open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
ꯑꯐꯔ꯭ꯤꯀꯥ

ꯑꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯀꯟꯇꯤꯅꯦꯟꯠꯅꯤ꯫ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯋꯥꯔ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯳꯰.꯳ (ꯁ꯭ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯔ ꯃꯥꯏꯜ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯱꯱.꯷) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯪꯅꯕ ꯏꯊꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯅ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯲꯰% ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕ ꯂꯩꯃꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯆꯥꯗ ꯶% ꯀꯣꯟꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ [9] ꯲꯰꯲꯱ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯗ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯕꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯱.꯴ ꯂꯩꯔꯗꯨꯅ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅ ꯆꯥꯗ ꯱꯸ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯟꯇꯤꯅꯦꯟꯠ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯍꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ; [10][11] ꯲꯰꯱꯲ ꯗ ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯱꯹.꯷ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ, ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯳꯰.꯴ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ ꯫ [12] ꯲꯰꯲꯴ ꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ, ꯑꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯪ ꯀꯨꯝꯖꯥ ꯲꯱꯰꯰ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯗꯗꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯕꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯳.꯸ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯅꯤ ꯫ [13] ꯑꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯟ-ꯊꯨꯝ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯀꯟꯇꯤꯅꯦꯟꯠ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕ ꯂꯟ-ꯊꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕ ꯂꯟ-ꯊꯨꯝ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯑꯣꯁꯤꯅꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯫ ꯑꯈꯪ-ꯑꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯔꯝꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯂꯝꯃꯤꯠꯂꯣꯟ, ꯑꯏꯪ-ꯑꯁꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ,[14] ꯁꯦꯟꯖꯥ-ꯊꯨꯝꯖꯥ,[14] ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯅꯤꯌꯦꯂꯤꯖꯝ, ꯀꯣꯜꯗ ꯋꯥꯔ,[15][16] ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯤꯌꯣꯀꯣꯂꯣꯅꯤꯌꯦꯂꯤꯖꯝ ꯌꯥꯎꯅ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯔꯝꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯂꯧꯅꯩ ꯫ 

## ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

## ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒ ꯁꯝꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ
* African & Middle Eastern Reading Room from the United States Library of Congress
* Africa South of the Sahara from Stanford University
* The Index on Africa from *The Norwegian Council for Africa*
* Aluka Digital library of scholarly resources from and about Africa
* Africa Interactive Map from the United States Army Africa

;History
* African Kingdoms
* The Story of Africa from BBC World Service
* Africa Policy Information Center (APIC)
* Hungarian military forces in Africa 

;News media
* allAfrica.com current news, events and statistics
* Focus on Africa magazine from BBC World Service
ꯑꯐꯥꯔ

**ꯑꯐꯥꯔ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Afar) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯐꯥꯔ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯅ ꯉꯥꯡꯅꯕ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯗꯖꯤꯕꯧꯇꯤ, ꯏꯔꯤꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯊꯣꯄꯤꯌꯥꯅ ꯁꯛꯈꯪꯂꯕ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯀꯨꯝꯖꯥ ꯲꯰꯱꯷ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯗ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯱꯹,꯷꯳,꯸꯰꯰ꯅ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯉꯥꯡꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯟ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯒ ꯏ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯔꯃꯦꯅꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ

**ꯑꯔꯃꯦꯅꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯑꯜꯐꯥꯕꯦꯠ** (, **' ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ , **'; Eastern Armenian: ; Western Armenian: ) is an alphabetic writing system used to write Armenian ꯏꯕꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯅꯤ ꯫ It was developed around 405&nbsp;AD by Mesrop Mashtots, an Armenian linguist and ecclesiastical leader. The system originally had 36 letters; eventually, three more were adopted. The alphabet was also in wide use in the Ottoman Empire around the ꯱꯸ꯁꯨꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯱꯹ꯁꯨꯕ ꯆꯩꯍꯤ ꯆꯥ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ
ꯑꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯏꯄꯥꯛ

**ꯑꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯏꯄꯥꯛ-ꯑꯆꯧꯕ** ꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯏꯄꯥꯛ-ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯏꯄꯥꯛ-ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯵ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯔꯖꯦꯟꯇꯤꯅꯥ

left|thumb|ꯁꯥꯂꯇꯥ꯫
**ꯑꯔꯖꯦꯟꯇꯤꯅꯥ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯈꯥ-ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯅꯤꯡꯇꯝꯕ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯋꯥꯔ ꯀꯤꯂꯣꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯲꯷,꯸꯰,꯴꯰꯰ ꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯨꯝꯖꯥ ꯲꯰꯱꯹ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯗ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯴,꯴꯹,꯳꯸,꯷꯱꯲ ꯃꯨꯛ ꯈꯨꯟꯗꯥꯏ ꯫

## ꯐꯤꯔꯥꯜ

## ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯥꯛ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯌꯣꯡ

**"ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯌꯣꯡ" (Old World Monkey)** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯩꯅꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯃꯦꯠ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯆꯟꯕ ꯁꯦꯔꯣꯄꯤꯊꯦꯁꯤꯗꯦ ꯁꯥꯒꯩꯒꯤ ꯌꯣꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯄꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯫ 

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
* ꯌꯣꯡ ꯃꯃꯩ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯕꯤ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯣꯗꯥ

**ꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯣꯗꯥ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯃꯦꯂꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯢꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯐꯥꯢꯂꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯢꯒꯤ ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯟ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯔꯥꯕ ꯂꯥꯢꯇꯣꯟꯖꯝ

**ꯑꯔꯥꯕ ꯂꯥꯢꯇꯣꯟꯖꯝ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯅꯥꯢꯔꯕ ꯁꯛꯇꯝ ꯂꯥꯡꯕ ꯁꯤꯟꯂꯣꯢ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯁꯤꯜꯍꯩꯕ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯖꯝ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯔꯥꯕꯤꯛ ꯂꯣꯟ

**ꯑꯔꯥꯕꯤꯛ ꯂꯣꯟ** () (ꯑꯔꯥꯕꯤꯛ ꯂꯣꯟ) (Arabic language) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯱ꯟꯕ ꯗꯒꯤ ꯴ꯁꯨꯕ ꯆꯍꯤꯆꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯛꯄ ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯇꯤꯛ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯕꯅ ꯉꯥꯡꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ
ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯂꯣꯟ
ꯑꯔꯥꯝꯕꯥꯢ

**ꯑꯔꯥꯝꯕꯥꯢ** ꯅꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ **ꯑꯂꯥꯞꯄꯥꯢ ꯇꯦꯟꯇꯣꯟ** ꯍꯥꯢꯕꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯅ ꯄꯨꯟꯂꯒ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ "ꯑꯂꯥꯞꯄ" "ꯄꯥꯢꯕ" ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ "ꯇꯦꯟ ꯃꯇꯣꯟ" ꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯢꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯊꯣꯛꯇꯤ ꯑꯂꯥꯞꯄ ꯑꯊꯥꯞꯄꯗ ꯄꯥꯢꯕ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯣꯟ ꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯢꯕꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯢ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯁꯒꯣꯜ ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤ ꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯁꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯢ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯁꯒꯣꯜ ꯄꯣꯅꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯇꯣꯡꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯁꯒꯣꯜ ꯃꯊꯥꯗ ꯂꯣꯠꯄ ꯉꯝꯕ ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯛꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯀꯤꯅꯈꯤ꯫ꯂꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯗꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯢ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯣꯟꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯛꯅꯕꯗ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯃꯥꯡ ꯇꯥꯛꯅꯕ ꯍꯨ ꯇꯩ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ
ꯑꯔꯨꯅꯥꯆꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯦꯁ

**ꯑꯔꯨꯅꯥꯆꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯦꯁ** () ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯏ ꯏꯊꯪ ꯊꯪꯅ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯚꯥꯔꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯲꯹ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯇꯥꯅꯒꯔꯅ ꯑꯔꯨꯅꯥꯆꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯅꯨꯡꯅꯤ ꯫
ꯑꯔꯨꯅꯥꯆꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯆꯤꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯕ ꯃꯐꯝꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯂꯝꯗꯝꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯂꯝꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝꯁꯤꯡ

## ꯋꯥꯄꯣꯛꯂꯣꯟ
## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
## ꯂꯝꯃꯤꯠ ꯇꯨꯃꯤꯠ
## ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ
ꯑꯔꯨꯅꯥꯆꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯦꯁ ꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯱.꯳ ꯃꯨꯛ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯂꯝꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯅ 
ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯸꯳ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯋꯥꯔ km ꯈꯔ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫

## ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯄ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯂꯣꯟ
## ꯁꯦꯟꯃꯤꯠꯂꯣꯟ

## ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤ
## ꯁꯥ ꯉꯥ
## ꯂꯝꯀꯣꯏꯐꯝ
## ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ
## ꯃꯍꯩ ꯃꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕ
## ꯆꯤꯡꯊꯅꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ
## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ

## ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ
ꯑꯔꯨꯕꯥ

**ꯑꯔꯨꯕꯥ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯡꯇꯝꯕ ꯏꯊꯠꯀꯤ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯂꯝꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯋꯥꯔ ꯀꯤꯂꯣꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯱꯸꯰ ꯃꯨꯛ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯱꯱꯲,꯳꯰꯹ ꯅꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯖꯥ ꯲꯰꯱꯹ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯗ ꯫ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯅꯨꯡ ꯃꯃꯤꯡꯗꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯥꯟꯖꯦꯁꯇꯥꯗ ꯀꯧꯏ ꯫

## ꯐꯤꯔꯥꯜ

## ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯥꯛ
ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯌꯨꯝꯁꯥꯂꯣꯟ

**ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯌꯨꯝꯁꯥꯂꯣꯟ (ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯁꯪꯁꯥꯂꯣꯟ)**  ꯑꯁꯤ ꯹꯰꯰ ꯕꯤ.ꯁꯤ. ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒ ꯱ꯕ ꯑꯦꯗꯤ ꯆꯍꯤꯆꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯛꯄ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯆꯠꯅꯂꯣꯟꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯢꯔꯛꯄ ꯌꯨꯝꯁꯥꯂꯣꯟ ꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ

 

## ꯄꯥꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡ
* John Boardman, Jose Dorig, Werner Fuchs and Max Hirmer, *The Art and Architecture of Ancient Greece*, Thames and Hudson, London (1967)
* Banister Fletcher, *A History of Architecture on the Comparative method* (2001). Elsevier Science & Technology. .
* Helen Gardner; Fred S. Kleiner, Christin J. Mamiya, *Gardner's Art through the Ages*. Thomson Wadsworth (2004), .
* Higgins, MD and Higgins, RA, 1996, ''A Geological Companion to Greece and the Aegean''  Cornell University Press. 
* Marian Moffett, Michael Fazio, Lawrence Wodehouse, *A World History of Architecture*, Lawrence King Publishing (2003), .
* Athanasios Sideris A., "Re-contextualized Antiquity: Interpretative VR Visualisation of Ancient Art and Architecture" in Mikropoulos T. A. and Papachristos N. M. (eds.), *Proceedings: International Symposium on "Information and Communication Technologies in Cultural Heritage" October 16–18, 2008*, University of Ioannina 2008, , pp.&nbsp;159–176
* Donald E. Strong, *The Classical World*, Paul Hamlyn, London (1965)
* Henri Stierlin, *Greece: From Mycenae to the Parthenon*, Taschen, 2004
* Marilyn Y. Goldberg, "Greek Temples and Chinese Roofs", *American Journal of Archaeology*, Vol. 87, No. 3. (July 1983), pp.&nbsp;305–310
* Penrose, F. C., (communicated by Joseph Norman Lockyer), "The Orientation of Geek Temples", *[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]*, vol. 48, no. 1228, May 11.
* Örjan Wikander, "Archaic Roof Tiles the First Generations", *Hesperia*, Vol. 59, No. 1. (January–March 1990), pp.&nbsp;285–290
* William Rostoker; Elizabeth Gebhard, "The Reproduction of Rooftiles for the Archaic Temple of Poseidon at Isthmia, Greece", *Journal of Field Archaeology*, Vol. 8, No. 2. (Summer 1981), pp.&nbsp;211–2
## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

