Изотопи на хафниумот

Природниот хафниум (72Hf) се состои од пет набљудувачки стабилни изотопи (176Hf, 177Hf, 178Hf, 179Hf и 180Hf) и еден многу долг животен радиоизотоп, 174Hf, со полуживот од  години.  Дополнително, постојат 34 познати синтетички радиоизотопи, од кои најстабилниот е 182Hf со период на полураспаѓање од  години. Овој изумрен радионуклид се користи во датирањето на хафниум-волфрам за проучување на хронологијата на планетарната диференцијација.

Ниту еден друг радиоизотоп нема период на полураспаѓање над 1,87 години. Повеќето изотопи имаат период на полураспаѓање под 1 минута. Исто така, постојат најмалку 27 јадрени изомери, од кои најстабилниот е 178m2Hf со период на полураспаѓање од 31 година. Сите изотопи на хафниум се или радиоактивни или набљудувачки стабилни, што значи дека се предвидува дека се радиоактивни, но не е забележано вистинско распаѓање.

## Список на изотопи

|-id=Hafnium-153
| 153Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 81
| 152.97069(32)#
| 400#&nbsp;ms[>200&nbsp;ns]
|
|
| 1/2+#
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-154
| rowspan=2|154Hf
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 82
| rowspan=2|153.96486(32)#
| rowspan=2|2(1)&nbsp;s
| β<sup>+</sup>
| 154Lu
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| α (rare)
| 150Yb
|-id=Hafnium-154m
| style="text-indent:1em" | 154mHf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2721(50)#&nbsp;keV
| 9(4)&nbsp;μs
| IT
| 154Hf
| (10+)
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-155
| 155Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 83
| 154.96317(32)#
| 843(30)&nbsp;ms
| β+
| 155Lu
| 7/2−#
| 
| 
|-id=Hafnium-156
| 156Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 84
| 155.95940(16)
| 23(1)&nbsp;ms
| α
| 152Yb
| 0+
| 
| 
|-id=Hafnium-156m
| style="text-indent:1em" | 156mHf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1958.8(10)&nbsp;keV
| 480(40)&nbsp;μs
| α
| 152Yb
| (8+)
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-157
| rowspan=2|157Hf
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 85
| rowspan=2|156.95829(22)#
| rowspan=2|115(1)&nbsp;ms
| α (94%)
| 153Yb
| rowspan=2|7/2−
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β+ (6%)
| 157Lu
|-id=Hafnium-158
| rowspan=2|158Hf
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 86
| rowspan=2|157.954801(19)
| rowspan=2|2.85(7)&nbsp;s
| β+ (55.7%)
| 158Lu
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| α (44.3%)
| 154Yb
|-id=Hafnium-159
| rowspan=2|159Hf
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 87
| rowspan=2|158.953996(18)
| rowspan=2|5.20(10)&nbsp;s
| β+ (65%)
| 159Lu
| rowspan=2|7/2−
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| α (35%)
| 155Yb
|-id=Hafnium-160
| rowspan=2|160Hf
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 88
| rowspan=2|159.950683(10)
| rowspan=2|13.6(2)&nbsp;s
| β+ (99.3%)
| 160Lu
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| α (0.7%)
| 156Yb
|-id=Hafnium-161
| rowspan=2|161Hf
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 89
| rowspan=2|160.950278(25)
| rowspan=2|18.4(4)&nbsp;s
| β+ (99.71%)
| 161Lu
| rowspan=2|(7/2−)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| α (0.29%)
| 157Yb
|-id=Hafnium-161m
| style="text-indent:1em" | 161mHf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 329.0(5)&nbsp;keV
| 4.8(2)&nbsp;μs
| IT
| 161Yb
| (13/2+)
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-162
| rowspan=2|162Hf
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 90
| rowspan=2|161.9472155(96)
| rowspan=2|39.4(9)&nbsp;s
| β+ (99.99%)
| 162Lu
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| α (0.008%)
| 158Yb
|-id=Hafnium-163
| 163Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 91
| 162.947107(28)
| 40.0(6)&nbsp;s
| β+
| 163Lu
| (5/2−)
| 
| 
|-id=Hafnium-164
| 164Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 92
| 163.944371(17)
| 111(8)&nbsp;s
| β+
| 164Lu
| 0+
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-165
| 165Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 93
| 164.944567(30)
| 76(4)&nbsp;s
| β+
| 165Lu
| (5/2−)
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-166
| 166Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 94
| 165.942180(30)
| 6.77(30)&nbsp;min
| β+
| 166Lu
| 0+
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-167
| 167Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 95
| 166.942600(30)
