കാനിഡേ

നായകളും, ചെന്നായകളും, കൊയോട്ടികളും, കുറുക്കനും, കുറുനരിയും, ഡിങ്കോകളും കൂടാതെ നിരവധി നിലവിലുള്ളതും വംശനാശം സംഭവിച്ചതുമായ, നായകളെപ്പോലെയിരിക്കുന്ന സസ്തനികൾ അടങ്ങിയ ഒരു കുടുംബമാണ് **കാനിഡേ** (**Canidae)** 
 (ലാറ്റിനിൽ കാനിസ് എന്നാൽ നായ എന്നർത്ഥം). ഈ കുടുംബത്തിലെ അംഗങ്ങളെ **കാനിഡ് (canid)** (, ) എന്നു വിളിക്കുന്നു.

## നാമകരണം

### ഫൈലോജനിൿ ബന്ധങ്ങൾ
ലഘുചിത്രം|Indian wolf at Velavadar (Blackbuck National Park, Gujarat)
കാനിഡേയ്ക്കുള്ളിൽ, അലോസൈം, ക്രോമസോം വിശകലനങ്ങളുടെ ഫലങ്ങൾ മുമ്പ് നിരവധി ഫൈലോജെനെറ്റിക് ഡിവിഷനുകൾ നിർദ്ദേശിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്:

# The wolf-like canids (genus *Canis*, *Cuon*, and *Lycaon*) include the domestic dog *(Canis lupus familiaris)*, gray wolf (*Canis lupus*), red wolf (*Canis rufus*), eastern wolf (*Canis lycaon*), coyote (*Canis latrans*), Eurasian golden jackal (*Canis aureus*), African golden wolf (*Canis anthus*), Ethiopian wolf (*Canis simensis*), black-backed jackal (*Canis mesomelas*), side-striped jackal (*Canis adustus*), dhole (*Cuon alpinus*), and African wild dog (*Lycaon pictus*).
# The fox-like canids include the kit fox (*Vulpes velox*), red fox (*Vulpes vulpes*), Cape fox (*Vulpes chama*), Arctic fox (*Vulpes lagopus*), and fennec fox (*Vulpes zerda*).
# The South American canids include the bush dog (*Speothos venaticus*), hoary fox (*Lycalopex uetulus*), crab-eating fox (*Cerdocyon thous*), and maned wolf (*Chrysocyon brachyurus*).
# Various monotypic taxa include the bat-eared fox (*Otocyon megalotis*), gray fox (*Urocyon cinereoargenteus*), and raccoon dog (*Nyctereutes procyonoides*).

DNA analysis shows that the first three form monophyletic clades. The wolf-like canids and the South American canids together form the tribe Canini. Molecular data imply a North American origin of living Canidae some 10 Mya and an African origin of wolf-like canines (*Canis*, *Cuon*, and *Lycaon*), with the jackals being the most basal of this group. The South American clade is rooted by the maned wolf and bush dog, and the fox-like canids by the fennec fox and Blanford's fox. The gray fox and island fox are basal to the other clades; however, this topological difference is not strongly supported.

The cladogram below is based on the phylogeny of Lindblad-Toh et al. (2005), modified to incorporate recent findings on *Canis*, *Vulpes*, *[[Lycalopex]]*, and *[[Dusicyon]]* species.

## പരിണാമം
ലഘുചിത്രം|300x300ബിന്ദു|Diagram of a wolf skull with key features labelled
[കണ്ണി=Special:FilePath/Lupocranio.jpg|വലത്ത്‌|ലഘുചിത്രം|[Eurasian wolf skull]]



## Life history


വലത്ത്‌|ലഘുചിത്രം|A feral dog from Sri Lanka nursing her puppies
[ലഘുചിത്രം|Traditional English [fox hunt]]

