മഗ്നോലിയ

മഗ്നോളിയേൽസ് നിരയിൽപ്പെട്ടതും 210 സ്പീഷീസുകളുള്ള മഗ്നോളിയേസീ കുടുംബത്തിലും ഉൾപ്പെട്ട സപുഷ്പികളുടെ ഒരു വലിയ ജീനസാണ് **മഗ്നോലിയ**. ഫ്രഞ്ച് സസ്യശാസ്ത്രജ്ഞനായ പിയറി മാഗ്നോളിന്റെ പേരിലാണ് ഈ ജനുസ് അറിയപ്പെടുന്നത്. വണ്ടുകൾ വഴിയാണ് പൂക്കളിൽ പരാഗണം നടക്കുന്നത്. വണ്ടുകൾ പരാഗണം നടത്തുമ്പോൾ പൂക്കളുടെ കാർപെലുകൾക്ക് നാശം സംഭവിക്കാതെയിരിക്കാൻ  **മാഗ്നൊലിയ** പൂവുകളുടെ കാർപെലുകൾ  വളരെ പരുക്കനാണ്.

ഉപവിഭാഗത്തിന്റെ ഘടന താഴെ പറയുന്നു:
* Subgenus *Magnolia* (8 sections)
** *Magnolia*
** *Gwillimia* (2 subsections)
*** *Gwillimia*
*** *Blumiana*
** *Talauma* (3 subsections)
*** *Talauma*
*** *Dugandiodendron*
*** *Cubenses*
** *Manglietia* 
** *Kmeria*
** *Rhytidospermum* (2 subsections)
*** *Rhytidospermum*
*** *Oyama*
** *Auriculata*
** *Macrophylla*
* Subgenus *Yulania* (2 sections)
** *Yulania* (2 subsections)
*** *Yulania*
*** *Tulipastrum* 
** *Michelia* (4 subsections)
*** *Michelia*
*** *Elmerrillia*
*** *Maingola*
*** *Aromadendron*
* Subgenus *Gynopodium* (2 sections)
** *Gynopodium*
** *Manglietiastrum*

#### ഉപജീനസ് '' മഗ്നോലിയ ''
പുഷ്പത്തിന്റെ മധ്യഭാഗത്ത് മുൻവശത്തേയ്ക്ക് കാഴ്ച ലഭിക്കുന്നവിധത്തിൽ രണ്ടായി പിളർന്ന തുറന്ന കേസരങ്ങൾ കാണുന്നു. ഇലപൊഴിക്കുന്ന അല്ലെങ്കിൽ നിത്യഹരിത, സസ്യങ്ങളിൽ ഇലകൾ കൊഴിഞ്ഞതിനുശേഷം പൂക്കൾ ഉണ്ടാകുന്നു.

##### വിഭാഗം''മഗ്നോലിയ ''
* *[[Magnolia grandiflora]]* L. - (SE US)
* *[[Magnolia guatemalensis]]* Donn. Sm. - (GUATEMALA, HONDURAS, EL SALVADOR)
** *Magnolia guatemalensis* ssp. *guatemalensis*  (GUATEMALA)
** *Magnolia guatemalensis* ssp. *hondurensis* (Molina) Vazquez (HONDURAS, EL SALVADOR)
* *[[Magnolia iltisiana]]* Vazquez  (W MEXICO)
* *[[Magnolia pacifica]]* Vazquez  (W MEXICO)
** *Magnolia pacifica* ssp. *pacifica*  (W MEXICO)
** *Magnolia pacifica* ssp. *pugana* Iltis & Vazquez  (W MEXICO)
** *Magnolia pacifica* ssp. *tarahumara* Vazquez  (W MEXICO)
* *[[Magnolia panamensis]]* Vazquez & Iltis  (PANAMA)
* *[[Magnolia poasana]]* (Pittier) Dandy  (COSTA RICA, PANAMA)
* *[[Magnolia schiedeana]]* Schltdl.  (E MEXICO)
* *[[Magnolia sharpii]]* Meranda  (CHIAPAS MEXICO)
* *[[Magnolia sororum]]* Seibert  (COSTA RICA, PANAMA)
** *Magnolia sororum* ssp. *lutea* Vazquez . (COSTA RICA, PANAMA)
** *Magnolia sororum* ssp. *sororum*  (PANAMA)
* *[[Magnolia tamaulipana]]* Vazquez - Mexican evergreen magnolia (NE MEXICO)
* *[[Magnolia virginiana]]* L. (SE US)
* *[[Magnolia yoroconte]]* Dandy  (GUATEMALA, HONDURAS, BELIZE)