| 2.05(5)&nbsp;min
| β+
| 167Lu
| (5/2)−
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-168
| rowspan=2|168Hf
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 96
| rowspan=2|167.940568(30)
| rowspan=2|25.95(20)&nbsp;min
| EC (98%)
| 168Lu
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β+ (2%)
| 168Lu
|-id=Hafnium-169
| 169Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 97
| 168.941259(30)
| 3.24(4)&nbsp;min
| β+
| 169Lu
| (5/2−)
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-170
| 170Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 98
| 169.939609(30)
| 16.01(13)&nbsp;h
| EC
| 170Lu
| 0+
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-171
| 171Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 99
| 170.940492(31)
| 12.1(4)&nbsp;h
| β+
| 171Lu
| 7/2+
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-171m
| style="text-indent:1em" | 171mHf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 21.93(9)&nbsp;keV
| 29.5(9)&nbsp;s
| IT
| 171Hf
| 1/2−
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-172
| 172Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 100
| 171.939450(26)
| 1.87(3)&nbsp;y
| EC
| 172Lu
| 0+
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-172m
| style="text-indent:1em" | 172mHf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2005.84(11)&nbsp;keV
| 163(3)&nbsp;ns
| IT
| 172Hf
| (8−)
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-173
| 173Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 101
| 172.940513(30)
| 23.6(1)&nbsp;h
| β+
| 173Lu
| 1/2−
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-173m1
| style="text-indent:1em" | 173m1Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 107.16(5)&nbsp;keV
| 180(8)&nbsp;ns
| IT
| 173Hf
| 5/2−
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-173m2
| style="text-indent:1em" | 173m2Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 197.47(10)&nbsp;keV
| 160(40)&nbsp;ns
| IT
| 173Hf
| 7/2+
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-174
| 174Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 102
| 173.9400484(24)
| ***'
| α
| '''<sup>170</sup>Yb'''
| 0+
| 0.0016(12)
| 
|-id=Hafnium-174m1
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>174m1</sup>Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1549.26(4)&nbsp;keV
| 138(4)&nbsp;ns
| IT
| ***174Hf***
| 6+
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-174m2
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>174m2</sup>Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1797.59(7)&nbsp;keV
| 2.39(4)&nbsp;μs
| IT
| ***174Hf***
| 8−
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-174m3
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>174m3</sup>Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3312.07(6)&nbsp;keV
| 3.7(2)&nbsp;μs
| IT
| ***174Hf**''
| 14+
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-175
| <sup>175</sup>Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 103
| 174.9415114(25)
| 70.65(19)&nbsp;d
| EC
| **175Lu**
| 5/2−
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-175m1
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>175m1</sup>Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 125.89(12)&nbsp;keV
| 53.7(15)&nbsp;μs
| IT
| <sup>175</sup>Hf
| 1/2−
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-175m2
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>175m2</sup>Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1433.41(12)&nbsp;keV
| 1.10(8)&nbsp;μs
| IT
| <sup>175</sup>Hf
| 19/2+
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-175m3
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>175m3</sup>Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3015.6(4)&nbsp;keV
| 1.21(15)&nbsp;μs
| IT
| <sup>175</sup>Hf
| 35/2−
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-175m4
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>175m4</sup>Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 4636.2(12)&nbsp;keV
| 1.9(1)&nbsp;μs
| IT
| <sup>175</sup>Hf
| 45/2+
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-176
| <sup>176</sup>Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 104
| 175.9414098(16)
| colspan=3 align=center|**Observationally Stable**
| 0+
| 0.0526(70)
| 
|-id=Hafnium-176m1
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>176m1</sup>Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1333.07(7)&nbsp;keV
| 9.6(3)&nbsp;μs
| IT