## ꯑꯍꯦꯟꯕ ꯂꯪꯗꯥꯢꯁꯤꯡ
 
* The Foundations of Classical Architecture Part Two: Greek Classicism – free educational program by the ICAA (published August 29, 2018)
ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯌꯨꯝꯁꯥꯂꯣꯟ
ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯝ ꯁ꯭ꯌꯥꯝ ꯁꯔꯃ

**ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯝ ꯁ꯭ꯌꯥꯝ ꯁꯔꯃ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯅꯥꯢꯔꯕ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯂꯣꯢ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯂꯝꯖꯤꯡ ꯂꯝꯇꯥꯛꯂꯣꯢ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯑꯁꯦꯝ ꯕꯤꯃꯣꯂꯥ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯕꯈꯥꯓ ꯂꯣꯟ

**ꯑꯕꯈꯥꯓ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯕꯈꯥꯓ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯅ ꯉꯥꯡꯅꯕ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯕꯈꯥꯓꯤꯌꯥꯗ ꯁꯛꯈꯪꯂꯕ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯱,꯹꯰,꯱꯱꯰ꯅ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯉꯥꯡꯅꯔꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯖꯥ ꯲꯰꯱꯵ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯗ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯕꯗꯨꯜ

**ꯑꯕꯗꯨꯜ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯕꯀꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯗ ꯀꯧꯕ ꯃꯅꯥꯢ (ꯃꯄꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯢ) ꯍꯥꯢꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯊꯣꯛ ꯑꯣꯢꯕ ꯃꯃꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯍꯨꯁꯦꯟ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯕꯨ ꯙꯥꯕꯤ

**ꯑꯕꯨ ꯙꯥꯕꯤ (ꯑꯕꯨ ꯗꯥꯕꯤ)** () ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕ ꯑꯥꯔꯕ ꯑꯦꯃꯤꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯅꯨꯡ ꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯲ꯁꯨꯕ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯢꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯤ ꯈꯨꯟꯗꯥ-ꯂꯩꯇꯥꯕ ꯃꯌꯣꯜꯂꯝꯂꯦꯟ ꯅꯤ (ꯗꯨꯕꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯛ ꯃꯊꯪꯗ) ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯗꯨꯕꯥꯢ
## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ
ꯑꯜ-ꯂꯥꯠ

**ꯑꯜ-ꯂꯥꯠ** (ꯑꯔꯥꯕꯤꯛ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯇ: **اللات, Al-Lāt**) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯆꯠꯅꯔꯝꯕ ꯑꯥꯔꯕꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯢꯕ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯳ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯑꯜ-ꯎꯓꯓꯥ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯜꯕꯥꯅꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯅ ꯏꯁꯩ ꯁꯛꯃꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤ

**ꯑꯜꯕꯥꯅꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯅ ꯏꯁꯩ ꯁꯛꯃꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤ** (Albanian iso-polyphony) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯜꯕꯥꯅꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯟꯅꯨꯡ ꯏꯁꯩꯒꯤ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ UNESCO ꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯅꯥꯢꯗ꯭ꯔꯕ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯤꯡꯗ ꯆꯜꯂꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯎ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯜꯕꯥꯖ

**ꯑꯜꯕꯥꯖ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯕꯀꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯗ ꯀꯧꯕ ꯂꯪꯖꯥ ꯍꯥꯢꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯊꯣꯛ ꯑꯣꯢꯕ ꯃꯃꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯑꯕꯗꯨꯜ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯜꯖꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ

**ꯑꯜꯖꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯑꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯥꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯅꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯕ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯅꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯜꯖꯤꯌꯔꯁꯅꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯈꯨꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯕ ꯂꯝꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯜꯖꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯋꯥꯔ ꯀꯤꯂꯣꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯲꯳,꯸꯱,꯷꯴꯱ ꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯜꯖꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯱꯰ꯁꯨꯕ ꯈꯨꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯐꯤꯔꯥꯜ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯜꯖꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯑꯔꯥꯕꯤꯛ

**ꯑꯜꯖꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯑꯔꯥꯕꯤꯛ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯜꯖꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯗ ꯉꯥꯡꯅꯕ ꯑꯔꯥꯕꯤꯛ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯟꯊꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯑꯔꯥꯕꯤꯛ ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯟꯊꯩꯁꯤꯡ
ꯑꯣꯀ꯭ꯔꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ

ꯑꯣꯀ꯭ꯔꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
ꯃꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯣꯢꯔꯥꯡ ꯌꯦꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯆꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯆꯥ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯅꯤ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
## ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡ
* ꯑꯣꯀ꯭ꯔꯝ ꯏꯕꯣꯕꯤ:- ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯂꯨꯡꯕ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯣꯢꯔꯝꯢ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯤꯛꯌꯦꯟꯕꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ
ꯑꯣꯁꯃꯤꯌꯝ

**ꯑꯣꯁꯃꯤꯌꯝ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯪ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
*ꯀꯦꯗꯃꯤꯌꯝ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟ
ꯑꯜꯕꯥꯅꯤꯌꯥ

**ꯑꯜꯕꯥꯅꯤꯌꯥ** ꯁꯤ ꯏꯎꯔꯣꯞꯀꯤ ꯈꯥ-ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯅꯤꯡꯇꯝꯕ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯜꯕꯥꯅꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯅꯨꯡꯗꯤ ꯇꯤꯔꯥꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ, ꯑꯜꯕꯥꯅꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤ.ꯀꯤ.ꯃꯤ. ꯲꯸,꯷꯴꯸ ꯅꯤ, ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯏꯪ. ꯀꯨꯝꯖꯥ ꯲꯰꯱꯱ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯲,꯸꯷꯶,꯵꯹꯱ ꯅꯤ꯫

## ꯐꯤꯔꯥꯜ

## ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯥꯛ
ꯑꯜꯒꯥ

ꯑꯜꯒꯥ (ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯕ: ꯑꯜꯒꯤ) ꯍꯥꯢꯕꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯆꯟꯕ ꯊꯋꯥꯢ ꯑꯄꯛꯃꯥ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯅꯤ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯚꯣꯜꯚꯣꯛꯁ
* ꯌꯨꯂꯣꯊ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯁ
* ꯂꯦꯃꯤꯅꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ
## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥꯝ

**ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥꯝ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯕꯤꯁꯅꯨꯄꯨꯔ ꯗꯤꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯇꯥꯎꯟ ꯃꯆꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ

**"ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ"** ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ **"ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ"** (ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯟ-ꯔꯣꯃꯥꯟ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ Oinam Sagei:, ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ:*[[:simple:Oinam family|Oinam family]]*) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯨꯃꯟ ꯁꯂꯥꯢꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯌꯨꯝꯅꯥꯛ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯆꯥ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯢꯅ ꯈꯨꯟꯗꯥꯕ ꯂꯝꯂꯦꯟ *"ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ"* ꯍꯥꯢꯅ ꯅꯝꯕꯣꯜ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯒ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯈꯦꯟꯅꯕ ꯈꯪꯗꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯌꯦꯠꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯉꯩ ꯂꯪꯃ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯄꯥꯜꯂꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯤꯆꯝꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯊꯧꯈꯥꯢꯔꯛꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ "ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ" ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯈꯨꯠ *"ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥ"*ꯅ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕ ꯇꯧꯒꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯍꯩꯅꯩ ꯍꯥꯢꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯧꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯢꯅ ꯈꯨꯟꯗꯥꯕ ꯃꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ
### ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ
ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩꯅ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯢꯅ ꯈꯨꯟꯗꯥꯕ ꯃꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ:
# ꯀꯛꯋꯥ ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯂꯩꯀꯥꯢ
# ꯀꯔꯥꯡ ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯂꯩꯀꯥꯢ
# ꯀꯩꯁꯥꯝꯊꯣꯡ ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯂꯩꯀꯥꯢ
# ꯀꯩꯕꯨꯜ ꯂꯝꯖꯥꯎ ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯂꯩꯀꯥꯢ
# ꯀꯩꯕꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯂꯩꯀꯥꯢ
# ꯁꯋꯣꯝꯕꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯂꯩꯀꯥꯢ
# ꯁꯤꯡꯖꯃꯩ ꯆꯤꯡꯉꯥꯃꯈꯥ ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯂꯩꯔꯛ
# ꯁꯤꯡꯖꯃꯩ ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯊꯤꯉꯦꯜ
# ꯄꯤꯁꯨꯝꯊꯣꯡ ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯂꯩꯀꯥꯢ
# ꯅꯝꯕꯣꯜ ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ
# ꯊꯥꯡꯒ ꯁꯃꯨꯀꯣꯜ ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯂꯩꯀꯥꯢ
# ꯊꯥꯡꯒ ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯂꯩꯀꯥꯢ
# ꯍꯥꯎꯕꯝ ꯃꯔꯛ ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯂꯩꯀꯥꯢ
# ꯑꯊꯧꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯂꯩꯀꯥꯢ
# ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯃꯃꯥꯡ ꯂꯩꯀꯥꯢ

### ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗ
ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗ ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯅ ꯈꯨꯟꯗꯥꯕ ꯃꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯋꯥ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ (ꯃ꯭ꯌꯥꯟꯃꯥꯔ)ꯗꯗꯤ ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯈꯨꯟꯗꯥꯕ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯕꯥꯡꯂꯥꯗꯦꯁꯇꯗꯤ ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯁꯥꯒꯩ ꯈꯨꯟꯗꯥꯕ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯗꯦ ꯫

## ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡ

### ꯂ
* ꯂꯥꯢꯕꯤ ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ
### ꯏ
* ꯏꯊꯣꯢ ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ
### ꯑ
* ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯁ꯭ꯋꯥꯃꯤꯀꯨꯃꯥꯔ
* ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯂꯨꯈꯣꯢ ꯁꯤꯡꯍ
* ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯅꯕꯀꯤꯁꯣꯔ
* ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯒꯧꯇꯝ
* ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯕꯤꯔꯃꯪꯒꯣꯜ
* ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯕꯤꯖꯥꯟꯗꯣ
* ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯕꯦꯝꯕꯦꯝ
* ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯗꯣꯔꯦꯟ
* ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯚꯣꯒꯦꯁꯣꯔ

### ꯕ
* ꯕꯤꯅꯣꯔꯟꯖꯟ ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ

### ꯖ
* ꯖꯦꯝꯁ ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ
* ꯖꯣꯟ ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯂꯥꯢꯁ꯭ꯔꯝ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯣꯁꯇꯩꯛꯊꯥꯢꯁ

ꯑꯣꯁꯇꯩꯛꯊꯥꯢꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯥꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯆꯟꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯢꯁꯤ ꯒꯤꯜ ꯄꯨꯡꯕꯥ ꯴ ꯌꯥꯎꯢ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯝꯄꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯱꯲

**"ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯝꯄꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯱꯲" (ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯥꯟ ꯱꯲)** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯤ ꯂꯥꯢ ꯇꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯗ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯝꯄꯁ ꯆꯤꯡꯆꯥꯎꯗ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯢꯅ ꯊꯥꯖꯅꯕ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯢꯕ ꯆꯤꯉꯨ ꯈꯣꯌꯨꯝ ꯂꯥꯢꯌꯥꯝꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯫ 

ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯨꯗꯤ- 
# ꯖ꯭ꯌꯨꯁ, 
#ꯍꯦꯔꯥ,
#ꯄꯣꯁꯥꯢꯗꯟ, 
#ꯗꯦꯃꯤꯇꯔ, 
#ꯑꯊꯤꯅꯥ, 
#ꯑꯄꯣꯜꯂꯣ, 
#ꯑꯔꯇꯦꯃꯤꯁ, 
#ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯁ, 
#ꯍꯤꯐꯦꯏꯁꯇꯁ, 
#ꯑꯦꯐ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯥꯢꯇꯤ, 
#ꯍꯔꯃꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ 
#ꯍꯦꯁꯇꯤꯌꯥ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯗꯥꯢꯌꯣꯅꯤꯁꯁꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯣꯖꯥ ꯇꯣꯜꯍꯟ

