പീറ്റർ പാൻ

സ്കോട്ടിഷ് നോവലിസ്റ്റും നാടകകൃത്തുമായ ജെ.എം.ബാരിയാണ്‌ **പീറ്റർ പാൻ** എന്ന് കഥാപാത്രത്തെ സൃഷ്ട്ടിച്ചത്. ഒരു വികൃതി പയ്യന്‌ പറക്കാനും സാധിക്കുകയും എന്നാൽ വളരാൻ കഴിയാത്ത പീറ്റർ പാൻ തന്റെ നിത്യ ബാല്യത്തിൽ നെവർലാൻഡ് എന്ന ചെറിയ ദ്വീപിൽ ചെയ്യുന്ന സാഹസിക പ്രവർത്തികളാണ്‌ ഇതിന്റെ കഥ. പീറ്ററാണ്‌ കുട്ടികളുടെ നേതാവ്. ജലകന്യകയും ലോസ്റ്റ്ബോയ്സ് എന്ന് അമേരിക്കൻ കുട്ടികളും കഥയിൽ ഉണ്ട്. ബാരിയുടെ രണ്ട് വ്യത്യസ്ത കഥകൾ കൂട്ടിയോജിപ്പിച്ചാണ്‌ ഈ കഥ ഉണ്ടാക്കിയത്. ഇതിലെ കഥാപാത്രങ്ങൾ വിവിധ മാധ്യമങ്ങളിൽ വ്യത്യസ്ത രൂപത്തിൽ പുനരവതരിപ്പിക്കുകയുണ്ടായി. അവയിൽ അനിമേഷൻ ചലചിത്രങ്ങളും നാടക ചിത്രങ്ങളും ടി.വി ഷോകളും ഉൽപ്പെടുന്നു.

## പ്രസിദ്ധീകരണങ്ങൾ

### രചനകൾ
* 1904 - *[[Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up]]* (play): Peter brings Wendy and her brothers to Neverland, where he has a showdown with his nemesis, Captain Hook. This play was adapted as a novel by Barrie. Variations and adaptations have been produced in various media.
* 1906 - *[[Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens]]*: an origin story where the infant Peter flies away from his home, takes up residence in Kensington Gardens and makes friends with the fairies. It is a "book-within-a-book" that was first published in Barrie's *[[The Little White Bird]]* in 1902.
* 1911 - *[[Peter and Wendy]]* (novel), later published as *Peter Pan and Wendy*, adapted as a novel from the play, it also incorporates events of Barrie's sequel play, *An Afterthought*.

### രചനകൾ

* 2004-2009: *[[Peter and the Starcatchers]]*, *[[Peter and the Shadow Thieves]]* (2006), *[[Peter and the Secret of Rundoon]]* (2007), *[[Peter and the Sword of Mercy]]* (2009), a series of novels by Dave Barry and Ridley Pearson: Peter leaves a London orphanage for a series of adventures, which offer an origin story for Captain Hook, fairies, his abilities, and the Lost Boys.  Along with Molly Aster, Peter takes on many enemies and saves the world on more than one occasion.  Tinker Bell is introduced.
* *[[Peter Pan in Scarlet]]* (2006), a novel by Geraldine McCaughrean: Wendy, John, and most of the Lost Boys return to Neverland, where Peter has begun to take Captain Hook's place.  It serves as an official sequel to *Peter and Wendy*.

## ചലച്ചിത്രങ്ങൾ

### ആദ്യ രചനയെ അടിസ്ഥാനമാക്കിയ ചലച്ചിത്രങ്ങൾ
* 1924 – *[[Peter Pan (1924 film)|Peter Pan]]*, a silent film released by Paramount Pictures, the first film adaptation of the play by J. M. Barrie, starring Betty Bronson as Peter.
* 1953 – *[[Peter Pan (1953 film)|Peter Pan]]*, an animated film produced by Walt Disney adapted from the play. 
* 2003 – *[[Peter Pan (2003 film)|Peter Pan]]*, a live action film released by Universal Pictures, Columbia Pictures and Revolution Studios, directed by P. J. Hogan, starring Jeremy Sumpter as Peter and Jason Isaacs as Hook.
* 2015 – *Peter and Wendy*, a two-hour drama based on J.M. Barrie's novel to be aired on the British TV channel ITV, produced by Headline Pictures, with Stanley Tucci as Captain Hook, Paloma Faith as Tinker Bell, Laura Fraser as Mrs. Darling and Zac Sutcliffe as Peter.

### മറ്റ്ചലച്ചിത്രങ്ങൾ
* 1991 – *[[Hook (film)|Hook]]*, a live-action sequel directed by Steven Spielberg, starring Robin Williams as the adult Peter Banning, Dustin Hoffman as Hook and Julia Roberts as Tinker Bell.
* 2002 – *[[Return to Never Land]]*, an animated sequel to the 1953 Disney film.
* 2015 – *[[Pan (2015 film)|Pan]]*, a live-action origin film directed by Joe Wright, released by Warner Bros., starring Levi Miller as Peter, Hugh Jackman as Blackbeard and Garrett Hedlund as Hook.

