അരിസ്റ്റോലോക്കിയ

അരിസ്റ്റോലോക്കിയേസീ സസ്യകുടുംബത്തിലെ അഞ്ഞൂറിലേറെ അംഗങ്ങളുള്ള ഒരു ജനുസാണ് ***അരിസ്റ്റോലോക്കിയ(Aristolochia)*** ().

## വിവരണം

## ഔഷധഗുണം, വിഷാംശം, കാൻസർ സ്വഭാവം

### വിഷാംശവും കാൻസർ ഉണ്ടാക്കലും

## നട്ടുവളർത്തുന്നതിന്റെ ചരിത്രം

## കിളിവാലൻ ശലഭങ്ങൾ
അരിസ്റ്റലോക്കിയയിലെ പല സ്പീഷിസുകളും പലതരം കിളിവാലൻ ശലഭങ്ങളുടെ ലാർവകളുടെ ഭക്ഷണസസ്യങ്ങളാണ്. ഇവയിൽ ചിലത് താഴെക്കൊടുക്കുന്നു:

Choreutidae
**[[Millieria]]* leaf miner
Papilionidae
*False Apollo (*Archon apollinus*) &ndash; known from numerous pipevine species
**[[Bhutanitis]]*
**Bhutan glory (*B.&nbsp;lidderdalii*) &ndash; known from *A.&nbsp;griffithi*, *A.&nbsp;kaempferii*, *A.&nbsp;mandshuriensis* and maybe others
**Chinese three-tailed swallowtail (*B.&nbsp;thaidina*) &ndash; known from *A.&nbsp;moupinensis*
*Troidini
**Great windmill (*Atrophaneura dasarada*) &ndash; only known from *A.&nbsp;griffithi*
**Common batwing (*Atrophaneura varuna*) &ndash; only known from *A.&nbsp;kaempferi*
***[[Troides plateni]]* &ndash; only known from Indian birthwort (*A.&nbsp;tagala*)
**Cairns birdwing (*Ornithoptera euphorion*)
**Richmond birdwing (*O.&nbsp;richmondia*)
**Paradise birdwing (*O.&nbsp;paradisea*)
**Rajah Brooke's birdwing (*[[Trogonoptera brookiana]]*) &ndash; only known from *A.&nbsp;foveolata*
**Magellan birdwing (*T.&nbsp;magellanus*) &ndash; known on *[[Aristolochia cucurbitifolia|A.&nbsp;cucurbitifolia]]*, *A.&nbsp;ovatifolia*, *A.&nbsp;zollingeriana* and maybe others
**Pipevine swallowtail (*Battus philenor*) &ndash; known on *[[Aristolochia macrophylla|A.&nbsp;macrophylla]]*, Virginia snakeroot (*[[Aristolochia serpentaria|A.&nbsp;serpentaria]]*) and others

In Australia the invasive *[[Aristolochia littoralis]]* is fatal to the caterpillars of *Ornithoptera euphorion* and *O.&nbsp;richmondia* and threatens to displace their proper host, *[[Aristolochia tagala|A.&nbsp;tagala]]*.

## തെരഞ്ഞെടുത്ത സ്പീഷിസുകൾ
* *[[Aristolochia acuminata]]* Lam. 
* *Aristolochia acutifolia*
* *Aristolochia allemanii*
* *Aristolochia anguicida* Jacq. &ndash; harlequin Dutchman's pipe
* *[[Aristolochia arborea]]* 
* *Aristolochia arcuata* Mast.
* *Aristolochia auricularia*
* *[[Aristolochia baetica]]*
* *Aristolochia bilabiata* L. &ndash; West Indian Dutchman's pipe
* *Aristolochia billardieri*
* *Aristolochia bilobata* &ndash; two-lobed Dutchman's pipe
* *Aristolochia bodamae*
* *[[Aristolochia boosii]]*
* *Aristolochia bottae*
* *[[Aristolochia bracteolata]]* Lam. &ndash; worm killer
* *Aristolochia bridgesii* &ndash; Chilean yellow fox's ears
* *Aristolochia burelae*
* *[[Aristolochia californica]]* Torr. &ndash; California pipevine, California Dutchman's pipe
* *Aristolochia cauliflora* Ule
* *Aristolochia caudata*
* *Aristolochia chachapoyensis*
* *Aristolochia chapmaniana* (= *A.&nbsp;tonduzii*)