**ꯑꯣꯖꯥ ꯇꯣꯜꯍꯟ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯁꯨꯃꯥꯡ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯢꯕ ꯁꯛꯇꯝ ꯂꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕ ꯁꯤꯟꯂꯣꯢ ꯁꯧꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯛꯄꯝ ꯍꯦꯃꯟꯇ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯖꯥ ꯇꯣꯜꯍꯟ ꯍꯥꯢꯅ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯈꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯦꯜ

ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯄꯥꯡꯕ ꯉꯝꯕ ꯄꯤꯛꯊꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯜꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯀꯌꯥꯠꯁꯤꯡ:-
# ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯌꯣꯂꯁ
# ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯌꯁ
# ꯔꯥꯢꯕꯣꯁꯣꯝ
# ꯚꯦꯁꯤꯀꯜ
# ꯔꯐ ꯏꯟꯗꯣꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯃꯤꯛ ꯔꯦꯇꯤꯀꯨꯂꯨꯝ
# ꯒꯣꯜꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯄꯔꯦꯇꯁ
# ꯁꯥꯢꯇꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯂꯦꯇꯟ
# ꯁ꯭ꯃꯨꯊ ꯏꯟꯗꯣꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯃꯤꯛ ꯔꯦꯇꯤꯀꯨꯂꯨꯝ
# ꯃꯤꯇꯣꯀꯣꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯌꯣꯟ
# ꯚꯦꯀ꯭ꯋꯣꯜ
# ꯁꯥꯢꯇꯣꯁꯣꯜ
# ꯂꯥꯢꯁꯣꯁꯣꯝ
# ꯁꯦꯟꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯣꯝ
# ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯀꯨꯔꯥꯡꯕꯥꯟ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ
ꯑꯣꯛ ꯊꯣꯡꯕ

**"ꯑꯣꯛ ꯊꯣꯡꯕ" (Pork curry, Pork dish)** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯁꯤ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯕ ꯊꯣꯡꯕ ꯍꯤꯟꯖꯥꯡ ꯃꯊꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯣꯛꯀꯣꯟ

**"ꯑꯣꯛꯀꯣꯟ" (ꯑꯣꯛ ꯃꯀꯣꯟ) (Sty, Pigsty)** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯛ ꯍꯥꯢꯔꯤꯕ ꯁꯥꯁꯤ ꯂꯣꯢꯕꯗ ꯊꯝꯅꯅꯕ ꯃꯐꯝ (ꯃꯀꯣꯟ) ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ
ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ

**ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: **Oxygen**) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯪ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯸ꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯅ ꯱꯵.꯹꯹꯹u ꯅꯤ ꯫ **O** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯅ ꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯥꯛꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯁꯣꯗꯤꯌꯝ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯣꯛ

**ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯨꯝꯗ ꯆꯥꯅꯕ ꯂꯣꯢꯕ ꯁꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯅꯩꯅꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯏꯟꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯢꯁꯤꯁꯨꯁ ꯁꯥꯒꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯆꯤꯡꯢ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥ (ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ)
* ꯑꯣꯛ
* ꯑꯣꯛꯀꯣꯟ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯁꯥ ꯑꯁꯦꯝꯕ
ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥꯝ ꯂꯨꯈꯣꯏ ꯁꯤꯡꯍ

**ꯑꯥꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯂꯨꯈꯣꯢ ꯁꯤꯡꯍ (ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥꯝ ꯂꯨꯈꯣꯏ ꯁꯤꯡꯍ)** (ꯔꯣꯃꯥꯟ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ: Oinam Lukhoi Singh) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯂꯣꯢ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯇꯤꯌ ꯖꯅꯇ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯍꯨꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ 
## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥ

thumb|ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥ
thumb|ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥ ꯑꯊꯣꯡꯕ
thumb|ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥ ꯑꯊꯣꯡꯕ ꯃꯊꯦꯜ
**"ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥ" (Pork)** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯨꯝꯗ ꯂꯣꯢꯕ ꯑꯣꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯅꯕ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯑꯣꯢꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯃꯊꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕ ꯃꯐꯝꯗ ꯄꯥꯛꯇꯛꯅꯅ ꯆꯥꯅꯔꯤ ꯫ ꯵꯰꯰꯰ ꯕꯤ.ꯁꯤ.ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯅ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥ ꯆꯥꯅꯔꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯡꯂꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯨꯁꯂꯤꯝ (ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯗ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯜ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯔꯤꯕ) ꯁꯤꯡꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡꯅ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ꯫
ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯎ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯑꯊꯥꯕ ꯎꯟꯁꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯁꯤꯡꯅ "ꯀꯦꯞꯁꯨꯜ" ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯀꯧꯅꯩ꯫
thumb|ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥ ꯑꯊꯣꯡꯕ ꯃꯊꯦꯜ
thumb|ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥ ꯑꯊꯣꯡꯕ

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯑꯣꯛ ꯊꯣꯡꯕ
* ꯁꯣꯁꯦꯖ (ꯑꯤꯡꯂꯤꯁꯇ: sausage)

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥ
ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯣꯕꯔ

**ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯣꯕꯔ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯊꯄꯥꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯱꯰ꯁꯨꯕ ꯊꯥ ꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯣꯕꯔ ꯊꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯳꯱ ꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯏ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ

## ꯋꯥꯄꯣꯛꯂꯣꯟ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯊꯥ ꯱꯲
ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯁ꯭ꯋꯥꯃꯤꯀꯨꯃꯥꯔ

**"ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯁ꯭ꯋꯥꯃꯤꯀꯨꯃꯥꯔ" (Oinam Swamikumar)** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯅꯥꯢꯔꯕ ꯁꯩꯁꯛꯄ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯁꯤ ꯏꯁꯩ ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯥꯢꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯗ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯁꯩꯁꯛꯄ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯏꯁꯩ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩꯒꯤ ꯏꯁꯩ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯁꯛꯢ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ
## ꯐꯪꯈꯤꯕ ꯃꯅꯥ
## ꯁꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯏꯁꯩꯁꯤꯡ
## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯅꯕꯀꯤꯁꯣꯔ

**"ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯅꯕꯀꯤꯁꯣꯔ" (Oinam Nabakishore) ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯢ.ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯁꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯆꯤꯐ ꯁꯦꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯊꯧ ꯄꯨꯔꯝꯢ ꯫ ꯲꯰꯱꯹ꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯈꯜꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯔꯦꯞ ꯑꯣꯢꯅ ꯃꯤꯈꯜꯗ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯈꯤ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ
## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯕꯤꯔꯃꯪꯒꯣꯜ

**"ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯕꯤꯔꯃꯪꯒꯣꯜ" (Oinam Biramangol) ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯐꯝꯄꯥꯛ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯁꯛꯇꯝ ꯂꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯂꯝꯖꯤꯡ ꯂꯝꯇꯥꯛꯂꯣꯢ ꯁꯤꯟꯂꯣꯢ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯐꯝꯄꯥꯛ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩꯗ "ꯀꯔꯅ"ꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯝ ꯂꯥꯡꯕꯗ ꯊꯣꯢꯗꯣꯛ ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯈꯤꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯃꯌꯥꯝꯅ **"ꯀꯔꯅ ꯁꯥꯕ"** ꯍꯥꯢꯅꯁꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ
## ꯐꯪꯈꯤꯕ ꯃꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ
## ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯈꯤꯕ ꯐꯝꯄꯥꯛ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩꯁꯤꯡ
## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯕꯤꯖꯥꯟꯗꯣ

**"ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯕꯤꯖꯥꯟꯗꯣ" (Oinam Bijando)** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯐꯝꯅꯥꯢꯕ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯔꯩ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯃꯥꯢꯊꯤꯕ ꯄꯤꯕꯤꯅꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢ ꯑꯃ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯢꯗꯣꯛ ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯁꯛꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯁꯤ ꯆꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯀꯤꯔꯇꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯒꯤ ꯁꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯛꯇꯛꯇ ꯐꯝꯅꯥꯢꯕ ꯑꯣꯢꯅ ꯊꯧ ꯄꯨꯔꯝꯢ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ
## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯕꯤꯖꯥꯟꯗꯣ (ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ)

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯕꯤꯖꯥꯟꯗꯣ (ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ)

**ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯕꯤꯖꯥꯟꯗꯣ (ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ) (Oinam Bijando-Audio Drama)** ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ **"ꯕꯤꯖꯥꯟꯗꯣ ꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ" (Bijando Gee Lousing Wari)** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯈꯛꯇ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯇꯥꯡꯀꯛ ꯅꯥꯢꯅ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯊꯧꯔꯝ (ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ) ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯕꯤꯖꯥꯟꯗꯣꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯡꯊꯥꯅꯤꯉꯥꯢ ꯑꯣꯢꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ ꯑꯥꯢꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯄꯅꯤ ꯫ 
ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯢꯅ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯁꯤꯟꯂꯣꯢꯁꯤꯡꯗꯤ ꯇꯣꯝꯕꯤ, ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯕꯥꯕꯨꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯐꯪꯐꯝ
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯌꯨ ꯇꯨꯕ ꯆꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯈꯔꯗ ꯐꯪꯂꯤ ꯫
# ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤꯌꯣ ꯫
# ꯑꯣꯜ ꯏꯟ ꯋꯥꯟ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔ ꯫
# ꯋꯥꯠ-ꯏꯁ-ꯒꯣꯢꯌꯤꯡ-ꯑꯣꯟ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯣꯛꯄꯨꯔꯣꯢ

**"ꯑꯣꯛꯄꯨꯔꯣꯢ" (Scorpionis, Scorpii, Scorpius)** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯋꯥꯟꯃꯤꯆꯥꯛ ꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ
ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯕꯦꯝꯕꯦꯝ

**"ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯕꯦꯝꯕꯦꯝ" (Oinam Bembem)** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯐꯨꯠꯕꯣꯜ (ꯈꯣꯡꯅ ꯀꯥꯎꯕ ꯀꯥꯡꯗ꯭ꯔꯨꯝ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ) ꯃꯁꯥꯟꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯔꯣꯢ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯁꯤ *Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports* ꯅ ꯑꯥꯔꯖꯨꯅ ꯑꯦꯋꯥꯔꯗ ꯈꯨꯠꯁꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯏꯀꯥꯢ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯁꯤ **"Durga of Indian Football"** ꯍꯥꯢꯕ ꯃꯤꯡꯊꯣꯜ ꯐꯪꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯔꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯗꯣꯔꯦꯟ

**"ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯗꯣꯔꯦꯟ" (Oinam Doren)** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯅꯥꯢꯔꯕ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄ, ꯂꯝꯖꯤꯡ ꯂꯝꯇꯥꯛꯂꯣꯢ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯖꯒꯣꯢ ꯁꯥꯊꯦꯛ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯕ ꯁꯤꯟꯂꯣꯢ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯁꯤ **"Jack of all trades, Connoisseur of film making"** ꯍꯥꯢꯕ ꯃꯤꯡꯊꯣꯜꯁꯨ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ
## ꯐꯪꯈꯤꯕ ꯃꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ
# National Film Award for Best Anthropological/Ethnographic Film - Songs of Mashangva (2011) 
# National Film Award for Best Film on Social Issues- Auto Driver (2016)
# Best Film:Cinema of Resistance Award - Theatre of the Earth (2017) - from the Signs Film FestivalFestival, Kochi, Kerala

## ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩꯁꯤꯡ
## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯚꯣꯒꯦꯁꯣꯔ

**"ꯑꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ ꯚꯣꯒꯦꯁꯣꯔ" (Oinam Bhogeshor)** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤ, ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ, ꯐꯨꯡꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ, ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯔꯣꯜꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯗ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯤꯛ ꯏꯕ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯍꯟꯗꯣꯛꯂꯣꯢ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ
## ꯏꯈꯤꯕ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡ
* ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯔꯣꯜ ꯂꯝꯕꯨꯕ (꯱꯹꯶꯷), ꯏꯝꯐꯥꯜ (ꯅꯧꯅ ꯏꯊꯣꯛꯄ) 
* ꯅꯣꯡꯁꯥꯃꯩ ꯄꯨꯌꯥ (꯱꯹꯷꯳), ꯏꯝꯐꯥꯜ (ꯅꯧꯅ ꯏꯊꯣꯛꯄ)

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯥꯌꯟ

**"ꯑꯥꯌꯟ" ([[ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯂꯣꯟ]]:Ion)** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅ ꯑꯦꯇꯝ ꯲ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯲ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯕꯅ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯗ ꯑꯋꯥꯠꯄ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯑꯍꯦꯟꯕ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯑꯥꯌꯟ
ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯦꯁꯑꯣ ꯶꯳꯹-꯱

**ISO 639-1:꯲꯰꯰꯲**, *ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯀꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡ — ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯱: Alpha-2 code*, ꯑꯁꯤ ISO 639ꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ series of international standards for language codes.