##### വിഭാഗം''ഗ്വിലിയാമിയ''

###### ഉപവിഭാഗം '' ഗ്വിലിയാമിയ ''
* *[[Magnolia albosericea]]* Chun & Tsoong. (HAINAN (CHINA))
* *[[Magnolia championii]]* Benth  (S & SE CHINA)
* *[[Magnolia coco]]* (Lour.) DC. (SE CHINA)
* *[[Magnolia delavayi]]* Franchet  (YUNNAN (CHINA))
* *[[Magnolia fistulosa]]* (Finet & Gagnep.) Dandy  (SE YUNNAN (CHINA))
* *[[Magnolia henryi]]* Dunn  (YUNNAN (CHINA))
* *[[Magnolia nana]]* Dandy  (VIETNAM)
* *[[Magnolia odoratissima]]* Law et Zhou  (S CHINA)
* *[[Magnolia pterocarpa]]* Roxb.  (NEPAL, BURMA)

###### ഉപവിഭാഗം ''ബ്ലുമിയാന''
* *[[Magnolia gigantifolia]]* (Miq.) Noot.  (BORNEO, SUMATRA)
* *[[Magnolia hodgsonii]]* (Hook.f. & Thom.) H.Keng  (NEPAL, BURMA)
* *[[Magnolia lasia]]* Noot.  (BORNEO)
* *[[Magnolia liliifera]]* (L.) Baillon  (SE ASIA, BORNEO, PHILIPPINES, SINGAPORE, SUMATRA)
** *Magnolia liliifera* var. *angatensis* (Blanco) Noot.  (PHILIPPINES)
** *Magnolia liliifera* var. *beccarii* (Ridley) Noot.  (BORNEO)
** *Magnolia liliifera* var. *liliifera*  (SE ASIA)
** *Magnolia liliifera* var. *obovata* (Korth.) Govaerts  (BORNEO)
** *Magnolia liliifera* var. *singapurensis* (Ridley) Noot.  (SINGAPORE, SUMATRA)
* *[[Magnolia mariusjacobsia]]* Noot.  (BORNEO)
* *[[Magnolia persuaveolens]]* Dandy  (BORNEO)
** *Magnolia persuaveolens* ssp. *persuaveolens*  (BORNEO)
** *Magnolia persuaveolens* ssp. *rigida* Noot.  (BORNEO)
* *[[Magnolia sarawakensis]]* (Agostini) Noot.  (BORNEO)
* *[[Magnolia villosa]]* (Miq.) H.Keng  (SUMATRA, BORNEO)

##### വിഭാഗം''തലൌമ''
###### ഉപവിഭാഗം ''തലൌമ''
* *[[Magnolia allenii]]* Standl. (PANAMA)
* *[[Magnolia amazonica]]* (Ducke) Govaerts  (BRAZIL, PERU)
* *[[Magnolia arcabucoana]]* (Lozano) Govaerts  (COLOMBIA)
* *[[Magnolia bankardiorum]]*  M.O.Dillon & Sánchez Vega  (PERU)
* *[[Magnolia boliviana]]* (M.Nee) Govaerts  (BOLIVIA)
* *[[Magnolia caricifragrans]]* (Lozano) Govaerts  (COLOMBIA)
* *[[Magnolia cespedesii]]* (Triana & Planch) Govaerts  (COLOMBIA)
* *[[Magnolia chocoensis]]* (Lozano) Govaerts  (COLOMBIA)
* *[[Magnolia dixonii]]* (Little) Govaerts  (ECUADOR)
* *[[Magnolia dodecapetala]]* (Lam.) Govaerts  (LESSER ANTILLES)
* *[[Magnolia espinalii]]* (Lozano) Govaerts  (COLOMBIA)
* *[[Magnolia georgii]]* (Lozano) Govaerts  (COLOMBIA)
* *[[Magnolia gilbertoi]]* (Lozano) Govaerts  (COLOMBIA)
* *[[Magnolia gloriensis]]* (Pittier) Govaerts  (CENTRAL AMERICA)
* *[[Magnolia hernandezii]]* (Lozano) Govaerts  (COLOMBIA)
* *[[Magnolia irwiniana]]* (Lozano) Govaerts  (BRAZIL)
* *[[Magnolia jardinensis]]* M.Serna, C.Velásquez & Cogollo (COLOMBIA)
* *[[Magnolia katiorum]]* (Lozano) Govaerts  (COLOMBIA)
* *[[Magnolia lacandonica]]* Vazquez-Garcia, Perez-Farrera, Martinez-Camilo, Muniz-Castro & Martinez-Melendez  (MEXICO)
* *[[Magnolia manguillo]]* Marcelo-Peña & F. Arroyo  (PERU)
* *[[Magnolia mexicana]]* DC.  (MEXICO)
* *[[Magnolia minor]]* (Urb.) Govaerts  (CUBA)
* *[[Magnolia morii]]* (Lozano) Govaerts  (PANAMA)
* *[[Magnolia narinensis]]* (Lozano) Govaerts  (COLOMBIA)
* *[[Magnolia neillii]]* (Lozano) Govaerts  (ECUADOR)
* *[[Magnolia ovata]]* (A.St.-Hil.) Spreng.  (BRAZIL)
* *[[Magnolia polyhypsophylla]]* (Lozano) Govaerts  (COLOMBIA)
* *[[Magnolia quetzal]]* Vazquez-Garcia, Veliz-Perez, Triboullier-Navas & Muniz-Castro  (GUATEMALA)
* *[[Magnolia rimachii]]* (Lozano) Govaerts  (PERU, ECUADOR)
* *[[Magnolia sambuensis]]* (Pittier) Govaerts  (PANAMA, COLOMBIA)
* *[[Magnolia santanderiana]]* (Lozano) Govaerts  (COLOMBIA)
* *[[Magnolia sellowiana]]* (A.St.-Hil.) Govaerts  (BRAZIL)
* *[[Magnolia silvioi]]* (Lozano) Govaerts  (COLOMBIA)
* *[[Magnolia venezuelensis]]* (Lozano) Govaerts  (VENEZUELA)
* *[[Magnolia virolinensis]]* (Lozano) Govaerts (COLOMBIA)
* *[[Magnolia wolfii]]* (Lozano) Govaerts  (COLOMBIA)

