ഗോൾഡൻ-വിംഗ്ഡ് വാർബ്ലർ

*** 'ഗോൾഡൻ-വിംഗ്ഡ് വാർബ്ലർ' ***  (Vermivora chrysoptera) ഒരു ന്യൂ വേൾഡ് വാർബ്ലർ ആണ്. തെക്ക്-കിഴക്ക്, തെക്ക്-മദ്ധ്യ കാനഡയിലും വടക്ക്കിഴക്കൻ  അപ്പാലാചിയൻ മൗണ്ടെയ്നും വടക്കു-മധ്യേ യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സിലും ഇത് പ്രജനനം നടത്തുന്നു. വിസ്കോൺസിൻ, മിനസോട്ട, മനിറ്റോബ എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിൽ ഭൂരിഭാഗം (~ 70%) ഗ്ലോബൽ പോപുലേഷൻ സങ്കരയിനങ്ങൾ കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. ഗോൾഡൻ-വിംഗ്ഡ് വാർബ്ലർ ജനസംഖ്യ ക്രമേണ വടക്കൻ മേഖലയിലേക്ക് വ്യാപിച്ചെങ്കിലും പക്ഷേ സാധാരണയായി അതിന്റെ പരിധിയിലുടനീളം കുറഞ്ഞുവരുന്നു, മിക്കപ്പോഴും ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥയുടെ നഷ്ടം, മത്സരം എന്നിവ ഇതിനു കാരണമായിത്തീരാറുണ്ട്. വളരെ അടുത്ത ബന്ധമുള്ള ബ്ലൂ-വിംഗ്ഡ് വാർബ്ലർ, * Vermivora cyanoptera* എന്നിവയും ആയി ഇവയ്ക്ക് സങ്കരയിനങ്ങളുണ്ടാകുന്നു. 

## ഉദ്ഭവം
ജീനസ് നാമം* വെർമിവോറ *, * ലാറ്റിനിൽ * * വെർമിസ് 'എന്നാൽ' *"worm *, * വൊറാരെ *എന്നാൽ * "to devour", എന്നുമാണ്. പുരാതന ഗ്രീക്കിൽ *chrysoptera*യിൽ  ഖ്രുസോസ്, എന്നാൽ  "സ്വർണ്ണം" പ്റ്റെറോൺ, എന്നാൽ  "ചിറകു" എന്നുമാണ്. 

