Изотопи на германиумот

**[[Германиум]]** (32Ge) има пет природни изотопи, 70Ge, 72Ge, 73Ge, 74Ge и 76Ge. Од нив, 76Ge е многу малку радиоактивен, се распаѓа со двоено бета-распад со полураспад од 1,78&nbsp;×&nbsp;10 21 години  (130 милијарди пати поголема од староста на вселената).

Стабилниот 74Ge е најчестиот изотоп, кој има природна застапеност од приближно 36%. 76Ge е најмалку застапен со природна застапеност од приближно 7%. 

Најмалку 27 радиоизотопи се исто така синтетизирани со атомска маса од 58 до 89. Најстабилниот од нив е 68Ge, кој се распаѓа со електронски зафат со полураспад од 270,95 години. Се распаѓа до медицински корисниот изотоп 68Ga, кој емитува позитрон. (Видете генератор на галиум-68 за белешки за изворот на овој изотоп и неговата медицинска употреба.) Најмалку стабилниот познат изотоп на германиум е 59Ge со полураспад од 13,3&nbsp;ms.

Додека повеќето радиоизотопи на германиум се распаѓаат преку бета-распад, 61Ge и 65Ge исто така може да се распаднат со β+ преку одложено протонско зрачење.  84Ge до 87Ge исто така имаат мали β <sup>−</sup> одложени патеки на распаѓање на неутронски распад. 

76Ge се употребува во експерименти за природата на неутрината, со барање за двојно бета распаѓање без неутрино.