###### ഉപവിഭാഗം ഡുഗൻഡിയോഡെൻട്രോൺ
* *[[Magnolia argyrothricha]]* (Lozano) Govaerts  (COLOMBIA)
* *[[Magnolia calimaensis]]* (Lozano) Govaerts  (COLOMBIA)
* *[[Magnolia calophylla]]* (Lozano) Govaerts  (COLOMBIA)
* *[[Magnolia cararensis]]* (Lozano) Govaerts  (COLOMBIA)
* *[[Magnolia chimantensis]]* Steyermark & Maguire - Chimanta magnolia (VENEZUELA)
* *[[Magnolia colombiana]]* (Little) Govaerts  (COLOMBIA)
* *[[Magnolia guatapensis]]* (Lozano) Govaerts  (COLOMBIA)
* *[[Magnolia jaenensis]]* Marcelo-Peña  (PERU)
* *[[Magnolia lenticellata]]* (Lozano) Govaerts  (COLOMBIA)
* *[[Magnolia magnifolia]]* (Lozano) Govaerts  (COLOMBIA)
* *[[Magnolia mahechae]]* (Lozano) Govaerts  (COLOMBIA)
* *[[Magnolia ptaritepuiana]]* Steyermark - *ptari-tepui* magnolia (VENEZUELA)
* *[[Magnolia striatifolia]]* Little  (COLOMBIA, ECUADOR)
* *[[Magnolia urraoense]]* (Lozano) Govaerts  (COLOMBIA)
* *[[Magnolia yarumalense]]* (Lozano) Govaerts  (COLOMBIA)

###### സബ്സെക്ഷൻ '' ക്യുബൻസ് ''
* *[[Magnolia cacuminoides]]* Bisse  (CUBA)
* *[[Magnolia cristalensis]]* Bisse  (CUBA)
* *[[Magnolia cubensis]]* Urb. (CUBA)
* *[[Magnolia domingensis]]* Urb. (HAITI, DOM. REP.)
* *[[Magnolia ekmannii]]* Urb.  (HAITI)
* *[[Magnolia emarginata]]* Urb. & Ekman  (HAITI)
* *[[Magnolia hamorii]]* Howard  (DOM. REP.)
* *[[Magnolia pallescens]]* Urb. & Ekman  (DOM. REP.)
* *[[Magnolia portoricensis]]* Bello  (PUERTO RICO)
* *[[Magnolia splendens]]* Urban  (PUERTO RICO)