## വിവരണം
### ലേഖനങ്ങൾ

* Andre JB. (1979). *The Golden-Winged Warbler Vermivora-Chrysoptera In Coastal Carolina USA A Recent Record And Comments On Its Fall Migration*. Chat. vol **43**, no 3.
* Bannon P. (1986). *Brewster's Warbler Vermivora-Chrysoptera X Vermivora-Pinus Backcross Breeding In Huntingdon County Quebec Canada*. Canadian Field Naturalist. vol **100**, no 1. pp.&nbsp;118–119.
* Boal CW, Sibley FC, Estabrook TS & Lazell J. (2006). *Insular and migrant species, longevity records, and new species records on Guana Island, British Virgin Islands*. Wilson Journal of Ornithology. vol **118**, no 2. pp.&nbsp;218–224.
* Carpentier AG. (1983). *Presumed Breeding Record Of Brewsters X Brewsters Warbler Vermivora-Chrysoptera-X-Vermivora-Pinus In Ontario Canada*. Canadian Field Naturalist. vol **97**, no 4. pp.&nbsp;458–459.
* Confer JL. (1992). *Vermivora chrysoptera: Golden-winged warbler*. Birds of North America. vol **0**, no 20. pp.&nbsp;1–15.
* Confer JL. (2006). *Secondary contact and introgression of golden-winged warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera): Documenting the mechanism*. Auk. vol **123**, no 4. pp.&nbsp;958–961.
* Confer JL & Knapp K. (1981). *Golden-Winged Warblers Vermivora-Chrysoptera And Blue-Winged Warblers Vermivora-Pinus The Relative Success Of A Habitat Specialist And A Generalist*. Auk. vol **98**, no 1. pp.&nbsp;108–114.
* Confer JL, Larkin JL & Allen PE. (2003). *Effects of vegetation, interspecific competition, and brood parasitism on Golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera) nesting success*. Auk. vol **120**, no 1. pp.&nbsp;138–144.
* Confer JL & Tupper SK. (2000). *A reassessment of the status of Golden-winged and Blue-winged Warblers in the Hudson Highlands of southern New York*. Wilson Bulletin. vol **112**, no 4. pp.&nbsp;544–546.
* Dabrowski A, Fraser R, Confer JL & Lovette IJ. (2005). *Geographic variability in mitochondrial introgression among hybridizing populations of Golden-winged (Vermivora chrysoptera) and Blue-winged (V-pinus) Warblers*. Conservation Genetics. vol **6**, no 5. pp.&nbsp;843–853.
* Doherty P. (1992). *Golden-winged warbler: New to the western Palearctic*. British Birds. vol **85**, no 11. pp.&nbsp;595–599.
* Ewert DN. (1981). *The Occurrence Of Closely Related Species Pairs In Central Michigan USA Willow Flycatchers Empidonax-Traillii And Alder Flycatchers Empidonax-Alnorum And Golden-Winged Warblers Vermivora-Chrysoptera And Blue-Winged Warblers Vermivora-Pinus*. Jack Pine Warbler. vol **59**, no 3. pp.&nbsp;95–98.
* Ferguson RS. (1981). *Summer Birds Of The Northwest Angle Provincial Forest And Adjacent Southeastern Manitoba Canada*. Syllogeus. vol **31**, pp.&nbsp;1–23.
* Gill FB. (1980). *Historical Aspects Of Hybridization Between Blue-Winged Warblers Vermivora-Pinus And Golden-Winged Warblers Vermivora-Chrysoptera*. Auk. vol **97**, no 1. pp.&nbsp;1–18.
* Gill FB. (1987). *Allozymes And Genetic Similarity Of Blue-Winged And Golden-Winged Warblers*. Auk. vol **104**, no 3. pp.&nbsp;444–449.
* Gill FB. (1992). *Golden-winged warbler Vermivora chrysoptera*. Brauning, D. vol **W**, p. Atlas of breeding birds in Pennsylvania.
* Gill FB. (1997). *Local cytonuclear extinction of the golden-winged warbler*. Evolution. vol **51**, no 2. pp.&nbsp;519–525.
* Gill FB. (2004) *BLUE-WINGED WARBLERS (VERMIVORA PINUS) VERSUS GOLDEN-WINGED WARBLERS (V. CHRYSOPTERA)*. The Auk. Vol **121**, no 4. p. 1014 (5 pages)
* Hamel P & Wright LM. (1979). *Lawrences Warbler Vermivora-Chrysoptera-X-Vermivora-Pinus At Francis-Beidler Forest 1st Sight Record For South-Carolina USA*. Chat. vol **43**, no 3. pp.&nbsp;66–67.
* Hanowski JM, Christian DP & Nelson MC. (1999). *Response of breeding birds to shearing and burning in wetland brush ecosystems*. Wetlands. vol **19**, no 3. pp.&nbsp;584–593.
* Highsmith RT. (1989). *The Singing Behavior Of Golden-Winged Warblers*. Wilson Bulletin. vol **101**, no 1. pp.&nbsp;36–50.
* Klaus NA. (2004). *Status of the golden-winged warbler in North Georgia, and a nesting record of the Lawrence's Warbler*. Oriole. vol **69**, no 1-2. pp.&nbsp;1–7.
* Klaus NA & Buehler DA. (2001). *Golden-winged Warbler breeding habitat characteristics and nest success in clearcuts in the southern appalachian mountains*. Wilson Bulletin. vol **113**, no 3. pp.&nbsp;297–301.
* Koonce AE. (2005). *The role of juvenile dispersal in the replacement of golden-winged warblers by blue-winged warblers*. Natural Resource Modeling. vol **18**, no 4. pp.&nbsp;537–547.
* Lacki MJ. (2000). *Surveys of bird communities on Little Black and Black mountains: Implications for long-term conservation of Montane birds in Kentucky*. Journal of the Kentucky Academy of Science. vol **61**, no 1. pp.&nbsp;50–59.
* Leichty ER & Grier JW. (2006). *Importance of facial pattern to sexual selection in golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera)*. Auk. vol **123**, no 4. pp.&nbsp;962–966.
* Rayner WJ. (1988). *Male Golden-Winged Warbler Attends Blue-Winged Warbler Nest*. Ontario Birds. vol **6**, no 3. pp.&nbsp;106–107.
* Rich T. (1981). *The Golden-Winged Warbler Vermivora-Chrysoptera New-Record In Idaho USA*. Western Birds. vol **12**, no 1.
* Rossell CR, Jr. (2001). *Song perch characteristics of Golden-winged Warblers in a mountain wetland*. Wilson Bulletin. vol **113**, no 2. pp.&nbsp;246–248.
* Rossell CR, Jr., Patch SC & Wilds SP. (2003). *Attributes of golden-winged warbler territories in a mountain wetland*. Wildlife Society Bulletin. vol **31**, no 4. pp.&nbsp;1099–1104.
* Roth AM & Lutz S. (2004). *Relationship between territorial male Golden-winged Warblers in managed aspen stands in northern Wisconsin, USA*. Forest Science. vol **50**, no 2. pp.&nbsp;153–161.
* Shadick S. (1986). *Golden-Winged Warbler At Duck Mountain Saskatchewan Canada*. Blue Jay. vol **44**, no 4. pp.&nbsp;245–246.
* Shapiro LH, Canterbury RA, Stover DM & Fleischer RC. (2004). *Reciprocal introgression between Golden-Winged Warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera) and Blue-Winged Warblers (V. pinus) in eastern North America*. Auk. vol **121**, no 4. pp.&nbsp;1019–1030.
* Stenzler LM, Fraser R & Lovette IJ. (2004). *Isolation and characterization of 12 microsatellite loci from Golden-winged Warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera) with broad cross-taxon utility in emberizine songbirds*. Molecular Ecology Notes. vol **4**, no 4. pp.&nbsp;602–604.
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## കൂടുതൽ വായനയ്ക്ക്
### Books