## Список на изотопи

|-id=Germanium-59
| rowspan=3|59Ge
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 32
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 27
| rowspan=3|58.98243(43)#
| rowspan=3|13.3(17)&nbsp;ms
| β<sup>+</sup>, п (93%)
| 58Zn
| rowspan=3|7/2−#
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
|-
| β+ (7%)
| 59Ga
|-
| 2p (57Zn
|-id=Germanium-60
| rowspan=2|60Ge
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 32
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 28
| rowspan=2|59.97045(32)#
| rowspan=2|21(6)&nbsp;ms
| β<sup>+</sup>, p
| 59Zn
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β+, 2p (58Cu
|-id=Germanium-61
| rowspan=2|61Ge
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 32
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 29
| rowspan=2|60.96373(32)#
| rowspan=2|40.7(4)&nbsp;ms
| β+, p (87%)
| 60Zn
| rowspan=2|3/2−#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β+ (18%)
| 61Ga
|-id=Germanium-62
| 62Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 30
| 61.95476(15)#
| 82.5(14)&nbsp;ms
| β+
| 62Ga
| 0+
| 
| 
|-id=Germanium-63
| 63Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 31
| 62.949628(40)
| 153.6(11)&nbsp;ms
| β+
| 63Ga
| 3/2−#
| 
| 
|-id=Germanium-64
| 64Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| 63.9416899(40)
| 63.7(25)&nbsp;s
| β+
| 64Ga
| 0+
|
|
|-id=Germanium-65
| rowspan=2|65Ge
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 32
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 33
| rowspan=2|64.9393681(23)
| rowspan=2|30.9(5)&nbsp;s
| β+ (99.99%)
| 65Ga
| rowspan=2|3/2−
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β+, p (0.011%)
| **<sup>64</sup>Zn**
|-id=Germanium-66
| 66Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 34
| 65.9338621(26)
| 2.26(5)&nbsp;h
| β+
| 66Ga
| 0+
|
|
|-id=Germanium-67
| 67Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 35
| 66.9327170(46)
| 18.9(3)&nbsp;min
| β+
| 67Ga
| 1/2−
|
|
|-id=Germanium-67m1
| style="text-indent:1em" | 67m1Ge
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 18.20(5)&nbsp;keV
| 13.7(9)&nbsp;μs
| ИП
| 67Ge
| 5/2−
|
|
|-id=Germanium-67m2
| style="text-indent:1em" | 67m2Ge
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 751.70(6)&nbsp;keV
| 109.1(38)&nbsp;ns
| ИП
| 67Ge
| 9/2+
|
|
|-id=Germanium-68
| 68Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 36
| 67.9280953(20)
| 271.05(8)&nbsp;d 
| ЕЗ
| 68Ga
| 0+
|
|
|-id=Germanium-69
| 69Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 37
| 68.9279645(14)
| 39.05(10)&nbsp;h
| β+
| **<sup>69</sup>Ga**
| 5/2−
|
|
|-id=Germanium-69m1
| style="text-indent:1em" | 69m1Ge
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 86.76(2)&nbsp;keV
| 5.1(2)&nbsp;μs
| ИП
| 69Ge
| 1/2−
|
|
|-id=Germanium-69m2
| style="text-indent:1em" | 69m2Ge
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 397.94(2)&nbsp;keV
| 2.81(5)&nbsp;μs
| ИП
| 69Ge
| 9/2+
|
|
|-id=Germanium-70
| 70Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 38
| 69.92424854(88)
| colspan=3 align=center|**Стабилен**
| 0+
| 0.2052(19)
|
|-id=Germanium-71
| 71Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 39
| 70.92495212(87)
| 11.468(8)&nbsp;д
| EC
| **<sup>71</sup>Ga**
| 1/2−
|
|
|-id=Germanium-71m
| style="text-indent:1em" | 71mGe
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 198.354(14)&nbsp;keV
| 20.41(18)&nbsp;ms
| ИП
| 71Ge
| 9/2+
|
|
|-id=Germanium-72
| 72Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 40
| 71.922075824(81)
| colspan=3 align=center|**Стабилен**
| 0+
| 0.2745(15)
|
|-id=Germanium-72m
| style="text-indent:1em" | 72mGe
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 691.43(4)&nbsp;keV
| 444.2(8)&nbsp;ns
| ИП
| **<sup>72</sup>Ge**
| 0+
|
|
|-id=Germanium-73
| 73Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 41
| 72.923458954(61)
| colspan=3 align=center|**Стабилен**
| 9/2+
| 0.0776(8)
|
|-id=Germanium-73m1
| style="text-indent:1em" | 73m1Ge
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 13.2845(15)&nbsp;keV
| 2.91(3)&nbsp;μs
| ИП
| **<sup>73</sup>Ge**
| 5/2+
|
|
|-id=Germanium-73m2
| style="text-indent:1em" | 73m2Ge
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 66.725(9)&nbsp;keV
| 499(11)&nbsp;ms
| ИП
| **<sup>73</sup>Ge**
| 1/2−
|
|
|-id=Germanium-74
| 74Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 42
| 73.921177760(13)
| colspan=3 align=center|**Стабилен**
| 0+
| 0.3652(12)
|
|-id=Germanium-75
| 75Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 43
| 74.922858370(55)
| 82.78(4)&nbsp;min
| β−
| **<sup>75</sup>As**
| 1/2−
|
|
|-id=Germanium-75m1
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 75m1Ge
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 139.69(3)&nbsp;keV
| rowspan=2|47.7(5)&nbsp;s
| ИП (99.97%)
| 75Ge
| rowspan=2|7/2+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β− (0.030%)
| **<sup>75</sup>As**
|-id=Germanium-75m2
| style="text-indent:1em" | 75m2Ge
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 192.19(6)&nbsp;keV
| 216(5)&nbsp;ns
| ИП
| 75Ge
| 5/2+
|
|
|-id=Germanium-76
| 76Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 44
| 75.921402725(19)
| **(2.022±0.018±0.038) г**
| β−β−
| **<sup>76</sup>Se**
| 0+
| 0.0775(12)
|
|-id=Germanium-77
| 77Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 45
| 76.923549843(56)
| 11.211(3)&nbsp;h
| β−
| 77As
| 7/2+
| 
| 
|-id=Germanium-77m
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 77mGe
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 159.71(6)&nbsp;keV
| rowspan=2|53.7(6)&nbsp;s
| β− (81%)
| 77As
| rowspan=2|1/2−
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| ИП (19%)
| 77Ge
|-id=Germanium-78
| 78Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 46
| 77.9228529(38)
| 88.0(10)&nbsp;min
| β−
| 78As
| 0+
|
|
|-id=Germanium-79
| 79Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 47
| 78.925360(40)
| 18.98(3)&nbsp;s
| β−
| 79As
| (1/2)−
|
|
|-id=Germanium-79m
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 79mGe
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 185.95(4)&nbsp;keV
| rowspan=2|39.0(10)&nbsp;s
| β− (96%)
| 79As
| rowspan=2|7/2+#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| ИП (4%)
| 79Ge
|-id=Germanium-80
| 80Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 48
| 79.9253508(22)
| 29.5(4)&nbsp;s
| β−
| 80As
| 0+
|
|
|-id=Germanium-81
| 81Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 49
| 80.9288329(22)
| 9(2)&nbsp;s
| β−
| 81As
| 9/2+#
|
|
|-id=Germanium-81m
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 81mGe
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 679.14(4)&nbsp;keV
| rowspan=2|6(2)&nbsp;s
| β−
| 81As
| rowspan=2|(1/2+)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| ИП (81Ge
|-id=Germanium-82
| 82Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 50
| 81.9297740(24)
| 4.31(19)&nbsp;s
| β−
| 82As
| 0+
|
|
|-id=Germanium-83
| 83Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 51
| 82.9345391(26)
| 1.85(6)&nbsp;s
| β−
| 83As
| (5/2+)
| 
| 
|-id=Germanium-84
| rowspan=2|84Ge
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 32
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 52
| rowspan=2|83.9375751(34)
| rowspan=2|951(9)&nbsp;ms
| β− (89.4%)
| 84As
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β−, н (10.6%)
| 83As
|-id=Germanium-85
| rowspan=2|85Ge
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 32
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 53
| rowspan=2|84.9429697(40)
| rowspan=2|495(5)&nbsp;ms
| β− (82.8%)
| 85As
| rowspan=2|(3/2+,5/2+)#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β−, n (17.2%)
| 84As
|-id=Germanium-86
| rowspan=2|86Ge
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 32
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 54
| rowspan=2|85.94697(47)
| rowspan=2|221.6(11)&nbsp;ms
| β− (55%)
| 86As
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β−, n (45%)
| 85As
|-id=Germanium-87
| 87Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 55
| 86.95320(32)#
| 103(4)&nbsp;ms
| β−
| 87As
| 5/2+#
| 
| 
|-id=Germanium-88
| 88Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 56
| 87.95757(43)#
| 61(6)&nbsp;ms
| β−
| 88As
| 0+
| 
| 
|-id=Germanium-89
| 89Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 57
| 88.96453(43)#
| 60#&nbsp;ms [>300&nbsp;ns]
| 
| 
| 3/2+#
| 
| 
|-id=Germanium-90
| 90Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 58
| 89.96944(54)#
| 30#&nbsp;ms [>400&nbsp;ns]
| 
| 
| 0+
| 
| 
|-id=Germanium-91
| 91Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 59
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|
|
|-id=Germanium-92
| 92Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 60
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|
|

## Белешки


## Наводи

германиум
Категорија:германиум