open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
ꯅꯣꯡꯁꯥ

**ꯅꯣꯡꯁꯥ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯝꯂꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯍꯤꯡ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯁꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯅꯣꯡꯁꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯥꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯫
## ꯁꯛꯇꯝꯁꯤꯡ

"dandelion" - "Löwenzahn" (5656838688).jpg
 
01112011-IMG 0380 (7822799554).jpg
 
2002-04-28 5309 Gänserndorf Löwin.jpg
 
2002-04-28 5310 Gänserndorf die Löwen.jpg
 
2002-04-28 5313 Gänserndorf Löwin.jpg
 
20140812 Lion IMG 0800.png

20140812 Lion IMG 0802.png
 
20140812 Lion IMG 0813.png
 
4417145560 Jpg (165456735).jpeg
 
500px photo (188689879).jpeg
 
500px photo (188689881).jpeg
 
500px photo (188689883).jpeg
 
500px photo (188689885).jpeg
 
500px photo (188689891).jpeg
 
500px photo (188689893).jpeg
 
500px photo (188689899).jpeg
 
500px photo (188689901).jpeg
 
A lion and a lioness in Akagera National Park.jpg
 
Adult Male Lion.jpg
 
Adult male lion.jpg
 
Africa speaks - a story of adventure ... ((192-?)) (17916568046).jpg
 
African Lion (28376075989).jpg
 
African Lion (40307117333).jpg

File:African Lion funny video.webm
 
African Lioness and Lion (4064996055).jpg
 
African-landscape-lion (Unsplash).jpg
 
American Lion Grand Canyon.jpg
 


## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯂꯝꯂꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯍꯤꯡ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯁꯥ
ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯥꯏꯆꯤꯡ

**ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯥꯏꯆꯤꯡ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯆꯌꯣꯜ ꯱ ꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯅꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯊꯥꯄꯂꯣꯟ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯫ ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯥꯏꯖꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯗ ꯂꯪꯃꯥꯏꯆꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯔꯝꯃꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯖꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
* ꯆꯌꯣꯜ
* ꯊꯄꯤ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯥꯏꯊꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ

ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯥꯢꯊꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯆꯥ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯉꯩꯗ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯉꯣꯜꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯅ ꯂꯩꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯇꯣꯢꯅ ꯆꯜꯍꯟꯕꯤꯔꯝꯢ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒꯤ ꯄꯤꯕꯥꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯇꯥꯉꯥꯡ ꯍꯥꯢꯕ ꯃꯤꯡꯊꯣꯜꯁꯤ ꯐꯪꯂꯝꯢ꯫
## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
## ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡ
## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯌꯦꯜꯂꯥꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ
ꯅꯣꯡꯊꯣꯝꯕꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ

ꯅꯣꯡꯊꯣꯝꯕꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯆꯥ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯅꯤ꯫
## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯄꯨꯊꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ
ꯅꯣꯡꯊꯣꯝꯕꯝ ꯕꯤꯔꯦꯟ

**ꯅꯣꯡꯊꯣꯝꯕꯝ ꯕꯤꯔꯦꯟ** ꯅꯠꯇꯔꯒ **ꯅꯣꯡꯊꯣꯝꯕꯝ ꯕꯤꯔꯦꯟ ꯁꯤꯡꯍ** (ꯄꯣꯛꯄ ꯖꯥꯅꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯱, ꯱꯹꯶꯱) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯂꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯗꯤ ꯐꯨꯠꯕꯣꯜ ꯁꯥꯅꯔꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯎꯃꯤ ꯑꯣꯢꯔꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯆꯤꯐ ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯁꯇꯔꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ
ꯅꯣꯔꯣꯛ

**ꯅꯣꯔꯣꯛ** (ꯅꯔꯛ ꯂꯣꯛ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯖꯅꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅ ꯂꯩꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯅꯔꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯙꯔꯝ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ, ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ, ꯕꯨꯗ꯭ꯙ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯩꯟ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯗꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯣꯛ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ, ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯁꯤꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯔꯀꯇꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯄꯀꯤ ꯆꯩꯔꯥꯛ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯩ꯫ ꯆꯩꯔꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯩꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯀꯄꯥ, ꯂꯥꯟꯗꯥꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯅꯔꯀꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯕꯨ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯧꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯔꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯌꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯀꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯀꯗꯒꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯆꯩꯔꯥꯛ ꯐꯪꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯤ꯫ ꯂꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯥ, ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯕꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ, ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯤꯍꯥꯠ-ꯃꯤꯄꯨꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯔꯀꯇꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯀꯥꯌꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯣꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯥꯏꯗꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ; ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯆꯩꯔꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯤꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯕꯨꯗ꯭ꯙꯤꯖꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯔꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯑꯋꯥ-ꯑꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯀꯔꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯝ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯒꯗꯤ ꯅꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯧꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯋꯥ-ꯑꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯀꯁꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯄꯤꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯖꯩꯟ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯔꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯩꯔꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯊꯋꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯔꯤ꯫ ꯅꯔꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯝꯕꯥ, ꯑꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯛ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯥꯛ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯩꯔꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯄꯥꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯠꯆꯤꯜꯂꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯂꯦꯚꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯩꯔꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯅꯈꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ, ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ, ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯕꯨ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯔꯀꯇꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯄꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ, ꯂꯣꯚ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯖꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯊꯧꯒꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯅꯥꯔꯀꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯂꯃꯆꯠ-ꯁꯥꯖꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯑꯣꯖꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯃꯥ-ꯃꯄꯥꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯌꯥꯜꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯈꯉꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯅꯔꯀꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯖꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯁꯁꯨ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯆꯪꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯄꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯈꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯅꯔꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯣꯔꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯄꯨꯀꯆꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯍꯂꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯏꯀꯥꯌ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯊꯧꯒꯠꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯊꯗꯤ ꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯤ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯃꯆꯠꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯂꯆꯔꯗꯥ, ꯁꯤꯅꯦꯃꯥ, ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ, ꯇꯤ.ꯚꯤ. ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯔꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯈꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ; ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯂꯃꯆꯠ-ꯁꯥꯖꯠ, ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯉꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯅꯔꯀꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ, ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥ-ꯑꯅꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯄꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯌꯃ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯅꯣꯕꯥꯞ

**ꯅꯣꯕꯥꯞ** (ꯅꯣꯄꯥꯞ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯎꯍꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯅꯣꯕꯥꯝꯀꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯎ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯅ ꯈꯥꯏꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯅꯣꯕꯥꯞ ꯱ꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯊꯨꯝꯕ ꯅꯣꯕꯥꯞ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯃꯥꯢꯔꯦꯟ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯎꯍꯩ
ꯅꯤꯃꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯅꯣꯡꯁꯥ

**ꯅꯤꯃꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯅꯣꯡꯁꯥ (Nemean lion)** (; (ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ: Νεμέος λέων) *Neméos léōn*; (ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯟ ꯂꯣꯟꯗ:Leo Nemeaeus) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯅꯤꯃꯤꯌꯥꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕ ꯍꯤꯡꯆꯥꯕ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯔꯀꯨꯂꯤꯁꯅ ꯀꯣꯟꯅ ꯍꯥꯠꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕ ꯁꯤꯕ ꯅꯥꯢꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯕꯅ ꯍꯥꯠꯄ ꯉꯝꯕ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ ꯃꯔꯝꯗꯤ ꯃꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯈꯨꯠꯁꯨ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯢ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯆꯪꯗꯦ ꯫ ꯃꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯖꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯊꯧꯏ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯆꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯀꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯏ ꯫ Bibliotheca, Photiusꯗ ꯄꯜꯂꯤꯕ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯟ ꯂꯦꯗꯟꯅ ꯁꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝ ꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯉꯥꯛ ꯁꯦꯜꯂꯤꯕ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯟ ꯂꯦꯗꯟꯂꯦꯗꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯤꯟ ꯃꯅꯥꯎꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯉꯁꯤꯗꯤ, ꯅꯣꯡꯁꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ Greek faunaꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯣꯢꯗ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯫ Herodotusꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅ, ꯅꯣꯡꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ ꯇ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯢ꯫ George Schaller ꯅ ꯱꯰꯰ ꯕꯤ.ꯁꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯇꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯋꯥꯢꯗ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯢ ꯍꯥꯢꯅ ꯑꯅꯤꯡꯕ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯏ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯅꯤꯉꯣꯜ ꯆꯥꯛꯀꯧꯕ

**ꯅꯤꯉꯣꯜ ꯆꯥꯛꯀꯧꯕ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯌꯥꯡꯒꯩꯒꯤ ꯲ꯅꯤ ꯄꯥꯟꯕ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯇ ꯃꯌꯨꯝ-ꯃꯀꯩ ꯄꯥꯟꯈ꯭ꯔꯕꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯑꯣꯢꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯄꯥꯝꯗ ꯂꯥꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯃꯕꯨꯡ ꯃꯧꯄ꯭ꯋꯥꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯍꯔꯥꯎ ꯇꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯆꯥꯛ ꯆꯔꯥ ꯑꯃ ꯆꯥꯃꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩꯅꯤ ꯫

꯲꯰꯱꯵ꯇ ꯗꯦꯜꯍꯤꯗ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯅꯤꯉꯣꯜ ꯆꯥꯛꯀꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯔꯝꯗ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯈꯤꯕ ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯌꯥꯡ ꯅꯤꯉꯣꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯄꯤꯕꯥꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯝ ꯑꯃ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯍꯤꯌꯥꯡꯀꯩ
## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯅꯤꯌꯣꯒ

**ꯅꯤꯌꯣꯒ** (ꯅꯤꯖꯣꯒ) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥꯗ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯅꯔꯝꯕ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯅ (ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯄꯨꯔꯣꯢꯕ ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗꯕꯗ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯃꯄꯨꯔꯣꯢꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯢꯕ ꯉꯝꯗꯕꯗ) ꯃꯆꯥ ꯐꯪꯖꯅꯕ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯑꯃ ꯅꯦꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯑꯆꯦꯠꯄ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯊꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯅꯤꯌꯣꯒꯀꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ
ꯅꯤꯌꯣꯒ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯈꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ:-
# ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥ ꯐꯪꯖꯅꯕ ꯈꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯢꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯍꯛꯇꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯢꯕ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯣꯢꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
# ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯛꯂꯛꯄ ꯃꯆꯥꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯔꯣꯢꯕ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥ ꯑꯣꯢꯅ ꯂꯧꯅꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯑꯅꯦꯛꯄ ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ ꯍꯥꯢꯅ ꯂꯧꯅꯤ꯫
# ꯇꯨꯡꯂꯝꯆꯠꯇ ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯤ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ ꯍꯥꯢꯕꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯐꯣꯡꯕ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ꯫
# ꯍꯥꯢꯔꯤꯕ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯟꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯅꯕ ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯑꯃ ꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗ ꯳ꯂꯛ ꯈꯛꯇꯪ ꯅꯤꯌꯣꯒ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯢ꯫
# ꯊꯧꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯡꯕꯗ ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ  ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯗ ꯙꯔꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯑꯄꯥꯝꯕ, ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯍꯛꯇꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯢꯕ ꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯄꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ꯫ ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯗꯨ ꯃꯆꯥ ꯐꯪꯖꯅꯕ ꯈꯛꯇꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯁꯨ ꯃꯆꯥ ꯐꯪꯖꯅꯕ ꯈꯛꯇꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯫
# ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯑꯍꯦꯟꯕꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ꯫ ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯕ ꯘꯤꯅ ꯇꯩꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯐꯤ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯃꯆꯥ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯕ ꯈꯨꯝꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯥꯝ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯄꯣꯛꯂꯛꯇꯅꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯐꯤ ꯊꯨꯡꯗꯅ ꯂꯩꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗ ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯍꯛꯇꯤꯟꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
* ꯋ꯭ꯌꯥꯁ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯅꯣꯡꯖꯦꯟꯕꯝ

**ꯅꯣꯡꯖꯦꯟꯕꯝ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯌꯨꯝꯅꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯥꯉꯥꯟꯄ ꯁꯂꯥꯢꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯆꯥ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯈꯨꯔꯥꯢꯖꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ
ꯅꯤꯌꯣꯟ

**ꯅꯤꯌꯣꯟ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: **Neon**) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯪ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯅꯤꯌꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯱꯰ꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯅ ꯲꯰.꯱꯷꯹꯷u ꯅꯤ ꯫ **Ne** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯅ ꯅꯤꯌꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯥꯛꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯤꯟ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯅꯤꯔꯃꯜ ꯀꯥꯡꯖꯝ

**ꯅꯤꯔꯃꯜ ꯀꯥꯡꯖꯝ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯍꯩ ꯁꯛꯇꯝ ꯂꯥꯡꯕ ꯁꯤꯟꯂꯣꯢ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯁꯣꯅꯤꯌꯥ ꯍꯤꯖꯝ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯅꯤꯝ꯭ꯐ

**ꯅꯤꯝ꯭ꯐ** *(ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Nymph)* ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯤ ꯂꯥꯢ ꯇꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯑꯅꯦꯝꯕ ꯊꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒ ꯊꯥꯒꯣꯟꯅꯕꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯇꯩꯒ ꯈꯦꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯢꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯂꯩꯒꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯢꯁꯤ ꯁꯨꯝꯍꯠꯌꯥꯢ ꯄꯨꯕꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯂꯣꯟꯗ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯁꯤꯕ ꯅꯥꯢꯖꯔꯒꯁꯨ ꯇꯥꯢꯕꯪ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯕꯗꯒꯤꯗꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯁꯥꯡꯕ ꯍꯦꯜꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯢꯅꯩ ꯫

## ꯃꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ (ꯒꯦꯂꯦꯔꯤ)
* 
* 

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯅꯤꯡꯈꯝ ꯁꯝꯖꯤ

**ꯅꯤꯡꯈꯝ ꯁꯝꯖꯤ (Ningkham Samji)** ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ **ꯅꯤꯡꯈꯝ ꯁꯝꯆꯤ** ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ **ꯅꯤꯡꯈꯝ ꯁꯝꯆꯤꯟ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯣꯛꯇ ꯎꯞꯄ ꯂꯩꯇꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯎꯂꯣꯟ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯅ ꯄꯨꯟꯂꯒ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ "ꯅꯤꯡꯄꯥ", "ꯈꯝꯄꯥ" ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ "ꯁꯝꯆꯤꯟꯄ" ꯍꯥꯢꯕꯗꯤ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅ ꯅꯤꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯟꯊꯨꯡ ꯄꯟꯈꯩ ꯌꯧꯔꯕ ꯇꯥꯢꯕꯪ ꯃꯄꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀ ꯁꯝꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯢꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯢꯅ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯆꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯢꯅ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ, ꯐꯝꯅꯥꯢꯕ ꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯢꯕ ꯊꯧꯂꯝ ꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯀꯨꯝꯍꯩ ꯍꯔꯥꯎꯕꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯗ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯆꯥ ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯀꯣꯛꯇ ꯎꯞꯄ  ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯛꯂꯕ ꯂꯨꯍꯨꯞ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯎꯞꯄꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯢꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯕ ꯃꯤꯁꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗꯤ ꯀꯪꯂꯩ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯃꯟ ꯈꯝꯕꯅꯤ ꯫ 

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ

## ꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯊꯣꯛ

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯔꯦꯁꯝ ꯐꯨꯔꯤꯠ
## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯦꯝꯆꯥꯃꯌꯨꯝ

ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯦꯝꯆꯥꯃꯌꯨꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯅꯤ ꯫
## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯟꯂꯥꯛꯄꯝ
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯄꯥꯟꯕ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ

**ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯄꯥꯟꯕ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ** (ꯔꯥꯖ꯭ꯌ) (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Kingdom, Princely State, Realm) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯄꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯅꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯕ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯟꯕ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
* ꯑꯂꯦꯛꯖꯦꯟꯗꯔ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ (ꯊꯋꯥꯟꯃꯤꯆꯥꯛ)

**"ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ" (Leonis, Regulus)** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯋꯥꯟꯃꯤꯆꯥꯛ ꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯂꯤ

**ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯂꯤ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯎ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯀꯥꯕ

**ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯀꯥꯕ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯆꯌꯣꯜ ꯱ ꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯅꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯊꯥꯄꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯖꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯆꯌꯣꯜ
## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯆꯌꯣꯜꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ

**ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯱ꯒꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯅꯠꯇꯔꯒ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯆꯨꯨꯨꯨꯨꯞꯂꯤ ꯄꯥꯥꯥꯥꯥꯥꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯤꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯐꯥꯎ-ꯑꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯔꯣꯜꯁꯤꯡ
## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
* ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯔꯦꯜ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯔꯦꯜ

**ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯔꯦꯜ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Emperor) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯔꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯂꯣꯢꯗꯤ ꯂꯩꯃꯔꯦꯜ ꯀꯧꯏ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯔꯦꯜ
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯖꯝ

ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯖꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯦꯝꯆꯥꯃꯌꯨꯝ
ꯅꯥꯎꯁꯦꯛꯄꯝ

**ꯅꯥꯎꯁꯦꯛꯄꯝ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯁꯂꯥꯏ ꯂꯩꯁꯥꯡꯊꯦꯝ ꯁꯂꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯌꯨꯝꯅꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯁꯔꯥꯡꯊꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ
ꯅꯥꯎꯔꯣꯢꯕꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ

ꯅꯥꯎꯔꯣꯢꯕꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯆꯥ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯅꯤ꯫
## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
## ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡ
* ꯍꯦꯔꯣꯖꯤꯠ ꯅꯥꯎꯔꯣꯢꯕꯝ: ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯏꯕ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯍꯩꯀ꯭ꯔꯨꯖꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯁꯃꯨ (ꯊꯋꯥꯟꯃꯤꯆꯥꯛ)

**ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯁꯃꯨ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Leonis) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯊꯋꯥꯟꯃꯤꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯅꯥꯒ

**ꯅꯥꯒ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯖꯅꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅ ꯂꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯥꯒꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ, ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯃꯨꯗ꯭ꯔꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ, ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯄꯇꯂꯥ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯚꯥꯏꯟ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯤ-ꯗꯤꯚꯥꯏꯟ ꯁꯔꯄꯟꯇ ꯖꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯖꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯩ, ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯄꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯅꯥꯒꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯃꯤꯔꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯧꯖꯥꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯥꯒꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯒꯕꯥꯟ ꯕꯤꯁ꯭ꯅꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯒꯕꯥꯟ ꯁꯤꯕꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯚꯒꯕꯥꯟ ꯕꯤꯁ꯭ꯅꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯞ ꯁꯦꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯂꯒꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ ꯁꯦꯁꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯅꯟꯇ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯈꯉꯅꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯊꯗꯤ ꯂꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯅꯥꯏꯗꯕꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯥꯒꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯣꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯥꯏꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯃꯤꯛ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯥ ꯅꯥꯒꯥꯗꯤ ꯚꯥꯁꯨꯀꯤꯅꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯉ꯭ꯒꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯃꯨꯗ꯭ꯔ ꯈꯣꯡꯕꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯂꯪꯂꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯃ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯇꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ꯫ ꯅꯥꯒꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯊꯤꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯣꯠꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯟ-ꯊꯨꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯟ-ꯊꯨꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥꯁꯨ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯩ ꯀꯥꯞꯄꯗꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏ-ꯌꯥꯏꯐꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯔꯨꯃꯖꯩ꯫ ꯅꯥꯒ ꯄꯟꯆꯃꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯥꯒꯥꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯥꯒꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯨꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯉ꯭ꯒꯣꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯧꯅꯤꯖꯔꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯖꯥꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯉꯥꯀꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯖꯔꯤ꯫ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯉꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯥꯒꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯟ-ꯊꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯒꯤ ꯖ꯭ꯅꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯖꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯇꯉꯈꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯇꯉꯈꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯆꯍꯤ ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯉꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯚꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯥꯃꯥꯌꯅꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯥꯒꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯚꯥꯔꯠꯇꯥ ꯍꯤꯔꯣ ꯑꯔꯖꯨꯅꯅꯥ ꯎꯂꯨꯄꯤ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯅꯥꯒꯥ ꯔꯥꯖꯀꯨꯃꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯥꯒꯥꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯔꯥꯃꯥꯌꯅꯗꯥ ꯅꯥꯒꯥꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯅꯨꯃꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯚꯦꯟꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯅꯥꯒꯥꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯠꯁꯤꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯁꯛꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ, ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯏꯀꯥꯌ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ, ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯇꯥꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯕꯨ ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯩ ꯀꯥꯞꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ, ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯄꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯅꯥꯒꯥꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯗꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ, ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥ, ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯟ-ꯊꯨꯃꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯞ ꯖꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯈꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕꯁꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯚꯛꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯞ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯅꯥꯒꯥꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯉꯏ꯫ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯂꯣꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯥꯏꯗꯕꯥ, ꯃꯦꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯏ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ, ꯀꯂꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯛꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯏꯊꯤꯜ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯅꯥꯒꯔꯥꯖ
## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯆꯤꯉꯨ ꯈꯣꯌꯨꯝ ꯂꯥꯢꯌꯥꯝꯁꯤꯡ
ꯅꯥꯒꯔꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ

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**ꯅꯥꯒꯔꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Nāgarī script) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯁꯪꯁ꯭ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯠ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯠ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯢꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯗꯦꯋꯅꯥꯒꯔꯤ, ꯅꯟꯗꯤꯅꯥꯒꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯢꯕ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯎ
* ꯕꯥꯡꯂꯥ-ꯑꯁꯃꯤꯌꯥ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯅꯥꯒꯔꯥꯖ

**ꯅꯥꯒꯔꯥꯖ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯅꯥꯒ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯥꯒꯔꯥꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯥꯄꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯁꯥꯞ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯈꯉꯅꯩ꯫ “ꯅꯥꯒꯥ” ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯊꯗꯤ ꯁꯥꯞ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ “ꯔꯥꯖꯥ” ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯥꯒꯔꯥꯖꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯊꯗꯤ “ꯁꯥꯄꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ” ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯥꯒꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯝ, ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯊꯤꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯕ꯭ꯌ ꯁꯥꯔꯞ ꯖꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯩ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯡꯖꯨ-ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯥ, ꯃꯤꯔꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯊꯤꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯟ-ꯊꯨꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯅꯥꯒꯔꯥꯖ ꯈꯨꯔꯨꯃꯖꯩ, ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯥ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯇꯥ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯞ ꯂꯥꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯩ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯅꯥꯒꯔꯥꯖꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯔꯊꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯩ ꯀꯥꯞꯄꯗꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ, ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏ-ꯌꯥꯏꯐꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏ-ꯌꯥꯏꯐꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯅꯥꯒꯔꯥꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯚꯒꯕꯥꯟ ꯕꯤꯁ꯭ꯅꯨꯒꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯩ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯕꯤꯁ꯭ꯅꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯃꯤꯛ ꯁꯃꯨꯗ꯭ꯔꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯥꯒꯥ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯁꯦꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯏꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯂꯤ꯫ ꯁꯦꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯅꯟꯇ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯀꯧꯏ, ꯑꯔꯊ ꯂꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯅꯥꯏꯗꯕꯥ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯀꯄꯨ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯅꯥꯒꯔꯥꯖꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯅꯥꯒꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯊꯤꯕꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯣꯠꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯟ-ꯊꯨꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯩ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯉꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯥꯒꯔꯥꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯅꯣꯡꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯗꯦꯕꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯞ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯅꯥꯒ ꯄꯟꯆꯃꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯥꯒꯔꯥꯖꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯁꯥꯄꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯉ꯭ꯒꯣꯝ, ꯐꯨꯜ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯄꯀꯤ ꯃꯨꯔꯇꯤ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯄꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯔꯊꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯚꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯔꯣꯖꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯏꯁꯩ ꯁꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯞ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯕꯨ ꯏꯀꯥꯌ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯚꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯔꯥꯅꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯏꯄꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯥꯒꯔꯥꯖꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯤ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯅꯥꯒꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯕꯥꯁꯨꯀꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯃꯨꯗ꯭ꯔ ꯈꯣꯡꯕꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯥꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯃ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯠ ꯐꯪꯍꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯥ ꯅꯥꯒꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯚꯥꯔꯠꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯁꯀꯥꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯥꯒꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯔꯣꯅꯕꯥ, ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯋꯥꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯥꯒꯔꯥꯖꯕꯨ ꯈꯨꯔꯨꯃꯖꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯐꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯊꯥꯖꯩ꯫ ꯅꯥꯒꯔꯥꯖꯥꯗꯥ ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯉꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄꯨꯈ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯥꯒꯥꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯇꯥꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯥꯂꯄꯆꯥꯔꯗꯥ ꯅꯥꯒꯔꯥꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯖꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯀꯨꯃꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯀꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯤꯕ꯭ꯌ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯥꯖ꯭ꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯅꯥꯒꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯥꯞ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯗꯥ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯗꯦ; ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯏꯀꯥꯌ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯩ꯫ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯔꯊꯅꯥꯗꯥ ꯅꯥꯒꯔꯥꯖꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯉꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯀꯂꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯒꯤ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯅꯥꯒꯔꯥꯖꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯗꯥ ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯖꯔꯕꯥ ꯅꯣꯡꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯅꯤ, ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯔꯣꯡ ꯊꯥꯕꯥ, ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯕ꯭ꯌ ꯁꯛꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯇꯥꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯚꯥꯔꯠ ꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯨꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯂꯥꯈ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯔꯨꯃꯖꯔꯤ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯋꯥꯁꯨꯀꯤ
* ꯁꯦꯁꯥ
* ꯀꯥꯂꯤꯌꯥ
* ꯇꯛꯁꯛ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯆꯤꯉꯨ ꯈꯣꯌꯨꯝ ꯂꯥꯢꯌꯥꯝꯁꯤꯡ
ꯅꯦꯞꯇꯨꯟ

**ꯅꯦꯞꯇꯨꯟ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯣꯃꯥꯟ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯏꯔꯦꯟꯄꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯢ ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯡꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯂꯥꯢꯗꯤ ꯄꯣꯁꯥꯢꯗꯟꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯇꯥꯂꯣꯢꯗꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯃ ꯁꯦꯂꯥꯁꯤꯌꯥꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯅꯥꯕꯤ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕ

**ꯅꯥꯕꯤ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕ** ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ **ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯒꯤ ꯅꯥꯕ** () ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯅꯨꯡ ꯀꯌꯥꯠꯄꯨ ꯍꯛꯇꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯢꯕ ꯐꯥꯎꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ
* ꯑꯆꯣꯠꯄ ꯃꯪ
* ꯊꯨ ꯅꯥꯕ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ
ꯅꯥꯢꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯟ

**ꯅꯥꯢꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯟ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: **Nitrogen**) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯪ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯅꯥꯏꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯷ꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯅ ꯱꯴.꯰꯰꯶꯷u ꯅꯤ ꯫ **N** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯅ ꯅꯥꯏꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯥꯛꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ

**ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ** ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ **ꯀꯣꯔꯧ** (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ: ; ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯄꯛꯉꯥꯗ (ꯊꯄꯤ)ꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯛꯄ ꯊꯧꯋꯥꯏꯃꯤꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯄꯤꯊꯣꯔꯛꯏ꯫ ꯄꯤꯊꯣꯔꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯏꯟꯐ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯔꯦꯗ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ, ꯑꯜꯇ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯚꯥꯌꯣꯂꯦꯠ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ, ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯌꯣ ꯋꯦꯕ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯉꯥꯜ ꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯣꯔꯧ ꯄꯊꯥꯞ (ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯄꯊꯥꯞ) (ꯁꯣꯂꯔ ꯁꯤꯁꯇꯦꯝ) ꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯢꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯢꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

## ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ
ꯅꯨꯡ

**ꯅꯨꯡ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯂꯩꯀꯨꯞ ꯃꯌꯥꯝ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯅꯠꯇꯔꯒ ꯅꯨꯡꯖꯥꯎ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯦꯠ ꯤꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅ ꯀꯟꯂꯤ ꯫

### ꯈꯥꯏꯗꯣꯛꯄ

### ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯁ ꯔꯣꯛ

Igneous rock

### ꯁꯦꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯃꯦꯅꯇꯔꯤ ꯔꯣꯛ

### ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯃꯣꯔꯐꯤꯛ ꯔꯣꯛ

## ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ

## ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯁꯝꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯅꯨꯡ
ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯃꯄꯤ (ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ)

**ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯃꯄꯤ** ꯑꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯪ ꯀꯨꯝꯖꯥ ꯲꯰꯱꯵ ꯗ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕ ꯗꯦꯟꯖꯔ (ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ)

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯅꯨꯡꯂꯦꯞꯄꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ

ꯅꯨꯡꯂꯦꯞꯄꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯆꯥ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯅꯤ꯫
## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯈꯣꯡꯖꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ
ꯅꯨꯡꯒꯥꯔꯩ

**ꯅꯨꯡꯒꯥꯔꯩ** (***Asparagus officinalis***) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯃꯔꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯤꯔꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯂꯩ

**ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯂꯩ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯂꯩ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯂꯩ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯇ ꯑꯣꯟꯁꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯅ ꯆꯠꯂꯤꯕ ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯩꯗ ꯃꯃꯥꯏ ꯂꯩ ꯫ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯂꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯪꯍꯟꯕ ꯉꯧꯔꯒꯁꯨ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯆꯥꯅꯩ, ꯄꯣꯠꯐꯝꯗ ꯅꯤꯊꯤꯖꯕ ꯆꯦꯔꯪ ꯈꯥꯎꯗ ꯍꯥꯟꯂꯒ ꯌꯣꯟꯅꯩ ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯀꯣꯝꯕꯤꯔꯩ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯅꯩꯅꯂꯣꯟ

** ''"ꯅꯩꯅꯂꯣꯟ"'' ** (ꯏꯪꯔꯥꯖꯤ:*Science*) ꯍꯥꯢꯔꯒ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯗ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯍꯤꯔꯝ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯃꯔꯤꯛ ꯆꯨꯝꯅ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯄꯊꯥꯞ ꯅꯥꯢꯅ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝ ꯎꯠꯄ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯅꯩꯅꯕꯕꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ꯫

ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯢꯅ ꯏꯍꯥꯟ ꯍꯥꯟꯅ ꯅꯩꯅꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯔꯛꯄ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯏꯖꯤꯞꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯦꯁꯣꯄꯣꯇꯥꯃꯤꯌꯥꯗ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯩ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ

ꯃꯌꯥꯢ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯅꯩꯅꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯝꯗ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯝꯢ ꯍꯥꯢꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯐꯪꯂꯤ꯫

## ꯅꯩꯅꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜꯁꯤꯡ
ꯅꯩꯅꯂꯣꯟ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯢꯅ ꯳ꯊꯣꯛꯅ ꯈꯥꯢꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯢ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ:- 

꯱) **ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯅꯩꯅꯂꯣꯟ (ꯅꯦꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯢꯟꯁ)** ꯫

꯲) **ꯈꯨꯟꯅꯥꯢꯒꯤ ꯅꯩꯅꯂꯣꯟ (ꯁꯣꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯢꯟꯁ)** ꯫

꯳) **ꯃꯔꯤꯛ ꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯅꯩꯅꯂꯣꯟ (ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯢꯟꯁ)** ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯅꯩꯅꯂꯣꯟ ꯅꯩꯅꯕ (ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆ)
ꯅꯩꯅꯂꯣꯟ ꯅꯩꯅꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯦꯁꯤꯛ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯑꯦꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯢꯗ ꯍꯥꯢꯅ ꯈꯥꯢꯗꯣꯛꯏ ꯫

## ꯅꯩꯅꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯁꯤꯡ
ꯅꯩꯅꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯅꯩꯅꯂꯣꯢ ꯀꯧꯢ ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯢ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯄꯥꯝꯖꯕ ꯍꯤꯔꯝ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯀꯨꯞꯊꯅ ꯊꯤꯖꯟ ꯍꯨꯝꯖꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯢ꯫

## ꯅꯩꯅꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝ
ꯅꯩꯅꯂꯣꯟꯅ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯦꯜꯕꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯢꯍꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯧꯔꯤ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛꯂꯣꯟ
## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯅꯪꯅ ꯅꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯤꯡꯉꯤ

**ꯅꯪꯅ ꯅꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯤꯡꯉꯤ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯪ ꯀꯨꯝꯖꯥ ꯲꯰꯱꯵ ꯗ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯎ
ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯃꯄꯤ (ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ)

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯌꯣꯂꯁ

ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯌꯣꯂꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯃꯆꯪ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ
ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ

**ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Neural tissue, Nervous tissue) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯅꯔꯚꯇ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯆ

**ꯆ** (**ꯆꯤꯟ**) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ ꯏꯕꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯀꯤ ꯷ꯁꯨꯕ ꯃꯄꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯇ ꯃꯄꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯃꯄꯨꯝ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯄꯨꯟꯅ ꯲꯷ ꯁꯨꯏ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
ꯋꯥꯀꯣꯛꯂꯣꯟ ꯍꯤꯂꯦꯜ ꯊꯤꯂꯦꯜ ꯁꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯥꯏꯂꯣꯟ ꯄꯨꯀꯣꯛ ꯄꯨꯌꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯀꯣꯛ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯁꯤ ꯃꯂꯤꯌꯥꯐꯝ ꯄꯥꯜꯆꯥ ꯱ ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯛꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯌꯥꯡ ꯍꯤꯔꯜ ꯂꯩꯖꯩ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ
ꯆꯅꯝ

**ꯆꯅꯝ (ꯆꯟꯅꯝ)** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Garlic, ***Allium sativum***) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯃꯈꯣꯛ (ꯃꯀꯥ) ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯂꯤꯌꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯤꯔꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ
꯱꯫ 
꯲꯫ 
꯳꯫ 

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯆꯅꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ

**ꯆꯅꯝ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯁꯂꯥꯏ ꯂꯩꯁꯥꯡꯊꯦꯝ ꯁꯂꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯌꯨꯝꯅꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯆꯤꯡꯉꯥꯈꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ
ꯆꯌꯣꯜ

**ꯆꯥꯌꯣꯜ(ꯍꯞꯇꯥ)** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯇꯔꯦꯠꯅꯤꯅ ꯁꯥꯏ ꯫

## '''ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯷'''
*ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯥꯏꯆꯤꯡ
ꯆꯥꯌꯣꯜ ꯱ꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯫
*ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯀꯥꯕ
ꯆꯥꯌꯣꯜ ꯱ꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯫
*ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯄꯣꯛꯄ
ꯆꯥꯌꯣꯜ ꯱ꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯁꯨꯕ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯫
*ꯌꯨꯝꯁꯥꯀꯩꯁ
ꯆꯥꯌꯣꯜ ꯱ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ
*ꯁꯥꯀꯣꯜꯁꯦꯜ
ꯆꯥꯌꯣꯜ ꯱ꯒꯤ ꯃꯉꯥꯁꯨꯕ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯫
*ꯏꯔꯥꯏ
ꯆꯥꯌꯣꯜ ꯱ꯒꯤ ꯇꯔꯨꯧꯁꯨꯕ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯫
*ꯊꯥꯡꯖ
ꯆꯥꯌꯣꯜ ꯱ ꯒꯤ ꯇꯔꯦꯠꯁꯨꯕ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯖꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
*ꯊꯥ꯱
*ꯆꯥꯍꯤ
*ꯊꯥꯅꯤꯜ
ꯆꯐꯨ

**ꯆꯐꯨ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Pot) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯅ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯃ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯕꯅ ꯁꯥꯕ ꯀꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯎ
* ꯂꯩꯍꯥꯞ ꯆꯐꯨ
* ꯑꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯣ ꯈꯨꯜꯂꯦꯟꯗ ꯁꯥꯕ ꯆꯐꯨ ꯃꯈꯜꯁꯤꯡ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯆꯐꯨ ꯁꯥꯕ

**ꯆꯐꯨ ꯁꯥꯕ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯂꯩꯈꯣꯝ ꯊꯤꯠꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯐꯨ ꯁꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟ ꯇꯥꯛꯄꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯫
## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯎ
* ꯆꯐꯨ
ꯆꯔꯥꯡ

ꯆꯔꯥꯡ ꯍꯥꯢꯕꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯊꯣꯛꯁꯤ ꯲ ꯂꯩ ꯫
* ꯆꯔꯥꯡ (ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ): ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯱ꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯫ 
* ꯆꯔꯥꯡ (ꯇꯤꯜ): ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯢꯕ ꯉꯝꯕ ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫
ꯆꯔꯥꯡ (ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ)

**ꯆꯔꯥꯡ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Hydrilla, Waterthymes) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯍꯧꯕ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯍꯥꯢꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯂꯥ ꯚꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯂꯦꯇꯥ ꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯆꯔꯥꯡ (ꯇꯤꯜ)

**ꯆꯔꯥꯡ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Dragonfly) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯢꯕ ꯉꯝꯕ ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯆꯔꯥꯡꯄꯥꯠ

**ꯆꯔꯥꯡꯄꯥꯠ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯧꯕꯥꯜ ꯄꯅꯥꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯄꯥꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ 

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
* ꯆꯔꯥꯡ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯆꯛꯄꯇꯥꯕꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ

ꯆꯛꯄꯇꯥꯕꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯆꯥ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯅꯤ꯫
## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯅꯃꯨꯖꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ
ꯆꯝꯄ꯭ꯔꯥ

**ꯆꯝꯄ꯭ꯔꯥ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯎꯍꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯆꯝꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏ꯭ꯅꯇꯤꯐꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ *ꯁꯤꯇ꯭ꯔꯁ ꯂꯥꯏꯃꯟ* ꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯔꯨꯇꯦꯁꯤ ꯐꯦꯃꯤꯂꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯆꯟꯅ ꯂꯩ ꯫ ꯆꯝꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯡꯅ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ (ꯃꯀꯨꯗꯤ ꯈꯥꯔꯞ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫) ꯆꯝꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯑꯆꯥꯔ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ ꯫ ꯄꯥꯅ ꯁꯣꯏꯔꯒ ꯊꯨꯝ ꯍꯥꯞꯂꯒ ꯀꯪꯍꯜꯂꯒ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯆꯝꯄ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯃꯍꯤꯗ ꯆꯤꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯞꯇꯨꯅ *ꯂꯦꯃꯅꯦꯗ* ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗ ꯚꯤꯇꯥꯃꯤꯟ ꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯅ ꯍꯤꯍꯣꯟꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯔꯚꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯂꯩꯅꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯅꯅꯕ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯊꯥꯏꯅ ꯍꯤꯍꯣꯟꯕꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯂꯥꯏꯃꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯁꯨ ꯃꯤꯡꯒꯧꯅꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯗ ꯃꯁꯤꯒ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ **'ꯍꯩꯖꯥꯡ**' ꯍꯩ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯐꯪꯏ ꯫ ꯍꯧꯖꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯀꯨ (ꯏꯡꯂꯤꯁꯇ *ꯔꯤꯟ꯭ꯗ*) ꯆꯝꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯊꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯃꯀꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯊꯪꯕ ꯑꯉꯧꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇꯨ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯆꯝꯄ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯒꯨꯝꯅ ꯍꯩꯖꯥꯡꯁꯨ ꯇꯤꯡꯈꯪ ꯄꯥꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯅꯝ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯂꯩ ꯑꯉꯧꯕ ꯁꯥꯇꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯈꯣꯏꯅ (ꯈꯣꯏꯃꯨ ꯌꯥꯎꯅ) ꯄꯥꯝꯕ ꯂꯩꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
* ꯅꯣꯕꯥꯞ
* ꯍꯩꯖꯥꯡ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯎꯍꯩ
ꯆꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯘꯟꯇꯥ

**ꯆꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯘꯟꯇꯥ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Chandraghanta) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ ꯗꯨꯔꯒꯥꯒꯤ ꯳ꯁꯨꯕ ꯁꯥꯢꯑꯣꯟ ꯂꯥꯡꯑꯣꯟꯅꯤ ꯫
thumb|ꯆꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯘꯟꯇꯥ
ꯆꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯘꯟꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯕꯔꯥꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯇꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯗꯨꯔꯒꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯅꯤ: "ꯆꯟꯗ꯭ꯔ" ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯊꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯊ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ "ꯘꯟꯇꯥ" ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯜ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯀꯊꯣꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯕꯦꯂꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯊꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯆꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯘꯟꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯧꯅꯥ, ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯖꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯈꯉꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯏꯒꯔ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯤꯡꯍꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯈꯨꯠ ꯇꯔꯥꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ, ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ, ꯇꯔꯦꯡ, ꯕꯣ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯁꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯈꯨꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯚꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯖꯥꯜ ꯄꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯆꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯘꯟꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯟꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯧꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯇꯥꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯎꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯇꯨꯡꯏꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯈꯨꯔꯨꯃꯖꯕꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ, ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯩ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯄꯁꯨ ꯈꯉꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯕꯦꯜ (ꯘꯟꯇꯥ) ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯊꯋꯥꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯂꯥꯄꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯕ꯭ꯌ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯩ꯫ ꯚꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯅꯗꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯅꯤꯖꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯕꯨ ꯑꯔꯨꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯚꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯖꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

ꯅꯕꯔꯥꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯇꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯉꯥꯜ ꯅꯥꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯆꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯆꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯘꯟꯇꯥꯗꯥ ꯐꯨꯜ, ꯃꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ, ꯁꯉ꯭ꯒꯣꯝ ꯄꯤꯖꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯔꯊꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯈꯨꯔꯨꯃꯖꯕꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯟꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯋꯥꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯩ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯊꯧꯒꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯟꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
* ꯃꯍꯤꯁꯥꯁꯨꯔ
## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯆꯤꯉꯨ ꯈꯣꯌꯨꯝ ꯂꯥꯢꯌꯥꯝꯁꯤꯡ
ꯆꯣꯡꯊꯥꯝ

**ꯆꯣꯡꯊꯥꯝ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯈꯥ ꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯁꯂꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯌꯨꯝꯅꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯈꯥꯒꯣꯛꯄꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ
ꯆꯤꯂꯤ

**ꯆꯤꯂꯤ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Chile) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯂꯦꯟꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯅꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯕ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯎ
* ꯏꯁꯇꯔ ꯏꯊꯠ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯆꯤꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯆꯦꯛꯄꯜ

**ꯆꯤꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯆꯦꯛꯄꯜ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: **Great Wall of China**) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯛꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯆꯤꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇ ꯁꯥꯕ ꯂꯥꯟꯕꯟ ꯄꯔꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯉꯛꯄ ꯷ꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
* ꯈ꯭ꯔꯥꯢꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯗ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯃꯔ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯆꯤꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯕꯩꯖꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯥ

**ꯆꯤꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯕꯩꯖꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯥ** ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯅꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯖꯨꯁꯀꯤ ꯆ꯭ꯔꯆ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯱꯹꯱꯷ ꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯉꯥꯁꯤꯗꯤ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯲.꯵ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯑꯣꯟ ꯃꯨꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯦ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯵꯰ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯇꯤꯅꯦꯟꯇ ꯶ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯟꯂꯒꯥ ꯫ ꯆ꯭ꯔꯆ ꯁꯤ ꯑꯉꯟꯕꯥ ꯲꯰ ꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯍꯤ ꯆꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯦꯟꯇꯤꯀꯣꯁꯇꯦꯜ ꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯇꯦꯟꯅꯤꯇꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯟꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤ ꯫
꯱꯹꯳꯲ ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒꯥ | ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯆ꯭ꯔꯆ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯈꯔꯦ ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝꯗꯤ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ  ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯟꯇꯣꯛꯄꯥ ꯖꯤꯖꯨꯁ . ꯀꯤ ꯲ ꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯛꯇꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯫
ꯆ꯭ꯔꯆꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯥꯅꯥꯕ ꯱꯰ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ 
꯱. ꯍꯣꯂꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯠ 
꯲. ꯑꯣꯟꯁꯤꯟꯕꯥ 
꯳. ꯈꯣꯡꯇꯣꯟ ꯆꯥꯝꯕꯥ 
꯴. ꯍꯣꯂꯤ ꯀꯃꯨꯅꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ 
꯵. ꯁꯥꯕꯥꯊ ꯗꯦ 
꯶. ꯖꯤꯖꯨꯁ ꯈ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯁ 
꯷. ꯕꯥꯏꯕꯜ  
꯸. ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯈꯨꯕꯝ 
꯹. ꯆ꯭ꯔꯆ 
꯱꯰. ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜ ‌
ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯥꯡ ꯄꯥꯔꯦꯡ

**ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯥꯡ ꯄꯥꯔꯦꯡ** ꯅꯠꯇꯔꯒ **ꯆꯤꯡꯖꯥꯎ ꯄꯔꯦꯡ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯆꯤꯡ ꯃꯌꯥꯝ ꯄꯔꯦꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅ ꯂꯩ ꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯅꯠꯇꯒ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯄ ꯃꯌꯥꯝ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯁꯝꯅꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯫

## ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯥꯡ

## ꯈꯥꯏꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡ

## ꯑꯌꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯥ

 
ꯆꯤꯡꯖꯥꯎ ꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯑꯌꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯗ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯁꯥꯐꯨ ꯄꯤ ꯑꯁꯨꯝꯅ ꯅꯣꯡ ꯅꯌꯇꯔꯒ ꯎꯟ ꯫ ꯃꯂꯪꯕ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯅ ꯆꯤꯡꯖꯥꯎ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯍꯨꯝꯀꯠꯂꯛꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯑꯌꯤꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯅꯤꯜ ꯀꯥꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯅꯣꯡ ꯅꯠꯇꯔꯒ ꯎꯟ ꯁꯦꯝꯍꯅꯂꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯥꯡꯊꯔꯛꯄ

## ꯀꯪꯐꯥꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯣꯟꯁ

## ꯁꯤꯖꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ

*ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯆꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯈꯥꯏꯗꯣꯛꯄ
*ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯥꯡ ꯄꯔꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ
*ꯆꯤꯡꯖꯥꯎ ꯃꯈꯜ
*ꯆꯤꯡꯖꯥꯎꯁꯤꯡ
*Massif
*Mountain chain
*Mountain formation
*Ridge – an elongated mountain or hill, or chain of them

## ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

## ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒ ꯁꯝꯅꯐꯝ
*Peakbagger Ranges Home Page
*Bivouac.com
ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ

**ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯨ** (**ꯇꯤꯛ ꯎ**) (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Teak) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯟꯕ ꯎ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯎꯆꯥꯟ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯨꯕꯝ ꯑꯀꯥꯕ

**ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯨꯕꯝ ꯑꯀꯥꯕ** (꯱꯹꯴꯴ - ꯲꯰꯰꯷) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯂꯨꯆꯤꯡꯄꯨꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯅꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯣꯟꯠ ꯀꯧꯕ ꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯂꯝꯃꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯏꯝꯐꯥꯜꯗ ꯄꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ
ꯆꯤꯡꯆꯥꯂꯣꯢꯄꯤ

ꯆꯤꯡꯆꯥꯂꯣꯢꯄꯤ (ꯆꯤꯡꯆꯥꯔꯣꯢꯕꯤ) (ꯆꯤꯡꯖ꯭ꯔꯣꯢꯕꯤ) ꯍꯥꯢꯕꯁꯤꯅ ꯈꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯁꯤ:
# ꯆꯤꯡꯆꯥꯂꯣꯢꯄꯤ (ꯊꯋꯥꯟꯃꯤꯆꯥꯛ) 
# ꯆꯤꯡꯆꯥꯂꯣꯢꯄꯤ (ꯂꯥꯢ)
ꯆꯤꯡꯆꯥꯂꯣꯢꯄꯤ (ꯂꯥꯢ)

**"ꯆꯤꯡꯆꯥꯂꯣꯢꯄꯤ ꯎꯃꯥ ꯁꯅꯥ"** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯁꯅꯥꯃꯍꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯂꯣꯢꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯃꯔꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯗꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯁꯤꯜ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯁꯅꯥꯃꯍꯤꯒ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯕꯤꯗꯨꯅ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯁꯅꯥꯃꯍꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯆꯤꯟꯗ ꯄꯨꯟꯅ ꯂꯩꯃꯤꯟꯅꯍꯟꯈꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯆꯤꯡꯆꯥꯂꯣꯢꯄꯤ (ꯊꯋꯥꯟꯃꯤꯆꯥꯛ)

**"ꯆꯤꯡꯆꯥꯂꯣꯢꯄꯤ"** (ꯆꯤꯡꯆꯥꯔꯣꯢꯕꯤ, ꯆꯤꯡꯖ꯭ꯔꯣꯢꯕꯤ) (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Geminorum constellation) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯊꯋꯥꯟꯃꯤꯆꯥꯛ. ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯎ
* ꯆꯤꯡꯆꯥꯂꯣꯢꯄꯤ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯥꯡ ꯄꯔꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ

### ꯑꯁꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ

#ꯃꯤꯗ-ꯑꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯔꯤꯗꯖ – 
#Andes – 
#Rocky Mountains – 
#Great Dividing Range – 
#Transantarctic Mountains – 
#Kunlun Mountains – 
#Ural Mountains – 
#Atlas Mountains – 
#Appalachian Mountains – 
#Himalayas – 
#Altai Mountains – 
#Carpathian Mountains – 
#Kjølen – c. 
#Barisan Mountains – c. 
#Coast Mountains – 
#Qin Mountains – 
#Western Ghats – 
#Serra do Mar – 
#Taurus Mountains – 
#Zagros Mountains – 
#Sierra Madre Occidental – 
#Mantiqueira Mountains/Espinhaço Mountains – 
#Caucasus Mountains – 
#Vindhya Range – 
#Alps – 
#Apennines – 
#Drakensberg – 
#Cascade Mountains – 
#Annamite Range – 
#Brooks Range – 
#U.S. Interior Highlands
#Aravalli Range – 
#Southern Alps – 
#Balkan Mountains –
ꯆꯤꯡꯉꯥꯈꯝ

**ꯆꯤꯡꯉꯥꯈꯝ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯁꯂꯥꯏ ꯂꯩꯁꯥꯡꯊꯦꯝ ꯁꯂꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯌꯨꯝꯅꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ
ꯆꯤꯟ ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯀꯣꯇꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ

**ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯀꯣꯠ ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤ** ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯅ **ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯀꯣꯠꯇ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯌꯔꯁ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯔꯦꯜ ꯆꯤꯟ ꯁꯤ ꯍꯨꯋꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅ ꯂꯩꯈꯣꯝꯅ ꯁꯥꯈꯤꯕ 
ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯖꯅꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛꯇ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯒꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯨꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯥꯕ ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯤ ꯁꯤ ꯍꯨꯋꯥꯡꯒ ꯄꯨꯟꯅ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯜ ꯆꯟꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ ꯫
ꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯁꯨꯕ ꯆꯍꯤꯆꯥꯗ ꯁꯥꯈꯤꯕ 
ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯟꯖꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯚꯤꯟꯁ ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯆꯟꯕ ꯂꯤꯟꯇꯣꯡ ꯗꯤꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯇ ꯂꯧꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯀꯨꯝꯖꯥ ꯱꯹꯷꯴ ꯗ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯛꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯁꯥꯕ ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯇꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯈꯦꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅ ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯑꯅꯦꯝꯁꯨ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯔꯝꯗꯦ ꯫ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯖꯦꯅꯔꯦꯜꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤ ꯫ ꯈꯣꯡꯃꯤ ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤ ꫰ ꯁꯒꯣꯜ ꯒꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯁꯒꯣꯜ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯝꯁꯨ 
ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯀꯨꯝꯖꯥ ꯲꯰꯰꯷ ꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯀꯣꯝ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯥꯕ ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤ ꯸꯰꯰꯰ ꯁꯒꯣꯜ ꯒꯥꯔꯤ ꯱꯳꯰ ꯁꯒꯣꯜ ꯵꯲꯰ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯒꯣꯜ 
ꯇꯣꯡꯕ ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤ ꯱꯵꯰ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯕ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯈꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯁꯥꯕ ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯔꯦꯜ ꯆꯤꯟ ꯁꯤ ꯍꯨꯋꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯣꯡꯐꯝ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯀꯣꯝ ꯈꯔꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤ ꯅꯠꯇꯕ ꯑꯉꯝ ꯑꯇꯧ꫰ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯖꯤꯁꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯝꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯀꯨꯝꯖꯥ ꯱꯹꯷꯴ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯔꯆ ꯲꯹ ꯗ ꯂꯧꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯥꯎꯟꯠ ꯂꯤꯁꯥꯟꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯔꯦꯜ ꯆꯤꯟ ꯁꯤ ꯍꯨꯋꯥꯡꯒꯤ 
ꯃꯣꯡꯐꯝ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯒꯨꯍꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯗ ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯀꯣꯇꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯃꯤ 
ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯆꯍꯤꯆꯥ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝꯗꯨꯗ ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯀꯣꯇꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯦꯠ ꯃꯀꯥꯏ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯍꯟꯗꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯆꯣꯝꯂꯞ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯕꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯇꯥꯔꯛꯄꯗ ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯤꯖ ꯑꯥꯔꯀꯤꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕꯗ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛꯅ ꯁꯥꯕ ꯃꯤꯇꯝ ꯀꯌꯥꯃꯔꯨꯝ ꯃꯐꯝꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯔꯦꯜ ꯆꯤꯟ ꯁꯤ ꯍꯨꯋꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯣꯡꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯎꯟꯠ ꯂꯤꯒꯤ ꯆꯤꯡꯈꯣꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛꯅ ꯄꯤꯔꯥꯃꯤꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ ꯫ꯂꯩꯄꯜꯅ ꯄꯨꯝꯀꯣꯏ ꯀꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯃꯣꯡꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯨꯗ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁ꫰ ꯍꯣꯜ꫰ ꯁꯒꯣꯜꯁꯪ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯛꯆꯔ ꯀꯌꯥꯃꯔꯨꯝ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯣꯡꯐꯝ 
ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯈ꯭ꯔꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯆꯍꯤꯆꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯔꯣꯝ ꯂꯩꯔꯒ ꯇꯧꯊꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯌꯦꯡꯂꯨꯕꯗ ꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯵ (ꯐꯨꯠ ꯱꯶) ꯂꯣꯝ 
ꯋꯥꯡꯅ ꯂꯩꯁꯧ ꯀꯥꯔꯝꯕ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯈꯤ ꯫ꯑꯥꯔꯀꯤꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯥꯎꯠ ꯂꯤ-ꯒꯤ ꯆꯤꯡꯈꯣꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ ꯇꯧꯊꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯊꯤꯕꯗ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯣꯡꯐꯝ ꯀꯌꯥꯁꯨ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯍꯤꯁꯇꯣꯔꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯁꯤꯃꯥ ꯀꯤꯌꯟꯅ ꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯊꯝꯂꯝꯕ 
ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔꯗ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅ ꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡ ꯀꯨꯝꯖꯥ ꯲꯴꯶ ꯇ ꯆꯤꯟ ꯁꯤ ꯍꯨꯋꯥꯡꯅ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯱꯳ ꯁꯨꯔꯛꯄꯗ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯐꯝꯕꯥꯜ ꯍꯦꯛ ꯂꯥꯡꯕꯒ ꯃꯣꯁꯣꯂꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯄ ꯍꯧꯈ꯭ꯔꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯗ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯁꯨꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯂꯥꯈ ꯇꯔꯦꯠꯂꯣꯝ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯀꯣꯇꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯃꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯁꯤꯟꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯨꯠ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯍꯩꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯑꯐꯪꯕ ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯝ ꯈꯔ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯒ ꯁꯤꯟꯁꯪꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯁꯥꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ꫰ ꯃꯈꯣꯡ꫰ ꯃꯈꯨꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯣꯈꯥꯏ ꯇꯣꯈꯥꯏꯅ ꯁꯥꯔꯒ ꯀꯣꯟꯅ ꯄꯨꯜꯂꯞ ꯄꯥꯟꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤ꯫ ꯁꯥꯕ ꯂꯣꯏꯔꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯈꯣꯝ ꯇꯩꯁꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯔꯤꯜ ꯇꯥꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯝꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯊꯥꯖꯅꯔꯤ꯫
ꯁꯥꯕ ꯂꯣꯏꯔꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯝꯁꯤꯡ 
ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯝꯊꯣꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅ ꯃꯊꯪ ꯃꯅꯥꯎ ꯅꯥꯏꯅ ꯂꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯀꯣꯝꯖꯥꯎ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯊꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯃꯤꯒ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯃꯥꯟꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯂꯟꯃꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯔꯦꯞꯇ꫰ ꯐꯤꯖꯦꯠꯇ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯁꯝꯍꯥꯠꯇꯁꯨ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯦ꯫ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯊꯥꯡ꫰ ꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯇꯦꯟꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯏꯕ ꯃꯤꯇꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯃꯃꯦꯟ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯇꯩꯁꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯍꯦꯛ ꯎꯕꯗ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯃꯤ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯐꯝꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯪꯕ ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯝ ꯱꯲꯰ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯀꯣꯇꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯌꯔ ꯲꯰ ꯂꯟꯗꯟꯒꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯁ ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯖꯤꯌꯝꯗ ꯊꯝꯈꯤ꯫ ‘ꯗ ꯐꯥꯔꯁꯠ ꯑꯦꯝꯄꯌꯔ: ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥ’ꯖ ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯀꯣꯇꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯃꯤ’ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯃꯤꯡꯊꯣꯟꯕ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃ ꯀꯨꯝꯖꯥ ꯲꯰꯰꯷ ꯀꯤ ꯁꯦꯞꯇꯦꯝꯕ ꯱꯳ ꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯖꯥ ꯲꯰꯰꯸ ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯜ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯕꯥꯔꯁꯦꯂꯣꯅꯥ꫰ ꯃꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯗ꫰ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯤꯌꯥꯒꯣ꫰ ꯁꯦꯟ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯤꯁꯀꯣ꫰ ꯀꯥꯂꯤꯐꯣꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ꫰ ꯑꯦꯇꯂꯥꯟꯇꯥ꫰ ꯋꯥꯁꯤꯡꯇꯟ ꯗꯤ ꯁꯤ꫰ ꯇꯣꯔꯣꯟꯇꯣ ꫰ ꯁ꯭ꯋꯤꯗꯦꯟ꫰ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯁꯥꯎꯊ ꯋꯦꯜꯁ꫰ ꯃꯣꯟꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯌꯜ꫰ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ 
ꯗꯤꯜꯂꯤ꫰ ꯃꯨꯝꯕꯥꯏ꫰ ꯁꯂꯥꯔꯖꯪ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯀꯣꯜꯀꯇꯥꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕ ꯃꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯤꯁꯟ 
ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯀꯨꯝꯖꯥ ꯲꯰꯰꯷ ꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯐꯣꯔꯗ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯀꯦꯂꯤꯐꯣꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯦꯗꯚꯥꯟꯁ ꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯁꯣꯔꯁ ꯐꯦꯁꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯁꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕꯗ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯊꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯐꯤꯛ 
ꯃꯦꯊꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯀꯣꯇꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯌꯔꯁ ꯁꯥꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ ꯫
ꯆꯥ ꯃꯅꯥ

**ꯆꯥ ꯃꯅꯥ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯆꯥ ꯃꯍꯤ ꯁꯨꯡꯕꯗ ꯆꯪꯕ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯆꯥ (ꯃꯍꯤ)

**ꯆꯥ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯗ ꯊꯛꯅꯔꯕ ꯃꯍꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯆꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯑꯁꯪꯕ ꯆꯥ ꯱ꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯆꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯫ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯆꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯉꯟꯅ ꯊꯛꯅꯕ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯈꯤ, ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯊꯛꯄ ꯍꯧꯈꯤꯕ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯅꯤ ꯫
ꯀꯦꯐꯤꯟ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯆꯥ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯆꯟꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡ ꯇꯦꯛꯈꯠꯄꯗ ꯃꯇꯦꯟ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫ 
ꯆꯥ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯝ ꯃꯍꯥꯎ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯍꯥꯞꯄ ꯃꯆꯟ ꯈꯔ: ꯁꯪꯒꯣꯝ, ꯇꯦꯖꯄꯇ ꯃꯅꯥ, ꯁꯤꯡ, ꯂꯣꯡ, ꯆꯝꯄ꯭ꯔꯥ, ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯆꯤꯡꯕ꯫
ꯀꯁꯃꯤꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯀꯥꯍꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯆꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯃꯈꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯍꯥꯞꯄꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯗ ꯆꯥ ꯃꯅꯥꯗꯤ ꯍꯥꯞꯇꯦ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯈꯤꯕ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯊꯛꯅꯕ ꯃꯍꯤ
ꯆꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ

**ꯆꯥ** ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯗ ꯊꯛꯅꯕ ꯃꯍꯤ ꯑꯣꯢꯔꯤꯕ ꯆꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯨꯡꯅꯕ ꯊꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯆꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯁ ꯁꯤꯡꯅ *ꯊꯤꯌꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯅꯦꯟꯁꯤꯁ* ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ *ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯂꯤꯌꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯅꯦꯟꯁꯤꯁ* ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ꯫
ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯣꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯅꯥ, ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯅꯥ, ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯛ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯆꯦꯟꯕ ꯆꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫
ꯆꯥ ꯗ ꯀꯦꯐꯤꯟ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯆꯥ ꯊꯛꯄꯗ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯜ ꯇꯦꯛꯈꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯁ ꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ "ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯃꯨꯂꯦꯟꯠ" ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯇ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ꯫
ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯥꯝ ꯗ ꯆꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯊꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯁ ꯄꯥꯟꯂꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯍꯧꯗꯣꯛꯂꯝꯃꯤ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯆꯥꯄꯣꯛ ꯀꯌꯥꯠ

**ꯆꯥꯄꯣꯛ ꯀꯌꯥꯠ (gonad, private part, pubic part, reproductive organ, sex organ)** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯊꯋꯥꯢ ꯑꯄꯛꯃꯥꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯢꯕꯪ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯕ ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡ ꯀꯌꯥꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯆꯩꯍꯤ

**ꯆꯍꯤ** (**ꯆꯩꯍꯤ** ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ **ꯀꯨꯝ** ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯁꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ) (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Year) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅ ꯊꯥ ꯱꯲ ꯅ ꯁꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯑꯈꯟꯅ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯈꯔꯥꯇꯃꯛ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯤ ꯏꯊꯣꯄꯤꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ ꯊꯥ ꯱꯳ꯅ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯱ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯍꯟꯂꯤ ꯫

## ꯒꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯊꯄꯥꯂꯣꯟ
ꯒꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯊꯄꯥꯂꯣꯟ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯱ ꯁꯤ ꯊꯥ ꯱꯲ ꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯏ ꯫
**ꯊꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ:** 
*ꯖꯥꯅꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
*ꯐꯦꯕꯔꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
*ꯃꯥꯔꯆ
*ꯑꯦꯄꯔꯤꯜ
*ꯃꯦ
*ꯖꯨꯟ
*ꯖꯨꯂꯥꯏ
*ꯑꯒꯨꯁꯠ
*ꯁꯦꯞꯇꯦꯝꯕꯔ
*ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯣꯕꯔ
*ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯝꯕꯔ
*ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯝꯕꯔ

## ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯊꯥ ꯱꯲ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ
ꯋꯥꯀꯣꯛꯂꯣꯟ ꯍꯤꯂꯦꯜ ꯊꯤꯂꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯥꯏ ꯏꯂꯣꯟ ꯄꯨꯀꯣꯛ ꯄꯨꯌꯥ 
ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯊꯥꯂꯣꯟ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯫

*꯱. ꯋꯥꯛꯆꯤꯡ
*꯲. ꯐꯥꯏꯔꯦꯜ
*꯳. ꯂꯝꯇꯥ
*꯴. ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯕꯨ
*꯵. ꯀꯥꯂꯦꯟ
*꯶. ꯏꯉꯥ
*꯷. ꯏꯉꯦꯟ
*꯸. ꯊꯧꯋꯥꯟ
*꯹. ꯂꯥꯡꯄꯟ
*꯱꯰. ꯃꯦꯔꯥ
*꯱꯱. ꯍꯤꯌꯥꯡꯀꯩ
*꯱꯲. ꯄꯣꯏꯅꯨ

## ꯁꯤꯖꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
*ꯆꯌꯣꯜ ꯵꯶
*ꯊꯥ ꯱꯲

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯤꯁ ꯋꯤꯀꯤꯄꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥ

**ꯈꯥꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯒꯤ ꯋꯤꯀꯤꯄꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥ** ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ **ꯈꯥꯀꯤ ꯋꯤꯀꯤꯄꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥ** ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ **ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯤꯁ ꯋꯤꯀꯤꯄꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥ** (ꯌꯦꯜꯍꯧꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯈꯥꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯟ: 中文維基百科, ꯆꯝꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕ ꯈꯥꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯟ: 中文维基百科, ꯄꯤꯟꯌꯤꯟ (ꯈꯥꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯟꯆꯟ)= Zhōngwén Wéijī Bǎikē) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯠꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯔꯕ ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯤꯁ ꯂꯣꯟꯗ ꯏꯕ ꯋꯤꯀꯤꯄꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯋꯤꯀꯤꯃꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯕꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯕꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯆꯠꯊꯕꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯀꯨꯝꯖꯥ ꯲꯰꯰꯱, ꯃꯦ ꯱꯱ ꯗ ꯍꯧꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯋꯤꯀꯤꯄꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯃꯥꯏ 
 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯅ ꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯟꯂꯕ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯅ ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯤꯁ ꯀꯤꯀꯤꯄꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯆꯨꯞꯂꯤ ꯄꯥꯏꯔꯤ ꯫ ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯤꯁ ꯋꯤꯀꯤꯄꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥꯁꯤ ꯃꯌꯥꯏꯊꯪꯕ ꯆꯥꯏꯅ ꯗ ꯀꯨꯝꯖ ꯲꯰꯱꯵ ꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯂꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯫

ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯤꯁ ꯋꯤꯀꯤꯄꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯟꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯏꯟꯁꯥꯏꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯄꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯗ ꯃꯔꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯅꯤ Hudong Baike (互动百科), Baidu Baike (百度百科) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ Soso Baike (搜搜百科) ꯃꯈꯣꯏ ꯳ꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯛ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯫

## ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ
ꯆꯥ

ꯆꯥ ꯍꯥꯢꯔꯒ ꯈꯪꯅꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤ:-
* ꯃꯆꯥ
* ꯆꯥ ꯃꯅꯥ
* ꯆꯥ (ꯃꯍꯤ)
* ꯆꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ
* ꯆꯥ (ꯄꯣꯠ)
ꯆꯥꯖꯤꯡ ꯈꯨꯅꯧ

ꯆꯥꯖꯤꯡ ꯈꯨꯅꯧ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄꯥ ꯈꯨꯟ ꯱ ꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯝꯐꯥꯜꯗꯒꯤ ꯷꯵ km ꯃꯨꯛ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯩꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯫
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## ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯟꯖꯥꯑꯣ **ꯂꯤꯂꯣꯡ ꯆꯥꯖꯤꯡ** ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯣꯡꯉꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯱꯹꯶꯰ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃ ꯑꯗꯨꯋꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯲/꯳ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯒꯥ ꯌꯨꯝ ꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯂꯤꯂꯣꯡ ꯆꯥꯖꯤꯡ ꯁꯤ ꯶꯵ km ꯃꯨꯛ ꯂꯥꯞꯄꯤ **ꯆꯥꯖꯤꯡ ꯈꯨꯅꯧ** ꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯩꯗꯥ ꯫ꯉ

## ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯝꯁꯤꯡ

## ꯁꯥꯟꯅ ꯈꯣꯠꯅꯕ

## ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕꯥ
ꯈꯨꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯳꯰꯰ ꯂꯣꯝ ꯂꯩ ꯫ ꯌꯨꯝ ꯸꯶ ꯃꯨꯛ ꯂꯩ ꯫
ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ ꯫

## ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯍꯩꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ
ꯈꯨꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯌꯣꯏ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯃꯥꯌꯦꯛ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ ꯫
ꯆꯥꯗꯥ ꯸꯰ ꯃꯨꯛ ꯅꯤ | ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯗꯥ ꯸꯵ ꯃꯨꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯦꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯗꯥ ꯷꯵ ꯃꯨꯛ ꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯂꯥꯏꯈꯣꯏꯔꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡ ꯂꯤꯆꯠ
ꯈꯨꯟꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯄꯨꯝ ꯀꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ** ꯁꯥꯅꯃꯍꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡ** ꯆꯠꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯈꯨꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯏꯊꯪ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯩꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯟꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯄꯨꯡ/ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯡ ꯂꯩ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯗ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ **ꯎ ꯃꯪ ꯂꯥꯏꯍꯔꯥꯎꯕꯥ** ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛ ꯏ ꯀꯥꯂꯦꯟ ꯒꯤ**꯲ ꯅꯤ** ꯄꯥꯟꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯇꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯵ ꯅꯤ ꯆꯪꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛ ꯏ ꯫

## ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯤꯂꯩꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ
ꯆꯥꯛꯍꯥꯎ

**ꯆꯥꯛꯍꯥꯎ (ꯆꯥꯍꯥꯎ)** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯌꯦꯜꯍꯧꯉꯩꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯂꯥꯛꯂꯕ ꯐꯧ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯪꯕ ꯆꯦꯡꯁꯤ ꯃꯅꯝ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕ, ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡꯗ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯎ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯗ ꯊꯣꯢꯗꯣꯛ ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯆꯦꯡ
ꯆꯥꯛꯍꯥꯎ ꯈꯤꯔ

**ꯆꯥꯛꯍꯥꯎ ꯈꯤꯔ** (ꯔꯣꯃꯥꯟ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ: Chak-hao kheer) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔ, ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯆꯥꯅꯕ ꯃꯊꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯛꯍꯥꯎ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯆꯥꯛ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯆꯦꯔꯩ

**ꯆꯦꯔꯩ** (ꯆꯦꯂꯩ) (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Bougainvillea) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯃꯆꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯅ ꯂꯩꯒꯨꯝꯅ ꯐꯖꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯊꯥꯅꯕ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ
ꯆꯦꯔꯩ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯱-꯱꯲ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯋꯥꯡꯢ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ

ꯆꯦꯔꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯉꯩꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯅ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯐꯝꯗ ꯊꯥꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯂꯥꯛꯂꯤ꯫

## ꯊꯥꯕ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕ

ꯆꯦꯔꯩ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯇꯦꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯢꯅ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯐꯝꯗ ꯊꯥꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯂꯥꯛꯂꯤ꯫

## ꯃꯃꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ
꯱꯫ **ꯄꯨꯇꯤ ꯇꯥꯢ ꯅꯣꯚꯤꯌꯨ**- ꯒ꯭ꯋꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯀꯧꯕ ꯃꯤꯡ꯫

꯲꯫ **ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯃꯥꯚꯦꯔꯥ**- ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯅꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯀꯧꯕ ꯃꯤꯡ꯫

## ꯍꯨ ꯆꯦꯟꯕ
ꯆꯦꯔꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯡꯁꯤ ꯍꯨ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯌꯥꯛ ꯀꯜꯂꯤ꯫
## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯌꯦꯟꯁꯤꯟ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯆꯨ

ꯆꯨ ꯍꯥꯢꯔꯒ ꯈꯪꯅꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤ:-
* ꯆꯨ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ
* ꯆꯨꯍꯤ
* ꯆꯨ (ꯊꯧꯇꯥꯛ)
ꯆꯨ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ

**ꯆꯨ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Sugarcane) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯃꯈꯣꯛ ꯄꯥꯟꯕ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
* ꯆꯨꯍꯤ
* ꯆꯥ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯆꯥꯕ ꯇꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯍꯦꯟꯕ ꯀꯌꯥꯠꯁꯤꯡ

**ꯆꯥꯕ ꯇꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯍꯦꯟꯕ ꯀꯌꯥꯠꯁꯤꯡ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Accessory organs of digestion) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯌꯦꯡ, ꯇꯤꯜ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯀꯌꯥꯠꯁꯤꯡ, ꯄꯦꯟꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯌꯥꯁ, ꯂꯤꯚꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯒꯣꯜ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯗꯔ ꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯏ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯆꯨꯆꯥꯛ

**ꯆꯨꯆꯥꯛ** (**ꯆꯨꯖꯥꯛ**) () ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯄꯥꯟꯕ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯆꯨꯖꯥꯛ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯒꯁꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯕ ꯆꯨꯖꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯊꯨꯡꯅ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ꯅꯥꯠ ꯀꯌꯥꯗ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯍꯋꯥꯏ-ꯆꯦꯡꯋꯥꯏ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯅ ꯐꯪꯏ, ꯀꯣꯕꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯆꯨꯖꯥꯛꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒ ꯀꯣꯔ꯭ꯟꯃꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯣꯞꯀꯣꯔ꯭ꯟꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ꯫ ꯆꯨꯖꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯎ ꯈꯛꯇ ꯅꯠꯇꯅ ꯇꯉꯥꯏꯐꯗꯕ ꯃꯆꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯊꯜꯂꯤ꯫

## ꯃꯈꯜꯁꯤꯡ

ꯆꯨꯖꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯀꯌꯥꯗ ꯂꯥꯛꯏ, ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯇꯣꯞ-ꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯒꯨꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ:

ꯑꯊꯨꯝꯕ ꯆꯨꯖꯥꯛ: ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯆꯥꯕ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯊꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯍꯥꯎꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ꯫

ꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯀꯣꯔ꯭ꯟ: ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯁꯥ-ꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫

ꯄꯣꯞꯀꯣꯔ꯭ꯟ: ꯁꯥꯔꯛꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯐ꯭ꯂꯤꯟꯠ ꯀꯣꯔ꯭ꯟ: ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯟꯕ ꯀꯔꯅꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ, ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅ ꯂꯩꯇꯦꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫

ꯗꯦꯟꯠ ꯀꯣꯔ꯭ꯟ: ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥ-ꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯗꯦꯟ꯭ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯟꯕꯅꯤ꯫
## ꯃꯆꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ

ꯆꯨꯖꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯛꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯃꯆꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯍꯋꯥꯏ ꯆꯦꯡꯋꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ: ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯦꯃꯤꯛ ꯏꯟꯗꯦꯛꯁ꯱ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯑꯐꯕ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯜꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯔ: ꯗꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯕ ꯍꯛꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯕ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯃ ꯊꯝꯕꯗ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯲꯫

ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯟ: ꯇꯉꯥꯏꯐꯗꯕ ꯑꯦꯃꯤꯅꯣ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯟ꯱ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫

ꯚꯤꯇꯥꯃꯤꯟꯁꯤꯡ: ꯑꯦꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯕꯣꯂꯤꯖꯝꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯊꯤꯌꯥꯃꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯣꯂꯦꯠ ꯌꯥꯎꯅ ꯕꯤ ꯚꯤꯇꯥꯃꯤꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯏꯅ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫

ꯃꯤꯅꯔꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ: ꯃꯦꯒꯅꯦꯁꯤꯌꯝ, ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯁꯤꯌꯝ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ꯲ꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯇꯉꯥꯏꯐꯗꯕ ꯃꯤꯅꯔꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯠꯁꯤꯡ: ꯃꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯍꯛꯁꯦꯜꯗ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕ ꯂꯨꯇꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯦꯛꯁꯥꯟꯊꯤꯟꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯀꯝꯄꯥꯎꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯋꯤ꯫
## ꯍꯛꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛꯇ ꯆꯨꯖꯥꯛ ꯌꯥꯎꯍꯟꯕꯅ ꯍꯛꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ:

ꯗꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯕ ꯍꯦꯜꯊ: ꯆꯨꯖꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯇꯨꯝꯕꯗ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯉꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯍꯥꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯗꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛꯏ ꯱꯫

ꯊꯃꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯍꯛꯁꯦꯜ: ꯀꯣꯔ꯭ꯟꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯇꯥꯁꯤꯌꯝꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯗ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯃꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯍꯛꯁꯦꯜꯗ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯲꯫

ꯃꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯍꯛꯁꯦꯜ: ꯂꯨꯇꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯦꯛꯁꯥꯟꯊꯤꯟꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯆꯍꯤꯒ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯃꯦꯀꯨꯂꯔ ꯗꯤꯖꯦꯅꯦꯔꯦꯁꯟ꯱ꯗꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛꯏ꯫

ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯤꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕ: ꯆꯨꯖꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯂꯣꯔꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯤꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯐꯕ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
## ꯊꯣꯡ-ꯊꯥꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ

ꯆꯨꯖꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯛꯈꯨꯝꯗ ꯊꯥꯖꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯀꯌꯥꯗ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ:

ꯑꯅꯧꯕ: ꯀꯣꯕꯇ ꯐꯨꯠꯂꯕ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯆꯨꯖꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯥꯂꯦꯟꯊꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯄꯥꯝꯅꯕ ꯑꯆꯥ-ꯑꯊꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯄꯣꯞꯀꯣꯔ꯭ꯟ: ꯕꯠꯇꯔ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯊꯨꯝ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯅ ꯁꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯕ ꯑꯆꯥꯄꯣꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯀꯣꯔ꯭ꯟꯃꯤꯜ: ꯀꯣꯔ꯭ꯟꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ, ꯄꯣꯂꯦꯟꯇꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯣꯔꯇꯤꯂꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯕꯦꯀꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯣꯡ-ꯊꯥꯛꯄꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫

ꯀꯦꯟ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯟ: ꯁꯨꯞ, ꯁꯥꯂꯥꯗ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯁꯔꯣꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯆꯨꯖꯥꯛ ꯍꯥꯞꯆꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕ ꯃꯈꯜꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯀꯣꯔ꯭ꯟ ꯁꯤꯔꯞ: ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯀꯌꯥꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯊꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯆꯨꯍꯤ

**ꯆꯨꯍꯤ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯆꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯪꯨꯡꯕ ꯃꯍꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯣꯟꯊꯣꯛꯂꯒ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯃꯍꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯆꯨꯍꯤꯡ

**ꯆꯨꯍꯤꯡ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯆꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯨꯡꯕ ꯊꯛꯅꯅꯕ ꯃꯍꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯍꯩꯅꯧ ꯃꯍꯤ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯆꯨꯡꯁꯦꯟꯅꯨꯕꯤ

**"ꯆꯨꯡꯁꯦꯟꯅꯨꯕꯤ"** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Cancer constellation) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯊꯋꯥꯟꯃꯤꯆꯥꯛ ꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯆꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯊꯪ ꯃꯅꯥꯎ

## ꯰<sup>꯰</sup>
ꯑꯃꯥ

## ꯱꯰<sup>꯱</sup>
ꯇꯔꯥ

## ꯱꯰<sup>꯲</sup>
ꯆꯥꯥꯝꯃꯥ

## ꯱꯰<sup>꯳</sup>
ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ

## ꯱꯰<sup>꯴</sup>
ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯔꯥ

## ꯱꯰<sup>꯵</sup>
ꯂꯤꯆꯥ

## ꯱꯰<sup>꯶</sup>
ꯂꯤꯆꯥ ꯇꯔꯥ

## ꯱꯰<sup>꯷</sup>
ꯂꯤꯄꯨꯟ

## ꯱꯰<sup>꯸</sup>
ꯂꯤꯄꯨꯟ ꯇꯔꯥ

## ꯱꯰<sup>꯹</sup>
ꯂꯤꯄꯣꯠ

## ꯱꯰<sup>꯱꯰</sup>
ꯂꯤꯄꯣꯠ ꯇꯔꯥ

## ꯱꯰<sup>꯱꯱</sup>
ꯂꯤꯀꯩ

## ꯱꯰<sup>꯱꯲</sup>
ꯂꯤꯀꯩ ꯇꯔꯥ

## ꯱꯰<sup>꯱꯳</sup>
ꯄꯨ ꯑꯃ
ꯇ

**ꯇ** (**ꯇꯤꯟ**) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ ꯏꯕꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯀꯤ ꯸ꯁꯨꯕ ꯃꯄꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯇ ꯃꯄꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯃꯄꯨꯝ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯄꯨꯟꯅ ꯲꯷ ꯁꯨꯏ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
ꯋꯥꯀꯣꯛꯂꯣꯟ ꯍꯤꯂꯦꯜ ꯊꯤꯂꯦꯜ ꯁꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯥꯏꯂꯣꯟ ꯄꯨꯀꯣꯛ ꯄꯨꯌꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯀꯣꯛ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯁꯤ ꯃꯂꯤꯌꯥꯐꯝ ꯄꯥꯜꯆꯥ ꯱ ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯛꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯌꯥꯡ ꯍꯤꯔꯜ ꯂꯩꯖꯩ ꯫
## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
* ꯇꯤꯁꯨ (ꯅꯩꯅꯂꯣꯟ)
* ꯇꯨ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ
ꯇꯁꯣ ꯃꯣꯔꯤꯔꯤ

Ladakh was established as a union territory of India on 31 October 2019, following the passage of the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act. Prior to that, it was part of the Jammu and Kashmir state. Ladakh is the largest and the second least populous union territory of India.[