## നിലവിലുള്ളതും സമീപകാലത്ത് വംശനാശം സംഭവിച്ച സ്പീഷിസുകളും
[വലത്ത്‌|ലഘുചിത്രം|The genus ''[Canis*: [[Wolf|gray wolf]], [[coyote]], [[African golden wolf]], [[Ethiopian wolf]], [[golden jackal]], [[black-backed jackal]] and [[side-striped jackal]]]]
[[പ്രമാണം:Genus_pseudalopex.jpg|വലത്ത്‌|ലഘുചിത്രം|The genus *Lycalopex*: [[culpeo]], [[pampas fox]], [[South American gray fox|chilla]] and [[Darwin's fox]]]]
[[പ്രമാണം:Genus_vulpes.jpg|വലത്ത്‌|ലഘുചിത്രം|The genus *Vulpes*: [[red fox]], [[Rüppell's fox]], [[corsac fox]], [[Bengal fox]], [[Arctic fox]], [[Blanford's fox]], [[Cape fox]] and [[fennec fox]]]]

[[പ്രമാണം:Dhole_at_Tadoba.jpg|വലത്ത്‌|ലഘുചിത്രം|[[Dhole]]]]
[[പ്രമാണം:African_wild_dog,_Lycaon_pictus_at_Savuti,_Chobe_National_Park,_Botswana.jpg|വലത്ത്‌|ലഘുചിത്രം|[[African wild dog]]]]
[[പ്രമാണം:Short-eared_Dog.jpg|വലത്ത്‌|ലഘുചിത്രം|[[Short-eared dog]]]]
[[പ്രമാണം:ZooManedWolf.jpg|വലത്ത്‌|ലഘുചിത്രം|[[Maned wolf]]]]
[[പ്രമാണം:Bush_dog.JPG|വലത്ത്‌|ലഘുചിത്രം|[[Bush dog]]]]
[[പ്രമാണം:Urocyon_cinereoargenteus.jpg|വലത്ത്‌|ലഘുചിത്രം|[[Gray fox]]]]
[[പ്രമാണം:Otocyon_megalotis_(Namibia).jpg|വലത്ത്‌|ലഘുചിത്രം|[[Bat-eared fox]]]]
[[പ്രമാണം:Tanuki01_960.jpg|വലത്ത്‌|ലഘുചിത്രം|[[Raccoon dog]]]]

All extant species of family Canidae are in subfamily Caninae.