##### സെക്ഷൻ '' മംഗ്ലീഷ്യ ''
* *[[Magnolia aromatica]]* (Dandy) V.S.Kumar  (S CHINA)
* *[[Magnolia blaoensis]]* (Gagnep.) Dandy  (VIETNAM)
* *[[Magnolia blumei]]* Prantl  (SUMATRA, JAVA)
** *Magnolia blumei* var. *blumei*  (SUMATRA, JAVA)
** *Magnolia blumei* var. *sumatrana* (Miq.) Figlar & Noot.  (W SUMATRA)
* *[[Magnolia calophylloides]]* Figlar & Noot.  (W SUMATRA)
* *[[Magnolia caveana]]* (Hook.f. & Thoms.) D.C.Raju & M.P.Nayer  (ASSAM, N BURMA)
* *[[Magnolia chevalieri]]* (Dandy) V.S.Kumar  (VIETNAM, LAOS)
* *[[Magnolia conifera]]* (Dandy) V.S.Kumar  (SE CHINA, VIETNAM)
** *Magnolia conifera* var. *chingii* (Dandy) V.S.Kumar  (SE CHINA)
** *Magnolia conifera* var. *conifera*  (SE CHINA, VIETNAM)
* *[[Magnolia crassipes]]* (Y.W.Law) V.S.Kumar  (GUANGDONG (CHINA))
* *[[Magnolia dandyi]]* (Gapnep.) Dandy  (S CHINA, VIETNAM, LAOS)
* *[[Magnolia decidua]]* (Q.Y.Zheng) V.S.Kumar  (JIANGXI (CHINA))
* *[[Magnolia dolichogyna]]* (Dandy ex Noot.) Figlar & Noot.  (BORNEO, MALAY PENIN.)
* *[[Magnolia duclouxii]]* Finet & Gagnep.  (VIETNAM, SW CHINA)
* *[[Magnolia figlarii]]* V.S.Kumar  (SICHUAN (CHINA))
* *[[Magnolia fordiana]]* (Oliv.) Hu  (VIETNAM, S CHINA)
** *Magnolia fordiana* var. *calcarea* (X.H.Song) Chen & Noot. (GUIZHOU (CHINA))
** *Magnolia fordiana* var. *fordiana*  (VIETNAM, S CHINA)
** *Magnolia fordiana* var. *forrestii* (W.W.Sm. Ex Dandy) Chen & Noot.  (SW CHINA)
** *Magnolia fordiana* var. *kwangtungensis* (Merr.) Chen & Noot.  (SE CHINA)
* *[[Magnolia garrettii]]* (Craib) V.S.Kumar  (SW CHINA, VIETNAM, THAILAND)
* *[[Magnolia grandis]]* (Hu & W.C.Cheng) V.S.Kumar  (YUNNAN (CHINA))
* *[[Magnolia hookeri]]* Cubitt & W.W.Sm.  (SW CHINA, N BURMA, THAILAND)
* *[[Magnolia insignis]]* (Wall.) Blume (S CHINA, NEPAL, BURMA)
* *[[Magnolia lanuginosoides]]* Figlar & Noot. (SUMATRA)
* *[[Magnolia lucida]]* (B.L.Chen & S.C.Yang) V.S.Kumar (SW CHINA)
* *[[Magnolia megaphylla]]* (Hu & W.C.Cheng) V.S.Kumar (YUNNAN (CHINA))
* *[[Magnolia moto]]* (Dandy) V.S.Kumar (SE CHINA)
* *[[Magnolia obovalifolia]]* (C.Y.Yu & Law) V.S.Kumar (YUNNAN (CHINA))
* *[[Magnolia ovoidea]]* (H.T.Chang & B.L.Chen) V.S.Kumar (YUNNAN (CHINA))
* *[[Magnolia phuthoensis]]* (Dandy ex Gapnep.) V.S.Kumar (VIETNAM)
* *[[Magnolia rufibarbata]]* (Dandy) V.S.Kumar (VIETNAM)
* *[[Magnolia sabahensis]]* (Dandy ex Noot.) Figlar & Noot. (BORNEO)
* *[[Magnolia tibetica]]* V.S.Kumar (TIBET)
* *[[Magnolia utilis]]* (Dandy) V.S.Kumar  (N BURMA, THAILAND)
* *[[Magnolia ventii]]* (N.V.Tiep) V.S.Kumar  (YUNNAN (CHINA))
* *[[Magnolia yuyuanensis]]* (Y.W.Law) V.S.Kumar (E CHINA)

##### സെക്ഷൻ '' കെമെരിയ ''
* *[[Magnolia duperreana]]* Pierre  (VIETNAM, CAMBODIA)
* *[[Magnolia kwangsiensis]]* Figlar & Noot.  (YUNNAN, GUANGXI (CHINA))
* *[[Magnolia thailandica]]* Noot. & Chalermglin  (THAILAND)

##### വിഭാഗം '' Rhytidospermum ''

###### ഉപവിഭാഗം '' Rhytidospermum ''
* *[[Magnolia obovata]]* Thunb.  (JAPAN)
* *[[Magnolia officinalis]]* Rehd. & Wilson  (W CHINA)
** *Magnolia officinalis* ssp. *biloba* Cheng & Law  (E CHINA)
** *Magnolia officinalis* ssp. *officinalis*  (E CHINA)
* *[[Magnolia rostrata]]* W.W.Smith  (SW CHINA)
* *[[Magnolia tripetala]]* (L.) L.  (SE US)