**ꯇꯁꯣ ꯃꯣꯔꯤꯔꯤ**

## ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ

## ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒ ꯁꯝꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ

* Tso Moriri Travel Guide  
* Himalayan Jeep Safari : Manali - Tso-Morari - Leh 
* Government of Jammu & Kashmir, Department of Wildlife Protection, Wildlife Division (LAHDC), Leh Ladakh (Undated): Tso Moriri Wetland Conservation Reserve (The Wildlife Guide)
* Rizvi, J. (1996) Ladakh: Crossroads of High Asia, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, India
* Travel Article on Tso Moriri
ꯇꯃꯟꯅꯥ ꯚꯥꯇꯤꯌꯥ

**ꯇꯃꯟꯅꯥ ꯚꯥꯇꯤꯌꯥ** (ꯄꯣꯛꯄ ꯲꯱ ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯱꯹꯸꯹) ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯤ, ꯇꯦꯂꯨꯒꯨ, ꯇꯥꯃꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯤ ꯐꯤꯜꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯨꯈꯌꯇꯃ ꯀꯥꯃ ꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯑꯚꯤꯅꯦꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯤ꯫ ꯸꯹ ꯐꯤꯜꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯛꯁꯤꯅ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯤꯌꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯅꯦꯃꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯢ ꯃꯄꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯅꯣꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯚꯤꯅꯦꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ, ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯟꯇꯣꯁꯃ ꯐꯤꯜꯃ ꯑꯋꯥꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯳, ꯗꯛꯁꯤꯅ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯤꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯟꯇꯔꯖꯥꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯐꯤꯜꯃ ꯑꯋꯥꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯲ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯂꯥꯢꯃꯥꯃꯅꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯔꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯔꯕ ꯖꯤꯕꯟ
ꯇꯃꯟꯅꯥ ꯚꯥꯇꯤꯌꯥ ꯖꯟꯃ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯲꯱ ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯱꯹꯸꯹ ꯇꯥ ꯕꯣꯝꯕꯦ (ꯑꯈꯣꯢ ꯃꯨꯝꯕꯥꯏ) ꯇꯥ, ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯇꯥ꯫ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯥ-ꯃꯃꯥ ꯁꯟꯇꯣꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯥꯖꯅꯤ ꯚꯥꯇꯤꯌꯥ ꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯥꯟꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯟꯗ ꯚꯥꯇꯤꯌꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛ ꯁꯤꯟꯙꯤ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢ ꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯨꯝꯕꯥꯢꯗꯥ ꯃꯅꯦꯛꯖꯤ ꯀꯨꯄꯔ ꯏꯗꯨꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯁꯇ ꯁꯀꯨꯜꯗꯥ ꯁꯀꯨꯜ ꯄꯊꯔꯈꯤ꯫ ꯱꯳ ꯇꯨꯝꯗꯥ, ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯚꯤꯅꯦ ꯁꯤꯛꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯔꯤꯊꯕꯤ ꯊꯤꯌꯦꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯱ ꯇꯥꯈꯥ ꯇꯧꯅꯥ, ꯃꯘꯆ ꯄꯔꯗꯔꯁꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯪꯁ ꯆꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ꯫

## ꯀꯔꯃꯖꯤꯕꯟ
ꯇꯃꯟꯅꯥ ꯚꯥꯇꯤꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯲꯰꯰꯵ ꯇꯥ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯤ ꯐꯤꯜꯃ ꯆꯟꯗ ꯁꯥ ꯔꯣꯁꯟ ꯆꯦꯍꯔꯥꯗꯥ ꯑꯚꯤꯅꯦ ꯑꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯃꯊꯪ, ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯂꯨꯒꯨ ꯐꯤꯜꯃ ꯁꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯚꯤꯅꯦ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯲꯰꯰꯶ ꯇꯥ, ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯃꯤꯜ ꯐꯤꯜꯃ ꯀꯦꯗꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯚꯤꯅꯦ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯲꯰꯰꯷ ꯇꯥ, ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯄꯤ ꯗꯦꯁ (ꯇꯦꯂꯨꯒꯨ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯂꯣꯔꯤ (ꯇꯥꯃꯤꯜ) ꯗꯥ ꯑꯚꯤꯅꯦ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯂꯦꯖ ꯁꯤꯛꯁꯔꯊꯤꯒꯤ ꯚꯨꯃꯤꯀꯥ ꯍꯥꯎꯕ ꯗꯨꯢ ꯐꯤꯜꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯛ ꯃꯔꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯌꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯜꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯢ ꯃꯄꯨ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ꯫ ꯑꯤꯁꯤ ꯚꯨꯃꯤꯀꯥꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯄꯨ ꯇꯦꯂꯨꯒꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯥꯃꯤꯜ ꯁꯤꯅꯦꯃꯥꯗꯥ ꯃꯨꯈꯌ ꯑꯚꯤꯅꯦꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ꯫

ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯨꯈꯌ ꯇꯦꯂꯨꯒꯨ ꯐꯤꯜꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯚꯤꯅꯦ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ, ꯌꯦꯅꯦꯗꯥ, ꯍꯦꯄꯤ ꯗꯦꯁ (꯲꯰꯰꯷), ꯀꯣꯟꯆꯦꯝ ꯏꯁꯇꯃ ꯀꯣꯟꯆꯦꯝ ꯀꯁꯇꯃ (꯲꯰꯰꯹), ꯱꯰꯰% ꯂꯥꯚ (꯲꯰꯱꯱), ꯎꯁꯔꯕꯦꯜꯂꯤ (꯲꯰꯱꯱), ꯔꯥꯆꯥ (꯲꯰꯱꯲), ꯇꯗꯈꯥ (꯲꯰꯱꯳), ꯕꯥꯍꯨꯕꯂꯤ: ꯗ ꯕꯤꯒꯅꯤꯡ (꯲꯰꯱꯵), ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯜ ꯇꯥꯢꯒꯔ (꯲꯰꯱꯵), ꯎꯄꯤꯔꯤ (꯲꯰꯱꯶), ꯕꯥꯍꯨꯕꯂꯤ ꯲ ꯗ ꯀꯟꯀꯂꯨꯁꯟ (꯲꯰꯱꯷), ꯑꯦꯐ꯲ ꯐꯟ ꯑꯦꯟꯗ ꯐꯔꯁꯇꯔꯦꯁꯟ (꯲꯰꯱꯹), ꯁꯥꯌ ꯔꯥ ꯅꯔꯁꯤꯝꯍ ꯔꯦꯗꯗꯤ (꯲꯰꯱꯹) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯐ꯳ ꯐꯟ ꯑꯦꯟꯗ ꯐꯔꯁꯇꯔꯦꯁꯟ (꯲꯰꯲꯲)꯫ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯨꯈꯌ ꯇꯥꯃꯤꯜ ꯐꯤꯜꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ, ꯌꯦꯅꯦꯗꯥ, ꯀꯂꯣꯔꯤ (꯲꯰꯰꯷), ꯑꯌꯥꯟ (꯲꯰꯰꯹), ꯄꯥꯢꯌꯥ (꯲꯰꯱꯰), ꯁꯤꯔꯨꯊꯥꯢ (꯲꯰꯱꯱), ꯕꯤꯔꯃ (꯲꯰꯱꯴), ꯗꯔꯃ ꯗꯨꯔꯥꯢ (꯲꯰꯱꯶), ꯗꯦꯕꯤ (꯲꯰꯱꯶), ꯁꯀꯦꯆ (꯲꯰꯱꯴), ꯖꯦꯂꯔ (꯲꯰꯲꯳) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯟꯃꯅꯥꯢ ꯴ (꯲꯰꯲꯴)꯫ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯤꯚꯤ ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯖꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥꯍꯥꯢ ꯑꯚꯤꯅꯦ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ, ꯌꯦꯅꯦꯗꯥ, ꯱꯱ꯊ ꯑꯥꯎꯋꯥꯔ (꯲꯰꯲꯱), ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯁꯇꯣꯔꯤ (꯲꯰꯲꯱), ꯖꯤ ꯀꯔꯗꯥ (꯲꯰꯲꯳), ꯑꯥꯈꯔꯤ ꯁꯆ (꯲꯰꯲꯳), ꯗꯣ ꯌꯨ ꯋꯥꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯅꯔ (꯲꯰꯲꯱)꯫

## ꯐꯤꯜꯃꯣꯒꯔꯥꯐꯤ

## ꯑꯋꯥꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ

## ꯑꯇꯩ ꯀꯥꯃꯁꯤꯡ
ꯇꯃꯟꯅꯥ ꯚꯥꯇꯤꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯚꯤꯅꯦꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄꯥ ꯀꯥꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯪꯁ ꯆꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ꯫ ꯲꯰꯱꯰ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ, ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯐꯥꯟꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯟꯗꯔꯤꯀꯥ ꯑꯌꯨꯔꯕꯦꯗꯤꯛ ꯁꯣꯞꯀꯤ ꯇꯦꯂꯤꯕꯤꯁꯟ ꯕꯤꯖꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ꯫ ꯲꯰꯱꯵ ꯃꯥꯔꯆꯇꯥ, ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯖꯤ ꯇꯦꯂꯨꯒꯨꯀꯤ ꯄꯔꯇꯤꯅꯤꯗꯤꯊꯕ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯀꯤ ꯒꯍꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯕꯔꯦꯟꯗ, ꯍꯣꯌꯥꯢꯇ ꯑꯦꯟꯗ ꯒꯣꯜꯗ, ꯍꯧꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ꯫ ꯲꯰꯱꯶ ꯖꯥꯅꯨꯌꯥꯔꯤꯇꯥ, ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯇꯤ ꯕꯆꯥꯎ ꯕꯦꯇꯤ ꯄꯊꯥꯎ ꯄꯔꯆꯥꯔꯟꯥ ꯁꯃꯔꯊꯟ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯲꯰꯱꯴ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯲꯰꯲꯳ ꯇꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯄꯔꯤꯃꯤꯌꯔ ꯂꯤꯒ ꯎꯗꯕꯣꯗꯅꯤ ꯑꯟꯊꯨꯁꯊꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯔꯗꯔꯁꯅ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ꯫

ꯇꯃꯟꯅꯥ ꯚꯥꯇꯤꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯛ ꯀꯥꯎꯇꯤꯟꯍꯣꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯛ ꯇꯨ ꯗꯤ ꯔꯨꯇꯁ ꯂꯧꯈꯤ, ꯄꯦꯡꯒꯨꯏꯟ ꯔꯦꯟꯗꯝ ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯲꯰꯲꯱ ꯑꯒꯁꯇꯇꯥ ꯄꯔꯀꯥꯁ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯲꯰꯲꯲ ꯁꯦꯞꯇꯦꯝꯕꯔꯇꯥ, ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯨꯒꯔ ꯀꯣꯁꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁꯇꯥ ꯏꯀꯨꯏꯇꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯅꯔ ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ꯫ ꯲꯰꯲꯳ ꯇꯥ, ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯖꯥꯅꯨꯌꯥꯔꯤꯇꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯥꯏꯐꯦꯜ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯥꯟꯁ, ꯖꯨꯂꯥꯏꯇꯥ ꯚꯤꯑꯦꯜꯁꯤꯁꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯣꯕꯔꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯁꯦꯏꯗꯣꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯊꯝ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯤꯌꯒꯤ ꯔꯥꯌꯚꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥ ꯄꯔꯆꯥꯔ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯲꯰꯲꯴ ꯖꯥꯅꯨꯌꯥꯔꯤꯇꯥ, ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯜꯂꯦꯀꯔ ꯒꯦꯖꯦꯇꯁ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗꯀꯤ ꯏꯌꯥꯔꯕꯥꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯃꯥꯔꯇꯋꯥꯆꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯔꯆꯥꯔ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯲꯰꯲꯴ ꯃꯥꯔꯆꯇꯥ, ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯔꯁꯅꯥ, ꯁꯣꯐꯇ ꯗꯔꯤꯡꯀ ꯀꯣꯟꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔꯦꯇ, ꯄꯔꯇꯤꯅꯤꯗꯤꯊꯕ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯲꯰꯲꯵ ꯃꯦ ꯇꯥ, ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯟꯥꯇꯀ ꯁꯣꯞꯁ ꯑꯦꯟꯗ ꯗꯤꯇꯔꯖꯦꯟꯇꯁ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗꯀꯤ ꯕꯔꯦꯟꯗ ꯑꯦꯝꯕꯦꯁꯦꯗꯔ ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯌꯨꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ, ꯃꯥꯢꯁꯣꯔ ꯁꯦꯟꯗꯜ ꯁꯣꯞꯀꯤ ꯄꯔꯇꯤꯅꯤꯗꯤꯊꯕ ꯲ ꯇꯥꯈꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯌꯦꯛꯀꯤ ꯇꯧꯅꯥ꯫

## ꯅꯣꯇꯁꯤꯡ

## ꯔꯦꯐꯔꯦꯟꯁꯁꯤꯡ

## ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯂꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ

* ꯇꯃꯟꯅꯥ ꯚꯥꯇꯤꯌꯥ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯥꯒꯔꯥꯝ
* ꯇꯃꯟꯅꯥ ꯚꯥꯇꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯦꯝꯗꯤꯕꯤ
* ꯇꯃꯟꯅꯥ ꯚꯥꯇꯤꯌꯥ ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯟ ꯇꯣꯃꯦꯇꯣꯁ
* ꯇꯃꯟꯅꯥ ꯚꯥꯇꯤꯌꯥ ꯕꯣꯂꯤꯋꯨꯗ ꯍꯧꯉꯒꯥꯃꯥ
ꯇꯥꯃꯤꯜ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ

**ꯇꯃꯤꯜ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ (ꯇꯥꯃꯤꯜ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ) (Tamil script)** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯇꯃꯤꯜ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
* ꯇꯥꯃꯤꯜ ꯂꯣꯟ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯇꯈꯦꯜꯂꯝꯕꯝ ꯊꯣꯢꯕꯤ ꯗꯦꯕꯤ

**ꯇꯈꯦꯜꯂꯝꯕꯝ ꯊꯣꯢꯕꯤ ꯗꯦꯕꯤ (Takhellambam Thoibi Devi)** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯁꯤꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯈꯨꯠꯃꯥꯕ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯏꯕꯤ ꯳ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯲ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯀꯦ. ꯕꯤꯅꯣꯗꯤꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯈꯥꯢꯗꯦꯝ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯃꯣꯗꯤꯅꯤ ꯗꯦꯕꯤꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯇꯈꯦꯜꯂꯩ

**"ꯇꯈꯦꯜꯂꯩ" (Hedychium, Butterfly lily, Ginger lily)** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩ ꯁꯥꯠꯄ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
* ꯆꯨꯆꯥꯛ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯆꯪꯗꯔꯌꯥꯗꯔꯕ ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯟ (ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯀꯣꯗ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ)

**ꯆꯪꯗꯔꯌꯥꯗꯔꯕ ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯟ** ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯀꯣꯗ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯀꯣꯗ ꯊꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛꯁꯤ ꯈꯛꯇꯅꯤ ꯕꯥꯏꯠ ꯱ ꯗ ꯀꯣꯗ ꯇꯧꯁꯤꯟꯕꯁꯤ UTF-8ꯗ ꯫ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯑꯦꯁꯁꯤꯑꯥꯏ ꯏꯟꯀꯣꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯇꯔꯣꯜ ꯀꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡ  ꯌꯥꯎꯏ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯌꯥꯕꯁꯤ U+0000 ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒ U+007Fꯗ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟꯂꯤ, ꯱꯲꯸ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ ꯀꯣ ꯀꯟꯇꯔꯣꯜꯁꯤꯡ, ASCII punctuation and symbols, ASCII digits, both the uppercase ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ lowercase of the ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯑꯜꯐꯥꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ control character ꯫

ꯆꯪꯗꯔꯌꯥꯗꯔꯕ ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯟ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯚꯔꯖꯟ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯀꯣꯛ ꯊꯥꯛ 1.0.0 ꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯦ, ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯅꯠꯇꯔꯒ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟꯕ ꯇꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯀꯣꯗ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ
ꯇꯖꯦꯇꯦꯁ

**"ꯇꯖꯦꯇꯦꯁ" (Tagetes)** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯅꯥꯔꯩ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ꯅꯩꯅꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯂꯩꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯇ ꯇꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ
ꯇꯖꯦꯇꯦꯁ ꯂꯨꯁꯤꯗꯥ

**"ꯇꯖꯦꯇꯦꯁ ꯂꯨꯁꯤꯗꯥ" (''Tagetes lucida'')** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯖꯦꯇꯦꯁ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯂꯩ ꯁꯥꯠꯄ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯂꯩ
ꯇꯖꯦꯇꯦꯁ ꯄꯥꯇꯨꯂꯥ

**"ꯇꯖꯦꯇꯦꯁ ꯄꯥꯇꯨꯂꯥ"** (*Tagetes patula*) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯁꯅꯥꯔꯩ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯗ ꯍꯪꯒꯥꯝꯄꯥꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯀꯣꯝꯂꯥ ꯃꯆꯨꯅ ꯂꯩꯇꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯂꯩꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯂꯩ
ꯇꯖꯦꯇꯦꯁ ꯇꯦꯅꯨꯢꯐꯣꯂꯤꯌꯥ

**"ꯇꯖꯦꯇꯦꯁ ꯇꯦꯅꯨꯢꯐꯣꯂꯤꯌꯥ"** (*Tagetes tenuifolia*) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯇꯖꯦꯇꯦꯁ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯂꯩ ꯁꯥꯠꯄ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯂꯩ
ꯇꯖꯦꯇꯦꯁ ꯏꯔꯦꯛꯇꯥ

**"ꯇꯖꯦꯇꯦꯁ ꯏꯔꯦꯛꯇꯥ" (''Tagetes erecta'')** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯅꯥꯔꯩ ꯇꯖꯦꯇꯦꯁ ꯀꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯛꯁꯤꯀꯣ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯥꯗ ꯄꯥꯛꯇꯛꯅꯅ ꯐꯪꯢ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯁꯅꯥꯔꯩ
ꯇꯝꯐꯥ (ꯃꯆꯪ)

**ꯇꯝꯐꯥ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯕ ꯃꯆꯪ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯇꯝꯐꯥ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ

ꯇꯝꯐꯥ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ ꯍꯥꯢꯔꯒ ꯈꯪꯅꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤ:-
# ꯆꯤꯡꯐꯨꯂꯣꯟ ꯀꯣꯟꯊꯧꯁꯨ
# ꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯢꯕꯤ
ꯇꯣꯅꯨ

**ꯇꯣꯅꯨ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯲ꯃꯛꯇ ꯀꯧꯕ ꯃꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯎ
ꯀꯣꯅꯨ
ꯇꯣꯔꯣꯕꯣꯠ

**"ꯇꯣꯔꯣꯕꯣꯠ" (ꯇꯣꯔꯕꯣꯠ)(Benincasa hispida, Ash gourd, Wax gourd, white gourd, winter gourd, tallow gourd, ash pumpkin, winter melon, Chinese preserving melon, Puhul) ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯇꯣꯔꯕꯣꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯔꯛ-ꯌꯦꯛꯂꯛꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯆꯝꯐꯨꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯆꯥꯅꯕ ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡꯗ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯏꯟꯁꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯈꯣꯡꯗ꯭ꯔꯨꯝ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯇꯣꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯖꯦꯔꯔꯤ

**ꯇꯣꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯖꯦꯔꯔꯤ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Tom and Jerry) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯏꯪ ꯀꯨꯝꯖꯥ ꯱꯹꯴꯰ꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯗ ꯋꯤꯂꯤꯌꯝ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯖꯣꯁꯦꯐ ꯕꯥꯔꯕꯦꯔꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯄꯔꯤꯡ ꯅꯥꯢꯅ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯌꯦꯛꯄ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ ꯃꯇꯦꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯔꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
* ꯑꯂꯥꯗꯗꯤꯟ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯄꯔꯤꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅ ꯑꯂꯦꯡꯕ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯍꯩ
ꯇꯣꯝꯕ

**ꯇꯣꯝꯕ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯗ ꯀꯧꯕ ꯑꯇꯣꯟ ꯑꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯢꯕ ꯍꯥꯢꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯊꯣꯛ ꯑꯣꯢꯕ ꯃꯃꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯇꯣꯝꯕꯤ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯇꯝꯐꯥ

ꯇꯝꯐꯥ ꯍꯥꯢꯕꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯊꯣꯛꯇꯤ:-
# ꯇꯝꯐꯥ (ꯃꯆꯪ) 
# ꯇꯝꯐꯥ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ
ꯇꯣꯝꯕꯤ

**ꯇꯣꯝꯕꯤ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯗ ꯀꯧꯕ ꯑꯇꯣꯟ ꯑꯇꯥ ꯍꯥꯢꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯊꯣꯛ ꯑꯣꯢꯕ ꯃꯃꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯂꯦꯝꯕ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯇꯣꯟꯊꯥꯡꯅꯨ

**ꯇꯣꯟꯊꯥꯡꯅꯨ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯂꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯎ
ꯃꯣꯝꯅꯨ
ꯇꯣꯟꯖꯦꯡꯅꯨꯕꯤ

**"ꯇꯣꯟꯖꯦꯡ ꯅꯨꯕꯤ"** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Scorpii) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯊꯋꯥꯟꯃꯤꯆꯥꯛ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯇꯣꯡꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ

**ꯇꯣꯡꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Muscle tissue, Muscular tissue) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯡꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯇꯣꯡꯕ꯭ꯔꯝ

**ꯇꯣꯡꯕ꯭ꯔꯝ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯁꯂꯥꯏ ꯂꯩꯁꯥꯡꯊꯦꯝ ꯁꯂꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯌꯨꯝꯅꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯑꯌꯦꯛꯄꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ
ꯇꯤ ꯎꯝꯕ

**ꯇꯤ ꯎꯝꯕ (Fellatio)** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯤꯕꯨ ꯆꯤꯟꯅ (ꯈꯅꯥꯎꯅ) ꯎꯝꯗꯨꯅ ꯅꯨꯉꯥꯢꯕ ꯄꯤꯕ (ꯂꯧꯕ) ꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯅꯤ꯫

## ꯃꯤꯔꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ
ꯐꯝꯄꯤ ꯃꯥꯢꯗ ꯀꯥꯞꯁꯤꯟꯕ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ
ꯇꯤꯁꯨ (ꯅꯩꯅꯂꯣꯟ)

**ꯇꯤꯁꯨ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: **Tissue**) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯈꯜꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯕꯨꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯁꯦꯜ (ꯅꯩꯅꯂꯣꯟ)

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯇꯤꯅꯣꯐꯣꯔꯥ

**ꯇꯤꯅꯣꯐꯣꯔꯥ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯃꯦꯂꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯆꯟꯕ ꯐꯥꯢꯂꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯜꯅꯠ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯀꯣꯝ ꯖꯦꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯢꯔꯒꯁꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯇꯤꯜ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯀꯌꯥꯠꯁꯤꯡ

**ꯇꯤꯜ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯀꯌꯥꯠꯁꯤꯡ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Salivary Glands) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯤꯜ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯦꯡꯅ ꯇꯤꯜꯂꯥꯡ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯕ ꯀꯌꯥꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯇꯤꯜꯂꯥꯡ

**ꯇꯤꯜꯂꯥꯡ** (ꯇꯤꯜ, ꯇꯤꯟ) (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Saliva, spit) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯈꯅꯥꯎꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯂꯛꯄ ꯃꯍꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯇꯤꯜꯍꯧ

**ꯇꯤꯜꯍꯧ (ꯇꯤꯂꯧ)** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Onion, *Allium cepa*) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯂꯤꯌꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯢꯗꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯛꯇꯛꯅꯅ ꯊꯥꯅꯕ ꯃꯈꯜꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯃꯈꯣꯛ (ꯃꯀꯥ) ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯤꯔꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯆꯅꯝ
* ꯌꯦꯟꯗꯦꯝ
* ꯅꯨꯡꯒꯥꯔꯩ
* ꯒꯖꯔ
* ꯆꯦꯔꯩ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯤꯡ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯣ

**ꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯤꯡ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯣ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯂꯕ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯋꯥꯀꯣꯛꯂꯣꯟ ꯍꯤꯂꯦꯜ ꯊꯤꯂꯦꯜ ꯁꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯥꯏꯂꯣꯟ ꯄꯨꯀꯣꯛ ꯄꯨꯌꯥ ꯂꯣꯠꯐꯝ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯝꯕ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡꯅꯤ, ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯦꯡ ꯃꯇꯦꯛ ꯱ ꯂꯧꯈꯠꯂꯒ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯎꯔꯩꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯪꯈꯣꯟꯗ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯤ ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯄꯣꯝꯗ ꯈꯨꯝꯗꯥꯔꯤꯕ ꯆꯤꯡꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯝꯗꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯄꯨꯌꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯣꯠꯂꯝꯃꯤ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤꯕꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯌꯥ ꯃꯩꯊꯥꯈ꯭ꯔꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯏꯄꯥ ꯏꯄꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯁꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯊꯨꯅ ꯐꯥꯅꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯗ ꯈꯟꯍꯟꯕ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡ ꯃꯇꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ

## ꯋꯥꯡꯎꯂꯣꯟ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡ
ꯇꯥꯃꯤꯜ ꯂꯣꯟ

**ꯇꯥꯃꯤꯜ ꯂꯣꯟ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯥꯃꯤꯜ ꯅꯥꯗꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯪꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯇꯥꯃꯤꯜ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯅ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯶,꯹꯰,꯲꯶,꯸꯸꯱ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯉꯥꯡꯅꯩ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯕꯅ ꯉꯥꯡꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ
ꯇꯥꯃꯤꯜ ꯅꯥꯗꯨ

**ꯇꯥꯃꯤꯜ ꯅꯥꯗꯨ** (*Tamiḻ Nāḍu*  "ꯇꯥꯃꯤꯜ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ", ꯍꯥꯟꯅ **[[Madras State|Madras State]]** ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯔꯝꯃꯤ) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯋꯥꯄꯣꯛꯂꯣꯟ

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ

## ꯂꯝꯃꯤꯠ ꯇꯨꯃꯤꯠ

## ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ

## ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯄ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯂꯣꯟ

## ꯁꯤꯃꯤꯠꯂꯣꯟ

## ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤ

## ꯁꯥ ꯉꯥ

## ꯂꯝꯀꯣꯏꯐꯝ

## ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ

## ꯃꯍꯩ ꯃꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕ

## ꯆꯤꯡꯊꯅꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ

## ꯁꯤꯖꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ

## ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯇꯥꯎꯍꯨꯢꯔꯦꯡ (ꯊꯋꯥꯟꯃꯤꯆꯥꯛ)

**"ꯇꯥꯎꯍꯨꯢꯔꯦꯡ"** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Antares) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯊꯋꯥꯟꯃꯤꯆꯥꯛ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ  ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