* Confer, John L. 1992. *Golden-winged Warbler*. In *The Birds of North America*, No. 20 (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, Eds.). Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences; Washington, DC: The American Ornithologists’ Union.

### പ്രബന്ധം

* Demmons TD. M.Sc. (2000). *Nest site selection and nest predation patterns at forest-field edges*. Queen's University at Kingston (Canada), Canada.
* Hamel PB. Ph.D. (1981). *A HIERARCHICAL APPROACH TO AVIAN COMMUNITY STRUCTURE*. Clemson University, United States, South Carolina.
* Highsmith RT. Ph.D. (1989). *Function, form, and recognition of the songs of golden-winged warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera) and blue-winged (V. pinus) warblers*. University of Massachusetts Amherst, United States, Massachusetts.
* Will TC. Ph.D. (1986). *THE BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY OF SPECIES REPLACEMENT: BLUE-WINGED AND GOLDEN-WINGED WARBLERS IN MICHIGAN*. University of Michigan, United States, Michigan.
## അവലംബം

## ബാഹ്യ ലിങ്കുകൾ

*Golden-winged warbler - ''Vermivora chrysoptera''  - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
*Golden-winged warbler species account - Cornell Lab of Ornithology
* 
* 

വർഗ്ഗം:വടക്കുകിഴക്കൻ അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകളിലെ പക്ഷികൾ
വർഗ്ഗം:പക്ഷികൾ