=== Subfamily Caninae ===

* *'True dogs** – Tribe Canini
** Genus ''[[Canis]]'' (see also [[List of Canis species and subspecies]] which also includes some varieties)
*** [[Wolf|Gray wolf]], ''Canis lupus'' (2.723 Mya to present)
**** [[Dog|Domestic dog]], ''Canis lupus familiaris''
**** [[Dingo]], most often classified as ''Canis lupus dingo''
**** [[Subspecies of Canis lupus|Many other subspecies]]
*** [[Red wolf]], ''Canis rufus'' (sometimes considered a subspecies of the gray wolf, but including several subtaxa of its own, including the [[Florida black wolf]])
*** [[Eastern wolf]], ''Canis lycaon''
*** [[Coyote]], ''Canis latrans'' (also called prairie wolf and brush wolf)
*** [[Dire wolf]], ''Canis dirus'' () [[Extinction|†]]
*** [[African golden wolf]], ''Canis anthus''
*** [[Golden jackal]], ''Canis aureus''
*** [[Ethiopian wolf]], ''Canis simensis'' (also called Abyssinian red jackal, Simien fox and Simien jackal)
*** [[Side-striped jackal]], ''Canis adustus''
*** [[Black-backed jackal]], ''Canis mesomelas'' (also called silver-backed jackal)
** Genus ''Cuon''
*** [[Dhole]], ''Cuon alpinus'' or ''Canis alpinus'' (also called Asiatic wild dog)
** Genus ''[[Cynotherium]]'' [[Extinction|†]]
*** [[Sardinian dhole]], ''Cynotherium sardous'' [[Extinction|†]]
** Genus ''[[Lycaon (genus)|Lycaon]]''
*** [[African wild dog]], ''Lycaon pictus'' (also called African hunting dog)
** Genus ''Atelocynus''
*** [[Short-eared dog]], ''Atelocynus microtis''
** Genus ''Cerdocyon''
*** [[Crab-eating fox]], ''Cerdocyon thous''
** Genus ''[[Dusicyon]]'' [[Extinction|†]]
*** [[Falkland Islands wolf]], ''Dusicyon australis'' [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''[[Dusicyon avus]]'' [[Extinction|†]]
** Genus ''[[Lycalopex]] (Pseudalopex)''
*** [[Culpeo]], ''Lycalopex culpaeus'' 
**** [[Fuegian dog]], ''Lycalopex culpaeus domesticus'' [[Extinction|†]]
*** [[Darwin's fox]], ''Lycalopex fulvipes''
*** [[South American gray fox]], ''Lycalopex griseus''
*** [[Pampas fox]], ''Lycalopex gymnocercus''
*** [[Sechuran fox]], ''Lycalopex sechurae''
*** [[Hoary fox]], ''Lycalopex vetulus''
** Genus ''Chrysocyon''
*** [[Maned wolf]], ''Chrysocyon brachyurus''
** Genus ''Speothos''
*** [[Bush dog]], ''Speothos venaticus''
* **True foxes** – Tribe 
** Genus ''[[Vulpes]]''
*** [[Arctic fox]], ''Vulpes lagopus''
*** [[Red fox]], ''Vulpes vulpes'' (1 Mya to present)
**** [[Domesticated red fox]], ''Vulpes vulpes amicus''
*** [[Swift fox]], ''Vulpes velox''
*** [[Kit fox]], ''Vulpes macrotis''
*** [[Corsac fox]], ''Vulpes corsac''
*** [[Cape fox]], ''Vulpes chama''
*** [[Pale fox]], ''Vulpes pallida''
*** [[Bengal fox]], ''Vulpes bengalensis''
*** [[Tibetan sand fox]], ''Vulpes ferrilata''
*** [[Blanford's fox]], ''Vulpes cana''
*** [[Rüppell's fox]], ''Vulpes rueppelli''
*** [[Fennec fox]], ''Vulpes zerda''
** Genus ''[[Nyctereutes]]''
*** [[Raccoon dog]], ''Nyctereutes procyonoides''
** Genus ''Otocyon''
*** [[Bat-eared fox]], ''Otocyon megalotis''

* Genus ''[[Urocyon]]'' (2 Mya to present)
*** [[Gray fox]], ''Urocyon cinereoargenteus''
*** [[Island fox]], ''Urocyon littoralis''
*** [[Cozumel fox]], ''Urocyon'' sp.

[[പ്രമാണം:Canidae_Species_Divesity.png|വലത്ത്‌|ലഘുചിത്രം|320x320ബിന്ദു|Fluctuation of species within Canidae over 40 million years]]

== Prehistoric Canidae ==
Except where otherwise stated, the following classification is based on a 1994 paper by [[Xiaoming Wang (paleontologist)|Xiaoming Wang]], curator of terrestrial mammals at the [[Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County]] on the [[systematics]] of the subfamily [[Hesperocyoninae]], a 1999 paper by Wang, together with the zoologists [[Richard H. Tedford]] and Beryl E. Taylor on the subfamily [[Borophaginae]], and a 2009 paper by Tedford, Wang and Taylor on the North American fossil Caninae.

=== Subfamily Caninae ===
[[പ്രമാണം:Canis_arnensis_restoration.jpg|ലഘുചിത്രം|Restoration of ''C. arnensis'']]
[[പ്രമാണം:Canis_etruscus_restoration.jpg|ലഘുചിത്രം|Restoration of ''C. etruscus'']]
[[പ്രമാണം:Canis_othmani_restoration.jpg|ലഘുചിത്രം|Restoration of ''C. othmani'']]