**ISO 639-1** ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ
* ꯑꯔꯥꯕꯤꯛ is represented by `ar`
* ꯑꯔꯃꯦꯅꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ  is represented by `hy` (from the endonym , **''H**a**y**eren*)
* [[ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯤꯁ ꯂꯣꯟ|ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯤꯁ]] is represented by <code>zh</code> (from the [[endonym]] , *)
* ꯓꯦꯛ is represented by `cs` (from the endonym  or )
* Danish is represented by `da`
* Dutch is represented by `nl` (from the endonym )
* English is represented by `en`
* Esperanto is represented by `eo`
* Finnish is represented by `fi` (even though its endonym is )
* French is represented by `fr`
* Georgian is represented by `ka` (from the endonym , )
* German is represented by `de` (from the endonym )
* Greek is represented by `el` (from the endonym , )
* Italian is represented by `it`
* Japanese is represented by `ja` (even though its endonym is 日本語, ''Nihongo'')
* Korean is represented by `ko` (even though its endonym is , )
* Malay is represented by `ms` (even though its endonym is )
* Kurdish is represented by `ku` (from the endonym , )
* Persian is represented by `fa` (from the endonym , )
* Polish is represented by `pl`
* Portuguese is represented by `pt`
* Romanian is represented by `ro`
* Russian is represented by `ru`
* Spanish is represented by `es` (from the endonym )
* Swedish is represented by `sv` (from the endonym )
* Tagalog is represented by `tl`
* Turkish is represented by `tr`
* Urdu is represented by `ur` (from the endonym , )

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ

## ꯃꯄꯥꯝꯒ ꯁꯝꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ
* ISO 639
* ISO 639-1/RA
* ISO 639-2 Registration Authority FAQ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯗ
ꯑꯥꯔꯁꯦꯅꯤꯛ

**ꯑꯥꯔꯁꯦꯅꯤꯛ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: **Arsenic**) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯪ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯃꯣꯅꯤ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯥꯔꯒꯣꯟ

**ꯑꯥꯔꯒꯣꯟ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯪ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯥꯔꯒꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯱꯸ꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯅ ꯳꯹.꯹꯴꯸u ꯅꯤ ꯫ **Ar** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯥꯔꯒꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯥꯛꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯑꯥꯔꯒꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯏꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ; ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯝꯕꯣꯜ ꯑꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯅꯝꯕꯔ ꯱꯸ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯌꯗꯤꯛ ꯇꯦꯕꯂꯒꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯞ ꯱꯸ꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯥꯔꯒꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯊꯤꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯇꯃꯣꯁ꯭ꯐꯤꯌꯔꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ 0.934% (9340 ppmv) ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯆꯦꯂꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ (ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯆꯠꯇꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯤ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯚꯤ. 4000 ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ), ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ (400 ppmv)ꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ 23 ꯍꯦꯜꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯤꯑꯣꯅꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ 500 ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ (18 ppmv)꯫ ꯑꯥꯔꯒꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯊꯤꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯨꯁ꯭ꯇꯇꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯨꯁ꯭ꯇꯀꯤ 0.00015% ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫

ꯄ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯊꯤꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯇꯃꯣꯁ꯭ꯐꯤꯌꯔꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯒꯣꯟ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯣꯖꯦꯅꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯒꯣꯟ-꯴꯰ꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯊꯤꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯨꯁ꯭ꯇꯇꯥ ꯄꯣꯇꯥꯁꯤꯌꯝ-꯴꯰ꯒꯤ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯣꯖꯦꯅꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯒꯣꯟ-꯴꯰ꯅꯤ꯫ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯒꯣꯟ-꯳꯶ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯒꯣꯟ ꯑꯥꯏꯁꯣꯇꯣꯄꯅꯤ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯅꯣꯚꯥꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜꯂꯔ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯛꯂꯤꯑꯣꯁꯤꯟꯊꯦꯁꯤꯁꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯅꯤ꯫

"ꯑꯥꯔꯒꯟ" ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ἀργόνꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ἀργός ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯤꯁꯟ ꯁꯤꯉ꯭ꯒꯨꯂꯥꯔ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯊꯗꯤ ‘ꯂꯦꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯕ’ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ‘ꯏꯅꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ’ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯇꯧꯗꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯁꯦꯂꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯦꯠ (ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯟ ꯸) ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯒꯣꯅꯕꯨ ꯇꯪꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯕꯣꯟꯗꯦꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯄꯜ ꯄꯣꯏꯟꯇ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯸꯳.꯸꯰꯵꯸ ꯀꯦ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯱꯹꯹꯰ꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯂꯗꯥ ꯗꯤꯐꯤꯅꯤꯡ ꯐꯤꯛꯁ ꯄꯣꯏꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯥꯔꯒꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯏꯗ ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯅꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯦꯁꯅꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯋꯦꯜꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯔꯠ ꯁꯤꯜꯗꯤꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ; ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯐꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯩ ꯆꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯐꯥꯏꯠ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯐꯔꯅꯤꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯒꯣꯟ ꯑꯦꯇꯃꯣꯁ꯭ꯐꯤꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯅꯀꯦꯟꯗꯦꯁꯟ, ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯣꯔꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯂꯥꯏꯇꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁ-ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯨꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯞ ꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯨ-ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯟ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁ ꯂꯦꯖꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯣꯔꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯣ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯔꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯄꯣꯇꯥꯁꯤꯌꯝ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯥꯔꯕ

**ꯑꯥꯔꯕ** ("عربیہ", Arabic) ꯍꯥꯢꯔꯒ ꯑꯥꯔꯕꯀꯤ ꯂꯝꯂꯦꯟꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯃꯐꯝꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯈꯤꯕ, ꯑꯥꯔꯕꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯑꯥꯔꯕꯀꯤ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤ ꯉꯥꯛꯄ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯄꯨꯟꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯏꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯆꯠꯅꯔꯝꯕ ꯑꯥꯔꯕꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯑꯥꯔꯕ
ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯑꯥꯔꯕꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞ
ꯑꯥꯢꯁ꯭ꯋꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯔꯥꯢ

**ꯑꯥꯢꯁ꯭ꯋꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯔꯥꯢ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯕꯣꯜꯂꯤꯋꯨꯗ (ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯤ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯍꯩ) ꯀꯨꯝꯕꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯝ ꯂꯥꯡꯕꯤ ꯁꯤꯟꯂꯣꯢ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯪ ꯀꯨꯝ ꯲꯰꯰꯰ꯒ ꯂꯣꯢꯅꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯱꯰ ꯗ ꯕꯣꯜꯂꯤꯋꯨꯗꯀꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯢꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯝ ꯂꯥꯡꯕꯤ ꯑꯣꯢꯈꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯥꯏ•ꯑꯦꯁ•ꯑꯣ ꯶꯳꯹-꯳

**ꯑꯥꯏ•ꯑꯦꯁ•ꯑꯣ** ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ **ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯦꯁꯑꯣ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: **ISO 639-3**) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯗ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯗ
ꯑꯥꯔꯕ ꯁꯀꯣꯜ

**ꯑꯥꯔꯕ ꯁꯀꯣꯜ** (ꯑꯥꯔꯕ ꯁꯒꯣꯜ, ꯑꯥꯔꯕ ꯁꯥꯀꯣꯜ, ꯑꯥꯔꯕ ꯁꯥꯒꯣꯜ, ꯑꯥꯔꯕ ꯁꯥꯀꯣꯟ, ꯑꯥꯔꯕ ꯁꯥꯒꯣꯟ, ꯑꯥꯔꯕ ꯁꯀꯣꯟ, ꯑꯥꯔꯕ ꯁꯒꯣꯟ)(ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: **Arab horse** or **Arabian horse**)(ꯑꯥꯔꯕ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ: **حسن عربی**, ꯍꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯔꯥꯕꯤ) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯕꯀꯤ ꯂꯝꯂꯦꯟꯗ ꯃꯤꯍꯧꯔꯣꯜꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯪꯕ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯁꯀꯣꯜ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯥꯔꯕꯤ ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ

**"ꯑꯥꯔꯕꯤ ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ" (ꯑꯔꯥꯕꯤꯛ ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ)(Arabic alphabet)** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯕꯤ ꯂꯣꯟ (ꯑꯔꯥꯕꯤꯛ ꯂꯣꯟ) ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯅꯤ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
* ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯥꯔꯕꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ

**"ꯑꯥꯔꯕꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ" (ꯑꯔꯥꯕꯤꯛ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ)(Arabic script)** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯕꯤ ꯂꯣꯟ (ꯑꯔꯥꯕꯤꯛ ꯂꯣꯟ) ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯀꯌꯥꯃꯔꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯢꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯏꯅꯕ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ
ꯑꯥꯗꯤ ꯄꯔꯥꯁꯛꯇꯤ

**"ꯑꯥꯗꯤ ꯄꯔꯥꯁꯛꯇꯤ"** (ꯏꯪꯔꯥꯖꯤ: Adi Parashakti) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯢꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯃ ꯄꯥꯔꯕꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯗꯤ ꯄꯔꯥꯁꯛꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯨꯞꯄ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯁꯛꯂꯣꯟꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯢꯅ ꯂꯧꯅꯩ ꯫
ꯑꯥꯗꯤ ꯄꯔꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯊꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯄꯨ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯐꯝ, ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯣꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯅꯤ꯫ “ꯑꯗꯤ” ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯊꯗꯤ “ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ” ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ “ꯑꯔꯤꯖꯤꯅꯦꯜ” ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ “ꯄꯔꯁꯛꯇꯤ” ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯅꯥ “ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯊꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ” ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ “ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ” ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯗꯤ ꯄꯔꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯕꯨ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ, ꯑꯊꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯃꯇꯝ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯗꯨꯔꯒꯥ, ꯀꯥꯂꯤ, ꯄꯥꯔꯕꯇꯤ, ꯂꯂꯤꯇꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯔꯨꯃꯖꯩ꯫ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯔꯤꯞꯔꯖꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ꯫ ꯗꯨꯔꯒꯥꯅꯥ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯧꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯇꯥꯔꯤ꯫ ꯀꯥꯂꯤꯅꯥ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯄꯥꯔꯕꯇꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ, ꯚꯛꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯣꯀꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯒꯨꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯂꯂꯤꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯖꯕꯥ, ꯊꯧꯖꯥꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯕ꯭ꯌ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯠꯁꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ, ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯌ ꯄꯥꯌꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯡꯍ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯏꯒꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯐꯝꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯚꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯊꯧꯖꯥꯜ ꯄꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯥꯗꯤ ꯄꯔꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯕ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯈꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯄꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤꯁꯨꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯄꯨ ꯃꯉꯥꯜ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ, ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯤ, ꯎꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯂꯣꯏ꯫ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯧꯒꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯔꯊꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯊꯤꯡꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ, ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯃꯁ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯩ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯅꯤꯅꯤ ꯆꯨꯞꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯕꯔꯥꯠꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯔꯨꯃꯖꯩ꯫ ꯅꯕꯔꯥꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯗꯤ ꯄꯔꯁꯛꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯞ ꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯏꯀꯥꯌ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯩ꯫ ꯚꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯧꯖꯥꯜ ꯂꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯩ ꯁꯀꯏ, ꯃꯟꯠꯔ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯧꯔꯝ ꯄꯥꯉꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯍ꯭ꯃꯥ, ꯕꯤꯁ꯭ꯅꯨ, ꯁꯤꯕꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯔꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯥꯗꯤ ꯄꯔꯁꯛꯇꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯃꯤꯟꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯄꯨ, ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯟ ꯇꯥꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯍꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ, ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯟꯇꯤ ꯐꯪꯅꯕꯥ ꯙ꯭ꯌꯥꯟ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯉꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯚꯥꯔꯠ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯈꯨꯔꯨꯃꯖꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯗꯦꯕꯤ ꯚꯒꯕꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯂꯤꯇꯥ ꯁꯍꯥꯁ꯭ꯔꯥꯅꯥꯃꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯗꯥꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯤꯕꯒꯦ, ꯚꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯉꯥꯀꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯒꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯇꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯅꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯃꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯉꯥꯀꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯛꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯥꯗꯤ ꯄꯔꯁꯛꯇꯤꯕꯨ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯝꯃꯤ, ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯇꯝꯃꯤ, ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯐꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯡꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯔꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯃꯤꯄꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯥꯁꯥ, ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯤꯕ꯭ꯌ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡꯕꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ, ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯃꯉꯥꯂꯅꯥ ꯊꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯊꯧꯅꯤꯖꯩ꯫ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯥꯗꯤ ꯄꯔꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯅꯤ, ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯀꯄꯨ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯊꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯤꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ, ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯉꯥꯀꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯐꯝꯅꯤ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯁꯔꯁ꯭ꯋꯇꯤ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯆꯤꯉꯨ ꯈꯣꯌꯨꯝ ꯂꯥꯢꯌꯥꯝꯁꯤꯡ
ꯑꯦꯀꯦ ꯁꯦꯔꯥꯝ