###### സബ്സെക്ഷൻ '' ഒയമ ''
* *[[Magnolia globosa]]* Hook.f. & Thoms.  (NEPAL, BURMA)
* *[[Magnolia sieboldii]]* K.Koch  (KOREA, E CHINA, JAPAN)
** *Magnolia sieboldii* ssp. *japonica* K.Ueda  (JAPAN, CENTRAL CHINA)
** *Magnolia sieboldii* ssp. *sieboldii*  (JAPAN)
** *Magnolia sieboldii* ssp. *sinensis* (Rehd. & Wilson) Spongberg  (CENTRAL CHINA)
* *[[Magnolia wilsonii]]* (Finet. & Gagnep.) Rehd. - Wilson's magnolia (SW CHINA)

##### സെക്ഷൻ '' ആരുക്കുലേറ്റ ''
* *[[Magnolia fraseri]]* Walt. - Fraser magnolia or ear-leaved magnolia (SE US)
** *Magnolia fraseri* var. *fraseri* - Fraser magnolia or ear-leaved magnolia  (SE US)
** *Magnolia fraseri* var. *pyramidata* (Bartram) Pampanini - pyramid magnolia (SE US)

##### വിഭാഗം '' മാക്രോഫില്ല ''
* *[[Magnolia macrophylla]]* Michx.  (SE US, E MEXICO)
** *Magnolia macrophylla* var. *ashei* (Weatherby) D.Johnson  (SE US)
** *Magnolia macrophylla* var. *dealbata* (Zuccarini) D.Johnson  (E MEXICO)
** *Magnolia macrophylla* var. *macrophylla*  (SE US)

#### ഉപജെനസ് '' യൂലാനിയ ''
Anthers open by splitting at the sides, deciduous, flowers mostly produced before leaves (except *M. acuminata*)

##### വിഭാഗം '' യൂലാനിയ ''

###### സബ്സെക്ഷൻ '' യൂലാനിയ ''
* *[[Magnolia amoena]]* W.C.Cheng  (E CHINA)
* *[[Magnolia biondii]]* Pampan  (E CHINA)
* *[[Magnolia campbellii]]* Hook.f. & Thomson  (W CHINA, HIMALAYAS, INDIA, NEPAL, ASSAM)
** *Magnolia campbellii* var. *alba* Treseder  (HIMALAYAS)
** *Magnolia campbellii* var. *campbellii* . (HIMALAYAS)
** *Magnolia campbellii* var. *mollicomata* (W.W.Smith) F.Kingdon-Ward  (W CHINA, HIMALAYAS)
* *[[Magnolia cylindrica]]* Wilson  (E CHINA)
* *[[Magnolia dawsoniana]]* Rehd. & Wilson  (SICHUAN (CHINA))
* *[[Magnolia denudata]]* Desr.  (E CHINA)
* *[[Magnolia kobus]]* DC.  (JAPAN, KOREA)
* *[[Magnolia liliiflora]]* Desr.  (C CHINA)
* *[[Magnolia salicifolia]]* (Sieb. & Zucc.) Maxim.  (JAPAN)
* *[[Magnolia sargentiana]]* Rehd. & Wilson  (W CHINA)
** *Magnolia sargentiana* var. *robusta* Rehd. & Wilson  (SICHUAN (CHINA))
** *Magnolia sargentiana* var. *sargentiana*  (W CHINA)
* *[[Magnolia sprengeri]]* Pampan  (SICHUAN (CHINA))
** *Magnolia sprengeri* var. *elongata* (Rehd. & Wilson) Johnstone  (SICHUAN (CHINA))
** *Magnolia sprengeri* var. *sprengeri*  (SICHUAN (CHINA))
* *[[Magnolia stellata]]* (Sieb. & Zucc.) Maxim.  (JAPAN)
* *[[Magnolia × soulangeana]]* Thiéb.-Bern.  (HYBRID ORIGIN)
* *[[Magnolia zenii]]* Cheng  (E CHINA)
* *[[Magnolia loebneri]]* Paul Kache  (JAPAN)

###### സബ്സെക്ഷൻ '' തുലിപസ്ത്രം ''
* *[[Magnolia acuminata]]* (L.) L.  (E NORTH AMERICA)
** *Magnolia acuminata* var. *acuminata*   (E NORTH AMERICA)
** *Magnolia acuminata* var. *subcordata* (Spach) Dandy  (SE US)