* Genus ''[[Cynodictis]]''
* Genus ''[[Gobicyon]]''
* Genus ''[[Protemnocyon]]''
* **Tribe Canini**
** Genus ''[[Canis]]''
*** ''Canis adoxus'' [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''Canis ameghinoi'' [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''[[Canis apolloniensis]]'' () [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''[[Canis armbrusteri]]'' () [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''[[Canis arnensis]]'' (1.9-1.6 Mya) [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''Canis cautleyi '' [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''[[Canis cedazoensis]]'' () [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''[[Canis dirus]]'' （0.125-0.009 Mya）[[Extinction|†]]
*** ''Canis donnezani'' (4.0–3.1 Mya) [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''[[Canis edwardii]]'' () [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''Canis (Eucyon) cipio'' (8.2 Mya) [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''[[Canis etruscus]]'' (1.9-1.6 Mya) [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''[[Canis ferox]]'' () [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''[[Canis nehringi|Canis gezi]]'' [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''[[Canis lepophagus]]'' ()[[Extinction|†]]
*** ''Canis michauxi '' [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''Canis othmani'' [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''[[Canis mosbachensis]]'' (0.5 Mya) [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''[[Canis nehringi]]'' [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''[[Canis mosbachensis#Canis variabilis|Canis variabilis]]'' (0.5 Mya) [[Extinction|†]]
** Genus ''[[Theriodictis]]'' ()[[Extinction|†]]
*** ''Theriodictis platensis'' (1.8 Mya) [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''Theriodictis tarijensis'' (1.8 Mya) [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''Theriodictis (Canis) proplatensis'' (2.1 Mya) [[Extinction|†]]
** Genus ''[[Protocyon]]'' [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''Protocyon orcesi'' [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''Protocyon scagliarum'' [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''Protocyon troglodytes'' [[Extinction|†]]
** Genus ''[[Cerdocyon]]''
*** ''[[Cerdocyon avius]]'' [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''Cerdocyon ensenadensis'' [[Extinction|†]]
** Genus ''[[Speothos]]''
*** ''[[Speothos pacivorus]]'' [[Extinction|†]]
** Genus ''[[Nurocyon]]'' [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''Nurocyon chonokhariensis'' [[Extinction|†]]
** Genus ''[[Xenocyon]]'' [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''[[Xenocyon#Canis (Xenocyon) falconeri|Xenocyon falconeri]]'' (1.9-1.6 Mya) [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''[[Xenocyon#Canis (Xenocyon) lycaonoides|Xenocyon lycaonoides]]'' () [[Extinction|†]]
* **Tribe Vulpini**
** Genus ''[[Vulpes]]'' (7 Mya to present)
*** ''Vulpes alopecoides'' (2.6 Mya) [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''Vulpes cf. alopecoides'' (2.6 Mya) [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''Vulpes cf. vulpes'' (0.1275 Mya) [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''Vulpes galaticus'' (4.2 Mya) [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''[[Vulpes riffautae]]'' (7 Mya) [[Extinction|†]]
* **Basal Caninae**
** Genus ''[[Nyctereutes]]'' (7.1 Mya to present)
*** ''Nyctereutes cf. donnezani'' (7.1 Mya) [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''Nyctereutes cf. megamastoides'' (3.158 Mya) [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''[[Nyctereutes donnezani]]'' (3.4 Mya) [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''Nyctereutes megamostoides'' (2.6 Mya) [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''Nyctereutes sinensis'' (3.4 Mya) [[Extinction|†]]
* **First Caninae**
** Genus ''[[Eucyon]]'' (8 Mya) [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''Eucyon davisi'' (8.3 Mya [[Extinction|†]], probably the ancestor of ''Canis'')
*** ''Eucyon minor'' (8 Mya [[Extinction|†]])
*** ''Eucyon zhoui'' (8 Mya [[Extinction|†]])
*** ''Eucyon monticinensis'' (8 Mya [[Extinction|†]])
*** ''Eucyon odessanus'' †
** Genus ''[[Leptocyon]]'' (24–16 Mya) [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''Leptocyon vafer'' (16 Mya [[Extinction|†]])
*** ''Leptocyon vulpinus'' (24 Mya [[Extinction|†]])