## ജനകീയമായ മറ്റ് സപ്രേക്ഷണങ്ങൾ
*Since their 1953 animated film, Walt Disney has continued to use Peter Pan as a character. The studio featured him in the sequel film *Return to Neverland,* in their parks as a meetable character, and as the protagonist of the dark ride, Peter Pan's Flight. He also appears in *[[Disney's House of Mouse|House of Mouse]]*, *[[Mickey's Magical Christmas: Snowed in at the House of Mouse|Mickey's Magical Christmas]]*, and the *[[Kingdom Hearts (series)|Kingdom Hearts]]* video games.
*J. R. R. Tolkien's biographer Humphrey Carpenter has speculated that Tolkien's impressions of a 1910 production of Barrie's *Peter Pan* in Birmingham "may have had a little to do with" his original conception of the Elves of Middle Earth.
*In the television series *[[Once Upon a Time (TV series)|Once Upon A Time]]*, a malevolent version of Peter Pan, portrayed by Robbie Kay, appears as the main villain in the first half of the show's third season. It is revealed that he was originally a cowardly trickster named Malcolm, and Rumpelstiltskin's father. 
The name Peter Pan has been adopted for various purposes over the years:
*Three thoroughbred racehorses have been given the name, the first born in 1904.
*Several businesses have adopted the name, including Peter Pan Bus Lines, Peter Pan peanut butter, and Peter Pan Records.
*In the early 1960s, some Cuban families sent their children to resettle in Miami in an emergency effort calculated to save the children from perceived potential mistreatment under the Castro socialist regime; the program was called Operation Peter Pan (or *Operación Pedro Pan*).
*American psychologist Dr. Dan Kiley popularised the Peter Pan syndrome (*puer aeternus*) in his 1983 book, *The Peter Pan Syndrome: Men Who Have Never Grown Up.* He described individuals (usually male) with underdeveloped maturity. His next book, *The Wendy Dilemma* (1984), advises women romantically involved with "Peter Pans" how to improve their relationships.
*Japanese manga artist, Mayu Sakai, appropriated the English term for her series, *[[Peter Pan Syndrome (manga)|Peter Pan Syndrome]]*.
*Peterpan is the former name for an Indonesian pop-rock band, now called Noah.

## ശിൽപങ്ങൾ
*Barrie commissioned a statue of Peter Pan by sculptor George Frampton which was erected overnight in Kensington Gardens on 30 April 1912 as a May Day surprise to the children of London. Seven statues have been cast from the original mould. The other six are located in:
**Egmont Park, Brussels, Belgium, 1924
**Bowring Park, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada, Bowring Park, 1925
**Johnson Park, Camden, New Jersey, United States, 1926
**Queens Gardens, Perth, Western Australia, 1927
**Sefton Park, Liverpool, England, 1928
**Glenn Gould Park, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 1929
* The town council of Melbourne, Australia, commissioned a statue of Peter Pan in 1926; it is now located in Melbourne Zoo.
* A statue of Pan by Alex Proudfoot RSA, Principal of Glasgow School of Art, was erected at the Mearnskirk Hospital for children in Glasgow in 1949, commissioned by Alfred Ellsworth in memory of his friend Dr John A Wilson, first superintendent of Mearnskirk Hospital. Wilson had also been a school friend of J.M. Barrie.
* A statue by Ivan Mitford-Barberton was commissioned by Vyvyan and Gwen Watson in remembrance of their son Peter and given in 1959 to the Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital in Western Cape, South Africa.
* A pair of statues by Cecil Thomas, one showing Peter Pan and Tinker Bell, and the other Wendy and the Darling children, have been located in Dunedin Botanic Gardens in Dunedin, New Zealand since the 1960s.
* Two bronze casts of a statue by Alistair Smart, originally commissioned by the Angus Milling Company in 1972, are in Kirriemuir, Scotland, one in the main town square and the other in the Peter Pan Garden by Barrie's Birthplace, now owned by the National Trust of Scotland.
* A bronze statue by Diarmuid Byron O'Connor was commissioned by Great Ormond Street Hospital in London and unveiled in 2000, showing Peter blowing fairy dust, with Tinker Bell added in 2005.


File:Kirriemuir, Peter Pan Statue.jpg|Statue in Kirriemuir, Scotland
File:Public art - Peter Pan, Queens Gardens, Perth.jpg|Statue in Perth, Australia
File:Peter_Pan_Statue.jpg|Statue in St. John's, Canada
File:Statue of Peter Pan and Tinkerbell in Dunedin Botanic Gardens, Dunedin, New Zealand.jpg|Statue in Dunedin, New Zealand
File:Brussel, Egmontpark-PM 57638.jpg|Statue in Egmont Park, Brussels, Belgium


## അവലംബം

## പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ

*  (1991 Millennium Fulcrum Edition)
* Neverpedia 
* Peter Pan: over 100 years of the boy who wouldn’t grow up from the Museum of the City of New York Collections blog

വർഗ്ഗം:കഥാപാത്രങ്ങൾ