Anime

**Anime** (reo Hapani: アニメ; IPA: [aꜜɲime]) he momo whakaahua ā-ringa, ā-rorohiko hoki nō Hapani. Ki waho o Hapani, mā te reo Ingarihi e tohu te kupu "anime" i ngā whakaahua i hangaia ki Hapani anake. Heoi, ki Hapani, ko te "anime" he kupu whānui mō ngā mahi whakaahua katoa, ahakoa te āhua, ahakoa te takenga. He maha ngā whakaahua o tāwāhi e āhua rite ana ki te whakaahua Hapani, ā, ko ētahi kēmu ataata e whakamahi ana i ngā kaupapa me ngā momo toi e kitea ana he "anime".

No te tau 1917 te tauhokohoko tuatahi o nga mahi hākoritanga Hapanihi. I puta mai he momo toi i te tekau tau atu i 1960 me nga mahi a Osamu Tezuka, kaitoi pakiwaituhi, ka horahia i roto i nga tekau tau e whai ake nei, he nui te hunga whakarongo ki te kainga. Ka tohatohahia te Anime ki te whare tapere, na roto i nga haapurorotanga pouaka whakaata, tika ki nga papaaho kaainga, me te Ipurangi . I tua atu i nga mahi taketake, ko te anime te nuinga o nga urutaunga o nga pakimeke Japanese ( manga ), pukapuka marama, keemu ataata ranei. Kua whakarōpūhia ki roto i nga momo maha e aro ana ki nga tini minenga whanui me te motuhake.

I tīmata te whakaahua Hapani ki te hokohoko i te tau 1917. Ka puta mai tētahi momo toi motuhake i ngā tau 1960 mā ngā mahi a te kaitā whakaahua a Osamu Tezuka, ka hora haere i ngā tekau tau e whai ake nei, ka tipu te minenga nui o te kāinga. Ka tohatohaina te anime mā ngā whare kiriata, mā te pāpāho pouaka whakaata, mā ngā rauemi kaipāho ki te kāinga, me te ipurangi. Hei tāpiri i ngā mahi taketake, he whakawhiti kē te nuinga o ngā anime i ngā pukapuka pakiwaituhi Hapani (manga), i ngā pukapuka māmā (light novel), i ngā kēmu ataata rānei. Ka whakarōpūtia ki ētahi momo kāwai mō te minenga whānui me ngā minenga iti.

He momo whakaahua kanorau te anime, he momo hanga motuhake kua huri haere i runga i ngā hangarau hou. Ka whakakotahitia te toi tuhi, te whakatauira i te āhua o te tangata, te toi hopu whakaahua, me ētahi atu momo rauemi auaha takitahi. Whakatairitea ki te whakaahua Hauāuru, he iti ake te aro nui ki te neke i te hanga anime, engari he nui ake ki ngā taipitopito o te whakatakotoranga me te whakamahi i ngā "pānga kāmera", pērā i te paninga, te whakarahinga, me ngā kūtanga kōaro. He kanorau ngā momo toi e whakamahia ana, ā, he rerekē te āhua o ngā tinana me ngā āhuatanga o ngā kiripuaki, ko tētahi āhuatanga matua ko ngā karu nui whakaatu kare ā-roto.

Kei te ahumahi anime ngā 430 kamupene hanga whakaahua neke atu, tae atu ki ngā tari nui pērā i Tari Toi Ghibli (Studio Ghibli), Tari Toi o Kyōto (Kyoto Animation), Rāwhiti (Sunrise), Iwi (Bones), Ufotable, MAPPA, Wit Studio, CoMix Wave Films, Whare Porotaka (Madhouse, Inc.), TMS Entertainment, Pierrot, Production I.G, Whakaahua Hapani (Nippon Animation) me Toei Animation. Mai i ngā tau 1980, kua angitu te kanorau o te ao i te pikinga o ngā hōtaka reo taki, reo taki kupu iti, ā, mai i ngā tau 2010, nā te pikinga o ngā ratonga whakamahau (streaming services) me te whānuitanga o te whakatau mai o te ao ki te ahurea anime, i Hapani, i te ao whānui hoki. I te tau 2016, ko te 60% o ngā hōtaka whakaahua pouaka whakaata o te ao, nō Hapani.

## Takenga Kupu
He momo whakaahua te anime, he toi kei roto he maha momo kāwai e kitea ana i ētahi atu momo whakaatu; i ētahi wā ka hē te whakarōpūtanga hei kāwai anake. Ki te reo Hapani, ko te kupu "anime" e tohu ana i ngā mahi whakaahua katoa, ahakoa te āhua, ahakoa te takenga. Ko te whakamārama o ngā papakupu reo Ingarihi mō te "anime" (/ˈænɪmeɪ/) ko "tētahi momo whakaahua nō Hapani", ko "tētahi momo whakaahua nō Hapani" rānei. Ko ētahi whakamārama e ahu mai ana i te takenga, arā, me hangaia ki Hapani kia kitea he "anime".

He rerekē ngā whakamārama mō te takenga o te kupu "anime". Ko te kupu Ingarihi "animation" ka tuhia ki te reo Hapani he アニメーション (animēshon), he アニメ (anime) rānei i tōna āhua poto. Ko ētahi kōrero e mea ana nō te kupu Wīwī "dessin animé" ("pakiwaituhi") te takenga, engari ko ētahi e whakapono ana he pakiwaitara nā te rongonui o te anime ki Wīwī i ngā tau 1970 me 1980.

Ki te reo Ingarihi, ka whakamahia te "anime" — hei kupu whānui — hei kupu tāpua. (Hei tauira: "Do you watch anime?" "How much anime have you watched?") Pērā i ētahi kupu Hapani pērā i te "saké" me te "Pokémon", ka tuhi ētahi tuhinga reo Ingarihi i te "anime" hei "animé" (pērā i te reo Wīwī), he tohu tārū i runga i te "e" whakamutunga, hei whakaatu kia kōrerotia taua reta, kaua e noho puku. I mua i te whakamahia whānuitanga o te "anime", ko te kupu "Japanimation", he kupu hono o "Japan" me "animation", i rongonui i ngā tau 1970 me 1980. I te pokapū o ngā tau 1980, ka tīmata te kupu "anime" ki te whakakapi i te "Japanimation"; i ēnei rā, ko te kupu tuarua ka kitea noa i ngā tuhinga o mua hei whakamārama i te whakaahua Hapani.

## Ngā Tohutoro