**ꯑꯦꯀꯦ ꯁꯦꯔꯥꯝ**( ꯱꯹꯵꯳-) 
ꯕꯪꯂꯥꯗꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯁꯛꯅꯥꯏꯔꯕ ꯑꯌꯤꯕꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯦꯀꯦ ꯁꯦꯔꯥꯝ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯌꯤꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯪꯂꯥ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯏꯃꯥꯂꯣꯟꯕꯨ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯍꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯄ ꯂꯩꯇꯅ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯕꯪꯂꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟꯗ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯀ ꯀꯌꯥꯃꯔꯣꯝ ꯐꯣꯡꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯫ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯕꯪꯂꯥꯗꯦꯁ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯍꯤꯠ꯭ꯇ ꯁꯪꯁꯗꯛꯤ ꯊꯧꯕꯨꯔꯦꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯐꯝ ꯄꯨꯕꯤꯔꯤ ꯫

## ꯑꯉꯟꯕ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯋꯥꯔꯤ
ꯢꯪꯔꯦꯖꯤ ꯆꯩꯆꯠꯛꯤ ꯐꯦꯕ꯭ꯔꯨꯌꯥꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯛꯨꯅ ꯇꯔꯦꯠ, ꯱꯹꯵꯳ | ꯕꯪꯂꯥꯗꯦꯁꯛꯤ ꯍꯕꯤꯒꯟ꯭ꯖ ꯖꯦꯂꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯪ ꯆꯟ꯭ꯕꯥ ꯒꯣꯕꯔꯈꯣꯂꯥ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯂꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯛꯢ ꯫

## ꯐꯣꯡꯈ꯭ꯔꯕ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ
ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯐꯣꯡꯈ꯭ꯔꯕ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯲꯴ ꯃꯨꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ

## ꯐꯪꯈ꯭ꯔꯕ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯨꯝ
* ꯁꯣꯅꯥꯃꯅꯤ ꯃꯦꯃꯣꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯋꯥꯔ꯭ꯗ, ꯁꯤꯂꯦꯠ ꯱꯹꯹꯴ ꯫
* ꯌꯦꯡꯈꯣꯝ ꯀꯃꯜ ꯃꯦꯃꯣꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯋꯥꯔ꯭ꯗ, ꯁꯤꯂꯆꯔ ꯲꯰꯰꯳ ꯫
*ꯁꯍꯤꯠ꯭ꯇ ꯚꯨꯁꯅ, ꯑꯁꯥꯝ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯍꯤꯠ꯭ꯇ ꯄꯔꯤꯁꯗ ꯲꯰꯰꯸ ꯫
*ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯇꯤꯅꯝ ꯖꯨꯕꯤꯂꯤ ꯕꯤꯁꯦꯁ ꯁꯝ꯭ꯝꯥꯅ, ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯍꯤꯠ꯭ꯇ ꯄꯔꯤꯁꯗ ꯏꯝꯐꯥꯜ ꯲꯰꯱꯰ ꯫
* ꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯛꯃꯆꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯋꯥꯔ꯭ꯗ, ꯏꯝꯐꯥꯜ ꯲꯰꯱꯱ ꯫
*ꯍꯤꯖꯝ ꯏꯔꯥꯕꯇ ꯃꯦꯃꯣꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯋꯥꯔ꯭ꯗ, ꯏꯝꯐꯥꯜ ꯲꯰꯱꯱ ꯫
* ꯙꯥꯅꯁꯤꯔꯤ ꯁꯝ꯭ꯝꯥꯅꯅꯥ, ꯙꯥꯀꯥ ꯲꯰꯱꯲ ꯫
* ꯕꯪꯂꯥꯗꯦꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯒꯇꯤ ꯂꯦꯈꯛ ꯁꯪꯘ ꯁꯝ꯭ꯝꯥꯅꯅꯥ, ꯙꯥꯀꯥ ꯲꯰꯱꯵ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯈꯤꯕ
ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥ

**ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯢꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯂꯝꯂꯦꯟꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯢꯅ ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯇꯪꯈꯥꯢꯗ ꯂꯩ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯦꯇꯝ

**"ꯑꯦꯇꯝ" (Atom)** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯂꯦꯃꯦꯟꯠ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯃꯅꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯅ ꯎꯊꯣꯛꯆꯕ ꯉꯝꯕ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯢꯗꯒꯤ ꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ
ꯑꯦꯊꯦꯟꯁ

**ꯑꯦꯊꯦꯟꯁ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Athens) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯅꯨꯡꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯢꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯃꯌꯣꯜꯂꯝꯂꯦꯟꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯦꯄꯔꯤꯜ

**ꯑꯦꯄꯔꯤꯜ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯊꯄꯥꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯴ꯁꯨꯕ ꯊꯥ ꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯦꯄꯔꯤꯜ ꯊꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯳꯰ ꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯏ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ

## ꯋꯥꯄꯣꯛꯂꯣꯟ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯊꯥ ꯱꯲
ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯃꯦꯂꯤꯌꯥ(ꯁꯥ-ꯉꯥ)

ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯃꯦꯂꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯤꯡꯕ ꯊꯋꯥꯢ ꯑꯄꯛꯃꯥ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯢꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯍꯣꯜꯂꯤ, ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯆꯥꯢ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯂꯥꯕ ꯑꯃꯣꯝ ꯄꯥꯅꯔꯒ ꯃꯆꯥ ꯄꯣꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫

## ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ
* ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯥꯇꯥ
* ꯄꯣꯔꯤꯐꯦꯔꯥ
* ꯁꯤꯂꯦꯟꯇꯦꯔꯦꯇꯥ
* ꯇꯤꯅꯣꯐꯣꯔꯥ
* ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯍꯦꯜꯃꯤꯟꯊꯤꯁ
* ꯑꯁꯆꯦꯜꯃꯤꯟꯊꯤꯁ
* ꯑꯅꯦꯂꯤꯗꯥ
* ꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯣꯗꯥ
* ꯃꯣꯂꯨꯁꯀꯥ
* ꯏꯀꯥꯢꯅꯣꯗꯦꯔꯃꯥꯇꯥ
* ꯍꯦꯃꯤꯀꯣꯔꯗꯥꯇꯥ
## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯗꯥꯢꯅꯣꯁꯣꯔ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯦꯔꯕꯤꯌꯝ

**ꯑꯦꯔꯕꯤꯌꯝ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯪ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯏꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯝ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯦꯝꯐꯝꯕꯤꯌꯥ

ꯑꯦꯝꯐꯤꯕꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯥꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯆꯟꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯪꯐꯥꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯉꯝꯢ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯦꯝꯐꯤꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯢꯇꯤ

ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯃ **ꯑꯦꯝꯐꯤꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯢꯇꯤ** ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯔꯦꯟꯄꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯃꯥꯕꯤꯅꯤ ꯫  ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯄꯣꯁꯥꯢꯗꯟꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯂꯣꯢꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯏꯔꯦꯟꯄꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯃꯁꯨꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯣꯃꯥꯟ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯡꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯃꯗꯤ ꯁꯦꯂꯥꯁꯤꯌꯥꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯗꯦꯃꯤꯇꯔ
ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯕꯥꯔꯕ꯭ꯌꯨꯗꯥ

**ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯒꯥ ꯱ꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯥꯔꯕ꯭ꯌꯨꯗꯥ** (; ) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯡꯆꯨꯞ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥ ꯀꯟꯇꯤꯅꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯔꯤꯕꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯏꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯠꯂꯥꯟꯇꯤꯛ ꯏꯄꯥꯛ-ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯖꯈꯤꯕ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ
ꯑꯦꯟꯒꯣꯂꯥ

**ꯑꯦꯟꯒꯣꯂꯥ** ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ **ꯑꯪꯒꯣꯂꯥ** ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ **ꯑꯟꯒꯣꯂꯥ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯥ-ꯑꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯅꯤꯡꯇꯝꯕ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯷ꯁꯨꯕ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯅꯤ, ꯂꯨꯑꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯅ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯅꯨꯡꯁꯨꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯀꯨꯝꯖꯥ ꯲꯰꯱꯹ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯸꯰,꯰꯰,꯰꯰꯰ ꯅꯤ ꯫
ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯋꯥꯔ ꯀꯤꯂꯣꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯱꯲,꯴꯶,꯷꯰꯰ ꯅꯤ, ꯃꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯲꯲ꯁꯨꯕ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯐꯤꯔꯥꯟ

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ
ꯑꯦꯟꯖꯦꯂꯤꯅꯥ ꯖꯣꯂꯤ

**ꯑꯦꯟꯖꯦꯂꯤꯅꯥ ꯖꯣꯂꯤ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ ꯁꯛꯇꯝ ꯂꯥꯡꯕꯤ, ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯕ ꯈꯨꯟꯅꯥꯢꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡꯗ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯕꯤ ꯁꯤꯟꯂꯣꯢ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ
## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ
ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯁꯇꯣꯇꯜ

**ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯁꯇꯣꯇꯜ** (ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯇ, Ἀριστοτέλης) (ꯈꯣꯟꯇꯣꯛꯇꯤ, *Aristotélēs*, ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯈꯣꯟꯇꯣꯛꯇꯤ-aristotélɛːs) (ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯣꯂꯦꯝꯄꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯇꯥꯡꯈꯥꯏ ꯆꯥꯍꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯳꯸꯴/꯳꯸꯳ ꯕꯤ.ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯳꯲꯲ ꯗꯥ ꯗꯤꯃꯣꯁꯊꯦꯅꯦꯁ ꯅ ꯁꯤꯗꯔꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡ) ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯋꯥꯡꯎꯂꯣꯢ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟꯂꯣꯏ ꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯒꯤꯔꯥ ꯆꯥꯜꯀꯤꯗꯤ, ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯊꯪꯕ ꯂꯝꯗꯝ ꯗ ꯄꯣꯛꯈꯤ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯣꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯁꯇꯣꯇꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ **"ꯅꯣꯡꯆꯨꯞꯂꯣꯝꯒꯤ [[ꯋꯥꯡꯎꯂꯣꯟ]]ꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥ"** ꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯂꯧꯅꯩ ꯃꯔꯝꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅ ꯄꯣꯛꯂꯛꯄꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯖꯔꯛꯄ ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯕ ꯃꯌꯥꯝꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯐꯖ ꯐꯖꯕ ꯄꯤꯔꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯌꯥꯝꯗ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯤꯔꯝꯃꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯣꯔꯔꯥ

**ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯣꯔꯔꯥ** ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ **ꯑꯟꯗꯣꯔꯔꯥ** ꯁꯤ ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯞꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯪꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯃꯆꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ
ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏ

**ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟꯗ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯇꯣꯏꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯩ ꯑꯩ ꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯌꯥꯝ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯈꯪꯅꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
ꯑꯪꯀꯣꯔ ꯋꯥꯠ

**"ꯑꯟꯀꯣꯔ ꯋꯥꯠ" (Angkor Wat)** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯝꯕꯣꯗꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯁꯪ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯝ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯗ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯗ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯢꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯂꯥꯢꯁꯪ ꯅꯤ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ
* ꯄꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯥ
* ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯁꯤꯌꯝ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ
ꯑꯪꯒꯣ

ꯑꯪꯒꯣ ꯍꯥꯢꯔꯒ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄꯕꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ꯫

* ꯑꯉꯥꯡ (ꯃꯤꯡꯀꯧ)
ꯒ

**ꯒ** ( **ꯒꯣꯛ** ) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ ꯏꯕꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯀꯤ ꯱꯹ꯁꯨꯕ ꯃꯄꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯇ ꯃꯄꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯃꯄꯨꯝ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯄꯨꯟꯅ ꯲꯷ ꯁꯨꯏ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
ꯒꯣꯛ (ꯒ) ꯀꯨꯝꯖꯥ ꯳꯳꯷꯸ ꯃꯂꯤꯌꯥꯐꯝ ꯄꯥꯜꯆꯥ ꯀꯨꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯈꯤ, ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯑꯈꯪ-ꯑꯍꯩꯅ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯇ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯱꯸ ꯗ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯹ ꯍꯥꯞꯆꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯲꯷ ꯁꯦꯝꯈꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ
ꯒꯅꯦꯁ

**ꯒꯅꯦꯁ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯢꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯠꯅꯕ ꯂꯥꯢ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯂꯦꯝꯗꯤ ꯗꯨꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯄꯟꯊꯧꯗꯤ ꯁꯤꯚꯅꯤ ꯫
thumb|ꯒꯅꯦꯁ
ꯒꯅꯦꯁ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯒꯅꯄꯇꯤ ꯍꯥꯢꯔꯤꯕ ꯂꯥꯢ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯀꯌꯥꯃꯔꯨꯝꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ꯫
# **ꯚꯀ꯭ꯔꯇꯨꯟꯗ** 
# **ꯑꯦꯀꯗꯟꯇ** 
# **ꯃꯍꯣꯗꯔꯥ** 
# **ꯒꯖꯚꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯥ** (ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯒꯖꯥꯅꯟ) 
# **ꯂꯝꯕꯣꯗꯔ** 
# **ꯚꯤꯀꯇꯥ** 
# **ꯚꯤꯘꯅꯔꯥꯖꯥ**  
# **ꯙꯨꯝꯔꯥꯚꯔꯅꯥ**

ꯒꯅꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯏꯂꯤꯐꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ, ꯂꯝꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯞ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒꯣꯜꯗ ꯕꯦꯂꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯏ꯫ ꯒꯅꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ, ꯖ꯭ꯅꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯐꯃꯒꯤ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯅꯩ꯫ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ, ꯈꯣꯉꯆꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯇꯝꯕꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ, ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯒꯅꯦꯁꯇꯥ ꯊꯧꯅꯤꯖꯩ ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯐꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯑꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯀꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯀꯧꯏ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯃꯁ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯩ꯫ ꯒꯅꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯔꯕꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯂꯤꯐꯦꯟꯇ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯈꯤꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯩ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯕꯇꯤꯅꯥ ꯒꯅꯦꯁꯄꯨ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯄꯤꯕꯤꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯂꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯉꯅꯥꯑꯣ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯉꯥꯀꯄꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯖꯈꯤ꯫ ꯁꯤꯕꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯉꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯒꯅꯦꯁꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯈꯉꯂꯃꯗꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯍꯅꯈꯤꯗꯦ꯫ ꯁꯤꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯈꯤ ​​ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒꯅꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯀꯊꯠꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯕꯇꯤꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯛꯀꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯁꯀꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯒꯅꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯂꯤꯐꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯅꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯃꯛ ꯒꯅꯦꯁꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ꯫ ꯒꯅꯦꯁꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯖꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯨꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯃꯗꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯤꯔꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯦ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯊꯃꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯞꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯒꯅꯦꯁꯅꯥ ꯃꯆꯤꯟ-ꯃꯅꯥꯑꯣꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯗ꯭ꯗꯨꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯅꯃꯥꯖꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯖꯩ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯔꯥꯑꯣꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯒꯅꯦꯁ ꯆꯇꯨꯔꯇꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯒꯅꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯨꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯁꯦꯃꯖꯤꯟ ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯏꯁꯩ ꯁꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯔꯊꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯔꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯨꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯨꯄꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯇꯥꯔꯤ꯫ ꯒꯅꯦꯁꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ, ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ, ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯂꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯖꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯟꯊꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯒꯅꯦꯁꯄꯨ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯖꯩ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ, ꯃꯔꯨꯞ-ꯃꯄꯥꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯝ-ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯔꯊꯅꯥ ꯊꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ, ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯇꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯅ
## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯆꯤꯉꯨ ꯈꯣꯌꯨꯝ ꯂꯥꯢꯌꯥꯝꯁꯤꯡ
ꯒꯔꯨꯗ

ꯒꯔꯨꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯎꯆꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯚꯤꯁ꯭ꯅꯨꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯅꯦꯠ ꯁꯥ ꯑꯣꯢꯅ ꯂꯩ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯁꯦꯁꯥ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ
ꯒꯖꯔ

**"ꯒꯖꯔ (ꯒꯓꯔ)" (Carrot, ''Daucus carota'')** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯃꯔꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ
ꯑꯩꯟꯁ꯭ꯇꯩꯅꯤꯌꯝ

**ꯑꯩꯟꯁ꯭ꯇꯩꯅꯤꯌꯝ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯪ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯑꯦꯔꯕꯤꯌꯝ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯒꯣꯀꯨꯜ ꯑꯊꯣꯛꯄꯝ

**ꯒꯣꯀꯨꯜ ꯑꯊꯣꯛꯄꯝ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯅꯥꯢꯔꯕ ꯁꯛꯇꯝ ꯂꯥꯡꯕ ꯁꯤꯟꯂꯣꯢ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯀꯥꯢꯀꯨ ꯔꯥꯖꯀꯨꯃꯥꯔ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯑꯩꯗꯤ ꯅꯪꯈꯛ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯖꯩ

**ꯑꯩꯗꯤ ꯅꯪꯈꯛ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯖꯩ** ꯍꯥꯏꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯈꯤꯕ ꯏꯁꯩꯅꯤ ꯁꯩꯁꯛꯄꯤꯅꯥ ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯕꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯏꯁꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ
*ꯑꯩꯗꯤ ꯅꯪꯈꯛ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯖꯩ
*ꯑꯩꯗꯤ ꯅꯪꯈꯛ ꯄꯥꯝꯃꯨꯖꯩ
*ꯑꯩꯗꯤ ꯅꯪꯈꯛ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯖꯩ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗ ꯅꯪꯈꯛꯇꯥ
*ꯑꯩꯗꯤ ꯅꯪꯈꯛ ꯄꯥꯝꯃꯨꯖꯩ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯟꯅꯤꯡꯗꯦ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯤ
*ꯍꯥꯏꯗꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯅꯥꯗ ꯂꯣꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯟꯅꯥ
*ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯃꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯂꯀꯥꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯅꯪꯒꯤꯅꯤ ꯈꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯂꯤꯕ ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯅꯤ
*ꯑꯩꯗꯤ ꯅꯪꯈꯛ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯖꯩ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗ ꯅꯪꯈꯛꯇꯥ
*ꯑꯩꯗꯤ ꯅꯪꯈꯛ ꯄꯥꯝꯃꯨꯖꯩ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯟꯅꯤꯡꯗꯦ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯤ 
*ꯍꯥꯏꯗꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯅꯥꯗ ꯂꯣꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯟꯅꯥ
*ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯃꯣꯏ ꯂꯀꯥꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯅꯪꯒꯤꯅꯤ ꯈꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯂꯤꯕ ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯅꯤ
*ꯅꯪꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯧꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯉꯣꯟꯗ ꯌꯦꯡꯕ ꯅꯥꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕ ꯍꯦꯟꯂꯤ
*ꯅꯪꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯧꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯉꯣꯟꯗ ꯌꯦꯡꯕ ꯅꯥꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕ ꯍꯦꯟꯂꯤ
*ꯅꯪꯒꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯎꯕ ꯅꯥꯇꯧꯗ ꯄꯦꯟꯖꯥꯔꯨꯏ ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯊꯃꯣꯏꯅꯥ
*ꯅꯪꯒꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯎꯗ ꯅꯥꯇꯧꯗ ꯄꯦꯟꯖꯥꯔꯨꯏ ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯊꯃꯣꯏꯅꯥ
*ꯅꯪꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯇꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯛꯏ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯈꯤ ꯅꯪꯅꯥꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕ
*ꯑꯩꯗꯤ ꯅꯪꯈꯛ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯖꯩ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗ ꯅꯪꯈꯛꯇꯥ
*ꯑꯩꯗꯤ ꯅꯪꯈꯛ ꯄꯥꯝꯃꯨꯖꯩ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯟꯅꯤꯡꯗꯦ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯤ 
*ꯍꯥꯏꯗꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯅꯥꯗ ꯂꯣꯟꯅ ꯂꯣꯟꯅ
*ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯊꯃꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯂꯀꯥꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯅꯪꯒꯤ ꯈꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯂꯤꯕ ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯅꯤ ꯫•꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

## ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒ ꯁꯝꯅꯐꯝ

* https://www.youtube.com/1rY_LCWXX1g
ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯏꯁꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ
ꯒꯤꯓꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯄꯤꯔꯥꯃꯤꯗ

**ꯒꯤꯓꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯄꯤꯔꯥꯃꯤꯗ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: **Great Pyramid of Giza**) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯒꯤꯓꯥꯒꯤ ꯄꯤꯔꯥꯃꯤꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯢꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯄꯤꯔꯥꯃꯤꯗ ꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯉꯛꯄ ꯷ꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
* ꯕꯦꯕꯤꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯟꯕ ꯂꯩꯀꯣꯜꯁꯤꯡ
* ꯑꯟꯀꯣꯔ ꯋꯥꯠ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯒꯦꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯣ-ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁꯇꯥꯢꯅꯦꯜ ꯂꯝꯕꯦꯜ

**ꯒꯦꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯣ-ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁꯇꯥꯢꯅꯦꯜ ꯂꯝꯕꯦꯜ (Gastrointestinal tract, GI tract, GIT, digestive tract, digestion tract, alimentary canal)** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯇꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕ ꯀꯌꯥꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯣꯢꯅ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯒ ꯈꯅꯥꯎꯗꯒꯤꯅ ꯅꯤꯡ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯦꯜ ꯅꯤ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ
ꯒꯦꯂꯤꯂꯤꯑꯣ ꯒꯦꯂꯤꯂꯩ

