) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯅꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯕ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯅꯤꯂꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯂꯃꯗꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯅꯨꯡꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯋꯥꯔ ꯀꯤꯂꯣꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯳,꯰꯰,꯰꯰꯰ ꯅꯤ, ꯀꯪꯐꯥꯜꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯗ ꯹꯹.꯴꯹% ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯏꯔꯩ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ ꯫ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯊꯠ ꯷꯶꯴꯱ꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ ꯫ 

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯐꯤꯖꯝ

**ꯐꯤꯖꯝ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯥꯉꯥꯟꯄ ꯁꯂꯥꯢꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯆꯥ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯈꯨꯟꯗꯥꯡꯕꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ
ꯐꯤꯟꯂꯦꯟ

**ꯐꯤꯟꯂꯦꯟ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯏꯎꯔꯣꯞꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯅꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯕ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ
ꯐꯥꯢꯂꯦꯜ

**ꯐꯥꯢꯂꯦꯜ** (ꯐꯥꯢꯂꯦꯟ, ꯐꯥꯢꯔꯦꯜ, ꯐꯥꯢꯔꯦꯟ, January-February) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯂꯤꯌꯥꯐꯝ ꯄꯥꯜꯆꯥ ꯊꯥꯄꯥꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯢꯗꯥꯝ ꯊꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫
ꯊꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯢꯕ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗꯤ:-
# ꯃꯍꯩꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ ꯏꯔꯥꯠꯄ - ꯐꯥꯢꯂꯦꯜ ꯒꯤ ꯵ꯅꯤ ꯄꯥꯟꯕ
# ꯐꯥꯢꯂꯦꯜ ꯂꯧꯇꯥꯕ - ꯐꯥꯢꯂꯦꯜ ꯒꯤ ꯵ꯅꯤ ꯄꯥꯟꯕ
# ꯆꯤꯉꯨ ꯄꯥꯡꯀꯜꯄ ꯈꯨꯔꯨꯝꯕ - ꯐꯥꯢꯂꯦꯜ ꯒꯤ ꯲꯹ꯅꯤ ꯄꯥꯟꯕ

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯐꯥꯢꯔꯦꯟꯖꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ

ꯐꯥꯢꯔꯦꯟꯖꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯆꯥ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯅꯤ꯫
## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯌꯨꯝꯈꯥꯢꯕꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ
* ꯂꯤꯁꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ
ꯐꯦꯕꯔꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ

**ꯐꯦꯕꯔꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯊꯄꯥꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯲ꯁꯨꯕ ꯊꯥ ꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯐꯦꯕꯔꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯊꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯲꯸ ꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯏ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ

## ꯋꯥꯄꯣꯛꯂꯣꯟ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯊꯥ ꯱꯲
ꯐꯧꯁꯨ ꯏꯁꯩ

**ꯐꯧꯁꯨ ꯏꯁꯩ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯌꯦꯜꯍꯧꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯏꯁꯩ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯁꯩ ꯁꯩꯍꯦꯛ ꯁꯩꯁꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯧꯁꯨꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯑꯋꯥꯕ ꯀꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯍꯔꯥꯎꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯅ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯁꯨꯕꯗ ꯁꯛꯄ ꯏꯁꯩꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯂꯛꯄꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯈꯨꯜꯂꯪ ꯏꯁꯩ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯐꯤꯕꯧꯖꯝ

ꯐꯤꯕꯧꯖꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯆꯥ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯥꯒꯩꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯉꯩꯗ ꯐꯤ ꯐꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧ ꯇꯧꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯂꯨꯋꯥꯡꯁꯪꯕꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ
ꯐꯨꯝꯗꯤ

**"ꯐꯨꯝꯗꯤ" (Phumdi)** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯣꯛꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯥꯠ ꯈꯛꯇꯗ ꯐꯪꯕ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯌꯥꯢꯗ ꯇꯥꯎꯕ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯏꯊꯠ ꯃꯆꯥ ꯅꯤ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ
ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯤꯟ

**ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯤꯟ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: **fluorine**) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯪ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯹ꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯅ ꯱꯸.꯹꯹꯸꯴꯰꯳u ꯅꯤ ꯫ **F** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯅ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯥꯛꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯣꯔꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯅꯝꯕꯔ ꯹ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ, ꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯔ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯣꯔꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯂꯦ ꯌꯦꯜꯂꯣ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯏꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯅꯔꯦꯜ ꯁꯣꯔꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯣꯔꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯱꯵꯲꯹ꯗꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯣꯔꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯱꯸꯱꯰ꯗꯥ ꯏꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯄꯣꯖ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ꯫ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯂꯣꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯏꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯥꯎꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯨꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯔꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯁꯤꯈꯤ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯤꯈꯤ꯫ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ ꯑꯄꯟ ꯅꯪꯈꯤ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯍꯦꯅꯔꯤ ꯃꯣꯏꯁꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ ꯱꯸꯸꯶ꯇꯥ ꯂꯣ-ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯁ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯣꯔꯣꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯌꯣꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯣꯔꯣꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯅꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯣꯔꯤꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯌꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯕꯣꯂꯤꯛ ꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯉꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯃꯨꯗ꯭ꯔꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯟꯖꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯏꯖꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯣꯔꯣꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯟꯊꯦꯁꯤꯁ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯦꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ꯫
​

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯁꯜꯐꯔ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯤꯌꯝ

**ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯤꯌꯝ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯪ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯔꯨꯕꯤꯗꯤꯌꯝ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟ
ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯝ

**ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯔꯤꯛ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯝ** (ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯣꯕꯔ ꯱꯱, ꯱꯹꯰꯵ - ꯖꯨꯟ ꯲꯵, ꯱꯹꯹꯹) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯂꯣꯟ ꯏꯇꯤꯛ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯏꯐꯅꯕ ꯈꯟꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯗꯣꯅꯥꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯝ ꯑꯄꯣꯛꯄꯅꯤ, ꯴꯵ꯁꯨꯕ ꯌꯨꯑꯦꯁꯑꯦꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯔꯤꯌꯥꯅꯦ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯝ ꯕꯥꯔꯤ, ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯅꯥꯏꯇꯦꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠꯁ ꯀꯣ꯭ꯔꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯑꯥꯄꯤꯜꯁꯀꯤ, ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜꯂꯣꯏꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ
ꯑ

**ꯑ** ( **ꯑꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯥ** ) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ ꯏꯕꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯀꯤ ꯱꯸ꯁꯨꯕ ꯃꯄꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯇ ꯃꯄꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯃꯄꯨꯝ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯄꯨꯟꯅ ꯲꯷ ꯁꯨꯏ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
ꯋꯥꯀꯣꯛꯂꯣꯟ ꯍꯤꯂꯦꯜ ꯊꯤꯂꯦꯜ ꯁꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯥꯏꯂꯣꯟ ꯄꯨꯀꯣꯛ ꯄꯨꯌꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯀꯣꯛ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯁꯤ ꯃꯂꯤꯌꯥꯐꯝ ꯄꯥꯜꯆꯥ ꯱ ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯛꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯌꯥꯡ ꯍꯤꯔꯜ ꯂꯩꯖꯩ ꯫
## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯎ
* ꯑꯁꯤꯟ ꯃꯍꯤ
* ꯑꯀꯣꯡ ꯊꯤꯌꯥꯊꯧ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ
ꯑꯀꯣꯡ ꯊꯤꯌꯥꯊꯧ

**"ꯑꯀꯣꯡ ꯊꯤꯌꯥꯊꯧ"** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯩꯇꯤꯡꯉꯨ ꯃꯣꯡꯌꯥꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯢꯕ, ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯈꯥꯒꯦꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯍꯥꯛꯇꯛꯇ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯍꯤꯡꯈꯤ꯫

 **"ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯟꯁꯦꯟꯕꯤ ꯈꯥꯒꯦꯝꯕꯅ ꯏꯄꯥ ꯃꯩꯇꯤꯡꯉꯨ ꯁꯦꯜꯄꯤ ꯃꯨꯡꯌꯥꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯢꯕ ꯑꯀꯣꯡ ꯊꯤꯌꯥꯊꯧ ꯅꯪꯀ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯟ ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯈꯥꯄꯤ ꯊꯤꯌꯥꯊꯧ ꯑꯃꯥꯢ ꯏꯅꯥꯎꯌꯣꯛ ꯈꯣꯢꯃꯣꯝ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯝꯄꯨ ꯊꯦꯡꯀꯥ ꯃꯪꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯅꯕꯤꯡꯉꯥꯄꯨ ꯂꯥꯎꯑꯣ꯫"
- ꯁꯅꯥꯃꯍꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯍꯨꯏ, ꯳꯴꯫**
## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯎ
* ꯑꯀꯣ
ꯑꯀꯣ

**ꯑꯀꯣ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯩꯗꯤꯡꯉꯨ ꯅꯥꯎꯐꯪꯕꯒꯤ ꯍꯥꯛꯇꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯕ ꯐꯤꯁꯥꯍꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯇꯨꯕꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯟ ꯃꯎꯟ ꯍꯨꯔꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯌꯦꯡꯂꯒ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯐꯤ ꯁꯥꯕ ꯍꯧꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯎ
* ꯑꯈꯟ
## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯀꯣꯟꯕ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯕ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ

**ꯑꯀꯣꯟꯕ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯕ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ** (Lateral meristem) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯌꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯔꯕ ꯀꯌꯥꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯐꯪꯕ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯅꯤ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯁꯤꯟ ꯃꯍꯤ

**ꯑꯁꯤꯟ ꯃꯍꯤ** (ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗ, ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Acid) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯣꯟ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯕ ꯃꯣꯂꯦꯀꯨꯜ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯑꯥꯌꯣꯟ ꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯇꯪꯕꯗ ꯁꯤꯟꯒꯜꯂꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
* ꯑꯈꯥ ꯃꯍꯤ
* ꯑꯁꯤꯟ ꯃꯍꯤꯗ ꯌꯨ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯀꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ

**ꯑꯀꯥꯟ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Akan) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯥꯟ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯅ ꯉꯥꯡꯅꯕ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯘꯅꯥꯅ ꯁꯛꯈꯪꯂꯕ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯀꯨꯝꯖꯥ ꯲꯰꯱꯰ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯗ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯱꯰,꯵꯰,꯰꯰꯰ ꯃꯨꯛꯅ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯉꯥꯡꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯟ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯘꯅꯥꯅꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯕꯔꯥꯏꯂꯦ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯒ ꯏ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯁꯆꯦꯜꯃꯤꯟꯊꯤꯁ

ꯑꯁꯆꯦꯜꯃꯤꯟꯊꯤꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯃꯦꯂꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯐꯥꯢꯂꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯁꯤ ꯀꯣꯔꯣ ꯀꯣꯢꯕꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯢꯔꯒ ꯔꯥꯎꯟ ꯋꯥꯔ꯭ꯝ ꯍꯥꯢꯅꯁꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯁꯤꯟ ꯃꯍꯤꯗ ꯌꯨ

**"ꯑꯁꯤꯟ ꯃꯍꯤꯗ ꯌꯨ"** ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯨ ꯁꯨꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯌꯨꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯢꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯢ ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯢꯁꯤ ꯑꯪꯒꯨꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯌꯨ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯇ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯍꯛꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅ ꯃꯆꯨ, ꯆꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯕ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯎꯗ ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯌꯨꯕꯨ ꯁꯨꯡꯕꯗ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯤꯛ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛꯄꯗ ꯀꯣꯛꯐꯥꯢꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯛꯄ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯐꯕꯗ ꯆꯩꯊꯦꯡ ꯄꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯁꯥꯃꯤꯁ ꯂꯣꯟ

**ꯑꯁꯥꯃꯤꯁ** (), ꯅꯠꯇꯔꯒ **ꯑꯁꯥꯃꯤꯌꯥ** ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯕ  (), ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛ ꯏꯟꯗꯣ-ꯑꯔꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟꯗ ꯉꯥꯡꯅꯕ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯱ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯁꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯡꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯅꯤ ꯫ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯑꯣꯟ ꯱꯵ ꯃꯨꯛꯅꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯅꯕ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯐꯥꯎꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯟꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ

ꯑꯁꯥꯃꯤꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯏꯟꯗꯣ-ꯑꯔꯤꯌꯥꯟꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯄꯅꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯆꯞꯆꯥꯕ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯐꯥꯎꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯔꯒꯁꯨ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ
ꯑꯁꯥꯕ ꯂꯩꯀꯪꯂꯥ

**ꯑꯁꯥꯕ ꯂꯩꯀꯪꯂꯥ (ꯂꯩꯉꯣꯢꯂꯝ, ꯃꯔꯚꯨꯃꯤ, ꯖꯍꯦꯔꯥ)([[ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ]]: Hot desert)** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯗ ꯁꯥꯗꯨꯅ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯂꯩꯀꯪꯂꯥꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯂꯝ
ꯑꯁꯥꯝ

**ꯑꯁꯥꯝ** ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ **ꯑꯁꯣꯝ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ (ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯂꯩꯈꯥꯢ) ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯂꯩꯈꯥꯢ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯃꯥꯂꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯩꯔꯝ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯩ, ꯕ꯭ꯔꯍꯃꯄꯨꯇ꯭ꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯔꯥꯛ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯇꯝꯄꯥꯛꯇ ꯂꯩ ꯫ ꯑꯁꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅ ꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯀꯨꯔꯪꯒꯅꯌꯅꯤ
## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ
ꯑꯁꯦꯝ

**ꯑꯁꯦꯝ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯈꯨꯃꯟ ꯁꯂꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯌꯨꯝꯅꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯆꯥ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
ꯑꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯇꯤꯟ

**ꯑꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯇꯤꯟ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: **Astatine**) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯪ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯑꯥꯔꯁꯦꯅꯤꯛ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯂꯤ ꯕꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯟꯕ ꯅꯤꯝꯐꯨ

**"ꯑꯂꯤ ꯕꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯟꯕ ꯅꯤꯝꯐꯨ"** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Alī Bābā and the Forty Thieves) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯱꯸ꯁꯨꯕ ꯆꯍꯤꯆꯥꯗ ꯑꯍꯤꯡ ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ꯭ꯆꯀꯤ ꯍꯟꯗꯣꯛꯂꯣꯢ ꯑꯟꯇꯣꯢꯟ ꯒꯜꯂꯦꯟꯗꯅ ꯍꯥꯞꯆꯤꯟꯈꯤꯕ ꯐꯨꯡꯒꯥꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
* ꯍꯤꯍꯣꯟꯕ ꯁꯤꯟꯕꯥꯗ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯂꯥꯗꯗꯤꯟ

**"ꯑꯂꯥꯗꯗꯤꯟ"** (, ꯔꯣꯃꯥꯟ: **"Aladdin"**) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯌꯥꯢ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯝꯂꯦꯟꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯄ ꯐꯨꯡꯒꯥꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ "ꯑꯥꯔꯕꯀꯤ ꯑꯍꯤꯡ ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯑꯃ" ꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯖꯗ꯭ꯔꯒꯁꯨ ꯀꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
* ꯑꯍꯤꯡ ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯑꯃ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯂꯦꯛꯖꯦꯟꯗꯔ