| **176Hf**
| 6+
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-176m2
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>176m2</sup>Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1559.31(9)&nbsp;keV
| 9.9(2)&nbsp;μs
| IT
| **176Hf**
| 8−
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-176m3
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>176m3</sup>Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2865.8(7)&nbsp;keV
| 401(6)&nbsp;μs
| IT
| **176Hf**
| 14−
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-176m4
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>176m4</sup>Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 4863.6(9)&nbsp;keV
| 43(4)&nbsp;μs
| IT
| **176Hf**
| 22−
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-177
| <sup>177</sup>Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 105
| 176.9432302(15)
| colspan=3 align=center|**Observationally Stable**
| 7/2−
| 0.1860(16)
| 
|-id=Hafnium-177m1
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>177m1</sup>Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1315.4502(8)&nbsp;keV
| 1.09(5)&nbsp;s
| IT
| **177Hf**
| 23/2+
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-177m2
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>177m2</sup>Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1342.4(10)&nbsp;keV
| 55.9(12)&nbsp;μs
| IT
| **177Hf**
| (19/2−)
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-177m3
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>177m3</sup>Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2740.02(15)&nbsp;keV
| 51.4(5)&nbsp;min
| IT
| **177Hf**
| 37/2−
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-178
| <sup>178</sup>Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 106
| 177.9437083(15)
| colspan=3 align=center|**Observationally Stable**
| 0+
| 0.2728(28)
| 
|-id=Hafnium-178m1
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>178m1</sup>Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1147.416(6)&nbsp;keV
| 4.0(2)&nbsp;s
| IT
| **178Hf**
| 8−
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-178m2
| style="text-indent:1em" | [[Hafnium-178m2|<sup>178m2</sup>Hf]]
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2446.09(8)&nbsp;keV
| 31(1)&nbsp;y
| IT
| **178Hf**
| 16+
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-178m3
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>178m3</sup>Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2572.4(3)&nbsp;keV
| 68(2)&nbsp;μs
| IT
| **178Hf**
| 14−
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-179
| <sup>179</sup>Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 107
| 178.9458257(15)
| colspan=3 align=center|**Observationally Stable**
| 9/2+
| 0.1362(11)
| 
|-id=Hafnium-179m1
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>179m1</sup>Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 375.0352(25)&nbsp;keV
| 18.67(4)&nbsp;s
| IT
| **179Hf**
| 1/2−
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-179m2
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>179m2</sup>Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1106.412(33)&nbsp;keV
| 25.00(17)&nbsp;d
| IT
| **179Hf**
| 25/2−
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-179m3
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>179m3</sup>Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3775.2(21)&nbsp;keV
| 15(5)&nbsp;μs
| IT
| **179Hf**
| (43/2+)
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-180
| <sup>180</sup>Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 108
| 179.9465595(15)
| colspan=3 align=center|**Observationally Stable**
| 0+
| 0.3508(33)
| 
|-id=Hafnium-180m1
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>180m1</sup>Hf
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1141.552(15)&nbsp;keV
| rowspan=2|5.53(2)&nbsp;h
| IT (99.69%)
| **180Hf**
| rowspan=2|8−
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>−</sup> (0.31%)
| **180m1Ta**
|-id=Hafnium-180m2
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>180m2</sup>Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1374.36(4)&nbsp;keV
| 570(20)&nbsp;μs
| IT
| **180Hf**
| 4−
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-180m3
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>180m3</sup>Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2485.5(5)&nbsp;keV
| 0.94(11)&nbsp;μs
| IT
| **180Hf**
| 12+