=== Subfamily [[Borophaginae]] ===

* Genus ''[[Archaeocyon]]'' () [[Extinction|†]]
** ''Archaeocyon falkenbachi'' () [[Extinction|†]]
** ''Archaeocyon leptodus'' () [[Extinction|†]]
** ''Archaeocyon pavidus'' () [[Extinction|†]]
* Genus ''[[Otarocyon]]'' () [[Extinction|†]]
** ''Otarocyon cooki'' () [[Extinction|†]]
** ''Otarocyon macdonaldi'' () [[Extinction|†]]
* Genus ''[[Oxetocyon]]'' () [[Extinction|†]]
** ''Oxetocyon cuspidatus'' () [[Extinction|†]]
* Genus ''[[Rhizocyon]]'' (30 Mya)
** ''Rhizocyon oregonensis'' (30 Mya)
* **Tribe Phlaocyonini** () [[Extinction|†]]
** Genus ''[[Cynarctoides]]'' () [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''[[Cynarctoides acridens]]'' () [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''[[Cynarctoides emryi]]'' () [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''[[Cynarctoides gawnae]]'' () [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''[[Cynarctoides harlowi]]'' () [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''[[Cynarctoides lemur]]'' (30 Mya) [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''[[Cynarctoides luskensis]]'' () [[Extinction|†]]
*** ''[[Cynarctoides roii]]'' () [[Extinction|†]]
** Genus ''[[Phlaocyon]]'' (30–19 Mya)
*** ''[[Phlaocyon achoros]]''
*** ''[[Phlaocyon annectens]]'' (22 Mya)
*** ''[[Phlaocyon latidens]]'' (30 Mya)
*** ''Phlaocyon leucosteus'' (22 Mya)
*** ''[[Phlaocyon mariae]]''
*** ''Phlaocyon marslandensis'' (19 Mya)
*** ''[[Phlaocyon minor]]'' (30 Mya)
*** ''Phlaocyon multicuspus''
*** ''Phlaocyon taylori''
*** ''Phlaocyon yakolai'' (19 Mya)
* **Tribe Borophagini*' () [[Extinction|†]]
** Genus *Cormocyon* () [[Extinction|†]]
*** *Cormocyon copei* () [[Extinction|†]]
*** *Cormocyon haydeni* () [[Extinction|†]]
** Genus *Desmocyon* () [[Extinction|†]]
*** *Desmocyon matthewi* () [[Extinction|†]]
*** *Desmocyon thompsoni* [[Extinction|†]]
** Genus *Metatomarctus* () [[Extinction|†]]
*** *Metatomarctus canavus* () [[Extinction|†]]
*** *Metatomarctus sp. A* (16 Mya)
*** *Metatomarctus sp. B* (16 Mya)
** Genus *Euoplocyon* (18–16 Mya)
*** *Euoplocyon brachygnathus* (16 Mya)
*** *Euoplocyon spissidens* (18 Mya)
** Genus *Psalidocyon* (16 Mya)
*** *Psalidocyon marianae* (16 Mya)
** Genus *Microtomarctus* () [[Extinction|†]]
*** *Microtomarctus conferta* () [[Extinction|†]]
** Genus *Protomarctus* (18 Mya)
*** *Protomarctus optatus* (18 Mya)
** Genus *Tephrocyon* (16 Mya)
*** *Tephrocyon rurestris* (16 Mya)
** Subtribe [[Cynarctina]] [[Extinction|†]]
*** Genus *Paracynarctus* () [[Extinction|†]]
**** *Paracynarctus kelloggi* () [[Extinction|†]]
**** *Paracynarctus sinclairi* () [[Extinction|†]]
*** Genus *Cynarctus* () [[Extinction|†]]
**** *Cynarctus crucidens* () [[Extinction|†]]
**** *Cynarctus galushai* () [[Extinction|†]]
**** *Cynarctus marylandica* () [[Extinction|†]]
**** *Cynarctus saxatilis* () [[Extinction|†]]
**** *Cynarctus voorhiesi* () [[Extinction|†]]
**** *Cynarctus wangi* () [[Extinction|†]]
** Subtribe [[Aelurodontina]] () [[Extinction|†]]
*** Genus *Tomarctus* () [[Extinction|†]]
**** *Tomarctus brevirostris* () [[Extinction|†]]
**** *Tomarctus hippophaga* () [[Extinction|†]]
*** Genus *Aelurodon* () [[Extinction|†]]
**** *Aelurodon asthenostylus* () [[Extinction|†]]
**** *Aelurodon ferox* () [[Extinction|†]]
**** *Aelurodon mcgrewi* () [[Extinction|†]]
**** *Aelurodon montanensis* () [[Extinction|†]]
**** *Aelurodon stirtoni* () [[Extinction|†]]
**** *Aelurodon taxoides* () [[Extinction|†]]
** Subtribe [[Borophagina]] () [[Extinction|†]]
*** Genus *Paratomarctus* () [[Extinction|†]]
**** *Paratomarctus euthos* (13 Mya)
**** *Paratomarctus temerarius* (16 Mya)
*** Genus *Carpocyon* () [[Extinction|†]]
**** *Carpocyon compressus* () [[Extinction|†]]
**** *Carpocyon limosus* () [[Extinction|†]]
**** *Carpocyon robustus* () [[Extinction|†]]
**** *Carpocyon webbi* () [[Extinction|†]]
*** Genus *Protepicyon* (16 Mya)
**** *Protepicyon raki* (16 Mya)
*** Genus *Epicyon* () [[Extinction|†]]
**** *Epicyon aelurodontoides* () [[Extinction|†]]
**** *Epicyon haydeni* () [[Extinction|†]]
**** *Epicyon saevus* () [[Extinction|†]]
*** Genus *Borophagus* () [[Extinction|†]]
**** *Borophagus diversidens* (5 Mya) [[Extinction|†]]
**** *Borophagus dudleyi* () [[Extinction|†]]
**** *Borophagus hilli* () [[Extinction|†]]
**** *Borophagus littoralis* () [[Extinction|†]]
**** *Borophagus orc* () [[Extinction|†]]
**** *Borophagus parvus* () [[Extinction|†]]
**** *Borophagus pugnator* () [[Extinction|†]]
**** *Borophagus secundus* () [[Extinction|†]]

