Hononga-o-Amerika

Ko te **Hononga-o-Amerika** (reo Pākehā: *United States of America*, *United States*, *USA*, *U.S.*), **HOA** rānei, tētahi tūwehe whakaminenga e hangaia ki ētahi wehenga o "motukāinga" (*mokuʻāina* i te reo Hawaii) e 50, ki tētahi tiriwā whakaminenga, ki ētahi takiwā mātua e rima, ā, ki ētahi atu pupuritanga maha. Kei Amerika-ki-te-Raki ngā wehenga pātata 48 me Wāhitana Tiriwā o Columbia (kei waenganui o Kānata me Mehiko), kei te rakihauāuru o Amerika-ki-te-Raki te wehenga o Alaska, ā, he tinimoutere te wehenga/"motukāinga" o Hawai’i ki waenga Moananui-a-Kiwa. Toha ana āna takiwā ki ngā moana Nui-a-Kiwa me te Karipiana. Koia te whenua noho nui rawa tuatoru me ōna tāngata neke atu i te 320 miriona, ā, ko te whenua nui rawa tuawhā me tōna rahinga whenua e 9.842 miriona km2 (3.8 miriona māero2). Koia tētahi o ngā whenua tino kanorau ā-momopori, tino takenga tini o te ao nō tāna manene rea mai ngā whenua maha. He kanorau hoki te matawhenua me te āhuarangi ō te Hononga-o-Amerika, ā, he wāhi noho mā ngā tipu tūmomo maha rawa.

Nō 15,000 tau ki muri (nui atu rānei) a ngā Nehe-Amerikana i heke mai i Eurāhia ki te tuawhenua o te HOA o nāianei, tae noa ki te rautau <sup>t</sup>16 noa iho i tīmata te tāmitanga Ūropi. Nō te 4 Hōngongoi 1776, i a ngā kaitāmi e whawhai ana ki a Piritana Nui i te Pakanga Pāhoro o Amerika, te Whakapuakanga Motuhaketanga i whakamanahia e ngā māngai o ngā tāmianga Piritene 13. Nō te mutunga o tēnā pakanga i te tau 1783 ka whakamanahia tō HOA motuhaketanga e te Kīngitanga o Piritene Nui, kia tū ai hei whenua tuatahi o te ao nāna tōna motuhaketanga i riro i tētahi emepaia tāmi Ūropi ki te pakanga.   

I whakamanahia tōna tuhiture i te 17 Mahuru 1787, ā, e tapaina petapetatia ngā menemana tekau tuatahi ko te Pire Tika - he mea i hoahoatia hei taurangi i ngā tika me ngā mana rarau whakapū.  

I raro i tōna whakaakoranga a te Okewa Tīahoaho i whakamakoha te Hononga-o-Amerika whaka-te-hauāuru i te rautau <sup>t</sup>19 mā te peinga i ngā iwi tūturu o Amerika, mā te pahore takiwā hou, ā, mā te whakaae wehenga hou, kia toha ai tōna takiwā ki ia takutai o te paparahi o Amerika-ki-te-Raki mai te tau 1848. Nō te haurua tuarua o te rautau t19 i turakina te whakapononga ā-ture ki Amerika e te Kaiākiri Amerika, tae noa ki te whakamutunga o tēnā rautau i tautoro atu ō HOA takiwā ki te Moananui-a-Kiwa, ā, i tipu pahū ai tōna ōhanga nō te Hurihanga Ahumahi. Nā tāna toanga i te Pakanga Pāniora-Amerika me te Pakanga Aorere I i whakaū tōna tūnga hei mana taua aorere. I maea te Hononga-o-Amerika i te Pakanga Aorere II hei tuamana aorere, hei whenua whakahiato mānuka karihi tuatahi, hei whenua anake i whakamahi i ēnei mānuka ki te pakanga, a hei peke toitū o tō te Kotahitanga Aorere Rūnanga Haumaru. Nō te whakamutunga o te Pakanga Mātao me te hinganga o te Kotahitanga Soviet i te tau 1991 kua tū kau ana a te Hononga-o-Amerika hei tuamana tautahi o te ao.

He whenua whanake te Hononga-o-Amerika. Nōna te tino ōhanga o te ao, he meka e takea i ōna rauemi taiao maha me tōna whakaputaranga kaimahi teitei. Ahakoa he muri-ahumahi tō HOA ōhanga, koia tonu tētahi o ngā whenua tino whakanao o te ao. I te mea nōna 34% o ngā whakaputa pūtea waonga aorere, 23% hoki o te whakanaonga tapeke aorere, ko te Hononga-o-Amerika te mana ōhanga, mana taua tuatahi o te ao; he kaha tōrangapū, kaha ahurea kōhure ōna, ā, he kaiarataki rangahau pūtaiao me ngā auaha hangarau.  

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