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-180m4
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>180m4</sup>Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3599.0(10)&nbsp;keV
| 90(10)&nbsp;μs
| IT
| **180Hf**
| (18−)
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-181
| <sup>181</sup>Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 109
| 180.9491108(15)
| 42.39(6)&nbsp;d
| β<sup>−</sup>
| **181Ta'''
| 1/2−
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-181m1
| style="text-indent:1em" | 181m1Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 595.27(4)&nbsp;keV
| 80(5)&nbsp;μs
| IT
| 181Hf
| (9/2+)
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-181m2
| style="text-indent:1em" | 181m2Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1043.5(8)&nbsp;keV
| ~100&nbsp;μs
| IT
| 181Hf
| (17/2+)
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-181m3
| style="text-indent:1em" | 181m3Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1741.9(13)&nbsp;keV
| 1.5(5)&nbsp;ms
| IT
| 181Hf
| (25/2−)
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-182
| 182Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 110
| 181.9505637(66)
| 8.90(9)×106&nbsp;y
| β−
| 182Ta
| 0+
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-182m1
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 182m1Hf
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1172.87(18)&nbsp;keV
| rowspan=2|61.5(15)&nbsp;min
| β− (54%)
| 182Ta
| rowspan=2|8−
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| IT (46%)
| 182Hf
|-id=Hafnium-182m2
| style="text-indent:1em" | 182m2Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2571.3(12)&nbsp;keV
| 40(10)&nbsp;μs
| IT
| 182Hf
| (13+)
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-183
| 183Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 111
| 182.953533(32)
| 1.018(2)&nbsp;h
| β−
| 183Ta
| (3/2−)
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-183m
| style="text-indent:1em" | 183mHf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1464(64)&nbsp;keV
| 40(30)&nbsp;s
| IT
| 183Hf
| 27/2−#
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-184
| 184Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 112
| 183.955449(43)
| 4.12(5)&nbsp;h
| β−
| 184Ta
| 0+
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-184m1
| style="text-indent:1em" | 184m1Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1272.2(4)&nbsp;keV
| 48(10)&nbsp;s
| IT
| 184Hf
| 8−
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-184m2
| style="text-indent:1em" | 184m2Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2477(10)&nbsp;keV
| 16(7)&nbsp;min
| 
| 
| 15+#
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-185
| 185Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 113
| 184.958862(69)
| 3.5(6)&nbsp;min
| β−
| 185Ta
| (9/2−)
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-186
| 186Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 114
| 185.960897(55)
| 2.6(12)&nbsp;min
| β−
| 186Ta
| 0+
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-186m
| style="text-indent:1em" | 186mHf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2968(43)&nbsp;keV
| >20&nbsp;s
| 
| 
| 17+#
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-187
| 187Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 115
| 186.96457(22)#
| 14#&nbsp;s[>300&nbsp;ns]
|
|
| 9/2−#
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-187m
| style="text-indent:1em" | 187mHf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 500(300)#&nbsp;keV
| 270(80)&nbsp;ns
| IT
| 187Hf
| 3/2−#
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-188
| 188Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 116
| 187.96690(32)#
| 7#&nbsp;s[>300&nbsp;ns]
|
|
| 0+
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-189
| 189Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 117
| 188.97085(32)#
| 400#&nbsp;ms[>300&nbsp;ns]
|
|
| 3/2−#
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-190
| 190Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 118
| 189.97338(43)#
| 600#&nbsp;ms[>300&nbsp;ns]
|
|
| 0+
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-191
| 191Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 119
| 
|
|
|
| 
|
|
|-id=Hafnium-192
| 192Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 120
| 
|
|
|
| 0+
|
|

## Наводи



Категорија:Списоци на изотопи по елемент
Категорија:Хафниум
Категорија:Изотопи на хафниумот