=== Subfamily [[Hesperocyoninae]] ===
[[Extinction|†]] (Mya = million years ago)

* Genus *Cynodesmus* (32–29 Mya)
** *Cynodesmus martini* (29 Mya)
** *Cynodesmus thooides* (32 Mya)
* ?Genus *Caedocyon*
** *Caedocyon tedfordi*
* Genus *Ectopocynus* (32–19 Mya)
** *Ectopocynus antiquus* (32 Mya)
** *Ectopocynus intermedius* (29 Mya)
** *Ectopocynus siplicidens* (19 Mya)
* Genus *Enhydrocyon* (29–25 Mya)
** *Enhydrocyon basilatus* (25 Mya)
** *Enhydrocyon crassidens* (25 Mya)
** *Enhydrocyon pahinsintewkpa* (29 Mya)
** *Enhydrocyon stenocephalus* (29 Mya)
* Genus *Hesperocyon* (39.74–34 Mya)
** *Hesperocyon coloradensis*
** *Hesperocyon gregarius* (37 Mya)
* Genus *Mesocyon* (34–29 Mya)
** *Mesocyon brachyops* (29 Mya)
** *Mesocyon coryphaeus* (29 Mya)
** *Mesocyn temnodon*
* Genus *Osbornodon* (32–18 Mya)
** *Osbornodon brachypus*
** *Osbornodon fricki* (18 Mya)
** *Osbornodon iamonensis* (21 Mya)
** *Osbornodon renjiei* (33 Mya)
** *Osbornodon scitulus*
** *Osbornodon sesnoni* (32 Mya)
** *Osbornodon wangi*
* Genus *Paraenhydrocyon* (30–25 Mya)
** *Paraenhydrocyon josephi* (30 Mya)
** *Paraenhydrocyon robustus* (25 Mya)
* Genus *Philotrox* (29 Mya)
** *Philotrox condoni* (29 Mya)
* Genus *Prohesperocyon* (36 Mya)
** *Prohesperocyon wilsoni* (36 Mya)
* Genus *Sunkahetanka* (29 Mya)
** *Sunkahetanka geringensis'' (29 Mya)

## ഇവയും കാണുക

* Canid hybrid
* Free-ranging dog

## അവലംബം

## External links