* *[[Aristolochia chilensis]]* Bridges ex Lindl. &ndash; Chilean fox's ears
* *Aristolochia chrismulleriana*
* *[[Aristolochia clematitis]]* L. &ndash; European birthwort
* *Aristolochia colossifolia* &ndash; giant-leaved aristolochia
* *Aristolochia constricta*
* *[[Aristolochia contorta]]*
* *Aristolochia cordiflora*
* *Aristolochia cordigera*
* *Aristolochia cornuta*
* *Aristolochia coryi* I.M.Johnst &ndash; Cory's Dutchman's pipe
* *[[Aristolochia cucurbitifolia]]* Hayata
* *[[Aristolochia cucurbitoides]]* C.F.Liang

* *Aristolochia cymbifera* Mart.

* *Aristolochia daemoninoxia*

* *Aristolochia dalyi*
* *[[Aristolochia delavayi]]* Franch.
* *Aristolochia deltantha*
* *Aristolochia deltoidea*
* *[[Aristolochia didyma]]* &ndash; *yawar panga*
* *[[Aristolochia durior]]* (= *A.&nbsp;macrophylla*) &ndash; common Dutchman's pipe, common pipevine
* *Aristolochia erecta* &ndash; swanflower
* *[[Aristolochia eriantha]]*
* *Aristolochia esperanzae* Kuntze
* *Aristolochia fangchi* Y.C.Wu ex L.D.Chow & S.M.Hwang
* *Aristolochia filipendulina*
* *[[Aristolochia fimbriata]]* &ndash; white-veined Dutchman's pipe
* *Aristolochia foetida* &ndash; Jalisco Dutchman's pipe
* *Aristolochia foveolata*
* *Aristolochia galeata*
* *[[Aristolochia gibertii]]*
* *[[Aristolochia gigantea]]* Mart. &ndash; giant pelican flower, Brazilian Dutchman's pipe
* *Aristolochia glandulosa* J.Kickx f. &ndash; Cuban birthwort
* *[[Aristolochia gorgona]]*
* *[[Aristolochia grandiflora]]* Sw. &ndash; pelican flower
* *Aristolochia griffithi*
* *Aristolochia guentheri*
* *[[Aristolochia hainanensis]]* Merr.
* *Aristolochia hians*
* *Aristolochia hirta*
* *Aristolochia holtzei*
* *[[Aristolochia indica]]* L.
* *Aristolochia inflata*
* *Aristolochia iquitensis*
* *Aristolochia islandica*
* *Aristolochia kaempferi* Willd.
* *Aristolochia kewensis*
* *Aristolochia klugii* &ndash; moth-winged birthwort
* *[[Aristolochia labiata]]* Willd. &ndash; mottled Dutchman's pipe, rooster flower
* *Aristolochia leuconeura*
* *[[Aristolochia lindneri]]* 
* *Aristolochia lingulata*

* *[[Aristolochia littoralis]]* D.Parodi &ndash; elegant Dutchman's pipe, calico flower
* *[[Aristolochia longa]]* &ndash; long aristolochia, sarrasine
* *[[Aristolochia macrophylla]]* Lam. 
* *Aristolochia macroura*
* *Aristolochia manchuriensis*
* *Aristolochia mathewsii*
* *Aristolochia maurorum*