##### വിഭാഗം ''മെഷലിയ''

###### സബ്സെക്ഷൻ ''മെഷലിയ''
* ''Magnolia'' × ''alba'' (DC.) Figlar & Noot.  (HYBRID ORIGIN)
* *[[Magnolia angustioblonga]]* (Law & Wu) Figlar  (SW CHINA)
* *[[Magnolia baillonii]]* Pierre  (SW CHINA, VIETNAM)
* *[[Magnolia balansae]]* A.DC.  (S CHINA, VIETNAM)
* *[[Magnolia banghamii]]* (Noot.) Figlar & Noot. (MALAYSIA, SUMATRA)
* *[[Magnolia braianensis]]* (Gagnep.) Figlar  (VIETNAM)
* *[[Magnolia cavaleriei]]* (Finet & Gagnep.) Figlar  (S CHINA)
* *[[Magnolia champaca]]* (L.) Baillon ex Pierre  (S INDIA, LESSER SUNDA IS., JAVA, MALAY PENIN.)
** *Magnolia champaca* var. *champaca*  (S INDIA, LESSER SUNDA IS.)
** *Magnolia champaca* var. *pubinervia* (Blume) Figlar & Noot.  (JAVA, MALAY PENIN.)
* *[[Magnolia chapensis]]* (Dandy) Sima (S CHINA, N VIETNAM)
* *[[Magnolia compressa]]* Maxim.  (JAPAN, SW CHINA)
* *[[Magnolia coriacea]]* (H.T.Chang & B.L.Chen) Figlar  (SE YUNNAN (CHINA))
* *[[Magnolia dianica]]* Sima & Figlar  (SW CHINA)
* *[[Magnolia doltsopa]]* (Buch.-Ham. Ex DC.) Figlar  (SW CHINA, HIMALAYAS)
* *[[Magnolia elliptilimba]]* (B.L.Chen & Noot.) Figlar  (YUNNAN (CHINA))
* *[[Magnolia ernestii]]* Figlar . (SICHUAN (CHINA))
** *Magnolia ernestii* ssp. *ernestii* (SICHUAN (CHINA))
** *Magnolia ernestii* ssp. *szechuanica* (Dandy) Sima & Figlar  (SICHUAN (CHINA))
* *[[Magnolia figo]]* (Lour.) DC.  (SE CHINA)
** *Magnolia figo* var. *crassipes* (Law) Figlar & Noot.  (SE CHINA)
** *Magnolia figo* var. *figo* . (SE CHINA)
** *Magnolia figo* var. *skinneriana* ined.  (SE CHINA)
* *[[Magnolia flaviflora]]* (Law & Wu) Figlar  (VIETNAM, SW CHINA)
* *[[Magnolia floribunda]]* (Finet & Gagnep.) Figlar . (S CHINA, VIETNAM)
* *[[Magnolia foveolata]]* (Merr. Ex Dandy) Figlar  (S CHINA, VIETNAM)
* *[[Magnolia fujianensis]]* (Q.F.Zheng) Figlar  (SE CHINA)
* *[[Magnolia fulva]]* (H.T.Chang & B.L.Chen) Figlar  (YUNNAN (CHINA), VIET.?)
** *Magnolia fulva* var. *calcicola* Sima & Yu  (YUNNAN (CHINA))
** *Magnolia fulva* var. *fulva* . (YUNNAN (CHINA))
* *[[Magnolia guangxiensis]]* (Law & R.Z.Zhou) Sima  (GUANGXI (CHINA))
* *[[Magnolia hypolampra]]* (Dandy) Figlar  (S CHINA, VIETNAM)
* *[[Magnolia ingrata]]* (B.L.Chen & S.C.Lang) Figlar  (YUNNAN (CHINA))
* *[[Magnolia jiangxiensis]]* (H.T.Chang & B.L.Chen) Figlar  (JIANGXI (CHINA))
* *[[Magnolia kingii]]* (Dandy) Figlar  (BANGLADESH, ASSAM)
* *[[Magnolia kisopa]]* (Bush.-Ham. ex DC.) Figlar  (VIETNAM, NEPAL)
* *[[Magnolia koordersiana]]* (Noot.) Figlar  (MALAYSIA, W SUMATRA)
* *[[Magnolia lacei]]* (W.W.Smith) Figlar  (SW CHINA, VIETNAM)
* *[[Magnolia lanuginosa]]* (Wall.) Figlar & Noot.  (YUNNAN (CHINA), NEPAL)
* *[[Magnolia leveilleana]]* (Dandy) Figlar  (SW CHINA)
* *[[Magnolia macclurei]]* (Dandy) Figlar  (S CHINA, N VIETNAM)
** *Magnolia macclurei* var. *macclurei* . (S CHINA, N VIETNAM)
** *Magnolia macclurei* var. *sublanea* Dandy  (GUANGDONG (CHINA))
* *[[Magnolia mannii]]* (King) King  (ASSAM)
* *[[Magnolia martinii]]* H.Lev.  (SE CHINA, VIETNAM)
* *[[Magnolia masticata]]* (Dandy) Figlar  (YUNNAN (CHINA), LAOS)
* *[[Magnolia maudiae]]* (Dunn) Figlar  (SE CHINA, HAINAN IS.)
** *Magnolia maudiae* var. *hunanensis* (C.L.Peng & L.H.Yan) Sima  (HUNAN (CHINA))
** *Magnolia maudiae* var. *maudiae*  (SE CHINA, HAINAN IS.)
** *Magnolia maudiae* var. *platypetala* (Hand.-Mazz.) Sima  (S-CENTRAL CHINA)
* *[[Magnolia mediocris]]* (Dandy) Figlar (S CHINA, VIETNAM)
* *[[Magnolia microcarpa]]* (B.L.Chen & S.C.Yang) Sima  (S CHINA)
* *[[Magnolia microtricha]]* (Hand.-Mazz.) Figlar. (YUNNAN (CHINA))
* *[[Magnolia montana]]* (Blume) Figlar & Noot.  (MALAYSIA to BORNEO)
* *[[Magnolia nilagirica]]* (Zenker) Figlar  (S INDIA, SRI LANKA)
* *[[Magnolia oblonga]]* (Wall. Ex Hook.f. & Thomson) Figlar . (ASSAM)
* *[[Magnolia odora]]* (Chun) Figlar & Noot.  (SE CHINA, N VIETNAM)
* *[[Magnolia opipara]]* (H.T.Chang & B.L.Chen) Sima  (YUNNAN (CHINA))
* *[[Magnolia philippinensis]]* P.Pharm  (PHILIPPINES)
* *[[Magnolia punduana]]* (Hook.f. & Thoms.) Figlar  (ASSAM)
* *[[Magnolia rajaniana]]* (Craib.) Figlar . (THAILAND)
* *[[Magnolia scortechinii]]* (King) Figlar & Noot.  (MALAY PENIN., W SUMATRA)
* *[[Magnolia shiluensis]]* (Chun & Y.F.Wu) Figlar  (HAINAN IS.)
* *[[Magnolia sirindhorniae]]* Noot. & Chalermglin  (THAILAND)
* *[[Magnolia sphaerantha]]* (C.Y.Wu ex Z.S.Yue) Sima  (SW CHINA)
**[[Magnolia subulifera]]* (Dandy) Figlar  (VIETNAM)
* *[[Magnolia sumatrae]]* (Dandy) Figlar & Noot.  (MALAYSIA, SUMATRA)
* *[[Magnolia xanthantha]]* (C.Y.Wu ex Law & Y.F.Wu) Figlar  (YUNNAN (CHINA))