**ꯒꯦꯂꯤꯂꯤꯑꯣ ꯒꯦꯂꯤꯂꯩ** (꯱꯵꯶꯴-꯱꯶꯴꯲)|ꯁꯤ ꯏꯇꯥꯂꯤ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯀꯤ  ꯱ꯁꯨꯡ   ꯒꯤ  ꯄꯨꯔꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯱ꯗꯤ   ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯂꯝꯗꯨꯅ  ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄ ꯄꯨꯔꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯱ꯗꯤ ꯔꯤꯂꯦꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯤꯟꯁꯤꯄꯜ ꯗ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯐꯥꯒꯠꯅꯕ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯔꯝꯃꯤ 

## ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯤꯡꯊꯥꯕ ꯌꯥꯕꯁꯤ

# ꯇꯦꯂꯤꯁꯀꯣꯞ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯂꯝꯕ
# ꯂꯩꯀꯣꯏꯄꯨꯡ [ꯃꯂꯦꯝ] ꯅ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯇ ꯀꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯝꯕ
# ꯔꯤꯂꯦꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯤꯟꯁꯤꯄꯜ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯈꯨꯃꯥꯡ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯍꯟꯂꯝꯕ 
 
## ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯋꯥꯔꯤ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯁ
ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ-ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟ
ꯒꯦꯄꯦꯂꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯌꯥꯡꯂꯝꯕꯝ

**ꯒꯦꯄꯦꯂꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯌꯥꯡꯂꯝꯕꯝ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯐꯥꯎꯒꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕꯤ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯝ ꯂꯥꯡꯕꯤ ꯁꯤꯟꯂꯣꯢ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯊꯧꯅꯥꯎꯖꯝ ꯃꯍꯦꯁ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯒꯣꯂꯣꯛ

**ꯒꯣꯂꯣꯛ** (ꯁꯪꯁ꯭ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯠ ꯂꯣꯟꯗ, "ꯒꯣꯂꯣꯀ") ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯅ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯔꯥꯙꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯨꯞꯄ ꯂꯩꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫
ꯒꯣꯂꯣꯀꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯆꯨꯌꯦꯜ ꯋꯥꯔꯜꯗ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯅꯩ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯚꯒꯕꯥꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯁ꯭ꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯚꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯃꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯒꯣꯂꯣꯀꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯥꯟꯇꯤ, ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯅꯥ ꯊꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯩ꯫ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ-ꯃꯊꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯅꯥ ꯒꯣꯂꯣꯀꯇꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ, ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ, ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯂꯕꯥ, ꯐꯖꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯥꯏꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯚꯒꯕꯥꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯁ꯭ꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯊꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯔꯁꯣꯅꯦꯂꯤꯇꯤꯅꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯒꯣꯂꯣꯀꯇꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯄꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯩ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯒꯣꯂꯣꯀꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯎꯃꯪ, ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ, ꯎꯃꯪ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯥꯖꯃꯍꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯋꯥꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯒꯣꯂꯣꯀꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯅꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯁ꯭ꯅꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯂꯤ꯫ ꯒꯣꯂꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯒꯣꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒꯣꯚꯔ ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯃꯆꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯛꯇꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯁ꯭ꯅꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯕꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯒꯣꯂꯣꯀꯥꯗꯥ ꯌꯧꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ-ꯃꯊꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯅꯥꯟꯊꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯥꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯚꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯁ꯭ꯅꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯕꯥꯗꯥ ꯏꯁꯩ ꯁꯀꯏ, ꯅꯥꯠ, ꯏꯁꯩ ꯁꯀꯏ꯫ ꯒꯣꯂꯣꯀꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯍꯔꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯐꯤꯜꯂꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯒꯣꯂꯣꯀꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ, ꯎꯄꯥꯜ, ꯁꯥ-ꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯁ꯭ꯅꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯔꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯔꯤ꯫ ꯒꯣꯂꯣꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯡꯂꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ; ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯃꯊꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯆꯨꯌꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯚꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯒꯣꯂꯣꯀꯀꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯚꯛꯇꯤ, ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯁ꯭ꯅꯗꯥ ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯃꯀꯣꯌꯕꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯒꯣꯂꯣꯀꯇꯥ ꯌꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯅꯥ ꯒꯣꯂꯣꯀꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯁꯨ ꯂꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯅꯥꯏꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯁꯤꯕꯥ, ꯑꯍꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯄꯥ, ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯑꯦꯇꯃꯣꯁ꯭ꯐꯤꯌꯥꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯗꯤꯚꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯤꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯁ꯭ꯅꯒꯤ ꯐꯖꯕꯥ, ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯒꯣꯂꯣꯀꯄꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯒꯣꯂꯣꯀꯇꯥ ꯊꯋꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯛꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯁ꯭ꯅꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯁꯣꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯁꯣꯁꯤꯑꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯃꯊꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯕꯣꯟꯗꯦꯖꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯥꯟꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯁꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ, ꯔ꯭ꯏꯁꯤꯁꯤꯡ, ꯚꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯒꯣꯂꯣꯀꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯁꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯁ꯭ꯅꯒꯤ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯒꯣꯂꯣꯀꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯩ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯉꯁꯤꯡ, ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ, ꯀ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯁ꯭ꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯚꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯒꯣꯂꯣꯀꯀꯤ ꯐꯖꯕꯥ ꯈꯉꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯕꯨ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯒꯣꯂꯣꯀꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯞ-ꯃꯄꯥꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯟꯅꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯄꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯕꯨ ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯩ, ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯃꯤꯟꯅꯩ, ꯚꯛꯇꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯁ꯭ꯅꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯕꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯕꯗꯤ ꯒꯣꯂꯣꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯁ꯭ꯅꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯛꯇꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯊꯣꯏꯕꯥ, ꯂꯣꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯥꯏꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯟꯇꯤ, ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯋꯥꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯔꯤꯞꯔꯖꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯒꯣꯂꯣꯀꯥ ꯌꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯒꯕꯥꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯁ꯭ꯅꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯥꯏꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯅꯤꯖꯔꯤ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
* ꯚꯩꯀꯨꯟꯊꯥ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯒꯧꯇꯝ ꯕꯨꯗ꯭ꯙ

**ꯒꯧꯇꯝ ꯕꯨꯗ꯭ꯙ (ꯕꯨꯙ) (ꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯙꯥꯔ꯭ꯊ ꯒꯧꯇꯃ) (गौतम बुद्ध, सिद्धार्थ गौतम) (Gautam Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama)** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯇ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯕ ꯋꯥꯡꯎꯂꯣꯢ, ꯍꯤꯔꯤꯀꯣꯟꯕ, ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛꯂꯣꯢ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯨꯆꯤꯡꯕꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯁꯤꯟ ꯊꯨꯡꯅ ꯆꯠꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯕꯧꯙ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯗꯣꯛꯂꯝꯏ ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯒꯧꯔꯤ

ꯒꯧꯔꯤ (ꯃꯍꯥꯒꯧꯔꯤ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ
* ꯚꯕꯥꯅꯤ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ
ꯁꯝꯕ꯭ꯔꯨꯂꯩ

**ꯒꯨꯂꯥꯞ** ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ **ꯁꯝꯕ꯭ꯔꯨꯂꯩ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯔꯣꯁꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯁꯥꯠꯄ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ (ꯖꯤꯅꯁ)ꯀꯤ ꯂꯩꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯢꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯃꯤꯂꯤ (ꯏꯃꯨꯡ)ꯁꯤ "ꯔꯣꯁꯥꯁ꯭ꯌꯦ"ꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯅꯩꯅꯂꯣꯟ

File:Roseleaves3800px.JPG|ꯁꯝꯕ꯭ꯔꯨꯂꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥ

ꯒꯨꯂꯥꯞ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯤꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯵ꯗꯒꯤ ꯱꯵ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯁꯥꯡꯢ ꯫

## ꯁꯛꯇꯝꯁꯤꯡ
ꯁꯝꯕ꯭ꯔꯨꯂꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯔꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ

File:Roses Boutons FR 2012.jpg
File:Rose flower in bundle.jpg


## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯂꯩ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ
ꯒꯨꯒꯜ

| founded = Start date and age19980904 in Menlo ParkCalifornia Menlo Park California
| founders = Unbulleted list
Larry Page
Sergey Brin
| hq_location = 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway
| hq_location_city = Mountain View California
| hq_location_country = U.S.
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = Unbulleted list
Sundar PichaiChief executive officerCEORuth PoratChief financial officerCFO
| products = List o Google products
| num_employees = 98,771
| num_employees_year = As 20181231alt=Q4 2018
| parent = Alphabet Inc.015–present
| subsid = Listmergers and acquisitions by AlphabetList  subsidiaries
| website = URL https:www.google.com google.com
| footnotes = url=https://www.google.com/intl/en/about/company/ archiveurl=httpsarchive.org20150116073513/https://www.google.com/intl/en/about/company/cite press release date=February 4, 2019 title=Alphabet Fourth Quarter 2018 Results url=https://abc.xyz/investor/static/pdf/2018Q4_alphabet_earnings_release.pdf dead-url=no format=PDF type=Press release location=Mountain View, California publisher=Alphabet Incpage=1 archive-url=https:archive.org20190204221316https:abcxyzinvestorstaticpdf2018Q4alphabetearnings_release.pdf archive-date=February 4, 2019 access-date=February 4, 2019 quote=Alphabet IncNASDAQ: GOOG, GOOGL) today announced financial results for the quarter and fiscal year ended December 312018.&nbsp Q1 2018 financial highlightsThe following summarizes our consolidated financial results for the quarters ended December 31, 2017 and 2018&nbsp&nbspNumber  employees [as ] Three Months Ended December 31, 2018 is98,771
}}
**ꯒꯨꯒꯜ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯜꯐꯥꯕꯦꯠ ꯏꯟꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯋꯦꯕꯁꯥꯏꯠꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯁꯤꯟꯂꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯒꯨꯒꯜ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯍꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯒꯨꯖꯔꯥꯇꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ

**ꯒꯨꯖꯔꯥꯇꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ** (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Gujarati script) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯒꯨꯖꯔꯥꯇꯤ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯀꯠꯆꯤ ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯢꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯒꯨꯖꯔꯥꯠ

**ꯒꯨꯖꯔꯥꯠ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯲꯹ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯋꯥꯄꯣꯛꯂꯣꯟ
## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
## ꯂꯝꯃꯤꯠ ꯇꯨꯃꯤꯠ
## ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ
## ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯄ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯂꯣꯟ
## ꯁꯤꯃꯤꯠꯂꯣꯟ
## ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤ
## ꯁꯥ ꯉꯥ
## ꯂꯝꯀꯣꯏꯐꯝ
## ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ
## ꯃꯍꯩ ꯃꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕ

## ꯆꯤꯡꯊꯅꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ
## ꯁꯤꯖꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ

## ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

## ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒ ꯁꯝꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ
ꯒꯨꯔꯨꯃꯌꯨꯝ ꯕꯣꯟꯅꯤ ꯁꯔꯃ

**ꯒꯨꯔꯨꯃꯌꯨꯝ ꯕꯣꯟꯅꯤ ꯁꯔꯃ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯅꯥꯢꯔꯕ ꯁꯛꯇꯝ ꯂꯥꯡꯕ ꯁꯤꯟꯂꯣꯢ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯃꯦꯛꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯅꯝ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯒꯪꯒꯥ

ꯒꯪꯒꯥ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯒꯪꯒꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯕꯥꯡꯂꯥꯗꯦꯁ ꯐꯥꯎꯅ ꯆꯦꯟꯕ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ
## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ
ꯒ꯭ꯂꯣꯇꯣꯂꯣꯒ

**ꯒ꯭ꯂꯣꯇꯣꯂꯣꯒ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏ-ꯄꯥꯎ (ꯗꯥꯇꯥ) ꯃꯌꯥꯝ ꯇꯨꯡꯁꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ

ꯒ꯭ꯂꯣꯇꯣꯂꯣꯒ
ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ

**ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ** (**ꯍꯦꯜꯂꯦꯅꯤꯛ ꯔꯤꯄꯕ꯭ꯂꯤꯛ**, **ꯍꯦꯜꯂꯥꯁ** ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯁꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ) (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Greece, Hellenic Republic, Hellas) ‍‍‍‍‍ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯥ ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯏꯌꯨꯔꯣꯞꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯅꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯕ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯲꯰꯱꯸ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯗ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯱꯰.꯷ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯁꯨꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯫ ꯑꯦꯊꯦꯟ꯭ꯁ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯂꯝꯗꯝꯁꯤꯅ  ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯢꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯃꯌꯣꯜꯂꯝꯂꯦꯟꯅꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯀꯣꯅꯨꯡꯁꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
* ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯌꯨꯝꯁꯥꯂꯣꯟ
* ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯥꯝꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯃꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯎ ꯋꯥꯔꯣꯜ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ
ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯂꯣꯟ

**ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ** (ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ:  *elliniká*) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯡꯇꯝꯕ ꯏꯟꯗꯣ-ꯏꯎꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ, 
Cyprus ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ Eastern Mediterraneanꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ Black Seaꯗ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯜꯍꯧ ꯂꯣꯟꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯟꯗꯣ-ꯏꯎꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯕ ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯆꯩꯍꯤ ꯳꯰꯰꯰ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯌꯤꯕ ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟꯅ ꯊꯝꯍꯧꯕꯗꯒꯤ  ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕꯗ ꯐꯪꯕꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯕꯗ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯜꯐꯥꯕꯦꯠ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ Phoenician scriptꯇꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯛꯄꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯊꯪ ꯃꯅꯥꯎ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯟ, ꯁꯥꯏꯔꯤꯂꯤꯛ, ꯑꯔꯃꯦꯅꯤꯌꯥꯟ, ꯀꯣꯞꯇꯤꯞ, ꯒꯣꯊꯤꯛ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯑꯇꯩ ꯏꯕꯤ ꯁꯤꯁꯇꯦꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯕꯅ ꯉꯥꯡꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ
ꯒꯪꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ

**ꯒꯪꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯒꯉ꯭ꯒꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒꯉ꯭ꯒꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯀꯧꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯔꯨꯃꯖꯩ꯫ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯁꯦꯡꯂꯕꯥ, ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯩ꯫ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯒꯉ꯭ꯒꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯞ ꯀꯣꯀꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯒꯗꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯊꯤꯕꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯩ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯉ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯁꯥꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯃꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯨꯄꯆꯩ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ꯫ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯒꯉ꯭ꯒꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯔꯊꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯊꯧꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯀꯩꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯔꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯊꯋꯥꯏ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔ꯭ꯏꯁꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯊꯧꯅꯤꯖꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯔꯣꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯈꯤ꯫ ꯒꯉ꯭ꯒꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯈꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ; ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ, ꯁꯦꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯥꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯂꯧꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯔꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯂꯥꯈ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫ ꯕꯔꯥꯅꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯔꯤꯗ꯭ꯕꯥꯔꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯍꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒꯉ꯭ꯒꯥꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ, ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯔꯊ ꯆꯠꯄꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯈꯨꯔꯨꯃꯖꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯏ꯫ ꯒꯉ꯭ꯒꯥ ꯗꯁꯦꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯊꯤꯕꯤꯗꯥ ꯒꯉ꯭ꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯔꯝ ꯄꯥꯉꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯁꯩ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯔꯊꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯔꯥꯑꯣꯕꯅꯥ ꯊꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯂꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯖꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯊꯋꯥꯏꯕꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯒꯗꯥ ꯌꯧꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯩ꯫ ꯒꯉ꯭ꯒꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯛꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯕꯨ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯃꯤꯟꯅꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯖꯤꯕ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯒꯉ꯭ꯒꯥꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯊꯪ ꯉꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯧꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯣꯟ ꯇꯥꯀꯏ꯫ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯃꯆꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯕꯨ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯊꯤꯕꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯈꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯚꯒꯕꯥꯟ ꯁꯤꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯨꯡꯂꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯊꯤꯕꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯆꯥꯎ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯅꯕꯥ꯫ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯕ꯭ꯌ ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯅꯥ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡꯕꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯒꯉ꯭ꯒꯥꯒꯤ ꯏꯊꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡ, ꯏꯁꯩ, ꯅꯥꯠꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯐꯖꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯂꯤ꯫ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯛꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯟꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯒꯉ꯭ꯒꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯂꯥꯈ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯏꯊꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ; ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯂꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯌꯣꯀꯄꯤꯕꯥ, ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ, ꯁꯥ-ꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯎꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯃꯆꯠ-ꯁꯥꯖꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯋꯥꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯒꯨꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯒꯉ꯭ꯒꯥꯗꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯐꯝ ꯈꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯏꯀꯥꯌ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯀꯄꯨ ꯊꯧꯖꯥꯜ ꯄꯤꯕꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯂꯕꯥ, ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯉꯏ꯫ ꯒꯉ꯭ꯒꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯚꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯂꯕꯥ, ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯋꯥꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡ-ꯂꯃꯇꯥꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯒꯅꯤ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯃꯍꯥꯚꯥꯔꯠꯇ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯁꯛꯇꯝ
ꯒꯨꯒꯜ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯍꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄ

**ꯒꯨꯒꯜ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯍꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄ (ꯒꯨꯒꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ)** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯒꯨꯒꯜꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯆꯕ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯆꯤꯟ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁ꯭ꯂꯦꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯔꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
* ꯌꯥꯟꯗꯦꯛꯁ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯍꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

## ꯃꯄꯥꯟ ꯒ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ
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https://translate.google.co.in/contribute ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯕ
ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯂꯦꯟ

**"ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯂꯦꯟ" (Greenland)** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯢꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯏꯊꯠꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯂꯦꯟꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯗꯦꯟꯃꯥꯔꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯟꯕꯡ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ
ꯓ

**ꯓ** ( **ꯓꯝ** ) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ ꯏꯕꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯀꯤ ꯲꯰ꯁꯨꯕ ꯃꯄꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯇ ꯃꯄꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯃꯄꯨꯝ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯄꯨꯟꯅ ꯲꯷ ꯁꯨꯏ ꯫

## ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ
ꯓꯝ (ꯓ) ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯖꯥ ꯳꯳꯷꯸ ꯃꯂꯤꯌꯥꯐꯝ ꯄꯥꯜꯆꯥ ꯀꯨꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯈꯤ, ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯑꯈꯪ-ꯑꯍꯩꯅ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯇ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯱꯸ ꯗ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯹ ꯍꯥꯞꯆꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯲꯷ ꯁꯦꯝꯈꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ
ꯔꯇꯟ ꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ

**ꯔꯇꯟ ꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯒꯤꯇ ꯅꯠꯇꯅ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯢꯅ ꯁꯛꯅꯥꯢꯔꯕ ꯐꯝꯄꯥꯛ ꯀꯨꯝꯍꯩꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯖꯤꯡ ꯂꯝꯇꯥꯛꯂꯣꯢ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
* ꯒꯦꯄꯦꯂꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯌꯥꯡꯂꯝꯕꯝ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯔꯍꯤꯝ

**ꯔꯍꯤꯝ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯕꯀꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯗ ꯀꯧꯕ ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯍꯥꯢꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯊꯣꯛ ꯑꯣꯢꯕ ꯃꯃꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯍꯁꯟ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯌꯨꯝꯁꯥꯂꯣꯟ

ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯌꯨꯝꯁꯥꯂꯣꯟ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯁꯪꯁꯥꯂꯣꯟ ꯍꯥꯢꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤ:-
* ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯌꯨꯝꯁꯥꯂꯣꯟ
* ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯌꯨꯝꯁꯥꯂꯣꯟ

## ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯌꯨꯝꯁꯥꯂꯣꯟ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯌꯨꯝꯁꯥꯂꯣꯟ
ꯔꯥꯖꯁ꯭ꯊꯥꯟ

**ꯔꯥꯖꯁꯊꯥꯟ** ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯲꯹ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯁꯤ ꯳꯴꯲,꯲꯳꯹ sq km (꯱꯳꯲,꯱꯳꯹ sq mi) ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕ ꯂꯝꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇ ꯆꯥ ꯗ ꯱꯰.꯴ ꯗꯤ ꯔꯥꯖꯁ꯭ꯊꯥꯟꯅ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯋꯥꯏꯗ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠꯅꯤ (ꯄꯥꯛꯄꯗ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯅ ꯷ ꯁꯨꯕꯗ ꯂꯩ ꯫ ꯔꯥꯖꯁ꯭ꯊꯥꯟꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯅꯣꯡꯆꯨꯞ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇ ꯂꯩ, ꯂꯩꯉꯣꯏ ꯂꯝ **ꯊꯥꯔ ꯂꯩꯉꯣꯢꯂꯝ** ꯌꯥꯎꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯄꯀꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯅꯣꯡꯆꯨꯞꯇꯅ ꯄꯟꯖꯥꯕ, ꯒꯨꯖꯔꯥꯠꯅꯥ ꯈꯥ-ꯅꯣꯡꯆꯨꯞꯇ, ꯍꯔꯤꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯎꯠꯇꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯦꯁꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛꯇ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯙ꯭ꯌ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯦꯁꯅꯥ ꯈ ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛ ꯊꯪꯕꯗ ꯑꯁꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯃꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟꯗꯎꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯋꯄꯣꯛꯂꯣꯟ
ꯔꯥꯖꯁ꯭ꯊꯥꯟ ꯍꯥꯢꯕꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯇꯣꯛꯇꯤ "ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯝ" ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ "King's Abode" ( *[[ꯔꯥꯖꯥꯥ]]* ꯍꯥꯢꯕꯗꯤ "ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ" ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ *-ꯁ꯭ꯊꯥꯟ* ꯍꯥꯢꯕꯗꯤ *ꯂꯝ, abode") ꯫  
ꯔꯥꯖꯁ꯭ꯊꯥꯟ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯃꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯝꯖ ꯱꯸꯲꯹ ꯀꯤ ꯑꯟꯅꯥꯜꯁ ꯆꯦꯐꯣꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯀꯨꯩꯇꯤꯁ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯔꯥꯖꯁ꯭ꯊꯥꯟ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯁꯦꯟꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯋꯦꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯟ ꯔꯥꯖꯄꯨꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯑꯣꯕ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯤ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯗ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯔꯥꯖꯁ꯭ꯊꯥꯟ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯃꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯄꯅꯕ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯀꯤ ꯫

==ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ==


== ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒ ꯁꯝꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ==
* [https://rajasthan.gov.in/Pages/default.aspx Official Site of the Government of Rajasthan, India]
* [http://tourism.rajasthan.gov.in/ Official Tourism Site of Rajasthan, India]

; General information 
* [https://www.britannica.com/place/Rajasthan Rajasthan] *Encyclopædia Britannica'' entry
* 
*
ꯔꯣꯁꯤ ꯍꯩꯁ꯭ꯅꯥꯝ

**ꯔꯣꯁꯤ ꯍꯩꯁ꯭ꯅꯥꯝ** ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯅꯥꯢꯔꯕꯤ ꯈꯨꯅꯨꯡ ꯏꯁꯩ ꯁꯛꯄꯤ ꯁꯩꯁꯛꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

## ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯈꯨꯅꯨꯡ ꯏꯁꯩ

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯔꯣꯃꯥꯟꯁ ꯂꯣꯟ

**ꯔꯣꯃꯥꯟꯁ** (; sometimes also spelled **Romansch**, **ꯔꯨꯃꯥꯟꯇꯁ**, or **Romanche**; Romansh: *rumantsch*, *rumàntsch*, *romauntsch* or *romontsch*) is a Romance language spoken predominantly in the southeastern Swiss canton of Grisons (Graubünden), where it has official status alongside German and Italian. It is used as the medium of instruction in schools in Romansh-speaking areas. Romansh has also been recognized as a national language of Switzerland since 1938, and as an official language in correspondence with Romansh-speaking citizens since 1996, along with German, French and Italian. It is sometimes grouped by linguists with Ladin and Friulian as a Rhaeto-Romance language, though this is disputed.

## ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