* *[[Aristolochia maxima]]* Jacq. &ndash; Florida Dutchman's pipe
* *Aristolochia moupinensis*
* *Aristolochia nana* &ndash; tiny pelican flower
* *[[Aristolochia obliqua]]* S.M.Hwang
* *Aristolochia odoratissima* L. &ndash; fragrant Dutchman's pipe
* *Aristolochia orbicularis*
* *Aristolochia ornithocephala* &ndash; bird's head pipevine
* *Aristolochia ovalifolia*
* *[[Aristolochia paecilantha]]*
* *Aristolochia pallida*
* *Aristolochia parviflora*
* *Aristolochia paulistana* Hoehne
* *Aristolochia peltata* L. &ndash; peltate Dutchman's pipe
* *Aristolochia pentandra* Jacq. &ndash; Marsh's Dutchman's pipe
* *Aristolochia pfeiferi* &ndash; *dubsangid* (Kuna language)
* *Aristolochia pilosa*
* *Aristolochia pistolochia* L.
* *Aristolochia poecilantha*
* *[[Aristolochia pontica]]*
* *Aristolochia prostrata*
* *Aristolochia pubera*
* *[[Aristolochia quangbinhensis]]*
* *Aristolochia raja*
* *[[Aristolochia reticulata]]* Jacq. &ndash; Red River snakeroot, Texas Dutchman's pipe
* *Aristolochia ridicula* N.E.Br.
* *[[Aristolochia ringens]]* Vahl &ndash; gaping Dutchman's pipe
* *[[Aristolochia rotunda]]* L. &ndash; smearwort, round birthwort, English mercury, mercury goosefoot, allgood, tola bona, fat hen &ndash; type species
* *Aristolochia rugosa* Lam. &ndash; mat root (Trinidad and Tobago)
* *Aristolochia salvadorensis*
***Aristolochia salvadorensis platensis*
* *Aristolochia schippii*
* *[[Aristolochia scytophylla]]* S.M.Hwang & D.L.Chen
* *[[Aristolochia sempervirens]]* L.
* *[[Aristolochia serpentaria]]* L. &ndash; Virginia snakeroot
* *Aristolochia silvatica*
* *[[Aristolochia sipho]]* L'Hér.
* *Aristolochia socorroensis*
* *Aristolochia sprucei* &ndash; spruce-leaved aristolochia
* *[[Aristolochia stevensii ]]* Barringer 
* *Aristolochia stomachoides*
* *Aristolochia surinamensis* Willd.
* *[[Aristolochia tagala]]* &ndash; Indian birthwort
* *Aristolochia taliscana*
* *Aristolochia tentaculata*
* *Aristolochia thozetii*
* *[[Aristolochia thwaitesii]]* Hook
* *[[Aristolochia tomentosa]]* Sims &ndash; woolly pipevine, woolly Dutchman's pipe
* *[[Aristolochia tricaudata]]*
* *Aristolochia trilobata* &ndash; *bejuco de Santiago* (Trinidad and Tobago)
* *[[Aristolochia tuberosa]]* C.F.Liang & S.M.Hwang
* *Aristolochia urupaensis* &ndash; heart-leaved aristolochia
* *[[Aristolochia utriformis]]* S.M.Hwang
* *[[Aristolochia watsonii]]* Woot. & Standl. &ndash; Watson's Dutchman's pipe
* *Aristolochia weddellii*
* *[[Aristolochia westlandii]]* Hemsl.
* *Aristolochia wrightii* Seem.
* *[[Aristolochia yunnanensis]]* Franch.

### മുൻപ് ഈ ജനുസിൽ ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നവ
* *[[Abuta amara]]* (as *Aristolochia amara*)
* *[[Pararistolochia goldieana]]* (Hook.f.) Hutch. & Dalziel (as *A.&nbsp;goldieana* Hook.f.)

## ഇതും കാണുക
* *[[Nepenthes aristolochioides]]*, a carnivorous plant with pitchers resembling *Aristolochia* flowers
* Opodeldoc

## കുറിപ്പുകൾ

## അവലംബം
*  (2006): Known and Probable Carcinogens (Including Industrial Processes, Occupational Exposures, Infectious Agents, Chemicals, and Radiation). Version of 02/03/2006. Retrieved 2007-NOV-12.
* 
*  Supporting information 
* 
* 

## അധികവായനയ്ക്ക്
*
*

## പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ

* Pictures of ''Aristolochia chilensis''  and ''Aristolochia bridgesii'' 


വർഗ്ഗം:Vines
വർഗ്ഗം:Piperales genera
വർഗ്ഗം:Abortifacients
വർഗ്ഗം:Medicinal plants
വർഗ്ഗം:IARC Group 1 carcinogens
വർഗ്ഗം:സസ്യജനുസുകൾ