###### സബ്സെക്ഷൻ ''എൽമെറില്ലിയ''
* *[[Magnolia platyphylla]]* (Merr.) Figlar & Noot.  (PHILIPPINES)
* *[[Magnolia pubescens]]* (Merr.) Figlar & Noot.  (PHILIPPINES)
* *[[Magnolia sulawesiana]]* Brambach, Noot. & Culmsee  (SULAWESI)
* *[[Magnolia tsiampacca]]* (L.) Figlar & Noot. (SUMATRA, BORNEO, SULAWESI, MOLUCCAS, NEW GUINEA, BISMARCK ARCHIPELAGO)
** *Magnolia tsiampacca* ssp. *mollis* (Dandy) Figlar & Noot.  (SUMATRA, BORNEO)
** *Magnolia tsiampacca* ssp. *tsiampacca*  (SULAWESI, MOLUCCAS, NEW GUINEA, BISMARCK ARCHIPELAGO)
*** *Magnolia tsiampacca* ssp. *tsiampacca* var. *glaberrima* (Dandy) Figlar & Noot.  (NEW GUINEA)
*** *Magnolia tsiampacca* ssp. *tsiampacca* var. *tsiampacca*  (SULAWESI, MOLUCCAS, NEW GUINEA, BISMARCK ARCHIPELAGO)
* *[[Magnolia vrieseana]]* (Miq.) Baill. ex Pierre  (SULAWESI, MOLUCCAS)