**ꯑꯂꯦꯛꯖꯦꯟꯗꯔ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒ ꯁꯝꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ

## ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ
ꯑꯃꯦꯖꯣꯟ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ

**ꯑꯦꯃꯦꯖꯣꯟ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ** ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ **ꯑꯃꯦꯖꯣꯟ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ** ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ **ꯑꯃꯖꯣꯟ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ** (, ; ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯅꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ) ꯈꯥ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ
ꯑꯃꯥꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ

**ꯑꯃꯥꯝ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯦꯡꯂꯩ ꯁꯂꯥꯢꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯆꯥ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
## ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡ
## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯃꯦꯂꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ
* ꯆꯣꯡꯊꯥꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ
## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯌꯨꯝꯅꯥꯛ
ꯑꯁꯦꯝ ꯕꯤꯃꯣꯂꯥ

**ꯑꯁꯦꯝ ꯕꯤꯃꯣꯂꯥ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯅꯥꯢꯔꯕꯤ ꯁꯩꯁꯛꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯔꯇꯟ ꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯁꯪꯕ

**ꯑꯁꯪꯕ** (ꯁꯪꯕꯥꯟꯅꯕ)(ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Green) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯃꯆꯨ
ꯑꯃꯥꯡꯁꯪ

**ꯑꯃꯥꯡꯁꯪ** ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ **ꯈꯣꯡꯍꯥꯝꯐꯝ ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯠꯇ ꯍꯥꯎꯊꯤ ꯊꯤ, ꯌꯨꯡ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯆꯥꯅ ꯍꯥꯟꯗꯣꯛꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫
ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯤꯌꯝ

**ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯤꯌꯝ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯪ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯅꯤꯌꯝ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯡꯇꯝꯂꯕ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯂꯝꯁꯤꯡ

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯜꯐꯥꯕꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ  ꯃꯅꯤꯡꯇꯝꯕ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥ (ꯄꯥꯟ-ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥ, ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯕ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯑꯥꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯥ-ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛ ꯑꯥꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯃꯗꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯅ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯀꯟꯇꯤꯅꯦꯟꯠ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯂꯧꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅ ꯋꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯟ ꯍꯦꯃꯤꯁ꯭ꯐꯤꯌꯥꯔꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ, ꯑꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯀꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡ-ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯏꯊꯠ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛꯂꯣꯝ ꯍꯦꯃꯤꯁ꯭ꯐꯤꯌꯥꯔꯗ ꯆꯤꯡꯏ ꯫ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯐ꯭ꯔꯣ-ꯌꯨꯔꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯦꯇꯂꯥꯟꯇꯤꯛꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯏꯊꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯁꯂꯦꯟꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯗꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯦ ꯫

## ꯃꯅꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯂꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ
ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯡꯇꯝꯂꯕ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯂꯝ ꯳꯵ ꯄꯨꯂꯞ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯨꯅꯥꯏꯇꯦꯗ ꯅꯦꯁꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ Organization of American Statesꯇ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯀꯥꯡꯕꯨꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯂꯝ ꯑꯇꯩ
The 25 territories on this list are not sovereign states. This includes dependent territories of Pan-American countries listed above, or are territories that are either part of or subject to a European country.

## ꯏꯁꯤꯟꯒꯗꯕꯁꯤꯡ
ꯑꯃꯨꯕ

**ꯑꯃꯨꯕ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Black) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯊꯄꯤ (ꯈꯦꯟꯆꯣꯡꯂꯣꯜ)

**ꯊꯄꯤ**(ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Planet) ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ **ꯒ꯭ꯔꯍ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯁꯨꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯪ (ꯑꯇꯤꯡꯀꯣꯛ)ꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯈꯦꯟꯆꯣꯡꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯢꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯝ ꯇꯥꯕ ꯄꯣꯠ ꯅꯤ ꯫
ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯈꯦꯟꯆꯣꯡꯂꯣꯟꯗꯗꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ (ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯥꯢꯆꯤꯡ ꯊꯄꯤ) ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯊꯥ (ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯀꯥꯄ ꯊꯄꯤ) ꯲ꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯍꯜꯂꯝꯢ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯗꯗꯤ ꯲ꯁꯤ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯂꯒ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯍꯥꯞꯆꯤꯜꯂꯒ ꯹ꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇ ꯊꯄꯤ ꯸ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯢꯅ ꯂꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯫

ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯈꯦꯟꯆꯣꯡꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅ ꯊꯕꯤ ꯸ ꯂꯩ ꯫
# ꯃꯔꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯤ
# ꯚꯤꯅꯁ
# ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ
# ꯃꯥꯔꯁ
# ꯖꯨꯄꯤꯇꯔ
# ꯁꯦꯇꯔꯟ
# ꯌꯨꯔꯥꯅꯁ
# ꯅꯦꯞꯇꯨꯟ

### ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯄꯔꯤꯡ

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯑꯄꯛꯉꯥ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯊꯤꯂꯤꯜ

**ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯊꯤꯂꯤꯜ (Small intestine, small bowel)** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯆꯤꯟꯆꯥꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯐꯪꯂꯛꯄ ꯃꯆꯪꯁꯤꯡ (ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯌꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯤꯅꯔꯦꯜ) ꯇꯨꯝꯍꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧ ꯑꯂꯣꯢꯕꯗ ꯄꯥꯡꯕ ꯀꯌꯥꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ
* ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯊꯤꯂꯤꯜ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ
ꯑꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯀꯨꯔꯥꯡꯕꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ

**ꯑꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯀꯨꯔꯥꯡꯕꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Squamous epithelium) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯃꯈꯜꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯀꯨꯔꯥꯡꯕꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯖꯤꯇꯥ

**ꯑꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯖꯤꯇꯥ** (Clitoria ternatea, Asian pigeonwings, bluebelivine, blue pea, butterfly pea, cordofan pea, Darwin pea) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯂꯩ ꯁꯥꯠꯄ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥꯗꯗꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯒꯤ ꯍꯩꯀꯠ ꯂꯩꯀꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
*ꯁꯦꯝ (ꯍꯩ)

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯂꯩ
ꯑꯅꯦꯂꯤꯗꯥ

ꯑꯅꯦꯂꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯃꯦꯂꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯐꯥꯢꯂꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯢꯁꯤ ꯀꯪꯐꯥꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯇ ꯇꯨꯅ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯉꯝꯢ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯄꯛꯉꯥ (ꯊꯋꯥꯟꯃꯤꯆꯥꯛ)

**ꯑꯄꯛꯉꯥ (Taurus constellation, or Lunar mansion, Pauri)** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯋꯥꯟꯃꯤꯆꯥꯛ ꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯟꯁ꯭ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯠ ꯂꯣꯟꯗ **ꯔꯣꯍꯤꯅꯤ ꯅꯛꯁꯇ꯭ꯔ** ꯍꯥꯢꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯊꯧꯋꯥꯟꯃꯤꯆꯥꯛ
ꯑꯄꯣꯜꯂꯣ

**"ꯑꯄꯣꯜꯂꯣ" (Apollo)** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯔꯣꯃꯥꯟ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯟ ꯀꯥꯞꯄ, ꯏꯁꯩ, ꯖꯒꯣꯢ, ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ, ꯂꯥꯢꯐꯥꯎ, ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯕ, ꯑꯅꯥ ꯑꯌꯦꯛ, ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ, ꯃꯉꯥꯜ, ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯨꯄꯥꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯌꯣꯡ

**ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯌꯣꯡ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: New World Monkey) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯃꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯇ ꯆꯟꯕ ꯁꯦꯕꯣꯢꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯁꯥꯒꯩꯒꯤ ꯌꯣꯡ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯵ ꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕꯕꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯫ 

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯑꯔꯦꯝꯕ ꯑꯔꯥꯕꯤꯛ

**"ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯑꯔꯦꯝꯕ ꯑꯥꯔꯕꯤ"** (ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯑꯔꯦꯝꯕ ꯑꯔꯥꯕꯤꯛ)(Modern Standard Arabic) (MSA) ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ **"ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯏꯅꯅꯕ ꯑꯥꯔꯕꯤ"** (ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯏꯅꯅꯕ ꯑꯔꯥꯕꯤꯛ)(Modern Written Arabic) (MWA) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯕꯀꯤ ꯂꯝꯂꯦꯟꯗ ꯱꯹ꯁꯨꯕ ꯆꯍꯤꯆꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯲꯰ꯁꯨꯕ ꯆꯍꯤꯆꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯛꯄ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯑꯔꯦꯝꯕ ꯑꯥꯔꯕꯤ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
* ꯑꯔꯥꯕꯤꯛ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯑꯔꯥꯕꯤꯛ ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯟꯊꯩꯁꯤꯡ
ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯌꯨꯝꯁꯥꯂꯣꯟ

**ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯌꯨꯝꯁꯥꯂꯣꯟ (ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯁꯪꯁꯥꯂꯣꯟ)** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯌꯨꯝꯁꯥꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

File:Akademie von Athen.jpg
File:Universität von Athen.jpg
File:Griechische Nationalbibliothek (Zuschnitt).jpg
File:Apollon theatre.JPG
File:Δημαρχείο Αθηνών 9734.jpg
File:Old Parliament Athens.JPG
File:Koraes Public Library in Chios.jpg
File:Peiraias teatr.jpg
File:Ζωσιμαία Σχολή Ιωαννίνων 01.jpg
File:Εθνική Τράπεζα (1928-1933) Μητροπόλεως, Θεσσαλονίκη.jpg
File:Mytilini - Präfektur von Lesbos.jpg
File:ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗ-ΚΑΛΑΜΑΡΙΑ- ΤΟ ΠΑΛΑΤΑΚΙ - panoramio (7).jpg 


## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ

File:Vathia Mani Greece.jpg
File:Πόλη του Ναυπλίου, μεταξύ του σιδηροδρομικού σταθμού και της θέσης Πέντε Αδέλφια (1).jpg
File:Άποψη του τοίχους, Κάστρο Καβάλας (photosiotas).jpg
File:Tinos panagia evangelistria 200707 04.jpg
File:1823 - Byzantine Museum, Athens - The Villa - Photo by Giovanni Dall'Orto, Nov 12 2009.jpg
File:Cathedral Basilica of St. Dionysius the Areopagite, Athens.jpg
File:Gregory Palamas Thessaloniki from NW.jpg
File:Chora Amorgos 7231.JPG
File:408Aristi.JPG
File:Santorini Oia View.jpg
File:Patmos 855 00, Greece - panoramio (1).jpg
File:Petra, Lesbos.JPG
File:Menetés-2.jpg
File:Thessaloniki (5).JPG
File:Ioannina Kaplaneios.jpg
File:Ναύπλιο 001.JPG
File:Athens earlymodernism02-1-cut.jpg
File:Flughafen Athen-Ellinikon.jpg
File:Porto Carras Sithonia.jpg
File:President-hotel-kifissias-avenue.jpg
File:Peace and Friendship stadium 2014.JPG
File:Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center5.jpg


## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

*

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯌꯨꯝꯁꯥꯂꯣꯟ
ꯑꯅꯨꯁꯀꯥ ꯁꯦꯠꯇꯤ

**ꯑꯅꯨꯁ꯭ꯀꯥ ꯁꯦꯠꯇꯤ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯅꯥꯢꯔꯕꯤ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ ꯁꯛꯇꯝ ꯂꯥꯡꯕꯤ ꯁꯤꯟꯂꯣꯢ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯎ
ꯇꯃꯟꯅꯥ ꯚꯥꯇꯤꯌꯥ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯆꯝꯕ ꯀꯨꯔꯥꯡꯕꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ

**ꯑꯆꯝꯕ ꯀꯨꯔꯥꯡꯕꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Simple Epithelial Tissue) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯀꯨꯔꯥꯡꯕꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯆꯝꯕ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯔꯕ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ

**ꯑꯆꯝꯕ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯔꯕ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Simple permanent plant tissue) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ (ꯀꯌꯥꯠ) ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯈꯜꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯈꯜꯁꯤꯡ
꯱) ꯄꯔꯦꯟꯀꯥꯢꯃꯥ (Parenchyma) 

꯲) ꯀꯣꯜꯂꯦꯟꯀꯥꯢꯃꯥ (Collenchyma) 

꯳) ꯁ꯭ꯀ꯭ꯂꯦꯔꯦꯟꯀꯥꯢꯃꯥ (Sclerenchyma)

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯆꯣꯠꯄ ꯃꯪ

**ꯑꯆꯣꯠꯄ ꯃꯪ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Nocturnal emission, wet dream, sex dream, nightfall orgasm, sleep orgasm) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯇꯨꯝꯂꯤꯉꯩꯗ ꯐꯝꯕꯤ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯇꯨꯝꯂꯤꯉꯩꯗ ꯍꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯌꯥꯠꯇ ꯆꯣꯠꯇꯨꯅ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯕ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯍꯛꯇꯤꯟ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯐꯥꯎꯔꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯎ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯊꯤꯂꯤꯜ

**ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯊꯤꯂꯤꯜ (Large intestine, large bowel)** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯇꯨꯝꯕ ꯄꯊꯥꯞꯀꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯢꯕ ꯀꯌꯥꯠ ꯅꯤ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ
ꯑꯠꯂꯥꯟꯇꯤꯛ ꯏꯔꯦꯟꯄꯨꯡ

**ꯑꯠꯂꯥꯟꯇꯤꯛ ꯏꯔꯦꯟꯄꯨꯡ** ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ **ꯑꯠꯂꯥꯟꯇꯤꯛ ꯏꯄꯥꯛ-ꯑꯆꯧꯕ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯄꯥꯛ ꯀꯌꯥꯃꯔꯣꯝ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯟꯂꯒ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯈꯟ

**ꯑꯈꯟ** (ꯑꯈꯝ) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯄꯣꯛꯄ, ꯑꯊꯧꯕ, ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯐꯕ, ꯈꯟꯒꯠꯂꯕ, ꯑꯐꯕ ꯃꯤ ꯕꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯫

ꯑꯈꯣꯝ ꯑꯆꯥꯢ
ꯑꯈꯣꯝ ꯑꯆꯥꯢ

ꯑꯈꯣꯝ ꯑꯆꯥꯢ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯥ ꯂꯥꯟ ꯀꯥꯢꯕꯗ ꯈꯣꯝꯖꯤꯟꯕ ꯁꯥꯕ ꯊꯦꯡꯒꯧꯔꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯉꯥꯢꯕ
ꯑꯈꯥ ꯃꯍꯤ

**ꯑꯈꯥ ꯃꯍꯤ** ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ **ꯑꯈꯥꯍꯤ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Base) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯟ ꯃꯍꯤꯒ ꯆꯩꯊꯦꯡ ꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯕ ꯃꯍꯤ ꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯊꯣꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯅ ꯍꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯢ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯥꯡꯂꯧ

ꯑꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯥꯡꯂꯧ ꯍꯥꯢꯔꯒ ꯅꯨꯡꯊꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝꯕꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ꯫
 "ꯑꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯥꯡꯂꯧ ꯊꯦꯡꯂꯕꯗ ꯄꯣꯢꯔꯩ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯤ ꯃꯔꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟꯌꯤꯝꯌꯥꯢꯗ ꯍꯜꯋꯥꯢꯈꯤꯌꯦ ꯍꯥꯢꯒꯗꯕꯔꯥ? "
 -ꯁꯅꯥꯃꯍꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯍꯨꯢ꯫

* ꯑꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯈꯣꯛꯈꯩ ꯅꯦꯝꯕ
ꯑꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯈꯣꯛꯈꯩ ꯅꯦꯝꯕ

**ꯑꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯈꯣꯛꯈꯩ ꯅꯦꯝꯕ** ꯍꯥꯢꯔꯒ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯅ ꯃꯌꯨꯝ ꯆꯪꯕꯕꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯫
 "ꯈꯥꯕ ꯐꯥꯟꯗꯣꯡꯕꯅ, ꯂꯥꯕ ꯈꯨꯃꯟꯕꯨ ꯌꯥꯡꯗꯧ ꯁꯥꯔꯝ ꯂꯤꯕꯗ ꯑꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯈꯣꯛꯈꯩ ꯅꯦꯝꯂꯦ ꯫"
 -ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯥꯢꯖꯤꯡ ꯆꯤꯡꯒꯣꯢꯔꯣꯟ꯫ ꯂꯥ:꯳꯫

* ꯑꯉꯣꯝ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
Reflist
ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯃꯇꯝ
ꯑꯉꯣꯝ

**ꯑꯉꯣꯝ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯁꯂꯥꯏ ꯷ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯉꯣꯝ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯁꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯅꯥꯛ ꯀꯌꯥꯃꯔꯨꯝ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯀꯤ (ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯅ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔ) ꯌꯦꯜꯍꯧꯃꯤ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯉꯣꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯄꯨꯊꯧ ꯄꯥꯈꯪꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯛ ꯄꯤꯊꯦꯠꯂꯩꯃ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯥꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯀꯪꯂꯥ ꯀꯣꯅꯨꯡ, ꯏꯝꯐꯥꯜꯗ ꯑꯍꯤꯡ ꯅꯣꯡꯌꯥꯏ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯄꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯄꯥꯟꯂꯝꯃꯤ ꯃꯂꯤꯌꯥꯐꯝ ꯄꯥꯜꯆꯥ ꯀꯨꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯈꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ
ꯑꯉꯣꯝ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ

**ꯑꯉꯣꯝ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ** (ꯑꯉꯧꯄꯥꯟꯕ) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯉꯣꯝ ꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯂꯥꯢꯅ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯖꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗ ꯄꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯉꯣꯝ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯖꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯕꯇꯨꯡꯗꯅ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯝꯅꯥꯢꯕ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯢ ꯫

"ꯑꯉꯣꯝ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯗꯤ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯟ ꯋꯥꯡꯃ ꯑꯉꯧꯄꯥꯟꯕ ꯀꯧꯋꯦ ꯫"
-ꯐꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯡꯒꯧ ꯫
* ꯑꯉꯧꯕ ꯆꯅꯨ
## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ
ꯑꯉꯥꯡ

ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡꯗ, **ꯑꯉꯥꯡ** ꯑꯃꯥ (plural: **ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ**) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯤ ꯄꯣꯛꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯉꯟꯂꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯇꯥꯛꯀꯛ ꯆꯥꯍꯤ ꯱꯸ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯆꯥꯍꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯧꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯩ ꯫

ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯍꯟꯂꯤ ꯃꯃꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯁꯥꯂꯥꯏ, ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡ-ꯂꯤꯆꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯫

## ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯛꯄ
## ꯍꯛꯁꯦꯜ
## ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯕ ꯉꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯍꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡ
## ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ

ꯏꯪꯂꯦꯟ ꯱꯷ ꯁꯨꯕ ꯆꯥꯍꯤ ꯆꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯍꯤ ꯳꯵ ꯃꯨꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯃꯤ, ꯄꯥꯛꯇꯛꯅꯅ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯳ ꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯤ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯈꯤꯕꯒꯤꯅꯤ ꯫ꯏꯟꯗꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯜ, ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯂꯛꯈꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯗꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯫
ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯛꯁꯦꯜ ꯍꯩꯊꯣꯏ-ꯁꯤꯡꯊꯣꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ, ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯁꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯱꯹꯹꯰ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯍꯩ ꯃꯁꯤꯟ

## ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯗ ꯎꯠꯀꯗꯕ ꯆꯠꯅ ꯂꯣꯟꯆꯠ
## ꯃꯤꯔꯦꯜ ꯊꯝꯐꯝ

File:Umbilical-newborn.jpg|ꯅꯧꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯛꯄꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ
File:One Year Old Toddler.JPG|ꯆꯥꯍꯤ ꯱ ꯐꯥꯔꯕ 
File:1 of Korea's 1st redheads-Terry W. mom Korean (black hair), dad Canadian (brown hair).jpg|ꯆꯥꯍꯤ ꯲ ꯐꯥꯔꯕ
File:"1" Girl in India, October 2013.jpg|ꯆꯥꯍꯤ ꯳ ꯐꯥꯔꯕ
File:Child-Caspian_Sea.JPG|ꯆꯥꯍꯤ ꯴ ꯐꯥꯔꯕ
File:Colony_For_Artists_Under_Six-_Evacuees_To_Dartington_Hall,_Totnes,_Devon,_England,_1941_D3089.jpg|ꯆꯥꯍꯤ ꯵ ꯐꯥꯔꯕ
File:Aung_San_Suu_Kyi_1951.jpg|6-year-old
File:Bororo003.jpg|7-year-old
File:PortraitGirl2005-2.jpg|ꯆꯥꯍꯤ ꯸ ꯐꯥꯔꯕ
File:Chicken and Dumplings by David Shankbone.jpg|ꯆꯥꯍꯤ ꯹ ꯐꯥꯔꯕ
|10-year-old
File:Portrait eines selbstbewussten Burschen.jpg|ꯆꯥꯍꯤ ꯱꯱ ꯐꯥꯔꯕ
File:Femalechild.jpg|ꯆꯥꯍꯤ ꯱꯲ ꯐꯥꯔꯕ
File:Franklin_D._Sergent_who_is_13_years_old_and_in_the_fifth_grade_does_his_homework_-_NARA_-_541349.tif|ꯆꯥꯍꯤ ꯱꯳ ꯐꯥꯔꯕ


## ꯁꯤꯖꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
## ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ
ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ

**ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ** (Red) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯉꯥꯜꯒꯤ ꯎꯕ ꯐꯪꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯠꯔꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯋꯦꯕꯂꯦꯡꯊꯀꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯑꯣꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯋꯥꯏꯂꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯗꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯟꯠ ꯋꯦꯕꯂꯦꯡꯊ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯶꯲꯵–꯷꯴꯰ꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯖꯤ.ꯕꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯥꯔꯤ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯋꯥꯏ.ꯀꯦ.ꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯁꯦꯀꯦꯟꯗꯔꯤ ꯃꯆꯨ (ꯃꯦꯖꯦꯟꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯦꯜꯂꯣꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ) ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯔꯤ ꯃꯆꯨꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯍꯪꯒꯄꯥꯟ-ꯇꯤꯡꯒꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯥꯔꯂꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯦꯔꯃꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒ ꯍꯤꯒꯣꯛ-ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯝꯁꯟ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯃꯆꯨ
ꯑꯉꯥꯢꯕ

ꯑꯉꯥꯢꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯢ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯕꯨꯁꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ꯫
 "ꯑꯩꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯈꯩꯕꯤꯛꯄꯨ ꯑꯄꯥꯟꯕꯅ ꯉꯝꯅ ꯈꯣꯝꯈꯤꯔꯦ, ꯑꯩꯗꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛꯈꯩꯕꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯋꯥꯢ ꯂꯧꯕ ꯉꯥꯢꯒꯦ, ꯑꯉꯥꯢꯕ ꯀꯧꯑꯦ꯫"
 - ꯃꯍꯧ꯫

* ꯑꯪꯒꯣ
ꯑꯉꯧꯕ

**ꯑꯉꯧꯕ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: White) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯉꯧꯕ ꯆꯅꯨ

**ꯑꯉꯧꯕ ꯆꯅꯨ** ꯍꯥꯢꯔꯒ ꯑꯉꯣꯝ ꯅꯤꯉꯣꯟꯕꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯫ 
 "ꯃꯁꯥꯅꯧ ꯅꯣꯡꯕꯥꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯉꯧꯕ ꯆꯅꯨ ꯗꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯆꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯇꯔꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯢ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯑꯋꯥ ꯍꯛꯆꯣꯛ ꯂꯥꯡꯂꯕꯒꯤ꯫"
 - ꯁꯅꯥꯃꯍꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯍꯨꯢ ꯫
ꯑꯋꯥ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ

**ꯑꯋꯥ** ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ **ꯕꯔꯃꯥ** ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ **ꯃ꯭ꯌꯥꯟꯃꯥꯔ** () ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯅꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯕ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯃꯥꯢꯀꯩ ꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ

**ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯂꯝꯂꯦꯟ ꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ (ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯂꯩꯈꯥꯢ) ꯸ (ꯅꯤꯄꯥꯜ)ꯅ ꯄꯨꯜꯂꯒ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤꯕ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯂꯩꯈꯥꯢ ꯃꯆꯥ ꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯑꯁꯥꯝ, ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔ, ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯄꯨꯔꯥ, ꯅꯒꯥꯂꯦꯟ, ꯃꯦꯘꯥꯂꯌꯥ, ꯁꯤꯛꯀꯤꯝ, ꯑꯔꯨꯅꯥꯆꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯤꯖꯣꯔꯥꯝꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯍꯥꯢꯔꯤꯕ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ ꯃꯆꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞ ꯃꯆꯥ ꯃꯆꯥ ꯀꯌꯥꯅ ꯄꯨꯟꯅ ꯈꯨꯟꯗꯥꯃꯤꯟꯅꯩ ꯫

ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯗ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯉꯩꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯅ ꯆꯠꯂꯛꯄ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡꯗꯤ ꯁꯅꯥꯃꯍꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ
ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥ

**ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯟꯇꯤꯅꯦꯟ ꯷ꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒ ꯁꯝꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ

* Houghton Mifflin Company, "North America"
* Interactive SVG version of Non-Native American Nations Control over N America 1750–2008 animation

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯀꯟꯇꯤꯅꯦꯟ
ꯑꯏꯪ ꯑꯁꯥ

**ꯑꯏꯪ ꯑꯁꯥ** ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ **ꯑꯌꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯥ** (Temperature) ꯍꯥꯢꯕꯗꯤ ꯀꯌꯥꯃꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯏꯪꯕ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯁꯥꯕ ꯍꯥꯢꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯁꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯨꯛ, ꯅꯨꯡꯊꯤꯜ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯁꯥꯕ ꯍꯦꯟꯂꯤ ꯑꯍꯤꯡ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯂꯩꯇꯕ ꯃꯇꯗꯒꯤꯗꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯌꯥꯡꯂꯩꯃ

ꯑꯌꯥꯡꯂꯩꯃ ꯀꯧꯕ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ ꯳ ꯂꯩ ꯫
ꯃꯈꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡꯗꯤ-
# ꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯢꯕꯤ - ꯂꯥꯟꯂꯩꯝ, ꯇꯨꯕꯤꯂꯩꯃ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ ꯫
# ꯑꯌꯥꯡꯂꯩꯃ ꯑꯍꯜ - ꯊꯥꯡꯖꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯢꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯂꯣꯢ ꯑꯍꯜ ꯫
# ꯑꯌꯥꯡꯂꯩꯃ ꯑꯇꯣꯝꯕꯤ - ꯊꯥꯡꯖꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯢꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯂꯣꯢ ꯑꯇꯣꯝꯕꯤ ꯫
ꯑꯊꯔꯚ ꯚꯦꯗꯥ

**ꯑꯊꯔꯚ ꯚꯦꯗꯥ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Atharva Veda) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯡꯕ ꯊꯧꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯏꯕ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯛꯀꯩꯒꯤ ꯚꯦꯗꯥꯥꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯑꯊꯔꯕꯕꯦꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯗ ꯃꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯕꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯪꯁ꯭ꯀ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯠꯇꯥ ꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯒꯤ ꯖ꯭ꯅꯥꯟꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯩ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯕꯦꯗ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯔ꯭ꯏꯒꯕꯦꯗ, ꯁꯃꯕꯦꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯥꯖꯨꯔꯕꯦꯗꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯊꯔꯕꯕꯦꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯜꯂꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯁꯩ ꯈꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ, ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯥꯏꯐ-ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ꯫
"ꯑꯊꯥꯔꯕꯕꯦꯗ" ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ "ꯑꯊꯔꯕꯟ"ꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯊꯗꯤ ꯃꯦꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯨꯂꯥ ꯈꯉꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯣꯍꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯊꯔꯕꯕꯦꯗꯇꯥ ꯏꯁꯩ, ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ, ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯔꯊꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ, ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯗꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯟꯇꯤ, ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ, ꯂꯟ-ꯊꯨꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯊꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ "ꯃꯦꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯨꯂꯥꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯗ" ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫
ꯑꯊꯔꯕꯕꯦꯗꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯥꯌꯨꯔꯕꯦꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯉꯥꯀꯄꯤꯕꯥ, ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯌ ꯄꯥꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯌꯦꯛꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯄꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯪꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯧꯎ-ꯁꯤꯡꯎ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯂꯣꯟ-ꯏꯇꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯕꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯔꯊꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯕꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯛꯅꯩ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯁ꯭ꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯱꯲꯰꯰–꯱꯰꯰꯰ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯄꯟꯗꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯔꯤꯒꯕꯦꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯇꯥꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡ, ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯗꯚꯥꯏꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯛꯁ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯣꯜ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯑꯒ꯭ꯅꯤ (ꯃꯩ), ꯏꯟꯗ꯭ꯔ (ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ), ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯔꯨꯟ (ꯏꯁꯤꯡ)ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯕꯨ ꯈꯨꯔꯨꯃꯖꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛ, ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛꯀꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔꯗ ꯈꯔꯅꯤ꯫
ꯑꯊꯥꯔꯕꯕꯦꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯲꯰ꯗꯥ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯟꯗꯁ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯨꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯁꯨꯛꯇꯥ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯃꯦꯖꯤꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ, ꯂꯟ-ꯊꯨꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯔꯊꯅꯥꯅꯤ꯫ ꯕꯦꯗ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ, ꯏꯃꯨꯡ-ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯟꯅꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯃꯆꯠ-ꯁꯥꯖꯠ, ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯃꯆꯠ-ꯁꯥꯖꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯔꯤꯇꯨꯌꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯐꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ꯫
ꯉꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯑꯊꯔꯕꯕꯦꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯟꯗꯤꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯔꯣꯍꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯐꯨ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ, ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯇꯥꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯊꯔꯕꯕꯦꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯙꯔꯝ, ꯃꯦꯖꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁꯄꯨ ꯄꯨꯅꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯋꯥꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫
ꯁꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯊꯔꯕꯕꯦꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯔꯊꯅꯥ, ꯃꯦꯖꯤꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯜ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯐꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯕꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯅꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯗꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯆꯨꯌꯦꯜ ꯍꯦꯔꯤꯇꯦꯖꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤ
ꯑꯊꯣꯛꯄꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ

ꯑꯊꯣꯛꯄꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯨꯋꯥꯡ ꯌꯦꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯆꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯆꯥ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯊꯣꯛꯄꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯨꯔꯨ ꯁꯔꯗꯕꯒꯤ ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯛꯢ ꯍꯥꯢꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯊꯣꯛꯄꯝ ꯀꯧꯢ ꯍꯥꯢꯅ ꯄꯨꯌꯥꯗ ꯄꯜꯂꯤ꯫
## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯌꯦꯟꯁꯦꯝꯕꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ
ꯑꯌꯥꯡꯂꯩꯃ ꯑꯇꯣꯝꯄꯤ

ꯑꯌꯥꯡꯂꯩꯃ ꯑꯇꯣꯝꯄꯤ (ꯀꯣꯢꯔꯦꯟ ꯂꯩꯃ ꯑꯇꯣꯝꯕꯤ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯥꯡꯖꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯢꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯂꯣꯢ ꯑꯇꯣꯝꯕꯤ ꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯢꯕ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯢꯅ ꯀꯦꯀꯦ ꯃꯣꯢꯔꯥꯡ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯇ ꯏꯔꯥꯠ ꯊꯧꯅꯤ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯅꯩ꯫

## ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯂꯣꯟ
## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ
ꯑꯌꯥꯡꯂꯩꯃ ꯑꯍꯜ

ꯑꯌꯥꯡꯂꯩꯃ ꯑꯍꯜ (ꯀꯣꯢꯔꯦꯟ ꯂꯩꯃ ꯑꯍꯜ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯥꯡꯖꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯢꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯂꯣꯢ ꯑꯍꯜ ꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯢꯕ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯢꯅ ꯀꯦꯀꯦ ꯃꯣꯢꯔꯥꯡ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯇ ꯏꯔꯥꯠ ꯊꯧꯅꯤ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯅꯩ꯫
## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ
* ꯏꯄꯨꯊꯧ ꯊꯥꯡꯆꯤꯡ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ
ꯑꯌꯦꯛꯄꯝ

**ꯑꯌꯦꯛꯄꯝ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯉꯥꯡ ꯁꯂꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯌꯨꯝꯅꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯁꯣꯔꯥꯢꯁꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ
ꯑꯍ‍ꯨꯝꯅꯨ

**ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯅꯨ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯂꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯎ
ꯑꯔꯩꯅꯨ
ꯑꯍꯤꯡ ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯑꯃ

**"ꯑꯍꯤꯡ ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯑꯃꯒ" ([[ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ]]: One Thousand and One Nights)** ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ **"ꯑꯥꯔꯕꯀꯤ ꯑꯍꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ" (Arabian Nights)** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯝ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯄꯥꯟ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯛꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯌꯥꯢ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯝꯂꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯕꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯐꯨꯡꯒꯥꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
* ꯑꯂꯤ ꯕꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯟꯕ ꯅꯤꯝꯐꯨ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯍꯤꯡ ꯃꯥꯄꯟ ꯀꯨꯝꯍꯩ

**ꯑꯍꯤꯡ ꯃꯥꯄꯟ ꯀꯨꯝꯍꯩ (ꯅꯕꯔꯥꯇ꯭ꯔꯤ, ꯅꯋꯔꯥꯇ꯭ꯔꯤ, ꯅꯚꯔꯥꯇ꯭ꯔꯤ)(Navaratri)** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯦꯟꯊꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯑꯍꯤꯡ ꯃꯥꯄꯟ (ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯇꯔꯥ) ꯁꯥꯡꯅ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯀꯨꯝꯍꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯃ ꯗꯨꯔꯒꯥꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯄꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯅꯕꯔꯥꯠꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ “ꯅꯕꯔꯥꯠꯔꯤ” ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯊꯗꯤ ꯁꯪꯁ꯭ꯀ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯇꯇꯥ “ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯅꯤ” ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯅꯤꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯅꯤꯅꯤ ꯄꯥꯉꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯗꯦꯕꯤ ꯗꯨꯔꯒꯥꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯞ ꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯕꯔꯥꯠꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯚꯛꯇꯤ, ꯍꯔꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ, ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯖꯤꯛ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯥꯠꯀꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯅꯕꯔꯥꯠꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯞꯇꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯣꯕꯔ ꯊꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯇꯥꯀꯏ꯫ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯗꯦꯕꯤ ꯗꯨꯔꯒꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯤꯁꯥꯁꯨꯔ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯅꯤꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯗꯨꯔꯒꯥꯕꯨ ꯈꯨꯔꯨꯃꯖꯩ꯫
ꯅꯕꯔꯥꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯊ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯛꯇꯤ ꯎꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯆꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯔꯣꯖꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯦꯡ, ꯌꯦꯔꯨꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯐꯣꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯔꯣꯖꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯏ꯫

ꯌꯨꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯉꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯃꯖꯤꯟ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯗꯨꯔꯒꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯨꯔꯇꯤ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄꯤꯀꯆꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯔꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯐꯨꯜ, ꯃꯅꯥ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯩ ꯊꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯝꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ "ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤ" ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯔꯊꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯚꯛꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯁꯩꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯕꯨ ꯊꯥꯒꯠꯄꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫
ꯅꯕꯔꯥꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯅꯥꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯒꯨꯖꯔꯥꯠꯇꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯒꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯥꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯔꯥꯁꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯅꯥꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯖꯤꯀꯀꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯀꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯥꯠꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯅꯥꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯄꯨꯅꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫
ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯃꯗꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯕꯔꯥꯠꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯋꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯕꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯂꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯗꯨꯔꯒꯥ ꯄꯨꯖꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯅꯩ꯫ ꯗꯦꯕꯤ ꯗꯨꯔꯒꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯨꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯥꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯄꯟꯗꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯟꯗꯥꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ, ꯆꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯂꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯇꯥ ꯃꯨꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯨꯄꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫

ꯅꯕꯔꯥꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯇꯔꯥꯅꯤꯄꯥꯂꯕꯨ ꯗꯁꯦꯔꯥ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯕꯤꯖꯌꯗꯁꯃꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯚꯒꯕꯥꯟ ꯔꯥꯃꯅꯥ ꯔꯥꯕꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯊꯧꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯔꯥꯕꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯌꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯩ ꯊꯥꯏ꯫
ꯅꯕꯔꯥꯠꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯒꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ ꯈꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ, ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯒꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ꯫ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯃꯤꯟꯅꯩ, ꯃꯔꯨꯄꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯎꯅꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯟꯅꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ, ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯐꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯔꯤ꯫
ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯊꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ ꯅꯕꯔꯥꯠꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯚꯛꯇꯤ, ꯃꯆꯨ, ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯖꯤꯛ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯔꯥꯑꯣꯕꯅꯥ ꯊꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
* ꯗꯨꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯄꯟ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯐꯒꯥꯅꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯟ

**ꯑꯐꯒꯥꯅꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯟ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯂꯩꯀꯪꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯃꯅꯤꯡꯇꯝꯕ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯄꯥꯀꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯟ, ꯏꯔꯥꯟ, ꯇꯨꯔꯃꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯟ, ꯎꯖꯕꯦꯀꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯟ, ꯇꯥꯖꯀꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ
ꯆꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯁꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯔ ꯀꯤ.ꯃꯤ. ꯶꯵꯲,꯰꯰꯰ ꯃꯨꯛ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯄ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯀꯥꯕꯨꯜꯅ ꯑꯐꯒꯥꯅꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯅꯨꯡꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯃꯌꯣꯜꯂꯝꯂꯦꯟꯁꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ ꯫

## ꯐꯤꯔꯥꯜ

## ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯥꯛ
ꯑꯍꯩꯕꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ

ꯑꯍꯩꯕꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯉꯩꯗ ꯀꯣꯜꯂꯤꯛ ꯍꯩꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧ ꯄꯨꯔꯝꯢ꯫ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯆꯥ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯅꯤ꯫
## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
## ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡ
## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯉꯥꯔꯤꯌꯥꯟꯕꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ
ꯑꯏꯪꯕ ꯂꯩꯀꯪꯂꯥ

**ꯑꯏꯪꯕ ꯂꯩꯀꯪꯂꯥ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Cold desert) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯗ ꯏꯪꯗꯨꯅ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯂꯩꯀꯪꯂꯥꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯥꯟꯁ (ꯂꯣꯟ)

**ꯑꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯥꯟꯁ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Afrikaans) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯣꯂꯔꯦꯗꯁ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞ, ꯑꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯅꯔꯁ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞ, ꯕꯥꯁꯇꯔꯁ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞ, ꯀꯦꯞ ꯃꯦꯂꯦ ꯐꯨꯔꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯨꯋꯥ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞ ꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯉꯥꯡꯅꯕ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯈꯥ ꯑꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯝꯕꯤꯌꯥꯅ ꯁꯛꯈꯪꯂꯕ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯀꯨꯝꯖꯥ ꯲꯰꯱꯶ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯗ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯷꯲,꯰꯰,꯰꯰꯰ ꯃꯨꯛꯅ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯉꯥꯡꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯟ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯥꯟꯁ ꯑꯜꯐꯥꯕꯦꯠ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯒ ꯏ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯒꯨꯁꯠ

**ꯑꯒꯨꯁꯠ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯊꯄꯥꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯸ꯁꯨꯕ ꯊꯥ ꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯒꯨꯁꯠ ꯊꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯳꯱ ꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯏ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ

## ꯋꯥꯄꯣꯛꯂꯣꯟ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯊꯥ ꯱꯲
ꯑꯒ꯭ꯅꯤ

**"ꯑꯒ꯭ꯅꯤ" (Agni)** ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯩ ꯀꯧꯕ ꯂꯥꯢ ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯒ꯭ꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯃꯩꯒꯤ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯅꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯑꯒ꯭ꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯖ-ꯄꯤꯊꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯔꯁꯨꯜ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯛ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯕꯥ, ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯉꯥꯂꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯩ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯧꯔꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯩ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯌꯖ꯭ꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯅꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯅꯕꯥ, ꯘꯤ (ꯀ꯭ꯂꯦꯔꯤꯐꯥꯏꯗ ꯕꯠꯇꯔ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯩꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯒ꯭ꯅꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯖꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯗꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯒ꯭ꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯌꯊꯣꯡ ꯑꯅꯤ, ꯂꯣꯜ ꯷ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯥꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯒꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯊꯣꯡ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯀꯄꯨ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯔꯤꯞꯔꯖꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯷ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯩꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯩ꯫ ꯑꯒ꯭ꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯄꯥꯞ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯅꯤꯖꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯃꯩ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯉꯥꯀꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯁꯨꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯒ꯭ꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯁ꯭ꯠꯔ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯕꯦꯗꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ꯫ ꯕꯦꯗꯇꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯅꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯉꯥꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ, ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯒ꯭ꯅꯤꯕꯨ ꯈꯨꯔꯨꯃꯖꯩ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯏ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯃꯩ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯒ꯭ꯅꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯕꯨ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯤꯕꯨ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯒ꯭ꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯂꯒꯥꯁꯨ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯈꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯊꯋꯥꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥꯁꯨ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯑꯒ꯭ꯅꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯅꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯔꯊꯅꯥꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯖꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯒ꯭ꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯩꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯒ꯭ꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯄꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯖꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯩ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯂꯤ꯫ ꯉꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯃꯣꯗꯔꯟ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯇꯥ ꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯉꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯩ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤ, ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯒ꯭ꯅꯤꯕꯨ ꯏꯀꯥꯌ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯕꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ, ꯄꯨꯀꯆꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯒ꯭ꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯧꯎ-ꯁꯤꯡꯎ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯧꯎ-ꯁꯤꯡꯎꯗꯁꯨ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯛ ꯊꯣꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯧꯕꯨꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯜꯂꯤꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯟ ꯇꯥꯀꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯈꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ, ꯉꯥꯀꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯧꯖꯥꯜ ꯄꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯌ ꯄꯥꯀꯄꯥ, ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯟꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯅꯤꯖꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯒ꯭ꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ, ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯒ꯭ꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯉꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯂꯕꯒꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯉꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯑꯒ꯭ꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯩꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ-ꯀꯤꯆꯦꯟ ꯃꯩꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯉꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯩ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ꯫ ꯑꯒ꯭ꯅꯤꯕꯨ ꯈꯨꯔꯨꯃꯖꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥ, ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯆꯨꯌꯦꯜ ꯋꯥꯔꯜꯗꯀꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯉꯥꯜ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ, ꯑꯥꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯁꯨꯔꯌꯥ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯆꯤꯉꯨ ꯈꯣꯌꯨꯝ ꯂꯥꯢꯌꯥꯝꯁꯤꯡ
ꯑꯓꯣꯚ-ꯁꯩꯚꯥꯁ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯄꯥꯛ

**ꯑꯓꯣꯚ-ꯁꯩꯚꯥꯁ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯄꯥꯛ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Azov-Syvash National Nature Park) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯨꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯓꯣꯚꯀꯤ ꯏꯔꯦꯟꯄꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯅꯣꯡꯆꯨꯞ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯃꯥꯢꯀꯩꯗ ꯕꯤꯔ꯭ꯌꯨꯆꯤ ꯏꯊꯠꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯝꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯥꯔꯛ
ꯑꯔꯃꯦꯅꯤꯌꯥ

**ꯑꯔꯃꯦꯅꯤꯌꯥ** (Հայաստան) ꯍꯥꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯀꯪꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯅꯣꯡꯆꯨꯞ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥ ꯇꯔꯀꯤ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯀ ꯊꯪꯅꯕ ꯃꯅꯤꯡꯇꯝꯕ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯶ꯁꯨꯕ ꯕꯤ ꯁꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯛꯂꯕ ꯂꯝꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯌꯦꯔꯦꯚꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯅꯨꯡꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯁꯤꯇꯤꯁꯨꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯋꯥꯔ ꯀꯤꯂꯣꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯲꯹,꯷꯴꯳ ꯃꯨꯛꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯐꯤꯔꯥꯜ

## ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯥꯛ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ
ꯑꯔꯃꯦꯅꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ

**ꯑꯔꯃꯦꯅꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯃꯦꯅꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯃꯁꯥꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯏꯟꯗꯣ-ꯏꯎꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯔꯦꯅꯤꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯅ ꯁꯛꯈꯪꯂꯕ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯄꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯔꯃꯦꯅꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯜꯐꯥꯕꯦꯠꯅ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯕ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯂꯤꯆꯥ ꯶꯷ ꯃꯨꯛꯅ ꯉꯥꯡꯏ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯕꯅ ꯉꯥꯡꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