###### സബ്സെക്ഷൻ ''മെയിൻഗോല''
* *[[Magnolia annamensis]]* Dandy (VIETNAM)
* *[[Magnolia carsonii]]* Dandy ex Noot.  (BORNEO, CELEBES)
** *Magnolia carsonii* var. *carsonii* (BORNEO)
** *Magnolia carsonii* var. *drymifolia* Noot.  (BORNEO)
** *Magnolia carsonii* var. *phaulanta* (Dandy ex Noot.) S.Kim  (CELEBES)
* *[[Magnolia cathcartii]]* (Hook.f. & Thoms.) Noot.  (SW CHINA, BURMA)
* *[[Magnolia griffithii]]* King  (INDIA, ASSAM)
* *[[Magnolia gustavii]]* King  (INDIA, ASSAM)
* *[[Magnolia macklottii]]* (Korth.) Dandy  (W JAVA, BORNEO, SUMATRA)
** *Magnolia macklottii* var. *beccariana* (Agostini) Noot.  (SUMATRA)
** *Magnolia macklottii* var. *macklottii*  (W JAVA, BORNEO)
* *[[Magnolia pealiana]]* King  (ASSAM)

###### സബ്സെക്ഷൻ ''ആരൊമഡെഡ്രോൺ''
* *[[Magnolia ashtonii]]* Dandy ex. Noot.  (SUMATRA, BORNEO)
* *[[Magnolia bintuluensis]]* (Agostini) Noot.  (SUMATRA, BORNEO)
* *[[Magnolia borneensis]]* Noot.  (BORNEO, PHILIPPINES)
* *[[Magnolia elegans]]* (Blume) Keng  (SUMATRA, JAVA)
* *[[Magnolia pahangensis]]* Noot.  (BORNEO, PHILIPPINES)

#### സബ്ജീനസ് ''ഗൈനോപോഡിയം''

##### വിഭാഗം''ഗൈനോപോഡിയം''
* *[[Magnolia kachirachirai]]* (Kanehira & Yamamoto) Dandy  (TAIWAN)
* *[[Magnolia lotungensis]]* Chun & Tsoon  (S CHINA)
* *[[Magnolia nitida]]* W.W.Smith  (NW YUNNAN (CHINA))
* *[[Magnolia omeiensis]]* (Hu & Cheng) Dandy  (SICHUAN (CHINA))
* *[[Magnolia yunnanensis]]* (Hu) Noot. . (SE YUNNAN (CHINA))

##### വിഭാഗം''Manglietiastrum''
* *[[Magnolia pleiocarpa]]* (Dandy) Figlar & Noot.  (ASSAM)
* *[[Magnolia praecalva]]* (Dandy) Figlar & Noot.  (VIETNAM, MALAY PENIN.)
* *[[Magnolia sinica]]* (Law) Noot.  (SE YUNNAN (CHINA))

## അവലംബം

### ഗ്രന്ഥസൂചിക

* Johnstone, G.H. (1955). *Asiatic Magnolias in cultivation*. London, The Royal Horticultural Society.
* R. N. KAPIL and N. N. BHANDARI. (1964) MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY OF MAGNOLIA DILL. ex LINN. Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. India 30, 245-262
* Callaway, D.J. (1994). *The World of Magnolias*. Portland, Oregon, Timber Press. 
* Hunt, D. (ed). (1998). *Magnolias and Their Allies*. International Dendrology Society & Magnolia Society. 
* Law, Y.W. (= Liu, Y.H.) (2004). *Magnolias of China*. Hong-Kong, Beijing Science & Technology Press. 
* Leonard B. Thien. Floral Biology of Magnolia. American Journal of Botany Vol. 61, No. 10 (Nov. - Dec., 1974), pp. 1037-1045
* Treseder, N.G. (1978). *Magnolias*. London/Boston, Faber & Faber. 
* Cicuzza, D., Newton, A. and Oldfield, S. 2007. The Red List of Magnoliaceae Fauna & Flora International and Botanic Gardens Conservation International report
*F. Xu, P. J. Rudall. Comparative floral anatomy and ontogeny in Magnoliaceae. Plant Systematics and Evolution April 2006, Volume 258, Issue 1-2, pp 1-15

## പുറം കണ്ണികൾ

*Caerhays Castle Garden (UK), holders of the NCCPG National Magnolia Collection
*Conserving threatened Magnolia species  Background information, reports, images and related articles on the Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) website
*Magnolia Society
*"Magnolias Threatened by Logging, Development" from National Public Radio
*Selecting Trees for your Home – Magnolia Trees  University of Illinois Extension
*

## കുറിപ്പുകൾ






വർഗ്ഗം:സസ്യജനുസുകൾ
വർഗ്ഗം:പുഷ്പങ്ങൾ
വർഗ്ഗം:മഗ്നോളിയേസീ
വർഗ്ഗം:മഗ്നോളിയേൽസ്
വർഗ്ഗം:ഔഷധസസ്യങ്ങൾ
വർഗ്ഗം:മാഗ്നോളിയാ ജനുസ്സ്
വർഗ്ഗം:മഗ്നോലിയ